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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Raemaekers' Cartoon History of the War,
+Volume 2, by Raemaekers
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Raemaekers' Cartoon History of the War, Volume 2
+       The Second Twelve Months of War
+
+Author: Raemaekers
+
+Illustrator: Louis Raemaekers
+
+Release Date: October 25, 2011 [EBook #37846]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK RAEMAEKERS' CARTOON HISTORY ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Chris Curnow, Martin Mayer and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Internet Archive)
+
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's note:
+Italics are rendered with underscores, e.g. _italics_.
+Small caps are rendered with ALL-CAPS.
+The oe ligature is rendered [oe], e.g. man[oe]uvres.
+
+
+
+
+RAEMAEKERS'
+CARTOON
+HISTORY OF THE WAR
+
+[Illustration: (signed) Louis Raemaekers]
+
+
+
+
+RAEMAEKERS'
+
+CARTOON
+
+HISTORY OF THE WAR
+
+COMPILED BY
+
+J. MURRAY ALLISON
+
+Editor of _Raemaekers' Cartoons_, _Kultur in Cartoons_, _The
+Century Edition de Luxe Raemaekers' Cartoons_, _etc._
+
+VOLUME TWO
+
+THE SECOND TWELVE MONTHS OF WAR
+
+NEW YORK
+
+THE CENTURY CO.
+
+1919
+
+Copyright, 1919, by
+THE CENTURY CO.
+
+
+
+
+FOREWORD
+
+
+The second year of the war opened in the West with the enemy, although
+superior in man power and munitionment, pinned down to a defensive line
+from Belfort to the sea. The new armies of the British Empire were still
+being raised and trained, and neither England nor France had reached
+their zenith in the production of guns and munitions. The western front
+was to remain for a time comparatively inactive.
+
+In the East the great Teutonic drive through Poland was still in
+progress, although the Russian armies had everywhere escaped
+envelopment, and their retreat was nearly at an end. Warsaw was occupied
+by the Germans early in August. It was a moment chosen by Germany to
+make an offer of separate peace to Russia. The enemy sought to gain by
+bribery what his armies had failed to accomplish in the field. The offer
+was rejected by Russia.
+
+By October Germany's greatest military effort so far had failed and the
+Russian armies stood intact from the Bukovina to Riga.
+
+The next great development in the history of the war was the entry of
+Bulgaria in October on the side of the Central Powers. Whilst great
+German and Austro-Hungarian forces crossed the Danube in the north the
+Bulgarians attacked Serbia on the flank. In a few weeks Serbia and
+Montenegro suffered the fate of Belgium and Luxemburg, the British and
+French troops not having arrived in time to render material aid to the
+Serbians. Greece, failing to live up to her treaty with Serbia,
+contributed to the defeat of that country and was for many months to
+form a menace to the allied troops who were making the port of Salonika
+their base in the Balkans.
+
+In the meantime the western allies had taken the offensive in September,
+the French attacking in Champagne and the British in Flanders. The
+attack was not driven home and no further offensive upon a large scale
+was to take place until July in the following year.
+
+January saw Gallipoli evacuated by the Allies, releasing Turkish troops
+for service in Mesopotamia which was doubtless to have its effect in the
+fall of Kut and the capture of the garrison later on.
+
+Late in February the great German offensive began at Verdun, an
+offensive which was to prove the most costly defeat of the German arms
+during the war. The Battle of Verdun continued for months and may be
+said to have been definitely lost by the Germans by the 1st of July.
+
+Meanwhile the Russian armies in the Caucasus and Armenia had beaten the
+Turks in many engagements, taking amongst other towns the fortress of
+Erzerum with great numbers of prisoners and military stores. The other
+Russian armies in the north, reorganized and thoroughly equipped with
+munitionment, began in June their magnificent advance all along their
+line from Riga to the Carpathians.
+
+The last month of the second year of the war witnessed the beginning of
+the "big push" in the west, the Russian advance in the east, the retreat
+of the Austrians in the Trentino, and the beginning of the Italians'
+successful thrust upon the Isonzo.
+
+It is with these major military operations of the year with which
+Raemaekers' cartoons on the following pages deal.
+
+He did not neglect to record, however, many of the minor happenings. The
+various and devious peace moves of the enemy did not escape his comment
+nor did the cold blooded murders of Nurse Cavell and Captain Fryatt. He
+has recorded also many examples of German Zeppelin Ruthlessness and
+German Piracy on the sea. Notable amongst the latter is the _Sussex_
+crime and its subsequent diplomatic developments, which were to play
+such an important part in America's entry into the war.
+
+    J. M. A.
+
+
+
+
+VOLUME TWO
+
+
+
+
+_THE ANNIVERSARY, AUGUST, 1915_
+
+_Bernhardi_: "_Have we not surpassed your most sanguine expectations?_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Total losses amongst all belligerents during first year of war:
+
+      _Killed_     _Wounded_ _Missing and_       _Total_
+                               _Prisoners_
+
+     3,026,713     5,768,994     2,673,188    11,528,895
+
+
+
+    _Nineteenth Century and After._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_KING ALBERT'S ANSWER TO THE POPE_
+
+"_With him who broke his word, devastated my country, burned my
+villages, destroyed my towns, desecrated my churches, and murdered my
+people, I will not make peace before he is expelled from my country and
+punished for his crimes._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Today, on the sad anniversary of the terrible conflict, our heart gives
+forth the wish that the war will soon end. We raise again our voice to
+utter a fatherly cry for peace. May this cry, dominating the frightful
+noise of arms, reach the warring peoples and their chiefs and induce
+kindly and more serene intentions.
+
+    _From the Papal Peace Appeal,
+    August 1, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_A STABLE PEACE_
+
+_The Kaiser_: "_And remember, if they do not accept it, I deny it
+altogether_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+That the Dardanelles and Galicia had been offered by Berlin to
+Petrograd; that Egypt was asked for Turkey, and that the mediation of
+the Pope was desired on the basis of the restitution of Belgium, were
+some of the reports which gained currency between Aug. 5, the date of
+the fall of Warsaw, and Aug. 12, when the Novoe Vremya of Petrograd
+confirmed the rumors of German overtures for a separate peace with
+Russia.
+
+Almost simultaneously from Petrograd and from Milan announcements that,
+after the capture of Warsaw, Germany was seriously engaged in
+preliminary negotiations for the establishment of a peace were
+published.
+
+Besides Galicia and the Dardanelles, the Novoe Vremya said, Germany
+would guarantee the integrity of the Russian frontiers, at the same time
+stipulating for Egypt on the pretext of ceding that country to Turkey,
+and for a free hand to deal with Russia's allies. The report declared
+that these offers were rejected by the Czar's Government.
+
+    "_Current History_,"
+    _New York._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THROWN TO THE SWINE_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+On August 5, 1915, Miss Cavell, an English woman, directress of a large
+nursing home at Brussels, was quietly arrested by the German authorities
+and confined in the prison of St. Gilles on the charge that she had
+aided stragglers from the Allied Armies to escape across the frontier
+from Belgium to Holland, furnishing them with money, clothing and
+information concerning the route to be followed.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+We reminded him (Baron Von der Lancken) of the burning of Louvain and
+the sinking of the _Lusitania_, and told him that this murder would stir
+all civilized countries with horror and disgust. Count Harrach broke in
+at this with the rather irrelevant remark that he would rather see Miss
+Cavell shot than have harm come to one of the humblest German soldiers,
+and his only regret was that they had not "three or four English old
+women to shoot."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The day brought forth another loathsome fact in connection with the
+case. It seems the sentence of Miss Cavell was not pronounced in open
+court. Her executioners, apparently in hope of concealing their
+intentions from us, went into her cell and there behind locked doors
+pronounced sentence upon her. It is all a piece with the other things
+they have done.
+
+    HUGH GIBSON,
+
+    _First Secretary of the American
+    Legation at Brussels._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE MARTYRED NURSE_
+
+_William_: "_Now you can bring me the American protest_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Even when I was ready to abandon all hope, Leval was unable to believe
+that the German authorities would persist in their decision, and
+appealed most touchingly and feelingly to the sense of pity for which we
+looked in vain.
+
+    HUGH GIBSON,
+    _First Secretary American
+    Legation at Brussels_.
+
+
+To condemn any human being, even if he were the vilest criminal, at 5
+o'clock in the afternoon and execute him at 2 A. M. was an act of
+barbarism for which no possible condemnation is adequate.
+
+Under these circumstances, it would be incredible, if the facts were not
+beyond dispute, that the request of the United States for a little delay
+was not only brutally refused, _but that our Legation was deliberately
+misled and deceived until the death sentence had been inflicted_.
+
+    JAMES M. BECK
+    _In_ "_New York Times_."
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE YELLOW BOOK_
+
+"_Unmasked_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The publication of the French Government Yellow Book in August dealing
+with the diplomatic events which led up to the war proved that whilst
+Germany was assuring the nations of her peaceful intentions she was
+secretly preparing for war.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_U'S_
+
+_His Majesty_: "_Well, Tirpitz, you've sunk a great many?_"
+
+_Tirpitz_: "_Yes, sire, here is another U coming down._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+On August 26, 1915, Squadron-Commander A. W. Bigsworth destroyed
+single-handed, a German submarine by bombs from his aeroplane off Ostend
+on the coast of Belgium.
+
+The British Admiralty said in reference to this episode:
+
+"It is not the practice of the Admiralty to publish statements regarding
+the losses of German submarines, important though they have been, in
+cases where the enemy have no other sources of information as to the
+time and place at which these losses have occurred. In the case referred
+to above, however, the brilliant feat of Squadron-Commander Bigsworth
+was performed in the immediate neighbourhood of the coast in occupation
+of the enemy, and the position of the sunken submarine has been located
+by a German destroyer."
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_Pallas Athene: "Has it come to this?"_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+When, on Sept. 21, after the Bulgarian mobilization had begun, M.
+Venizelos, who was then Prime Minister of Greece, asked France and
+ourselves for 150,000 men, it was on the express understanding that
+Greece would mobilize also. Greece did, in fact, mobilize under his
+direction on Sept. 24, but it was not until Oct. 2 that M. Venizelos
+found himself able to agree to the landing of British and French troops
+under the formal protest, a merely formal protest, which he had already
+made to the French Government. On Oct. 4--I wish these dates to be borne
+in mind--M. Venizelos announced what had happened to the Greek Chamber,
+and at the same time declared that Greece must abide by her treaty with
+Serbia. The next day the King repudiated the declaration and then M.
+Venizelos resigned. The new Government which succeeded declined to
+recognize that a casus foederis had arisen between Greece and Serbia, in
+spite of our constant insistence that Greece should make common cause
+with Serbia, and the new Greek Government, while declaring their desire
+to remain on friendly terms with the Allies, declined to depart from
+their attitude of neutrality.
+
+    H. H. ASQUITH, _House of Commons_,
+    _November 2, 1915_.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE NEXT TO BE KICKED OUT_
+
+_Dumba's Master_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+By reason of the admitted purpose and intent of Mr. Dumba to conspire to
+cripple legitimate industries of the people of the United States and to
+interrupt their legitimate trade and by reason of the flagrant violation
+of diplomatic propriety in employing an American citizen protected by an
+American passport as a secret bearer of official dispatches through the
+lines of the enemy of Austria-Hungary, the President directs me to
+inform your Excellency that Mr. Dumba is no longer acceptable to the
+Government of the United States as the Ambassador of his Imperial
+Majesty at Washington.
+
+    _Official American Note Requesting the Recall of_
+    MR. DUMBA, _the Austro-Hungarian Ambassador._
+
+    _September, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_SEPTEMBER, 1914, AND SEPTEMBER, 1915_
+
+_The Crown Prince, 1914_: "_Now the war begins as we like it._"
+
+_The Crown Prince, 1915_: "_But this is not as I wished it to
+continue._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Towards the end of September, 1916, the British and French Armies began
+an attack upon the German forces at Loos and in the Champagne. During
+five days' fighting, over 25,000 prisoners and 125 guns were captured by
+the Allies.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_IDYLLIC NEUTRALITY_
+
+_A daily smuggling scene on the Dutch frontier_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Neutral countries whose frontiers march with those of Germany have
+rendered enormous aid to the Central Powers by the supply of materials
+and food. The general practice of evasion has been to smuggle home
+produce of all sorts for which high prices were forthcoming and use for
+local consumption similar products imported from other countries over
+seas. The imports of many lines of merchandise into Holland alone are
+known to have increased from fifty to one hundred per cent. compared
+with pre-war figures.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_WHAT SHOULD WE DO WITHOUT MICHAEL?_
+
+_Michael_: "_For my 100 Marks I obtained a receipt. I gave this for
+second 100 Marks and I received a second receipt. For the third loan I
+gave the second receipt. Have I invested 300 Marks and has the
+Government got 300, or have both of us got nothing?_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+If we desire the possibility of shaping a peace in accordance with our
+needs and our vital requirements, we must not forget the question of
+cost. We must see to it that the whole future livelihood of our people
+shall, so far as is in any way possible, be relieved of the burden. The
+leaden weight of thousands of millions is due to the people who got up
+this war. They, not we, shall drag it along with them. Of course, we
+know that this is a matter of peculiar difficulty, but everything that
+can be done in this direction shall be done.
+
+We are paying the money almost exclusively to ourselves, whilst the
+enemy is paying its loans abroad, a guarantee that in the future we
+shall maintain the advantage.
+
+    DR. HELFFERICH,
+    _Reichstag, September, 1915._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_WE DON'T UNDERSTAND THIS LOAN GAME_
+
+_(In Germany there is a game by which children passing a coin from one
+to another are supposed to, but do not, get richer.)_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+German statesmen and editors make a boast of the fact that so far they
+have not raised any war funds by taxation. That is true, but they are
+pursuing the far less commendable course of raising the money by loans
+and by "hanky-panky" manipulations of currency paper. Dr. Helfferich,
+the Imperial Minister of Finance, recently admitted that he dared not
+impose further taxation, and it is a fair inference that he knew any
+such proposals would be futile--that the burdens of the German taxpayers
+are already as heavy as they can bear.
+
+    _The Nineteenth Century and After._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE GERMAN LOAN_
+
+"_Don't breathe on the bubble or the whole will collapse_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The German war loans have been subscribed mainly by the great companies
+of Germany; by the Savings Banks, the Banks, the Life and Fire Insurance
+and Accident Insurance Companies, etc.
+
+Furthermore, these loans have been pyramided; that is to say, a man who
+subscribed and paid for one hundred thousand marks of loan number one
+could, when loan number two was called for, take the bonds he had bought
+of loan number one to his bank and on his agreement to spend the
+proceeds in subscribing to loan number two, borrow from the bank eighty
+thousand marks on the security of his first loan bonds, and so on.
+
+    JAMES W. GERARD _in_
+    "_My Four Years in Germany._"
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+"_Wounded First_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The Allan Liner _Hesperian_ was torpedoed by a German submarine in the
+English Channel on the 4th September, 1915; on board were a number of
+invalided Canadian troops. British admiralty patrol boats were quickly
+on the spot and succeeded in saving all the passengers and crew with the
+exception of eight souls.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE MORNING PAPER_:--"_GREAT NEWS_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The Press Bureau of the War Office announces that a fleet of hostile
+airships visited the eastern counties and a portion of the London area
+last night and dropped bombs.
+
+The following military casualties, in addition to the one announced last
+night, have been reported: Fourteen killed and thirteen wounded.
+
+The Home Office announces the following casualties other than the
+military casualties reported above: Killed--Men, 27; women, 9; children,
+5; total, 41. Injured--Men, 64; women, 30; children, 7; total, 101.
+
+Of these casualties 32 killed and 95 injured were in the London area,
+and these figures include those announced last night.
+
+    _London, October, 1915._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_VAN TROMP AND DE REUTER_
+
+"_So long as you permit Zeppelins to cross our land you surely should
+cease to boast of our deeds._
+
+_(Whenever a Dutchman wishes to speak of the great past of his country
+he calls to mind the names of these heroes.)_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Many of the Zeppelins that raided English towns and villages crossed
+over Holland leaving and returning to their bases in Germany. This was
+held to be a violation of the neutrality of Holland and "pro-Ally"
+Dutchmen endeavored to make the question an international one.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE MARSHES OF PINSK_
+
+_The Kaiser_: "_When the leaves fall you'll have peace._"--_They have._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The last of the great Austro-German strokes had failed, and before the
+beginning of October, 1915, the line of the enemy in the east was
+established precisely where it was to be found unchanged until the great
+offensive delivered upon its southern part by the Russians in the
+beginning of June, 1916. Lord Kitchener put the matter simply and in
+words the accuracy of which could be gauged by the exasperation they
+caused at Berlin, when he said that the enemy had now in the East "shot
+his bolt." It was a phrase exactly true. The expense in men, the
+difficulty of bringing up munitionment; the entry into territories with
+worse roads and less opportunities of supply; the fact that the line now
+reached was cut by the great belt of marshes in the centre--all these
+things between them brought the great adventure to a stand.
+
+    HILAIRE BELLOC.
+    _in Land and Water._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+"_Cheer up, Austria, you have Germans and Bulgarians to help you this
+time_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Until October, 1915, the Austro-Hungarian forces entrusted with the
+invasion and subjection of Serbia had failed in their objectives.
+
+After an initial success the armies of the Dual Empire met with several
+defeats and were finally driven across the Danube. At the beginning of
+the year the Serbian campaign was abandoned and Field Marshal Pottionek
+in command of the Austrian Armies was removed from his post.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_FERDINAND, THE CHAMELEON_
+
+"_I was a Catholic, but needing Russian help, I became a Greek Orthodox.
+Now I need the Austrians I again become Catholic. Should things turn out
+badly I can again revert to Greek Orthodoxy._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Bulgaria must fight at the victor's side. The Germans and
+Austro-Hungarians are victorious on all fronts. Russia soon will have
+collapsed entirely. Then will come the turn of France, Italy, and
+Serbia. Bulgaria would commit suicide if she did not fight on the side
+of the central powers, which offer the only possibility of realizing her
+desire for union of all Bulgarian peoples.
+
+In the beginning none could foresee how events would develop and which
+side would be victorious. If the Government had resolved to participate
+in the great war it might have committed the fault of joining the side
+that would have been beaten, and thus jeopardize the existence of the
+present Bulgarian Empire.
+
+    _From Bulgarian Manifesto.
+    October, 1915._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_SERBIA. AUTUMN, 1915_
+
+"_Now we can make an end of him_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The Balkan campaign is the easiest task ever intrusted to an army
+leader. If the present plan is carried out it will be impossible for the
+Allies to escape capture or disaster, and the only real military task is
+to accomplish all this with the smallest possible loss to ourselves.
+
+Even with the greatest force the Anglo-French Governments can muster the
+Germanic armies will outnumber them two to one, while the Austro-German
+artillery is in the proportion of five to one.
+
+    _The Azest, Budapest,
+    October, 1915._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_OCTOBER IN SERBIA_
+
+_(October in Holland is called the "butcher's month," as the flocks are
+then killed preparatory to the winter.)_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+On October 7th, 1915, an army of 400,000 Austrians, Hungarians and
+Germans forced the Danube and commenced the great drive on Serbia; by
+the 10th the invaders had captured Belgrade. At the same moment the
+Bulgarians in great force attacked the Serbians on their right flank and
+by the 28th joined forces with the Teutonic troops.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE KAISER COUNTS THE BAG_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+On October 13, 1915, about 9:30 at night, fire opened from the skies on
+the centre of London. That same evening parts of the Eastern Counties
+were attacked. In London alone 32 were killed and 95 injured, and the
+total casualties for the whole area of the raid that night were 56
+killed and 113 wounded. A number of houses were damaged, and several
+fires started. Most of the victims were ordinary working folk, doing
+their ordinary work. Motor omnibus conductors died in the street, a
+messenger boy was killed when delivering a message, a potman died at his
+work, a caterer was killed while returning from a Masonic lodge, a
+carman's daughter was injured in the legs and lingered until the next
+morning, a waitress was done to death while returning from a Young
+Women's Guild, and so on.
+
+    _Times History of the War._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+"_THE ENTRY INTO CONSTANTINOPLE_"
+
+_The Kaiser_: "_Who is this man?_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The German Emperor will spend Christmas in Constantinople at the head of
+his victorious troops.
+
+    _The Pesti-Napols, Budapest.
+    October, 1915._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_GO TO YOUR HEREDITARY ENEMY, BULGARIA_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+It must not be forgotten that Greece is an independent nation that
+disposes of its fate in full sovereignty. The Austro-German attack on
+Serbia releases Greece at least from the obligation of armed
+intervention, and independent of that attack it is materially impossible
+for Serbia to give Greece the support of 150,000 men stipulated in the
+treaty in case of war with Bulgaria, the Entente powers have not
+furnished a contingent equivalent.
+
+    _Grecian Note of October 26, 1915._
+
+
+I deplored the fact that Serbia is being left to be crushed by Bulgaria,
+Greece's hereditary enemy, who will not scruple later to fall on Greece
+herself.
+
+    _From speech of_ VENIZELOS
+    _before dissolution of his Government._
+    _November 3, 1915._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+"_THEY BOWED THE KNEE BEFORE HIM_"
+
+_The extermination of Armenian Christians, Autumn of 1915_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+These atrocities had as their deliberate object the extermination of the
+Armenian race, and it is not difficult to assess the guilt. The guilt
+lay with the Young Turkish Government at Constantinople and with the
+local officials who acted in collusion with them. But there was a
+greater criminal even than the Young Turkish Government, for behind
+Turkey stood the country that was Turkey's ally and the dominant partner
+in the policy she pursued. There was a considerable variation in the
+conduct of individual Germans in Turkey. The German missionaries seem to
+have stood laudably by their principles, and the German Vice-Consul at
+Erzerum is said to have sent the exiles relief. But in the Aleppo
+province and Cilicia the German officials, both military and civil,
+threw themselves actively into the Young Turks' scheme; at Moush and Van
+German officers are believed to have participated directly in the
+slaughter, and at Erzerum they are reported to have taken their share of
+the Armenian girls.
+
+    _Times History of the War._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_DRIVEN FROM THE TEMPLE OF HUMANITY_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+If the Porte considers it necessary that Armenian insurrections can
+either go on or should be crushed so as to exclude all possibility of
+their repetition, then there is no murder and no atrocity, but simply
+measures of a justifiable and a necessary kind.
+
+    COUNT VON REVENTLOW.
+
+
+I was asked last night to define German militarism, and there is the
+definition (above) in the devilish spirit of such a judgment and excuse
+for the cowardly massacre of 800,000 human beings, not all men, but
+thousands of women and children.
+
+    T. P. O'CONNOR, M.P.
+    _House of Commons,
+    London, November 16, 1915._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE OLD SERB_
+
+"_Fighting with the Bulgarians against the Turk I lost my brothers, my
+sons fell fighting with the Greeks against Bulgaria, but only when the
+Germans came were my wife and children killed._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+In the three districts of Polzerie, Matchva, and Yadar, the various
+kinds of death and torture inflicted were apportioned as follows:
+
+                                                          _Males_ _Females_
+  Victims shot                                                345        64
+  Victims killed with knives                                  113        27
+  Victims hanged                                                7         6
+  Victims massacred and clubbed to death with sticks and       48        26
+          butt-ends of rifles
+  Victims disemboweled                                          2         4
+  Victims burned alive                                         35        96
+  Victims pinioned and robbed                                  52        12
+  Victims whose arms were cut off, torn off, or broken          5         1
+  Victims whose legs were cut off or broken                     3         0
+  Victims whose noses were cut off                             28         6
+  Victims whose ears were cut off                              31         7
+  Victims whose eyes were put out                              30        38
+  Victims whose genital organs were mutilated                   3         3
+  Victims whose skin was cut in strips, or portions of         15         3
+          their face detached
+  Victims stoned                                               12         1
+  Victims whose breasts were cut off                            0         2
+  Victims cut in pieces                                        17        16
+  Victims beheaded                                              1         0
+  Little girl thrown to the pigs                                0         1
+  Victims killed without the manner of their deaths           240         5
+  being specified
+
+    _Serbian Government Report_,
+    PROFESSOR R. A. REISS,
+    _University of Lausanne,
+    Switzerland_.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_NEW PEACE OFFERS_
+
+_Von Bethmann-Hollweg_: "_The worst of it is, I must always deny having
+been there._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+In reality none of our enemies has approached us with suggestions of
+peace. Our enemies have rather considered it to their interest to
+attribute to us falsely offers of peace. Both facts have the same
+explanation--self-deception beyond compare, which we would only make
+worse if we approached them with peace proposals, instead of waiting for
+them to come to us.
+
+    VON BETHMANN-HOLLWEG.
+    _Reichstag, December 5, 1915._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_FERDINAND S'EN VA T'EN GUERRE NE SAIT S'IL REVIENDRA_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+In true comradeship the glorious triumphal march of your Majesty's
+nation in arms began, which, under the guidance of its illustrious War
+Lord, has added one sublime leaf of glory to another in the history of
+Bulgaria. In order to give visible expression to my feelings for such
+deeds, and to the feelings of all Germany, I have begged your Majesty to
+accept the dignity of Prussian Field Marshal, and I am, with my army,
+happy that you, by accepting it, also in this sense _have become one of
+us_.
+
+    _The_ GERMAN EMPEROR _to_
+    KING FERDINAND _of Bulgaria
+    at Nish, Serbia, December, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE VOICE OF THE PEOPLE_
+
+_The Kaiser_: "_Don't bother about your people, 'Tino. They must do what
+we say._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The Venizelist "Patris" took another view of the situation on the same
+date:
+
+Only those who are unable to foresee things, or who are panic-stricken,
+would be unable to foretell the evolution of the events immediately
+following the Austro-German attack on Serbia. The Central Empires, not
+disposing enough troops for this campaign, needed the Bulgars, with whom
+they associated; but they also needed the neutrality of Greece, because
+without it Bulgaria would be unable to cooperate with them, as she would
+have to defend herself against Greece. In order to secure Bulgar help,
+the Austro-Germans used the method of compensation. The whole of Serbian
+Macedonia, a part of Old Serbia, an exit on the Adriatic Sea,
+concessions at the expense of Turkey--all this was a part of the
+national problem of the Bulgarian lust of conquest. It was in this way
+that the Bulgarians undertook the assassin's job of striking Serbia from
+behind. In order to secure the neutrality of Greece, the Austro-Germans
+resorted to the Prussian method of terrorism, inasmuch as no other
+concessions and compensations were at hand. Both methods have been
+equally successful.
+
+    _The Athens "Patris" Current History.
+    Special Staff Correspondence. December, 1915._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_TRUTH_
+
+_As painted by the German Chancellor_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+It is well known that France granted loans to Russia only under the
+condition that it develop its Polish fortresses and railroads against
+us; also that England and France regarded Belgium as their route of
+advance against us. We must protect ourselves politically and militarily
+against this, and also insure our economic development.
+
+As I said on Aug. 19, we are not the ones who are threatening the small
+nations. We are battling in this struggle, forced upon us, not to
+subjugate foreign nations, but to protect our life and freedom. This war
+remains for the German Government what it was in the beginning and what
+has been maintained in every pronunciamento--a defensive war of the
+German Nation for its future.
+
+    VON BETHMANN-HOLLWEG.
+    _Reichstag, December 9, 1915._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE EVACUATION OF GALLIPOLI_
+
+"_What are you firing at? The British left twenty-four hours ago!_"
+
+"_Sorry, Sir--and what a glorious victory._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The enemy were completely deceived. On the afternoon of December 20,
+1915, a vigorous attack was begun in the Cape Helles area against some
+trenches at the head of the Krithia ravine. With the help of fire from
+warships, the trenches were taken with small loss, and held against
+counter-attacks delivered that night. This operation helped to divert
+the enemy's attention. At 3.30 A. M. on the morning of December 21 a
+huge mine was exploded by the Anzacs near Russell's Top. The Turks
+thought the Anzacs were about to attack, and for forty minutes they
+blazed away furiously with their rifles at the empty trenches. The
+Australians left many letters of farewell to the Turks, assuring them
+that they were clean fighters and that the Australians hoped to meet
+them again.
+
+    _Times History of the War._
+
+
+The retirement from Gallipoli was one of the finest operations in
+military or naval history. It will take an imperishable place in our
+national history.
+
+    H. H. ASQUITH, _Prime Minister,
+    House of Commons, January 10, 1916_.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_CHRISTMAS, 1916_
+
+"_The holy war is at the door_"
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_NEW YEAR'S FEAST OF KULTUR_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The British Liner _Persia_ was sunk by a German submarine on December
+30, 1915, southeast of Crete, while on her way to the Orient. American
+Consul McNeeley, on his way to his post at Arden, was among the 335
+persons who lost their lives, of which two or more were Americans.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE POILU_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+We are not going to grow weary. France has confidence because you are
+there. How often have I heard your officers say: "Never, in any age,
+have we had a finer army. Never have men been better trained, braver,
+more heroic than ours!" Everywhere that I have seen you I have felt
+myself tremble with admiration and hope. You will conquer. The year now
+opening will bring you, my friends, the pride of finishing the defeat of
+the enemy, the joy of returning to your homes, and the sweetness of
+celebrating the victory there amid those you love.
+
+    _The President of France
+    to French Troops, January, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE TRIALS OF A COURT PAINTER_
+
+"_I commenced this as the entry into Paris, but I must finish it as the
+entry into Nish_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Hail Emperor, Cæsar and King! Thou art victor and glorious. In ancient
+Nish all the peoples of the East salute thee, the redeemer, bringing to
+the oppressed prosperity and salvation.
+
+    KING FERDINAND OF BULGARIA
+    TO THE GERMAN EMPEROR
+    _On the occasion of the
+    triumphal entry of the two
+    Monarchs into Nish. January, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_VON DER GOLTZ GOES TO THE PROMISED LAND_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+In January, 1916, Field Marshal Baron von der Goltz was appointed
+commander in chief of the Turkish Armies in the Caucasus. The serious
+nature of the Turkish situation in the Caucasus seems to have been
+realised in Berlin but the veteran German general was unable to stem the
+advance of the victorious Russians who were shortly afterwards to
+capture the great fortress of Erzerum with its entire garrison, guns and
+supplies.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE BURIAL OF PRIVATE WALKER_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+On September 9, 1914, Joseph Walker enlisted for the duration of the
+war; on January 11, 1916, the sea bore his dead body to the dyke at West
+Capelle. This afternoon, at 1 P.M., while the northwest wind whistled
+over Walcheren, the English soldier was buried in the churchyard of West
+Capelle.
+
+First the vice-consul in the name of England spread the British flag
+over him who for England had sacrificed his young life. Four men of West
+Capelle carried the coffin outside and placed it at the foot of the
+tower, that old gray giant, which has witnessed so much world's woe,
+here opposite the sea. It was a simple, but touching ceremony.
+
+"Man that is born of a woman hath but a short time to live.... He cometh
+forth like a flower and is cut down." Thus spoke the voice of the
+minister and the wind carried his words, and the wind played with the
+flag of England, the flag that flies over all seas, in Flanders, in
+France, in the Balkans, in Egypt, as the symbol of threatened
+freedom--the flag whose folds here covered a fallen warrior.
+
+And in the roaring storm we went our way. There was he carried, the
+soldier come to rest, and the flag fluttered in the wind and wrapped
+itself round that son of England. Then the coffin sank into the ground
+and the hearts of us, the departing witnesses, were sore. Earth fell on
+it, and the preacher said: "Earth to earth, dust to dust."
+
+    _From the Amsterdam Telegraaf,
+    January, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_"COME AND BE HAPPY AT POTSDAM"_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The little Kingdom of Montenegro was conquered by the Austrians in
+January, 1916. Although the Austrians were present in overwhelming
+force, a substantial part of the Montenegrin Army were able to escape
+and join the Serbs who were in Albania.
+
+Upon the fall of Montenegro, the Kaiser invited the King to accept
+German hospitality in Berlin. The King refused and escaped to France,
+taking up his residence at Lyon.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_TOM THUMB AND THE GIANT_
+
+"_Come and save me, you know I am fond of children_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+On February 1, 1916, the small fishing trawler _King Stephen_ from
+Grimsby found the German Zeppelin L 19 floating in the North Sea with
+her crew clinging to her. The captain of the trawler refused to take the
+crew of the Zeppelin on board his boat, fearing he would be overpowered
+and captured. His action caused a great outcry in Germany,
+notwithstanding the fact that the Zeppelin was doubtless responsible for
+the death of many women and children in England and had actually dropped
+a bomb on a steamer during the previous night and left the crew to
+perish.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_ON THE WAY TO BAGDAD_
+
+"_Halt_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The assault on the forts (Erzerum) and the principal position lasted
+from February 11 till February 15 inclusive. After we had taken the
+forts on the left flank of the principal Turkish line of defense,
+extending about 27 miles, the fate of the forts in the centre and on the
+right flank, and, after them, of the second line forts and the principal
+defensive position, was decided on February 16 after short attacks.
+These fortifications, which were full of Turkish dead, remained in our
+possession.
+
+During the assault on the fortress several Turkish regiments were
+annihilated or made prisoners with all their officers. On the line of
+forts alone we took 197 pieces of artillery of various calibres in good
+condition. In the defence works of the central fortress we took another
+126 pieces of artillery. In the fortified region of Erzerum we took a
+large number of depôts of various kinds, which have already been
+mentioned by the Headquarter Staff. The exact number of Turkish
+prisoners is 235 officers and 12,753 men.
+
+    _Russian Official Report on
+    the Capture of Erzerum._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE HOLY WAR_
+
+_The Turk_: "_But he is so great._"
+
+_William_: "_No one is great save Allah and I am his Prophet._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+About the time Turkey became involved in the war a telegram was
+published as having been sent from Kaiser Wilhelm to the Crown Prince
+announcing with evident satisfaction that the supreme Moslem authorities
+at Constantinople had given their sanction to the declaration of a Holy
+War against Russia, England, and France "as oppressors of the Moslems."
+At one time it looked as though the aspirations implied by this message
+might be carried out. There was a mutiny at Singapore in which Moslem
+troops were implicated; there were outbreaks in the Italian Tripolitana
+and among the Senoussi tribesmen on the western border of Egypt; there
+was at least a threat against the Suez Canal, from the direction of
+Beersheba, and there was, or seemed to be, the possibility of a
+pro-German uprising in Persia. The advance of the Russians from the
+Caspian has dissipated this last possibility; the Suez Canal is no
+longer even threatened; the Senoussi have given their submission.
+Finally, from India, from Sultan Mohammed Aga Khan, who is the spiritual
+head of the many million Moslems in India, comes a declaration which
+shows that the hopes of a holy war, as it seems to have been expected in
+Germany, were never anything more than a myth.
+
+    "_Current History_," _New York._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_The Kaiser_: "_Your ruthlessness has failed, Tirpitz; I must pin my
+faith to Count Zeppelin._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The ruthless submarine policy introduced by von Tirpitz earlier in the
+war and which was guaranteed to "bring proud Albion to her knees" had
+completely failed in its object by Spring, 1916. After a bitter fight
+between von Tirpitz and his opponents of whom the chief was the
+Chancellor himself, the Admiral on March 16, 1916, resigned his office
+of Secretary of State for the Imperial Navy.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_GOTT STRAFE ENGLAND_
+
+_"Father says I must do the same with France"_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+We have seen that corps were specially called back to the interior of
+Germany for reposing, training and even feeding calculated towards the
+end in view. Light railways were built upon every side. Heavy artillery
+was concentrated to the number of over one thousand pieces--all that
+could be spared--and slowly massed in the woods by Spincourt, and an
+immense head of shell accumulated during the four winter months. The
+unfit were thoroughly combed out and every possible man taken to swell
+the German effectives. Class 1916 after some four months' training was
+sent forward to the local depots behind the front with the object of
+throwing it into the fighting the moment the losses should become
+serious. Class 1917 began to be called out (in the month of December).
+On the 19th of February, 1916, the first shots of the intensive
+bombardment against the Verdun sector were fired, and on Monday the 21st
+of February the great German offensive was launched.
+
+    HILAIRE BELLOC.
+    _in Land and Water._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_William_: "_You lead new Regiments upon Verdun, whilst I weep over the
+losses of the old ones._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Of the German Corps known to have been engaged the 3rd and 18th Corps
+have been entirely used up, or "spent," as the military phrase goes. The
+7th Reserve Corps has lost half, and the 15th Corps three-quarters, of
+its available strengths. The German forces had by the evening of March 3
+"used up," in addition to those already mentioned, a part of the 113th
+Division, the 5th Reserve Corps, and the Bavarian Ersatz Division,
+without taking into account the losses of other reinforcements, whose
+presence on the battlefield has not yet been definitely ascertained.
+
+None of the prisoners questioned estimated the losses suffered by their
+companies at less than one-third of the total effectives. Taking into
+account all available indications, it may safely be assumed that, during
+the fighting of the last 13 days, the Germans have lost in killed,
+wounded, and prisoners at least 100,000 men.
+
+    LORD NORTHCLIFFE'S _Despatch
+    from Verdun, March 4, 1916_
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+"_NOBODY SEES ME, SO I CAN ALWAYS DENY IT._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+In March, 1916, a great neutral passenger ship, the Dutch Liner
+_Tubantia_, was sunk in the North Sea. All the passengers and crew were
+saved with one exception. The Dutch Government protested to the German
+Government which disclaimed all responsibility, stating that the
+explosion which sunk the vessel must have been due to a British mine.
+During the Dutch Government's investigation members of the crew
+testified to having seen the wake of a torpedo although no submarine was
+observed. Evidence was produced which indicated that the _Tubantia_ was
+the victim of a submarine attack.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_PAN GERMANICUS AS PEACE MAKER_
+
+_The Dove_: "_They say they do not want peace as they have time
+enough._"
+
+_The Eagle_: "_Alas! That is just what we haven't got._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Gentlemen, I have spoken candidly. I have been able to say openly that
+we desire peace, because the German Nation is sufficiently strong, and
+because it is resolved to continue the fight in defense of home and
+country should its enemies not wish for peace.
+
+The Imperial Chancellor knows that the whole world is waiting in
+breathless expectation his reply to our interpellation. I trust that he
+will find the redeeming words, and that he will express his readiness to
+enter into peace negotiations.
+
+    PHILIP SCHEIDEMANN,
+    _Chairman German Socialist Party,
+    Reichstag, March, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+"_We have only come to see that the English don't threaten you._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The Germans left no stones unturned to influence the Dutch in their
+favor. They deluged the newspaper offices with free propaganda,
+telegraphed at great expense from Berlin, and supplied free copies of
+the Berlin Journals. Everything possible was to spread distrust of the
+English, who were constantly accused of having designs on the integrity
+of Holland and of desiring to take possession of the Scheldt. This was
+carried so far that a panic was created on March 31, 1916, by the report
+of landing of the Entente forces in Zeeland. The report, which was
+without any foundation, was circulated by the Germans and spread like
+wild fire around the country.
+
+    _The Times History of the War._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_HOHENZOLLERN MADNESS_
+
+_The storming of Dead Man's Hill_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+We figure that the attempt to rush this important position (their object
+was to capture Le Mort Homme, in order to render untenable the key
+sector of Pepper Hill and Douaumont) cost the Germans fully 30,000 men,
+of whom an unusually high proportion were killed, owing to their
+inability to succor and save the slightly wounded.
+
+Perhaps now the enemy will realize that he has reached a stalemate, for
+the abrupt breakdown of yesterday's attempt against Vaux and Douaumont
+proves once more it is impossible to advance there while we hold Le Mort
+Homme, and the latter must seem to be impregnable.
+
+    _French Official Eyewitness.
+    March 26, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_"MY SON LIES HERE, WHERE ARE YOURS?"_
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+THE OLD POILU
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Soldiers of the Army of Verdun! For three weeks you have been exposed to
+the most formidable assaults yet attempted against us by the enemy.
+Germany counted upon the success of this effort, which she believed to
+be irresistible, and to which she has devoted her best troops and her
+most powerful artillery. She hoped that the capture of Verdun would
+revive the courage of her allies and would convince neutral countries of
+German superiority. She had reckoned without you. Night and day, despite
+a bombardment without precedent, you have resisted all attacks and
+maintained our positions. The struggle is not yet at an end, for the
+Germans require a victory. You will succeed in wresting it from them. We
+have munitions and reserves in abundance; but, above all, you have
+indomitable courage and faith in the destinies of the Republic. The eyes
+of the country are upon you. You will be among those of whom it will be
+said: they barred the road to Verdun to the Germans.
+
+    GENERAL JOFFRE _to
+    the French Army at Verdun,
+    March, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_"GERMAN CHIVALRY ON THE SEA"_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The British Submarine _E13_ ran aground on the Danish Island of Saltholm
+within the three mile limit. Whilst in this helpless position, unable to
+attack or to defend herself she was shelled by a large German destroyer.
+Of her crew of thirty, fifteen were killed.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE ETERNAL BARRAGE_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The British Official Press Bureau reports the German casualties during
+February, 1916, at 35,198, of whom 10,211 were killed or died either of
+wounds or sickness; 2,017 missing, 5,217 severely wounded, 1,340
+prisoners, 11,865 slightly wounded. The German casualties during March,
+including the slaughter at Verdun and the sanguinary struggles in the
+eastern theatre, are estimated at 175,000. This estimate, added to the
+previous reports, swell the German losses since the beginning of the
+war--including all German nationalities: Prussians, Bavarians, Saxons,
+and Württembergers, but excluding naval and colonial casualties--to the
+grand total of 2,842,372, of which number about 660,000 were killed and
+died of wounds, 40,000 died of sickness, 120,000 are prisoners, 220,000
+are missing, 365,000 are severely wounded, 265,000 wounded, about
+1,050,000 slightly wounded, 140,000 wounded remaining with units. The
+number killed in action, estimating one-half the missing as killed, is
+over 25 per cent. of the total.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_VON BETHMANN-HOLLWEG'S PEACE SONG_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+This new Europe in many respects cannot resemble the past. The blood
+which has been shed will never be repaid, and the wealth which has been
+destroyed can only slowly be replaced. But, whatever else this Europe
+may be, it must be for the nations that inhabit it a land of peaceful
+labor. The peace which shall end this war shall be a lasting peace. It
+must not bear the germ of new wars, but must provide for a peaceful
+arrangement of European questions.
+
+    VON BETHMANN-HOLLWEG.
+    _Reichstag, April 5, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+"_WHY, I HAVE KILLED YOU TWICE AND YOU DARE TO COME BACK AGAIN!_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The capture of Trebizond, the most important Turkish city on the Black
+Sea, marks another important step in Russia's historic campaign in Asia
+Minor. After a sanguinary battle at Kara Dera on April 14 the Grand
+Duke's troops broke through the fierce resistance of the Turks and, with
+the cooperation of the Russian Black Sea Fleet, fought their way three
+days later into the fortified city of Trebizond. With this strongest
+point on the Anatolian coast in Russian hands, the menace to the back
+door of Constantinople becomes imminent.
+
+_Current History, New York._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+"_Mais quand la voix de Dieu l'appela il se voyait seul sur la terre au
+milieu de fantomes tristes et sans nombre._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The latest estimate of German losses at Verdun is 200,000! Does the
+Kaiser, at safe distance, still "look on"? What blessing has this
+monarch of a great and productive realm brought upon his people?
+Mourning, desolation, and irremediable misery! No triumph, no victory
+can atone for such a deluge of blood and tears! That capricious
+Personage "somewhere in Heaven," whom Wilhelm calls "Unser Gott," may
+possibly resent the deliberate casting away of golden opportunities on
+the part of his crowned earthly "familiar," to whom a peaceful world was
+offered, only to be kicked aside for a battered helmet and broken sword!
+
+"Thrust in thy sickle and reap!" O Emperor of a brief and bitter day!
+The harvest of death, not life!--the harvest of curses, not blessings!
+The thousands of dead men--dead in the very strength of
+manhood--sacrificed in a holocaust on the flaming altar of the wickedest
+war the world has ever seen, may have their own story to tell to "Unser
+Gott"; so may the bereaved and wretched women whose husbands and sons
+have been torn from their arms forever.
+
+    MARIE CORELLI _in
+    The Sunday Times, London,
+    April, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE DEPORTATIONS FROM LILLE_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The attitude of England renders it increasingly difficult to feed the
+population.
+
+To lessen misery, the German authority has recently asked volunteers to
+work in the country. This offer has not had the success which was
+expected. Consequently the inhabitants will be removed by compulsion and
+transported to the country. Those removed will be sent in the interior
+of French occupied territory far behind the front, where they will be
+employed in agriculture and in no way in military work.
+
+    _German Proclamation.
+    Lille, April, 1916._
+
+
+Upon the order of General von Graevenitz and with the assistance of
+Infantry Regiment 64, sent by the German General Headquarters, about
+25,000 French, young girls from 16 to 20 years old, young women and men
+up to the age of 55 years, without distinction of social condition, were
+torn from their homes at Roubaix, Tourcoing, and Lille, pitilessly
+separated from their families, and forced to do agricultural work in the
+Departments of the Aisne and Ardennes.
+
+    _French Official Report._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE LAST THROW_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+These are not, as our enemies are pretending to believe, the last
+exertions of an exhausted nation, but the hammer blows of a strong,
+invincible people which commands sufficient reserves in men and all
+other means for the continuation of the hammer blows.
+
+    _The Prussian War Minister_,
+    GENERAL WILD VON HOHENBORN,
+    _the Reichstag, April 11, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_RUSSIA TO FRANCE_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+On the 20th of April, 1916, a number of transports arrived at Marseilles
+carrying a large number of Russian troops for the support of France. The
+troops had come by water through the East. Russian troops continued to
+arrive in France for some time afterwards.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE DEATH'S HEAD HUSSAR AT VERDUN_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+In short, with ever-ebbing vigor, the German Army is smashing its head
+against the walls of Verdun. The weight and vigor of the blows decrease,
+but the suicidal mania continues. Two months have passed since the early
+success of the German attack ended with the capture of Vaux village.
+Each resumption of the attempt to take Verdun since that time has been a
+cause for increasing wonder. What is there about this enterprise that
+has turned it into a fatal obsession, from which the German high command
+cannot escape, however great the cost of continuance?
+
+    _From the Paris Figaro.
+    April, 1915._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_SIR JUDAS CASEMENT_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+On April 24 Sir Roger Casement, a former Consul General, was captured in
+the act of trying to land German arms on the west coast of Ireland. He
+had been conveyed thither in a German submarine, with two Irish soldiers
+from German prisons. A German auxiliary cruiser loaded with 20,000
+rifles and ammunition was taken and sunk at the same time. The vessel
+was sunk by its own men, and the twenty-two German bluejackets on board
+were made prisoners....
+
+Casement had last been heard of in Germany, where he had attempted to
+induce Irish prisoners of war to join an anti-British expedition to
+Ireland. Testimony at his preliminary trial in London subsequently
+showed that on Good Friday he had landed near Tralee from the German
+submarine U-19 with a soldier named Bailey and another named Monteith.
+In "McKinna's Fort" he was seen to drop a paper containing a code and
+the words: "Await further instructions. Have decided to stay. Further
+ammunition and rifles are needed. Send another ship." The small
+collapsible boat in which he and his companions had landed also helped
+to betray them, and Casement and Bailey were arrested before they could
+get away in the automobile which was waiting for them.
+
+    _Current History, New York._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The manifesto of the Provisional Government of the Irish Republic did
+not secure the support or signature of a single elected representative
+of any section of the Irish people, or of any man who had won influence
+by public services for Ireland. Its signatories were a convicted
+dynamiter, a handful of minor poets, journalists and schoolmasters, a
+junior corporation official, and a Syndicalist leader. The movement,
+wrote Mr. Redmond, was insane and anti-patriotic: "Germany plotted it,
+Germany organized it, Germany paid for it. So far as Germany's share in
+it is concerned, it is a German invasion of Ireland, as brutal, as
+selfish, as cynical as Germany's invasion of Belgium."
+
+    _The Times History of the War._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE GRAVES OF ALL HIS HOPES_
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+"_THE SUSSEX_"
+
+"_You need cooling, my friend_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+I have deemed it my duty, therefore, to say to the Imperial German
+Government that if it is still its purpose to prosecute relentless and
+indiscriminate warfare against vessels of commerce by the use of
+submarines, notwithstanding the now demonstrated impossibility of
+conducting that warfare in accordance with what the Government of the
+United States must consider the sacred and undisputable rules of
+International Law and the universally recognized dictates of humanity,
+the Government of the United States is at last forced to the conclusion
+that there is but one course it can pursue and that unless the German
+Imperial Government should now declare and effect the abandonment of its
+present methods of warfare against passenger and freight-carrying
+vessels, this Government can have no choice but to sever diplomatic
+relations with the Government of the German Empire altogether.
+
+    PRESIDENT WILSON'S
+    _Address to Congress,
+    April 19, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+"_I THOUGHT YOU SAID YOU WERE TOO PROUD TO FIGHT!_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+This decision I have arrived at, to break off diplomatic relations with
+Germany unless her methods of submarine warfare were abandoned, with the
+keenest regret; the possibility of the action contemplated I am sure all
+thoughtful Americans will look forward to with unaffected reluctance.
+But we cannot forget that we are in some sort and by the force of
+circumstances the responsible spokesmen of the rights of humanity, and
+that we cannot remain silent while those rights seem in process of being
+swept utterly away in the maelstrom of this terrible war. We owe it to a
+due regard for our own rights as a nation, to our sense of duty as a
+representative of the rights of neutrals the world over, and to a just
+conception of the rights of mankind to take this stand now with the
+utmost solemnity and firmness.
+
+    PRESIDENT WILSON'S
+    _Address to Congress.
+    April 19th, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+"_Indeed, I am the most humane fellow in the world._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The German Government attaches no less importance to the sacred
+principles of humanity than the Government of the United States. It
+again fully takes into account that both Governments for many years
+cooperated in developing international law in conformity with these
+principles, the ultimate object of which has always been to confine
+warfare on sea and land to armed forces of belligerents and safeguard as
+far as possible noncombatants against the horrors of war.
+
+    _German Gov't. reply to
+    U. S. Government in Sussex Case.
+    May, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_Von Tirpitz_: "_Well, my dears, I'm afraid you will have to improve
+your manners--for a while at least._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The German Government notifies the Government of the United States that
+German naval forces have received the following order:
+
+In accordance with the general principles of visit and search and the
+destruction of merchant vessels, recognized by international law, such
+vessels, both within and without the area declared a naval war zone,
+shall not be sunk without warning and without saving human lives unless
+the ship attempt to escape or offer resistance.
+
+    _Imperial German Government
+    to United States Government.
+    May 4, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+"_WELL, MR. PRESIDENT, IF YOU INSIST, WE SHALL TRY TO BEHAVE LIKE
+GENTLEMEN._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+In view of the circumstances the German Government frankly admits that
+the assurance given to the American Government, in accordance with which
+passenger vessels were not to be attacked without warning, has not been
+adhered to in the present case. As was intimated by the undersigned in
+the note of the 4th instant, the German Government does not hesitate to
+draw from this resultant consequences. It therefore expresses to the
+American Government its sincere regret regarding the deplorable incident
+and declares its readiness to pay an adequate indemnity to the injured
+American citizens. It also disapproved of the conduct of the commander,
+who has been appropriately punished.
+
+    VON JAGOW,
+    _German Foreign Secretary
+    to United States Government,
+    8th May, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_GOTT STRAFE VERDUN_
+
+"_I wish I knew whether it is wiser to retreat or to advance_"
+
+VERDUN
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+For more than two months the battle of Verdun has raged almost
+ceaselessly day and night. It is conceded that Germany has concentrated
+picked troops and heavy guns in quantities never before seen in war.
+Yet, apart from the first withdrawal of General Petain's army from
+outlying positions to definite lines of defense, the two months fighting
+has not given the attacking forces a gain of two miles.
+
+    _Current History, New York._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_GERMAN MILITARISM ON THE ALLIES' OPERATING TABLE_
+
+"_For the sake of the world's future we must first use the knife_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The Germans have come with floating mines in the open seas, threatening
+belligerents and neutrals equally. They have come with the
+undiscriminating and murderous Zeppelin, which does military damage only
+by accident. They have come with the submarine, which destroys neutral
+and belligerent ships and crews, in scorn alike of law and mercy. They
+have come upon blameless nations with invasion, incendiarism, and
+confiscation. They have come with poisonous gases and liquid fire. All
+their scientific genius has been dedicated to wiping out human life.
+They have forced these things into general use in the war.
+
+The Prussian authorities apparently have but one idea of peace--an iron
+peace imposed on other nations by German supremacy. They do not
+understand that free men and free nations will rather die than submit to
+that ambition, and that there can be no end to the war till that aim is
+defeated and renounced.
+
+    _From an interview with_
+    SIR EDWARD GREY,
+    _in the Chicago News,
+    May, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_EMPIRE DAY, 1916_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+When Germany challenged us nearly two years ago to uphold with our lives
+the ideals by which we professed to live, we accepted the challenge, not
+out of madness, nor for glory or for gain, but to make good those
+professions. Since then the Allies and our empire have fought that they
+may be free and all earth may be free from the intolerable domination of
+German ideals. We did not foresee the size of the task when it opened.
+We do not flinch from it now that the long months have schooled us to
+full knowledge and have tempered us nationally and individually to meet
+it. The nations within the empire have created, maintained, and
+reinforced from their best the great armies they devote without question
+to this issue. They have emerged, one by one, as powers clothed with
+power through discipline and sacrifice, strong for good by their bitter
+knowledge of the evil they are meeting, and wise in the unpurchasable
+wisdom of actual achievement. Knowing as nations what it is we fight
+for, realizing as men and women the resolve that has been added to us by
+what each has endured, we go forward now under the proud banner of our
+griefs and losses to greater effort, greater endurance, and, if need be,
+heavier sacrifice, equal sponsors for the deliverance of mankind.
+
+    RUDYARD KIPLING,
+    _on Empire Day, May 24, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE SPRING SONG_
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE GERMAN_:
+
+"_If you will let me keep what I have I will let you go_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+I have twice publicly stated that Germany has been and is prepared to
+discuss the termination of the war upon a basis that offers guarantee
+against further attack from a coalition of her enemies and insures peace
+to Europe. You have read President Poincaré's answer to that.
+
+One thing I do know--only when statesmen of the warring nations come
+down to a basis of real facts, when they take the war situation as every
+war map shows it to be, when, with honest and sincere will they are
+prepared to terminate this terrible bloodshed and are ready to discuss
+the war and peace problems with one another in a practical manner, only
+then will we be nearing peace.
+
+Whoever is not prepared to do that has the responsibility for it if
+Europe continues to bleed and tear itself to pieces. I cast that
+responsibility far from myself.
+
+    VON BETHMANN-HOLLWEG _to
+    Berlin Correspondent of
+    New York World.
+    May 22, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE WANDERING JEW_
+
+"_Once I turned the Christ from my door; now I must wander from the
+Northern to the Southern seas--from Eastern to the Western shores ...
+asking for Peace, but never finding it._"
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_GRATITUDE OF THE WOMEN OF FRANCE TO THE KING OF SPAIN FOR THE TRACING
+OF THE MISSING_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The soul of the royal work for the discovery of the missing is Don
+Emilio-Maria de Torres, Minister Plenipotentiary and private secretary
+to his Majesty. It is in the offices of his Secretariat, in the Palacio
+Real, that this work is installed; it was soon so crowded there that it
+became necessary to give up to it four halls, and then eight, in order
+that the collaborators, becoming more and more numerous, might work
+comfortably. In May, 1916, the work of the King, already a year old,
+occupied at Madrid twenty-eight persons, who began their day at eight in
+the morning and sometimes worked far into the night.
+
+    MME. GABRIELLE REVAL
+    _in La Revue des Deux Mondes._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE BILL_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+It is proved that from May 20 to May 25 (1916) seven different divisions
+were flung into the battle on both sides of the Meuse. Four of these
+were brought from other points of the Western front--two from Flanders,
+two from the Somme.
+
+On the left bank alone four divisions were employed in the last week-end
+fighting. Without a thought of the enormous losses caused by our curtain
+fire and machine guns, the German Command threw them one after the other
+into the boiling pot east and west of Mort Homme. On May 22 alone,
+before the capture of Cumières village, which has now been retaken, the
+enemy made no fewer than 16 attacks upon the front from the Avocourt
+Wood to the Meuse. Over 50,000 men sought that day to climb the slopes
+of Mort Homme and the plateau of Hill 304. The great charnel heap had
+15,000 fresh corpses flung upon it without the French lines having
+yielded.
+
+    _Official Despatch from Verdun front._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE LAST RIDE_
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_CAGED_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+During an enterprise directed to the northward our high sea fleet on May
+31 encountered the main part of the English fighting fleet, which was
+considerably superior to our forces.
+
+During the afternoon, between Skagerrak and Horn Reef, a heavy
+engagement developed, which was successful to us, and which continued
+during the whole night....
+
+_The High Sea Fleet returned today (Thursday) into our port._
+
+    _German Admiralty Report.
+    Berlin, June 1, 1916._
+
+
+On the afternoon of Wednesday, the 31st of May, a naval engagement took
+place off the coast of Jutland.
+
+The British ships on which the brunt of the fighting fell were the
+battle cruiser fleet and some cruisers and light cruisers, supported by
+four fast battleships. Among these the losses were heavy.
+
+The German battle fleet, aided by low visibility, avoided a prolonged
+action with our main forces. As soon as these appeared on the scene _the
+enemy returned to port_, though not before receiving severe damage from
+our battleships.
+
+    _British Admiralty Report.
+    London, June 2, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE BATTLE OF JUTLAND_
+
+_William Falstaff_: "_I know not what you call all, but if I fought not
+with the whole British fleet, then I am a bunch of radish._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Our High Sea Fleet on May 31 encountered _the main part of the English
+fleet_.
+
+On our side the small cruiser _Wiesbaden_, by hostile gunfire during the
+day engagement, and his Majesty's ship _Pommern_, during the night, as
+the result of a torpedo, were sunk.
+
+The fate of his Majesty's ship _Frauenlob_, which is missing, and of
+some torpedo boats, which have not returned yet, is unknown.
+
+    _German Admiralty Report. June 1, 1916._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+In order to prevent fabulous reports, it is again stated that in the
+battle off Skagerrak on May 31 the German high sea forces were in battle
+with _the entire modern English fleet_.
+
+We were obliged to blow up the small cruiser _Elbing_, which, on the
+night of May 31-June 1, owing to a collision with other German war
+vessels, was heavily damaged.
+
+    _German Admiralty Report. June 3, 1916._
+
+
+We state that the total loss of the German high sea forces during the
+battle of May 31-June 1 and the following time are: One battle cruiser,
+one ship of the line of older construction, four small cruisers, and
+five torpedo boats. Of these losses, the _Pommern_, launched in 1905;
+the _Wiesbaden_, _Elbing_, _Frauenlob_, and five torpedo boats already
+have been reported in official statements. For military reasons, we
+refrained until now from making public the losses of the vessels
+_Lützow_ and _Rostock_.
+
+    _German Admiralty Report. June 8, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+"_AT LAST, TIRPITZ, I MAY TENDER MY IMPERIAL THANKS PUBLICLY._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+After visiting my fleet, which returned victoriously from a heavy
+battle, I feel I must again declare to you my imperial thanks for what
+you have performed in my service in the technical domain and the domain
+of organization. Our ships and weapons upheld themselves brilliantly in
+the battle in the North Sea. It is also for you a day of glory.
+
+    THE GERMAN EMPEROR _to_
+    GRAND ADMIRAL VON TIRPITZ.
+    _June, 1916._
+
+Before the Battle of Jutland Von Tirpitz retired from his post as
+Minister of the Navy on the ground of ill health. He is credited with
+being responsible for the submarine policy of ruthlessness which the
+German Government were forced to moderate on account of President
+Wilson's firm attitude in the Sussex episode.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+"_We Had Almost Beaten the Boy When His Father Arrived and Then We Had
+to Run for Our Lives._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The Germans were driven back into their ports without so much as making
+an effort to grapple with the main body of our Grand Fleet, and had the
+temerity to claim what really was a rout as a complete victory. A couple
+more such victories and there will be nothing left of the German Navy
+worth speaking about. The truth is slowly leaking out, and its full
+extent is not yet realized or appreciated. Our command of the seas, so
+far from being impaired, has been more firmly and unshakably
+established.
+
+    H. H. ASQUITH,
+    _British Prime Minister._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_DER TAG_
+
+_Thank God, "the Day" is over_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+First--It was admitted that "the small cruiser _Wiesbaden_ was sunk" and
+that the _Pommern_--the character of that ship not being mentioned--had
+also been destroyed; the light cruiser _Frauenlob_ was "missing," with
+"some torpedo boats." The rest of the High Seas Fleet, it was declared,
+"had returned to our harbors."
+
+Second--It had to be confessed that the light cruiser _Elbing_ had been
+sunk.
+
+Third--A statement was issued to the effect that "one battle cruiser,
+(the _Lützow_,) one ship of the line of older construction, (the
+_Pommern_,) four smaller cruisers," (the _Wiesbaden_, _Elbing_,
+_Frauenlob_, and _Rostock_,) and "five torpedo boats" (really
+destroyers) represented "the total loss."
+
+Fourth--It is now known that the battle cruiser _Seydlitz_ was run
+ashore to save her from sinking. It is asserted by travelers who have
+returned to Amsterdam that the battle cruiser _Derfflinger_ sank "on
+being towed into Wilhelmshaven," and it is reported from Copenhagen that
+the _Pommern_ was not the battleship which was torpedoed in the Baltic
+by a British submarine in July last, but a new battle cruiser which was
+named after the German State, thus perpetuating its association with the
+navy. The story of the sinking of the dreadnought battleship
+_Ostfriesland_ awaits confirmation.
+
+    ARCHIBALD HURD
+    _in the London Daily Telegraph._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_German Admiral_: _How quiet it must be in those English harbors
+blockaded by our Fleet._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE DEATH OF KITCHENER_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Field Marshal Lord Horatio Herbert Kitchener, the British Secretary of
+State for War, perished with his staff off the West Orkney Islands on
+June 5 by the sinking of the British cruiser _Hampshire_, which struck a
+mine and went down fifteen minutes later. "O death, where is thy sting?
+O grave, where is thy victory?" Formerly they had sounded in our ears as
+chords of solemn music, breathing consolation; now that we see them
+clearly to be triumphant verities, living and everlasting truths, they
+ring out like a trumpet call, summoning and inspiring the living to
+stronger action. The work continues though the hand that moulded it
+perishes; the body dies, but the soul lives on. There is no sting in the
+grave when on either side men press forward to one immortal goal and
+when living and dead battle together for incorruptible principles.
+Whether individually we live or die signifies nothing, if that high
+cause for which we fight wins. Lord Kitchener's death will not interfere
+with the work he had undertaken, nor shall his passing delay, but rather
+shall it hasten the victory to which he looked forward.
+
+    _Land and Water, London, June 8, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_Crown Prince_: "_We must have a higher pile to see Verdun, Father._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The Crown Prince, after the gigantic effort of his armies, was
+confronted with problems more vast, with a resistance more confident and
+more efficient, than those which he had had to face in the opening days
+of the Verdun offensive. In three days the French had been driven off
+their first positions along a large portion of the Verdun front; over a
+month later they were still defending with increasing vigour their
+second line. Behind that line lay yet another, and the prospect of the
+fall of Verdun was but faint upon the German horizon. The French could
+already count upon victory, the price of Verdun having already been
+exacted in the enemy's blood, without the position having been captured.
+That price, it was said, had been fixed by the Imperial General Staff at
+200,000 casualties.
+
+    _The Times History of the War._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THIS WILL MAKE WILLIAM JEALOUS; IT BEATS HIS NURSE CAVELL._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Signor Baltisti, before the war, was Deputy for Trent in the Austrian
+Parliament, and in that position was a strong advocate of irredentist
+claims in the Trentino. When war broke out he joined a Trentino regiment
+under the Italian flag.
+
+He was captured by the Austrians in June, 1916, and executed, although
+he wore an Italian uniform. His corpse was publicly hanged on a gibbet
+in the city of Trent.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_SUMMER TIME, 1916--FIVE ON A BENCH_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The Summer of 1916 saw the Germans defeated at Verdun on the Somme and
+at Riga. The Austrians were defeated in the Trentino and the Bukovina.
+The Turks continued their retreat in Asia Minor and the Caucasus, while
+the Entente Allies advanced upon the Bulgarians from Saloniki.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_CIVILISATION_: "_WHAT IS THE VERDICT._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The Government has carried on the war in accordance with methods which
+are even incompatible with everything which has been done hitherto--the
+violation of Belgium and Luxemburg; the use of poison gases, which were
+subsequently used by the other belligerents; there were Zeppelin bombs
+which killed both combatants and noncombatants, a submarine war on
+commerce, the torpedoing of the _Lusitania_, etc.; pillage and extortion
+of tribute, beginning with Belgium; the internment and imprisonment of
+the population of the eastern provinces; various devices for forcing
+prisoners to work against their own country, by spying for the Central
+Powers, thereby committing an act of high treason; contracts arranged
+between Zimmermann and Sir Roger Casement in December, 1915, for the
+formation of armed units of English prisoners of war, for the purpose of
+forming the Irish brigade. Besides these, other attempts must be
+mentioned, which were made among the foreigners in concentration camps
+in Germany, threatening them with internment unless they betrayed their
+own countries and placed themselves at Germany's disposal.
+
+    KARL LIEBKNECHT.
+    _June, 1916_.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_TO THE END_
+
+_War and Hunger_: "_Now you must accompany us to the end._"
+
+_The Kaiser_: "_Yes, to my end._"
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE CONFEDERATES_
+
+"_Did they believe that peace story in the Reichstag, Bethmann?_"
+
+"_Yes, but the Allies didn't._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Germany, using in turn force when she believes herself strongest and
+craft when she feels herself growing feebler, is today resorting to
+craft. She is spreading abroad the illusive word "peace." Where does
+this word come from? To whom has it been spoken? And on what conditions?
+And to what end? By her ambiguous man[oe]uvres Germany reckons on
+dividing the allied countries. No one among us will fall into such a
+trap. I have said, and I repeat, that when blood flows in streams, when
+our troops with so much self-sacrifice are giving up their lives, the
+word "peace" is a sacrilege if it means that the aggressor will not be
+punished and if tomorrow Europe runs the risk of again being delivered
+up to the despotism, fantasy, and caprice of a military caste athirst
+for pride and domination. It would be the dishonor of the Allies! What
+should our reply be if tomorrow, after having concluded such a peace,
+our countries were dragged anew into the frenzy of armaments? What would
+future generations say if we committed such an act of folly and if we
+missed the opportunity which is offered us of establishing on solid
+foundations a lasting peace?
+
+    ARISTIDE BRIAND,
+    _Premier of France.
+    June, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+"_BUNKERED_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+It is one of the greatest sources of pride for the Verdun Army to have
+earned the testimony of the great assembly which incarnates and
+immortalizes the genius of the French tongue and the French race. The
+Army of Verdun has had the good fortune to answer to the appeal
+addressed to it by the country. Thanks to its heroic tenacity the
+offensive of the Allies has already made brilliant progress ... and the
+Germans are not at Verdun.
+
+    GENERAL NIVELLE
+    _to the French Army
+    at Verdun, June, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+"_WE HAVE FINISHED OFF THE RUSSIANS._"
+
+"_Wait a moment_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+RUSSIAN OFFENSIVE, JUNE, 1916
+
+
+The blow which the Russians have delivered to the Teutons has been one
+of the hardest given to any belligerent during the entire war. Not even
+the great German drive of last year has had the effect of the Russian
+offense of the past six weeks. In this case it is much more than a loss
+of territory; it is almost the destruction of an army. Russia had vast
+reserves on which to fall back.
+
+Austria apparently has none. Austria alone of all the belligerents is
+practically exhausted. Only a week ago the Austrian Department of War
+endeavored to get the consent of the Government to call into the
+military service all men between the ages of 56 and 60. Nothing could
+show more eloquently the very dire straits into which the Austrian Army
+has fallen.
+
+    J. B. W. GARDINER.
+    _Current History._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE COSSACKS' SONG OF VICTORY_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The Petrograd official _communiqué_ of June 27, 1916, stated that the
+prisoners and trophies captured by the armies of General Brusiloff
+between June 4-23 amounted to 4,031 officers, 194,041 men, 219 guns,
+besides 644 machine-guns, 196 bomb mortars, 146 artillery ammunition
+wagons and 38 searchlights.
+
+The enormous importance of the Russian victories of June, 1916, as a
+step in the attrition of the enemy forces was patent; the losses
+suffered by the enemy on the Eastern front during those three weeks were
+about equal to those he had suffered at Verdun in 130 days of fighting.
+
+    _Times History of the War._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_CAPTAIN FRYATT_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Captain Charles Fryatt, master of the Great Eastern Railway's steamer
+_Brussels_, which was captured by German warships on June 23, 1916, and
+taken to Zeebrugge, was tried by German courtmartial at Bruges, July 27,
+condemned to death by shooting, and executed immediately. The charge
+against him was that of attempting to ram the German submarine U-33.
+
+His Majesty's Government find it difficult to believe that a master of a
+merchant vessel who, after German submarines adopted the practice of
+sinking merchant vessels without warning and without regard for the
+lives of passengers or crew, took a step which appeared to afford the
+only chance of saving not only his vessel, but the lives of all on
+board, can have been deliberately shot in cold blood for this action.
+
+    _British Foreign Office._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_BEFORE THE SOMME_
+
+_William_: "_Why are you so heavily bombarding the remains of that
+'contemptible little British army?_"
+
+_Prince of Bavaria_: "_I am afraid the remains are bombarding us._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The German view of the situation at the end of June was well shown in a
+typical article by the military correspondent of the "Berliner
+Tageblatt," Major Moraht, actually published on July 1.
+
+The writer began by declaring that "all the belligerent armies were now
+at a critical stage." The Allies had undoubtedly increased the energy
+and the uniformity of their conduct of war, and their great resources in
+money and men and their command of the sea would enable them to do
+everything possible "to hamper Germany's final victory."
+
+The British offensive was about to begin, and "without a serious
+settlement of accounts with England on the battlefields in the west the
+Germans would not come a step nearer to peace." Major Moraht and the
+other German writers betrayed no sense of the immensity of the coming
+events, and it was clear that the Germans had not begun to dream of the
+defeats that were about to be inflicted upon them.
+
+    _The Times History of the War._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE GERMAN TANGO_
+
+"_From East to West, and West to East, I dance with thee_"
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_The Wolf_: "_Is it not time to stop all further bloodshed?_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+During the early days of July, 1916, a general offensive on the part of
+the Allies began.
+
+The French and British armies attacked on the Somme, taking many towns
+and villages and thousands of prisoners.
+
+The Russians continued their victorious advance in the Bukowina and
+began a tremendous offensive far north on the Riga front.
+
+The Italian troops attacked in the Trentino and captured important
+fortified Austrian positions.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE DEUTSCHLAND DISPATCH_
+
+"_Never mind, Mr. Wilson; it is only a little Lusitania blood on the
+envelope_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+On July 9th the German Merchant Submarine _Deutschland_ arrived at
+Baltimore carrying a cargo of 1,000 tons of merchandise, principally dye
+stuffs. According to a statement by Captain Koenig, commander of the
+_Deutschland_, she was the first of a number of similar vessels which
+were being built for the purpose of breaking the British blockade of
+Germany.
+
+It was stated at the time that the captain of the submarine brought a
+personal letter from the German Emperor to President Wilson.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_BALAAM AND HIS ASS_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+What, German people, is your duty in this hour? The army wants no
+exhortations. It has fought superhumanly. It will fight until final
+victory. But the people at home--this is their duty: To suffer in
+silence, to bear their renunciations with dignity.
+
+    THE KAISER, _July, 1916_.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_TEAM WORK_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The great armies recruited and trained by Lord Kitchener, with the
+mountains of munitions piled up by Lloyd George, have become a
+tremendous weapon in the skilled hands of General Sir Douglas Haig; and
+they are supported on the right by a French army under General Foch that
+has shown itself more than able to keep pace with them. It must not be
+forgotten that the battle of the Somme is a joint enterprise of close
+teamwork under the supreme direction of General Joffre.
+
+Thus far we have heard less of the French than of the English wing, but
+its achievement has been equally brilliant. The Germans caught between
+these Frenchmen and Peronne, like those caught between the British and
+Bapaume, have resisted to the limit of human endurance, but nothing
+human could survive the awful blasting of high explosives to which their
+first and second trench lines were subjected; and the Allies now have
+the shells and the men to keep up the pressure indefinitely.
+
+    _Current History, New York, July, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+"_I Hope, My Dear Friends and Allies, That I Have Been Able to Make You
+Feel Happy and Confident Again._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The battle is raging, huge beyond all previous imagination. Rejuvenated,
+perfectly equipped with all they want, Russia's armies again have broken
+against our bulwarks in the east. France has experienced a regeneration
+in this war of which she hardly believed herself capable. She has
+dragged her dilatory English Ally into joining the offensive on the
+Somme, and whatever inward worth the British army has it now has an
+abundance of artillery.
+
+    THE KAISER, _July, 1916_.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_ANOTHER NAIL IN HINDENBURG_
+
+(_In 1915 a gigantic statue of wood was erected in Berlin to
+Hindenburg_)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The problem implied in the second phase of the great Russian offensive
+of 1916 had been solved completely in favour of our Allies. The enemy
+had abandoned his entire front south of the Marshes, having lost in ten
+weeks' fighting (May, June, July) in prisoners alone well over 300,000
+men. The total casualties suffered by him in that campaign almost
+equalled the original strength of his armies between the Pripet Marshes
+and the Carpathian Mountains.
+
+    _The Times History of the War._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+"_SEEMS TO BE NEUTRAL: SINK HIM!_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The freedom of the sea means to Germany that the German Navy is to
+behave at sea as the German Army behaves on land. It means that neither
+enemy civilians nor neutrals may possess rights against militant
+Germany; that those who do not resist will be drowned, and those who do
+will be shot.
+
+Already 244 neutral merchantmen have been sunk in defiance of law and
+humanity, and the number daily grows. Mankind, with the experience of
+two years of war behind it, has made up its mind about German culture.
+It is not, I think, without material for forming a judgment about German
+freedom.
+
+    A. J. BALFOUR,
+    _First Lord of the Admiralty.
+    July, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_NOW ALSO THE AXE IS LAID UNTO THE ROOT OF THE TREE_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+As the second year of the war drew to its close important gains were
+made by the Allied Armies on all fronts. On the Somme the British
+occupied Mameton Wood, Trones Wood, and the villages of
+Ovillers-la-Boiselle, Longueval, Podières. The French advanced on a
+front of 10-1/2 miles and captured the German positions from Estrées to
+Vermando-Villers. On the Eastern Front, the Russians crossed the
+Carpathians in the south and pierced Hindenburg's Riga line at several
+points.
+
+On the Isonzo the Italians began a great drive towards Gorizia.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE SPIRIT OF FRANCE_
+
+"_France is dying._"--_Hindenburg_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+This year has been so full of a glory so pure that it will forever
+illumine the human race. It has been a year in which France, the France
+of Joan of Arc and Valmy, has risen, if possible, to even greater
+heights.
+
+Be the war of short or long duration, France accepts it. The country is
+summoning its genius and changing its methods. Each French soldier
+before the enemy repeats the words of Joan of Arc, "You can enchain me,
+but you cannot enchain the fortunes of France."
+
+    PAUL DESCHANEL, _President of French
+    Chamber of Deputies._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+"_BEFORE THE FALL_"
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_Europe_: "_Am I not yet sufficiently civilised?_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+_Direct Losses of Human Life During Two Years of War_
+                         Dead    Wounded   Dead and    Invalids
+                                            Wounded
+    Austria-H'gry     718,000  1,777,000  2,495,000     533,000
+    Belgium            50,000    110,000    160,000      33,000
+    Bulgaria           25,000     60,000     85,000      18,000
+    England           205,000    512,000    717,000     154,300
+    France            885,000  2,115,000  3,000,000     634,000
+    Germany           885,500  2,116,300  3,001,800     634,900
+    Italy             105,000    245,000    350,000      73,500
+    Russia          1,498,000  3,820,000  5,318,000   1,146,000
+    Serbia            110,000    140,000    250,000      42,000
+    Turkey            150,000    350,000    500,000     105,000
+                    --------- ---------- ----------   ---------
+    Total           4,631,500 11,245,300 15,876,800   3,373,700
+    _From a Danish Estimate
+    published by the War Study Society
+    of Copenhagen._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Raemaekers' Cartoon History of the
+War, Volume 2, by Raemaekers
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK RAEMAEKERS' CARTOON HISTORY ***
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+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Raemaekers' Cartoon History of the War,
+Volume 2, by Raemaekers
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Raemaekers' Cartoon History of the War, Volume 2
+       The Second Twelve Months of War
+
+Author: Raemaekers
+
+Illustrator: Louis Raemaekers
+
+Release Date: October 25, 2011 [EBook #37846]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK RAEMAEKERS' CARTOON HISTORY ***
+
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+</pre>
+
+
+<div class="cover">
+  <img src="images/i_cover.jpg" width="550" height="790"
+       alt="book cover" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_i" id="Page_i">[Pg i]</a></p>
+
+<h1>RAEMAEKERS&#39;<br />
+CARTOON<br />
+HISTORY OF THE WAR</h1>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_ii" id="Page_ii">[Pg ii]</a></p>
+
+<h2>Table of Contents</h2>
+
+<ul class="toc">
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#KING_ALBERTS_ANSWER_TO_THE_POPE">King Albert&#39;s Answer to the Pope</a><span class="page">4</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#A_STABLE_PEACE">A Stable Peace</a><span class="page">6</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#THROWN_TO_THE_SWINE">Thrown to the Swine</a><span class="page">8</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#THE_MARTYRED_NURSE">The Martyred Nurse</a><span class="page">10</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#THE_YELLOW_BOOK">The Yellow Book</a><span class="page">12</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#US">U&#39;s</a><span class="page">14</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#Pallas_Athene_Has_it_come_to_this">Pallas Athene: "Has it come to this?"</a><span class="page">16</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#THE_NEXT_TO_BE_KICKED_OUT">The Next to be Kicked Out</a><span class="page">18</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#SEPTEMBER_1914_AND_SEPTEMBER_1915">September, 1914, and September, 1915</a><span class="page">20</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#IDYLLIC_NEUTRALITY">Idyllic Neutrality</a><span class="page">22</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#WHAT_SHOULD_WE_DO_WITHOUT_MICHAEL">What Should We Do Without Michael?</a><span class="page">24</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#WE_DONT_UNDERSTAND_THIS_LOAN_GAME">We Don&#39;t Understand This Loan Game</a><span class="page">26</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#THE_GERMAN_LOAN">The German Loan</a><span class="page">28</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#Wounded_First">"Wounded First"</a><span class="page">30</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#THE_MORNING_PAPER_GREAT_NEWS">The Morning Paper:&mdash;"Great News"</a><span class="page">32</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#VAN_TROMP_AND_DE_REUTER">Van Tromp and De Reuter</a><span class="page">34</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#THE_MARSHES_OF_PINSK">The Marshes of Pinsk</a><span class="page">36</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#Cheer_up_Austria_you_have_Germans_and_Bulgarians_to_help_you_this">"Cheer up, Austria, you have Germans and Bulgarians to help you this time"</a><span class="page">38</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#FERDINAND_THE_CHAMELEON">Ferdinand, The Chameleon</a><span class="page">40</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#SERBIA_AUTUMN_1915">Serbia. Autumn, 1915</a><span class="page">42</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#OCTOBER_IN_SERBIA">October in Serbia</a><span class="page">44</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#THE_KAISER_COUNTS_THE_BAG">The Kaiser Counts The Bag</a><span class="page">46</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#THE_ENTRY_INTO_CONSTANTINOPLE">"The Entry Into Constantinople"</a><span class="page">48</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#GO_TO_YOUR_HEREDITARY_ENEMY_BULGARIA">Go to Your Hereditary Enemy, Bulgaria</a><span class="page">50</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#THEY_BOWED_THE_KNEE_BEFORE_HIM">"They Bowed the Knee Before Him"</a><span class="page">52</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#DRIVEN_FROM_THE_TEMPLE_OF_HUMANITY">Driven From the Temple of Humanity</a><span class="page">54</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#THE_OLD_SERB">The Old Serb</a><span class="page">56</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#NEW_PEACE_OFFERS">New Peace Offers</a><span class="page">58</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#FERDINAND_SEN_VA_TEN_GUERRE_NE_SAIT_SIL_REVIENDRA">Ferdinand S&#39;en Va T&#39;en Guerre Ne Sait S&#39;il Reviendra</a><span class="page">60</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#THE_VOICE_OF_THE_PEOPLE">The Voice Of The People</a><span class="page">62</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#TRUTH">Truth</a><span class="page">64</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#THE_EVACUATION_OF_GALLIPOLI">The Evacuation of Gallipoli</a><span class="page">66</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#CHRISTMAS_1916">Christmas, 1916</a><span class="page">68</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#NEW_YEARS_FEAST_OF_KULTUR">New Year&#39;s Feast of Kultur</a><span class="page">70</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#THE_POILU">The Poilu</a><span class="page">72</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#THE_TRIALS_OF_A_COURT_PAINTER">The Trials of a Court Painter</a><span class="page">74</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#VON_DER_GOLTZ_GOES_TO_THE_PROMISED_LAND">Von Der Goltz Goes to the Promised Land</a><span class="page">76</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#THE_BURIAL_OF_PRIVATE_WALKER">The Burial of Private Walker</a><span class="page">78</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#COME_AND_BE_HAPPY_AT_POTSDAM">"Come and be Happy at Potsdam"</a><span class="page">80</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#TOM_THUMB_AND_THE_GIANT">Tom Thumb and the Giant</a><span class="page">82</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#ON_THE_WAY_TO_BAGDAD">On the Way to Bagdad</a><span class="page">84</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#THE_HOLY_WAR">The Holy War</a><span class="page">86</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#The_Kaiser_Your_ruthlessness_has_failed_Tirpitz_I_must_pin_my">The Kaiser: "Your Ruthlessness has Failed, Tirpitz; I Must Pin My Faith to Count Zeppelin."</a><span class="page">88</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#GOTT_STRAFE_ENGLAND">Gott Strafe England</a><span class="page">90</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#William_You_lead_new_Regiments_upon_Verdun_whilst_I_weep_over_the">William: "You Lead New Regiments upon Verdun, whilst I Weep Over the Losses of the Old Ones."</a><span class="page">92</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#NOBODY_SEES_ME_SO_I_CAN_ALWAYS_DENY_IT">"Nobody Sees Me, So I Can Always Deny It"</a><span class="page">94</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#PAN_GERMANICUS_AS_PEACE_MAKER">Pan Germanicus as Peace Maker</a><span class="page">96</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#We_have_only_come_to_see_that_the_English_dont_threaten_you">"We Have Only Come to See that the English Don&#39;t Threaten You."</a><span class="page">98</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#HOHENZOLLERN_MADNESS">Hohenzollern Madness</a><span class="page">100</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#MY_SON_LIES_HERE_WHERE_ARE_YOURS">"My Son Lies Here, Where are Yours?"</a><span class="page">102</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#THE_OLD_POILU">The Old Poilu</a><span class="page">104</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#GERMAN_CHIVALRY_ON_THE_SEA">"German Chivalry on the Sea"</a><span class="page">106</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#THE_ETERNAL_BARRAGE">The Eternal Barrage</a><span class="page">108</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#VON_BETHMANN-HOLLWEGS_PEACE_SONG">Von Bethmann-Hollweg&#39;s Peace Song</a><span class="page">110</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#WHY_I_HAVE_KILLED_YOU_TWICE_AND_YOU_DARE_TO_COME_BACK_AGAIN">"Why, I Have Killed You Twice and You Dare to Come Back Again!"</a><span class="page">112</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#Mais_quand_la_voix_de_Dieu_lappela_il_se_voyait_seul_sur_la_terre_au">"Mais Quand la Voix de Dieu l&#39;appela il se Voyait Seul Sur la Terre au Milieu de Fantomes Tristes et Sans nombre."</a><span class="page">114</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#THE_DEPORTATIONS_FROM_LILLE">The Deportations From Lille</a><span class="page">116</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#THE_LAST_THROW">The Last Throw</a><span class="page">118</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#RUSSIA_TO_FRANCE">Russia to France</a><span class="page">120</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#THE_DEATHS_HEAD_HUSSAR_AT_VERDUN">The Death&#39;s Head Hussar at Verdun</a><span class="page">122</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#SIR_JUDAS_CASEMENT">Sir Judas Casement</a><span class="page">124</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#GREAT_BRITAIN_AND_IRELAND">Great Britain and Ireland</a><span class="page">126</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#THE_GRAVES_OF_ALL_HIS_HOPES">The Graves of All His Hopes</a><span class="page">128</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#THE_SUSSEX">"The Sussex"</a><span class="page">130</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#I_THOUGHT_YOU_SAID_YOU_WERE_TOO_PROUD_TO_FIGHT">"I Thought You Said You Were Too Proud to Fight!"</a><span class="page">132</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#Indeed_I_am_the_most_humane_fellow_in_the_world">"Indeed, I am the Most Humane Fellow in the World."</a><span class="page">134</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#Von_Tirpitz_Well_my_dears">Von Tirpitz: "Well, My Dears, I&#39;m Afraid You Will Have to Improve Your manners&mdash;for a While at Least."</a><span class="page">136</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#WELL_MR_PRESIDENT_IF_YOU_INSIST_WE_SHALL_TRY_TO_BEHAVE_LIKE">"Well, Mr. President, if You Insist, We Shall Try to Behave Like Gentlemen."</a><span class="page">138</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#GOTT_STRAFE_VERDUN">Gott Strafe Verdun</a><span class="page">140</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#GERMAN_MILITARISM_ON_THE_ALLIES_OPERATING_TABLE">German Militarism on the Allies&#39; Operating Table</a><span class="page">142</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#EMPIRE_DAY_1916">Empire Day, 1916</a><span class="page">144</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#THE_SPRING_SONG">The Spring Song</a><span class="page">146</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#THE_GERMAN">The German:</a><span class="page">148</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#THE_WANDERING_JEW">The Wandering Jew</a><span class="page">150</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#GRATITUDE_OF_THE_WOMEN_OF_FRANCE_TO_THE_KING_OF_SPAIN_FOR_THE_TRACING">Gratitude of the Women of France to the King of Spain for the Tracing of the Missing</a><span class="page">152</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#THE_BILL">The Bill</a><span class="page">154</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#THE_LAST_RIDE">The Last Ride</a><span class="page">156</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#CAGED">Caged</a><span class="page">158</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#THE_BATTLE_OF_JUTLAND">The Battle of Jutland</a><span class="page">160</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#AT_LAST_TIRPITZ_I_MAY_TENDER_MY_IMPERIAL_THANKS_PUBLICLY">"At Last, Tirpitz, I May Tender My Imperial Thanks Publicly."</a><span class="page">162</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#We_Had_Almost_Beaten_the_Boy_When_His_Father_Arrived_and_Then_We_Had">"We Had Almost Beaten the Boy When His Father Arrived and Then We Had to Run for Our Lives."</a><span class="page">164</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#DER_TAG">Der Tag</a><span class="page">166</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#German_Admiral_How_quiet_it_must_be_in_those_English_harbors">German Admiral: How Quiet it Must be in Those English Harbors Blockaded by Our Fleet.</a><span class="page">168</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#THE_DEATH_OF_KITCHENER">The Death of Kitchener</a><span class="page">170</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#Crown_Prince_We_must_have_a_higher_pile_to_see_Verdun_Father">Crown Prince: "We Must Have a Higher Pile to See Verdun, Father."</a><span class="page">172</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#THIS_WILL_MAKE_WILLIAM_JEALOUS_IT_BEATS_HIS_NURSE_CAVELL">This Will Make William Jealous; it Beats His Nurse Cavell.</a><span class="page">174</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#SUMMER_TIME_1916_FIVE_ON_A_BENCH">SUMMER TIME, 1916&mdash;Five on a Bench</a><span class="page">176</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#CIVILISATION_WHAT_IS_THE_VERDICT">Civilisation: "What is the Verdict."</a><span class="page">178</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#TO_THE_END">To the End</a><span class="page">180</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#THE_CONFEDERATES">The Confederates</a><span class="page">182</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#BUNKERED">"Bunkered"</a><span class="page">184</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#WE_HAVE_FINISHED_OFF_THE_RUSSIANS">"We Have Finished Off the Russians."</a><span class="page">186</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#THE_COSSACKS_SONG_OF_VICTORY">The Cossacks&#39; Song of Victory</a><span class="page">188</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#CAPTAIN_FRYATT">Captain Fryatt</a><span class="page">190</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#BEFORE_THE_SOMME">Before the Somme</a><span class="page">192</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#THE_GERMAN_TANGO">The German Tango</a><span class="page">194</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#The_Wolf_Is_it_not_time_to_stop_all_further_bloodshed">The Wolf: "Is it Not Time to Stop all Further Bloodshed?"</a><span class="page">196</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#THE_DEUTSCHLAND_DISPATCH">The Deutschland Dispatch</a><span class="page">198</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#BALAAM_AND_HIS_ASS">Balaam and His Ass</a><span class="page">200</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#TEAM_WORK">Team Work</a><span class="page">202</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#I_Hope_My_Dear_Friends_and_Allies_That_I_Have_Been_Able_to_Make_You">"I Hope, My Dear Friends and Allies, That I Have Been Able to Make You Feel Happy and Confident Again."</a><span class="page">204</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#ANOTHER_NAIL_IN_HINDENBURG">Another Nail In Hindenburg</a><span class="page">206</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#SEEMS_TO_BE_NEUTRAL_SINK_HIM">"Seems to be Neutral: Sink Him!"</a><span class="page">208</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#NOW_ALSO_THE_AXE_IS_LAID_UNTO_THE_ROOT_OF_THE_TREE">Now Also the Axe is Laid Unto the Root of the Tree</a><span class="page">210</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#THE_SPIRIT_OF_FRANCE">The Spirit of France</a><span class="page">212</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#BEFORE_THE_FALL">"Before The Fall"</a><span class="page">214</span></li>
+  <li><a class="bold" href="#Europe_Am_I_not_yet_sufficiently_civilised">Europe: "Am I Not Yet Sufficiently Civilised?"</a><span class="page">216</span></li>
+</ul>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_iii" id="Page_iii">[Pg iii]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_003.jpg" width="500" height="774"
+    alt="Louis Raemaekers"
+    title="Louis Raemaekers" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_iv" id="Page_iv">[Pg iv]</a></p>
+
+<div class="titlepage">
+  <p><span class="xxlarge">RAEMAEKERS&#39;</span><br />
+  <span class="xlarge">CARTOON</span><br />
+  <span class="large">HISTORY OF THE WAR</span></p>
+  <p><span class="smcap">compiled by</span><br />
+  J. MURRAY ALLISON</p>
+
+  <p><span class="small">Editor of <span class="italic">Raemaekers&#39; Cartoons, Kultur
+     in Cartoons, The<br />
+     Century Edition de Luxe Raemaekers&#39; Cartoons, etc.</span></span></p>
+
+  <p>VOLUME TWO</p>
+
+  <p class="xsmall">THE SECOND TWELVE MONTHS OF WAR</p>
+
+  <div class="logo">
+    <img src="images/i_004.png" width="120" height="118"
+         alt="Publishers&#39; Logo" title="Logo" />
+  </div>
+
+  <p>NEW YORK<br />
+  THE CENTURY CO.<br />
+  1919</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_v" id="Page_v">[Pg v]</a></p>
+
+<p class="center">Copyright, 1919, by<br />
+<span class="smcap">The Century Co.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_vi" id="Page_vi">[Pg vi]</a></p>
+
+<h2>FOREWORD</h2>
+
+<p>The second year of the war opened in the West with the enemy, although
+superior in man power and munitionment, pinned down to a defensive line
+from Belfort to the sea. The new armies of the British Empire were still
+being raised and trained, and neither England nor France had reached
+their zenith in the production of guns and munitions. The western front
+was to remain for a time comparatively inactive.</p>
+
+<p>In the East the great Teutonic drive through Poland was still in
+progress, although the Russian armies had everywhere escaped
+envelopment, and their retreat was nearly at an end. Warsaw was occupied
+by the Germans early in August. It was a moment chosen by Germany to
+make an offer of separate peace to Russia. The enemy sought to gain by
+bribery what his armies had failed to accomplish in the field. The offer
+was rejected by Russia.</p>
+
+<p>By October Germany&#39;s greatest military effort so far had failed and the
+Russian armies stood intact from the Bukovina to Riga.</p>
+
+<p>The next great development in the history of the war was the entry of
+Bulgaria in October on the side of the Central Powers. Whilst great
+German and Austro-Hungarian forces crossed the Danube in the north the
+Bulgarians attacked Serbia on the flank. In a few weeks Serbia and
+Montenegro suffered the fate of Belgium and Luxemburg, the British and
+French troops not having arrived in time to render material aid to the
+Serbians. Greece, failing to live up to her treaty with Serbia,
+contributed to the defeat of that country and was for many months to
+form a menace to the allied troops who were making the port of Salonika
+their base in the Balkans.</p>
+
+<p>In the meantime the western allies had taken the offensive in September,
+the French attacking in Champagne and the British in
+
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_vii" id="Page_vii">[Pg vii]</a></span>
+
+Flanders. The attack was not driven home and no further offensive upon a
+large scale was to take place until July in the following year.</p>
+
+<p>January saw Gallipoli evacuated by the Allies, releasing Turkish troops
+for service in Mesopotamia which was doubtless to have its effect in the
+fall of Kut and the capture of the garrison later on.</p>
+
+<p>Late in February the great German offensive began at Verdun, an
+offensive which was to prove the most costly defeat of the German arms
+during the war. The Battle of Verdun continued for months and may be
+said to have been definitely lost by the Germans by the 1st of July.</p>
+
+<p>Meanwhile the Russian armies in the Caucasus and Armenia had beaten the
+Turks in many engagements, taking amongst other towns the fortress of
+Erzerum with great numbers of prisoners and military stores. The other
+Russian armies in the north, reorganized and thoroughly equipped with
+munitionment, began in June their magnificent advance all along their
+line from Riga to the Carpathians.</p>
+
+<p>The last month of the second year of the war witnessed the beginning of
+the "big push" in the west, the Russian advance in the east, the retreat
+of the Austrians in the Trentino, and the beginning of the Italians&#39;
+successful thrust upon the Isonzo.</p>
+
+<p>It is with these major military operations of the year with which
+Raemaekers&#39; cartoons on the following pages deal.</p>
+
+<p>He did not neglect to record, however, many of the minor happenings. The
+various and devious peace moves of the enemy did not escape his comment
+nor did the cold blooded murders of Nurse Cavell and Captain Fryatt. He
+has recorded also many examples of German Zeppelin Ruthlessness and
+German Piracy on the sea. Notable amongst the latter is the <span class="italic">Sussex</span>
+crime and its subsequent diplomatic developments, which were to play
+such an important part in America&#39;s entry into the war.</p>
+
+<p class="citation">J. M. A.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</a></p>
+
+<h1>VOLUME TWO</h1>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[Pg 2]</a></p>
+
+<h2>THE ANNIVERSARY, AUGUST, 1915</h2>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="italic">Bernhardi: "Have we not surpassed your most
+  sanguine expectations?</span>"</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p class="center">Total losses amongst all belligerents during first year of war:</p>
+
+<div class="center">
+  <table border="0" width="80%" cellpadding="20" cellspacing="0" summary="first year losses">
+    <tr>
+      <th>Killed</th><th>Wounded</th><th>Missing and Prisoners</th>
+      <th>Total</th>
+    </tr>
+    <tr>
+      <td align="center">3,026,713</td><td align="center">5,768,994</td>
+      <td align="center">2,673,188</td><td align="center">11,528,895</td>
+    </tr>
+  </table>
+</div>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">Nineteenth Century and After.</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_010.jpg" width="500" height="671"
+    alt="The Kaiser with a skeleton bride" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="KING_ALBERTS_ANSWER_TO_THE_POPE" id="KING_ALBERTS_ANSWER_TO_THE_POPE"></a>
+KING ALBERT&#39;S ANSWER TO THE POPE</h2>
+
+<p>"<span class="italic">With him who broke his word, devastated my country, burned my
+villages, destroyed my towns, desecrated my churches, and murdered my
+people, I will not make peace before he is expelled from my country and
+punished for his crimes."</span></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>Today, on the sad anniversary of the terrible conflict, our heart gives
+forth the wish that the war will soon end. We raise again our voice to
+utter a fatherly cry for peace. May this cry, dominating the frightful
+noise of arms, reach the warring peoples and their chiefs and induce
+kindly and more serene intentions.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">From the Papal Peace Appeal,<br />
+August 1, 1916.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_012.jpg" width="500" height="641"
+       alt="King Albert and the Pope" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="A_STABLE_PEACE" id="A_STABLE_PEACE"></a>A STABLE PEACE</h2>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="italic">The Kaiser: "And remember, if they do not accept it, I deny it
+altogether"</span></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>That the Dardanelles and Galicia had been offered by Berlin to
+Petrograd; that Egypt was asked for Turkey, and that the mediation of
+the Pope was desired on the basis of the restitution of Belgium, were
+some of the reports which gained currency between Aug. 5, the date of
+the fall of Warsaw, and Aug. 12, when the Novoe Vremya of Petrograd
+confirmed the rumors of German overtures for a separate peace with
+Russia.</p>
+
+<p>Almost simultaneously from Petrograd and from Milan announcements that,
+after the capture of Warsaw, Germany was seriously engaged in
+preliminary negotiations for the establishment of a peace were
+published.</p>
+
+<p>Besides Galicia and the Dardanelles, the Novoe Vremya said, Germany
+would guarantee the integrity of the Russian frontiers, at the same time
+stipulating for Egypt on the pretext of ceding that country to Turkey,
+and for a free hand to deal with Russia&#39;s allies. The report declared
+that these offers were rejected by the Czar&#39;s Government.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">"Current History",<br />
+New York.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_014.jpg" width="500" height="737"
+       alt="Clandestine meeting with the Kaiser" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="THROWN_TO_THE_SWINE" id="THROWN_TO_THE_SWINE"></a>
+  THROWN TO THE SWINE
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>On August 5, 1915, Miss Cavell, an English woman, directress of a large
+nursing home at Brussels, was quietly arrested by the German authorities
+and confined in the prison of St. Gilles on the charge that she had
+aided stragglers from the Allied Armies to escape across the frontier
+from Belgium to Holland, furnishing them with money, clothing and
+information concerning the route to be followed.</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>We reminded him (Baron Von der Lancken) of the burning of Louvain and
+the sinking of the <span class="italic">Lusitania</span>, and told him that this murder would stir
+all civilized countries with horror and disgust. Count Harrach broke in
+at this with the rather irrelevant remark that he would rather see Miss
+Cavell shot than have harm come to one of the humblest German soldiers,
+and his only regret was that they had not "three or four English old
+women to shoot."</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>The day brought forth another loathsome fact in connection with the
+case. It seems the sentence of Miss Cavell was not pronounced in open
+court. Her executioners, apparently in hope of concealing their
+intentions from us, went into her cell and there behind locked doors
+pronounced sentence upon her. It is all a piece with the other things
+they have done.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="smcap">Hugh Gibson</span>,<br />
+<span class="italic">First Secretary of the American<br />
+Legation at Brussels.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_016.jpg" width="500" height="722"
+       alt="Nurse Cavell being devoured by pigs." title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="THE_MARTYRED_NURSE" id="THE_MARTYRED_NURSE"></a>THE MARTYRED NURSE</h2>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="italic">William: "Now you can bring me the American protest"</span></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>Even when I was ready to abandon all hope, Leval was unable to believe
+that the German authorities would persist in their decision, and
+appealed most touchingly and feelingly to the sense of pity for which we
+looked in vain.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="smcap">Hugh Gibson</span>,<br />
+<span class="italic">First Secretary American<br />
+Legation at Brussels</span>.</p>
+
+<p>To condemn any human being, even if he were the vilest criminal, at 5
+o&#39;clock in the afternoon and execute him at 2 <span class="smcap">A. M.</span> was an act of
+barbarism for which no possible condemnation is adequate.</p>
+
+<p>Under these circumstances, it would be incredible, if the facts were not
+beyond dispute, that the request of the United States for a little delay
+was not only brutally refused, <span class="italic">but that our Legation was deliberately
+misled and deceived until the death sentence had been inflicted</span>.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="smcap">James M. Beck</span><br />
+<span class="italic">In "New York Times"</span>.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_018.jpg" width="500" height="677"
+       alt="The Kaiser and Hindenburg behind the curtain" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="THE_YELLOW_BOOK" id="THE_YELLOW_BOOK"></a>THE YELLOW BOOK</h2>
+
+<p class="center">"<span class="italic">Unmasked</span>"</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>The publication of the French Government Yellow Book in August dealing
+with the diplomatic events which led up to the war proved that whilst
+Germany was assuring the nations of her peaceful intentions she was
+secretly preparing for war.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_020.jpg" width="500" height="580"
+       alt="The Kaiser unmasked" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="US" id="US"></a>U&#39;S</h2>
+
+<p><span class="italic">His Majesty: "Well, Tirpitz, you&#39;ve sunk a great many?"</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="italic">Tirpitz: "Yes, sire, here is another U coming down."</span></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>On August 26, 1915, Squadron-Commander A. W. Bigsworth destroyed
+single-handed, a German submarine by bombs from his aeroplane off Ostend
+on the coast of Belgium.</p>
+
+<p>The British Admiralty said in reference to this episode:</p>
+
+<p>"It is not the practice of the Admiralty to publish statements regarding
+the losses of German submarines, important though they have been, in
+cases where the enemy have no other sources of information as to the
+time and place at which these losses have occurred. In the case referred
+to above, however, the brilliant feat of Squadron-Commander Bigsworth
+was performed in the immediate neighbourhood of the coast in occupation
+of the enemy, and the position of the sunken submarine has been located
+by a German destroyer."</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+<img src="images/i_022.jpg" width="500" height="768"
+     alt="The Kaiser and Tripitz as fish, with a sinking U-boat" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="Pallas_Athene_Has_it_come_to_this" id="Pallas_Athene_Has_it_come_to_this"></a>
+  Pallas Athene: "Has it come to this?"
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>When, on Sept. 21, after the Bulgarian mobilization had begun, M.
+Venizelos, who was then Prime Minister of Greece, asked France and
+ourselves for 150,000 men, it was on the express understanding that
+Greece would mobilize also. Greece did, in fact, mobilize under his
+direction on Sept. 24, but it was not until Oct. 2 that M. Venizelos
+found himself able to agree to the landing of British and French troops
+under the formal protest, a merely formal protest, which he had already
+made to the French Government. On Oct. 4&mdash;I wish these dates to be borne
+in mind&mdash;M. Venizelos announced what had happened to the Greek Chamber,
+and at the same time declared that Greece must abide by her treaty with
+Serbia. The next day the King repudiated the declaration and then M.
+Venizelos resigned. The new Government which succeeded declined to
+recognize that a casus foederis had arisen between Greece and Serbia, in
+spite of our constant insistence that Greece should make common cause
+with Serbia, and the new Greek Government, while declaring their desire
+to remain on friendly terms with the Allies, declined to depart from
+their attitude of neutrality.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="smcap">H. H. Asquith</span>, <span class="italic">House of Commons,<br />
+November 2, 1915</span>.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_024.jpg" width="500" height="638"
+       alt="Pallas Athene and the King." title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="THE_NEXT_TO_BE_KICKED_OUT" id="THE_NEXT_TO_BE_KICKED_OUT"></a>
+THE NEXT TO BE KICKED OUT</h2>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="italic">Dumba&#39;s Master</span></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>By reason of the admitted purpose and intent of Mr. Dumba to conspire to
+cripple legitimate industries of the people of the United States and to
+interrupt their legitimate trade and by reason of the flagrant violation
+of diplomatic propriety in employing an American citizen protected by an
+American passport as a secret bearer of official dispatches through the
+lines of the enemy of Austria-Hungary, the President directs me to
+inform your Excellency that Mr. Dumba is no longer acceptable to the
+Government of the United States as the Ambassador of his Imperial
+Majesty at Washington.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">Official American Note Requesting the Recall of</span><br />
+<span class="smcap">Mr. Dumba,</span> <span class="italic">the Austro-Hungarian Ambassador.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class="italic">September, 1916.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_026.jpg" width="500" height="777"
+       alt="Uncle Sam kicking out the German Ambassador" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="SEPTEMBER_1914_AND_SEPTEMBER_1915" id="SEPTEMBER_1914_AND_SEPTEMBER_1915"></a>
+SEPTEMBER, 1914, AND SEPTEMBER, 1915</h2>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="italic">The Crown Prince, 1914: "Now the war begins as we
+   like it."<br />
+The Crown Prince, 1915: "But this is not as I wished it to continue."</span></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>Towards the end of September, 1916, the British and French Armies began
+an attack upon the German forces at Loos and in the Champagne. During
+five days&#39; fighting, over 25,000 prisoners and 125 guns were captured by
+the Allies.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_028.jpg" width="500" height="672"
+       alt="The German Crown Prince being punched by an Allied soldier." title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="IDYLLIC_NEUTRALITY" id="IDYLLIC_NEUTRALITY"></a>
+IDYLLIC NEUTRALITY</h2>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="italic">A daily smuggling scene on the Dutch frontier</span></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>Neutral countries whose frontiers march with those of Germany have
+rendered enormous aid to the Central Powers by the supply of materials
+and food. The general practice of evasion has been to smuggle home
+produce of all sorts for which high prices were forthcoming and use for
+local consumption similar products imported from other countries over
+seas. The imports of many lines of merchandise into Holland alone are
+known to have increased from fifty to one hundred per cent. compared
+with pre-war figures.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_030.jpg" width="500" height="736"
+       alt="Dutch women lined up to smuggle good into Germany" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="WHAT_SHOULD_WE_DO_WITHOUT_MICHAEL" id="WHAT_SHOULD_WE_DO_WITHOUT_MICHAEL"></a>
+WHAT SHOULD WE DO WITHOUT MICHAEL?</h2>
+
+<p><span class="italic">Michael: "For my 100 Marks I obtained a receipt. I gave this for
+second 100 Marks and I received a second receipt. For the third loan I
+gave the second receipt. Have I invested 300 Marks and has the
+Government got 300, or have both of us got nothing?</span>"</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>If we desire the possibility of shaping a peace in accordance with our
+needs and our vital requirements, we must not forget the question of
+cost. We must see to it that the whole future livelihood of our people
+shall, so far as is in any way possible, be relieved of the burden. The
+leaden weight of thousands of millions is due to the people who got up
+this war. They, not we, shall drag it along with them. Of course, we
+know that this is a matter of peculiar difficulty, but everything that
+can be done in this direction shall be done.</p>
+
+<p>We are paying the money almost exclusively to ourselves, whilst the
+enemy is paying its loans abroad, a guarantee that in the future we
+shall maintain the advantage.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="smcap">Dr. Helfferich,</span><br />
+<span class="italic">Reichstag, September, 1915.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_032.jpg" width="500" height="662"
+       alt="German holding an IOU" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="WE_DONT_UNDERSTAND_THIS_LOAN_GAME" id="WE_DONT_UNDERSTAND_THIS_LOAN_GAME"></a>
+WE DON&#39;T UNDERSTAND THIS LOAN GAME</h2>
+
+<p><span class="italic">(In Germany there is a game by which children passing a coin from one
+to another are supposed to, but do not, get richer.)</span></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>German statesmen and editors make a boast of the fact that so far they
+have not raised any war funds by taxation. That is true, but they are
+pursuing the far less commendable course of raising the money by loans
+and by "hanky-panky" manipulations of currency paper. Dr. Helfferich,
+the Imperial Minister of Finance, recently admitted that he dared not
+impose further taxation, and it is a fair inference that he knew any
+such proposals would be futile&mdash;that the burdens of the German taxpayers
+are already as heavy as they can bear.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">The Nineteenth Century and After.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_034.jpg" width="500" height="513"
+       alt="Three German children passing coins" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="THE_GERMAN_LOAN" id="THE_GERMAN_LOAN"></a>THE GERMAN LOAN</h2>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="italic">"Don&#39;t breathe on the bubble or the whole will collapse"</span></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>The German war loans have been subscribed mainly by the great companies
+of Germany; by the Savings Banks, the Banks, the Life and Fire Insurance
+and Accident Insurance Companies, etc.</p>
+
+<p>Furthermore, these loans have been pyramided; that is to say, a man who
+subscribed and paid for one hundred thousand marks of loan number one
+could, when loan number two was called for, take the bonds he had bought
+of loan number one to his bank and on his agreement to spend the
+proceeds in subscribing to loan number two, borrow from the bank eighty
+thousand marks on the security of his first loan bonds, and so on.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="smcap">James W. Gerard</span> <span class="italic">in<br />
+"My Four Years in Germany."</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_036.jpg" width="500" height="669"
+       alt="A bubble held up by a &#39;house of cards&#39;" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="Wounded_First" id="Wounded_First"></a>"Wounded First"</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>The Allan Liner <span class="italic">Hesperian</span> was torpedoed by a German submarine in the
+English Channel on the 4th September, 1915; on board were a number of
+invalided Canadian troops. British admiralty patrol boats were quickly
+on the spot and succeeded in saving all the passengers and crew with the
+exception of eight souls.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_038.jpg" width="500" height="626"
+       alt="A nurse and a wounder soldier on a sinking ship" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="THE_MORNING_PAPER_GREAT_NEWS" id="THE_MORNING_PAPER_GREAT_NEWS"></a>
+THE MORNING PAPER:&mdash;"GREAT NEWS"</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>The Press Bureau of the War Office announces that a fleet of hostile
+airships visited the eastern counties and a portion of the London area
+last night and dropped bombs.</p>
+
+<p>The following military casualties, in addition to the one announced last
+night, have been reported: Fourteen killed and thirteen wounded.</p>
+
+<p>The Home Office announces the following casualties other than the
+military casualties reported above: Killed&mdash;Men, 27; women, 9; children,
+5; total, 41. Injured&mdash;Men, 64; women, 30; children, 7; total, 101.</p>
+
+<p>Of these casualties 32 killed and 95 injured were in the London area,
+and these figures include those announced last night.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">London, October, 1915.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+   <img src="images/i_040.jpg" width="500" height="651"
+        alt="The Kaiser reading the newspaper in bed" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="VAN_TROMP_AND_DE_REUTER" id="VAN_TROMP_AND_DE_REUTER"></a>
+VAN TROMP AND DE REUTER</h2>
+
+<p>"<span class="italic">So long as you permit Zeppelins to cross our land you surely should
+cease to boast of our deeds.</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="italic">(Whenever a Dutchman wishes to speak of the great past of his country
+he calls to mind the names of these heroes.)</span></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>Many of the Zeppelins that raided English towns and villages crossed
+over Holland leaving and returning to their bases in Germany. This was
+held to be a violation of the neutrality of Holland and "pro-Ally"
+Dutchmen endeavored to make the question an international one.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+   <img src="images/i_042.jpg" width="500" height="699"
+        alt="Van Tromp  and  De Reuter looking to the skies" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="THE_MARSHES_OF_PINSK" id="THE_MARSHES_OF_PINSK"></a>
+THE MARSHES OF PINSK</h2>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="italic">The Kaiser: "When the leaves fall you&#39;ll have
+  peace."&mdash;They have.</span></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>The last of the great Austro-German strokes had failed, and before the
+beginning of October, 1915, the line of the enemy in the east was
+established precisely where it was to be found unchanged until the great
+offensive delivered upon its southern part by the Russians in the
+beginning of June, 1916. Lord Kitchener put the matter simply and in
+words the accuracy of which could be gauged by the exasperation they
+caused at Berlin, when he said that the enemy had now in the East "shot
+his bolt." It was a phrase exactly true. The expense in men, the
+difficulty of bringing up munitionment; the entry into territories with
+worse roads and less opportunities of supply; the fact that the line now
+reached was cut by the great belt of marshes in the centre&mdash;all these
+things between them brought the great adventure to a stand.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="smcap">Hilaire Belloc.</span><br />
+<span class="italic">in Land and Water.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+   <img src="images/i_044.jpg" width="500" height="673"
+        alt="Marshes with death and destruction" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="Cheer_up_Austria_you_have_Germans_and_Bulgarians_to_help_you_this"
+         id="Cheer_up_Austria_you_have_Germans_and_Bulgarians_to_help_you_this"></a>
+   <span class="italic">"Cheer up, Austria, you have Germans and Bulgarians to help you this time"</span></h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>Until October, 1915, the Austro-Hungarian forces entrusted with the
+invasion and subjection of Serbia had failed in their objectives.</p>
+
+<p>After an initial success the armies of the Dual Empire met with several
+defeats and were finally driven across the Danube. At the beginning of
+the year the Serbian campaign was abandoned and Field Marshal Pottionek
+in command of the Austrian Armies was removed from his post.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_046.jpg" width="500" height="612"
+       alt="German, Austrian, and Serbian soldiers" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="FERDINAND_THE_CHAMELEON" id="FERDINAND_THE_CHAMELEON"></a>
+FERDINAND, THE CHAMELEON</h2>
+
+<p>"<span class="italic">I was a Catholic, but needing Russian help, I became a Greek Orthodox.
+Now I need the Austrians I again become Catholic. Should things turn out
+badly I can again revert to Greek Orthodoxy.</span>"</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>Bulgaria must fight at the victor&#39;s side. The Germans and
+Austro-Hungarians are victorious on all fronts. Russia soon will have
+collapsed entirely. Then will come the turn of France, Italy, and
+Serbia. Bulgaria would commit suicide if she did not fight on the side
+of the central powers, which offer the only possibility of realizing her
+desire for union of all Bulgarian peoples.</p>
+
+<p>In the beginning none could foresee how events would develop and which
+side would be victorious. If the Government had resolved to participate
+in the great war it might have committed the fault of joining the side
+that would have been beaten, and thus jeopardize the existence of the
+present Bulgarian Empire.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">From Bulgarian Manifesto.<br />
+October, 1915.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[Pg 41]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+   <img src="images/i_048.jpg" width="500" height="770"
+        alt="King Ferdinand" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[Pg 42]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="SERBIA_AUTUMN_1915" id="SERBIA_AUTUMN_1915"></a>
+SERBIA. AUTUMN, 1915</h2>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="italic">"Now we can make an end of him"</span></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>The Balkan campaign is the easiest task ever intrusted to an army
+leader. If the present plan is carried out it will be impossible for the
+Allies to escape capture or disaster, and the only real military task is
+to accomplish all this with the smallest possible loss to ourselves.</p>
+
+<p>Even with the greatest force the Anglo-French Governments can muster the
+Germanic armies will outnumber them two to one, while the Austro-German
+artillery is in the proportion of five to one.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">The Azest, Budapest,<br />
+October, 1915.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[Pg 43]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+   <img src="images/i_050.jpg" width="500" height="676"
+        alt="Serbian soldier surrounded by towering enemies" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[Pg 44]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="OCTOBER_IN_SERBIA" id="OCTOBER_IN_SERBIA"></a>
+OCTOBER IN SERBIA</h2>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="italic">(October in Holland is called the "butcher&#39;s month," as the flocks are
+then killed preparatory to the winter.)</span></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>On October 7th, 1915, an army of 400,000 Austrians, Hungarians and
+Germans forced the Danube and commenced the great drive on Serbia; by
+the 10th the invaders had captured Belgrade. At the same moment the
+Bulgarians in great force attacked the Serbians on their right flank and
+by the 28th joined forces with the Teutonic troops.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[Pg 45]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+   <img src="images/i_052.jpg" width="500" height="688"
+        alt="Central Powers&#39; leaders slaughtering a sheep" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[Pg 46]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="THE_KAISER_COUNTS_THE_BAG" id="THE_KAISER_COUNTS_THE_BAG"></a>
+THE KAISER COUNTS THE BAG</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>On October 13, 1915, about 9:30 at night, fire opened from the skies on
+the centre of London. That same evening parts of the Eastern Counties
+were attacked. In London alone 32 were killed and 95 injured, and the
+total casualties for the whole area of the raid that night were 56
+killed and 113 wounded. A number of houses were damaged, and several
+fires started. Most of the victims were ordinary working folk, doing
+their ordinary work. Motor omnibus conductors died in the street, a
+messenger boy was killed when delivering a message, a potman died at his
+work, a caterer was killed while returning from a Masonic lodge, a
+carman&#39;s daughter was injured in the legs and lingered until the next
+morning, a waitress was done to death while returning from a Young
+Women&#39;s Guild, and so on.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">Times History of the War.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[Pg 47]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+   <img src="images/i_054.jpg" width="500" height="698"
+        alt="The Kaiser and children in body bags." title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[Pg 48]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="THE_ENTRY_INTO_CONSTANTINOPLE" id="THE_ENTRY_INTO_CONSTANTINOPLE"></a>
+   "THE ENTRY INTO CONSTANTINOPLE"</h2>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="italic">The Kaiser: "Who is this man?"</span></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>The German Emperor will spend Christmas in Constantinople at the head of
+his victorious troops.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">The Pesti-Napols, Budapest.<br />
+October, 1915.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[Pg 49]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+   <img src="images/i_056.jpg" width="500" height="674"
+        alt="The Kaiser on horseback with Jesus on the back of an ass" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[Pg 50]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="GO_TO_YOUR_HEREDITARY_ENEMY_BULGARIA"
+         id="GO_TO_YOUR_HEREDITARY_ENEMY_BULGARIA"></a>
+    GO TO YOUR HEREDITARY ENEMY, BULGARIA
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>It must not be forgotten that Greece is an independent nation that
+disposes of its fate in full sovereignty. The Austro-German attack on
+Serbia releases Greece at least from the obligation of armed
+intervention, and independent of that attack it is materially impossible
+for Serbia to give Greece the support of 150,000 men stipulated in the
+treaty in case of war with Bulgaria, the Entente powers have not
+furnished a contingent equivalent.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">Grecian Note of October 26, 1915.</span></p>
+
+<p>I deplored the fact that Serbia is being left to be crushed by Bulgaria,
+Greece&#39;s hereditary enemy, who will not scruple later to fall on Greece
+herself.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">From speech of</span> <span class="smcap">Venizelos</span><br />
+<span class="italic">before dissolution of his Government.<br />
+November 3, 1915.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[Pg 51]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+   <img src="images/i_058.jpg" width="500" height="738"
+        alt="Ancient Greek and King Constantine I" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[Pg 52]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="THEY_BOWED_THE_KNEE_BEFORE_HIM" id="THEY_BOWED_THE_KNEE_BEFORE_HIM"></a>
+    "THEY BOWED THE KNEE BEFORE HIM"
+</h2>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="italic">The extermination of Armenian Christians, Autumn of 1915</span></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>These atrocities had as their deliberate object the extermination of the
+Armenian race, and it is not difficult to assess the guilt. The guilt
+lay with the Young Turkish Government at Constantinople and with the
+local officials who acted in collusion with them. But there was a
+greater criminal even than the Young Turkish Government, for behind
+Turkey stood the country that was Turkey&#39;s ally and the dominant partner
+in the policy she pursued. There was a considerable variation in the
+conduct of individual Germans in Turkey. The German missionaries seem to
+have stood laudably by their principles, and the German Vice-Consul at
+Erzerum is said to have sent the exiles relief. But in the Aleppo
+province and Cilicia the German officials, both military and civil,
+threw themselves actively into the Young Turks&#39; scheme; at Moush and Van
+German officers are believed to have participated directly in the
+slaughter, and at Erzerum they are reported to have taken their share of
+the Armenian girls.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">Times History of the War.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[Pg 53]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+   <img src="images/i_060.jpg" width="500" height="677"
+        alt="Central Powers mocking Jesus" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[Pg 54]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="DRIVEN_FROM_THE_TEMPLE_OF_HUMANITY" id="DRIVEN_FROM_THE_TEMPLE_OF_HUMANITY"></a>
+    DRIVEN FROM THE TEMPLE OF HUMANITY</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>If the Porte considers it necessary that Armenian insurrections can
+either go on or should be crushed so as to exclude all possibility of
+their repetition, then there is no murder and no atrocity, but simply
+measures of a justifiable and a necessary kind.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="smcap">Count von Reventlow.</span></p>
+
+<p>I was asked last night to define German militarism, and there is the
+definition (above) in the devilish spirit of such a judgment and excuse
+for the cowardly massacre of 800,000 human beings, not all men, but
+thousands of women and children.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="smcap">T. P. O&#39;Connor, M.P.</span><br />
+<span class="italic">House of Commons,<br />
+London, November 16, 1915.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[Pg 55]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_062.jpg" width="500" height="705"
+       alt="Jesus driving the Kaiser and Kings out of the temple of humanity" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[Pg 56]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+<h2><a name="THE_OLD_SERB" id="THE_OLD_SERB"></a>THE OLD SERB</h2>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="italic">"Fighting with the Bulgarians against the Turk I lost my brothers, my
+sons fell fighting with the Greeks against Bulgaria, but only when the
+Germans came were my wife and children killed."</span></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>In the three districts of Polzerie, Matchva, and Yadar, the various
+kinds of death and torture inflicted were apportioned as follows:</p>
+
+<table summary="death and torture stats.">
+  <tr><td></td><th>Males</th><th>Females</th></tr>
+  <tr><td>Victims shot</td><td class="numbr">345</td><td class="numbr">64</td></tr>
+  <tr><td>Victims killed with knives</td><td class="numbr">113</td><td class="numbr">27</td></tr>
+  <tr><td>Victims hanged</td><td class="numbr">7</td><td class="numbr">6</td></tr>
+  <tr><td>Victims massacred and clubbed to death with sticks and butt-ends of rifles</td><td class="numbr">48</td><td class="numbr">26</td></tr>
+  <tr><td>Victims disemboweled</td><td class="numbr">2</td><td class="numbr">4</td></tr>
+  <tr><td>Victims burned alive</td><td class="numbr">35</td><td class="numbr">96</td></tr>
+  <tr><td>Victims pinioned and robbed</td><td class="numbr">52</td><td class="numbr">12</td></tr>
+  <tr><td>Victims whose arms were cut off, torn off, or broken</td><td class="numbr">5</td><td class="numbr">1</td></tr>
+  <tr><td>Victims whose legs were cut off or broken</td><td class="numbr">3</td><td class="numbr">0</td></tr>
+  <tr><td>Victims whose noses were cut off</td><td class="numbr">28</td><td class="numbr">6</td></tr>
+  <tr><td>Victims whose ears were cut off</td><td class="numbr">31</td><td class="numbr">7</td></tr>
+  <tr><td>Victims whose eyes were put out</td><td class="numbr">30</td><td class="numbr">38</td></tr>
+  <tr><td>Victims whose genital organs were mutilated</td><td class="numbr">3</td><td class="numbr">3</td></tr>
+  <tr><td>Victims whose skin was cut in strips, or portions of their face detached</td><td class="numbr">15</td><td class="numbr">3</td></tr>
+  <tr><td>Victims stoned</td><td class="numbr">12</td><td class="numbr">1</td></tr>
+  <tr><td>Victims whose breasts were cut off</td><td class="numbr">0</td><td class="numbr">2</td></tr>
+  <tr><td>Victims cut in pieces</td><td class="numbr">17</td><td class="numbr">16</td></tr>
+  <tr><td>Victims beheaded</td><td class="numbr">1</td><td class="numbr">0</td></tr>
+  <tr><td>Little girl thrown to the pigs</td><td class="numbr">0</td><td class="numbr">1</td></tr>
+  <tr><td>Victims killed without the manner of their deaths being specified</td><td class="numbr">240</td><td class="numbr">5</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">Serbian Government Report,</span><br />
+<span class="smcap">Professor R. A. Reiss,</span><br />
+<span class="italic">University of Lausanne,<br />
+Switzerland.</span><br /></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[Pg 57]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_064.jpg" width="500" height="640"
+       alt="The old Serb" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[Pg 58]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="NEW_PEACE_OFFERS" id="NEW_PEACE_OFFERS"></a>NEW PEACE OFFERS
+</h2>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="italic">Von Bethmann-Hollweg: "The worst of it is, I must always deny having
+been there."</span></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>In reality none of our enemies has approached us with suggestions of
+peace. Our enemies have rather considered it to their interest to
+attribute to us falsely offers of peace. Both facts have the same
+explanation&mdash;self-deception beyond compare, which we would only make
+worse if we approached them with peace proposals, instead of waiting for
+them to come to us.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="smcap">Von Bethmann-Hollweg.</span><br />
+<span class="italic">Reichstag, December 5, 1915.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[Pg 59]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_066.jpg" width="500" height="688"
+       alt="Von Bethmann-Hollweg being kicked out"
+     title="New peace offers" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[Pg 60]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="FERDINAND_SEN_VA_TEN_GUERRE_NE_SAIT_SIL_REVIENDRA"
+       id="FERDINAND_SEN_VA_TEN_GUERRE_NE_SAIT_SIL_REVIENDRA"></a>
+  FERDINAND S&#39;EN VA T&#39;EN GUERRE NE SAIT S&#39;IL REVIENDRA
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>In true comradeship the glorious triumphal march of your Majesty&#39;s
+nation in arms began, which, under the guidance of its illustrious War
+Lord, has added one sublime leaf of glory to another in the history of
+Bulgaria. In order to give visible expression to my feelings for such
+deeds, and to the feelings of all Germany, I have begged your Majesty to
+accept the dignity of Prussian Field Marshal, and I am, with my army,
+happy that you, by accepting it, also in this sense <span class="italic">have become one of
+us</span>.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">The</span> <span class="smcap">German Emperor</span> <span class="italic">to</span><br />
+<span class="smcap">King Ferdinand</span> <span class="italic">of Bulgaria</span><br />
+<span class="italic">at Nish, Serbia, December, 1916.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[Pg 61]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_068.jpg" width="500" height="726"
+       alt="King Ferdinand" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[Pg 62]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="THE_VOICE_OF_THE_PEOPLE" id="THE_VOICE_OF_THE_PEOPLE"></a>
+  THE VOICE OF THE PEOPLE
+</h2>
+
+<p><span class="italic">The Kaiser: "Don&#39;t bother about your people, &#39;Tino. They
+must do what we say."</span></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>The Venizelist "Patris" took another view of the situation on the same
+date:</p>
+
+<p>Only those who are unable to foresee things, or who are panic-stricken,
+would be unable to foretell the evolution of the events immediately
+following the Austro-German attack on Serbia. The Central Empires, not
+disposing enough troops for this campaign, needed the Bulgars, with whom
+they associated; but they also needed the neutrality of Greece, because
+without it Bulgaria would be unable to cooperate with them, as she would
+have to defend herself against Greece. In order to secure Bulgar help,
+the Austro-Germans used the method of compensation. The whole of Serbian
+Macedonia, a part of Old Serbia, an exit on the Adriatic Sea,
+concessions at the expense of Turkey&mdash;all this was a part of the
+national problem of the Bulgarian lust of conquest. It was in this way
+that the Bulgarians undertook the assassin&#39;s job of striking Serbia from
+behind. In order to secure the neutrality of Greece, the Austro-Germans
+resorted to the Prussian method of terrorism, inasmuch as no other
+concessions and compensations were at hand. Both methods have been
+equally successful.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">The Athens "Patris" Current History.<br />
+Special Staff Correspondence. December, 1915.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[Pg 63]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_070.jpg" width="500" height="601"
+       alt="Central Powers&#39; leaders" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[Pg 64]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="TRUTH" id="TRUTH"></a>TRUTH</h2>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="italic">As painted by the German Chancellor</span></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>It is well known that France granted loans to Russia only under the
+condition that it develop its Polish fortresses and railroads against
+us; also that England and France regarded Belgium as their route of
+advance against us. We must protect ourselves politically and militarily
+against this, and also insure our economic development.</p>
+
+<p>As I said on Aug. 19, we are not the ones who are threatening the small
+nations. We are battling in this struggle, forced upon us, not to
+subjugate foreign nations, but to protect our life and freedom. This war
+remains for the German Government what it was in the beginning and what
+has been maintained in every pronunciamento&mdash;a defensive war of the
+German Nation for its future.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="smcap">Von Bethmann-Hollweg.</span><br />
+<span class="italic">Reichstag, December 9, 1915.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[Pg 65]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_072.jpg" width="500" height="733"
+       alt="Von Bethmann-Hollweg and a painted woman" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[Pg 66]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="THE_EVACUATION_OF_GALLIPOLI"
+       id="THE_EVACUATION_OF_GALLIPOLI"></a>
+  THE EVACUATION OF GALLIPOLI
+</h2>
+
+<p><span class="italic">"What are you firing at? The British left twenty-four hours ago!"</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="italic">"Sorry, Sir&mdash;and what a glorious victory."</span></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>The enemy were completely deceived. On the afternoon of December 20,
+1915, a vigorous attack was begun in the Cape Helles area against some
+trenches at the head of the Krithia ravine. With the help of fire from
+warships, the trenches were taken with small loss, and held against
+counter-attacks delivered that night. This operation helped to divert
+the enemy&#39;s attention. At 3.30 <span class="smcap">A. M</span>. on the morning of December 21 a
+huge mine was exploded by the Anzacs near Russell&#39;s Top. The Turks
+thought the Anzacs were about to attack, and for forty minutes they
+blazed away furiously with their rifles at the empty trenches. The
+Australians left many letters of farewell to the Turks, assuring them
+that they were clean fighters and that the Australians hoped to meet
+them again.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">Times History of the War.</span></p>
+
+<p>The retirement from Gallipoli was one of the finest operations in
+military or naval history. It will take an imperishable place in our
+national history.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="smcap">H. H. Asquith</span>, <span class="italic">Prime Minister,</span><br />
+<span class="italic">House of Commons, January 10, 1916</span>.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[Pg 67]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_074.jpg" width="500" height="672"
+       alt="Ottoman Emperor with soldier" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[Pg 68]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="CHRISTMAS_1916" id="CHRISTMAS_1916"></a>
+  CHRISTMAS, 1916
+</h2>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="italic">"The holy war is at the door"</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[Pg 69]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_076.jpg" width="500" height="629"
+       alt="St. Joseph boarding up the entrance to the stable" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[Pg 70]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="NEW_YEARS_FEAST_OF_KULTUR" id="NEW_YEARS_FEAST_OF_KULTUR"></a>
+  NEW YEAR&#39;S FEAST OF KULTUR
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>The British Liner <span class="italic">Persia</span> was sunk by a German submarine on December
+30, 1915, southeast of Crete, while on her way to the Orient. American
+Consul McNeeley, on his way to his post at Arden, was among the 335
+persons who lost their lives, of which two or more were Americans.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[Pg 71]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_078.jpg" width="500" height="697"
+       alt="Monster devouring the floating dead" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[Pg 72]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="THE_POILU" id="THE_POILU"></a>THE POILU</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>We are not going to grow weary. France has confidence because you are
+there. How often have I heard your officers say: "Never, in any age,
+have we had a finer army. Never have men been better trained, braver,
+more heroic than ours!" Everywhere that I have seen you I have felt
+myself tremble with admiration and hope. You will conquer. The year now
+opening will bring you, my friends, the pride of finishing the defeat of
+the enemy, the joy of returning to your homes, and the sweetness of
+celebrating the victory there amid those you love.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">The President of France<br />
+to French Troops, January, 1916.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[Pg 73]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_080.jpg" width="500" height="715"
+       alt="A French solider" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[Pg 74]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="THE_TRIALS_OF_A_COURT_PAINTER"
+       id="THE_TRIALS_OF_A_COURT_PAINTER"></a>
+  THE TRIALS OF A COURT PAINTER
+</h2>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="italic">"I commenced this as the entry into Paris, but I
+must finish it as the entry into Nish"</span></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>Hail Emperor, C&aelig;sar and King! Thou art victor and glorious. In
+ancient Nish all the peoples of the East salute thee, the redeemer,
+bringing to the oppressed prosperity and salvation.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="smcap">King Ferdinand of Bulgaria</span><br />
+to the German Emperor<br />
+<span class="italic">On the occasion of the<br />
+triumphal entry of the two<br />
+Monarchs into Nish. January, 1916.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[Pg 75]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_082.jpg" width="500" height="647"
+       alt="Court painter" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[Pg 76]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="VON_DER_GOLTZ_GOES_TO_THE_PROMISED_LAND"
+         id="VON_DER_GOLTZ_GOES_TO_THE_PROMISED_LAND"></a>
+  VON DER GOLTZ GOES TO THE PROMISED LAND
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>In January, 1916, Field Marshal Baron von der Goltz was appointed
+commander in chief of the Turkish Armies in the Caucasus. The serious
+nature of the Turkish situation in the Caucasus seems to have been
+realised in Berlin but the veteran German general was unable to stem the
+advance of the victorious Russians who were shortly afterwards to
+capture the great fortress of Erzerum with its entire garrison, guns and
+supplies.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[Pg 77]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_084.jpg" width="500" height="607"
+       alt="Field Marshal Baron von der Goltz riding on a camel" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[Pg 78]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="THE_BURIAL_OF_PRIVATE_WALKER"
+         id="THE_BURIAL_OF_PRIVATE_WALKER"></a>
+  THE BURIAL OF PRIVATE WALKER
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>On September 9, 1914, Joseph Walker enlisted for the duration of the
+war; on January 11, 1916, the sea bore his dead body to the dyke at West
+Capelle. This afternoon, at 1 <span class="smcap">P.M.</span>, while the northwest wind whistled
+over Walcheren, the English soldier was buried in the churchyard of West
+Capelle.</p>
+
+<p>First the vice-consul in the name of England spread the British flag
+over him who for England had sacrificed his young life. Four men of West
+Capelle carried the coffin outside and placed it at the foot of the
+tower, that old gray giant, which has witnessed so much world&#39;s woe,
+here opposite the sea. It was a simple, but touching ceremony.</p>
+
+<p>"Man that is born of a woman hath but a short time to live.... He cometh
+forth like a flower and is cut down." Thus spoke the voice of the
+minister and the wind carried his words, and the wind played with the
+flag of England, the flag that flies over all seas, in Flanders, in
+France, in the Balkans, in Egypt, as the symbol of threatened
+freedom&mdash;the flag whose folds here covered a fallen warrior.</p>
+
+<p>And in the roaring storm we went our way. There was he carried, the
+soldier come to rest, and the flag fluttered in the wind and wrapped
+itself round that son of England. Then the coffin sank into the ground
+and the hearts of us, the departing witnesses, were sore. Earth fell on
+it, and the preacher said: "Earth to earth, dust to dust."</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">From the Amsterdam Telegraaf,<br />
+January, 1916.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[Pg 79]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_086.jpg" width="500" height="671"
+       alt="The Burial of Private Walker" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[Pg 80]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="COME_AND_BE_HAPPY_AT_POTSDAM"
+         id="COME_AND_BE_HAPPY_AT_POTSDAM"></a>
+         "COME AND BE HAPPY AT POTSDAM"
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>The little Kingdom of Montenegro was conquered by the Austrians in
+January, 1916. Although the Austrians were present in overwhelming
+force, a substantial part of the Montenegrin Army were able to escape
+and join the Serbs who were in Albania.</p>
+
+<p>Upon the fall of Montenegro, the Kaiser invited the King to accept
+German hospitality in Berlin. The King refused and escaped to France,
+taking up his residence at Lyon.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[Pg 81]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_088.jpg" width="500" height="657"
+       alt="The Kaiser and the King of Montenegro" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[Pg 82]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="TOM_THUMB_AND_THE_GIANT"
+         id="TOM_THUMB_AND_THE_GIANT"></a>
+          TOM THUMB AND THE GIANT
+</h2>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="italic">"Come and save me, you know I am fond of children"</span></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>On February 1, 1916, the small fishing trawler <span class="italic">King Stephen</span> from
+Grimsby found the German Zeppelin L 19 floating in the North Sea with
+her crew clinging to her. The captain of the trawler refused to take the
+crew of the Zeppelin on board his boat, fearing he would be overpowered
+and captured. His action caused a great outcry in Germany,
+notwithstanding the fact that the Zeppelin was doubtless responsible for
+the death of many women and children in England and had actually dropped
+a bomb on a steamer during the previous night and left the crew to
+perish.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[Pg 83]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_090.jpg" width="500" height="609"
+       alt="Zeppelin L 19 sinking" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[Pg 84]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="ON_THE_WAY_TO_BAGDAD"
+         id="ON_THE_WAY_TO_BAGDAD"></a>
+          ON THE WAY TO BAGDAD
+</h2>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="italic">"Halt"</span></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>The assault on the forts (Erzerum) and the principal position lasted
+from February 11 till February 15 inclusive. After we had taken the
+forts on the left flank of the principal Turkish line of defense,
+extending about 27 miles, the fate of the forts in the centre and on the
+right flank, and, after them, of the second line forts and the principal
+defensive position, was decided on February 16 after short attacks.
+These fortifications, which were full of Turkish dead, remained in our
+possession.</p>
+
+<p>During the assault on the fortress several Turkish regiments were
+annihilated or made prisoners with all their officers. On the line of
+forts alone we took 197 pieces of artillery of various calibres in good
+condition. In the defence works of the central fortress we took another
+126 pieces of artillery. In the fortified region of Erzerum we took a
+large number of dep&ocirc;ts of various kinds, which have already been
+mentioned by the Headquarter Staff. The exact number of Turkish
+prisoners is 235 officers and 12,753 men.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">Russian Official Report on<br />
+the Capture of Erzerum.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[Pg 85]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_092.jpg" width="500" height="657"
+       alt="A Russian soldier striking a German soldier" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[Pg 86]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="THE_HOLY_WAR" id="THE_HOLY_WAR"></a>THE HOLY WAR</h2>
+
+<p><span class="italic">The Turk: "But he is so great."</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="italic">William: "No one is great save Allah and I am his Prophet."</span></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>About the time Turkey became involved in the war a telegram was
+published as having been sent from Kaiser Wilhelm to the Crown Prince
+announcing with evident satisfaction that the supreme Moslem authorities
+at Constantinople had given their sanction to the declaration of a Holy
+War against Russia, England, and France "as oppressors of the Moslems."
+At one time it looked as though the aspirations implied by this message
+might be carried out. There was a mutiny at Singapore in which Moslem
+troops were implicated; there were outbreaks in the Italian Tripolitana
+and among the Senoussi tribesmen on the western border of Egypt; there
+was at least a threat against the Suez Canal, from the direction of
+Beersheba, and there was, or seemed to be, the possibility of a
+pro-German uprising in Persia. The advance of the Russians from the
+Caspian has dissipated this last possibility; the Suez Canal is no
+longer even threatened; the Senoussi have given their submission.
+Finally, from India, from Sultan Mohammed Aga Khan, who is the spiritual
+head of the many million Moslems in India, comes a declaration which
+shows that the hopes of a holy war, as it seems to have been expected in
+Germany, were never anything more than a myth.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">"Current History," New York.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[Pg 87]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_094.jpg" width="500" height="647"
+       alt="The Kaiser and Ottoman soldier opposing a Russian Cossack" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[Pg 88]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="The_Kaiser_Your_ruthlessness_has_failed_Tirpitz_I_must_pin_my"
+       id="The_Kaiser_Your_ruthlessness_has_failed_Tirpitz_I_must_pin_my"></a>
+  The Kaiser: "Your ruthlessness has failed, Tirpitz; I must pin my faith
+  to Count Zeppelin."
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>The ruthless submarine policy introduced by von Tirpitz earlier in the
+war and which was guaranteed to "bring proud Albion to her knees" had
+completely failed in its object by Spring, 1916. After a bitter fight
+between von Tirpitz and his opponents of whom the chief was the
+Chancellor himself, the Admiral on March 16, 1916, resigned his office
+of Secretary of State for the Imperial Navy.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[Pg 89]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_096.jpg" width="500" height="594"
+       alt="The Kaiser and Admiral von Tirpitz" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[Pg 90]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+<h2><a name="GOTT_STRAFE_ENGLAND" id="GOTT_STRAFE_ENGLAND"></a>GOTT STRAFE ENGLAND</h2>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="italic">"Father says I must do the same with France"</span></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>We have seen that corps were specially called back to the interior of
+Germany for reposing, training and even feeding calculated towards the
+end in view. Light railways were built upon every side. Heavy artillery
+was concentrated to the number of over one thousand pieces&mdash;all that
+could be spared&mdash;and slowly massed in the woods by Spincourt, and an
+immense head of shell accumulated during the four winter months. The
+unfit were thoroughly combed out and every possible man taken to swell
+the German effectives. Class 1916 after some four months&#39; training was
+sent forward to the local depots behind the front with the object of
+throwing it into the fighting the moment the losses should become
+serious. Class 1917 began to be called out (in the month of December).
+On the 19th of February, 1916, the first shots of the intensive
+bombardment against the Verdun sector were fired, and on Monday the 21st
+of February the great German offensive was launched.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="smcap">Hilaire Belloc.</span><br />
+<span class="italic">in Land and Water.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[Pg 91]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_098.jpg" width="500" height="706"
+       alt="The German Crown Prince" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[Pg 92]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="William_You_lead_new_Regiments_upon_Verdun_whilst_I_weep_over_the"
+       id="William_You_lead_new_Regiments_upon_Verdun_whilst_I_weep_over_the"></a>
+  William: "You lead new Regiments upon Verdun, whilst I weep over
+  the losses of the old ones."
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>Of the German Corps known to have been engaged the 3rd and 18th Corps
+have been entirely used up, or "spent," as the military phrase goes. The
+7th Reserve Corps has lost half, and the 15th Corps three-quarters, of
+its available strengths. The German forces had by the evening of March 3
+"used up," in addition to those already mentioned, a part of the 113th
+Division, the 5th Reserve Corps, and the Bavarian Ersatz Division,
+without taking into account the losses of other reinforcements, whose
+presence on the battlefield has not yet been definitely ascertained.</p>
+
+<p>None of the prisoners questioned estimated the losses suffered by their
+companies at less than one-third of the total effectives. Taking into
+account all available indications, it may safely be assumed that, during
+the fighting of the last 13 days, the Germans have lost in killed,
+wounded, and prisoners at least 100,000 men.</p>
+
+<p class="citation">Lord Northcliffe&#39;s <span class="italic">Despatch</span><br />
+<span class="italic">from Verdun, March 4, 1916</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[Pg 93]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_100.jpg" width="500" height="647"
+       alt="The Kaiser weeping" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[Pg 94]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="NOBODY_SEES_ME_SO_I_CAN_ALWAYS_DENY_IT"
+       id="NOBODY_SEES_ME_SO_I_CAN_ALWAYS_DENY_IT"></a>
+  "NOBODY SEES ME, SO I CAN ALWAYS DENY IT."
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>In March, 1916, a great neutral passenger ship, the Dutch Liner
+<span class="italic">Tubantia</span>, was sunk in the North Sea. All the passengers and crew were
+saved with one exception. The Dutch Government protested to the German
+Government which disclaimed all responsibility, stating that the
+explosion which sunk the vessel must have been due to a British mine.
+During the Dutch Government&#39;s investigation members of the crew
+testified to having seen the wake of a torpedo although no submarine was
+observed. Evidence was produced which indicated that the <span class="italic">Tubantia</span> was
+the victim of a submarine attack.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[Pg 95]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_102.jpg" width="500" height="645"
+       alt="Submerged German diver attacking swimmer" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[Pg 96]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="PAN_GERMANICUS_AS_PEACE_MAKER"
+       id="PAN_GERMANICUS_AS_PEACE_MAKER"></a>
+  PAN GERMANICUS AS PEACE MAKER
+</h2>
+
+<p><span class="italic">The Dove: "They say they do not want peace as they have time
+enough."</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="italic">The Eagle: "Alas! That is just what we haven&#39;t got."</span></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>Gentlemen, I have spoken candidly. I have been able to say openly that
+we desire peace, because the German Nation is sufficiently strong, and
+because it is resolved to continue the fight in defense of home and
+country should its enemies not wish for peace.</p>
+
+<p>The Imperial Chancellor knows that the whole world is waiting in
+breathless expectation his reply to our interpellation. I trust that he
+will find the redeeming words, and that he will express his readiness to
+enter into peace negotiations.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="smcap">Philip Scheidemann</span>,<br />
+<span class="italic">Chairman German Socialist Party,<br />
+Reichstag, March, 1916.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[Pg 97]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_104.jpg" width="500" height="608"
+       alt="Philip Scheidemann in a dove costume and the Kaiser in an eagle costume"
+     title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[Pg 98]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="We_have_only_come_to_see_that_the_English_dont_threaten_you"
+       id="We_have_only_come_to_see_that_the_English_dont_threaten_you"></a>
+  "We have only come to see that the English don&#39;t threaten you."
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>The Germans left no stones unturned to influence the Dutch in their
+favor. They deluged the newspaper offices with free propaganda,
+telegraphed at great expense from Berlin, and supplied free copies of
+the Berlin Journals. Everything possible was to spread distrust of the
+English, who were constantly accused of having designs on the integrity
+of Holland and of desiring to take possession of the Scheldt. This was
+carried so far that a panic was created on March 31, 1916, by the report
+of landing of the Entente forces in Zeeland. The report, which was
+without any foundation, was circulated by the Germans and spread like
+wild fire around the country.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">The Times History of the War.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[Pg 99]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_106.jpg" width="500" height="770"
+       alt="German soldiers forcing open a door" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[Pg 100]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="HOHENZOLLERN_MADNESS"
+         id="HOHENZOLLERN_MADNESS"></a>
+  HOHENZOLLERN MADNESS
+</h2>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="italic">The storming of Dead Man&#39;s Hill</span></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>We figure that the attempt to rush this important position (their object
+was to capture Le Mort Homme, in order to render untenable the key
+sector of Pepper Hill and Douaumont) cost the Germans fully 30,000 men,
+of whom an unusually high proportion were killed, owing to their
+inability to succor and save the slightly wounded.</p>
+
+<p>Perhaps now the enemy will realize that he has reached a stalemate, for
+the abrupt breakdown of yesterday&#39;s attempt against Vaux and Douaumont
+proves once more it is impossible to advance there while we hold Le Mort
+Homme, and the latter must seem to be impregnable.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">French Official Eyewitness.<br />
+March 26, 1916.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[Pg 101]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_108.jpg" width="500" height="648"
+       alt="The Kaiser and Crown Prince driving soldiers into the arms of &#39;death&#39;"
+     title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[Pg 102]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="MY_SON_LIES_HERE_WHERE_ARE_YOURS"
+       id="MY_SON_LIES_HERE_WHERE_ARE_YOURS"></a>
+  "MY SON LIES HERE, WHERE ARE YOURS?"
+</h2>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[Pg 103]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_110.jpg" width="500" height="684"
+       alt="The Kaiser and a widow" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[Pg 104]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="THE_OLD_POILU" id="THE_OLD_POILU"></a>THE OLD POILU</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>Soldiers of the Army of Verdun! For three weeks you have been exposed to
+the most formidable assaults yet attempted against us by the enemy.
+Germany counted upon the success of this effort, which she believed to
+be irresistible, and to which she has devoted her best troops and her
+most powerful artillery. She hoped that the capture of Verdun would
+revive the courage of her allies and would convince neutral countries of
+German superiority. She had reckoned without you. Night and day, despite
+a bombardment without precedent, you have resisted all attacks and
+maintained our positions. The struggle is not yet at an end, for the
+Germans require a victory. You will succeed in wresting it from them. We
+have munitions and reserves in abundance; but, above all, you have
+indomitable courage and faith in the destinies of the Republic. The eyes
+of the country are upon you. You will be among those of whom it will be
+said: they barred the road to Verdun to the Germans.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="smcap">General Joffre</span> <span class="italic">to<br />
+the French Army at Verdun,<br />
+March, 1916.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[Pg 105]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_112.jpg" width="500" height="709"
+       alt="An old soldier" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[Pg 106]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="GERMAN_CHIVALRY_ON_THE_SEA"
+       id="GERMAN_CHIVALRY_ON_THE_SEA"></a>
+  "GERMAN CHIVALRY ON THE SEA"
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>The British Submarine <span class="italic">E13</span> ran aground on the Danish Island of Saltholm
+within the three mile limit. Whilst in this helpless position, unable to
+attack or to defend herself she was shelled by a large German destroyer.
+Of her crew of thirty, fifteen were killed.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[Pg 107]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_114.jpg" width="500" height="567"
+       alt="German navy bombarding a submarine" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[Pg 108]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="THE_ETERNAL_BARRAGE" id="THE_ETERNAL_BARRAGE"></a>
+  THE ETERNAL BARRAGE
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>The British Official Press Bureau reports the German casualties during
+February, 1916, at 35,198, of whom 10,211 were killed or died either of
+wounds or sickness; 2,017 missing, 5,217 severely wounded, 1,340
+prisoners, 11,865 slightly wounded. The German casualties during March,
+including the slaughter at Verdun and the sanguinary struggles in the
+eastern theatre, are estimated at 175,000. This estimate, added to the
+previous reports, swell the German losses since the beginning of the
+war&mdash;including all German nationalities: Prussians, Bavarians, Saxons,
+and W&uuml;rttembergers, but excluding naval and colonial casualties&mdash;to the
+grand total of 2,842,372, of which number about 660,000 were killed and
+died of wounds, 40,000 died of sickness, 120,000 are prisoners, 220,000
+are missing, 365,000 are severely wounded, 265,000 wounded, about
+1,050,000 slightly wounded, 140,000 wounded remaining with units. The
+number killed in action, estimating one-half the missing as killed, is
+over 25 per cent. of the total.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[Pg 109]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_116.jpg" width="500" height="341"
+       alt="The Kaiser riding a horse into a line of skeletons" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[Pg 110]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="VON_BETHMANN-HOLLWEGS_PEACE_SONG"
+       id="VON_BETHMANN-HOLLWEGS_PEACE_SONG"></a>
+  VON BETHMANN-HOLLWEG&#39;S PEACE SONG
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>This new Europe in many respects cannot resemble the past. The blood
+which has been shed will never be repaid, and the wealth which has been
+destroyed can only slowly be replaced. But, whatever else this Europe
+may be, it must be for the nations that inhabit it a land of peaceful
+labor. The peace which shall end this war shall be a lasting peace. It
+must not bear the germ of new wars, but must provide for a peaceful
+arrangement of European questions.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="smcap">Von Bethmann-Hollweg.</span><br />
+<span class="italic">Reichstag, April 5, 1916.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[Pg 111]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_118.jpg" width="500" height="710"
+       alt="Von Bethmann-Hollweg at a lectern" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[Pg 112]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="WHY_I_HAVE_KILLED_YOU_TWICE_AND_YOU_DARE_TO_COME_BACK_AGAIN"
+       id="WHY_I_HAVE_KILLED_YOU_TWICE_AND_YOU_DARE_TO_COME_BACK_AGAIN"></a>
+  "WHY, I HAVE KILLED YOU TWICE AND YOU DARE TO COME BACK AGAIN!"
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>The capture of Trebizond, the most important Turkish city on the Black
+Sea, marks another important step in Russia&#39;s historic campaign in Asia
+Minor. After a sanguinary battle at Kara Dera on April 14 the Grand
+Duke&#39;s troops broke through the fierce resistance of the Turks and, with
+the cooperation of the Russian Black Sea Fleet, fought their way three
+days later into the fortified city of Trebizond. With this strongest
+point on the Anatolian coast in Russian hands, the menace to the back
+door of Constantinople becomes imminent.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">Current History, New York.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[Pg 113]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_120.jpg" width="500" height="681"
+       alt="The Kaiser and Russian soldier" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[Pg 114]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="Mais_quand_la_voix_de_Dieu_lappela_il_se_voyait_seul_sur_la_terre_au"
+       id="Mais_quand_la_voix_de_Dieu_lappela_il_se_voyait_seul_sur_la_terre_au"></a>
+  <span class="italic">"Mais quand la voix de Dieu l&#39;appela il se voyait seul sur la terre
+      au milieu de fantomes tristes et sans nombre."</span>
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>The latest estimate of German losses at Verdun is 200,000! Does the
+Kaiser, at safe distance, still "look on"? What blessing has this
+monarch of a great and productive realm brought upon his people?
+Mourning, desolation, and irremediable misery! No triumph, no victory
+can atone for such a deluge of blood and tears! That capricious
+Personage "somewhere in Heaven," whom Wilhelm calls "Unser Gott," may
+possibly resent the deliberate casting away of golden opportunities on
+the part of his crowned earthly "familiar," to whom a peaceful world was
+offered, only to be kicked aside for a battered helmet and broken sword!</p>
+
+<p>"Thrust in thy sickle and reap!" O Emperor of a brief and bitter day!
+The harvest of death, not life!&mdash;the harvest of curses, not blessings!
+The thousands of dead men&mdash;dead in the very strength of
+manhood&mdash;sacrificed in a holocaust on the flaming altar of the wickedest
+war the world has ever seen, may have their own story to tell to "Unser
+Gott"; so may the bereaved and wretched women whose husbands and sons
+have been torn from their arms forever.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="smcap">Marie Corelli</span> <span class="italic">in<br />
+The Sunday Times, London,<br />
+April, 1916.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[Pg 115]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_122.jpg" width="500" height="670"
+       alt="The Kaiser surrounded by corpses" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[Pg 116]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="THE_DEPORTATIONS_FROM_LILLE"
+       id="THE_DEPORTATIONS_FROM_LILLE"></a>
+  THE DEPORTATIONS FROM LILLE
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>The attitude of England renders it increasingly difficult to feed the
+population.</p>
+
+<p>To lessen misery, the German authority has recently asked volunteers to
+work in the country. This offer has not had the success which was
+expected. Consequently the inhabitants will be removed by compulsion and
+transported to the country. Those removed will be sent in the interior
+of French occupied territory far behind the front, where they will be
+employed in agriculture and in no way in military work.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">German Proclamation.<br />
+Lille, April, 1916.</span></p>
+
+<p>Upon the order of General von Graevenitz and with the assistance of
+Infantry Regiment 64, sent by the German General Headquarters, about
+25,000 French, young girls from 16 to 20 years old, young women and men
+up to the age of 55 years, without distinction of social condition, were
+torn from their homes at Roubaix, Tourcoing, and Lille, pitilessly
+separated from their families, and forced to do agricultural work in the
+Departments of the Aisne and Ardennes.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">French Official Report.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[Pg 117]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_124.jpg" width="500" height="660"
+       alt="Civilians being forced by German soldiers" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[Pg 118]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="THE_LAST_THROW" id="THE_LAST_THROW"></a>
+  THE LAST THROW
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>These are not, as our enemies are pretending to believe, the last
+exertions of an exhausted nation, but the hammer blows of a strong,
+invincible people which commands sufficient reserves in men and all
+other means for the continuation of the hammer blows.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">The Prussian War Minister</span>,<br />
+<span class="smcap">General Wild von Hohenborn</span>,<br />
+<span class="italic">the Reichstag, April 11, 1916.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[Pg 119]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_126.jpg" width="500" height="618"
+       alt="The Kaiser and Crown Prince playing dice with &#39;death&#39;"
+     title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[Pg 120]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="RUSSIA_TO_FRANCE" id="RUSSIA_TO_FRANCE"></a>
+  RUSSIA TO FRANCE
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>On the 20th of April, 1916, a number of transports arrived at Marseilles
+carrying a large number of Russian troops for the support of France. The
+troops had come by water through the East. Russian troops continued to
+arrive in France for some time afterwards.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[Pg 121]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_128.jpg" width="500" height="628"
+       alt="Russian troops in France" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[Pg 122]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="THE_DEATHS_HEAD_HUSSAR_AT_VERDUN"
+       id="THE_DEATHS_HEAD_HUSSAR_AT_VERDUN"></a>
+  THE DEATH&#39;S HEAD HUSSAR AT VERDUN
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>In short, with ever-ebbing vigor, the German Army is smashing its head
+against the walls of Verdun. The weight and vigor of the blows decrease,
+but the suicidal mania continues. Two months have passed since the early
+success of the German attack ended with the capture of Vaux village.
+Each resumption of the attempt to take Verdun since that time has been a
+cause for increasing wonder. What is there about this enterprise that
+has turned it into a fatal obsession, from which the German high command
+cannot escape, however great the cost of continuance?</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">From the Paris Figaro.<br />
+April, 1915.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[Pg 123]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_130.jpg" width="500" height="563"
+       alt="The Crown Prince thrown from a horse" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[Pg 124]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="SIR_JUDAS_CASEMENT" id="SIR_JUDAS_CASEMENT"></a>
+  SIR JUDAS CASEMENT
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>On April 24 Sir Roger Casement, a former Consul General, was captured in
+the act of trying to land German arms on the west coast of Ireland. He
+had been conveyed thither in a German submarine, with two Irish soldiers
+from German prisons. A German auxiliary cruiser loaded with 20,000
+rifles and ammunition was taken and sunk at the same time. The vessel
+was sunk by its own men, and the twenty-two German bluejackets on board
+were made prisoners....</p>
+
+<p>Casement had last been heard of in Germany, where he had attempted to
+induce Irish prisoners of war to join an anti-British expedition to
+Ireland. Testimony at his preliminary trial in London subsequently
+showed that on Good Friday he had landed near Tralee from the German
+submarine U-19 with a soldier named Bailey and another named Monteith.
+In "McKinna&#39;s Fort" he was seen to drop a paper containing a code and
+the words: "Await further instructions. Have decided to stay. Further
+ammunition and rifles are needed. Send another ship." The small
+collapsible boat in which he and his companions had landed also helped
+to betray them, and Casement and Bailey were arrested before they could
+get away in the automobile which was waiting for them.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">Current History, New York.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[Pg 125]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_132.jpg" width="500" height="632"
+       alt="&#39;Judas&#39; leading German troops" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[Pg 126]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="GREAT_BRITAIN_AND_IRELAND"
+       id="GREAT_BRITAIN_AND_IRELAND"></a>
+  GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>The manifesto of the Provisional Government of the Irish Republic did
+not secure the support or signature of a single elected representative
+of any section of the Irish people, or of any man who had won influence
+by public services for Ireland. Its signatories were a convicted
+dynamiter, a handful of minor poets, journalists and schoolmasters, a
+junior corporation official, and a Syndicalist leader. The movement,
+wrote Mr. Redmond, was insane and anti-patriotic: "Germany plotted it,
+Germany organized it, Germany paid for it. So far as Germany&#39;s share in
+it is concerned, it is a German invasion of Ireland, as brutal, as
+selfish, as cynical as Germany&#39;s invasion of Belgium."</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">The Times History of the War.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[Pg 127]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_134.jpg" width="500" height="675"
+       alt="&#39;Britain&#39; and &#39;Ireland&#39; with German backstabbers" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[Pg 128]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="THE_GRAVES_OF_ALL_HIS_HOPES"
+       id="THE_GRAVES_OF_ALL_HIS_HOPES"></a>
+  THE GRAVES OF ALL HIS HOPES
+</h2>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[Pg 129]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_136.jpg" width="500" height="665"
+       alt="The Kaiser in surround by tombstones" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[Pg 130]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="THE_SUSSEX" id="THE_SUSSEX"></a>"THE SUSSEX"</h2>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="italic">"You need cooling, my friend"</span></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>I have deemed it my duty, therefore, to say to the Imperial German
+Government that if it is still its purpose to prosecute relentless and
+indiscriminate warfare against vessels of commerce by the use of
+submarines, notwithstanding the now demonstrated impossibility of
+conducting that warfare in accordance with what the Government of the
+United States must consider the sacred and undisputable rules of
+International Law and the universally recognized dictates of humanity,
+the Government of the United States is at last forced to the conclusion
+that there is but one course it can pursue and that unless the German
+Imperial Government should now declare and effect the abandonment of its
+present methods of warfare against passenger and freight-carrying
+vessels, this Government can have no choice but to sever diplomatic
+relations with the Government of the German Empire altogether.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="smcap">President Wilson&#39;s</span><br />
+<span class="italic">Address to Congress,<br />
+April 19, 1916.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[Pg 131]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_138.jpg" width="500" height="695"
+       alt="Wilson holding the Kaiser under a shower" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[Pg 132]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="I_THOUGHT_YOU_SAID_YOU_WERE_TOO_PROUD_TO_FIGHT"
+       id="I_THOUGHT_YOU_SAID_YOU_WERE_TOO_PROUD_TO_FIGHT"></a>
+  "I THOUGHT YOU SAID YOU WERE TOO PROUD TO FIGHT!"
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>This decision I have arrived at, to break off diplomatic relations with
+Germany unless her methods of submarine warfare were abandoned, with the
+keenest regret; the possibility of the action contemplated I am sure all
+thoughtful Americans will look forward to with unaffected reluctance.
+But we cannot forget that we are in some sort and by the force of
+circumstances the responsible spokesmen of the rights of humanity, and
+that we cannot remain silent while those rights seem in process of being
+swept utterly away in the maelstrom of this terrible war. We owe it to a
+due regard for our own rights as a nation, to our sense of duty as a
+representative of the rights of neutrals the world over, and to a just
+conception of the rights of mankind to take this stand now with the
+utmost solemnity and firmness.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="smcap">President Wilson&#39;s</span><br />
+<span class="italic">Address to Congress.<br />
+April 19th, 1916.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[Pg 133]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_140.jpg" width="500" height="647"
+       alt="Wilson and the Kaiser as eagles" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[Pg 134]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="Indeed_I_am_the_most_humane_fellow_in_the_world"
+       id="Indeed_I_am_the_most_humane_fellow_in_the_world"></a>
+  "Indeed, I am the most humane fellow in the world."
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>The German Government attaches no less importance to the sacred
+principles of humanity than the Government of the United States. It
+again fully takes into account that both Governments for many years
+cooperated in developing international law in conformity with these
+principles, the ultimate object of which has always been to confine
+warfare on sea and land to armed forces of belligerents and safeguard as
+far as possible noncombatants against the horrors of war.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">German Gov&#39;t. reply to<br />
+U. S. Government in Sussex Case.<br />
+May, 1916.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[Pg 135]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_142.jpg" width="500" height="684"
+       alt="Uncle Sam and the Kaiser" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[Pg 136]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="Von_Tirpitz_Well_my_dears"
+       id="Von_Tirpitz_Well_my_dears"></a>
+  Von Tirpitz: "Well, my dears, I&#39;m afraid you will have to improve
+  your manners&mdash;for a while at least."
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>The German Government notifies the Government of the United States that
+German naval forces have received the following order:</p>
+
+<p>In accordance with the general principles of visit and search and the
+destruction of merchant vessels, recognized by international law, such
+vessels, both within and without the area declared a naval war zone,
+shall not be sunk without warning and without saving human lives unless
+the ship attempt to escape or offer resistance.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">Imperial German Government<br />
+to United States Government.<br />
+May 4, 1916.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[Pg 137]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_144.jpg" width="500" height="547"
+       alt="Von Tirpitz and U-boat &#39;sharks&#39;" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[Pg 138]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="WELL_MR_PRESIDENT_IF_YOU_INSIST_WE_SHALL_TRY_TO_BEHAVE_LIKE"
+         id="WELL_MR_PRESIDENT_IF_YOU_INSIST_WE_SHALL_TRY_TO_BEHAVE_LIKE"></a>
+  "WELL, MR. PRESIDENT, IF YOU INSIST, WE SHALL TRY TO BEHAVE LIKE GENTLEMEN."
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>In view of the circumstances the German Government frankly admits that
+the assurance given to the American Government, in accordance with which
+passenger vessels were not to be attacked without warning, has not been
+adhered to in the present case. As was intimated by the undersigned in
+the note of the 4th instant, the German Government does not hesitate to
+draw from this resultant consequences. It therefore expresses to the
+American Government its sincere regret regarding the deplorable incident
+and declares its readiness to pay an adequate indemnity to the injured
+American citizens. It also disapproved of the conduct of the commander,
+who has been appropriately punished.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="smcap">Von Jagow</span>,<br />
+<span class="italic">German Foreign Secretary<br />
+to United States Government,<br />
+8th May, 1916.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[Pg 139]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_146.jpg" width="500" height="657"
+       alt="The Kaiser dressed as a hobo with Wilson" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[Pg 140]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="GOTT_STRAFE_VERDUN" id="GOTT_STRAFE_VERDUN"></a>
+  GOTT STRAFE VERDUN
+</h2>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="italic">"I wish I knew whether it is wiser to retreat or to advance"</span></p>
+
+<h3>VERDUN</h3>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>For more than two months the battle of Verdun has raged almost
+ceaselessly day and night. It is conceded that Germany has concentrated
+picked troops and heavy guns in quantities never before seen in war.
+Yet, apart from the first withdrawal of General Petain&#39;s army from
+outlying positions to definite lines of defense, the two months fighting
+has not given the attacking forces a gain of two miles.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">Current History, New York.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[Pg 141]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_148.jpg" width="500" height="636"
+       alt="German soldier trapped in no-mans-land" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[Pg 142]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="GERMAN_MILITARISM_ON_THE_ALLIES_OPERATING_TABLE"
+         id="GERMAN_MILITARISM_ON_THE_ALLIES_OPERATING_TABLE"></a>
+  GERMAN MILITARISM ON THE ALLIES&#39; OPERATING TABLE
+</h2>
+
+<p class="center">"<span class="italic">For the sake of the world&#39;s future we must first use the knife</span>"</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>The Germans have come with floating mines in the open seas, threatening
+belligerents and neutrals equally. They have come with the
+undiscriminating and murderous Zeppelin, which does military damage only
+by accident. They have come with the submarine, which destroys neutral
+and belligerent ships and crews, in scorn alike of law and mercy. They
+have come upon blameless nations with invasion, incendiarism, and
+confiscation. They have come with poisonous gases and liquid fire. All
+their scientific genius has been dedicated to wiping out human life.
+They have forced these things into general use in the war.</p>
+
+<p>The Prussian authorities apparently have but one idea of peace&mdash;an iron
+peace imposed on other nations by German supremacy. They do not
+understand that free men and free nations will rather die than submit to
+that ambition, and that there can be no end to the war till that aim is
+defeated and renounced.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">From an interview with</span><br />
+<span class="smcap">Sir Edward Grey</span>,<br />
+<span class="italic">in the Chicago News,<br />
+May, 1916.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[Pg 143]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_150.jpg" width="500" height="709"
+       alt="Doctors at an operating table" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[Pg 144]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="EMPIRE_DAY_1916" id="EMPIRE_DAY_1916"></a>
+  <span class="italic">EMPIRE DAY, 1916</span>
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>When Germany challenged us nearly two years ago to uphold with our lives
+the ideals by which we professed to live, we accepted the challenge, not
+out of madness, nor for glory or for gain, but to make good those
+professions. Since then the Allies and our empire have fought that they
+may be free and all earth may be free from the intolerable domination of
+German ideals. We did not foresee the size of the task when it opened.
+We do not flinch from it now that the long months have schooled us to
+full knowledge and have tempered us nationally and individually to meet
+it. The nations within the empire have created, maintained, and
+reinforced from their best the great armies they devote without question
+to this issue. They have emerged, one by one, as powers clothed with
+power through discipline and sacrifice, strong for good by their bitter
+knowledge of the evil they are meeting, and wise in the unpurchasable
+wisdom of actual achievement. Knowing as nations what it is we fight
+for, realizing as men and women the resolve that has been added to us by
+what each has endured, we go forward now under the proud banner of our
+griefs and losses to greater effort, greater endurance, and, if need be,
+heavier sacrifice, equal sponsors for the deliverance of mankind.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="smcap">Rudyard Kipling</span>,<br />
+<span class="italic">on Empire Day, May 24, 1916.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[Pg 145]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_152.jpg" width="500" height="338"
+       alt="&#39;Britain&#39; with multi-ethnic soldiers" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[Pg 146]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="THE_SPRING_SONG" id="THE_SPRING_SONG"></a>
+  THE SPRING SONG
+</h2>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[Pg 147]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_154.jpg" width="500" height="639"
+       alt="&#39;Death&#39; serenading a maiden" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[Pg 148]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="THE_GERMAN" id="THE_GERMAN"></a>THE GERMAN:</h2>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="italic">"If you will let me keep what I have I will let you go"</span></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>I have twice publicly stated that Germany has been and is prepared to
+discuss the termination of the war upon a basis that offers guarantee
+against further attack from a coalition of her enemies and insures peace
+to Europe. You have read President Poincar&eacute;&#39;s answer to that.</p>
+
+<p>One thing I do know&mdash;only when statesmen of the warring nations come
+down to a basis of real facts, when they take the war situation as every
+war map shows it to be, when, with honest and sincere will they are
+prepared to terminate this terrible bloodshed and are ready to discuss
+the war and peace problems with one another in a practical manner, only
+then will we be nearing peace.</p>
+
+<p>Whoever is not prepared to do that has the responsibility for it if
+Europe continues to bleed and tear itself to pieces. I cast that
+responsibility far from myself.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="smcap">Von Bethmann-Hollweg</span> <span class="italic">to<br />
+Berlin Correspondent of<br />
+New York World.<br />
+May 22, 1916.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[Pg 149]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_156.jpg" width="500" height="695"
+       alt="German soldier being held by allied soldiers" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[Pg 150]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="THE_WANDERING_JEW" id="THE_WANDERING_JEW"></a>
+  THE WANDERING JEW
+</h2>
+
+<p><span class="italic">"Once I turned the Christ from my door; now I must wander from the
+Northern to the Southern seas&mdash;from Eastern to the Western shores ...
+asking for Peace, but never finding it."</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[Pg 151]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_158.jpg" width="500" height="718"
+       alt="Wandering Jew" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[Pg 152]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="GRATITUDE_OF_THE_WOMEN_OF_FRANCE_TO_THE_KING_OF_SPAIN_FOR_THE_TRACING"
+       id="GRATITUDE_OF_THE_WOMEN_OF_FRANCE_TO_THE_KING_OF_SPAIN_FOR_THE_TRACING"></a>
+  GRATITUDE OF THE WOMEN OF FRANCE TO THE KING OF SPAIN FOR THE TRACING OF THE MISSING
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>The soul of the royal work for the discovery of the missing is Don
+Emilio-Maria de Torres, Minister Plenipotentiary and private secretary
+to his Majesty. It is in the offices of his Secretariat, in the Palacio
+Real, that this work is installed; it was soon so crowded there that it
+became necessary to give up to it four halls, and then eight, in order
+that the collaborators, becoming more and more numerous, might work
+comfortably. In May, 1916, the work of the King, already a year old,
+occupied at Madrid twenty-eight persons, who began their day at eight in
+the morning and sometimes worked far into the night.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="smcap">Mme. Gabrielle Reval</span><br />
+<span class="italic">in La Revue des Deux Mondes.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[Pg 153]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_160.jpg" width="500" height="620"
+       alt="King of Spain with French women" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">[Pg 154]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="THE_BILL" id="THE_BILL"></a>THE BILL</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>It is proved that from May 20 to May 25 (1916) seven different divisions
+were flung into the battle on both sides of the Meuse. Four of these
+were brought from other points of the Western front&mdash;two from Flanders,
+two from the Somme.</p>
+
+<p>On the left bank alone four divisions were employed in the last week-end
+fighting. Without a thought of the enormous losses caused by our curtain
+fire and machine guns, the German Command threw them one after the other
+into the boiling pot east and west of Mort Homme. On May 22 alone,
+before the capture of Cumi&egrave;res village, which has now been retaken, the
+enemy made no fewer than 16 attacks upon the front from the Avocourt
+Wood to the Meuse. Over 50,000 men sought that day to climb the slopes
+of Mort Homme and the plateau of Hill 304. The great charnel heap had
+15,000 fresh corpses flung upon it without the French lines having
+yielded.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">Official Despatch from Verdun front.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[Pg 155]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_162.jpg" width="500" height="600"
+       alt="The Kaiser with &#39;Death&#39; as a waiter" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">[Pg 156]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="THE_LAST_RIDE" id="THE_LAST_RIDE"></a>THE LAST RIDE
+</h2>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[Pg 157]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_164.jpg" width="500" height="445"
+       alt="The Kaiser and &#39;Death&#39; sharing a horse" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[Pg 158]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="CAGED" id="CAGED"></a>CAGED</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>During an enterprise directed to the northward our high sea fleet on May
+31 encountered the main part of the English fighting fleet, which was
+considerably superior to our forces.</p>
+
+<p>During the afternoon, between Skagerrak and Horn Reef, a heavy
+engagement developed, which was successful to us, and which continued
+during the whole night....</p>
+
+<p><span class="italic">The High Sea Fleet returned today (Thursday) into our port.</span></p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">German Admiralty Report.<br />
+Berlin, June 1, 1916.</span></p>
+
+<p>On the afternoon of Wednesday, the 31st of May, a naval engagement took
+place off the coast of Jutland.</p>
+
+<p>The British ships on which the brunt of the fighting fell were the
+battle cruiser fleet and some cruisers and light cruisers, supported by
+four fast battleships. Among these the losses were heavy.</p>
+
+<p>The German battle fleet, aided by low visibility, avoided a prolonged
+action with our main forces. As soon as these appeared on the scene <span class="italic">the
+enemy returned to port</span>, though not before receiving severe damage from
+our battleships.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">British Admiralty Report.<br />
+London, June 2, 1916.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[Pg 159]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_166.jpg" width="500" height="729"
+       alt="Bearded Sea Vulture" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">[Pg 160]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="THE_BATTLE_OF_JUTLAND" id="THE_BATTLE_OF_JUTLAND"></a>
+  THE BATTLE OF JUTLAND
+</h2>
+
+<p><span class="italic">William Falstaff: "I know not what you call all, but if I fought not
+with the whole British fleet, then I am a bunch of radish.</span>"</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>Our High Sea Fleet on May 31 encountered <span class="italic">the main part of the English
+fleet</span>.</p>
+
+<p>On our side the small cruiser <span class="italic">Wiesbaden</span>, by hostile gunfire during the
+day engagement, and his Majesty&#39;s ship <span class="italic">Pommern</span>, during the night, as
+the result of a torpedo, were sunk.</p>
+
+<p>The fate of his Majesty&#39;s ship <span class="italic">Frauenlob</span>, which is missing, and of
+some torpedo boats, which have not returned yet, is unknown.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">German Admiralty Report. June 1, 1916.</span></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>In order to prevent fabulous reports, it is again stated that in the
+battle off Skagerrak on May 31 the German high sea forces were in battle
+with <span class="italic">the entire modern English fleet</span>.</p>
+
+<p>We were obliged to blow up the small cruiser <span class="italic">Elbing</span>, which, on the
+night of May 31-June 1, owing to a collision with other German war
+vessels, was heavily damaged.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">German Admiralty Report. June 3, 1916.</span></p>
+
+<p>We state that the total loss of the German high sea forces during the
+battle of May 31-June 1 and the following time are: One battle cruiser,
+one ship of the line of older construction, four small cruisers, and
+five torpedo boats. Of these losses, the <span class="italic">Pommern</span>, launched in 1905;
+the <span class="italic">Wiesbaden</span>, <span class="italic">Elbing</span>, <span class="italic">Frauenlob</span>, and five torpedo boats already
+have been reported in official statements. For military reasons, we
+refrained until now from making public the losses of the vessels
+<span class="italic">L&uuml;tzow</span> and <span class="italic">Rostock</span>.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">German Admiralty Report. June 8, 1916.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[Pg 161]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_168.jpg" width="500" height="650"
+       alt="The Kaiser as Falstaff" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[Pg 162]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="AT_LAST_TIRPITZ_I_MAY_TENDER_MY_IMPERIAL_THANKS_PUBLICLY"
+       id="AT_LAST_TIRPITZ_I_MAY_TENDER_MY_IMPERIAL_THANKS_PUBLICLY"></a>
+  "AT LAST, TIRPITZ, I MAY TENDER MY IMPERIAL THANKS PUBLICLY."
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>After visiting my fleet, which returned victoriously from a heavy
+battle, I feel I must again declare to you my imperial thanks for what
+you have performed in my service in the technical domain and the domain
+of organization. Our ships and weapons upheld themselves brilliantly in
+the battle in the North Sea. It is also for you a day of glory.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="smcap">The German Emperor</span> <span class="italic">to</span><br />
+<span class="smcap">Grand Admiral Von Tirpitz.</span><br />
+<span class="italic">June, 1916.</span></p>
+
+<p>Before the Battle of Jutland Von Tirpitz retired from his post as
+Minister of the Navy on the ground of ill health. He is credited with
+being responsible for the submarine policy of ruthlessness which the
+German Government were forced to moderate on account of President
+Wilson&#39;s firm attitude in the Sussex episode.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[Pg 163]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_170.jpg" width="500" height="658"
+       alt="The Kaiser kissing Grand Admiral Von Tirpitz." title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[Pg 164]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="We_Had_Almost_Beaten_the_Boy_When_His_Father_Arrived_and_Then_We_Had"
+       id="We_Had_Almost_Beaten_the_Boy_When_His_Father_Arrived_and_Then_We_Had"></a>
+  "We Had Almost Beaten the Boy When His Father Arrived and Then We
+      Had to Run for Our Lives."
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>The Germans were driven back into their ports without so much as making
+an effort to grapple with the main body of our Grand Fleet, and had the
+temerity to claim what really was a rout as a complete victory. A couple
+more such victories and there will be nothing left of the German Navy
+worth speaking about. The truth is slowly leaking out, and its full
+extent is not yet realized or appreciated. Our command of the seas, so
+far from being impaired, has been more firmly and unshakably
+established.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="smcap">H. H. Asquith</span>,<br />
+<span class="italic">British Prime Minister.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">[Pg 165]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_172.jpg" width="500" height="537"
+       alt="German sailors running from British sailors" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[Pg 166]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="DER_TAG" id="DER_TAG"></a>DER TAG</h2>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="italic">Thank God, "the Day" is over</span></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>First&mdash;It was admitted that "the small cruiser <span class="italic">Wiesbaden</span> was sunk" and
+that the <span class="italic">Pommern</span>&mdash;the character of that ship not being mentioned&mdash;had
+also been destroyed; the light cruiser <span class="italic">Frauenlob</span> was "missing," with
+"some torpedo boats." The rest of the High Seas Fleet, it was declared,
+"had returned to our harbors."</p>
+
+<p>Second&mdash;It had to be confessed that the light cruiser <span class="italic">Elbing</span> had been
+sunk.</p>
+
+<p>Third&mdash;A statement was issued to the effect that "one battle cruiser,
+(the <span class="italic">L&uuml;tzow</span>,) one ship of the line of older construction, (the
+<span class="italic">Pommern</span>,) four smaller cruisers," (the <span class="italic">Wiesbaden</span>, <span class="italic">Elbing</span>,
+<span class="italic">Frauenlob</span>, and <span class="italic">Rostock</span>,) and "five torpedo boats" (really
+destroyers) represented "the total loss."</p>
+
+<p>Fourth&mdash;It is now known that the battle cruiser <span class="italic">Seydlitz</span> was run
+ashore to save her from sinking. It is asserted by travelers who have
+returned to Amsterdam that the battle cruiser <span class="italic">Derfflinger</span> sank "on
+being towed into Wilhelmshaven," and it is reported from Copenhagen that
+the <span class="italic">Pommern</span> was not the battleship which was torpedoed in the Baltic
+by a British submarine in July last, but a new battle cruiser which was
+named after the German State, thus perpetuating its association with the
+navy. The story of the sinking of the dreadnought battleship
+<span class="italic">Ostfriesland</span> awaits confirmation.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="smcap">Archibald Hurd</span><br />
+<span class="italic">in the London Daily Telegraph.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[Pg 167]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_174.jpg" width="500" height="631"
+       alt="The Kaiser trapped with water flowing in" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[Pg 168]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="German_Admiral_How_quiet_it_must_be_in_those_English_harbors"
+       id="German_Admiral_How_quiet_it_must_be_in_those_English_harbors"></a>
+  German Admiral: How quiet it must be in those English harbors blockaded
+  by our Fleet.
+</h2>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[Pg 169]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_176.jpg" width="500" height="779"
+       alt="Two German admirals" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[Pg 170]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="THE_DEATH_OF_KITCHENER"
+       id="THE_DEATH_OF_KITCHENER"></a>
+<span class="italic">THE DEATH OF KITCHENER</span>
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>Field Marshal Lord Horatio Herbert Kitchener, the British Secretary of
+State for War, perished with his staff off the West Orkney Islands on
+June 5 by the sinking of the British cruiser <span class="italic">Hampshire</span>, which struck a
+mine and went down fifteen minutes later. "O death, where is thy sting?
+O grave, where is thy victory?" Formerly they had sounded in our ears as
+chords of solemn music, breathing consolation; now that we see them
+clearly to be triumphant verities, living and everlasting truths, they
+ring out like a trumpet call, summoning and inspiring the living to
+stronger action. The work continues though the hand that moulded it
+perishes; the body dies, but the soul lives on. There is no sting in the
+grave when on either side men press forward to one immortal goal and
+when living and dead battle together for incorruptible principles.
+Whether individually we live or die signifies nothing, if that high
+cause for which we fight wins. Lord Kitchener&#39;s death will not interfere
+with the work he had undertaken, nor shall his passing delay, but rather
+shall it hasten the victory to which he looked forward.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">Land and Water, London, June 8, 1916.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[Pg 171]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_178.jpg" width="500" height="782"
+       alt="Lord Kitchener in the arms of a grieving &#39;Britain&#39;," title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[Pg 172]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="Crown_Prince_We_must_have_a_higher_pile_to_see_Verdun_Father"
+       id="Crown_Prince_We_must_have_a_higher_pile_to_see_Verdun_Father"></a>
+  Crown Prince: "We must have a higher pile to see Verdun, Father."
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>The Crown Prince, after the gigantic effort of his armies, was
+confronted with problems more vast, with a resistance more confident and
+more efficient, than those which he had had to face in the opening days
+of the Verdun offensive. In three days the French had been driven off
+their first positions along a large portion of the Verdun front; over a
+month later they were still defending with increasing vigour their
+second line. Behind that line lay yet another, and the prospect of the
+fall of Verdun was but faint upon the German horizon. The French could
+already count upon victory, the price of Verdun having already been
+exacted in the enemy&#39;s blood, without the position having been captured.
+That price, it was said, had been fixed by the Imperial General Staff at
+200,000 casualties.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">The Times History of the War.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[Pg 173]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_180.jpg" width="500" height="693"
+       alt="The Kaiser and Crown Prince on a mountain of corpses" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[Pg 174]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="THIS_WILL_MAKE_WILLIAM_JEALOUS_IT_BEATS_HIS_NURSE_CAVELL"
+       id="THIS_WILL_MAKE_WILLIAM_JEALOUS_IT_BEATS_HIS_NURSE_CAVELL"></a>
+  THIS WILL MAKE WILLIAM JEALOUS; IT BEATS HIS NURSE CAVELL.
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>Signor Baltisti, before the war, was Deputy for Trent in the Austrian
+Parliament, and in that position was a strong advocate of irredentist
+claims in the Trentino. When war broke out he joined a Trentino regiment
+under the Italian flag.</p>
+
+<p>He was captured by the Austrians in June, 1916, and executed, although
+he wore an Italian uniform. His corpse was publicly hanged on a gibbet
+in the city of Trent.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">[Pg 175]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_182.jpg" width="500" height="693"
+       alt="The Austrian Emperor with a hanged man" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">[Pg 176]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="SUMMER_TIME_1916_FIVE_ON_A_BENCH"
+       id="SUMMER_TIME_1916_FIVE_ON_A_BENCH"></a>
+  SUMMER TIME, 1916&mdash;FIVE ON A BENCH
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>The Summer of 1916 saw the Germans defeated at Verdun on the Somme and
+at Riga. The Austrians were defeated in the Trentino and the Bukovina.
+The Turks continued their retreat in Asia Minor and the Caucasus, while
+the Entente Allies advanced upon the Bulgarians from Saloniki.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[Pg 177]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_184.jpg" width="500" height="664"
+       alt="The Central Powers&#39; leaders on a park bench" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[Pg 178]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="CIVILISATION_WHAT_IS_THE_VERDICT"
+       id="CIVILISATION_WHAT_IS_THE_VERDICT"></a>
+  CIVILISATION: "WHAT IS THE VERDICT."
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>The Government has carried on the war in accordance with methods which
+are even incompatible with everything which has been done hitherto&mdash;the
+violation of Belgium and Luxemburg; the use of poison gases, which were
+subsequently used by the other belligerents; there were Zeppelin bombs
+which killed both combatants and noncombatants, a submarine war on
+commerce, the torpedoing of the <span class="italic">Lusitania</span>, etc.; pillage and extortion
+of tribute, beginning with Belgium; the internment and imprisonment of
+the population of the eastern provinces; various devices for forcing
+prisoners to work against their own country, by spying for the Central
+Powers, thereby committing an act of high treason; contracts arranged
+between Zimmermann and Sir Roger Casement in December, 1915, for the
+formation of armed units of English prisoners of war, for the purpose of
+forming the Irish brigade. Besides these, other attempts must be
+mentioned, which were made among the foreigners in concentration camps
+in Germany, threatening them with internment unless they betrayed their
+own countries and placed themselves at Germany&#39;s disposal.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="smcap">Karl Liebknecht.</span><br />
+<span class="italic">June, 1916</span>.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[Pg 179]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_186.jpg" width="500" height="735"
+       alt="&#39;Civilisation&#39; holding a German" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[Pg 180]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="TO_THE_END" id="TO_THE_END"></a>TO THE END</h2>
+
+<p><span class="italic">War and Hunger: "Now you must accompany us to the end.</span>"</p>
+
+<p><span class="italic">The Kaiser: "Yes, to my end."</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[Pg 181]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_188.jpg" width="500" height="590"
+       alt="&#39;War&#39;, &#39;Hunger&#39; and the Kaiser" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[Pg 182]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="THE_CONFEDERATES" id="THE_CONFEDERATES"></a>
+  THE CONFEDERATES
+</h2>
+
+<p><span class="italic">"Did they believe that peace story in the Reichstag, Bethmann?"</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="italic">"Yes, but the Allies didn&#39;t."</span></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>Germany, using in turn force when she believes herself strongest and
+craft when she feels herself growing feebler, is today resorting to
+craft. She is spreading abroad the illusive word "peace." Where does
+this word come from? To whom has it been spoken? And on what conditions?
+And to what end? By her ambiguous man&#339;uvres Germany reckons on
+dividing the allied countries. No one among us will fall into such a
+trap. I have said, and I repeat, that when blood flows in streams, when
+our troops with so much self-sacrifice are giving up their lives, the
+word "peace" is a sacrilege if it means that the aggressor will not be
+punished and if tomorrow Europe runs the risk of again being delivered
+up to the despotism, fantasy, and caprice of a military caste athirst
+for pride and domination. It would be the dishonor of the Allies! What
+should our reply be if tomorrow, after having concluded such a peace,
+our countries were dragged anew into the frenzy of armaments? What would
+future generations say if we committed such an act of folly and if we
+missed the opportunity which is offered us of establishing on solid
+foundations a lasting peace?</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="smcap">Aristide Briand</span>,<br />
+<span class="italic">Premier of France.<br />
+June, 1916.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">[Pg 183]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_190.jpg" width="500" height="774"
+       alt="Von Bethmann-Hollweg and the Kaiser" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">[Pg 184]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="BUNKERED" id="BUNKERED"></a>"BUNKERED"</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>It is one of the greatest sources of pride for the Verdun Army to have
+earned the testimony of the great assembly which incarnates and
+immortalizes the genius of the French tongue and the French race. The
+Army of Verdun has had the good fortune to answer to the appeal
+addressed to it by the country. Thanks to its heroic tenacity the
+offensive of the Allies has already made brilliant progress ... and the
+Germans are not at Verdun.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="smcap">General Nivelle</span><br />
+<span class="italic">to the French Army<br />
+at Verdun, June, 1916.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[Pg 185]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_192.jpg" width="500" height="701"
+       alt="Deep in a bunker" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[Pg 186]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="WE_HAVE_FINISHED_OFF_THE_RUSSIANS"
+       id="WE_HAVE_FINISHED_OFF_THE_RUSSIANS"></a>
+  "WE HAVE FINISHED OFF THE RUSSIANS."
+</h2>
+
+<p class="center">"<span class="italic">Wait a moment</span>"</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<h3>RUSSIAN OFFENSIVE, JUNE, 1916</h3>
+
+<p>The blow which the Russians have delivered to the Teutons has been one
+of the hardest given to any belligerent during the entire war. Not even
+the great German drive of last year has had the effect of the Russian
+offense of the past six weeks. In this case it is much more than a loss
+of territory; it is almost the destruction of an army. Russia had vast
+reserves on which to fall back.</p>
+
+<p>Austria apparently has none. Austria alone of all the belligerents is
+practically exhausted. Only a week ago the Austrian Department of War
+endeavored to get the consent of the Government to call into the
+military service all men between the ages of 56 and 60. Nothing could
+show more eloquently the very dire straits into which the Austrian Army
+has fallen.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="smcap">J. B. W. Gardiner.</span><br />
+<span class="italic">Current History.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">[Pg 187]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_194.jpg" width="500" height="669"
+       alt="The Kaiser with a gun to his head" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">[Pg 188]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="THE_COSSACKS_SONG_OF_VICTORY"
+       id="THE_COSSACKS_SONG_OF_VICTORY"></a>
+  THE COSSACKS&#39; SONG OF VICTORY
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>The Petrograd official <span class="italic">communiqu&eacute;</span> of June 27, 1916, stated that the
+prisoners and trophies captured by the armies of General Brusiloff
+between June 4-23 amounted to 4,031 officers, 194,041 men, 219 guns,
+besides 644 machine-guns, 196 bomb mortars, 146 artillery ammunition
+wagons and 38 searchlights.</p>
+
+<p>The enormous importance of the Russian victories of June, 1916, as a
+step in the attrition of the enemy forces was patent; the losses
+suffered by the enemy on the Eastern front during those three weeks were
+about equal to those he had suffered at Verdun in 130 days of fighting.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">Times History of the War.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_189" id="Page_189">[Pg 189]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_196.jpg" width="500" height="742"
+       alt="Cassocks singing and marching" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[Pg 190]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="CAPTAIN_FRYATT" id="CAPTAIN_FRYATT"></a>
+  CAPTAIN FRYATT
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>Captain Charles Fryatt, master of the Great Eastern Railway&#39;s steamer
+<span class="italic">Brussels</span>, which was captured by German warships on June 23, 1916, and
+taken to Zeebrugge, was tried by German courtmartial at Bruges, July 27,
+condemned to death by shooting, and executed immediately. The charge
+against him was that of attempting to ram the German submarine U-33.</p>
+
+<p>His Majesty&#39;s Government find it difficult to believe that a master of a
+merchant vessel who, after German submarines adopted the practice of
+sinking merchant vessels without warning and without regard for the
+lives of passengers or crew, took a step which appeared to afford the
+only chance of saving not only his vessel, but the lives of all on
+board, can have been deliberately shot in cold blood for this action.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">British Foreign Office.</span><br /></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191">[Pg 191]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_198.jpg" width="500" height="641"
+       alt="The Kaiser as an  Indian chief WI a sailor tied to a post"
+     title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192">[Pg 192]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="BEFORE_THE_SOMME" id="BEFORE_THE_SOMME"></a>
+  BEFORE THE SOMME
+</h2>
+
+<p><span class="italic">William: "Why are you so heavily bombarding the remains of that
+&#39;contemptible little British army&#39;?"</span></p>
+
+<p><span class="italic">Prince of Bavaria: "I am afraid the remains are bombarding us."</span></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>The German view of the situation at the end of June was well shown in a
+typical article by the military correspondent of the "Berliner
+Tageblatt," Major Moraht, actually published on July 1.</p>
+
+<p>The writer began by declaring that "all the belligerent armies were now
+at a critical stage." The Allies had undoubtedly increased the energy
+and the uniformity of their conduct of war, and their great resources in
+money and men and their command of the sea would enable them to do
+everything possible "to hamper Germany&#39;s final victory."</p>
+
+<p>The British offensive was about to begin, and "without a serious
+settlement of accounts with England on the battlefields in the west the
+Germans would not come a step nearer to peace." Major Moraht and the
+other German writers betrayed no sense of the immensity of the coming
+events, and it was clear that the Germans had not begun to dream of the
+defeats that were about to be inflicted upon them.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">The Times History of the War.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_193" id="Page_193">[Pg 193]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_200.jpg" width="500" height="774"
+       alt="The Kaiser conferring with two soldiers" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194">[Pg 194]</a></span></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="THE_GERMAN_TANGO" id="THE_GERMAN_TANGO"></a>
+  THE GERMAN TANGO
+</h2>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="italic">"From East to West, and West to East, I dance with thee"</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_195" id="Page_195">[Pg 195]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_202.jpg" width="500" height="701"
+       alt="&#39;Death&#39; performing a Tango" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_196" id="Page_196">[Pg 196]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="The_Wolf_Is_it_not_time_to_stop_all_further_bloodshed"
+       id="The_Wolf_Is_it_not_time_to_stop_all_further_bloodshed"></a>
+  The Wolf: "Is it not time to stop all further bloodshed?"
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>During the early days of July, 1916, a general offensive on the part of
+the Allies began.</p>
+
+<p>The French and British armies attacked on the Somme, taking many towns
+and villages and thousands of prisoners.</p>
+
+<p>The Russians continued their victorious advance in the Bukowina and
+began a tremendous offensive far north on the Riga front.</p>
+
+<p>The Italian troops attacked in the Trentino and captured important
+fortified Austrian positions.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197">[Pg 197]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_204.jpg" width="500" height="618"
+       alt="The Kaiser as a wolf with Serbia, Belgium and Luxenburg as
+       slaughtered sheep" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_198" id="Page_198">[Pg 198]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="THE_DEUTSCHLAND_DISPATCH" id="THE_DEUTSCHLAND_DISPATCH"></a>
+  THE DEUTSCHLAND DISPATCH
+</h2>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="italic">"Never mind, Mr. Wilson; it is only a little Lusitania
+blood on the envelope"</span></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>On July 9th the German Merchant Submarine <span class="italic">Deutschland</span> arrived at
+Baltimore carrying a cargo of 1,000 tons of merchandise, principally dye
+stuffs. According to a statement by Captain Koenig, commander of the
+<span class="italic">Deutschland</span>, she was the first of a number of similar vessels which
+were being built for the purpose of breaking the British blockade of
+Germany.</p>
+
+<p>It was stated at the time that the captain of the submarine brought a
+personal letter from the German Emperor to President Wilson.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_199" id="Page_199">[Pg 199]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_206.jpg" width="500" height="524"
+       alt="German captain handing a bloody envelope to Wilson" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200">[Pg 200]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="BALAAM_AND_HIS_ASS" id="BALAAM_AND_HIS_ASS"></a>
+  BALAAM AND HIS ASS
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>What, German people, is your duty in this hour? The army wants no
+exhortations. It has fought superhumanly. It will fight until final
+victory. But the people at home&mdash;this is their duty: To suffer in
+silence, to bear their renunciations with dignity.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="smcap">The Kaiser</span>, <span class="italic">July, 1916</span>.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_201" id="Page_201">[Pg 201]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_208.jpg" width="500" height="602"
+       alt="The Kaiser on a donkey" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">[Pg 202]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2><a name="TEAM_WORK" id="TEAM_WORK"></a>TEAM WORK</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>The great armies recruited and trained by Lord Kitchener, with the
+mountains of munitions piled up by Lloyd George, have become a
+tremendous weapon in the skilled hands of General Sir Douglas Haig; and
+they are supported on the right by a French army under General Foch that
+has shown itself more than able to keep pace with them. It must not be
+forgotten that the battle of the Somme is a joint enterprise of close
+teamwork under the supreme direction of General Joffre.</p>
+
+<p>Thus far we have heard less of the French than of the English wing, but
+its achievement has been equally brilliant. The Germans caught between
+these Frenchmen and Peronne, like those caught between the British and
+Bapaume, have resisted to the limit of human endurance, but nothing
+human could survive the awful blasting of high explosives to which their
+first and second trench lines were subjected; and the Allies now have
+the shells and the men to keep up the pressure indefinitely.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">Current History, New York, July, 1916.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_203" id="Page_203">[Pg 203]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_210.jpg" width="500" height="666"
+       alt="British and French soldiers" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_204" id="Page_204">[Pg 204]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="I_Hope_My_Dear_Friends_and_Allies_That_I_Have_Been_Able_to_Make_You"
+       id="I_Hope_My_Dear_Friends_and_Allies_That_I_Have_Been_Able_to_Make_You"></a>
+  "I Hope, My Dear Friends and Allies, That I Have Been Able to Make You
+  Feel Happy and Confident Again."
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>The battle is raging, huge beyond all previous imagination. Rejuvenated,
+perfectly equipped with all they want, Russia&#39;s armies again have broken
+against our bulwarks in the east. France has experienced a regeneration
+in this war of which she hardly believed herself capable. She has
+dragged her dilatory English Ally into joining the offensive on the
+Somme, and whatever inward worth the British army has it now has an
+abundance of artillery.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="smcap">The Kaiser</span>, <span class="italic">July, 1916</span>.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_205" id="Page_205">[Pg 205]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_212.jpg" width="500" height="599"
+       alt="The Kaiser with other Central Powers&#39; leaders on crutches" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_206" id="Page_206">[Pg 206]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="ANOTHER_NAIL_IN_HINDENBURG"
+       id="ANOTHER_NAIL_IN_HINDENBURG"></a>
+  ANOTHER NAIL IN HINDENBURG
+</h2>
+
+<p class="center">(<span class="italic">In 1915 a gigantic statue of wood was erected in
+Berlin to Hindenburg</span>)</p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>The problem implied in the second phase of the great Russian offensive
+of 1916 had been solved completely in favour of our Allies. The enemy
+had abandoned his entire front south of the Marshes, having lost in ten
+weeks&#39; fighting (May, June, July) in prisoners alone well over 300,000
+men. The total casualties suffered by him in that campaign almost
+equalled the original strength of his armies between the Pripet Marshes
+and the Carpathian Mountains.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">The Times History of the War.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_207" id="Page_207">[Pg 207]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_214.jpg" width="500" height="643"
+       alt="A bear pounding a nail into Hindenburg" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_208" id="Page_208">[Pg 208]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="SEEMS_TO_BE_NEUTRAL_SINK_HIM"
+       id="SEEMS_TO_BE_NEUTRAL_SINK_HIM"></a>
+  "SEEMS TO BE NEUTRAL: SINK HIM!"
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>The freedom of the sea means to Germany that the German Navy is to
+behave at sea as the German Army behaves on land. It means that neither
+enemy civilians nor neutrals may possess rights against militant
+Germany; that those who do not resist will be drowned, and those who do
+will be shot.</p>
+
+<p>Already 244 neutral merchantmen have been sunk in defiance of law and
+humanity, and the number daily grows. Mankind, with the experience of
+two years of war behind it, has made up its mind about German culture.
+It is not, I think, without material for forming a judgment about German
+freedom.</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="smcap">A. J. Balfour</span>,<br />
+<span class="italic">First Lord of the Admiralty.<br />
+July, 1916.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_209" id="Page_209">[Pg 209]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_216.jpg" width="500" height="641"
+       alt="Jesus in a boat approaching a German submarine" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_210" id="Page_210">[Pg 210]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="NOW_ALSO_THE_AXE_IS_LAID_UNTO_THE_ROOT_OF_THE_TREE"
+       id="NOW_ALSO_THE_AXE_IS_LAID_UNTO_THE_ROOT_OF_THE_TREE"></a>
+  NOW ALSO THE AXE IS LAID UNTO THE ROOT OF THE TREE
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>As the second year of the war drew to its close important gains were
+made by the Allied Armies on all fronts. On the Somme the British
+occupied Mameton Wood, Trones Wood, and the villages of
+Ovillers-la-Boiselle, Longueval, Podi&egrave;res. The French advanced on a
+front of 10&frac12; miles and captured the German positions from Estr&eacute;es to
+Vermando-Villers. On the Eastern Front, the Russians crossed the
+Carpathians in the south and pierced Hindenburg&#39;s Riga line at several
+points.</p>
+
+<p>On the Isonzo the Italians began a great drive towards Gorizia.</p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_211" id="Page_211">[Pg 211]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_218.jpg" width="500" height="601"
+       alt="The Kaiser as a tree being chopped down" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_212" id="Page_212">[Pg 212]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="THE_SPIRIT_OF_FRANCE"
+       id="THE_SPIRIT_OF_FRANCE"></a>
+  THE SPIRIT OF FRANCE
+</h2>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="italic">"France is dying."&mdash;Hindenburg</span></p>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p>This year has been so full of a glory so pure that it will forever
+illumine the human race. It has been a year in which France, the France
+of Joan of Arc and Valmy, has risen, if possible, to even greater
+heights.</p>
+
+<p>Be the war of short or long duration, France accepts it. The country is
+summoning its genius and changing its methods. Each French soldier
+before the enemy repeats the words of Joan of Arc, "You can enchain me,
+but you cannot enchain the fortunes of France."</p>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="smcap">Paul Deschanel</span>, <span class="italic">President of French<br />
+Chamber of Deputies.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_213" id="Page_213">[Pg 213]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_220.jpg" width="500" height="663"
+       alt="Joan of Arc in front of the German lines" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_214" id="Page_214">[Pg 214]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="BEFORE_THE_FALL" id="BEFORE_THE_FALL"></a>
+  "BEFORE THE FALL"
+</h2>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_215" id="Page_215">[Pg 215]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_222.jpg" width="500" height="708"
+       alt="The Kaiser falling on a cliff" title="" />
+</div>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_216" id="Page_216">[Pg 216]</a></p>
+
+<hr class="chapter" />
+
+<h2>
+  <a name="Europe_Am_I_not_yet_sufficiently_civilised"
+       id="Europe_Am_I_not_yet_sufficiently_civilised"></a>
+  Europe: "Am I not yet sufficiently civilised?"
+</h2>
+
+<hr />
+
+<p class="center"><span class="italic">Direct Losses of Human Life During Two Years of War</span></p>
+
+<div class="center">
+  <table border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="Two year causalities">
+    <col width="20%" />
+    <col width="20%" />
+    <col width="20%" />
+    <col width="20%" />
+    <col width="20%" />
+    <thead>
+      <tr>
+        <td></td><td>Dead</td><td>Wounded</td><td>Dead and Wounded</td>
+        <td>Invalids</td>
+      </tr>
+    </thead>
+    <tfoot>
+      <tr>
+       <td>Total</td><td class="numbr">4,631,500</td><td class="numbr">11,245,300</td>
+       <td class="numbr">15,876,800</td><td class="numbr">3,373,700</td>
+      </tr>
+    </tfoot>
+    <tbody>
+      <tr>
+        <td>Austria-H&#39;gry</td><td class="numbr">718,000</td>
+        <td class="numbr">1,777,000</td><td class="numbr">2,495,000</td>
+        <td class="numbr">533,000</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>Belgium</td><td class="numbr">50,000</td><td class="numbr">110,000</td>
+        <td class="numbr">160,000</td><td class="numbr">33,000</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>Bulgaria</td><td class="numbr">25,000</td><td class="numbr">60,000</td>
+        <td class="numbr">85,000</td><td class="numbr">18,000</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>England</td><td class="numbr">205,000</td><td class="numbr">512,000</td>
+        <td class="numbr">717,000</td><td class="numbr">154,300</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>France</td><td class="numbr">885,000</td><td class="numbr">2,115,000</td>
+        <td class="numbr">3,000,000</td><td class="numbr">634,000</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>Germany</td><td class="numbr">885,500</td><td class="numbr">2,116,300</td>
+        <td class="numbr">3,001,800</td><td class="numbr">634,900</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>Italy</td><td class="numbr">105,000</td><td class="numbr">245,000</td>
+        <td class="numbr">350,000</td><td class="numbr">73,500</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>Russia</td><td class="numbr">1,498,000</td><td class="numbr">3,820,000</td>
+        <td class="numbr">5,318,000</td><td class="numbr">1,146,000</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>Serbia</td><td class="numbr">110,000</td><td class="numbr">140,000</td>
+        <td class="numbr">250,000</td><td class="numbr">42,000</td>
+      </tr>
+      <tr>
+        <td>Turkey</td><td class="numbr">150,000</td><td class="numbr">350,000</td>
+        <td class="numbr">500,000</td><td class="numbr">105,000</td>
+      </tr>
+    </tbody>
+  </table>
+</div>
+
+<p class="citation"><span class="italic">From a Danish Estimate<br />
+published by the War Study Society<br />
+of Copenhagen.</span></p>
+
+<p class="pagenum"><a name="Page_217" id="Page_217">[Pg 217]</a></p>
+
+<div class="cartoon">
+  <img src="images/i_224.jpg" width="500" height="603"
+       alt="&#39;Europe&#39; tied to the wheel of a cannon" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Raemaekers' Cartoon History of the
+War, Volume 2, by Raemaekers
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK RAEMAEKERS' CARTOON HISTORY ***
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+</html>
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@@ -0,0 +1,3195 @@
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Raemaekers' Cartoon History of the War,
+Volume 2, by Raemaekers
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Raemaekers' Cartoon History of the War, Volume 2
+       The Second Twelve Months of War
+
+Author: Raemaekers
+
+Illustrator: Louis Raemaekers
+
+Release Date: October 25, 2011 [EBook #37846]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK RAEMAEKERS' CARTOON HISTORY ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Chris Curnow, Martin Mayer and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Internet Archive)
+
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's note:
+Italics are rendered with underscores, e.g. _italics_.
+Small caps are rendered with ALL-CAPS.
+The oe ligature is rendered [oe], e.g. man[oe]uvres.
+
+
+
+
+RAEMAEKERS'
+CARTOON
+HISTORY OF THE WAR
+
+[Illustration: (signed) Louis Raemaekers]
+
+
+
+
+RAEMAEKERS'
+
+CARTOON
+
+HISTORY OF THE WAR
+
+COMPILED BY
+
+J. MURRAY ALLISON
+
+Editor of _Raemaekers' Cartoons_, _Kultur in Cartoons_, _The
+Century Edition de Luxe Raemaekers' Cartoons_, _etc._
+
+VOLUME TWO
+
+THE SECOND TWELVE MONTHS OF WAR
+
+NEW YORK
+
+THE CENTURY CO.
+
+1919
+
+Copyright, 1919, by
+THE CENTURY CO.
+
+
+
+
+FOREWORD
+
+
+The second year of the war opened in the West with the enemy, although
+superior in man power and munitionment, pinned down to a defensive line
+from Belfort to the sea. The new armies of the British Empire were still
+being raised and trained, and neither England nor France had reached
+their zenith in the production of guns and munitions. The western front
+was to remain for a time comparatively inactive.
+
+In the East the great Teutonic drive through Poland was still in
+progress, although the Russian armies had everywhere escaped
+envelopment, and their retreat was nearly at an end. Warsaw was occupied
+by the Germans early in August. It was a moment chosen by Germany to
+make an offer of separate peace to Russia. The enemy sought to gain by
+bribery what his armies had failed to accomplish in the field. The offer
+was rejected by Russia.
+
+By October Germany's greatest military effort so far had failed and the
+Russian armies stood intact from the Bukovina to Riga.
+
+The next great development in the history of the war was the entry of
+Bulgaria in October on the side of the Central Powers. Whilst great
+German and Austro-Hungarian forces crossed the Danube in the north the
+Bulgarians attacked Serbia on the flank. In a few weeks Serbia and
+Montenegro suffered the fate of Belgium and Luxemburg, the British and
+French troops not having arrived in time to render material aid to the
+Serbians. Greece, failing to live up to her treaty with Serbia,
+contributed to the defeat of that country and was for many months to
+form a menace to the allied troops who were making the port of Salonika
+their base in the Balkans.
+
+In the meantime the western allies had taken the offensive in September,
+the French attacking in Champagne and the British in Flanders. The
+attack was not driven home and no further offensive upon a large scale
+was to take place until July in the following year.
+
+January saw Gallipoli evacuated by the Allies, releasing Turkish troops
+for service in Mesopotamia which was doubtless to have its effect in the
+fall of Kut and the capture of the garrison later on.
+
+Late in February the great German offensive began at Verdun, an
+offensive which was to prove the most costly defeat of the German arms
+during the war. The Battle of Verdun continued for months and may be
+said to have been definitely lost by the Germans by the 1st of July.
+
+Meanwhile the Russian armies in the Caucasus and Armenia had beaten the
+Turks in many engagements, taking amongst other towns the fortress of
+Erzerum with great numbers of prisoners and military stores. The other
+Russian armies in the north, reorganized and thoroughly equipped with
+munitionment, began in June their magnificent advance all along their
+line from Riga to the Carpathians.
+
+The last month of the second year of the war witnessed the beginning of
+the "big push" in the west, the Russian advance in the east, the retreat
+of the Austrians in the Trentino, and the beginning of the Italians'
+successful thrust upon the Isonzo.
+
+It is with these major military operations of the year with which
+Raemaekers' cartoons on the following pages deal.
+
+He did not neglect to record, however, many of the minor happenings. The
+various and devious peace moves of the enemy did not escape his comment
+nor did the cold blooded murders of Nurse Cavell and Captain Fryatt. He
+has recorded also many examples of German Zeppelin Ruthlessness and
+German Piracy on the sea. Notable amongst the latter is the _Sussex_
+crime and its subsequent diplomatic developments, which were to play
+such an important part in America's entry into the war.
+
+    J. M. A.
+
+
+
+
+VOLUME TWO
+
+
+
+
+_THE ANNIVERSARY, AUGUST, 1915_
+
+_Bernhardi_: "_Have we not surpassed your most sanguine expectations?_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Total losses amongst all belligerents during first year of war:
+
+      _Killed_     _Wounded_ _Missing and_       _Total_
+                               _Prisoners_
+
+     3,026,713     5,768,994     2,673,188    11,528,895
+
+
+
+    _Nineteenth Century and After._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_KING ALBERT'S ANSWER TO THE POPE_
+
+"_With him who broke his word, devastated my country, burned my
+villages, destroyed my towns, desecrated my churches, and murdered my
+people, I will not make peace before he is expelled from my country and
+punished for his crimes._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Today, on the sad anniversary of the terrible conflict, our heart gives
+forth the wish that the war will soon end. We raise again our voice to
+utter a fatherly cry for peace. May this cry, dominating the frightful
+noise of arms, reach the warring peoples and their chiefs and induce
+kindly and more serene intentions.
+
+    _From the Papal Peace Appeal,
+    August 1, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_A STABLE PEACE_
+
+_The Kaiser_: "_And remember, if they do not accept it, I deny it
+altogether_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+That the Dardanelles and Galicia had been offered by Berlin to
+Petrograd; that Egypt was asked for Turkey, and that the mediation of
+the Pope was desired on the basis of the restitution of Belgium, were
+some of the reports which gained currency between Aug. 5, the date of
+the fall of Warsaw, and Aug. 12, when the Novoe Vremya of Petrograd
+confirmed the rumors of German overtures for a separate peace with
+Russia.
+
+Almost simultaneously from Petrograd and from Milan announcements that,
+after the capture of Warsaw, Germany was seriously engaged in
+preliminary negotiations for the establishment of a peace were
+published.
+
+Besides Galicia and the Dardanelles, the Novoe Vremya said, Germany
+would guarantee the integrity of the Russian frontiers, at the same time
+stipulating for Egypt on the pretext of ceding that country to Turkey,
+and for a free hand to deal with Russia's allies. The report declared
+that these offers were rejected by the Czar's Government.
+
+    "_Current History_,"
+    _New York._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THROWN TO THE SWINE_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+On August 5, 1915, Miss Cavell, an English woman, directress of a large
+nursing home at Brussels, was quietly arrested by the German authorities
+and confined in the prison of St. Gilles on the charge that she had
+aided stragglers from the Allied Armies to escape across the frontier
+from Belgium to Holland, furnishing them with money, clothing and
+information concerning the route to be followed.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+We reminded him (Baron Von der Lancken) of the burning of Louvain and
+the sinking of the _Lusitania_, and told him that this murder would stir
+all civilized countries with horror and disgust. Count Harrach broke in
+at this with the rather irrelevant remark that he would rather see Miss
+Cavell shot than have harm come to one of the humblest German soldiers,
+and his only regret was that they had not "three or four English old
+women to shoot."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The day brought forth another loathsome fact in connection with the
+case. It seems the sentence of Miss Cavell was not pronounced in open
+court. Her executioners, apparently in hope of concealing their
+intentions from us, went into her cell and there behind locked doors
+pronounced sentence upon her. It is all a piece with the other things
+they have done.
+
+    HUGH GIBSON,
+
+    _First Secretary of the American
+    Legation at Brussels._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE MARTYRED NURSE_
+
+_William_: "_Now you can bring me the American protest_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Even when I was ready to abandon all hope, Leval was unable to believe
+that the German authorities would persist in their decision, and
+appealed most touchingly and feelingly to the sense of pity for which we
+looked in vain.
+
+    HUGH GIBSON,
+    _First Secretary American
+    Legation at Brussels_.
+
+
+To condemn any human being, even if he were the vilest criminal, at 5
+o'clock in the afternoon and execute him at 2 A. M. was an act of
+barbarism for which no possible condemnation is adequate.
+
+Under these circumstances, it would be incredible, if the facts were not
+beyond dispute, that the request of the United States for a little delay
+was not only brutally refused, _but that our Legation was deliberately
+misled and deceived until the death sentence had been inflicted_.
+
+    JAMES M. BECK
+    _In_ "_New York Times_."
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE YELLOW BOOK_
+
+"_Unmasked_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The publication of the French Government Yellow Book in August dealing
+with the diplomatic events which led up to the war proved that whilst
+Germany was assuring the nations of her peaceful intentions she was
+secretly preparing for war.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_U'S_
+
+_His Majesty_: "_Well, Tirpitz, you've sunk a great many?_"
+
+_Tirpitz_: "_Yes, sire, here is another U coming down._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+On August 26, 1915, Squadron-Commander A. W. Bigsworth destroyed
+single-handed, a German submarine by bombs from his aeroplane off Ostend
+on the coast of Belgium.
+
+The British Admiralty said in reference to this episode:
+
+"It is not the practice of the Admiralty to publish statements regarding
+the losses of German submarines, important though they have been, in
+cases where the enemy have no other sources of information as to the
+time and place at which these losses have occurred. In the case referred
+to above, however, the brilliant feat of Squadron-Commander Bigsworth
+was performed in the immediate neighbourhood of the coast in occupation
+of the enemy, and the position of the sunken submarine has been located
+by a German destroyer."
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_Pallas Athene: "Has it come to this?"_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+When, on Sept. 21, after the Bulgarian mobilization had begun, M.
+Venizelos, who was then Prime Minister of Greece, asked France and
+ourselves for 150,000 men, it was on the express understanding that
+Greece would mobilize also. Greece did, in fact, mobilize under his
+direction on Sept. 24, but it was not until Oct. 2 that M. Venizelos
+found himself able to agree to the landing of British and French troops
+under the formal protest, a merely formal protest, which he had already
+made to the French Government. On Oct. 4--I wish these dates to be borne
+in mind--M. Venizelos announced what had happened to the Greek Chamber,
+and at the same time declared that Greece must abide by her treaty with
+Serbia. The next day the King repudiated the declaration and then M.
+Venizelos resigned. The new Government which succeeded declined to
+recognize that a casus foederis had arisen between Greece and Serbia, in
+spite of our constant insistence that Greece should make common cause
+with Serbia, and the new Greek Government, while declaring their desire
+to remain on friendly terms with the Allies, declined to depart from
+their attitude of neutrality.
+
+    H. H. ASQUITH, _House of Commons_,
+    _November 2, 1915_.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE NEXT TO BE KICKED OUT_
+
+_Dumba's Master_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+By reason of the admitted purpose and intent of Mr. Dumba to conspire to
+cripple legitimate industries of the people of the United States and to
+interrupt their legitimate trade and by reason of the flagrant violation
+of diplomatic propriety in employing an American citizen protected by an
+American passport as a secret bearer of official dispatches through the
+lines of the enemy of Austria-Hungary, the President directs me to
+inform your Excellency that Mr. Dumba is no longer acceptable to the
+Government of the United States as the Ambassador of his Imperial
+Majesty at Washington.
+
+    _Official American Note Requesting the Recall of_
+    MR. DUMBA, _the Austro-Hungarian Ambassador._
+
+    _September, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_SEPTEMBER, 1914, AND SEPTEMBER, 1915_
+
+_The Crown Prince, 1914_: "_Now the war begins as we like it._"
+
+_The Crown Prince, 1915_: "_But this is not as I wished it to
+continue._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Towards the end of September, 1916, the British and French Armies began
+an attack upon the German forces at Loos and in the Champagne. During
+five days' fighting, over 25,000 prisoners and 125 guns were captured by
+the Allies.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_IDYLLIC NEUTRALITY_
+
+_A daily smuggling scene on the Dutch frontier_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Neutral countries whose frontiers march with those of Germany have
+rendered enormous aid to the Central Powers by the supply of materials
+and food. The general practice of evasion has been to smuggle home
+produce of all sorts for which high prices were forthcoming and use for
+local consumption similar products imported from other countries over
+seas. The imports of many lines of merchandise into Holland alone are
+known to have increased from fifty to one hundred per cent. compared
+with pre-war figures.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_WHAT SHOULD WE DO WITHOUT MICHAEL?_
+
+_Michael_: "_For my 100 Marks I obtained a receipt. I gave this for
+second 100 Marks and I received a second receipt. For the third loan I
+gave the second receipt. Have I invested 300 Marks and has the
+Government got 300, or have both of us got nothing?_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+If we desire the possibility of shaping a peace in accordance with our
+needs and our vital requirements, we must not forget the question of
+cost. We must see to it that the whole future livelihood of our people
+shall, so far as is in any way possible, be relieved of the burden. The
+leaden weight of thousands of millions is due to the people who got up
+this war. They, not we, shall drag it along with them. Of course, we
+know that this is a matter of peculiar difficulty, but everything that
+can be done in this direction shall be done.
+
+We are paying the money almost exclusively to ourselves, whilst the
+enemy is paying its loans abroad, a guarantee that in the future we
+shall maintain the advantage.
+
+    DR. HELFFERICH,
+    _Reichstag, September, 1915._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_WE DON'T UNDERSTAND THIS LOAN GAME_
+
+_(In Germany there is a game by which children passing a coin from one
+to another are supposed to, but do not, get richer.)_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+German statesmen and editors make a boast of the fact that so far they
+have not raised any war funds by taxation. That is true, but they are
+pursuing the far less commendable course of raising the money by loans
+and by "hanky-panky" manipulations of currency paper. Dr. Helfferich,
+the Imperial Minister of Finance, recently admitted that he dared not
+impose further taxation, and it is a fair inference that he knew any
+such proposals would be futile--that the burdens of the German taxpayers
+are already as heavy as they can bear.
+
+    _The Nineteenth Century and After._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE GERMAN LOAN_
+
+"_Don't breathe on the bubble or the whole will collapse_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The German war loans have been subscribed mainly by the great companies
+of Germany; by the Savings Banks, the Banks, the Life and Fire Insurance
+and Accident Insurance Companies, etc.
+
+Furthermore, these loans have been pyramided; that is to say, a man who
+subscribed and paid for one hundred thousand marks of loan number one
+could, when loan number two was called for, take the bonds he had bought
+of loan number one to his bank and on his agreement to spend the
+proceeds in subscribing to loan number two, borrow from the bank eighty
+thousand marks on the security of his first loan bonds, and so on.
+
+    JAMES W. GERARD _in_
+    "_My Four Years in Germany._"
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+"_Wounded First_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The Allan Liner _Hesperian_ was torpedoed by a German submarine in the
+English Channel on the 4th September, 1915; on board were a number of
+invalided Canadian troops. British admiralty patrol boats were quickly
+on the spot and succeeded in saving all the passengers and crew with the
+exception of eight souls.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE MORNING PAPER_:--"_GREAT NEWS_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The Press Bureau of the War Office announces that a fleet of hostile
+airships visited the eastern counties and a portion of the London area
+last night and dropped bombs.
+
+The following military casualties, in addition to the one announced last
+night, have been reported: Fourteen killed and thirteen wounded.
+
+The Home Office announces the following casualties other than the
+military casualties reported above: Killed--Men, 27; women, 9; children,
+5; total, 41. Injured--Men, 64; women, 30; children, 7; total, 101.
+
+Of these casualties 32 killed and 95 injured were in the London area,
+and these figures include those announced last night.
+
+    _London, October, 1915._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_VAN TROMP AND DE REUTER_
+
+"_So long as you permit Zeppelins to cross our land you surely should
+cease to boast of our deeds._
+
+_(Whenever a Dutchman wishes to speak of the great past of his country
+he calls to mind the names of these heroes.)_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Many of the Zeppelins that raided English towns and villages crossed
+over Holland leaving and returning to their bases in Germany. This was
+held to be a violation of the neutrality of Holland and "pro-Ally"
+Dutchmen endeavored to make the question an international one.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE MARSHES OF PINSK_
+
+_The Kaiser_: "_When the leaves fall you'll have peace._"--_They have._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The last of the great Austro-German strokes had failed, and before the
+beginning of October, 1915, the line of the enemy in the east was
+established precisely where it was to be found unchanged until the great
+offensive delivered upon its southern part by the Russians in the
+beginning of June, 1916. Lord Kitchener put the matter simply and in
+words the accuracy of which could be gauged by the exasperation they
+caused at Berlin, when he said that the enemy had now in the East "shot
+his bolt." It was a phrase exactly true. The expense in men, the
+difficulty of bringing up munitionment; the entry into territories with
+worse roads and less opportunities of supply; the fact that the line now
+reached was cut by the great belt of marshes in the centre--all these
+things between them brought the great adventure to a stand.
+
+    HILAIRE BELLOC.
+    _in Land and Water._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+"_Cheer up, Austria, you have Germans and Bulgarians to help you this
+time_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Until October, 1915, the Austro-Hungarian forces entrusted with the
+invasion and subjection of Serbia had failed in their objectives.
+
+After an initial success the armies of the Dual Empire met with several
+defeats and were finally driven across the Danube. At the beginning of
+the year the Serbian campaign was abandoned and Field Marshal Pottionek
+in command of the Austrian Armies was removed from his post.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_FERDINAND, THE CHAMELEON_
+
+"_I was a Catholic, but needing Russian help, I became a Greek Orthodox.
+Now I need the Austrians I again become Catholic. Should things turn out
+badly I can again revert to Greek Orthodoxy._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Bulgaria must fight at the victor's side. The Germans and
+Austro-Hungarians are victorious on all fronts. Russia soon will have
+collapsed entirely. Then will come the turn of France, Italy, and
+Serbia. Bulgaria would commit suicide if she did not fight on the side
+of the central powers, which offer the only possibility of realizing her
+desire for union of all Bulgarian peoples.
+
+In the beginning none could foresee how events would develop and which
+side would be victorious. If the Government had resolved to participate
+in the great war it might have committed the fault of joining the side
+that would have been beaten, and thus jeopardize the existence of the
+present Bulgarian Empire.
+
+    _From Bulgarian Manifesto.
+    October, 1915._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_SERBIA. AUTUMN, 1915_
+
+"_Now we can make an end of him_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The Balkan campaign is the easiest task ever intrusted to an army
+leader. If the present plan is carried out it will be impossible for the
+Allies to escape capture or disaster, and the only real military task is
+to accomplish all this with the smallest possible loss to ourselves.
+
+Even with the greatest force the Anglo-French Governments can muster the
+Germanic armies will outnumber them two to one, while the Austro-German
+artillery is in the proportion of five to one.
+
+    _The Azest, Budapest,
+    October, 1915._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_OCTOBER IN SERBIA_
+
+_(October in Holland is called the "butcher's month," as the flocks are
+then killed preparatory to the winter.)_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+On October 7th, 1915, an army of 400,000 Austrians, Hungarians and
+Germans forced the Danube and commenced the great drive on Serbia; by
+the 10th the invaders had captured Belgrade. At the same moment the
+Bulgarians in great force attacked the Serbians on their right flank and
+by the 28th joined forces with the Teutonic troops.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE KAISER COUNTS THE BAG_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+On October 13, 1915, about 9:30 at night, fire opened from the skies on
+the centre of London. That same evening parts of the Eastern Counties
+were attacked. In London alone 32 were killed and 95 injured, and the
+total casualties for the whole area of the raid that night were 56
+killed and 113 wounded. A number of houses were damaged, and several
+fires started. Most of the victims were ordinary working folk, doing
+their ordinary work. Motor omnibus conductors died in the street, a
+messenger boy was killed when delivering a message, a potman died at his
+work, a caterer was killed while returning from a Masonic lodge, a
+carman's daughter was injured in the legs and lingered until the next
+morning, a waitress was done to death while returning from a Young
+Women's Guild, and so on.
+
+    _Times History of the War._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+"_THE ENTRY INTO CONSTANTINOPLE_"
+
+_The Kaiser_: "_Who is this man?_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The German Emperor will spend Christmas in Constantinople at the head of
+his victorious troops.
+
+    _The Pesti-Napols, Budapest.
+    October, 1915._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_GO TO YOUR HEREDITARY ENEMY, BULGARIA_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+It must not be forgotten that Greece is an independent nation that
+disposes of its fate in full sovereignty. The Austro-German attack on
+Serbia releases Greece at least from the obligation of armed
+intervention, and independent of that attack it is materially impossible
+for Serbia to give Greece the support of 150,000 men stipulated in the
+treaty in case of war with Bulgaria, the Entente powers have not
+furnished a contingent equivalent.
+
+    _Grecian Note of October 26, 1915._
+
+
+I deplored the fact that Serbia is being left to be crushed by Bulgaria,
+Greece's hereditary enemy, who will not scruple later to fall on Greece
+herself.
+
+    _From speech of_ VENIZELOS
+    _before dissolution of his Government._
+    _November 3, 1915._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+"_THEY BOWED THE KNEE BEFORE HIM_"
+
+_The extermination of Armenian Christians, Autumn of 1915_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+These atrocities had as their deliberate object the extermination of the
+Armenian race, and it is not difficult to assess the guilt. The guilt
+lay with the Young Turkish Government at Constantinople and with the
+local officials who acted in collusion with them. But there was a
+greater criminal even than the Young Turkish Government, for behind
+Turkey stood the country that was Turkey's ally and the dominant partner
+in the policy she pursued. There was a considerable variation in the
+conduct of individual Germans in Turkey. The German missionaries seem to
+have stood laudably by their principles, and the German Vice-Consul at
+Erzerum is said to have sent the exiles relief. But in the Aleppo
+province and Cilicia the German officials, both military and civil,
+threw themselves actively into the Young Turks' scheme; at Moush and Van
+German officers are believed to have participated directly in the
+slaughter, and at Erzerum they are reported to have taken their share of
+the Armenian girls.
+
+    _Times History of the War._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_DRIVEN FROM THE TEMPLE OF HUMANITY_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+If the Porte considers it necessary that Armenian insurrections can
+either go on or should be crushed so as to exclude all possibility of
+their repetition, then there is no murder and no atrocity, but simply
+measures of a justifiable and a necessary kind.
+
+    COUNT VON REVENTLOW.
+
+
+I was asked last night to define German militarism, and there is the
+definition (above) in the devilish spirit of such a judgment and excuse
+for the cowardly massacre of 800,000 human beings, not all men, but
+thousands of women and children.
+
+    T. P. O'CONNOR, M.P.
+    _House of Commons,
+    London, November 16, 1915._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE OLD SERB_
+
+"_Fighting with the Bulgarians against the Turk I lost my brothers, my
+sons fell fighting with the Greeks against Bulgaria, but only when the
+Germans came were my wife and children killed._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+In the three districts of Polzerie, Matchva, and Yadar, the various
+kinds of death and torture inflicted were apportioned as follows:
+
+                                                          _Males_ _Females_
+  Victims shot                                                345        64
+  Victims killed with knives                                  113        27
+  Victims hanged                                                7         6
+  Victims massacred and clubbed to death with sticks and       48        26
+          butt-ends of rifles
+  Victims disemboweled                                          2         4
+  Victims burned alive                                         35        96
+  Victims pinioned and robbed                                  52        12
+  Victims whose arms were cut off, torn off, or broken          5         1
+  Victims whose legs were cut off or broken                     3         0
+  Victims whose noses were cut off                             28         6
+  Victims whose ears were cut off                              31         7
+  Victims whose eyes were put out                              30        38
+  Victims whose genital organs were mutilated                   3         3
+  Victims whose skin was cut in strips, or portions of         15         3
+          their face detached
+  Victims stoned                                               12         1
+  Victims whose breasts were cut off                            0         2
+  Victims cut in pieces                                        17        16
+  Victims beheaded                                              1         0
+  Little girl thrown to the pigs                                0         1
+  Victims killed without the manner of their deaths           240         5
+  being specified
+
+    _Serbian Government Report_,
+    PROFESSOR R. A. REISS,
+    _University of Lausanne,
+    Switzerland_.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_NEW PEACE OFFERS_
+
+_Von Bethmann-Hollweg_: "_The worst of it is, I must always deny having
+been there._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+In reality none of our enemies has approached us with suggestions of
+peace. Our enemies have rather considered it to their interest to
+attribute to us falsely offers of peace. Both facts have the same
+explanation--self-deception beyond compare, which we would only make
+worse if we approached them with peace proposals, instead of waiting for
+them to come to us.
+
+    VON BETHMANN-HOLLWEG.
+    _Reichstag, December 5, 1915._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_FERDINAND S'EN VA T'EN GUERRE NE SAIT S'IL REVIENDRA_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+In true comradeship the glorious triumphal march of your Majesty's
+nation in arms began, which, under the guidance of its illustrious War
+Lord, has added one sublime leaf of glory to another in the history of
+Bulgaria. In order to give visible expression to my feelings for such
+deeds, and to the feelings of all Germany, I have begged your Majesty to
+accept the dignity of Prussian Field Marshal, and I am, with my army,
+happy that you, by accepting it, also in this sense _have become one of
+us_.
+
+    _The_ GERMAN EMPEROR _to_
+    KING FERDINAND _of Bulgaria
+    at Nish, Serbia, December, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE VOICE OF THE PEOPLE_
+
+_The Kaiser_: "_Don't bother about your people, 'Tino. They must do what
+we say._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The Venizelist "Patris" took another view of the situation on the same
+date:
+
+Only those who are unable to foresee things, or who are panic-stricken,
+would be unable to foretell the evolution of the events immediately
+following the Austro-German attack on Serbia. The Central Empires, not
+disposing enough troops for this campaign, needed the Bulgars, with whom
+they associated; but they also needed the neutrality of Greece, because
+without it Bulgaria would be unable to cooperate with them, as she would
+have to defend herself against Greece. In order to secure Bulgar help,
+the Austro-Germans used the method of compensation. The whole of Serbian
+Macedonia, a part of Old Serbia, an exit on the Adriatic Sea,
+concessions at the expense of Turkey--all this was a part of the
+national problem of the Bulgarian lust of conquest. It was in this way
+that the Bulgarians undertook the assassin's job of striking Serbia from
+behind. In order to secure the neutrality of Greece, the Austro-Germans
+resorted to the Prussian method of terrorism, inasmuch as no other
+concessions and compensations were at hand. Both methods have been
+equally successful.
+
+    _The Athens "Patris" Current History.
+    Special Staff Correspondence. December, 1915._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_TRUTH_
+
+_As painted by the German Chancellor_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+It is well known that France granted loans to Russia only under the
+condition that it develop its Polish fortresses and railroads against
+us; also that England and France regarded Belgium as their route of
+advance against us. We must protect ourselves politically and militarily
+against this, and also insure our economic development.
+
+As I said on Aug. 19, we are not the ones who are threatening the small
+nations. We are battling in this struggle, forced upon us, not to
+subjugate foreign nations, but to protect our life and freedom. This war
+remains for the German Government what it was in the beginning and what
+has been maintained in every pronunciamento--a defensive war of the
+German Nation for its future.
+
+    VON BETHMANN-HOLLWEG.
+    _Reichstag, December 9, 1915._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE EVACUATION OF GALLIPOLI_
+
+"_What are you firing at? The British left twenty-four hours ago!_"
+
+"_Sorry, Sir--and what a glorious victory._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The enemy were completely deceived. On the afternoon of December 20,
+1915, a vigorous attack was begun in the Cape Helles area against some
+trenches at the head of the Krithia ravine. With the help of fire from
+warships, the trenches were taken with small loss, and held against
+counter-attacks delivered that night. This operation helped to divert
+the enemy's attention. At 3.30 A. M. on the morning of December 21 a
+huge mine was exploded by the Anzacs near Russell's Top. The Turks
+thought the Anzacs were about to attack, and for forty minutes they
+blazed away furiously with their rifles at the empty trenches. The
+Australians left many letters of farewell to the Turks, assuring them
+that they were clean fighters and that the Australians hoped to meet
+them again.
+
+    _Times History of the War._
+
+
+The retirement from Gallipoli was one of the finest operations in
+military or naval history. It will take an imperishable place in our
+national history.
+
+    H. H. ASQUITH, _Prime Minister,
+    House of Commons, January 10, 1916_.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_CHRISTMAS, 1916_
+
+"_The holy war is at the door_"
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_NEW YEAR'S FEAST OF KULTUR_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The British Liner _Persia_ was sunk by a German submarine on December
+30, 1915, southeast of Crete, while on her way to the Orient. American
+Consul McNeeley, on his way to his post at Arden, was among the 335
+persons who lost their lives, of which two or more were Americans.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE POILU_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+We are not going to grow weary. France has confidence because you are
+there. How often have I heard your officers say: "Never, in any age,
+have we had a finer army. Never have men been better trained, braver,
+more heroic than ours!" Everywhere that I have seen you I have felt
+myself tremble with admiration and hope. You will conquer. The year now
+opening will bring you, my friends, the pride of finishing the defeat of
+the enemy, the joy of returning to your homes, and the sweetness of
+celebrating the victory there amid those you love.
+
+    _The President of France
+    to French Troops, January, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE TRIALS OF A COURT PAINTER_
+
+"_I commenced this as the entry into Paris, but I must finish it as the
+entry into Nish_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Hail Emperor, Caesar and King! Thou art victor and glorious. In ancient
+Nish all the peoples of the East salute thee, the redeemer, bringing to
+the oppressed prosperity and salvation.
+
+    KING FERDINAND OF BULGARIA
+    TO THE GERMAN EMPEROR
+    _On the occasion of the
+    triumphal entry of the two
+    Monarchs into Nish. January, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_VON DER GOLTZ GOES TO THE PROMISED LAND_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+In January, 1916, Field Marshal Baron von der Goltz was appointed
+commander in chief of the Turkish Armies in the Caucasus. The serious
+nature of the Turkish situation in the Caucasus seems to have been
+realised in Berlin but the veteran German general was unable to stem the
+advance of the victorious Russians who were shortly afterwards to
+capture the great fortress of Erzerum with its entire garrison, guns and
+supplies.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE BURIAL OF PRIVATE WALKER_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+On September 9, 1914, Joseph Walker enlisted for the duration of the
+war; on January 11, 1916, the sea bore his dead body to the dyke at West
+Capelle. This afternoon, at 1 P.M., while the northwest wind whistled
+over Walcheren, the English soldier was buried in the churchyard of West
+Capelle.
+
+First the vice-consul in the name of England spread the British flag
+over him who for England had sacrificed his young life. Four men of West
+Capelle carried the coffin outside and placed it at the foot of the
+tower, that old gray giant, which has witnessed so much world's woe,
+here opposite the sea. It was a simple, but touching ceremony.
+
+"Man that is born of a woman hath but a short time to live.... He cometh
+forth like a flower and is cut down." Thus spoke the voice of the
+minister and the wind carried his words, and the wind played with the
+flag of England, the flag that flies over all seas, in Flanders, in
+France, in the Balkans, in Egypt, as the symbol of threatened
+freedom--the flag whose folds here covered a fallen warrior.
+
+And in the roaring storm we went our way. There was he carried, the
+soldier come to rest, and the flag fluttered in the wind and wrapped
+itself round that son of England. Then the coffin sank into the ground
+and the hearts of us, the departing witnesses, were sore. Earth fell on
+it, and the preacher said: "Earth to earth, dust to dust."
+
+    _From the Amsterdam Telegraaf,
+    January, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_"COME AND BE HAPPY AT POTSDAM"_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The little Kingdom of Montenegro was conquered by the Austrians in
+January, 1916. Although the Austrians were present in overwhelming
+force, a substantial part of the Montenegrin Army were able to escape
+and join the Serbs who were in Albania.
+
+Upon the fall of Montenegro, the Kaiser invited the King to accept
+German hospitality in Berlin. The King refused and escaped to France,
+taking up his residence at Lyon.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_TOM THUMB AND THE GIANT_
+
+"_Come and save me, you know I am fond of children_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+On February 1, 1916, the small fishing trawler _King Stephen_ from
+Grimsby found the German Zeppelin L 19 floating in the North Sea with
+her crew clinging to her. The captain of the trawler refused to take the
+crew of the Zeppelin on board his boat, fearing he would be overpowered
+and captured. His action caused a great outcry in Germany,
+notwithstanding the fact that the Zeppelin was doubtless responsible for
+the death of many women and children in England and had actually dropped
+a bomb on a steamer during the previous night and left the crew to
+perish.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_ON THE WAY TO BAGDAD_
+
+"_Halt_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The assault on the forts (Erzerum) and the principal position lasted
+from February 11 till February 15 inclusive. After we had taken the
+forts on the left flank of the principal Turkish line of defense,
+extending about 27 miles, the fate of the forts in the centre and on the
+right flank, and, after them, of the second line forts and the principal
+defensive position, was decided on February 16 after short attacks.
+These fortifications, which were full of Turkish dead, remained in our
+possession.
+
+During the assault on the fortress several Turkish regiments were
+annihilated or made prisoners with all their officers. On the line of
+forts alone we took 197 pieces of artillery of various calibres in good
+condition. In the defence works of the central fortress we took another
+126 pieces of artillery. In the fortified region of Erzerum we took a
+large number of depots of various kinds, which have already been
+mentioned by the Headquarter Staff. The exact number of Turkish
+prisoners is 235 officers and 12,753 men.
+
+    _Russian Official Report on
+    the Capture of Erzerum._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE HOLY WAR_
+
+_The Turk_: "_But he is so great._"
+
+_William_: "_No one is great save Allah and I am his Prophet._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+About the time Turkey became involved in the war a telegram was
+published as having been sent from Kaiser Wilhelm to the Crown Prince
+announcing with evident satisfaction that the supreme Moslem authorities
+at Constantinople had given their sanction to the declaration of a Holy
+War against Russia, England, and France "as oppressors of the Moslems."
+At one time it looked as though the aspirations implied by this message
+might be carried out. There was a mutiny at Singapore in which Moslem
+troops were implicated; there were outbreaks in the Italian Tripolitana
+and among the Senoussi tribesmen on the western border of Egypt; there
+was at least a threat against the Suez Canal, from the direction of
+Beersheba, and there was, or seemed to be, the possibility of a
+pro-German uprising in Persia. The advance of the Russians from the
+Caspian has dissipated this last possibility; the Suez Canal is no
+longer even threatened; the Senoussi have given their submission.
+Finally, from India, from Sultan Mohammed Aga Khan, who is the spiritual
+head of the many million Moslems in India, comes a declaration which
+shows that the hopes of a holy war, as it seems to have been expected in
+Germany, were never anything more than a myth.
+
+    "_Current History_," _New York._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_The Kaiser_: "_Your ruthlessness has failed, Tirpitz; I must pin my
+faith to Count Zeppelin._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The ruthless submarine policy introduced by von Tirpitz earlier in the
+war and which was guaranteed to "bring proud Albion to her knees" had
+completely failed in its object by Spring, 1916. After a bitter fight
+between von Tirpitz and his opponents of whom the chief was the
+Chancellor himself, the Admiral on March 16, 1916, resigned his office
+of Secretary of State for the Imperial Navy.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_GOTT STRAFE ENGLAND_
+
+_"Father says I must do the same with France"_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+We have seen that corps were specially called back to the interior of
+Germany for reposing, training and even feeding calculated towards the
+end in view. Light railways were built upon every side. Heavy artillery
+was concentrated to the number of over one thousand pieces--all that
+could be spared--and slowly massed in the woods by Spincourt, and an
+immense head of shell accumulated during the four winter months. The
+unfit were thoroughly combed out and every possible man taken to swell
+the German effectives. Class 1916 after some four months' training was
+sent forward to the local depots behind the front with the object of
+throwing it into the fighting the moment the losses should become
+serious. Class 1917 began to be called out (in the month of December).
+On the 19th of February, 1916, the first shots of the intensive
+bombardment against the Verdun sector were fired, and on Monday the 21st
+of February the great German offensive was launched.
+
+    HILAIRE BELLOC.
+    _in Land and Water._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_William_: "_You lead new Regiments upon Verdun, whilst I weep over the
+losses of the old ones._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Of the German Corps known to have been engaged the 3rd and 18th Corps
+have been entirely used up, or "spent," as the military phrase goes. The
+7th Reserve Corps has lost half, and the 15th Corps three-quarters, of
+its available strengths. The German forces had by the evening of March 3
+"used up," in addition to those already mentioned, a part of the 113th
+Division, the 5th Reserve Corps, and the Bavarian Ersatz Division,
+without taking into account the losses of other reinforcements, whose
+presence on the battlefield has not yet been definitely ascertained.
+
+None of the prisoners questioned estimated the losses suffered by their
+companies at less than one-third of the total effectives. Taking into
+account all available indications, it may safely be assumed that, during
+the fighting of the last 13 days, the Germans have lost in killed,
+wounded, and prisoners at least 100,000 men.
+
+    LORD NORTHCLIFFE'S _Despatch
+    from Verdun, March 4, 1916_
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+"_NOBODY SEES ME, SO I CAN ALWAYS DENY IT._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+In March, 1916, a great neutral passenger ship, the Dutch Liner
+_Tubantia_, was sunk in the North Sea. All the passengers and crew were
+saved with one exception. The Dutch Government protested to the German
+Government which disclaimed all responsibility, stating that the
+explosion which sunk the vessel must have been due to a British mine.
+During the Dutch Government's investigation members of the crew
+testified to having seen the wake of a torpedo although no submarine was
+observed. Evidence was produced which indicated that the _Tubantia_ was
+the victim of a submarine attack.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_PAN GERMANICUS AS PEACE MAKER_
+
+_The Dove_: "_They say they do not want peace as they have time
+enough._"
+
+_The Eagle_: "_Alas! That is just what we haven't got._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Gentlemen, I have spoken candidly. I have been able to say openly that
+we desire peace, because the German Nation is sufficiently strong, and
+because it is resolved to continue the fight in defense of home and
+country should its enemies not wish for peace.
+
+The Imperial Chancellor knows that the whole world is waiting in
+breathless expectation his reply to our interpellation. I trust that he
+will find the redeeming words, and that he will express his readiness to
+enter into peace negotiations.
+
+    PHILIP SCHEIDEMANN,
+    _Chairman German Socialist Party,
+    Reichstag, March, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+"_We have only come to see that the English don't threaten you._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The Germans left no stones unturned to influence the Dutch in their
+favor. They deluged the newspaper offices with free propaganda,
+telegraphed at great expense from Berlin, and supplied free copies of
+the Berlin Journals. Everything possible was to spread distrust of the
+English, who were constantly accused of having designs on the integrity
+of Holland and of desiring to take possession of the Scheldt. This was
+carried so far that a panic was created on March 31, 1916, by the report
+of landing of the Entente forces in Zeeland. The report, which was
+without any foundation, was circulated by the Germans and spread like
+wild fire around the country.
+
+    _The Times History of the War._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_HOHENZOLLERN MADNESS_
+
+_The storming of Dead Man's Hill_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+We figure that the attempt to rush this important position (their object
+was to capture Le Mort Homme, in order to render untenable the key
+sector of Pepper Hill and Douaumont) cost the Germans fully 30,000 men,
+of whom an unusually high proportion were killed, owing to their
+inability to succor and save the slightly wounded.
+
+Perhaps now the enemy will realize that he has reached a stalemate, for
+the abrupt breakdown of yesterday's attempt against Vaux and Douaumont
+proves once more it is impossible to advance there while we hold Le Mort
+Homme, and the latter must seem to be impregnable.
+
+    _French Official Eyewitness.
+    March 26, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_"MY SON LIES HERE, WHERE ARE YOURS?"_
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+THE OLD POILU
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Soldiers of the Army of Verdun! For three weeks you have been exposed to
+the most formidable assaults yet attempted against us by the enemy.
+Germany counted upon the success of this effort, which she believed to
+be irresistible, and to which she has devoted her best troops and her
+most powerful artillery. She hoped that the capture of Verdun would
+revive the courage of her allies and would convince neutral countries of
+German superiority. She had reckoned without you. Night and day, despite
+a bombardment without precedent, you have resisted all attacks and
+maintained our positions. The struggle is not yet at an end, for the
+Germans require a victory. You will succeed in wresting it from them. We
+have munitions and reserves in abundance; but, above all, you have
+indomitable courage and faith in the destinies of the Republic. The eyes
+of the country are upon you. You will be among those of whom it will be
+said: they barred the road to Verdun to the Germans.
+
+    GENERAL JOFFRE _to
+    the French Army at Verdun,
+    March, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_"GERMAN CHIVALRY ON THE SEA"_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The British Submarine _E13_ ran aground on the Danish Island of Saltholm
+within the three mile limit. Whilst in this helpless position, unable to
+attack or to defend herself she was shelled by a large German destroyer.
+Of her crew of thirty, fifteen were killed.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE ETERNAL BARRAGE_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The British Official Press Bureau reports the German casualties during
+February, 1916, at 35,198, of whom 10,211 were killed or died either of
+wounds or sickness; 2,017 missing, 5,217 severely wounded, 1,340
+prisoners, 11,865 slightly wounded. The German casualties during March,
+including the slaughter at Verdun and the sanguinary struggles in the
+eastern theatre, are estimated at 175,000. This estimate, added to the
+previous reports, swell the German losses since the beginning of the
+war--including all German nationalities: Prussians, Bavarians, Saxons,
+and Wuerttembergers, but excluding naval and colonial casualties--to the
+grand total of 2,842,372, of which number about 660,000 were killed and
+died of wounds, 40,000 died of sickness, 120,000 are prisoners, 220,000
+are missing, 365,000 are severely wounded, 265,000 wounded, about
+1,050,000 slightly wounded, 140,000 wounded remaining with units. The
+number killed in action, estimating one-half the missing as killed, is
+over 25 per cent. of the total.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_VON BETHMANN-HOLLWEG'S PEACE SONG_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+This new Europe in many respects cannot resemble the past. The blood
+which has been shed will never be repaid, and the wealth which has been
+destroyed can only slowly be replaced. But, whatever else this Europe
+may be, it must be for the nations that inhabit it a land of peaceful
+labor. The peace which shall end this war shall be a lasting peace. It
+must not bear the germ of new wars, but must provide for a peaceful
+arrangement of European questions.
+
+    VON BETHMANN-HOLLWEG.
+    _Reichstag, April 5, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+"_WHY, I HAVE KILLED YOU TWICE AND YOU DARE TO COME BACK AGAIN!_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The capture of Trebizond, the most important Turkish city on the Black
+Sea, marks another important step in Russia's historic campaign in Asia
+Minor. After a sanguinary battle at Kara Dera on April 14 the Grand
+Duke's troops broke through the fierce resistance of the Turks and, with
+the cooperation of the Russian Black Sea Fleet, fought their way three
+days later into the fortified city of Trebizond. With this strongest
+point on the Anatolian coast in Russian hands, the menace to the back
+door of Constantinople becomes imminent.
+
+_Current History, New York._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+"_Mais quand la voix de Dieu l'appela il se voyait seul sur la terre au
+milieu de fantomes tristes et sans nombre._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The latest estimate of German losses at Verdun is 200,000! Does the
+Kaiser, at safe distance, still "look on"? What blessing has this
+monarch of a great and productive realm brought upon his people?
+Mourning, desolation, and irremediable misery! No triumph, no victory
+can atone for such a deluge of blood and tears! That capricious
+Personage "somewhere in Heaven," whom Wilhelm calls "Unser Gott," may
+possibly resent the deliberate casting away of golden opportunities on
+the part of his crowned earthly "familiar," to whom a peaceful world was
+offered, only to be kicked aside for a battered helmet and broken sword!
+
+"Thrust in thy sickle and reap!" O Emperor of a brief and bitter day!
+The harvest of death, not life!--the harvest of curses, not blessings!
+The thousands of dead men--dead in the very strength of
+manhood--sacrificed in a holocaust on the flaming altar of the wickedest
+war the world has ever seen, may have their own story to tell to "Unser
+Gott"; so may the bereaved and wretched women whose husbands and sons
+have been torn from their arms forever.
+
+    MARIE CORELLI _in
+    The Sunday Times, London,
+    April, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE DEPORTATIONS FROM LILLE_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The attitude of England renders it increasingly difficult to feed the
+population.
+
+To lessen misery, the German authority has recently asked volunteers to
+work in the country. This offer has not had the success which was
+expected. Consequently the inhabitants will be removed by compulsion and
+transported to the country. Those removed will be sent in the interior
+of French occupied territory far behind the front, where they will be
+employed in agriculture and in no way in military work.
+
+    _German Proclamation.
+    Lille, April, 1916._
+
+
+Upon the order of General von Graevenitz and with the assistance of
+Infantry Regiment 64, sent by the German General Headquarters, about
+25,000 French, young girls from 16 to 20 years old, young women and men
+up to the age of 55 years, without distinction of social condition, were
+torn from their homes at Roubaix, Tourcoing, and Lille, pitilessly
+separated from their families, and forced to do agricultural work in the
+Departments of the Aisne and Ardennes.
+
+    _French Official Report._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE LAST THROW_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+These are not, as our enemies are pretending to believe, the last
+exertions of an exhausted nation, but the hammer blows of a strong,
+invincible people which commands sufficient reserves in men and all
+other means for the continuation of the hammer blows.
+
+    _The Prussian War Minister_,
+    GENERAL WILD VON HOHENBORN,
+    _the Reichstag, April 11, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_RUSSIA TO FRANCE_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+On the 20th of April, 1916, a number of transports arrived at Marseilles
+carrying a large number of Russian troops for the support of France. The
+troops had come by water through the East. Russian troops continued to
+arrive in France for some time afterwards.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE DEATH'S HEAD HUSSAR AT VERDUN_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+In short, with ever-ebbing vigor, the German Army is smashing its head
+against the walls of Verdun. The weight and vigor of the blows decrease,
+but the suicidal mania continues. Two months have passed since the early
+success of the German attack ended with the capture of Vaux village.
+Each resumption of the attempt to take Verdun since that time has been a
+cause for increasing wonder. What is there about this enterprise that
+has turned it into a fatal obsession, from which the German high command
+cannot escape, however great the cost of continuance?
+
+    _From the Paris Figaro.
+    April, 1915._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_SIR JUDAS CASEMENT_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+On April 24 Sir Roger Casement, a former Consul General, was captured in
+the act of trying to land German arms on the west coast of Ireland. He
+had been conveyed thither in a German submarine, with two Irish soldiers
+from German prisons. A German auxiliary cruiser loaded with 20,000
+rifles and ammunition was taken and sunk at the same time. The vessel
+was sunk by its own men, and the twenty-two German bluejackets on board
+were made prisoners....
+
+Casement had last been heard of in Germany, where he had attempted to
+induce Irish prisoners of war to join an anti-British expedition to
+Ireland. Testimony at his preliminary trial in London subsequently
+showed that on Good Friday he had landed near Tralee from the German
+submarine U-19 with a soldier named Bailey and another named Monteith.
+In "McKinna's Fort" he was seen to drop a paper containing a code and
+the words: "Await further instructions. Have decided to stay. Further
+ammunition and rifles are needed. Send another ship." The small
+collapsible boat in which he and his companions had landed also helped
+to betray them, and Casement and Bailey were arrested before they could
+get away in the automobile which was waiting for them.
+
+    _Current History, New York._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The manifesto of the Provisional Government of the Irish Republic did
+not secure the support or signature of a single elected representative
+of any section of the Irish people, or of any man who had won influence
+by public services for Ireland. Its signatories were a convicted
+dynamiter, a handful of minor poets, journalists and schoolmasters, a
+junior corporation official, and a Syndicalist leader. The movement,
+wrote Mr. Redmond, was insane and anti-patriotic: "Germany plotted it,
+Germany organized it, Germany paid for it. So far as Germany's share in
+it is concerned, it is a German invasion of Ireland, as brutal, as
+selfish, as cynical as Germany's invasion of Belgium."
+
+    _The Times History of the War._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE GRAVES OF ALL HIS HOPES_
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+"_THE SUSSEX_"
+
+"_You need cooling, my friend_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+I have deemed it my duty, therefore, to say to the Imperial German
+Government that if it is still its purpose to prosecute relentless and
+indiscriminate warfare against vessels of commerce by the use of
+submarines, notwithstanding the now demonstrated impossibility of
+conducting that warfare in accordance with what the Government of the
+United States must consider the sacred and undisputable rules of
+International Law and the universally recognized dictates of humanity,
+the Government of the United States is at last forced to the conclusion
+that there is but one course it can pursue and that unless the German
+Imperial Government should now declare and effect the abandonment of its
+present methods of warfare against passenger and freight-carrying
+vessels, this Government can have no choice but to sever diplomatic
+relations with the Government of the German Empire altogether.
+
+    PRESIDENT WILSON'S
+    _Address to Congress,
+    April 19, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+"_I THOUGHT YOU SAID YOU WERE TOO PROUD TO FIGHT!_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+This decision I have arrived at, to break off diplomatic relations with
+Germany unless her methods of submarine warfare were abandoned, with the
+keenest regret; the possibility of the action contemplated I am sure all
+thoughtful Americans will look forward to with unaffected reluctance.
+But we cannot forget that we are in some sort and by the force of
+circumstances the responsible spokesmen of the rights of humanity, and
+that we cannot remain silent while those rights seem in process of being
+swept utterly away in the maelstrom of this terrible war. We owe it to a
+due regard for our own rights as a nation, to our sense of duty as a
+representative of the rights of neutrals the world over, and to a just
+conception of the rights of mankind to take this stand now with the
+utmost solemnity and firmness.
+
+    PRESIDENT WILSON'S
+    _Address to Congress.
+    April 19th, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+"_Indeed, I am the most humane fellow in the world._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The German Government attaches no less importance to the sacred
+principles of humanity than the Government of the United States. It
+again fully takes into account that both Governments for many years
+cooperated in developing international law in conformity with these
+principles, the ultimate object of which has always been to confine
+warfare on sea and land to armed forces of belligerents and safeguard as
+far as possible noncombatants against the horrors of war.
+
+    _German Gov't. reply to
+    U. S. Government in Sussex Case.
+    May, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_Von Tirpitz_: "_Well, my dears, I'm afraid you will have to improve
+your manners--for a while at least._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The German Government notifies the Government of the United States that
+German naval forces have received the following order:
+
+In accordance with the general principles of visit and search and the
+destruction of merchant vessels, recognized by international law, such
+vessels, both within and without the area declared a naval war zone,
+shall not be sunk without warning and without saving human lives unless
+the ship attempt to escape or offer resistance.
+
+    _Imperial German Government
+    to United States Government.
+    May 4, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+"_WELL, MR. PRESIDENT, IF YOU INSIST, WE SHALL TRY TO BEHAVE LIKE
+GENTLEMEN._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+In view of the circumstances the German Government frankly admits that
+the assurance given to the American Government, in accordance with which
+passenger vessels were not to be attacked without warning, has not been
+adhered to in the present case. As was intimated by the undersigned in
+the note of the 4th instant, the German Government does not hesitate to
+draw from this resultant consequences. It therefore expresses to the
+American Government its sincere regret regarding the deplorable incident
+and declares its readiness to pay an adequate indemnity to the injured
+American citizens. It also disapproved of the conduct of the commander,
+who has been appropriately punished.
+
+    VON JAGOW,
+    _German Foreign Secretary
+    to United States Government,
+    8th May, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_GOTT STRAFE VERDUN_
+
+"_I wish I knew whether it is wiser to retreat or to advance_"
+
+VERDUN
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+For more than two months the battle of Verdun has raged almost
+ceaselessly day and night. It is conceded that Germany has concentrated
+picked troops and heavy guns in quantities never before seen in war.
+Yet, apart from the first withdrawal of General Petain's army from
+outlying positions to definite lines of defense, the two months fighting
+has not given the attacking forces a gain of two miles.
+
+    _Current History, New York._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_GERMAN MILITARISM ON THE ALLIES' OPERATING TABLE_
+
+"_For the sake of the world's future we must first use the knife_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The Germans have come with floating mines in the open seas, threatening
+belligerents and neutrals equally. They have come with the
+undiscriminating and murderous Zeppelin, which does military damage only
+by accident. They have come with the submarine, which destroys neutral
+and belligerent ships and crews, in scorn alike of law and mercy. They
+have come upon blameless nations with invasion, incendiarism, and
+confiscation. They have come with poisonous gases and liquid fire. All
+their scientific genius has been dedicated to wiping out human life.
+They have forced these things into general use in the war.
+
+The Prussian authorities apparently have but one idea of peace--an iron
+peace imposed on other nations by German supremacy. They do not
+understand that free men and free nations will rather die than submit to
+that ambition, and that there can be no end to the war till that aim is
+defeated and renounced.
+
+    _From an interview with_
+    SIR EDWARD GREY,
+    _in the Chicago News,
+    May, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_EMPIRE DAY, 1916_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+When Germany challenged us nearly two years ago to uphold with our lives
+the ideals by which we professed to live, we accepted the challenge, not
+out of madness, nor for glory or for gain, but to make good those
+professions. Since then the Allies and our empire have fought that they
+may be free and all earth may be free from the intolerable domination of
+German ideals. We did not foresee the size of the task when it opened.
+We do not flinch from it now that the long months have schooled us to
+full knowledge and have tempered us nationally and individually to meet
+it. The nations within the empire have created, maintained, and
+reinforced from their best the great armies they devote without question
+to this issue. They have emerged, one by one, as powers clothed with
+power through discipline and sacrifice, strong for good by their bitter
+knowledge of the evil they are meeting, and wise in the unpurchasable
+wisdom of actual achievement. Knowing as nations what it is we fight
+for, realizing as men and women the resolve that has been added to us by
+what each has endured, we go forward now under the proud banner of our
+griefs and losses to greater effort, greater endurance, and, if need be,
+heavier sacrifice, equal sponsors for the deliverance of mankind.
+
+    RUDYARD KIPLING,
+    _on Empire Day, May 24, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE SPRING SONG_
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE GERMAN_:
+
+"_If you will let me keep what I have I will let you go_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+I have twice publicly stated that Germany has been and is prepared to
+discuss the termination of the war upon a basis that offers guarantee
+against further attack from a coalition of her enemies and insures peace
+to Europe. You have read President Poincare's answer to that.
+
+One thing I do know--only when statesmen of the warring nations come
+down to a basis of real facts, when they take the war situation as every
+war map shows it to be, when, with honest and sincere will they are
+prepared to terminate this terrible bloodshed and are ready to discuss
+the war and peace problems with one another in a practical manner, only
+then will we be nearing peace.
+
+Whoever is not prepared to do that has the responsibility for it if
+Europe continues to bleed and tear itself to pieces. I cast that
+responsibility far from myself.
+
+    VON BETHMANN-HOLLWEG _to
+    Berlin Correspondent of
+    New York World.
+    May 22, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE WANDERING JEW_
+
+"_Once I turned the Christ from my door; now I must wander from the
+Northern to the Southern seas--from Eastern to the Western shores ...
+asking for Peace, but never finding it._"
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_GRATITUDE OF THE WOMEN OF FRANCE TO THE KING OF SPAIN FOR THE TRACING
+OF THE MISSING_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The soul of the royal work for the discovery of the missing is Don
+Emilio-Maria de Torres, Minister Plenipotentiary and private secretary
+to his Majesty. It is in the offices of his Secretariat, in the Palacio
+Real, that this work is installed; it was soon so crowded there that it
+became necessary to give up to it four halls, and then eight, in order
+that the collaborators, becoming more and more numerous, might work
+comfortably. In May, 1916, the work of the King, already a year old,
+occupied at Madrid twenty-eight persons, who began their day at eight in
+the morning and sometimes worked far into the night.
+
+    MME. GABRIELLE REVAL
+    _in La Revue des Deux Mondes._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE BILL_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+It is proved that from May 20 to May 25 (1916) seven different divisions
+were flung into the battle on both sides of the Meuse. Four of these
+were brought from other points of the Western front--two from Flanders,
+two from the Somme.
+
+On the left bank alone four divisions were employed in the last week-end
+fighting. Without a thought of the enormous losses caused by our curtain
+fire and machine guns, the German Command threw them one after the other
+into the boiling pot east and west of Mort Homme. On May 22 alone,
+before the capture of Cumieres village, which has now been retaken, the
+enemy made no fewer than 16 attacks upon the front from the Avocourt
+Wood to the Meuse. Over 50,000 men sought that day to climb the slopes
+of Mort Homme and the plateau of Hill 304. The great charnel heap had
+15,000 fresh corpses flung upon it without the French lines having
+yielded.
+
+    _Official Despatch from Verdun front._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE LAST RIDE_
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_CAGED_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+During an enterprise directed to the northward our high sea fleet on May
+31 encountered the main part of the English fighting fleet, which was
+considerably superior to our forces.
+
+During the afternoon, between Skagerrak and Horn Reef, a heavy
+engagement developed, which was successful to us, and which continued
+during the whole night....
+
+_The High Sea Fleet returned today (Thursday) into our port._
+
+    _German Admiralty Report.
+    Berlin, June 1, 1916._
+
+
+On the afternoon of Wednesday, the 31st of May, a naval engagement took
+place off the coast of Jutland.
+
+The British ships on which the brunt of the fighting fell were the
+battle cruiser fleet and some cruisers and light cruisers, supported by
+four fast battleships. Among these the losses were heavy.
+
+The German battle fleet, aided by low visibility, avoided a prolonged
+action with our main forces. As soon as these appeared on the scene _the
+enemy returned to port_, though not before receiving severe damage from
+our battleships.
+
+    _British Admiralty Report.
+    London, June 2, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE BATTLE OF JUTLAND_
+
+_William Falstaff_: "_I know not what you call all, but if I fought not
+with the whole British fleet, then I am a bunch of radish._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Our High Sea Fleet on May 31 encountered _the main part of the English
+fleet_.
+
+On our side the small cruiser _Wiesbaden_, by hostile gunfire during the
+day engagement, and his Majesty's ship _Pommern_, during the night, as
+the result of a torpedo, were sunk.
+
+The fate of his Majesty's ship _Frauenlob_, which is missing, and of
+some torpedo boats, which have not returned yet, is unknown.
+
+    _German Admiralty Report. June 1, 1916._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+In order to prevent fabulous reports, it is again stated that in the
+battle off Skagerrak on May 31 the German high sea forces were in battle
+with _the entire modern English fleet_.
+
+We were obliged to blow up the small cruiser _Elbing_, which, on the
+night of May 31-June 1, owing to a collision with other German war
+vessels, was heavily damaged.
+
+    _German Admiralty Report. June 3, 1916._
+
+
+We state that the total loss of the German high sea forces during the
+battle of May 31-June 1 and the following time are: One battle cruiser,
+one ship of the line of older construction, four small cruisers, and
+five torpedo boats. Of these losses, the _Pommern_, launched in 1905;
+the _Wiesbaden_, _Elbing_, _Frauenlob_, and five torpedo boats already
+have been reported in official statements. For military reasons, we
+refrained until now from making public the losses of the vessels
+_Luetzow_ and _Rostock_.
+
+    _German Admiralty Report. June 8, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+"_AT LAST, TIRPITZ, I MAY TENDER MY IMPERIAL THANKS PUBLICLY._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+After visiting my fleet, which returned victoriously from a heavy
+battle, I feel I must again declare to you my imperial thanks for what
+you have performed in my service in the technical domain and the domain
+of organization. Our ships and weapons upheld themselves brilliantly in
+the battle in the North Sea. It is also for you a day of glory.
+
+    THE GERMAN EMPEROR _to_
+    GRAND ADMIRAL VON TIRPITZ.
+    _June, 1916._
+
+Before the Battle of Jutland Von Tirpitz retired from his post as
+Minister of the Navy on the ground of ill health. He is credited with
+being responsible for the submarine policy of ruthlessness which the
+German Government were forced to moderate on account of President
+Wilson's firm attitude in the Sussex episode.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+"_We Had Almost Beaten the Boy When His Father Arrived and Then We Had
+to Run for Our Lives._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The Germans were driven back into their ports without so much as making
+an effort to grapple with the main body of our Grand Fleet, and had the
+temerity to claim what really was a rout as a complete victory. A couple
+more such victories and there will be nothing left of the German Navy
+worth speaking about. The truth is slowly leaking out, and its full
+extent is not yet realized or appreciated. Our command of the seas, so
+far from being impaired, has been more firmly and unshakably
+established.
+
+    H. H. ASQUITH,
+    _British Prime Minister._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_DER TAG_
+
+_Thank God, "the Day" is over_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+First--It was admitted that "the small cruiser _Wiesbaden_ was sunk" and
+that the _Pommern_--the character of that ship not being mentioned--had
+also been destroyed; the light cruiser _Frauenlob_ was "missing," with
+"some torpedo boats." The rest of the High Seas Fleet, it was declared,
+"had returned to our harbors."
+
+Second--It had to be confessed that the light cruiser _Elbing_ had been
+sunk.
+
+Third--A statement was issued to the effect that "one battle cruiser,
+(the _Luetzow_,) one ship of the line of older construction, (the
+_Pommern_,) four smaller cruisers," (the _Wiesbaden_, _Elbing_,
+_Frauenlob_, and _Rostock_,) and "five torpedo boats" (really
+destroyers) represented "the total loss."
+
+Fourth--It is now known that the battle cruiser _Seydlitz_ was run
+ashore to save her from sinking. It is asserted by travelers who have
+returned to Amsterdam that the battle cruiser _Derfflinger_ sank "on
+being towed into Wilhelmshaven," and it is reported from Copenhagen that
+the _Pommern_ was not the battleship which was torpedoed in the Baltic
+by a British submarine in July last, but a new battle cruiser which was
+named after the German State, thus perpetuating its association with the
+navy. The story of the sinking of the dreadnought battleship
+_Ostfriesland_ awaits confirmation.
+
+    ARCHIBALD HURD
+    _in the London Daily Telegraph._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_German Admiral_: _How quiet it must be in those English harbors
+blockaded by our Fleet._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE DEATH OF KITCHENER_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Field Marshal Lord Horatio Herbert Kitchener, the British Secretary of
+State for War, perished with his staff off the West Orkney Islands on
+June 5 by the sinking of the British cruiser _Hampshire_, which struck a
+mine and went down fifteen minutes later. "O death, where is thy sting?
+O grave, where is thy victory?" Formerly they had sounded in our ears as
+chords of solemn music, breathing consolation; now that we see them
+clearly to be triumphant verities, living and everlasting truths, they
+ring out like a trumpet call, summoning and inspiring the living to
+stronger action. The work continues though the hand that moulded it
+perishes; the body dies, but the soul lives on. There is no sting in the
+grave when on either side men press forward to one immortal goal and
+when living and dead battle together for incorruptible principles.
+Whether individually we live or die signifies nothing, if that high
+cause for which we fight wins. Lord Kitchener's death will not interfere
+with the work he had undertaken, nor shall his passing delay, but rather
+shall it hasten the victory to which he looked forward.
+
+    _Land and Water, London, June 8, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_Crown Prince_: "_We must have a higher pile to see Verdun, Father._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The Crown Prince, after the gigantic effort of his armies, was
+confronted with problems more vast, with a resistance more confident and
+more efficient, than those which he had had to face in the opening days
+of the Verdun offensive. In three days the French had been driven off
+their first positions along a large portion of the Verdun front; over a
+month later they were still defending with increasing vigour their
+second line. Behind that line lay yet another, and the prospect of the
+fall of Verdun was but faint upon the German horizon. The French could
+already count upon victory, the price of Verdun having already been
+exacted in the enemy's blood, without the position having been captured.
+That price, it was said, had been fixed by the Imperial General Staff at
+200,000 casualties.
+
+    _The Times History of the War._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THIS WILL MAKE WILLIAM JEALOUS; IT BEATS HIS NURSE CAVELL._
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Signor Baltisti, before the war, was Deputy for Trent in the Austrian
+Parliament, and in that position was a strong advocate of irredentist
+claims in the Trentino. When war broke out he joined a Trentino regiment
+under the Italian flag.
+
+He was captured by the Austrians in June, 1916, and executed, although
+he wore an Italian uniform. His corpse was publicly hanged on a gibbet
+in the city of Trent.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_SUMMER TIME, 1916--FIVE ON A BENCH_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The Summer of 1916 saw the Germans defeated at Verdun on the Somme and
+at Riga. The Austrians were defeated in the Trentino and the Bukovina.
+The Turks continued their retreat in Asia Minor and the Caucasus, while
+the Entente Allies advanced upon the Bulgarians from Saloniki.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_CIVILISATION_: "_WHAT IS THE VERDICT._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The Government has carried on the war in accordance with methods which
+are even incompatible with everything which has been done hitherto--the
+violation of Belgium and Luxemburg; the use of poison gases, which were
+subsequently used by the other belligerents; there were Zeppelin bombs
+which killed both combatants and noncombatants, a submarine war on
+commerce, the torpedoing of the _Lusitania_, etc.; pillage and extortion
+of tribute, beginning with Belgium; the internment and imprisonment of
+the population of the eastern provinces; various devices for forcing
+prisoners to work against their own country, by spying for the Central
+Powers, thereby committing an act of high treason; contracts arranged
+between Zimmermann and Sir Roger Casement in December, 1915, for the
+formation of armed units of English prisoners of war, for the purpose of
+forming the Irish brigade. Besides these, other attempts must be
+mentioned, which were made among the foreigners in concentration camps
+in Germany, threatening them with internment unless they betrayed their
+own countries and placed themselves at Germany's disposal.
+
+    KARL LIEBKNECHT.
+    _June, 1916_.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_TO THE END_
+
+_War and Hunger_: "_Now you must accompany us to the end._"
+
+_The Kaiser_: "_Yes, to my end._"
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE CONFEDERATES_
+
+"_Did they believe that peace story in the Reichstag, Bethmann?_"
+
+"_Yes, but the Allies didn't._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Germany, using in turn force when she believes herself strongest and
+craft when she feels herself growing feebler, is today resorting to
+craft. She is spreading abroad the illusive word "peace." Where does
+this word come from? To whom has it been spoken? And on what conditions?
+And to what end? By her ambiguous man[oe]uvres Germany reckons on
+dividing the allied countries. No one among us will fall into such a
+trap. I have said, and I repeat, that when blood flows in streams, when
+our troops with so much self-sacrifice are giving up their lives, the
+word "peace" is a sacrilege if it means that the aggressor will not be
+punished and if tomorrow Europe runs the risk of again being delivered
+up to the despotism, fantasy, and caprice of a military caste athirst
+for pride and domination. It would be the dishonor of the Allies! What
+should our reply be if tomorrow, after having concluded such a peace,
+our countries were dragged anew into the frenzy of armaments? What would
+future generations say if we committed such an act of folly and if we
+missed the opportunity which is offered us of establishing on solid
+foundations a lasting peace?
+
+    ARISTIDE BRIAND,
+    _Premier of France.
+    June, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+"_BUNKERED_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+It is one of the greatest sources of pride for the Verdun Army to have
+earned the testimony of the great assembly which incarnates and
+immortalizes the genius of the French tongue and the French race. The
+Army of Verdun has had the good fortune to answer to the appeal
+addressed to it by the country. Thanks to its heroic tenacity the
+offensive of the Allies has already made brilliant progress ... and the
+Germans are not at Verdun.
+
+    GENERAL NIVELLE
+    _to the French Army
+    at Verdun, June, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+"_WE HAVE FINISHED OFF THE RUSSIANS._"
+
+"_Wait a moment_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+RUSSIAN OFFENSIVE, JUNE, 1916
+
+
+The blow which the Russians have delivered to the Teutons has been one
+of the hardest given to any belligerent during the entire war. Not even
+the great German drive of last year has had the effect of the Russian
+offense of the past six weeks. In this case it is much more than a loss
+of territory; it is almost the destruction of an army. Russia had vast
+reserves on which to fall back.
+
+Austria apparently has none. Austria alone of all the belligerents is
+practically exhausted. Only a week ago the Austrian Department of War
+endeavored to get the consent of the Government to call into the
+military service all men between the ages of 56 and 60. Nothing could
+show more eloquently the very dire straits into which the Austrian Army
+has fallen.
+
+    J. B. W. GARDINER.
+    _Current History._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE COSSACKS' SONG OF VICTORY_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The Petrograd official _communique_ of June 27, 1916, stated that the
+prisoners and trophies captured by the armies of General Brusiloff
+between June 4-23 amounted to 4,031 officers, 194,041 men, 219 guns,
+besides 644 machine-guns, 196 bomb mortars, 146 artillery ammunition
+wagons and 38 searchlights.
+
+The enormous importance of the Russian victories of June, 1916, as a
+step in the attrition of the enemy forces was patent; the losses
+suffered by the enemy on the Eastern front during those three weeks were
+about equal to those he had suffered at Verdun in 130 days of fighting.
+
+    _Times History of the War._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_CAPTAIN FRYATT_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Captain Charles Fryatt, master of the Great Eastern Railway's steamer
+_Brussels_, which was captured by German warships on June 23, 1916, and
+taken to Zeebrugge, was tried by German courtmartial at Bruges, July 27,
+condemned to death by shooting, and executed immediately. The charge
+against him was that of attempting to ram the German submarine U-33.
+
+His Majesty's Government find it difficult to believe that a master of a
+merchant vessel who, after German submarines adopted the practice of
+sinking merchant vessels without warning and without regard for the
+lives of passengers or crew, took a step which appeared to afford the
+only chance of saving not only his vessel, but the lives of all on
+board, can have been deliberately shot in cold blood for this action.
+
+    _British Foreign Office._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_BEFORE THE SOMME_
+
+_William_: "_Why are you so heavily bombarding the remains of that
+'contemptible little British army?_"
+
+_Prince of Bavaria_: "_I am afraid the remains are bombarding us._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The German view of the situation at the end of June was well shown in a
+typical article by the military correspondent of the "Berliner
+Tageblatt," Major Moraht, actually published on July 1.
+
+The writer began by declaring that "all the belligerent armies were now
+at a critical stage." The Allies had undoubtedly increased the energy
+and the uniformity of their conduct of war, and their great resources in
+money and men and their command of the sea would enable them to do
+everything possible "to hamper Germany's final victory."
+
+The British offensive was about to begin, and "without a serious
+settlement of accounts with England on the battlefields in the west the
+Germans would not come a step nearer to peace." Major Moraht and the
+other German writers betrayed no sense of the immensity of the coming
+events, and it was clear that the Germans had not begun to dream of the
+defeats that were about to be inflicted upon them.
+
+    _The Times History of the War._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE GERMAN TANGO_
+
+"_From East to West, and West to East, I dance with thee_"
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_The Wolf_: "_Is it not time to stop all further bloodshed?_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+During the early days of July, 1916, a general offensive on the part of
+the Allies began.
+
+The French and British armies attacked on the Somme, taking many towns
+and villages and thousands of prisoners.
+
+The Russians continued their victorious advance in the Bukowina and
+began a tremendous offensive far north on the Riga front.
+
+The Italian troops attacked in the Trentino and captured important
+fortified Austrian positions.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE DEUTSCHLAND DISPATCH_
+
+"_Never mind, Mr. Wilson; it is only a little Lusitania blood on the
+envelope_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+On July 9th the German Merchant Submarine _Deutschland_ arrived at
+Baltimore carrying a cargo of 1,000 tons of merchandise, principally dye
+stuffs. According to a statement by Captain Koenig, commander of the
+_Deutschland_, she was the first of a number of similar vessels which
+were being built for the purpose of breaking the British blockade of
+Germany.
+
+It was stated at the time that the captain of the submarine brought a
+personal letter from the German Emperor to President Wilson.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_BALAAM AND HIS ASS_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+What, German people, is your duty in this hour? The army wants no
+exhortations. It has fought superhumanly. It will fight until final
+victory. But the people at home--this is their duty: To suffer in
+silence, to bear their renunciations with dignity.
+
+    THE KAISER, _July, 1916_.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_TEAM WORK_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The great armies recruited and trained by Lord Kitchener, with the
+mountains of munitions piled up by Lloyd George, have become a
+tremendous weapon in the skilled hands of General Sir Douglas Haig; and
+they are supported on the right by a French army under General Foch that
+has shown itself more than able to keep pace with them. It must not be
+forgotten that the battle of the Somme is a joint enterprise of close
+teamwork under the supreme direction of General Joffre.
+
+Thus far we have heard less of the French than of the English wing, but
+its achievement has been equally brilliant. The Germans caught between
+these Frenchmen and Peronne, like those caught between the British and
+Bapaume, have resisted to the limit of human endurance, but nothing
+human could survive the awful blasting of high explosives to which their
+first and second trench lines were subjected; and the Allies now have
+the shells and the men to keep up the pressure indefinitely.
+
+    _Current History, New York, July, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+"_I Hope, My Dear Friends and Allies, That I Have Been Able to Make You
+Feel Happy and Confident Again._"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The battle is raging, huge beyond all previous imagination. Rejuvenated,
+perfectly equipped with all they want, Russia's armies again have broken
+against our bulwarks in the east. France has experienced a regeneration
+in this war of which she hardly believed herself capable. She has
+dragged her dilatory English Ally into joining the offensive on the
+Somme, and whatever inward worth the British army has it now has an
+abundance of artillery.
+
+    THE KAISER, _July, 1916_.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_ANOTHER NAIL IN HINDENBURG_
+
+(_In 1915 a gigantic statue of wood was erected in Berlin to
+Hindenburg_)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The problem implied in the second phase of the great Russian offensive
+of 1916 had been solved completely in favour of our Allies. The enemy
+had abandoned his entire front south of the Marshes, having lost in ten
+weeks' fighting (May, June, July) in prisoners alone well over 300,000
+men. The total casualties suffered by him in that campaign almost
+equalled the original strength of his armies between the Pripet Marshes
+and the Carpathian Mountains.
+
+    _The Times History of the War._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+"_SEEMS TO BE NEUTRAL: SINK HIM!_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+The freedom of the sea means to Germany that the German Navy is to
+behave at sea as the German Army behaves on land. It means that neither
+enemy civilians nor neutrals may possess rights against militant
+Germany; that those who do not resist will be drowned, and those who do
+will be shot.
+
+Already 244 neutral merchantmen have been sunk in defiance of law and
+humanity, and the number daily grows. Mankind, with the experience of
+two years of war behind it, has made up its mind about German culture.
+It is not, I think, without material for forming a judgment about German
+freedom.
+
+    A. J. BALFOUR,
+    _First Lord of the Admiralty.
+    July, 1916._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_NOW ALSO THE AXE IS LAID UNTO THE ROOT OF THE TREE_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+As the second year of the war drew to its close important gains were
+made by the Allied Armies on all fronts. On the Somme the British
+occupied Mameton Wood, Trones Wood, and the villages of
+Ovillers-la-Boiselle, Longueval, Podieres. The French advanced on a
+front of 10-1/2 miles and captured the German positions from Estrees to
+Vermando-Villers. On the Eastern Front, the Russians crossed the
+Carpathians in the south and pierced Hindenburg's Riga line at several
+points.
+
+On the Isonzo the Italians began a great drive towards Gorizia.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_THE SPIRIT OF FRANCE_
+
+"_France is dying._"--_Hindenburg_
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+This year has been so full of a glory so pure that it will forever
+illumine the human race. It has been a year in which France, the France
+of Joan of Arc and Valmy, has risen, if possible, to even greater
+heights.
+
+Be the war of short or long duration, France accepts it. The country is
+summoning its genius and changing its methods. Each French soldier
+before the enemy repeats the words of Joan of Arc, "You can enchain me,
+but you cannot enchain the fortunes of France."
+
+    PAUL DESCHANEL, _President of French
+    Chamber of Deputies._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+"_BEFORE THE FALL_"
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+_Europe_: "_Am I not yet sufficiently civilised?_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+_Direct Losses of Human Life During Two Years of War_
+                         Dead    Wounded   Dead and    Invalids
+                                            Wounded
+    Austria-H'gry     718,000  1,777,000  2,495,000     533,000
+    Belgium            50,000    110,000    160,000      33,000
+    Bulgaria           25,000     60,000     85,000      18,000
+    England           205,000    512,000    717,000     154,300
+    France            885,000  2,115,000  3,000,000     634,000
+    Germany           885,500  2,116,300  3,001,800     634,900
+    Italy             105,000    245,000    350,000      73,500
+    Russia          1,498,000  3,820,000  5,318,000   1,146,000
+    Serbia            110,000    140,000    250,000      42,000
+    Turkey            150,000    350,000    500,000     105,000
+                    --------- ---------- ----------   ---------
+    Total           4,631,500 11,245,300 15,876,800   3,373,700
+    _From a Danish Estimate
+    published by the War Study Society
+    of Copenhagen._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Raemaekers' Cartoon History of the
+War, Volume 2, by Raemaekers
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK RAEMAEKERS' CARTOON HISTORY ***
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