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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Lancelot of the Laik, by Walter William Skeat
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Lancelot of the Laik
+       A Scottish Metrical Romance
+
+Editor: Walter William Skeat
+
+Release Date: July 25, 2011 [EBook #36848]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LANCELOT OF THE LAIK ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Louise Hope, Robert Cicconetti and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Transcriber’s Note:
+
+This e-text includes characters that require UTF-8 (Unicode) file
+encoding, including:
+
+  ſ  (long “s”)
+  Ȝȝ (yogh)
+  m̅  (m with over-line; the equivalent “n” form is shown as
+      ñ with tilde for better font support)
+  ǽ  (æ with accent, only in the Glossary)
+
+There are also a few letters with macron (“long” mark). If any of these
+characters do not display properly--in particular, if the diacritic
+does not appear directly above the letter--or if the apostrophes and
+quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, make sure your text
+reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8).
+You may also need to change the default font. As a last resort, use the
+Latin-1 version of the file instead.
+
+Unlike most EETS productions, this book was printed with long “s” (ſ).
+The editor’s Introduction says:
+
+  We find, in the MS., both the long and the twisted _s_ (ſ and s).
+  These have been noted down as they occur, though I do not observe
+  any law for their use. The letter “ß” has been adopted as closely
+  resembling a symbol in the MS., which apparently has the force of
+  double _s_, and is not unlike the “_sz_” used in modern German
+  hand-writing.
+
+An italic form of þ (thorn) was apparently not available to the printer.
+In the modern parts of this e-text, the letter has been italicized when
+context seems to warrant it. In the poem, all italics--representing
+expanded contractions or abbreviations--are shown with {braces} as
+“se{n}t” or “{and}”. Other italics are shown conventionally with
+_lines_. To reduce visual clutter, italics in folio numbers (“1 _b_”)
+are unmarked. The change in labeling from “21, 21b” to “22a, 22b”
+appears to be accidental.
+
+Large initial letters in the primary texts are marked with leading
+double ++ as “++Messire”, “++Maist{er}”. The random variation between
+capital and lower-case letters after an initial is as in the original.
+Superscripts are shown with ^ alone. Unless otherwise noted, the
+superscripting continues to the end of the word.
+
+In the Glossary, ȝ (yogh) is alphabetized as z.
+
+In the printed book, some line numbers were moved or omitted for reasons
+of space; they have been silently regularized. Sidenotes giving folio
+numbers are shown as printed. Other sidenotes have been moved to the
+nearest convenient sentence break or major punctuation. Where practical,
+footnotes are grouped together, preferably before headnotes, stanza
+breaks (random) or decorative capitals. Headnotes have been moved to
+agree with the text, and will generally not coincide with printed page
+breaks.
+
+Except for footnotes and similar, all brackets [] are in the original.
+Conversely, except for the indented stanzas at ll. 699-719, all blank
+lines within the poem were added by the transcriber.]
+
+
+
+
+  The Romans
+  of
+  Lancelot of the Laik.
+
+
+
+
+  Dublin:       William Mcgee, 18, Nassau Street.
+  Edinburgh:    T. G. Stevenson, 22, South Frederick Street.
+  Glasgow:      Ogle & Co., 1, Royal Exchange Square.
+  Berlin:       Asher & Co., Unter Den Linden, 11.
+  Boston, U.S.: Dutton & Co.
+  New York:     C. Scribner & Co.; Leypoldt & Holt.
+  Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co.
+
+
+
+
+  LANCELOT OF THE LAIK:
+
+  A Scottish Metrical Romance,
+  (About 1490-1500 A.D.)
+
+  re-edited
+  From a Manuscript in the Cambridge University Library,
+
+  with an
+  Introduction, Notes, and Glossarial Index,
+
+  by
+  THE REV. W. W. SKEAT, M.A.,
+
+  Late Fellow of Christ’s College, Cambridge;
+  and Translator of the Songs and Ballads of Uhland.
+
+
+  [Second and Revised Edition, 1870.]
+
+
+  LONDON:
+  Published for the Early English Text Society,
+  By N. Trübner & Co., 60, Paternoster Row.
+  MDCCCLXV.
+
+
+
+
+  6
+  John Childs and Son, Printers.
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE.
+
+
+I.--DESCRIPTION OF THE MS., ETC.
+
+A former edition of the present poem was printed for the Maitland Club,
+in 1839, and edited by Joseph Stevenson, Esq. It has saved me all
+trouble of transcription, but by no means, I am sorry to say, that of
+correction. Those who possess the older edition will readily perceive
+that it differs from the present one very frequently indeed, and that
+the variations are often such as considerably to affect the sense. Many
+of the errors in it (such as _casualtyee_ for _casualytee_, _grone_, for
+_gone_, _reprent_ for _repent_) are clearly typographical, but there are
+others which would incline me to believe that the transcription was too
+hastily executed; several passages being quite meaningless. Near the
+conclusion of Mr Stevenson’s preface we read: “The pieces which have
+been selected for the present volume[P1] are printed with such errors of
+transcription as have crept into them by the carelessness of the
+scribe;” a statement which certainly implies that there was no intention
+on his part of departing from the original. Yet that he sometimes
+unconsciously did so to such an extent as considerably to alter (or
+destroy) the sense, the reader may readily judge from a few examples:--
+
+    [Footnote P1: The volume contains other poems besides “Sir
+    Lancelot.”]
+
+  LINE.   EDITION OF 1839.      TRUE READING OF THE MS.
+
+  26.     fatil (_fatal_),      fatit (_fated_).
+  285.    unarmyt (_unarmed_),  enarmyt (_fully armed_).
+  682.    can here,             cam nere.
+  700.    rendit (_rent_),      vondit (_wounded_).
+  764.    refuse (_refusal?_),  reprefe (_defeat_).
+  861.    felith (_feeleth_),   ſetith (_setteth_).
+  1054.   vyt,                  ry{ch}t.
+  1084.   speiris,              spuris.
+  1455.   cumyng (_coming_),    cunyng (_skill_).
+  1621.   he war,               be war (_beware_).
+  1641.   promyß,               punyß (_punish_).
+  2010.   ane desyne,           medysyne.
+  2092.   born,                 lorn (_lost_).
+  2114.   havin,                harm.
+  2142.   Hymene (!),           hyme (_him_).
+  2219.   such,                 furth (_forth_).
+  2245.   al so y-vroght,       al foly vroght.
+  2279.   chichingis (!),       thithingis (_tidings_).
+  2446.   love,                 lore (_teaching_). Etc.
+
+Several omissions also occur, as, _e.g._, of the word “off” in l. 7, of
+the word “tressore” in l. 1715, and of four whole lines at a time in two
+instances; viz., lines 1191-4, and 2877-80. It will be found, in fact,
+that the former text can seldom be safely quoted for the purposes of
+philology; and I cannot but think Mr Stevenson’s claim of being accurate
+to be especially unfortunate; and the more so, because the genuine text
+is much simpler and more intelligible than the one which he has given.
+
+The original MS. is to be found in the Cambridge University Library,
+marked Kk. 1. 5. It formerly formed part of a thick volume, labelled
+“Tracts;” but these are now being separated, for greater convenience,
+into several volumes. The MS. of “Lancelot” has little to do with any of
+the rest as regards its subject, but several other pieces are in the
+same hand-writing; and, at the end of one of them, an abstract of
+Solomon’s proverbs, occur the words, “Expliciunt Dicta Salamonis, per
+manum V. de F.”[P2] This hand-writing, though close, is very regular,
+and my own impression certainly is that the scribe has almost always
+succeeded in preserving the sense of the poem, though there is much
+confusion in the dialectal forms, as will be shewn presently.
+
+    [Footnote P2: See Mr Lumby’s editions of “Early Scottish Verse”
+    and “Ratis Raving,” both edited for the E.E.T.S. from this MS.
+    Only the latter of these is in the hand-writing of V. de F.]
+
+The present text is as close a fac-simile of the MS. as can be
+represented by printed letters, every peculiarity being preserved as far
+as practicable, even including the use of _y_ for _þ_ (or _th_); so that
+the reader must remember that _yow_ in l. 94 stands for _thow_, and
+_yis_ in l. 160 for _this_, and so on; but this ought not to cause much
+difficulty. The sole points of difference are the following:
+
+1. In the MS. the headings “Prologue,” “Book I.” etc., do not occur.
+
+2. The lines do not always begin (in the MS.) with a capital letter.
+
+3. The letters _italicized_ are (in the MS.) represented by signs of
+contraction. One source of difficulty is the flourish over a word, used
+_sometimes_ as a contraction for _m_ or _n_. I have expanded this
+flourish as an _m_ or _n_ wherever such letter is manifestly required;
+but it also occurs where it is best to attach to it no value. In such
+instances, the flourish occurs most frequently over the last word in a
+line, and (except very rarely) only over words which have an _m_ or _n_
+in them. It would thus seem that their presence is due to the fact of
+the scribe wanting employment for his pen after the line had been
+written, and that the flourish therefore appears over certain words, not
+so much because the _n_ is _wanting_ in them, as because it is _there
+already_. Such words have a special attraction for the wandering pen.
+Still, in order that the reader may know wherever such flourishes occur,
+they have all been noted down; thus, in l. 46, the stroke over the _n_
+in “greñ” means that a long flourish occurs drawn over the whole word,
+and the reader who wishes to expand this word into “gren{e}” or
+“gren{n}” may easily do it for himself, though he should observe that
+the most usual form of the word is simply “gren,” as in lines 1000,
+1305.
+
+In a few nouns ending in _-l_, the plural is indicated by a stroke drawn
+through the doubled letter; as in _perillis_, _sadillis_, etc.; and even
+the word _ellis_ (else) is thus abbreviated.
+
+4. I am responsible for all hyphens, and letters and words between
+square brackets; thus, “with-outen” is in the MS. “with outen;” and
+“knych[t]ly” is written “knychly.” Whenever a line begins with a capital
+letter included between two brackets, the original has a blank space
+left, evidently intended for an illuminated letter. Wherever illuminated
+letters actually occur in the MS., they are denoted in this edition by
+large capitals.
+
+5. We find, in the MS., both the long and the twisted _s_ (ſ and s).
+These have been noted down as they occur, though I do not observe any
+law for their use. The letter “ß” has been adopted as closely resembling
+a symbol in the MS., which apparently has the force of double _s_, and
+is not unlike the “_sz_” used in modern German hand-writing. It may be
+conveniently denoted by _ss_ when the type “ß” is not to be had, and is
+sometimes so represented in the “Notes.”
+
+6. The MS. is, of course, not punctuated. The punctuation in the present
+edition is mostly new; and many passages, which in the former edition
+were meaningless, have thus been rendered easily intelligible. I am also
+responsible for the headings of the pages, the abstract at the sides of
+them, the numbering of the folios in the margin, the notes, and the
+glossary; which I hope may be found useful. The greatest care has been
+taken to make the text accurate, the proof-sheets having been compared
+with the MS. _three times_ throughout.[P3]
+
+    [Footnote P3: This refers to the edition printed in 1865. In
+    executing the present reprint, the proof-sheets have been once
+    more compared with the MS., and a very few insignificant errors
+    have been thus detected and rectified.]
+
+
+II.--DESCRIPTION OF THE POEM.
+
+The poem itself is a loose paraphrase of not quite fourteen folios of
+the first of the three volumes of the French Romance of Lancelot du Lac,
+if we refer to it as reprinted at Paris in 1513, in three volumes, thin
+folio, double-columned.[P4] The English poet has set aside the French
+Prologue, and written a new one of his own, and has afterwards
+translated and amplified that portion of the Romance which narrates the
+invasion of Arthur’s territory by “le roy de oultre les marches, nomme
+galehault” (in the English _Galiot_), and the defeat of the said king by
+Arthur and his allies.
+
+    [Footnote P4: “As to the Romance of Sir Lancelot, our author
+    [Gower], among others on the subject, refers to a volume of which
+    he was the hero; perhaps that of Robert de Borron, altered soon
+    afterwards by Godefroy de Leigny, under the title of _Le Roman de
+    la Charrette_, and printed, with additions, at Paris by Antony
+    Verard, in the year 1494.
+
+  For if thou wilt the bokes rede
+  Of Launcelot and other mo,
+  Then might thou seen how it was tho
+  Of armes,” etc. (GOWER: _Confessio Amantis_, Book iv.)
+
+_Quoted from_ Warton’s English Poetry, vol. ii., p. 234, _ed._ 1840.
+I quote this as bearing somewhat on the subject, though it should be
+observed that _Le Roman de la Charrette_ is not the same with _Lancelot
+du Lac_, but only a romance of the same class. Chaucer also refers to
+Lancelot in his Nonnes Prestes Tale, l. 392; and it is mentioned in the
+famous lines of Dante (_Inf._ v. 127)--
+
+  “Noi leggevamo un giorno per diletto
+  Di Lancilotto, come amor lo strinse,” &c.]
+
+The Prologue (lines 1-334) tells how the author undertook to write a
+romance to please his lady-love; and how, after deciding to take as his
+subject the story of Lancelot as told in the French Romance, yet finding
+himself unequal to a close translation of the whole of it, he determined
+to give a paraphrase of a portion of it only. After giving us a brief
+summary of the earlier part by the simple process of telling us what he
+will _not_ relate, he proposes to begin the story at the point where
+Lancelot has been made prisoner by the lady of Melyhalt, and to take as
+his subject the wars between Arthur and Galiot, and the distinction
+which Lancelot won in them; and afterwards to tell how Lancelot made
+peace between these two kings, and was consequently rewarded by Venus,
+who
+
+  “makith hyme his ladice grace to have” (l. 311).
+
+The latter part of the poem, it may be observed, has not come down to
+us. The author then concludes his Prologue by beseeching to have the
+support of a very celebrated poet, whose name he will not mention, but
+will only say that
+
+  “Ye fresch enditing of his laiting toung
+  Out throuch yis world so wid is yroung,” etc.[P5] (l. 328.)
+
+    [Footnote P5: He does not necessarily imply that the poet invoked
+    was still alive; and we might almost suppose Petrarch to be meant,
+    who was more proud of his Latin poem called “Africa” than of his
+    odes and sonnets. See Hallam’s Literary History (4 vols.), vol.
+    i., p. 85. But this is pure conjecture.]
+
+The first Book introduces us to King Arthur at Carlisle.[P6] The king is
+visited by dreams, which he imagines to forebode misfortune; he
+therefore convokes all his clerks, and inquires of them the meaning of
+the dreams, proposing to hang them in the event of their refusal. Thus
+strongly urged, they tell him that those on whom he most relies will
+fail him at his need; and when he further inquires if this evil fate can
+be averted, they answer him very obscurely that it can only be remedied
+by help of the water-lion, the leech, and the flower; a reply which the
+king evidently regards as unsatisfactory. Soon after an aged knight,
+fully armed, enters the palace, with a message from King Galiot,
+requiring him to give “tribute and rent.” Arthur at once refuses,
+somewhat to the astonishment of the knight, who is amazed at his
+hardihood. Next arrives a message from the lady of Melyhalt, informing
+Arthur of the actual presence of Galiot’s army. We are then momentarily
+introduced to Lancelot, who is pining miserably in the lady’s custody.
+Next follows a description of Galiot’s army, at sight of the approach of
+which King Arthur and his “niece,” Sir Gawain, confer as to the best
+means of resistance. In the ensuing battle Sir Gawain greatly
+distinguishes himself, but is at last severely wounded. Sir Lancelot,
+coming to hear of Sir Gawain’s deeds, craves leave of the lady to be
+allowed to take part in the next conflict, who grants him his boon on
+condition that he promise to return to his prison. She then provides for
+him a red courser, and a complete suit of red armour, in which guise he
+appears at the second battle, and is the “head and comfort of the
+field;” the queen and Sir Gawain beholding his exploits from a tower.
+The result of the battle convinces Galiot that Arthur is not strong
+enough at present to resist him sufficiently, and that he thus runs the
+risk of a too easy, and therefore dishonourable, conquest; for which
+excellent reason he grants Arthur a twelvemonth’s truce, with a promise
+to return again in increased force at the expiration of that period. Sir
+Lancelot returns to Melyhalt according to promise, and the lady is well
+pleased at hearing the reports of his famous deeds, and visits him when
+asleep, out of curiosity to observe his appearance after the fight.
+
+    [Footnote P6: But the French has “Cardueil.” See l. 2153.]
+
+In the Second Book the story makes but little progress, nearly the whole
+of it being occupied by a long lecture or sermon delivered to Arthur by
+a “master,” named Amytans, on the duties of a king; the chief one being
+that a king should give presents to everybody--a duty which is insisted
+on with laborious tediousness. Lines 1320-2130 are almost entirely
+occupied with this subject, and will be found to be the driest part of
+the whole narrative. In the course of his lecture, Amytans explains at
+great length the obscure prophecy mentioned above, shewing that by the
+water-lion is meant God the Father, by the leech God the Son, and by the
+flower the Virgin Mary. Though the outline of a similar lecture exists
+in the old French text, there would seem to be a special reason for the
+length to which it is here expanded. Some lines certainly seem to hint
+at events passing in Scotland at the time when the poem was composed.
+Thus, “kings may be excused when of tender age” (l. 1658); but when they
+come to years of discretion should punish those that have wrested the
+law. Again we find (l. 1920) strong warnings against flatterers,
+concluding (l. 1940) with the expression,
+
+  “Wo to the realme that havith sich o chans!”
+
+Such hints may remind us of the long minorities of James II. and James
+III.; and, whilst speaking on this subject, I may note a somewhat
+remarkable coincidence. When King Arthur, as related in Book I., asks
+the meaning of his dream, he is told that it signifies that “they in
+whom he most trusts will fail him” (l. 499); and he afterwards laments
+(l. 1151) how his “men fail him at need.” Now when we read that a story
+is current of a prophetess having told James III. that he was destined
+to “fall by the hands of his own kindred,”[P7] and that that monarch was
+in the habit of consulting _astrologers_[P8] (compare l. 432) as to the
+dangers that threatened him, it seems quite possible that the poem was
+really composed about the year 1478; and this supposition is consistent
+with the fact that the hand-writing of the present MS. copy belongs to
+the very end of the fifteenth century.
+
+    [Footnote P7: Tytler’s History of Scotland (Edinburgh, 1841), vol.
+    iv., p. 216.]
+
+    [Footnote P8: The French text does not say anything about
+    “astronomy.” We may especially note the following lines, as _not_
+    being in the French, viz., lines 1473-1496, 1523-1542, 1599-1644,
+    1658-1680, and the long passage 1752-1998.]
+
+Towards the end of the Second Book, we learn that the twelvemonth’s
+truce draws near its end, and that Sir Lancelot again obtains permission
+from the lady to be present in the approaching combat, choosing this
+time to be arrayed in “armys al of blak” (l. 2426).
+
+In the Third Book Galiot returns to the fight with a host thrice as
+large as his former one. As before, Gawain distinguishes himself in the
+first encounter, but is at length so “evil wounded” that he was “the
+worse thereof evermore” (l. 2706). In the second combat, the black
+knight utterly eclipses the red knight, and the last thousand (extant)
+lines of the poem are almost wholly occupied with a description of his
+wonderful prowess. At the point where the extant portion of the poem
+ceases, the author would appear to be just warming with his subject, and
+to be preparing for greater efforts.
+
+In continuance of the outline of the story, I may add that the French
+text[P9] informs us how, after being several times remounted by Galiot,
+and finding himself with every fresh horse quite as fresh as he was at
+the beginning of the battle, the black knight attempted, as evening
+fell, to make his way back to Melyhalt secretly. Galiot, however, having
+determined not to lose sight of him, follows and confronts him, and
+earnestly requests his company to supper, and that he will lodge in his
+tent that night. After a little hesitation, Lancelot accepts the
+invitation, and Galiot entertains him with the utmost respect and
+flattery, providing for him a most excellent supper and a bed larger
+than any of the rest. Lancelot, though naturally somewhat wearied,
+passes a rather restless night, and talks a good deal in his sleep. Next
+day Galiot prays him to stay longer, and he consents on condition that a
+boon may be granted him, which is immediately acceded to without further
+question. He then requests Galiot to submit himself to Arthur, and to
+confess himself vanquished, a demand which so amazes that chieftain that
+he at first refuses, yet succeeds in persuading Lancelot to remain with
+him a little longer. The day after, preparations are made for another
+battle, on which occasion Lancelot wears Galiot’s armour, and is at
+first mistaken for him, till Sir Gawain’s acute vision detects that the
+armour really encases the black knight. As Lancelot now fights on
+Galiot’s side, it may easily be imagined how utter and complete is the
+defeat of Arthur’s army, which was before victorious owing to his aid
+only; and we are told that Arthur is ready to kill himself out of pure
+grief and chagrin, whilst Sir Gawain swoons so repeatedly, for the same
+reason, as to cause the most serious fears to be entertained for his
+life. At this sorrowful juncture Lancelot again claims his boon of
+Galiot, who, in the very moment of victory, determines at last to grant
+it, and most humbly sues for mercy at the hands of Arthur, to that
+king’s most intense astonishment. By this very unexpected turn of
+affairs, the scene of dolour is changed to one of unalloyed joy, and
+peace is immediately agreed upon, to the satisfaction of all but some
+true-bred warriors, who preferred a battle to a peace under all
+circumstances. Not long after, Galiot discovers Lancelot with eyes red
+and swollen with much weeping, and endeavours to ascertain the reason of
+his grief, but with small success. After endeavouring to comfort
+Lancelot as much as possible, Galiot goes to visit King Arthur, and a
+rather long conference takes place between them as they stand at Sir
+Gawain’s bedside, the queen being also present. In the course of it,
+Galiot asks Arthur what price he would pay to have the black knight’s
+perpetual friendship; to which Arthur replies, he would gladly share
+with him half of everything that he possessed, saving only Queen
+Guinevere. The question is then put to Gawain, who replies that, if only
+his health might be restored, he would wish to be the most beautiful
+woman in the world, so as to be always beloved by the knight. Next it is
+put to Guinevere, who remarks that Sir Gawain has anticipated all that a
+lady could possibly wish, an answer which is received with much
+laughter. Lastly, Arthur puts the question to Galiot himself, who
+declares that he would willingly, for the black knight’s sake, suffer
+that all his honour should be turned into shame, whereat Sir Gawain
+allows himself to be outbidden. The queen then obtains a brief private
+conference with Galiot, and prays him to obtain for her an interview
+with the black knight, who promises to do what he can to that end. He
+accordingly sounds the black knight upon the subject, and, finding him
+entirely of the same mind, does all he can to promote their
+acquaintance, and is at last only too successful; and at this point we
+may suppose the Scottish Romance to have stopped, if indeed it was ever
+completed. For some account of the Romance of Lancelot, I may refer the
+reader to Professor Morley’s English Writers, vol. i., pp. 568-570, and
+573; to “Les Romans de la Table Ronde,” par M. Paulin Paris; and to the
+Prefaces to the “Seynt Graal,” edited by Mr Furnivall for the Roxburghe
+Club, 1861, and “La Queste del Saint Graal,” also edited by the same for
+the same club in 1864. In the last-named volume short specimens are
+given from thirteen MSS. at Paris, ten of which contain the Romance of
+Lancelot. There are also manuscript copies of it in the British Museum,
+viz., MSS. Harl. 6341 and 6342, Lansdowne 757, and MS. Addit. 10293.
+
+    [Footnote P9: See Appendix.]
+
+
+III.--THE DIALECT OF THE POEM.
+
+In coming to discuss the dialect, we find everywhere traces of
+considerable confusion; but it is not at all easy to assign a
+satisfactory reason for this.[P10] Certain errors of transcription soon
+shew that the scribe had before his eyes an older copy, which he
+mis-read. Thus, in l. 433, we find “set,” where the older copy must have
+had “fet,” and which he must have mis-read as “ſet;” and again, in lines
+2865, 2883, he has, by a similar confusion between “f” and “ſ,” written
+“firſt” instead of “fift.” It is most probable that the older copy was
+written in the Lowland Scottish dialect (the whole tone of the poem
+going to prove this), as shewn by the use of _ch_ for _gh_, as in
+_bricht_ for _bright_, (unless this be wholly due to the scribe); by the
+occurrence of plurals in _-is_, of verbal preterites and passive
+participles in _-it_, and of words peculiarly Scottish, such as _syne_
+(afterwards), _anerly_ (only), _laif_ (remainder), _oft-syss_
+(oft-times), etc. Moreover, the Northern _r_ is clearly indicated by the
+occurrence of such dissyllables as _gar-t_, 2777, _lar-g_, 2845,
+_fir-st_, 2958, 3075; with which compare the significant spellings
+_harrmful_, 1945, and _furrde_, 2583. But, on the other hand, it would
+appear as if either the author or the copyist had no great regard for
+pure dialect, and continually introduces Southern and Midland forms,
+mixing them together in an indiscriminate and very unusual manner. We
+find, for example, in line 1765,
+
+  “Be{ith} larg and iff{is} frely of thi thing,”
+
+the Scottish form _iffis_ (give) and the Southern _beith_ in close
+conjunction; and we find no less than six or seven forms of the plural
+of the past tense of the verb “to be;” as, for example, _war_ (3136),
+_veir_ (818), _ware_ (825), _waren_ (3301), _veryng_ (2971), _waryng_
+(443), etc. If we could suppose that the scribe was not himself a
+Scotchman, we might in some measure account for such a result; but the
+supposition is altogether untenable, as the peculiar character of the
+handwriting (resembling that found, not in English, but in _French_
+MSS.) decides it to be certainly Scottish; as is also evident from the
+occurrence, in the same hand-writing, of a Scotticised version of
+Chaucer’s “Flee from the press.”
+
+    [Footnote P10: For many valuable remarks upon the dialect of the
+    poem I am indebted to Mr R. Morris.]
+
+The best that can be done is to collect a few instances of
+peculiarities.
+
+1. The broad Northumbrian forms _a_, _ane_, _baith_, _fra_, _ga_,
+_haill_, _hame_, _knaw_, _law_, _sa_, _wat_, although occasionally
+retained, are also at times changed into _o_, _one_, _boith_, _fro_,
+_go_, _holl_, _hom_, _know_, _low_, _so_, and _wot_. Thus, at the end of
+l. 3246, we find _haill_, which could not have been altered without
+destroying the rime; but in l. 3078, we find it changed, in the middle
+of the line, into _holl_. In l. 3406, we find _sa_, but only three lines
+further on we find _so_ twice.
+
+So, too, we not only find _tane_ (taken), _gais_ (goes), but also the
+forms _tone_ and _goß_. See lines 1071, 1073.
+
+2. The true plural form of the verb is shewn by lines 203, 204,
+
+  “Of quhois fame and worschipful dedis
+  Clerkis into diuerß bukis _redis_,”
+
+where alteration would have ruined the rime utterly; and the same
+termination (_-is_) is correctly used in the imperative mood, as,
+
+          ----“ſo _giffis_ ws delay” (l. 463);
+
+  “And of thi wordis _beis_ trew and stable” (l. 1671);
+
+but the termination _-ith_ is continually finding its way into the poem,
+even as early as in the fourth line,
+
+  “_Uprisith_ arly in his fyre chare;”
+
+and in the imperative mood also, as,
+
+  “_Remembrith_ now it stondith one the poynt” (l. 797).
+
+The most singular point of all, however, is this--that, not content with
+changing _-is_ into _-ith_ in the 3rd person singular, the scribe has
+done the same even in the 2nd person, thus producing words which belong
+to no pure example of any distinct dialect. Observe the following
+lines:--
+
+  “O woful wrech, that _levis_ in to were!
+  To schew the thus the god of loue me sent,
+  That of thi seruice no thing is content,
+  For in his court yhoue [= thou] _lewith_ in disspar,
+  And vilfully _sustenis_ al thi care,
+  And _schapith_ no thinge of thine awn remede,
+  Bot _clepith_ ay and _cryith_ apone dede,” etc. (ll. 84-90).
+
+Here _levis_ is altered into _lewith_, not only unnecessarily, but quite
+wrongly. For similar mistakes, see ll. 1019, 1369, 1384, 2203. For
+examples of correct usage, see ll. 1024, 1337, 1796, 2200, 2201.
+
+3. But the terminations which are used in the most confused manner of
+all are _-en_, _-yne_, and _-ing_ or _-yng_. Thus we find the
+non-Scottish infinitives, _telen_ (494), _makine_ (191); the constant
+substitution of _-ing_ for _-and_ in the present participle;[P11]
+a confusion between the past participial ending _-ine_ (more correctly
+_-yn_), and the present ending _-and_, thus producing such forms as
+_thinkine_ (34), and _besichyne_ (418); and also a confusion between
+_-ing_ and the past participial ending _-en_, as _fundyng_ for _funden_
+(465), _fallyng_ for _fallen_ (1217, 1322, 3267), _swellyng_ for
+_swollen_ (1222), and _halding_ for _halden_ (2259). We even find _-ing_
+in the infinitive mood, as in _awysing_ (424), _viting_ (to know, 410),
+_smyting_ (1326), _warnnyng_ (1035), _passing_ (2148), _ſchewing_
+(2736), etc.; and, lastly, it occurs in the plural of the indicative
+present, instead of the Midland _-en_; as in _passing_ (1166), _biding_
+(2670), and _levyng_ (3304).[P12]
+
+    [Footnote P11: We find the true forms occasionally, as _obeisand_
+    (641), _plesand_ (1731), _thinkand_ (2173), _prekand_ (3089), and
+    _fechtand_ (3127). Compare the form _seruand_ (122).]
+
+    [Footnote P12: “The Scottish pronunciation of _-ing_ was already,
+    as it still is, _-een_; and the writer, knowing that the correct
+    spelling of _dwellin_, for example, was _dwelling_, fancied also
+    that _fallen_, _halden_ (Sc. _fallyn_, _haldyn_) were _fallyng_,
+    _haldyng_. Lyndesay and Gawain Douglas often do the same. Compare
+    _gardinge_ (l. 50), _laiting_ (l. 327).” --J. A. H. Murray.]
+
+It may safely be concluded, however, that the frequent occurrence of
+non-Scottish infinitives must not be attributed to the copyist, since
+they are probably due rather to the author; for in such a line as
+
+  “Of his desir to viting the sentens” (l. 410),
+
+the termination _-ing_ is required to complete the rhythm of the line.
+
+In the same way we must account for the presence of the prefix _i-_, as
+in the line
+
+  “Quharwith that al the gardinge was I-clede” (l. 50).
+
+This prefix never occurs in vernacular Scottish; but we may readily
+suppose that this and other numerous Southern forms of words are due (as
+in Gawain Douglas and Lyndesay) to the author’s familiarity with
+Chaucer’s poems, as evinced by the similarity of the rhythm to
+Chaucer’s, and by the close resemblance of several passages. Compare,
+for instance, the first seventy lines of the Prologue with the opening
+passages of “The Flower and the Leaf,” and “The Complaint of the Black
+Knight;” and see notes to ll. 432, 1608. Indeed, this seems to be the
+only satisfactory way of accounting for the various peculiarities with
+which the poem abounds.
+
+Mr J. A. H. Murray, in his remarks printed in the preface to Mr Lumby’s
+edition of “Early Scottish Verse,” comes to a similar conclusion, and I
+here quote his words for the reader’s convenience and information.
+“There is no reason, however, to suspect the scribe of _wilfully_
+altering his original; indeed, the reverse appears manifest, from the
+fact that the ‘Craft of Deyng’ has not been assimilated in orthography
+to ‘Ratis Raving,’ but distinctly retains its more archaic character;
+while in ‘Sir Lancelot,’ edited by Mr Skeat for the Early English Text
+Society, from the handwriting of the same scribe, we have a language in
+its continual Anglicisms quite distinct from that of the pieces
+contained in this volume, of which the Scotch is as pure and unmixed as
+that of the contemporary Acts of Parliament. With regard to the
+remarkable transformation which the dialect has undergone in Sir
+Lancelot, there seems reason, therefore, to suppose that it was not due
+to the copyist of the present MS., but to a previous writer, if not to
+the author himself, who perhaps affected _southernism_, as was done a
+century later by Lyndesay and Knox, and other adherents of the English
+party in the Reformation movement. The Southern forms are certainly
+often shown by the rhyme to be original, and such a form as _tone_ for
+_tane_ = taken, is more likely to have been that of a Northerner trying
+to write Southern, than of a Southern scribe, who knew that no such word
+existed in his dialect. The same may be said of the _th_ in the second
+person singular. A Scotch writer, who observed that Chaucer said _he
+liveth_, where he himself said _he lyves_, might be excused for
+supposing that he would also have said _thou liveth_ for the Northern
+_thow lyves_; but we can hardly fancy a Southern copyist making the
+blunder.”
+
+4. We find not only the Northumbrian forms _sall_ and _suld_, but also
+_shall_, _shalt_, and _shuld_.
+
+5. As regards pronouns, we find the Scottish _scho_ (she) in l. 1169;
+but the usual form is _sche_. We find, too, not only the broad forms
+_thai_, _thair_, _thaim_, but also _thei_ (sometimes _the_), _ther_, and
+_them_. As examples of forms of the relative pronoun, we may quote
+_who_, _quho_, _whois_, _quhois_ (whose), _quhom_, _qwhome_ (whom),
+_quhat_, _qwhat_ (what), and _whilk_, _quhilk_, _quhich_, _quich_,
+_wich_ (which). _Wich_ is used instead of _who_ (l. 387), and we also
+find _the wich_, or _the wich that_, similarly employed. The nominative
+_who_ does not perhaps occur as a _simple_ relative, but has the force
+of _whoso_, or _he who_, as _e.g._, in l. 1102; or else it is used
+interrogatively, as in l. 1172.
+
+6. Many other peculiarities occur, which it were tedious to discuss
+fully. It may suffice, perhaps, to note briefly these following. We find
+both the soft sound _ch_, as in _wich_, _sich_, and the hard sound _k_,
+as in _whilk_, _reke_ (reach), _streke_ (stretch), etc.; which are the
+true Northern forms.
+
+_Mo_ is used as well as _more_.
+
+_Tho_ occurs for _then_ in l. 3184; and for _the_ in l. 247.
+
+_At_ occurs as well as _that_; _atte_ as well as _at the_, 627, 1055.
+
+The short forms _ma_ (make), _ta_ (take), _sent_ (sendeth), _stant_
+(standeth), are sometimes found; the two former being Northumbrian.
+
+_Has_ is used twice as a _plural_ verb (ll. 481, 496).[P13]
+
+    [Footnote P13: “The plural in Scottish always ends in _-s_ after a
+    noun or when the verb is separated from its pronoun; we still say
+    _the men hes_, _the bairns sings_, _them ’at cums_, not _have_,
+    _sing_, _come_. Notice the frequent use of _th_ for _t_, as in
+    l. 497, _Presumyth_ = _presumit_, presumed, it being presumed.”
+    --J. A. H. Murray. [Or, _presumyth_ may be the pl. imperative, as
+    in _Remembrith_ (l. 797), already noticed. --ED.] ]
+
+_Ȝha_ (yes) occurs in l. 2843; but we also meet with _ȝhis_, or _yis_;
+with reference to which Mr Morris writes:-- “The latter term was not
+much in favour with the people of the North. Even now _yes_ sounds
+offensive to a Lancashire man. ‘Hoo cou’d naw opp’n hur meawth t’ sey
+_eigh_ (yea) or _now_ (no); boh simpurt on sed _iss_; th’ dickons iss
+hur on him too. --_Tim Bobbin._’” In fact, the distinction between _ȝha_
+and _ȝhis_, which I have pointed out in _William of Palerne_ (Glossary,
+s.v. _ȝis_), viz., that _ȝha_ merely assents, whilst _ȝhis_ shews
+that the speaker has an opinion of his own, is in this poem observed.
+Thus, in l. 2843, _ȝha_ = “yes, I admit that I do;” but in l. 514, _yis_
+= “yes, but you had better do so;” in l. 1397, _ȝhis_ = “yes, indeed I
+will;” and in l. 3406, _ȝis_ = “yes, but I cannot accept your
+answer.”[P14] The true distinction between _thou_ and _ye_ (_William of
+Palerne_, Pref. p. xli) is also generally observed. Thus the Green Bird,
+in the Prologue, considers the poet to be a fool, and calls him _thou_;
+but the clerks, in addressing Arthur (l. 498) politely say _ye_. And
+again, Amytans, when rebuking Arthur, frequently calls him _thou_,
+without any ceremony. Cf. ll. 659, 908, 921, 2839, &c.
+
+    [Footnote P14: “This _ȝis_ is the common form in the Scottish
+    writers, though _ay_ is largely the modern vernacular.” --J. A. H.
+    Murray.]
+
+As regards the vocabulary, we find that some Northumbrian terms have
+been employed, but others thrown aside. Thus, while we find the
+Northumbrian words _thir_ (these), _traist_ (trust), _newis_ (neives,
+fists), _radour_ (fear), etc., we do not, on the other hand, meet with
+the usual Scottish word _mirk_, but observe it to be supplanted by
+_dirk_ (l. 2471). So, again, _eke_ is used in the sense of _also_,
+instead of being a verb, as more usual in Northern works. We may note,
+too, the occurrence of _frome_ as well as _fra_, and the Scottish form
+_thyne-furth_ (thenceforth) in l. 2196.
+
+The spelling is very various. We find even four forms of one word, as
+_cusynace_, _cusynece_, _cusynes_, _cwsynes_; and, as examples of
+eccentric spelling, may be quoted _qsquyaris_ (squires, l. 3204), whilst
+in l. 3221 we find _sqwar_.
+
+Both in the marginal abstract and in the notes I have chiefly aimed at
+removing minor difficulties by explaining sentences of which the
+construction is peculiar, and words which are disguised by the spelling.
+For the explanation of more uncommon words, recourse should be had to
+the Glossarial Index.
+
+
+
+
+[Transcriber’s Note:
+
+Most of the French text was printed as a single continuous block, except
+where decorative initials mark new paragraphs. It has been broken up to
+accommodate the sidenotes.]
+
+
+APPENDIX.
+
+EXTRACTS FROM THE FRENCH ROMANCE OF “LANCELOT DU LAC.”
+
+
+As it seems impossible to do justice to the story of Lancelot without
+giving due attention to the famous French Romance, and since a portion
+of the French text is really necessary to complete even that fragment of
+it which the Scottish author proposed to write, the following extracts
+have been made with the view of shewing (1) the general outline of the
+earlier part of the story, (2) the method in which the Scottish author
+has expanded or altered his original, and (3) the completion of the
+story of the wars between Arthur and Galiot.[A1]
+
+    [Footnote A1: The extracts are from the Paris edition of 1513,
+    3 vols. folio, a copy of which is in the King’s Library in the
+    British Museum. There are also two other editions in the Museum,
+    one in the Grenville Library, 3 vols. Paris, 1494, folio; the
+    other in one folio volume, Paris, 1520.]
+
+
+I. Headings of the chapters of the French Romance, from its commencement
+to the end of the wars with Galiot.
+
+[The commas are inserted by the present editor, and the expansions
+marked by italics.]
+
+  ¶ Cy commence la table du premier volume de la table ro{n}de
+  lancelot du lac.
+
+[Sidenote: Claudas, king of Scotland, deprives king Ban and king Boort
+of their lands.]
+
+  ¶ Comment apres la mort de vterpandragon roy du royaulme de
+  logres, & apres la mort aramon, roy de la petite bretaigne, le roy
+  claudas de la terre Descosse mena guerre contre le roy ban de benoic
+  et le roy boort de gauues ta{n}t quil les desherita[A2] de leurs
+  terres.  Fueillet.    i.
+
+    [Footnote A2: See ll. 1447-1449.]
+
+[Sidenote: Claudas besieges Ban in the Castle of Trible.]
+
+  ¶ Comment le roy claudas assiegea le chasteau de trible
+  auquel estoit le roy ban de benoic, et comment ilz parlementerent
+  ensemble.  f.    i.
+
+[Sidenote: King Ban, his wife, and his son Lancelot repair to the court
+of Arthur.]
+
+  ¶ Comment le roy ban de benoic, accompaigne de sa femme et
+  de son filz lancelot, auecq{ue}s vng seul escuyer, se partirent du
+  chasteau de trible pour aller querir secours deuers le roy Artus a
+  la grant bretaigne.  Fueillet    ii.
+
+[Sidenote: The Castle of Trible is treacherously given up to Claudas.]
+
+  ¶ Comment apres ce que le roy ban fut party de son chasteau
+  de trible, le seneschal a qui il auoit baille la garde trahit ledit
+  chasteau, et le liura es mains du roy claudas.  Fueillet.    ii.
+
+[Sidenote: King Ban dies of grief, and Lancelot is taken away by the
+lady of the lake.]
+
+  ¶ Comment le roy ban mourut de dueil quant il veit son
+  chasteau ardoir et brouyr. Et comment la dame du lac emporta son
+  filz lancelot.[A3]  Fueillet.    iiii.
+
+    [Footnote A3: Lines 215, 220.]
+
+  ¶ Comme{n}t la royne helaine, apres que le roy fut mort et
+  elle eut perdu son filz, se rendit nonnain en labbaye du monstier
+  royal.  Fueillet.    v.
+
+[Sidenote: The two sisters, widows of kings Ban and Boort, retreat to a
+monastery.]
+
+  ¶ Comment le roy de gauues mourut | & co{m}ment la Royne sa
+  femme, pour paour de claudas, sen partit de son chasteau pour aller
+  au monstier royal, ou sa seur estait rendue, et comment ses enfans
+  Lyonnel et Boort luy furent ostez.  Fueillet    vi.
+
+  ¶ Comment la royne de Gauues, apres que son seigneur fut
+  mort et que elle eut perdu ses deux enfans, se vint rendre au
+  monastere ou estoit sa seur la royne de benoic.  Fueillet    vi.
+
+[Sidenote: Merlin’s love for the lady of the lake.]
+
+  ¶ Comment merlin fut engendre du dyable: Et comment il fut
+  amoureux de la dame du lac.  Fueillet    vii.
+
+[Sidenote: Sir Farien secretly nourishes the two sons of king Boort, and
+is made seneschal to king Claudas.]
+
+  ¶ Comme{n}t le cheualier farien, qui auoit tollu a la royne
+  de Gauues ses deux enfans, les emporta en sa maison | et les feist
+  nourrir vne espace de temps. Et comment le roy claudas fut amoureux
+  de la femme du dict Farien | et pource le fist son seneschal.
+    Fueillet    viii.
+
+[Sidenote: Claudas accuses Sir Farien of treason.]
+
+  ¶ Comment le roy claudas fist appeller son cheualier farien
+  de trahison par ladmonnesteme{n}t de sa femme, disant quil gardoit
+  les deux enfans du roy boort de gauues.  Fueillet.    viii.
+
+[Sidenote: Claudas, in disguise, visits Arthur’s court.]
+
+  ¶ comment le roy claudas en maniere de cheualier estrange, se partit
+  du royaulme de gauues pour aller en la grant bretaigne a la court du
+  roy artus pour veoir sa puissa{n}ce & son gouuernement.
+    Fueillet    x.
+
+[Sidenote: The lady of the lake informs Lancelot that he is a king’s
+son.]
+
+  ¶ Comment la dame du lac bailla a lancelot vng maistre pour
+  linstruyre comme il appartenoit a filz de roy.  Fueillet    xii.
+
+  ¶ Comme{n}t la royne helaine alloit faire chascun io{u}r son
+  dueil au lieu ou son seigneur mourut | et de la alloit au lac ou
+  elle perdit son filz.  Fueillet    xv.
+
+  ¶ Comment le bon Religieux qui auoit dit nouuelles a la
+  royne helaine de son filz lancelot, print conge de elle, et sen vint
+  au roy artus en la grant bretaigne.  Fueillet    xvi.
+
+[Sidenote: The lady of the lake seeks to deliver the sons of king
+Boort.]
+
+  ¶ Comment la dame du lac enuoya sa damoyselle a la court du
+  roy claudas, pour delyurer les deux enfans au roy boort que claudas
+  tenoit en prison.  Fueillet    xvii.
+
+  ¶ Comment farien, seneschal du roy claudas par le
+  comma{n}dement de son seigneur, alla querir en prison les deux filz
+  au roy de Gauues.  Fueillet    xviii.
+
+[Sidenote: Lyonnel and Boort wound king Claudas, and slay his son
+Dorin.]
+
+  ¶ Comment les deux enfans au roy de gauues blecerent le roy
+  claudas, & occire{n}t dorin son filz | et comment la damoyselle du
+  lac les emmena en semblance de deux leuriers.  fueil.    xix.
+
+  ¶ De la grant ioye et du grant honneur que la dame du lac
+  fist aux deux enfans quant elle les veit en sa maison.
+    Fueillet    xx.
+
+[Sidenote: Claudas bewails his son’s death.]
+
+  ¶ Comment le roy claudas mena tres grant dueil pour la mort
+  de dorin son filz que boort auoit occis.  Fueillet    xx.
+
+  ¶ Comment farien et le peuple de la cyte de gauues
+  sesmeure{n}t contre le roy claudas a cause que il vouloit faire
+  mourir les deux filz au roy boort de gauues.  Fueillet.    xxi.
+
+[Sidenote: Farien saves Claudas’ life.]
+
+  ¶ Comment le roy claudas se partit de gauues | et comment
+  ceulx dudit lieu le vouloient occire, se neust este farien le bo{n}
+  cheualier.  f.    xxiii.
+
+  ¶ Comment le roy claudas se deffendit vaillamment contre
+  ceulx de Gauues qui le vouloyent occire.  Fueillet.    xxv.
+
+  ¶ Comment lyonnel et boort perdirent le boire et le manger
+  pource quilz ne scauoyent nouuelles de leur maistres | lesquelz
+  estoyent demourez auec le roy claudas | & comment la dame du lac
+  enuoya vne sie{n}ne damoyselle a gauues pour les amener.
+    Fueillet.    xxvii.
+
+[Sidenote: Leonce and Lambegues go to seek Lyonnel and Boort.]
+
+  ¶ Comment, par le conseil des baro{n}s de gauues: leonce &
+  lambegues sen allerent auecques la damoyselle pour veoir leurs
+  seigneurs lyonnel et boort.  Fueillet    xxviii.
+
+  ¶ Comment la dame du lac sen retourna apres ce quelle eut
+  monstre a leonce et a lambegues les enfa{n}s du roy de gauues leurs
+  seign{eu}rs, et comment lesditz cheualiers sen retournere{n}t a
+  gauues.  Fueillet    xxx.
+
+[Sidenote: Claudas meditates revenge.]
+
+  ¶ Comment le roy claudas retourna a gauues, po{u}r soy
+  venger de la honte quon luy auoit faicte, et pour la mort de son
+  filz.  Fueil.    xxxi.
+
+  ¶ Comment lappointement fut fait entre le roy claudas et les
+  barons, par le moyen de farien et lambegues son nepueu.
+    fueillet.    xxxiii.
+
+[Sidenote: Death of Farien.]
+
+  ¶ Comme{n}t farien | sa femme, et son nepueu lambegues sen
+  partirent pour aller veoir lyonnel et boort, qui estoyent au lac | &
+  comment farien mourut.  Fueillet    xxxv.
+
+[Sidenote: The widow of king Boort sees her children and Lancelot in a
+vision, and dies.]
+
+  ¶ Comment les deux roynes menerent saincte vie au monstier
+  royal | et comment celle de gauues veit ces deux enfans & lancelot
+  en aduision | et comment elle trespassa de ce siecle.
+    Fueillet.    xxxv.
+
+[Sidenote: Arthur holds a tournament, and Banin, son of king Ban, is the
+victor.]
+
+  ¶ Comment le roy artus assembla le iour de pasques tous ses
+  barons, & tint grant court a karahes, et comment banin le filleul au
+  Roy ban emporta le pris du behourdys celluy iour.
+    Fueillet.    xxxvi.
+
+[Sidenote: The lady of the lake sends Lancelot to Arthur to be knighted,
+and provides for him white armour.]
+
+  ¶ Comment la dame du lac se pourpensa de mener lancelot au
+  roy artus pour le faire cheualier,[A4] et elle luy bailla armes
+  blanches, et partit du lac a tout quarante cheualliers pour le
+  conuoyer.  Fueillet    xxxvii.
+
+    [Footnote A4: Line 223.]
+
+[Sidenote: Of the wounded knight who came to Arthur’s court.]
+
+  ¶ Comment vng cheuallier naure, lequel auoit vne espee
+  fichee en la teste et deux tronco{n}s de lance parmy le corps,[A5]
+  vint a la court du roy artus | et comment la dame du lac le mena
+  deuant le roy artus, et luy prya quil le fist cheualier.
+    Fueillet    xxxix.
+
+    [Footnote A5: Lines 237-245.]
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot is knighted.]
+
+  ¶ Comment messire yuain, a qui le roy Artus auoit
+  recomma{n}de lancelot, alla faire sa requeste audit roy artus, que
+  le lendemain il fist ledit lancelot cheualier, et comment ledit
+  lancelot defferra le cheualier naure.[A6]  Fueillet.    xli.
+
+    [Footnote A6: Lines 249-252.]
+
+[Sidenote: How the white knight defended the lady of Nohalt,]
+
+  ¶ Comment la dame de noehault[A7] enuoya deuers le roy
+  artus, luy supplier q{u}il luy enuoyast secours contre le Roy de
+  norhombellande qui luy menoit guerre. Et comment Lancelot requist au
+  roy artus quil luy donnast congie dy aller | & il luy octroya.
+    Fueillet      xlii.
+
+    [Footnote A7: Line 255.]
+
+[Sidenote: and won the battle for her.]
+
+  ¶ Co{m}ment le nouueau cheualier aux armes blanches vainquit
+  la bataille pour la dame de noehault.  Fueillet    xliii.
+
+  ¶ Comment lancelot apres ce quil se fut party de la dame de
+  noehault, se co{m}batit auec vng cheualier qui lauoit mouille.
+    Fueillet    xlv.
+
+[Sidenote: How Lancelot conquered the “Sorrowful Castle.”]
+
+  ¶ Comment lancelot conquist vaillamme{n}t par sa force et
+  proesse le chasteau de la douloureuse garde q{ue} nul aultre ne
+  pouoit conquerre.[A8]  Fueillet    xlv.
+
+    [Footnote A8: Lines 257-259.]
+
+[Sidenote: How Arthur hears of it, and sends Gawain to see if it is
+true.]
+
+  ¶ Comment les nouuelles vindrent au roy artus que la
+  douloureuse garde estoit conquise par la cheualier aux armes
+  blanches | Et le roy y enuoya messire gauuain pour en scauoir la
+  verite.  Fueillet    xlviii.
+
+[Sidenote: Gawain is imprisoned, and supposed to be dead.]
+
+  ¶ Comment messire Gauuain fut mys en prison | et comment le
+  roy et la royne entrerent en la premiere porte de la | et la veirent
+  des tu{m}bes ou il y auoit escript que monseigneur gauuain estoit
+  mort, et plusieures aultres cheualiers.  Fueillet.    xlix.
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot hears of Gawain’s imprisonment,]
+
+  ¶ Comment vne damoyselle de lhostel de la dame du lac feist
+  assauoir au cheuallier blanc que monseigneur gauuain & ses
+  compaigno{n}s estoyent emprisonnez par celluy qui auoit este
+  seigneur de la douloureuse garde.  Fueillet    l.
+
+[Sidenote: and delivers him and his companions.]
+
+  ¶ Comme{n}t le blanc cheualier se combatit encontre celluy
+  qui auoit este seigneur de la douloureuse garde, q{u}i tenoit en
+  prison messire gauuain et ses compaignons.[A9]  Fueillet.    l.
+
+    [Footnote A9: Lines 263, -4.]
+
+  ¶ Comment le cheuallier blanc emmena le cheualier conquis en
+  vng hermitaige. et comment ledit cheualier conquis luy rendit audit
+  hermitage gauuain & ses compaignons.  f.    lii.
+
+[Sidenote: Gawain returns to Arthur and his Queen at Douloureuse Garde.]
+
+  ¶ Comment messire gauuain et ses compaignons sen vindre{n}t
+  par deuers le roy artus qui estoit a la douloureuse garde. Et
+  comment le roy et la royne furent ioyeulx quant ilz les virent.
+    Fueillet.    liii.
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot hears of the war to come between Arthur and Galiot.]
+
+  ¶ Comment le cheuallier blanc retourna a labbaye ou il auoit
+  laisse ses escuyers | et comment il sceut lassemblee qui deuoit
+  estre entre le roy artus et le roy doultre les marches, & co{m}ment
+  il conquist le cheualier qui disoit mieulx aymer le cheualier qui
+  auoit naure que celluy qui lauoit este.[A10]  Fueillet.    liiii.
+
+    [Footnote A10: See ll. 244, -5.]
+
+[Sidenote: Gawain goes to seek the white knight,]
+
+  ¶ Comment messire gauuain se mist en queste pour trouuer le
+  blanc cheuallier.[A11] Et comment la meslee dentre les gens au roy
+  des cent cheualiers et les gens de la dame de noehault fut appaisee.
+    Fueillet    lv.
+
+    [Footnote A11: Line 267.]
+
+[Sidenote: who is wounded in the battle against Galiot by the
+king-of-a-hundred-knights.]
+
+  ¶ Comment le blanc cheualier vainquit lassemble dentre les
+  deux roys | et comme{n}t il fut naure du roy des cent cheualiers.
+    Fueillet.    lvi.
+
+[Sidenote: Arthur and Queen Genure return home.]
+
+  ¶ Comme{n}t apres que le cheualier qui auoit gangne le
+  tournoyement dentre le roy doultre les marches sen fut alle, le roy
+  artus & la royne genieure se partirent pour aller en leurs pays.
+    Fueillet    lvii.
+
+  ¶ Comment messire gauuain se combatit a brehain-sans-pitie,
+  et le rua par terre. et co{m}ment apres ilz sen allerent a la
+  douloureuse garde: & comment les deux pucelles que messire Gauuain
+  menoit luy furent tollues.  Fueillet.    lviii.
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot ends the adventures of the “Sorrowful Castle.”]
+
+  ¶ Comment lancelot print congie de son mire | et comment il
+  mist a fin les aduentures de la douloureuse garde.
+    Fueillet    lx.
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot is again victorious in the combat between Arthur and
+Galiot.]
+
+  ¶ Comment messire gauuain recouura les deux pucelles qui luy
+  auoyent este tollues, Et comment lancelot vainquit la seconde
+  assemblee dentre le roy artus & le roy doultre les marches.
+    Fueillet    lxi.
+
+[Sidenote: Gawain returns to Arthur’s court.]
+
+  ¶ Comment messire gauuain retourna a la court du roy artus
+  apres la seconde assemblee dentre le roy artus & le roy doultre les
+  marches, et comment lancelot vainquit le cheualier qui gardoit le
+  gue.  Fueillet    lxiii.
+
+[_Here begins the Scotch Translation._]
+
+[Sidenote: Arthur’s evil dreams.]
+
+  ¶ Comment le roy Artus songea plusieurs songes | et apres
+  manda tous les saiges clercs de son royaulme pour en scauoir la
+  signifiance.[A12]  Fueillet    lxiiii.
+
+    [Footnote A12: Lines 363-527.]
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot defies Arthur.]
+
+  ¶ Comment le roy doultre les marches, nomme gallehault,
+  enuoya deffier le roy artus[A13] | et comment Lancelot occist deux
+  geans empres kamalot.[A14]  Fueillet    lxv.
+
+    [Footnote A13: Lines 540-592.]
+    [Footnote A14: Line 280.]
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot is assailed by forty knights, and imprisoned by the
+lady of Melyhalt.]
+
+  ¶ Comment lancelot occist vng cheualier q{u}i disoit moins
+  aymer le cheualier naure que celluy qui lauoit naure.[A15] | et
+  comment il fut assailly de .xl. cheualliers, et mys en prison de la
+  dame de mallehault.[A16]  Fueillet    lxviii.
+
+    [Footnote A15: Lines 233-252.]
+    [Footnote A16: Lines 281-292.]
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot, released from prison, is again victorious against
+Galiot.]
+
+  ¶ Comment gallehault assembla au roy artus vng iour durant
+  que lancelot estoit en prison[A17] | et comment le lendemain
+  lancelot fut deliure de prison[A18] | et vainquit lassemblee dentre
+  les deux roys.[A19]  Fueillet    lxvii.
+
+    [Footnote A17: Lines 634-894.]
+    [Footnote A18: Lines 895-974.]
+    [Footnote A19: Lines 975-1138.]
+
+[Sidenote: Arthur is reproved by Amytans, and Galiot proposes a truce
+for a year.]
+
+  ¶ Comment le roy artus fut reprins de ses vices, et moult
+  bien conseille par vng cheualier qui suruint en son ost[A20] | Et
+  comment gallehault donna tresues au roy Artus iusques a vng an.[A21]
+    Fueillet    lxix.
+
+    [Footnote A20: Lines 1275-2130.]
+    [Footnote A21: Lines 1543-1584.]
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot returns to the lady of Melyhalt.]
+
+  ¶ Comment lancelot, apres ce quil eut vaincu lassemblee,
+  retourna en la prison de la dame de mallehault[A22] | et comment
+  elle le congneut, a son cheual et par les playes quil auoit, que
+  cestoit celluy q{u}i auoit vaincu lassemblee.[A23]
+    Fueillet    lxxii.
+
+    [Footnote A22: Lines 1139-1152.]
+    [Footnote A23: Lines 1181-1274.]
+
+[Sidenote: Gawain, with 39 comrades, departs to seek the red knight.]
+
+  ¶ Comment messire gauuain, soy quarantiesme de compaignons,
+  se mist en queste pour trouuer le cheuallier qui auoit porte lescu
+  vermeil a lassemblee dentre le roy artus et Gallehault.[A24]
+    Fueillet    lxxii.
+
+    [Footnote A24: Lines 2161-2256.]
+
+[Sidenote: The lady of Melyhalt accepts Lancelot’s ransom.]
+
+  ¶ Comment la dame de mallehault mist a rancon le cheuallier
+  quelle tenoit en prison, et le laissa aller quant elle veit quelle
+  ne peult scauoir son nom.[A25] fu.  lxxiii.
+
+    [Footnote A25: Lines 2347-2442.]
+
+[Sidenote: The truce ended, Galiot again attacks Arthur.]
+
+  ¶ Co{m}ment messire gauuain et ses compaignons retournerent
+  de leur queste[A26] | et comme{n}t apres les treues faillies
+  galehault vint assembler co{n}tre le roy artus, & tous ses gens en
+  fure{n}t moult troublez.[A27]  fu.      lxxiiii.
+
+    [Footnote A26: Lines 2504-2530.]
+    [Footnote A27: Lines 2531-3268.]
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot gains over the black knight.]
+
+  ¶ Comment gallehault suyuit le cheuallier aux noires
+  armes,[A28] & fist tant par belles parolles quil lemmena en son ost,
+  dont le roy artus et tous ses gens en furent moult troublez.
+    Fueillet    lxxviii.
+
+    [Footnote A28: Lines 3343-3487.]
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot induces Galiot to submit to Arthur.]
+
+  ¶ Co{m}ment lancelot par sa prouesse conquist tout, et fist
+  tant que gallehault crya mercy au roy artus.  fu.    lxxix.
+
+[Sidenote: The Queen and Lancelot meet.]
+
+  ¶ Co{m}ment gallehault fist tant que la royne vit lancelot |
+  & co{m}ment ilz se arraisonnerent ensemble.  fu.    lxxxi.
+
+[Sidenote: The Queen knows Lancelot from his adventures that he tells
+her.]
+
+  ¶ Co{m}ment la royne co{n}gneut lancelot apres ce q{u}il eut
+  longuement parle a elle, & quil luy eut co{m}pte de ses aduentures.
+  & co{m}ment la premiere acointance fut faicte entre la royne &
+  la{n}celot p{ar} le moyen de galehault.  fu.    lxxxii.
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot becomes acquainted with the lady of Melyhalt.]
+
+  ¶ Co{m}ment la premiere acointance fut faicte de galehault &
+  de la dame de malehault par le moyen de la royne de logres, &
+  co{m}me[nt] lancelot & galehault sen alloyent esbatre & deuiser
+  auecques leurs dames.  fu.    lxxxiiii.
+
+
+II. The Chapter of the French romance from which the translator has
+taken the beginning of his First Book is here given, in order to shew in
+what manner he has treated his original. It begins at Fol. lxiii. _a_,
+col. 1.
+
+[Sidenote: Arthur’s evil dreams.]
+
+  Comment le roy artus so{n}gea plusieurs songes, et apres manda tous
+  les sages clercz de son royaulme pour en scauoir la signifiance.
+
+[Sidenote: King Arthur being at Cardueil, his knights are annoyed at
+meeting with no adventures.]
+
+  ++OR dit le compte que le roy artus auoit longueme{n}t seiourne a
+  cardueil. Et pource ny auenoit mie gra{nde}ment de aduentures, il
+  ennuya mo{u}lt aux compaignons du Roy de ce q{u}ilz auoient si
+  longuement seiourne, & ne veoient riens de ce quilz souloyent veoir.
+  Principallement keu le seneschal en fut trop ennuye Et en parloit
+  moult souuent, et disoyt deua{n}t le roy que trop estoit ce seio{ur}
+  ennuyeulx, & trop auoit dure.
+
+[Sidenote: Sir Kay counsels that they should go to Camelot.]
+
+  Le roy luy demande “Keu | q{ue} vouldriez vous que no{us} feissons?”
+  “Certes,” fait keu, “ie conseilleroye que nous allissions a kamalot
+  | car la cite est plus aduantureuse q{ue} vous ayez | et la nous
+  verrions souuent et orrions choses de merueilles que nous ne voyons
+  pas icy. Nous auons seiourne ia icy plus de deux moys, et oncques ne
+  y veismes gueres de choses aduenir.”
+
+[Sidenote: The king consents to go;]
+
+  “Or alons donc,” fait le roy, “a Kamalot, puis que vous le
+  co{n}seillez.”
+
+[Sidenote: but the same night dreams that all his hair falls off, which
+delays him.]
+
+  Lendemain deust partir le roy | mais la nuyct luy aduint vne
+  merueilleuse aduenture. Il songa q{ue} tous les cheueulx de sa teste
+  cheoie{n}t, et to{us} les poilz de sa barbe, dont il fut moult
+  espouente. Et p{ar} ce demoura encores en la ville.
+
+[Sidenote: The third night after he dreams that all his fingers fall off
+except his thumbs.]
+
+  La tierce nuyt apres il songa q{ue} il luy estoit aduis q{ue} tous
+  les dois luy cheoie{n}t fors les poulces, & lors fut pl{us} esbahy
+  que deuant.
+
+
+[Sidenote: Again, that all his toes fall off except his great toes.]
+
+  ++A Lautre nuyct songea il q{ue} to{us} les ortelz des piedz luy
+  cheoient fors les poulces. de ce fut si trouble que plus ne peult.
+
+[Sidenote: The Queen and his chaplain disregard the dreams;]
+
+  “Sire,” fait son chappelain a q{u}i il lauoit dit, “ne vous chaille
+  | car songes ne so{n}t pas a croire;” le roy le dit a la royne, et
+  elle respo{n}d tout ainsi q{ue} luy auoit fait so{n} chappelain.
+
+[Sidenote: but Arthur sends for his bishops, archbishops, and their
+wisest clerks;]
+
+  “En verite,” dist il, “ie ne laisseray pas la chose ainsi” | il fait
+  mander ses euesques et archeuesques q{u}ilz soie{n}t a luy au .ix
+  iour ensuyuant a kamalot, & q{u}ilz amainent auec eulx tous les plus
+  sages clercz quils po{u}rroient auoir et trouuer.
+
+[Sidenote: whom he imprisons till they shall tell him what the dreams
+mean.]
+
+  A tant se part de cardueil & sen va par les chasteaulx et par les
+  citez | tant q{ue} au neufniesme iour est venu a kamalot, et aussi
+  sont venus les clercz du pays. Il leur demande co{n}seil de son
+  songe, _et_ ilz elise{n}t dix des plus sages: le roy les fist bien
+  enserrer, et dist que iamais nen sortiroient de priso{n} deuant
+  quilz luy auroient dit la signifiance de son songe.
+
+[Sidenote: After trying for nine days, they fail.]
+
+  Ilz esprouuerent la force de le{u}r scie{n}ce par neuf iours, et
+  puis vindre{n}t au roy, & dirent quilz nauoient riens trouue.
+  “Ai{n}si maist dieu,” dit le roy, “ia ainsi neschapperez.”
+
+[Sidenote: They twice obtain a delay of three days.]
+
+  Et ils demande{n}t respit iusques au troisiesme iour ensuyuant, et
+  il leur donne. Les .iii iours passez, ilz reuiennent deuant le roy,
+  et dient que ilz ne peuent riens trouuer | et dema{n}dent encores
+  autre delay | et ilz ont. Et de rechief vindrent pour demander
+  aultres troys iours de dilacion, ainsi que le roy auoit so{n}ge de
+  tierce nuyt en tierce nuyt. “Or sachez,” fait le roy, “q{ue} iamais
+  plus nen aurez.”
+
+[Sidenote: The king threatens to slay them.]
+
+  Quant vint au tiers iour ilz dirent quilz nauoient rien trouue; “ce
+  ne vault rien,” fait le roy, “ie vous feray tous destruire se vous
+  ne me dictes la verite;” et ils dirent. “Sire nous ne vous en
+  scairions que dire.” Lors se pense le roy quil leur fera paour de
+  mort.
+
+[Sidenote: Five are to be burnt, and five hung.]
+
+  Il fait fair vng grant feu, & commanda en le{u}rs presences que les
+  .v. y fusse{n}t mis, et que les autres cinq soyent penduz | mais
+  priueeme{n}t deffent a ses baillifz quilz ne les menassent que
+  iusques a la paour de mourir.
+
+[Sidenote: The five who are to be hung, having the cords round their
+necks, offer to speak out.]
+
+  Quant les ci{n}q qui furent menez aux fourches euerent les cordes
+  entour leurs colz, ils eurent paour de mourir, et dirent, que se les
+  aultres cinq le vouloyent dire, ilz le diroyent. La nouuelle vint au
+  .v. que len menoit ardre | et ilz dire{n}t que, se les autres le
+  vouloyent dire, ils le diroyent | ils furent amenez ensemble
+  deua{n}t le roy, et les plus sages dirent
+
+[Sidenote: They stipulate not to be held as liars if their
+interpretations fail.]
+
+  | “sire, nous vous dirons ce q{ue} no{us} auons trouue | mais nous
+  ne vouldrions mie que vous nous tenissiez a menteurs se il ne
+  aduenoit | car nous vouldrions bien quil nen fust rien, et voulons,
+  comment quil en aduiengne, que vous nous asseurez q{ue} ia mal ne
+  no{us} en aduiendra;” et il leur promet.
+
+[Sidenote: The dreams mean that he will lose his land and his honour.]
+
+  Lors dist lung de eulx qui pour tous parla. “Sire, sachez que ceste
+  terre et tout honneur vo{us} conuie{n}dra perdre et ceulx en qui
+  plus vous fiez vous fauldront; telle est la substa{n}ce et
+  signifiance de voz songes.”
+
+[Sidenote: Arthur asks if anything can avert such fate.]
+
+  De ceste chose fut le roy moult effraye, “Or me dictes,” fait il,
+  “sil est chose qui me{n} peult garantir.” “Certes,” fait le maistre,
+  “nous auons veu une chose | Mais cest si grande merueille que on ne
+  le pourroyt penser, et ne la vo{us} oso{n}s dire.” “Dictes,” fait
+  il, “seurement | car pis ne me pouez vous dire que vous mauez dit.”
+
+[Sidenote: He is told, “nothing, except the savage lion and the leech
+without medicine, by help of the counsel of the flower.”]
+
+  “Sire, riens ne vous peult garder de perdre tout honneur terrien
+  fors le lyon sauluaige, et le mire sans medecine, par le co{n}seil
+  de la fleur, & se no{us} semble estre si grande folie que nous ne
+  losions dire | Car lyon sauluaige ne y peult estre, ne mire sans
+  medecine | ne fleur qui parlast |” le roy est moult entreprins de
+  ceste chose: mais plus en fait belle chiere que le cueur ne luy
+  apporte.
+
+[Sidenote: Arthur goes to the chase.]
+
+  Ung iour alla le roy chasser au boys bien matin | et mena auec luy
+  messire gauuain, keu le seneschal, et ceulx qui lui pleust. Si
+  laisse icy le compte a parler de luy, et retourne a p{ar}ler du
+  cheualier dont messire Gauuain aporta le nom en court.
+
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot on his wanderings.]
+
+  ++QVant[A29] le cheuallier qui lasse{m}blee auoyt vaincu se partast
+  de la ou il se combatist a son hoste, il erra toute io{u}r sa{n}s
+  autre aduanture trouuer. Il se logea la nuyt chiez une veufue dame a
+  lyssue dune forest a cinq lieues angleches pres de kamelot.
+
+[Sidenote: He meets an esquire, and asks him, “what news?”]
+
+  Le cheualier se leua matin, et erra, luy et ses escuyers et sa
+  damoyselle, tant q{u}il encontra vng escuyer. “Varlet,” fait il,
+  “scez tu nulles nouuelles?”
+
+[Sidenote: “The queen,” he says, “is at Camelot.”]
+
+  “Ouy,” fait il, “ma dame la royne est icy pres a kamalot.” “quelle
+  royne” fait il “Le fe{m}me au roy artus,” fait lescuyer.
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot goes on till he sees a large house, a lady, and her
+damsel.]
+
+  Le cheuallier sen part, et cheuauche tant quil treuue vne maison
+  forte, et voit vne dame en son surcot, qui regardoit les prez et la
+  forest | & auoit auec elle vne damoiselle.
+
+[Sidenote: He regards her fixedly.]
+
+  Le cheuallier se arreste, et regarde la dame moult longuement tant
+  quil oublie tout autre chose. Et maintenant passa vng cheuallier
+  arme de toutes armes, qui luy dist.
+
+[Sidenote: An armed knight, passing, asks him what he is regarding so
+closely.]
+
+  “Sire cheualier, que attendez vous?” et celluy ne respo{n}d mot |
+  car il ne la pas ouy. Et le cheualier le boutte, et luy demande quil
+  regarde.
+
+[Sidenote: He replies, that he looks at what pleases him.]
+
+  “Je regarde,” fait il, “ce q{ue} me plaist: Et vous nestes mie
+  courtois, qui de mo{n} penser me auez iecte.”
+
+[Sidenote: The knight asks if he knows who the lady is, and he replies
+that he knows it is the queen.]
+
+  “Par la foy que vous deuez o dieu,” fait le cheuallier estrange,
+  “scauez vous bien qui la dame est que vous regardez?” “Je le cuyde
+  bien scauoir,” fait le bon cheualier. “Et q{u}i este elle,” fait
+  lautre. “Cest ma dame la royne.” “Si maist dieu, estrangement la
+  congnoissez, deables vous font bien regarder dames.” “Pourquoy,”
+  faict il. “Pource que vous ne me oseriez suyuir par deuant la Royne
+  la ou ie yroye.” “Certes,” faict le bon cheuallier, “se vous osiez
+  aller la ou ie vous oseray suyuir, vous aurez passez de couraige
+  tous les plus gra{n}s oseurs qui oncques furent.” A tant sen part le
+  cheualier. Et le bon cheualier va apres.
+
+[Sidenote: The stranger takes Lancelot home to lodge with him, and he is
+well entertained.]
+
+  Et quant ilz ont vne piece alle, lautre luy dist, “vous
+  he[r]bergerez ennuyt auec moy, et le matin ie vous meneray la ou ie
+  vous diz;” et le bon cheuallier luy demande sil conuient ainsi
+  faire. “Oy” | fait il. Et il dist que donc lottroyera il.
+  Il geut la nuyt chez le cheualier sur la riuiere de kamalot, et fut
+  moult bien herberge, et sa pucelle | et ses escuyers.
+
+    [Footnote A29: There is no trace of the rest of this chapter in
+    the Scottish poem.]
+
+
+  III. Our last extract will shew exactly where the Scottish poem
+  suddenly ceases, and how the story was probably continued. For the
+  latter purpose, four chapters of the French Romance are added beyond
+  the point where the Scotch ends; and it is possible (judging from
+  lines 306-312 of the Prologue) that the author did not intend to go
+  very much further. The passage begins, in the French copy, at Fol.
+  lxxvii. _b_, col. 1; and, in the Scotch poem, at l. 3427.
+
+  Lors descent de son cheual, et la baille au cheualier.
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot gives Lancelot his own horse, and gives orders to his
+own men.]
+
+  Et celluy si y monte sans arrest. Et gallehault monta sur vng autre,
+  et vient a son conroy | Si prent auec soy les dix mille, et dit
+  quilz voisent assembler deuant; “et vous,” fait il au roy vend,
+  “viendres apres, si ne assemblerez mie si tost comme ceulx cy seront
+  assemblez | mais quant les derrains de ceulx de dela seront venus,
+  vous assemblerez, & moy mesmes vous iray querir.”
+
+[Sidenote: He commands the trumpets to be sounded.]
+
+  A tant amaine les dix mille pour assembler,[A30] Et qua{n}t il fut
+  entre en la bataille il fist sonner ses busines tant q{ue} tout en
+  retentissoit.[A31] Quant le noir cheuallier les ouyt venir, si luy
+  sembla que gra{n}t effort de gens eut la, si se retrait vng pou vers
+  les siens, et les appella entour luy, & leur dist.
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot harangues his men.]
+
+  “Seigne{u}rs, vous estes tous amys du roy. Or y perra co{m}me{n}t
+  vo{us} le ferez.”[A32]
+
+[Sidenote: Sir Yvain comforts Arthur’s soldiers.]
+
+  Et messire yuain, qui les vit venir, dist a ses gens, “Or soyes tous
+  asseurs q{ue} no{us} ne perdro{n}s au iourdhuy p{ar} force de
+  gens.”[A33] Et ce disoit il pource quil cuidoit q{ue} les gens
+  gallehault fussent tous venus.[A34]
+
+    [Footnote A30: Line 3432.]
+    [Footnote A31: Lines 3435-3440.]
+    [Footnote A32: Lines 3441-3476.]
+    [Footnote A33: Lines 3477-3480.]
+    [Footnote A34: Lines 3481-3484.]
+
+
+  ++QVant les .x.m. de gallehault sassemblerent, si fut gra{n}de la
+  noise, et moult en abbatent a le{u}r venir | mais qua{n}t messire
+  yuain vint, si reco{n}forta mo{u}lt les gens du roy artus | et
+  to{us} les fuyans retourne{n}t auec luy.
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot orders charge.]
+
+  Et gallehault sen va arriere a son conroy, et commande q{ui}lz
+  cheuauchent fermement | et quilz se frappent es gens du roy
+  artus[A35] de telle maniere[A36] que nul dentreulz ne demeure a
+  cheual “Vous estes to{us} frays. Or y perra comment vous le ferez.”
+  A tant cheuauchent les conroys deuers le{u}rs ge{n}s, Car ilz
+  auoyent ia du pire.
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot’s reserve arriving, his men awhile prevail.]
+
+  Et quant le conroy de Gallehault fut venu, si changa moult laffaire
+  | Car moult y auoyt grant effort de gens. Et fut a le{ur} venue le
+  cheualier noir mis a terre.[A37] Et aussi les six compaigno{n}s qui
+  toute iour auoyent este pres de luy.[A38]
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot again remounts Lancelot.]
+
+  Lors vint gallehault, qui le remonta sur le cheual mesmes ou so{n}
+  corps seoit.[A39] Et si tost comme il fut mo{n}te, il sen reuint a
+  la meslee aussi frays comme il auoit le io{u}r este. Et qua{n}t il
+  vint aux coups donner, tous ceulx qui le veoyent sen
+  esmerueilloyent, Ainsi dura la bataille iusques a la nuyt.
+
+[Sidenote: Night arriving, the hosts retreat.]
+
+  Et quant il vint au soir ilz se departirent | et toutesfoys les gens
+  du roy Artus en eurent du meilleur.
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot tries to depart unobserved, but is followed by
+Galiot, who prays him to lodge with him for that night.]
+
+  Le bon cheualier se departit de lost le plus coyement quil
+  peut,[A40] et sen alla par vng chemin entre les prestz et vng
+  tertre, et cuyda que nul ne le veist | mais Gallehault sen print
+  tres bien garde, et picqua tant son cheual qui luy fut au deuant par
+  vne adresse, et le vint rencontrer au pied du tertre. Si le salue,
+  et dit ‘que dieu le co{n}duit.’ Et celuy le regarde en trauers, et
+  luy a a moult grant peine re{n}du son salut. “Bel amy,” fait
+  galehault, “qui estes vous?” “Sire,” fait il, “ie suis vng
+  cheualier, ce pouez vo{us} veoir.” “Certes,” fait galehault,
+  “cheualier estes vous meilleur qui soit | & vous estes lhomme du
+  monde que plus ie vouldroye honnourer,[A41] et si vous suis venu
+  prier que vous herbergez ceste nuyt auec moy.” Et il luy dist ainsi
+  co{m}me sil ne lauoit huy veu, “Qui estes vous, sire, q{u}i me auez
+  prie de me he[r]berger?” “Je suis gallehault, le sire de ces gens
+  icy, vers qui vous auez au iourdhuy gara{n}ty le royaulme de logres,
+  leq{ue}l ie eusse ia conquis se ne fust vostre corps.” “Comme{n}t”
+  (fait il) “vous estes ennemy de monseigneur le roy artus, et me
+  priez de herberger? |
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot at first refuses, till Galiot agrees to do whatever
+Lancelot may require of him, and promises to entertain him sumptuously;]
+
+  Auec vo{us} ne herbergeray ie mie en ce point.” “Haa sire,” faict
+  gallehault, “plus feray ie pour vous, et si nay mye a commencer. Et
+  ie vous prie que vous y herbergiez par tel conuena{n}t que ie feray
+  tout ce que me scaurez requerre.” A tant se arresta le cheuallier,
+  et dist a gallehault; “Sire, vo{us} promettez assez | mais ie ne
+  scay co{m}ment il est du re{n}dre” | et gallehault luy dist.
+  “Sire, se vous he[r]bergez ennuyt auec moy, ie vous donneray tout ce
+  que vous oserez diuiser de bouche, et bien vo{us} en feray seur,”
+
+[Sidenote: whereupon they return together to Galiot’s camp.]
+
+  Et lors luy fiance, & apres luy promet bailler bons plaiges; Ado{n}c
+  sen vo{n}t tous deux en lost.
+
+    [Footnote A35: Lines 3485, 6.]
+    [Footnote A36: Line 3487 _and last_.]
+    [Footnote A37: Compare lines 3365-3368.]
+    [Footnote A38: Lines 3369, 70.]
+    [Footnote A39: Compare lines 3391-3426.]
+    [Footnote A40: Compare line 1140.]
+    [Footnote A41: Compare lines 2845-8.]
+
+
+  ¶ Comment gallehault suyuit le cheuallier aux noires armes,
+  et fist tant par belles parolles q{u}il le{m}mena en son ost, do{n}c
+  le roy artus & tous ses gens en furent moult troublez.
+
+[Sidenote: Gawain, seeing Lancelot with Galiot, tells the Queen that now
+they are all lost;]
+
+  ++MEssire gauuain auoyt veu aller le cheuallier au noir escu, & le
+  eust voulentiers suiuy sil eust peu mo{n}ter a cheual. Lors regarde
+  contre val la riuiere, et voit gallehault et le cheuallier noir qui
+  retournoyent pour venir a lost, et dist a la royne, “Haa dame, or
+  pouons nous bien dire que nous sommes gens perdus | regardez que
+  gallehault a conquis par scauoir,” Et elle regarde, & voyt q{ue}
+  cest le cheuallier noir q{ue} gallehault emmaine; si en est tant
+  iree quelle ne peut dire mot.
+
+[Sidenote: and swoons away more than three times.]
+
+  Et messire gauuai{n} se pasme en pou dheure pl{us} de trois fois. Le
+  roi artus vint leans | et ouyt le cry q{ue} chascun disoit, “il est
+  mort, il est mort.” Si vint a luy, et lembrassa, et commenca a
+  plorer mo{u}lt tendrement. Et reuient monseigneur Gauuain de
+  pasmoison;
+
+[Sidenote: He tells Arthur that his time of misfortune is come;]
+
+  Et quant il veit le roy artus, il commence a le blasmer, et dit.
+  “Ores est venu le terme que les clercz vous disrent.
+
+[Sidenote: for their protector is lost.]
+
+  Regardez le tresor que vous auez huy perdu. celluy vous toldra terre
+  qui toute iour la vous a garantie par son corps, et se vo{us}
+  fussiez preudhomme vous leussiez retenu, ainsi comme a fait le plus
+  preudhomme qui viue, qui par cy deuant lemmaine.”
+
+[Sidenote: Arthur also sees Galiot, and is deeply grieved, but tries to
+comfort his nephew.]
+
+  Lors voit le roy gallehault, qui emmenoit le cheuallier, dont il a
+  tel dueil que a pou quil ne est cheut | mais de plorer ne se peut
+  tenir, et toutesfois faict il la plus belle chere q{u}il peut pour
+  son nepueu reconforter. Et si tost q{ue} il vit en la salle, il fist
+  gra{n}t dueil | aussi fist chascun preudhomme.
+
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot and Lancelot arrive at Galiot’s camp, and Lancelot
+asks to speak with the two men whom Galiot most trusts.]
+
+  ++TAnt sont allez gallehault et le cheualier quilz sont venus empres
+  lost, Adonc luy dist le cheualier, “Sire, ains que ie entre dedans
+  vostre ost, faictes moi p{ar}ler aux deux pl{us} preudhommes que
+  vous ayez et esquelz vous fiez le plus.” Et gallehault lottroye.
+  Lors sen va en son tref, et prent deux des hommes du mo{n}de ou plus
+  il se fie, et leur dist, “Venez auec moy et vous verrez le plus
+  riche homme du monde.” “Comme{n}t,” font ilz, “nestes vous mie le
+  plus riche qui soit au monde?”
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot takes him to the “first-conquest” king and the king of
+a hundred knights, and Lancelot repeats to them his compact with Galiot,
+and takes their pledge that they will forsake Galiot if he breaks his
+agreement, and will go with himself (Lancelot).]
+
+  “Nenny,” dist il | “mais ie le seray ains que ie dorme.” Ces deux
+  estoyent le roy premier conquis | et le roi des cent cheualliers.
+  Qua{n}t ilz virent le cheuallier, si lui firent moult grant ioye |
+  Car ilz le congneurent bien par ses armes. Et le cheuallier leur
+  demanda qui ilz estoient | et ilz se nommerent sicomme vous auez ouy
+  | et il leur dist. “Seigneurs, vostre sire vous faict moult grant
+  honneur | Car il dit que vous estes les deux hommes du monde que
+  plus il ayme, et entre luy et moy a vne conuenance que ie vueil que
+  vous oyez | Car il ma fiance que pour en nuyt herberger auec luy me
+  donnera ce que ie luy vouldray demander.” Et gallehault dist | “vous
+  dictes verite.” “Sire,” faict le cheuallier, “ie vueil encores auoir
+  la seurte de ses hommes.” Et gallehault dist, “Dictes moy
+  co{m}me{n}t.” “Ilz me fianceront,” fait le cheuallier, “q{ue} se
+  vous me faillez de co{n}uenant, ilz vous guerpiront et sen viendront
+  auec moy la ou ie diray,” Et gallehault dit que ainsi le veult | et
+  il le fait fia{n}cer. Lors appella gallehault le roy premier
+  co{n}quis a vne part, et luy dist. “Allez auant & dictes a mes
+  barons quilz assemblent maintenant a monstre si honnorablement comme
+  ilz pourront, et gardez que en mon tref soient to{us} les deduys que
+  le{n} pourra trouuer en tout lost.”
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot orders all kinds of entertainments to be brought to
+his tent.]
+
+  Lors sen va celluy au ferir des esperons, & fist le commandement de
+  son seigneur. Et gallehault tient le cheualier aux parolles, luy &
+  son seneschal, tant que le commandeme{n}t fust fait.
+
+[Sidenote: Twenty-eight kings, beside dukes and counts, come to the
+feast, and honour Lancelot as the flower of the knighthood of the
+world.]
+
+  Si ne demoura gueres que encontre eulx vindrent deux cens barons qui
+  tous estoient ho{m}mes de gallehault, .xxviii. roys, et les autres
+  estoient ducz et contes; la fut le cheuallier telleme{n}t honnoure
+  que oncques si grant feste ne fut pour vng homme mescongneu comme
+  le{n} fit pour luy a celle fois | et disoie{n}t grans & petis, “Bien
+  viengnez, la fleur de la cheualerie du monde” | et il en auoit grant
+  honte. Ainsi vindrent iusques au tref de gallehault, si ne
+  po{u}rroient estre comtez les deduys et les instrumens qui leans
+  estoient.
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot is richly attired, and nobly served.]
+
+  A telle ioye fut receu, et qua{n}t il fut desarme, gallehault luy
+  fit apporter vne robe mo{u}lt riche, et il la vestit. quant le
+  ma{n}ger fut prest, ilz se assirent a table, et furent noblement
+  seruis, et le cheualier fut mo{u}lt honnoure.
+
+
+[Sidenote: After supper four beds are prepared, one larger than the
+rest, for Lancelot.]
+
+  ++APres manger co{m}manda gallehault a faire quatre litz desquelz
+  lung estoit plus grant que les aultres. Quant les litz furent si
+  richeme{n}t atournez, gallehault maine le cheuallier coucher. Et
+  dist. “Sire, vous gerrez icy;” “Et qui gerra de la?” fait le
+  cheualier. “Quattre sergens,” faict gallehault, “qui vous seruiront
+  | Et ie iray en vne chambre par dela, affin que vous soyez icy plus
+  en paix.” “Haa, Sire, pour dieu,” faict il, “ne me faictes gesir
+  plus ayse que ces aultres cheualiers | car tant ne me deuez a
+  vilennir.” “Nayez garde,” faict galehault, “Car ia pour chose que
+  vous faciez pour moi vo{us} ne serez tenu a villain.”
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot awhile departs, and Lancelot falls asleep.]
+
+  A ta{n}t sen part gallehault. Et le cheuallier commence a penser au
+  grant honneur que gallehault luy faisoit. Si lenprise moult | puis
+  se coucha, et tantost il sendormit | car moult estoit las;
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot then returns, and lies near Lancelot, and hears how
+his guest murmurs in his sleep.]
+
+  Et qua{n}t gallehault sceut quil fut endormy, le plus coyement quil
+  peut se coucha en vng autre lit empres luy | et es deux aultres litz
+  se coucherent deux cheualiers, et nestoyent en la chambre que eulx
+  quatre, sans plus. La nuyt se plaint moult le cheualier en son
+  dormant, et gallehault loit bien, car il ne dormoit gueres. Ains
+  pensa toute la nuyt a le retenir.
+
+[Sidenote: Next day they go to hear mass, and Lancelot then demands his
+arms, wishing to depart.]
+
+  Lendemain le cheualier se leua et alla ouyr messe; et ia estoit
+  gallehault leue | car il ne voulut mie que le cheualier laperceust.
+  Quant ilz vindrent du monstier, le cheualier demanda ses armes, &
+  gallehault dema{n}de pourquoy. Et il dist quil sen vouloit aller. Et
+  gallehault luy dist. “Beau doulx amy, demourez | et ne cuydez mye
+  que ie vous vueille deceuoir. Car vous noserez ia riens dema{n}der
+  que vous nayez. Et sachez q{ue} vous pourriez bien auoir compagnie
+  de plus riche homme que ie suis | mais vous ne laurez iamais a homme
+  qui plus vous ayme.” “Sire,” faict le cheuallier, “ie demoureray
+  donc puis quil vous plaist.
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot induces him to stay, but again promises to do for him
+whatever he asks.]
+
+  Car meilleure compaignie que la vostre ne pourroye ie mye auoir |
+  Mais ie vous diray presenteme{n}t le don pourquoy ie demoureray auec
+  vous | et se ie ne lay, ie ny demoureray ia.” “Sire,” fait
+  gallehault, “dictes seurement et vous laurez, se cest chose que ie
+  puisse acomplir;”
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot then demands that Galiot shall submit himself to
+Arthur.]
+
+  Et le cheuallier appella ses deux plaiges et dist deuant eulx, “Je
+  vous demande,” fait il, “q{ue} si tost que vous serez au dessus du
+  roy artus, que vous luy alliez crier mercy si tost comme ie vous en
+  semondray.” Quant gallehault lentent, si en est tout esbahy, et
+  co{m}mence a penser. Et les deux roys luy dirent. “A quoy pensez
+  vous icy endroit, de penser nauez mestier | car vous auez tant couru
+  que vous ne pouez retourner.”
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot is confounded, and ponders, but then grants Lancelot’s
+request.]
+
+  “Comment,” faict Gallehault, “cuydez vous que ie me vueille repentir
+  | se tout le mo{n}de estoit mien si luy oseroye ie bien do{n}ner.
+  mais ie pensoye a vng seul mot quil a dit | mais ia dieu ne maist,”
+  dist il, “se vous nauez le don | car ie ne pourroye riens faire
+  po{u}r vous ou ie peusse auoir honte. Mais ie vous prye que ne me
+  tollez vostre compagnie pour la donner a aultruy;” et le cheualier
+  luy creanca. Ainsi demoura | et ilz se asseirent au manger qui
+  estoit appreste. Si font moult grant ioye par tout lost du cheualier
+  qui est demoure.
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot remains with him another night.]
+
+  Ainsi passerent celle nuyt. Lendemain gallehault et son compaignon
+  allerent ouyr messe, et gallehault luy deist | “Sire, il est huy
+  iour dassembler; voullez vous armes porter?” “Ouy,” dist il. “donc
+  porterez vous les miennes,” fait gallehault, “pour le commencement.”
+  Et il dist quil les porteroit voulentiers | “mais vous ne porterez
+  armes,” feist il a gallehault, “si non comme mon sergent?” “Non,”
+  dist il. Lors firent apporter les armes, & armerent le cheuallier du
+  fort haulbert, & des chausses qui trop estoyent longues & lees;
+
+[Sidenote: Next day, the hosts are again armed for battle.]
+
+  Lors se armerent les gens de gallehault. et pareillement les gens du
+  roy Artus, & passerent les lices de telz y eut. Touteffoys le roy
+  auoyt deffendu que nul ne les passast. Si y eut de bonnes ioustes en
+  pou dheure | si se assemblerent tous les ostz deuant la lice, &
+  commencerent a faire armes. Le roy artus estoit a son estandart, et
+  auoit commande que ilz menassent la royne a sauluete se la
+  descomfiture tournoit sur eulx | quant tous les ostz furent
+  assemblez et le bon cheualier fust arme, si cuida chascu{n} que ce
+  fust gallehault, & disoyent tous.
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot is at first mistaken for Galiot; but is recognized
+by Gawain.]
+
+  “Voicy gallehault, voicy gallehault” | messire gauuain le
+  co{n}gneust bien & dist. “Ce nest mye gallehault | ains est le
+  cheualier aux armes noires, le meilleur cheualier du mo{n}de” |
+
+[Sidenote: Arthur’s men cannot stand against Lancelot.]
+
+  & si tost comme ilz furent assemblez, oncques ne se tint le roy
+  Artus ne ses ge{n}s depuis que le cheualier y fut arriue | et trop
+  se desco{n}fortoyent du bon cheualier q{u}i contre eulx estoit, si
+  fure{n}t menez iusques a la lice. car trop estoient grans gens auec
+  gallehault. au partir des lices ce tindrent vne piece et souffrirent
+  lo{n}gueme{n}t | mais le souffrit ny peut riens valoir. Grant fut le
+  meschief des gens au roy artus. et dit le compte q{ue} le cheualier
+  neust mie moins de peine de tenir les gens de gallehault que ilz ne
+  passassent oultre la lice quil auoit de chasser les gens au roy
+  Artus. Et nompourtant moult les auoit supportez | & il les eut mis
+  oultre a force sil eust voulu | mais il demoura emmy le pas pour les
+  aultres detenir.
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot calls upon Galiot to keep his compact.]
+
+  Lors regarda tout entour de luy, et commenca a hucher | “gallehault,
+  gallehault.” et gallehault vient gra{n}t alleure, et dist. “bel amy,
+  que voulez vous?” “quoy,” faict il, “ie vueil que mon conuenant me
+  tenez;” “Par ma foy,” fait gallehault, “ie suis tout prest de
+  lacomplir puis quil vous plaist.”
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot rides forward, and finds Arthur ready to kill himself
+for grief, the Queen being escorted away by a guard of forty knights,
+and Gawain wishing to die.]
+
+  Lors picque le cheual des esperons & vient iusques a lestandart ou
+  le roy artus estoit, q{u}i faisoit si tresgrant dueil que a peu quil
+  ne se occioit pource quil estoit desconfit. Si estoit ia la royne
+  mo{n}tee, et lemmenoyent quarante cheualliers. Et monseigneur
+  gauuain, que on vouloit emporter en lictiere | mais il dit q{u}il
+  aymeroit mieulx mourir en ce point que veoir toute cheualerie morte
+  et honnye: si se pasma tellement que len cuydoit bien que il mourust
+  incontinent.
+
+
+[Sidenote: How Lancelot makes Galiot cry mercy to Arthur.]
+
+  ¶ Comment lancelot par la prouesse conquis tout, et fist
+  tant que galehault cria mercy au roy artus.
+
+  ++QVant le cheualier veit gallehault prest dacomplir son
+  co{n}uenant, il iura bien que oncques si loyal compaignon ne fut
+  trouue. Il en a telle pytie quil en souspire moult fort, & dit entre
+  ses dens.
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot demands to see King Arthur, and, at sight of him,
+dismounts, kneels to him, and submits himself to him humbly.]
+
+  “Haa dieu, q{u}i pourra ce desseruir?” & gallehault cheuauche
+  iusq{ue}s a lestandart et demande le roy artus. Il vient auant
+  mo{u}lt dolent & esmaye comme celluy q{u}i tout honneur et toute
+  ioye terrienne cuyde auoir perdue; Et quant gallehault le voit, si
+  luy dit. “sire, roy artus, venez auant, & nayez paour | car ie vueil
+  a vous parler.” et qua{n}t le roy louyt, il sesmerueille moult que
+  ce peult estre; Et de si loing comme galehault le voit venir, il
+  descend de son cheual et se agenouille, et dit. “Sire, ie vous viens
+  faire droit de ce que ie vous ay meffait; si men repens, et me metz
+  en vostre mercy.”
+
+
+[Sidenote: Arthur, overjoyed, praises God.]
+
+  ++QVant le roy lentend, il a merueilleusement gra{n}t ioye, et lieue
+  les mains vers le ciel, louant Dieu de ceste aduanture | et se le
+  roy fait bonne chere, encores la faict meilleure Gallehault. et il
+  se lieue de genoulx, & sentrebaisent, en font moult grande chere
+  lung a lautre. lors dist Gallehault | “sire, faictes vostre plaisir
+  de moy | car ie metz en vostre saisine mon corps pour en faire ce
+  que il vous plaira.
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot, first asking Arthur’s leave, dismisses his troops to
+their tents.]
+
+  Et sil vo{us} plaist, ie yray retraire mes gens arriere, & puis
+  reuiendray a vous incontinent.” “Allez doncq{ue}s,” fait le roy |
+  “car ie vueil parler a vous.” A tant sen part gallehault & reuient a
+  ses gens | & les en faict aller. Et le roy enuoya apres la royne,
+  qui sen alloit faisant grand dueil. et les messages cheuauchent tant
+  que ilz lattaingnent | et sont venus a elle, & luy comptent la ioye
+  que aduenue leur est. Et elle ne le peult croire tant q{ue}lle voy
+  les enseignes que le roy luy enuoye. ta{n}t coururent les nouuelles
+  que monseign{eu}r gauuain le sceut, lequel en eut grant ioye sur
+  tous les aultres, et dist au roy.
+
+[Sidenote: The Queen and Sir Gawain rejoice greatly.]
+
+  “Sire, comment a ce este?” “Certes, ie ne scay,” fait il: “mais ie
+  croy que telle a este le plaisir de nostre seigneur.” moult est
+  grande la ioye, & moult se esmerueille chascun co{m}ment ce peult
+  estre aduenu. Gallehault dist a son compaignon. “que voulez vous que
+  ie face? iay fait vostre commandement; & le roy ma dit que ie
+  retourne | mais ie vous conuoyeray aua{n}t iusques a voz tentes.”
+  “Haa sire,” fait le cheualier, “aincoys vous irez au roy & luy
+  porterez le plus grant honneur que vous pourrez.
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot prays Galiot not to reveal where he is, and they
+return to their tents.]
+
+  Et tant auez fait pour moy que ie ne le pourroye desseruir | mais
+  tant vous prye, pour dieu | et pour lamour que vous auez a moy, que
+  nul ne sache ou ie suis” | ainsi sen vont parlant iusq{ue}s a leurs
+  tentes. chascun scait que la paix est faicte | mais plusie{ur}s en
+  sont dolens | car mieulx aymassent la guerre que la paix. lors sont
+  descenduz les deux compaignons, et si tost quilz furent desarmez,
+  Gallehault print vne de ses meilleures robbes pour aller a la court.
+  et feist cryer par tout son ost q{ue} chascun sen allast, fors tant
+  seullement ceulx de son hostel.
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot commits his guest to the care of the two kings, and
+departs to speak with Arthur.]
+
+  Apres appella les deux roys, et leur baille son compaignon, & leur
+  commande quilz facent autant de luy comme de son corps mesmes.
+  A tant monte Gallehault, et sen va a la court du roy artus. Et le
+  roy luy vint alencontre, et la royne qui ia estoit retournee, & la
+  dame de malehault auec plusieurs dames & damoyselles.
+
+[Sidenote: Arthur and Galiot go together to the tower where Gawain lies
+ill.]
+
+  A tant vont en la bretesche ou monseigneur gauuain gisoit malade. et
+  quant il sceut que gallehault venoit, il sefforce de belle chere
+  faire, comme celluy qui oncques mes ne lauoit veu de si pres.
+
+[Sidenote: Gawain welcomes Galiot.]
+
+  lors luy dist | “bien soyez vous venu comme de celluy dont ie
+  desiroye moult lacointance | car vous estes lhomme du monde qui plus
+  doibt estre prise & ayme a droit de toutes gens. Et ie cuyde que nul
+  ne scait si bien congnoistre preudho{m}me co{m}me vous & bien y a
+  paru.” Ainsi parle messire gauuain a gallehault, & il luy demande
+  comment il luy est | et Gauuain dist. “Jay este pres de mort. mais
+  la grant amour qui est entre vous & le roy ma guery.”
+
+[Sidenote: The Queen, the King, and Gawain rejoice at Galiot’s coming,
+but he, soon after, departs to see Lancelot for a short time, promising
+to return.]
+
+  Moult font grant ioye le roy artus & la royne & monseigneur gauuain
+  de la venue de gallehault | et tout le iour ont parle de amour et
+  daccointance. Mais du noir cheualier ne tiennent ilz nulles parolles
+  | ains passent le iour a resiouyr lung lautre ta{n}t quil vint au
+  vespre. Lors demande gallehault congie de ses gens aller veoir.
+  Et le roy le luy do{n}ne | “mais vous reuiendrez,” fait il,
+  “inco{n}tinent;” et gallehault le luy octroye | si senreuient a son
+  compaignon & luy demande comment il a depuis fait | et il luy
+  respondit que bien; “Sire,” fait gallehault, “comment feray ie |: le
+  roy ma moult prie que ie retourne a luy, & il me feroit mal de vous
+  laisser en ce point.”
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot tells Galiot to do whatever Arthur wishes.]
+
+  “Haa, sire cheualier, po{u}r dieu mercy, vous ferez ce q{ue}
+  monseigneur le roy vouldra. car iamais a plus preudhomme que il est
+  ne eustes accointance. Mais ie vueil que vous me donnez vng don.” Et
+  gallehault luy dist.
+
+[Sidenote: He charges Galiot again not to ask his name, but to tell him
+about Arthur.]
+
+  “Demandez ce quil vous plaira | car ie ne vous escondiroye iamais;”
+  “Sire,” fait il, “ie vous remercye. Vous me auez donne que vous ne
+  me demanderez mon nom deuant q{ue} ie le vous diray.” “Et ie men
+  tiendray a tant puis q{ue} vous le voulez,” dit gallehault. “Et ne
+  doubtez pas que ce eust este la premiere chose que ie vous eusse
+  demande, si men tairay a tant.” Lors luy demanda de laccointance du
+  roy artus | mais il ne no{m}me mie la royne | et gallehault dit que
+  “le roy est moult preudhomme, & moult me poyse que ie ne lay congneu
+  pieca | Car moult en feusse amende |
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot praises the Queen, and Lancelot sheds tears.]
+
+  mais ma dame la royne est sy vaillante que oncques plus honneste
+  dame ne vey.” et quant le cheualier ouyt parler de la royne, si se
+  embronche et commence a souspirer durement. et gallehault le regarde
+  et se esmerueille moult pource q{ue} les larmes luy cheoyent des
+  yeulx, si commence a parler daultre chose.
+
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot asks Galiot to return to Arthur, and to report to
+him all the conversation.]
+
+  ++QVant ilz ont longuement parle ense{m}ble, le cheualier noir luy
+  dist. “Allez, si ferez a monseigneur le roy compaignie, et si
+  escoutez sy vouz orrez de moy nulles parolles, & vous me compterez
+  demain ce que vous aurez ouy.” “Voulentiers, sire,” faict gallehault
+  | lors le accolle, et dit aux roys. “Je vous baille en garde cest
+  homme comme le cueur de mon ventre.” Ainsi sen va gallehault & le
+  cheuallier demeure en la garde de deux preu[d]hommes du pays de
+  Gallehault | mais il ne fault mye demander sil fust honnore | car
+  len faisoit assez plus pour luy quil neust voulu.
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot sleeps with the two kings in Galiot’s tent;]
+
+  celle nuyt geurent les deux roys au tref gallehault pour lamour du
+  cheualier & luy firent entenda{n}t quilz ny coucheroye{n}t mye | &
+  ilz le firent coucher ainsi que Gallehault auoit fait lautre nuyt.
+
+[Sidenote: but awakes at midnight, and makes a great moaning.]
+
+  Au commencement dormit le cheualier mo{u}lt fort, et qua{n}t vint a
+  mynuit si comme{n}ca a soy tourner, et commenca a faire vng dueil si
+  gra{n}t que tous ceulz qui entour luy estoyent sen esueillerent. Et
+  en son refrain disoit souuent. “Haa chetif, que pourray ie faire?”
+  Et toute nuyt demena tel deuil. Au matin se leuerent les deux roys
+  le plus coyement quilz peurent | & moult se merueillent quil pouoit
+  auoir.
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot comes to see after Lancelot, finds him with his eyes
+red and swoln, and conjures him to tell him what the matter is.]
+
+  daultre part fut gallehault leue, & vint a son tref veoir son
+  compaignon. Il demande aux deux roys que son compaignon fait. Et ilz
+  luy dient quil auoit toute nuyt mene grant dueil. Lors entre en la
+  chambre ou il estoit, et si tost comme il le ouyt venir il essuye
+  ses yeulx; Ado{n}c gallehault, cuidant que il dormist, saillist
+  dehors de la cha{m}bre incontinent; apres le cheualier se leua.
+  Et gallehault vit que il auoit les yeulx rouges et enflez. Adonc le
+  prent par la main, et le tyre a part, et luy dist. “Beau doulx
+  compaignon, po{ur}quoy vous occiez vous ainsi? dont vous vient ce
+  dueil que vous auez toute nuyt demene, & le desplaisir que vous
+  auez? Je vous prye pour dieu que vous me diez la cause, et ie vous
+  ayderay se nul homme mortel y peult co{n}seil mettre;”
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot cries bitterly, and says that it is his heart, which
+has all the dread that it is possible for mortal heart to have.]
+
+  & commence a plourer si durement comme sil veist mort la chose du
+  mo{n}de que mieulx aymast. Lors est gallehault moult a malayse et
+  luy dit, “Beau doulx compaignon, dictes moy vostre mescheance | car
+  il nest nul homme au monde, sil vous auoit riens forfait, que ie nen
+  pourchassasse vostre droit.” Et il dist que nul ne luy a riens
+  meffait. “beau doulx amy, pourquoy menez vous doncq{ue}s si gra{n}t
+  dueil? Vous poise il que ie vous ay fait mon maistre & mo{n}
+  compaignon?” “Haa,” fait il, “vous auez assez plus fait pour moy que
+  ie ne pourroye desseruir, ne riens du mo{n}de ne me met a malaise
+  que mon cueur, qui a toute paour que cueur mortel po{u}rrait auoir.
+  Si doubte moult que vostre grant debonnairete ne me occie.” De ceste
+  chose est gallehault moult a malayse, si reconforte son compaignon.
+
+[Sidenote: They go to Mass, and Lancelot declares his belief that the
+Bread is the Body of Christ.]
+
+  Apres allerent ouyr masse. Quant vint q{ue} le prestre eut fait
+  trois parties du corps de nostre seigneur, gallehault se trait
+  auant, et tient son compaignon par la main, & luy monstre le corps
+  de nostre seigneur que le prestre tenoit entre ses mains; Puis luy
+  dist. “doncques ne croyez vous pas bien que cest le corps de nostre
+  saulueur?” “Voirement le croy ie bien,” fait le cheualier. Et
+  gallehault luy dist. “beau doulx amy, or ne me mescreez mye que ces
+  trois parties de chair que ie vois en semblance de pain, ia ne feray
+  en ma vie chose q{ue} ie cuyde q{u}i vous ennuye: mais toutes les
+  choses que ie scauray qui vous plairont, pourchasseray a mon
+  pouoir.” “sire,” fait il, “grant mercys.”
+
+[Sidenote: After Mass, Lancelot bids Galiot go again to Arthur.]
+
+  A tant se taisent iusques apres la messe | et lors demanda
+  gallehault a son compaignon quil fera; “Sire,” fait il, “vous ne
+  laisserez mie le roy en ce poi{n}t | ains yrez luy faire
+  compaignie.” “Sire,” faict il, “grant mercys;” A tant sen part de
+  luy, si le rebaille aux preudhommes de la court du roy artus. si
+  fo{n}t de luy grant signeurie sicomme ilz peuent.
+
+
+[Sidenote: After dinner the King and Queen visit Gawain, and he asks
+Galiot who made peace between him and Arthur.]
+
+  ++ET quant vint apres disner, sy furent le roy & la royne &
+  gallehault appuyez au lict de messire gauuain, tant q{ue} messire
+  gauuain dist a gallehault. “Sire, or ne vous poise dune chose que ie
+  vous dema{n}deray.” “Certes,” fait galehault, “non fera il.” “sire,
+  celle paix qui fut entre vous & mon oncle, par qui fut elle, par la
+  chose au monde q{u}i plus vous aymez?”
+
+[Sidenote: “A knight,” says Galiot. “But what knight?” asks Gawain.]
+
+  “Sire,” fait il, “vous me auez tant coniure que ie le vous diray.
+  Vng cheualier la fist.” “Et qui est le cheualier?” fait messire
+  gauuain. “Si maist dieu,” fait gallehault, “ie ne scay.” “Qui fut
+  celluy aux noires armes?” deist messire gauuain. “Ce fut,” fait il,
+  “vng cheualier;” “Tant,” fait il, “en pouez vo{us} bien dire | mais
+  acquitter vous conuient.” “Je me suis acquite de ce que me
+  coniurastes. Ne plus ne vous en diray ores | ne rien ne vous en
+  eusse ores dit, se vous ne me eussiez coniure.”
+
+[Sidenote: “The Black Knight,” answers the Queen; “show him to us.”]
+
+  “Par dieu,” faict la royne, “ce fut le cheuallier noir | mais
+  faictes le nous monstrer.” “Qui | moy, dame?” faict gallehault, “ie
+  le vous puys bien monstrer sicomme celluy qui rie{n}s nen scait!”
+  “Taisez vous,” fait la royne, “il est demoure auec vo{us}, & hier
+  porta voz armes.”
+
+[Sidenote: “I cannot,” says Galiot; “he is not from my country;”]
+
+  “Dame,” fait il | “il est vray | mais ie ne le vys oncques puis que
+  ie party du roy a la premiere fois.” “comment,” fait le roy, “ne le
+  cognoissiez vous mye | ie cuydoye que il fust de vostre terre.” “Si
+  maist dieu, non est,” fait gallehault. “certes,” fait le roy, “ne de
+  la myenne non est il mye.” |
+
+[Sidenote: and Galiot will not disclose the knight’s name, but asks
+Arthur if he ever saw a better knight, and what he would give to know
+him henceforth.]
+
+  Moult tindrent longuement gallehault a parolle le roy et la royne
+  pour auoir le nom du cheualier | mais plus nen peurent traire. et
+  messire gauuain craint quil ne ennuye a gallehault, si dist au roy.
+  “Or en laissez a tant le parler. certes le cheualier est preudhomme,
+  & pleust a dieu que ie luy ressemblasse.” Moult loe messire gauuain
+  le cheualier. Si en ont la parolle laissee | et gallehault la
+  recommence et dit. “Sire, veistes vous oncques meilleur cheuallier
+  que celluy au noir escu?” “certes,” fait le roy, “ie ne vy oncques
+  cheualier de qui ie aymasse mieulx laccointance po{u}r cheualerie;”
+  “Non,” | fait gallehault. “Or me dictes,” faict gallehault, “par la
+  foy que vous deuez a ma dame q{u}i cy est, combien vous vouldriez
+  auoir donne pour auoir son accointance a tousioursmais?”
+
+[Sidenote: “Half of all I have, except my wife,” Says Arthur.]
+
+  “Si maist dieu,” faict il, “ie luy partiroye la moytie de tout ce
+  que ie po{u}rroye auoir, fors seullement de ceste dame.” “Certes,”
+  fait gallehault, “assez y mettriez.
+
+[Sidenote: “And what would you give, Gawain?”]
+
+  Et vous, messire gauuain, se dieu vous doint sante que tant desirez,
+  quel meschief en feriez vous pour auoir compaignie a si preudhomme?”
+  Et qua{n}t messire gauuain lot, si pense vng petit comme celluy qui
+  ne cuyde iamais auoir sante.
+
+[Sidenote: “I should like to turn woman if he would love me all his
+life.”]
+
+  “Se dieu me donnoit la sante que ie desire | ie vouldroye
+  ore{n}droit estre vne des plus belles dames du monde, par conuenant
+  quil me aymast to{us} les iours de sa vie.” “par ma foy,” fait
+  gallehault, “assez y auez mis.” “Et vous, madame, quel meschef
+  feriez vous par conuena{n}t que vng tel cheualier fust tousiours en
+  vostre seruice?”
+
+[Sidenote: “I can offer no more than Gawain,” says the Queen.]
+
+  “par dieu,” fait elle, “messire gauuain y a mis toutes les offres
+  que dame y peult mettre.” Et mo{n}seigneur gauuain & tous aultres se
+  commencerent a rire. “Gallehault,” fait messire gauuain, “qui tous
+  nous auez adiurez par le serment que ie vous co{n}iuray, ores qui
+  vouldriez vous y auoir mys?”
+
+[Sidenote: “Well,” says Galiot, “I would turn all my honour into shame,
+for his sake.”]
+
+  “Si maist dieu,” faict gallehault, “ie y vouldroye auoir tourne mon
+  honneur a honte, par tel si q{ue} ieusse a tousioursmais vng si bon
+  cheualier en ma compaignie.” “Sy maist dieu,” faict messire gauuain,
+  “plus y auez mys que nous.”
+
+[Sidenote: So Gawain concludes that it was the Black Knight who brought
+about the peace.]
+
+  et lors se pensa messire gauuain que cestoit le noir cheualier qui
+  le paix auoit faicte | car pour luy auoit tourne son honneur a
+  honte, quant il veit quil estoyt au dessus. Et le dist gauuain a la
+  royne, & se fut la cause do{n}t gallehault fut plus prise; Moult
+  tindrent longuement parolles du cheualier.
+
+[Sidenote: The Queen walks away with Galiot, tells him she loves him
+much, and prays him to let her see the Black Knight.]
+
+  et la royne sadressa, et dist quelle sen voulloit aller vers la
+  bretesche pour veoir les prez, et gallehault la conuoye: si le print
+  la royne par la main & luy dist. “Gallehault, ie vous ayme moult, &
+  il est vray que vous auez le cheualier en vostre baillie, & par
+  aduenture il est tel que ie le congnois bien; si vous prie si cher
+  que vous auez mamour, que vous faciez tant que ie le voye.” “Dame,”
+  fait gallehault, “ie nen ay encores nulle saisine | & ne le vy puis
+  que la paix fut faicte de moy & du roy.
+
+[Sidenote: He promises to do all he can for her;]
+
+  Et se il estoit or en mon tref, si y conuiendroit il aultre voulente
+  q{ue} le vostre & que la mienne. Et bien saichez que tant me auez
+  coniure q{ue} ie mettray tout le pouoir que ie pourray. co{m}ment
+  vous pourrez parler a luy?”
+
+[Sidenote: and the Queen says, “I shall be sure to see him if you try,
+for he is in your custody. Send and get him.”]
+
+  “se vous en faictes vostre pouoir,” fait elle, “ie le verray bien, &
+  ie men attens a vous, et faictes tant que ie soye vostre a
+  tousiours: car cest vng des hommes du monde que ie verroye plus
+  voulentiers.” “Dame,” fait il, “ie en feray mon pouoir.” “Grant
+  mercys,” fait elle. “Or gardez que ie le voye au plus tost que vous
+  pourrez | car il est en vostre baillie, ie le scay bien | et se il
+  est en vostre terre, enuoyez le querre.” Atant sen part gallehault &
+  sen vient au roy.
+
+[Sidenote: Arthur wishes Galiot’s people and his own to be brought
+nearer to one another.]
+
+  Et mo{n}seigneur gauuain & le roy lui dient. “gallehault, ie suis
+  deliure de mes gens, ores faictes approcher voz ge{n}s des nostres,
+  ou ie feray approcher les nostres des vostres | Car nous sommes a
+  priuee mesgnie.” “Sire,” faict gallehault, “ie feray approcher les
+  miens daultre part de cest riuiere si que mon tref sera endroit le
+  vostre, et sera vne nef appareillee en quoy nous passerons dicy la
+  et de la icy.” “Certes,” fait le roy, “moult auez bien dit.”
+
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot returns to Lancelot, tells him what the King, Gawain,
+and the Queen have said of him, and asks him what answer he shall give
+the Queen.]
+
+  ++LOrs sen va Gaillehault en sa tente, et trouue son compaignon
+  mo{u}lt pensif. Il luy demande co{m}ment il a puis fait; Et il dist,
+  “bien, se paour ne me mestriast.” et gallehault dist, “de quoy auez
+  vous telle paour?” “que ie ne soye co{n}gneu,” dist il. “or nen ayez
+  mie paour, car vous ny serez ia congneu, se vostre voulente ne y
+  est;” Lors luy compte les offres que le roy et messire gauuain ont
+  faict pour luy, et ce que la royne dit | et comment la royne la tenu
+  a grant parlement de le veoir | et comme il luy respondit. “et
+  saichez que elle na de nully si tres grant desir de veoir comme de
+  vous. Et mo{n}seigneur la Roy ma prye que ie face mes gens approcher
+  | car nous sommes trop loing lung de lautre. Or me dictes que vous
+  voulez que je face | car il est en vostre plaisir.” “Je loue que
+  vous facez ce que monseign{eu}r le roy vous prye;” “Et a ma dame que
+  respondray ie, beau doulx amy?” “Certes,” fait il, “ie ne scay.”
+  Lors commence a souspirer.
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot sighs, and says, “Whatever you advise.”]
+
+  Et gallehault luy deist. “Beau doulx amy, ne vous esmayez point |
+  mais dictes moy comment vous voulez quil soit | car bien saichez
+  quil sera ainsi comme vous vouldrez | et ie aymeroye mieulx estre
+  courrouce a la moytie du monde que a vous tout seul. ores me dictes
+  quil vous en plaist.” “Sire,” faict ledit cheualier, “ce que vous me
+  louerez | car ie suis en vostre garde desormais.”
+
+[Sidenote: “There will be no harm in seeing her,” answers Galiot.]
+
+  “Certes,” fait gallehault, “il me semble que pour veoir ma dame la
+  royne il ne vous peult empyrer.”
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot says the matter must be managed secretly; and they
+agree that Galiot shall tell the Queen he has sent to seek for
+Lancelot.]
+
+  Lors apperceut galehault assez de son penser, & le tient si court
+  quil luy octroye ce quil demande | “mais il conuiendra,” faict il,
+  “que il soyt faict celeement, que nul ne le saiche | fors moy et
+  vous.” Et gallehault dit que il ne se soulcye point. “Or dictes,”
+  (fait le cheualier a gallehault,) “a ma dame que vous me auez enuoye
+  querre.” “Sur moy en laissez le surplus,” dit Gallehault. Lors sen
+  part a tant, et commanda ses trefz a tendre la ou il auoit en
+  conuenant au roy | et son seneschal fist son commandement.
+
+
+[Sidenote: How Guinevere and Lancelot meet and talk.]
+
+  ¶ Comment gallehault fist tant que la royne veit Lancelot,
+  Et comment ilz se araisonnerent ensemble, et parlerent de plusieurs
+  choses.
+
+[Sidenote: The Queen asks Galiot what he has done for her.]
+
+  ++A Tant sen partit gallehault & sen vient au tref du roy, & si tost
+  comme la royne le voit, si luy courut a lencontre, & luy dema{n}de
+  comment il auoit exploycte la besongne. “dame,” faict il, “ie en ay
+  fait tant que ie craing que lamour de vostre pryere ne me tolle la
+  chose du monde que ie ayme plus.” “Sy maist dieu,” faict elle, “vous
+  ne perderez riens par moy que ie ne vous rende ou double | mais que
+  y pouez vo{us},” fait elle, “perdre?” “Celluy mesmes que vous
+  demandez,” fait gallehault | “Car ie doubte quil ne se courrouce, et
+  que ie ne le perde a tousiours.” “Certes,” faict elle, “ce ne
+  pourray ie pas rendre | mais ia par moy ne le perderez, se dieu
+  plaist. Et touteffoys dictes moy quant il viendra” |
+
+[Sidenote: “Sent to seek for your knight,” says he.]
+
+  “dame,” fait il, “quant il pourra | car ie lay enuoye querre, et
+  croy que il ne demourra mye longuement.” De leur conseil entendit
+  ung peu la dame de mallehault qui sen prenoit garde et nen faisoit
+  mye semblant.
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot returns to his men, and tells his Seneschal to bring
+Lancelot when he sends for him.]
+
+  Lors sen partit gallehault et vient a ses gens qui estoyent logez la
+  ou il auoit commande.
+
+
+  ++QVant il fut descendu, il parla a son Seneschal et luy deist |
+  “quant ie vous enuoyeray querir, venez a moy, vous & mon compaignon
+  en ce lieu la.” Et le roy des cent cheualiers, qui son seneschal
+  estoit, dist que mo{u}lt voulentiers feroit son commandement & son
+  plaisir.
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot then goes back to the Queen, says he thinks she will
+see her knight that evening, and appoints to meet her in an Orchard
+below.]
+
+  Lors salua Gallehault son compaignon, et sen retourna a la court. Et
+  quant la royne veit gallehault qui estoit venu, elle luy dist que il
+  gardast bien et loyaulment ce quil luy auoit promis. Et il luy dist
+  | “dame, ie cuyde que vous verrez ennuyt ce que vous auez tant
+  desire.” Quant elle ouyt ce, si en fut moult ioyeuse, et moult luy
+  ennuya ce iour pour sa voulente acomplir du desir q{ue} elle auoit
+  de parler a celuy ou toutes ses pensees estoyent. Lors luy deist
+  Gallehault, “nous yrons apres soupper en ce vergier la aual” | et
+  elle luy octroye.
+
+[Sidenote: After supper the Queen goes to the Orchard, and Galiot sends
+for his Seneschal and the Knight, who come.]
+
+  Quant ce vint apres souper, si appelle la royne | la dame de
+  mallehault | et dame Lore de cardueil, une sienne pucelle, et sen
+  vont tout droit la ou gallehault auoyt dit | et gallehault prent ung
+  escuyer et luy dist. “Va et dy a mon seneschal que il viengne la ou
+  ie luy commanday.” Et celuy y va. Apres ne demoura guaires que le
+  seneschal y vint, luy et le cheualier. Ilz estoye{n}t tous deux de
+  grant beaulte; Quant ilz approchere{n}t, si congneut la dame de
+  mallehault le cheualier comme celluy que elle auoyt eu maint iour en
+  sa baillie. Et pource quelle ne vouloit mye que il la congneut, se
+  embroncha, et ilz passent oultre. le seneschal les salue. Et
+  gallehault dit a la royne. “Dame, lequel vous semble il que se
+  soit?” | et elle dit.
+
+[Sidenote: The Queen at first cannot think that either is the black
+knight, but one is so bashful that she fixes on him, seats him by her,
+smiles on him, says she has so longed to see him, and now he must tell
+her who he is. “I don’t know,” he answers.]
+
+  “Certes, ilz sont tous deux beaulx cheualliers | mais ie ne voy
+  corps ou il puisse auoir tant de prouesse que le noir cheualier
+  auoit.” “or saichez, dame, que cest lung de ces deux” | a tant sont
+  venuz auant, et le cheuallier tremble si que a peine peult saluer la
+  royne, & la royne sen esmerueille. lors se agenouillent eulx deux,
+  et le cheualier la salue | mais cest moult pourement | car moult
+  estoit honteux. Lors se pense la royne que cest il. Et gallehault
+  dit au seneschal. “allez, si faictes a ces dames compaignie.” Et
+  celluy fait ce que son sire luy comma{n}de. A doncq{ue}s la royne
+  prent le cheualier par la main & le assiet iouxte elle. Sy luy fait
+  moult beau semblant & dit en riant. “Sire, moult vo{us} auons
+  desire, tant que, dieu mercy et gallehault, vous voyons. et
+  nonpourtant encores ne croy ie mye que ce soit celluy que ie demande
+  | & gallehault ma dit que cestes vous | & encores vouldroye scauoir
+  qui vous estes par vostre bouche mesmes, se vostre plaisir y
+  estoit.” Et celuy dit que il ne scait | et oncques ne la regarda au
+  visaige. Et la royne ce esmerueille que il peult auoir, tant quelle
+  souspeconne une partie de ce quil a.
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot leaves the two to themselves, and the Queen asks the
+knight, “Are not you he who wore the black armour, and overcame
+everyone?”]
+
+  Et gallehault, qui le voigt si honteux, pense quil veult dire a la
+  royne son penser seul a seul. lors sen vient messire gauuain celle
+  part, et fait rasseoir les damoyselles pour ce que leuees sestoient
+  encontre luy. Puis commence{n}t a parler de maintes choses. Et la
+  Royne dit au cheuallier, “Beau sire, pourquoy vous celez vous de
+  moy? Certes il ne y a cause pourquoy; nestes vo{us} mie celluy qui
+  porta les noires armes, et qui vainquist lassemblee?” “Dame, nenny”
+  | “et nestes vous pas celluy qui porta lendemain les armes a
+  gallehault?” “Dame, ouy;” “Do{n}c estes vous celluy qui vainquistes
+  lassemblee qui fut faicte le premier iour par deuer{s} nous et
+  par[A42] deuers Gallehault?”
+
+[Sidenote: “No, I am not,” saith he, refusing to praise himself.]
+
+  “Dame, non suis.” Quant la royne ot ainsi parler le cheualier, a
+  donc appercoit elle bien quil ne veult mie congnoistre quil eust
+  vaincue lassemblee, si len prise mieulx la royne | car quant vng
+  homme se loe luy mesmes, il tourne son honneur a honte | et quant
+  aultruy le loe, adonc il est mieulx prise.
+
+[Sidenote: “Then who made you a knight, and when?”]
+
+  “Or me dictes,” fait la royne a lancelot | “q{ui} vous fist
+  cheuallier?” “Dame,” fait il, “vous;” “Moy?” fait elle, “Et quant?”
+
+[Sidenote: “You, at Kamalot, when the pieces of a spear were drawn out
+of the wounded knight, and you girded on my sword, thus knighting me,
+and I went away to help the Lady of Noehault, and sent you two damsels.]
+
+  “Dame,” fait il, “vous remembrez vous point quant vng cheuallier
+  vint a Kamalot, lequel estoyt naure de deux troncons de lance au
+  corps, et dune espee parmy la teste, et que vng varlet vi{n}t a
+  co{ur}t en vng vendredy, et fut cheualier le dymenche, et deffera le
+  cheuallier?” “De ce,” fait elle, “me souient il bien | et se dieu
+  vous aist, feustes vous ce q{ue} la dame du lac amena en court vestu
+  dune robe blanche?” “Dame, ouy.” “Et pourquoy dictes vous donc que
+  ie vous fis cheuallier?” “Dame,” fait il, “ie dys vray | Car la
+  coustume est telle que nul ne peut estre cheuallier sans ceindre
+  espee. Et celluy de qui il tient lespee, le faict cheuallier; de
+  vous la tiens ie. Car le roy ne la me donna onques. Pour ce dis ie
+  que vous me feistes cheualier.” De ce est la royne mo{u}lt ioyeuse |
+  “ou vous en allastes vous au partir de co{ur}t?” “Dame, ie men allay
+  pour secourir la dame de noehault;” “Et durant ce temps me mandastes
+  vous riens?” “Dame, ouy | ie vo{us} enuoyay peux pucelles.” “Il est
+  vray,” dist la royne. “Et quant vous partistes de noehault,
+  trouuastes vous nul cheuallier qui se reclamast de moy?”
+
+[Sidenote: Then I met a man, who said he was your knight, and I fought
+him (for which I crave your pardon).]
+
+  “Dame, ouy; vng qui gardoit vng gue, et me dist que descendisse de
+  dessus mon cheual et le vouloit auoir, et ie luy demanday a qui il
+  estoit | et il dist a vous. Puis luy demanday apres, qui le
+  commandoyt. Et il me dist quil nauoyt nul commandement que le
+  sie{n}. Et adoncques remys le pied en lestrief et remontay |
+  Car ie estoye ia descendu | et luy dis que il ne lauoyt point, et me
+  combatis a luy. Et ie scay bien que ie vous fis oultraige, si vous
+  en crie mercy” | “Certes a moy ne en feistes vous point | Car il
+  nestoyt mye a moy | et luy sceuz mauluais gre de ce quil ce reclama
+  de moy. Mais or me dictes on vous en allastes la?”
+
+[Sidenote: After that I took the Sorrowful Castle, and there I saw you
+thrice, last when you thought you had lost Gawain and his companions,
+and I helped to deliver him from prison.”]
+
+  “Dame, ie men allay a la douloureuse garde” | “& qui la conquist?”
+  “Dame, ie y entray” | “et ne vous y viz ie oncques.” “Ouy, plus de
+  troys foys.” “Et en quel temps?” fist elle. “Dame,” fist il, “vng
+  iour que ie vous demanday se vous vouliez leans entrer; Et vous
+  deistes ouy | et estiez moult esbahye par semblant.” “Et quel escu
+  portiez vo{us}?” “Dame, ie portay a la premiere foys vng escu blanc
+  a vne bande de belif vermeille. Et lautre foys vng ou il y auoyt
+  deux bendes” | “Et vous vys ie plus?” “Ouy, la nuyt que vous cuidiez
+  auoir perdu messire Gauuain et ses co{m}paignons, et que les gens
+  cryoyent que le{n} me prenist; Je vins hors a tout mon escu a troys
+  bendes.” “Certes,” faict elle, “ce poise moy | car se on vous eust
+  detenu, tous les enchantements feussent demourez | Mais or me
+  dictes, fustes vous ce qui iettastes messire Gauain de prison?”
+  “Dame, ie y ayday a mon pouoir.” “Certes,” faict elle, “en toutes
+  les choses q{ue} vous me dictes ie nay trouue si non verite.
+
+[Sidenote: The Queen asks the knight who was in the turret above his
+room there.]
+
+  Mais or me dictes qui estoit en vne tournelle dessus la chambre
+  monseigneur.”
+
+[Sidenote: “A damsel whom I never dishonoured, but I asked her not to
+leave till she saw my messenger or me, which I then forgot, and kept her
+there a very long time.”]
+
+  “Dame, cestoyt vne pucelle que ie ne villennay oncques | Car ma dame
+  du lac la me auoyt enuoyee | si me trouua en ceste tournelle | il
+  fut assez qui la honnora pour moy. Quant ie ouy nouuelles de
+  monseigneur Gauuain, si en fut mo{u}lt angoisseux, et men party de
+  la Damoyselle qui auecques moy debuoit venir, et luy priay que elle
+  ne se remuast tant que elle eust mon messaige ou moy. Si fus si
+  surprins de tresgrant affaire que ie loubliay | et elle fut plus
+  loyalle uers moy que ie ne fus courtois vers elle | car oncques ne
+  se remua iusques a ce q{ue}lle eut mes enseignes, et ce fut grant
+  piece apres.”
+
+    [Footnote A42: The original has _pat_.]
+
+
+[Sidenote: How the Queen knew Lancelot.]
+
+  Comment la royne congneut Lancelot apres q{u}il eut lo{n}guement
+  parle a elle, et q{u}il luy eut compte de ses adue{n}tures. Et
+  comment la premiere acointance fut faicte entre lancelot et la royne
+  genieure par le moyen de gallehault.
+
+[Sidenote: When she heard of this damsel the Queen knew it must be
+Lancelot, and asks him if he was the knight whom Daguenet took.]
+
+  ++QVant la royne eut parle de la damoiselle, si scait bien q{ue}
+  cest La{n}celot. Si luy enquist de toutes les choses q{ue}lle auoit
+  ouy de luy, et de toutes le trouua vray disa{n}t; “Or me dictes,”
+  fait elle, “vous vy ie puis?”
+
+[Sidenote: He answers “Yes;” and that two rascals killed his horse, and
+Ywain gave him another.]
+
+  “Ouy, dame, telle heure que vo{us} me eustes bie{n} mestier | car
+  ieusse este noye a kamalot se ne eussiez vous este.” “Comment!
+  feustes vous celluy que daguenet le fol print?” “Dame, prins fus ie
+  sans faulte.” “Et ou alliez vous?” “Dame, ie alloye apres vng
+  cheuallier.” “Et vous combatistes vous a luy” | “dame, ouy.” “Et
+  dillec ou allastes vous?” “Dame, ie trouuay deux grans villains que
+  me occirent mo{n} cheual | mais messire yuain, qui bonne aduenture
+  ayt, men donna vng.”
+
+[Sidenote: “Ah, then your name is Lancelot,” says she, “and for what
+lady or damsel did you do such feats of arms the day before yesterday?”]
+
+  “Ha, ha,” fait elle, “ie scay bien qui vous estes; Vous auez nom
+  lancelot du lac.” Il se taist. “Par dieu,” faict elle, “pourneant le
+  celez | long temps a que messire Gauuain apporta nouuelles de vostre
+  nom a co{ur}t;” Lors luy compta comment messire yuain auoit compte
+  que la damoyselle auoit dit | cest la tierce. “Et anten quelles
+  armes portastes vous?” “Vnes vermeilles.” “Par mo{n} chef cest
+  verite. Et auant hier pourquoy feistes vo{u}s tant darmes comme vous
+  feistes?” Et il commenca a souspirer. “Dictes moy seurement | Car ie
+  scay bien que pour aulcune dame ou damoyselle le feistes vous, et me
+  dictes qui elle est, par la foy que vous me deuez.”
+
+[Sidenote: “For you, Lady; and for you I broke the three lances that
+your maiden brought me for you had made me your _friend_, and said I was
+your knight in all lands, and bid me adieu as your own sweet friend.]
+
+  “Haa, dame, ie voy bien quil le me conuient dire, cestes vo{us}.”
+  “Moy?” faict elle. “Voire, dame.” “Pour moy ne ro{m}pistes vous pas
+  les troys lances que ma pucelle vous porta?” “Car ie me mis bien
+  hors du mandement, dame; ie fis pour elle ce q{ue} ie deuz, et pour
+  vous ce que ie peux.” “Et combien a il que vous me aymez tant?” “Des
+  le iour que ie fus tenu pour cheuallier, et ie ne lestoye mye” |
+  “Par la foy que vous me deuez, dont vindrent ces amours que vous
+  auez en moy mises?” “dame,” fait il, “vous le me feistes faire qui
+  de moy feistes vostre amy, se vostre bouche ne me a me{n}ty.” “Mon
+  amy!” faict elle, “comment?” “Dame,” fait il, “ie vins deuant vous
+  quant ie eu prins congie monseigneur le roy | si vous commanday a
+  dieu, et dis que ie estoye vostre cheuallier en tous lieux. Et vous
+  me dictes que vostre amy et vostre cheuallier voulliez vous que ie
+  feusse. Et ie dys, “a dieu! dame.” Et vous distes “a dieu! mon beau
+  doulx amy!”
+
+[Sidenote: That word has never left me, but always been my strength and
+wealth.”]
+
+  Ce fut le mot qui preudhomme me fera, se ie le suis, ne oncques puis
+  ne fus a si grant meschef que il ne men remembrast. Ce mot ma
+  conforte en to{us} mes ennuys. Cest mot ma de tous maulx guary. Cest
+  mot ma fait riche en mes pouretez;” “Par ma foy,” fait la royne, “ce
+  mot fut en bo{n}ne heure dict | et dieu en soyt aoure | ne ie ne le
+  prenoye pas acertes comme vous feistes, et a maint preudhomme ay ie
+  ce dict ou ie ne pensay oncques riens que le dire.
+
+[Sidenote: “Oh, but that was only an ordinary compliment,” says
+Guinevere, to tease him.]
+
+  Mais la coustume est telle des cheualliers que font a mainte dame
+  semblant de telles choses dont a gueres ne leur est au cueur.” Et ce
+  disoit elle po{ur} veoir de combien elle le pourroit mettre en
+  malaise;
+
+[Sidenote: This grieves Lancelot so that he nearly faints, at which
+Galiot is greatly grieved, tells the Queen that Lancelot is the
+gallantest and truest of men, and prays her to have mercy on him.]
+
+  Car elle veoit bien quil ne pretendoit a autre amour que a la sienne
+  | mais elle se delectoyt a sa malaisete veoir, et il eut si grant
+  angoisse que par vng pou q{u}il ne se pasma | & la royne eut paour
+  quil ne cheist, si appella gallehault, et il y vint acourant. Quant
+  il voyt q{ue} son compaigno{n} est si courrouce, si en a si gra{n}t
+  angoisse q{ue} plus ne peut. “Haa, dame,” fait gallehault, “vous le
+  nous pourrez bien tollir, et ce seroit trop grand do{m}maige.”
+  “Certes, sire, se seroit mo{n};” “Et ne scauez vous pour qui il a
+  tant fait darmes?” faict gallehault. “Certes, nenny,” faict elle |
+  “mais, se il est veoir ce qui ma este dict, cest pour moy;” “Dame,
+  se maist dieu, bien len pouez croire | car aussi comme il est le
+  plus preudho{m}me de tous les hommes | aussi est son cueur plus vray
+  que tous aultres.” “Voireme{n}t,” fait elle, “diriez vous quil
+  seroit preudhomme se vous scauiez quil a fait darmes puis quil fut
+  cheuallier.” Lors luy compte tout ainsi co{m}ment vous auez ouy |
+  “et saichez quil a ce faict seullement pour moy,” fait elle. Lors
+  luy prie gallehault, & dist. “Pour dieu, dame, ayez de luy mercy, et
+  faictes pour moy ainsi comme ie fis pour vous quant vous men
+  priastes.”
+
+[Sidenote: “What mercy?” says she;]
+
+  “Quelle mercy voulez vous que ien aye?” “Dame, vous scauez que ie
+  vous ayme sur toutes, et il a fait po{u}r vous plus que oncques
+  cheualier ne fist po{u}r dame, et sachez que la paix de moy et de
+  monseign{eu}r neust ia este faicte se neust il este.”
+
+[Sidenote: “there is nothing he can ask of me that I will not do; but he
+will not ask.”]
+
+  “Certes,” faict elle, “il a plus faict pour moy que ne pourroye
+  desseruir, ne il ne me pourroyt chose requerre dont ie le peuisse
+  esconduyre | mais il ne me requiert de riens | ains est tant
+  melencolieux que merueilles.” “Dame,” fait gallehault, “auez en
+  mercy; il est celluy qui vo{us} ayme plus que soy mesmes. Si maist
+  dieu, ie ne scauoye riens de sa voulente quant il vint, fors quil
+  doubtoit de estre congneu, ne oncques plus ne men descouurit.” “Je
+  en auray,” fait elle, “telle mercy comme vous vouldrez.” “Dame, vous
+  auez fait ce que ie vous ay requis; aussi doy ie bien faire ce q{ue}
+  vous me requerez.” Se dit la royne, “il ne me requiert de riens.”
+
+[Sidenote: “He does not dare,” answers Galiot, “but I will ask for
+him.”]
+
+  “Certes, dame,” fait gallehault, “il ne ose | car le{n} ne aymera ia
+  riens par amo{ur}s que len ne craigne | mais ie vous en prie pour
+  luy, & se ie ne vous en priasse, si le deussiez vo{us} pourchasser.
+  Car plus riche tresor ne pourriez vous conquester.”
+
+[Sidenote: “Then I will grant it,” says Queen Guinevere. Galiot prays
+her to give Lancelot her love, and become his loyal lady all her life.]
+
+  “Certes,” fait elle, “ie le scay bien et ie en feray tout ce que
+  vous commanderez.” “Dame,” fait Gallehault, “grant mercy. Je vous
+  prie que vous luy donnez vostre amour, et le retenez pour vostre
+  cheuallier a tousiours, et deuenez sa loyalle dame toute vostre vie
+  | et vous le aurez fait plus riche que se vo{us} luy auiez donne
+  tout le monde.”
+
+[Sidenote: She promises to be Lancelot’s, and that she will do
+everything she is told.]
+
+  “Certes,” faict elle, “ie luy ottroye que il soyt mien | et moy
+  toute sienne, et que par vous soyent amendez tous les meffaitz.”
+  “Dame,” faict Gallehault, “grant mercy. Or conuient il commencement
+  de seruice;” “Vous ne deuiserez riens,” fait la royne, “que ie ne
+  face.”
+
+[Sidenote: “Then kiss Lancelot before me,” says Galiot.]
+
+  “Dame,” faict il, “grant mercy | donc baisez le deuant moy pour
+  commencement de vrayes amours.”
+
+[Sidenote: This Guinevere agrees to do, if Lancelot wishes it.]
+
+  “Du baiser,” faict elle, “ie ne voy ne lieu ne temps | et ne doubtez
+  pas,” faict elle, “que ie ne le voulsisse faire aussi voullentiers
+  quil feroit | mais ces dames sont cy qui mo{u}lt se merueillent
+  q{ue} no{us} auons tant fait, si ne po{ur}royt estre que ilz ne le
+  vissent. Nompourtant, se il veult, ie le baiseray voullentiers.” Et
+  il en est si ioyeulx que il ne peult respondre si non tant quil
+  dict.
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot says there is no doubt about Lancelot’s wish;]
+
+  “Dame,” faict il, “grant mercy” | “dame,” faict Gallehault, “de son
+  vouloir nen doubtez ia | Car il est tout vostre, bien le saichez, ne
+  ia nul ne sen apperceuera; Nous troys serons ensemble ainsi comme se
+  nous conseillions” | “Dequoy me feroye ie pryer” | faict elle |
+  “plus le vueil ie que vous.” Lors se trayent a part, et font
+  semblant de conseiller.
+
+[Sidenote: and as he is bashful, the Queen takes him by the chin, and
+kisses him before Galiot. (The Lady of Mallehault sees her.)]
+
+  La Royne voyt que le cheuallier nen ose plus faire, si le prent par
+  le menton, et baise deuant Gallehault assez longuement. Et la dame
+  de Mallehauli (_sic_) sceut de vray que elle le baisoyt. Lors parla
+  la Royne qui moult estoyt sage & vaillant dame.
+
+[Sidenote: Guinevere tells Lancelot that she is his, but charges him to
+keep the matter secret, and Galiot too.]
+
+  “Beau doulx amy,” faict elle, “tant auez faict que ie suys vostre;
+  Et moult en ay grant ioye. Or gardez que la chose soyt celee. Car
+  mestier en est. Je suys une des Dames du monde dont len a greigneur
+  bien dict, Et se ma renommee empiroyt par vous, il y auroyt layde
+  amour et villaine | et vous, Gallehault, ie vous prye que mon
+  honneur gardez | Car vous estes le plus saige | Et se mal men
+  venoyt, ce ne seroyt si non par vous; Et se ien ay bien et ioye,
+  vous me lauez donnee.”
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot promises this, and asks Guinevere to make Lancelot his
+companion for ever.]
+
+  “Dame,” faict Gallehault, “il ne pourroyt vers vous mesprendre, et
+  ien ay bien faict ce que vous me commandastes. Or vous prye que
+  faciez ma voulente ainsi comme iay fait la vostre;” “Dictes,” fait
+  elle, “tout ce quil vo{us} plaira hardyment | car vous ne me
+  scauriez chose comma{n}der que ie ne face.” “Dame,” faict il, “donc
+  mauez vous ottroye que ie seray son compaignon a tousiours.”
+  “Certes,” fait elle, “se de ce vo{us} failloit, vous auriez mal
+  employe la peine que vous auez prinse pour luy et pour moy.”
+
+[Sidenote: She takes Lancelot’s hand, gives him to Galiot, and says she
+has given him Lancelot of the Lake, son of King Ban.]
+
+  Lors prent le cheuallier par la main, et dict. “Gallehault, ie vous
+  donne ce cheualier a tousiours sans ce que iay auant eu, et vous le
+  me creancez ainsi” | et aussi le cheualier luy creance | “scauez
+  vous,” fait elle, “Gallehault, que ie vous ay donne lancelot du lac,
+  le filz au roy ban de benoic;” Ainsi luy a fait le cheualier
+  congnoistre, qui moult en a grant honte.
+
+[Sidenote: This gives Galiot more joy than ever he had before, as he had
+often heard how Lancelot was the gallantest knight in the world.]
+
+  Lors a gallehault greigneure ioye quil neust oncq{ue}s | car il
+  auoit maintesfois ouy dire, comme parolles vont, que cestoyt le
+  meilleur cheualier et le plus preux du monde, et bien scauoit que le
+  roy ban auoit este moult gentil ho{m}me, et moult puissant de amys
+  et de terre.
+
+
+  ++AInsi fut faicte la premiere acointance de la royne et de lancelot
+  par gallehault | et Gallehault ne lauoit oncques congneu que de
+  veue, et pource luy fait creancer q{u}il ne luy demanderoit son nom
+  tant quil luy dist, ou autre po{ur} luy. Lors se leuerent tous
+  troys, et il anuytoit durement.
+
+[Sidenote: By the bright moonlight they recross the meads towards
+Lancelot’s tent, and Galiot sends Lancelot there, while he conducts the
+Queen to Arthur’s tent, and tells him they have only been looking at the
+fields by themselves.]
+
+  Mais la lune estoyt leuee, si faisoit cler | Si que elle luysoyt par
+  toute la praerie | Lors sen retournerent a vne part contrement les
+  prez droit vers le tref le cheualier, & le seneschal et gallehault
+  vint apres luy & les dames ta{n}t q{u}ilz vindre{n}t endroit les
+  te{n}tes de gallehault. Lors enuoya Gallehault son compaignon a son
+  tref, et prent co{n}ge de la royne, et gallehault la conuoye iusques
+  au tref du Roy. Et qua{n}t le roy les veyt, si demanda dont ilz
+  venoyent. “Sire,” fait Gallehault, “nous uenons de veoir ces pres a
+  si peu de compaignie comment vo{us} veez.” Lors se assient, et
+  parlent de plusieurs choses; si sont la Royne et Gallehault moult
+  ayses.
+
+
+  ++AV chef de piece se leua la royne, et sen alla en la bretesche;
+  gallehault la conuoya iusq{ue}s la.
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot sees the Queen to her tower, and then takes leave of
+Arthur and of Gawain, and goes to Lancelot’s bed.]
+
+  Puis la comma{n}de a dieu, et dist quil sen yroit gesir auec son
+  compaignon. “Bien auez fait,” dit la royne, “il en sera plus ayse” |
+  A tant sen part gallehault, et vient au roy prendre congie, et dist
+  quil ne luy desplaise, et que il yra gesir auec les gens pource quil
+  ny auoyt geu de grant piece, et dist. “Sire, ie me doibz pener de
+  faire leur voulente | car ilz me ayment moult.” “Sire,” fait messire
+  gauuain, “vo{us} dictes bien, et len doit bien honnorer telz
+  preudhommes q{u}i les a.” Lors sen part gallehault et vient a son
+  compaignon; Ilz se coucherent to{us} deux en vng lict, et deviserent
+  la une piece. Si nous laisserons ores a parler de gallehault & de
+  son compaignon, et dirons de la royne qui est venu en la bretesche.
+
+
+[Sidenote: Queen Guinevere goes to the window to think, and the Lady of
+Mallehault asks her why four are bad company.]
+
+  ++QVa{n}t gallehault fut party, la royne sen alla en vne fenestre,
+  et comme{n}ce a penser a ce que plus luy plaisoyt. La dame de
+  mallehault saprocha delle quant elle la vit seulle, et luy dist le
+  plus priueement que elle peut. “Haa, dame! pourquoy ne est bonne la
+  compaignie de quatre?”
+
+[Sidenote: At first Guinevere will not hear this, but the Lady repeats
+it; the Queen asks why she says it, and the Lady asks pardon, as perhaps
+she has said too much.]
+
+  La royne le ouyst bien, si ne dit mot, et fait semblant q{ue} riens
+  nen ouyt. Et ne demoura gueres q{ue} la dame dist celle parolle
+  mesmes; la royne lapella et dist. “Dame, pourquoy auez ce dit?”
+  “Dame,” fait elle, “pardonnez moi, ie nen diray ores plus | car par
+  aduenture en ay plus dit que a moy napartient | & le{n} ne se doit
+  mi faire plus priuee de sa dame que len est | car tost en acquiert
+  on hayne.”
+
+[Sidenote: “No,” says Guinevere, “speak boldly out; I wish it.”]
+
+  “Si maist dieu,” fait la royne, “vous ne me po{ur}riez rie{n}s dire
+  do{n}t vous eussiez ma haine | ie vous tiens tant a saige et a
+  courtoyse, que vous ne diriez riens qui fust encontre ma voulente |
+  Mais dictes hardyment | Car ie le vueil, et si vous en prie.”
+
+[Sidenote: “Then I must say that I think four very good company. I saw
+the new acquaintance you made to-day, and know he is the man who loves
+you most in the world.]
+
+  “Dame,” fait elle, “donc le vous diray ie | Je dy que moult est
+  bonne la compaignie de quatre; Jay huy veu nouueau accointement
+  q{ue} vous auez faict au cheuallier qui parla a vous la bas en ce
+  vergier. Et scay bien que cest la personne du mo{n}de qui plus vous
+  ayme, et vous ne auez pas tort se vous laymez | car vous ne pourriez
+  vostre amour mieulx employer;” “Comment,” fait la royne, “le
+  congnoissez vous?”
+
+[Sidenote: I kept him a year and a half in prison, and gave him both the
+red and the black arms in which he won the tourneys;]
+
+  “Dame,” fait elle, “telle heure a este ouen que ie vous en eusse
+  bien peu faire refus comme vous en pouez ores faire a moy | car ie
+  lay tenu vng an et demy en prison. Cest celluy qui vaincquit
+  lassemblee aux armes vermeilles | & celle de deuant hier aux armes
+  noires, les vnes & les autres luy baillay ie; Et quant il fut auant
+  hier sur la riuiere pensif, et ie luy voulu mander q{ue} il fist
+  vaillamment armes, ie ne le faisoye sinon pour ce que ie esperoye
+  quil vous aymast; si cuydoye telle heure fust que il me aymast |
+
+[Sidenote: and I thought then that he loved me, but he soon undeceived
+me.”]
+
+  Mais il me mist tost hors de cuyder, tant me descouurit de son
+  penser.” Lors luy compta co{m}ment elle lauoyt tenu en prison an et
+  demy | et pourquoy elle lauoit prins.
+
+[Sidenote: The Queen answers, “But tell me why four are better company
+than three.”]
+
+  “Or me dictes,” fait la royne, “quelle compaignie vault mieulx de
+  quatre que de troys | car mieulx est vne chose celee par trois que
+  par quatre.” “Certes non est cy endroit, et si vo{us} diray.
+
+[Sidenote: “Because, though your knight loves you, he loves Galiot too,
+and they will not stay here long, but you will; and if you have no one
+else to tell your thought to, you will be forced to keep your faith to
+yourself; but if you will let me be a fourth, we can comfort one
+another.”]
+
+  Vray est que le cheualier vous ayme, et aussi fait il gallehault, et
+  desormais se confortero{n}t lung lautre en quelque terre quilz
+  soient. Car icy ne sero{n}t ilz pas longuement: et vous demourerez
+  cy toute seule, et ne le scaura nul fors vous | ne si ne aurez a qui
+  descouurir vostre pensee, si porterez ainsi vostre faix toute seulle
+  | mais sil vo{us} pleust que ie fusse la quarte en la compaignie
+  entre nous deux dames, nous solacierons ainsi co{m}me entre eulx
+  deux cheualiers feront, si en seriez plus aise.” “Scauez vous,” fait
+  la royne, “qui est le cheuallier?” “Se maist dieu,” fait la dame,
+  “nen{n}y.” “Vous auez bien ouy co{m}ment il se couurit vers moy.”
+
+[Sidenote: Queen Guinevere agrees to this with great joy, and tells the
+Lady that the knight is Lancelot of the Lake.]
+
+  “Certes,” faict la royne, “moult estes apparceuante, et moult
+  conuiendroit estre sage qui vous vouldroit rien embler, & puis que
+  ainsi est que vous lauez aperceu, et que vous me requerez la
+  compagnie, vous laurez | mais ie vueil que vous portez vostre faix
+  ainsi co{m}me ie feray le mie{n}.” “Dame,” faict elle, “ie feray ce
+  que il vous plaira, pour ci haulte compaignie auoir.” “En verite,”
+  faict la royne, “vous laurez | car meilleure compaignie que vous ne
+  pourroye ie mye auoir,” “Dame,” fait elle, “nous serons ensemble
+  toutes les heures quil vous plaira.” “Jen suys ioyeuse,” faict la
+  Royne. “Et no{us} affermerons demain la compaignie de nous quattre.”
+  Lors luy compte de Lancelot, comment il auoyt ploure quant il
+  regarda deuers elle, “et ie scay que il vous congneut, et saichez
+  que cest lancelot du lac, le meilleur cheuallier qui viue.” Ainsi
+  parlerent longuement entre elles deux | et font moult grant ioye de
+  le{ur} accointement nouueau.
+
+[Sidenote: At night the ladies sleep together, and talk of their new
+loves, the Lady of Mallehault saying that she never loved but one, and
+then only in thought (and that was Lancelot).]
+
+  Icelle nuyct ne souffrit oncques la Royne de logres que la dame de
+  mallehault geust sinon auec elle | mais elle y geut a force. Car
+  elle doubtoyt moult de gesir auec si riche dame; Quant elles furent
+  couchees si commencerent a parler de leurs nouuelles amours; La
+  royne demanda a la dame de mallehault selle a[y]me nulluy par
+  amours, et elle luy dict que nenny. “Saichez, dame, que ie naymay
+  oncques que vne foys, ne de celle amour ne fis ie que penser;” et ce
+  dit elle de lancelot, quelle auoit tant ayme co{m}me femme pourroit
+  aymer homme mortel | Mais elle nen auoit oncques aultre ioye eue,
+  non pourtant ne dit pas que ce eust il este.
+
+[Sidenote: The Queen thinks she will make the Lady and Galiot fall in
+love with one another.]
+
+  La royne pensa quelle feroyt ses amours de elle et de gallehault,
+  mais elle nen veult parler iusques a ta{n}t quelle scaura de
+  gallehault sil la veult aymer ou non | car autrement ne len
+  requerroit elle pas.
+
+[Sidenote: Next morning they go to Arthur’s tent and wake him, and then
+return over the meadows where the meeting with Lancelot took place, and
+the Queen tells the Lady of Mallehault all about it, and then praises
+Galiot as the wisest and best man in the world.]
+
+  Lendemain se leuerent matin elles deux, & allerent au tref du roy,
+  qui gisoit la pour faire a monseigneur gauuain et aux aultres
+  cheualiers compaignie. La royne sesueilla, & dist, “que moult estoyt
+  mauluais qui a ceste heure dormoyt.” Lors se tournerent contreual
+  les prez, et dames et damoyselles auec elles. Et ils allerent la ou
+  laccointement damours auoyt este faict, et dict la Royne a la dame
+  de mallehault toute laccointance de lancelot | et comme il estoit
+  esbahy deuant elle, et riens ne luy laissa a dire. Puis commenca a
+  louer gallehault, et dit que cestoit le plus saige homme et le plus
+  vertueulx du monde; “Certes,” fait elle, “ie luy compteray
+  lacointance de nous deux quant il viendra, et sachez que il en aura
+  gra{n}t ioye. Or allo{n}s | car il ne demourra gueres quil ne
+  viengne.”
+
+
+The rubric of the next chapter is as follows:
+
+[Sidenote: How Galiot became acquainted with the Lady of Melyhalt.]
+
+  ¶ Co{m}me{n}t la premiere acointa{n}ce fut faicte de gallehault et
+  de la dame de malehault p{ar} le moye{n} de la royne de logres. Et
+  comme{n}t lancelot & gallehault sen alloie{n}t esbatre et deuiser
+  auec leurs dames.
+
+It relates how Queen Guinevere requires Galiot to let her dispose of his
+love as he had disposed of hers. To this he consents, and she commends
+him to the Lady of Mallehault. Next, they arrange for the promised
+_parlement de eulx quatre_; and the queen points out to Lancelot the
+lady who had so many a day kept him in prison, i.e., the Lady of
+Mallehault. At recognizing his old acquaintance, Lancelot feels somewhat
+distressed, but is reassured by observing the new love-making between
+her and Galiot. Seated in a wood, the four “demourerent grant piece, ne
+oncq{ue}s ne tindrent parolles, fors tant seullement de accoller & de
+baiser comme ceulx qui voulentiers le faisoyent.”
+
+We next hear of Gawain’s recovery, and of the separation of the party of
+four above spoken of. Galiot takes Lancelot home with him to his own
+country, whilst the Lady of Mallehault remains for a time with the queen
+and Arthur. When Lancelot is next spoken of, he is in Galiot’s country,
+where we will now leave him.
+
+
+
+
+NOTES TO THE APPENDIX.
+
+
+  P. xxiii. _Descosse_ = _d’Écosse_, of Scotland. In Old French, words
+  are frequently run together; thus we have _labbaye_ for _l’abbaye_,
+  _sesmeurent_ for _s’émeurent_, etc. Also the letter _s_ is often
+  replaced in modern French by an acute or circumflex accent; so that
+  _Escosse_ = _Êcosse_; _chasteau_ = _château_, etc.
+    The word _si_ often occurs below with a great variety of meanings,
+      _viz._ I, he; and, also; so, thus; etc.
+
+  P. xxiv. _baille_, given, entrusted.
+    _brouyr_ (_brûler_), being burnt.
+    _monstier_, monastery.
+    _gauues_, so in the original throughout; _gaunes_ is used in other
+      romances.
+
+  P. xxv. _auecques_ = _avec_, with.
+
+  P. xxvi. _aduision_, vision.
+    _behourdys_, tournament.
+    _naure_, wounded.
+    _deffera_ = _desferra_, un-ironed; it means that Lancelot drew the
+      weapons out of the knight’s wounds.
+    _deuers_, “Préposition relative au temps et au lieu dont on parle;
+      près, vers, contre, proche; de _versus_.” Roquefort.
+    _octroya_, permitted (authorized).
+    _mouille_, _lit._ wetted; insulted.
+
+  P. xxvii. _veirent_, saw.
+    _escript_ (_écrit_), written.
+    _lassemblee_, the gathering; _i.e._ the war, strife.
+    _rua_, overthrew.
+
+  P. xxviii. _mire_, physician.
+    _gue_, ford, pass.
+    _tresues_, a truce; spelt _treues_ on p. xxix.
+
+  P. xxix. _esbatre_, to divert oneself. In modern French, _s’ébattre_.
+
+  P. xxx. _orrions_, shall hear.
+    _deust_ = _dût_.
+    _cheoient_, from _cheoir_, to fall. Compare _chûte_.
+    _poilz_, hairs.
+    _esbahy_, amazed.
+    _ortelz_, toes.
+    _chaille_; from _chaloir_, to be anxious about.
+    _dilacion_, delay.
+
+  P. xxxi. _paour_, fear.
+    _mire_, physician.
+    _veufue_, old.
+
+  P. xxxii. _cheuauche_, rides.
+    _boutte_, buts, pushes.
+    _iecte_ (_jeté_), cast.
+    _cuyde_, I believe.
+    _Si maist dieu_, so God aid me. Here _maist_ is put for _m’aist_.
+    _oncques_, ever.
+    _ennuyt_, this night, to-night.
+    _lottroyera_, will grant him his request.
+    _conroy_, troops.
+
+  P. xxxiii. _derrains_ (_derniers_), last.
+    _busines_, trumpets.
+    _Or y perra_, now it will appear.
+    _cuidoit_, believed; from the old verb _quider_.
+    _cheuauchent_, ride.
+    _ia_, already.
+    _tertre_, a small hill.
+
+  P. xxxiv. _adresse_, a cross-path.
+    _huy_, just before; _lit._ this day. Lat. _hodiè_.
+    _se pasme_, swoons.
+    _leans_, thither.
+
+  P. xxxv. _ores_, now.
+    _huy_, to-day.
+    _preudhomme_, a wise and prudent man.
+    _lottroye_, permits him.
+    _tref_, tent.
+    _nenny_, no!
+    _ains_, before.
+    _guerpiront_, will leave.
+    _deduys_, amusements, diversions.
+
+  P. xxxvi. _leans_, there.
+    _gerrez_, will lie.
+    _las_, tired.
+    _Ains_, but.
+
+  P. xxxvii. _semondray_, shall ask.
+    _esbahy_, amazed.
+    _tollez_, take away.
+    _creanca_, promised.
+    _lees_, wide, full.
+    _lices_, lists.
+
+  P. xxxviii. _emmy le pas_, in the midst of the passage.
+    _hucher_, to cry aloud.
+
+  P. xxxix. _lieue_, lifts.
+    _saisine_, disposal.
+    _enseignes_, tokens.
+    _aincoys_, first of all.
+
+  P. xl. _oncques mes_, never.
+    _a resiouyr_ (_réjouir_), in amusing.
+    _escondiroye_, will refuse.
+    _me poyse_, it troubles me.
+    _pieca_, long ago.
+    _se embronche_, covers his face.
+
+  P. xli. _sen esueillerent_, awoke thereat.
+    _Adonc_, then.
+    _riens forfait_, anyway injured.
+
+  P. xlii. _ne me mescreez mye que_, do not doubt me more than.
+
+  P. xliii. _doint_, gives, were to give.
+
+  P. xliv. _mesgnie_, properly the _suite_ or household of a prince; see
+      Roquefort s.v. _magnie_ and _maignee_.
+    _nef_, a boat.
+    _loue_, advise.
+
+  P. xlv. _vous esmayez_, afflict yourself.
+    _courrouce_, wroth, displeased.
+
+  P. xlvi. _vergier_, orchard.
+    _aual_, below.
+    _se embroncha_, she veiled herself, or, hid herself.
+    _iouxte_, beside.
+
+  P. xlvii. _maintes_, many.
+    _ot_, heard.
+    _len prise mieulx_, esteemed it better.
+    _loe_, praises.
+    _deffera_, dis-ironed, drew the weapons out of.
+    _lestrief_, the stirrup.
+
+  P. xlviii. _leans_ (_la dédans_), there.
+    _belif_. We find in Cotgrave’s French Dictionary, “_Belic_, a kind
+      of red or geueles, in Blazon.”
+    _enseignes_, tokens, message.
+
+  P. xlix. _mestier_, serviceable.
+    _dillec_, thence.
+    _pourneant_, for nothing, in vain.
+    _voire_, truly.
+    _commanday a dieu_, commended to God, bade farewell.
+
+  P. li. _mestier en est_, there is need of it.
+    _greigneur bien_, exceedingly well, very highly.
+
+  P. lii. _greigneure_, greater.
+    _anuytoit_, became night.
+    _ie me doibz pener_, I ought to take pains.
+
+  P. liii. _ouen_, this year.
+
+
+
+
+  The Romans
+  of
+  Lancelot of the Laik.
+
+
+[PROLOGUE.]
+
+  [Sidenote: In April, when the fresh luminary upriseth,]
+    ++THe ſoft morow ande The luſtee Aperill,                [Fol. 1.]
+    The wynt{er} set, the stormys in exill,
+    Quhen that the bry{ch}t {and} freſch illumynare
+    Upriſith arly in his fyre chare                                  4
+    His hot courß in to the orient,
+  [Sidenote: and sendeth from his sphere his golden streams,]
+    And frome h{is} ſpere his goldine ſtremis sent
+    Wpone the grond, in man{er} off meſag,
+    One eu{er}y thing to valkyne thar curage,                        8
+    That natur haith set wnd{er} hire mycht,
+    Boith gyrß, and flour, {and} eu{er}y luſty vicht:
+    And namly thame that felith the aſſay
+    Of lufe, to ſchew the kalendis of may,                          12
+    Throw birdis ſonge w{i}t{h} opine wox one hy,
+    That ſeſſit not one lufar{is} for to cry,
+    Leſt thai forȝhet, throw ſlewth of Ignorans,
+    The old wſage of lowis obſ{er}uans.                             16
+
+[Headnote: THE POET BEWAILS HIS LOT.]
+
+  [Sidenote: and when I espy his bright face,]
+    And from̅e I can the bricht face aſſpy,
+    It deuit me no langare fore to ly,
+    Nore that loue schuld ſleuth In to me finde,
+  [Sidenote: I walk forth, bewailing my sad life.]
+    Bot walkine furth, bewalinge in my mynde                        20
+    the dredful lyve endurit al to longe,
+    Sufferans in loue of ſorouful harmys ſtronge,
+    The ſcharpe dais and the hewy ȝerys,
+    Quhill phebus thris haith paſſith al h{is} ſperis,              24
+    Vithoutine hope ore traiſtinge of comfort;
+    So be such meine fatit was my sort.
+    Thus in my ſaull Rolinge al my wo,
+  [Sidenote: The sword of love carves my heart.]
+    My carful hart carwing cañ In two                               28
+    The derdful ſuerd of lowis hot diſſire;
+    So be the morow set I was a-fyre
+    In felinge of the acceß hot {and} colde,
+    That haith my hart in ſich a fevir holde,                       32
+    Only to me thare was noñe vthir eß
+    Bot thinkine qhow I ſchulde my lady pleß.
+    The ſcharp aſſay and ek the Inwart peine
+    Of dowblit wo me neulyng{is} cañ conſtrein,                     36
+    Quhen that I have remembrit one my tho{ch}t
+  [Sidenote: My lady knoweth not how I am wobegone.]
+    How sche, quhois bewte al my harm̅ haith wrocht,
+    Ne knouith not how I ame wo begoñe,                     [Fol. 1b.]
+    Nor how that I ame of hire ſ{er}uand{is} oñe;                   40
+    And in my ſelf I cañ nocht fynde the meyne
+    In to quhat wyß I ſal my wo compleine.
+  [Sidenote: I walked thus in the field, and came to a well-beseen
+  garden.]
+    Thus in the feild I walkith to {and} froo,
+    As tho{ch}tful wicht that felt of no{ch}t bot woo,              44
+    Syne to o gardinge, that weß weil beſeñ,
+    Of quiche the feild was al depaynt w{i}t{h} greñ.
+    The tendyre and the luſty flour{is} new
+    Up thrōue the greñ vpone thar ſtalk{is} grew                    48
+    Aȝhane the ſone, and thare levis ſpred,
+    Quharw{i}t{h} that al the gardinge was I-clede;
+    That pryapus, in to his tyme before,
+    In o luſtear walkith nevir more;                                52
+  [Sidenote: It was closely environed with leaves.]
+    And al about enweronyt and Icloſit
+    One ſich o wyß, that none w{i}t{h}in ſuppoſit
+    Fore to be ſeñ w{i}t{h} ony vicht thare owt;
+    So dide the levis cloſ it[T1] all about.                        56
+    Thar was the flour, thar was the queñ alpheſt,[T2]
+    Ry{ch}t wering being of the ny{ch}t{is} reſt,
+    Wncloſi{n}g gañe the crownel for the day;
+  [Sidenote: The sun illumined the sprays;]
+    The bry{ch}t ſone illumynit haith the ſpray,                    60
+    The ny{ch}t{is} ſobir ande the moſt ſchowr{is},
+    As criſtoll terys w{i}t{h}hong vpone the flour{is},
+    Haith vpwarpith In the luſty aire,
+    The morow makith soft, ameyne, and faire;                       64
+  [Sidenote: the birds sang till the woods resounded;]
+    And the byrd{is} thar my{ch}ty voce out-throng,
+    Quhill al the wood reſonite of thar ſonge,
+    That gret confort till ony vicht It wer
+    That pleſſith thame of luſtenes to here.                        68
+    Bot gladneß til the tho{ch}tful, eu{er} mo
+    The more he ſeith, the more he haith of wo.
+  [Sidenote: the garden was adorned with flowers.]
+
+      [Footnote T1: MS. “cloſit.”]
+      [Footnote T2: May we read “alcest”?]
+
+[Headnote: HE SEES A VISION OF A GREEN BIRD.]
+
+    Thar was the garding w{i}t{h} the flour{is} ourfret,
+    Quich is in poſy fore my lady set,                              72
+    That hire Repreſent to me oft befor,
+    {And} thane alſo; thus al day gan be ſor[T3]
+    Of tho{ch}t my goſt w{i}t{h} torment occupy,                    75
+    That I becam̅e In to one exaſy,                           [Fol. 2.]
+    Ore ſlep, or how I wot; bot ſo befell
+    My wo haith done my livis goſt expell,
+    And in ſich wiß weil long I can endwr,
+    So me betid o wondir aventur.                                   80
+  [Sidenote: I fell there into an ecstasy or sleep,
+  and saw in my dream a green bird, who said:]
+    As I thus lay, Ry{ch}t to my ſpreit vas ſeñ
+    A birde, yat was as ony lawrare greñ,
+    A-licht, and ſayth in to hir bird{is} chere;
+
+      [Footnote T3: MS. “beſor.”]
+
+[Headnote: THE BIRD’S MESSAGE.]
+
+    “O woful wrech, that levis in to were!                          84
+    To ſchew the thus the god of loue me ſent,
+    That of thi ſ{er}uice no thing is content,
+  [Sidenote: “The God of Love is discontent with thee.]
+    For in his court yhoue lewith i{n} diſſpar,
+    And vilfully suſtenis al thi care,                              88
+    And ſchapith no thinge of thine awn remede,
+    Bot clepith ay and cryith apone dede.
+    Yhow callith the bird{is} be morow fro thar bour{is},
+    Yhoue devith boith the erbis and the flour{is},                 92
+    And clepit hyme vnfaithful king of lowe,
+    Yow dewith hyme in to h{is} rigne abufe,
+    Yhow tempith hyme, yhoue doith thi ſelf no gud,
+    Yhoue are o moñ of wit al deſtitude.                            96
+  [Sidenote: You are destitute of wit.]
+    Wot yhoue no{ch}t that al liwis creatwre
+    Haith of thi wo i{n} to h{is} hand the cwre?
+  [Sidenote: Though you call on trees, your lady hears not.]
+    And ſet yhoue clep one erbis and one treis,
+    Sche her{is} not thi wo, nore ȝhit ſche ſeis;                  100
+    For none may know the dirkneß of thi tho{ch}t,
+    Ne blamyth h{er} thi wo ſche knowith no{ch}t.
+    And It is weil accordinge It be so
+    He ſuffir harme, that to redreß h{is} wo                       104
+    Previdith not; for long ore he be ſonde,
+    Holl of his leich, that ſchewith not h{is} vound.
+  [Sidenote: Ovid says it is better to shew, than to conceal love.]
+    And of owid ye autor ſchall yhow knaw
+    Of lufe that ſeith, for to conſel or ſchow,                    108
+    The laſt he clepith althir-beſt of two;
+    And that is ſuth, and ſal be eu{er} mo.
+    And loue alſo haith chargit me to ſay,                         111
+    Set yhoue preſume, ore beleif, ye aſſay                 [Fol. 2b.]
+    Of his ſ{er}uice, as It wil ryne ore go,
+    Preſwme It not, fore It wil not be so;
+    Al magre thine a ſ{er}uand ſchal yow bee.
+  [Sidenote: As touching thine adversity, seek the remedy.”]
+    And as tueching thine adu{er}ſytee,                            116
+    Complen and sek of the ramed, the cwre,
+    Ore, gif yhow likith, furth thi wo endure.”
+    And, as me tho{ch}t, I anſuerde aȝaiñe
+  [Sidenote: Then answered I:]
+    Thus to the byrde, in word{is} ſchort and plane:               120
+    “It ganyth not, as I have harde Recorde,
+    The ſ{er}uand for to diſput w{i}t{h} ye lord;
+  [Sidenote: “Love knows the reason of my wo.”]
+    Bot well he knowith of al my vo the quhy,
+    And in quhat wyß he hath me ſet, quhar I                       124
+    Nore may I not, nore can I not attane,
+    Nore to hir hienes dare I not complane.”
+  [Sidenote: “Fool,” said the bird, “despair not;]
+    “Ful!” q{uo}d the bird, “lat be thi nyß diſpare,
+    For in this erith no lady is ſo fare,                          128
+    So hie eſtat, nore of ſo gret empriß,
+    That in hire ſelf haith viſdome ore gentrice,
+    Yf that o wicht, that worthy is to be
+    Of lovis court, ſchew til hir that he                          132
+    Seruith hire in lovis hartly wyß,
+    That ſchall thar for hyme hating or diſpiß.
+
+[Headnote: SHE BIDS HIM WRITE A POEM.]
+
+  [Sidenote: the God of Love charges thee to speak out your love, or
+  else to write thy plaint;]
+    The god of love thus chargit the, at ſchort,
+    That to thi lady yhoue thi wo Report;                          136
+    Yf yhoue may not, thi plant ſchall yhov vrit.
+    Se, as yhoue cane, be man{er} oft endit
+    In metir, quhich that no ma{n} haith ſuſſpek,
+    Set oft tyme thai contenyng gret effecc;                       140
+    Thus one ſume wyß yhow ſchal thi wo dwclar.
+    And, for thir ſedulis and thir billis are
+    So gen{er}all, and ek ſo ſchort at lyte,
+    And ſwme of thai{m} is loſt the appetit,                       144
+  [Sidenote: write, then, some treatise for her to read;]
+    Sum trety ſchall yhoue for yi lady ſak,
+    That wnkouth is, als tak one hand and mak,
+    Of love, ore armys, or of ſu{m} othir thing,
+    That may hir one to thi Reme{m}bry{n}g brynge;                 148
+    Qwich ſoundith Not one to no hewynes,                    [Fol. 3.]
+    Bot one to gladneß and to luſteneß,
+  [Sidenote: one that may please her and get her thanks.]
+    That yhoue belevis may thi lady pleß,
+    To have hir thonk and be one to hir eß;                        152
+    That ſche may wit in ſ{er}uice yhow art one.
+  [Sidenote: Farewell, and be merry.”]
+    Faire weil,” q{uo}d ſche, “thus ſchal yhow the diſpone,
+    And mak thi ſelf als mery as yhoue may,
+    It helpith not thus fore to wex al way.”                       156
+    W{i}t{h} that, the bird ſche haith hir leif tak,
+  [Sidenote: Thereon I awoke, and wondered what it might mean.]
+    For fere of quich I can onone to wak;
+    Sche was ago, and to my ſelf tho{ch}t I
+    Quhat may yis meyne? quhat may this ſig{n}ify?                 160
+    Is It of troucht, or of Illuſioune?
+
+[Headnote: HE RESOLVES TO DO SO.]
+
+    Bot finaly, as in concluſioune,
+    Be as be may, I ſchal me not discharge,
+    Sen It apperith be of lovis charg;                             164
+    And ek myne hart noñe othir biſſynes
+    Haith bot my ladice ſ{er}uice, as I geß;
+  [Sidenote: I determined to take in hand this occupation.]
+    Among al vther{is} I ſchal one honde tak
+    This litil occupatioune for hire ſak.                          168
+    Bot hyme I pray, the my{ch}ty gode of loue,
+    That ſitith hie in to his ſpir abuf,
+    (At {com}mand of o wyß quhois viſioune
+    My goſt haith takin this opvnioune,)                           172
+    That my lawboure may to my lady pleß
+    And do wnto hir ladeſchip ſu{m} eß,
+    So that my t{ra}uell be no{ch}t tynt, and I
+    Quhat vther{is} ſay ſetith nothing by.                         176
+  [Sidenote: I know it will but hurt my name, when men hear my feeble
+  negligence.]
+    For wel I know that, be this world{is} fam̅e.
+    It ſchal not be bot hurting to my nam̅e,
+    Quhen that thai here my febil negligens,
+    That empit is, and bare of eloquens,                           180
+    Of diſcreſſiou{n}e, and ek of Retoryk;
+    The metire and the cu{n}ing both elyk
+    So fere diſcording frome p{er}fecciou{n}e;
+  [Sidenote: I submit my poem to the correction of the wise;]
+    Q{uhil}k I ſubmyt to the correcciou{n}e                        184
+    Of yai{m} the quhich that is diſcret {and} wyß,
+    And ent{er}it is of loue in the ſ{er}uice;
+    Quhich knouyth that no lovare dare w{i}t{h}ſtonde,      [Fol. 3b.]
+    Quhat loue hyme chargit he mot tak one honde,                  188
+    Deith, or defam̅, or ony man{er} wo;
+    And at this tyme w{i}t{h} me It ſtant ry{ch}t ſo,
+  [Sidenote: for I dare not oppose Love’s command.]
+    As I that dar makine no demande
+    To quhat I wot It lykith loue co{m}mande.                      192
+    Tueching his charg{is}, as w{i}t{h} al deſtitut,
+    W{i}t{h}in my mynd ſchortly I conclud
+    For to fulfyll, for ned I mot do ſo.
+
+[Headnote: HE THINKS OF THE STORY OF LANCELOT.]
+
+  [Sidenote: At last I thought of the story of “Lancelot of the
+  Lake,”]
+
+    Thane in my tho{ch}t rolling to and fro                        196
+    Quhare that I my{hc}t ſu{m} wnkouth mat{er} fynde,
+    Quhill at ye laſt it fell in to my mynd
+    Of o ſtory, that I befor had ſene,
+    That boith of loue and armys can conteñ,                       200
+    Was of o kny{ch}t clepit lancelot of ye laik,
+    The ſone of bane was, king of albanak;
+    Of quhois fame {and} worſchipful dedis
+    Clerk{is} in to diu{er}ß buk{is} red{is},                      204
+  [Sidenote: of whom I here think to write something.]
+    Of quhome I thynk her ſu{m} thing for to writ
+    At louis charge, and as I cane, endit;
+    Set me{n} tharin ſal by exp{er}iens
+    Know my conſait, and al my negligens.                          208
+  [Sidenote: But because my ignorance cannot comprehend the French
+  romance,]
+    Bot for that ſtory is ſo paſing larg,
+    One to my wit It war ſo gret o charg
+    For to tranſlait the romans of that kny{ch}t;
+    It paſſith fare my cu{n}yng and my mycht,                      212
+    Myne Ignorans may It not comp{re}hende;
+
+[Headnote: HE BRIEFLY ENUMERATES / LANCELOT’S EARLY DEEDS.]
+
+  [Sidenote: I shall not tell how he was born;]
+    Quharfor thare one I wil me not depend
+    How he was borne, nor how his fad{er} deid
+    And ek his mod{er}, nore how he was denyed                     216
+    Eft{er} thare deth, p{re}ſumyng he was ded,
+  [Sidenote: nor how he was nourished by the Lady of the Lake;]
+    Of al ye lond, nore how he fra that ſtede
+    In sacret wyß wnwyſt away was tak,
+    And nwriſt w{i}t{h} ye lady of ye lak.                         220
+  [Sidenote: nor how he was brought to Arthur’s court,]
+    Nor, in his ȝouth, think I not to tell
+    The aue{n}tour{is}, quhich to hyme befell;
+    Nor how the lady of the laik hyme had
+    One to the court, quhare that he kny{ch}t was mad;             224
+    None wiſt his nome, nore how that he was tak             [Fol. 4.]
+    By loue, and was Iwondit to the ſtak,
+  [Sidenote: and pierced to the heart by the beauty of Wanore
+  (Guinevere),]
+    And throuch {and} throuch perſit to ye hart,
+    That al his tyme he cout{h} It not aſtart;                     228
+    For thare of loue he ent{er}it in ſ{er}uice,
+    Of wanore throuch the beute and franchis,
+  [Sidenote: for whose service he wrought many wonders;]
+    Throuch quhois ſ{er}uice in armys he has vro{ch}t
+    Mony wond{er}is, and p{er}ell{is} he has socht.                232
+    Nor how he thor, in to his ȝoung curage,
+  [Sidenote: nor how he made a vow to revenge a wounded knight,]
+    Hath maid awoue, and in to louis rage,
+    In the rewenging of o wondit kny{ch}t
+    That cu{m}yne was in to the court that ny{ch}t;                236
+  [Sidenote: who had a broken sword in his head, and a truncheon of
+  a broken spear in his body;]
+    In to his hed a brokin[T4] ſuerd had he,
+    And in his body alſo my{ch}t me{n} see
+    The tronſione of o brokine ſper that was,
+    Quhich no ma{n} out dedenyt to aras;                           240
+    Nor how he haith the wapnis out tak,
+    And his awow apone this wis can mak,
+    That he ſchuld hyme Reweng at h{is} poware
+    One eu{er}y kny{ch}t that louith the hurtare                   244
+    Bett{er} thane hyme, the quhich that vas Iwond.
+    Throw quich awoue in armys hath ben founde
+  [Sidenote: a vow which caused the death of many a wight warrior;]
+    The deth of mo{n}y wereoure ful wicht;[T5]
+
+      [Footnote T4: MS. “abrokin.”]
+      [Footnote T5: The MS. wrongly transposes ll. 247 and 248.]
+
+    For, fro tho wow was knowing of the kny{ch}t,                  248
+    Thare was ful mony o paſage in the londe
+    By me{n} of armys kepit to withſtond
+    This kny{ch}t, of quhome thai ben al set afyre
+    Thai{m} to reweng in armys of deſir.                           252
+  [Sidenote: or how he and Sir Kay were sent to defend the lady of
+  Nohalt;]
+    Nor how that thane in{con}tyne{n}t was ſend
+    He and ſ{ir} kay togidd{er} to defend
+    The lady of nohalt, nor how that hee
+    Gou{er}nit hyme thare, nore in quhat degre.                    256
+    Nor how the gret paſing vaſſolag
+    He eſcheuit, thrōue the outragouß curag,
+  [Sidenote: or how he conquered the Sorrowful Castle;]
+    In conquiryng of the sorowful caſtell.
+    Nor how he paſſith dou{n}e in the cauis fell,                  260
+    And furth ye keys of Inchantme{n}t bro{ch}t,
+    That al diſtroyt quhich that thare vas vro{ch}t.
+  [Sidenote: or how he rescued Sir Gawane and his nine fellows;]
+    Nore howe that he reſkewit ſ{ir} gawane,                [Fol. 4b.]
+    W{i}t{h} h{is} ix falouß in to preſone tane;                   264
+    Nore mony vthere diu{er}ß aduenture,
+    Quhich to report I tak not in my cwre,
+  [Sidenote: nor of the many “assemblies” Gawane held to find out
+  his name;]
+    Nor mony aſſemblay that gawane gart be maid
+    To wit h{is} name; nor how that he hyme hade                   268
+    Wnwiſt, and hath the worſchip {and} empriß;
+    Nor of the kny{ch}t{is} in to mony[T6] diu{er}ß wyß
+    Throuch his awoue that hath thare dethis found;
+
+      [Footnote T6: We should perhaps omit “mony.”]
+
+  [Sidenote: nor of his suffering caused by love’s wound;]
+    Nor of the ſufferans that by louis wounde                      272
+    He in his trawel ſufferith au{er} more;
+    Nor in the quenis p{rese}ns how tharfor
+  [Sidenote: nor how he was nearly drowned at Camelot;]
+    By camelot, in to that gret Revare,
+    He was ner dround. I wil It not declare                        276
+    How that he was in louis hewy tho{ch}t
+  [Sidenote: nor how he was brought to court by Dagenet;]
+    By dagenet in to the court I-bro{ch}t;
+    Nor how the kny{ch}t that tyme he cane p{er}ſew,
+  [Sidenote: nor of the giants he slew at Camelot;]
+    Nor of the gyant{is} by camelot he ſlew;                       280
+    Nor wil I not her tell the man{er} how
+    He ſlew o kny{ch}t, by nat{ur} of his wow,
+  [Sidenote: nor how he slew a knight of Melyholt;]
+    Off melyholt; nore how in to that toune
+    Thar came one hyme o gret confuſione                           284
+    Of pupil {and} [of] kny{ch}t{is}, al enarmyt,
+  [Sidenote: and there defended himself against a crowd;]
+    Nor how he thar haith kepit hyme wnharmyt;
+    Nor of his worſchip, nor of h{is} gret prowes,
+    Nor his defens of armys in the pres.                           288
+  [Sidenote: whereupon the lady of Melyhalt prayed him to yield his
+  sword to her; and kept him in her power.]
+    Nor how the lady of melyhalt y{a}t ſche
+    Came to the feild, and pray[i]th hyme that he
+    As to o lady to hir[T7] his ſuerd hath ȝold,
+    Nor how he was in to hir keping hold;                          292
+
+      [Footnote T7: MS. “his.”]
+
+    And mony vthir nobil deid alſo
+    I wil report quharfor I lat ourgo.
+  [Sidenote: Whoever likes, might make of these things a long story.]
+    For quho thai{m} lykith for to ſpecyfy,
+    Of one of thai{m} my{ch}t mak o gret ſtory;                    296
+    Nor thing I not of his hye renōwn
+    My febil wit to makin menſioune;
+  [Sidenote: But I think to tell of the wars between Arthur and
+  Galiot;]
+    Bot of the wer{is} that was ſcharp {and} ſtrong,
+    Richt p{er}ellouß, and hath enduryt long,                      300
+    Of Arthur In defending of his lond                       [Fol. 5.]
+    Frome galiot, ſone of the fair gyonde,
+    That bro{ch}t of kny{ch}t{is} o paſing confluens;
+  [Sidenote: wherein Lancelot won renown by his defence of Arthur;]
+    And how lancelot of arthur{is} hol defens                      304
+    And of the ver{is} berith the renowñ;
+    And how he be the wais of fortou{n}e
+  [Sidenote: and at last made peace between the two princes.]
+    Tuex the two princ{is} makith the accorde,
+    Of al there mortall wer{is} to concorde;                       308
+  [Sidenote: I shall also tell how Venus rewarded him.]
+    And how that venus, ſiting hie abuf,
+    Reuardith hyme of trauell in to loue,
+    And makith hyme his ladice grace to have,
+    And thankfully his ſ{er}uice cane reſave;                      312
+    This is the mat{er} quhich I think to tell.
+    Bot ſtil he mot ry{ch}t w{i}t{h} the lady duell,
+    Quhill tyme cu{m} eft that we ſchal of hy{m} ſpek.
+  [Sidenote: My summary must end for the present.]
+    This p{ro}ceß [now] mot cloſine beñ and ſtek;                  316
+    And furth I wil one to my mat{er} go.
+
+[Headnote: THE DEDICATION.]
+
+  [Sidenote: But I pray for the support of a very great poet,]
+    Bot first I pray, and I beſek also,
+    One to the moſt conpilour to ſupport,
+    Flour of poyet{is}, quhois nome I wil report                   320
+    To me nor to noñ vthir It accordit,
+  [Sidenote: whose name I may not mention;]
+    In to our rymyng his nam̅ to be recordit;
+    For ſum ſuld deme It of preſumpſioune,
+  [Sidenote: for our riming is but derision, when his excellence is
+  remembered.]
+    And ek our rymyng is al bot deryſioune,                        324
+    Quhen that reme{m}brit is his excellens,
+    So hie abuf that ſtant in reu{er}ans.
+    Ye freſch enditing of h{is} laiting toung
+  [Sidenote: The world knows his eloquence in inditing Latin;]
+    Out throuch yis world ſo wid is yroung,                        328
+    Of eloquens, and ek of retoryk;
+    Nor is, nor was, nore neu{er} beith hyme lyk,
+  [Sidenote: and none can ever gladden the world like him:]
+    This world gladith of h{is} ſuet poetry.
+    His ſaul I blyß conſeruyt be for-thy;                          332
+  [Sidenote: to him be the thanks for my success.]
+    And yf that ony lusty terme I wryt
+    He haith the thonk y{er}of, {and} this endit.
+
+EXPLICIT P{RO}LOG{US}, ET INCIPIT P{RI}M{US} LIBER.
+
+
+[Headnote: ARTHUR AT CARLISLE.]
+
+[BOOK I.]
+
+  [Sidenote: When Titan, being in Aries, had apparelled the fields,]
+    ++Quhen [that] tytan, withe his lusty heit,             [Fol. 5b.]
+    Twenty dais In to the aryeit                                   336
+    Haith maid his courß, and all with diu{er}ß hewis
+    Aparalit haith the feldis and the bewis;
+  [Sidenote: and birds began to make their bowers;]
+    The bird{is} amyd the erbis {and} the flour{is},
+    And one the branchis, makyne gone thar bour{is},               340
+    And be the morow ſinging in ther chere
+    Welcum to the luſty ſeſſone of the ȝere.
+    In to this tyme the worthi conqueroure
+  [Sidenote: king Arthur was at Carlisle.]
+    Arthure, wich had of al this worlde the floure                 344
+    Of cheuelry auerding to his crown,
+    So paſing war his kny{ch}t{is} in renoune,
+    Was at carlill; and hapy{n}nit ſo that hee
+    Soiornyt well long in that faire cuntree.                      348
+  [Sidenote: His knights, hearing of no adventure, were annoyed.]
+    In to whilk tyme In to the court thai heire
+    None awenture, for wich the knyght{is} weire
+    Anoit all at the abiding thare.
+    For-why, beholding one the ſobir ayre                          352
+    And of the tyme the paſing luſtynes,
+    Can ſo thir knyghtly hart{is} to encreß,
+  [Sidenote: They therefore sent Sir Kay to pray the king to go to
+  Camelot.]
+    That thei ſhir kay one to the king haith ſende,
+    Beſeiching hyme he wold wichſaif to wende                      356
+    To camelot the Cetee, whare that thei
+    Ware wont to heryng of armys day be day.
+    The king forſuth, heryng thare entent,
+    To thare deſir, be ſchort awyſment,                            360
+  [Sidenote: The king proposed to do so on the morrow.]
+    Ygrantid haith; and ſo the king p{ro}ponit
+    And for to pas hyme one[T8] the morne diſponit.
+
+      [Footnote T8: MS. “to pas one hyme one,” with first “one”
+      lightly crossed out.]
+
+[Headnote: ARTHUR’S TWO DREAMS.]
+
+    Bot ſo befell hyme [on] that nycht to meit
+    An aperans, the wich one to his ſpreit                         364
+  [Sidenote: That night he dreamt that his hair all fell off;]
+    It ſemyth that of al his hed ye hore
+    Of fallith and maid deſolat; wharfore
+    The king therof was pensyve in his mynd,
+    That al the day he couth no reſting fynde,                     368
+  [Sidenote: which made him delay his journey.]
+    Wich makith hyme his Iorneye to delaye.
+    And ſo befell apone the thrid day,
+    The bricht ſone, paſing in the weſt,
+    Haith maid his courß, and al thing goith to Reſt;              372
+  [Sidenote: Again he dreamt, that his bowels fell out, and lay beside
+  him.]
+    The king, ſo as the ſtory can dewyß,
+    He thoght aȝeine, apone the ſamyne wyß,
+    His vombe out fallith vith his hoil syde                 [Fol. 6.]
+    Apone the ground, {and} liging hyme beſid;                     376
+    Throw wich anon out of his ſlep he ſtert,
+    Abaſit and adred in to his hart.
+  [Sidenote: He told the queen, who answered, “No man should respect
+  vain dreams.”]
+    The wich be morow one to the qwen he told,
+    And ſhe aȝeine to hyme haith anſuer ȝolde;                     380
+    “To dremys, ſ{ir}, ſhuld no man have Reſpek,
+    For thei ben thing{is} weyn, of non affek.”
+    “Well,” q{uo}d the king, “god grant It ſo befall!”
+
+[Headnote: HE SENDS FOR HIS CLERKS.]
+
+  [Sidenote: The king next shewed his dream to a clerk,]
+    Arly he roß, and gert one to hyme call                         384
+    O clerk, to whome that al his hewynes
+    Tweching his drem ſhewith he expreß,
+  [Sidenote: who said, “Sir, such things testify nothing.”]
+    Wich anſuer yaf and ſeith one to the kinge;
+    “Shir, no Record lyith to ſuch thing;                          388
+    Wharfor now, ſhir, I praye yow tak no kep,
+    Nore traiſt in to the vanyteis of slep;
+    For thei are thing{is} that aſkith no credens,
+    But cauſith of ſum maner influe{n}s,                           392
+    Empriß of thoght, ore ſup{er}fleuytee,
+    Or than ſum othir caſualytee.”
+  [Sidenote: “Yet,” replied he, “I shall not leave it so.”]
+    “Ȝit,” q{uo}d the king, “I ſal no{ch}t leif It so;”
+    And furth he chargit meſinger{is} to go                        396
+    Throgh al his Realm, w{i}t{h}outen more demande,
+  [Sidenote: He bade all the bishops and clergy come to Camelot
+  within twenty days.]
+    And bad them ſtratly at thei ſhulde comande
+    All the biſhopes, and makyng no delay
+    The ſhuld appere be the tuenty day                             400
+    At camelot, with al thar hol clergy
+    That moſt expert war, for to certefye
+    A mat{er} tueching to his goſt be nyght;
+    The meſag goith furth with the l{ett}res Right.                404
+
+    ++The king eft ſone, w{i}t{h}in a litill ſpace,
+    His Iornay makith haith frome place to place,
+  [Sidenote: He goes to Camelot, and finds the clerks assembled.]
+    Whill that he cam to camelot; and there
+    The clerk{is} all, as that the chargit were,                   408
+    Aſſemblit war, and came to his preſens,
+    Of his deſir to viting the ſentens.
+    To them that war to hyme moſt ſpeciall
+    Furth his entent ſhauyth he al hall;                           412
+  [Sidenote: He discloses all to the ten that are most expert,]
+    By whois conſeil, of the worthieſt
+    He cheſith ten, yclepit for the beſt,
+    And moſt expert and wiſeſt was ſuppoſit,                       415
+    To qwhome his drem all hail he haith diſcloſſit;        [Fol. 6b.]
+    The houre, the nyght, and al the c{er}cumſtans;
+  [Sidenote: and beseeches them to explain the dreams.]
+    Beſichyne them that the ſignifycans
+    Thei wald hyme ſhaw, that he my{ch}t reſting fynde
+    Of It, the wich that occupeid his mynde.                       420
+  [Sidenote: One of them asks for nine days to advise upon the
+  matter.]
+    And one of them with[T9] al ther holl aſſent
+    Saith, “ſhire, fore to declare our entent
+    Vpone this matere, ye wil ws delay
+    Fore to awyſing one to the ix day.”                            424
+    The king ther-to grantith haith, bot hee
+  [Sidenote: The king complies, but shuts them up in a strong place.]
+    In to o place, that ſtrong was and hye,
+    He cloſith them, whare thei may no whare get,
+    Vn to the day, the wich he to them set.                        428
+    Than goith the clerk{is} ſadly to awyß
+    Of this mat{er}, to ſeing in what wyß
+    The king{is} drem thei ſhal beſt ſpecefy.
+  [Sidenote: The masters of astronomy fetch their books,]
+    And than the maiſtris of aſtronomy                             432
+    The book{is} longyne to ther artis set;[T10]
+    Not was the buk{is} of arachell forget,
+    Of nembrot, of danȝhelome, thei two,
+    Of moyſes, {and} of herynes all soo;                           436
+  [Sidenote: and calculate the disposition of the planets.]
+    And ſeking be ther calcolaciou{n}e
+    To fynd the planet{is} diſpoſiciou{n}e,
+    The wich thei fond ware wond{er} ewill yſet
+    The ſamyne nyght the king his ſweuen met.                      440
+
+      [Footnote T9: MS. “saith with” (with a very slight scratch
+      through “saith”).]
+      [Footnote T10: So in MS. Read “fet.”]
+
+[Headnote: THEY REFUSE TO EXPLAIN THEM.]
+
+    So ner the point ſocht thei have the thing,
+  [Sidenote: They found the matter heavy for the king, and doubted if
+  they should tell him so.]
+    Thei fond It wond{er} hewy to the king,
+    Of wich thing thei waryng in to were
+    To ſhew the king, for dreid of his danger.                     444
+    Of ane accorde thei planly haue p{ro}ponit
+    No worde to ſhow, and ſo thei them diſponit.
+  [Sidenote: Being sent for,]
+    The day is cu{m}yng, and he haith fore them ſent,
+    Beſichyne them to ſhewing ther entent.                         448
+  [Sidenote: they all spake, “Sir, we can find no evidence.”]
+    Than ſpak they all, and that of an accorde;
+    “Shir, of this thing we can no thing Recorde,
+    For we can noght fynd in til our ſciens
+    Tweching this mater ony ewydens.”                              452
+  [Sidenote: “Ere we part,” quoth the king, “ye shall witness
+  something.”]
+    “Now,” q{uo}d the king, “and be the glorius lorde,
+    Or we depart ye ſhall ſum thing recorde;
+    So pas yhe not, nor ſo It ſall not bee.”
+    “Than,” q{uo}d the clerk{is}, “grant ws dais three.”           456
+  [Sidenote: He grants them three days more.]
+    The wich he grantid them, and but delay,                 [Fol. 7.]
+    The term paſſith, no thing wold the ſay,
+    Wharof the king ſtondith heuy cherith,
+    And to the clerk{is} his viſag ſo apperith,                    460
+    That all thei dred them of the king{is} myght.
+  [Sidenote: They pray for a further delay of three days.]
+    Than ſaith o clerk, “s{ir}, as the thrid nyght
+    Ye dremyt, ſo [now] giffis ws delay
+    The thrid tyme, and to the thrid day.”                         464
+    By whilk tyme thei fundyng haith the ende
+    Of this mater, als far as ſhal depend
+    To ther ſciens; yit can thei not awyß
+    To ſchewing to the king be ony wyß.                            468
+  [Sidenote: They still refuse to declare their thought.]
+    The day is cum, the king haith them beſocht,
+    But one no wyß thei wald declar ther thoght;
+    Than was he wroth in to his ſelf and noyt,
+  [Sidenote: The king vows to destroy them;]
+    And maid his wow that thei ſhal[T11] ben diſtroyt.             472
+    His baronis he co{m}mandit to gar tak
+    Fyve of them one to the fir-ſtak,
+    And vther fyue be to the gibbot tone;
+    And the furth w{i}t{h} the king{is} charg ar gone.             476
+  [Sidenote: but secretly charges his knights not to harm them.]
+    He bad them in to ſecret wyß that thei
+    Shud do no harm, but only them aßey.
+    The clark{is}, dredful of the king{is} Ire,
+    And ſaw the p{er}ell of deth and of the fyre,                  480
+    Fyve, as thei can, has grantit to record;
+    That vther herde and ben of ther accorde;
+    And al thei ben yled one to the king,
+  [Sidenote: They yield at last, and say,]
+    And ſhew hyme thus as tueching of this thing.                  484
+
+      [Footnote T11: MS. “ſhat.”]
+
+[Headnote: INTERPRETATION OF THE DREAMS.]
+
+    “Shir, ſen that we conſtrenyt ar by myght
+    To ſhaw that wich[T12] we knaw no thing aricht;
+    For thing to cum preſeruith It allan
+    To hyme the wich is euery thing c{er}tañ,                      488
+    Excep the thing that til our knawleg hee
+    Hath ordynat of certan for to bee;
+    Therfor, ſhir king, we your magnificens
+    Beſeich It turne till ws to non offens,                        492
+  [Sidenote: “Hold us not as liars, though it happen not as we say.]
+    Nor hald was no{ch}t as lear{is}, thoght It fall
+    Not in this mat{er}, as that we telen ſhall.”
+    And that the king haith grantit them, {and} thei
+    Has chargit one, that one this wiß ſall ſeye.                  496
+    “Preſumyth, ſhir, that we have fundyne so;
+  [Sidenote: You must forego all earthly honour;]
+    All erdly honore ye nedis[T13] moſt for-go,
+  [Sidenote: and those on whom you most rely, will fail you.”]
+    And them the wich ye moſt affy in-tyll                  [Fol. 7b.]
+    Shal failye ȝow, magre of ther will;                           500
+    And thus we haue in to this matere founde.”
+    The king, quhois hart was al wyth dred ybownd,
+    And aſkit at the clerk{is}, if thei fynde
+    By there clergy, that ſtant i{n} ony kynde                     504
+  [Sidenote: The king asks if his destiny can be altered.]
+    Of poſſibilitee, fore to reforme
+    His deſteny, that ſtud in ſuch a forme;
+    If in the hewyne Is preordynat
+    On ſuch o wiß his honor to tranſlat.                           508
+    The clerk{is} ſaith, “forſuth, and we haue ſene
+  [Sidenote: They reply, that the matter is dark.]
+    O thing whar-of, if we the trouth ſhal meñ,
+    Is ſo obſcure and dyrk til our clergye,
+    That we wat not what It ſhal ſignefye,                         512
+    Wich cauſith ws we can It not furth ſay.”
+    “Yis,” q{uo}d the king, “as lykith yow ye may,
+    For wers than this can nat be ſaid for me.”
+
+      [Footnote T12: MS. “wich that.”]
+      [Footnote T13: MS. “nediſt;” but see l. 518.]
+
+[Headnote: THE CLERKS GIVE MYSTERIOUS ADVICE.]
+
+  [Sidenote: A master says, there is no help but in the true watery
+  lion, and in the leech, and in the flower.]
+    Thane ſaith o maiſtir, “than ſuthly th{us} finde we;           516
+    Thar is no thing ſal ſucour nor reſkew,
+    Your worldly honore nedis moſt adew,
+    But throuch the watrye lyone {and} ek fyne,
+    On throuch the liche {and} ek the wattir ſyne,                 520
+  [Sidenote: God knows what this should mean.]
+    And throuch the conſeill of the flour; god wot
+    What this ſhude meñ, for mor ther-of we not.”
+    No word the king anſuerid ayane,
+    For al this reſone thinkith bot i{n} weyne.                    524
+  [Sidenote: The king shews no outward grief,]
+    He ſhawith outwart his contenans
+    As he therof takith no greuans;
+  [Sidenote: but is not rid of anxiety all night.]
+    But al the nyght it paſſid nat his thoght.
+    The dais courß w{i}t{h} ful deſir he ſocht,                    528
+    And furth he goith to bring his mynd i{n} reſt
+  [Sidenote: Next day he goes to the forest.]
+    W{i}t{h} mony O knyght vn to the gret foreſt;
+    The rachis gon wn-copelit for the deire,
+    That in the wodis makith nois {and} cheir:                     532
+    The knycht{is}, w{i}t{h} the grewhund{is} in aweit,
+    Secith boith the planis and the ſtreit.
+  [Sidenote: The chase.]
+    Doune goith the hart, doune goith the hynd alſo;
+    [In to the feld can ruſching to and fro][T14]                  536
+    The ſwift grewhund, hardy of aſſay;
+    Befor ther hedis no thing goith away.
+    The king of hunting takith haith his ſport,
+  [Sidenote: The king returns.]
+    And to his palace home he can Reſort,                          540
+    Ayan the noon; and as that he was set
+  [Sidenote: As they sit at meat, an aged knight enters, fully armed.]
+    Vith all his noble knyght{is} at the met,                [Fol. 8.]
+    So cam ther in an agit knyght, {and} hee
+    Of gret eſſtat ſemyt for to bee;                               544
+    Anarmyt all, as tho It was the gyß,
+    And thus the king he ſaluſt, one this wiß,
+
+      [Footnote T14: A line must here be lost, but there is nothing
+      to shew this in the MS. The inserted line is imitated from
+      l. 3293.]
+
+[Headnote: GALIOT’S MESSAGE.]
+
+  [Sidenote: The knight’s message is that king Galiot bids Arthur to
+  yield to him his kingdom.]
+    ++“Shir king, one to yow am y ſende
+    Frome the worthieſt that i{n} world is kend,                   548
+    That leuyth now of his tyme and age,
+    Of manhed, wiſdome, {and} of hie curag,
+    Galiot, ſone of the fare gyande;
+    And thus, at ſhort, he bid{is} yow your londe                  552
+    Ye yald hyme our, w{i}t{h}out Impedyment;
+    Or of hyme holde, and if tribut and rent.
+    This is my charge at ſhort, whilk if youe leſt
+    For to fulfill, of al he haith conqueſt                        556
+    He ſais that he moſt tendir ſhal youe hald.”
+
+[Headnote: ARTHUR DEFIES GALIOT.]
+
+  [Sidenote: The king refuses.]
+    By ſhort awys the king his anſuer yald;
+    “Shir kny{ch}t, your lorde wondir hie pretendis,
+    When he to me ſic ſalutatioune send{is};                       560
+    For I as yit, in tymys that ar gone,
+    Held neu{er} lond excep of god alone,
+    Nore neu{er} thinkith til erthly lord to yef
+    Trybut nor rent, als long as I may lef.”                       564
+  [Sidenote: The knight replies, that his lord bids him defiance, and
+  will invade his land in a month;]
+    “Well,” q{uo}d the kny{ch}t, “ful ſor repentith me;
+    Non may reciſt the thing the wich mone bee.
+    To yow, ſ{ir} king, than frome my lord am I
+    With diffyans ſent, and be this reſone why;                    568
+    His purpos Is, or this day moneth day,
+    With all his oſt, planly to aſſay
+    Your lond, w{i}t{h} mony ma{n}ly man of were,
+  [Sidenote: not to return till he has conquered;]
+    And helmyt kny{ch}t{is}, boith with ſheld {and} ſpere;         572
+    And neu{er} thinkith to retwrn home whill
+    That he this lond haith conqueſt at his will;
+  [Sidenote: and he intends to possess queen Vanour.]
+    And ek vanour the quen, of whome that hee
+    Herith report of al this world that ſhee                       576
+    In fairhed and in wertew doith excede,
+    He bad me ſay he think{is} to poſſede.”
+  [Sidenote: Arthur returns his defiance.]
+    “Schir,” q{uod} the king, “your meſag me behuf{is}
+    Of reſone and of curtaſy excuſß;                               580
+    But tueching to your lord {and} to his oſt,
+    His powar [and] his meſag and his boſt,
+    That pretendith my lond for to diſtroy,
+    Thar-of as ȝit tak I non anoye;                                584
+    And ſay your lord one my behalf, when hee               [Fol. 8b.]
+    Haith tone my lond, that al the world ſhal see
+    That It ſhal be magre myne entent.”
+  [Sidenote: The knight departs, lamenting Arthur’s adventurous
+  spirit.]
+    With that the kny{ch}t, w{i}t{h}outen leif, is went,           588
+    And richt as he was paſing to the dure,
+    He ſaith, “a gode![T15] what wykyt aduenture
+    Apperith!” w{i}t{h} that his hors he nome,
+    Two knicht{is} kepit, waiting h{is} outcome.                   592
+
+      [Footnote T15: MS. “agod^e.”]
+
+    The kni{ch}t is gon, the king he gan Inquere
+    At gawan, and at other kny{ch}t{is} sere,
+  [Sidenote: Arthur asks Gawane who Galiot is.]
+    If that thei knew or eu{er} hard recorde
+    Of galiot, and wharof he wes lorde;                            596
+    And ther was non among his kny{ch}t{is} all
+    Which anſuerd o word in to the hall.
+    Than galygantynis of walys raſe,
+  [Sidenote: Galygantynis of Wales replies,]
+    That trauelit in diu{er}ß lond{is} has,                        600
+    In mony kny{ch}tly aue{n}tur haith ben;
+    And to the king he ſaith, “ſ{ir}, I haue sen
+    Galiot, which is the fareſt kny{ch}t,
+  [Sidenote: that Galiot is the tallest knight by half a foot of all
+  he ever saw; that he is wise, liberal, humble,]
+    And hieſt be half a fut one hycht,                             604
+    That eu{er} I saw, and ek his me{n} accordith;
+    Hyme lakid no{ch}t that to a lord recordith.
+    For viſare of his ag is non than hee,
+    And ful of larges and humylytee;                               608
+  [Sidenote: courageous, and under xxiv years of age.]
+    An hart he haith of paſing hie curag,
+    And is not xxiiij ȝer of age,
+    And of his tyme mekil haith conquerit;
+  [Sidenote: Ten kings obey him.]
+    Ten king{is} at his {com}mand ar ſterit.                       612
+    He v{i}t{h} his me{n} ſo louit is, y geß,
+    That hyme to pleß is al ther beſynes.
+    Not ſay I this, ſ{ir}, in to ye entent
+    That he, nor none wnd{er} the firmame{n}t,                     616
+    Shal pouere haue ayane your maieſtee;
+    And or thei ſhuld, this y ſey for mee,
+    Rather I ſhall kny{ch}tly in to feild
+    Reſaue my deith anarmyt wnd{er} ſheld.                         620
+    This ſpek y leſt;”--the king, ayan the morn,
+  [Sidenote: The king goes again to the chase.]
+    Haith varnit huntar{is} baith with hund {and} horne,
+    And arly gan one to the foreſt ryd,
+    With mony manly knyght{is} by h{is} ſid,                       624
+    Hyme for to ſport and comfort w{i}t{h} the dere,
+    Set contrare was the ſeſone of y^e yere.
+  [Sidenote: He likes boar-hunting best.]
+    His moſt huntyng was atte wyld bore;
+    God wot a luſtye cuntree was It thoore,             628  [Fol. 9.]
+    In the ilk tyme! weil long this noble king
+    In to this lond haith maid his ſuiornyng;
+
+[Headnote: THE LADY OF MELYHALT’S MESSAGE.]
+
+  [Sidenote: A messenger comes from the lady of Melyhalt,]
+    Frome the lady was send o meſinger
+    Of melyhalt, wich ſaith one this maner,                        632
+    As that the ſtory ſhewith by recorde:
+
+    ++“TO yow, ſ{ir} king, as to hir ſou{er}an lorde,
+    My lady hath me chargit for to ſay
+    How that your lond ſtondith i{n} affray;                       636
+  [Sidenote: to say that Galiot has entered Arthur’s land,]
+    For galiot, ſone of the fare gyande,
+    Enterit Is by armys in your land,
+    And ſo the lond and cuntre he anoyth,
+    That quhar he goith planly he diſtroyth,                       640
+    And makith al obeiſand to his honde,
+  [Sidenote: and has conquered all but two castles belonging to his
+  mistress.]
+    That nocht is left wnconqueſt i{n} that lond,
+    Excep two caſtell{is} longing to hir cwre,
+    Wich to defend ſhe may no{ch}t long endure.                    644
+    Wharfor, ſ{ir}, in word{is} plan {and} ſhort,
+    Ye mon diſpone your folk for to ſupport.”
+
+[Headnote: ARTHUR’S READINESS FOR WAR.]
+
+  [Sidenote: The king promises not to delay, and inquires the number
+  of the foe.]
+    “Wel,” q{uod} the king, “one to thi lady ſay
+    The neid is myne, I fall It not delay;                         648
+    But what folk ar thei ne{m}myt for to bee,
+    That in my lond is cu{m}yne in ſich degree?”
+  [Sidenote: “A hundred thousand,” is the reply.]
+    “An hundreth thouſand boith vith ſheld {and} ſpere
+    On hors ar armyt, al redy for the were.”                       652
+    “Wel,” q{uo}d the king, “and but delay this ny{ch}t,
+    Or than to morn as that the day is lycht,
+  [Sidenote: The king says he will set off that very night.]
+    I ſhal remuf; ther ſhal no thing me mak
+    Impedyme{n}t, my Iorney for to tak.”                           656
+    Than ſeith his kny{ch}t{is} al w{i}t{h} one aſſent,
+  [Sidenote: His knights advise him to wait till he has raised an
+  army.]
+    “Shir, that is al contrare our entent;
+    For to your folk this mater is wnwiſt,
+    And ye ar here our few for to reciſt                           660
+    Ȝone power, and youre cuntre to defende;
+    Tharfor abid, and for your folk ye send,
+    That lyk a king and lyk a weriour
+    Ye may ſuſten in armys your honoure.”                          664
+    “Now,” q{uod} the king, “no langer that I ȝeme
+    My crowne, my ſepture, nor my dyademe,
+    Frome that I here, ore frome I wnd{er}ſtand,
+    That ther by fors be entrit in my land                         668
+    Men of armys, by ſtrenth of vyolens,
+  [Sidenote: He refuses to wait longer than till the morrow.]
+    If that I mak abid or reſydens
+    In to o place langar than o ny{ch}t,
+    For to defend my cuntre {and} my ry{ch}t.”                     672
+    The king that day his meſage haith furth sent           [Fol. 9b.]
+    Throuch al his realme, and ſyne to reſt is went.
+
+    ++Up goith the morow, wp goith the bry{ch}t day,
+    Wp goith the sone in to his freſh aray;                        676
+    Richt as he ſpred his bemys frome northeſt,
+  [Sidenote: The king arises next morning without delay,]
+    The king wpraß w{i}t{h}outen more areſt,
+    And by his awn conſeil and entent
+    His Iornaye tuk at ſhort awyſment.                             680
+    And but dulay he goith frome place to place
+    Whill that he cam nere whare[T16] the lady was,
+  [Sidenote: and reaches a plain by the river side,]
+    And in one plane, apone o reuer ſyde,
+    He lichtit doune, and ther he can abide;                       684
+    And yit w{i}t{h} hyme to batell fore to go
+  [Sidenote: having only seven thousand with him.]
+    Vij thousand fechter{is} war thei, {and} no mo.
+
+      [Footnote T16: MS. “whare that,” with slight scratch through
+      “that.”]
+
+  [Sidenote: Lancelot, having been imprisoned by the lady of
+  Melyhalt,]
+    ++This was the lady, of qwhome befor I tolde,
+    That lancilot haith in to hir kepinge holde;                   688
+    But for to tell his paſing hewyneſſe,
+    His peyne, his ſorow, and his gret diſtreſſe
+    Of preſone and of loues gret ſuppris,
+    It war to long to me for to dewys.                             692
+    When he reme{m}brith one his hewy charge
+    Of loue, wharof he can hyme not diſcharge,
+    He wepith and he ſorowith in his chere,
+    And euery nyght ſemyth hyme o yere.                            696
+    Gret peite was the ſorow that he maad,
+  [Sidenote: laments his fate.]
+    And to hyme-ſelf apone this wiß he ſaade:
+
+[Headnote: LANCELOT’S LAMENT.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Lancelot’s lament; his pleasure is gone;]
+    ++“Qwhat haue y gilt, allace! or qwhat deſ{er}uit?
+    That thus myne hart ſhal vondit ben {and} carwit               700
+      One by the ſuord of double peine and wo?
+      My comfort and my pleſans is ago,
+    To me is nat that ſhuld me glaid reſeruit.
+
+  [Sidenote: he curses his natal day;]
+    I curß the tyme of myne Natiuitee,                             704
+    Whar in the heuen It ordinyd was for me,
+      In all my lyue neu{er} til haue eeß;
+      But for to be example of diſeß,
+    And that apperith that eu{er}y vicht may see.                  708
+
+  [Sidenote: he has never spent a single day free from anxiety,]
+    Sen thelke tyme that I had ſufficians
+    Of age, and chargit thoght{is} ſufferans,
+      Nor neu{er} I {con}tinewite haith o day
+      With-out the payne of thoght{is} hard aſſay;                 712
+    Thus goith my youth in tempeſt {and} penans.
+
+  [Sidenote: and is now in prison; and invokes Death.]
+    And now my body is In preſone broght;
+    But of my wo, that in Regard is noght,                  [Fol. 10.]
+      The wich myne hart felith euer more.                         716
+      O deth, allace! whi hath yow me forbore
+    That of remed haith the ſo long beſoght!”
+
+  [Sidenote: Thus the smart of love’s sorrow pricketh him.
+  He is kept by her from the exercise of knighthood;
+  and there we let him dwell.]
+    Thus neu{er}emore he ſeſith to compleine,
+    This woful knyght that felith not bot peine;                   720
+    So prekith hyme the ſmert of loues ſore,
+    And eu{er}y day encreſſith more and more.
+    And with this lady takine is alſo,
+    And kepit whar he may no whare go                              724
+    To haunt knychthed, the wich he moſt deſirit;
+    And, thus his hart w{i}t{h} dowbil wo yfirite,
+    We lat hyme duel here with the lady ſtill,
+    Whar he haith laiſere for to compleine his fyll.               728
+
+[Headnote: GALIOT BESIEGES A CASTLE.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Meanwhile, Galiot besieged a castle.]
+    ++And galiot in this meyne tyme he laie
+    By ſtrong myght o caſtell to aſſay,
+    With many engyne and diu{er}ß wais ſere,
+    For of fute folk he had a gret powere                          732
+    That bowis bur, and vther Inſtrument{is},
+  [Sidenote: His army had pavilions, tents, and iron-wheeled
+  chariots.]
+    And with them lede ther palȝonis {and} ther te{n}t{is},
+    With mony o ſtrong chariot and cher
+    With yrne qwhelis and barris long {and} ſqwar;                 736
+    Well ſtuffit with al maner apparell
+    That longith to o ſege or to batell;
+    Whar-with his oſt was cloſit al about,
+    That of no ſtrenth nedith hyme to dout.                        740
+  [Sidenote: When he heard of Arthur’s coming,]
+    And when he hard the cu{m}yne of the king,
+    And of his oſt, and of his gaderyng,
+    The wich he reput but of febil myght
+    Ayanis hyme for to ſuſten the ficht,                           744
+    His conſell holl aſſemblit he, but were,
+  [Sidenote: he assembled his council,]
+    Ten knight{is} with other lord{is} ſere,
+    And told theme of the cu{m}ing of the king,
+    And aſkit them there conſell of that thing.                    748
+  [Sidenote: who thought it would degrade him, to fight in proper
+  person against so few.]
+    Hyme thoght that it his worſchip wold degrade,
+    If he hyme ſelf in p{ro}pir p{er}ſone raide
+    Enarmyt ayane ſo few menye
+    As It was told arthur[{is}] fore to bee;                       752
+    And thane the kyng-An-hund{er}eth-kny{ch}t{is} cold,
+    (And ſo he hot, for neu{er}more he wolde
+    Ryd of his lond, but In his cu{m}pany
+    O hundyre knyght{is} ful of chiuellry).                        756
+
+[Headnote: PREPARATION FOR THE BATTLE.]
+
+  [Sidenote: The king of a hundred knights (Maleginis) undertakes
+  the exploit;]
+    He ſaith, “shir, ande I one hond [may] tak,            [Fol. 10b.]
+    If It you pleß, this Iorney ſhal I mak.”
+    Quod galiot, “I grant It yow, but ye
+    Shal firſt go ryd, yone kny{ch}t{is} oſt {and} see.”           760
+    With-outen more he ridith our the plan,
+    And ſaw the oſt and is returnyd ayañ;
+    And callit them mo than he hade ſen, for why
+    He dred the reprefe of his cumpany.                            764
+  [Sidenote: who reconnoitres Arthur’s host, and says it is 10,000
+  strong: whereon Galiot charges him to take the same number.]
+    And to his lord apone this wys ſaith hee,
+    “Shir, ten thouſand y ges them for to bee.”
+    And galiot haith chargit hyme to tak
+    Als fell folk, and for the feld hyme mak.                      768
+    And ſo he doith and haith them wel Arayt;
+    Apone the morne his banaris war diſplayt.
+
+    ++Up goth the trumpet{is} with the clariou{ni}s,
+    Ayaine the feld blawen furth ther ſownis,                      772
+  [Sidenote: Galiot’s host set out.]
+    Furth goth this king w{i}t{h} al his oſt anon.
+    Be this the word wes to king arthur gone,
+    That knew no thing, nor wiſt of ther entent,
+  [Sidenote: Arthur’s host don their armour.]
+    But ſone his folk ar one to armys went;                        776
+    But arthur by Report hard saye
+  [Sidenote: Arthur, hearing that Galiot is unarmed, will not arm
+  himself;]
+    How galiot non armys bur that day,
+    Wharfor he thoght of armys nor of ſheld
+    None wald he tak, nor mak hyme for the feld.                   780
+  [Sidenote: but calls Gawane, and tells him how to order his
+  battalions.]
+    But gawane haith he clepit, was hyme by,
+    In qwhome Rignith the flour of cheuelry;
+    And told one what man{er}, and one what wyß
+    He ſhuld his batelles ordand and dewys;                        784
+    Beſeching hyme, [hyme] wiſly to for-see
+    Aȝaine thei folk, wich was far mo than hee.
+    He knew the charg and paſſith one his way
+    Furth to his horß, and makith no dulay;                        788
+    The clariou{n}is blew and furth goth al onoñ,
+  [Sidenote: Gawane and his men cross over the water at the ford.]
+    And our ye watt{er} and the furd ar goñe.
+
+[Headnote: GAWANE HARANGUES HIS MEN.]
+
+    Within o playne vpone that other ſyd
+    Ther gawan gon his batellis to dewide,                         792
+    As he wel couth, and set them i{n} aray,
+    Syne with o manly contynans can ſay,
+  [Sidenote: He harangues his men.]
+    “Ye falowis wich of the round table beñ,
+    Through al this erth whois fam is hard {and} ſen,              796
+    Reme{m}brith now It ſtondith one the poynt,
+    For why It lyith one your ſperis poynt,[T17]
+    The well-fare of the king and of our londe;             [Fol. 11.]
+    And ſen the ſucour lyith in your honde,                        800
+    And hardement is thing ſhall moſt awaill
+    Frome deth ther men of armys in bataill,
+    Lat now your ma{n}hed and your hie curage
+    The pryd of al thir multitude aſſuage;                         804
+    Deth or defence, non other thing we wot.”
+  [Sidenote: Maleginis and all his host come over the plain, and
+  Gawane sends a company against them.]
+    This freſch king, that maleginis was hot,
+    With al his oſt he cu{m}myne our the plañ,
+    And gawan ſend o batell hyme agañ;                             808
+    In myde the borde,[T18] and feſtinit in the ſtell
+    The ſperithis poynt, that bitith ſcharp {and} well;
+  [Sidenote: But they were all too few; wherefore Gawane sends
+  a second company;]
+    Bot al to few thei war, and my{ch}t no{ch}t leſt
+    This gret Rout that cu{m}myth one ſo faſt.                     812
+    Than haith ſ{ir} gawan ſend, them to ſupport,
+    One othir batell with one kny{ch}tly sorte;
+  [Sidenote: then a third; then a fourth; and then sets out himself,
+  to resist the 10,000.]
+    And ſyne the thrid, and ſyne the ferde alſo;
+    And ſyne hyme-ſelf one to the feld can go,                     816
+    When that he ſauch thar latt{er} batell ſteir,
+    And the ten thouſand cu{m}myne al thei veir;
+    Qwhar that of armes prewit he so well,
+    His e{n}nemys gane his mortall [ſtrokis] fell.                 820
+
+      [Footnote T17: At the bottom of this page appears for the
+      first time a catchword, which is-- “The wel fare.”]
+      [Footnote T18: Or “berde.”]
+
+[Headnote: GAWANE DEFEATS MALEGINIS.]
+
+  [Sidenote: He goes among them in his courage,]
+    He goith ymong them in his hie curage,
+    As he that had of knyghthed the wſage,
+    And couth hyme weill {con}ten i{n} to on hour;
+    Aȝaine his ſtrok reſiſtit non armour;                          824
+  [Sidenote: and many other of Arthur’s knights perform wonders.]
+    And mony kny{ch}t, that worth ware and bolde,
+    War thore with hyme of arthur{is} houſhold,
+    And knyghtly gan one to the feld them bere,
+    And mekil wroght of armys In to were;                          828
+    S{ir} gawan than vpone ſuch wyß hyme bure,
+  [Sidenote: Maleginis goeth to discomfiture, and 7,000 of his men
+  flee.]
+    This othere goith al to diſcu{m}fitoure;
+    Sewyne thouſand fled, {and} of the feld thei go,
+    Whar-of this king in to his hart was wo,                       832
+    For of hyme ſelf he was of hie curage.
+    To galiot than ſend he in meſag,
+    That he ſhuld help his folk for to defende;
+  [Sidenote: Galiot sends him 30,000 more.]
+    And he to hyme hath xxx^te thousand sende;                     836
+    Whar-of this king gladith in his hart,
+    And thinkith to Reweng all the ſmart
+    That he to-for haith ſuffirit and the payne.           [Fol. 11b.]
+  [Sidenote: His folk return across the field as thick as hail.]
+    And al his folk returnyt Is ayayne                             840
+    Atour the feld, and cu{m}myne thilk as haill;[T19]
+    The ſwyft horß goith firſt to the aſſall.
+    This noble knyght that ſeith the g{r}ete forß
+    Of armyt men, that cu{m}myne vpone horß,                       844
+    To-giddir ſemblit al his falowſchip,
+    And thoght them at the ſharp poynt to kep,
+    So that thar harm̅ ſhal be ful deir yboght.
+    This vthere folk with ſtraucht courß hath ſocht                848
+    Out of aray atour the larg felld;
+    Thar was the ſtrok{is} feſtnit i{n} the ſhelde,
+    Thei war Reſauit at the ſper{is} end.
+  [Sidenote: Arthur’s folk receive them manfully.]
+    So arthur{is} folk can manfully defend;                        852
+    The formeſt can thar lyues end conclude,
+    Whar ſone aſſemblit al the multitude.
+    Thar was defens, ther was gret aſſaill,
+    Richt wond{er}full and ſtrong was y^e bataill,                 856
+  [Sidenote: but sustain much pain,]
+    Whar arthur{is} folk ſuſtenit mekil payn,
+    And kny{ch}tly them defendit haith aȝaine.
+
+      [Footnote T19: MS. “thilk as (Rayne) haill,” as if it were at
+      first intended to find a rime to “ayayne.”]
+
+[Headnote: GAWANE’S VALIANT DEEDS.]
+
+  [Sidenote: and cannot endure against so many.]
+    Bot endur thei my{ch}t, apone no wyß,
+    The multitude and ek the gret ſupp{ri}ß;                       860
+    But gawan, wich that ſetith al h{is} payn
+    Vpone knyghthed, defendid ſo aȝaine,
+    That only in the manhede of this knyght
+    His folk reIoſit them of his gret myght,                       864
+    And ek abaſit hath his ennemys;
+    For throw the feld he goith in ſuch wyß,
+    And in the preß ſo ma{n}fully them ſ{er}uith,
+  [Sidenote: Gawane carves helmets in two, and smites heads off
+  shoulders;]
+    His ſuerd atwo the helmys al to-kerwith,                       868
+    The hed{is} of he be the ſhoud{er}is ſmat;
+    The horß goith, of the maiſt{er} deſolat.
+    But what awaleth al his beſynes,
+    So ſtrong and ſo inſufferable vas the preß?                    872
+  [Sidenote: but his men recross the ford to go to their lodges.]
+    His folk are paſſit atour the furdis ilkon,
+    Towart ther bretis and to ther luges gon;
+    Whar he and many worthy knyght alſo
+    Of arthur{is} houß endurit mekill wo,                          876
+    That neu{er} men mar in to armys vroght
+    Of manhed, ȝit was It al for noght.
+    Thar was the ſtrenth, ther was the paſing myght         [Fol. 12.]
+  [Sidenote: Gawane fights alone till night,]
+    Of gawan, wich that whill the dirk nyght                       880
+    Befor the luges faucht al hyme aloñ,
+    When that his falowis entrit ware ilkoñ,
+    On arthur{is} half war mony tan and ſlan;
+  [Sidenote: when Galiot’s folk return home.]
+    And galot{is} folk Is hame ret{u}rnyd aȝaine,                  884
+    For it was lait; away the oſtis ridith,
+    And gawan ȝit apone his horß abidith,
+    W{i}t{h} ſuerd in hond, when thei away var gon,
+    And so for-wrocht hys ly{m}mys ver ilkon,                      888
+    And wondit ek his body vp and doune,
+  [Sidenote: Gawane swoons upon his horse.]
+    Vpone his horß Right thore he fel in ſwoune;
+    And thei hyme tuk {and} to his lugyne bare,
+  [Sidenote: The king and queen fear he has brought himself to
+  confusion.]
+    Boith king and qwen of hyme vare i{n} diſpare;                 892
+    For thei ſuppoſit, throw marwellis that he vroght,
+    He had hyme-ſelf to his confuſiou{n}e broght.
+
+[Headnote: LANCELOT PRAYS TO BE RELEASED.]
+
+      [T]his[T20] was nere by of melyhalt, the hyll,
+    Whar lanſcelot ȝit was w{i}t{h} the lady ſtill.                896
+    The kny{ch}t{is} of the court [can] paſing hom̅e;
+    This ladiis kny{ch}t{is} to hir palice com,
+    And told to hir, how that the feld was vent,
+  [Sidenote: The lady of Melyhalt hears of Gawane’s deeds;]
+    And of gawan, and of his hardyme{n}t,                          900
+    That merwell was his manhed to behold;
+  [Sidenote: and Lancelot also,]
+    And ſone thir tithing{is} to the kny{ch}t vas told,
+    That was with wo and hewyneſs oppreſt;
+    So noyith hyme his ſuiorne and his reſt,                       904
+  [Sidenote: who sends for a knight to take a message to the lady;]
+    And but dulay one for o kny{ch}t he send,
+    That was moſt ſpeciall with the lady kend.
+    He comyne, and the kny{ch}t vn to hyme ſaid,
+    “Diſpleß yow not, ſ{ir}, be ȝhe not ill paid,                  908
+    So homly thus I yow exort to go,
+    To gare my lady ſpek o word or two
+    With me, that am a carful p{re}ſonere.”[T21]
+    “S{ir}, your co{m}mande y ſhall, w{i}t{h}outen were,           912
+    Fulfill;” and to his lady paſſit hee
+    In lawly wyß beſiching hir, that ſhe
+    Wald grant hyme to pas at his requeſt,
+    Vnto hir kny{ch}t, ſtood wnd{er} hir areſt;                    916
+    And ſhe, that knew al gentilleß aright,
+  [Sidenote: who comes to his chamber.]
+    Furth to his chamber paſſit wight[T22] the licht.
+
+      [Footnote T20: See note to this line.]
+      [Footnote T21: MS. “preson{er}ere.”]
+      [Footnote T22: Read “with” (?).]
+
+    ++And he aroß and ſaluſt Curtaſly                      [Fol. 12b.]
+  [Sidenote: Lancelot beseeches her to appoint his ransom,]
+    The lady, and ſaid, “madem, her I,                             920
+    Your preſoner, beſekith yow that ȝhe
+    Wold merſy and compaſſione have of me,
+    And mak the ranſone wich that I may yeif;
+    I waiſt my tyme in presou{n}e thus to leife.                   924
+    For why I her on be report be told,
+    That arthur, with the flour of his houſholde,
+    Is cu{m}myne here, and in this cuntre lyis,
+    And ſtant In danger of his ennemyis,                           928
+    And haith aſſemblit; and eft this ſhalt bee
+    Within ſhort tyme one new aſſemblee.
+    Thar-for, my lady, y youe g{ra}ce beſech,
+    That I mycht pas, my Ranſon for to fech;                       932
+  [Sidenote: presuming that some of Arthur’s knights will pay it.]
+    Fore I p{re}ſume thar longith to that ſort
+    That louid me, and ſhal my nede ſupport.”
+
+[Headnote: THE LADY AT FIRST REFUSES;]
+
+    ++“Shire kny{ch}t, It ſtant no{ch}t in ſich dugree;
+  [Sidenote: She replies that she does not want a ransom, but has
+  imprisoned him for his guilt.]
+    It is no ranſone wich that cauſith me                          936
+    To holden yow, or don yow ſich offens;
+    It is your gilt, It is your wiolens,
+    Whar-of that I deſir no thing but law,
+    W{i}t{h}out report your awñ treſpas to knaw.”                  940
+    “Madem, your pleſance may ye wel fulfill
+    Of me, that am in p{re}ſone at your will.
+  [Sidenote: He prays for pardon,]
+    Bot of that gilt, I was for til excuß,
+    For that I did of werrey nede behwß,                           944
+    It tuechit to my honore and my fame;
+    I mycht no{ch}t lefe It but hurting of my nam,
+    And ek the knycht was mor to blam than I.
+    But ye, my lady, of your curteſſy,                             948
+    Wold ȝe deden my Ransou{n}e to reſaue,
+  [Sidenote: and begs for liberty:]
+    Of preſone ſo I my libertee myght haue,
+    Y ware ȝolde eu{er}more [to be] your knyght,
+    Whill that I leif, w{i}t{h} al my holl myght.                  952
+    And if ſo be ye lykith not to ma
+  [Sidenote: or at least to be allowed to go to the next battle,]
+    My ra{n}ſone, [madem,] if me leif to ga
+    To the aſſemble, wich ſal be of new;
+  [Sidenote: under a promise to return at night.]
+    And as that I am feithful kny{ch}t {and} trew,                 956
+    At ny{ch}t to yow I ent{er} ſhall aȝaine,
+    But if that deth or other lat c{er}tañ,
+    Throw wich I [may] have ſuch Impediment,
+    That I be hold,[T23] magre myne entent.”           960  [Fol. 13.]
+
+      [Footnote T23: MS. “behold.”]
+
+[Headnote: BUT AT LAST GRANTS HIS BOON.]
+
+  [Sidenote: She consents, if he will specify to her his name.]
+    “S{ir} kny{ch}t,” q{uo}d ſhe, “I grant yow leif, w{i}t{h}thy
+    Your name to me that ȝe wil ſpecify.”
+    “Madem, as ȝit, ſutly I ne may
+    Duclar my name, one be no man{er} way;                         964
+  [Sidenote: He refuses for the present.]
+    But I p{ro}myt, als faſt as I haue tyme
+    Conuenient, or may vith-outen cryme,
+    I ſhall;” and than the lady ſaith hyme tyll,
+    “And I, ſchir kny{ch}t, one this condiſcione will              968
+  [Sidenote: She grants him leave, under the proposed condition.]
+    Grant yow leve, ſo that ye obliſt bee
+    For to Return, as ye haue ſaid to me.”
+    Thus thei accord, the lady goith to reſt,
+    The ſone diſcending cloſit in the veſt;                        972
+    The ferd day was dewyſit for to bee
+    Betuex the oſt{is} of the aſſemblee.
+
+    ++And galiot Richt arly by the day,
+    Ayane the feld he can h{is} folk aray;                         976
+  [Sidenote: Galiot assembles 40,000 fresh men.]
+    And fourty thouſand armyt me{n} haith he,
+    That war not at the othir aſſemble,
+    Co{m}mandit to the batell for to gon;
+    “And I my-ſelf,” q{uod} he, “ſhal me diſpone                   980
+    On to the feild aȝaine the thrid day;
+    Whar of this were we ſhal the end aſſay.”
+
+  [Sidenote: Arthur also provides his men for the field.]
+    ++ANd arthur{is} folk that come one eu{er}y ſyd,
+    He for the feld can them for to p{ro}uide,                     984
+    Wich ware to few aȝaine the gret affere
+    Of galiot ȝit to ſuſten the were.
+  [Sidenote: The knights of Melyhalt join him.]
+    The kny{ch}t{is} al out of the cete roß
+    Of melyholt, and to the ſemble gois.                           988
+  [Sidenote: The lady secretly provides Lancelot with a red courser,
+  and a shield and spear, both red also.]
+    And the lady haith, in to ſacret wyß,
+    Gart for hir kny{ch}t and preſon{er} dewyß
+    In red al thing, that ganith for the were;
+    His curſeir red, ſo was boith ſcheld {and} ſpere.              992
+
+[Headnote: LANCELOT ENCOURAGES HIMSELF.]
+
+    {And} he, to qwham the preſone hath ben ſmart,
+    With glaid deſir apone his curſour ſtart;
+  [Sidenote: He rides towards the field, and halts in a plain by the
+  river-side.]
+    Towart the feld anon he gan to ryd,
+    And in o plan houit one reu{er} syde.                          996
+    This kny{ch}t, the wich that long haith ben i{n} cag,
+  [Sidenote: Lancelot is encouraged, seeing the blithe morn, the mead,
+  the river, the green woods, and the knights and banners.]
+    He grew in to o freſch {and} new curage,
+    Seing the morow bly{th}full and amen,
+    The med, the Reuer, and the vodis gren,                       1000
+    The kny{ch}t{is} in [ther] armys them arayinge,
+    The baner{is} ayaine the feld diſplayng,               [Fol. 13b.]
+    His ȝouth in ſtrenth and in p{ro}ſperytee,
+    And ſyne of luſt the gret aduerſytee.[T24]                    1004
+    Thus in his tho{ch}t reme{m}bryng at the laſt,
+  [Sidenote: Casting his eyes aside, he sees the queen looking over
+  a parapet.]
+    Eft{er}ward one ſyd he gan his Ey to caſt,
+    Whar our a bertes[T25] lying haith he sen
+    Out to the feld luking was the qwen;                          1008
+    Sudandly with that his goſt aſtart
+  [Sidenote: Love catches him by the heart.]
+    Of loue anone haith caucht hyme by the hart;
+    Than ſaith he, “How long ſhall It be so,
+    Loue, at yow ſhall wirk me al this wo?                        1012
+    Apone this wyß to be Infortunat,
+    Hir for to ſ{er}ue the wich thei no thing wate
+    What ſufferance I in hir wo endure,
+    Nor of my wo, nor of myne aduenture?                          1016
+    And I wnworthy ame for to attane
+    To hir p{rese}ns, nor dare I noght complane.
+  [Sidenote: He counsels his heart to help itself at need,]
+    Bot, hart, ſen at yow knawith ſhe is here,
+    That of thi lyue and of thi deith is ſtere,                   1020
+    Now is thi tyme, now help thi-ſelf at neid,
+    And the dewod of eu{er}y point of dred,
+  [Sidenote: to forego cowardice,]
+    That cowardy be none In to the señ,
+    Fore and yow do, yow knowis thi peyne, I weyn;                1024
+    Yow art wnable eu{er} to attane
+    To hir mercy, or cum be ony mayne.
+  [Sidenote: and to deserve her thanks or die.]
+    Tharfor y red hir thonk at yow diſſerue,
+    Or in hir p{rese}ns lyk o kny{ch}t to ſterf.”                 1028
+
+      [Footnote T24: May we read “diuerſytee”?]
+      [Footnote T25: MS. “abertes.”]
+
+[Headnote: THE RED KNIGHT’S TRANCE.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Confused with a heavy thought,]
+    With that confuſit w{i}t{h} an hewy tho{ch}t,
+    Wich ner his deith ful oft tyme haith hyme ſo{ch}t,
+    Deuoydit was his sprit{is} and his goſt,
+    He wiſt not of hyme-ſelf nor of his oſt;                      1032
+  [Sidenote: he [sits] on his horse as still as stone.]
+    Bot one his horß, als ſtill as ony ſton.
+    When that the kny{ch}t{is} armyt war ilkon,
+  [Sidenote: The bugles are blown, and the knights are ready on
+  horseback, 20,000 in number.]
+    To warnnyng them vp goith the bludy ſown,
+    And eu{er}y knyght vpone his horß is bown;                    1036
+    Twenty thouſand armyt men of were.
+    The king that day he wold non armys bere;
+    His batell{is} ware devyſit eu{er}ilkon,
+  [Sidenote: They are forbidden to cross the fords, but cannot
+  be restrained.]
+    And them forbad out our the furd{is} to gon.                  1040
+    Bot frome that thei ther ennemys haith sen,
+    In to ſuch wys thei cout{h} them noght ſuſteñ;
+    Bot ovr thei went vithouten more delay,          [Fol. 14.]
+    And can them one that oy{er} sid aſſay.                       1044
+  [Sidenote: The red knight still halting by the ford, a herald
+  seizes his bridle, and bids him awake.]
+    The red kny{ch}t ſtill in to his hewy thoght
+    Was hufyng ȝit apone the furd, {and} noght
+    Wiſt of hime ſelf; with that a harrold com,
+    And ſone the kny{ch}t he be the brydill nom,                  1048
+    Saying, “awalk! It is no tyme to ſlep;
+    Your worſchip more expedient vare to kep.”
+    No word he ſpak, ſo prikith hyme the ſmart
+    Of hevynes, that ſtood vnto his hart.                         1052
+  [Sidenote: Two shrews next approach; one takes his shield off his
+  neck,]
+    Two ſcrewis cam with that, of quhich [that] oñ
+    The kny{ch}t{is} ſheld ry{ch}t frome his hals haith toñ;
+  [Sidenote: the other casts water at his ventayle, which causes him
+  to wink, and arouse himself.]
+    That vthir watt{er} takith atte laſt,
+    And in the kny{ch}t{is} wentail haith It caſt;                1056
+    When that he felt the vatt{er} that vas cold,
+    He wonk, and gan about hyme to behold,
+    And thinkith how he ſum-quhat haith myſgoñ.
+    With that his ſpere In to his hand haith ton,                 1060
+  [Sidenote: He goes to the field, and sees the first-conquest king.]
+    Goith to the feild w{i}t{h}outen vordis more;
+    So was he vare whare that there cam before,
+    O manly man he was in to al thing,
+    And clepit was the ferſt-conquest king.                       1064
+    The Red kny{ch}t w{i}t{h} [the] ſpur{is} ſmat the ſted,
+    The tother cam, that of hyme hath no drede;
+  [Sidenote: They meet.]
+    With ferß curag ben the kny{ch}t{is} met,
+    The king his ſpere apone the kny{ch}t hath set,               1068
+    That al in peciß flaw in to the felde;
+
+[Headnote: THE RED KNIGHT FIGHTS LIKE A LION.]
+
+  [Sidenote: The red knight, though shieldless, overthrows his foe.]
+    His hawbrek helpit, ſuppos he had no ſcheld.
+    And he the king in to the ſcheld haith ton,
+    That horß and man boith to the erd ar gon.                    1072
+  [Sidenote: The shrew restores his shield.]
+    Than to the kny{ch}t he cu{m}myth, that haith tan
+    His ſheld, to hyme deliu{er}ith It ayane,
+    Beſiching hyme that of his Ignorance,
+    That knew hyme nat, as takith no grewance.                    1076
+    The kny{ch}t h{is} ſche[l]d but mor delay haith tak,
+    And let hyme go, and no thing to hyme ſpak.
+    Than thei the[T26] wich that ſo at erth haith ſen
+  [Sidenote: The men of the first-conquest king come to the rescue.]
+    Ther lord, the ferſt-conqueſt king, y meñ,                    1080
+    In haiſt thei cam, as that thei var agrevit,
+    And manfully thei haith ther king Releuit.
+
+      [Footnote T26: MS. “thei,” altered to “thee,” which is still
+      wrong.]
+
+      [A]nd Arthuris folk, that lykith not to byde,
+    In goith the spur{is} in the ſted{is} syde;                   1084
+    To-giddir thar aſſemblit al the oſt:                   [Fol. 14b.]
+    At whois meting many o kny{ch}t was loſt.
+  [Sidenote: The battle was right cruel to behold.]
+    The batell was richt crewell to behold,
+    Of kny{ch}t{is} wich that haith there lyvis ȝolde.            1088
+    One to the hart the ſpere goith throw the ſcheld,
+    The kny{ch}t{is} gaping lyith in the feld.
+    The red kny{ch}t, byrnyng in loues fyre,
+    Goith to o kny{ch}t, als ſwift as ony vyre,                   1092
+    The wich he perſit throuch {and} throuch the hart;
+  [Sidenote: The red knight loses his spear, but draws his sword,
+  and roams the field like a lion.]
+    The ſpere is went; w{i}t{h} that anon he ſtart,
+    And out o ſuerd in to his hond he tais;
+    Lyk to o lyone in to the feld he gais,                        1096
+    In to his Rag ſmyting to and fro
+    Fro ſum the arm, fro ſum the nek in two,
+    Sum in the feild lying is in ſwou{n},
+  [Sidenote: Some he cleaves to the belt.]
+    And sum his ſuerd goith to the belt al douñe.                 1100
+    For qwhen that he beholdith to the qwen,
+    Who had ben thore his manhed to haue sen,
+    His doing in to armys and his myght,
+    Shwld ſay in world war not ſuch o wight.                      1104
+  [Sidenote: His fellows take comfort from his deeds,]
+    His falouſchip siche comfort of his dede
+    Haith ton, that thei ther ennemys ne dreid;
+    But can them-self ay manfoly conten
+    In to the ſtour, that hard was to ſuſten;                     1108
+  [Sidenote: though Galiot’s host was a surpassing multitude.]
+    For galyot was O paſing multitude
+    Of prewit men in armys that war gude,
+    The wich can w{i}t{h} o freſch curag aſſaill
+    Ther ennemys that day In to batell;                           1112
+  [Sidenote: Had it not been for the manhood of the red knight,
+  Arthur’s folk had been in peril.]
+    That ne ware not the vorſchip {and} manhede
+    Of the red kny{ch}t, in p{er}ell and in dreid
+    Arthur{is} folk had ben, vith-outen vere;
+    Set thei var good, thei var of ſmal powere.                   1116
+
+[Headnote: GAWANE BEHOLDS THE RED KNIGHT.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Gawane is led to the parapet,]
+    And gawan, wich gart bryng hyme-ſelf befor
+    To the bertes, set he was vondit sore,
+    Whar the qwen vas, and whar that he my{ch}t see
+    The manere of the oſt and aſſemble;                           1120
+    And when that he the gret manhed haith sen
+  [Sidenote: and saith to the queen, that none ever did better than
+  yon red knight.]
+    Of the red kny{ch}t, he ſaith one to the qwen,
+    “Madem, ȝone knyght in to the armys Rede,
+    Nor neu{er} I hard nore ſaw in to no ſted                     1124
+    O kny{ch}t, the wich that in to ſchortar ſpace
+    In armys haith mor forton nore mor grace;
+    Nore bettir doith boith with ſper and ſcheild,
+    He is the hed and comfort of our feild.”          1128  [Fol. 15.]
+  [Sidenote: The queen prays for Lancelot.]
+    “Now, ſ{ir}, I traiſt that neu{er} more vas ſen
+    No man in feild more knyghtly hyme {con}ten;
+    I pray to hyme that eu{er}y thing hath cure,
+    Saif hyme fro deth or wykit aduenture.”                       1132
+  [Sidenote: The field was perilous on both sides,]
+    The feild It was ry{ch}t p{er}ellus and ſtrong
+    On boith the ſydis, and continewit long,
+  [Sidenote: from early morn till the sun had gone down.]
+    Ay from the ſone the varld{is} face gan licht
+    Whill he was gone {and} cu{m}yne vas the nycht;               1136
+    And than o forß thei my{ch}t It not aſſtart,
+    On eu{er}y ſyd behouit them depart.
+  [Sidenote: Every knight then returns home, and the red knight
+  privily goes back to the city.]
+    The feild is don and ham goith eu{er}y kny{ch}t,
+    And prevaly, unwiſt of any wicht,                             1140
+    The way the red kny{ch}t to the cete taiis,
+    As he had hecht, {and} in h{is} chambre gais.
+    When arthure hard how the kny{ch}t Is gon,
+    He blamyt ſore his lordis eu{er}ilk-one;                      1144
+    And oft he haith remembrit in his thoght,
+  [Sidenote: Arthur, seeing the multitude of Galiot’s men, recalls
+  his dream, saying,]
+    What multitud that galiot had broght;
+    Seing his folk that ware so ewil arayt,
+    In to his mynd he ſtondith al affrayt,                        1148
+    And ſaith, “I traiſt ful ſuth It ſal be founde
+    My drem Richt as the clerk{is} gan expounde;
+  [Sidenote: “My men now fail me at need.”]
+    For why my men failȝeis now at neid,
+    My-ſelf, my londe, in p{er}ell and in dreide.”                1152
+
+[Headnote: GALIOT PROPOSES A TRUCE.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Galiot tells his council]
+    And galiot vpone hie worſchip set,
+    And his conſell anon he gart be fet,
+    To them he ſaith, “with arthur weil ȝe see
+    How that It ſtant, and to qwhat degre,                        1156
+    Aȝanis ws that he is no poware;
+  [Sidenote: that there is no honour in conquering Arthur,]
+    Wharfor, me think, no worſchip to ws ware
+    In conqueryng of hyme, nor of his londe,
+    He haith no ſtrenth, he may ws not vithſtonde.                1160
+    Wharfor, me think It beſt is to delay,
+  [Sidenote: and proposes a twelvemonth’s truce.]
+    And reſput hyme for a tuelmoñeth day,
+    Whill that he may aſſemble al his myght;
+    Than is mor worſchip aȝanis hyme to ficht;”                   1164
+    And thus concludit thoght hyme for the beſt.
+    The very kny{ch}t{is} paſſing to there Reſt;
+    Of melyholt the ladeis kny{ch}t{is} ilkone
+    Went home, and to hir p{rese}ns ar thei gon;                  1168
+  [Sidenote: The lady of Melyholt asks her knights who hath won
+  most honour.]
+    At qwhome ful ſone than gan ſcho to Inquere,
+    And al the maner of the oſt{is} till spere;
+    How that It went, and in what man{er} wyß,
+    Who haith moſt worſchip, {and} who is moſt to pryß?           1172
+    “Madem,” q{uod} thei, “O kny{ch}t was In the feild,    [Fol. 15b.]
+  [Sidenote: They reply, that a red knight had exceeded all others.]
+    Of Red was al his armour and his ſheld,
+    Whois manhed can al otheris to exced,
+    May nan report in armys half his deid;                        1176
+    Ne wor his worſchip, ſhortly to conclud,
+    Our folk of help had ben al deſtitud.
+    He haith the thonk, the vorſchip in hyme lyis,
+    That we the feld defendit in ſich wyß.”                       1180
+  [Sidenote: The lady wonders if her prisoner is meant.]
+    The lady thane one to hir-ſelf haith tho{ch}t,
+    “Whether Is ȝone my p{re}ſonar, ore noght?
+    The ſuthfaſtneß that ſhal y wit onon.”
+    When euery wight vn to ther Reſt war gon,                     1184
+
+[Headnote: THE LADY VISITS LANCELOT.]
+
+  [Sidenote: She calls her cousin,]
+    She clepith one hir cwſynes ful nere
+    Wich was to hir moſt ſpeciall and dere,
+    And ſaith to hir, “qwheyar if yone bee
+    Our preſoner, my consell Is we see.”                          1188
+  [Sidenote: who takes a torch, and they go to the stable,]
+    With that the maden In hir hand hath ton
+    O torche, and to the ſtabille ar thei gon;
+  [Sidenote: and find his steed wounded.]
+    And fond his ſted lying at the ground,
+    Wich wery was, ywet w{i}t{h} mony wounde.                     1192
+    The maden ſaith, “vpone this horß is ſen,
+    He in the place quhar strok{is} was hath beñ;
+    And ȝhit the horß It is no{ch}t wich that hee
+    Furt{h} w{i}t{h} hyme hade;”--the lady ſaid, “p{er} dee,      1196
+    He vſyt haith mo horß than one or two;
+  [Sidenote: Next they view his armour,]
+    I red one to his armys at we go.”
+    Tharwith one to his armys ar thei went;
+  [Sidenote: and find his hauberk rent, and his shield frushed all
+  to naught.]
+    Thei fond his helm, thei fond his hawbrek rent,               1200
+    Thei fond his ſcheld was fruſchit al to no{ch}t;
+    At ſchort, his armour In sich wyß vas vro{ch}t
+    In eu{er}y place, that no thing was left haill,
+    Nore neu{er} eft accordith to bataill.                        1204
+  [Sidenote: They think he has well used his armour.]
+    Than ſaith the lady to hir cuſyneß,
+    “What ſal we ſay, what of this mat{er} geß?”
+    “Madem, I ſay, thei have no{ch}t ben abwsyt;
+    He that them bur ſchortly he has them vſyt.”                  1208
+    “That may ȝe ſay, ſuppos the beſt that lewis,
+    Or moſt of worſchip in til armys prewis,
+    Or ȝhit haith ben in ony tyme beforñ,
+    Had them in feld in his maſt curag borñ.”                     1212
+  [Sidenote: They next visit the knight himself,]
+    “Now,” q{uo}d the lady, “will we paß, and see
+    The kny{ch}t hyme-self, and ther the ſut{h} may we
+    Knaw of this thing.” Incontynent them[T27] boith        [Fol. 16.]
+    Thir ladeis vn to his chambre goith.                          1216
+  [Sidenote: who was now asleep.]
+    The kny{ch}t al wery fallyng was on ſlep;
+    This maden paſſith In, {and} takith kep.
+  [Sidenote: The lady’s cousin observes his breast and shoulders
+  bloody, his face hurt, and his fists swollen.]
+    Sche ſauch his breſt w{i}t{h} al his ſchowd{er}is bare,
+    That bludy war and woundit her and thare;                     1220
+    His face was al to-hurt and al to-ſchent,
+    His newis ſwellyng war and al to-Rent.
+    Sche ſmylyt a lyt, and to hir lady ſaid,
+    “It ſemyth weill this kny{ch}t hath ben aſſaid.”              1224
+
+      [Footnote T27: “then” (?).]
+
+[Headnote: THE LADY IS LOVE-SMITTEN.]
+
+  [Sidenote: The lady next observes him,]
+    The lady ſauch, and rewit in hir thoght
+    The kny{ch}t{is} worſchip wich that he haith vroght.
+  [Sidenote: and is smitten to the heart by the dart of love,]
+    In hire Reme{m}brance loues fyre dart
+    W{i}t{h} hot deſyre hir ſmat one to the hart;                 1228
+    And then a quhill, w{i}t{h}-outen word{is} mo,
+    In to hir mynd thinking to and fro,
+    She ſtudeit ſo, and at the laſt abraid
+  [Sidenote: and prays her cousin to draw aside, while she kisses
+  the knight.]
+    Out of hir tho{ch}t, and ſudandly thus ſaid,                  1232
+    “W{i}t{h}-draw,” q{uod} ſhe, “one ſyd a lyt[T28] the lyght,
+    Or that I paß that I may kyß the knyght.”
+
+      [Footnote T28: MS. “alyt.”]
+
+[Headnote: HER COUSIN REPROVES HER.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Her cousin reproves her,]
+    “Madem,” q{uod} ſche, “what is It at ȝe meñ?
+    Of hie worſchip our mekill have ȝe señ                        1236
+    So sone to be ſupp{ri}ſit w{i}t{h} o thoght.
+  [Sidenote: lest the knight should awake.]
+    What is It at ȝhe think? p{re}ſwm ȝe noght
+    That if yon kny{ch}t wil walkin, and p{er}ſaif,
+    He ſhal yarof no thing bot ewill conſaif;                     1240
+    In his entent Ruput yow therby
+    The ablare to al ly{ch}tneß and foly?
+    And blam the more al vther{is} in h{is} mynd,
+    If your gret wit in ſich deſire he fynde?”                    1244
+  [Sidenote: The lady replies.]
+    “Nay,” q{uod} the lady, “no thing may I do
+    For ſich o kny{ch}t may be defam me to.”
+  [Sidenote: Her cousin next argues the point;]
+    “Madem, I wot that for to loue yone kny{ch}t,
+    Conſidir his fame, his worſchip, and h{is} my{ch}t;           1248
+    And to begyne as worſchip wil dewyß,
+    Syne he ayaine my{ch}t lowe yow one ſuch wyß,
+    And hold yow for his lady and his loue,
+    It war to yow no maner of Reprwe.                             1252
+  [Sidenote: “What if he loves another?”]
+    But quhat if he appelit be and thret
+    His hart to lowe, and ellis whar y-ſet?
+    And wel y wot, madem, if It be so,
+    His hart hyme sal not ſuffir to loue two,                     1256
+    For noble hart wil have no dowbilneß;                  [Fol. 16b.]
+    If It be ſo, ȝhe tyne yowr low, I geß;
+    Than is your-ſelf, than is your loue Refuſit,
+    Your fam is hurt, your gladneß is concluſit.                  1260
+    My conſell is, therfore, you to abſten
+    Whill that to yow the werray Ry{ch}t be ſeñ
+    Of his entent, the wich ful ſon ȝhe may
+    Have knawlag, If yow lykith to aſſay.”                        1264
+  [Sidenote: She persuades the lady to return to her chamber,
+  without further delay.]
+    So mokil to hir lady haith ſhe vroght
+    That at that tyme ſhe haith Ret{ur}nyt h{ir} tho{ch}t,
+    And to hir chambre went, w{i}t{h}outen more,
+    Whar loue of new aſſaith hir ful sore.                        1268
+    So well long thei ſpeking of the kny{ch}t,
+  [Sidenote: Her cousin labours to expel her love for Lancelot from
+  her thoughts, but her labour is in vain.]
+    Hir cuſynace hath don al at ſhe my{ch}t
+    For to expel that thing out of hir tho{ch}t;
+    It wil not be, hir labour Is for no{ch}t.                     1272
+    Now leif we hir In to hir neweſt pan,
+    And to arthur we wil retwrn agañ.
+
+EXPLICIT P{RI}M{US} LIBER, INCIPIT SECUND{US}.
+
+
+[Headnote: ARTHUR’S GREAT ANXIETY.]
+
+[BOOK II.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Night.]
+    ++The clowdy nyght, wndir whois obſcure
+    The reſt and quiet of euery criatur                           1276
+    Lyith ſauf, quhare the goſt w{i}t{h} beſyneß
+    Is occupiit, w{i}t{h} thoghtfull hewynes;
+    And, for that tho{ch}t furth ſchewing vil h{is} my{ch}t,
+    Go fare-wel reſt and quiet of the ny{ch}t.                    1280
+  [Sidenote: Arthur cannot rest.]
+    Artur, I meyne, to whome that reſt is no{ch}t,
+    But al the ny{ch}t ſuppriſit is with tho{ch}t;
+    In to his bed he turnyth to and fro,
+    Remembryng the apperans of his wo,                            1284
+    That is to ſay, his deith, his confuſioune,
+    And of his realme the opin diſtruccioune.
+    That in his wit he can no thing p{ro}wide,
+    Bot tak his forton thar for to abyd.                          1288
+  [Sidenote: The sun goeth up.]
+    Vp goith the ſon, vp goith the hot morow;
+    The thoghtful king al the ny{ch}t to ſorow,
+    That ſauch the day, vpone his feit he ſtart,            [Fol. 17.]
+  [Sidenote: Arthur goeth forth.]
+    And furth he goith, diſtrublit in his hart.                   1292
+    A quhill he walkith in his penſyf goſt,
+  [Sidenote: He hears that a clerk has arrived,]
+    So was he ware thar cu{m}myne to the oſt
+    O clerk, with whome he was aqwynt befor,
+    In to his tyme non bett{er} was y-bore;                       1296
+    Of qwhois com he gretly vas Reioſit,
+    For in to hyme ſum comfort he ſuppoſit;
+  [Sidenote: between whom and himself there was a hearty affection.]
+    Betuex them was one hartly affeccioune.
+    Non ord{er}is had he of Relegioune,                           1300
+    Fam{us} he was, and of gret excellence,
+  [Sidenote: He was expert in the seven sciences,]
+    And ry{ch}t exp{er}t in al the vij. ſcience;
+    Contemplatif and chaſt in gou{er}nance,
+  [Sidenote: and was named Amytans.]
+    And clepit was the maiſt{er} amytans.                         1304
+    The king befor his palȝou{n}e one the gren,
+    That knew hyme well, {and} haith his cu{m}myn ſeñ,
+  [Sidenote: Arthur welcomes him.]
+    Velcu{m}myt hyme, and maid hyme ry{ch}t gud chere,
+    And he agan, agrewit as he were,                              1308
+  [Sidenote: He recks nothing of Arthur’s salutation.]
+    Saith, “nothir of thi ſaloſing, nor the,
+    Ne rak I no{ch}t, ne charg I no{ch}t,” q{uo}d hee.
+  [Sidenote: The king inquires what trespass he has committed.]
+    Than q{uod} the king, “maiſt{er}, {and} for what why
+    Ar ȝe agrewit? or quhat treſſpas have I                       1312
+    Co{m}mytit, ſo that I ſhal yow diſples?”
+
+[Headnote: AMYTANS REPROVES ARTHUR.]
+
+  [Sidenote: He replies, “It is not against me, but against thyself.]
+    Quod he, “no thing It is ayane myn eß,
+    But only {con}trare of thi-ſelf alway;
+    So fare the courß yow paſſith of the way.                     1316
+  [Sidenote: Thy ship is almost drowned in the whirlpool.]
+    Thi ſchip, that goth apone the ſtormy vall,
+    Ney of thi careldis in the ſwelf it fall,
+    Whar ſhe almoſt is in the p{er}ell drent;
+    That is to ſay, yow art ſo far myſwent                        1320
+    Of wykitneß vpone the vrechit dans,
+    That yow art fallyng in the storng[T29] vengans
+  [Sidenote: That is, God’s wrath shall soon devour thee.]
+    Of goddis wreth, that ſhal the ſon deuour;
+    For of his ſtrok approchit now the hour                       1324
+    That boith thi Ringe, thi ceptre, {and} thi crovñ,
+    Frome hie eſtat he ſmyting ſhal adoune.
+    And that accordith well, for in thi tho{ch}t
+  [Sidenote: Because thou knowest Him not, who set thee up in this
+  high estate,]
+    Yow knawith not hyme, the wich that haith the wro{ch}t,       1328
+    And ſet the vp in to this hie eſtat
+    From powert; for, as the-ſelwyne wat,
+    It cu{m}myth al bot only of his myght,
+    And not of the, nor of thi eld{er}is Richt                    1332
+    To the diſcending, as in heritage,
+  [Sidenote: though not begotten in spousage.]
+    For yow was not byget in to spouſag.
+    Wharfor yow aucht his biding to obſerf,                [Fol. 17b.]
+    And at thy my{ch}t yow ſhuld hyme pleß {and} ſerf;            1336
+    That dois yow nat, for yow art ſo confuſſit
+    With this fals warld, that thow haith hyme Refuſit,
+    And brokine haith his reul and ordynans,
+    The wich to the he gave in gou{er}nans.                       1340
+
+      [Footnote T29: So in MS. Is it necessary to alter it to
+      “strong”?]
+
+[Headnote: THE TYRANNY OF KINGS.]
+
+  [Sidenote: He made thee king,]
+    He maid the king, he maid the gou{er}nour,
+    He maid the ſo, and ſet in hie honour
+    Of Realmys and of [diuerß] peplis ſere;
+    Eft{er} his loue thow ſhuld them Reul {and} ſtere,            1344
+    And wnoppreſſit kep in to Iuſtice,
+    The wykit men and pwnyce for ther wice.
+    Yow dois no thing, bot al in the {con}trare,
+  [Sidenote: and thou sufferest thy people to fare ill.]
+    And ſuffrith al thi puple to forfare;                         1348
+    Yow haith non Ey but one thyne awn delyt,
+    Or quhat that pleſing ſhall thyne appetyt.
+    In the defalt of law and of Iuſtice,
+    Wndir thi hond is ſufferyt gret ſuppriß                       1352
+    Of fadirleß, and modirleß alſo,
+    And wedwis ek ſuſtenit mekill wo.
+  [Sidenote: The poor are oppressed.]
+    With gret myſchef oppreſſit ar the pure;
+    And thow art cauß of al this hol Iniure,                      1356
+    Whar-of that god a raknyng ſal craf
+    At the, and a ſore Raknyng ſal hafe;
+    For thyne eſtat is gewyne to Redreß
+    Thar ned, and kep them to ry{ch}twyneß;                       1360
+    And thar is non that ther complant{is} her{is};
+    The my{ch}ty folk, and ek the flattereris
+    Ar cheif with the, and doith this oppreſſiou{n};
+  [Sidenote: If they complain, it is their confusion.]
+    If thai complen, It is ther confuſſiou{n}e.                   1364
+    And daniell ſaith that who doith to the pure,
+    Or fad{er}leß, or modirleß, EnIure,
+    Or to the puple, that ilke to god doth hee;
+    And al this harme ſuſtenit Is throw the.                      1368
+    Yow ſufferith them, oppreſſith {and} anoyith;
+    So yow art cauß, throw the thei ar diſtroyth;
+    Than, at thi my{ch}t, god ſo diſtroys yow.
+  [Sidenote: What wilt thou do, when God destroys sinners off the
+  visage of the earth?]
+    What ſhal he do aȝane? quhat ſhal yow,                        1372
+    When he diſtroys by vengance of his ſuerd
+    The ſynar{is} fra the vysag{is} of the Erde?
+    Than vtraly yow ſhall diſtroyt bee;
+    And that Richt weill apper{is} now of thee,                   1376
+    For yow allon byleft art ſolitere;
+  [Sidenote: Solomon saith, ‘Wo to him who is left alone! He hath
+  no help.’]
+    And the wyß salamon can duclar,
+    ‘Wo be to hyme that is byleft alone,
+    He haith no help;’ so Is thi forton goñe;         1380  [Fol. 18.]
+    For he is callit, w{i}t{h} quhom that god is no{ch}t,
+    Allone; and ſo thi wykitneß haith wro{ch}t
+    That god hyme-ſelf he is bycu{m}myn thi fo,
+  [Sidenote: Thou hast lost thy people’s hearts,]
+    Thi pupleis hart{is} haith thow tynt alſo;                    1384
+    Thi wykitneß thus haith the maid alon,
+    That of this erth thi fortone Is y-goñ.
+    Yow mone thi lyf, yow mone thi vorſchip tyne,
+  [Sidenote: and shalt come to death that hath no end.”]
+    And eft to deth that neu{er} ſhal haf fyne.”                  1388
+
+[Headnote: ARTHUR ASKS ADVICE.]
+
+    ++“Maist{er},” q{uo}d he, “of yowre beneuolens,
+    Y yow beſech that tueching my{n} offens,
+    Ȝhe wald wichſaif your conſell to me If
+  [Sidenote: Arthur asks how he shall amend,]
+    How I ſal mend, and ek her-eftir leif.”                       1392
+    “Now,” q{uo}d the maiſter, “and I have m{er}well qwhy
+    Yow aſkith conſail, and wil in non affy,
+    Nor wyrk thar-by; and ȝhit yow may In tym,
+    If yow lykith to amend the cryme.”                            1396
+    “Ȝhis,” ſaith the king, “and ſuthfaſtly I will
+  [Sidenote: and promises to fulfil his bidding.]
+    Ȝour ordynans in eu{er}y thing fulfyll.”
+    “And if the liſt at conſail to abide,
+  [Sidenote: The master replies, “Thou must first dread the Lord.]
+    The remed of thi harme to p{ro}uyde--                         1400
+    Firſt, the begyning is of ſapiens,
+    To dreid the lord and his mag{ni}ficens;
+    And what thow haith in contrar hyme ofendit,
+    Whill yow haith my{ch}t, of fre deſir amend it;[T30]          1404
+  [Sidenote: Repent thy guilt.]
+    Repent thi gilt, repent thi gret treſpaß,
+    And remembir one goddis richwyſneß;
+    How for to hyme that wykitneß anoyt,
+    And how the way of ſynaris he diſtroit;                       1408
+    And if ye lyk to ryng wnd{er} his peß,
+    Ye wengans of his my{ch}ty hond yow ſeß,
+    This ſchalt yow do, if yow wil be p{er}fit.
+    Firſt, mone yow be penitent and contrit                       1412
+    Of euery thing that tuechith thi conſiens,
+    Done of fre will, or ȝhit of neglygens.
+  [Sidenote: Thy need requireth full contrition.]
+    Thi neid requirith ful contretioune,
+    Princepaly with-out concluſioune;                             1416
+    With humble hart and goſtly byſyneß,
+    Syne ſhalt yow go deuotly the confeß
+  [Sidenote: Confess to some holy confessor.]
+    Ther-of vnto ſum haly confeſſour,
+    That the wil conſail tueching thin arour;                     1420
+    And to fulfill his will and ordynans,
+  [Sidenote: Do penance, and amend all wrong.”]
+    In ſatiſfaccione and doing of penans,
+    And to amend al wrang and al Iniure,
+    By the ydone til euery Creature;                              1424
+    If yow can In to thi hart fynde,                       [Fol. 18b.]
+    Contretioune well degeſt In to thi mynd.
+    Now go thi weie, for if it leful were,
+    Confeſſioune to me, I ſhuld It here.”                         1428
+
+      [Footnote T30: MS. “amendit.”]
+
+[Headnote: ARTHUR CONFESSES HIS SINS,]
+
+  [Sidenote: Arthur tries to remember every sin done since his years
+  of innocence,]
+    ++Than arthur, Richt obedient {and} mek,
+    In to his wit memoratyvecan ſeik
+    Of euery gilt wich that he can pens,
+    Done frome he paſſith the ȝer{is} of Innocens;                1432
+    And as his maiſter hyme commandit hade,
+  [Sidenote: and made his confession with lamentable cheer.]
+    He goith and his confeſſione haith he maad
+    Richt deuotly with lementable chere;
+    The man{er} wich quho lykith for to here                      1436
+    He may It fynd In to the holl romans,
+    Of confeſſione o paſing c{er}cumſtans.
+    I can It not, I am no confeſſour,
+    My wyt haith ewill conſat of that labour,                     1440
+    Quharof I wot I aucht repent me ſore.
+    The king wich was confeſſit, what is more,
+    Goith and til his maiſt{er} tellith hee,
+    How euery ſyne In to his awn degree                           1444
+    He shew, that mycht occuryng to his mynde.
+  [Sidenote: “Leftest thou aught behind,” quoth the master, “about
+  Ban, king of Albanak, and his disinherited wife?”]
+    “Now,” q{uo}d the maiſtere, “left thow aght behynde
+    Of albenak the vorſchipful king ban,
+    The wich that vas in to my ſ{er}uice ſlan,                    1448
+    And of his wif diſheriſt eft alſo?
+    Bot of ther ſone, the wich was them fro,
+    Ne ſpek[T31] y not;”--the king in his entent
+    Abaſyt was, and furt{h}w{i}t{h} is he went                    1452
+  [Sidenote: The king again confesses, and returns,]
+    Aȝane, and to his confeſſour declarith;
+
+      [Footnote T31: MS. apparently has “srpek;” but a comparison
+      with line 1543 shews that the apparent _r_ is due to the meeting
+      of two slight flourishes belonging to the _s_ and _p_.]
+
+[Headnote: AND AGAIN ASKS FOR ADVICE.]
+
+    Syne to his maiſt{er} he ayane Reparith,
+    To quhome he ſaith, “I aftir my cu{n}yng
+    Your ordinans fulfillit in al thing;                          1456
+    And now right hartly y beſeich and prey,
+    Ȝhe wald w{i}t{h}ſchaif ſum thing to me ſay,
+  [Sidenote: prays for comfort,]
+    That may me comfort in my gret dreid,
+    And how my men ar falȝet in my Neid,                          1460
+  [Sidenote: and inquires about his dream.]
+    And of my dreme, the wich that is ſo dirk.”
+  [Sidenote: The master saith, “If thou art bound to work by my
+  counsel,]
+    This maiſt{er} ſaith, “and thow art bound to virk
+    [T32] ++AT my conſail, and if yow has maad
+    Thi confeſſione, as yow before hath ſaid,                     1464
+    And in thi conciens thinkith p{er}ſeuere,
+    As I p{re}ſume that thow onon ſhalt here
+    That god hyme-ſelf ſhal ſo for y^e p{ro}uide,
+  [Sidenote: thou shalt abide in thy kingdom.]
+    Thow ſhal Remayne and In thi Ring abyd.                       1468
+    And why thi men ar falȝet At this nede,                 [Fol. 19.]
+    At ſhort this is the cauß, ſhalt yow no{ch}t dred,
+    Fore thow to gode was frawart and p{er}wert;
+    Thi ryngne and the he tho{ch}t for to ſubwart;                1472
+    And yow ſal knaw na power may reciſt,
+    In contrar quhat god lykith to aſſi[ſ]t.
+
+      [Footnote T32: This line (though it should not) begins with an
+      illuminated letter.]
+
+[Headnote: KINGS DERIVE THEIR POWER FROM GOD.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Strength of victory cometh from God only.]
+    The vertw nore the ſtrenth of victory
+    It cu{m}myth not of man, bot an{er}ly                         1476
+    Of hyme, the wich haith eu{er}y ſtrinth; {and} than,
+    If that the waiis pleſſit hyme of man,
+    He ſhal have forß aȝane his e{n}nemys.
+    A-ryght agan apone the ſamyne vyß,                            1480
+  [Sidenote: Whoso displeases Him shall be subject to his enemies,
+  as we read in the Bible concerning the Jews.]
+    If he diſpleß vn to the lord, he ſhall
+    Be to his fais a ſubiet or a thrall,
+    As that we may In to the bible red,
+    Tueching the folk he tuk hyme-ſelf to led                     1484
+    In to the lond, the wich he them byhicht.
+    Ay when thei ȝhed in to his ways Richt,
+    Ther fois gon befor there ſuerd to no{ch}t;
+  [Sidenote: When they wrought against Him, they were so full of
+  fear that the sound of a falling leaf made a thousand flee.]
+    And when that thei ayanis hyme hath vro{ch}t,                 1488
+    Thei war ſo full of radur and diſſpare,
+    That of o leif fleing in the air,
+    The ſound of It haith gart o thouſand tak
+    At onys apone them-ſelf the bak,                              1492
+    And al ther manhed vterly foryhet;
+    Sich dreid the lord apone ther hart{is} set.
+    So ſhalt yow know no powar may w{i}t{h}ſtond,
+    Ther god hyme-ſelf hath ton the cauß on hond.                 1496
+  [Sidenote: Thine own offence is the reason why thy people fail
+  thee.]
+    And ye quhy ſtant in thyne awn offens,
+    That al thi puple falȝhet off defens.
+    And ſum ar falȝeing magre ther entent;
+    Thei ar to quhom thow yewyne hath thi rent,                   1500
+    Thi gret Reuard, thi richeß and thi gold,
+    And cheriſſith and held in thi houſhold.
+    Bot the moſt p{ar}t ar falȝheit the at wyll,
+  [Sidenote: Thou hast shewn some of them unkindness,]
+    To quhome yow haith wnkyndneß ſchawin till;                   1504
+    Wrong and i{n}Iure, and ek defalt of law,
+    And pwnyſing of qwhich that thei ſtand aw;
+    And makith ſ{er}uice but reward or fee,
+    Syne haith no thonk bot fre{m}mytneß of the.                  1508
+    Such folk to the cu{m}myth bot for dred,
+    Not of fre hart the for to help at nede.
+    And what awalith owthir ſheld or ſper,
+    Or horß or armoure according for ye were,                     1512
+    Vith-outen man them for to ſtere and led?              [Fol. 19b.]
+  [Sidenote: and a man that wanteth heart is dead.]
+    And man, yow wot, that vantith hart is ded,
+    That in to armys ſ{er}uith he of noght;
+    A cowart oft ful mekil harm haith vroght.                     1516
+    In multitude nore ȝhit in confluens
+    Of ſich, is nowther manhed nore defens.
+  [Sidenote: Thou hast so conducted thyself as to lose all thy
+  people’s hearts.]
+    And ſo thow hath the rewlyt, that almoſt
+    Of al thi puple the hart{is} ben ylost;                       1520
+    And tynt richt throw thyne awn myſgou{er}nans
+    Of auerice and of thyne errogans.
+  [Sidenote: What is a prince without honour?]
+    What is o prince? quhat is o gou{er}noure
+    W{i}t{h}outen fame of worſchip and honour?                    1524
+    What is his my{ch}t, ſuppos he be A lorde,
+    If that his folk ſal no{ch}t to hyme accorde?
+  [Sidenote: Can he by himself sustain his kingdom, by serving his
+  own appetite?]
+    May he his Rigne, may he his holl Empire
+    Suſten al only of his owne deſyre,                            1528
+    In ſerwyng of his wrechit appetit
+    Of awerice and of his awn delyt,
+    And hald his men, wncheriſt, in thraldome?
+  [Sidenote: His oppression of his people consumes his high estate,
+  and makes other kings war on them.]
+    Nay! that ſhal ſone his hie eſtat conſome.                    1532
+
+[Headnote: UNJUST KINGS ARE PUNISHED.]
+
+    For many o kny{ch}t[T33] therby is broght ydoune,
+    All vt{r}aly to ther confuſioune;
+    For oft it makith vther king{is} by
+    To wer on them In traſt of victory;                           1536
+    And oft als throw his peple is diſtroyth,
+    That fyndith them agrewit or anoyth;
+  [Sidenote: God also punishes their vices.”]
+    And god alſo oft w{i}t{h} his awn ſwerd,
+    Punyſith ther wyſis one this erd.                             1540
+    Thus falith not o king but gou{er}nans,
+    Boith realme and he goith one to myſchans.”
+
+      [Footnote T33: “king” (?).]
+
+[Headnote: A MESSAGE FROM GALIOT.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Meanwhile, the king of a hundred knights and the
+  first-conquest king come from Galiot,]
+    ++AS thai war thus ſpeking of this thinge,
+    Frome galiot cam two kny{ch}t{is} to the king;                1544
+    That one the king of hund{er}eth kny{ch}t{is} was;
+    That other to nome the fyrst-co{n}queſt king[T34] has,
+    At firſt that galyot conquerit of one.
+    The n{er}eſt way one to the king thei gon,                    1548
+    And vp he roß, as he that wel cout{h} do
+    Honor, to quhome that It afferith to;
+    And ȝhit he wiſt not at thei king{is} were;
+    So them[T35] thei boith and vyt{h} ry{ch}t knyghtly cher      1552
+    Reu{er}endly thei ſaluſt hyme, and thane
+  [Sidenote: and the former delivers his message, to the effect that]
+    The king of hund{er} knyght{is} he began
+    And ſaid hyme, “ſ{ir}, to ȝow my lord ws ſende,
+    Galiot, whilk bad ws ſay he wende,                1556  [Fol. 20.]
+    That of this world the vorthieſt king wor ȝhe,
+    Greteſt of men and of awtoritee.
+
+      [Footnote T34: MS. “kinghe,” a spelling due to confusion with
+      “knight.” See l. 1533.]
+
+[Headnote: A TRUCE PROPOSED AND ACCEPTED.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Galiot wonders at the feebleness of Arthur’s folk,]
+    Wharof he has gret wond{er} that ȝhe ar
+    So feble cu{m}myne In to his contrare,                        1560
+    For to defend your cuntre {and} your londe,
+    And knowith well ȝhe may hyme no{ch}t w{i}t{h}ſtonde.
+    Wharfor he thinkith no worſchip to conquere,
+    Nore in the wer{is} more to p{er}ſyuere;                      1564
+    Conſiddir yowr wakneß and yowr Indegens,
+    Aȝanis hyme as now to mak defens.
+  [Sidenote: and is willing to grant a year’s truce,]
+    Wharfore, my lord haith grantit by vs here
+    Trewis to yhow and reſput for o ȝhere,                        1568
+  [Sidenote: if Arthur will return to fight against him in a year’s
+  time;]
+    If that yhow lykith by the ȝher{is} ſpace
+    For to retwrn ayane In to this place,
+    Her to manteine yhour cuntre and w{i}t{h}ſtond
+    Hyme w{i}t{h} the holl power of yhour lond.                   1572
+    And for the tyme the trewis ſhal endure,
+    Yhour cuntre and yhour lond he will aſſurre;
+    And wit ȝhe ȝhit his powar is no{ch}t here.
+    And als he bad ws ſay yhow by the yhere,                      1576
+  [Sidenote: and desires to have the red knight in his household.]
+    The gud kny{ch}t wich that the Red armys bure
+    And in the feild maid the diſcumfiture,
+    The whilk the flour of kny{ch}thed may be cold,
+    He thinkith hyme to haue of his houſhold.”                    1580
+    “Well,” q{uo}d the king, “I have hard quhat yhe ſay,
+    But if god will, and ek if that I may,
+    In to ſich wyß I think for to withſtond,
+    Yhour lord ſhall have no powar of my londe.”                  1584
+  [Sidenote: Arthur rejoices at the truce,]
+    Of this meſag the king Reioſing haß,
+    And of the trewis wich that grantit was,
+    Bot anoyt ȝhit of the kny{ch}t was he,
+    Wich thei awant to have in ſuch dogre.                        1588
+    Ther leif thei tuk; and when at thei war gon,
+  [Sidenote: which the master attributes to God’s providence, and
+  exhorts him, saying,]
+    [T36] ++This maiſt{er} ſaith, “how lykith god diſpone!
+
+      [Footnote T35: “then” (?).]
+      [Footnote T36: The initial T is illuminated.]
+
+    Now may yhow ſe {and} ſuth is my recorde;
+    For by hyme now is makith this accord;                        1592
+    And by non vthir worldly p{ro}videns,
+    Sauf only grant of his bynewolans,
+    To ſe if that the lykith to amend,
+    And to p{ro}uid thi cuntre to defend.                         1596
+    Wharfor yow ſhalt in to thi lond home fair,
+    And gowerne the as that I ſhall declaire.
+  [Sidenote: “First, serve God with humble heart, and let the wand
+  of law pass through the land.]
+    Firſt, thi god with humble hart yow ſerfe,             [Fol. 20b.]
+    And his comand at al thi my{ch}t obſerf;                      1600
+    And ſyne, lat paß the ilk bleſſit wonde
+    Of lowe w{i}t{h} m{er}cy Iuſtly throw thi londe;
+    And y beſeich--to quhome yow ſal direke
+    The rewle vpone, the wrang{is} to correk--                    1604
+    That yow be no{ch}t in thi electioune blynde;
+    For writin It Is and yow ſal trew It fynde.
+    That, be thei for to thonk or ell{is} blame,
+    And towart god thi p{ar}t ſhal be the ſam̅;                   1608
+    Of Ignorans ſhalt yow no{ch}t be excuſit,
+    Bot in ther werk{is} ſorly be accuſit,
+    For thow ſhuld eu{er} cheß apone ſich wyß
+  [Sidenote: Thus shalt thou choose the ministers of justice.]
+    The mi{ni}ſteris[T37] that rewll haith of Iustice:--          1612
+
+[Headnote: HOW TO CHOOSE JUDGES.]
+
+    Firſt, that he be deſcret til wnd{er}ſtond
+    And lowe and ek the mat{er} of the londe;
+    And be of my{ch}t and ek Autoritee,
+    (For puple ay {con}tempnith low degre,)                       1616
+    And that of trouth he folow furth the way;
+    That is als mych as he louyth trewth alway,
+    And haitith al them the wich ſal pas therfro.
+    Syne, that he god dreid and lowe al-so.                       1620
+  [Sidenote: Avoid avaricious and wrathful men.]
+    Of auerice be-war with the deſyre,
+    And of hyme full of haſtynes {and} fyre;
+    Be-war thar-for of malice and deſire,
+    And hyme alſo that lowith no medyre;                          1624
+    For al this abhomi{n}able was hold,
+    When Iuſtice was in to the tymis olde.
+    For qwho that is of an of thir by-know,
+    The leſt of them ſubu{er}tith all the low,                    1628
+    And makith It w[n]Iustly[T38] to p{ro}cede;
+
+      [Footnote T37: MS. “mīſteris.”]
+      [Footnote T38: MS. “w Iustly.”]
+
+[Headnote: KINGS MUST BE JUST AND TRUE.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Eschew unfit men, for this shall be thy meed in the day
+  of judgment.]
+    Eſchew tharfor, for this ſal be thi meid
+    Apone the day when al thing goith aright,
+    Whar none excuß hidyng ſchal ye lyght;                        1632
+    But he the Iug, that no man may ſuſſpek,
+    Eu{er}y thing ful Iuſtly ſal correk.
+    Be-war thar-w{i}t{h}, as before have I told,
+    And cheß them wyſly that thi low ſhal hold.                   1636
+    And als I will that it well oft be sen,
+    Richt to thi-self how thei thi low {con}ten;
+  [Sidenote: Be diligent to inquire how judgment is given.]
+    And how the Right, and how the dom is went,
+    For to Inquer that yow be delygent.                           1640
+    And punyß for, for o thing ſhal yow know,               [Fol. 21.]
+    The most treſpas is to ſubuert the low,
+    So that yow be not in thar gilt accuſit,
+    And frome the froit of bliſſit folk refuſit.                  1644
+  [Sidenote: Visit every chief town throughout the bounds of thy
+  kingdom.]
+    And pas yow ſhalt to euery chef toune,
+    Throw-out the boundis of thi Regioune
+    Whar yow ſall be, that Iuſtice be Elyk
+    With-out diuiſione baith to pur {and} ryk.                    1648
+    And that thi puple have [ane] awdiens
+    W{i}t{h} thar complant{is}, and alſo thi p{rese}ns;
+    For qwho his eris frome the puple ſtekith,
+    And not his hond in ther ſupport furth rekith,                1652
+    His dom ſall be ful grewous & ful hard,
+    When he ſal cry and he ſal no{ch}t be hard.
+  [Sidenote: Give thine ears to the poor.]
+    Wharfor thyne eris ifith to the pwre,
+    Bot in redreß of ned, & not of i{n}Iure;                      1656
+    Thus ſall thei don of Reſſone & knawlag.
+
+  [Sidenote: Kings, while minors, may be excused; but, when
+  of age, they must punish those that have wrested justice.]
+    ++But king{is} when thei ben of tend{er} ag,
+    Y wil not ſay I traſt thei ben excuſit,
+    Bot ſchortly thei ſall be ſar accuſit,                        1660
+    When ſo thei cum to yheris of Reſone,
+    If thei tak not full contriſioune,
+    And pwnyß them that hath ther low myſgyit.
+    That this is trouth it may not be denyit;                     1664
+    For vther ways thei ſal them not diſcharg,
+    [Excep thei pwnyß them that have the charg][T39]
+    One eſtatis of ther realm, that ſhold
+    W{i}t{h}-in his ȝouth ſe that his low be hold.[T40]           1668
+  [Sidenote: Temper justice with mercy.]
+    And thus thow the, w{i}t{h} mercy, kep alway
+    Of Iuſtice furt{h} the ilk bleſſit way.
+
+      [Footnote T39: A blank space here occurs, just sufficient to
+      contain one line.]
+      [Footnote T40: MS. “behold.”]
+
+  [Sidenote: Be true and stable in thy words.]
+    ++And of thi wordis beis trew and ſtable,
+    Spek not to mych, nore be not vareable.                       1672
+    O king{is} word ſhuld be o king{is} bonde,
+    And ſaid It is, a king{is} word ſhuld ſtond;
+    O king{is} word, among our fad{er}is old,
+    Al-out more p{re}cious & more ſur was hold                    1676
+    Than was the oth or ſeel of any wight;
+  [Sidenote: A king should be the very light of truth.]
+    O king of trouth ſuld be the werray lyght,
+    So treuth and Iuſtice to o king accordyth.
+    And als, as thir clerk{is} old recordith,                     1680
+    [T41] ++In tyme is larges and humilitee
+    Right well according vnto hie dugre,
+    And pleſſith boith to god and man al-so;
+    Wharfor I wil, in{con}tine{n}t thow go,          1684  [Fol. 21b.]
+    And of thi lond in euery p{ar}t abide,
+    Whar yow gar fet and clep one eu{er}y ſid
+    Out of thi cuntreis, and ek out of thi tovnis,
+  [Sidenote: Invite thy dukes, earls, great barons, thy poor knights,
+  and thy bachelors, and welcome them severally.]
+    Thi duk{is}, erlis, and thi gret baronis,                     1688
+    Thi pur kny{ch}t{is}, and thi bach[e]ler{is},
+    And them reſauf als hartly as afferis,
+    And be them-ſelf yow welcum them ilkon:
+    Syne, them to glaid and cheris, thee diſpone                  1692
+    With feſting and with humyll {con}tynans.
+
+      [Footnote T41: The initial I is illuminated; rather because
+      there is here a change of subject than because it begins a new
+      sentence.]
+
+[Headnote: KINGS SHOULD CHERISH ALL MEN.]
+
+    Be not penſyve, nore proud in arrogans,
+  [Sidenote: Keep company not with the rich man only, but with the
+  poor worthy man also.]
+    Bot w{i}t{h} them hold in gladnes cumpany;
+    Not with the Rich nor myghty an{er}ly,                        1696
+    Bot with the pure worthi man alſo,
+    W{i}t{h} them thow ſit, w{i}t{h} them yow ryd and go.
+    I ſay not to be our fameliar,
+    For, as the moſt philoſephur can duclar,                      1700
+  [Sidenote: Yet remember that familiarity breeds contempt.]
+    To mych to oyß familiaritee
+    Contempnyng bryngith one to hie dugre;
+    Bot cherice them w{i}t{h} wordis fair depay{n}t,
+    So with thi pupelle ſal yow the aquay{n}t.                    1704
+  [Sidenote: Choose out of each district an aged knight to be thy
+  counsellor.]
+    Than of ilk cuntre wyſly yow enquere
+    An agit kny{ch}t to be thi conſulere,
+    That haith ben hold in armys Richt fam{us},
+    Wyß and diſcret, & no thing Inwy{us};                         1708
+    For there is non that knowith ſo wel, I-wyß,
+    O worthy man as he that worthi Is.
+
+[Headnote: KINGS MUST BE LIBERAL.]
+
+  [Sidenote: When thou hast sojourned long in a place, then provide
+  thee with plenty of horses, armour, gold, silver, and clothing;]
+    When well long haith yow ſwiornyt i{n} a place,
+    And well acqueynt the v{i}t{h} thi puple has,                 1712
+    Than ſhalt thow ordand & p{ro}wid the
+    Of horß and ek of armour gret plente;
+    Of gold, and ſilu{er}, tressore, and cleithing,
+    And euery Riches that lo{n}gith to o king;                    1716
+  [Sidenote: and, before leaving, distribute gifts liberally.]
+    And when the lykith for to tak thi leif,
+    By largeß thus yow thi reward geif,
+    First to the pure worthy honorable,
+    That is til armys and til ma{n}hed able;                      1720
+    (Set he be pur, ȝhit worſchip in hyme bidith);
+  [Sidenote: Give to the poor worthy man the horse thou thyself
+  ridest.]
+    If hyme the horß one wich thi-ſelwyne Ridith,
+    And bid hyme that he Rid hyme for yhour ſak;
+    Syne til hyme gold and ſilu{er} yow betak;                    1724
+    The horß to hyme for worſchip and prowes,
+    The treſor for his fredome and larges.
+    If moſt of Riches and of Cheriſing;                    [Fol. 22a.]
+    Eftir this gud kny{ch}t berith vitneſing.                     1728
+  [Sidenote: Give to thy tenants and vavasours easy hackneys,
+  palfries, and coursers.]
+    Syne to thi te{n}nand{is} & to thi wawaſouris
+    If eſſy haknays, palfrais, and curſouris,
+    And robis ſich as pleſand ben and fair;
+    Syne to thi lord{is}, wich at my{ch}ty aire,                  1732
+  [Sidenote: Give to thy lords things strange and uncouth.]
+    As duk{is}, erlis, princ{is}, and ek king{is},
+    Yow if them ſtrang, yow if them vncout{h} thing{is},
+    As diu{er}ß iowell{is}, and ek p{re}ciouß ſtonis,
+    Or halk{is}, hundis, ordinit for the nonis,                   1736
+    Or wantone horß that can no{ch}t ſtand in ſtāble;
+    Thar gift{is} mot be fair and delitable.
+    Thus, firſt vn to the vorthi pur yow if
+    Giftis, that may ther pouerte Releif;                         1740
+    And to the rich ift{is} of pleſans,
+    That thei be fair, ſet no{ch}t of gret ſubſtans;
+    For riches aſkith no thing bot delyt,
+    And powert haith ay ane appetyt                               1744
+    For to support ther ned and Indigens:
+    Thus ſhall yow if and makith thi diſpens.
+  [Sidenote: So, too, shall the queen give to maidens and ladies,]
+    And ek the quen, my lady, ſhalt alſo
+    To madenis and to ladeis, quhar ȝhe go,                       1748
+    If, and cheriß one the ſamyne wyß;
+  [Sidenote: for all thy welfare lies in liberality.]
+    For in to largeß al thi welfar lyis.
+    And if thy gift{is} with ſich {con}tinans
+    That thei be ſen ay gifyne v{i}t{h} pleſans;                  1752
+    The wyß man ſais, and ſuth it is app{ro}uit,
+    Thar is no thonk, thar is no ift alowit,
+    Bot It be ifyne In to ſich manere,
+  [Sidenote: Remember that the giver should be as glad in his cheer
+  as the receiver.]
+    (That is to ſay, als glaid i{n} to his chere),                1756
+    As he the wich the ift of hyme Reſauith;
+    And do he not, the gifar is diſſauith.
+
+[Headnote: LIBERAL KINGS ARE LOVED IN LIFE,]
+
+    For who that iff{is}, as he not if wald,
+    Mor p{ro}fit war his ift for to w{i}t{h}-hald;                1760
+    His thonk he tynith, and his ift alſo.
+    Bot that thow ifith, if w{i}t{h} boith two,
+  [Sidenote: Give with both hand and heart at once;]
+    That is to ſay, vith hart and hand atonis;
+    And ſo the wyſman ay ye ift diſponis.                         1764
+    Beith larg and iff{is} frely of thi thing;
+  [Sidenote: for liberality is the treasure of a king.]
+    For largeß is the treſour of o king,
+    And not this other Iowell{is} nor this gold
+    That is in to thi treſory with-holde.                         1768
+    Who gladly iffith, be vertew of larges                 [Fol. 22b.]
+  [Sidenote: Whoso gives liberally, his treasury increases.]
+    His treſory encreſis of Richeſß,
+    And ſal aȝañe the mor al-out reſawe.
+  [Sidenote: For the receiver shall place his goods at the king’s
+  disposal,]
+    For he to quhome he ȝewith ſall hawe,                         1772
+    Firſt his body, ſyne his hart with two,
+    His gudis al for to diſpone also
+  [Sidenote: who shall gain, moreover, both worship and praise.]
+    In his ſ{er}uice; and mor atour he ſhall
+    Have O thing, and that is beſt of all;                        1776
+    That is to ſay, the worſchip and the loß
+    That vpone larges in this world furth goß.
+    And yow ſhal knaw the lawbour & the preß
+    In to this erth about the gret Richeß.                        1780
+  [Sidenote: Is there any labour except for meat and clothing?
+  All the remnant is for fame.]
+    Is ony, bot[T42] apone the cauß we see
+    Of met, of cloth, & of p{ro}ſperitee?
+    All the remanant ſtant apone the name
+    Of purches, furth apone this world{is} fame.                  1784
+    And well yow wot, in thyne allegians
+    Ful many Is, the wich haith ſufficians
+    Of euery thing that longith to ther ned;                      1787
+    What haith yow more, qwich [haith] them al to lede,
+    For al thi Realmys and thi gret Riches,
+    If that yow lak of worſchip the encreß?
+    Well leß, al-out; for eft{er} thar eſtate
+    Thei have vorſchip, and kepith It al-gat;                     1792
+    And yow degradith al thyne hie dugree,
+    That ſo ſchuld ſhyne In to nobelitee,
+    Throuch wys and throw the wrechitneß of hart.
+
+      [Footnote T42: MS. “Is ony bout bot;” “bout” being defaced.]
+
+[Headnote: AND COMMENDED AFTER DEATH.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Knowest thou not what shall be thy part, when thou
+  passest away from this world?]
+    And knowis yow not what ſall be[T43] thi part,                1796
+    Out of this world when yow ſal paß the courß?
+    Fair well, I-wyß! yow neu{er} ſhall Recourß
+    Whar no prince more ſhall the subiet[T44] have,
+    But be als dep in to the erd y-grave,                         1800
+  [Sidenote: Virtue and honour will alone remain.]
+    Sauf vertew only and worſchip wich abidith;
+    W{i}t{h} them the world apone the laif dewidith;
+  [Sidenote: And if thy successor be liberal, he will be commended
+  of the world;]
+    And if he, wich ſhal eftir the ſucced,
+    By larges ſpend, of quhich that yhow had dreid,               1804
+    He of the world comendit is and priſit,
+    And yow ſtant furth of euery thing diſpiſit;
+    The puple ſaith and demyth thus of thee,
+    “Now is he gone, a werray vrech was hee,                      1808
+    And he the wich that is our king and lord
+    Boith wertew haith & larges in accorde;
+    Welcum be he!” and ſo the puple ſoundith.
+    Thus through thi viß his wertew mor aboundith,   1812  [Fol. 23a.]
+  [Sidenote: and his virtue will abound through thy vice.]
+    And his vertew the more thi wice furth ſchawith.
+    Wharfor ȝhe, wich that princes ben y-knawith,
+    Lat not yhour vrechit hart so yhow dant,
+    That he that cu{m}myth next yhow may awant                    1816
+    To be mor larg, nore more to be co{m}mendit;
+
+      [Footnote T43: MS. has “by.”]
+      [Footnote T44: MS. has “subei^et.”]  [[superscript e only]]
+
+[Headnote: LIBERAL KINGS WIN SUBJECTS,]
+
+  [Sidenote: Riches well spent are the best kept.]
+    Best kepit Is the Riches well diſpendit.
+    O ȝhe, the wich that king{is} ben, fore ſham
+    Remembrith yhow, this world hath bot o naam̅                  1820
+    Of good or ewill, eft{er} ȝhe ar gone!
+    And wyſly tharfor cheſſith yhow the toñ
+    Wich moſt accordith to nobilitee,
+    And knytith larges to yhour hie degre.                        1824
+    For qwhar that fredome In O p{ri}nce Ri{n}gnis,
+    It bryngith In the victory of king{is},
+    And makith realmys and puple boith to dout,
+    And ſubect{is}[T45] of the cuntre al about.                   1828
+  [Sidenote: Whoso will be a conqueror, let him not reck to give
+  largely.]
+    And qwho that thinkith ben o co{n}querour,
+    Suppos his largeß ſumquhat pas myſour,
+    Ne rak he nat, bot frely iffith ay;
+    And as he wynyth, beis var al-way                             1832
+    To mych nor ȝhit to gredy that he hold,
+    Wich ſal the hart{is} of the puple colde.
+  [Sidenote: Both love and fear spring from liberality.]
+    And low and radour cu{m}myth boith two
+    Of larges; Reid and ȝhe ſal fynd It ſo.                       1836
+    Alex{ander} this lord the warld that wan,
+    Firſt w{i}t{h} the ſuerd of larges he began,
+  [Sidenote: Alexander gave so liberally,]
+    And as he wynith ifith largely,
+    He rakith No thing bot of cheuelry;                           1840
+    Wharfor of hyme ſo paſſith the Renown,
+  [Sidenote: that many cities desired to have such a lord,]
+    That many o cetee, and many o ſtrang towñ
+    Of his worſchip that herith the Recorde,
+    Diſſirith ſo to haveing ſich o lorde;                         1844
+  [Sidenote: and offered themselves peaceably to him, though they
+  were manly men of war.]
+    And offerith them w{i}t{h}-outen ſtrok of ſpere,
+    Suppos that thei war manly men of were,
+    But only for his gentilleß that thei
+    Have hard; and ſo he louit was al-way                         1848
+    For his larges, humilitee, and manhed,
+    W{i}t{h} his awn folk, that neu{er}more, we Reid,
+    For al his weris nor his gret trawell,                 [Fol. 23b.]
+    In al his tym that thei hyme onys faill;                      1852
+    Bot in his worſchip al thar beſynes
+    Thei ſet, and lewith in to no diſtres;
+    Whar-throw the ſuerd of victory he berith.
+
+      [Footnote T45: Or “subett{is}.”]
+
+[Headnote: BUT UNJUST ONES DESPOIL THEM.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Many princes bear the palm of victory, through
+  liberality;]
+    And many prince full oft the palm werith,                     1856
+    As has ben hard, by largeß, of before,
+    In conqueringe of Rignis & of glore.
+  [Sidenote: while miserliness hath made realms desolate.]
+    And wrechitnes Richt ſo, in the contrar,
+    Haith Realmys maid ful deſolat & bare,                        1860
+    And king{is} broght doun from ful hie eſtat;
+    And who that Red ther old buk{is}, wat
+    The vicis lef, the wertew have in mynde,
+    And takith larges In his awn kynd;                            1864
+  [Sidenote: Choose the mean between prodigality and avarice.]
+    A-myd ſtanding of the vicis two,
+    Prodegalitee and awerice alſo.
+    Wharfor her-of It nedith not to more,
+    So mych ther-of haith clerk{is} vrit to-fore.                 1868
+  [Sidenote: Whoso chooses to be liberal,]
+    Bot who the wertw of larges & the law
+    Sal cheß, mot ned conſidir well & knaw
+  [Sidenote: must understand three things: the _amount he has_,
+  to _whom_ he giveth, and the _fit time_ for giving.]
+    In to hyme-ſelf, and thir thre wnd{er}ſtande,
+    The ſubſtans firſt, the powar of his land,                    1872
+    Whome to he iffith, and the cauß wharfore,
+    The nedful tyme awatith eu{er}more.
+    Kepith thir thre; for qwho that ſal exced
+    His rent, he fallith ſodandly in nede.                        1876
+  [Sidenote: (1) The king that becomes _indigent_ overthrows his
+  subjects.]
+    And ſo the king, that on to myſt{er} drowis,
+    His subiett{is} and his puple he our-thrawis,
+    And them diſpolȝeith boith of lond and Rent;
+    So is the king, ſo is the puple ſchent.                       1880
+  [Sidenote: For the voice of the oppressed shrieketh up ceaselessly
+  to heaven;]
+    For-quhi the woice It ſcrik[i]th vp ful ewyne
+    W{i}t{h}-out abaid, and paſſith to the hewyne,
+    Whar god hyme-ſelf reſauith ther the crye
+    Of the oppreſioune and the teranny,                           1884
+  [Sidenote: and God smiteth down with the sword of vengeance.]
+    And vith the ſuerd of wengans dou{n} y-ſmytith,
+    The wich that caruith al to ſor, and bitith,
+    And hyme diſtroyth, as has ben hard or this
+    Of euery king that wirkith ſich o mys.                        1888
+    For ther is few eſchapith them, It ſall
+  [Sidenote: For God hath given the king the wand of justice:]
+    Boith vpone hyme & his ſucceſſione fall;
+    For he forſuth haith ifyne hyme the wond
+    To Iuſtefy and Reull in pece his lond,           1892  [Fol. 24a.]
+    The puple all ſubmytit to his cure;
+    And he aȝan one to no creatur
+    Save only ſhall vn to his gode obey.
+
+[Headnote: BEWARE OF INJUSTICE AND FLATTERY.]
+
+    And if he paſſith ſo far out of the wey,                      1896
+  [Sidenote: and if he oppresses them whom he should rule,]
+    Them to oppreß, that he ſhuld reul & gid,
+    Ther heritag, there gwdis to dewide,
+    Ye, wnd{er} whome that he moſt nedis ſtond,
+  [Sidenote: God shall stretch His mighty hand for correction.]
+    At correccioune ſal ſtrek his my{ch}ty hond,                  1900
+    Not euery day, bot ſhal at onys fall
+    On hyme, mayhap, and his ſucceſcione all.
+  [Sidenote: Herein, alas! is the blindness of kings.]
+    In this, allace! the blynd{is} of the king{is},
+    And Is the fall of princ{is} and of Rygnis.                   1904
+    The moſt wertew, the gret Intellegens,
+  [Sidenote: The blessed token of a king’s wisdom is for him to
+  restrain his hand from his people’s riches.]
+    The bleſſit tokyne of wyſdom and prudens
+    Iſß, in o king, for to reſtren his honde
+    Frome his pupleis Riches & ther lond.                         1908
+    Mot euery king have this wice i{n} mynd
+    In tyme, and not when that he ned fynde!
+    And in thi larges beith war, I pray,
+  [Sidenote: (2) Choose a _fitting time_.]
+    Of nedful tyme, for than is beſt alway.                       1912
+  [Sidenote: (3) Take care _to whom_ you give.]
+    Awyß the ek quhome to that thow ſalt if,
+    Of there fam, and ek how that thei leif;
+  [Sidenote: Let not the virtuous and the vicious stand in the same
+  degree.]
+    And of the wertws and wicious folk alſo,
+    I the beſeich dewidith well thir two,                         1916
+    So that thei ſtond no{ch}t in[to] o degree;
+    Diſcreccioune ſall mak the diu{er}ſitee,
+    Wich clepith the mod{er} of al vertewis.
+
+[Headnote: FLATTERERS SUCCEED WHEN KINGS ARE FOOLISH.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Beware of flattery.]
+    And beith war, I the beſeich of this,                         1920
+    That is to ſay of flatry, wich that longith
+    To court, and al the king{is} larges fongith.
+    The vertuouß man no thing thar-of reſauith,
+    The flatterer{is} now ſo the king diſſauith                   1924
+    And blyndith them that wot no thing, I-wyß,
+    When thei do well, or quhen thei do o myß;
+    And latith king{is} oft til wnd{er}ſtonde
+    Thar vicis, and ek ye falt{is} of ther lond.                  1928
+    In to the realme about o king Is holde
+  [Sidenote: A flatterer is worse than a storm or a pestilence.]
+    O flatterere were than is the ſtormys cold,
+    Or peſtelens, and mor the realme anoyith;
+    For he the law and puple boith diſtroyith.                    1932
+  [Sidenote: Three things make flatterers in favour.]
+    And in to principall ben ther three thing{is},         [Fol. 24b.]
+    That cauſſith flattereris ſtonding w{i}t{h} the king{is};
+  [Sidenote: First, the blind ignorance of kings.]
+    And on, It is the blyndit Ignorans
+    Of king{is}, wich that hath no gou{er}nans                    1936
+    To wnd{er}ſtond who doith ſich o myß;
+    But who that fareſt ſchewith hym, I-wyß,
+    Moſt ſuffiſith and beſt to his pleſans.
+    Wo to the realme that havith ſich o chans!                    1940
+  [Sidenote: Secondly, where a king is vicious himself.]
+    And ſecundly, quhar that o king Is
+    Weciuß hyme-ſelf, he cheriſſith, ywys,
+    Al them the wich that one to vicis ſoundith,
+    Whar-throw that vicis and flattery ek aboundith.              1944
+  [Sidenote: Thirdly, where the king is so foolish, that he knows
+  their flattery, yet withdraws from reproving them.]
+    The thrid, is the ilk ſchrewit harrmful wice,
+    Wich makith o king w{i}t{h}in hyme-ſelf ſo nyce,
+    That al thar flattry and ther gilt he knowith
+    In to his wit, and ȝhit he hyme w{i}t{h}-drowith              1948
+    Them to repref, and of ther vicis he wot;
+    And this It is wich that diſſemblyng hot,
+    That in no way accordith for o king.
+    Is he not ſet abuf apone his Ri{n}gne,                        1952
+    As ſou{er}ane his puple for to lede?
+  [Sidenote: Why should a king spare to say the truth?]
+    Whi ſchuld he ſpare, or quhom of ſchuld he dred
+    To ſay the treuth, as he of Right is hold?
+    And if ſo ware that al the king{is} wold,                     1956
+    When that his leg{is} comytit ony wyce,
+    As beith not to ſchamful, nore to nyce,
+    That thei preſume that he is negligent,
+  [Sidenote: He should reprove without dissembling, as it is fitting.]
+    But als far as he thinkith that thei myß-went,                1960
+    But diſſemblyng reprewith as afferis;
+    And pwnice them quhar pwnyſing Requeris,
+    Sauf only m{er}cy in the tyme of ned.
+    And ſo o king he ſchuld his puple led,                        1964
+    That no treſpaß, that cu{m}myth in his way,
+    Shuld paß his hond wne-pwniſt away;
+    Nore no good deid in to the ſamyn degree,
+    Nore no wertew, ſuld wn-Reuardid bee.                         1968
+  [Sidenote: Then flattery, that now is high, should be low.]
+    Than flattry ſhuld, that now is he, be low,
+    And wice from the king{is} court w{i}t{h}-drow;
+    His miniſt{er}is that ſhuld the Iuſtice reull,
+    Shuld kep well furt{h} of quiet & reull,                      1972
+    That now, god wat, as It conſerwit Is,
+    The ſtere is loſt, and al is gon amys;
+    And vertew ſhuld hame to the court hyme dreß,          [Fol. 25a.]
+    That exillith goith in to the wild{er}nes.                    1976
+
+[Headnote: WISE KINGS MAKE A WISE PEOPLE.]
+
+  [Sidenote: If a king thus stood like his own degree, his people
+  would be virtuous and wise.]
+    Thus if o king ſtud lyk his awn degree,
+    Wertwis and wyß than ſhuld his puple bee,
+    Only ſet by vertew hyme to pleß,
+    And ſore adred his wiſdom to diſpleß.                         1980
+    And if that he towart the vicis draw,
+    His folk ſall go on to that ilk law;
+    What ſhal hyme pleß that wil no{ch}t ell{is} fynd,
+    Bot ther-apon ſetith al ther mynde.                           1984
+  [Sidenote: Thus the rule of his people and kingdom standeth only
+  in the king’s virtue.]
+    Thus only in the wertew of o king
+    The reull ſtant of his puple & his ringne,
+    If he be wyß and, but diſſemblyng, ſchewis,
+    As I have ſaid, the vicis one to ſchrewis.                    1988
+    And ſo thus, ſ{ir}, It ſtant apone thi will
+    For to omend thi puple, or to ſpill;
+    Or have thi court of vertewis folk, or fullis;
+  [Sidenote: Since thou art wholly master of the schools, teach them,
+  and they shall gladly learn.”]
+    Sen yow art holl maiſt{er} of the ſcoullis                    1992
+    Teichith them, and thei ſal gladly leir,
+    That is to ſay, that thei may no thing heir[T46]
+    Sauf only wertew towart thyn eſtat;
+    And cheriß them that wertews ben algait.                      1996
+    And thinkith what that wertew is to thee;
+    It pleſſith god, vphaldith thi degree.”
+  [Sidenote: Arthur considers his counsel profitable.]
+    “Maiſt{er},” q{uo}d he, “me think ry{ch}t profitable
+    Yowr conſeell Is, and wond{er} honorable                      2000
+    For me, and good; ry{ch}t well I have {con}ſauit,
+    And in myne hart{is} Inwartneß reſauit.
+    I ſhal fulfill and do yowr ordynans
+    Als far of wit as I have ſuffiſans;                           2004
+    Bot y beſeich yow, in til hartly wyß,
+  [Sidenote: He beseeches him to expound his dream,]
+    That of my drem ȝhe ſo to me dewyß,
+    The wich ſo long haith occupeid my mynd,
+  [Sidenote: how he shall only find help through the water-lion,
+  the leech, and the flower.]
+    How that I ſhal no man{er} ſucour fynd                        2008
+    Bot only throw the wattir lyon, & ſyne
+    The leich that is w{i}t{h}outen medyſyne;
+    And of the conſell of the flour; wich ayre
+    Wond{er}is lyk that no man can duclar.”                       2012
+
+      [Footnote T46: Or, “leir.” MS. apparently has “leir,” corrected
+      to “heir.”]
+
+[Headnote: THE WATER-LION MEANS GOD.]
+
+    ++“Now, ſ{ir},” q{uod} he, “and I of them al thre,
+    What thei betakyne ſhal I ſchaw to the,
+  [Sidenote: The master’s explanation.]
+    Such as the clerk{is} at them ſpecifiit;
+    Thei vſit no thing what thei ſignefiit.          2016  [Fol. 25b.]
+  [Sidenote: The water-lion is the very God.]
+    The wattir lyone Is the god werray,
+    God to the lyone is lyknyt many way;
+    But thei have hyme In to the wattir ſeñ,
+    Confuſit were ther wittis al, y weñ;                          2020
+  [Sidenote: The water is men’s fragility;]
+    The wattir was ther awn fragelitee,
+    And thar treſpas, and thar Inequitee
+    In to this world, the wich thei ſtond y-cloſit;
+    That was the wattir wich thei have ſuppoſit,                  2024
+    That haith there knowlag maad ſo Inp{er}fyt;
+    Thar ſyne & ek ther worldis gret delyt,
+    As clowdy wattir, was eu{er}more betweñ,
+  [Sidenote: whereby they see not the lion perfectly.]
+    That thei the lyone p{er}fitly hath no{ch}t ſeñ;              2028
+    Bot as the wattir, wich was y{er} awn ſyn{n}e,
+    That eu{er}mor thei ſtond confuſit In.
+  [Sidenote: Had men been always religious, they had seen the lion
+  not in water, but clearly.]
+    If thei haith ſtond in to religioñ clen,
+    Thei had the lyone Not in watt{er} ſen,                       2032
+    Bot clerly vp in to the hewyne abuf,
+    Et{er}naly whar he ſhal not remufe.
+    And eu{er}more in vatt{er} of ſyne vas hee,
+    For-quhi It is Impoſſeble for to bee;[T47]                    2036
+  [Sidenote: The world is enclosed in the darkness of their sin.]
+    And thus the world, wich that thei ar In,
+    Y-cloſit Is in dyrknes of ther ſyne;
+    And ek the thikneß of the air betwen
+    The lyone mad in vattir to be ſen.                            2040
+    For It was no{ch}t bot ſtrenth of ther clergy
+    Wich thei have here, and It is bot erthly,
+    That makith them there reſou{n}s dewyß,
+    And ſe the lyone thus in erthly wyß.                          2044
+  [Sidenote: The lion is God’s son, Jesu Christ.]
+    This is the lyone, god, and goddis sone,
+    Ih{es}u criſt, wich ay in hewyne ſal won{n}e.
+    For as the lyone of euery beſt is king,
+    So is he lord and maiſt{er} of al thing,                      2048
+    That of the bleſſit vyrgyne vas y-bore.
+    Ful many a natur the lyone haith, quhar-fore
+    That he to god reſemblyt is, bot I
+    Lyk not mo at this tyme ſpecify.                              2052
+    This is the lyone, thar-of have yow no dred,
+    That ſhal the help and comfort In thi ned.
+
+      [Footnote T47: “see”(?).]
+
+[Headnote: THE LEECH WITHOUT MEDICINE IS CHRIST.]
+
+    ++The ſentens here now woll I the defyne
+  [Sidenote: The leech without medicine is also God.]
+    Of hyme, the lech w{i}t{h}outen medyſyne,                     2056
+    Wich is the god that euery thing hath vroght.
+    For yow may know that vther Is It noght,               [Fol. 26a.]
+  [Sidenote: Not as surgeons,]
+    As ſurgynis and feſicianis, wich that delith
+    W{i}t{h} mortell thing{is}, and mortell thing{is} helyth,     2060
+  [Sidenote: whose art is in medicine,]
+    And al thar art is in to medyſyne,
+    As it is ordanit be the my{ch}t dewyne,
+  [Sidenote: and in plaisters, drinks, and various anointments; who
+  know the quality of the year, and the disposition of the planets.]
+    As plaſt{er}is, drink{is}, and anouy{n}tme{n}t{is}[T48] ſeir,
+    And of the qualyte watyng of the yher;                        2064
+    And of the planet{is} diſpoſiciou{n}e,
+    And of the naturis of compleccyoune,
+    And in the diu{er}ß changing of hwmowr{is}.
+    Thus wnd{er} reull lyith al there cwris;                      2068
+    And yhit thei far as blynd man In the way,
+    Oft quhen that deith thar craft liſt to aſſay.
+    Bot god, the wich that is the ſou{er}an lech,
+    Nedith no man{er} medyſyne to ſech;                           2072
+    For ther is no Infyrmyte, nore wound,
+    Bot as hyme lykith al is holl and ſound.
+  [Sidenote: But God can heal infirmity of thought,]
+    So can he heill Infyrmytee of thoght,
+    Wich that one erdly medeſyne can noght;                       2076
+  [Sidenote: and also the soul that goeth to confusion.]
+    And als the ſaul that to confuſioune goith,
+    And haith with hyme and vther p{ar}teis boith,
+    His dedly wound god helyth frome the ground;
+    On to his cure no medyſyne is found.                          2080
+    This Is his my{ch}t that neu{er} more ſhall fyne,
+    This is the leich w{i}t{h}outen medyſyne;
+    And If that yhow at confeſſioune hath ben
+    And makith the of al thi ſyn{n}is clen,                       2084
+  [Sidenote: He shall be thy leech in all necessity.]
+    Yow art than holl, and this ilk ſamyn is he
+    Schall be thi leich In al neceſſitee.
+
+      [Footnote T48: MS. “anoñytmēt{is},” or “anoūytmēt{is}.”]
+
+[Headnote: THE FLOWER IS THE VIRGIN MARY.]
+
+    ++Now of the flour y woll to the diſcerñ:
+    This is the flour that haith[T49] the froyt eterñ,            2088
+    This is the flour, this fadith for no ſchour,
+    This is the flour of euery flouris floure;
+
+      [Footnote T49: The word, though indistinct, is almost certainly
+      “haith.” Stevenson has “high;” but this gives no sense.]
+
+  [Sidenote: The flower is she of whom the eternal fruit was born,]
+    This is the flour, of quhom the froyt vas borñ,
+    This ws redemyt eft{er} that we war lorñ;                     2092
+    This Is the flour that eu{er} ſpryngith new,
+    This is the flour that changith neu{er} hew;
+  [Sidenote: the virgin that bore the Saviour,]
+    This is the vyrgyne, this is the bleſſit flour
+    That Ih{es}u bur is our salweour,                             2096
+    This flour wnwe{m}myt of hir wirginitee;
+    This is the flour of our felicitee,
+    This is the flour to quhom ve ſhuld exort,
+  [Sidenote: that ceaseth not to support us caitiffs,]
+    This is the flour not ſeſſith to ſupport                      2100
+    In prayere, conſell, and in byſſynes,
+    Vs catifis ay In to our wrechitnes                     [Fol. 26b.]
+    On to hir sone, the quich hir conſell herith;
+    This is the flour that al our gladneß ſterith,                2104
+  [Sidenote: through whose prayer are many saved.]
+    Throuch whois prayer mony one is ſawit,
+    That to the deth et{er}naly war reſawit,
+    Ne war hir hartly ſuplicatioune.
+    This is the flour of our ſaluatioune,                         2108
+    Next hir sone, the froyt of euery flour;
+    This is the ſam that ſhal be thi ſuccour,
+    If that the lykith hartly Reu{er}ans
+    And ſ{er}uice ȝeld one to hir excellens,                      2112
+    Syne worſchip hir w{i}t{h} al thi byſſyneß;
+    Sche ſal thi harm, ſche ſall thi ned redreß.
+  [Sidenote: She shall so counsel the lion and the leech, that thou
+  need not despair.]
+    Sche ſall ſice conſell if one to the two,
+    The lyone and the ſou{er}ane lech alſo,                       2116
+    Yow ſall not Ned yi drem̅ for to diſpar,
+    Nor ȝhit no thing that is in thi contrare.
+    Now--q{uo}d the maiſt{er}--yow may well wnd{er}ſtand
+    Tueching thi drem as I have born on hande;                    2120
+    And planly haith the mat{er} al declarith,
+    That yhow may know of wich yow was diſparith.
+    The lech, the lyone, and the flour alſo,
+    Yow worſchip them, yow ſerve them eu{er}mo;                   2124
+    And ples the world as I have ſaid before;
+    In gou{er}nans thus ſtondith al thi glore.
+  [Sidenote: Do now as thou list, for all is in thy hand.]
+    Do as yow liſt, for al is in thi honde,
+    To tyne thi-ſelf, thi honore, and thi londe,                  2128
+    Or lyk o prince, o {con}querour, or king,
+    In honore and in worſchip for to Ringe.”
+
+[Headnote: ARTHUR IS COMFORTED.]
+
+  [Sidenote: The king replies,]
+      “Now,” q{uod} the king, “I fell that the ſupport
+    Of yhour conſell haith don me ſich comfort,                   2132
+  [Sidenote: that his heart is eased from fear;]
+    Of euery raddour my hart is In to eß,
+    To ȝhour {com}mand, god will, y ſal obeß.
+    Bot o thing is yneuch wn to me,
+  [Sidenote: but inquires if Galiot will win over the red knight,
+  and what is his name.]
+    How galiot makith his awant that he                           2136
+    Shall have the kny{ch}t, that only by his honde
+    And manhed, was defendour of my londe;
+    If that ſhall fall y pray yhow tellith me,
+    And quhat he hecht, and of quhat lond is hee?”                2140
+    “What that he hecht yow ſhall no fory{er} know,
+  [Sidenote: The master evades reply.]
+    His dedis ſall her-eft{er}wart hyme ſchaw;
+    Bot {con}trar the he ſhall be found no way.
+    No more thar-of as now y will the ſay.”[T50]                  2144
+    With that the king haith at his maiſtir tone           [Fol. 27a.]
+  [Sidenote: The king and the host return home.]
+    His leve, one to to his cuntre for to goñe;
+    And al the oſt makith none abyde,
+    To paſſing home anone thei can p{ro}wid;                      2148
+    And to ſ{ir} gawane thei haith o lytt{er} maad,
+    Ful ſore ywound, and hyme on w{i}t{h} them haade.
+
+      [Footnote T50: At the bottom of the page is the catch-word,
+      “With that the king.”]
+
+      [T]he king, as that the ſtory can declar,
+  [Sidenote: The king sojourns twenty-four days at Cardole, in Wales.]
+    Paſſith to o Cete that was Right fair,                        2152
+    And clepit cardole, In to walis, was,
+    For that tyme than It was the n{er}eſt place,
+    And thar he ſoiornyt xxiiijti days
+    In ryall feſting, as the auttore ſays.                        2156
+    So diſcretly his puple he haith cherit,
+    That he thar hartis holy haith {con}querit.
+  [Sidenote: Sir Gawan is healed in fifteen days.]
+    And ſ{ir} gawan, helyt holl and ſound
+    Be xv dais he was of euery wounde;                            2160
+    Right blyt{h} therof in to the court war thei.
+
+[Headnote: ARTHUR AGAIN BECOMES MOURNFUL.]
+
+    And ſo befell, the xxiiij[T51] day,
+  [Sidenote: The king becomes mournful, as he sits at the mess.]
+    The king to fall in to o hewynes,
+    Right ate his table ſiting at the meß;                        2164
+  [Sidenote: Gawan rebukes him.]
+    And ſ{ir} gawan cu{m}myth hyme before,
+    And ſaid hyme, “ſ{ir}, yhour thoght is al to ſore,
+    Conſid{er}ing the diu{er}ß kny{ch}t{is} ſere
+    Ar of wncouth and ſtrang land{is} here.”                      2168
+  [Sidenote: The king answers in “matalent,”]
+    The king anſuert, as in to matalent,
+    “S{ir}, of my tho{ch}t, or ȝhit of myne entent,
+    Yhe have the wrang me to repref, for-quhy
+    Thar lewith none that ſhuld me blam, for I                    2172
+  [Sidenote: that he was thinking of the worthiest knight living;]
+    Was thinkand one the worthieſt that lewyt,
+    That al the worſchip In to armys prewyt;
+    And how the thonk of my defens he had,
+    And of the wow that galiot haith mad.                         2176
+    But I have ſen, when that of my houſhold
+    Thar was, and of my falowſchip, that wold,
+    If that thei wiſt, quhat thing ſhuld me pleß,
+    Thei wald no{ch}t leif for trawell nor for eß.                2180
+    And ſum tyme It p{re}ſwmyt was & ſaid,
+  [Sidenote: that he once had the flower of knighthood in his
+  household, but now this flower is away.]
+    That in my houſhold of al this world I had
+    The flour of kny{ch}thed and of chevalry;
+    Bot now thar-of y ſe the contrarye,                           2184
+    Sen that the flour of kny{ch}thed is away.”
+    “Schir,” q{uod} he, “of Reſone ſuth yhe ſay;
+    And if god will, In al this warld ſo Round             [Fol. 27b.]
+    He ſal be ſoght, if that he may he found.”                    2188
+
+      [Footnote T51: MS. “xxviij,” altered to “xxiiij.”]
+
+[Headnote: GAWANE’S EXPEDITION.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Gawan departs to seek Lancelot.]
+    Than gawan goith w{i}t{h} o kny{ch}tly chere,
+    At the hal dure he ſaith In this maner:
+    “In this paſag who lykith for to wend?
+    It is o Iorne moſt for to comend                              2192
+    That In my tyme In to the court fallith,
+    To knyght{is} wich that chewellry lowith
+    Or trawell In to armys for to hant;
+    And lat no kny{ch}t fra thyne-furt{h} hyme awant              2196
+  [Sidenote: All the knights rise to go with him.]
+    That it denyith;”--w{i}t{h} that onon thei roß,
+    Al the kny{ch}t{is}, and frome the burdis goß.
+    The king that ſauch In to his hart was wo,
+  [Sidenote: Arthur reproves him.]
+    And ſaid, “ſ{ir} gawan, nece, why dois yow ſo?                2200
+    Knowis yow no{ch}t I myne houſhold ſuld encreß,
+    In kny{ch}thed, and in honore, and largeß?
+    And now yow thinkith mak me diſſolat
+    Of kny{ch}t{is}, and my houß tranſulat,                       2204
+    To ſek o kny{ch}t, and It was neu{er} more
+    Hard ſich o ſemble makith o before.”
+  [Sidenote: Gawan explains.]
+    “S{ir},” q{uod} he, “als few as may yhow pleſß;
+    For what I said was no thing for myne eß,                     2208
+    Nor for deſir of falouſchip, for-why
+    To paß alone, but cumpany, think I;
+    And ilk kny{ch}t to paß o ſundry way;
+    The mo thei paß the fewar eſchef thay,                        2212
+    Bot thus ſhal pas no mo bot as yhow leſt.”
+  [Sidenote: Arthur assigns him forty companions.]
+    “Takith,” q{uod} he, “of quhom ȝhe lykith beſt,
+    Fourty in this paſag for to go;”
+    At this {com}mand and gawan cheſit ſo                         2216
+    Fourty, quhich that he louit, & that was
+    Richt glaid in to his falowſchip to pas.
+
+[Headnote: GAWANE AND HIS FELLOWS DEPART.]
+
+  [Sidenote: These knights arm themselves,]
+      [A]nd furth thei go, and al anarmyt thei
+    Come to the king, w{i}t{h}outen more delay,                   2220
+  [Sidenote: and bring the relics, whereon to swear to shew the
+  truth.]
+    The relyk{is} bro{ch}t, as was the man{er} tho,
+    When any knyght{is} frome the court ſuld go.
+    Or when the paſſit, or quhen thei com, thei ſwor
+    The trouth to ſchaw of euery aduentur.                        2224
+    S{ir} gawan knelyng to his falowis ſais,
+    “Yhe lord{is}, wich that in this ſeking gais,
+    So many noble and worthi kny{ch}t{is} ar ȝhe,
+    Me think in wayne yhour t{ra}uel ſhuld no{ch}t be,            2228
+    For aduentur is non so gret to pref,                   [Fol. 28a.]
+    As I ſuppone, nor ȝhe ſal It eſſchef,
+    And if ȝhe lyk as I that ſhal dewyß,
+    Yhour oth to ſwer In to the ſamyne wyß                        2232
+    Myne oith to kep;”--and that thei vnd{er}tak,
+    How eu{er} ſo that he his oith mak
+    It to conſerf, and that thei have all ſworñ.
+    Than gawan, wich that was the king beforn,                    2236
+  [Sidenote: Gawane swears not to return till he has found Lancelot,
+  or evidence of him.]
+    On kneis ſwore, “I ſal the ſuth duclar
+    Of euery thing when I agan Repar,
+    Nor neu{er} more aȝhane ſal I returñ,
+    Nore in o place long for to ſuiorñ                            2240
+    Whill that the kny{ch}t or verray evydens
+    I have, that ſhal be toknis of credens.”
+    His falouſchip abaſit of that thing,
+    And als therof anoyt was the king,                            2244
+  [Sidenote: Arthur reproves him for forgetting the coming day of
+  battle.]
+    Sayng, “Nece, yow haith al foly vroght
+    And wilfulneß, that haith no{ch}t in thi thoght
+    The day of batell of galot and me.”
+  [Sidenote: Gawane says it must be so.]
+    Q{uod} gawan, “Now non other ways ma be.”                     2248
+  [Sidenote: Gawane and his fellow lace their helms, and take their
+  leave.]
+    Thar-w{i}t{h} he and his falowſchip alſo
+    Thar halmys laſit, on to ther horß thei go,
+    Syne tuk ther lef, and frome the court the fare,
+    Thar names ware to long for to declar.                        2252
+    Now ſal we leif hyme and h{is} cumpany,
+    That in thar ſeking paſſith biſſely;
+  [Sidenote: The story returns to the lady of Melyhalt.]
+    And of the lady of melyhalt we tell,
+    W{i}t{h} whome the kny{ch}t mot ned alway duell.              2256
+
+      [T52] [O] day ſhe mayd hyme on to h{ir} p{re}ſens fet,
+    And on o ſege be-ſid hir haith hyme ſet,
+    “S{ir}, in keping I have yow halding long,”
+    And thus ſche ſaid, “for gret treſpas & wrong,                2260
+    Magre my ſtewart, in worſchip, and for-thi
+    Ȝhe ſuld me thonk;”--“madem,” q{uod} he, “and I
+    Thonk yhow ſo that eu{er}, at my mycht,
+    Whar-ſo I paß that I ſal be yhour kny{ch}t.”                  2264
+
+      [Footnote T52: Room is here left in the MS. for an illuminated
+      letter, and a small “o” inserted as a note.]
+
+[Headnote: THE LADY ASKS LANCELOT HIS NAME.]
+
+  [Sidenote: She inquires Lancelot’s name.]
+    “Grant mercy, ſ{ir}, bot o thing I ȝow pray,
+    What that ȝhe ar ȝhe wold w{i}c{h}sauf to ſay.”
+  [Sidenote: He refuses to tell.]
+    “Madem,” q{uod} he, “yhour mercy aſk I, quhy
+    That for to ſay apone no wyß may I.”                          2268
+    “No! wil ȝhe not? non oy{er} ways as now
+  [Sidenote: She vows to keep him in thrall till the day of combat;]
+    Ȝhe ſal repent, and ek I mak awow
+    One to the thing the wich that I beſt love,                   2271
+    Out frome my keping ſal ȝhe not Remuf                  [Fol. 28b.]
+    Befor the day of the aſſemblee,
+    Wich that, o ȝher, is n{er}eſt for to bee;
+    And if that ȝow haith pleſſit for to ſay,
+    Ȝhe had fore me deliu{er}it ben this day;                     2276
+  [Sidenote: and to go to the court to try and learn it.]
+    And I ſal knaw, quhey{er} ȝhe wil or no,
+    For I furt{h}-w{i}t{h} one to the court ſal go,
+    Whar that al thithing{is} goith & cu{m}yth ſoñ.”
+    “Madem,” q{uod} he, “yhour pleſance mot be doñe.”             2280
+  [Sidenote: The knight retires.]
+    W{i}t{h} that the kny{ch}t one to his chalm{er} goith,
+    And the lady hir makith to be wroith
+    Aȝanis hyme, but ſuthly vas ſche not,
+    For he al-out was mor in to hir thoght.                       2284
+    Than ſchapith ſhe aȝane the ferd day,
+    And richly ſche gan hir-ſelf aray;
+    Syne clepit haith apone her cuſynes,
+  [Sidenote: Before going to the court,]
+    And ſaith, “y will one to the court me dreß;                  2288
+    And malice I have ſchawin on to ȝhon kny{ch}t,
+    For-quhy he wold no{ch}t ſchew me quhat he hicht,
+    Bot ſo, I-wyß, It is no{ch}t in my tho{ch}t,
+    For worthyar non In to this erth is wro{ch}t.                 2292
+  [Sidenote: she prays her cousin to take care of him.]
+    Tharfor I pray, and hartly I requer
+    Ȝhe mak hyme al the cu{m}pany and chere,
+    And do hyme al the worſchip and the eß,
+    Excep his honore, wich that may hym pleß;                     2296
+    And quhen I cum deliu{er}ith hyme als fre
+    As he is now;”--“ne have no dred,” q{uod} ſche.
+
+[Headnote: SHE GOES TO SEE ARTHUR.]
+
+      [T]he lady p{ar}tit, and hir lef hath ton,
+    And by hir Iorne to the court Is gon.                         2300
+  [Sidenote: The lady meets Arthur at Logris;]
+    The king hapnit at logris for to bee,
+    Wich of his realme was than the chef cete;
+    And haith hir met, and In til hartly wyß
+    Reſauit her, and welcu{m}myt oft-ſyß;                         2304
+  [Sidenote: who brings her home to his palace;]
+    And haith hir home one to his palice bro{ch}t,
+    Whar that no dante nedith to be ſocht,
+    And maid hir cher w{i}t{h} al his ful entent.
+    Eft fupir one to o chalm{er} ar thei went,                    2308
+    The king and ſche, and ek the quen al thre;
+    Of hir tithand{is} at hir than aſkit hee,
+  [Sidenote: and inquires what has brought her.]
+    And what that hir one to the court had bro{ch}t?
+    “S{ir},” q{uod} ſche, “I come[T53] not al for no{ch}t;        2312
+  [Sidenote: She says she has a friend who has made a challenge,]
+    I have o frend haith o dereyne ydoo,
+    And I can fynd none able kny{ch}t tharto;              [Fol. 29a.]
+    For he the wich that in the {con}trar Is
+    Is hardy, ſtrong, and of gret kyne, I-wyß;                    2316
+    Bot, It is ſaid, If I my{ch}t have w{i}t{h} me
+    Ȝour kny{ch}t, quich in the last aſſemble
+  [Sidenote: which the red knight could best maintain.]
+    Was in the feld, and the red armys bur,
+    In his manhed y my{ch}t my cauß aſſur;                        2320
+    And yhow, ſ{ir}, richt hartly I exort
+    In to this ned my myſt{er} to ſupport.”
+    “Madem, by faith one to the quen I aw
+
+      [Footnote T53: MS. “conne.”]
+
+[Headnote: ARTHUR CAN TELL HER NOTHING.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Arthur replies that Gawane is gone to seek him.]
+    That I beſt loue, the kny{ch}t I neu{er} ſaw                  2324
+    In nerneß by which that I hyme knew;
+    And ek gawane Is gan hyme for to ſew
+    W{i}t{h} other fourty kny{ch}t{is} In to cumpany.”
+    The lady ſmylit at ther fanteſſy;                             2328
+    The quen thar-w{i}t{h} p{re}ſumyt wel that ſche
+  [Sidenote: The queen asks the lady if she knows where he is.]
+    Knew quhat he was, and ſaid, “madem, If ȝhe
+    Knowith of hyme what that he is, or quhar,
+    We ȝhow beſech til ws for to declar.”                         2332
+  [Sidenote: She replies no, and proposes to return.]
+    “Madem,” q{uod} ſche, “now be the faith that I
+    Aw to the king and yhow, as for no why
+    To court I cam, but of hyme to Inquere;
+    And ſen of hyme I can no tithing{is} here,                    2336
+    Nedlyng{is} to-morn homwart mon I fair.”
+  [Sidenote: Arthur prays her to stay.]
+    “Na,” q{uod} the king, “madem, our ſon It waire;
+    Ȝhe ſal remayne her for the qwenys ſak;
+    Syne ſhal ȝhe of our beſt kny{ch}t{is} tak.”                  2340
+    “S{ir},” q{uod} ſche, “I pray ȝow me excuß,
+    For-quhy to paß nedis me behuß;
+    Nor, ſen I want the kny{ch}t which I have ſo{ch}t,
+    Wtheris w{i}t{h} me to have deſir I no{ch}t,                  2344
+    For I of otheris have that may ſuffice.”
+    Bot ȝhit the king hir prayt on ſich wyß,
+  [Sidenote: She remains till the third day.]
+    That ſche remanit whill the thrid day;
+    Syne tuk hir leif to paſing hom hir way.                      2348
+  [Sidenote: She is sumptuously entertained,]
+    It nedis not the feſting to declar
+    Maid one to hir, nor company nor fare;
+    Sche had no kny{ch}t, ſche had no damyſeill,
+    Nor thei richly rewardit war and well.                        2352
+  [Sidenote: and returns home.]
+    Now goith the lady homwart, and ſche
+    In her entent deſyrus Is to ſee
+    The flour of kny{ch}thed and of chevelry;
+    So was he pryſit and hold to euery wy.                        2356
+
+[Headnote: THE LADY AGAIN SENDS FOR LANCELOT.]
+
+    ++The lady, which one to hir palace come,              [Fol. 29b.]
+  [Sidenote: Soon after, she sends for Lancelot,]
+    Bot of ſchort time remanith haith at home
+    When ſche gart bryng, w{i}t{h}outen Recidens,
+    W{i}t{h} grete effere this kny{ch}t to hir p{rese}ns,         2360
+    And ſaid hyme; “ſ{ir}, ſo mekil have I ſo{ch}t
+    And knowith that be-for I knew no{ch}t,
+  [Sidenote: and proposes to ransom him,]
+    That If yhow lyk I wil yhour Ransone mak.”
+    “Madem, gladly, wil ȝhe wichſauf to tak                       2364
+    Eft{er} that as my powar may atteñ,
+    Or that I may p{ro}wid be ony meñ.”
+    “Now, ſ{ir},” ſho ſaid, “forſut{h} It ſal be so,
+  [Sidenote: on one of three conditions.]
+    Yhe ſal have thre, and cheß yhow on of tho;                   2368
+    And if yhow lykith them for to refuß,
+    I can no mor, but ȝhe ſal me excuß,
+    Yhe ned{is} mot ſuſten yhour aduentur
+    Contynualy In ward for til endur.”                            2372
+    “Madem,” q{uod} he, “and I yhow hartly pray,
+    What that thei ſay[T54] ȝhe wald w{i}c{h}ſauf to ſay?”
+
+      [Footnote T54: So MS. We should probably read “bee.”]
+
+  [Sidenote: Either he must tell whom he loves,]
+      “[T]he firſt,” q{uod} ſche, “who hath in to the cheñ
+    Of low yhour hart, and if ȝhe may dereñ?                      2376
+  [Sidenote: or declare his name,]
+    The next, yhour nam, the which ȝe ſal not lye?
+  [Sidenote: or say if he expects again to equal his former exploits.]
+    The thrid, if eu{er} ȝhe think of cheualry
+    So mekil worſchip to atten in feild
+    Apone o day in armys wnd{er} ſcheld,                          2380
+    As yat ȝhe dyd the ſamyne day, when ȝhe
+    In red armys was at the aſſemblee?”
+    “Madem,” q{uod} he, “is thar non vther way
+    Me to redem, but only thus to ſay                             2384
+    Of thing{is}, which that Rynyth me to blam,
+    Me to awant my lady or hir name?
+    But If that I moſt ſchawin furth that one,
+    What su{er}te ſchal I have for to gone                        2388
+    At libertee out of this dang{er} free?”
+    “Schir, ſor to dred no myſt{er} is,” q{uod} ſhee;
+    “As I am trew and fa{i}t{h}full woman hold,
+    Ȝhe ſal go fre quhen one of thir is told.”                    2392
+    “Madem, yhour will non vther ways I may,
+  [Sidenote: He refuses to tell his lady’s name,]
+    I mone obey; and to the firſt y ſay,
+    [T55] [I]s, to declar the lady of myne hart,
+    My goſt ſal rather of my breſt aſtart”--                      2396
+    Whar-by the lady fayndit al for no{ch}t
+    The lowe quhich long hath ben In to h{is} tho{ch}t--
+  [Sidenote: or his own;]
+    “And of my nam, ſchortly for to ſay,
+    It ſtondith ſo that one no wyß I may.                         2400
+    Bot of the thrid, madem, I se that I                   [Fol. 30a.]
+    Mon ſay the thing that tuechith velany;
+  [Sidenote: but declares that he trusts to do more than ever before;
+  and requires his liberty.]
+    For ſut{h} it is I traſt, and god before,
+    In feld that I ſal do of armys more                           2404
+    Than eu{er} I did, if I {com}mandit bee.
+
+      [Footnote T55: A space is here left for an illuminated letter.]
+
+[Headnote: LANCELOT CLAIMS HIS LIBERTY;]
+
+    And now, madem, I have my libertee,
+    For I have ſaid I neu{er} tho{ch}t to ſay.”
+    “Now, ſ{ir},” q{uod} ſche, “when-eu{er} ȝhe wil ye may;       2408
+  [Sidenote: She begs of him a boon;]
+    Bot o thing Is, I yhow hartly raquer,
+    Sen I have hold yhow apone ſuch maner
+    Not as my fo, that ȝhe vald grant me till.”
+    “Madem,” q{uod} he, “It ſal be as ȝhe will.”                  2412
+    “Now, ſ{ir},” q{uod} ſche, “it is no thing bot ȝhe
+  [Sidenote: that he will remain with her till the day of battle;]
+    Remañ w{i}t{h} ws wn to the aſſemble,
+    And euery thyng that In yhour myſt{er} lyis
+    I ſall gar ordan at yhour awn dewyß;                          2416
+    And of the day I ſhall yow c{er}tefy
+    Of the aſſemble ȝhe ſal not pas therby.”
+    “Madem,” q{uod} he, “It ſal be as yhow liſt.”
+    “Now, ſ{ir},” q{uod} ſche, “and than I hald It beſt,          2420
+    That ȝhe remañ lyk to the ſamyne dogre
+    As that ȝhe war, yat non ſal wit that ȝhe
+    Deliu{er}it war; and in to ſacret wyß
+    Thus may ȝhe be; and now yhe ſal dewyß                        2424
+  [Sidenote: and inquires what arms he would like to have made
+  for him. He chooses black armour,]
+    What armys that yhow lykyth I gar mak.”
+
+[Headnote: AND ASKS FOR BLACK ARMOUR.]
+
+    “Madem,” q{uod} he, “armys al of blak.”
+    W{i}t{h} this, this kny{ch}t is to his chalm{er} goñ;
+    The lady gan ful prewaly diſſpone                             2428
+    For al that longith to the kny{ch}t, in feild;
+    Al blak his horß, his armour, and his ſcheld,
+  [Sidenote: which is provided.]
+    That nedful is, al thing ſche well p{re}widith;
+    And in hir keping thus w{i}t{h} hir he bidith.                2432
+    Suppos of love ſche takyne hath the charg,
+  [Sidenote: She keeps her love close,]
+    Sche bur It clos, ther-of ſche vas not larg,
+    Bot wyſly ſche abſtenit hir diſſir,
+    For ell{is} quhat, ſche knew, he was afyre;                   2436
+    Thar-for hir wit hir worſchip haith defendit,
+  [Sidenote: being commended for discretion.]
+    For in this world thar was nan mor co{m}mendit,
+    Boith of diſcreccioune and of womanhed,
+    Of gou{er}nans, of nurtur, and of farhed.                     2440
+    This kny{ch}t w{i}t{h} hir thus al this whil mon duell,
+  [Sidenote: The story returns to Arthur--]
+    And furt{h} of arthur ſumthing wil we tell--
+
+      [T]hat walkyng vas furt{h} in to his Regiou{n}is,
+    And ſoiornyt in his ceteis and his townis,                    2444
+    As he that had of viſdome ſufficyans.                  [Fol. 30b.]
+  [Sidenote: who obeys the counsel of Amytans,]
+    He kepit the lore of maiſt{er} amytans
+    In ryghtwyſnes, In feſting and larges,
+    In cheriſing cu{m}pany and hamlynes;                          2448
+    For he was biſſy and was deligent,
+  [Sidenote: and gives away largely;]
+    And largly he iffith, and diſpent
+    Rewardis, boith one to the pur & riche,
+    And holdith feſt throw al the ȝher eliche.                    2452
+
+[Headnote: ARTHUR’S LIBERALITY.]
+
+    In al the warld paſſing gan his name,
+    He chargit not bot of encreß and fam̅e,
+    And how his puples hart{is} to empleß;
+    Thar gladnes ay was to his hart moſt eß.                      2456
+    He rakith not of riches nor treſſour,
+    Bot to diſpend one worſchip & honour;
+    He ifith riches, he ifith lond and rent,
+    He cherißyth them w{i}t{h} word{is} eloquent,                 2460
+  [Sidenote: and thus gains his people’s love.]
+    So that thei can them vtraly p{ro}pone
+    In his ſ{er}uice thar lyves to diſpone:
+    So gladith them̅e his homely {con}tynans,
+    His cheriſyng, his wordis of pleſans,                         2464
+    His cumpany, and ek his mery chere,
+    His gret rewardis, and his ift{is} ſere.
+    Thus hath the king non vthir beſynes
+    Bot cheriſing of kny{ch}t{is} and largeß,                     2468
+    To mak hyme-ſelf of honour be {com}mend;
+    And thus the ȝher he drywith to the ende.
+
+EXPLICIT SECUNDA P{AR}S, INCIPIT T{ER}CIA P{AR}S.
+
+
+[Headnote: THE TRUCE DRAWS TO A CLOSE.]
+
+[BOOK III.]
+
+  [Sidenote: The sun ascends in his altitude.]
+    ++The long dirk paſag[T56] of the vint{er}, & the ly{ch}t
+    Of phebus {com}prochit w{i}t{h} his my{ch}t;                  2472
+    The which, aſcending In his altitud,
+    Awodith saturñ w{i}t{h} his ſtormys Rude;
+  [Sidenote: The soft dew falls down from heaven.]
+    The ſoft dew one fra the hewyne doune valis[T57]
+    Apone the erth, one hill{is} and on valis,                    2476
+    And throw the ſobir & the mwſt hwmour{is}
+    Vp nuriſit ar the erbis, and in the flouris
+  [Sidenote: Nature decks the earth with various hues.]
+    Natur the erth of many diu{er}ß hew
+    Our-fret, and cled w{i}t{h} the tendir new.                   2480
+    The birdis may them hiding in the grawis               [Fol. 31a.]
+  [Sidenote: The birds may hide them from the hawk in the groves,
+  and Scilla may ascend in the air.]
+    Wel frome the halk, that oft ther lyf berevis;
+    And scilla hie aſcending in the ayre,
+    That euery vight may heryng hir declar                        2484
+    Of the ſeſſone the paſſing luſtynes.
+    This was the tyme that phebus gan hy{m} dreß
+    In to the rame, and haith his courß bygown,
+    Or that the trewis and the ȝher vas Rown,                     2488
+  [Sidenote: The time of combat between Galiot and the king drew
+  near.]
+    Which was y-ſet of galiot and the king
+    Of thar aſſemble, and of thar meting.
+    Arthur haith a xv dais before
+    Aſſemblit al his barnag and more                              2492
+    That weryng wnd{er} his ſubieccioune,
+    Or louith hyme, or longith to his crown;
+    And haith his Iornay tone, w{i}t{h}outen let,
+  [Sidenote: Arthur goes to the appointed place.]
+    On to the place the wich that was y-ſet,                      2496
+    Whar he hath found befor hyme mony o kny{ch}t
+    That cu{m}myng war w{i}t{h} al thar holl my{ch}t,
+    Al enarmyt both w{i}t{h} ſpere & ſcheld,
+    And ful of lug{is} plantith haith the feld,                   2500
+    Hyme In the wer for to ſupport and ſerf
+    At al ther my{ch}t, his thonk for to diſſerf.
+
+      [Footnote T56: So MS. Should we read “pasith”?]
+      [Footnote T57: So MS. It should be “falis.”]
+
+[Headnote: GAWANE REJOINS ARTHUR.]
+
+    And gawan, which was in the ſeking ȝhit
+    Of the gud kny{ch}t, of hyme haith got no wit,                2504
+  [Sidenote: Gawane remembers the day,]
+    Remembrith hyme apone the king{is} day,
+    And to his falowis one this wys can ſay:
+    “To ȝhow is knowin the mat{er}, in what wyß
+    How that the king hath w{i}t{h} his e{n}nemys                 2508
+    A c{er}tan day, that now comprochit nere,
+    And one to ws war hewynes to here
+    That he var in to p{er}ell or in to dreid,
+    And we away and he of ws haith neid;                          2512
+    For we but hyme no thing may eſchef,
+    And he but ws in honore well may lef;
+    For, be he loſt, we may no thing w{i}t{h}ſtond,
+    Our-ſelf, our honore we tyne, & ek o{ur} lond.                2516
+  [Sidenote: and proposes to his fellows to go to help the king.]
+    Tharfor, I red we pas on to the king,
+    Suppos our oth It hurt in to ſum thing,
+    And in the feld w{i}t{h} hyme for til endur,
+    Of lyf or deth and tak our aduentur.”                         2520
+    Thar-to thei ar conſentit eu{er}ilkon,
+    And but dulay the have thar Iorney toñe.
+    When that the king them ſaw, in h{is} entent           [Fol. 31b.]
+  [Sidenote: Arthur is well content at their coming,]
+    Was of thar com Right wond{er} well {con}tent;                2524
+    For he p{re}ſwmyt no thing that thei wold
+  [Sidenote: not expecting them.]
+    Have cu{m}myne, but one furt{h} to y{er} ſeking hold.
+    And thus the kinghis oſt aſſemblit has
+    Aȝane the tyme, aȝaine the day that vas                       2528
+    Y-ſtatut and ordanit for to bee,
+    And euery thing hath ſet in the dogre.
+
+[Headnote: THE TRUCE ENDS.]
+
+      [A]nd galiot, that haith no thing forȝhet
+    The termys quhich that he befor had set,                      2532
+  [Sidenote: Galiot also assembles his folk,]
+    Aſſemblit has, apone his best maner,
+    His folk, and al his other thing{is} ſere,
+    That to o weryour longith to p{ro}uid,
+    And is y-come apone the tothir ſyde.                          2536
+  [Sidenote: doubling his army and artillery;]
+    Whar he befor was one than vas he two,
+    And al his vthir artilȝery also
+    He dowblith hath, that m{er}well was to ſeñ;
+  [Sidenote: and pitches on the green by the river.]
+    And by the rewere ly{ch}tit one the greñ,                     2540
+    And ſtronghar thane ony wallit toune
+    His oſt y-bout ycloſit in Randoune.
+    Thus war thei cu{m}myne apone ather ſyd
+  [Sidenote: Before the truce is ended,]
+    Be-for the tyme, them-ſelf for to p{ro}wid.                   2544
+    Or that the trewis was complet & rwn,
+    Men my{ch}t have ſen one euery ſid begwn
+  [Sidenote: many combats are seen between lusty men;]
+    Many a fair and knychtly Iup{er}ty
+    Of luſty me{n}, and of ȝong chevalry,                         2548
+    Diſyrus In to armys for to pruf;
+    Sum for wynyng, ſu{m} cauſith vas for luf,
+    Sum In to worſchip to be exaltate,
+    Sum cauſit was of wordis he & hate,                           2552
+    That lykit not ydill for to ben;
+  [Sidenote: a hundred pair at once.]
+    A hund{er}eth pair at onis one the gren.
+    Thir luſty folk thus can thar tyme diſpend,
+    Whill that the trewis goith to the ende.                      2556
+  [Sidenote: The truce past,]
+    The trewis paſt, the day is cu{m}myne onoñe,
+    One euery ſyd the can them to diſpone;
+    And thai that war moſt ſacret & moſt dere
+  [Sidenote: Galiot’s friends inquire who shall fight on his side
+  on the morrow.]
+    To galiot, at hyme the can enquere,                           2560
+    “Who ſal aſſemble one yhour ſyd to-morñe?
+    To-ny{ch}t the trewis to the end is worne.”
+    He anſuerit, “As yhit one to this were
+    I ame awyſit I wil none armys bere,                           2564
+    Bot If It ſtond of more Neceſſitee;                    [Fol. 32a.]
+    Nor to the feld will pas, bot for to ſee
+    Yhone kny{ch}t, the which that berith ſich o fame.”
+  [Sidenote: He commands the first-conquest king to take 30,000 men.]
+    Than clepit he the {con}quest king be name,                   2568
+    And hyme {com}mandit xxx thouſand tak
+    Aȝaine the morne, and for the feld hyme mak.
+    And gawane haith, apone the toy{er} syde,
+    Conſulit his Eme he ſchuld for them p{ro}wid,                 2572
+    And that he ſchuld none armys to hyme tak
+    Whill[T58] galiot will for the feld hyme mak.
+    “I grant,” q{uo}d [he [T59]], “wharfor ȝhe mone diſpone
+  [Sidenote: Gawane leads Arthur’s forces.]
+    Yhow to the feld w{i}t{h} al my folk to-morne,                2576
+    And thinkith in yhour manhed and curage
+    For to reciſt ȝhone folk{is} gret owtrag.”
+
+      [Footnote T58: MS. “Wihill.”]
+      [Footnote T59: Omitted in MS.]
+
+  [Sidenote: The day comes.]
+      [T]he ny{ch}t is gone, vp goith the morow gray,
+    The bry{ch}t ſone ſo cherith al the day:                      2580
+    The kny{ch}t{is} gone to armys than, in haſt;
+    One goith the ſcheild{is} and the helmys laſt;
+  [Sidenote: Arthur’s men cross the ford.]
+    Arthuris oſt out our the furrde thai ryd.
+    And thai agane, apone the toy{er} syd,                        2584
+  [Sidenote: Galiot’s men assemble in a vale.]
+    Aſſemblit ar apone o luſty greyne,
+    In to o waill, whar ſone thar my{ch}t be ſeyne
+    Of kny{ch}t{is} to-gedder many o pair
+    In to the feld aſſemblyng her & thair,                        2588
+    And ſted{is} which that haith thar maſt{er} lorne;[T60]
+    The kny{ch}t{is} war done to the erth doune borne.
+
+      [Footnote T60: MS. has “borne.” We should read “lorne,” as in
+      line 2092.]
+
+[Headnote: DEEDS OF SIR ESQUYRIS.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Sir Esquyris, a manly knight,]
+    S{ir} eſquyris, which was o manly kny{ch}t
+    In to hyme-ſelf, and hardy vas & wy{ch}t;                     2592
+    And in till armys gretly for to pryß,
+    Ȝhit he was pure, he prewit wel oft-ſyß;
+  [Sidenote: at that time of Galiot’s company,]
+    And that tyme was he of the cu{m}panee
+    Of galiot, bot eft{er}wart was hee                            2596
+    W{i}t{h} arthur; and that day In to the feild
+    He come, al armyt boith w{i}t{h} ſpere and ſcheld,
+    W{i}t{h} ferß deſir, as he that had na dout,
+  [Sidenote: attacks a band,]
+    And is aſſemblit ewyne apone a rowt;                          2600
+    His ſpere is gone, the kny{ch}t goith to the erd,
+    And out onon he pullith haith o ſwerd;
+  [Sidenote: and proves his manhood.]
+    That day In armys p{re}wit he ry{ch}t well
+    His ſtrenth, his manhed; arthuris folk thai fell.             2604
+
+[Headnote: DEEDS OF SIR GWYANS.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Then Galys Gwynans, brother of Ywan,]
+    Than galys gwynans, w{i}t{h} o manly hart,
+    Which broy{er} was of ywane the baſtart,
+    He cu{m}myne Is onone one to the ſtour
+    For {con}quering In armys of honour,             2608  [Fol. 32b.]
+  [Sidenote: encounters him, and horse and man go all four to earth.]
+    And cownt{er}it w{i}t{h} eſquyris hath so
+    That[T61] horß and man, al four, to erth thai go;
+    And ſtill o quhill lying at the ground.
+    W{i}t{h} that o p{ar}t of arthur{is} folk thei found          2612
+  [Sidenote: Arthur’s folk rescue Gwyans;]
+    Till gwyans, and haith hyme ſone reſkewit.
+    Aȝanis them til eſquyris thei ſewyt
+  [Sidenote: thirty knights of Galiot’s arrive, and rescue Esquyris.]
+    Of galiot{is} well xxx^ti kny{ch}t{is} & mo;
+    Gwyans goith done, and vthir vij alſo,                        2616
+    The wich war tone & eſqwyris relewit.
+  [Sidenote: Next Ywan comes to the _mêlée_.]
+    Than ywane the anterus, aggrewit,
+    W{i}t{h} kyn{n}iſme{n} one to the melle ſo{ch}t.
+    The hardy kny{ch}t{is}, that one thar worſchip tho{ch}t,      2620
+    Cownt{er}it them In myddis of the ſcheld,
+    Whar many o kny{ch}t was born doñ i{n} the feld;
+  [Sidenote: Galiot’s men give way.]
+    Bot thei wich ware on galiot{is} p{ar}t,
+    So wnd{er}takand nor of ſo hardy hart                         2624
+    Ne ware thei not as was i{n} ye {con}trare.
+  [Sidenote: Gwyans is again rescued.]
+    S{ir} galys gwyans was reſqwyt thare
+    W{i}t{h} his falowis, and eſqwyris don bore.
+    Thar al the batell{is} cam, w{i}t{h}outen more,               2628
+    On ather p{ar}t, and is aſſemblit ſo
+  [Sidenote: 50,000 men are assembled.]
+    Whar fyfty thouſand war thei, & no mo.
+  [Sidenote: 30,000 on Galiot’s side approach the river,]
+    In o plane beſyd the gret Riwere
+    Xxx thouſand one galiot{is} half thei vare;                   2632
+  [Sidenote: and 10,000 on Arthur’s.]
+    Of arthuris x thouſand and no mo
+    Thei ware, and ȝhit thai {con}tenit them ſo
+    And in the feld ſo manly haith borñ,
+    That of thar fois haith the feld forſworñ.                    2636
+
+      [Footnote T61: MS. has “than.”]
+
+[Headnote: SIR GAWANE’S INTREPIDITY.]
+
+    The {con}queſt king, wich the p{er}ell knowith,
+  [Sidenote: Gawane puts the conquest-king to flight.]
+    Ful manly one to the feld he drowith;
+    The lord ſ{ir} gawan, cou{er}it w{i}t{h} h{is} ſcheld,
+    He ruſchit in myddis of the feld,                             2640
+    And haith them ſo in to his com aſſayt,
+    That of his manhed ware thei al affrait;
+    No lang{er} my{ch}t thei {con}trar hyme endur,
+    Bot fled, and goith one to diſcu{m}fiture.                    2644
+  [Sidenote: Galiot, full of anger and grief, sends out a new band.]
+    And galiot, wich haith the diſc{um}fit ſen,
+    Fulfillit ful of ang{er} and of ten,
+    In{con}tine{n}t he ſend o new poware,
+    Whar-w{i}t{h} the feld{is} al our-cou{er}it ware              2648
+    Of armyt ſted{is} bot{h} in plait and maill,           [Fol. 33a.]
+    W{i}t{h} kny{ch}t{is} wich war reddy to aſſaill.
+  [Sidenote: Gawane draws his men together, and shews them
+  comfortable words.]
+    S{ir} gawan, ſeing al the gret ſuppris
+    Of fois cu{m}myng In to ſich o wys,                           2652
+    Togiddir al his cumpany he drew,
+    And confortable word{is} to them ſchew;
+    So at the cu{m}myng of thar ennemys
+  [Sidenote: They receive the foe in manly wise.]
+    Thei them reſauf, in ſo manly wyß,                            2656
+    That many one felith deithis wound,
+    And wnd{er} horß lyith ſobing one the ground.
+    This vther cu{m}myth in to gret deſir,
+    Fulfillit ful of matelent and Ire,                            2660
+    So freſchly, w{i}t{h} ſo gret o confluens,
+    Thar ſtrong aſſay hath don ſich vyolens,
+    And at thar come arthuris folk ſo led,
+    That thai war ay abayſit and adred.                           2664
+    Bot gawan, wich that, by this vorld{is} fame,
+    Of ma{n}hed and of kny{ch}thed bur the name,
+    Haith p{re}wit [hym] well be exp{er}iens;
+    For only In til armys his defens                              2668
+  [Sidenote: Gawane encourages his fellows,]
+    Haith maid his falowis tak ſich hardyme{n}t,
+    That manfully thei biding one the bent.
+    Of his manhed war m{er}well to raherß;
+    The kny{ch}tis throw the ſcheld{is} can he perß,              2672
+    That many one thar dethis haith reſauit;
+    None armour frome his my{ch}ty hond them ſauit,
+  [Sidenote: though their foes are three to one;]
+    Ȝhit ay for one ther ennemys wor thre.
+    Long my{ch}t thei no{ch}t endur in ſuch dugree;               2676
+    The preß it wos ſo creuell & ſo ſtrong,
+    In gret anoy and haith {con}tinewit longe,
+  [Sidenote: yet his men are forced to retreat to their tents.]
+    That, magre them, thei ned{is} moſt abak
+    The way one to thar lug{is} for to tak.                       2680
+    S{ir} gawan thar ſufferith gret myſchef,
+    And wond{er}is in his kny{ch}thed can he pref;
+    His falouſchip haith m{er}well that hym ſaw,
+    So haith his fois that of his ſuerd ſtud aw.                  2684
+  [Sidenote: Arthur beholds the peril of the field, and sends Sir
+  Ywan to help them,]
+    King arthur, that al this whill beheld
+    The dang{er} and the p{er}ell of the feld,
+    S{ir} ywan w{i}t{h} o falowſchip he ſende,
+    Them In that ned to help & to defend,                         2688
+    Qwich fond them In to danger and in were,              [Fol. 33b.]
+    And ent{er}it nere In to thar tentis were.
+  [Sidenote: who finds Sir Gawane fighting on foot with only his
+  sword.]
+    S{ir} gawan fechtand was one fut At erde,
+    And no defend, but only in his ſwerde,                        2692
+    Aȝanis them bot{h} w{i}t{h} ſpere and ſcheld.
+    Of galowa the kny{ch}t goith to the erde.[T62]
+
+      [Footnote T62: Read “felde”?]
+
+[Headnote: SIR YWAN RESCUES GAWANE.]
+
+  [Sidenote: The battle was furious and wood.]
+    Thar was the batell furyous and woud[T63]
+    Of armyt kny{ch}t{is}; to the grownde thai ȝhud.              2696
+    S{ir} ywane, that was a noble knyght,
+    He ſchew his ſtrenth, he ſchew thar h{is} g{r}et my{ch}t,
+    In al his tyme that neu{er} of before
+    Off armys, nore of kny{ch}thed, did he more:                  2700
+  [Sidenote: Sir Ywan rescues Sir Gawane,]
+    S{ir} gawan thar reſkewit he of fors,
+    Magre his fois, and haith hyme ſet one horß
+    That frome the firſt {con}queſt king he wañ;
+  [Sidenote: who was so evilly wounded, that he was the worse thereof
+  evermore.]
+    Bot ſ{ir} gawan ſo ewill was wondit than,                     2704
+    And in the feld ſupp{ri}ſit was ſo ſore,
+    That he the werß thar-of was eu{er}more.
+    Thar ſchew the lord ſ{ir} ywan h{is} curage,
+    His manhed, & h{is} noble waſſolage;                          2708
+    And gawan, in his doing, wald no{ch}t irk;
+
+      [Footnote T63: MS. “woid,” but the “_i_” is undotted, and is
+      therefore perhaps meant for the first stroke of a “_u_.”]
+
+[Headnote: END OF THE FIRST DAY’S BATTLE.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Darkness parts the combatants.]
+    So al the day enduring to the dyrk
+    Sal them, magre of thar deſyre, {con}ſt{r}en
+    On ayar half fore [to] dep{ar}t in twen.                      2712
+    And when that gawan of his horß vas toñ,
+    The blud out of his noiß & mouth is goñ,
+    And largly ſo paſſith euery wounde,
+  [Sidenote: Sir Gawane swoons,]
+    In ſwonyng thore he fell one to the ground:                   2716
+    Than of the puple petee was to here
+    The lemytable clamour, and the chere;
+  [Sidenote: so that the king despairs of his “niece’s” life, and
+  laments over him.]
+    And of the king the ſorow and the care,
+    That of his nec{is} lyf was in diſſpare.                      2720
+    “Far well,” he ſais, “my gladnes, & my delyt,
+    Apone kny{ch}thed far well myne appetit,
+    Fare well of manhed al the g{r}et curage,
+    Yow flour of armys and of vaſſolage,                          2724
+    Gif yow be loſt!”--thus til his tent hyme bro{ch}t
+  [Sidenote: The surgeons are sought,]
+    W{i}t{h} wofull hart, and al the ſurryȝenis ſocht,
+    Wich for to cum was reddy at his neid;
+    Thai fond the lord was of his lyf i{n} dreid,                 2728
+    For wondit was he, and ek wondit ſo,
+  [Sidenote: who found he had two broken ribs, but no mortal wound.]
+    And in his ſyd ware brokyne Ribys two.
+    Bot no{ch}t for-thi the king thai maid beleif
+    That at that tyme he ſhuld the deith eſchef.     2732  [Fol. 34a.]
+
+      [O]ff melyhalt the ladyis kny{ch}t{is} were
+    In to the feld, and can thir tithing{is} here,
+  [Sidenote: The lady of Melyhalt’s knights tell her how the battle
+  went,]
+    And home to thar lady ar thai went,
+    Til hir to ſchewing eft{er} thar entent,                      2736
+    In euery poynt, how that the batell ſtud
+    Of galiot, and of his multitud;
+  [Sidenote: and how Gawane bare him in the field, and of his wounds.]
+    And how gawan hyme in the feld hath borñ,
+    Throw quhoys ſwerd ſo many o kny{ch}t vas lorñ,               2740
+    And of the kny{ch}tly wond{er}is that he wro{ch}t,
+    Syne how that he one to his tent vas bro{ch}t.
+    The lady hard, that lowit gawan so,
+  [Sidenote: She weeps for him.]
+    She gan to wep, in to[T64] hir hart vas wo.                   2744
+
+      [Footnote T64: MS. “in in”; but “in to” is clearly meant.]
+
+[Headnote: LANCELOT’S LAMENT FOR GAWANE.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Lancelot requests to see the lady;]
+    Thir tythyng{is} one to lancelot ar goñ,
+    Whar-of that he was wond{er} wo-bygone,
+    And for the lady haſtely he sent,
+    And ſche til hyme, at his co{m}mand, Is went:                 2748
+  [Sidenote: and inquires if Gawane is really likely to die.]
+    He ſaluſt hir, and ſaid, “madem, Is trew
+    Thir tithing{is} I her report of new
+    Of the aſſemble, and meting of the oſt,
+    And of ſ{ir} gawan, wich that ſhuld be loſt?                  2752
+    If that be ſwth, adew the flour of armys,
+  [Sidenote: He laments over him,]
+    Now neu{er}more recou{er}yt be the harmys!
+    In hyme was manhed, curteſſy, and trouth,
+    Beſy trawell In kny{ch}thed, ay but ſleuth,                   2756
+    Humilyte, [and] gentrice, and cwrag;
+    In hyme thar was no man{er} of outrage.
+  [Sidenote: first apostrophizing himself,]
+    Allace! kny{ch}t, allace! what ſhal yow ſay?
+    Yow may complen, yow may bewail the day                       2760
+    As of his deith, and gladſchip aucht to ſes,
+    Baith menſtraſy and feſting at the des;
+    For of this lond he was the holl comfort,
+    In tyme of ned al kny{ch}thed to ſupport!                     2764
+  [Sidenote: and next blaming the lady for not having allowed him
+  to be present in the battle.]
+    Allace! madem, and I durſt ſay at ȝhe
+    Al yhour beheſt not kepit haith to me,
+    Whar-of that I was in to full belef
+    Aȝañe this day that I ſchuld have my lef,                     2768
+    And no{ch}t as cowart thus ſchamfully to ly
+    Excludit in to cage frome chewalry,
+    Whar othir kny{ch}t{is} anarmyt on thar ſtedis
+    Hawnt{is} ther ȝhouthhed in to kny{ch}tly dedis.”             2772
+    “S{ir},” q{uo}d ſche, “I red yhow not diſpleß,
+    Ȝhe may In tyme her-eft{er} cum at es;                 [Fol. 34b.]
+  [Sidenote: She promises he shall go to the next battle,]
+    For the thrid day Is ordanit, & ſhal be
+    Of the oſt{is} a new aſſemble,                                2776
+    And I have gart ordan al the gere
+    That longith to ȝour body for to were,
+  [Sidenote: saying that his sable armour is ready.]
+    Boith horß and armour In the ſamyne wyß
+    Of ſable, ewyne aftir ȝhour awn dewyß;                        2780
+    And yhe ſal her remayne one to the day;
+    Syne may ȝhe paß, fore well ȝhe knaw the way.”
+    “I will obey, madem, to yhour entent.”
+    W{i}t{h} that ſche goith, and to hir reſt is went:            2784
+  [Sidenote: In the morn she takes her leave, to go to the court.]
+    One the morn arly vp ſche roß
+    W{i}t{h}out delay, and to the kny{ch}t ſche gois,
+    And twk hir lef, and ſaid that ſcho vald fare
+    On to the court, w{i}t{h}-outen any mare.                     2788
+  [Sidenote: He kneels, and thanks her often.]
+    Than knelit he, and thankit hir oft-ſys,
+    That ſche ſo mych hath done hyme of ge{n}triß,
+    And hir byhecht eu{er}, at his myght,
+    To be hir awn trew & ſtedfaſt kny{ch}t.                       2792
+  [Sidenote: She goes unto the king,]
+    Sche thonkith hyme, and ſyne ſche goith h{er} way
+    On to the king, w{i}t{h}-owten more delay,
+    Whar that i{n}[T65] honour w{i}t{h} king & qwen ſche ſall
+    Ry{ch}t thonkfully reſauit be w{i}t{h}-all.                   2796
+    Eft to ſ{ir} gawan thai hir led, & ſche
+    Ryght gladly hyme deſyrit for to ſee,
+  [Sidenote: and finds Sir Gawane quite different from what had been
+  told her.]
+    And ſche hyme fond, and ſche was glad tharfore,
+    All vthir ways than was hir told before.                      2800
+    The kny{ch}t, the wich in to hir keping vas,
+  [Sidenote: The lady’s cousin cherishes Lancelot in her best manner.]
+    Sche had {com}mandit to hir cuſſynece,
+    Wich cheriſt hyme apone hir beſt manere,
+    And comfort hyme, and maid hy{m} ry{ch}t gud chere.           2804
+
+      [Footnote T65: MS. “w{i}t{h};” which is crossed out, and “i{n}”
+      inserted above, rather minutely written.]
+
+[Headnote: LANCELOT PREPARES FOR BATTLE.]
+
+      [T]he days goith, ſo paſſith als the ny{ch}t,
+  [Sidenote: The third day, the maiden goes to his chamber, and
+  fastens on his armour.]
+    The thrid morow, as that the ſone vas ly{ch}t,
+    The kny{ch}t onon out of his bed aroß,
+    The maden ſone one to his chalm{er} goß,                      2808
+    And ſacretly his armour one hyme ſpent.
+    He tuk his lef, and ſyne his way he went
+  [Sidenote: He goes to the same green, beside the river, as before.]
+    Ful prewaly, ry{ch}t to the ſamyne greñ
+    One the rewere, whar he befor had ben,                        2812
+    Ewyne as the day [he] the first courß hath maad.
+    Alone ry{ch}t thar he howit, and abaade,
+    Behalding to the bertes, whar the qweñ                 [Fol. 35a.]
+  [Sidenote: He abides there alone, looking towards the parapet
+  where he saw the queen.]
+    Befor at the aſſemble he had señ                              2816
+    Ry{ch}t ſo the ſone ſchewith furt{h} his ly{ch}t,
+    And to his armour went is euery wy{ch}t;
+  [Sidenote: The jousting begins.]
+    One athir half the Iusting is bygon,
+    And many o fair and knych[t]ly courß is rown.                 2820
+  [Sidenote: The black knight still halts on his steed.]
+    The blak kny{ch}t ȝhit howyns on his ſted,
+    Of al thar doing takith he no hed,
+    Bot ay, apone the beſynes of tho{ch}t,
+    In beholding his ey dep{ar}tit no{ch}t.                       2824
+
+[Headnote: THE QUEEN BEHOLDS THE BLACK KNIGHT.]
+
+  [Sidenote: The lady beholds him and knows him; but yet inquires
+  who he is,]
+    To quhom the lady of melyhalt beheld,
+    And knew hyme by h{is} armour & h{is} ſcheld,
+    Qwhat that he was; and thus ſche ſaid one hy{ch}t:
+    “Who is he ȝone? who may he be, ȝhone kny{ch}t,               2828
+    So ſtill that hovith and ſterith not his Ren,
+    And ſeith the kny{ch}t{is} rynyng one the greñ?”
+  [Sidenote: thus calling the attention of Gawane,]
+    Than al beholdith, and in princypale
+    S{ir} gawan beholdith moſt of all;                            2832
+    Of melyha[l]t the lady to hyme maid
+    In{con}tine{n}t, his couche and gart be had
+    Be-fore o wyndew thore, as he my{ch}t se
+    The kny{ch}t, the oſt, and al the aſſemble.                   2836
+    He lukith furt{h}, and ſone the kny{ch}t hath ſen,
+  [Sidenote: who saith to the queen:]
+    And, but delay, he ſaith one to the qwen,
+  [Sidenote: “Madam, remember that the red knight halted where yon
+  knight halts.”]
+    “Madem, if ȝhe remembir, ſo it was
+    The red kny{ch}t in to the ſamyne place                       2840
+    That wencuſt al [at] the first aſſemble;
+    Whar that ȝone kny{ch}t howis, howit hee.”
+  [Sidenote: “Why do you inquire?” she replies.]
+    “Ȝha,” q{uod} the qwen, “ry{ch}t well remembir I;
+    Qwhat is the cauß at ȝhe inquere, & quhy?”                    2844
+    “Madem, of [al] this larg warld is he
+  [Sidenote: “He is the knight, madam, whom I most desire to see.”]
+    The kny{ch}t the wich I most deſir to ſee
+    His ſtrenth, his ma{n}hed, his curag, and h{is} my{ch}t,
+    Or do in armys that longith to o kny{ch}t.”                   2848
+
+[Headnote: THE ORDER OF BATTLE.]
+
+      [B]y thus, arthur, w{i}t{h} conſell well awyſit,
+  [Sidenote: Arthur arranges his lines of battle.]
+    Haith ordanit his batell{is}, and devyſit:
+  [Sidenote: King Ydrus leads the first;]
+    The firſt of them led ydrus king, & he
+    O worthy man vas ne{m}myt for to bee.                         2852
+  [Sidenote: Harwy the Reweyll, an aged knight, the second.]
+    The ſecund led harwy the Reweyll,
+    That in this world was kny{ch}t that had moſt feill
+    For to p{ro}wid that longith to the were,
+    One agit kny{ch}t, and well couth armys bere.                 2856
+
+      [T]he thrid feld [he] deliu{er}it in the hond        [Fol. 35b.]
+  [Sidenote: King Angus, a cousin of Arthur, leads the third.]
+    Of ang{us}, king of ylys of ſcotlande,
+    Wich cuſing was one to king arthur nere,
+    One hardy kny{ch}t he was, w{i}t{h}outen were.                2860
+  [Sidenote: King Ywons the fourth.]
+    The ferd batell led ywons the king,
+    O manly kny{ch}t he was In to al thing.
+    And thus dewyſit ware his batell{is} ſere,
+  [Sidenote: In every company are 15,000.]
+    In euery feld xv thouſand were.                               2864
+
+      [T]he fift[T66] batell the lord ſ{ir} ywan lede,
+  [Sidenote: The lord Sir Ywan leads the rearguard.]
+    Whois ma{n}hed was i{n} euery cu{n}tre dred,
+    Sone he was one to wryne the kyng,
+    Forwart, ſtout, hardy, wyß, and ȝhing;                        2868
+    Xx thouſand in his oſt thai paſt,
+    Wich ordanit was for to aſſemble laſt.
+  [Sidenote: Galiot’s armies.]
+      [A]nd galiot, apone the tothir ſyde,
+    Ry{ch}t wyſly gan h{is} batell{is} to dewid.                  2872
+  [Sidenote: Malenginys leads the first line;]
+    The firſt of them led malenginys the king,
+    None hardyar In to this erth lewyng;
+    He neu{er} more out of his cuntre Raid,
+    Nor he w{i}t{h} hyme one hund{er}eth kny{ch}t{is} hade.       2876
+
+      [Footnote T66: MS. “firſt.” See l. 2870.]
+
+  [Sidenote: the first-conquest king the second; Walydeyne the third;]
+      [T]he ſecund the first-conqueſt king led,
+    That for no p{er}ell of armys vas adred;
+    The thrid, o king clepit walydeyne,
+    He led, and was o manly kny{ch}t, but weyne.                  2880
+
+  [Sidenote: Clamedeus the fourth;]
+      [T]he ferd, king clamede{us} has,
+    Wich that lord of far ylys was.
+  [Sidenote: and King Brandymagus the fifth.]
+    The fift[T67] batell, whar xl thouſand were,
+    King brandymag{us} had to led and ſtere,                      2884
+    O manly kny{ch}t, and prewit well oft-ſyß,
+    And in his conſell wond{er} ſcharp & wyß.
+  [Sidenote: Galiot bore no arms;]
+    Galiot non armys bur that day,
+    Nor as o kny{ch}t he wald hyme-ſelf aray,                     2888
+  [Sidenote: but was arrayed as a servant in a habergeon with
+  a “prekyne” hat, and a truncheon in his hand.]
+    But as o ſ{er}uand in o habariowne,
+    O prekyne hat, and ek o gret trownſciowñ
+    In til his hond, and one o curſour ſet,
+    The beſt that was in ony lond to get.                         2892
+    Endlong the rewar men my{ch}t behold & ſee,
+    Of kny{ch}t{is} weryne mony one aſſemble;
+  [Sidenote: The black knight still remains looking towards the
+  parapet.]
+    And the blak kny{ch}t ſtill he couth abyde,
+    W{i}t{h}out remowyng, one the Riwer ſyde,                     2896
+    Bot to the bartes to behold and ſee
+    Thar as his hart deſyrit moſt to bee:
+
+      [Footnote T67: MS. “firſt.”]
+
+[Headnote: THE FIRST MESSAGE TO THE BLACK KNIGHT.]
+
+  [Sidenote: The lady says to the queen--]
+    And quhen the lady of melyhalt haith ſeñ
+    The kny{ch}t ſo ſtond, ſche ſaid one to the qweñ,      [Fol. 36a.]
+  [Sidenote: “Madam, pray commend yourself to yon knight.”]
+    “Madem, It is my conſell at ȝhe send                          2901
+    One to ȝone kny{ch}t, ȝour-ſelf for to {com}mend,
+    Beſeiching hyme that he wald wnd{er}tak
+    This day to do of armys, for ȝour ſak.”                       2904
+  [Sidenote: The queen replies]
+    The quen anſuerit as that hir lykit no{ch}t,
+    For othir thing was more In to hir tho{ch}t,
+    “For well ȝhe ſe the p{er}ell how disio[i]nt,
+    The adwentur now ſtondith one the point                       2908
+    Boith of my lord his honore, and h{is} lond,
+    And of his men, i{n}[T68] dang{er} how thai ſtond:
+
+      [Footnote T68: Stevenson reads “the”; but “the” is crossed out,
+      and “i{n}” written over it.]
+
+  [Sidenote: that the lady and the rest may send a message, but that
+  she will not herself take part in it.]
+    Bot ȝhe, and ek thir vthere ladice may,
+    If that yhow lykith, to the kny{ch}t gar ſay                  2912
+    The meſag; is none that wil yhow let,
+    For I tharof ſal no{ch}t me ent{er}met.”
+    On to the quen ſcho ſaith, “her I,
+    If ſo it pleß thir vthir ladice by,                           2916
+    Am for to ſend one to the kny{ch}t {con}tent;”
+    And al the ladice can thar-to aſſent,
+    Beſeching hir the meſag to dewyß,
+    As ſche that was moſt prudent & moſt wyß.                     2920
+  [Sidenote: The lady sends a discreet maiden,]
+    Sche grantit, and o madeñ haith thai tone,
+    Diſcret, apone this meſag for till gone;
+  [Sidenote: and Sir Gawane a squire, with two spears,]
+    And ſ{ir} gawan a ſqwyar bad alſo,
+    W{i}t{h} two ſperis one to the kny{ch}t to go.                2924
+    The lady than, w{i}t{h}outen more dulay,
+    Haith chargit hir apone this wyß to ſay:
+  [Sidenote: to say that all the ladies, the queen alone excepted,
+  commend them to the black knight,]
+    “Schaw to the kny{ch}t, the ladice eu{er}-ilkone
+    Ben In the court, excep the quen allon,                       2928
+    Til hyme them haith reco{m}mandit oft-ſyß,
+    Beſeching hyme of kny{ch}thed and gentriß,
+    (Or if It hapyne eu{er}more that he ſhall
+    Cum, quhar thai may, owther an or all,                        2932
+    In ony thing awail hyme or ſupport,
+    Or do hyme ony pleſans or comfort,)
+  [Sidenote: and pray him to essay some deed of arms.]
+    He wold wichſaif for loue of them this day
+    In armys ſum manhed to aſſay;                                 2936
+    And ſay, ſ{ir} gawan hyme the ſper{is} ſent;
+    Now go, this is the fek of our entent.”
+  [Sidenote: The damsel and squire]
+    The damyſell ſche hath hir palfray tone,
+    The sqwyar w{i}t{h} the ſperis w{i}t{h} hir goñ;              2940
+    The n{er}eſt way thai paß one to ye kny{ch}t,          [Fol. 36b.]
+  [Sidenote: repeat the message.]
+    Whar ſche repete hir meſag haith ful ry{ch}t:
+
+[Headnote: SIR LANCELOT IS NOT CONTENT.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Sir Lancelot, finding the queen not in the message,]
+    And quhen he hard, and planly wnd{er}ſtude,
+    How that the quen not in the meſag ȝude,                      2944
+  [Sidenote: was not content,]
+    He ſpak no word, bot he was not {con}tent;
+    Bot, of ſ{ir} gawan, glaid in his entent,
+    He aſkit quhar he was, and of h{is} fair?
+    And thai to hyme the man{er} can duclair;                     2948
+  [Sidenote: but asks the squire to hold the two spears ready for
+  him.]
+    Than the ſqwyar he prayth that he wold
+    Paß to the feld, the ſperis for to hold.
+    He ſaw the kny{ch}t{is} ſemblyng her and thare,
+    The ſtedis Rynyng w{i}t{h} the ſadill{is} bare;               2952
+    His ſpuris goith in to the ſtedis syde,
+    That was ful ſwyft, and lykit not to byd;
+
+[Headnote: HE USES UP SIR GAWANE’S TWO SPEARS.]
+
+    And he that was hardy, ferß, and ſtout,
+  [Sidenote: He attacks a company of a hundred knights, slays the
+  nearest,]
+    Furth by o ſyd aſſemblyng on a rout                           2956
+    Whar that one hund{er}eth kny{ch}t{is} was, & mo;
+    And w{i}t{h} the firſt has Recount{er}it so,
+    That frome the deth not helpith hy{m} h{is} ſcheld,
+    Boith horß and man is lying in the feld;                      2960
+    The ſpere is gone, and al in pecis brak,
+  [Sidenote: and with the stump of his spear bereaves two or three
+  of their saddles.]
+    And he the trunſcyoune in h{is} hand hath tak
+    That two or thre he haith the ſadill{is} reft,
+    Whill in his hond ſchortly no thing is left.                  2964
+    Syne, to the ſquyar, of the feld is goñ,
+  [Sidenote: He takes a new spear from the squire, and overthrows
+  three knights.]
+    Fro hyme o ſpere In to his hond haith ton,
+    And to the feld returnyt he aȝayne:
+    The firſt he met, he goith one the plan,                      2968
+    And ek the next, and ſyne the thrid alſo;
+    Nor in his hond, nore in his ſtrak was ho.
+    His e{n}nemys that veryng In affray
+    Befor his ſtrok, and makith rovm alway;                       2972
+    And in ſich wyß ay in the feld he vro{ch}t,
+    Whill that his ſperis gon var al to no{cht};
+    Whar-of ſ{ir} gawan berith vitneſing
+    Throw al this world that thar vas non levyng,                 2976
+    In ſo ſchort tyme ſo mych of armys wro{ch}t.
+
+[Headnote: HE USES UP SIR GAWANE’S TWO SPEARS.]
+
+  [Sidenote: His spears gone, he returns to his first position.]
+    His ſperis gone, out of the feld he ſo{ch}t,
+    And paſſit is one to the Rewere syde,
+    Ry{ch}t thore as he was wont for to abyde;                    2980
+    And ſo beholdyne In the ſamyne plañ,                   [Fol. 37a.]
+    As to the feld hyme lykit no{ch}t aȝañ.
+  [Sidenote: Sir Gawane says to the queen:]
+    Sir gawan ſaw, and ſaith on to the quen,
+  [Sidenote: “Madam, yon knight thinks himself despised, because you
+  so specially excepted yourself in the message;]
+    “Madem, yhone knycht diſponit [not],[T69] I weyñ,             2984
+    To help ws more, fore he ſo is awyſit;
+
+      [Footnote T69: “not” seems required.]
+
+    As I p{re}ſume, he thinkith hyme diſpiſit
+    Of the meſag that we gart to hyme mak;
+    Yhowre-ſelf yhe have ſo ſpecialy out-tak,                     2988
+    He thinkith ewill contempnit for to bee,
+    Conſid{er}ing how that the neceſſitee
+    Moſt prinſpally to yhowr ſupporting lyis.
+    Tharfor my conſell is, yhow to dewyß,                         2992
+    And ek ȝhowre-ſelf i{n} yhowr t{r}eſpas accuß,
+  [Sidenote: ask him mercy, therefore, and excuse your guilt.]
+    And aſk hyme mercy, and yhour gilt excuß.
+    For well it oucht o prince or o king
+    Til honore and til cheriß in al thing                         2996
+    O worthi man, that is in kny{ch}thed p{re}wit.
+    For throw the body of o man eſchevit
+    Mony o wondir, mony one aduenture,
+    That m{er}well war til any creature.                          3000
+    And als oft-tyme is boith hard & ſen,
+  [Sidenote: For often, by one knight’s prowess, have 40,000 been
+  worsted by 5,000.]
+    Quhar xl thouſand haith diſcu{m}fit ben
+    Vith v thouſand, and only be o kny{ch}t;
+    For throw his ſtrenth, his vorſchip, & h{is} my{ch}t,         3004
+    His falowſchip ſich comfort of hym tais
+    That thai ne dreid the dang{er} of thar fays.
+    And thus, madem, I wot, w{i}t{h}outen were,
+  [Sidenote: If yon knight will continue to help the king,]
+    If that ȝhone kny{ch}t this day will p{er}ſywere              3008
+    W{i}t{h} his manhed for helping of the king,
+    We ſal have cauß to dred in to no thing.
+    Our folk of hyme thai ſal ſich comfort tak,
+    And ſo adred thar ennemys ſal mak,                            3012
+    That ſur I am, onys or the ny{ch}t,
+  [Sidenote: yon folk shall perforce take to flight.”]
+    Of forß ȝhone folk ſal tak one them the fly{ch}t:
+    Wharffor, madem, that ȝhe have gilt to mend,
+    My conſell is one to ȝhon kny{ch}t ȝe ſend.”                  3016
+
+[Headnote: THE SECOND MESSAGE TO THE BLACK KNIGHT.]
+
+  [Sidenote: She consents to send a message.]
+    “S{ir},” q{uod} ſche, “quhat pleſſith yhow to do
+    Ȝhe may dewyß, and I conſent thar-to.”
+    Than was the lady of melyhalt {con}tent,
+    And to ſ{ir} gawan in-to-{con}tynent                          3020
+    Sche clepit the maid, wich that paſſit ar;             [Fol. 37b.]
+  [Sidenote: A maiden is therefore sent to say,]
+    And he hir bad the meſag thus duclar.
+    “Say [to][T70] the kny{ch}t, the quen hir reco{m}mendith,
+    And ſal correk in quhat that ſche offendith                   3024
+    At his awn will, how ſo hyme liſt dewyß;
+  [Sidenote: that the queen humbly exhorts him]
+    And hyme exortith, in moſt humyll wyß,
+    As eu{er} he will, whar that ſche can or may,
+    Or powar haith hir charg, be ony way,                         3028
+    And for his worſchip and his hie ma{n}hede,
+  [Sidenote: to help in that need to preserve the king’s honour,
+  and to deserve her thanks.]
+    And for hir luf, to helpen i{n} that ned
+    The king{is} honore, his land fore to preſerf,
+    That he hir thonk for eu{er} may deſerf.”                     3032
+
+      [Footnote T70: “to” seems required.]
+
+[Headnote: SIR GAWANE SENDS HIM TEN SPEARS MORE.]
+
+    And four ſquyaris chargit he alſo
+  [Sidenote: Sir Gawane also sends four squires with three horses
+  and ten spears.]
+    W{i}t{h} thre horß and ſperis x to go
+    Furt{h} to the knycht, hyme prayng for his ſak,
+    At his raqueſt thame in his ned to tak.                       3036
+
+      [T]he maden furt{h} w{i}t{h} the ſqwyar{is} is went
+    One to the kny{ch}t, and ſchawith y{ar} entent.
+  [Sidenote: The message heard, he inquires about the queen,]
+    Tho meſag hard, and ek ye preſent ſeñ,
+    He anſwerit, and aſkith of the qwen;                          3040
+  [Sidenote: and is told that from yon parapet she can witness his
+  deeds.]
+    “S{ir},” q{uod} ſche, [“sche][T71] in to ȝhone bartiis lyis,
+    Whar that this day yhour dedis ſal dewyß,
+    Yhowr manhed, yhour worſchip, and affere,
+    How ȝhe {con}teñ, and how yhe armys bere;                     3044
+    The quen hir-ſelf, and many o lady to,
+    Sal Iug{is} be, and vitnes how yhe do.”
+    Than he, whois hart ſtant in o new aray,
+  [Sidenote: He returns a message that he is the queen’s knight.]
+    Saith, “damyceyll, on to my lady ſay,                         3048
+    How eu{er} that hir lykith that it bee,
+    Als far as wit or powar is in me,
+    I am hir kny{ch}t, I ſal at hir {com}mand
+    Do at I may, w{i}t{h}outen more demand.                       3052
+    And to ſ{ir} gawan, for his gret gentriß,
+    Me reco{m}mend and thonk a thouſand ſyß.”
+    W{i}t{h} that o ſper he takith in his hond,
+  [Sidenote: He stands in his stirrups; and seems to increase a foot
+  in height.]
+    And ſo in to his ſterapis can he ſtond                        3056
+    That to ſ{ir} gawan ſemyth that the kny{ch}t
+    Encreſyng gon o larg fut one hycht;
+    And to the ladice ſaith he, and the qwen,
+    “Ȝhon is the kny{ch}t that eu{er} I have ſen                  3060
+    In al my tyme moſt kny{ch}tly of affere,
+    And in hyme-ſelf gon fareſt armys bere.”
+
+      [Footnote T71: A second “sche” is here required.]
+
+[Headnote: THE BLACK KNIGHT’S CHARGE.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Greatly encouraged,]
+      [T]he kny{ch}t that haith Reme{m}brit in his tho{ch}t  [Fol. 38a.]
+    The qwenys charg{is}, & how ſche hy{m} beſo{ch}t,             3064
+    Curag can encreſing to his hart;
+    His curſer lap, and gan onon to ſtart;
+    And he the ſqwaris haith reqwyrit ſo,
+    That thai w{i}t{h} hyme one to the feld wald go.              3068
+  [Sidenote: without delay he crosses over the river to the field;]
+    Than goith he one, w{i}t{h}outen mor abaid,
+    And our the reuar to the feld he raid;
+    Don goith his ſpere onone In to the Reſt,
+  [Sidenote: and goes in wherever he sees most peril.]
+    And in he goith, w{i}t{h}outen mor areſt,                     3072
+    Thar as he ſaw moſt p{er}ell and moſt dred
+    In al the feld, and moſt of help[T72] had ned,
+    Whar ſemblyt was the firſt-{con}queſt king
+    W{i}t{h} mony o kny{ch}t that was in his leding.              3076
+  [Sidenote: He overthrows two knights.]
+    The firſt he met, doune goith boith horß & man;
+    The ſper was holl, and to the next he Rañ
+    That helpit hyme his hawbrek nor h{is} ſcheld,
+    Bot throuch and throuch haith perſit i{n} the feld.           3080
+
+      [Footnote T72: MS. “held.”]
+
+[Headnote: SIX KNIGHTS FOLLOW HIM.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Sir Kay, Sir Sygramors, Sir Gresown, Sir Ywan, Sir
+  Brandellis, and Gahers, all six in a race spur across the field
+  with stretched spears,]
+    S{ir} kay, the wich haith this encontyr ſen,
+    His horß he ſtrekith our the larg gren,
+    And ſ{ir} ſygramors ek the deſyrand,
+    W{i}t{h} ſ{ir} greſown cu{m}myth at y{ar} honde,              3084
+    Son of the duk, and alſua ſ{ir} ywan
+    The baſtart, and ſ{ir} brandellis onan,
+    And gaherß, wich that broyir was
+    To gawan; thir ſex in a Raß                                   3088
+    Deliu{er}ly com prekand our the feld{is}
+    W{i}t{h} ſperis ſtraucht, and cou{er}it w{i}t{h} thar ſcheldis;
+    Sum for love, ſum honor to purcheß,
+  [Sidenote: and 100 knights after them.]
+    And aftir them one hund{er}eth kny{ch}t{is} was,              3092
+    In ſamyne will, thar manhed to aſſay.
+    On his v falowis clepit than ſ{ir} kay,
+  [Sidenote: Sir Kay exhorts them]
+    And ſaith them, “ſ{ir}is, thar has ȝhond{er} ben
+    A courß that neu{er}-more farar was ſen                       3096
+    Maid be o kny{ch}t, and we ar cu{m}myn ilkon
+    Only ws one [his] worſchip to diſpone;
+    And neu{er} we in al our dais my{ch}t
+    Have bet axampil than iffith ws ȝone kny{ch}t                 3100
+  [Sidenote: to keep near the black knight, and follow his guidance
+  all day.]
+    Of well doing; and her I hecht for me
+    Ner hyme al day, if that I may, to bee,
+    And folow hyme at al [my] my{ch}t I ſall,
+    Bot deth or vthir adwentur me fall.                           3104
+    W{i}t{h} that thir ſex, al in one aſſent,
+    W{i}t{h} freſch curag In to the feld Is went.
+    The blak kny{ch}t{is} ſpere in pec{is} goñe,           [Fol. 38b.]
+  [Sidenote: With a second spear, the black knight seeks the field,
+  closely followed by the six.]
+    Frome o ſqwyar oñe vthir haith he toñe,                       3108
+    And to the feld onone he goith ful ry{ch}t;
+    Thir ſex w{i}t{h} hyme ay holdith at y{ar} my{ch}t.
+    And than bygan his wond{er}is in the feld;
+    Thar was no helme, no hawbryk, nore no ſcheld,                3112
+  [Sidenote: No knight nor armour can withstand him.]
+    Nor yhit no kny{ch}t ſo hardy, ferß, nore ſtout,
+    No ȝhit no man{er} armour my{ch}t hald owt
+    His ſtrenth, nore was of powar to w{i}t{h}ſtond;
+    So mych of armys dyde he w{i}t{h} his honde,                  3116
+  [Sidenote: Every wight wonders at his deeds.]
+    That euery wight ferleit of h{is} deid,
+    And al his fois ſtondith ful of dreid.
+    So beſely he can his tyme diſpend,
+    That of the ſperis wich ſ{ir} gawan ſend,                     3120
+  [Sidenote: He uses up all Gawane’s spears.]
+    Holl of them all thar was not lewit oñe;
+    Throw wich but m{er}cy to the deyth is gon
+    Ful many o kny{ch}t, and many o weriour,
+    That cout{h} ſuſten ful hardely o ſtour.                      3124
+  [Sidenote: Two horses of his are killed, and he fights on foot.]
+    And of his horß ſupp{ri}ſit ded ar two,
+    One of his awn, of gawanis one alſo,
+    And he one fut was fechtand one the gren,
+    When that ſ{ir} kay haith w{i}t{h} his falowis ſeñ;           3128
+  [Sidenote: The squire brings him a fresh horse;]
+    The ſqwyar w{i}t{h} his horß than to hy{m} bro{ch}t;
+    Magre his fois he to his courſeir ſo{ch}t
+    Deliu{er}ly, as of o my{ch}ty hart,
+  [Sidenote: he leaps into the saddle without stirrups.]
+    W{i}t{h}out ſteropis in to his ſadill ſtart,                  3132
+    That euery wycht beholding m{er}vell has
+    Of his ſtrenth and deliu{er} beſynes.
+
+[Headnote: SIR KAY ASKS WHO THE BLACK KNIGHT IS.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Sir Kay asks who he is,]
+    S{ir} kay, ſeing his horß, and how that thai
+    War cled in to ſ{ir} gawanis aray,                            3136
+    Aſkith at the ſquyar if he knewith
+    What that he was, this kny{ch}t? & he hym ſchewith
+  [Sidenote: but the squire cannot tell.]
+    He wiſt no thing quhat that he was, nore hee
+    Befor that day hyme neu{er} ſaw w{i}t{h} Ee.                  3140
+    Than aſkith he, how and one quhat wyß
+    On gawanis horß makith hyme ſich ſ{er}uice?
+    The ſqw[y]ar ſaith, “forſuth y wot no more;
+    My lord ws bad, I not the cauß quharfore.”                    3144
+  [Sidenote: The black knight returns to the field.]
+    The blak kny{ch}t, horſit, to the feld can ſew
+    Als freſch as he was in the morow new;
+  [Sidenote: The six comrades follow him.]
+    The ſex falowis folowit hyme ilkone,
+    And al in front on to the feld ar goñ;                        3148
+    Ry{ch}t freſchly one thar ennemys thai ſoght,          [Fol. 39a.]
+    And many o fair poynt of armys vroght.
+
+  [Sidenote: Malangin’s host is discomfited by king Ydras; and
+  retreats to join the second line, commanded by the Conquest-king;]
+      [T]han hapnyt to king malangins oſt
+    By ydras king diſcu{m}fit was, & loſt,                        3152
+    And fled, and to the {con}queſt-king ar goñe,
+    Thar boith the batell{is} aſſemblit In to one;
+    King malengynis in to his hart was wo,
+    For of hyme-ſelf no bett{er} kny{ch}t my{ch}t go;             3156
+  [Sidenote: so that 40,000 are now opposed to 15,000 of Arthur’s.]
+    Thar xl thouſand war thai for xv.
+    Than my{ch}t the feld ry{ch}t p{er}ellus be ſen
+    Of armyt kny{ch}t{is} gaping one the ground;
+    Sum deith, and ſum w{i}t{h} mony a grewous wond;              3160
+    For arthuris kny{ch}t{is}, that manly war and gud,
+    Suppos that vthir was o multitude,
+    Reſauit tham well at the ſperis end;
+    But one ſuch wyß thai may not lang defend.                    3164
+
+[Headnote: THE BLACK KNIGHT’S PROWESS.]
+
+  [Sidenote: The black knight, knowing who is beholding him,]
+    The blak kny{ch}t ſaw the dang{er} of the feld,
+    And al his doing{is} knowith quho beheld,
+    And ek reme{m}brith in to his entent
+    Of the meſag that ſche haith to hyme ſent:                    3168
+    Than curag, ſtrenth encreſing w{i}t{h} ma{n}hed,
+    Ful lyk o kny{ch}t one to the feld he raid,
+  [Sidenote: thinks to have his lady’s love, or die before her.]
+    Thinking to do his ladice love to have,
+    Or than his deth befor hir to reſave.                         3172
+    Thar he begynyth in his ferß curag
+    Of armys, as o lyoune in his rag;
+    Than m{er}well was his doing to behold;
+    Thar was no kny{ch}t ſo ſtrong, nor yhit ſo bold,             3176
+    That in the feld befor his ſuerd he met,
+    Nor he ſo hard his ſtrok apone hyme ſet,
+    That ded or wondit to the erth he ſo{ch}t;
+  [Sidenote: He works nothing but wonders;]
+    For thar was not bot wond{er}is that he wro{ch}t.             3180
+    And magre of his fois eu{er}ilkone,
+  [Sidenote: and often passes alone through the field.]
+    In to the feld oft tymys hyme aloñ
+    Throuch and throuch he paſſith to & fro;
+    For in the ward[T73] it was the man{er} tho                   3184
+    That non o kny{ch}t ſhuld be the brydill tak
+    Hyme to oreſt, nore cum behynd h{is} bak,
+    Nor mo than on at onys one o kny{ch}t
+    Shuld ſtrik, for that tyme worſchip ſtud ſo ry{ch}t.          3188
+    Ȝhit was the feld ry{ch}t p{er}ellus and ſtrong
+    Till arthuris folk, ſet thai {con}tenyt longe;
+    Bot in ſich wyß this blak kny{ch}t can {con}ten,       [Fol. 39b.]
+  [Sidenote: He fights in such wise as to encourage all who see his
+  deeds.]
+    That thai, the wich that hath his manhed ſeñ,                 3192
+    Sich hardyment haith takyne In his ded,
+    Them tho{ch}t thai had no man{er} cauß of dred,
+    Als long as he my{ch}t owthir ryd or go,
+    At euery ned he them recomfort ſo.                            3196
+  [Sidenote: Sir Kay and his fellows follow him all day.]
+    S{ir} kay haith w{i}t{h} his falowis al the day
+    Folowit hyme al that he can or may,
+    And wondir well thai have in armys p{re}wit,
+    And w{i}t{h} thar manhed oft thar folk relewit;               3200
+    Bot well thai faucht in diu{er}ß placis ſere,
+  [Sidenote: But at last they are nearly all overpowered by numbers.]
+    W{i}t{h} multitud y{ar} folk confuſit were,
+    That long in ſich wyß my{ch}t thai no{ch}t {con}teñ.
+
+      [Footnote T73: Another spelling of _warld_, i.e. world, which
+      occurs in the fuller form in l. 3212.]
+
+[Headnote: SIR KAY’S MESSAGE TO SIR HARWY.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Sir Kay sends Gawane’s squire with a message to Sir
+  Harwy that he ought not to suffer the best knight that ever bore
+  arms to be surprised,]
+    S{ir} kay, that hath ſ{ir} gawans qſquyar{is} ſen,            3204
+    He clepit hyme, and haith hyme prayt ſo,
+    That to ſ{ir} harwy the rewell wil he go,
+    And ſay to hyme, “ws think hyme ewil awyſit;
+    For her throuch hyme he ſufferit be ſuppriſit                 3208
+    The beſt kny{ch}t that eu{er} armys bur;
+    And if it ſo befell of adwentur,
+    In his defalt, that he be ded or lamyt,
+    This warld ſal have hyme vtraly defamyt.                      3212
+  [Sidenote: nor six knights of the Round Table to be discomfited.]
+    And her ar of the round table alſo
+    A falouſchip, that ſall in well and wo
+    Abid w{i}t{h} hyme, and furt{h} for to endur
+    Of lyf or deth, this day, thar adwentur;                      3216
+    And if ſo fal diſcumfyt at thai bee,
+    The king may ſay that wond{er} ewill haith he
+    Contenit hyme, and kepit his honore,
+    Thus for to tyne of chevalry the flour!”                      3220
+  [Sidenote: The squire takes the message.]
+    The ſqw[y]ar hard, and furt{h} his way Raid,
+    In termys ſchort he al his meſag ſaid.
+    S{ir} harwy ſaith, “y wytneß god, that I
+    Neu{er} in my days comytit tratory,                           3224
+    And if I now begyne In to myne eld,
+    In ewill tyme fyrſt com I to this feld;
+  [Sidenote: Sir Harwy says that Sir Kay shall have no cause to
+  reprove him.]
+    Bot, if god will, I ſal me ſon diſcharg.
+    Say to ſ{ir} kay, I ſal not ber the charg,                    3228
+    He ſal no mat{er} have me to rapref,
+    I ſal amend this mys if that I lef.”
+    The ſqwyar went and tellit to ſ{ir} kay;
+
+  [Sidenote: Sir Harwy comes to support them;]
+    ++And ſ{ir} harwy, in al the haſt he may,                     3232
+    Aſſemblyt hath his oſt{is}, & onoñ
+    In gret deſyre on the feld is gon                      [Fol. 40a.]
+    Before his folk, and haldith furt{h} his way;
+    Don goith his ſper, and ewyne before ſ{ir} kay                3236
+    So hard o kny{ch}t he ſtrykith in his ten
+    That horß and he lay boith apone the gren.
+    S{ir} gawan ſaw the count{er} that he maad,
+    And leuch for al the ſarues that he had:                      3240
+  [Sidenote: and proves himself a better warrior than might have
+  been expected of one so old.]
+    That day ſ{ir} harwy prewyt in the feld
+    Of armys more than longith to his eld,
+    For he was more than fyfty yher of ag,
+    Set he was ferß and ȝong in his curag;                        3244
+    And fro that he aſſemblyt his bataill
+  [Sidenote: Galiot’s folk are beaten.]
+    Doune goith the folk of galot{is} al haill;
+    For to w{i}t{h}ſtond thai war of no poware,
+    And yhit of folk x thouſand mo thei vare.                     3248
+
+  [Sidenote: King Valydone comes to support them.]
+    ++Kyng valydone, that ſauch on ſuch o wyß
+    His falowis dang{er}it w{i}t{h} thar ennemys,
+    W{i}t{h} al his folk, being freß and new,
+    Goith to the feld onon, them to reſſkew;                      3252
+    Thar was the feld ry{ch}t p{er}ellus aȝañe,
+    Of arthuris folk ful many on var ſlan.
+
+  [Sidenote: Angus comes to aid Arthur’s men.]
+    ++Bot angus, quhich that lykith not to bid,
+    And ſaw the p{er}ell one the tother ſid,                      3256
+    His ſted he ſtrok, and w{i}t{h} his oſt is gon
+    Whar was moſt ned, and thar the feld has ton.
+
+  [Sidenote: Clamedyus comes to aid Galiot’s men.]
+    ++Kyng clamedyus makith non abaid,
+    Bot w{i}t{h} his oſt one to the ſid he raid.                  3260
+
+[Headnote: GALIOT’S FOLK ARE WORSTED.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Ywons encounters Clamedyus.]
+    ++And ywons king, that haith his cu{m}myn ſen,
+    Encount{er}it hyme in myddis of the greñ.
+    The aucht batell{is} aſſemblyt one this wiß;
+  [Sidenote: Great clamour and lamentable cries on either side.]
+    On ather half the clamore and the cryiß                       3264
+    Was lametable and petws for til her,
+    Of kny{ch}t{is} wich in diu{er}ß placis ſere
+    Wondit war, and fallyng to and fro,
+    Ȝhit galyot{is} folk war xx thouſand mo.                      3268
+
+  [Sidenote: The black knight bids himself remember love’s power
+  over him;]
+    ++The blak kny{ch}t than on to hyme-ſelf he ſaid:
+    “Remembir the, how yhow haith ben araid,
+    Ay ſen ye hour that yow was makid kny{ch}t,
+    W{i}t{h} love, aȝane quhois powar & whois my{ch}t             3272
+    Yow haith no ſtrenth, yow may It not endur,
+    Nor ȝhit non vthir erthly creatur;
+  [Sidenote: and that only his lady’s mercy or his life’s end can
+  amend him.]
+    And bot two thing{is} ar the to amend,
+    Thi ladice mercy, or thi lyvys end.                           3276
+    And well yhow wot that on to hir p{re}ſens,
+    Til hir eſtat, nor til hir excellens,                  [Fol. 40b.]
+    Thi febilneß neu{er}more is able
+    For to attan, ſche is ſo honorable.                           3280
+    And ſen no way yow may ſo hie extend,
+
+[Headnote: THE BLACK KNIGHT’S DARING RESOLUTION.]
+
+  [Sidenote: He counsels himself to strive for her thanks,]
+    My verray conſell is, that yow pretend
+    This day, (ſen yow becu{m}myne art hir kny{ch}t
+    Of hir comand, and fechtit in hir ſy{ch}t),                   3284
+    And well yow ſchaw, ſen yow may do no mor,
+    That of reſone ſche ſal the thank tharfore;
+  [Sidenote: and to be ashamed of every point of cowardice.]
+    Of euery poynt of cowardy yow ſcham,
+    And in til armys purcheß the ſum nam.”                        3288
+    W{i}t{h} that of love in to o new deſir
+  [Sidenote: Swift as a crossbow-bolt he seeks the field.]
+    His ſpere he ſtraucht, and ſwift as any wyre
+    W{i}t{h} al his forß the n{er}eſt feld he ſoght;
+    His ful ſtrenth in armys thar he vroght,                      3292
+    In to the feld ruſching to and fro,
+    Doune goith the man, doune goith the horß also;
+    Sum throw the ſcheld is perſit to the hart,
+    Sum throw the hed, he may It not aſtart.                      3296
+  [Sidenote: His sword carves the head from some, and cuts the arms
+  of others in twain.]
+    His bludy ſuerd he dreuch, that carwit ſo
+    Fro ſum the hed, and ſum the arm in two;
+    Sum in the feld fellit is in ſwoñ,
+    Throw ſum his ſuerd goith to the ſadill doune.                3300
+    His fois waren abaſit of his dedis,
+    His mortell ſtrok ſo gretly for to dred Is;
+  [Sidenote: When his foes see him, they leave the place for dread
+  of death.]
+    Whar thai hyme ſaw, w{i}t{h}in a lytall ſpace,
+    For dreid of ded, thai levyng hyme the place,                 3304
+    That many o ſtrok ful oft he haith forlorñ;
+    The ſpedy horß away the kny{ch}t hath borñ.
+    In to his wyrking neu{er}more he ſeſt,
+    Nor non abaid he makith, nor areſt.                           3308
+  [Sidenote: His knightly deeds assure his fellows.]
+    His falowis, ſo in his kny{ch}thed aſſuryd,
+    Thai ar reco{m}fort, thar manhed is recou{er}yt,
+    And one thar fois ful ferſly thai ſoght,
+    Thar goith the lyf of many o kny{ch}t to no{ch}t.             3312
+    So was the batell wond{er}ful to tell,
+    Of kny{ch}t{is} to ſe the multitud that fell,
+  [Sidenote: It was pitiful to see the knights gaping upon the green.]
+    That pety was til ony kny{ch}t to ſeñ
+    The kny{ch}t{is} lying gaping on the gren.                    3316
+    The blak kny{ch}t ay {con}tinewit ſo faſt,
+    Whill[T74] many one, diſcumfit at the laſt,
+    Are fled, and planly of the feld thei pas:             [Fol. 41a.]
+
+      [Footnote T74: MS. “Whilk.”]
+
+[Headnote: GALIOT WONDERS WHY HIS MEN FLEE.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Galiot asks his men why they flee.]
+    And galyot haith wondyr, for he was                           3320
+    Of mor powar, and aſkit at them qwhy
+    As cowart{is} thai fled ſa ſchamfully?
+  [Sidenote: A knight replies, that whoever likes may go and see
+  marvels.]
+    Than ſaith o kny{ch}t, ſor wondit in the brayne,
+    “Who lykith, he may Retwrn aȝayne                             3324
+    Frome qwhens we come, m{er}walis for to ſee,
+    That in his tyme neu{er} ſich ſauch hee.”
+  [Sidenote: Galiot asks, what marvels; and the knight tells him
+  there is a knight who vanquishes all;]
+    “Marwell,” q{uod} he, “that dar I boldly ſay
+    Thay may be callit, and quhat thai ar, I pray?”               3328
+    “Schir, in the feld forſuth thar is o kny{ch}t,
+    That only throw his body and his my{ch}t
+    Wencuſſith all, that thar may non ſuſten
+    His ſtrokis, thai ar ſo fureows and ken.                      3332
+  [Sidenote: who fares as a lion or a bear;]
+    He farith as o lyone or o beyre,
+    Wod in his rag, for ſich is his affere.
+  [Sidenote: to whom the red knight hears no comparison.]
+    Nor he the kny{ch}t in to the armys Red,
+    Wich at the first aſſemble in this ſted                       3336
+    Wencuſſith all, and had the holl renown,
+    He may to this be no comp{ar}yſou{n}e,
+    Fore neu{er} he ſeſith ſen the day vas goñ,
+    Bot eu{er}more {con}tinewit in to one.”                       3340
+  [Sidenote: Galiot says he will go and see.]
+    Quod galiot, “in nome of god and we
+    Al, be tyme, the ſuthfaſtneß ſal see.”
+
+[Headnote: GALIOT RALLIES HIS MEN.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Galiot is armed, rallies the flyers, and encourages
+  his men.]
+      [T]han he in armys that he had is gon,
+    And to the feld w{i}t{h} hyme aȝane hath ton                  3344
+    Al the flear{is}, and foundyne [in][T75] ſich aray
+    His folk, that ner diſcumfyt al war thay;
+    Bot quhen thai ſaw cu{m}myne our the plan
+    Thar lord, thai tuk ſich hardeme{n}t aȝañ,                    3348
+  [Sidenote: They shout their war-cries.]
+    That thar eſſenȝeis lowd thai gon to cry.
+    He chargit tham to go, that ware hyme by,
+    Straucht to the feld, w{i}t{h} al thar holl forß;
+    And thai, the wich that ſparit not the horß,                  3352
+    All redy war to fillyng his {com}mand,
+    And freſchly went, w{i}t{h}owten more demand:
+    Throw qwich thar folk recou{er}yt haith thar place,
+  [Sidenote: All think a new host is coming.]
+    For al the feld p{re}ſwmyt that thar was                      3356
+    O new oſt, one ſuch o wyß thai ſoght;
+  [Sidenote: Arthur’s folk determine rather to die than fly.]
+    Whar arthuris folk had paſſith al to no{ch}t,
+    Ne war that thai the bett{er} war ilkoñe,
+    And at thai can them vtraly diſpoñe                           3360
+    Rathar to dee than flee, in thar entent,               [Fol. 41b.]
+    And of the blak kny{ch}t haith ſich hardyment;
+    For at al p{er}ell, al harmys, and myſchef,
+    In tyme of ned he can tham al ralef.                          3364
+
+      [Footnote T75: The sense, but not the metre, requires “in.”]
+
+      [T]har was the batell danger{us} & ſtrong,
+    Gret was the pres, bat{h} perell{us} & throng;
+  [Sidenote: The black knight is borne to the ground.]
+    The blak kny{ch}t is born on to the ground,
+    His horß hyme falyth, that fellith dethis wound.              3368
+  [Sidenote: The six comrades go to the earth.]
+    The vi falowis, that falowit hyme al day,
+    Sich was the preß, that to the erth go thay;
+    And thar in myd among his ennemys
+    He was about encloſit one ſich wyß                            3372
+  [Sidenote: None know where he is.]
+    That quhare he was non of [his] falowis knew,
+    Nor my{ch}t no{ch}t cum to help hyme, nore reſkew.
+    And thus among his ennemys allon
+  [Sidenote: He defends himself with his sword.]
+    His nakid ſuerd out of his hond haith ton;                    3376
+    And thar he p{re}wit his wertew & h{is} ſtrenth;
+    For thar was none w{i}t{h}in the ſuerdis lenth
+    That came, bot he goith to confuſioune.
+  [Sidenote: No helm nor habergeon may resist his sword.]
+    Thar was no helme, thar was no habirioune,                    3380
+    That may reſiſt his ſuerd, he ſmytith so;
+    One euery ſyd he helpith to and fro,
+    That al about the compas thai my{ch}t ken;
+    The ded horß lyith virſlyng w{i}t{h} the men.                 3384
+    Thai hyme aſſalȝeing bot{h} w{i}t{h} ſcheld & ſpere,
+  [Sidenote: He fares like a bear at the stake, that snubs the
+  hardy hounds.]
+    And he aȝane; as at the ſtok the bere
+    Snybbith the hardy hound{is} that ar ken,
+    So farith he; for neu{er} my{ch}t be ſen                      3388
+    His ſuerd to reſt, that in the gret rout
+    He rowmyth all the compas hyme about.
+
+[Headnote: GALIOT WONDERS AT LANCELOT’S PROWESS.]
+
+      [A]nd galiot, beholding his manhed,
+  [Sidenote: Galiot wonders at his deeds;]
+    W{i}t{h}in his-ſelf wond{er}ith of his ded,                   3392
+    How that the body only of o kny{ch}t
+    Haith ſich o ſtrenth, haith ſich affere & my{ch}t;
+    Than ſaid he thus, “I wald not that throw me,
+  [Sidenote: and says that such a knight shall not die on his
+  account.]
+    Or for my cauß, that ſuch o kny{ch}t ſuld dee,                3396
+    To conquer all this world that is ſo larg.”
+    His horß than can he w{i}t{h} his ſpuris charg,
+    A gret trunſioune In to his hond hath ton,
+    And in the thikeſt of the preß is goñ,                        3400
+  [Sidenote: He charges all his folk to cease;]
+    And al his folk chargit he to ſeß.
+    At his {com}mand thai levyng al the preß;
+    And quhen he had departit all the rout,                [Fol. 42a.]
+    He ſaid, “ſ{ir} kny{ch}t, havith now no dout.”                3404
+    Wich anſwerit, “I have no cauß to dred.”
+  [Sidenote: and assures the black knight that he will himself
+  warrant him from all harm.]
+    “Ȝis,” q{uod} he, “ſa eu{er} god me ſped,
+    Bot apone fut quhill ȝe ar fechtand here,
+    And yhow defendith apone ſich manere,                         3408
+    So hardely, and ek ſo lyk o kny{ch}t,
+    I ſal my-ſelf w{i}t{h} al my holl my{ch}t
+    Be yhour defens, and varand fra al harmys;
+    Bot had yhe left of worſchip In til armys,                    3412
+    What I have don I wold apone no wyß;
+    Bot ſen yhe ar of kny{ch}thed ſo to prys,
+    Ȝhe ſal[T76] no man{er} cauß have for to dred:
+
+      [Footnote T76: MS. “ſalt.”]
+
+[Headnote: GALIOT GIVES LANCELOT HIS OWN HORSE.]
+
+  [Sidenote: He offers him as many horses as he needs; and proposes
+  that they shall never again part.]
+    And ſet yhour horß be falit at this ned,                      3416
+    Diſpleß yhow not, for-quhy ȝe ſal not want
+    Als many as yhow lykith for to hawnt;
+    And I my-ſelf, I ſal yhowr ſqwyar bee,
+    And, if god will, neu{er} more ſal wee                        3420
+  [Sidenote: He ’lights from his horse, and gives him to Lancelot,
+  who thanks him.]
+    Dep{ar}t;” w{i}t{h} that, anon he can to lycht
+    Doune frome his horß, and gaf hyme to y^e kny{ch}t.
+    The lord he thonkit, and the horß hath ton,
+    And als ſo freſch one to the feld is gon,                     3424
+    As at no ſtrok{is} he that day had ben.
+    His falowis glad, one horß that hath hy{m} ſen,
+    To galiot one vthir horß thai broght;
+    And he goith one, and frome the feld he ſo{ch}t,              3428
+  [Sidenote: Galiot returns to his host, and chooses a band of
+  10,000 men.]
+    And to the plan quhar that his oſt{is} were;
+    And brandymagus chargit he to ſtere
+    Eft{er} hyme, w{i}t{h}in a lytill ſpace,
+    And x thouſand he takyne w{i}t{h} hy{m} haß.                  3432
+    Towart the feld onon he can to Rid,
+    And chargit them befor ye oſt to byd.
+  [Sidenote: The trumpets, clarions, horns, and bugles are sounded.]
+    Wp goith the trumpet{is}, and the claryownis,
+    Hornys, bugill{is} blawing furt{h} thar ſownis,               3436
+    That al the cuntre reſownit hath about;
+  [Sidenote: Arthur’s folk despair.]
+    Than arthuris folk var in diſpar & dout,
+    That hard the noys, and ſaw the m{u}ltitud
+    Of freſch folk; thai cam as thai war wod.                     3440
+
+[Headnote: LANCELOT HARANGUES ARTHUR’S HOST.]
+
+  [Sidenote: The sable knight, still fearless,]
+      [B]ot he that was w{i}t{h}owten any dred,
+    In ſabill cled, and ſaw the gret ned,
+    Aſſemblyt al his falowis, and arayd;
+  [Sidenote: harangues his men, saying,]
+    And thus to them in manly t{er}mes ſaid:                      3444
+    “What that ȝe ar I knaw not yhour eſtat,               [Fol. 42b.]
+  [Sidenote: “I know not who ye are, but I know that ye ought to
+  be commended.]
+    Bot of ma{n}hed and worſchip, well I wat,
+    Out throuch this warld yhe aw to be {com}me{n}dit,
+    This day ȝe have ſo kny{ch}tly yhow defendit.                 3448
+  [Sidenote: Ye see how your enemies, as night approaches, are
+  striving to give you an outrage or a fright.]
+    And now yhe ſee how that, aȝanis the ny{ch}t,
+    Yhour ennemys p{re}tendit w{i}t{h} thar myght
+    Of multitud, and w{i}t{h} thar new oſt,
+    And w{i}t{h} thar buglis and thar wynd{is} boſt               3452
+    Freſchly cu{m}myng In to ſich aray,
+    To ifyne yhow one owtrag[T77] or affray.
+    And now almoſt cu{m}myne Is the ny{ch}t,
+  [Sidenote: Employ then your courage, so that the honour ye have
+  won be not again lost.]
+    Quharfor yhour ſtrenth, yhour curag, & yhovr my{ch}t          3456
+    Yhe occupye in to ſo manly wyß,
+    That the worſchip of kny{ch}thed & empryß
+    That yhe have wonyng, and ye g{re}t renown
+    Be not yloſt, be not ylaid doune.                             3460
+    For one hour the ſufferyng of diſtreß,
+    Gret harm It war yhe tyne the hie encreß
+    Of vorſchip, ſ{er}uit al this day before.
+    And to yhow al my conſell is, tharfore,                       3464
+  [Sidenote: Resolve then to meet them sharply, without fear, so
+  that they may feel the cold spear in their hearts.]
+    W{i}t{h} manly curag, but radour, yhe p{re}tend
+    To met tham ſcharply at the ſperis end,
+    So that thei feil the cold ſperis poynt
+    Out-throw thar ſcheld{is}, in thar hart{is} poynt.            3468
+    So ſal thai fynd we ar no-thing affrayt;
+    Whar-throuch we ſall the well leß be aſſayt.
+  [Sidenote: Perhaps then the foremost will make the rest afraid.”]
+    If that we met them ſcharply in the berd,
+    The formeſt ſal mak al the laif afferd.”                      3472
+    And w{i}t{h} o woyß thai cry al, “ſ{ir} kny{ch}t,
+    Apone yhour manhed, and yhour gret my{ch}t,
+  [Sidenote: They promise to stand firm.]
+    We ſal abid, for no man ſhall eſchef
+    Frome yhow this day, his ma{n}hed for to pref.”               3476
+  [Sidenote: Sir Yvan also bids his men be comforted; for that they
+  see all the strength of their enemies.]
+    And to his oſt the lord ſ{ir} yvane ſaid,
+    “Yhe comfort yow, yhe be no-thing affrayd,
+    Ws ned no more to dreding of ſuppriß;
+    We ſe the ſtrenth of al our ennemys.”                         3480
+    Thus he ſaid, for he wend thai var no mo,
+  [Sidenote: Sir Gawane, however, knew better.]
+    Bot ſ{ir} gawan knew well It vas not ſo;
+    For al the oſt{is} my{ch}t he ſe al day,
+    And the gret hoſt he ſaw quhar y{a}t it lay.                  3484
+
+      [Footnote T77: MS. “owtray.” See Glossary.]
+
+[Headnote: THE POEM ABRUPTLY ENDS.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Galiot also exhorts his men.]
+      [A]nd galiot he can his folk exort,
+    Beſeching them to be of good comfort,
+                            And ſich encont{er}
+
+[_The rest is wanting._]
+
+
+
+
+NOTES.
+
+
+[It may be observed, once for all, that the expression _in to_
+repeatedly occurs where we should simply use _in_; and _one to_ is in
+like manner put for _unto_. The ending _-ith_ (for _-ed_) is frequent in
+the past tense, and _-it_ (also for _-ed_) in the past participle,
+though this distinction is not always observed. A still more noticeable
+ending is _-ing_ (for _-en_) in the infinitive. Observe further that the
+letters _v_, _u_, and _w_ are perfectly convertible, and used quite
+indiscriminately; so that _wpone_ means _upon_; _vthir_ means _uthir_,
+i.e., _other_: _our_ is put for _over_; _vounde_ signifies _wound_,
+etc.]
+
+Page 1, line 1. _The soft morow._ This nominative case has no verb.
+A similar construction occurs in the first lines of Books II. and III.
+
+4. _Uprisith--his hot courss_, Upriseth in his hot course; _chare_,
+chariot.
+
+6. _sent_, sendeth; so also _stant_, standeth, l. 326.
+
+8. _valkyne_, waken.
+
+10. _gyrss_, grass.
+
+11. _assay_, assault.
+
+13. _wox_, voice.
+
+17. _frome I can_, from the time that I did.
+
+18. _It deuit me_, it availed me. Jamieson gives “_Dow_, 1. to be able;
+A.S. _dugan_ (_valere_), to be able. 2. to avail; Teut. _doogen_.”
+
+P. 2, l. 23. _hewy ȝerys_, heavy years.
+
+24. “Until that Phœbus had thrice gone through his full circuits” (lit.
+spheres). See the peculiar use of “pas” in other places.
+
+26. “So, by such a manner, was my lot fated;” see l. 41.
+
+28. _carving can_, did cut.
+
+30. _be the morow_, by the morn.
+
+36. _neulyngis_, newly, anew.
+
+43. _walkith_, walked.
+
+50. _I-clede_, y-clad, clad. Ch. has _clede_.
+
+54. “No one within thought he could be seen by any wight outside.”
+
+P. 3, l. 56. _clos it_, enclose it; the MS. has _closit_.
+
+57. _alphest._ This reading of the MS. is an error for _alcest_. See
+Chaucer, Prologue to Legend of good women, l. 511:
+
+  “The gret{e} goodnesse of the quene Alceste,
+  That turned was into a dayesye,”
+
+Alceste being the contracted form of Alcestis.
+
+59. _Wnclosing gane_, did unclose.
+
+60. “The bright sun had illumined the spray, and had updrawn (upwarped)
+into the lusty air the night’s soft (sober) and moist showers; and had
+made the morning soft, pleasant, and fair.” With this difficult passage
+we should compare l. 2477.
+
+66. _Quhill_, until.
+
+67. _till ony vicht_, to any wight.
+
+69. _Bot gladness til the thochtful, euer mo_, etc., “But, as for
+gladness to the melancholy man, evermore the more he seeth of it, the
+more wo he hath.”
+
+73. _represent_, represented (accented on the second syllable).
+
+74. _Al day gan be sor_, etc., “All the day, my spirit began to dwell in
+torment, through sorrow of thought;” _be sor_, by sorrow (A.S. sorh).
+
+77. _Ore slep, or how I wot_, “Or sleep, ere I knew how.”
+
+83. _A-licht_, alighted.
+
+84. _levis in to were_, livest in doubt.
+
+P. 4, l. 91. _be morow_, by morrow; at early morn.
+
+99. _set_, although.
+
+103. _weil accordinge_, very fitting.
+
+105. _long ore he be sonde_, (It is) long ere he be sound.
+
+108. _seith, for to consel_, saith, that as for concealing or shewing,
+etc.
+
+109. _althir-best_, lit. best of all; see Chaucer’s use of _alderfirst,
+alderlast_.
+
+P. 5, l. 127. _lat be thi nyss dispare_, let be thy nice (foolish)
+despair.
+
+128. _erith_, earth.
+
+134. _schall hyme hating_, shall hate him. The termination _-ing_ is
+here the sign of the infinitive mood after the verb _shall_.
+
+140. _Set_, although.
+
+146. _tak one hand and mak_, undertake and compose; _trety_, treatise;
+_vnkouth_, unknown, new.
+
+151. _belevis_, believe will please thy lady.
+
+160. _yis_, this.
+
+P. 6, l. 161. _troucht_, truth.
+
+163. _discharge_, release.
+
+170. _spir_, sphere.
+
+171. “At command of a wise (god from) whose vision,” etc. We sometimes
+find in old English the adjective “a wise” used absolutely for “a wise
+man.” See “Le Morte Arthur,” ed. F. J. Furnivall, l. 3318.
+
+175. _tynt_, lost.
+
+177. _be this worldis fame_. Here again, as in many other passages, “be”
+expresses with relation to, as regards.
+
+185. _yaim_, them.
+
+191. _demande_, demur.
+
+P. 7, l. 198. _Quhill_, until.
+
+200. _conten_, treat; lit. contain.
+
+202. Lancelot is here called the son of Ban, king of Albanak; so again
+in l. 1447.
+
+204. _redis_, read.
+
+214. “I will not waste my efforts thereupon.”
+
+219. _wnwyst_, unwist, unknown.
+
+225. _nome_, name.
+
+226. _Iwondit to the stak_, very deeply wounded; but there is no doubt
+about the origin of the phrase. See Glossary.
+
+228. _astart_, get rid of it, escape it.
+
+P. 8, l. 240. _dedenyt to aras_, deigned to pluck out.
+
+244. _hurtare_, hurter.
+
+245. _Iwond_, wounded.
+
+248. _ful wicht_, full nimble.
+
+251. _of quhome_, by whom.
+
+253. _send_, sent.
+
+257. _pasing vassolag_, surpassing prowess.
+
+260. “Passed down into the fell caves.”
+
+264. _tane_, taken.
+
+266. _cwre_, care.
+
+P. 9, l. 267. _gart be maid_, caused to be made.
+
+271. _awoue_, vow.
+
+275. _in to that gret Revare_, in that great river.
+
+284. _o gret confusione of pupil and knychtis_, al enarmyt, a great
+medley of people and knights, all fully armed. Stevenson actually reads
+_unarmyt!_
+
+294. _I wil report_; both here and in l. 320 we should almost expect to
+find “_I nil report_;” i.e. I will not tell. It must mean, “I will tell
+you why I omit to mention these things.” Compare lines 266, 320.
+
+297. _thing_, think.
+
+P. 10, l. 305. _veris_, wars.
+
+306. _be the wais_, by the ways.
+
+307. _Tuex_, betwixt; _accorde_, agreement.
+
+314. _mot_, must.
+
+316. _stek_, concluded.
+
+319. _most conpilour_, very great composer.
+
+320. “As to whose name I will only say, that it is unfit,” etc.
+
+326. _stant_, standeth.
+
+328. _yroung_, rung.
+
+330. _beith_, shall be; observe the _future_ sense of _beith_ in this
+place.
+
+331. _suet_, sweet.
+
+332. “His soul in bliss preserved be on that account.”
+
+334. _and this endit._ Whether _endit_ here refers to _inditing_ or
+_ending_ is perhaps doubtful.
+
+
+NOTES TO BOOK I.
+
+P. 11, l. 336. If by _aryeit_ is here meant the _sign_, not the
+_constellation_ of Aries, the day referred to is April 1 or 2, according
+to Chaucer’s “Astrolabie.”
+
+338. _bewis_, boughs.
+
+340. _makyne gone_, did make.
+
+341. _in ther chere_, after their fashion. (For _chere_, see Glossary.)
+
+345. _auerding to_, belonging to.
+
+351. _Anoit_, annoyed.
+
+352. _For why_, wherefore; so also _for-thi_, therefore.
+
+354. _can_, began.
+
+355. _sende_, sent.
+
+358. _heryng_, hear (infin. mood). In the next line it occurs as a
+present participle.
+
+362. _to pas hyme_, to go, depart.
+
+364. _meit_, to dream of; _aperans_, an appearance, apparition.
+
+P. 12, l. 365. _hore_, hair.
+
+375. _vombe_, womb; hence bowels.
+
+377. _stert_, started.
+
+384. _gert_, caused.
+
+390. _traist_, trust.
+
+397. _demande_, demur, delay.
+
+398. _at_, that.
+
+P. 13, l. 407. _whill_, until.
+
+408. _the_, they.
+
+410. _to viting_, to know.
+
+412. _shauyth al hall_, sheweth all whole.
+
+414. _chesith_, chooseth.
+
+422. _shire_, sir.
+
+424. _fore to awysing_, in order to take counsel.
+
+432. All this about _astronomy_ (i.e. astrology) should be compared with
+Gower; Conf. Amantis, lib. vii; ed. Pauli, vol. 3, pp. 133, 134.
+Arachell, Nembrote, Moises, Hermes are there mentioned as astrologers.
+
+433. The MS. has “set” (_not_ with a long _s_). Mr Stevenson has “fet,”
+which would seem right.
+
+P. 14, l. 435. _nembrot_, Nimrod; see _Genesis and Exodus_ (E.E.T.S.),
+l. 659.
+
+436. _herynes_, miswritten for _herymes_, i.e. Hermes.
+
+439. “The which they found were wondrously evil set.”
+
+440. _his sweuen met_, dreamed his dream.
+
+443. _waryng in to were_, were in doubt.
+
+444. _danger_, power to punish; compare Shakspere’s use of the word.
+
+457. _but delay_, without delay.
+
+459. _stondith heuy cherith_, stood heavy-cheered, was sad in his
+demeanour.
+
+465. _fundyng_, found.
+
+466. _depend to_, depend upon.
+
+P. 15, l. 475. _tone_, taken.
+
+478. _assey_, test.
+
+481. _record_, to tell out, speak.
+
+487. _preseruith It allan_, is preserved alone.
+
+499. _affy in-tyll_, rely upon.
+
+500. _failye_, fail.
+
+504. _there clergy_, their science.
+
+P. 16, l. 519. “Through the watery lion, who is also faithful, and
+through the leech and eke the water also, and through the counsel of the
+flower.” It is very possible this passage is partly corrupt; l. 520
+should certainly be (as may be seen from lines 2010, 2056),
+
+  “And throuch the leich withouten medysyne.”
+
+The meanings of lion, leech, and flower are fully explained, however, in
+lines 2013-2120.
+
+524. _weyne_, vain.
+
+527. _passid nat his thoght_, left not his thoughts.
+
+531. _rachis_, braches, dogs.
+
+533. _grewhundis_, grayhounds.
+
+536. This purely conjectural line is merely inserted to carry on the
+sense. It is imitated from line 3293. In the next line we should read
+“grewhundis,” rather than “grewhund.”
+
+538. _Befor ther hedis_, before their heads.
+
+P. 17, l. 545. “All armed, as was then the fashion.”
+
+546. _salust_, saluted.
+
+548. _kend_, known.
+
+549. _leuyth_, liveth.
+
+552. The rime requires “land,” as in l. 638.
+
+553. _yald hyme our_, yield him over.
+
+554. _if tribut_, give tribute.
+
+566. _recist_, resist; _mone bee_, must be.
+
+568. _be_, by.
+
+569. _day moneth day_, ere this day month; comp. l. 1162.
+
+P. 18, l. 577. _fairhed_, fair-hood, beauty.
+
+587. _magre myne entent_, in spite of my intention.
+
+591. _nome_, took.
+
+593. _Inquere at_, inquire of.
+
+596. _wes_, was.
+
+599. _rase_, rose.
+
+605. _accordith_, agree thereto.
+
+606. _recordith_, belongith.
+
+607. _visare_, wiser.
+
+P. 19, l. 621. _This spek I lest_, this I list to speak.
+
+622. _varnit_, warned.
+
+626. “Though the season of the year was contrary.”
+
+627. _atte_, at the.
+
+629. _the ilk_, that (Scotch _thilk_).
+
+632. _Melyhalt_, the name both of a hill, and of the town built upon it.
+
+636. _affray_, terror.
+
+642. _wnconquest_, unconquered.
+
+643. _cwre_, care.
+
+P. 20, l. 649. _nemmyt_, named.
+
+652. _were_, war.
+
+654. _or than to morn_, earlier than to-morrow.
+
+660. _our few_, over few.
+
+677. _northest_, north-east.
+
+P. 21, l. 686. _fechteris_, fighters.
+
+688. _holde_, held.
+
+691. _presone_, prison.
+
+697. _peite_, pity.
+
+699. The metre of Lancelot’s lament is that of Chaucer’s “Cuckoo and
+Nightingale,” and was very possibly copied from it. _Qwhat haue y gilt_,
+what crime have I committed.
+
+702. _ago_, gone.
+
+703. _nat_, naught; _me glaid_, gladden me.
+
+706. _til haue_, to have.
+
+709. _Sen thelke tyme_, since that time.
+
+P. 22, l. 718. _of remed_, for a remedy.
+
+719. _sesith_, ceaseth.
+
+723. _with this lady_, by this lady.
+
+728. _laisere_, leisure.
+
+731. _diuerss wais sere_, divers several ways.
+
+733. _bur_, bore.
+
+735. _cher_, car.
+
+740. _dout_, to fear.
+
+745. _but were_, without doubt. This expression often occurs.
+
+P. 23, l. 751. _few menye_, small company; an oddly sounding expression
+to modern ears.
+
+753. _cold_, called.
+
+754. _hot_, hight, was named.
+
+755. _but in his cumpany_, unless he had with him.
+
+757. _He saith_; the speaker is the captain of the hundred knights,
+called in l. 806 _Maleginis_.
+
+768. _als fell_, just as many.
+
+777. _hard_, heard.
+
+781. _clepit_, called.
+
+P. 24, l. 793, _as he wel couth_, as he well knew how.
+
+796. _sen_, seen.
+
+800. _sen_, since.
+
+806. _was hot_, was hight, was named.
+
+809. _In myde the borde and festinit in the stell_, In the midst they
+encounter, and fastened in the steel. See l. 850.
+
+812. _Rout_, company.
+
+815. _ferde_, fourth.
+
+817. _sauch thar latter batell steir_, saw their last division stir.
+
+P. 25, l. 820. _gane his mortall fell._ A word seems here omitted; if
+after _mortall_ we insert _strokis_, the sense will be, “His enemies
+began his mortall strokes to feel.”
+
+825. _worth_, worthy. It would improve the metre to read _worthy_
+(l. 875).
+
+828. _In to were_, in war, in the strife.
+
+829. _hyme bure_, bore himself.
+
+839. _to-for_, heretofore.
+
+841. _Atour_, i.e. _at over_, across.
+
+842. _assall_, assault. The rime shews we should read _assaill_, as in
+l. 855.
+
+849. _socht atour_, made their way across. The use of _seke_ in Early
+English is curious.
+
+P. 26, l. 861. _setith his payn vpone_, devotes his endeavours to.
+
+868. _al to-kerwith_, wholly cutteth in pieces.
+
+880. _dirk_, dark.
+
+883. _tan and slan_, taken and slain.
+
+P. 27, l. 895. It frequently occurs in the MS. that a space is left at
+the beginning of a line, and the first letter of the line is omitted. It
+is evident that the intention was that the first letter should be
+illuminated, and that this, after all, was not done. Here, for instance,
+the T is omitted, as indicated by the square brackets. So also in
+l. 1083, etc.
+
+897. _pasing home_, go home.
+
+899. _was vent_, had gone.
+
+905. _dulay_, delay. So also _duclar_ for _declare_.
+
+907. _comyne_, came.
+
+908. _ill paid_, displeased.
+
+909. _homly_, humbly. Stevenson reads _hourly_, but this is wrong; see
+l. 914.
+
+911. _carful_, full of care, unhappy.
+
+912. _withouten were_, without doubt.
+
+914. _lawly_, lowly.
+
+918. _wight_, with (unusual, and perhaps wrong).
+
+P. 28, l. 924. _leife_, live.
+
+929. _eft_, after.
+
+933. _thar longith_, there belongeth.
+
+943. _I was for til excuss_, I had some excuse.
+
+944. “Because I did behove (to do it), out of very need.”
+
+946. _lefe it but_, leave it without.
+
+953. _ma_, make.
+
+954. _ga_, go.
+
+955. _of new_, anew.
+
+958. _But if that deth or other lat certan_, “Except it be owing to
+death or other sure hindrance.”
+
+P. 29, l. 960. _be hold_, be held. MS. _behold_. Stevenson suggested the
+alteration, which is certainly correct.
+
+961. _withthy_, on the condition that.
+
+965. _promyt_, promise; _als fast as_, as soon as.
+
+973. _ferd_, fourth.
+
+982. “Where we shall decide the end of this war.”
+
+P. 30, l. 997. _cag_, cage, prison.
+
+999. _amen_, pleasant.
+
+1000. _vodis_, woods.
+
+1004. _lust_, pleasure (Ch.). But the line is obscure; unless we read
+“_diuersitee_.”
+
+1009. “His spirit started (owing to the) love (which) anon hath caught
+him,” etc.
+
+1012. _at_, that.
+
+1014. “(As to) whom they know not at all.”
+
+1019. _sen at_, since that.
+
+1022. _the dewod_, devoid thee.
+
+1024. _and_, if.
+
+1026. _be ony mayne_, by any mean.
+
+P. 31, l. 1027. _y red_, I advise.
+
+1035. _To warnnyng_, to warn.
+
+1040. _our the furdis_, over the fords.
+
+1044. _oyer._ So in MS.; the _y_ representing the old _th_ (_þ_); other.
+
+1046. _hufyng_, halting.
+
+1050. _worschip_, honour. “It were more expedient to maintain your
+honour.”
+
+1058. _wonk_, winked.
+
+1062. _vare_, aware.
+
+P. 32, l. 1064. The meaning of “ferst-conquest” is “first-conquered”
+(_conquest_ being Old Fr. for conquered). It is explained in l. 1547 as
+having been a title given to the king whom Galiot first subdued.
+
+1067. _ferss_, fierce.
+
+1070. _suppos_, although.
+
+1073. _he_; viz. the shrew.
+
+1077. The MS. has “ſched.”
+
+1080. _ymen_, I mean.
+
+1095. _tais_, takes.
+
+P. 33, l. 1109. _Galyot_ put for _Galiotes_, the genitive case-ending
+being often omitted, after a proper name especially.
+
+1110. _prewit_, proved, tried.
+
+1129. _traist_, trust.
+
+1131. _that euery thing hath cure_, that (of) everything hath care.
+
+P. 34, l. 1135. “Aye from the time that the sun began to light the
+world’s face, until he was gone.”
+
+1137. _o forss_, perforce.
+
+1141. _taiis_, takes.
+
+1142. _hecht_, promised.
+
+1151. _failȝeis_, fail.
+
+1154. _fet_, fetched.
+
+1156. _stant_, standeth.
+
+1162. _resput_, respite.
+
+1166. _very knychtis passing_, weary knights go.
+
+P. 35, l. 1170. _till spere_, to inquire.
+
+1177. _ne wor his worschip_, had it not been for his valour.
+
+1187. _qwheyar_, whether. 1191-4. “And fond,” etc. These four lines are
+now for the first time printed. They were omitted by Stevenson,
+evidently by accident.
+
+1196. _Per dee._ Fr. _par Dieu_: an oath common in old ballads,
+generally in the form _pardy_.
+
+1197. _vsyt_, used.
+
+1198. “I advise that we go unto his arms” (armour).
+
+1203. _haill_, whole.
+
+P. 36, l. 1207. _abwsyt_, abused, i.e. made an ill use of.
+
+1208. _vsyt_, used.
+
+1209. _suppos the best that lewis_, even though (it were) the best that
+lives.
+
+1217. _on slep_, asleep. The prefix _a-_ in English is due to the Saxon
+_on_.
+
+1221. _al to-hurt_, etc. See note in Glossary on the word _To-kerwith_.
+
+1225. _sauch_, saw; _rewit_, rued, pitied.
+
+1233. _one syd a lyt_, a little on one side.
+
+1236. _our mekill_, over much.
+
+P. 37, l. 1240. _yarof_, thereof.
+
+1241. _ruput_, repute, think.
+
+1242. _ablare_, abler, readier.
+
+1253. Insert a comma after _thret_, and destroy that after _lowe_. The
+meaning perhaps is, “But what if he be appealed to and threatened, and
+(meanwhile) his heart be elsewhere set to love.” Observe that _and_ is
+often the third or fourth word in the sentence it should begin. See
+l. 2833.
+
+1258. _ȝhe tyne yowr low_, you lose your love.
+
+1260. _conclusit_, ended.
+
+1265. _mokil_, much.
+
+1268. _of new_, anew, again.
+
+1273. _pan_, pain.
+
+
+NOTES TO BOOK II.
+
+P. 38, l. 1279. _thocht_, anxiety.
+
+1284. _apperans_, i.e. vision, as in l. 364.
+
+1295. _aqwynt_, acquainted; Burns uses _acquent_.
+
+1297. _com_, coming.
+
+P. 39, l. 1316. “So far out of the way you go in your course.” Compare
+l. 1797.
+
+1317. “Thy ship, that goeth upon the stormy surge, nigh of thy revels
+(i.e. because of thy revels) in the gulf it falls, where it is almost
+drowned in the peril.”
+
+1321. “In the wretched dance of wickedness.” See the curious uses of the
+word “daunce” in Chaucer.
+
+1323. _the son_, thee soon.
+
+1330. _powert_, poverty; _as the-selwyne wat_, as thyself knows.
+
+1334. _in to spousag_, in wedlock.
+
+P. 40, l. 1343. The word _diuerss_ is required to complete the line; cf.
+l. 731.
+
+1352. _suppriss_, oppression.
+
+1354. _wedwis_, widows.
+
+1367. _that ilke_, that same.
+
+1369. _sufferith_, makest to suffer.
+
+P. 41, l. 1379. Eccles. iv. 9, 10.
+
+1387. _yow mone_, thou must.
+
+1392. _her-efter leif_, hereafter live.
+
+1401. A comma is scarcely needed after “_sapiens_.” It means “The fear
+of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom.” Prov. ix. 10.
+
+P. 42, l. 1409. _to ryng wnder his pess_, to reign under His peace, by
+His permission. Roquefort gives _pais_, licence, permission.
+
+1420. _arour_, error.
+
+1427. _leful_, lawful.
+
+P. 43, l. 1447. Ban, king of Albanak, was Lancelot’s father. See l. 202,
+1450.
+
+1474. The MS. has “aſſit.”
+
+P. 44, l. 1491. _tak the bak apone themself_, turn their backs.
+
+1500. _yewyne_, given.
+
+1504. _till_, to; redundant.
+
+1506. _stand aw_, stand in awe. So also in l. 2684. The same expression
+occurs in _The Bruce_, iii. 62, ed. Pinkerton, p. 42, ed. Jamieson; and
+also in _Havelok_, l. 277, where the word _in_, supplied from
+conjecture, should be struck out.
+
+P. 45, l. 1537. _throw his peple_, by his people.
+
+1541. _Thus falith not_, etc., “Except wise conduct falleth to a king.”
+
+1546. It may be right to retain the spelling of the MS.--“kinghe;” for,
+though strange and unusual, it occurs again in l. 2527.
+
+P. 46, l. 1556. _wende_, weened.
+
+1560. _in to his contrare_, against him.
+
+1568. _trewis_, truce.
+
+1575. _his powar_, his chief army.
+
+1576. _by the yhere_, by the ear, privately.
+
+1579. _cold_, called; as in l. 753.
+
+P. 47, l. 1597. _home fair_, go home.
+
+1608. _And_; redundant in modern English. For many of the precepts given
+by Amytans the author must have been indebted to Gower, or, at any rate,
+to the author of the _Secreta Secretorum_. See Gower; Conf. Amantis; ed.
+Pauli, lib. vii; vol. 3, pp. 152-159. And cf. Tyrwhitt’s note to the
+Canterbury Tales, l. 16915; and Warton’s Hist. Eng. Poetry.
+
+P. 48, l. 1628. _lest_, least; _low_, law. It requires care to
+distinguish the two meanings of _low_, viz. _love_ and _law_.
+
+1633. _Iug_, judge.
+
+P. 49, l. 1660. _sar_, sorely.
+
+1666. A line omitted. The inserted line is purely conjectural.
+
+P. 50, l. 1704. _pupelle_, people.
+
+1708. _Inwyus_, envious.
+
+1716. _longith_, belongeth.
+
+1717. _the lykith_, it likes thee, thou art pleased.
+
+P. 51, l. 1724. _betak til hyme_, confer upon him.
+
+1730. _essy_, easy.
+
+1736. _for the nonis_, for the occasion. See White’s Ormulum.
+
+1739. _vn to the vorthi pur yow if_, unto the worthy poor thou give.
+
+1742. _set nocht of gret substans_, though not of great value.
+
+1754. _alowit_, approved of.
+
+P. 52, l. 1761. _tynith_, loseth.
+
+1763. _atonis_, at once.
+
+1771. _resawe_, receive.
+
+1773. _with two_, also.
+
+P. 53, l. 1791. _well less, al-out_, much less, altogether. The
+punctuation hereabouts in Stevenson’s edition is very wild.
+
+1795. _wys_, vice; _the wrechitness_, thy miserliness.
+
+1797. _pass the courss_, go thy way.
+
+1808. _vrech_, wretch; but here used instead of _miser_.
+
+1812. _viss_, vice.
+
+1814. _ben y-knawith_, are known (to be) (?).
+
+1815. _dant_, daunt.
+
+1822. _the ton_, the one.
+
+P. 54, l. 1832. _beis var_, beware.
+
+1834. _colde_, cool.
+
+1852. _onys_, once.
+
+1855. _whar-throw_, through which, whereby.
+
+P. 55, l. 1864, _awn_, own. The metre requires the more usual form
+_awin_.
+
+1879. _dispolȝeith_, despoileth.
+
+1881. _For-quhi_, wherefore. In this line the MS. has “scrikth.”
+
+P. 56, l. 1899. _most nedis_, must needs. _Ye_ = _the_; i.e. The one,
+He.
+
+1909. _Mot_, might.
+
+1917. _in_ should be _into_, as elsewhere.
+
+P. 57, l. 1940. _havith_, hath.
+
+1950. _hot_, hight, is called.
+
+P. 58, l. 1966. _wnepwnist_, unpunished.
+
+1990. _omend_, amend; _spill_, destroy.
+
+P. 59, l. 2011. _ayre_, are.
+
+2012. _duclar_, declare; so also _dulay_ for delay.
+
+2017. _the god werray_, the Very God.
+
+P. 60, l. 2036. _For-quhi_, wherefore.
+
+2040. _mad_, made.
+
+2041. _clergy_, science.
+
+2062. _be the mycht dewyne_, by the might divine.
+
+P. 61, l. 2069. _far_, fare.
+
+2079. _helyth frome the ground_, heals from the bottom; i.e.
+effectually.
+
+2100. _not sessith_, who ceaseth not.
+
+P. 62, l. 2107. _Ne war_, were it not for; _hartly_, hearty; it occurs
+again four lines below.
+
+2135. _yneuch_, enough. He means he will ask but one question more.
+
+P. 63, l. 2148. _To passing home_, to go home.
+
+2162. _the _xxiiij_ day_. The first _i_ in the MS. is like a “v” smudged
+over; we should read “xxiiij,” as in l. 2155. The contraction is to be
+read _four and twentieth_, not _twenty-fourth_; so also in l. 610.
+
+P. 64, l. 2190. _hal dure_, hall door.
+
+2192. _o iorne most for to comend_, a journey most to be commended.
+
+2194. _lowith_, love.
+
+P. 65, l. 2212. _the fewar eschef thay_, the less they achieve.
+
+2229. “For no adventure will prove so great, that ye shall not achieve
+it.”
+
+2241. _whill_, until.
+
+P. 66, l. 2247. _galot_; so in MS.
+
+2265. _grant mercy_, great thanks; Fr. _grand merci_.
+
+2267. _quhy_, because.
+
+P. 67, l. 2279. _thithingis_, tidings; probably an error of the scribe
+for _tithingis_. Stevenson has _chichingis_!
+
+2284. _al-out_, altogether.
+
+2304. _oft syss_, oft-times. See Glossary (_Syss_).
+
+2306. _dante_, dainty.
+
+2310. _tithandis_, tidings; compare l. 2279.
+
+P. 68, l. 2323. _aw_, owe.
+
+2328. _fantessy_, fancy, notion.
+
+2334. _for no why_, for no reason.
+
+2337. _mon I fair_, must I go.
+
+2338. _our son It waire_, over soon it were.
+
+2342. _For-quhy_, because.
+
+P. 69, l. 2352. _nor_ has the force of _but_.
+
+2366. _be ony men_, by any means.
+
+2368. _on of tho_, one of them.
+
+2375. _chen of low_, chain of love.
+
+2376. _and if ȝhe may deren_, an if you may declare.
+
+P. 70, l. 2409. _hartly raquer_, heartily require.
+
+2416. _gar ordan_, cause to be provided.
+
+P. 71, l. 2428. _prewaly disspone_, privily dispose.
+
+2436. _ellis-quhat_; I suppose this means, “he was on fire _elsewhere_.”
+
+2448. _hamlynes_, homeliness.
+
+2452. _fest throw al the ȝher eliche_, feast through all the year alike.
+
+P. 72, l. 2469. _commend_, commended.
+
+2470. _he drywith_, he driveth, pursueth. The reading is not _drawith_,
+as in Stevenson.
+
+
+NOTES TO BOOK III.
+
+P. 73, l. 2471. This line is too long, and the sense imperfect; but
+there is no doubt about the reading of the MS.
+
+2474. _Awodith_, expels.
+
+2475. _doune valis_, falls down; for it is evident that _valis_ is an
+error for _falis_, the mistake having arisen from confusion with the
+succeeding line.
+
+2480. _cled_, clad.
+
+2487. _bygown_, begun. In the next line Stevenson has _sown_; but the
+true reading is _Rown_, run; as in l. 2820.
+
+2492. _barnag_, baronage, nobility.
+
+P. 74, l. 2522. _but dulay_, without delay; _the_, they.
+
+2524. _thar com_, their coming.
+
+2530. _in the dogre_, in its (due) degree.
+
+P. 75, l. 2545. _Or that_, ere that.
+
+2552. _he and hate_, high and hot.
+
+2558. _the can_, they began.
+
+P. 76, l. 2574. _hyme mak_, prepare himself; or perhaps simply, make
+(for the field), go.
+
+2582. _helmys last_; _last_ clearly means _laced_; see l. 2250.
+
+2594. _Ȝhit_, although.
+
+2599. _dout_, fear.
+
+2600. _is assemblit_, made an attack. The peculiar use of _assemble_
+must always be borne in mind.
+
+2601. _erd_, earth.
+
+P. 77, l. 2612. _found till gwyans_, go to Gwyans.
+
+2614. _til esquyris thei sewyt_, after Esquyris they followed.
+
+2619. _one to the melle socht_, made their way to the mêlée.
+
+2627. _don bore_, borne down.
+
+2630. Fifty thousand. It would appear that Galiot had 40,000, of whom
+10,000 were held _in reserve_; so that in l. 2632 only 30,000 are
+mentioned. See l. 2569, 2647.
+
+P. 78, l. 2646. _ten_, sorrow, vexation.
+
+2656. _resauf_, receive.
+
+2663. _at thar come_, at their coming; _led_, put down.
+
+2670. _biding one the bent_, abide on the grassy plain.
+
+P. 79, l. 2679. “That, despite their efforts, they must needs retire.”
+
+2684. _stud aw_, stood in awe; see note to l. 1506. 2693, 4. These lines
+do not rime. But we should certainly read _felde_, _erde_ having slipped
+in from confusion with l. 2691. The knight of Galloway goes _to the
+field_, i.e. joins battle.
+
+P. 80, l. 2712. _On ayar half_, on either side. The MS. omits _to_.
+
+2713. _of_, off.
+
+2714. _noiss_, nose.
+
+2731. _Bot nocht forthi_, But not on that account.
+
+P. 81, l. 2754. _harmys_, loss.
+
+2761. _aucht to ses_, ought to cease.
+
+2765. _at_, that.
+
+2768. _my lef_, my leave, permission.
+
+2770. _in to cage_, in prison.
+
+P. 82, l. 2802. _commandit_, commended.
+
+P. 83, l. 2819. _one athir half_, on either side.
+
+2820. _rown_, run.
+
+2821. _howyns_; an ungrammatical form; perhaps _howyng_ is meant.
+
+2827. _one hycht_, on height; i.e. aloud.
+
+2829. _sterith_, stirreth.
+
+2833. “The lady of Melyhalt made (her way) to him, and immediately
+caused his couch to be placed before a window.” Mr Stevenson reads,
+
+  “Of Melyhalt the lady to hyme maid
+  Incontinent his couche, and gart he[N1] had,” etc.
+
+i.e. “The lady immediately made his bed for him,” etc.
+
+2841. _wencust_, vanquished. After this word we should perhaps insert
+“at,” as in l. 3336.
+
+    [Footnote N1: But the MS. has “be;” also “melyhat” instead of
+    “Melyhalt.”]
+
+P. 84, ll. 2877-2880. These lines were printed by me for the first time,
+four lines having been here again omitted by Mr Stevenson.
+
+2880. _but weyne_, without doubt.
+
+2884. _to led and stere_, to lead and direct.
+
+P. 85, l. 2893. _Endlong_, along.
+
+2894. _weryne_, were.
+
+2913. _let_, hinder.
+
+P. 86, l. 2925. _dulay_, delay; as in several other places.
+
+2938. _fek_, effect.
+
+2944. _ȝude_, went.
+
+2947. _fair_, welfare.
+
+P. 87, l. 2964. _Whill_, until.
+
+2970. _ho_, stop, pause.
+
+2971. _veryng In affray_, were in terror.
+
+2972. _rovm_, room.
+
+2978. _socht_, made his way.
+
+2984. _disponit_, intends; but we must insert “not,” to complete the
+sense and the metre.
+
+P. 88, l. 2998. _eschevit_ (used passively), is achieved.
+
+3003. _o knycht_, a single knight.
+
+3005. _tais_, takes.
+
+3006. _fays_, foes.
+
+3013. _onys or the nycht_, once ere the night.
+
+3015. _that ȝhe have gilt to mend_, to amend that in which ye have
+trespassed.
+
+P. 89, l. 3052. _Do at I may_, Do that which I can.
+
+P. 90, l. 3065. This line is printed by Mr Stevenson,
+
+  “Curag can [   ] encresing in[N2] his hart”;
+
+but it is not clear that a word is wanting, for the metre is as complete
+as in many other lines; whilst, as regards the sense, “the knycht” is
+probably a nominative without a verb, and l. 3065 means, “Courage did
+increase in his heart.” Or the reader may, if he pleases, insert “fele.”
+Compare l. 3058.
+
+3066. _lap_, leaped.
+
+3079. Observe the omission of the word “neither” in this line.
+
+3080. _persit_, pierced.
+
+3086. _onan_, anon. A.S. _on-án_.
+
+    [Footnote N2: MS. has “to.”]
+
+P. 91, l. 3093. _In samyne will_, with like intent.
+
+3100. _bet axampil_, better example.
+
+3104. _bot_, unless; _me fall_, befall me.
+
+3108. _one vthir_, another.
+
+3120. _send_, sent.
+
+3121. _lewit one_, left one.
+
+3122. _but mercy_, without mercy.
+
+P. 92, l. 3134. _deliuer besynes_, clever readiness.
+
+3136. _aray_, livery.
+
+3140. _Ee_, eye.
+
+3146. _the morow new_, the early morning.
+
+3160. _deith_, dead.
+
+3162. _Suppos_, although.
+
+P. 93, l. 3178. _Nor_; we now use _but_.
+
+3184. _ward_; see Glossary. _tho_, then.
+
+P. 94, l. 3200. _relewit_, relieved.
+
+3201. _diuerss placis sere_; as _sere_ = _diuerss_, one of these words
+is redundant. So in l. 3266.
+
+3207. _ewil awysit_, ill advised.
+
+3217. “And if it so happen, that they be discomfited.”
+
+P. 95, l. 3240. _leuch_, laughed; _sarues_, service.
+
+3246. _al haill_, all whole.
+
+3248. _x thousand mo_, ten thousand, and more.
+
+3259. _abaid_, delay.
+
+3263. _aucht_, eight.
+
+3265. _petws for til her_, piteous to hear.
+
+P. 96, l. 3297. _dreuch_, drew.
+
+3299. _fellit_, fallen.
+
+3304. _levyng_, leave.
+
+P. 97, l. 3307. _sest_, ceased.
+
+3321. _askit at_, asked of.
+
+3331. _Wencussith_, vanquisheth.
+
+3340. _in to one_, continually; which is sometimes the sense of A.S.
+_on-án_.
+
+P. 98, l. 3353. _to fillyng_, to fulfil.
+
+3357. _soght_, came on; see Glossary.
+
+3359. _Ne war_, etc., “Had it not been that they were, individually, the
+better men.”
+
+3364. _ralef_, relieve.
+
+3368. _fellith_, feeleth.
+
+P. 99, l. 3384. _virslyng_, wrestling, _i.e._ entangled with; a strong
+expression!
+
+3385. _assalȝeing_, assail.
+
+3390. _rowmyth_, roometh, emptieth.
+
+3403. _departit_, parted.
+
+3404. _dout_, fear.
+
+P. 100, l. 3412. _left_, failed.
+
+3423. _The lord_, i.e. Galiot, as I suppose; Mr Stevenson has, “The
+Lord.”
+
+3430. _stere_, to stir, move, come.
+
+P. 101, l. 3450. _pretendit_, endeavour.
+
+3457. _occupye_, employ.
+
+3461. _For one hour_, etc., “On account of suffering distress for one
+hour.”
+
+3470. _the well less_, much less; see l. 1791.
+
+3471. _berd_, beard.
+
+3473. _o woyss_, one voice.
+
+3475. _eschef frome yhow_, not, _win_ from you; but, _withdraw_ himself
+from you. See Glossary.
+
+P. 102, l. 3481. _wend thai var no mo_, thought they were no more.
+
+3487. _And sich enconter_, and such encounter. These three words are
+written at the bottom of the page as a catchword. The rest of the MS. is
+wanting.
+
+
+
+
+GLOSSARIAL INDEX.
+
+
+[As many of the words occurring in “Lancelot” are well explained either
+in Jamieson’s Scottish Dictionary or in Roquefort’s “Glossaire de la
+langue Romane,” I have frequently referred to these works by means of
+the letters J. and R. Other abbreviations, as O.N. for Old Norse; Goth.
+for Mœso-Gothic; Su.-G. for Suio-Gothic, etc., will be readily
+understood. Ch. has also been used as an abbreviation for Chaucer. The
+various French, Danish, German, and other words referred to in the
+Glossary are merely added by way of illustration, to indicate in what
+direction a word may be most easily traced up. To ensure accuracy as far
+as possible, I have verified every foreign word by the aid of
+dictionaries, referring for Gothic words to my own Glossary, edited for
+the Philological Society; for Suio-Gothic words, to Ihre’s Glossarium;
+for Icelandic words, to Egilsson; and for Old French words, to Roquefort
+and Burguy. Whatever errors occur below may thus, I hope, be readily
+traced.]
+
+
+  { Abaid, Abyde, } delay, tarrying, 1882, 2147, 3069, 3308.
+    A.S. _abídan_, J.
+  { Abasit, Abasyt, Abaysit, } abashed, humbled, dispirited,
+      cast down, 378, 1452, 2664.
+    Abasit of, dispirited by, 3301.
+    R. _abaiser_.
+  Abasit of (used passively), were dispirited by, 2243.
+  Abraid, awoke, 1231;
+    (Ch.) A.S. _on-bredan_.
+  Abwsyt (abused), made an ill use of, 1207.
+  Access, a fever; or better, a fit of the ague; Lat. _accessus
+      febris_, (Wright’s Glossary), 31.
+  Accorde, to agree with, 1526.
+    Fr. _s’accorder_.
+  Accordith, is suitable for, becomes, 1679, 1951;
+      agree therewith, 605;
+      is useful for, is fit for, 1204.
+  According for, suitable for, 1512.
+    R. _accordant_.
+  Adred, terrified, 378, 2664.
+    A.S. _on-drǽdan_, to dread.
+  Affek, effect, 382.
+    Cf. _Fek_.
+  Afferd, afraid, 3472.
+    A.S. _afered_, _afǽran_.
+  Affere, warlike preparation, 985;
+      aspect, bearing, 3043, 3334, 3394.
+    See J., who makes it of Teutonic origin; but it may be no more than
+      the O.Fr. _afeire, afaire_ = state, condition; as explained by
+      Burguy.
+  Afferith, belongs to, suits, 1550.
+  Afferis, is suitable, 1690, 1961.
+    R. _aferer_.
+  Affrait, terrified, from the verb _Affray_ (Ch.), 2462, 3469.
+    R. _effraer_.
+  Affray, terror, fright, 636, 3454.
+    Fr. _effroi_.
+  Affy in till, trust to, rely upon, 499, 1394.
+    R. _affier_.
+  Afyre, on fire, 30, 251;
+      hence, used allegorically, in love, 2436.
+  { Agrewit, Aggrewit, } aggrieved, vexed, 1308, 1538;
+      angry, enraged, 2618.
+    R. _agrever_.
+  Ago, gone, 159.
+    A.S. _of-gán_.
+  Aire, are, 1732.
+  Algait, Algat, always, 1996, 1792.
+    Gothic _gatwô_, a street, way.
+  Al magre thine, in spite of thee, 115.
+    An expression compounded of A.S. _al_, wholly; _maugre_ (Fr. _mal
+    grè_), ill-will, and _thine_ (A.S. _thín_, the gen. case of _thú_,
+    thou).
+  Al-out, altogether, 1676, 1791, etc.
+  Alowit, approved, 1754.
+    Fr. _allouer_.
+  Als, (1) as; (2) also.
+  { Amen, Ameyne, } pleasant, 64, 999.
+    Lat. _amœnus_.
+  Anarmyt, fully armed, 545, 620, 2219, 2771.
+    See _Enarmyt_.
+  And, if, 1024, 1591;
+      and if (= an if), if, 2376.
+  Anerly, only, 1476, 1696.
+    A.S. _ǽn-líc_.
+  { Anoit, Anoyt, } annoyed, vexed, 351, 2244.
+  Anoyt, annoyeth, 1407.
+  Anterous, (for Aunterous, the shortened form of Aventurous),
+      adventurous, 2618.
+    Fr. _aventure_.
+  Aparalit, apparelled, 338.
+  Aperans, an appearance, a vision, 364.
+    _So also_ Apperans, 1284.
+  Apone, upon, 765, etc.
+  Appetit, desire, 2722.
+    Ch. has _appetite_ as a verb, to desire.
+  Aqwynt, acquainted, 1295.
+    Burns uses _acquent_.
+  Aras, to pluck out, 240.
+    Fr. _arracher_.
+  Araid, disordered, afflicted, 3270.
+    See _Araye_ in Halliwell. The examples there given shew that to
+      _araye_ sometimes actually signifies to _disorder_.
+  Arest, stop, delay, 678, 3072, 3308.
+    Fr. _arrêt_.
+  Arly, early, 4, 384, 975.
+    A.S. _árlíce_.
+  Artilȝery, implements of warfare, 2538.
+    See R. _artillerie_. Compare 1 Samuel, xx. 40.
+  Assay, (1) assault, trial, 11, 35, 112, 712;
+      attack, 537, 2662.
+    As a verb, to assault, attack, assail, 570, 1044.
+    Fr. _assaillir_.
+    (2) to essay, attempt, 2936;
+      to test, 478, 982.
+    Fr. _essaier_.
+  { Assaid, Assayt, } assaulted, 1224, 2641.
+  Assall, assault, attack, 842.
+    We should perhaps read “assaill,” as in l. 855.
+  Assalȝeing, assail (_3 pers. plural_), 3385.
+  Assemblay, an assembling of knights for a combat, a tournament, 267.
+  Assemble, a hostile meeting, combat, battle, 978, 3336.
+    See J.
+  Assemblyng, encountering, 2588.
+  Assemblyng on, attacking, 2956.
+  Assey, to test, 478.
+    _See_ Assay.
+  Astart, to start away from; hence to escape from, avoid, 228, 3296.
+    Ch. has _asterte_.
+  At, that, 1019, etc.
+    Compare Dan. _at_; O.N. _at_.
+  Atour, at over, i.e. across, 841, 849, 873;
+      in excess, in addition, besides, 1775.
+  Ather, either, 2629, 2819, 3264.
+    A.S. _ǽgther_.
+  Atte, at the, 627, 1055.
+  Aucht, eight, 3263.
+    Compare Ger. _acht_.
+  Auentur, adventure, 601.
+  Auer, ever, 273, etc.
+  Auerding to, belonging to (?), 345.
+    The sense seems to point to the A.S. _and-weardian_, to be present,
+    Goth. _and-wairths_, present.
+  Aventur, Auentoure, adventure, 80, 222.
+  Aw, owe, deserve; the present tense of the verb of which _ought_
+      is the past tense; 3447.
+    A.S. _áh_, _áhte_.
+  Awalk, awake, 1049.
+    Goth. _wakan_. The form _awalk_ occurs in Dunbar,
+      “_Awalk_, luvaris, out of your slomering.”
+        (The Thistle and the Rose.)
+  Awant, boast, 2136.
+      As a verb, 1588;
+      and as a reflective verb, 2196, 2386.
+    Fr. _se vanter_. Ch. has _avante_.
+  Awin, own, 89.
+    A.S. _ágen_.
+  Awodith, maketh to depart, 2474.
+    See _Avoid_ in Nares’ Glossary, edited by Halliwell and Wright.
+  { Awow, Awoue, } vow, 234, 242, 246.
+    Ch. has _avowe_.
+  Awys, consideration, advisement, 558.
+  Awyß the, advise thee, consider, 1913.
+  { Awyß, Awyſing, } to consider, 424, 429.
+    Fr. _s’aviser_.
+  Awysment, advisement, consideration, 360, 680.
+  Ay, ever, continually, 1135, 1486.
+    A.S. _á_.
+  Ayar (_written instead of_ Athar), either, 2712.
+  Ayre, are, 2011.
+  { Ayanis, 744, Aȝanis, 1164, 2283, } against.
+    A.S. _ongean_.
+  Aȝane, Aȝeine, again, 3253, 380.
+
+  Bachleris, bachelors; a name given to novices in arms or arts, 1689.
+    See _bacheler_ in R.
+  Banaris, banners, 770.
+  { Bartes, 2897. Bartiis, 3041. } _See_ Bertes.
+  Barnag, baronage, nobility, 2492.
+    See _barniez_ in R.
+  Batell, a battalion, division of an army, 784, 808, etc.
+  Be, by.
+    A.S. _be_.
+  Behest, promise, 2766.
+    A.S. _behæs_.
+  Behufis, behoves, 579.
+    A.S. _behófan_, often used impersonally.
+  { Behuß, Behwß, } it behoves, it is necessary (to do), 944, 2342;
+    apparently contracted from _behufis_.
+  Beleif, _in phr._ ore belief = beyond belief, 112.
+  Bent, a grassy plain (properly a coarse grass; in German, _binse_),
+      2670. J.
+  Bertes, a parapet, a tower, 1007, 1118, 2815.
+    R. _bretesche_, from Low Latin _brestachia_.
+  Betak til, to confer upon, 1724.
+    A.S. _be-tǽcan_, in the sense, to assign.
+  Betakyne, betoken, 2014.
+    A.S. _be-tǽcan_, in the sense, to shew.
+  Bewis, boughs, 338.
+    A.S. _boh_.
+  Billis, letters, 142.
+    Fr. _billet_.
+  Blindis, blindness (?), 1903.
+  Borde, to meet in a hostile manner, encounter, 809.
+    We find in R. _border_, to joust, fight with lances.
+    Compare Fr. _aborder_, and Spenser’s use of _bord_. See _horde_
+      in Burguy.
+  Bot, (1) but; (2) without. In general, _without_ is expressed by
+      _but_, and the conjunction by _bot_; but this distinction is
+      occasionally violated.
+  Bown, ready, prepared, 1036.
+    O.N. _búinn_, past part. of _búa_, to prepare. Su.-G. _boa_,
+      to prepare. J.
+  Bretis, fortifications, forts, 874; “properly wooden towers or
+      castles: _Bretachiæ_, castella lignea, quibus castra et oppida
+      muniebantur, Gallis _Bretesque_. Du Cange.” Jamieson.
+    See _Bertes_.
+  Bukis, books, 434, 1862.
+  Burdis, boards, i.e. tables, 2198.
+    A.S. _bórd_, which means--1. a plank; 2. a table, etc.
+  Bur, bore, 733, 778.
+  But, without; common in the phrase _but were_, without doubt.
+  But if, unless, except, 958.
+  { Byhecht, Byhicht, } promised, 1485, 2791.
+    A.S. _be-hǽtan_.
+  Byknow, notorious for, known to be guilty of, 1627.
+    Compare “I _know_ nothing _by_ myself” (1 Cor. iv. 4). Compare
+    also Dan. _bekiende_, to make known.
+  By, near at hand, 1535, 2916.
+
+  { Cag, Cage, } cage, prison, 997, 2770.
+  Can, an auxiliary verb, used nearly as we now use _did_.
+  Careldis, plural of Careld, a merry-making, revel (?), 1318.
+    “_Caraude_, réjouissance;” and “_Caroler_, danser, se divertir,
+      mener une vie joyeuse.” Roquefort.
+  Catifis, wretches, 2102.
+    R. _caitif, captif_. Compare Ital. _cattivo_.
+  Chalmer, chamber, 2281, 2308, 2427, 2808. J.
+  { Chare, Cher, } chariot, 4, 735.
+    R. _cher_.
+  Charge, load, 693.
+    Fr. _charge_; see _discharge_ in the line following (694),
+    meaning to shake off a load.
+  Chargit, gave attention to, 710, 2454.
+    Fr. _se charger de_.
+  Chen, chain, 2375.
+  Cher, car, chariot, 735. See _Chare_.
+  Chere, cheer, demeanour, 83, 341, 695;
+      sad demeanour, outward grief, 2718.
+    Fr. _chère_; compare Ital. _ciera_, the face, look.
+      “_Wepinge_ was hyr mosté _chere_.”
+        (Le Morte Arthur, l. 726.)
+  Cheß, choose, 1611, 1636, 2368.
+    A.S. _ceósan_; Ger. _kiesen_; Dutch _kiezen_.
+  Clariouns, clarions, 771, 789.
+  Clepe, to call, 90, 99.
+    A.S. _clepan_.
+  Clepit, callest, 93;
+      called, 781.
+  Clepith, is called, 1919.
+  Clergy, science, knowledge, 504, 511, 2041.
+    R. _clergie_.
+  Closine, closed, concluded, 316.
+  Closith, enclosed, shut up, 427.
+  Cold, called, 753, 1579.
+  Commandit, commended, 2802.
+  Comprochit, approached, 2472, 2509.
+  Conpilour, compiler, poet, 319.
+  Conquest, conquered, 574;
+    Fyrst-conquest, first conquered, 1545, etc.
+  Conseruyt, preserved, 332.
+  Conten (used as a reflective verb), to demean oneself valorously,
+      to maintain one’s ground, 823, 1107, 1130.
+    See R. “_contenement_, contenance, conduite, maintien, posture.”
+  Contenit hyme, behaved himself, 3219;
+    Contenit them, 2634.
+  Contenyt, endured, 3190.
+  Contretioun, contrition, 1415, 1426.
+  Contynans, demeanour, 1693, 1747.
+  Counter, encounter, attack, charge, 3239.
+  Couth, could, 793.
+    A.S. _cunnan_; past tense, _ic cúðe_.
+  Cowardy, cowardice, 1023, 3287.
+  Cownterit, encountered, 2609, 2621. J.
+  Crownel, coronal, corolla of a flower, 59. J.
+  { Cummyne, Comyne, } came, 807, 907.
+  { Cumyne, 650, 1136, Cumyng, 447, Cummyng, 2498, } come (past part.).
+  Cunyng, knowledge, 1455.
+  { Cusynace, 1270, Cusynece, 2802, Cusynes, 2287, Cwsynes, 1185, }
+      kinswoman.
+  Cwre, care, 98, 266, 643.
+    Lat. _cura_. (N.B. Though _Cwre_ = _cura_, yet _cura_ should be
+      distinguished from A.S. _cearu_.)
+
+  Danger, power to punish; “the power of a feudal lord over his
+      vassals,” (Wright), 444.
+    Also, power to injure, 3006.
+    See R. _dangier_.
+  Dans, (dance), in the phrase “wrechit dans,” evil mode of life, 1321.
+    See Chaucer’s use of _daunce_; and compare--
+      “I sai ȝow lely how thai lye
+      Dongen doun alle in a _daunce_.”
+    Lawrence Minot; quoted in Specimens of Early English, by
+    R. Morris; p. 194.
+  { Dede, 90, Ded, 3304, } death.
+      Dan. _död_. A.S. _deáð_. O.N. _dauði_.
+  Deden, deign, 949. J.
+  Dedenyt, deigned, 240.
+  Deid, died, 215.
+  Deith, dead (past part.), 3160.
+  Delitable, delightful, 1738.
+    R. _delitable_.
+  Deliuer, nimble, clever, 3134.
+  Deliuerly, (cleverly), nimbly, lightly, 3089, 3131.
+    R. _delivre_.
+  Demande, demur, 191, 397, 3052, 3354.
+    See R. “_demander_, contremander, changer, revoquer l’ordre donné.”
+  Depart, to part, 3421.
+    R. _departir_.
+  Departit, parted, 3403.
+  Depaynt, painted, 46, 1703.
+    Fr. _dépeint_. Ch. _depeint_.
+  Depend me, waste or consume (my powers), 214;
+    possibly miswritten for _despend_.
+    Cf. _Dispendit_.
+    Depend to, to concern, appertain to, 466.
+  Deren, to speak out, tell, 2376.
+    R. _derainier_.
+  Dereyne, a plea, 2313;
+    “haith o dereyne ydoo,” hath appealed to trial by combat.
+    R. _derainier_.
+  Des, daïs, high table, 2762.
+    R. _deis_; Lat. _discus_.
+  Deuit, availed, 18. See note.
+  { Devith, Dewith, } deafen, 92, 94.
+    “Su.-G. _deofwa_; Icel. _deyfa_,” J.
+    Compare Dan. _döve_. Burns has _deave_.
+  Dewod the, devoid thyself, 1022.
+  Deuoydit was = departed, 1031.
+    Compare _Awodith_.
+  Dewyß, to tell, narrate, 373.
+  Discharg, to put aside one’s liability, 163, 1665.
+  Diseß, lack of ease, misery, 707.
+  Disiont (Disioint?), disjointed, out of joint; hence uncertain,
+      hazardous, 2907.
+    “Disjoint, A difficult situation.” Halliwell.
+  Dispendit, spent, 1808.
+    R. _despendre_.
+  Dispens, expenditure, 1746.
+    Fr. _dépense_.
+  Dispolȝeith, despoileth, 1879.
+  Dispone, to dispose, provide; or, as a reflective verb, to be
+      disposed to do, to intend, 54, 446, 980, 1590, 2428, 2462.
+  Disponit, declines (?); but much more probably, intends; and we
+      must read “disponit not,” 2984.
+  Dout, fear, 2599, 3404, 3438;
+    (as a verb), to fear, 740, 1827.
+    Ch. _doute_. R. _doubtance_.
+  Drent, drowned, 1319.
+    A.S. _drencan_.
+  Dreß (as a reflective verb), to direct oneself, proceed, go, 1975,
+      2288, 2486.
+    Lat. _dirigere_.
+  Drywith, drives; “he drywith to the end,” i.e. concludes, 2470.
+  Duclar, declare, 3022.
+  Dulay, delay, 681, 788, 2925.
+
+  Effere, shew, pomp, 2360.
+    Compare _Affere_.
+  Efter, after, 217.
+    A.S. _efter_.
+  Eld, old age, 3225, 3242.
+    A.S. _yldo_. Gothic _alds_.
+  Elyk, Eliche, alike, 182, 2452.
+  Eme, uncle, 2572.
+    A.S. _eám_.
+  Empit, emptied, empty, 180.
+    A.S. _æmtian_.
+  Empleß, to please, 2455. J.
+  Empriß, worth, honour, 129, 269, 3458;
+    _cf._ Romans of Partenay, l. 2013.
+    Anxiety, oppression, 393.
+    R. _emprindre_.
+  Enarmyt, fully armed, 285, 751, 2499. J.
+  Endit, indited, 138;
+      indite, 206;
+      inditing, poem (?), 334.
+    If the meaning were, “this ends,” the form “endis” would be
+      required; besides which, the rime shews that the _i_ is long;
+      cf. ll. 138, 206.
+  Endlong, along, 2893.
+    A.S. _andlang_; Ger. _entlang_.
+  Entent, intention, will, meaning, thoughts, 448, 1451, 1499, 2938.
+    R. _entente_. Used by Chaucer.
+  Entermet, to intermeddle with, to have do with, 2914.
+    R. _entremetre_.
+  Enweronyt, environed, 53.
+  Erde, earth, 1072, 1540, 2601.
+    Compare Ger. _erde_.
+  Erdly, earthly, 498.
+  Erith, earth, 128.
+    A.S. _eorð_.
+  Eschef (1. eschew), to shun, withdraw himself, 3475.
+    R. _eschever_;
+    (2. achieve), to accomplish, 2212, 2513.
+    R. _eschavir_.
+    Eschef deith, to die, 2732.
+  Escheuit, achieved, 258.
+  Eschevit, is achieved, 2998.
+  { Eß, 174, Eeß, 706, } ease.
+  Essenȝeis (ensigns), warcries, 3349, J.
+    See also R. _enseigne_.
+  Euerilkon, every one, 1039, etc.
+  Exasy, extasy, 76. (Possibly miswritten.)
+  Exortith, beseecheth, 3026.
+  Extend, attain, 3281.
+
+  Failȝeis, fail, (3 pers. plu. indicative), 1151.
+  Fairhed (fairhood), beauty, 577.
+    In A.S. _fægernes_, but in Dan. _förhed_.
+  Fall, to happen, befall, 493, 2139.
+    A.S. _feallan_; Dan. _falde_.
+  Fallyng, fallen, 1217, 1322.
+  Falowschip, used as we now use company, 1105, 2687, etc.
+  Falȝeing, failing, 1499.
+  Falȝet, Falȝheit, failed, 1460, 1469, 1498, 1503.
+  Farhed, beauty, 2440.
+    See _Fairhed_.
+  Fayndit (feigned), dissembled, 2397.
+  Fays, foes, 3006.
+    A.S. _fáh_.
+  Fechtand, fighting, 2691, 3127, 3407.
+    Ger. _fechten_.
+  Fechteris, fighters, 686.
+  Feill, knowledge, skill, 2854. J.
+    A.S. _félian_.
+  Fek (effect), sum, amount, result, drift, 2938.
+    Fr. _effet_.
+  Fell, to feel, 820, 2131.
+  Fellith, feeleth, 3368.
+  Fell, many; als fell, as many, 768.
+    A.S. _féala_; Gothic _filu_.
+  Fell, horrible, 260.
+    A.S. _fell_, cruel, fierce.
+  Ferde, fourth, 815, 973, 2285.
+    Compare Dan. _fierde_.
+  Ferleit, wondered, 3117.
+    A.S. _fǽr-líc_, sudden, fearful. Burns has _ferlie_.
+  Fet, fetched, 433, 1154.
+    A.S. _feccan_, past tense, _ic feahte_.
+  Fongith, catcheth, seizeth, 1922.
+    A.S. _fangan_; Goth. _fahan_.
+  Forfare, to fare amiss, to perish, 1348.
+    A.S. _for-faran_.
+  Forlorn, lost, 3305.
+    A.S. _forloren_; cf. Goth. _fra-liusan_.
+  For-quhy; see _For-why_.
+  { For-thi, For-thy, } (there-fore), on that account, 332, 2261, 2731.
+    A.S. _forthý_; where _thý_ (Gothic _thê_) is the instrumental case
+      of _se_, that.
+  For-wrocht (for-wrought), over-worked, wearied out, 888.
+    A.S. _forwyrcan_.
+  { For-why, 798, 925, 2209, For-quhy, 2171, 2342, 2290, } for the
+      reason that, because that.
+  Found, to advance, go, 2612. J.
+    A.S. _fundian_, to try to find, go forward.
+  Franchis, generosity, 230.
+    R. _franchise_.
+  Fremmytneß, strangeness, alienation, 1508.
+    A.S. _fremdnes_.
+  Froit, enjoyment, 1644;
+      fruit, 2088, 2109.
+    R. _fruit_.
+  Frome, from the time that, 17, 1432.
+    Goth. _frums_, a beginning.
+  Fruschit, broken, dashed in pieces, 1201.
+    R. _frois_, broken; from the verb _froier_.
+  { Fundyne, 497, Fundyng, 465, } found (past part.).
+  Fyne, faithful, true, 519.
+    See R. “_fine_, fidéle;” and “_fine_, foi.”
+  Fyne, end, 1388, 2081.
+    Fr. _fin_.
+
+  Ganith, is suitable for, 991.
+    Icel. _gegna_. J. Compare Dan. _gavne_.
+  Ganyth, it; it profits; _used impersonally_, 121.
+    R. _gaagner_.
+  Gare, to cause, 910, 2416.
+    Dan. _giöre_; Icel. _göra_.
+  Gart, caused, 267, 2777.
+  Gentilleß, 917, 1847.
+    See _Gentrice_.
+  { Gentrice, 130, 2757, Gentriß, 2790. } courtesy, nobleness.
+    R. _gentilesse_.
+  Gere, gear, equipment, armour, 2777.
+    A.S. _gearwa_.
+  Gert, 384.
+    See _Gart_.
+  Giffis, give thou, (lit. give _ye_, the plural being used in
+      addressing the king), 463.
+    A.S. _gifan_.
+  Gifyne, given, 1752.
+  Gilt, offended, done wrong, 699, 3015.
+    A.S. _gyltan_.
+  Grewhundis, greyhounds, 533, 537.
+    “O.N. _grey_, _grey-hundr_, a bitch.” Wedgwood.
+  Gowerne the, conduct thyself, 1598.
+  Grawis, groves, 2481.
+    Ch. _greves_.
+  Gyrß, grass, 10.
+    A.S. _gærs_.
+  Gyß, guise, fashion, custom, 545.
+    Ch. _gise_.
+
+  Haade, had, 2150.
+  Habariowne, habergeon, 2889.
+    From _haubergeon_, the French form of Ger. _halsberge_.
+    See _Hawbrek_.
+  Habirioune, habergeon, 3380.
+  Haill, whole, 3246.
+    A.S. _hæl_.
+  Haknay, an ambling horse for a lady, 1730.
+    R. _hacquenée_.
+  Half; _in the phrase_ on arthuris _half_, i.e. on Arthur’s _side_,
+      883.
+    Compare use of Germ. _halb_.
+  Halk, a hawk, 1736, 2482.
+    A.S. _hafoc_.
+  { Hall, Hoil, Holl, Hail, } various spellings of Haill, whole.
+  Hals, neck, 1054.
+    A.S. _hals_. Goth. _hals_.
+  Hant, to exercise, practise, 2191.
+    Fr. _hanter_, lit. to frequent.
+  { Hardement, 801, 2669, Hardyment, 900, 3362, } hardihood, boldness.
+    R. _hardement_.
+  Harrold, herald, 1047.
+  Hate, hot, 2552.
+  Havith, hath, 1940;
+      have, 3404.
+  { Hawbrek, 1070, 1200, Hawbryk, 3112, } hauberk, neck-defence;
+    Ger. _hals-berge_, armour for the neck.
+  Hawnt, to use, 3418.
+    See _Hant_.
+  Hawntis, exercise, 2772.
+  He, high, 1969, 2552.
+    A.S. _háh_.
+  Hecht, hight, is called, 2140;
+      was called, 2290.
+  Hecht, to promise, 3101;
+      promised (_past part._), 1142.
+    A.S. _hátan_.
+  Hedis, heads, 538, 869.
+  { Hewy, 442, Heuy, 459, } heavy.
+    A.S. _hefig_.
+  { Hie, 550, Hye, 297, } high.
+    See _He_.
+  Hienes, highness, 126.
+  Ho, pause, stop, cessation, 2970.
+    According to J. radically the same with the verb _Houe_, or
+      _How_ (see _Houit_). The Dutch, however, use _hou_, hold! from
+      _houden_, to hold.
+  Holl, whole, 106, 745.
+  Hore, hair, 365.
+      “Holȝe were his yȝen and vnder campe hores.”
+    (Early English Alliterative Poems; _ed._ Morris. See Poem B.
+      l. 1695.) The meaning of the line quoted is, “Hollow were his
+      eyes, and under bent hairs.”
+  Hot, hight, was called, 754, 806;
+      is called, 1950.
+    A.S. _hátan_ (neuter).
+  Houit, delayed, tarried, halted, 996.
+    “W. _hofian, hofio_, to fluctuate, hover, suspend,” Morris.
+  Hovith, stays, halts, 2829.
+  Howit, halted, 2814, 2842.
+  Howyns, halts, tarries, 2821.
+    Probably miswritten for “howyng.”
+  Hufyng, halting, delaying, 1046.
+  Hundyre, a hundred, 756, 1554.
+
+  I, in, 332.
+    Dan. _i_; Icel. _í_.
+  Iclosit, y-closed; i.e. enclosed, shut in, 53.
+  If, to give, 554.
+    In lines 1718-1910 the word occurs repeatedly in several forms;
+      as _iffis_, _iffith_, giveth; _iffis_, give ye (put for give
+      thou); _ifyne_, given, etc.
+  Ifyne, to give, 3454.
+  Iftis, gifts, 1741.
+    In the line preceding we have _giftis_.
+  Ilk; the ilk (= thilk) that, 629, 1601.
+    Literally, the ilk = the same.
+    A.S. _ylc_. See 1367.
+  Ilk, each, 2211, etc.
+    A.S. _ælc_.
+  Illumynare, luminary, 3.
+  { Incontinent, Incontynent, } immediately, 253, 1215, 2647, 2834.
+    Still used in French.
+  In-to-contynent (= Incontinent), 3020.
+  In to, used for “in;” _passim_.
+  Iornaye, journey, 680.
+  Irk, to become slothful, grow weary, tire, 2709.
+    A.S. _eargian_.
+  Iuperty, combat, 2547.
+    Fr. _jeu parti_, a thing left undecided;
+    hence the meanings, 1. strife, conflict; 2. jeopardy, as in Ch.
+      See J.; and Tyrwhitt’s note to C. T. 16211.
+  { Iwond, 245, Iwondit, 226, } wounded.
+    We find in A.S. both _wúnd_ and _wúnded_.
+  I-wyß, certainly, of a surety, 1709, 1925, 1938.
+    A.S. _gewís_; Ger. _gewiss_. Often _wrongly_ interpreted to mean,
+      _I know_.
+    See _Wit_.
+
+  Kend, known, 548, 906.
+
+  Laif, the remainder (lit. what is _left_), 1802, 3472.
+    A.S. _láf_. Burns has “the _lave_.”
+  Lametable, lamentable, 3265.
+    The omission of the _n_ occurs again in l. 2718, where we have
+      _lemytable_.
+  Larges, liberality, 608, 1681, 1750.
+    Fr. _largesse_.
+  Larg, prodigal, profuse, 2434.
+  Lat, impediment, 958.
+    A.S. _lǽtan_, means (1) to suffer, (2) to hinder.
+  Lat, to let, permit (used as an auxiliary verb), 803.
+  Latith, preventeth, 1927.
+  Lawrare, a laurel, 82.
+    Ch. _laurer_.
+  Learis, liars, 493.
+  Led, put down, beat down, depressed, overpowered, 2663.
+    It is the past tense of A.S. _lecgan_, to lay, to cause to submit,
+      to kill.
+  Lef, to live, 564, 3230.
+  Leful, lawful, 1427.
+  Legis, lieges, subjects, 1957.
+    R. _lige_; Lat. _ligatus_.
+  Leich, leech, physician, 106.
+    A.S. _lǽce_; Dan. _læge_.
+    See 520, 2056.
+  Leif, to live, 952, 1392.
+    A.S. _lybban_; Goth. _liban_.
+  Leir, to learn, 1993.
+    Comp. D. _leeren_.
+  Lest, to list, to please, 555, 621.
+    A.S. _lystan_.
+  Lest, to last out against, sustain, 811.
+    A.S. _lǽstan_.
+  Lest, least, 1628.
+  Let, hindrance, 2495.
+  Leuch, laughed, 3240.
+    A.S. _hlihan_, past tense _ic hloh_.
+  Lewis, liveth, 1209.
+  Lewith, left, deserted, 1854.
+  Liging, 376.
+    The sense requires _lay_, i.e. the _3rd p. s. pt. t. indic._,
+      but properly the word is the present participle, _lying_.
+  Longith, belongeth, 738, 1921, 2429, 2778.
+    Compare Dan. _lange_, to reach.
+  Longith, belonged, 3242.
+  Longyne, belonging, 433.
+  Lorn, lost, 2092;
+      destroyed, 2740.
+    See _For-lorn_.
+  Loß, praise, 1777.
+    Lat. _laus_. Ch. has _losed_, praised.
+  { Low, Lowe, } (1) law, 1602, 1628, 1636, etc.
+    (2) love, 29, 1620.
+    It is sometimes hard to say which is meant.
+    Compare Dan. _lov_, law; A.S. _luf_, love.
+  Luges, tents, 874, 881, 2500, 2680.
+    Fr. _loge_, _logis_; Ger. _laube_, a bower, from _laub_, foliage;
+      Gothic _laúf_, a leaf.
+  Lugyne, a lodging, tent, 891.
+  Lyt, a little, 1233.
+    At lyte, in little, used as an expletive, 143.
+
+  Ma, short form of Make, 953.
+  Maad, made, 697.
+  Magre of, in spite of, 500, 960, 2679, 2702, 2711.
+    Sometimes “magre” is found without “of.”
+    Fr. _mal gré_.
+  { Matalent, Matelent, } displeasure, anger, 2169, 2660.
+    In both cases Mr Stevenson wrongly has _maltalent_. R. _maltalent,
+      mautalent_.
+  Mayne, 1026.
+    See _Men_.
+  Medyre, mediator (?), 1624.
+    I am not at all sure of this word, but we find in R. many strange
+      forms of “mediator,” such as _méener, méeisneres_, etc. In the
+      Supplement to the “Dictionnaire de l’Academie” we find
+      _mediaire_, qui occupe le milieu, from Low Lat. _mediarius_.
+    N.B. In the MS. the “d” is indistinct.
+    See _mediare_ in Ducange.
+  Meit, to dream, 363.
+    A.S. _mætan_.
+  Mekill, much, 876, 1236.
+    Mokil, 1265.
+  Melle, contest, battle, 2619.
+    Fr. _melée_, J.
+  Memoratyve, mindful, bearing in remembrance, 1430.
+    Fr. _mémoratif_.
+  Men, mean, way; “be ony men” = by any means, 2366;
+      so, too, “be ony mayne,” 1026.
+    Fr. _moyen_.
+  Men, to tell, declare, 510.
+    A.S. _mænan_.
+  Menye, a company, multitude (without special reference to number);
+      whence “a few menye,” a small company, 751.
+    Apparently from A.S. _menigu_; Ger. _menge_; but it may have
+      nothing to do with the modern word _many_, and is more probably
+      from the O.F. _maisnée_, a household.
+  Met, dreamt, 440.
+    See _Meit_.
+  Meyne, 41.
+    See _Men_.
+  Misgyit, misguided, 1663.
+    R. _guier_.
+  Mo, more, 3187, etc.
+    A.S. _má_.
+  Mon, man, 96.
+  Moneth, month, 569.
+    A.S. _mónáð_; Goth. _menoth_.
+  Morow, morning, 1, 30, 64, 341.
+    Goth. _maúrgins_.
+  Mot, must, 195.
+    A.S. _ic mót_.
+  Mys, a fault, 1888, 1937, 3230.
+    A.S. _mis_. Do o myß, to commit a fault, 1926.
+  Mysour, measure, 1830.
+  Myster, need, 1877, 2322.
+    Ch. _mistere_; R. _mester_; Lat. _ministerium_. Cf. Ital.
+      _mestiere_.
+
+  Nat, naught, 703.
+    Shortened from A.S. _ná wuht_, i.e. _no whit_.
+  Nece, nephew, 2200, 2245, 2720.
+    R. _niez_.
+  Nedlyngis, of necessity, 2337, J.
+    A.S. _neádinga_.
+  Nemmyt, considered, estimated, 649, 2852.
+    A.S. _nemnan_, to name, call.
+  Ner, near, 441.
+  Neulyngis, newly, again, 36, J.
+    A.S. _níwe-líce_ (?).
+  Newis, for Nevis, nieves, fists, 1222.
+    Icel. _hnefi_. Dan. _næve_. Burns has _nieve_; Shakspeare _neif_.
+  Noght, not, 1182.
+  Noiß, nose, 2714.
+    R. _néis_.
+  Nome, name, 226, 320, 1546, 3341.
+    Fr. _nomme_.
+  Nome, took, 591, 1048.
+    A.S. _niman_, past tense, _ic nám_.
+  Northest, north-east, 677.
+  Not (shortened from Ne wot), know not, 522, 3144.
+    A.S. _nát_, from _nitan_ = _ne witan_.
+  Not, naught, 720.
+    See _Nat_.
+  Noyith, annoyeth, 904.
+    Fr. _nuire_. Lat. _nocere_.
+  Noyt, annoyed, offended, 471.
+  { Nys, Nyce, } (nice), foolish, 127, 1946.
+    Fr. _niais_.
+
+  O, a, an, _passim_; one, a single, 2998, 3003, 3393, etc.
+  Obeisand, obedient, 641.
+  Obeß, obey, 2134.
+  Oblist, obliged, 969.
+  Occupye, to use, employ, 3457;
+      to dwell, 75.
+    Lat. _occupare_.
+  Of, with, 66.
+  Oft-syß, oft-times, 2304, 2594, 2789, 2885, 2929.
+    See _Syß_.
+  On, and, 519.
+    Possibly a mistake.
+  One, on, often used for In; One to = unto.
+  { Onan, Onone, Onon, } anon, 158, 1466, 2602, etc.
+    The form “onan,” l. 3086, suggests the derivation of _anon_; viz.
+      from A.S. _on-án_, in one; hence, forthwith, immediately.
+  Onys, once, at some time or other, 3013;
+      at onys, at once, 3187.
+  { Opin, 1286, Opine, 13, } open.
+  Or, ere, before, 77, 1887, 2545.
+    A.S. _ǽr_.
+  Ordand, to set in array, 784;
+      to prepare, procure, 1713.
+    R. _ordener_; Lat. _ordinare_.
+  Ordan, to provide, 2416, 2777.
+  Ordynat, ordained, 490.
+    See l. 507.
+  Orest (= Arest), to arrest, stop, 3186.
+  Orient, east, 5.
+  Oucht, it; it is the duty of (= Lat. _debet_), 2995.
+    Strictly, we should here have had “it owes” (_debet_), not “it
+      ought” (_debuit_).
+    See _Aw_.
+  Ourfret, over-adorned, decked out, 71, 2480.
+    A.S. _frætwian_, to trim, adorn.
+  Out-throng (= Lat. _expressit_), expressed, uttered, 65.
+    A.S. _út_, out, and _þringan_, to press.
+  Owtrag, outrage, 3454.
+    R. _outrage_; Ital. _oltraggio_, from Lat. _ultra_.
+    The MS. has _outray_, probably owing to confusion with _affray_
+      in the same line.
+    We find “owtrag” in l. 2578.
+  Oyß, to use, 1701, J.
+
+  Paid, pleased; ill paid, displeased, 908.
+    Low Lat. _pagare_, to pay, satisfy.
+  Palȝonis, pavilions, tents, 734;
+    _plural of_
+  Palȝoune, a pavilion, a tent, 1305.
+    R. gives _pavillon_, a tent; cf. Low Lat. _papilio_, a tent.
+  Pan, pain, 1273.
+  Pas hyme, to pace, go, 362.
+  Paß, to go, 1213.
+  Pasing, pacing, departing, 371;
+      surpassing, 303, 346, 689, etc.
+  Pens, to think of, 1431.
+    Fr. _penser_.
+  Planly, at once, 3319.
+    J. gives “Playn, out of hand, like Fr. _de plain_.” In the same
+      line “of” = off.
+  Plant, plaint, complaint, 137.
+    Fr. _plainte_.
+  Plesance, Plesans, pleasure, 941, 1939.
+  Plessith, pleases, 68.
+  Possede, to possess, 578.
+    Fr. _posseder_.
+  Poware, a power, a strong band of men, 2647. We now say _force_.
+  Powert, poverty, 1330, 1744.
+  Pref, to prove, 2229, 3476.
+  Prekand, pricking, spurring, 3089.
+    See the very first l. of Spenser’s _Faerie Queene_.
+  Prekyne, 2890, showy(?), gaudy(?).
+    J. gives “Preek, to be spruce; to crest; as ‘A bit _preekin_
+      bodie,’ one attached to dress; _to prick_, to dress oneself.”
+    Compare D. _prijcken_.
+  Pretend, to attempt, aspire to, 3282, 3465.
+    Fr. _prétendre_. So, too, in lines 559, 583.
+  Pretendit, endeavour, attempt, 3442.
+  Process, narration, 316.
+    Wright gives “Proces, a story or relation, a process.” The writer
+      is referring to his prologue or introduction.
+  Promyt, to promise, 965.
+  Proponit, proposed, 361, 445.
+  Pupil, people, 285.
+  Puple, people, 1367, 1498, 1520.
+  { Pur, 1648, Pure, 1697, Pwre, 1655, } poor.
+
+
+  Quh-. Words beginning thus begin in modern English with Wh. Thus,
+      Quhen = when, etc.
+  Quhilk (whilk), which, 184.
+    A.S. _hwylc_ = Lat. _qualis_ rather than _qui_.
+  Quhill, while, _used as a noun_, 1229, 1293.
+    A.S. _hwíl_, a period of time.
+  Quhill, until, 24, 198.
+    See _Whill_.
+  Quhy; the quhy = the why, the reason, 123, 1497.
+  Qwhelis, wheels, 736.
+    A.S. _hweol_.
+  Qwheyar, whether, 1187.
+  { Quhois, Qwhois, } whose, 171, 1297.
+
+  Rachis, hounds, 531.
+    Su-G. _racka_, a bitch, which from the v. _racka_, to race,
+      course. Perhaps connected with _brach_.
+  Radur, fear, 1489, J.
+    From Su-G. _rædd_, fearful; Dan. _ræd_.
+  { Raddour, 2133, Radour, 1835, 3465, } fear.
+  Raid, rode, 3070, 3260, etc.
+  Ralef, relieve, 3364.
+  Ramed, remedy, 117.
+    See _Remed_.
+  Randoune, in, 2542.
+    The corresponding line (l. 739) suggests that _in Randoune_ =
+      _al about_, i.e. in a circuit. But if we translate it by “in
+      haste,” or “in great force,” we keep nearer to the true
+      etymology. In Ogilvie’s Imperial Dictionary, _s.v._ Random,
+      we find the Nor. Fr. _randonnée_ explained to mean the “sweeping
+      circuit made by a wounded and frightened animal;” but the true
+      meaning of _randonnée_ is certainly _force, impetuosity_; see
+      R., Cotgrave, etc. In Danish, _rand_ is a surrounding edge or
+      margin; while in Dutch we find _rondom_ round about.
+  Raquer, require, 2409.
+  Raß, race, swift course, 3088.
+    A.S. _rǽs_. Compare Eng. _mill-race_, and D. _ras_.
+  Recidens, delay, 2359.
+    R. _residier_, to defer.
+  Recist, resist, 566, 660, 2578.
+  Recounterit, met (in a hostile manner), encountered, 2958.
+    Fr. _rencontrer_.
+  Record, witness, testimony; hence value, 388.
+    R. _record_.
+  Recorde, to speak of, mention;
+    hard recorde, heard say, 121, 595.
+  Recorde, speak out, 454, 481.
+    See R. _recorder_.
+  Recordith, is suitable, belongs, 606.
+  Recourse, to return, 1798.
+    Lat. _recurrere_.
+  Red, to advise, 1027, 1198.
+    A.S. _rǽdan_; Goth. _rêdan_.
+  Relewit (relieved), lifted up again, rescued, 2617.
+    Fr. _relever_. J.
+  { Remede, 89, Remed, 718, } remedy.
+  Remuf, remove, 655.
+  Report, to narrate, 266;
+      to explain, 294;
+      to state, 320.
+  Reprefe, reproof, defeat, 764.
+  Reput, he reputed, i.e. thought, considered, 743.
+  Resauit, received, 2796.
+  Resawit, received, kept, 2106.
+    We should have expected to find “reseruit.”
+  Resonite, resounded, 66.
+  Resydens, delay, 670.
+    See _Recidens_.
+  { Revare, 275, Rewar, 2893, Rewere, 2812, } river.
+  Reweyll, proud, haughty, 2853.
+    R. _revelé_, fier, hautain, orgueilleux. Compare Lat. _rebellare_.
+  Richwysneß, righteousness, 1406.
+    A.S. _rihtwísnes_.
+  { Rigne, 94, 1527, Ring, 1468, Ringe, 1325, } a kingdom.
+    Fr. _régne_. Ch. _regne_.
+  Rignis, kingdoms, 1858.
+  Rignis, Rignith, reigneth, 1825, 782.
+  Ringne, a kingdom, 1952.
+  Rout, a company, a band, 812, 2956, 3403.
+    Rowt, 2600.
+  Rowmyth, roometh, i.e. makes void, empties, 3390.
+    A.S. _rúmian_.
+  Rown, run; _past part._ 2488, 2820.
+  Rwn, run, 2545.
+  Rygnis, kingdoms, 1904.
+  Ryne, to run, 113. See 2952.
+  Ryng, to reign, 1409, 2130.
+
+  Sa, so, 3322, 3406.
+    Dan. _saa_.
+  Saade, said, 698.
+  Salust, saluted, 546, 919, 1553, 2749.
+    Ch. _salewe_.
+  Salosing, salutation, 1309.
+  Sar, sorely, 1660.
+  Sauch, saw, 817, 1219, 1225.
+    A.S. _ic seáh_, from _seón_.
+  Schawin, shewn, 2387.
+  Schent, disgraced, ruined, 1880.
+    A.S. _scendan_; Dan. _skiænde_.
+  Schrewit, accursed, 1945.
+  Scilla, the name of a bird, also called Ciris, 2483.
+    ----“plumis in avem mutata vocatur
+    Ciris, et a tonso est hoc nomen adepta capillo.”
+      --(Ovid, Met. viii. 150.)
+  Screwis, shrews, ill-natured persons, 1053.
+    More often used of males than females in old authors.
+  Sedulis, letters, 142.
+    R. _cedule_.
+  Sege, a seat, 2258.
+    Fr. _siége_.
+  Semble, a warlike assembly, hostile gathering, 988, 2206.
+  Semblit, assembled, 845.
+    G. _sammeln_; from Goth. _sama_, _samana_.
+  Semblyng, encountering, 2951.
+    See _Assemble_.
+  Sen, since, 709, 800, etc.
+      Sen at, since that. In Piers Plowman we find _syn_.
+  Septure, sceptre, 666.
+  Sere, several, various, 594, 731, 746.
+    “Su-G. _sær_, adv. denoting separation.” J. Cf. Lat. _se-_.
+  Sess, to cease, 14, etc.
+    Fr. _cesser_.
+  Set, although.
+  Sew, to follow up, seek, 2326.
+    R. _suir_; Fr. _suivre_.
+  Sew, to follow up, go, proceed, 3145.
+    Sewyt, 2614.
+  Shauyth, shewith, 412.
+  Sice, such, 2115.
+    Scotch, _sic_.
+  Snybbyth, snubs, checks, 3387.
+    Comp. D. _sneb_, a beak; _snebbig_, snappish.
+  Sobing, sobbing, moaning, 2658.
+  { Socht, Soght, } sought to go; and hence, made his (or their) way,
+      proceeded, went, 2619, 3179, 3357, 3428.
+  Sought one, advanced upon, attacked, 3149, 3311.
+  Sought to, made his way to, 3130.
+    A.S. _sécan_, past tense _ic sóhte_, to seek, approach, go towards.
+  Sor, sorrow, anxiety, 74.
+    A.S. _sorh_; Goth. _saúrga_.
+  Sort, lot, fate, 26.
+    Fr. _sort_.
+  Sound, to be consonant with, 149.
+    See Gloss. to Tyrwhitt’s Chaucer.
+    Lat. _sonare_.
+  Soundith, 1811. “So the puple soundith,” so the opinion of the
+    people tends.
+      “As fer as _souneth_ into honestee.”
+        (Chaucer: _Monkes Prologue_.)
+  Soundith, tend, 1943;
+      tends, 149.
+  Sown, sound, 1035.
+    Fr. _son_.
+  Sownis, sounds, 772, 3436.
+  Spent, fastened, clasped, 2809.
+    A.S. _spannan_, to clasp, join. Comp. Dan. _spænde_, to stretch,
+      span, buckle together.
+  { Spere, Spir, } sphere, 6, 170;
+  speris, spheres, circuits, 24.
+  Spere, to inquire, 1170.
+    A.S. _spirian_, to track. Cf. G. _spur_.
+  Sperithis, spear’s, 810.
+  Spill, to destroy, ruin, 1990.
+    A.S. _spillan_.
+  Spreit, spirit, 81, 364.
+  Stak, 226. J. gives “to the steeks, _completely_;” and this is the
+      sense here.
+    See Jamieson: s.v. “Steik.” Halliwell gives _stake_, to block up;
+      also _steck_, a stopping place (cf. Shakespeare’s
+      _sticking-place_, Macb. i. vii. l. 60). In the N. of France it
+      is said of one killed or severely wounded, _il a eu son
+      estoque_, he has had his belly-ful; from _estoquer_, to cram,
+      satiate, “stodge.”
+    Compare Ital. _stucco_, cloyed. It has also been suggested that
+      _to the stak_ may mean to the _stock_, i.e. up to the hilt,
+      very deeply.
+  Start, started up, leapt, 994, 1094.
+  Stede, stead, place, 218, 1124.
+    A.S. _stede_.
+  Steir, to stir, 817.
+    A.S. _stirian_.
+  Stekith, shuts, 1651.
+    Ger. _stecken_. Burns has _steek_.
+  Stek, shut, concluded, 316.
+  Stell, steel, 809.
+    Stell commonly means a stall, or fixed place; but the form
+      _stell_ for _steel_ occurs; e.g. “Brounstelle was heuy and
+      also kene.” _Arthur_, l. 97.
+  { Sterapis, 3056, Steropis, 3132, } stirrups.
+    A.S. _stí-rap_ or _stíge-ráp_, from _stígan_, to mount, and
+      _ráp_, rope.
+  Stere, ruler, arbiter, 1020;
+      control, guidance, 1974.
+  Stere, to rule, control, 1344, 2884,
+    A.S. _stýran_.
+  Stere, to stir, move, go, 3430.
+    See _Steir_.
+  Sterith, stirreth, 2829.
+  Sterf, to die, 1028.
+    A.S. _steorfan_.
+  Sterit, governed, 612.
+    A.S. _stýran_.
+  Stert, started, 377.
+  Stok, the stake to which a baited bear is chained, 3386.
+  Stour, conflict, 1108, 2607, 3124.
+    R. _estour_.
+  Straucht, stretched out, 3090.
+    A.S. _streccan_, past part. _gestreht_.
+  Strekith, stretcheth, i.e. exciteth to his full stride, 3082.
+  { Subiet, 1799, Subeitis, 1828, Subiettis, 1878, } subject;
+      subjects.
+  Sudandly, Sodandly, suddenly, 1009, 1876.
+  Suet, sweet, 331.
+  Suppris, (surprise), overwhelming power, 691, 860, 2651;
+      oppression, 1352.
+    Fr. _surprendre_, to catch unawares.
+  Supprisit, overwhelmed, 1237, 1282;
+      overpowered, 2705, 3208.
+    Supprisit ded, suddenly killed, 3125.
+  Surryȝenis, surgeons, 2726.
+  Suth, sooth, true, 110.
+    A.S. _sóð_.
+  Suthfastnes, truth, 1183.
+    A.S. _sóðfæstnes_.
+  Sutly, soothly, truly, 963.
+  Swelf, a gulf such as is in the centre of a whirlpool, a vortex,
+      1318, J.
+    A.S. _swelgan_, to swallow up.
+  Sweuen, a dream, 440.
+    A.S. _swefn_.
+  Swth, sooth, true, 2753.
+    See _Suth_.
+  { Syne, 2026, Synne, 2029, } sin.
+  Syne, afterwards, next. J. 45, 794, etc.
+  Syß, times, 3054.
+    A.S. _sið_.
+
+  { Tais, 1095, 3005, Taiis, 1141. } takes. Abbreviated, as “ma” is
+      from “make.”
+    See _Ma_.
+  Tane, taken, 264.
+  Ten, grief, vexation, 2646, 3237.
+    A.S. _teonan_, to vex.
+  Tennandis, tennants, vassals holding fiefs, 1729.
+    R. _tenancier_.
+  Than, then, 3111.
+  The, (1) they, (2) thee, (3) thy.
+  Thelke, that, 709.
+    See l. 629, where _the ilk_ occurs; and see _Ilk_.
+  Thir, these, those, 2734, 2745, 2911, 3110, etc.
+  Thithingis, tidings, 2279.
+    A.S. _tidan_, to happen.
+  Tho, then, 545, 2221;
+      them, 2368.
+  Thoore, there, 628. Thore, 1102.
+  Thrid, third, 370, 2347, 2401.
+    A.S. _þridda_.
+  Throng, closely pressed, crowded, 3366.
+    A.S. _þringan_.
+  Til, to; til have, to have, 706.
+  Tint, lost, 1384.
+    See _Tyne_.
+  Tithandis, tidings, 2310.
+  Tithingis, tidings, 902, 2336.
+  To, too, besides, 3045.
+  Togidder, together, 254.
+  To-kerwith, carves or cuts to pieces; al to-kerwith, cuts all to
+      pieces, 868.
+    A.S. _to-ceorfian_. The prefix _to-_ is intensive, and forms a
+      part of the verb. See Judges ix. 53: “All to-brake his skull;”
+      i.e. utterly brake; sometimes misprinted “all to break” (!).
+  Ton, taken, 1054, 1071.
+  Ton, one; the ton, the one, 1822.
+    The tone = A.S. _þæt áne_.
+  To-schent, disfigured, 1221.
+    The intensive form of the A.S. verb _scendan_, to shame, destroy.
+      In the same line we have _to-hurt_, and in the next line
+      _to-rent_, words modelled on the same form. We find, e.g.,
+      in Spenser, the forms _all to-rent_, _all to-brus’d_. (See the
+      note on the prefix _To-_ in the Glossary to William of Palerne.)
+  Tothir, the other, 2536.
+    The tothir = A.S. _þæt oþere_, where _þæt_ is the neuter gender
+      of the definite article. Burns has _the tither_.
+  Toyer (= tother), the other;
+    _y_ being written for the A.S. _þ_ (_th_), 2571, 2584.
+  Traist, to trust, to be confident, 390, 1129, 1149, J.
+    Trast, 1659.
+  Traisting of (trusting), reliance upon, or expectation of, 25, J.
+  { Translat, 508, Transulat, 2204, } to transfer, remove.
+  Tratory, treachery, 3224.
+    See R. _traïtor_.
+  Trety, treatise, 145.
+    Fr. _traité_.
+  Trewis, truce, 1568, 2488, 2545.
+  { Tronsione, 239, Trunscyoune, 2962, Trownsciown, 2890, }
+      a truncheon, a stump of a spear.
+    Fr. _tronçon_; from Lat. _truncus_.
+    In the last passage it means a sceptre, _bâton_.
+      “One hytte hym vpon the oldé wounde
+      Wyth A tronchon of an ore;” (oar.)
+      (Le Morte Arthur, l. 3071.)
+  Troucht, truth, 161.
+  { Tueching, 403, Tweching, 386, } touching.
+  Tyne, to lose, 1258, 1387.
+    Icel. _týna_.
+  Tynith, loseth, 1761.
+  Tynt, lost, 175, 1384, 1521.
+
+  Unwist, unknown, 1140.
+
+  Valis, falls; we should read “falis,” 2475.
+  Valkyne, to waken, 8.
+    See _Awalk_.
+  Vall, billow, wave, 1317.
+    Ger. _welle_, a wave; _quelle_, a spring; Icel. _vella_, to _well_
+      up, boil. Cf. also A.S. _wæl_; Du. _wiel_; Lancashire _weele_,
+      an eddy, whirlpool. So, too, in Burns:--
+    “Whyles owre a linn the burnie plays,
+      As thro’ the glen it wimpl’t;
+    Whyles round a rocky scaur it stays,
+      Whyles in a _wiel_ it dimpl’t.”
+  Varand, to warrant, protect, 3411.
+    R. _warandir_.
+  Varnit, warned, 622.
+  Vassolag, a deed of prowess.
+    Pasing vassolag, surpassing valour, 257.
+    R. has _vasselage_, courage, valour, valourous deeds, as
+      indicative of the fulfilment of the duties of a _vassal_.
+      We now speak of rendering _good service_.
+  Vassolage, valour, 2724.
+  Veir, were, 818.
+  Veris, wars, 305.
+    See _Were_.
+  Veryng, were, 2971.
+    A.S. _wǽron_.
+  Vicht, a wight, a person, 10, 55, 67.
+    A.S. _wiht_.
+  Virslyng, wrestling, struggling, 3384.
+    J. gives the forms _warsell, wersill_.
+  Visare, wiser, 607.
+  Viting, to know, 410.
+    A.S. _witan_.
+  Vncouth, lit. _unknown_; hence little known, rare, valuable, 1734.
+    A.S. _uncúð_.
+  Vodis, woods, 1000.
+  Vombe, womb, bowels, 375.
+    Goth. _wamba_.
+  Vondit, wounded, 700.
+  Vpwarpith, warped up, i.e. drawn up, 63.
+    See Note to this line. It occurs in Gawain Douglas’s prologue to
+      his translation of the 12th Book of the Æneid.
+    Du. _opwerpen_, from Goth. _waírpan_, to cast.
+  Vsyt, used, 1197, 1208.
+  Vyre, a cross-bow bolt, 1092.
+    R. _vire_; cf. Lat. _vertere_.
+
+  Wald, would, 419, 470, etc.
+  Walkin, to waken, wake, 1239.
+    See _Awalk_.
+  Wapnis, weapons, 241.
+    A.S. _wǽpen_, or _wǽpn_.
+  Ward, world, 3184.
+    Grose’s Provincial Dictionary gives _Ward_ = world; and the
+      omission of the _l_ is not uncommon; see _Genesis and Exodus_
+      (E.E.T.S.), ll. 32, 1315.
+  Wassolage, valour, 2708.
+    See _Vassolag_.
+  Wat, know, 512.
+  Wawasouris, vavasours, 1729.
+    A _Vavasour_ was a sub-vassal, holding a small fief dependent on
+      a larger fief; a sort of esquire.
+    R. _vavaseur_.
+  Weil, very. Weil long, a very long time, 79.
+    Comp. Ger. _viel_, J.
+  Wencussith, vanquisheth, 3331;
+      vanquished, 3337.
+  Wencust, vanquished, 2841.
+  Wend, (1) to go, 2191;
+    (2) weened, thought, 3481.
+  Wentail, ventaile, a part of the helmet which opened to admit air,
+      1056.
+    R. _ventaile_; from Lat. _ventus_.
+  Were, (1) war. Fr. _guerre_. R. _werre_, 308, etc.
+    (2) doubt, 84, etc. “But were,” without doubt. A.S. _wǽr_,
+      cautious, _wary_.
+    (3) worse, 1930. Burns has _waur_.
+  Wering, weary, 58.
+    A.S. _wérig_.
+  Werray, very, true, 1262, 2017.
+  Werroure, warrior, 248.
+  Weriour, warrior, 663.
+  Wers, worse, 515.
+  Weryng, were, 2493.
+  Wex, to be grieved, be vexed, 156.
+  Weyn, vain, 382, 524.
+  Weyne, _in phr._ but weyne, without doubt, 2880.
+    A.S. _wénan_, to ween, to suppose.
+  Whill, until, 1136, J. Formed from A.S. _hwíl_, a period of time.
+  Wice, advice, counsel, 1909.
+    Shortened from Awys.
+  Wichsaif, vouchsafe, 355, 1391.
+  Wichsauf, _id._ 2364.
+  Wicht, wight, person, 131.
+  Wicht, strong, nimble, 248.
+    “Su-G. _wig_” J. Sw. _vig_.
+  Wight, with, 918. Possibly miswritten.
+  Wist, knew, 225, 1047.
+    See _Wit_.
+  Wit, to know, 268.
+    A.S. _witan_; pres. _ic wát_, past tense, _ic wiste_.
+  Wit, knowledge, 2504.
+  With, by, 723.
+  Withschaif, vouchsafe, 1458.
+  With-thy, on this condition, 961.
+    See _For-thy_.
+  Wnkouth, little known, 146.
+    See _Vncouth_.
+  Wnwemmyt, undefiled, 2097.
+    A.S. _wam, wem_, a spot.
+  Wnwyst, unknown, secretly, 219, 269.
+  Wod (wood), mad, 3334, 3440.
+    A.S. _wód_. Goth. _wôds_.
+  Woid, mad, 2695. Perhaps we should read _woud_.
+  Wonde, wand, rod, or sceptre of justice, 1601, 1891. J.
+  Wonk, winked, 1058.
+  Wonne, to dwell, 2046.
+    A.S. _wunian_.
+  Worschip, honour, 1158, 1164.
+    A.S. _weorð-scipe_.
+  Wot, know, 192, etc.
+    See _Wit_.
+  Wox, voice, 13.
+    Lat. _vox_.
+  Woyß, voice, 3473.
+  Wrechitnes, misery, 2102;
+      miserliness, niggardliness, 1795, 1859.
+  Wy, reason; “to euery wy,” for every reason, on all accounts, 2356.
+    Compare _Quhy_.
+  Wycht, strong, nimble, 2592.
+    See _Wicht_.
+  Wynyth, getteth, acquireth, 1832.
+  Wyre, a cross-bow bolt, 3290.
+    See _Vyre_.
+  Wys, vice, 1795.
+    Wysis, 1540.
+
+  Y, written for “th.” Thus we find “oyer” for “other,” etc. The
+      error arose with scribes who did not understand either the
+      true form or force of the old symbol þ.
+  Yaf, gave, 387.
+  Yald, yield, 553;
+      yielded, 558.
+    A.S. _gildan_.
+  Yclepit, called, 414.
+  Yef, give, 563.
+  Yeif, give, 923.
+  Yer, year, 610.
+    Used instead of the plural “yeris,” as in l. 3243.
+  Yewyne, given, 1500.
+  Ygrave, buried, 1800.
+    Comp. Ger. _begraben_.
+  Yhere, ear, 1576.
+  Yher, year, 2064.
+    Used instead of “yheris,” 3243.
+  Yhis, yes, 1397.
+  Yis, yes, 514;
+      this, 160.
+  Ylys, isles, 2858, 2882.
+  Ymong, among, 821.
+  Yneuch, enough, 2135.
+    A.S. _genog_.
+  Yolde, yielded (to be), 951, 1088.
+  Ystatut, appointed, 2529.
+    Fr. _statuer_.
+  Ywyß, certainly, 1798, 1942.
+    See _Iwyß_.
+
+  Ȝeme, to take of, regard, have respect to, 665.
+    A.S. _géman_.
+  Ȝere, year, 342.
+  Ȝerys, years, 23, 1432.
+  Ȝewith, giveth, 1772.
+  Ȝha, yes, 2843.
+    Ger. _ja_.
+  Ȝhe, ye, 921.
+    Observe that, as in this line, _ye_ (A.S. _ge_) is the _nominative_,
+    and _you_ (A.S. _eów_) the _objective_ case.
+  Ȝhed, went, 1486.
+    Ch. has _yede_.
+    A.S. _ic eóde_, past tense of _gán_, to go.
+    Goth. _ik ïddja_, past tense of _gaggan_, to go.
+  Ȝher, year, 2064, 2274.
+  Ȝhing, young, 2868.
+  Ȝhis, yes, 1397.
+  Ȝhouth-hed, youth-hood, youth, 2772.
+  Ȝhud, went, 2696.
+    See _Ȝhed_.
+  Ȝis, yes, 3406.
+  Ȝolde, yielded, 291, 380, 951.
+    A.S. _ic geald_, past tense of _gyldan_, to pay, to yield.
+  Ȝude, went, 2944.
+    See _Ȝhed_.
+
+
+
+
+INDEX OF NAMES, ETC.
+
+
+  Albanak, 202, 1447.
+  Alexander, 1837.
+  Alphest, 57.
+  Amytans, 1304, 2446.
+  Angus, 2858.
+  April, 1.
+  Arachell, 434.
+  Aries, 336.
+  Arthur (_passim_).
+
+  Ban, 202, 1447.
+  Bible, the, 1483.
+  Brandellis, 3086.
+  Brandymagus, 2884, 3430.
+
+  Camelot, 275, 280, 357, 407.
+  Cardole, 2153.
+  Carlisle, 347.
+  Christ, 2046.
+  Clamedeus, 2881, 3259.
+
+  Dagenet, 278.
+  Daniel, 1365.
+  Danȝelome, 435.
+
+  Esquyris, 2591, 2609, etc.
+
+  First-conquest king, 1064, etc.; 2568, etc.
+
+  Gahers, 3087.
+  Galiot (_passim_).
+  Galys Gwyans, 2605, 2613, etc.
+  Galygantynis, 599.
+  Galloway, 2690.
+  Gawane (_passim_).
+  Gwynans or Gwyans. See _Galys_.
+  Gyonde or Gyande, 302, 551, 637.
+
+  Harwy, 2853, 3206, etc.
+  Herynes (_i.e._ Hermes), 436.
+  Hundred knights, king of, 1545, 1554.
+
+  Jhesu, 2046, 2096.
+
+  Kay, 254, 355, 3081, etc.
+
+  Lady of the Lake, 220, 223.
+  Lancelot (_passim_);
+    appears as the _red_ knight, 991, etc.;
+    as the _black_ knight, 2430, etc.
+  Logris, 2301.
+
+  Maleginis, 806.
+    See _Malenginys_.
+  Malenginys, 2873, 3151, 3155.
+    See also _Hundred knights, king of_.
+  May, 12.
+  Melyhalt, 283, 895.
+  Melyhalt, lady of (_passim_).
+  Moses, 436.
+
+  Nembrot (_i.e._ Nimrod), 435.
+  Nohalt, 255.
+
+  Phœbus, 24, 2472, 2486.
+  Priapus, 51.
+
+  Round Table, 795, 3213.
+
+  Saturn, 2474.
+  Scilla, 2483.
+  Solomon, 1378.
+  Sygramors, 3083.
+
+  Titan, 335.
+
+  Valydone, 3249.
+    See _Walydeyne_.
+  Vanore, 575.
+    See _Wanore_.
+  Virgin (Mary), 2049, 2087, etc.
+  Venus, 309.
+
+  Wales, 599, 2153.
+  Walydeyne, 2879.
+  Wanore, 230.
+  Wryne, 2867.
+
+  Ydrus, 2851, 3152.
+  Ywan, 2606, 2618, etc.
+  Ywons, 2861.
+
+
+JOHN CHILDS AND SON, PRINTERS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+           *       *       *       *
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Errors and Inconsistencies (noted by transcriber):
+
+_The word “invisible” means that there is an appropriately sized blank
+space, but the character itself is missing. In the two primary texts
+(French and Scottish), errors in editorial punctuation have been
+corrected, while other apparent errors are noted but not changed. For
+the French text, it was assumed that Skeat’s word “commas” includes
+“inverted commas” or quotation marks._
+
+_The form “reflective” (for “reflexive”) is used consistently._
+
+_In the primary text, the following unexpected forms are not
+individually noted:_
+
+  capital I at mid-sentence or mid-word
+  non-final round s; final long s
+  non-initial v; initial u
+  word-final ſß (apparent “sss”)
+
+
+_Preface_
+
+  fancy a Southern copyist making the blunder.”  [blunder.’]
+  between _thou_ and _ye_ (_William of Palerne_, Pref. p. xli)
+    [_printed “William of Palerne” in roman (plain) type_]
+
+
+_“Appendix”_ (French romance)
+
+  [Footnote A16: Lines 281-292.]  [_missing ._]
+  “Sire nous ne vous en scairions que dire.”  [_final . invisible_]
+  “Certes,” fait le maistre, “nous auons veu une chose
+    [_missing open quote before “nous”_]
+  | ne fleur qui parlast |”
+    [_printed as shown, with close quote after pipe_]
+  “quelle royne” fait il “Le fe{m}me au roy artus,” fait lescuyer.
+    [_missing . after “fait il”_]
+  “scauez vous bien qui la dame est que vous regardez?”
+    [_missing open quote_]
+  que nul dentreulz ne demeure a cheual  [_final . missing_]
+  “ne de la myenne non est il mye.”  [_final . invisible_]
+  “Non,” | fait gallehault.  [_comma after “Non” invisible_]
+  “Dame, ouy | ie vo{us} enuoyay peux pucelles.”
+    [_printed as shown: error for “deux”_]
+  fustes vous ce qui iettastes messire Gauain de prison?”
+    [_text unchanged: elsewhere “Gauuain”_]
+  [Sidenote: ... two rascals killed his horse, and Ywain gave him
+  another.]
+    [_text unchanged: elsewhere “Yvain”_]
+  “Et vous combatistes vous a luy”  [_no question mark_]
+  Dame, vous scauez que ie vous ayme sur toutes
+    [_printed as shown: error for “il vous ayme”?_]
+  Et ie dys, “a dieu! dame.” Et vous distes “a dieu! mon beau
+  doulx amy!”
+    [_printed as shown: inner and outer quotes both use double
+    quotation marks_]
+
+
+_Notes to “Appendix”_
+
+  P. xxiv. ... _brouyr_ (_brûler_), being burnt.
+      [_printed “brûler” in roman (plain) type_]
+
+
+_Lancelot_
+
+  197  Quhare that I my{hc}t ſu{m} wnkouth mat{er} fynde,
+    [_text unchanged: error for “my{ch}t”?_]
+  297  Nor thing I not of his hye renōwn
+    [_text unchanged: error for “think”?_]
+  648  The neid is myne, I fall It not delay;
+    [_text unchanged: error for “sall” (i.e. shall)?_]
+  1360  Thar ned, and kep them to ry{ch}twyneß;
+    [_text unchanged: error for “ry{ch}twyſneß”?_]
+  1433  And as his maiſter hyme commandit hade,
+    [_final “e” conjectural_]
+  1641  And punyß for, for o thing ſhal yow know
+    [_text unchanged: error for “ſor, for”?_]
+  2016  [Fol. 25b.]  [_final . invisible_]
+  2146-47  His leve, one to to his cuntre for to goñe;
+  And al the oſt makith none abyde,
+    [_text unchanged: error for “one to his”? (As printed, does not
+    fit metre; another edition has “one to his”.)
+    Missing syllable in second line?_]
+  2308  Eft fupir one to o chalm{er} ar thei went,
+    [_text unchanged: error for “ſupir”?_]
+  [Footnote T60: ... “lorne,” as in line 2092.]  [_final . missing_]
+  [Sidenote: Then Galys Gwynans, brother of Ywan,]
+  2605  Than galys gwynans, w{i}t{h} o manly hart,
+    [_sidenote text has “Than” as in body text; both have “Gwynans”
+    instead of the usual “Gwyans”_]
+  3104  Bot deth or vthir adwentur me fall.”
+    [_close quote missing_]
+  [3380]  [Sidenote: ... resist his sword.]  [_final . missing_]
+
+_Notes_
+
+  [Introductory paragraph]
+  _vthir_ means _uthir_, i.e., _other_  [i.e,]
+  P. 25, l. 820. ... “His enemies began his mortall strokes to feel.”
+    [_spelling unchanged_]
+  P. 33, l. 1109. _Galyot_ put for _Galiotes_
+    [_illegible “t” in “Galyot” restored from body text_]
+  P. 71 ... 2436. _ellis-quhat_
+    [_text unchanged; body text has two words “ellis quhat”_];
+  P. 84 ... 2884. _to led and stere_, to lead and direct.
+    [_comma missing or invisible_]
+  P. 90, l. 3065. ... “encresing in[N2] his hart”;
+    [_original footnote tag has 1 for 2_]
+
+_Glossary_
+
+  Borde ... See _horde_ in Burguy.
+  Bretis ... Gallis _Bretesque_. Du Cange
+    [_printed as shown, but cited text has “Bretesques”_]
+  Dispolȝeith, despoileth, 1879.  [_final . missing_]
+  Haill, whole, 3246.
+    [_text reads “Heill”, but correctly alphabetized as “Haill”_]
+  Ma, short form of Make, 953.  [Ma;]
+  Resydens, delay, 670.  [delay 670.]
+  { Subiet, 1799, Subeitis, 1828, Subiettis, 1878, } subject;
+  subjects.
+    [_printed as shown, but l. 1828 has “subectis” or (footnote)
+    “subett{is}”_]
+  Valkyne, to waken, 8. / See _Awalk_.  [_final . missing_]
+  Ȝhed, went, 1486. ... Goth. _ik ïddja_  [_text unchanged_]
+
+
+_Index of Names_
+
+  Aries, 336.  [_“e” invisible_]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's Lancelot of the Laik, by Walter William Skeat
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Lancelot of the Laik, by Walter William Skeat
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Lancelot of the Laik
+       A Scottish Metrical Romance
+
+Editor: Walter William Skeat
+
+Release Date: July 25, 2011 [EBook #36848]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LANCELOT OF THE LAIK ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Louise Hope, Robert Cicconetti and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Transcriber's Note:
+
+This text is intended for users whose text readers cannot use the "real"
+(Unicode/UTF-8) version of the file. Characters that could not be fully
+displayed have been "unpacked" and shown in brackets:
+
+  [s]       (long "s")
+  [Gh] [gh] (yogh)
+  [-m]      (m with over-line; the equivalent "n" form is shown as
+              � with tilde for better font support)
+  [��]      (� with accent, only in the Glossary)
+
+There are also a few letters with macron ("long" mark), shown as [-a],
+[-e] and similar.
+
+Unlike most EETS productions, this book was printed with long "s", here
+shown as [s]. The editor's Introduction says:
+
+  We find, in the MS., both the long and the twisted _s_ ([s] and s).
+  These have been noted down as they occur, though I do not observe
+  any law for their use. The letter "�" has been adopted as closely
+  resembling a symbol in the MS., which apparently has the force of
+  double _s_, and is not unlike the "_sz_" used in modern German
+  hand-writing.
+
+An italic form of � (thorn) was apparently not available to the printer.
+In the modern parts of this e-text, the letter has been italicized when
+context seems to warrant it. In the poem, all italics--representing
+expanded contractions or abbreviations--are shown with {braces} as
+"se{n}t" or "{and}". Other italics are shown conventionally with
+_lines_. To reduce visual clutter, italics in folio numbers ("1�_b_")
+are unmarked. The change in labeling from "21, 21b" to "22a, 22b"
+appears to be accidental.
+
+Large initial letters in the primary texts are marked with leading
+double ++ as "++Messire", "++Maist{er}". The random variation between
+capital and lower-case letters after an initial is as in the original.
+Superscripts are shown with ^ alone. Unless otherwise noted, the
+superscripting continues to the end of the word.
+
+In the Glossary, [gh] (yogh) is alphabetized as z.
+
+In the printed book, some line numbers were moved or omitted for reasons
+of space; they have been silently regularized. Sidenotes giving folio
+numbers are shown as printed. Other sidenotes have been moved to the
+nearest convenient sentence break or major punctuation. Where practical,
+footnotes are grouped together, preferably before headnotes, stanza
+breaks (random) or decorative capitals. Headnotes have been moved to
+agree with the text, and will generally not coincide with printed page
+breaks.
+
+Except for footnotes and similar, and the letterforms listed above, all
+brackets [] are in the original. Bracketed [s] (long "s") or [gh] (yogh)
+do not occur. Conversely, except for the indented stanzas at ll.
+699-719, all blank lines within the poem were added by the transcriber.]
+
+
+
+
+  The Romans
+  of
+  Lancelot of the Laik.
+
+
+
+
+  Dublin:       William Mcgee, 18, Nassau Street.
+  Edinburgh:    T. G. Stevenson, 22, South Frederick Street.
+  Glasgow:      Ogle & Co., 1, Royal Exchange Square.
+  Berlin:       Asher & Co., Unter Den Linden, 11.
+  Boston, U.S.: Dutton & Co.
+  New York:     C. Scribner & Co.; Leypoldt & Holt.
+  Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co.
+
+
+
+
+  LANCELOT OF THE LAIK:
+
+  A Scottish Metrical Romance,
+  (About 1490-1500 A.D.)
+
+  re-edited
+  From a Manuscript in the Cambridge University Library,
+
+  with an
+  Introduction, Notes, and Glossarial Index,
+
+  by
+  THE REV. W. W. SKEAT, M.A.,
+
+  Late Fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge;
+  and Translator of the Songs and Ballads of Uhland.
+
+
+  [Second and Revised Edition, 1870.]
+
+
+  LONDON:
+  Published for the Early English Text Society,
+  By N. Tr�bner & Co., 60, Paternoster Row.
+  MDCCCLXV.
+
+
+
+
+  6
+  John Childs and Son, Printers.
+
+
+
+
+PREFACE.
+
+
+I.--DESCRIPTION OF THE MS., ETC.
+
+A former edition of the present poem was printed for the Maitland Club,
+in 1839, and edited by Joseph Stevenson, Esq. It has saved me all
+trouble of transcription, but by no means, I�am sorry to say, that of
+correction. Those who possess the older edition will readily perceive
+that it differs from the present one very frequently indeed, and that
+the variations are often such as considerably to affect the sense. Many
+of the errors in it (such as _casualtyee_ for _casualytee_, _grone_, for
+_gone_, _reprent_ for _repent_) are clearly typographical, but there are
+others which would incline me to believe that the transcription was too
+hastily executed; several passages being quite meaningless. Near the
+conclusion of Mr Stevenson's preface we read: "The pieces which have
+been selected for the present volume[P1] are printed with such errors of
+transcription as have crept into them by the carelessness of the
+scribe;" a�statement which certainly implies that there was no intention
+on his part of departing from the original. Yet that he sometimes
+unconsciously did so to such an extent as considerably to alter (or
+destroy) the sense, the reader may readily judge from a few examples:--
+
+    [Footnote P1: The volume contains other poems besides "Sir
+    Lancelot."]
+
+  LINE.   EDITION OF 1839.      TRUE READING OF THE MS.
+
+  26.     fatil (_fatal_),      fatit (_fated_).
+  285.    unarmyt (_unarmed_),  enarmyt (_fully armed_).
+  682.    can here,             cam nere.
+  700.    rendit (_rent_),      vondit (_wounded_).
+  764.    refuse (_refusal?_),  reprefe (_defeat_).
+  861.    felith (_feeleth_),   [s]etith (_setteth_).
+  1054.   vyt,                  ry{ch}t.
+  1084.   speiris,              spuris.
+  1455.   cumyng (_coming_),    cunyng (_skill_).
+  1621.   he war,               be war (_beware_).
+  1641.   promy�,               puny� (_punish_).
+  2010.   ane desyne,           medysyne.
+  2092.   born,                 lorn (_lost_).
+  2114.   havin,                harm.
+  2142.   Hymene (!),           hyme (_him_).
+  2219.   such,                 furth (_forth_).
+  2245.   al so y-vroght,       al foly vroght.
+  2279.   chichingis (!),       thithingis (_tidings_).
+  2446.   love,                 lore (_teaching_). Etc.
+
+Several omissions also occur, as, _e.g._, of the word "off" in l.�7, of
+the word "tressore" in l.�1715, and of four whole lines at a time in two
+instances; viz., lines 1191-4, and 2877-80. It will be found, in fact,
+that the former text can seldom be safely quoted for the purposes of
+philology; and I cannot but think Mr Stevenson's claim of being accurate
+to be especially unfortunate; and the more so, because the genuine text
+is much simpler and more intelligible than the one which he has given.
+
+The original MS. is to be found in the Cambridge University Library,
+marked Kk. 1.�5. It formerly formed part of a thick volume, labelled
+"Tracts;" but these are now being separated, for greater convenience,
+into several volumes. The MS. of "Lancelot" has little to do with any of
+the rest as regards its subject, but several other pieces are in the
+same hand-writing; and, at the end of one of them, an abstract of
+Solomon's proverbs, occur the words, "Expliciunt Dicta Salamonis, per
+manum V. de�F."[P2] This hand-writing, though close, is very regular,
+and my own impression certainly is that the scribe has almost always
+succeeded in preserving the sense of the poem, though there is much
+confusion in the dialectal forms, as will be shewn presently.
+
+    [Footnote P2: See Mr Lumby's editions of "Early Scottish Verse"
+    and "Ratis Raving," both edited for the E.E.T.S. from this MS.
+    Only the latter of these is in the hand-writing of V. de�F.]
+
+The present text is as close a fac-simile of the MS. as can be
+represented by printed letters, every peculiarity being preserved as far
+as practicable, even including the use of _y_ for _�_ (or _th_); so that
+the reader must remember that _yow_ in l.�94 stands for _thow_, and
+_yis_ in l.�160 for _this_, and so on; but this ought not to cause much
+difficulty. The sole points of difference are the following:
+
+1. In the MS. the headings "Prologue," "Book I." etc., do not occur.
+
+2. The lines do not always begin (in the MS.) with a capital letter.
+
+3. The letters _italicized_ are (in the MS.) represented by signs of
+contraction. One source of difficulty is the flourish over a word, used
+_sometimes_ as a contraction for _m_ or _n_. I�have expanded this
+flourish as an _m_ or _n_ wherever such letter is manifestly required;
+but it also occurs where it is best to attach to it no value. In such
+instances, the flourish occurs most frequently over the last word in a
+line, and (except very rarely) only over words which have an _m_ or _n_
+in them. It would thus seem that their presence is due to the fact of
+the scribe wanting employment for his pen after the line had been
+written, and that the flourish therefore appears over certain words, not
+so much because the _n_ is _wanting_ in them, as because it is _there
+already_. Such words have a special attraction for the wandering pen.
+Still, in order that the reader may know wherever such flourishes occur,
+they have all been noted down; thus, in l.�46, the stroke over the _n_
+in "gre�" means that a long flourish occurs drawn over the whole word,
+and the reader who wishes to expand this word into "gren{e}" or
+"gren{n}" may easily do it for himself, though he should observe that
+the most usual form of the word is simply "gren," as in lines 1000,
+1305.
+
+In a few nouns ending in _-l_, the plural is indicated by a stroke drawn
+through the doubled letter; as in _perillis_, _sadillis_, etc.; and even
+the word _ellis_ (else) is thus abbreviated.
+
+4. I am responsible for all hyphens, and letters and words between
+square brackets; thus, "with-outen" is in the MS. "with outen;" and
+"knych[t]ly" is written "knychly." Whenever a line begins with a capital
+letter included between two brackets, the original has a blank space
+left, evidently intended for an illuminated letter. Wherever illuminated
+letters actually occur in the MS., they are denoted in this edition by
+large capitals.
+
+5. We find, in the MS., both the long and the twisted _s_ ([s] and s).
+These have been noted down as they occur, though I do not observe any
+law for their use. The letter "�" has been adopted as closely resembling
+a symbol in the MS., which apparently has the force of double _s_, and
+is not unlike the "_sz_" used in modern German hand-writing. It may be
+conveniently denoted by _ss_ when the type "�" is not to be had, and is
+sometimes so represented in the "Notes."
+
+6. The MS. is, of course, not punctuated. The punctuation in the present
+edition is mostly new; and many passages, which in the former edition
+were meaningless, have thus been rendered easily intelligible. I�am also
+responsible for the headings of the pages, the abstract at the sides of
+them, the numbering of the folios in the margin, the notes, and the
+glossary; which I hope may be found useful. The greatest care has been
+taken to make the text accurate, the proof-sheets having been compared
+with the MS. _three times_ throughout.[P3]
+
+    [Footnote P3: This refers to the edition printed in 1865. In
+    executing the present reprint, the proof-sheets have been once
+    more compared with the MS., and a very few insignificant errors
+    have been thus detected and rectified.]
+
+
+II.--DESCRIPTION OF THE POEM.
+
+The poem itself is a loose paraphrase of not quite fourteen folios of
+the first of the three volumes of the French Romance of Lancelot du Lac,
+if we refer to it as reprinted at Paris in 1513, in three volumes, thin
+folio, double-columned.[P4] The English poet has set aside the French
+Prologue, and written a new one of his own, and has afterwards
+translated and amplified that portion of the Romance which narrates the
+invasion of Arthur's territory by "le roy de oultre les marches, nomme
+galehault" (in the English _Galiot_), and the defeat of the said king by
+Arthur and his allies.
+
+    [Footnote P4: "As to the Romance of Sir Lancelot, our author
+    [Gower], among others on the subject, refers to a volume of which
+    he was the hero; perhaps that of Robert de Borron, altered soon
+    afterwards by Godefroy de Leigny, under the title of _Le Roman de
+    la Charrette_, and printed, with additions, at Paris by Antony
+    Verard, in the year 1494.
+
+  For if thou wilt the bokes rede
+  Of Launcelot and other mo,
+  Then might thou seen how it was tho
+  Of armes," etc. (GOWER: _Confessio Amantis_, Book iv.)
+
+_Quoted from_ Warton's English Poetry, vol. ii., p. 234, _ed._ 1840.
+I�quote this as bearing somewhat on the subject, though it should be
+observed that _Le Roman de la Charrette_ is not the same with _Lancelot
+du Lac_, but only a romance of the same class. Chaucer also refers to
+Lancelot in his Nonnes Prestes Tale, l.�392; and it is mentioned in the
+famous lines of Dante (_Inf._ v. 127)--
+
+  "Noi leggevamo un giorno per diletto
+  Di Lancilotto, come amor lo strinse," &c.]
+
+The Prologue (lines 1-334) tells how the author undertook to write a
+romance to please his lady-love; and how, after deciding to take as his
+subject the story of Lancelot as told in the French Romance, yet finding
+himself unequal to a close translation of the whole of it, he determined
+to give a paraphrase of a portion of it only. After giving us a brief
+summary of the earlier part by the simple process of telling us what he
+will _not_ relate, he proposes to begin the story at the point where
+Lancelot has been made prisoner by the lady of Melyhalt, and to take as
+his subject the wars between Arthur and Galiot, and the distinction
+which Lancelot won in them; and afterwards to tell how Lancelot made
+peace between these two kings, and was consequently rewarded by Venus,
+who
+
+  "makith hyme his ladice grace to have" (l. 311).
+
+The latter part of the poem, it may be observed, has not come down to
+us. The author then concludes his Prologue by beseeching to have the
+support of a very celebrated poet, whose name he will not mention, but
+will only say that
+
+  "Ye fresch enditing of his laiting toung
+  Out throuch yis world so wid is yroung," etc.[P5] (l. 328.)
+
+    [Footnote P5: He does not necessarily imply that the poet invoked
+    was still alive; and we might almost suppose Petrarch to be meant,
+    who was more proud of his Latin poem called "Africa" than of his
+    odes and sonnets. See Hallam's Literary History (4�vols.), vol.
+    i., p.�85. But this is pure conjecture.]
+
+The first Book introduces us to King Arthur at Carlisle.[P6] The king is
+visited by dreams, which he imagines to forebode misfortune; he
+therefore convokes all his clerks, and inquires of them the meaning of
+the dreams, proposing to hang them in the event of their refusal. Thus
+strongly urged, they tell him that those on whom he most relies will
+fail him at his need; and when he further inquires if this evil fate can
+be averted, they answer him very obscurely that it can only be remedied
+by help of the water-lion, the leech, and the flower; a�reply which the
+king evidently regards as unsatisfactory. Soon after an aged knight,
+fully armed, enters the palace, with a message from King Galiot,
+requiring him to give "tribute and rent." Arthur at once refuses,
+somewhat to the astonishment of the knight, who is amazed at his
+hardihood. Next arrives a message from the lady of Melyhalt, informing
+Arthur of the actual presence of Galiot's army. We are then momentarily
+introduced to Lancelot, who is pining miserably in the lady's custody.
+Next follows a description of Galiot's army, at sight of the approach of
+which King Arthur and his "niece," Sir Gawain, confer as to the best
+means of resistance. In the ensuing battle Sir Gawain greatly
+distinguishes himself, but is at last severely wounded. Sir Lancelot,
+coming to hear of Sir Gawain's deeds, craves leave of the lady to be
+allowed to take part in the next conflict, who grants him his boon on
+condition that he promise to return to his prison. She then provides for
+him a red courser, and a complete suit of red armour, in which guise he
+appears at the second battle, and is the "head and comfort of the
+field;" the queen and Sir Gawain beholding his exploits from a tower.
+The result of the battle convinces Galiot that Arthur is not strong
+enough at present to resist him sufficiently, and that he thus runs the
+risk of a too easy, and therefore dishonourable, conquest; for which
+excellent reason he grants Arthur a twelvemonth's truce, with a promise
+to return again in increased force at the expiration of that period. Sir
+Lancelot returns to Melyhalt according to promise, and the lady is well
+pleased at hearing the reports of his famous deeds, and visits him when
+asleep, out of curiosity to observe his appearance after the fight.
+
+    [Footnote P6: But the French has "Cardueil." See l. 2153.]
+
+In the Second Book the story makes but little progress, nearly the whole
+of it being occupied by a long lecture or sermon delivered to Arthur by
+a "master," named Amytans, on the duties of a king; the chief one being
+that a king should give presents to everybody--a duty which is insisted
+on with laborious tediousness. Lines 1320-2130 are almost entirely
+occupied with this subject, and will be found to be the driest part of
+the whole narrative. In the course of his lecture, Amytans explains at
+great length the obscure prophecy mentioned above, shewing that by the
+water-lion is meant God the Father, by the leech God the Son, and by the
+flower the Virgin Mary. Though the outline of a similar lecture exists
+in the old French text, there would seem to be a special reason for the
+length to which it is here expanded. Some lines certainly seem to hint
+at events passing in Scotland at the time when the poem was composed.
+Thus, "kings may be excused when of tender age" (l.�1658); but when they
+come to years of discretion should punish those that have wrested the
+law. Again we find (l.�1920) strong warnings against flatterers,
+concluding (l.�1940) with the expression,
+
+  "Wo to the realme that havith sich o chans!"
+
+Such hints may remind us of the long minorities of James II. and James
+III.; and, whilst speaking on this subject, I�may note a somewhat
+remarkable coincidence. When King Arthur, as related in Book I., asks
+the meaning of his dream, he is told that it signifies that "they in
+whom he most trusts will fail him" (l.�499); and he afterwards laments
+(l.�1151) how his "men fail him at need." Now when we read that a story
+is current of a prophetess having told James III. that he was destined
+to "fall by the hands of his own kindred,"[P7] and that that monarch was
+in the habit of consulting _astrologers_[P8] (compare l.�432) as to the
+dangers that threatened him, it seems quite possible that the poem was
+really composed about the year 1478; and this supposition is consistent
+with the fact that the hand-writing of the present MS. copy belongs to
+the very end of the fifteenth century.
+
+    [Footnote P7: Tytler's History of Scotland (Edinburgh, 1841), vol.
+    iv., p.�216.]
+
+    [Footnote P8: The French text does not say anything about
+    "astronomy." We may especially note the following lines, as _not_
+    being in the French, viz., lines 1473-1496, 1523-1542, 1599-1644,
+    1658-1680, and the long passage 1752-1998.]
+
+Towards the end of the Second Book, we learn that the twelvemonth's
+truce draws near its end, and that Sir Lancelot again obtains permission
+from the lady to be present in the approaching combat, choosing this
+time to be arrayed in "armys al of blak" (l.�2426).
+
+In the Third Book Galiot returns to the fight with a host thrice as
+large as his former one. As before, Gawain distinguishes himself in the
+first encounter, but is at length so "evil wounded" that he was "the
+worse thereof evermore" (l.�2706). In the second combat, the black
+knight utterly eclipses the red knight, and the last thousand (extant)
+lines of the poem are almost wholly occupied with a description of his
+wonderful prowess. At the point where the extant portion of the poem
+ceases, the author would appear to be just warming with his subject, and
+to be preparing for greater efforts.
+
+In continuance of the outline of the story, I may add that the French
+text[P9] informs us how, after being several times remounted by Galiot,
+and finding himself with every fresh horse quite as fresh as he was at
+the beginning of the battle, the black knight attempted, as evening
+fell, to make his way back to Melyhalt secretly. Galiot, however, having
+determined not to lose sight of him, follows and confronts him, and
+earnestly requests his company to supper, and that he will lodge in his
+tent that night. After a little hesitation, Lancelot accepts the
+invitation, and Galiot entertains him with the utmost respect and
+flattery, providing for him a most excellent supper and a bed larger
+than any of the rest. Lancelot, though naturally somewhat wearied,
+passes a rather restless night, and talks a good deal in his sleep. Next
+day Galiot prays him to stay longer, and he consents on condition that a
+boon may be granted him, which is immediately acceded to without further
+question. He then requests Galiot to submit himself to Arthur, and to
+confess himself vanquished, a�demand which so amazes that chieftain that
+he at first refuses, yet succeeds in persuading Lancelot to remain with
+him a little longer. The day after, preparations are made for another
+battle, on which occasion Lancelot wears Galiot's armour, and is at
+first mistaken for him, till Sir Gawain's acute vision detects that the
+armour really encases the black knight. As Lancelot now fights on
+Galiot's side, it may easily be imagined how utter and complete is the
+defeat of Arthur's army, which was before victorious owing to his aid
+only; and we are told that Arthur is ready to kill himself out of pure
+grief and chagrin, whilst Sir Gawain swoons so repeatedly, for the same
+reason, as to cause the most serious fears to be entertained for his
+life. At this sorrowful juncture Lancelot again claims his boon of
+Galiot, who, in the very moment of victory, determines at last to grant
+it, and most humbly sues for mercy at the hands of Arthur, to that
+king's most intense astonishment. By this very unexpected turn of
+affairs, the scene of dolour is changed to one of unalloyed joy, and
+peace is immediately agreed upon, to the satisfaction of all but some
+true-bred warriors, who preferred a battle to a peace under all
+circumstances. Not long after, Galiot discovers Lancelot with eyes red
+and swollen with much weeping, and endeavours to ascertain the reason of
+his grief, but with small success. After endeavouring to comfort
+Lancelot as much as possible, Galiot goes to visit King Arthur, and a
+rather long conference takes place between them as they stand at Sir
+Gawain's bedside, the queen being also present. In the course of it,
+Galiot asks Arthur what price he would pay to have the black knight's
+perpetual friendship; to which Arthur replies, he would gladly share
+with him half of everything that he possessed, saving only Queen
+Guinevere. The question is then put to Gawain, who replies that, if only
+his health might be restored, he would wish to be the most beautiful
+woman in the world, so as to be always beloved by the knight. Next it is
+put to Guinevere, who remarks that Sir Gawain has anticipated all that a
+lady could possibly wish, an answer which is received with much
+laughter. Lastly, Arthur puts the question to Galiot himself, who
+declares that he would willingly, for the black knight's sake, suffer
+that all his honour should be turned into shame, whereat Sir Gawain
+allows himself to be outbidden. The queen then obtains a brief private
+conference with Galiot, and prays him to obtain for her an interview
+with the black knight, who promises to do what he can to that end. He
+accordingly sounds the black knight upon the subject, and, finding him
+entirely of the same mind, does all he can to promote their
+acquaintance, and is at last only too successful; and at this point we
+may suppose the Scottish Romance to have stopped, if indeed it was ever
+completed. For some account of the Romance of Lancelot, I�may refer the
+reader to Professor Morley's English Writers, vol. i., pp.�568-570, and
+573; to "Les Romans de la Table Ronde," par M.�Paulin Paris; and to the
+Prefaces to the "Seynt Graal," edited by Mr Furnivall for the Roxburghe
+Club, 1861, and "La Queste del Saint Graal," also edited by the same for
+the same club in 1864. In the last-named volume short specimens are
+given from thirteen MSS. at Paris, ten of which contain the Romance of
+Lancelot. There are also manuscript copies of it in the British Museum,
+viz., MSS. Harl. 6341 and 6342, Lansdowne 757, and MS. Addit. 10293.
+
+    [Footnote P9: See Appendix.]
+
+
+III.--THE DIALECT OF THE POEM.
+
+In coming to discuss the dialect, we find everywhere traces of
+considerable confusion; but it is not at all easy to assign a
+satisfactory reason for this.[P10] Certain errors of transcription soon
+shew that the scribe had before his eyes an older copy, which he
+mis-read. Thus, in l.�433, we find "set," where the older copy must have
+had "fet," and which he must have mis-read as "[s]et;" and again, in
+lines 2865, 2883, he has, by a similar confusion between "f" and "[s],"
+written "fir[s]t" instead of "fift." It is most probable that the older
+copy was written in the Lowland Scottish dialect (the whole tone of the
+poem going to prove this), as shewn by the use of _ch_ for _gh_, as in
+_bricht_ for _bright_, (unless this be wholly due to the scribe); by the
+occurrence of plurals in _-is_, of verbal preterites and passive
+participles in _-it_, and of words peculiarly Scottish, such as _syne_
+(afterwards), _anerly_ (only), _laif_ (remainder), _oft-syss_
+(oft-times), etc. Moreover, the Northern _r_ is clearly indicated by the
+occurrence of such dissyllables as _gar-t_, 2777, _lar-g_, 2845,
+_fir-st_, 2958, 3075; with which compare the significant spellings
+_harrmful_, 1945, and _furrde_, 2583. But, on the other hand, it would
+appear as if either the author or the copyist had no great regard for
+pure dialect, and continually introduces Southern and Midland forms,
+mixing them together in an indiscriminate and very unusual manner. We
+find, for example, in line 1765,
+
+  "Be{ith} larg and iff{is} frely of thi thing,"
+
+the Scottish form _iffis_ (give) and the Southern _beith_ in close
+conjunction; and we find no less than six or seven forms of the plural
+of the past tense of the verb "to be;" as, for example, _war_ (3136),
+_veir_ (818), _ware_ (825), _waren_ (3301), _veryng_ (2971), _waryng_
+(443), etc. If we could suppose that the scribe was not himself a
+Scotchman, we might in some measure account for such a result; but the
+supposition is altogether untenable, as the peculiar character of the
+handwriting (resembling that found, not in English, but in _French_
+MSS.) decides it to be certainly Scottish; as is also evident from the
+occurrence, in the same hand-writing, of a Scotticised version of
+Chaucer's "Flee from the press."
+
+    [Footnote P10: For many valuable remarks upon the dialect of the
+    poem I am indebted to Mr R.�Morris.]
+
+The best that can be done is to collect a few instances of
+peculiarities.
+
+1. The broad Northumbrian forms _a_, _ane_, _baith_, _fra_, _ga_,
+_haill_, _hame_, _knaw_, _law_, _sa_, _wat_, although occasionally
+retained, are also at times changed into _o_, _one_, _boith_, _fro_,
+_go_, _holl_, _hom_, _know_, _low_, _so_, and _wot_. Thus, at the end of
+l. 3246, we find _haill_, which could not have been altered without
+destroying the rime; but in l.�3078, we find it changed, in the middle
+of the line, into _holl_. In l.�3406, we find _sa_, but only three lines
+further on we find _so_ twice.
+
+So, too, we not only find _tane_ (taken), _gais_ (goes), but also the
+forms _tone_ and _go�_. See lines 1071, 1073.
+
+2. The true plural form of the verb is shewn by lines 203, 204,
+
+  "Of quhois fame and worschipful dedis
+  Clerkis into diuer� bukis _redis_,"
+
+where alteration would have ruined the rime utterly; and the same
+termination (_-is_) is correctly used in the imperative mood, as,
+
+          ----"[s]o _giffis_ ws delay" (l. 463);
+
+  "And of thi wordis _beis_ trew and stable" (l. 1671);
+
+but the termination _-ith_ is continually finding its way into the poem,
+even as early as in the fourth line,
+
+  "_Uprisith_ arly in his fyre chare;"
+
+and in the imperative mood also, as,
+
+  "_Remembrith_ now it stondith one the poynt" (l. 797).
+
+The most singular point of all, however, is this--that, not content with
+changing _-is_ into _-ith_ in the 3rd person singular, the scribe has
+done the same even in the 2nd person, thus producing words which belong
+to no pure example of any distinct dialect. Observe the following
+lines:--
+
+  "O woful wrech, that _levis_ in to were!
+  To schew the thus the god of loue me sent,
+  That of thi seruice no thing is content,
+  For in his court yhoue [= thou] _lewith_ in disspar,
+  And vilfully _sustenis_ al thi care,
+  And _schapith_ no thinge of thine awn remede,
+  Bot _clepith_ ay and _cryith_ apone dede," etc. (ll. 84-90).
+
+Here _levis_ is altered into _lewith_, not only unnecessarily, but quite
+wrongly. For similar mistakes, see ll.�1019, 1369, 1384, 2203. For
+examples of correct usage, see ll. 1024, 1337, 1796, 2200, 2201.
+
+3. But the terminations which are used in the most confused manner of
+all are _-en_, _-yne_, and _-ing_ or _-yng_. Thus we find the
+non-Scottish infinitives, _telen_ (494), _makine_ (191); the constant
+substitution of _-ing_ for _-and_ in the present participle;[P11]
+a�confusion between the past participial ending _-ine_ (more correctly
+_-yn_), and the present ending _-and_, thus producing such forms as
+_thinkine_ (34), and _besichyne_ (418); and also a confusion between
+_-ing_ and the past participial ending _-en_, as _fundyng_ for _funden_
+(465), _fallyng_ for _fallen_ (1217, 1322, 3267), _swellyng_ for
+_swollen_ (1222), and _halding_ for _halden_ (2259). We even find _-ing_
+in the infinitive mood, as in _awysing_ (424), _viting_ (to know, 410),
+_smyting_ (1326), _warnnyng_ (1035), _passing_ (2148), _[s]chewing_
+(2736), etc.; and, lastly, it occurs in the plural of the indicative
+present, instead of the Midland _-en_; as in _passing_ (1166), _biding_
+(2670), and _levyng_ (3304).[P12]
+
+    [Footnote P11: We find the true forms occasionally, as _obeisand_
+    (641), _plesand_ (1731), _thinkand_ (2173), _prekand_ (3089), and
+    _fechtand_ (3127). Compare the form _seruand_ (122).]
+
+    [Footnote P12: "The Scottish pronunciation of _-ing_ was already,
+    as it still is, _-een_; and the writer, knowing that the correct
+    spelling of _dwellin_, for example, was _dwelling_, fancied also
+    that _fallen_, _halden_ (Sc. _fallyn_, _haldyn_) were _fallyng_,
+    _haldyng_. Lyndesay and Gawain Douglas often do the same. Compare
+    _gardinge_ (l.�50), _laiting_ (l.�327)." --J.�A.�H. Murray.]
+
+It may safely be concluded, however, that the frequent occurrence of
+non-Scottish infinitives must not be attributed to the copyist, since
+they are probably due rather to the author; for in such a line as
+
+  "Of his desir to viting the sentens" (l. 410),
+
+the termination _-ing_ is required to complete the rhythm of the line.
+
+In the same way we must account for the presence of the prefix _i-_, as
+in the line
+
+  "Quharwith that al the gardinge was I-clede" (l. 50).
+
+This prefix never occurs in vernacular Scottish; but we may readily
+suppose that this and other numerous Southern forms of words are due (as
+in Gawain Douglas and Lyndesay) to the author's familiarity with
+Chaucer's poems, as evinced by the similarity of the rhythm to
+Chaucer's, and by the close resemblance of several passages. Compare,
+for instance, the first seventy lines of the Prologue with the opening
+passages of "The Flower and the Leaf," and "The Complaint of the Black
+Knight;" and see notes to ll.�432, 1608. Indeed, this seems to be the
+only satisfactory way of accounting for the various peculiarities with
+which the poem abounds.
+
+Mr J. A. H. Murray, in his remarks printed in the preface to Mr Lumby's
+edition of "Early Scottish Verse," comes to a similar conclusion, and I
+here quote his words for the reader's convenience and information.
+"There is no reason, however, to suspect the scribe of _wilfully_
+altering his original; indeed, the reverse appears manifest, from the
+fact that the 'Craft of Deyng' has not been assimilated in orthography
+to 'Ratis Raving,' but distinctly retains its more archaic character;
+while in 'Sir Lancelot,' edited by Mr Skeat for the Early English Text
+Society, from the handwriting of the same scribe, we have a language in
+its continual Anglicisms quite distinct from that of the pieces
+contained in this volume, of which the Scotch is as pure and unmixed as
+that of the contemporary Acts of Parliament. With regard to the
+remarkable transformation which the dialect has undergone in Sir
+Lancelot, there seems reason, therefore, to suppose that it was not due
+to the copyist of the present MS., but to a previous writer, if not to
+the author himself, who perhaps affected _southernism_, as was done a
+century later by Lyndesay and Knox, and other adherents of the English
+party in the Reformation movement. The Southern forms are certainly
+often shown by the rhyme to be original, and such a form as _tone_ for
+_tane_ = taken, is more likely to have been that of a Northerner trying
+to write Southern, than of a Southern scribe, who knew that no such word
+existed in his dialect. The same may be said of the _th_ in the second
+person singular. A�Scotch writer, who observed that Chaucer said _he
+liveth_, where he himself said _he lyves_, might be excused for
+supposing that he would also have said _thou liveth_ for the Northern
+_thow lyves_; but we can hardly fancy a Southern copyist making the
+blunder."
+
+4. We find not only the Northumbrian forms _sall_ and _suld_, but also
+_shall_, _shalt_, and _shuld_.
+
+5. As regards pronouns, we find the Scottish _scho_ (she) in l.�1169;
+but the usual form is _sche_. We find, too, not only the broad forms
+_thai_, _thair_, _thaim_, but also _thei_ (sometimes _the_), _ther_, and
+_them_. As examples of forms of the relative pronoun, we may quote
+_who_, _quho_, _whois_, _quhois_ (whose), _quhom_, _qwhome_ (whom),
+_quhat_, _qwhat_ (what), and _whilk_, _quhilk_, _quhich_, _quich_,
+_wich_ (which). _Wich_ is used instead of _who_ (l.�387), and we also
+find _the wich_, or _the wich that_, similarly employed. The nominative
+_who_ does not perhaps occur as a _simple_ relative, but has the force
+of _whoso_, or _he who_, as _e.g._, in l.�1102; or else it is used
+interrogatively, as in l.�1172.
+
+6. Many other peculiarities occur, which it were tedious to discuss
+fully. It may suffice, perhaps, to note briefly these following. We find
+both the soft sound _ch_, as in _wich_, _sich_, and the hard sound _k_,
+as in _whilk_, _reke_ (reach), _streke_ (stretch), etc.; which are the
+true Northern forms.
+
+_Mo_ is used as well as _more_.
+
+_Tho_ occurs for _then_ in l. 3184; and for _the_ in l. 247.
+
+_At_ occurs as well as _that_; _atte_ as well as _at the_, 627, 1055.
+
+The short forms _ma_ (make), _ta_ (take), _sent_ (sendeth), _stant_
+(standeth), are sometimes found; the two former being Northumbrian.
+
+_Has_ is used twice as a _plural_ verb (ll. 481, 496).[P13]
+
+    [Footnote P13: "The plural in Scottish always ends in _-s_ after a
+    noun or when the verb is separated from its pronoun; we still say
+    _the men hes_, _the bairns sings_, _them 'at cums_, not _have_,
+    _sing_, _come_. Notice the frequent use of _th_ for _t_, as in
+    l.�497, _Presumyth_ = _presumit_, presumed, it being presumed."
+    --J.�A.�H. Murray. [Or, _presumyth_ may be the pl. imperative, as
+    in _Remembrith_ (l.�797), already noticed. --ED.] ]
+
+_[Gh]ha_ (yes) occurs in l. 2843; but we also meet with _[gh]his_, or
+_yis_; with reference to which Mr Morris writes:-- "The latter term was
+not much in favour with the people of the North. Even now _yes_ sounds
+offensive to a Lancashire man. 'Hoo cou'd naw opp'n hur meawth t' sey
+_eigh_ (yea) or _now_ (no); boh simpurt on sed _iss_; th' dickons iss
+hur on him too. --_Tim Bobbin._'" In fact, the distinction between
+_[gh]ha_ and _[gh]his_, which I have pointed out in _William of Palerne_
+(Glossary, s.v. _[gh]is_), viz., that _[gh]ha_ merely assents, whilst
+_[gh]his_ shews that the speaker has an opinion of his own, is in this
+poem observed. Thus, in l.�2843, _[gh]ha_ = "yes, I�admit that I do;"
+but in l.�514, _yis_ = "yes, but you had better do so;" in l.�1397,
+_[gh]his_ = "yes, indeed I will;" and in l.�3406, _[gh]is_ = "yes, but I
+cannot accept your answer."[P14] The true distinction between _thou_ and
+_ye_ (_William of Palerne_, Pref. p.�xli) is also generally observed.
+Thus the Green Bird, in the Prologue, considers the poet to be a fool,
+and calls him _thou_; but the clerks, in addressing Arthur (l.�498)
+politely say _ye_. And again, Amytans, when rebuking Arthur, frequently
+calls him _thou_, without any ceremony. Cf. ll.�659, 908, 921, 2839, &c.
+
+    [Footnote P14: "This _[gh]is_ is the common form in the Scottish
+    writers, though _ay_ is largely the modern vernacular." --J.�A.�H.
+    Murray.]
+
+As regards the vocabulary, we find that some Northumbrian terms have
+been employed, but others thrown aside. Thus, while we find the
+Northumbrian words _thir_ (these), _traist_ (trust), _newis_ (neives,
+fists), _radour_ (fear), etc., we do not, on the other hand, meet with
+the usual Scottish word _mirk_, but observe it to be supplanted by
+_dirk_ (l.�2471). So, again, _eke_ is used in the sense of _also_,
+instead of being a verb, as more usual in Northern works. We may note,
+too, the occurrence of _frome_ as well as _fra_, and the Scottish form
+_thyne-furth_ (thenceforth) in l.�2196.
+
+The spelling is very various. We find even four forms of one word, as
+_cusynace_, _cusynece_, _cusynes_, _cwsynes_; and, as examples of
+eccentric spelling, may be quoted _qsquyaris_ (squires, l.�3204), whilst
+in l.�3221 we find _sqwar_.
+
+Both in the marginal abstract and in the notes I have chiefly aimed at
+removing minor difficulties by explaining sentences of which the
+construction is peculiar, and words which are disguised by the spelling.
+For the explanation of more uncommon words, recourse should be had to
+the Glossarial Index.
+
+
+
+
+[Transcriber's Note:
+
+Most of the French text was printed as a single continuous block, except
+where decorative initials mark new paragraphs. It has been broken up to
+accommodate the sidenotes.]
+
+
+APPENDIX.
+
+EXTRACTS FROM THE FRENCH ROMANCE OF "LANCELOT DU LAC."
+
+
+As it seems impossible to do justice to the story of Lancelot without
+giving due attention to the famous French Romance, and since a portion
+of the French text is really necessary to complete even that fragment of
+it which the Scottish author proposed to write, the following extracts
+have been made with the view of shewing (1)�the general outline of the
+earlier part of the story, (2)�the method in which the Scottish author
+has expanded or altered his original, and (3)�the completion of the
+story of the wars between Arthur and Galiot.[A1]
+
+    [Footnote A1: The extracts are from the Paris edition of 1513,
+    3�vols. folio, a�copy of which is in the King's Library in the
+    British Museum. There are also two other editions in the Museum,
+    one in the Grenville Library, 3�vols. Paris, 1494, folio; the
+    other in one folio volume, Paris, 1520.]
+
+
+I. Headings of the chapters of the French Romance, from its commencement
+to the end of the wars with Galiot.
+
+[The commas are inserted by the present editor, and the expansions
+marked by italics.]
+
+  � Cy commence la table du premier volume de la table ro{n}de
+  lancelot du lac.
+
+[Sidenote: Claudas, king of Scotland, deprives king Ban and king Boort
+of their lands.]
+
+  � Comment apres la mort de vterpandragon roy du royaulme de
+  logres, & apres la mort aramon, roy de la petite bretaigne, le roy
+  claudas de la terre Descosse mena guerre contre le roy ban de benoic
+  et le roy boort de gauues ta{n}t quil les desherita[A2] de leurs
+  terres.  Fueillet.    i.
+
+    [Footnote A2: See ll. 1447-1449.]
+
+[Sidenote: Claudas besieges Ban in the Castle of Trible.]
+
+  � Comment le roy claudas assiegea le chasteau de trible
+  auquel estoit le roy ban de benoic, et comment ilz parlementerent
+  ensemble.  f.    i.
+
+[Sidenote: King Ban, his wife, and his son Lancelot repair to the court
+of Arthur.]
+
+  � Comment le roy ban de benoic, accompaigne de sa femme et
+  de son filz lancelot, auecq{ue}s vng seul escuyer, se partirent du
+  chasteau de trible pour aller querir secours deuers le roy Artus a
+  la grant bretaigne.  Fueillet    ii.
+
+[Sidenote: The Castle of Trible is treacherously given up to Claudas.]
+
+  � Comment apres ce que le roy ban fut party de son chasteau
+  de trible, le seneschal a qui il auoit baille la garde trahit ledit
+  chasteau, et le liura es mains du roy claudas.  Fueillet.    ii.
+
+[Sidenote: King Ban dies of grief, and Lancelot is taken away by the
+lady of the lake.]
+
+  � Comment le roy ban mourut de dueil quant il veit son
+  chasteau ardoir et brouyr. Et comment la dame du lac emporta son
+  filz lancelot.[A3]  Fueillet.    iiii.
+
+    [Footnote A3: Lines 215, 220.]
+
+  � Comme{n}t la royne helaine, apres que le roy fut mort et
+  elle eut perdu son filz, se rendit nonnain en labbaye du monstier
+  royal.  Fueillet.    v.
+
+[Sidenote: The two sisters, widows of kings Ban and Boort, retreat to a
+monastery.]
+
+  � Comment le roy de gauues mourut | & co{m}ment la Royne sa
+  femme, pour paour de claudas, sen partit de son chasteau pour aller
+  au monstier royal, ou sa seur estait rendue, et comment ses enfans
+  Lyonnel et Boort luy furent ostez.  Fueillet    vi.
+
+  � Comment la royne de Gauues, apres que son seigneur fut
+  mort et que elle eut perdu ses deux enfans, se vint rendre au
+  monastere ou estoit sa seur la royne de benoic.  Fueillet    vi.
+
+[Sidenote: Merlin's love for the lady of the lake.]
+
+  � Comment merlin fut engendre du dyable: Et comment il fut
+  amoureux de la dame du lac.  Fueillet    vii.
+
+[Sidenote: Sir Farien secretly nourishes the two sons of king Boort, and
+is made seneschal to king Claudas.]
+
+  � Comme{n}t le cheualier farien, qui auoit tollu a la royne
+  de Gauues ses deux enfans, les emporta en sa maison | et les feist
+  nourrir vne espace de temps. Et comment le roy claudas fut amoureux
+  de la femme du dict Farien | et pource le fist son seneschal.
+    Fueillet    viii.
+
+[Sidenote: Claudas accuses Sir Farien of treason.]
+
+  � Comment le roy claudas fist appeller son cheualier farien
+  de trahison par ladmonnesteme{n}t de sa femme, disant quil gardoit
+  les deux enfans du roy boort de gauues.  Fueillet.    viii.
+
+[Sidenote: Claudas, in disguise, visits Arthur's court.]
+
+  � comment le roy claudas en maniere de cheualier estrange, se partit
+  du royaulme de gauues pour aller en la grant bretaigne a la court du
+  roy artus pour veoir sa puissa{n}ce & son gouuernement.
+    Fueillet    x.
+
+[Sidenote: The lady of the lake informs Lancelot that he is a king's
+son.]
+
+  � Comment la dame du lac bailla a lancelot vng maistre pour
+  linstruyre comme il appartenoit a filz de roy.  Fueillet    xii.
+
+  � Comme{n}t la royne helaine alloit faire chascun io{u}r son
+  dueil au lieu ou son seigneur mourut | et de la alloit au lac ou
+  elle perdit son filz.  Fueillet    xv.
+
+  � Comment le bon Religieux qui auoit dit nouuelles a la
+  royne helaine de son filz lancelot, print conge de elle, et sen vint
+  au roy artus en la grant bretaigne.  Fueillet    xvi.
+
+[Sidenote: The lady of the lake seeks to deliver the sons of king
+Boort.]
+
+  � Comment la dame du lac enuoya sa damoyselle a la court du
+  roy claudas, pour delyurer les deux enfans au roy boort que claudas
+  tenoit en prison.  Fueillet    xvii.
+
+  � Comment farien, seneschal du roy claudas par le
+  comma{n}dement de son seigneur, alla querir en prison les deux filz
+  au roy de Gauues.  Fueillet    xviii.
+
+[Sidenote: Lyonnel and Boort wound king Claudas, and slay his son
+Dorin.]
+
+  � Comment les deux enfans au roy de gauues blecerent le roy
+  claudas, & occire{n}t dorin son filz | et comment la damoyselle du
+  lac les emmena en semblance de deux leuriers.  fueil.    xix.
+
+  � De la grant ioye et du grant honneur que la dame du lac
+  fist aux deux enfans quant elle les veit en sa maison.
+    Fueillet    xx.
+
+[Sidenote: Claudas bewails his son's death.]
+
+  � Comment le roy claudas mena tres grant dueil pour la mort
+  de dorin son filz que boort auoit occis.  Fueillet    xx.
+
+  � Comment farien et le peuple de la cyte de gauues
+  sesmeure{n}t contre le roy claudas a cause que il vouloit faire
+  mourir les deux filz au roy boort de gauues.  Fueillet.    xxi.
+
+[Sidenote: Farien saves Claudas' life.]
+
+  � Comment le roy claudas se partit de gauues | et comment
+  ceulx dudit lieu le vouloient occire, se neust este farien le bo{n}
+  cheualier.  f.    xxiii.
+
+  � Comment le roy claudas se deffendit vaillamment contre
+  ceulx de Gauues qui le vouloyent occire.  Fueillet.    xxv.
+
+  � Comment lyonnel et boort perdirent le boire et le manger
+  pource quilz ne scauoyent nouuelles de leur maistres | lesquelz
+  estoyent demourez auec le roy claudas | & comment la dame du lac
+  enuoya vne sie{n}ne damoyselle a gauues pour les amener.
+    Fueillet.    xxvii.
+
+[Sidenote: Leonce and Lambegues go to seek Lyonnel and Boort.]
+
+  � Comment, par le conseil des baro{n}s de gauues: leonce &
+  lambegues sen allerent auecques la damoyselle pour veoir leurs
+  seigneurs lyonnel et boort.  Fueillet    xxviii.
+
+  � Comment la dame du lac sen retourna apres ce quelle eut
+  monstre a leonce et a lambegues les enfa{n}s du roy de gauues leurs
+  seign{eu}rs, et comment lesditz cheualiers sen retournere{n}t a
+  gauues.  Fueillet    xxx.
+
+[Sidenote: Claudas meditates revenge.]
+
+  � Comment le roy claudas retourna a gauues, po{u}r soy
+  venger de la honte quon luy auoit faicte, et pour la mort de son
+  filz.  Fueil.    xxxi.
+
+  � Comment lappointement fut fait entre le roy claudas et les
+  barons, par le moyen de farien et lambegues son nepueu.
+    fueillet.    xxxiii.
+
+[Sidenote: Death of Farien.]
+
+  � Comme{n}t farien | sa femme, et son nepueu lambegues sen
+  partirent pour aller veoir lyonnel et boort, qui estoyent au lac | &
+  comment farien mourut.  Fueillet    xxxv.
+
+[Sidenote: The widow of king Boort sees her children and Lancelot in a
+vision, and dies.]
+
+  � Comment les deux roynes menerent saincte vie au monstier
+  royal | et comment celle de gauues veit ces deux enfans & lancelot
+  en aduision | et comment elle trespassa de ce siecle.
+    Fueillet.    xxxv.
+
+[Sidenote: Arthur holds a tournament, and Banin, son of king Ban, is the
+victor.]
+
+  � Comment le roy artus assembla le iour de pasques tous ses
+  barons, & tint grant court a karahes, et comment banin le filleul au
+  Roy ban emporta le pris du behourdys celluy iour.
+    Fueillet.    xxxvi.
+
+[Sidenote: The lady of the lake sends Lancelot to Arthur to be knighted,
+and provides for him white armour.]
+
+  � Comment la dame du lac se pourpensa de mener lancelot au
+  roy artus pour le faire cheualier,[A4] et elle luy bailla armes
+  blanches, et partit du lac a tout quarante cheualliers pour le
+  conuoyer.  Fueillet    xxxvii.
+
+    [Footnote A4: Line 223.]
+
+[Sidenote: Of the wounded knight who came to Arthur's court.]
+
+  � Comment vng cheuallier naure, lequel auoit vne espee
+  fichee en la teste et deux tronco{n}s de lance parmy le corps,[A5]
+  vint a la court du roy artus | et comment la dame du lac le mena
+  deuant le roy artus, et luy prya quil le fist cheualier.
+    Fueillet    xxxix.
+
+    [Footnote A5: Lines 237-245.]
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot is knighted.]
+
+  � Comment messire yuain, a qui le roy Artus auoit
+  recomma{n}de lancelot, alla faire sa requeste audit roy artus, que
+  le lendemain il fist ledit lancelot cheualier, et comment ledit
+  lancelot defferra le cheualier naure.[A6]  Fueillet.    xli.
+
+    [Footnote A6: Lines 249-252.]
+
+[Sidenote: How the white knight defended the lady of Nohalt,]
+
+  � Comment la dame de noehault[A7] enuoya deuers le roy
+  artus, luy supplier q{u}il luy enuoyast secours contre le Roy de
+  norhombellande qui luy menoit guerre. Et comment Lancelot requist au
+  roy artus quil luy donnast congie dy aller | & il luy octroya.
+    Fueillet      xlii.
+
+    [Footnote A7: Line 255.]
+
+[Sidenote: and won the battle for her.]
+
+  � Co{m}ment le nouueau cheualier aux armes blanches vainquit
+  la bataille pour la dame de noehault.  Fueillet    xliii.
+
+  � Comment lancelot apres ce quil se fut party de la dame de
+  noehault, se co{m}batit auec vng cheualier qui lauoit mouille.
+    Fueillet    xlv.
+
+[Sidenote: How Lancelot conquered the "Sorrowful Castle."]
+
+  � Comment lancelot conquist vaillamme{n}t par sa force et
+  proesse le chasteau de la douloureuse garde q{ue} nul aultre ne
+  pouoit conquerre.[A8]  Fueillet    xlv.
+
+    [Footnote A8: Lines 257-259.]
+
+[Sidenote: How Arthur hears of it, and sends Gawain to see if it is
+true.]
+
+  � Comment les nouuelles vindrent au roy artus que la
+  douloureuse garde estoit conquise par la cheualier aux armes
+  blanches | Et le roy y enuoya messire gauuain pour en scauoir la
+  verite.  Fueillet    xlviii.
+
+[Sidenote: Gawain is imprisoned, and supposed to be dead.]
+
+  � Comment messire Gauuain fut mys en prison | et comment le
+  roy et la royne entrerent en la premiere porte de la | et la veirent
+  des tu{m}bes ou il y auoit escript que monseigneur gauuain estoit
+  mort, et plusieures aultres cheualiers.  Fueillet.    xlix.
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot hears of Gawain's imprisonment,]
+
+  � Comment vne damoyselle de lhostel de la dame du lac feist
+  assauoir au cheuallier blanc que monseigneur gauuain & ses
+  compaigno{n}s estoyent emprisonnez par celluy qui auoit este
+  seigneur de la douloureuse garde.  Fueillet    l.
+
+[Sidenote: and delivers him and his companions.]
+
+  � Comme{n}t le blanc cheualier se combatit encontre celluy
+  qui auoit este seigneur de la douloureuse garde, q{u}i tenoit en
+  prison messire gauuain et ses compaignons.[A9]  Fueillet.    l.
+
+    [Footnote A9: Lines 263, -4.]
+
+  � Comment le cheuallier blanc emmena le cheualier conquis en
+  vng hermitaige. et comment ledit cheualier conquis luy rendit audit
+  hermitage gauuain & ses compaignons.  f.    lii.
+
+[Sidenote: Gawain returns to Arthur and his Queen at Douloureuse Garde.]
+
+  � Comment messire gauuain et ses compaignons sen vindre{n}t
+  par deuers le roy artus qui estoit a la douloureuse garde. Et
+  comment le roy et la royne furent ioyeulx quant ilz les virent.
+    Fueillet.    liii.
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot hears of the war to come between Arthur and Galiot.]
+
+  � Comment le cheuallier blanc retourna a labbaye ou il auoit
+  laisse ses escuyers | et comment il sceut lassemblee qui deuoit
+  estre entre le roy artus et le roy doultre les marches, & co{m}ment
+  il conquist le cheualier qui disoit mieulx aymer le cheualier qui
+  auoit naure que celluy qui lauoit este.[A10]  Fueillet.    liiii.
+
+    [Footnote A10: See ll. 244, -5.]
+
+[Sidenote: Gawain goes to seek the white knight,]
+
+  � Comment messire gauuain se mist en queste pour trouuer le
+  blanc cheuallier.[A11] Et comment la meslee dentre les gens au roy
+  des cent cheualiers et les gens de la dame de noehault fut appaisee.
+    Fueillet    lv.
+
+    [Footnote A11: Line 267.]
+
+[Sidenote: who is wounded in the battle against Galiot by the
+king-of-a-hundred-knights.]
+
+  � Comment le blanc cheualier vainquit lassemble dentre les
+  deux roys | et comme{n}t il fut naure du roy des cent cheualiers.
+    Fueillet.    lvi.
+
+[Sidenote: Arthur and Queen Genure return home.]
+
+  � Comme{n}t apres que le cheualier qui auoit gangne le
+  tournoyement dentre le roy doultre les marches sen fut alle, le roy
+  artus & la royne genieure se partirent pour aller en leurs pays.
+    Fueillet    lvii.
+
+  � Comment messire gauuain se combatit a brehain-sans-pitie,
+  et le rua par terre. et co{m}ment apres ilz sen allerent a la
+  douloureuse garde: & comment les deux pucelles que messire Gauuain
+  menoit luy furent tollues.  Fueillet.    lviii.
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot ends the adventures of the "Sorrowful Castle."]
+
+  � Comment lancelot print congie de son mire | et comment il
+  mist a fin les aduentures de la douloureuse garde.
+    Fueillet    lx.
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot is again victorious in the combat between Arthur and
+Galiot.]
+
+  � Comment messire gauuain recouura les deux pucelles qui luy
+  auoyent este tollues, Et comment lancelot vainquit la seconde
+  assemblee dentre le roy artus & le roy doultre les marches.
+    Fueillet    lxi.
+
+[Sidenote: Gawain returns to Arthur's court.]
+
+  � Comment messire gauuain retourna a la court du roy artus
+  apres la seconde assemblee dentre le roy artus & le roy doultre les
+  marches, et comment lancelot vainquit le cheualier qui gardoit le
+  gue.  Fueillet    lxiii.
+
+[_Here begins the Scotch Translation._]
+
+[Sidenote: Arthur's evil dreams.]
+
+  � Comment le roy Artus songea plusieurs songes | et apres
+  manda tous les saiges clercs de son royaulme pour en scauoir la
+  signifiance.[A12]  Fueillet    lxiiii.
+
+    [Footnote A12: Lines 363-527.]
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot defies Arthur.]
+
+  � Comment le roy doultre les marches, nomme gallehault,
+  enuoya deffier le roy artus[A13] | et comment Lancelot occist deux
+  geans empres kamalot.[A14]  Fueillet    lxv.
+
+    [Footnote A13: Lines 540-592.]
+    [Footnote A14: Line 280.]
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot is assailed by forty knights, and imprisoned by the
+lady of Melyhalt.]
+
+  � Comment lancelot occist vng cheualier q{u}i disoit moins
+  aymer le cheualier naure que celluy qui lauoit naure.[A15] | et
+  comment il fut assailly de .xl. cheualliers, et mys en prison de la
+  dame de mallehault.[A16]  Fueillet    lxviii.
+
+    [Footnote A15: Lines 233-252.]
+    [Footnote A16: Lines 281-292.]
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot, released from prison, is again victorious against
+Galiot.]
+
+  � Comment gallehault assembla au roy artus vng iour durant
+  que lancelot estoit en prison[A17] | et comment le lendemain
+  lancelot fut deliure de prison[A18] | et vainquit lassemblee dentre
+  les deux roys.[A19]  Fueillet    lxvii.
+
+    [Footnote A17: Lines 634-894.]
+    [Footnote A18: Lines 895-974.]
+    [Footnote A19: Lines 975-1138.]
+
+[Sidenote: Arthur is reproved by Amytans, and Galiot proposes a truce
+for a year.]
+
+  � Comment le roy artus fut reprins de ses vices, et moult
+  bien conseille par vng cheualier qui suruint en son ost[A20] | Et
+  comment gallehault donna tresues au roy Artus iusques a vng an.[A21]
+    Fueillet    lxix.
+
+    [Footnote A20: Lines 1275-2130.]
+    [Footnote A21: Lines 1543-1584.]
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot returns to the lady of Melyhalt.]
+
+  � Comment lancelot, apres ce quil eut vaincu lassemblee,
+  retourna en la prison de la dame de mallehault[A22] | et comment
+  elle le congneut, a�son cheual et par les playes quil auoit, que
+  cestoit celluy q{u}i auoit vaincu lassemblee.[A23]
+    Fueillet    lxxii.
+
+    [Footnote A22: Lines 1139-1152.]
+    [Footnote A23: Lines 1181-1274.]
+
+[Sidenote: Gawain, with 39 comrades, departs to seek the red knight.]
+
+  � Comment messire gauuain, soy quarantiesme de compaignons,
+  se mist en queste pour trouuer le cheuallier qui auoit porte lescu
+  vermeil a lassemblee dentre le roy artus et Gallehault.[A24]
+    Fueillet    lxxii.
+
+    [Footnote A24: Lines 2161-2256.]
+
+[Sidenote: The lady of Melyhalt accepts Lancelot's ransom.]
+
+  � Comment la dame de mallehault mist a rancon le cheuallier
+  quelle tenoit en prison, et le laissa aller quant elle veit quelle
+  ne peult scauoir son nom.[A25] fu.  lxxiii.
+
+    [Footnote A25: Lines 2347-2442.]
+
+[Sidenote: The truce ended, Galiot again attacks Arthur.]
+
+  � Co{m}ment messire gauuain et ses compaignons retournerent
+  de leur queste[A26] | et comme{n}t apres les treues faillies
+  galehault vint assembler co{n}tre le roy artus, & tous ses gens en
+  fure{n}t moult troublez.[A27]  fu.      lxxiiii.
+
+    [Footnote A26: Lines 2504-2530.]
+    [Footnote A27: Lines 2531-3268.]
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot gains over the black knight.]
+
+  � Comment gallehault suyuit le cheuallier aux noires
+  armes,[A28] & fist tant par belles parolles quil lemmena en son ost,
+  dont le roy artus et tous ses gens en furent moult troublez.
+    Fueillet    lxxviii.
+
+    [Footnote A28: Lines 3343-3487.]
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot induces Galiot to submit to Arthur.]
+
+  � Co{m}ment lancelot par sa prouesse conquist tout, et fist
+  tant que gallehault crya mercy au roy artus.  fu.    lxxix.
+
+[Sidenote: The Queen and Lancelot meet.]
+
+  � Co{m}ment gallehault fist tant que la royne vit lancelot |
+  & co{m}ment ilz se arraisonnerent ensemble.  fu.    lxxxi.
+
+[Sidenote: The Queen knows Lancelot from his adventures that he tells
+her.]
+
+  � Co{m}ment la royne co{n}gneut lancelot apres ce q{u}il eut
+  longuement parle a elle, & quil luy eut co{m}pte de ses aduentures.
+  & co{m}ment la premiere acointance fut faicte entre la royne &
+  la{n}celot p{ar} le moyen de galehault.  fu.    lxxxii.
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot becomes acquainted with the lady of Melyhalt.]
+
+  � Co{m}ment la premiere acointance fut faicte de galehault &
+  de la dame de malehault par le moyen de la royne de logres, &
+  co{m}me[nt] lancelot & galehault sen alloyent esbatre & deuiser
+  auecques leurs dames.  fu.    lxxxiiii.
+
+
+II. The Chapter of the French romance from which the translator has
+taken the beginning of his First Book is here given, in order to shew in
+what manner he has treated his original. It begins at Fol. lxiii. _a_,
+col. 1.
+
+[Sidenote: Arthur's evil dreams.]
+
+  Comment le roy artus so{n}gea plusieurs songes, et apres manda tous
+  les sages clercz de son royaulme pour en scauoir la signifiance.
+
+[Sidenote: King Arthur being at Cardueil, his knights are annoyed at
+meeting with no adventures.]
+
+  ++OR dit le compte que le roy artus auoit longueme{n}t seiourne a
+  cardueil. Et pource ny auenoit mie gra{nde}ment de aduentures, il
+  ennuya mo{u}lt aux compaignons du Roy de ce q{u}ilz auoient si
+  longuement seiourne, & ne veoient riens de ce quilz souloyent veoir.
+  Principallement keu le seneschal en fut trop ennuye Et en parloit
+  moult souuent, et disoyt deua{n}t le roy que trop estoit ce seio{ur}
+  ennuyeulx, & trop auoit dure.
+
+[Sidenote: Sir Kay counsels that they should go to Camelot.]
+
+  Le roy luy demande "Keu | q{ue} vouldriez vous que no{us} feissons?"
+  "Certes," fait keu, "ie conseilleroye que nous allissions a kamalot
+  | car la cite est plus aduantureuse q{ue} vous ayez | et la nous
+  verrions souuent et orrions choses de merueilles que nous ne voyons
+  pas icy. Nous auons seiourne ia icy plus de deux moys, et oncques ne
+  y veismes gueres de choses aduenir."
+
+[Sidenote: The king consents to go;]
+
+  "Or alons donc," fait le roy, "a Kamalot, puis que vous le
+  co{n}seillez."
+
+[Sidenote: but the same night dreams that all his hair falls off, which
+delays him.]
+
+  Lendemain deust partir le roy | mais la nuyct luy aduint vne
+  merueilleuse aduenture. Il songa q{ue} tous les cheueulx de sa teste
+  cheoie{n}t, et to{us} les poilz de sa barbe, dont il fut moult
+  espouente. Et p{ar} ce demoura encores en la ville.
+
+[Sidenote: The third night after he dreams that all his fingers fall off
+except his thumbs.]
+
+  La tierce nuyt apres il songa q{ue} il luy estoit aduis q{ue} tous
+  les dois luy cheoie{n}t fors les poulces, & lors fut pl{us} esbahy
+  que deuant.
+
+
+[Sidenote: Again, that all his toes fall off except his great toes.]
+
+  ++A Lautre nuyct songea il q{ue} to{us} les ortelz des piedz luy
+  cheoient fors les poulces. de ce fut si trouble que plus ne peult.
+
+[Sidenote: The Queen and his chaplain disregard the dreams;]
+
+  "Sire," fait son chappelain a q{u}i il lauoit dit, "ne vous chaille
+  | car songes ne so{n}t pas a croire;" le roy le dit a la royne, et
+  elle respo{n}d tout ainsi q{ue} luy auoit fait so{n} chappelain.
+
+[Sidenote: but Arthur sends for his bishops, archbishops, and their
+wisest clerks;]
+
+  "En verite," dist il, "ie ne laisseray pas la chose ainsi" | il fait
+  mander ses euesques et archeuesques q{u}ilz soie{n}t a luy au .ix
+  iour ensuyuant a kamalot, & q{u}ilz amainent auec eulx tous les plus
+  sages clercz quils po{u}rroient auoir et trouuer.
+
+[Sidenote: whom he imprisons till they shall tell him what the dreams
+mean.]
+
+  A tant se part de cardueil & sen va par les chasteaulx et par les
+  citez | tant q{ue} au neufniesme iour est venu a kamalot, et aussi
+  sont venus les clercz du pays. Il leur demande co{n}seil de son
+  songe, _et_ ilz elise{n}t dix des plus sages: le roy les fist bien
+  enserrer, et dist que iamais nen sortiroient de priso{n} deuant
+  quilz luy auroient dit la signifiance de son songe.
+
+[Sidenote: After trying for nine days, they fail.]
+
+  Ilz esprouuerent la force de le{u}r scie{n}ce par neuf iours, et
+  puis vindre{n}t au roy, & dirent quilz nauoient riens trouue.
+  "Ai{n}si maist dieu," dit le roy, "ia ainsi neschapperez."
+
+[Sidenote: They twice obtain a delay of three days.]
+
+  Et ils demande{n}t respit iusques au troisiesme iour ensuyuant, et
+  il leur donne. Les .iii iours passez, ilz reuiennent deuant le roy,
+  et dient que ilz ne peuent riens trouuer | et dema{n}dent encores
+  autre delay | et ilz ont. Et de rechief vindrent pour demander
+  aultres troys iours de dilacion, ainsi que le roy auoit so{n}ge de
+  tierce nuyt en tierce nuyt. "Or sachez," fait le roy, "q{ue} iamais
+  plus nen aurez."
+
+[Sidenote: The king threatens to slay them.]
+
+  Quant vint au tiers iour ilz dirent quilz nauoient rien trouue; "ce
+  ne vault rien," fait le roy, "ie vous feray tous destruire se vous
+  ne me dictes la verite;" et ils dirent. "Sire nous ne vous en
+  scairions que dire." Lors se pense le roy quil leur fera paour de
+  mort.
+
+[Sidenote: Five are to be burnt, and five hung.]
+
+  Il fait fair vng grant feu, & commanda en le{u}rs presences que les
+  .v. y�fusse{n}t mis, et que les autres cinq soyent penduz | mais
+  priueeme{n}t deffent a ses baillifz quilz ne les menassent que
+  iusques a la paour de mourir.
+
+[Sidenote: The five who are to be hung, having the cords round their
+necks, offer to speak out.]
+
+  Quant les ci{n}q qui furent menez aux fourches euerent les cordes
+  entour leurs colz, ils eurent paour de mourir, et dirent, que se les
+  aultres cinq le vouloyent dire, ilz le diroyent. La nouuelle vint au
+  .v. que len menoit ardre | et ilz dire{n}t que, se les autres le
+  vouloyent dire, ils le diroyent | ils furent amenez ensemble
+  deua{n}t le roy, et les plus sages dirent
+
+[Sidenote: They stipulate not to be held as liars if their
+interpretations fail.]
+
+  | "sire, nous vous dirons ce q{ue} no{us} auons trouue | mais nous
+  ne vouldrions mie que vous nous tenissiez a menteurs se il ne
+  aduenoit | car nous vouldrions bien quil nen fust rien, et voulons,
+  comment quil en aduiengne, que vous nous asseurez q{ue} ia mal ne
+  no{us} en aduiendra;" et il leur promet.
+
+[Sidenote: The dreams mean that he will lose his land and his honour.]
+
+  Lors dist lung de eulx qui pour tous parla. "Sire, sachez que ceste
+  terre et tout honneur vo{us} conuie{n}dra perdre et ceulx en qui
+  plus vous fiez vous fauldront; telle est la substa{n}ce et
+  signifiance de voz songes."
+
+[Sidenote: Arthur asks if anything can avert such fate.]
+
+  De ceste chose fut le roy moult effraye, "Or me dictes," fait il,
+  "sil est chose qui me{n} peult garantir." "Certes," fait le maistre,
+  "nous auons veu une chose | Mais cest si grande merueille que on ne
+  le pourroyt penser, et ne la vo{us} oso{n}s dire." "Dictes," fait
+  il, "seurement | car pis ne me pouez vous dire que vous mauez dit."
+
+[Sidenote: He is told, "nothing, except the savage lion and the leech
+without medicine, by help of the counsel of the flower."]
+
+  "Sire, riens ne vous peult garder de perdre tout honneur terrien
+  fors le lyon sauluaige, et le mire sans medecine, par le co{n}seil
+  de la fleur, & se no{us} semble estre si grande folie que nous ne
+  losions dire | Car lyon sauluaige ne y peult estre, ne mire sans
+  medecine | ne fleur qui parlast |" le roy est moult entreprins de
+  ceste chose: mais plus en fait belle chiere que le cueur ne luy
+  apporte.
+
+[Sidenote: Arthur goes to the chase.]
+
+  Ung iour alla le roy chasser au boys bien matin | et mena auec luy
+  messire gauuain, keu le seneschal, et ceulx qui lui pleust. Si
+  laisse icy le compte a parler de luy, et retourne a p{ar}ler du
+  cheualier dont messire Gauuain aporta le nom en court.
+
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot on his wanderings.]
+
+  ++QVant[A29] le cheuallier qui lasse{m}blee auoyt vaincu se partast
+  de la ou il se combatist a son hoste, il erra toute io{u}r sa{n}s
+  autre aduanture trouuer. Il se logea la nuyt chiez une veufue dame a
+  lyssue dune forest a cinq lieues angleches pres de kamelot.
+
+[Sidenote: He meets an esquire, and asks him, "what news?"]
+
+  Le cheualier se leua matin, et erra, luy et ses escuyers et sa
+  damoyselle, tant q{u}il encontra vng escuyer. "Varlet," fait il,
+  "scez tu nulles nouuelles?"
+
+[Sidenote: "The queen," he says, "is at Camelot."]
+
+  "Ouy," fait il, "ma dame la royne est icy pres a kamalot." "quelle
+  royne" fait il "Le fe{m}me au roy artus," fait lescuyer.
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot goes on till he sees a large house, a lady, and her
+damsel.]
+
+  Le cheuallier sen part, et cheuauche tant quil treuue vne maison
+  forte, et voit vne dame en son surcot, qui regardoit les prez et la
+  forest | & auoit auec elle vne damoiselle.
+
+[Sidenote: He regards her fixedly.]
+
+  Le cheuallier se arreste, et regarde la dame moult longuement tant
+  quil oublie tout autre chose. Et maintenant passa vng cheuallier
+  arme de toutes armes, qui luy dist.
+
+[Sidenote: An armed knight, passing, asks him what he is regarding so
+closely.]
+
+  "Sire cheualier, que attendez vous?" et celluy ne respo{n}d mot |
+  car il ne la pas ouy. Et le cheualier le boutte, et luy demande quil
+  regarde.
+
+[Sidenote: He replies, that he looks at what pleases him.]
+
+  "Je regarde," fait il, "ce q{ue} me plaist: Et vous nestes mie
+  courtois, qui de mo{n} penser me auez iecte."
+
+[Sidenote: The knight asks if he knows who the lady is, and he replies
+that he knows it is the queen.]
+
+  "Par la foy que vous deuez o dieu," fait le cheuallier estrange,
+  "scauez vous bien qui la dame est que vous regardez?" "Je le cuyde
+  bien scauoir," fait le bon cheualier. "Et q{u}i este elle," fait
+  lautre. "Cest ma dame la royne." "Si maist dieu, estrangement la
+  congnoissez, deables vous font bien regarder dames." "Pourquoy,"
+  faict il. "Pource que vous ne me oseriez suyuir par deuant la Royne
+  la ou ie yroye." "Certes," faict le bon cheuallier, "se vous osiez
+  aller la ou ie vous oseray suyuir, vous aurez passez de couraige
+  tous les plus gra{n}s oseurs qui oncques furent." A�tant sen part le
+  cheualier. Et le bon cheualier va apres.
+
+[Sidenote: The stranger takes Lancelot home to lodge with him, and he is
+well entertained.]
+
+  Et quant ilz ont vne piece alle, lautre luy dist, "vous
+  he[r]bergerez ennuyt auec moy, et le matin ie vous meneray la ou ie
+  vous diz;" et le bon cheuallier luy demande sil conuient ainsi
+  faire. "Oy" | fait il. Et il dist que donc lottroyera il.
+  Il geut la nuyt chez le cheualier sur la riuiere de kamalot, et fut
+  moult bien herberge, et sa pucelle | et ses escuyers.
+
+    [Footnote A29: There is no trace of the rest of this chapter in
+    the Scottish poem.]
+
+
+  III. Our last extract will shew exactly where the Scottish poem
+  suddenly ceases, and how the story was probably continued. For the
+  latter purpose, four chapters of the French Romance are added beyond
+  the point where the Scotch ends; and it is possible (judging from
+  lines 306-312 of the Prologue) that the author did not intend to go
+  very much further. The passage begins, in the French copy, at Fol.
+  lxxvii. _b_, col. 1; and, in the Scotch poem, at l.�3427.
+
+  Lors descent de son cheual, et la baille au cheualier.
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot gives Lancelot his own horse, and gives orders to his
+own men.]
+
+  Et celluy si y monte sans arrest. Et gallehault monta sur vng autre,
+  et vient a son conroy | Si prent auec soy les dix mille, et dit
+  quilz voisent assembler deuant; "et vous," fait il au roy vend,
+  "viendres apres, si ne assemblerez mie si tost comme ceulx cy seront
+  assemblez | mais quant les derrains de ceulx de dela seront venus,
+  vous assemblerez, & moy mesmes vous iray querir."
+
+[Sidenote: He commands the trumpets to be sounded.]
+
+  A tant amaine les dix mille pour assembler,[A30] Et qua{n}t il fut
+  entre en la bataille il fist sonner ses busines tant q{ue} tout en
+  retentissoit.[A31] Quant le noir cheuallier les ouyt venir, si luy
+  sembla que gra{n}t effort de gens eut la, si se retrait vng pou vers
+  les siens, et les appella entour luy, & leur dist.
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot harangues his men.]
+
+  "Seigne{u}rs, vous estes tous amys du roy. Or y perra co{m}me{n}t
+  vo{us} le ferez."[A32]
+
+[Sidenote: Sir Yvain comforts Arthur's soldiers.]
+
+  Et messire yuain, qui les vit venir, dist a ses gens, "Or soyes tous
+  asseurs q{ue} no{us} ne perdro{n}s au iourdhuy p{ar} force de
+  gens."[A33] Et ce disoit il pource quil cuidoit q{ue} les gens
+  gallehault fussent tous venus.[A34]
+
+    [Footnote A30: Line 3432.]
+    [Footnote A31: Lines 3435-3440.]
+    [Footnote A32: Lines 3441-3476.]
+    [Footnote A33: Lines 3477-3480.]
+    [Footnote A34: Lines 3481-3484.]
+
+
+  ++QVant les .x.m. de gallehault sassemblerent, si fut gra{n}de la
+  noise, et moult en abbatent a le{u}r venir | mais qua{n}t messire
+  yuain vint, si reco{n}forta mo{u}lt les gens du roy artus | et
+  to{us} les fuyans retourne{n}t auec luy.
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot orders charge.]
+
+  Et gallehault sen va arriere a son conroy, et commande q{ui}lz
+  cheuauchent fermement | et quilz se frappent es gens du roy
+  artus[A35] de telle maniere[A36] que nul dentreulz ne demeure a
+  cheual "Vous estes to{us} frays. Or y perra comment vous le ferez."
+  A�tant cheuauchent les conroys deuers le{u}rs ge{n}s, Car ilz
+  auoyent ia du pire.
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot's reserve arriving, his men awhile prevail.]
+
+  Et quant le conroy de Gallehault fut venu, si changa moult laffaire
+  | Car moult y auoyt grant effort de gens. Et fut a le{ur} venue le
+  cheualier noir mis a terre.[A37] Et aussi les six compaigno{n}s qui
+  toute iour auoyent este pres de luy.[A38]
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot again remounts Lancelot.]
+
+  Lors vint gallehault, qui le remonta sur le cheual mesmes ou so{n}
+  corps seoit.[A39] Et si tost comme il fut mo{n}te, il sen reuint a
+  la meslee aussi frays comme il auoit le io{u}r este. Et qua{n}t il
+  vint aux coups donner, tous ceulx qui le veoyent sen
+  esmerueilloyent, Ainsi dura la bataille iusques a la nuyt.
+
+[Sidenote: Night arriving, the hosts retreat.]
+
+  Et quant il vint au soir ilz se departirent | et toutesfoys les gens
+  du roy Artus en eurent du meilleur.
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot tries to depart unobserved, but is followed by
+Galiot, who prays him to lodge with him for that night.]
+
+  Le bon cheualier se departit de lost le plus coyement quil
+  peut,[A40] et sen alla par vng chemin entre les prestz et vng
+  tertre, et cuyda que nul ne le veist | mais Gallehault sen print
+  tres bien garde, et picqua tant son cheual qui luy fut au deuant par
+  vne adresse, et le vint rencontrer au pied du tertre. Si le salue,
+  et dit 'que dieu le co{n}duit.' Et celuy le regarde en trauers, et
+  luy a a moult grant peine re{n}du son salut. "Bel amy," fait
+  galehault, "qui estes vous?" "Sire," fait il, "ie suis vng
+  cheualier, ce pouez vo{us} veoir." "Certes," fait galehault,
+  "cheualier estes vous meilleur qui soit | & vous estes lhomme du
+  monde que plus ie vouldroye honnourer,[A41] et si vous suis venu
+  prier que vous herbergez ceste nuyt auec moy." Et il luy dist ainsi
+  co{m}me sil ne lauoit huy veu, "Qui estes vous, sire, q{u}i me auez
+  prie de me he[r]berger?" "Je suis gallehault, le sire de ces gens
+  icy, vers qui vous auez au iourdhuy gara{n}ty le royaulme de logres,
+  leq{ue}l ie eusse ia conquis se ne fust vostre corps." "Comme{n}t"
+  (fait il) "vous estes ennemy de monseigneur le roy artus, et me
+  priez de herberger? |
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot at first refuses, till Galiot agrees to do whatever
+Lancelot may require of him, and promises to entertain him sumptuously;]
+
+  Auec vo{us} ne herbergeray ie mie en ce point." "Haa sire," faict
+  gallehault, "plus feray ie pour vous, et si nay mye a commencer. Et
+  ie vous prie que vous y herbergiez par tel conuena{n}t que ie feray
+  tout ce que me scaurez requerre." A�tant se arresta le cheuallier,
+  et dist a gallehault; "Sire, vo{us} promettez assez | mais ie ne
+  scay co{m}ment il est du re{n}dre" | et gallehault luy dist.
+  "Sire, se vous he[r]bergez ennuyt auec moy, ie vous donneray tout ce
+  que vous oserez diuiser de bouche, et bien vo{us} en feray seur,"
+
+[Sidenote: whereupon they return together to Galiot's camp.]
+
+  Et lors luy fiance, & apres luy promet bailler bons plaiges; Ado{n}c
+  sen vo{n}t tous deux en lost.
+
+    [Footnote A35: Lines 3485, 6.]
+    [Footnote A36: Line 3487 _and last_.]
+    [Footnote A37: Compare lines 3365-3368.]
+    [Footnote A38: Lines 3369, 70.]
+    [Footnote A39: Compare lines 3391-3426.]
+    [Footnote A40: Compare line 1140.]
+    [Footnote A41: Compare lines 2845-8.]
+
+
+  � Comment gallehault suyuit le cheuallier aux noires armes,
+  et fist tant par belles parolles q{u}il le{m}mena en son ost, do{n}c
+  le roy artus & tous ses gens en furent moult troublez.
+
+[Sidenote: Gawain, seeing Lancelot with Galiot, tells the Queen that now
+they are all lost;]
+
+  ++MEssire gauuain auoyt veu aller le cheuallier au noir escu, & le
+  eust voulentiers suiuy sil eust peu mo{n}ter a cheual. Lors regarde
+  contre val la riuiere, et voit gallehault et le cheuallier noir qui
+  retournoyent pour venir a lost, et dist a la royne, "Haa dame, or
+  pouons nous bien dire que nous sommes gens perdus | regardez que
+  gallehault a conquis par scauoir," Et elle regarde, & voyt q{ue}
+  cest le cheuallier noir q{ue} gallehault emmaine; si en est tant
+  iree quelle ne peut dire mot.
+
+[Sidenote: and swoons away more than three times.]
+
+  Et messire gauuai{n} se pasme en pou dheure pl{us} de trois fois. Le
+  roi artus vint leans | et ouyt le cry q{ue} chascun disoit, "il est
+  mort, il est mort." Si vint a luy, et lembrassa, et commenca a
+  plorer mo{u}lt tendrement. Et reuient monseigneur Gauuain de
+  pasmoison;
+
+[Sidenote: He tells Arthur that his time of misfortune is come;]
+
+  Et quant il veit le roy artus, il commence a le blasmer, et dit.
+  "Ores est venu le terme que les clercz vous disrent.
+
+[Sidenote: for their protector is lost.]
+
+  Regardez le tresor que vous auez huy perdu. celluy vous toldra terre
+  qui toute iour la vous a garantie par son corps, et se vo{us}
+  fussiez preudhomme vous leussiez retenu, ainsi comme a fait le plus
+  preudhomme qui viue, qui par cy deuant lemmaine."
+
+[Sidenote: Arthur also sees Galiot, and is deeply grieved, but tries to
+comfort his nephew.]
+
+  Lors voit le roy gallehault, qui emmenoit le cheuallier, dont il a
+  tel dueil que a pou quil ne est cheut | mais de plorer ne se peut
+  tenir, et toutesfois faict il la plus belle chere q{u}il peut pour
+  son nepueu reconforter. Et si tost q{ue} il vit en la salle, il fist
+  gra{n}t dueil | aussi fist chascun preudhomme.
+
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot and Lancelot arrive at Galiot's camp, and Lancelot
+asks to speak with the two men whom Galiot most trusts.]
+
+  ++TAnt sont allez gallehault et le cheualier quilz sont venus empres
+  lost, Adonc luy dist le cheualier, "Sire, ains que ie entre dedans
+  vostre ost, faictes moi p{ar}ler aux deux pl{us} preudhommes que
+  vous ayez et esquelz vous fiez le plus." Et gallehault lottroye.
+  Lors sen va en son tref, et prent deux des hommes du mo{n}de ou plus
+  il se fie, et leur dist, "Venez auec moy et vous verrez le plus
+  riche homme du monde." "Comme{n}t," font ilz, "nestes vous mie le
+  plus riche qui soit au monde?"
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot takes him to the "first-conquest" king and the king of
+a hundred knights, and Lancelot repeats to them his compact with Galiot,
+and takes their pledge that they will forsake Galiot if he breaks his
+agreement, and will go with himself (Lancelot).]
+
+  "Nenny," dist il | "mais ie le seray ains que ie dorme." Ces deux
+  estoyent le roy premier conquis | et le roi des cent cheualliers.
+  Qua{n}t ilz virent le cheuallier, si lui firent moult grant ioye |
+  Car ilz le congneurent bien par ses armes. Et le cheuallier leur
+  demanda qui ilz estoient | et ilz se nommerent sicomme vous auez ouy
+  | et il leur dist. "Seigneurs, vostre sire vous faict moult grant
+  honneur | Car il dit que vous estes les deux hommes du monde que
+  plus il ayme, et entre luy et moy a vne conuenance que ie vueil que
+  vous oyez | Car il ma fiance que pour en nuyt herberger auec luy me
+  donnera ce que ie luy vouldray demander." Et gallehault dist | "vous
+  dictes verite." "Sire," faict le cheuallier, "ie vueil encores auoir
+  la seurte de ses hommes." Et gallehault dist, "Dictes moy
+  co{m}me{n}t." "Ilz me fianceront," fait le cheuallier, "q{ue} se
+  vous me faillez de co{n}uenant, ilz vous guerpiront et sen viendront
+  auec moy la ou ie diray," Et gallehault dit que ainsi le veult | et
+  il le fait fia{n}cer. Lors appella gallehault le roy premier
+  co{n}quis a vne part, et luy dist. "Allez auant & dictes a mes
+  barons quilz assemblent maintenant a monstre si honnorablement comme
+  ilz pourront, et gardez que en mon tref soient to{us} les deduys que
+  le{n} pourra trouuer en tout lost."
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot orders all kinds of entertainments to be brought to
+his tent.]
+
+  Lors sen va celluy au ferir des esperons, & fist le commandement de
+  son seigneur. Et gallehault tient le cheualier aux parolles, luy &
+  son seneschal, tant que le commandeme{n}t fust fait.
+
+[Sidenote: Twenty-eight kings, beside dukes and counts, come to the
+feast, and honour Lancelot as the flower of the knighthood of the
+world.]
+
+  Si ne demoura gueres que encontre eulx vindrent deux cens barons qui
+  tous estoient ho{m}mes de gallehault, .xxviii. roys, et les autres
+  estoient ducz et contes; la fut le cheuallier telleme{n}t honnoure
+  que oncques si grant feste ne fut pour vng homme mescongneu comme
+  le{n} fit pour luy a celle fois | et disoie{n}t grans & petis, "Bien
+  viengnez, la fleur de la cheualerie du monde" | et il en auoit grant
+  honte. Ainsi vindrent iusques au tref de gallehault, si ne
+  po{u}rroient estre comtez les deduys et les instrumens qui leans
+  estoient.
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot is richly attired, and nobly served.]
+
+  A telle ioye fut receu, et qua{n}t il fut desarme, gallehault luy
+  fit apporter vne robe mo{u}lt riche, et il la vestit. quant le
+  ma{n}ger fut prest, ilz se assirent a table, et furent noblement
+  seruis, et le cheualier fut mo{u}lt honnoure.
+
+
+[Sidenote: After supper four beds are prepared, one larger than the
+rest, for Lancelot.]
+
+  ++APres manger co{m}manda gallehault a faire quatre litz desquelz
+  lung estoit plus grant que les aultres. Quant les litz furent si
+  richeme{n}t atournez, gallehault maine le cheuallier coucher. Et
+  dist. "Sire, vous gerrez icy;" "Et qui gerra de la?" fait le
+  cheualier. "Quattre sergens," faict gallehault, "qui vous seruiront
+  | Et ie iray en vne chambre par dela, affin que vous soyez icy plus
+  en paix." "Haa, Sire, pour dieu," faict il, "ne me faictes gesir
+  plus ayse que ces aultres cheualiers | car tant ne me deuez a
+  vilennir." "Nayez garde," faict galehault, "Car ia pour chose que
+  vous faciez pour moi vo{us} ne serez tenu a villain."
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot awhile departs, and Lancelot falls asleep.]
+
+  A ta{n}t sen part gallehault. Et le cheuallier commence a penser au
+  grant honneur que gallehault luy faisoit. Si lenprise moult | puis
+  se coucha, et tantost il sendormit | car moult estoit las;
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot then returns, and lies near Lancelot, and hears how
+his guest murmurs in his sleep.]
+
+  Et qua{n}t gallehault sceut quil fut endormy, le plus coyement quil
+  peut se coucha en vng autre lit empres luy | et es deux aultres litz
+  se coucherent deux cheualiers, et nestoyent en la chambre que eulx
+  quatre, sans plus. La nuyt se plaint moult le cheualier en son
+  dormant, et gallehault loit bien, car il ne dormoit gueres. Ains
+  pensa toute la nuyt a le retenir.
+
+[Sidenote: Next day they go to hear mass, and Lancelot then demands his
+arms, wishing to depart.]
+
+  Lendemain le cheualier se leua et alla ouyr messe; et ia estoit
+  gallehault leue | car il ne voulut mie que le cheualier laperceust.
+  Quant ilz vindrent du monstier, le cheualier demanda ses armes, &
+  gallehault dema{n}de pourquoy. Et il dist quil sen vouloit aller. Et
+  gallehault luy dist. "Beau doulx amy, demourez | et ne cuydez mye
+  que ie vous vueille deceuoir. Car vous noserez ia riens dema{n}der
+  que vous nayez. Et sachez q{ue} vous pourriez bien auoir compagnie
+  de plus riche homme que ie suis | mais vous ne laurez iamais a homme
+  qui plus vous ayme." "Sire," faict le cheuallier, "ie demoureray
+  donc puis quil vous plaist.
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot induces him to stay, but again promises to do for him
+whatever he asks.]
+
+  Car meilleure compaignie que la vostre ne pourroye ie mye auoir |
+  Mais ie vous diray presenteme{n}t le don pourquoy ie demoureray auec
+  vous | et se ie ne lay, ie ny demoureray ia." "Sire," fait
+  gallehault, "dictes seurement et vous laurez, se cest chose que ie
+  puisse acomplir;"
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot then demands that Galiot shall submit himself to
+Arthur.]
+
+  Et le cheuallier appella ses deux plaiges et dist deuant eulx, "Je
+  vous demande," fait il, "q{ue} si tost que vous serez au dessus du
+  roy artus, que vous luy alliez crier mercy si tost comme ie vous en
+  semondray." Quant gallehault lentent, si en est tout esbahy, et
+  co{m}mence a penser. Et les deux roys luy dirent. "A�quoy pensez
+  vous icy endroit, de penser nauez mestier | car vous auez tant couru
+  que vous ne pouez retourner."
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot is confounded, and ponders, but then grants Lancelot's
+request.]
+
+  "Comment," faict Gallehault, "cuydez vous que ie me vueille repentir
+  | se tout le mo{n}de estoit mien si luy oseroye ie bien do{n}ner.
+  mais ie pensoye a vng seul mot quil a dit | mais ia dieu ne maist,"
+  dist il, "se vous nauez le don | car ie ne pourroye riens faire
+  po{u}r vous ou ie peusse auoir honte. Mais ie vous prye que ne me
+  tollez vostre compagnie pour la donner a aultruy;" et le cheualier
+  luy creanca. Ainsi demoura | et ilz se asseirent au manger qui
+  estoit appreste. Si font moult grant ioye par tout lost du cheualier
+  qui est demoure.
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot remains with him another night.]
+
+  Ainsi passerent celle nuyt. Lendemain gallehault et son compaignon
+  allerent ouyr messe, et gallehault luy deist | "Sire, il est huy
+  iour dassembler; voullez vous armes porter?" "Ouy," dist il. "donc
+  porterez vous les miennes," fait gallehault, "pour le commencement."
+  Et il dist quil les porteroit voulentiers | "mais vous ne porterez
+  armes," feist il a gallehault, "si non comme mon sergent?" "Non,"
+  dist il. Lors firent apporter les armes, & armerent le cheuallier du
+  fort haulbert, & des chausses qui trop estoyent longues & lees;
+
+[Sidenote: Next day, the hosts are again armed for battle.]
+
+  Lors se armerent les gens de gallehault. et pareillement les gens du
+  roy Artus, & passerent les lices de telz y eut. Touteffoys le roy
+  auoyt deffendu que nul ne les passast. Si y eut de bonnes ioustes en
+  pou dheure | si se assemblerent tous les ostz deuant la lice, &
+  commencerent a faire armes. Le roy artus estoit a son estandart, et
+  auoit commande que ilz menassent la royne a sauluete se la
+  descomfiture tournoit sur eulx | quant tous les ostz furent
+  assemblez et le bon cheualier fust arme, si cuida chascu{n} que ce
+  fust gallehault, & disoyent tous.
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot is at first mistaken for Galiot; but is recognized
+by Gawain.]
+
+  "Voicy gallehault, voicy gallehault" | messire gauuain le
+  co{n}gneust bien & dist. "Ce nest mye gallehault | ains est le
+  cheualier aux armes noires, le meilleur cheualier du mo{n}de" |
+
+[Sidenote: Arthur's men cannot stand against Lancelot.]
+
+  & si tost comme ilz furent assemblez, oncques ne se tint le roy
+  Artus ne ses ge{n}s depuis que le cheualier y fut arriue | et trop
+  se desco{n}fortoyent du bon cheualier q{u}i contre eulx estoit, si
+  fure{n}t menez iusques a la lice. car trop estoient grans gens auec
+  gallehault. au partir des lices ce tindrent vne piece et souffrirent
+  lo{n}gueme{n}t | mais le souffrit ny peut riens valoir. Grant fut le
+  meschief des gens au roy artus. et dit le compte q{ue} le cheualier
+  neust mie moins de peine de tenir les gens de gallehault que ilz ne
+  passassent oultre la lice quil auoit de chasser les gens au roy
+  Artus. Et nompourtant moult les auoit supportez | & il les eut mis
+  oultre a force sil eust voulu | mais il demoura emmy le pas pour les
+  aultres detenir.
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot calls upon Galiot to keep his compact.]
+
+  Lors regarda tout entour de luy, et commenca a hucher | "gallehault,
+  gallehault." et gallehault vient gra{n}t alleure, et dist. "bel amy,
+  que voulez vous?" "quoy," faict il, "ie vueil que mon conuenant me
+  tenez;" "Par ma foy," fait gallehault, "ie suis tout prest de
+  lacomplir puis quil vous plaist."
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot rides forward, and finds Arthur ready to kill himself
+for grief, the Queen being escorted away by a guard of forty knights,
+and Gawain wishing to die.]
+
+  Lors picque le cheual des esperons & vient iusques a lestandart ou
+  le roy artus estoit, q{u}i faisoit si tresgrant dueil que a peu quil
+  ne se occioit pource quil estoit desconfit. Si estoit ia la royne
+  mo{n}tee, et lemmenoyent quarante cheualliers. Et monseigneur
+  gauuain, que on vouloit emporter en lictiere | mais il dit q{u}il
+  aymeroit mieulx mourir en ce point que veoir toute cheualerie morte
+  et honnye: si se pasma tellement que len cuydoit bien que il mourust
+  incontinent.
+
+
+[Sidenote: How Lancelot makes Galiot cry mercy to Arthur.]
+
+  � Comment lancelot par la prouesse conquis tout, et fist
+  tant que galehault cria mercy au roy artus.
+
+  ++QVant le cheualier veit gallehault prest dacomplir son
+  co{n}uenant, il iura bien que oncques si loyal compaignon ne fut
+  trouue. Il en a telle pytie quil en souspire moult fort, & dit entre
+  ses dens.
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot demands to see King Arthur, and, at sight of him,
+dismounts, kneels to him, and submits himself to him humbly.]
+
+  "Haa dieu, q{u}i pourra ce desseruir?" & gallehault cheuauche
+  iusq{ue}s a lestandart et demande le roy artus. Il vient auant
+  mo{u}lt dolent & esmaye comme celluy q{u}i tout honneur et toute
+  ioye terrienne cuyde auoir perdue; Et quant gallehault le voit, si
+  luy dit. "sire, roy artus, venez auant, & nayez paour | car ie vueil
+  a vous parler." et qua{n}t le roy louyt, il sesmerueille moult que
+  ce peult estre; Et de si loing comme galehault le voit venir, il
+  descend de son cheual et se agenouille, et dit. "Sire, ie vous viens
+  faire droit de ce que ie vous ay meffait; si men repens, et me metz
+  en vostre mercy."
+
+
+[Sidenote: Arthur, overjoyed, praises God.]
+
+  ++QVant le roy lentend, il a merueilleusement gra{n}t ioye, et lieue
+  les mains vers le ciel, louant Dieu de ceste aduanture | et se le
+  roy fait bonne chere, encores la faict meilleure Gallehault. et il
+  se lieue de genoulx, & sentrebaisent, en font moult grande chere
+  lung a lautre. lors dist Gallehault | "sire, faictes vostre plaisir
+  de moy | car ie metz en vostre saisine mon corps pour en faire ce
+  que il vous plaira.
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot, first asking Arthur's leave, dismisses his troops to
+their tents.]
+
+  Et sil vo{us} plaist, ie yray retraire mes gens arriere, & puis
+  reuiendray a vous incontinent." "Allez doncq{ue}s," fait le roy |
+  "car ie vueil parler a vous." A�tant sen part gallehault & reuient a
+  ses gens | & les en faict aller. Et le roy enuoya apres la royne,
+  qui sen alloit faisant grand dueil. et les messages cheuauchent tant
+  que ilz lattaingnent | et sont venus a elle, & luy comptent la ioye
+  que aduenue leur est. Et elle ne le peult croire tant q{ue}lle voy
+  les enseignes que le roy luy enuoye. ta{n}t coururent les nouuelles
+  que monseign{eu}r gauuain le sceut, lequel en eut grant ioye sur
+  tous les aultres, et dist au roy.
+
+[Sidenote: The Queen and Sir Gawain rejoice greatly.]
+
+  "Sire, comment a ce este?" "Certes, ie ne scay," fait il: "mais ie
+  croy que telle a este le plaisir de nostre seigneur." moult est
+  grande la ioye, & moult se esmerueille chascun co{m}ment ce peult
+  estre aduenu. Gallehault dist a son compaignon. "que voulez vous que
+  ie face? iay fait vostre commandement; & le roy ma dit que ie
+  retourne | mais ie vous conuoyeray aua{n}t iusques a voz tentes."
+  "Haa sire," fait le cheualier, "aincoys vous irez au roy & luy
+  porterez le plus grant honneur que vous pourrez.
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot prays Galiot not to reveal where he is, and they
+return to their tents.]
+
+  Et tant auez fait pour moy que ie ne le pourroye desseruir | mais
+  tant vous prye, pour dieu | et pour lamour que vous auez a moy, que
+  nul ne sache ou ie suis" | ainsi sen vont parlant iusq{ue}s a leurs
+  tentes. chascun scait que la paix est faicte | mais plusie{ur}s en
+  sont dolens | car mieulx aymassent la guerre que la paix. lors sont
+  descenduz les deux compaignons, et si tost quilz furent desarmez,
+  Gallehault print vne de ses meilleures robbes pour aller a la court.
+  et feist cryer par tout son ost q{ue} chascun sen allast, fors tant
+  seullement ceulx de son hostel.
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot commits his guest to the care of the two kings, and
+departs to speak with Arthur.]
+
+  Apres appella les deux roys, et leur baille son compaignon, & leur
+  commande quilz facent autant de luy comme de son corps mesmes.
+  A�tant monte Gallehault, et sen va a la court du roy artus. Et le
+  roy luy vint alencontre, et la royne qui ia estoit retournee, & la
+  dame de malehault auec plusieurs dames & damoyselles.
+
+[Sidenote: Arthur and Galiot go together to the tower where Gawain lies
+ill.]
+
+  A tant vont en la bretesche ou monseigneur gauuain gisoit malade. et
+  quant il sceut que gallehault venoit, il sefforce de belle chere
+  faire, comme celluy qui oncques mes ne lauoit veu de si pres.
+
+[Sidenote: Gawain welcomes Galiot.]
+
+  lors luy dist | "bien soyez vous venu comme de celluy dont ie
+  desiroye moult lacointance | car vous estes lhomme du monde qui plus
+  doibt estre prise & ayme a droit de toutes gens. Et ie cuyde que nul
+  ne scait si bien congnoistre preudho{m}me co{m}me vous & bien y a
+  paru." Ainsi parle messire gauuain a gallehault, & il luy demande
+  comment il luy est | et Gauuain dist. "Jay este pres de mort. mais
+  la grant amour qui est entre vous & le roy ma guery."
+
+[Sidenote: The Queen, the King, and Gawain rejoice at Galiot's coming,
+but he, soon after, departs to see Lancelot for a short time, promising
+to return.]
+
+  Moult font grant ioye le roy artus & la royne & monseigneur gauuain
+  de la venue de gallehault | et tout le iour ont parle de amour et
+  daccointance. Mais du noir cheualier ne tiennent ilz nulles parolles
+  | ains passent le iour a resiouyr lung lautre ta{n}t quil vint au
+  vespre. Lors demande gallehault congie de ses gens aller veoir.
+  Et le roy le luy do{n}ne | "mais vous reuiendrez," fait il,
+  "inco{n}tinent;" et gallehault le luy octroye | si senreuient a son
+  compaignon & luy demande comment il a depuis fait | et il luy
+  respondit que bien; "Sire," fait gallehault, "comment feray ie |: le
+  roy ma moult prie que ie retourne a luy, & il me feroit mal de vous
+  laisser en ce point."
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot tells Galiot to do whatever Arthur wishes.]
+
+  "Haa, sire cheualier, po{u}r dieu mercy, vous ferez ce q{ue}
+  monseigneur le roy vouldra. car iamais a plus preudhomme que il est
+  ne eustes accointance. Mais ie vueil que vous me donnez vng don." Et
+  gallehault luy dist.
+
+[Sidenote: He charges Galiot again not to ask his name, but to tell him
+about Arthur.]
+
+  "Demandez ce quil vous plaira | car ie ne vous escondiroye iamais;"
+  "Sire," fait il, "ie vous remercye. Vous me auez donne que vous ne
+  me demanderez mon nom deuant q{ue} ie le vous diray." "Et ie men
+  tiendray a tant puis q{ue} vous le voulez," dit gallehault. "Et ne
+  doubtez pas que ce eust este la premiere chose que ie vous eusse
+  demande, si men tairay a tant." Lors luy demanda de laccointance du
+  roy artus | mais il ne no{m}me mie la royne | et gallehault dit que
+  "le roy est moult preudhomme, & moult me poyse que ie ne lay congneu
+  pieca | Car moult en feusse amende |
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot praises the Queen, and Lancelot sheds tears.]
+
+  mais ma dame la royne est sy vaillante que oncques plus honneste
+  dame ne vey." et quant le cheualier ouyt parler de la royne, si se
+  embronche et commence a souspirer durement. et gallehault le regarde
+  et se esmerueille moult pource q{ue} les larmes luy cheoyent des
+  yeulx, si commence a parler daultre chose.
+
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot asks Galiot to return to Arthur, and to report to
+him all the conversation.]
+
+  ++QVant ilz ont longuement parle ense{m}ble, le cheualier noir luy
+  dist. "Allez, si ferez a monseigneur le roy compaignie, et si
+  escoutez sy vouz orrez de moy nulles parolles, & vous me compterez
+  demain ce que vous aurez ouy." "Voulentiers, sire," faict gallehault
+  | lors le accolle, et dit aux roys. "Je vous baille en garde cest
+  homme comme le cueur de mon ventre." Ainsi sen va gallehault & le
+  cheuallier demeure en la garde de deux preu[d]hommes du pays de
+  Gallehault | mais il ne fault mye demander sil fust honnore | car
+  len faisoit assez plus pour luy quil neust voulu.
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot sleeps with the two kings in Galiot's tent;]
+
+  celle nuyt geurent les deux roys au tref gallehault pour lamour du
+  cheualier & luy firent entenda{n}t quilz ny coucheroye{n}t mye | &
+  ilz le firent coucher ainsi que Gallehault auoit fait lautre nuyt.
+
+[Sidenote: but awakes at midnight, and makes a great moaning.]
+
+  Au commencement dormit le cheualier mo{u}lt fort, et qua{n}t vint a
+  mynuit si comme{n}ca a soy tourner, et commenca a faire vng dueil si
+  gra{n}t que tous ceulz qui entour luy estoyent sen esueillerent. Et
+  en son refrain disoit souuent. "Haa chetif, que pourray ie faire?"
+  Et toute nuyt demena tel deuil. Au matin se leuerent les deux roys
+  le plus coyement quilz peurent | & moult se merueillent quil pouoit
+  auoir.
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot comes to see after Lancelot, finds him with his eyes
+red and swoln, and conjures him to tell him what the matter is.]
+
+  daultre part fut gallehault leue, & vint a son tref veoir son
+  compaignon. Il demande aux deux roys que son compaignon fait. Et ilz
+  luy dient quil auoit toute nuyt mene grant dueil. Lors entre en la
+  chambre ou il estoit, et si tost comme il le ouyt venir il essuye
+  ses yeulx; Ado{n}c gallehault, cuidant que il dormist, saillist
+  dehors de la cha{m}bre incontinent; apres le cheualier se leua.
+  Et gallehault vit que il auoit les yeulx rouges et enflez. Adonc le
+  prent par la main, et le tyre a part, et luy dist. "Beau doulx
+  compaignon, po{ur}quoy vous occiez vous ainsi? dont vous vient ce
+  dueil que vous auez toute nuyt demene, & le desplaisir que vous
+  auez? Je vous prye pour dieu que vous me diez la cause, et ie vous
+  ayderay se nul homme mortel y peult co{n}seil mettre;"
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot cries bitterly, and says that it is his heart, which
+has all the dread that it is possible for mortal heart to have.]
+
+  & commence a plourer si durement comme sil veist mort la chose du
+  mo{n}de que mieulx aymast. Lors est gallehault moult a malayse et
+  luy dit, "Beau doulx compaignon, dictes moy vostre mescheance | car
+  il nest nul homme au monde, sil vous auoit riens forfait, que ie nen
+  pourchassasse vostre droit." Et il dist que nul ne luy a riens
+  meffait. "beau doulx amy, pourquoy menez vous doncq{ue}s si gra{n}t
+  dueil? Vous poise il que ie vous ay fait mon maistre & mo{n}
+  compaignon?" "Haa," fait il, "vous auez assez plus fait pour moy que
+  ie ne pourroye desseruir, ne riens du mo{n}de ne me met a malaise
+  que mon cueur, qui a toute paour que cueur mortel po{u}rrait auoir.
+  Si doubte moult que vostre grant debonnairete ne me occie." De ceste
+  chose est gallehault moult a malayse, si reconforte son compaignon.
+
+[Sidenote: They go to Mass, and Lancelot declares his belief that the
+Bread is the Body of Christ.]
+
+  Apres allerent ouyr masse. Quant vint q{ue} le prestre eut fait
+  trois parties du corps de nostre seigneur, gallehault se trait
+  auant, et tient son compaignon par la main, & luy monstre le corps
+  de nostre seigneur que le prestre tenoit entre ses mains; Puis luy
+  dist. "doncques ne croyez vous pas bien que cest le corps de nostre
+  saulueur?" "Voirement le croy ie bien," fait le cheualier. Et
+  gallehault luy dist. "beau doulx amy, or ne me mescreez mye que ces
+  trois parties de chair que ie vois en semblance de pain, ia ne feray
+  en ma vie chose q{ue} ie cuyde q{u}i vous ennuye: mais toutes les
+  choses que ie scauray qui vous plairont, pourchasseray a mon
+  pouoir." "sire," fait il, "grant mercys."
+
+[Sidenote: After Mass, Lancelot bids Galiot go again to Arthur.]
+
+  A tant se taisent iusques apres la messe | et lors demanda
+  gallehault a son compaignon quil fera; "Sire," fait il, "vous ne
+  laisserez mie le roy en ce poi{n}t | ains yrez luy faire
+  compaignie." "Sire," faict il, "grant mercys;" A�tant sen part de
+  luy, si le rebaille aux preudhommes de la court du roy artus. si
+  fo{n}t de luy grant signeurie sicomme ilz peuent.
+
+
+[Sidenote: After dinner the King and Queen visit Gawain, and he asks
+Galiot who made peace between him and Arthur.]
+
+  ++ET quant vint apres disner, sy furent le roy & la royne &
+  gallehault appuyez au lict de messire gauuain, tant q{ue} messire
+  gauuain dist a gallehault. "Sire, or ne vous poise dune chose que ie
+  vous dema{n}deray." "Certes," fait galehault, "non fera il." "sire,
+  celle paix qui fut entre vous & mon oncle, par qui fut elle, par la
+  chose au monde q{u}i plus vous aymez?"
+
+[Sidenote: "A knight," says Galiot. "But what knight?" asks Gawain.]
+
+  "Sire," fait il, "vous me auez tant coniure que ie le vous diray.
+  Vng cheualier la fist." "Et qui est le cheualier?" fait messire
+  gauuain. "Si maist dieu," fait gallehault, "ie ne scay." "Qui fut
+  celluy aux noires armes?" deist messire gauuain. "Ce fut," fait il,
+  "vng cheualier;" "Tant," fait il, "en pouez vo{us} bien dire | mais
+  acquitter vous conuient." "Je me suis acquite de ce que me
+  coniurastes. Ne plus ne vous en diray ores | ne rien ne vous en
+  eusse ores dit, se vous ne me eussiez coniure."
+
+[Sidenote: "The Black Knight," answers the Queen; "show him to us."]
+
+  "Par dieu," faict la royne, "ce fut le cheuallier noir | mais
+  faictes le nous monstrer." "Qui | moy, dame?" faict gallehault, "ie
+  le vous puys bien monstrer sicomme celluy qui rie{n}s nen scait!"
+  "Taisez vous," fait la royne, "il est demoure auec vo{us}, & hier
+  porta voz armes."
+
+[Sidenote: "I cannot," says Galiot; "he is not from my country;"]
+
+  "Dame," fait il | "il est vray | mais ie ne le vys oncques puis que
+  ie party du roy a la premiere fois." "comment," fait le roy, "ne le
+  cognoissiez vous mye | ie cuydoye que il fust de vostre terre." "Si
+  maist dieu, non est," fait gallehault. "certes," fait le roy, "ne de
+  la myenne non est il mye." |
+
+[Sidenote: and Galiot will not disclose the knight's name, but asks
+Arthur if he ever saw a better knight, and what he would give to know
+him henceforth.]
+
+  Moult tindrent longuement gallehault a parolle le roy et la royne
+  pour auoir le nom du cheualier | mais plus nen peurent traire. et
+  messire gauuain craint quil ne ennuye a gallehault, si dist au roy.
+  "Or en laissez a tant le parler. certes le cheualier est preudhomme,
+  & pleust a dieu que ie luy ressemblasse." Moult loe messire gauuain
+  le cheualier. Si en ont la parolle laissee | et gallehault la
+  recommence et dit. "Sire, veistes vous oncques meilleur cheuallier
+  que celluy au noir escu?" "certes," fait le roy, "ie ne vy oncques
+  cheualier de qui ie aymasse mieulx laccointance po{u}r cheualerie;"
+  "Non," | fait gallehault. "Or me dictes," faict gallehault, "par la
+  foy que vous deuez a ma dame q{u}i cy est, combien vous vouldriez
+  auoir donne pour auoir son accointance a tousioursmais?"
+
+[Sidenote: "Half of all I have, except my wife," Says Arthur.]
+
+  "Si maist dieu," faict il, "ie luy partiroye la moytie de tout ce
+  que ie po{u}rroye auoir, fors seullement de ceste dame." "Certes,"
+  fait gallehault, "assez y mettriez.
+
+[Sidenote: "And what would you give, Gawain?"]
+
+  Et vous, messire gauuain, se dieu vous doint sante que tant desirez,
+  quel meschief en feriez vous pour auoir compaignie a si preudhomme?"
+  Et qua{n}t messire gauuain lot, si pense vng petit comme celluy qui
+  ne cuyde iamais auoir sante.
+
+[Sidenote: "I should like to turn woman if he would love me all his
+life."]
+
+  "Se dieu me donnoit la sante que ie desire | ie vouldroye
+  ore{n}droit estre vne des plus belles dames du monde, par conuenant
+  quil me aymast to{us} les iours de sa vie." "par ma foy," fait
+  gallehault, "assez y auez mis." "Et vous, madame, quel meschef
+  feriez vous par conuena{n}t que vng tel cheualier fust tousiours en
+  vostre seruice?"
+
+[Sidenote: "I can offer no more than Gawain," says the Queen.]
+
+  "par dieu," fait elle, "messire gauuain y a mis toutes les offres
+  que dame y peult mettre." Et mo{n}seigneur gauuain & tous aultres se
+  commencerent a rire. "Gallehault," fait messire gauuain, "qui tous
+  nous auez adiurez par le serment que ie vous co{n}iuray, ores qui
+  vouldriez vous y auoir mys?"
+
+[Sidenote: "Well," says Galiot, "I would turn all my honour into shame,
+for his sake."]
+
+  "Si maist dieu," faict gallehault, "ie y vouldroye auoir tourne mon
+  honneur a honte, par tel si q{ue} ieusse a tousioursmais vng si bon
+  cheualier en ma compaignie." "Sy maist dieu," faict messire gauuain,
+  "plus y auez mys que nous."
+
+[Sidenote: So Gawain concludes that it was the Black Knight who brought
+about the peace.]
+
+  et lors se pensa messire gauuain que cestoit le noir cheualier qui
+  le paix auoit faicte | car pour luy auoit tourne son honneur a
+  honte, quant il veit quil estoyt au dessus. Et le dist gauuain a la
+  royne, & se fut la cause do{n}t gallehault fut plus prise; Moult
+  tindrent longuement parolles du cheualier.
+
+[Sidenote: The Queen walks away with Galiot, tells him she loves him
+much, and prays him to let her see the Black Knight.]
+
+  et la royne sadressa, et dist quelle sen voulloit aller vers la
+  bretesche pour veoir les prez, et gallehault la conuoye: si le print
+  la royne par la main & luy dist. "Gallehault, ie vous ayme moult, &
+  il est vray que vous auez le cheualier en vostre baillie, & par
+  aduenture il est tel que ie le congnois bien; si vous prie si cher
+  que vous auez mamour, que vous faciez tant que ie le voye." "Dame,"
+  fait gallehault, "ie nen ay encores nulle saisine | & ne le vy puis
+  que la paix fut faicte de moy & du roy.
+
+[Sidenote: He promises to do all he can for her;]
+
+  Et se il estoit or en mon tref, si y conuiendroit il aultre voulente
+  q{ue} le vostre & que la mienne. Et bien saichez que tant me auez
+  coniure q{ue} ie mettray tout le pouoir que ie pourray. co{m}ment
+  vous pourrez parler a luy?"
+
+[Sidenote: and the Queen says, "I shall be sure to see him if you try,
+for he is in your custody. Send and get him."]
+
+  "se vous en faictes vostre pouoir," fait elle, "ie le verray bien, &
+  ie men attens a vous, et faictes tant que ie soye vostre a
+  tousiours: car cest vng des hommes du monde que ie verroye plus
+  voulentiers." "Dame," fait il, "ie en feray mon pouoir." "Grant
+  mercys," fait elle. "Or gardez que ie le voye au plus tost que vous
+  pourrez | car il est en vostre baillie, ie le scay bien | et se il
+  est en vostre terre, enuoyez le querre." Atant sen part gallehault &
+  sen vient au roy.
+
+[Sidenote: Arthur wishes Galiot's people and his own to be brought
+nearer to one another.]
+
+  Et mo{n}seigneur gauuain & le roy lui dient. "gallehault, ie suis
+  deliure de mes gens, ores faictes approcher voz ge{n}s des nostres,
+  ou ie feray approcher les nostres des vostres | Car nous sommes a
+  priuee mesgnie." "Sire," faict gallehault, "ie feray approcher les
+  miens daultre part de cest riuiere si que mon tref sera endroit le
+  vostre, et sera vne nef appareillee en quoy nous passerons dicy la
+  et de la icy." "Certes," fait le roy, "moult auez bien dit."
+
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot returns to Lancelot, tells him what the King, Gawain,
+and the Queen have said of him, and asks him what answer he shall give
+the Queen.]
+
+  ++LOrs sen va Gaillehault en sa tente, et trouue son compaignon
+  mo{u}lt pensif. Il luy demande co{m}ment il a puis fait; Et il dist,
+  "bien, se paour ne me mestriast." et gallehault dist, "de quoy auez
+  vous telle paour?" "que ie ne soye co{n}gneu," dist il. "or nen ayez
+  mie paour, car vous ny serez ia congneu, se vostre voulente ne y
+  est;" Lors luy compte les offres que le roy et messire gauuain ont
+  faict pour luy, et ce que la royne dit | et comment la royne la tenu
+  a grant parlement de le veoir | et comme il luy respondit. "et
+  saichez que elle na de nully si tres grant desir de veoir comme de
+  vous. Et mo{n}seigneur la Roy ma prye que ie face mes gens approcher
+  | car nous sommes trop loing lung de lautre. Or me dictes que vous
+  voulez que je face | car il est en vostre plaisir." "Je loue que
+  vous facez ce que monseign{eu}r le roy vous prye;" "Et a ma dame que
+  respondray ie, beau doulx amy?" "Certes," fait il, "ie ne scay."
+  Lors commence a souspirer.
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot sighs, and says, "Whatever you advise."]
+
+  Et gallehault luy deist. "Beau doulx amy, ne vous esmayez point |
+  mais dictes moy comment vous voulez quil soit | car bien saichez
+  quil sera ainsi comme vous vouldrez | et ie aymeroye mieulx estre
+  courrouce a la moytie du monde que a vous tout seul. ores me dictes
+  quil vous en plaist." "Sire," faict ledit cheualier, "ce que vous me
+  louerez | car ie suis en vostre garde desormais."
+
+[Sidenote: "There will be no harm in seeing her," answers Galiot.]
+
+  "Certes," fait gallehault, "il me semble que pour veoir ma dame la
+  royne il ne vous peult empyrer."
+
+[Sidenote: Lancelot says the matter must be managed secretly; and they
+agree that Galiot shall tell the Queen he has sent to seek for
+Lancelot.]
+
+  Lors apperceut galehault assez de son penser, & le tient si court
+  quil luy octroye ce quil demande | "mais il conuiendra," faict il,
+  "que il soyt faict celeement, que nul ne le saiche | fors moy et
+  vous." Et gallehault dit que il ne se soulcye point. "Or dictes,"
+  (fait le cheualier a gallehault,) "a�ma dame que vous me auez enuoye
+  querre." "Sur moy en laissez le surplus," dit Gallehault. Lors sen
+  part a tant, et commanda ses trefz a tendre la ou il auoit en
+  conuenant au roy | et son seneschal fist son commandement.
+
+
+[Sidenote: How Guinevere and Lancelot meet and talk.]
+
+  � Comment gallehault fist tant que la royne veit Lancelot,
+  Et comment ilz se araisonnerent ensemble, et parlerent de plusieurs
+  choses.
+
+[Sidenote: The Queen asks Galiot what he has done for her.]
+
+  ++A Tant sen partit gallehault & sen vient au tref du roy, & si tost
+  comme la royne le voit, si luy courut a lencontre, & luy dema{n}de
+  comment il auoit exploycte la besongne. "dame," faict il, "ie en ay
+  fait tant que ie craing que lamour de vostre pryere ne me tolle la
+  chose du monde que ie ayme plus." "Sy maist dieu," faict elle, "vous
+  ne perderez riens par moy que ie ne vous rende ou double | mais que
+  y pouez vo{us}," fait elle, "perdre?" "Celluy mesmes que vous
+  demandez," fait gallehault | "Car ie doubte quil ne se courrouce, et
+  que ie ne le perde a tousiours." "Certes," faict elle, "ce ne
+  pourray ie pas rendre | mais ia par moy ne le perderez, se dieu
+  plaist. Et touteffoys dictes moy quant il viendra" |
+
+[Sidenote: "Sent to seek for your knight," says he.]
+
+  "dame," fait il, "quant il pourra | car ie lay enuoye querre, et
+  croy que il ne demourra mye longuement." De leur conseil entendit
+  ung peu la dame de mallehault qui sen prenoit garde et nen faisoit
+  mye semblant.
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot returns to his men, and tells his Seneschal to bring
+Lancelot when he sends for him.]
+
+  Lors sen partit gallehault et vient a ses gens qui estoyent logez la
+  ou il auoit commande.
+
+
+  ++QVant il fut descendu, il parla a son Seneschal et luy deist |
+  "quant ie vous enuoyeray querir, venez a moy, vous & mon compaignon
+  en ce lieu la." Et le roy des cent cheualiers, qui son seneschal
+  estoit, dist que mo{u}lt voulentiers feroit son commandement & son
+  plaisir.
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot then goes back to the Queen, says he thinks she will
+see her knight that evening, and appoints to meet her in an Orchard
+below.]
+
+  Lors salua Gallehault son compaignon, et sen retourna a la court. Et
+  quant la royne veit gallehault qui estoit venu, elle luy dist que il
+  gardast bien et loyaulment ce quil luy auoit promis. Et il luy dist
+  | "dame, ie cuyde que vous verrez ennuyt ce que vous auez tant
+  desire." Quant elle ouyt ce, si en fut moult ioyeuse, et moult luy
+  ennuya ce iour pour sa voulente acomplir du desir q{ue} elle auoit
+  de parler a celuy ou toutes ses pensees estoyent. Lors luy deist
+  Gallehault, "nous yrons apres soupper en ce vergier la aual" | et
+  elle luy octroye.
+
+[Sidenote: After supper the Queen goes to the Orchard, and Galiot sends
+for his Seneschal and the Knight, who come.]
+
+  Quant ce vint apres souper, si appelle la royne | la dame de
+  mallehault | et dame Lore de cardueil, une sienne pucelle, et sen
+  vont tout droit la ou gallehault auoyt dit | et gallehault prent ung
+  escuyer et luy dist. "Va et dy a mon seneschal que il viengne la ou
+  ie luy commanday." Et celuy y va. Apres ne demoura guaires que le
+  seneschal y vint, luy et le cheualier. Ilz estoye{n}t tous deux de
+  grant beaulte; Quant ilz approchere{n}t, si congneut la dame de
+  mallehault le cheualier comme celluy que elle auoyt eu maint iour en
+  sa baillie. Et pource quelle ne vouloit mye que il la congneut, se
+  embroncha, et ilz passent oultre. le seneschal les salue. Et
+  gallehault dit a la royne. "Dame, lequel vous semble il que se
+  soit?" | et elle dit.
+
+[Sidenote: The Queen at first cannot think that either is the black
+knight, but one is so bashful that she fixes on him, seats him by her,
+smiles on him, says she has so longed to see him, and now he must tell
+her who he is. "I don't know," he answers.]
+
+  "Certes, ilz sont tous deux beaulx cheualliers | mais ie ne voy
+  corps ou il puisse auoir tant de prouesse que le noir cheualier
+  auoit." "or saichez, dame, que cest lung de ces deux" | a tant sont
+  venuz auant, et le cheuallier tremble si que a peine peult saluer la
+  royne, & la royne sen esmerueille. lors se agenouillent eulx deux,
+  et le cheualier la salue | mais cest moult pourement | car moult
+  estoit honteux. Lors se pense la royne que cest il. Et gallehault
+  dit au seneschal. "allez, si faictes a ces dames compaignie." Et
+  celluy fait ce que son sire luy comma{n}de. A doncq{ue}s la royne
+  prent le cheualier par la main & le assiet iouxte elle. Sy luy fait
+  moult beau semblant & dit en riant. "Sire, moult vo{us} auons
+  desire, tant que, dieu mercy et gallehault, vous voyons. et
+  nonpourtant encores ne croy ie mye que ce soit celluy que ie demande
+  | & gallehault ma dit que cestes vous | & encores vouldroye scauoir
+  qui vous estes par vostre bouche mesmes, se vostre plaisir y
+  estoit." Et celuy dit que il ne scait | et oncques ne la regarda au
+  visaige. Et la royne ce esmerueille que il peult auoir, tant quelle
+  souspeconne une partie de ce quil a.
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot leaves the two to themselves, and the Queen asks the
+knight, "Are not you he who wore the black armour, and overcame
+everyone?"]
+
+  Et gallehault, qui le voigt si honteux, pense quil veult dire a la
+  royne son penser seul a seul. lors sen vient messire gauuain celle
+  part, et fait rasseoir les damoyselles pour ce que leuees sestoient
+  encontre luy. Puis commence{n}t a parler de maintes choses. Et la
+  Royne dit au cheuallier, "Beau sire, pourquoy vous celez vous de
+  moy? Certes il ne y a cause pourquoy; nestes vo{us} mie celluy qui
+  porta les noires armes, et qui vainquist lassemblee?" "Dame, nenny"
+  | "et nestes vous pas celluy qui porta lendemain les armes a
+  gallehault?" "Dame, ouy;" "Do{n}c estes vous celluy qui vainquistes
+  lassemblee qui fut faicte le premier iour par deuer{s} nous et
+  par[A42] deuers Gallehault?"
+
+[Sidenote: "No, I am not," saith he, refusing to praise himself.]
+
+  "Dame, non suis." Quant la royne ot ainsi parler le cheualier, a
+  donc appercoit elle bien quil ne veult mie congnoistre quil eust
+  vaincue lassemblee, si len prise mieulx la royne | car quant vng
+  homme se loe luy mesmes, il tourne son honneur a honte | et quant
+  aultruy le loe, adonc il est mieulx prise.
+
+[Sidenote: "Then who made you a knight, and when?"]
+
+  "Or me dictes," fait la royne a lancelot | "q{ui} vous fist
+  cheuallier?" "Dame," fait il, "vous;" "Moy?" fait elle, "Et quant?"
+
+[Sidenote: "You, at Kamalot, when the pieces of a spear were drawn out
+of the wounded knight, and you girded on my sword, thus knighting me,
+and I went away to help the Lady of Noehault, and sent you two damsels.]
+
+  "Dame," fait il, "vous remembrez vous point quant vng cheuallier
+  vint a Kamalot, lequel estoyt naure de deux troncons de lance au
+  corps, et dune espee parmy la teste, et que vng varlet vi{n}t a
+  co{ur}t en vng vendredy, et fut cheualier le dymenche, et deffera le
+  cheuallier?" "De ce," fait elle, "me souient il bien | et se dieu
+  vous aist, feustes vous ce q{ue} la dame du lac amena en court vestu
+  dune robe blanche?" "Dame, ouy." "Et pourquoy dictes vous donc que
+  ie vous fis cheuallier?" "Dame," fait il, "ie dys vray | Car la
+  coustume est telle que nul ne peut estre cheuallier sans ceindre
+  espee. Et celluy de qui il tient lespee, le faict cheuallier; de
+  vous la tiens ie. Car le roy ne la me donna onques. Pour ce dis ie
+  que vous me feistes cheualier." De ce est la royne mo{u}lt ioyeuse |
+  "ou vous en allastes vous au partir de co{ur}t?" "Dame, ie men allay
+  pour secourir la dame de noehault;" "Et durant ce temps me mandastes
+  vous riens?" "Dame, ouy | ie vo{us} enuoyay peux pucelles." "Il est
+  vray," dist la royne. "Et quant vous partistes de noehault,
+  trouuastes vous nul cheuallier qui se reclamast de moy?"
+
+[Sidenote: Then I met a man, who said he was your knight, and I fought
+him (for which I crave your pardon).]
+
+  "Dame, ouy; vng qui gardoit vng gue, et me dist que descendisse de
+  dessus mon cheual et le vouloit auoir, et ie luy demanday a qui il
+  estoit | et il dist a vous. Puis luy demanday apres, qui le
+  commandoyt. Et il me dist quil nauoyt nul commandement que le
+  sie{n}. Et adoncques remys le pied en lestrief et remontay |
+  Car ie estoye ia descendu | et luy dis que il ne lauoyt point, et me
+  combatis a luy. Et ie scay bien que ie vous fis oultraige, si vous
+  en crie mercy" | "Certes a moy ne en feistes vous point | Car il
+  nestoyt mye a moy | et luy sceuz mauluais gre de ce quil ce reclama
+  de moy. Mais or me dictes on vous en allastes la?"
+
+[Sidenote: After that I took the Sorrowful Castle, and there I saw you
+thrice, last when you thought you had lost Gawain and his companions,
+and I helped to deliver him from prison."]
+
+  "Dame, ie men allay a la douloureuse garde" | "& qui la conquist?"
+  "Dame, ie y entray" | "et ne vous y viz ie oncques." "Ouy, plus de
+  troys foys." "Et en quel temps?" fist elle. "Dame," fist il, "vng
+  iour que ie vous demanday se vous vouliez leans entrer; Et vous
+  deistes ouy | et estiez moult esbahye par semblant." "Et quel escu
+  portiez vo{us}?" "Dame, ie portay a la premiere foys vng escu blanc
+  a vne bande de belif vermeille. Et lautre foys vng ou il y auoyt
+  deux bendes" | "Et vous vys ie plus?" "Ouy, la nuyt que vous cuidiez
+  auoir perdu messire Gauuain et ses co{m}paignons, et que les gens
+  cryoyent que le{n} me prenist; Je vins hors a tout mon escu a troys
+  bendes." "Certes," faict elle, "ce poise moy | car se on vous eust
+  detenu, tous les enchantements feussent demourez | Mais or me
+  dictes, fustes vous ce qui iettastes messire Gauain de prison?"
+  "Dame, ie y ayday a mon pouoir." "Certes," faict elle, "en toutes
+  les choses q{ue} vous me dictes ie nay trouue si non verite.
+
+[Sidenote: The Queen asks the knight who was in the turret above his
+room there.]
+
+  Mais or me dictes qui estoit en vne tournelle dessus la chambre
+  monseigneur."
+
+[Sidenote: "A damsel whom I never dishonoured, but I asked her not to
+leave till she saw my messenger or me, which I then forgot, and kept her
+there a very long time."]
+
+  "Dame, cestoyt vne pucelle que ie ne villennay oncques | Car ma dame
+  du lac la me auoyt enuoyee | si me trouua en ceste tournelle | il
+  fut assez qui la honnora pour moy. Quant ie ouy nouuelles de
+  monseigneur Gauuain, si en fut mo{u}lt angoisseux, et men party de
+  la Damoyselle qui auecques moy debuoit venir, et luy priay que elle
+  ne se remuast tant que elle eust mon messaige ou moy. Si fus si
+  surprins de tresgrant affaire que ie loubliay | et elle fut plus
+  loyalle uers moy que ie ne fus courtois vers elle | car oncques ne
+  se remua iusques a ce q{ue}lle eut mes enseignes, et ce fut grant
+  piece apres."
+
+    [Footnote A42: The original has _pat_.]
+
+
+[Sidenote: How the Queen knew Lancelot.]
+
+  Comment la royne congneut Lancelot apres q{u}il eut lo{n}guement
+  parle a elle, et q{u}il luy eut compte de ses adue{n}tures. Et
+  comment la premiere acointance fut faicte entre lancelot et la royne
+  genieure par le moyen de gallehault.
+
+[Sidenote: When she heard of this damsel the Queen knew it must be
+Lancelot, and asks him if he was the knight whom Daguenet took.]
+
+  ++QVant la royne eut parle de la damoiselle, si scait bien q{ue}
+  cest La{n}celot. Si luy enquist de toutes les choses q{ue}lle auoit
+  ouy de luy, et de toutes le trouua vray disa{n}t; "Or me dictes,"
+  fait elle, "vous vy ie puis?"
+
+[Sidenote: He answers "Yes;" and that two rascals killed his horse, and
+Ywain gave him another.]
+
+  "Ouy, dame, telle heure que vo{us} me eustes bie{n} mestier | car
+  ieusse este noye a kamalot se ne eussiez vous este." "Comment!
+  feustes vous celluy que daguenet le fol print?" "Dame, prins fus ie
+  sans faulte." "Et ou alliez vous?" "Dame, ie alloye apres vng
+  cheuallier." "Et vous combatistes vous a luy" | "dame, ouy." "Et
+  dillec ou allastes vous?" "Dame, ie trouuay deux grans villains que
+  me occirent mo{n} cheual | mais messire yuain, qui bonne aduenture
+  ayt, men donna vng."
+
+[Sidenote: "Ah, then your name is Lancelot," says she, "and for what
+lady or damsel did you do such feats of arms the day before yesterday?"]
+
+  "Ha, ha," fait elle, "ie scay bien qui vous estes; Vous auez nom
+  lancelot du lac." Il se taist. "Par dieu," faict elle, "pourneant le
+  celez | long temps a que messire Gauuain apporta nouuelles de vostre
+  nom a co{ur}t;" Lors luy compta comment messire yuain auoit compte
+  que la damoyselle auoit dit | cest la tierce. "Et anten quelles
+  armes portastes vous?" "Vnes vermeilles." "Par mo{n} chef cest
+  verite. Et auant hier pourquoy feistes vo{u}s tant darmes comme vous
+  feistes?" Et il commenca a souspirer. "Dictes moy seurement | Car ie
+  scay bien que pour aulcune dame ou damoyselle le feistes vous, et me
+  dictes qui elle est, par la foy que vous me deuez."
+
+[Sidenote: "For you, Lady; and for you I broke the three lances that
+your maiden brought me for you had made me your _friend_, and said I was
+your knight in all lands, and bid me adieu as your own sweet friend.]
+
+  "Haa, dame, ie voy bien quil le me conuient dire, cestes vo{us}."
+  "Moy?" faict elle. "Voire, dame." "Pour moy ne ro{m}pistes vous pas
+  les troys lances que ma pucelle vous porta?" "Car ie me mis bien
+  hors du mandement, dame; ie fis pour elle ce q{ue} ie deuz, et pour
+  vous ce que ie peux." "Et combien a il que vous me aymez tant?" "Des
+  le iour que ie fus tenu pour cheuallier, et ie ne lestoye mye" |
+  "Par la foy que vous me deuez, dont vindrent ces amours que vous
+  auez en moy mises?" "dame," fait il, "vous le me feistes faire qui
+  de moy feistes vostre amy, se vostre bouche ne me a me{n}ty." "Mon
+  amy!" faict elle, "comment?" "Dame," fait il, "ie vins deuant vous
+  quant ie eu prins congie monseigneur le roy | si vous commanday a
+  dieu, et dis que ie estoye vostre cheuallier en tous lieux. Et vous
+  me dictes que vostre amy et vostre cheuallier voulliez vous que ie
+  feusse. Et ie dys, "a�dieu! dame." Et vous distes "a�dieu! mon beau
+  doulx amy!"
+
+[Sidenote: That word has never left me, but always been my strength and
+wealth."]
+
+  Ce fut le mot qui preudhomme me fera, se ie le suis, ne oncques puis
+  ne fus a si grant meschef que il ne men remembrast. Ce mot ma
+  conforte en to{us} mes ennuys. Cest mot ma de tous maulx guary. Cest
+  mot ma fait riche en mes pouretez;" "Par ma foy," fait la royne, "ce
+  mot fut en bo{n}ne heure dict | et dieu en soyt aoure | ne ie ne le
+  prenoye pas acertes comme vous feistes, et a maint preudhomme ay ie
+  ce dict ou ie ne pensay oncques riens que le dire.
+
+[Sidenote: "Oh, but that was only an ordinary compliment," says
+Guinevere, to tease him.]
+
+  Mais la coustume est telle des cheualliers que font a mainte dame
+  semblant de telles choses dont a gueres ne leur est au cueur." Et ce
+  disoit elle po{ur} veoir de combien elle le pourroit mettre en
+  malaise;
+
+[Sidenote: This grieves Lancelot so that he nearly faints, at which
+Galiot is greatly grieved, tells the Queen that Lancelot is the
+gallantest and truest of men, and prays her to have mercy on him.]
+
+  Car elle veoit bien quil ne pretendoit a autre amour que a la sienne
+  | mais elle se delectoyt a sa malaisete veoir, et il eut si grant
+  angoisse que par vng pou q{u}il ne se pasma | & la royne eut paour
+  quil ne cheist, si appella gallehault, et il y vint acourant. Quant
+  il voyt q{ue} son compaigno{n} est si courrouce, si en a si gra{n}t
+  angoisse q{ue} plus ne peut. "Haa, dame," fait gallehault, "vous le
+  nous pourrez bien tollir, et ce seroit trop grand do{m}maige."
+  "Certes, sire, se seroit mo{n};" "Et ne scauez vous pour qui il a
+  tant fait darmes?" faict gallehault. "Certes, nenny," faict elle |
+  "mais, se il est veoir ce qui ma este dict, cest pour moy;" "Dame,
+  se maist dieu, bien len pouez croire | car aussi comme il est le
+  plus preudho{m}me de tous les hommes | aussi est son cueur plus vray
+  que tous aultres." "Voireme{n}t," fait elle, "diriez vous quil
+  seroit preudhomme se vous scauiez quil a fait darmes puis quil fut
+  cheuallier." Lors luy compte tout ainsi co{m}ment vous auez ouy |
+  "et saichez quil a ce faict seullement pour moy," fait elle. Lors
+  luy prie gallehault, & dist. "Pour dieu, dame, ayez de luy mercy, et
+  faictes pour moy ainsi comme ie fis pour vous quant vous men
+  priastes."
+
+[Sidenote: "What mercy?" says she;]
+
+  "Quelle mercy voulez vous que ien aye?" "Dame, vous scauez que ie
+  vous ayme sur toutes, et il a fait po{u}r vous plus que oncques
+  cheualier ne fist po{u}r dame, et sachez que la paix de moy et de
+  monseign{eu}r neust ia este faicte se neust il este."
+
+[Sidenote: "there is nothing he can ask of me that I will not do; but he
+will not ask."]
+
+  "Certes," faict elle, "il a plus faict pour moy que ne pourroye
+  desseruir, ne il ne me pourroyt chose requerre dont ie le peuisse
+  esconduyre | mais il ne me requiert de riens | ains est tant
+  melencolieux que merueilles." "Dame," fait gallehault, "auez en
+  mercy; il est celluy qui vo{us} ayme plus que soy mesmes. Si maist
+  dieu, ie ne scauoye riens de sa voulente quant il vint, fors quil
+  doubtoit de estre congneu, ne oncques plus ne men descouurit." "Je
+  en auray," fait elle, "telle mercy comme vous vouldrez." "Dame, vous
+  auez fait ce que ie vous ay requis; aussi doy ie bien faire ce q{ue}
+  vous me requerez." Se dit la royne, "il ne me requiert de riens."
+
+[Sidenote: "He does not dare," answers Galiot, "but I will ask for
+him."]
+
+  "Certes, dame," fait gallehault, "il ne ose | car le{n} ne aymera ia
+  riens par amo{ur}s que len ne craigne | mais ie vous en prie pour
+  luy, & se ie ne vous en priasse, si le deussiez vo{us} pourchasser.
+  Car plus riche tresor ne pourriez vous conquester."
+
+[Sidenote: "Then I will grant it," says Queen Guinevere. Galiot prays
+her to give Lancelot her love, and become his loyal lady all her life.]
+
+  "Certes," fait elle, "ie le scay bien et ie en feray tout ce que
+  vous commanderez." "Dame," fait Gallehault, "grant mercy. Je vous
+  prie que vous luy donnez vostre amour, et le retenez pour vostre
+  cheuallier a tousiours, et deuenez sa loyalle dame toute vostre vie
+  | et vous le aurez fait plus riche que se vo{us} luy auiez donne
+  tout le monde."
+
+[Sidenote: She promises to be Lancelot's, and that she will do
+everything she is told.]
+
+  "Certes," faict elle, "ie luy ottroye que il soyt mien | et moy
+  toute sienne, et que par vous soyent amendez tous les meffaitz."
+  "Dame," faict Gallehault, "grant mercy. Or conuient il commencement
+  de seruice;" "Vous ne deuiserez riens," fait la royne, "que ie ne
+  face."
+
+[Sidenote: "Then kiss Lancelot before me," says Galiot.]
+
+  "Dame," faict il, "grant mercy | donc baisez le deuant moy pour
+  commencement de vrayes amours."
+
+[Sidenote: This Guinevere agrees to do, if Lancelot wishes it.]
+
+  "Du baiser," faict elle, "ie ne voy ne lieu ne temps | et ne doubtez
+  pas," faict elle, "que ie ne le voulsisse faire aussi voullentiers
+  quil feroit | mais ces dames sont cy qui mo{u}lt se merueillent
+  q{ue} no{us} auons tant fait, si ne po{ur}royt estre que ilz ne le
+  vissent. Nompourtant, se il veult, ie le baiseray voullentiers." Et
+  il en est si ioyeulx que il ne peult respondre si non tant quil
+  dict.
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot says there is no doubt about Lancelot's wish;]
+
+  "Dame," faict il, "grant mercy" | "dame," faict Gallehault, "de son
+  vouloir nen doubtez ia | Car il est tout vostre, bien le saichez, ne
+  ia nul ne sen apperceuera; Nous troys serons ensemble ainsi comme se
+  nous conseillions" | "Dequoy me feroye ie pryer" | faict elle |
+  "plus le vueil ie que vous." Lors se trayent a part, et font
+  semblant de conseiller.
+
+[Sidenote: and as he is bashful, the Queen takes him by the chin, and
+kisses him before Galiot. (The Lady of Mallehault sees her.)]
+
+  La Royne voyt que le cheuallier nen ose plus faire, si le prent par
+  le menton, et baise deuant Gallehault assez longuement. Et la dame
+  de Mallehauli (_sic_) sceut de vray que elle le baisoyt. Lors parla
+  la Royne qui moult estoyt sage & vaillant dame.
+
+[Sidenote: Guinevere tells Lancelot that she is his, but charges him to
+keep the matter secret, and Galiot too.]
+
+  "Beau doulx amy," faict elle, "tant auez faict que ie suys vostre;
+  Et moult en ay grant ioye. Or gardez que la chose soyt celee. Car
+  mestier en est. Je suys une des Dames du monde dont len a greigneur
+  bien dict, Et se ma renommee empiroyt par vous, il y auroyt layde
+  amour et villaine | et vous, Gallehault, ie vous prye que mon
+  honneur gardez | Car vous estes le plus saige | Et se mal men
+  venoyt, ce ne seroyt si non par vous; Et se ien ay bien et ioye,
+  vous me lauez donnee."
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot promises this, and asks Guinevere to make Lancelot his
+companion for ever.]
+
+  "Dame," faict Gallehault, "il ne pourroyt vers vous mesprendre, et
+  ien ay bien faict ce que vous me commandastes. Or vous prye que
+  faciez ma voulente ainsi comme iay fait la vostre;" "Dictes," fait
+  elle, "tout ce quil vo{us} plaira hardyment | car vous ne me
+  scauriez chose comma{n}der que ie ne face." "Dame," faict il, "donc
+  mauez vous ottroye que ie seray son compaignon a tousiours."
+  "Certes," fait elle, "se de ce vo{us} failloit, vous auriez mal
+  employe la peine que vous auez prinse pour luy et pour moy."
+
+[Sidenote: She takes Lancelot's hand, gives him to Galiot, and says she
+has given him Lancelot of the Lake, son of King Ban.]
+
+  Lors prent le cheuallier par la main, et dict. "Gallehault, ie vous
+  donne ce cheualier a tousiours sans ce que iay auant eu, et vous le
+  me creancez ainsi" | et aussi le cheualier luy creance | "scauez
+  vous," fait elle, "Gallehault, que ie vous ay donne lancelot du lac,
+  le filz au roy ban de benoic;" Ainsi luy a fait le cheualier
+  congnoistre, qui moult en a grant honte.
+
+[Sidenote: This gives Galiot more joy than ever he had before, as he had
+often heard how Lancelot was the gallantest knight in the world.]
+
+  Lors a gallehault greigneure ioye quil neust oncq{ue}s | car il
+  auoit maintesfois ouy dire, comme parolles vont, que cestoyt le
+  meilleur cheualier et le plus preux du monde, et bien scauoit que le
+  roy ban auoit este moult gentil ho{m}me, et moult puissant de amys
+  et de terre.
+
+
+  ++AInsi fut faicte la premiere acointance de la royne et de lancelot
+  par gallehault | et Gallehault ne lauoit oncques congneu que de
+  veue, et pource luy fait creancer q{u}il ne luy demanderoit son nom
+  tant quil luy dist, ou autre po{ur} luy. Lors se leuerent tous
+  troys, et il anuytoit durement.
+
+[Sidenote: By the bright moonlight they recross the meads towards
+Lancelot's tent, and Galiot sends Lancelot there, while he conducts the
+Queen to Arthur's tent, and tells him they have only been looking at the
+fields by themselves.]
+
+  Mais la lune estoyt leuee, si faisoit cler | Si que elle luysoyt par
+  toute la praerie | Lors sen retournerent a vne part contrement les
+  prez droit vers le tref le cheualier, & le seneschal et gallehault
+  vint apres luy & les dames ta{n}t q{u}ilz vindre{n}t endroit les
+  te{n}tes de gallehault. Lors enuoya Gallehault son compaignon a son
+  tref, et prent co{n}ge de la royne, et gallehault la conuoye iusques
+  au tref du Roy. Et qua{n}t le roy les veyt, si demanda dont ilz
+  venoyent. "Sire," fait Gallehault, "nous uenons de veoir ces pres a
+  si peu de compaignie comment vo{us} veez." Lors se assient, et
+  parlent de plusieurs choses; si sont la Royne et Gallehault moult
+  ayses.
+
+
+  ++AV chef de piece se leua la royne, et sen alla en la bretesche;
+  gallehault la conuoya iusq{ue}s la.
+
+[Sidenote: Galiot sees the Queen to her tower, and then takes leave of
+Arthur and of Gawain, and goes to Lancelot's bed.]
+
+  Puis la comma{n}de a dieu, et dist quil sen yroit gesir auec son
+  compaignon. "Bien auez fait," dit la royne, "il en sera plus ayse" |
+  A tant sen part gallehault, et vient au roy prendre congie, et dist
+  quil ne luy desplaise, et que il yra gesir auec les gens pource quil
+  ny auoyt geu de grant piece, et dist. "Sire, ie me doibz pener de
+  faire leur voulente | car ilz me ayment moult." "Sire," fait messire
+  gauuain, "vo{us} dictes bien, et len doit bien honnorer telz
+  preudhommes q{u}i les a." Lors sen part gallehault et vient a son
+  compaignon; Ilz se coucherent to{us} deux en vng lict, et deviserent
+  la une piece. Si nous laisserons ores a parler de gallehault & de
+  son compaignon, et dirons de la royne qui est venu en la bretesche.
+
+
+[Sidenote: Queen Guinevere goes to the window to think, and the Lady of
+Mallehault asks her why four are bad company.]
+
+  ++QVa{n}t gallehault fut party, la royne sen alla en vne fenestre,
+  et comme{n}ce a penser a ce que plus luy plaisoyt. La dame de
+  mallehault saprocha delle quant elle la vit seulle, et luy dist le
+  plus priueement que elle peut. "Haa, dame! pourquoy ne est bonne la
+  compaignie de quatre?"
+
+[Sidenote: At first Guinevere will not hear this, but the Lady repeats
+it; the Queen asks why she says it, and the Lady asks pardon, as perhaps
+she has said too much.]
+
+  La royne le ouyst bien, si ne dit mot, et fait semblant q{ue} riens
+  nen ouyt. Et ne demoura gueres q{ue} la dame dist celle parolle
+  mesmes; la royne lapella et dist. "Dame, pourquoy auez ce dit?"
+  "Dame," fait elle, "pardonnez moi, ie nen diray ores plus | car par
+  aduenture en ay plus dit que a moy napartient | & le{n} ne se doit
+  mi faire plus priuee de sa dame que len est | car tost en acquiert
+  on hayne."
+
+[Sidenote: "No," says Guinevere, "speak boldly out; I wish it."]
+
+  "Si maist dieu," fait la royne, "vous ne me po{ur}riez rie{n}s dire
+  do{n}t vous eussiez ma haine | ie vous tiens tant a saige et a
+  courtoyse, que vous ne diriez riens qui fust encontre ma voulente |
+  Mais dictes hardyment | Car ie le vueil, et si vous en prie."
+
+[Sidenote: "Then I must say that I think four very good company. I�saw
+the new acquaintance you made to-day, and know he is the man who loves
+you most in the world.]
+
+  "Dame," fait elle, "donc le vous diray ie | Je dy que moult est
+  bonne la compaignie de quatre; Jay huy veu nouueau accointement
+  q{ue} vous auez faict au cheuallier qui parla a vous la bas en ce
+  vergier. Et scay bien que cest la personne du mo{n}de qui plus vous
+  ayme, et vous ne auez pas tort se vous laymez | car vous ne pourriez
+  vostre amour mieulx employer;" "Comment," fait la royne, "le
+  congnoissez vous?"
+
+[Sidenote: I kept him a year and a half in prison, and gave him both the
+red and the black arms in which he won the tourneys;]
+
+  "Dame," fait elle, "telle heure a este ouen que ie vous en eusse
+  bien peu faire refus comme vous en pouez ores faire a moy | car ie
+  lay tenu vng an et demy en prison. Cest celluy qui vaincquit
+  lassemblee aux armes vermeilles | & celle de deuant hier aux armes
+  noires, les vnes & les autres luy baillay ie; Et quant il fut auant
+  hier sur la riuiere pensif, et ie luy voulu mander q{ue} il fist
+  vaillamment armes, ie ne le faisoye sinon pour ce que ie esperoye
+  quil vous aymast; si cuydoye telle heure fust que il me aymast |
+
+[Sidenote: and I thought then that he loved me, but he soon undeceived
+me."]
+
+  Mais il me mist tost hors de cuyder, tant me descouurit de son
+  penser." Lors luy compta co{m}ment elle lauoyt tenu en prison an et
+  demy | et pourquoy elle lauoit prins.
+
+[Sidenote: The Queen answers, "But tell me why four are better company
+than three."]
+
+  "Or me dictes," fait la royne, "quelle compaignie vault mieulx de
+  quatre que de troys | car mieulx est vne chose celee par trois que
+  par quatre." "Certes non est cy endroit, et si vo{us} diray.
+
+[Sidenote: "Because, though your knight loves you, he loves Galiot too,
+and they will not stay here long, but you will; and if you have no one
+else to tell your thought to, you will be forced to keep your faith to
+yourself; but if you will let me be a fourth, we can comfort one
+another."]
+
+  Vray est que le cheualier vous ayme, et aussi fait il gallehault, et
+  desormais se confortero{n}t lung lautre en quelque terre quilz
+  soient. Car icy ne sero{n}t ilz pas longuement: et vous demourerez
+  cy toute seule, et ne le scaura nul fors vous | ne si ne aurez a qui
+  descouurir vostre pensee, si porterez ainsi vostre faix toute seulle
+  | mais sil vo{us} pleust que ie fusse la quarte en la compaignie
+  entre nous deux dames, nous solacierons ainsi co{m}me entre eulx
+  deux cheualiers feront, si en seriez plus aise." "Scauez vous," fait
+  la royne, "qui est le cheuallier?" "Se maist dieu," fait la dame,
+  "nen{n}y." "Vous auez bien ouy co{m}ment il se couurit vers moy."
+
+[Sidenote: Queen Guinevere agrees to this with great joy, and tells the
+Lady that the knight is Lancelot of the Lake.]
+
+  "Certes," faict la royne, "moult estes apparceuante, et moult
+  conuiendroit estre sage qui vous vouldroit rien embler, & puis que
+  ainsi est que vous lauez aperceu, et que vous me requerez la
+  compagnie, vous laurez | mais ie vueil que vous portez vostre faix
+  ainsi co{m}me ie feray le mie{n}." "Dame," faict elle, "ie feray ce
+  que il vous plaira, pour ci haulte compaignie auoir." "En verite,"
+  faict la royne, "vous laurez | car meilleure compaignie que vous ne
+  pourroye ie mye auoir," "Dame," fait elle, "nous serons ensemble
+  toutes les heures quil vous plaira." "Jen suys ioyeuse," faict la
+  Royne. "Et no{us} affermerons demain la compaignie de nous quattre."
+  Lors luy compte de Lancelot, comment il auoyt ploure quant il
+  regarda deuers elle, "et ie scay que il vous congneut, et saichez
+  que cest lancelot du lac, le meilleur cheuallier qui viue." Ainsi
+  parlerent longuement entre elles deux | et font moult grant ioye de
+  le{ur} accointement nouueau.
+
+[Sidenote: At night the ladies sleep together, and talk of their new
+loves, the Lady of Mallehault saying that she never loved but one, and
+then only in thought (and that was Lancelot).]
+
+  Icelle nuyct ne souffrit oncques la Royne de logres que la dame de
+  mallehault geust sinon auec elle | mais elle y geut a force. Car
+  elle doubtoyt moult de gesir auec si riche dame; Quant elles furent
+  couchees si commencerent a parler de leurs nouuelles amours; La
+  royne demanda a la dame de mallehault selle a[y]me nulluy par
+  amours, et elle luy dict que nenny. "Saichez, dame, que ie naymay
+  oncques que vne foys, ne de celle amour ne fis ie que penser;" et ce
+  dit elle de lancelot, quelle auoit tant ayme co{m}me femme pourroit
+  aymer homme mortel | Mais elle nen auoit oncques aultre ioye eue,
+  non pourtant ne dit pas que ce eust il este.
+
+[Sidenote: The Queen thinks she will make the Lady and Galiot fall in
+love with one another.]
+
+  La royne pensa quelle feroyt ses amours de elle et de gallehault,
+  mais elle nen veult parler iusques a ta{n}t quelle scaura de
+  gallehault sil la veult aymer ou non | car autrement ne len
+  requerroit elle pas.
+
+[Sidenote: Next morning they go to Arthur's tent and wake him, and then
+return over the meadows where the meeting with Lancelot took place, and
+the Queen tells the Lady of Mallehault all about it, and then praises
+Galiot as the wisest and best man in the world.]
+
+  Lendemain se leuerent matin elles deux, & allerent au tref du roy,
+  qui gisoit la pour faire a monseigneur gauuain et aux aultres
+  cheualiers compaignie. La royne sesueilla, & dist, "que moult estoyt
+  mauluais qui a ceste heure dormoyt." Lors se tournerent contreual
+  les prez, et dames et damoyselles auec elles. Et ils allerent la ou
+  laccointement damours auoyt este faict, et dict la Royne a la dame
+  de mallehault toute laccointance de lancelot | et comme il estoit
+  esbahy deuant elle, et riens ne luy laissa a dire. Puis commenca a
+  louer gallehault, et dit que cestoit le plus saige homme et le plus
+  vertueulx du monde; "Certes," fait elle, "ie luy compteray
+  lacointance de nous deux quant il viendra, et sachez que il en aura
+  gra{n}t ioye. Or allo{n}s | car il ne demourra gueres quil ne
+  viengne."
+
+
+The rubric of the next chapter is as follows:
+
+[Sidenote: How Galiot became acquainted with the Lady of Melyhalt.]
+
+  � Co{m}me{n}t la premiere acointa{n}ce fut faicte de gallehault et
+  de la dame de malehault p{ar} le moye{n} de la royne de logres. Et
+  comme{n}t lancelot & gallehault sen alloie{n}t esbatre et deuiser
+  auec leurs dames.
+
+It relates how Queen Guinevere requires Galiot to let her dispose of his
+love as he had disposed of hers. To this he consents, and she commends
+him to the Lady of Mallehault. Next, they arrange for the promised
+_parlement de eulx quatre_; and the queen points out to Lancelot the
+lady who had so many a day kept him in prison, i.e., the Lady of
+Mallehault. At recognizing his old acquaintance, Lancelot feels somewhat
+distressed, but is reassured by observing the new love-making between
+her and Galiot. Seated in a wood, the four "demourerent grant piece, ne
+oncq{ue}s ne tindrent parolles, fors tant seullement de accoller & de
+baiser comme ceulx qui voulentiers le faisoyent."
+
+We next hear of Gawain's recovery, and of the separation of the party of
+four above spoken of. Galiot takes Lancelot home with him to his own
+country, whilst the Lady of Mallehault remains for a time with the queen
+and Arthur. When Lancelot is next spoken of, he is in Galiot's country,
+where we will now leave him.
+
+
+
+
+NOTES TO THE APPENDIX.
+
+
+  P. xxiii. _Descosse_ = _d'�cosse_, of Scotland. In Old French, words
+  are frequently run together; thus we have _labbaye_ for _l'abbaye_,
+  _sesmeurent_ for _s'�meurent_, etc. Also the letter _s_ is often
+  replaced in modern French by an acute or circumflex accent; so that
+  _Escosse_ = _�cosse_; _chasteau_ = _ch�teau_, etc.
+    The word _si_ often occurs below with a great variety of meanings,
+      _viz._ I, he; and, also; so, thus; etc.
+
+  P. xxiv. _baille_, given, entrusted.
+    _brouyr_ (_br�ler_), being burnt.
+    _monstier_, monastery.
+    _gauues_, so in the original throughout; _gaunes_ is used in other
+      romances.
+
+  P. xxv. _auecques_ = _avec_, with.
+
+  P. xxvi. _aduision_, vision.
+    _behourdys_, tournament.
+    _naure_, wounded.
+    _deffera_ = _desferra_, un-ironed; it means that Lancelot drew the
+      weapons out of the knight's wounds.
+    _deuers_, "Pr�position relative au temps et au lieu dont on parle;
+      pr�s, vers, contre, proche; de _versus_." Roquefort.
+    _octroya_, permitted (authorized).
+    _mouille_, _lit._ wetted; insulted.
+
+  P. xxvii. _veirent_, saw.
+    _escript_ (_�crit_), written.
+    _lassemblee_, the gathering; _i.e._ the war, strife.
+    _rua_, overthrew.
+
+  P. xxviii. _mire_, physician.
+    _gue_, ford, pass.
+    _tresues_, a�truce; spelt _treues_ on p.�xxix.
+
+  P. xxix. _esbatre_, to divert oneself. In modern French, _s'�battre_.
+
+  P. xxx. _orrions_, shall hear.
+    _deust_ = _d�t_.
+    _cheoient_, from _cheoir_, to fall. Compare _ch�te_.
+    _poilz_, hairs.
+    _esbahy_, amazed.
+    _ortelz_, toes.
+    _chaille_; from _chaloir_, to be anxious about.
+    _dilacion_, delay.
+
+  P. xxxi. _paour_, fear.
+    _mire_, physician.
+    _veufue_, old.
+
+  P. xxxii. _cheuauche_, rides.
+    _boutte_, buts, pushes.
+    _iecte_ (_jet�_), cast.
+    _cuyde_, I�believe.
+    _Si maist dieu_, so God aid me. Here _maist_ is put for _m'aist_.
+    _oncques_, ever.
+    _ennuyt_, this night, to-night.
+    _lottroyera_, will grant him his request.
+    _conroy_, troops.
+
+  P. xxxiii. _derrains_ (_derniers_), last.
+    _busines_, trumpets.
+    _Or y perra_, now it will appear.
+    _cuidoit_, believed; from the old verb _quider_.
+    _cheuauchent_, ride.
+    _ia_, already.
+    _tertre_, a�small hill.
+
+  P. xxxiv. _adresse_, a cross-path.
+    _huy_, just before; _lit._ this day. Lat. _hodi�_.
+    _se pasme_, swoons.
+    _leans_, thither.
+
+  P. xxxv. _ores_, now.
+    _huy_, to-day.
+    _preudhomme_, a wise and prudent man.
+    _lottroye_, permits him.
+    _tref_, tent.
+    _nenny_, no!
+    _ains_, before.
+    _guerpiront_, will leave.
+    _deduys_, amusements, diversions.
+
+  P. xxxvi. _leans_, there.
+    _gerrez_, will lie.
+    _las_, tired.
+    _Ains_, but.
+
+  P. xxxvii. _semondray_, shall ask.
+    _esbahy_, amazed.
+    _tollez_, take away.
+    _creanca_, promised.
+    _lees_, wide, full.
+    _lices_, lists.
+
+  P. xxxviii. _emmy le pas_, in the midst of the passage.
+    _hucher_, to cry aloud.
+
+  P. xxxix. _lieue_, lifts.
+    _saisine_, disposal.
+    _enseignes_, tokens.
+    _aincoys_, first of all.
+
+  P. xl. _oncques mes_, never.
+    _a resiouyr_ (_r�jouir_), in amusing.
+    _escondiroye_, will refuse.
+    _me poyse_, it troubles me.
+    _pieca_, long ago.
+    _se embronche_, covers his face.
+
+  P. xli. _sen esueillerent_, awoke thereat.
+    _Adonc_, then.
+    _riens forfait_, anyway injured.
+
+  P. xlii. _ne me mescreez mye que_, do not doubt me more than.
+
+  P. xliii. _doint_, gives, were to give.
+
+  P. xliv. _mesgnie_, properly the _suite_ or household of a prince; see
+      Roquefort s.v. _magnie_ and _maignee_.
+    _nef_, a�boat.
+    _loue_, advise.
+
+  P. xlv. _vous esmayez_, afflict yourself.
+    _courrouce_, wroth, displeased.
+
+  P. xlvi. _vergier_, orchard.
+    _aual_, below.
+    _se embroncha_, she veiled herself, or, hid herself.
+    _iouxte_, beside.
+
+  P. xlvii. _maintes_, many.
+    _ot_, heard.
+    _len prise mieulx_, esteemed it better.
+    _loe_, praises.
+    _deffera_, dis-ironed, drew the weapons out of.
+    _lestrief_, the stirrup.
+
+  P. xlviii. _leans_ (_la d�dans_), there.
+    _belif_. We find in Cotgrave's French Dictionary, "_Belic_, a�kind
+      of red or geueles, in Blazon."
+    _enseignes_, tokens, message.
+
+  P. xlix. _mestier_, serviceable.
+    _dillec_, thence.
+    _pourneant_, for nothing, in vain.
+    _voire_, truly.
+    _commanday a dieu_, commended to God, bade farewell.
+
+  P. li. _mestier en est_, there is need of it.
+    _greigneur bien_, exceedingly well, very highly.
+
+  P. lii. _greigneure_, greater.
+    _anuytoit_, became night.
+    _ie me doibz pener_, I�ought to take pains.
+
+  P. liii. _ouen_, this year.
+
+
+
+
+  The Romans
+  of
+  Lancelot of the Laik.
+
+
+[PROLOGUE.]
+
+  [Sidenote: In April, when the fresh luminary upriseth,]
+    ++THe [s]oft morow ande The lu[s]tee Aperill,            [Fol. 1.]
+    The wynt{er} set, the stormys in exill,
+    Quhen that the bry{ch}t {and} fre[s]ch illumynare
+    Upri[s]ith arly in his fyre chare                                4
+    His hot cour� in to the orient,
+  [Sidenote: and sendeth from his sphere his golden streams,]
+    And frome h{is} [s]pere his goldine [s]tremis sent
+    Wpone the grond, in man{er} off me[s]ag,
+    One eu{er}y thing to valkyne thar curage,                        8
+    That natur haith set wnd{er} hire mycht,
+    Boith gyr�, and flour, {and} eu{er}y lu[s]ty vicht:
+    And namly thame that felith the a[s][s]ay
+    Of lufe, to [s]chew the kalendis of may,                        12
+    Throw birdis [s]onge w{i}t{h} opine wox one hy,
+    That [s]e[s][s]it not one lufar{is} for to cry,
+    Le[s]t thai for[gh]het, throw [s]lewth of Ignorans,
+    The old w[s]age of lowis ob[s]{er}uans.                         16
+
+[Headnote: THE POET BEWAILS HIS LOT.]
+
+  [Sidenote: and when I espy his bright face,]
+    And fro[-m]e I can the bricht face a[s][s]py,
+    It deuit me no langare fore to ly,
+    Nore that loue schuld [s]leuth In to me finde,
+  [Sidenote: I walk forth, bewailing my sad life.]
+    Bot walkine furth, bewalinge in my mynde                        20
+    the dredful lyve endurit al to longe,
+    Sufferans in loue of [s]orouful harmys [s]tronge,
+    The [s]charpe dais and the hewy [gh]erys,
+    Quhill phebus thris haith pa[s][s]ith al h{is} [s]peris,        24
+    Vithoutine hope ore trai[s]tinge of comfort;
+    So be such meine fatit was my sort.
+    Thus in my [s]aull Rolinge al my wo,
+  [Sidenote: The sword of love carves my heart.]
+    My carful hart carwing ca� In two                               28
+    The derdful [s]uerd of lowis hot di[s][s]ire;
+    So be the morow set I was a-fyre
+    In felinge of the acce� hot {and} colde,
+    That haith my hart in [s]ich a fevir holde,                     32
+    Only to me thare was no�e vthir e�
+    Bot thinkine qhow I [s]chulde my lady ple�.
+    The [s]charp a[s][s]ay and ek the Inwart peine
+    Of dowblit wo me neulyng{is} ca� con[s]trein,                   36
+    Quhen that I have remembrit one my tho{ch}t
+  [Sidenote: My lady knoweth not how I am wobegone.]
+    How sche, quhois bewte al my har[-m] haith wrocht,
+    Ne knouith not how I ame wo bego�e,                     [Fol. 1b.]
+    Nor how that I ame of hire [s]{er}uand{is} o�e;                 40
+    And in my [s]elf I ca� nocht fynde the meyne
+    In to quhat wy� I [s]al my wo compleine.
+  [Sidenote: I walked thus in the field, and came to a well-beseen
+  garden.]
+    Thus in the feild I walkith to {and} froo,
+    As tho{ch}tful wicht that felt of no{ch}t bot woo,              44
+    Syne to o gardinge, that we� weil be[s]e�,
+    Of quiche the feild was al depaynt w{i}t{h} gre�.
+    The tendyre and the lu[s]ty flour{is} new
+    Up thr[-o]ue the gre� vpone thar [s]talk{is} grew               48
+    A[gh]hane the [s]one, and thare levis [s]pred,
+    Quharw{i}t{h} that al the gardinge was I-clede;
+    That pryapus, in to his tyme before,
+    In o lu[s]tear walkith nevir more;                              52
+  [Sidenote: It was closely environed with leaves.]
+    And al about enweronyt and Iclo[s]it
+    One [s]ich o wy�, that none w{i}t{h}in [s]uppo[s]it
+    Fore to be [s]e� w{i}t{h} ony vicht thare owt;
+    So dide the levis clo[s] it[T1] all about.                      56
+    Thar was the flour, thar was the que� alphe[s]t,[T2]
+    Ry{ch}t wering being of the ny{ch}t{is} re[s]t,
+    Wnclo[s]i{n}g ga�e the crownel for the day;
+  [Sidenote: The sun illumined the sprays;]
+    The bry{ch}t [s]one illumynit haith the [s]pray,                60
+    The ny{ch}t{is} [s]obir ande the mo[s]t [s]chowr{is},
+    As cri[s]toll terys w{i}t{h}hong vpone the flour{is},
+    Haith vpwarpith In the lu[s]ty aire,
+    The morow makith soft, ameyne, and faire;                       64
+  [Sidenote: the birds sang till the woods resounded;]
+    And the byrd{is} thar my{ch}ty voce out-throng,
+    Quhill al the wood re[s]onite of thar [s]onge,
+    That gret confort till ony vicht It wer
+    That ple[s][s]ith thame of lu[s]tenes to here.                  68
+    Bot gladne� til the tho{ch}tful, eu{er} mo
+    The more he [s]eith, the more he haith of wo.
+  [Sidenote: the garden was adorned with flowers.]
+
+      [Footnote T1: MS. "clo[s]it."]
+      [Footnote T2: May we read "alcest"?]
+
+[Headnote: HE SEES A VISION OF A GREEN BIRD.]
+
+    Thar was the garding w{i}t{h} the flour{is} ourfret,
+    Quich is in po[s]y fore my lady set,                            72
+    That hire Repre[s]ent to me oft befor,
+    {And} thane al[s]o; thus al day gan be [s]or[T3]
+    Of tho{ch}t my go[s]t w{i}t{h} torment occupy,                  75
+    That I beca[-m]e In to one exa[s]y,                      [Fol. 2.]
+    Ore [s]lep, or how I wot; bot [s]o befell
+    My wo haith done my livis go[s]t expell,
+    And in [s]ich wi� weil long I can endwr,
+    So me betid o wondir aventur.                                   80
+  [Sidenote: I fell there into an ecstasy or sleep,
+  and saw in my dream a green bird, who said:]
+    As I thus lay, Ry{ch}t to my [s]preit vas [s]e�
+    A birde, yat was as ony lawrare gre�,
+    A-licht, and [s]ayth in to hir bird{is} chere;
+
+      [Footnote T3: MS. "be[s]or."]
+
+[Headnote: THE BIRD'S MESSAGE.]
+
+    "O woful wrech, that levis in to were!                          84
+    To [s]chew the thus the god of loue me [s]ent,
+    That of thi [s]{er}uice no thing is content,
+  [Sidenote: "The God of Love is discontent with thee.]
+    For in his court yhoue lewith i{n} di[s][s]par,
+    And vilfully su[s]tenis al thi care,                            88
+    And [s]chapith no thinge of thine awn remede,
+    Bot clepith ay and cryith apone dede.
+    Yhow callith the bird{is} be morow fro thar bour{is},
+    Yhoue devith boith the erbis and the flour{is},                 92
+    And clepit hyme vnfaithful king of lowe,
+    Yow dewith hyme in to h{is} rigne abufe,
+    Yhow tempith hyme, yhoue doith thi [s]elf no gud,
+    Yhoue are o mo� of wit al de[s]titude.                          96
+  [Sidenote: You are destitute of wit.]
+    Wot yhoue no{ch}t that al liwis creatwre
+    Haith of thi wo i{n} to h{is} hand the cwre?
+  [Sidenote: Though you call on trees, your lady hears not.]
+    And [s]et yhoue clep one erbis and one treis,
+    Sche her{is} not thi wo, nore [gh]hit [s]che [s]eis;           100
+    For none may know the dirkne� of thi tho{ch}t,
+    Ne blamyth h{er} thi wo [s]che knowith no{ch}t.
+    And It is weil accordinge It be so
+    He [s]uffir harme, that to redre� h{is} wo                     104
+    Previdith not; for long ore he be [s]onde,
+    Holl of his leich, that [s]chewith not h{is} vound.
+  [Sidenote: Ovid says it is better to shew, than to conceal love.]
+    And of owid ye autor [s]chall yhow knaw
+    Of lufe that [s]eith, for to con[s]el or [s]chow,              108
+    The la[s]t he clepith althir-be[s]t of two;
+    And that is [s]uth, and [s]al be eu{er} mo.
+    And loue al[s]o haith chargit me to [s]ay,                     111
+    Set yhoue pre[s]ume, ore beleif, ye a[s][s]ay           [Fol. 2b.]
+    Of his [s]{er}uice, as It wil ryne ore go,
+    Pre[s]wme It not, fore It wil not be so;
+    Al magre thine a [s]{er}uand [s]chal yow bee.
+  [Sidenote: As touching thine adversity, seek the remedy."]
+    And as tueching thine adu{er}[s]ytee,                          116
+    Complen and sek of the ramed, the cwre,
+    Ore, gif yhow likith, furth thi wo endure."
+    And, as me tho{ch}t, I an[s]uerde a[gh]ai�e
+  [Sidenote: Then answered I:]
+    Thus to the byrde, in word{is} [s]chort and plane:             120
+    "It ganyth not, as I have harde Recorde,
+    The [s]{er}uand for to di[s]put w{i}t{h} ye lord;
+  [Sidenote: "Love knows the reason of my wo."]
+    Bot well he knowith of al my vo the quhy,
+    And in quhat wy� he hath me [s]et, quhar I                     124
+    Nore may I not, nore can I not attane,
+    Nore to hir hienes dare I not complane."
+  [Sidenote: "Fool," said the bird, "despair not;]
+    "Ful!" q{uo}d the bird, "lat be thi ny� di[s]pare,
+    For in this erith no lady is [s]o fare,                        128
+    So hie e[s]tat, nore of [s]o gret empri�,
+    That in hire [s]elf haith vi[s]dome ore gentrice,
+    Yf that o wicht, that worthy is to be
+    Of lovis court, [s]chew til hir that he                        132
+    Seruith hire in lovis hartly wy�,
+    That [s]chall thar for hyme hating or di[s]pi�.
+
+[Headnote: SHE BIDS HIM WRITE A POEM.]
+
+  [Sidenote: the God of Love charges thee to speak out your love, or
+  else to write thy plaint;]
+    The god of love thus chargit the, at [s]chort,
+    That to thi lady yhoue thi wo Report;                          136
+    Yf yhoue may not, thi plant [s]chall yhov vrit.
+    Se, as yhoue cane, be man{er} oft endit
+    In metir, quhich that no ma{n} haith [s]u[s][s]pek,
+    Set oft tyme thai contenyng gret effecc;                       140
+    Thus one [s]ume wy� yhow [s]chal thi wo dwclar.
+    And, for thir [s]edulis and thir billis are
+    So gen{er}all, and ek [s]o [s]chort at lyte,
+    And [s]wme of thai{m} is lo[s]t the appetit,                   144
+  [Sidenote: write, then, some treatise for her to read;]
+    Sum trety [s]chall yhoue for yi lady [s]ak,
+    That wnkouth is, als tak one hand and mak,
+    Of love, ore armys, or of [s]u{m} othir thing,
+    That may hir one to thi Reme{m}bry{n}g brynge;                 148
+    Qwich [s]oundith Not one to no hewynes,                  [Fol. 3.]
+    Bot one to gladne� and to lu[s]tene�,
+  [Sidenote: one that may please her and get her thanks.]
+    That yhoue belevis may thi lady ple�,
+    To have hir thonk and be one to hir e�;                        152
+    That [s]che may wit in [s]{er}uice yhow art one.
+  [Sidenote: Farewell, and be merry."]
+    Faire weil," q{uo}d [s]che, "thus [s]chal yhow the di[s]pone,
+    And mak thi [s]elf als mery as yhoue may,
+    It helpith not thus fore to wex al way."                       156
+    W{i}t{h} that, the bird [s]che haith hir leif tak,
+  [Sidenote: Thereon I awoke, and wondered what it might mean.]
+    For fere of quich I can onone to wak;
+    Sche was ago, and to my [s]elf tho{ch}t I
+    Quhat may yis meyne? quhat may this [s]ig{n}ify?               160
+    Is It of troucht, or of Illu[s]ioune?
+
+[Headnote: HE RESOLVES TO DO SO.]
+
+    Bot finaly, as in conclu[s]ioune,
+    Be as be may, I [s]chal me not discharge,
+    Sen It apperith be of lovis charg;                             164
+    And ek myne hart no�e othir bi[s][s]ynes
+    Haith bot my ladice [s]{er}uice, as I ge�;
+  [Sidenote: I determined to take in hand this occupation.]
+    Among al vther{is} I [s]chal one honde tak
+    This litil occupatioune for hire [s]ak.                        168
+    Bot hyme I pray, the my{ch}ty gode of loue,
+    That [s]itith hie in to his [s]pir abuf,
+    (At {com}mand of o wy� quhois vi[s]ioune
+    My go[s]t haith takin this opvnioune,)                         172
+    That my lawboure may to my lady ple�
+    And do wnto hir lade[s]chip [s]u{m} e�,
+    So that my t{ra}uell be no{ch}t tynt, and I
+    Quhat vther{is} [s]ay [s]etith nothing by.                     176
+  [Sidenote: I know it will but hurt my name, when men hear my feeble
+  negligence.]
+    For wel I know that, be this world{is} fa[-m]e.
+    It [s]chal not be bot hurting to my na[-m]e,
+    Quhen that thai here my febil negligens,
+    That empit is, and bare of eloquens,                           180
+    Of di[s]cre[s][s]iou{n}e, and ek of Retoryk;
+    The metire and the cu{n}ing both elyk
+    So fere di[s]cording frome p{er}fecciou{n}e;
+  [Sidenote: I submit my poem to the correction of the wise;]
+    Q{uhil}k I [s]ubmyt to the correcciou{n}e                      184
+    Of yai{m} the quhich that is di[s]cret {and} wy�,
+    And ent{er}it is of loue in the [s]{er}uice;
+    Quhich knouyth that no lovare dare w{i}t{h}[s]tonde,    [Fol. 3b.]
+    Quhat loue hyme chargit he mot tak one honde,                  188
+    Deith, or defa[-m], or ony man{er} wo;
+    And at this tyme w{i}t{h} me It [s]tant ry{ch}t [s]o,
+  [Sidenote: for I dare not oppose Love's command.]
+    As I that dar makine no demande
+    To quhat I wot It lykith loue co{m}mande.                      192
+    Tueching his charg{is}, as w{i}t{h} al de[s]titut,
+    W{i}t{h}in my mynd [s]chortly I conclud
+    For to fulfyll, for ned I mot do [s]o.
+
+[Headnote: HE THINKS OF THE STORY OF LANCELOT.]
+
+  [Sidenote: At last I thought of the story of "Lancelot of the
+  Lake,"]
+
+    Thane in my tho{ch}t rolling to and fro                        196
+    Quhare that I my{hc}t [s]u{m} wnkouth mat{er} fynde,
+    Quhill at ye la[s]t it fell in to my mynd
+    Of o [s]tory, that I befor had [s]ene,
+    That boith of loue and armys can conte�,                       200
+    Was of o kny{ch}t clepit lancelot of ye laik,
+    The [s]one of bane was, king of albanak;
+    Of quhois fame {and} wor[s]chipful dedis
+    Clerk{is} in to diu{er}� buk{is} red{is},                      204
+  [Sidenote: of whom I here think to write something.]
+    Of quhome I thynk her [s]u{m} thing for to writ
+    At louis charge, and as I cane, endit;
+    Set me{n} tharin [s]al by exp{er}iens
+    Know my con[s]ait, and al my negligens.                        208
+  [Sidenote: But because my ignorance cannot comprehend the French
+  romance,]
+    Bot for that [s]tory is [s]o pa[s]ing larg,
+    One to my wit It war [s]o gret o charg
+    For to tran[s]lait the romans of that kny{ch}t;
+    It pa[s][s]ith fare my cu{n}yng and my mycht,                  212
+    Myne Ignorans may It not comp{re}hende;
+
+[Headnote: HE BRIEFLY ENUMERATES / LANCELOT'S EARLY DEEDS.]
+
+  [Sidenote: I shall not tell how he was born;]
+    Quharfor thare one I wil me not depend
+    How he was borne, nor how his fad{er} deid
+    And ek his mod{er}, nore how he was denyed                     216
+    Eft{er} thare deth, p{re}[s]umyng he was ded,
+  [Sidenote: nor how he was nourished by the Lady of the Lake;]
+    Of al ye lond, nore how he fra that [s]tede
+    In sacret wy� wnwy[s]t away was tak,
+    And nwri[s]t w{i}t{h} ye lady of ye lak.                       220
+  [Sidenote: nor how he was brought to Arthur's court,]
+    Nor, in his [gh]outh, think I not to tell
+    The aue{n}tour{is}, quhich to hyme befell;
+    Nor how the lady of the laik hyme had
+    One to the court, quhare that he kny{ch}t was mad;             224
+    None wi[s]t his nome, nore how that he was tak           [Fol. 4.]
+    By loue, and was Iwondit to the [s]tak,
+  [Sidenote: and pierced to the heart by the beauty of Wanore
+  (Guinevere),]
+    And throuch {and} throuch per[s]it to ye hart,
+    That al his tyme he cout{h} It not a[s]tart;                   228
+    For thare of loue he ent{er}it in [s]{er}uice,
+    Of wanore throuch the beute and franchis,
+  [Sidenote: for whose service he wrought many wonders;]
+    Throuch quhois [s]{er}uice in armys he has vro{ch}t
+    Mony wond{er}is, and p{er}ell{is} he has socht.                232
+    Nor how he thor, in to his [gh]oung curage,
+  [Sidenote: nor how he made a vow to revenge a wounded knight,]
+    Hath maid awoue, and in to louis rage,
+    In the rewenging of o wondit kny{ch}t
+    That cu{m}yne was in to the court that ny{ch}t;                236
+  [Sidenote: who had a broken sword in his head, and a truncheon of
+  a broken spear in his body;]
+    In to his hed a brokin[T4] [s]uerd had he,
+    And in his body al[s]o my{ch}t me{n} see
+    The tron[s]ione of o brokine [s]per that was,
+    Quhich no ma{n} out dedenyt to aras;                           240
+    Nor how he haith the wapnis out tak,
+    And his awow apone this wis can mak,
+    That he [s]chuld hyme Reweng at h{is} poware
+    One eu{er}y kny{ch}t that louith the hurtare                   244
+    Bett{er} thane hyme, the quhich that vas Iwond.
+    Throw quich awoue in armys hath ben founde
+  [Sidenote: a vow which caused the death of many a wight warrior;]
+    The deth of mo{n}y wereoure ful wicht;[T5]
+
+      [Footnote T4: MS. "abrokin."]
+      [Footnote T5: The MS. wrongly transposes ll. 247 and 248.]
+
+    For, fro tho wow was knowing of the kny{ch}t,                  248
+    Thare was ful mony o pa[s]age in the londe
+    By me{n} of armys kepit to with[s]tond
+    This kny{ch}t, of quhome thai ben al set afyre
+    Thai{m} to reweng in armys of de[s]ir.                         252
+  [Sidenote: or how he and Sir Kay were sent to defend the lady of
+  Nohalt;]
+    Nor how that thane in{con}tyne{n}t was [s]end
+    He and [s]{ir} kay togidd{er} to defend
+    The lady of nohalt, nor how that hee
+    Gou{er}nit hyme thare, nore in quhat degre.                    256
+    Nor how the gret pa[s]ing va[s][s]olag
+    He e[s]cheuit, thr[-o]ue the outragou� curag,
+  [Sidenote: or how he conquered the Sorrowful Castle;]
+    In conquiryng of the sorowful ca[s]tell.
+    Nor how he pa[s][s]ith dou{n}e in the cauis fell,              260
+    And furth ye keys of Inchantme{n}t bro{ch}t,
+    That al di[s]troyt quhich that thare vas vro{ch}t.
+  [Sidenote: or how he rescued Sir Gawane and his nine fellows;]
+    Nore howe that he re[s]kewit [s]{ir} gawane,            [Fol. 4b.]
+    W{i}t{h} h{is} ix falou� in to pre[s]one tane;                 264
+    Nore mony vthere diu{er}� aduenture,
+    Quhich to report I tak not in my cwre,
+  [Sidenote: nor of the many "assemblies" Gawane held to find out
+  his name;]
+    Nor mony a[s][s]emblay that gawane gart be maid
+    To wit h{is} name; nor how that he hyme hade                   268
+    Wnwi[s]t, and hath the wor[s]chip {and} empri�;
+    Nor of the kny{ch}t{is} in to mony[T6] diu{er}� wy�
+    Throuch his awoue that hath thare dethis found;
+
+      [Footnote T6: We should perhaps omit "mony."]
+
+  [Sidenote: nor of his suffering caused by love's wound;]
+    Nor of the [s]ufferans that by louis wounde                    272
+    He in his trawel [s]ufferith au{er} more;
+    Nor in the quenis p{rese}ns how tharfor
+  [Sidenote: nor how he was nearly drowned at Camelot;]
+    By camelot, in to that gret Revare,
+    He was ner dround. I wil It not declare                        276
+    How that he was in louis hewy tho{ch}t
+  [Sidenote: nor how he was brought to court by Dagenet;]
+    By dagenet in to the court I-bro{ch}t;
+    Nor how the kny{ch}t that tyme he cane p{er}[s]ew,
+  [Sidenote: nor of the giants he slew at Camelot;]
+    Nor of the gyant{is} by camelot he [s]lew;                     280
+    Nor wil I not her tell the man{er} how
+    He [s]lew o kny{ch}t, by nat{ur} of his wow,
+  [Sidenote: nor how he slew a knight of Melyholt;]
+    Off melyholt; nore how in to that toune
+    Thar came one hyme o gret confu[s]ione                         284
+    Of pupil {and} [of] kny{ch}t{is}, al enarmyt,
+  [Sidenote: and there defended himself against a crowd;]
+    Nor how he thar haith kepit hyme wnharmyt;
+    Nor of his wor[s]chip, nor of h{is} gret prowes,
+    Nor his defens of armys in the pres.                           288
+  [Sidenote: whereupon the lady of Melyhalt prayed him to yield his
+  sword to her; and kept him in her power.]
+    Nor how the lady of melyhalt y{a}t [s]che
+    Came to the feild, and pray[i]th hyme that he
+    As to o lady to hir[T7] his [s]uerd hath [gh]old,
+    Nor how he was in to hir keping hold;                          292
+
+      [Footnote T7: MS. "his."]
+
+    And mony vthir nobil deid al[s]o
+    I wil report quharfor I lat ourgo.
+  [Sidenote: Whoever likes, might make of these things a long story.]
+    For quho thai{m} lykith for to [s]pecyfy,
+    Of one of thai{m} my{ch}t mak o gret [s]tory;                  296
+    Nor thing I not of his hye ren[-o]wn
+    My febil wit to makin men[s]ioune;
+  [Sidenote: But I think to tell of the wars between Arthur and
+  Galiot;]
+    Bot of the wer{is} that was [s]charp {and} [s]trong,
+    Richt p{er}ellou�, and hath enduryt long,                      300
+    Of Arthur In defending of his lond                       [Fol. 5.]
+    Frome galiot, [s]one of the fair gyonde,
+    That bro{ch}t of kny{ch}t{is} o pa[s]ing confluens;
+  [Sidenote: wherein Lancelot won renown by his defence of Arthur;]
+    And how lancelot of arthur{is} hol defens                      304
+    And of the ver{is} berith the renow�;
+    And how he be the wais of fortou{n}e
+  [Sidenote: and at last made peace between the two princes.]
+    Tuex the two princ{is} makith the accorde,
+    Of al there mortall wer{is} to concorde;                       308
+  [Sidenote: I shall also tell how Venus rewarded him.]
+    And how that venus, [s]iting hie abuf,
+    Reuardith hyme of trauell in to loue,
+    And makith hyme his ladice grace to have,
+    And thankfully his [s]{er}uice cane re[s]ave;                  312
+    This is the mat{er} quhich I think to tell.
+    Bot [s]til he mot ry{ch}t w{i}t{h} the lady duell,
+    Quhill tyme cu{m} eft that we [s]chal of hy{m} [s]pek.
+  [Sidenote: My summary must end for the present.]
+    This p{ro}ce� [now] mot clo[s]ine be� and [s]tek;              316
+    And furth I wil one to my mat{er} go.
+
+[Headnote: THE DEDICATION.]
+
+  [Sidenote: But I pray for the support of a very great poet,]
+    Bot first I pray, and I be[s]ek also,
+    One to the mo[s]t conpilour to [s]upport,
+    Flour of poyet{is}, quhois nome I wil report                   320
+    To me nor to no� vthir It accordit,
+  [Sidenote: whose name I may not mention;]
+    In to our rymyng his na[-m] to be recordit;
+    For [s]um [s]uld deme It of pre[s]ump[s]ioune,
+  [Sidenote: for our riming is but derision, when his excellence is
+  remembered.]
+    And ek our rymyng is al bot dery[s]ioune,                      324
+    Quhen that reme{m}brit is his excellens,
+    So hie abuf that [s]tant in reu{er}ans.
+    Ye fre[s]ch enditing of h{is} laiting toung
+  [Sidenote: The world knows his eloquence in inditing Latin;]
+    Out throuch yis world [s]o wid is yroung,                      328
+    Of eloquens, and ek of retoryk;
+    Nor is, nor was, nore neu{er} beith hyme lyk,
+  [Sidenote: and none can ever gladden the world like him:]
+    This world gladith of h{is} [s]uet poetry.
+    His [s]aul I bly� con[s]eruyt be for-thy;                      332
+  [Sidenote: to him be the thanks for my success.]
+    And yf that ony lusty terme I wryt
+    He haith the thonk y{er}of, {and} this endit.
+
+EXPLICIT P{RO}LOG{US}, ET INCIPIT P{RI}M{US} LIBER.
+
+
+[Headnote: ARTHUR AT CARLISLE.]
+
+[BOOK I.]
+
+  [Sidenote: When Titan, being in Aries, had apparelled the fields,]
+    ++Quhen [that] tytan, withe his lusty heit,             [Fol. 5b.]
+    Twenty dais In to the aryeit                                   336
+    Haith maid his cour�, and all with diu{er}� hewis
+    Aparalit haith the feldis and the bewis;
+  [Sidenote: and birds began to make their bowers;]
+    The bird{is} amyd the erbis {and} the flour{is},
+    And one the branchis, makyne gone thar bour{is},               340
+    And be the morow [s]inging in ther chere
+    Welcum to the lu[s]ty [s]e[s][s]one of the [gh]ere.
+    In to this tyme the worthi conqueroure
+  [Sidenote: king Arthur was at Carlisle.]
+    Arthure, wich had of al this worlde the floure                 344
+    Of cheuelry auerding to his crown,
+    So pa[s]ing war his kny{ch}t{is} in renoune,
+    Was at carlill; and hapy{n}nit [s]o that hee
+    Soiornyt well long in that faire cuntree.                      348
+  [Sidenote: His knights, hearing of no adventure, were annoyed.]
+    In to whilk tyme In to the court thai heire
+    None awenture, for wich the knyght{is} weire
+    Anoit all at the abiding thare.
+    For-why, beholding one the [s]obir ayre                        352
+    And of the tyme the pa[s]ing lu[s]tynes,
+    Can [s]o thir knyghtly hart{is} to encre�,
+  [Sidenote: They therefore sent Sir Kay to pray the king to go to
+  Camelot.]
+    That thei [s]hir kay one to the king haith [s]ende,
+    Be[s]eiching hyme he wold wich[s]aif to wende                  356
+    To camelot the Cetee, whare that thei
+    Ware wont to heryng of armys day be day.
+    The king for[s]uth, heryng thare entent,
+    To thare de[s]ir, be [s]chort awy[s]ment,                      360
+  [Sidenote: The king proposed to do so on the morrow.]
+    Ygrantid haith; and [s]o the king p{ro}ponit
+    And for to pas hyme one[T8] the morne di[s]ponit.
+
+      [Footnote T8: MS. "to pas one hyme one," with first "one"
+      lightly crossed out.]
+
+[Headnote: ARTHUR'S TWO DREAMS.]
+
+    Bot [s]o befell hyme [on] that nycht to meit
+    An aperans, the wich one to his [s]preit                       364
+  [Sidenote: That night he dreamt that his hair all fell off;]
+    It [s]emyth that of al his hed ye hore
+    Of fallith and maid de[s]olat; wharfore
+    The king therof was pensyve in his mynd,
+    That al the day he couth no re[s]ting fynde,                   368
+  [Sidenote: which made him delay his journey.]
+    Wich makith hyme his Iorneye to delaye.
+    And [s]o befell apone the thrid day,
+    The bricht [s]one, pa[s]ing in the we[s]t,
+    Haith maid his cour�, and al thing goith to Re[s]t;            372
+  [Sidenote: Again he dreamt, that his bowels fell out, and lay beside
+  him.]
+    The king, [s]o as the [s]tory can dewy�,
+    He thoght a[gh]eine, apone the [s]amyne wy�,
+    His vombe out fallith vith his hoil syde                 [Fol. 6.]
+    Apone the ground, {and} liging hyme be[s]id;                   376
+    Throw wich anon out of his [s]lep he [s]tert,
+    Aba[s]it and adred in to his hart.
+  [Sidenote: He told the queen, who answered, "No man should respect
+  vain dreams."]
+    The wich be morow one to the qwen he told,
+    And [s]he a[gh]eine to hyme haith an[s]uer [gh]olde;           380
+    "To dremys, [s]{ir}, [s]huld no man have Re[s]pek,
+    For thei ben thing{is} weyn, of non affek."
+    "Well," q{uo}d the king, "god grant It [s]o befall!"
+
+[Headnote: HE SENDS FOR HIS CLERKS.]
+
+  [Sidenote: The king next shewed his dream to a clerk,]
+    Arly he ro�, and gert one to hyme call                         384
+    O clerk, to whome that al his hewynes
+    Tweching his drem [s]hewith he expre�,
+  [Sidenote: who said, "Sir, such things testify nothing."]
+    Wich an[s]uer yaf and [s]eith one to the kinge;
+    "Shir, no Record lyith to [s]uch thing;                        388
+    Wharfor now, [s]hir, I praye yow tak no kep,
+    Nore trai[s]t in to the vanyteis of slep;
+    For thei are thing{is} that a[s]kith no credens,
+    But cau[s]ith of [s]um maner influe{n}s,                       392
+    Empri� of thoght, ore [s]up{er}fleuytee,
+    Or than [s]um othir ca[s]ualytee."
+  [Sidenote: "Yet," replied he, "I shall not leave it so."]
+    "[Gh]it," q{uo}d the king, "I [s]al no{ch}t leif It so;"
+    And furth he chargit me[s]inger{is} to go                      396
+    Throgh al his Realm, w{i}t{h}outen more demande,
+  [Sidenote: He bade all the bishops and clergy come to Camelot
+  within twenty days.]
+    And bad them [s]tratly at thei [s]hulde comande
+    All the bi[s]hopes, and makyng no delay
+    The [s]huld appere be the tuenty day                           400
+    At camelot, with al thar hol clergy
+    That mo[s]t expert war, for to certefye
+    A mat{er} tueching to his go[s]t be nyght;
+    The me[s]ag goith furth with the l{ett}res Right.              404
+
+    ++The king eft [s]one, w{i}t{h}in a litill [s]pace,
+    His Iornay makith haith frome place to place,
+  [Sidenote: He goes to Camelot, and finds the clerks assembled.]
+    Whill that he cam to camelot; and there
+    The clerk{is} all, as that the chargit were,                   408
+    A[s][s]emblit war, and came to his pre[s]ens,
+    Of his de[s]ir to viting the [s]entens.
+    To them that war to hyme mo[s]t [s]peciall
+    Furth his entent [s]hauyth he al hall;                         412
+  [Sidenote: He discloses all to the ten that are most expert,]
+    By whois con[s]eil, of the worthie[s]t
+    He che[s]ith ten, yclepit for the be[s]t,
+    And mo[s]t expert and wi[s]e[s]t was [s]uppo[s]it,             415
+    To qwhome his drem all hail he haith di[s]clo[s][s]it;  [Fol. 6b.]
+    The houre, the nyght, and al the c{er}cum[s]tans;
+  [Sidenote: and beseeches them to explain the dreams.]
+    Be[s]ichyne them that the [s]ignifycans
+    Thei wald hyme [s]haw, that he my{ch}t re[s]ting fynde
+    Of It, the wich that occupeid his mynde.                       420
+  [Sidenote: One of them asks for nine days to advise upon the
+  matter.]
+    And one of them with[T9] al ther holl a[s][s]ent
+    Saith, "[s]hire, fore to declare our entent
+    Vpone this matere, ye wil ws delay
+    Fore to awy[s]ing one to the ix day."                          424
+    The king ther-to grantith haith, bot hee
+  [Sidenote: The king complies, but shuts them up in a strong place.]
+    In to o place, that [s]trong was and hye,
+    He clo[s]ith them, whare thei may no whare get,
+    Vn to the day, the wich he to them set.                        428
+    Than goith the clerk{is} [s]adly to awy�
+    Of this mat{er}, to [s]eing in what wy�
+    The king{is} drem thei [s]hal be[s]t [s]pecefy.
+  [Sidenote: The masters of astronomy fetch their books,]
+    And than the mai[s]tris of a[s]tronomy                         432
+    The book{is} longyne to ther artis set;[T10]
+    Not was the buk{is} of arachell forget,
+    Of nembrot, of dan[gh]helome, thei two,
+    Of moy[s]es, {and} of herynes all soo;                         436
+  [Sidenote: and calculate the disposition of the planets.]
+    And [s]eking be ther calcolaciou{n}e
+    To fynd the planet{is} di[s]po[s]iciou{n}e,
+    The wich thei fond ware wond{er} ewill y[s]et
+    The [s]amyne nyght the king his [s]weuen met.                  440
+
+      [Footnote T9: MS. "saith with" (with a very slight scratch
+      through "saith").]
+      [Footnote T10: So in MS. Read "fet."]
+
+[Headnote: THEY REFUSE TO EXPLAIN THEM.]
+
+    So ner the point [s]ocht thei have the thing,
+  [Sidenote: They found the matter heavy for the king, and doubted if
+  they should tell him so.]
+    Thei fond It wond{er} hewy to the king,
+    Of wich thing thei waryng in to were
+    To [s]hew the king, for dreid of his danger.                   444
+    Of ane accorde thei planly haue p{ro}ponit
+    No worde to [s]how, and [s]o thei them di[s]ponit.
+  [Sidenote: Being sent for,]
+    The day is cu{m}yng, and he haith fore them [s]ent,
+    Be[s]ichyne them to [s]hewing ther entent.                     448
+  [Sidenote: they all spake, "Sir, we can find no evidence."]
+    Than [s]pak they all, and that of an accorde;
+    "Shir, of this thing we can no thing Recorde,
+    For we can noght fynd in til our [s]ciens
+    Tweching this mater ony ewydens."                              452
+  [Sidenote: "Ere we part," quoth the king, "ye shall witness
+  something."]
+    "Now," q{uo}d the king, "and be the glorius lorde,
+    Or we depart ye [s]hall [s]um thing recorde;
+    So pas yhe not, nor [s]o It [s]all not bee."
+    "Than," q{uo}d the clerk{is}, "grant ws dais three."           456
+  [Sidenote: He grants them three days more.]
+    The wich he grantid them, and but delay,                 [Fol. 7.]
+    The term pa[s][s]ith, no thing wold the [s]ay,
+    Wharof the king [s]tondith heuy cherith,
+    And to the clerk{is} his vi[s]ag [s]o apperith,                460
+    That all thei dred them of the king{is} myght.
+  [Sidenote: They pray for a further delay of three days.]
+    Than [s]aith o clerk, "s{ir}, as the thrid nyght
+    Ye dremyt, [s]o [now] giffis ws delay
+    The thrid tyme, and to the thrid day."                         464
+    By whilk tyme thei fundyng haith the ende
+    Of this mater, als far as [s]hal depend
+    To ther [s]ciens; yit can thei not awy�
+    To [s]chewing to the king be ony wy�.                          468
+  [Sidenote: They still refuse to declare their thought.]
+    The day is cum, the king haith them be[s]ocht,
+    But one no wy� thei wald declar ther thoght;
+    Than was he wroth in to his [s]elf and noyt,
+  [Sidenote: The king vows to destroy them;]
+    And maid his wow that thei [s]hal[T11] ben di[s]troyt.         472
+    His baronis he co{m}mandit to gar tak
+    Fyve of them one to the fir-[s]tak,
+    And vther fyue be to the gibbot tone;
+    And the furth w{i}t{h} the king{is} charg ar gone.             476
+  [Sidenote: but secretly charges his knights not to harm them.]
+    He bad them in to [s]ecret wy� that thei
+    Shud do no harm, but only them a�ey.
+    The clark{is}, dredful of the king{is} Ire,
+    And [s]aw the p{er}ell of deth and of the fyre,                480
+    Fyve, as thei can, has grantit to record;
+    That vther herde and ben of ther accorde;
+    And al thei ben yled one to the king,
+  [Sidenote: They yield at last, and say,]
+    And [s]hew hyme thus as tueching of this thing.                484
+
+      [Footnote T11: MS. "[s]hat."]
+
+[Headnote: INTERPRETATION OF THE DREAMS.]
+
+    "Shir, [s]en that we con[s]trenyt ar by myght
+    To [s]haw that wich[T12] we knaw no thing aricht;
+    For thing to cum pre[s]eruith It allan
+    To hyme the wich is euery thing c{er}ta�,                      488
+    Excep the thing that til our knawleg hee
+    Hath ordynat of certan for to bee;
+    Therfor, [s]hir king, we your magnificens
+    Be[s]eich It turne till ws to non offens,                      492
+  [Sidenote: "Hold us not as liars, though it happen not as we say.]
+    Nor hald was no{ch}t as lear{is}, thoght It fall
+    Not in this mat{er}, as that we telen [s]hall."
+    And that the king haith grantit them, {and} thei
+    Has chargit one, that one this wi� [s]all [s]eye.              496
+    "Pre[s]umyth, [s]hir, that we have fundyne so;
+  [Sidenote: You must forego all earthly honour;]
+    All erdly honore ye nedis[T13] mo[s]t for-go,
+  [Sidenote: and those on whom you most rely, will fail you."]
+    And them the wich ye mo[s]t affy in-tyll                [Fol. 7b.]
+    Shal failye [gh]ow, magre of ther will;                        500
+    And thus we haue in to this matere founde."
+    The king, quhois hart was al wyth dred ybownd,
+    And a[s]kit at the clerk{is}, if thei fynde
+    By there clergy, that [s]tant i{n} ony kynde                   504
+  [Sidenote: The king asks if his destiny can be altered.]
+    Of po[s][s]ibilitee, fore to reforme
+    His de[s]teny, that [s]tud in [s]uch a forme;
+    If in the hewyne Is preordynat
+    On [s]uch o wi� his honor to tran[s]lat.                       508
+    The clerk{is} [s]aith, "for[s]uth, and we haue [s]ene
+  [Sidenote: They reply, that the matter is dark.]
+    O thing whar-of, if we the trouth [s]hal me�,
+    Is [s]o ob[s]cure and dyrk til our clergye,
+    That we wat not what It [s]hal [s]ignefye,                     512
+    Wich cau[s]ith ws we can It not furth [s]ay."
+    "Yis," q{uo}d the king, "as lykith yow ye may,
+    For wers than this can nat be [s]aid for me."
+
+      [Footnote T12: MS. "wich that."]
+      [Footnote T13: MS. "nedi[s]t;" but see l. 518.]
+
+[Headnote: THE CLERKS GIVE MYSTERIOUS ADVICE.]
+
+  [Sidenote: A master says, there is no help but in the true watery
+  lion, and in the leech, and in the flower.]
+    Thane [s]aith o mai[s]tir, "than [s]uthly th{us} finde we;     516
+    Thar is no thing [s]al [s]ucour nor re[s]kew,
+    Your worldly honore nedis mo[s]t adew,
+    But throuch the watrye lyone {and} ek fyne,
+    On throuch the liche {and} ek the wattir [s]yne,               520
+  [Sidenote: God knows what this should mean.]
+    And throuch the con[s]eill of the flour; god wot
+    What this [s]hude me�, for mor ther-of we not."
+    No word the king an[s]uerid ayane,
+    For al this re[s]one thinkith bot i{n} weyne.                  524
+  [Sidenote: The king shews no outward grief,]
+    He [s]hawith outwart his contenans
+    As he therof takith no greuans;
+  [Sidenote: but is not rid of anxiety all night.]
+    But al the nyght it pa[s][s]id nat his thoght.
+    The dais cour� w{i}t{h} ful de[s]ir he [s]ocht,                528
+    And furth he goith to bring his mynd i{n} re[s]t
+  [Sidenote: Next day he goes to the forest.]
+    W{i}t{h} mony O knyght vn to the gret fore[s]t;
+    The rachis gon wn-copelit for the deire,
+    That in the wodis makith nois {and} cheir:                     532
+    The knycht{is}, w{i}t{h} the grewhund{is} in aweit,
+    Secith boith the planis and the [s]treit.
+  [Sidenote: The chase.]
+    Doune goith the hart, doune goith the hynd al[s]o;
+    [In to the feld can ru[s]ching to and fro][T14]                536
+    The [s]wift grewhund, hardy of a[s][s]ay;
+    Befor ther hedis no thing goith away.
+    The king of hunting takith haith his [s]port,
+  [Sidenote: The king returns.]
+    And to his palace home he can Re[s]ort,                        540
+    Ayan the noon; and as that he was set
+  [Sidenote: As they sit at meat, an aged knight enters, fully armed.]
+    Vith all his noble knyght{is} at the met,                [Fol. 8.]
+    So cam ther in an agit knyght, {and} hee
+    Of gret e[s][s]tat [s]emyt for to bee;                         544
+    Anarmyt all, as tho It was the gy�,
+    And thus the king he [s]alu[s]t, one this wi�,
+
+      [Footnote T14: A line must here be lost, but there is nothing
+      to shew this in the MS. The inserted line is imitated from
+      l.�3293.]
+
+[Headnote: GALIOT'S MESSAGE.]
+
+  [Sidenote: The knight's message is that king Galiot bids Arthur to
+  yield to him his kingdom.]
+    ++"Shir king, one to yow am y [s]ende
+    Frome the worthie[s]t that i{n} world is kend,                 548
+    That leuyth now of his tyme and age,
+    Of manhed, wi[s]dome, {and} of hie curag,
+    Galiot, [s]one of the fare gyande;
+    And thus, at [s]hort, he bid{is} yow your londe                552
+    Ye yald hyme our, w{i}t{h}out Impedyment;
+    Or of hyme holde, and if tribut and rent.
+    This is my charge at [s]hort, whilk if youe le[s]t
+    For to fulfill, of al he haith conque[s]t                      556
+    He [s]ais that he mo[s]t tendir [s]hal youe hald."
+
+[Headnote: ARTHUR DEFIES GALIOT.]
+
+  [Sidenote: The king refuses.]
+    By [s]hort awys the king his an[s]uer yald;
+    "Shir kny{ch}t, your lorde wondir hie pretendis,
+    When he to me [s]ic [s]alutatioune send{is};                   560
+    For I as yit, in tymys that ar gone,
+    Held neu{er} lond excep of god alone,
+    Nore neu{er} thinkith til erthly lord to yef
+    Trybut nor rent, als long as I may lef."                       564
+  [Sidenote: The knight replies, that his lord bids him defiance, and
+  will invade his land in a month;]
+    "Well," q{uo}d the kny{ch}t, "ful [s]or repentith me;
+    Non may reci[s]t the thing the wich mone bee.
+    To yow, [s]{ir} king, than frome my lord am I
+    With diffyans [s]ent, and be this re[s]one why;                568
+    His purpos Is, or this day moneth day,
+    With all his o[s]t, planly to a[s][s]ay
+    Your lond, w{i}t{h} mony ma{n}ly man of were,
+  [Sidenote: not to return till he has conquered;]
+    And helmyt kny{ch}t{is}, boith with [s]held {and} [s]pere;     572
+    And neu{er} thinkith to retwrn home whill
+    That he this lond haith conque[s]t at his will;
+  [Sidenote: and he intends to possess queen Vanour.]
+    And ek vanour the quen, of whome that hee
+    Herith report of al this world that [s]hee                     576
+    In fairhed and in wertew doith excede,
+    He bad me [s]ay he think{is} to po[s][s]ede."
+  [Sidenote: Arthur returns his defiance.]
+    "Schir," q{uod} the king, "your me[s]ag me behuf{is}
+    Of re[s]one and of curta[s]y excu[s]�;                         580
+    But tueching to your lord {and} to his o[s]t,
+    His powar [and] his me[s]ag and his bo[s]t,
+    That pretendith my lond for to di[s]troy,
+    Thar-of as [gh]it tak I non anoye;                             584
+    And [s]ay your lord one my behalf, when hee             [Fol. 8b.]
+    Haith tone my lond, that al the world [s]hal see
+    That It [s]hal be magre myne entent."
+  [Sidenote: The knight departs, lamenting Arthur's adventurous
+  spirit.]
+    With that the kny{ch}t, w{i}t{h}outen leif, is went,           588
+    And richt as he was pa[s]ing to the dure,
+    He [s]aith, "a gode![T15] what wykyt aduenture
+    Apperith!" w{i}t{h} that his hors he nome,
+    Two knicht{is} kepit, waiting h{is} outcome.                   592
+
+      [Footnote T15: MS. "agod^e."]
+
+    The kni{ch}t is gon, the king he gan Inquere
+    At gawan, and at other kny{ch}t{is} sere,
+  [Sidenote: Arthur asks Gawane who Galiot is.]
+    If that thei knew or eu{er} hard recorde
+    Of galiot, and wharof he wes lorde;                            596
+    And ther was non among his kny{ch}t{is} all
+    Which an[s]uerd o word in to the hall.
+    Than galygantynis of walys ra[s]e,
+  [Sidenote: Galygantynis of Wales replies,]
+    That trauelit in diu{er}� lond{is} has,                        600
+    In mony kny{ch}tly aue{n}tur haith ben;
+    And to the king he [s]aith, "[s]{ir}, I haue sen
+    Galiot, which is the fare[s]t kny{ch}t,
+  [Sidenote: that Galiot is the tallest knight by half a foot of all
+  he ever saw; that he is wise, liberal, humble,]
+    And hie[s]t be half a fut one hycht,                           604
+    That eu{er} I saw, and ek his me{n} accordith;
+    Hyme lakid no{ch}t that to a lord recordith.
+    For vi[s]are of his ag is non than hee,
+    And ful of larges and humylytee;                               608
+  [Sidenote: courageous, and under xxiv years of age.]
+    An hart he haith of pa[s]ing hie curag,
+    And is not xxiiij [gh]er of age,
+    And of his tyme mekil haith conquerit;
+  [Sidenote: Ten kings obey him.]
+    Ten king{is} at his {com}mand ar [s]terit.                     612
+    He v{i}t{h} his me{n} [s]o louit is, y ge�,
+    That hyme to ple� is al ther be[s]ynes.
+    Not [s]ay I this, [s]{ir}, in to ye entent
+    That he, nor none wnd{er} the firmame{n}t,                     616
+    Shal pouere haue ayane your maie[s]tee;
+    And or thei [s]huld, this y [s]ey for mee,
+    Rather I [s]hall kny{ch}tly in to feild
+    Re[s]aue my deith anarmyt wnd{er} [s]held.                     620
+    This [s]pek y le[s]t;"--the king, ayan the morn,
+  [Sidenote: The king goes again to the chase.]
+    Haith varnit huntar{is} baith with hund {and} horne,
+    And arly gan one to the fore[s]t ryd,
+    With mony manly knyght{is} by h{is} [s]id,                     624
+    Hyme for to [s]port and comfort w{i}t{h} the dere,
+    Set contrare was the [s]e[s]one of y^e yere.
+  [Sidenote: He likes boar-hunting best.]
+    His mo[s]t huntyng was atte wyld bore;
+    God wot a lu[s]tye cuntree was It thoore,             628[Fol. 9.]
+    In the ilk tyme! weil long this noble king
+    In to this lond haith maid his [s]uiornyng;
+
+[Headnote: THE LADY OF MELYHALT'S MESSAGE.]
+
+  [Sidenote: A messenger comes from the lady of Melyhalt,]
+    Frome the lady was send o me[s]inger
+    Of melyhalt, wich [s]aith one this maner,                      632
+    As that the [s]tory [s]hewith by recorde:
+
+    ++"TO yow, [s]{ir} king, as to hir [s]ou{er}an lorde,
+    My lady hath me chargit for to [s]ay
+    How that your lond [s]tondith i{n} affray;                     636
+  [Sidenote: to say that Galiot has entered Arthur's land,]
+    For galiot, [s]one of the fare gyande,
+    Enterit Is by armys in your land,
+    And [s]o the lond and cuntre he anoyth,
+    That quhar he goith planly he di[s]troyth,                     640
+    And makith al obei[s]and to his honde,
+  [Sidenote: and has conquered all but two castles belonging to his
+  mistress.]
+    That nocht is left wnconque[s]t i{n} that lond,
+    Excep two ca[s]tell{is} longing to hir cwre,
+    Wich to defend [s]he may no{ch}t long endure.                  644
+    Wharfor, [s]{ir}, in word{is} plan {and} [s]hort,
+    Ye mon di[s]pone your folk for to [s]upport."
+
+[Headnote: ARTHUR'S READINESS FOR WAR.]
+
+  [Sidenote: The king promises not to delay, and inquires the number
+  of the foe.]
+    "Wel," q{uod} the king, "one to thi lady [s]ay
+    The neid is myne, I fall It not delay;                         648
+    But what folk ar thei ne{m}myt for to bee,
+    That in my lond is cu{m}yne in [s]ich degree?"
+  [Sidenote: "A hundred thousand," is the reply.]
+    "An hundreth thou[s]and boith vith [s]held {and} [s]pere
+    On hors ar armyt, al redy for the were."                       652
+    "Wel," q{uo}d the king, "and but delay this ny{ch}t,
+    Or than to morn as that the day is lycht,
+  [Sidenote: The king says he will set off that very night.]
+    I [s]hal remuf; ther [s]hal no thing me mak
+    Impedyme{n}t, my Iorney for to tak."                           656
+    Than [s]eith his kny{ch}t{is} al w{i}t{h} one a[s][s]ent,
+  [Sidenote: His knights advise him to wait till he has raised an
+  army.]
+    "Shir, that is al contrare our entent;
+    For to your folk this mater is wnwi[s]t,
+    And ye ar here our few for to reci[s]t                         660
+    [Gh]one power, and youre cuntre to defende;
+    Tharfor abid, and for your folk ye send,
+    That lyk a king and lyk a weriour
+    Ye may [s]u[s]ten in armys your honoure."                      664
+    "Now," q{uod} the king, "no langer that I [gh]eme
+    My crowne, my [s]epture, nor my dyademe,
+    Frome that I here, ore frome I wnd{er}[s]tand,
+    That ther by fors be entrit in my land                         668
+    Men of armys, by [s]trenth of vyolens,
+  [Sidenote: He refuses to wait longer than till the morrow.]
+    If that I mak abid or re[s]ydens
+    In to o place langar than o ny{ch}t,
+    For to defend my cuntre {and} my ry{ch}t."                     672
+    The king that day his me[s]age haith furth sent         [Fol. 9b.]
+    Throuch al his realme, and [s]yne to re[s]t is went.
+
+    ++Up goith the morow, wp goith the bry{ch}t day,
+    Wp goith the sone in to his fre[s]h aray;                      676
+    Richt as he [s]pred his bemys frome northe[s]t,
+  [Sidenote: The king arises next morning without delay,]
+    The king wpra� w{i}t{h}outen more are[s]t,
+    And by his awn con[s]eil and entent
+    His Iornaye tuk at [s]hort awy[s]ment.                         680
+    And but dulay he goith frome place to place
+    Whill that he cam nere whare[T16] the lady was,
+  [Sidenote: and reaches a plain by the river side,]
+    And in one plane, apone o reuer [s]yde,
+    He lichtit doune, and ther he can abide;                       684
+    And yit w{i}t{h} hyme to batell fore to go
+  [Sidenote: having only seven thousand with him.]
+    Vij thousand fechter{is} war thei, {and} no mo.
+
+      [Footnote T16: MS. "whare that," with slight scratch through
+      "that."]
+
+  [Sidenote: Lancelot, having been imprisoned by the lady of
+  Melyhalt,]
+    ++This was the lady, of qwhome befor I tolde,
+    That lancilot haith in to hir kepinge holde;                   688
+    But for to tell his pa[s]ing hewyne[s][s]e,
+    His peyne, his [s]orow, and his gret di[s]tre[s][s]e
+    Of pre[s]one and of loues gret [s]uppris,
+    It war to long to me for to dewys.                             692
+    When he reme{m}brith one his hewy charge
+    Of loue, wharof he can hyme not di[s]charge,
+    He wepith and he [s]orowith in his chere,
+    And euery nyght [s]emyth hyme o yere.                          696
+    Gret peite was the [s]orow that he maad,
+  [Sidenote: laments his fate.]
+    And to hyme-[s]elf apone this wi� he [s]aade:
+
+[Headnote: LANCELOT'S LAMENT.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Lancelot's lament; his pleasure is gone;]
+    ++"Qwhat haue y gilt, allace! or qwhat de[s]{er}uit?
+    That thus myne hart [s]hal vondit ben {and} carwit             700
+      One by the [s]uord of double peine and wo?
+      My comfort and my ple[s]ans is ago,
+    To me is nat that [s]huld me glaid re[s]eruit.
+
+  [Sidenote: he curses his natal day;]
+    I cur� the tyme of myne Natiuitee,                             704
+    Whar in the heuen It ordinyd was for me,
+      In all my lyue neu{er} til haue ee�;
+      But for to be example of di[s]e�,
+    And that apperith that eu{er}y vicht may see.                  708
+
+  [Sidenote: he has never spent a single day free from anxiety,]
+    Sen thelke tyme that I had [s]ufficians
+    Of age, and chargit thoght{is} [s]ufferans,
+      Nor neu{er} I {con}tinewite haith o day
+      With-out the payne of thoght{is} hard a[s][s]ay;             712
+    Thus goith my youth in tempe[s]t {and} penans.
+
+  [Sidenote: and is now in prison; and invokes Death.]
+    And now my body is In pre[s]one broght;
+    But of my wo, that in Regard is noght,                  [Fol. 10.]
+      The wich myne hart felith euer more.                         716
+      O deth, allace! whi hath yow me forbore
+    That of remed haith the [s]o long be[s]oght!"
+
+  [Sidenote: Thus the smart of love's sorrow pricketh him.
+  He is kept by her from the exercise of knighthood;
+  and there we let him dwell.]
+    Thus neu{er}emore he [s]e[s]ith to compleine,
+    This woful knyght that felith not bot peine;                   720
+    So prekith hyme the [s]mert of loues [s]ore,
+    And eu{er}y day encre[s][s]ith more and more.
+    And with this lady takine is al[s]o,
+    And kepit whar he may no whare go                              724
+    To haunt knychthed, the wich he mo[s]t de[s]irit;
+    And, thus his hart w{i}t{h} dowbil wo yfirite,
+    We lat hyme duel here with the lady [s]till,
+    Whar he haith lai[s]ere for to compleine his fyll.             728
+
+[Headnote: GALIOT BESIEGES A CASTLE.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Meanwhile, Galiot besieged a castle.]
+    ++And galiot in this meyne tyme he laie
+    By [s]trong myght o ca[s]tell to a[s][s]ay,
+    With many engyne and diu{er}� wais [s]ere,
+    For of fute folk he had a gret powere                          732
+    That bowis bur, and vther In[s]trument{is},
+  [Sidenote: His army had pavilions, tents, and iron-wheeled
+  chariots.]
+    And with them lede ther pal[gh]onis {and} ther te{n}t{is},
+    With mony o [s]trong chariot and cher
+    With yrne qwhelis and barris long {and} [s]qwar;               736
+    Well [s]tuffit with al maner apparell
+    That longith to o [s]ege or to batell;
+    Whar-with his o[s]t was clo[s]it al about,
+    That of no [s]trenth nedith hyme to dout.                      740
+  [Sidenote: When he heard of Arthur's coming,]
+    And when he hard the cu{m}yne of the king,
+    And of his o[s]t, and of his gaderyng,
+    The wich he reput but of febil myght
+    Ayanis hyme for to [s]u[s]ten the ficht,                       744
+    His con[s]ell holl a[s][s]emblit he, but were,
+  [Sidenote: he assembled his council,]
+    Ten knight{is} with other lord{is} [s]ere,
+    And told theme of the cu{m}ing of the king,
+    And a[s]kit them there con[s]ell of that thing.                748
+  [Sidenote: who thought it would degrade him, to fight in proper
+  person against so few.]
+    Hyme thoght that it his wor[s]chip wold degrade,
+    If he hyme [s]elf in p{ro}pir p{er}[s]one raide
+    Enarmyt ayane [s]o few menye
+    As It was told arthur[{is}] fore to bee;                       752
+    And thane the kyng-An-hund{er}eth-kny{ch}t{is} cold,
+    (And [s]o he hot, for neu{er}more he wolde
+    Ryd of his lond, but In his cu{m}pany
+    O hundyre knyght{is} ful of chiuellry).                        756
+
+[Headnote: PREPARATION FOR THE BATTLE.]
+
+  [Sidenote: The king of a hundred knights (Maleginis) undertakes
+  the exploit;]
+    He [s]aith, "shir, ande I one hond [may] tak,          [Fol. 10b.]
+    If It you ple�, this Iorney [s]hal I mak."
+    Quod galiot, "I grant It yow, but ye
+    Shal fir[s]t go ryd, yone kny{ch}t{is} o[s]t {and} see."       760
+    With-outen more he ridith our the plan,
+    And [s]aw the o[s]t and is returnyd aya�;
+    And callit them mo than he hade [s]en, for why
+    He dred the reprefe of his cumpany.                            764
+  [Sidenote: who reconnoitres Arthur's host, and says it is 10,000
+  strong: whereon Galiot charges him to take the same number.]
+    And to his lord apone this wys [s]aith hee,
+    "Shir, ten thou[s]and y ges them for to bee."
+    And galiot haith chargit hyme to tak
+    Als fell folk, and for the feld hyme mak.                      768
+    And [s]o he doith and haith them wel Arayt;
+    Apone the morne his banaris war di[s]playt.
+
+    ++Up goth the trumpet{is} with the clariou{ni}s,
+    Ayaine the feld blawen furth ther [s]ownis,                    772
+  [Sidenote: Galiot's host set out.]
+    Furth goth this king w{i}t{h} al his o[s]t anon.
+    Be this the word wes to king arthur gone,
+    That knew no thing, nor wi[s]t of ther entent,
+  [Sidenote: Arthur's host don their armour.]
+    But [s]one his folk ar one to armys went;                      776
+    But arthur by Report hard saye
+  [Sidenote: Arthur, hearing that Galiot is unarmed, will not arm
+  himself;]
+    How galiot non armys bur that day,
+    Wharfor he thoght of armys nor of [s]held
+    None wald he tak, nor mak hyme for the feld.                   780
+  [Sidenote: but calls Gawane, and tells him how to order his
+  battalions.]
+    But gawane haith he clepit, was hyme by,
+    In qwhome Rignith the flour of cheuelry;
+    And told one what man{er}, and one what wy�
+    He [s]huld his batelles ordand and dewys;                      784
+    Be[s]eching hyme, [hyme] wi[s]ly to for-see
+    A[gh]aine thei folk, wich was far mo than hee.
+    He knew the charg and pa[s][s]ith one his way
+    Furth to his hor�, and makith no dulay;                        788
+    The clariou{n}is blew and furth goth al ono�,
+  [Sidenote: Gawane and his men cross over the water at the ford.]
+    And our ye watt{er} and the furd ar go�e.
+
+[Headnote: GAWANE HARANGUES HIS MEN.]
+
+    Within o playne vpone that other [s]yd
+    Ther gawan gon his batellis to dewide,                         792
+    As he wel couth, and set them i{n} aray,
+    Syne with o manly contynans can [s]ay,
+  [Sidenote: He harangues his men.]
+    "Ye falowis wich of the round table be�,
+    Through al this erth whois fam is hard {and} [s]en,            796
+    Reme{m}brith now It [s]tondith one the poynt,
+    For why It lyith one your [s]peris poynt,[T17]
+    The well-fare of the king and of our londe;             [Fol. 11.]
+    And [s]en the [s]ucour lyith in your honde,                    800
+    And hardement is thing [s]hall mo[s]t awaill
+    Frome deth ther men of armys in bataill,
+    Lat now your ma{n}hed and your hie curage
+    The pryd of al thir multitude a[s][s]uage;                     804
+    Deth or defence, non other thing we wot."
+  [Sidenote: Maleginis and all his host come over the plain, and
+  Gawane sends a company against them.]
+    This fre[s]ch king, that maleginis was hot,
+    With al his o[s]t he cu{m}myne our the pla�,
+    And gawan [s]end o batell hyme aga�;                           808
+    In myde the borde,[T18] and fe[s]tinit in the [s]tell
+    The [s]perithis poynt, that bitith [s]charp {and} well;
+  [Sidenote: But they were all too few; wherefore Gawane sends
+  a second company;]
+    Bot al to few thei war, and my{ch}t no{ch}t le[s]t
+    This gret Rout that cu{m}myth one [s]o fa[s]t.                 812
+    Than haith [s]{ir} gawan [s]end, them to [s]upport,
+    One othir batell with one kny{ch}tly sorte;
+  [Sidenote: then a third; then a fourth; and then sets out himself,
+  to resist the 10,000.]
+    And [s]yne the thrid, and [s]yne the ferde al[s]o;
+    And [s]yne hyme-[s]elf one to the feld can go,                 816
+    When that he [s]auch thar latt{er} batell [s]teir,
+    And the ten thou[s]and cu{m}myne al thei veir;
+    Qwhar that of armes prewit he so well,
+    His e{n}nemys gane his mortall [[s]trokis] fell.               820
+
+      [Footnote T17: At the bottom of this page appears for the
+      first time a catchword, which is-- "The wel fare."]
+      [Footnote T18: Or "berde."]
+
+[Headnote: GAWANE DEFEATS MALEGINIS.]
+
+  [Sidenote: He goes among them in his courage,]
+    He goith ymong them in his hie curage,
+    As he that had of knyghthed the w[s]age,
+    And couth hyme weill {con}ten i{n} to on hour;
+    A[gh]aine his [s]trok re[s]i[s]tit non armour;                 824
+  [Sidenote: and many other of Arthur's knights perform wonders.]
+    And mony kny{ch}t, that worth ware and bolde,
+    War thore with hyme of arthur{is} hou[s]hold,
+    And knyghtly gan one to the feld them bere,
+    And mekil wroght of armys In to were;                          828
+    S{ir} gawan than vpone [s]uch wy� hyme bure,
+  [Sidenote: Maleginis goeth to discomfiture, and 7,000 of his men
+  flee.]
+    This othere goith al to di[s]cu{m}fitoure;
+    Sewyne thou[s]and fled, {and} of the feld thei go,
+    Whar-of this king in to his hart was wo,                       832
+    For of hyme [s]elf he was of hie curage.
+    To galiot than [s]end he in me[s]ag,
+    That he [s]huld help his folk for to defende;
+  [Sidenote: Galiot sends him 30,000 more.]
+    And he to hyme hath xxx^te thousand sende;                     836
+    Whar-of this king gladith in his hart,
+    And thinkith to Reweng all the [s]mart
+    That he to-for haith [s]uffirit and the payne.         [Fol. 11b.]
+  [Sidenote: His folk return across the field as thick as hail.]
+    And al his folk returnyt Is ayayne                             840
+    Atour the feld, and cu{m}myne thilk as haill;[T19]
+    The [s]wyft hor� goith fir[s]t to the a[s][s]all.
+    This noble knyght that [s]eith the g{r}ete for�
+    Of armyt men, that cu{m}myne vpone hor�,                       844
+    To-giddir [s]emblit al his falow[s]chip,
+    And thoght them at the [s]harp poynt to kep,
+    So that thar har[-m] [s]hal be ful deir yboght.
+    This vthere folk with [s]traucht cour� hath [s]ocht            848
+    Out of aray atour the larg felld;
+    Thar was the [s]trok{is} fe[s]tnit i{n} the [s]helde,
+    Thei war Re[s]auit at the [s]per{is} end.
+  [Sidenote: Arthur's folk receive them manfully.]
+    So arthur{is} folk can manfully defend;                        852
+    The forme[s]t can thar lyues end conclude,
+    Whar [s]one a[s][s]emblit al the multitude.
+    Thar was defens, ther was gret a[s][s]aill,
+    Richt wond{er}full and [s]trong was y^e bataill,               856
+  [Sidenote: but sustain much pain,]
+    Whar arthur{is} folk [s]u[s]tenit mekil payn,
+    And kny{ch}tly them defendit haith a[gh]aine.
+
+      [Footnote T19: MS. "thilk as (Rayne) haill," as if it were at
+      first intended to find a rime to "ayayne."]
+
+[Headnote: GAWANE'S VALIANT DEEDS.]
+
+  [Sidenote: and cannot endure against so many.]
+    Bot endur thei my{ch}t, apone no wy�,
+    The multitude and ek the gret [s]upp{ri}�;                     860
+    But gawan, wich that [s]etith al h{is} payn
+    Vpone knyghthed, defendid [s]o a[gh]aine,
+    That only in the manhede of this knyght
+    His folk reIo[s]it them of his gret myght,                     864
+    And ek aba[s]it hath his ennemys;
+    For throw the feld he goith in [s]uch wy�,
+    And in the pre� [s]o ma{n}fully them [s]{er}uith,
+  [Sidenote: Gawane carves helmets in two, and smites heads off
+  shoulders;]
+    His [s]uerd atwo the helmys al to-kerwith,                     868
+    The hed{is} of he be the [s]houd{er}is [s]mat;
+    The hor� goith, of the mai[s]t{er} de[s]olat.
+    But what awaleth al his be[s]ynes,
+    So [s]trong and [s]o in[s]ufferable vas the pre�?              872
+  [Sidenote: but his men recross the ford to go to their lodges.]
+    His folk are pa[s][s]it atour the furdis ilkon,
+    Towart ther bretis and to ther luges gon;
+    Whar he and many worthy knyght al[s]o
+    Of arthur{is} hou� endurit mekill wo,                          876
+    That neu{er} men mar in to armys vroght
+    Of manhed, [gh]it was It al for noght.
+    Thar was the [s]trenth, ther was the pa[s]ing myght     [Fol. 12.]
+  [Sidenote: Gawane fights alone till night,]
+    Of gawan, wich that whill the dirk nyght                       880
+    Befor the luges faucht al hyme alo�,
+    When that his falowis entrit ware ilko�,
+    On arthur{is} half war mony tan and [s]lan;
+  [Sidenote: when Galiot's folk return home.]
+    And galot{is} folk Is hame ret{u}rnyd a[gh]aine,               884
+    For it was lait; away the o[s]tis ridith,
+    And gawan [gh]it apone his hor� abidith,
+    W{i}t{h} [s]uerd in hond, when thei away var gon,
+    And so for-wrocht hys ly{m}mys ver ilkon,                      888
+    And wondit ek his body vp and doune,
+  [Sidenote: Gawane swoons upon his horse.]
+    Vpone his hor� Right thore he fel in [s]woune;
+    And thei hyme tuk {and} to his lugyne bare,
+  [Sidenote: The king and queen fear he has brought himself to
+  confusion.]
+    Boith king and qwen of hyme vare i{n} di[s]pare;               892
+    For thei [s]uppo[s]it, throw marwellis that he vroght,
+    He had hyme-[s]elf to his confu[s]iou{n}e broght.
+
+[Headnote: LANCELOT PRAYS TO BE RELEASED.]
+
+      [T]his[T20] was nere by of melyhalt, the hyll,
+    Whar lan[s]celot [gh]it was w{i}t{h} the lady [s]till.         896
+    The kny{ch}t{is} of the court [can] pa[s]ing ho[-m]e;
+    This ladiis kny{ch}t{is} to hir palice com,
+    And told to hir, how that the feld was vent,
+  [Sidenote: The lady of Melyhalt hears of Gawane's deeds;]
+    And of gawan, and of his hardyme{n}t,                          900
+    That merwell was his manhed to behold;
+  [Sidenote: and Lancelot also,]
+    And [s]one thir tithing{is} to the kny{ch}t vas told,
+    That was with wo and hewyne[s]s oppre[s]t;
+    So noyith hyme his [s]uiorne and his re[s]t,                   904
+  [Sidenote: who sends for a knight to take a message to the lady;]
+    And but dulay one for o kny{ch}t he send,
+    That was mo[s]t [s]peciall with the lady kend.
+    He comyne, and the kny{ch}t vn to hyme [s]aid,
+    "Di[s]ple� yow not, [s]{ir}, be [gh]he not ill paid,           908
+    So homly thus I yow exort to go,
+    To gare my lady [s]pek o word or two
+    With me, that am a carful p{re}[s]onere."[T21]
+    "S{ir}, your co{m}mande y [s]hall, w{i}t{h}outen were,         912
+    Fulfill;" and to his lady pa[s][s]it hee
+    In lawly wy� be[s]iching hir, that [s]he
+    Wald grant hyme to pas at his reque[s]t,
+    Vnto hir kny{ch}t, [s]tood wnd{er} hir are[s]t;                916
+    And [s]he, that knew al gentille� aright,
+  [Sidenote: who comes to his chamber.]
+    Furth to his chamber pa[s][s]it wight[T22] the licht.
+
+      [Footnote T20: See note to this line.]
+      [Footnote T21: MS. "preson{er}ere."]
+      [Footnote T22: Read "with" (?).]
+
+    ++And he aro� and [s]alu[s]t Curta[s]ly                [Fol. 12b.]
+  [Sidenote: Lancelot beseeches her to appoint his ransom,]
+    The lady, and [s]aid, "madem, her I,                           920
+    Your pre[s]oner, be[s]ekith yow that [gh]he
+    Wold mer[s]y and compa[s][s]ione have of me,
+    And mak the ran[s]one wich that I may yeif;
+    I wai[s]t my tyme in presou{n}e thus to leife.                 924
+    For why I her on be report be told,
+    That arthur, with the flour of his hou[s]holde,
+    Is cu{m}myne here, and in this cuntre lyis,
+    And [s]tant In danger of his ennemyis,                         928
+    And haith a[s][s]emblit; and eft this [s]halt bee
+    Within [s]hort tyme one new a[s][s]emblee.
+    Thar-for, my lady, y youe g{ra}ce be[s]ech,
+    That I mycht pas, my Ran[s]on for to fech;                     932
+  [Sidenote: presuming that some of Arthur's knights will pay it.]
+    Fore I p{re}[s]ume thar longith to that [s]ort
+    That louid me, and [s]hal my nede [s]upport."
+
+[Headnote: THE LADY AT FIRST REFUSES;]
+
+    ++"Shire kny{ch}t, It [s]tant no{ch}t in [s]ich dugree;
+  [Sidenote: She replies that she does not want a ransom, but has
+  imprisoned him for his guilt.]
+    It is no ran[s]one wich that cau[s]ith me                      936
+    To holden yow, or don yow [s]ich offens;
+    It is your gilt, It is your wiolens,
+    Whar-of that I de[s]ir no thing but law,
+    W{i}t{h}out report your aw� tre[s]pas to knaw."                940
+    "Madem, your ple[s]ance may ye wel fulfill
+    Of me, that am in p{re}[s]one at your will.
+  [Sidenote: He prays for pardon,]
+    Bot of that gilt, I was for til excu�,
+    For that I did of werrey nede behw�,                           944
+    It tuechit to my honore and my fame;
+    I mycht no{ch}t lefe It but hurting of my nam,
+    And ek the knycht was mor to blam than I.
+    But ye, my lady, of your curte[s][s]y,                         948
+    Wold [gh]e deden my Ransou{n}e to re[s]aue,
+  [Sidenote: and begs for liberty:]
+    Of pre[s]one [s]o I my libertee myght haue,
+    Y ware [gh]olde eu{er}more [to be] your knyght,
+    Whill that I leif, w{i}t{h} al my holl myght.                  952
+    And if [s]o be ye lykith not to ma
+  [Sidenote: or at least to be allowed to go to the next battle,]
+    My ra{n}[s]one, [madem,] if me leif to ga
+    To the a[s][s]emble, wich [s]al be of new;
+  [Sidenote: under a promise to return at night.]
+    And as that I am feithful kny{ch}t {and} trew,                 956
+    At ny{ch}t to yow I ent{er} [s]hall a[gh]aine,
+    But if that deth or other lat c{er}ta�,
+    Throw wich I [may] have [s]uch Impediment,
+    That I be hold,[T23] magre myne entent."           960  [Fol. 13.]
+
+      [Footnote T23: MS. "behold."]
+
+[Headnote: BUT AT LAST GRANTS HIS BOON.]
+
+  [Sidenote: She consents, if he will specify to her his name.]
+    "S{ir} kny{ch}t," q{uo}d [s]he, "I grant yow leif, w{i}t{h}thy
+    Your name to me that [gh]e wil [s]pecify."
+    "Madem, as [gh]it, [s]utly I ne may
+    Duclar my name, one be no man{er} way;                         964
+  [Sidenote: He refuses for the present.]
+    But I p{ro}myt, als fa[s]t as I haue tyme
+    Conuenient, or may vith-outen cryme,
+    I [s]hall;" and than the lady [s]aith hyme tyll,
+    "And I, [s]chir kny{ch}t, one this condi[s]cione will          968
+  [Sidenote: She grants him leave, under the proposed condition.]
+    Grant yow leve, [s]o that ye obli[s]t bee
+    For to Return, as ye haue [s]aid to me."
+    Thus thei accord, the lady goith to re[s]t,
+    The [s]one di[s]cending clo[s]it in the ve[s]t;                972
+    The ferd day was dewy[s]it for to bee
+    Betuex the o[s]t{is} of the a[s][s]emblee.
+
+    ++And galiot Richt arly by the day,
+    Ayane the feld he can h{is} folk aray;                         976
+  [Sidenote: Galiot assembles 40,000 fresh men.]
+    And fourty thou[s]and armyt me{n} haith he,
+    That war not at the othir a[s][s]emble,
+    Co{m}mandit to the batell for to gon;
+    "And I my-[s]elf," q{uod} he, "[s]hal me di[s]pone             980
+    On to the feild a[gh]aine the thrid day;
+    Whar of this were we [s]hal the end a[s][s]ay."
+
+  [Sidenote: Arthur also provides his men for the field.]
+    ++ANd arthur{is} folk that come one eu{er}y [s]yd,
+    He for the feld can them for to p{ro}uide,                     984
+    Wich ware to few a[gh]aine the gret affere
+    Of galiot [gh]it to [s]u[s]ten the were.
+  [Sidenote: The knights of Melyhalt join him.]
+    The kny{ch}t{is} al out of the cete ro�
+    Of melyholt, and to the [s]emble gois.                         988
+  [Sidenote: The lady secretly provides Lancelot with a red courser,
+  and a shield and spear, both red also.]
+    And the lady haith, in to [s]acret wy�,
+    Gart for hir kny{ch}t and pre[s]on{er} dewy�
+    In red al thing, that ganith for the were;
+    His cur[s]eir red, [s]o was boith [s]cheld {and} [s]pere.      992
+
+[Headnote: LANCELOT ENCOURAGES HIMSELF.]
+
+    {And} he, to qwham the pre[s]one hath ben [s]mart,
+    With glaid de[s]ir apone his cur[s]our [s]tart;
+  [Sidenote: He rides towards the field, and halts in a plain by the
+  river-side.]
+    Towart the feld anon he gan to ryd,
+    And in o plan houit one reu{er} syde.                          996
+    This kny{ch}t, the wich that long haith ben i{n} cag,
+  [Sidenote: Lancelot is encouraged, seeing the blithe morn, the mead,
+  the river, the green woods, and the knights and banners.]
+    He grew in to o fre[s]ch {and} new curage,
+    Seing the morow bly{th}full and amen,
+    The med, the Reuer, and the vodis gren,                       1000
+    The kny{ch}t{is} in [ther] armys them arayinge,
+    The baner{is} ayaine the feld di[s]playng,             [Fol. 13b.]
+    His [gh]outh in [s]trenth and in p{ro}[s]perytee,
+    And [s]yne of lu[s]t the gret aduer[s]ytee.[T24]              1004
+    Thus in his tho{ch}t reme{m}bryng at the la[s]t,
+  [Sidenote: Casting his eyes aside, he sees the queen looking over
+  a parapet.]
+    Eft{er}ward one [s]yd he gan his Ey to ca[s]t,
+    Whar our a bertes[T25] lying haith he sen
+    Out to the feld luking was the qwen;                          1008
+    Sudandly with that his go[s]t a[s]tart
+  [Sidenote: Love catches him by the heart.]
+    Of loue anone haith caucht hyme by the hart;
+    Than [s]aith he, "How long [s]hall It be so,
+    Loue, at yow [s]hall wirk me al this wo?                      1012
+    Apone this wy� to be Infortunat,
+    Hir for to [s]{er}ue the wich thei no thing wate
+    What [s]ufferance I in hir wo endure,
+    Nor of my wo, nor of myne aduenture?                          1016
+    And I wnworthy ame for to attane
+    To hir p{rese}ns, nor dare I noght complane.
+  [Sidenote: He counsels his heart to help itself at need,]
+    Bot, hart, [s]en at yow knawith [s]he is here,
+    That of thi lyue and of thi deith is [s]tere,                 1020
+    Now is thi tyme, now help thi-[s]elf at neid,
+    And the dewod of eu{er}y point of dred,
+  [Sidenote: to forego cowardice,]
+    That cowardy be none In to the se�,
+    Fore and yow do, yow knowis thi peyne, I weyn;                1024
+    Yow art wnable eu{er} to attane
+    To hir mercy, or cum be ony mayne.
+  [Sidenote: and to deserve her thanks or die.]
+    Tharfor y red hir thonk at yow di[s][s]erue,
+    Or in hir p{rese}ns lyk o kny{ch}t to [s]terf."               1028
+
+      [Footnote T24: May we read "diuer[s]ytee"?]
+      [Footnote T25: MS. "abertes."]
+
+[Headnote: THE RED KNIGHT'S TRANCE.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Confused with a heavy thought,]
+    With that confu[s]it w{i}t{h} an hewy tho{ch}t,
+    Wich ner his deith ful oft tyme haith hyme [s]o{ch}t,
+    Deuoydit was his sprit{is} and his go[s]t,
+    He wi[s]t not of hyme-[s]elf nor of his o[s]t;                1032
+  [Sidenote: he [sits] on his horse as still as stone.]
+    Bot one his hor�, als [s]till as ony [s]ton.
+    When that the kny{ch}t{is} armyt war ilkon,
+  [Sidenote: The bugles are blown, and the knights are ready on
+  horseback, 20,000 in number.]
+    To warnnyng them vp goith the bludy [s]own,
+    And eu{er}y knyght vpone his hor� is bown;                    1036
+    Twenty thou[s]and armyt men of were.
+    The king that day he wold non armys bere;
+    His batell{is} ware devy[s]it eu{er}ilkon,
+  [Sidenote: They are forbidden to cross the fords, but cannot
+  be restrained.]
+    And them forbad out our the furd{is} to gon.                  1040
+    Bot frome that thei ther ennemys haith sen,
+    In to [s]uch wys thei cout{h} them noght [s]u[s]te�;
+    Bot ovr thei went vithouten more delay,          [Fol. 14.]
+    And can them one that oy{er} sid a[s][s]ay.                   1044
+  [Sidenote: The red knight still halting by the ford, a herald
+  seizes his bridle, and bids him awake.]
+    The red kny{ch}t [s]till in to his hewy thoght
+    Was hufyng [gh]it apone the furd, {and} noght
+    Wi[s]t of hime [s]elf; with that a harrold com,
+    And [s]one the kny{ch}t he be the brydill nom,                1048
+    Saying, "awalk! It is no tyme to [s]lep;
+    Your wor[s]chip more expedient vare to kep."
+    No word he [s]pak, [s]o prikith hyme the [s]mart
+    Of hevynes, that [s]tood vnto his hart.                       1052
+  [Sidenote: Two shrews next approach; one takes his shield off his
+  neck,]
+    Two [s]crewis cam with that, of quhich [that] o�
+    The kny{ch}t{is} [s]held ry{ch}t frome his hals haith to�;
+  [Sidenote: the other casts water at his ventayle, which causes him
+  to wink, and arouse himself.]
+    That vthir watt{er} takith atte la[s]t,
+    And in the kny{ch}t{is} wentail haith It ca[s]t;              1056
+    When that he felt the vatt{er} that vas cold,
+    He wonk, and gan about hyme to behold,
+    And thinkith how he [s]um-quhat haith my[s]go�.
+    With that his [s]pere In to his hand haith ton,               1060
+  [Sidenote: He goes to the field, and sees the first-conquest king.]
+    Goith to the feild w{i}t{h}outen vordis more;
+    So was he vare whare that there cam before,
+    O manly man he was in to al thing,
+    And clepit was the fer[s]t-conquest king.                     1064
+    The Red kny{ch}t w{i}t{h} [the] [s]pur{is} [s]mat the [s]ted,
+    The tother cam, that of hyme hath no drede;
+  [Sidenote: They meet.]
+    With fer� curag ben the kny{ch}t{is} met,
+    The king his [s]pere apone the kny{ch}t hath set,             1068
+    That al in peci� flaw in to the felde;
+
+[Headnote: THE RED KNIGHT FIGHTS LIKE A LION.]
+
+  [Sidenote: The red knight, though shieldless, overthrows his foe.]
+    His hawbrek helpit, [s]uppos he had no [s]cheld.
+    And he the king in to the [s]cheld haith ton,
+    That hor� and man boith to the erd ar gon.                    1072
+  [Sidenote: The shrew restores his shield.]
+    Than to the kny{ch}t he cu{m}myth, that haith tan
+    His [s]held, to hyme deliu{er}ith It ayane,
+    Be[s]iching hyme that of his Ignorance,
+    That knew hyme nat, as takith no grewance.                    1076
+    The kny{ch}t h{is} [s]che[l]d but mor delay haith tak,
+    And let hyme go, and no thing to hyme [s]pak.
+    Than thei the[T26] wich that [s]o at erth haith [s]en
+  [Sidenote: The men of the first-conquest king come to the rescue.]
+    Ther lord, the fer[s]t-conque[s]t king, y me�,                1080
+    In hai[s]t thei cam, as that thei var agrevit,
+    And manfully thei haith ther king Releuit.
+
+      [Footnote T26: MS. "thei," altered to "thee," which is still
+      wrong.]
+
+      [A]nd Arthuris folk, that lykith not to byde,
+    In goith the spur{is} in the [s]ted{is} syde;                 1084
+    To-giddir thar a[s][s]emblit al the o[s]t:             [Fol. 14b.]
+    At whois meting many o kny{ch}t was lo[s]t.
+  [Sidenote: The battle was right cruel to behold.]
+    The batell was richt crewell to behold,
+    Of kny{ch}t{is} wich that haith there lyvis [gh]olde.         1088
+    One to the hart the [s]pere goith throw the [s]cheld,
+    The kny{ch}t{is} gaping lyith in the feld.
+    The red kny{ch}t, byrnyng in loues fyre,
+    Goith to o kny{ch}t, als [s]wift as ony vyre,                 1092
+    The wich he per[s]it throuch {and} throuch the hart;
+  [Sidenote: The red knight loses his spear, but draws his sword,
+  and roams the field like a lion.]
+    The [s]pere is went; w{i}t{h} that anon he [s]tart,
+    And out o [s]uerd in to his hond he tais;
+    Lyk to o lyone in to the feld he gais,                        1096
+    In to his Rag [s]myting to and fro
+    Fro [s]um the arm, fro [s]um the nek in two,
+    Sum in the feild lying is in [s]wou{n},
+  [Sidenote: Some he cleaves to the belt.]
+    And sum his [s]uerd goith to the belt al dou�e.               1100
+    For qwhen that he beholdith to the qwen,
+    Who had ben thore his manhed to haue sen,
+    His doing in to armys and his myght,
+    Shwld [s]ay in world war not [s]uch o wight.                  1104
+  [Sidenote: His fellows take comfort from his deeds,]
+    His falou[s]chip siche comfort of his dede
+    Haith ton, that thei ther ennemys ne dreid;
+    But can them-self ay manfoly conten
+    In to the [s]tour, that hard was to [s]u[s]ten;               1108
+  [Sidenote: though Galiot's host was a surpassing multitude.]
+    For galyot was O pa[s]ing multitude
+    Of prewit men in armys that war gude,
+    The wich can w{i}t{h} o fre[s]ch curag a[s][s]aill
+    Ther ennemys that day In to batell;                           1112
+  [Sidenote: Had it not been for the manhood of the red knight,
+  Arthur's folk had been in peril.]
+    That ne ware not the vor[s]chip {and} manhede
+    Of the red kny{ch}t, in p{er}ell and in dreid
+    Arthur{is} folk had ben, vith-outen vere;
+    Set thei var good, thei var of [s]mal powere.                 1116
+
+[Headnote: GAWANE BEHOLDS THE RED KNIGHT.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Gawane is led to the parapet,]
+    And gawan, wich gart bryng hyme-[s]elf befor
+    To the bertes, set he was vondit sore,
+    Whar the qwen vas, and whar that he my{ch}t see
+    The manere of the o[s]t and a[s][s]emble;                     1120
+    And when that he the gret manhed haith sen
+  [Sidenote: and saith to the queen, that none ever did better than
+  yon red knight.]
+    Of the red kny{ch}t, he [s]aith one to the qwen,
+    "Madem, [gh]one knyght in to the armys Rede,
+    Nor neu{er} I hard nore [s]aw in to no [s]ted                 1124
+    O kny{ch}t, the wich that in to [s]chortar [s]pace
+    In armys haith mor forton nore mor grace;
+    Nore bettir doith boith with [s]per and [s]cheild,
+    He is the hed and comfort of our feild."          1128  [Fol. 15.]
+  [Sidenote: The queen prays for Lancelot.]
+    "Now, [s]{ir}, I trai[s]t that neu{er} more vas [s]en
+    No man in feild more knyghtly hyme {con}ten;
+    I pray to hyme that eu{er}y thing hath cure,
+    Saif hyme fro deth or wykit aduenture."                       1132
+  [Sidenote: The field was perilous on both sides,]
+    The feild It was ry{ch}t p{er}ellus and [s]trong
+    On boith the [s]ydis, and continewit long,
+  [Sidenote: from early morn till the sun had gone down.]
+    Ay from the [s]one the varld{is} face gan licht
+    Whill he was gone {and} cu{m}yne vas the nycht;               1136
+    And than o for� thei my{ch}t It not a[s][s]tart,
+    On eu{er}y [s]yd behouit them depart.
+  [Sidenote: Every knight then returns home, and the red knight
+  privily goes back to the city.]
+    The feild is don and ham goith eu{er}y kny{ch}t,
+    And prevaly, unwi[s]t of any wicht,                           1140
+    The way the red kny{ch}t to the cete taiis,
+    As he had hecht, {and} in h{is} chambre gais.
+    When arthure hard how the kny{ch}t Is gon,
+    He blamyt [s]ore his lordis eu{er}ilk-one;                    1144
+    And oft he haith remembrit in his thoght,
+  [Sidenote: Arthur, seeing the multitude of Galiot's men, recalls
+  his dream, saying,]
+    What multitud that galiot had broght;
+    Seing his folk that ware so ewil arayt,
+    In to his mynd he [s]tondith al affrayt,                      1148
+    And [s]aith, "I trai[s]t ful [s]uth It [s]al be founde
+    My drem Richt as the clerk{is} gan expounde;
+  [Sidenote: "My men now fail me at need."]
+    For why my men fail[gh]eis now at neid,
+    My-[s]elf, my londe, in p{er}ell and in dreide."              1152
+
+[Headnote: GALIOT PROPOSES A TRUCE.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Galiot tells his council]
+    And galiot vpone hie wor[s]chip set,
+    And his con[s]ell anon he gart be fet,
+    To them he [s]aith, "with arthur weil [gh]e see
+    How that It [s]tant, and to qwhat degre,                      1156
+    A[gh]anis ws that he is no poware;
+  [Sidenote: that there is no honour in conquering Arthur,]
+    Wharfor, me think, no wor[s]chip to ws ware
+    In conqueryng of hyme, nor of his londe,
+    He haith no [s]trenth, he may ws not vith[s]tonde.            1160
+    Wharfor, me think It be[s]t is to delay,
+  [Sidenote: and proposes a twelvemonth's truce.]
+    And re[s]put hyme for a tuelmo�eth day,
+    Whill that he may a[s][s]emble al his myght;
+    Than is mor wor[s]chip a[gh]anis hyme to ficht;"              1164
+    And thus concludit thoght hyme for the be[s]t.
+    The very kny{ch}t{is} pa[s][s]ing to there Re[s]t;
+    Of melyholt the ladeis kny{ch}t{is} ilkone
+    Went home, and to hir p{rese}ns ar thei gon;                  1168
+  [Sidenote: The lady of Melyholt asks her knights who hath won
+  most honour.]
+    At qwhome ful [s]one than gan [s]cho to Inquere,
+    And al the maner of the o[s]t{is} till spere;
+    How that It went, and in what man{er} wy�,
+    Who haith mo[s]t wor[s]chip, {and} who is mo[s]t to pry�?     1172
+    "Madem," q{uod} thei, "O kny{ch}t was In the feild,    [Fol. 15b.]
+  [Sidenote: They reply, that a red knight had exceeded all others.]
+    Of Red was al his armour and his [s]held,
+    Whois manhed can al otheris to exced,
+    May nan report in armys half his deid;                        1176
+    Ne wor his wor[s]chip, [s]hortly to conclud,
+    Our folk of help had ben al de[s]titud.
+    He haith the thonk, the vor[s]chip in hyme lyis,
+    That we the feld defendit in [s]ich wy�."                     1180
+  [Sidenote: The lady wonders if her prisoner is meant.]
+    The lady thane one to hir-[s]elf haith tho{ch}t,
+    "Whether Is [gh]one my p{re}[s]onar, ore noght?
+    The [s]uthfa[s]tne� that [s]hal y wit onon."
+    When euery wight vn to ther Re[s]t war gon,                   1184
+
+[Headnote: THE LADY VISITS LANCELOT.]
+
+  [Sidenote: She calls her cousin,]
+    She clepith one hir cw[s]ynes ful nere
+    Wich was to hir mo[s]t [s]peciall and dere,
+    And [s]aith to hir, "qwheyar if yone bee
+    Our pre[s]oner, my consell Is we see."                        1188
+  [Sidenote: who takes a torch, and they go to the stable,]
+    With that the maden In hir hand hath ton
+    O torche, and to the [s]tabille ar thei gon;
+  [Sidenote: and find his steed wounded.]
+    And fond his [s]ted lying at the ground,
+    Wich wery was, ywet w{i}t{h} mony wounde.                     1192
+    The maden [s]aith, "vpone this hor� is [s]en,
+    He in the place quhar strok{is} was hath be�;
+    And [gh]hit the hor� It is no{ch}t wich that hee
+    Furt{h} w{i}t{h} hyme hade;"--the lady [s]aid, "p{er} dee,    1196
+    He v[s]yt haith mo hor� than one or two;
+  [Sidenote: Next they view his armour,]
+    I red one to his armys at we go."
+    Tharwith one to his armys ar thei went;
+  [Sidenote: and find his hauberk rent, and his shield frushed all
+  to naught.]
+    Thei fond his helm, thei fond his hawbrek rent,               1200
+    Thei fond his [s]cheld was fru[s]chit al to no{ch}t;
+    At [s]chort, his armour In sich wy� vas vro{ch}t
+    In eu{er}y place, that no thing was left haill,
+    Nore neu{er} eft accordith to bataill.                        1204
+  [Sidenote: They think he has well used his armour.]
+    Than [s]aith the lady to hir cu[s]yne�,
+    "What [s]al we [s]ay, what of this mat{er} ge�?"
+    "Madem, I [s]ay, thei have no{ch}t ben abwsyt;
+    He that them bur [s]chortly he has them v[s]yt."              1208
+    "That may [gh]e [s]ay, [s]uppos the be[s]t that lewis,
+    Or mo[s]t of wor[s]chip in til armys prewis,
+    Or [gh]hit haith ben in ony tyme befor�,
+    Had them in feld in his ma[s]t curag bor�."                   1212
+  [Sidenote: They next visit the knight himself,]
+    "Now," q{uo}d the lady, "will we pa�, and see
+    The kny{ch}t hyme-self, and ther the [s]ut{h} may we
+    Knaw of this thing." Incontynent them[T27] boith        [Fol. 16.]
+    Thir ladeis vn to his chambre goith.                          1216
+  [Sidenote: who was now asleep.]
+    The kny{ch}t al wery fallyng was on [s]lep;
+    This maden pa[s][s]ith In, {and} takith kep.
+  [Sidenote: The lady's cousin observes his breast and shoulders
+  bloody, his face hurt, and his fists swollen.]
+    Sche [s]auch his bre[s]t w{i}t{h} al his [s]chowd{er}is bare,
+    That bludy war and woundit her and thare;                     1220
+    His face was al to-hurt and al to-[s]chent,
+    His newis [s]wellyng war and al to-Rent.
+    Sche [s]mylyt a lyt, and to hir lady [s]aid,
+    "It [s]emyth weill this kny{ch}t hath ben a[s][s]aid."        1224
+
+      [Footnote T27: "then" (?).]
+
+[Headnote: THE LADY IS LOVE-SMITTEN.]
+
+  [Sidenote: The lady next observes him,]
+    The lady [s]auch, and rewit in hir thoght
+    The kny{ch}t{is} wor[s]chip wich that he haith vroght.
+  [Sidenote: and is smitten to the heart by the dart of love,]
+    In hire Reme{m}brance loues fyre dart
+    W{i}t{h} hot de[s]yre hir [s]mat one to the hart;             1228
+    And then a quhill, w{i}t{h}-outen word{is} mo,
+    In to hir mynd thinking to and fro,
+    She [s]tudeit [s]o, and at the la[s]t abraid
+  [Sidenote: and prays her cousin to draw aside, while she kisses
+  the knight.]
+    Out of hir tho{ch}t, and [s]udandly thus [s]aid,              1232
+    "W{i}t{h}-draw," q{uod} [s]he, "one [s]yd a lyt[T28] the lyght,
+    Or that I pa� that I may ky� the knyght."
+
+      [Footnote T28: MS. "alyt."]
+
+[Headnote: HER COUSIN REPROVES HER.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Her cousin reproves her,]
+    "Madem," q{uod} [s]che, "what is It at [gh]e me�?
+    Of hie wor[s]chip our mekill have [gh]e se�                   1236
+    So sone to be [s]upp{ri}[s]it w{i}t{h} o thoght.
+  [Sidenote: lest the knight should awake.]
+    What is It at [gh]he think? p{re}[s]wm [gh]e noght
+    That if yon kny{ch}t wil walkin, and p{er}[s]aif,
+    He [s]hal yarof no thing bot ewill con[s]aif;                 1240
+    In his entent Ruput yow therby
+    The ablare to al ly{ch}tne� and foly?
+    And blam the more al vther{is} in h{is} mynd,
+    If your gret wit in [s]ich de[s]ire he fynde?"                1244
+  [Sidenote: The lady replies.]
+    "Nay," q{uod} the lady, "no thing may I do
+    For [s]ich o kny{ch}t may be defam me to."
+  [Sidenote: Her cousin next argues the point;]
+    "Madem, I wot that for to loue yone kny{ch}t,
+    Con[s]idir his fame, his wor[s]chip, and h{is} my{ch}t;       1248
+    And to begyne as wor[s]chip wil dewy�,
+    Syne he ayaine my{ch}t lowe yow one [s]uch wy�,
+    And hold yow for his lady and his loue,
+    It war to yow no maner of Reprwe.                             1252
+  [Sidenote: "What if he loves another?"]
+    But quhat if he appelit be and thret
+    His hart to lowe, and ellis whar y-[s]et?
+    And wel y wot, madem, if It be so,
+    His hart hyme sal not [s]uffir to loue two,                   1256
+    For noble hart wil have no dowbilne�;                  [Fol. 16b.]
+    If It be [s]o, [gh]he tyne yowr low, I ge�;
+    Than is your-[s]elf, than is your loue Refu[s]it,
+    Your fam is hurt, your gladne� is conclu[s]it.                1260
+    My con[s]ell is, therfore, you to ab[s]ten
+    Whill that to yow the werray Ry{ch}t be [s]e�
+    Of his entent, the wich ful [s]on [gh]he may
+    Have knawlag, If yow lykith to a[s][s]ay."                    1264
+  [Sidenote: She persuades the lady to return to her chamber,
+  without further delay.]
+    So mokil to hir lady haith [s]he vroght
+    That at that tyme [s]he haith Ret{ur}nyt h{ir} tho{ch}t,
+    And to hir chambre went, w{i}t{h}outen more,
+    Whar loue of new a[s][s]aith hir ful sore.                    1268
+    So well long thei [s]peking of the kny{ch}t,
+  [Sidenote: Her cousin labours to expel her love for Lancelot from
+  her thoughts, but her labour is in vain.]
+    Hir cu[s]ynace hath don al at [s]he my{ch}t
+    For to expel that thing out of hir tho{ch}t;
+    It wil not be, hir labour Is for no{ch}t.                     1272
+    Now leif we hir In to hir newe[s]t pan,
+    And to arthur we wil retwrn aga�.
+
+EXPLICIT P{RI}M{US} LIBER, INCIPIT SECUND{US}.
+
+
+[Headnote: ARTHUR'S GREAT ANXIETY.]
+
+[BOOK II.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Night.]
+    ++The clowdy nyght, wndir whois ob[s]cure
+    The re[s]t and quiet of euery criatur                         1276
+    Lyith [s]auf, quhare the go[s]t w{i}t{h} be[s]yne�
+    Is occupiit, w{i}t{h} thoghtfull hewynes;
+    And, for that tho{ch}t furth [s]chewing vil h{is} my{ch}t,
+    Go fare-wel re[s]t and quiet of the ny{ch}t.                  1280
+  [Sidenote: Arthur cannot rest.]
+    Artur, I meyne, to whome that re[s]t is no{ch}t,
+    But al the ny{ch}t [s]uppri[s]it is with tho{ch}t;
+    In to his bed he turnyth to and fro,
+    Remembryng the apperans of his wo,                            1284
+    That is to [s]ay, his deith, his confu[s]ioune,
+    And of his realme the opin di[s]truccioune.
+    That in his wit he can no thing p{ro}wide,
+    Bot tak his forton thar for to abyd.                          1288
+  [Sidenote: The sun goeth up.]
+    Vp goith the [s]on, vp goith the hot morow;
+    The thoghtful king al the ny{ch}t to [s]orow,
+    That [s]auch the day, vpone his feit he [s]tart,        [Fol. 17.]
+  [Sidenote: Arthur goeth forth.]
+    And furth he goith, di[s]trublit in his hart.                 1292
+    A quhill he walkith in his pen[s]yf go[s]t,
+  [Sidenote: He hears that a clerk has arrived,]
+    So was he ware thar cu{m}myne to the o[s]t
+    O clerk, with whome he was aqwynt befor,
+    In to his tyme non bett{er} was y-bore;                       1296
+    Of qwhois com he gretly vas Reio[s]it,
+    For in to hyme [s]um comfort he [s]uppo[s]it;
+  [Sidenote: between whom and himself there was a hearty affection.]
+    Betuex them was one hartly affeccioune.
+    Non ord{er}is had he of Relegioune,                           1300
+    Fam{us} he was, and of gret excellence,
+  [Sidenote: He was expert in the seven sciences,]
+    And ry{ch}t exp{er}t in al the vij. [s]cience;
+    Contemplatif and cha[s]t in gou{er}nance,
+  [Sidenote: and was named Amytans.]
+    And clepit was the mai[s]t{er} amytans.                       1304
+    The king befor his pal[gh]ou{n}e one the gren,
+    That knew hyme well, {and} haith his cu{m}myn [s]e�,
+  [Sidenote: Arthur welcomes him.]
+    Velcu{m}myt hyme, and maid hyme ry{ch}t gud chere,
+    And he agan, agrewit as he were,                              1308
+  [Sidenote: He recks nothing of Arthur's salutation.]
+    Saith, "nothir of thi [s]alo[s]ing, nor the,
+    Ne rak I no{ch}t, ne charg I no{ch}t," q{uo}d hee.
+  [Sidenote: The king inquires what trespass he has committed.]
+    Than q{uod} the king, "mai[s]t{er}, {and} for what why
+    Ar [gh]e agrewit? or quhat tre[s][s]pas have I                1312
+    Co{m}mytit, [s]o that I [s]hal yow di[s]ples?"
+
+[Headnote: AMYTANS REPROVES ARTHUR.]
+
+  [Sidenote: He replies, "It is not against me, but against thyself.]
+    Quod he, "no thing It is ayane myn e�,
+    But only {con}trare of thi-[s]elf alway;
+    So fare the cour� yow pa[s][s]ith of the way.                 1316
+  [Sidenote: Thy ship is almost drowned in the whirlpool.]
+    Thi [s]chip, that goth apone the [s]tormy vall,
+    Ney of thi careldis in the [s]welf it fall,
+    Whar [s]he almo[s]t is in the p{er}ell drent;
+    That is to [s]ay, yow art [s]o far my[s]went                  1320
+    Of wykitne� vpone the vrechit dans,
+    That yow art fallyng in the storng[T29] vengans
+  [Sidenote: That is, God's wrath shall soon devour thee.]
+    Of goddis wreth, that [s]hal the [s]on deuour;
+    For of his [s]trok approchit now the hour                     1324
+    That boith thi Ringe, thi ceptre, {and} thi crov�,
+    Frome hie e[s]tat he [s]myting [s]hal adoune.
+    And that accordith well, for in thi tho{ch}t
+  [Sidenote: Because thou knowest Him not, who set thee up in this
+  high estate,]
+    Yow knawith not hyme, the wich that haith the wro{ch}t,       1328
+    And [s]et the vp in to this hie e[s]tat
+    From powert; for, as the-[s]elwyne wat,
+    It cu{m}myth al bot only of his myght,
+    And not of the, nor of thi eld{er}is Richt                    1332
+    To the di[s]cending, as in heritage,
+  [Sidenote: though not begotten in spousage.]
+    For yow was not byget in to spou[s]ag.
+    Wharfor yow aucht his biding to ob[s]erf,              [Fol. 17b.]
+    And at thy my{ch}t yow [s]huld hyme ple� {and} [s]erf;        1336
+    That dois yow nat, for yow art [s]o confu[s][s]it
+    With this fals warld, that thow haith hyme Refu[s]it,
+    And brokine haith his reul and ordynans,
+    The wich to the he gave in gou{er}nans.                       1340
+
+      [Footnote T29: So in MS. Is it necessary to alter it to
+      "strong"?]
+
+[Headnote: THE TYRANNY OF KINGS.]
+
+  [Sidenote: He made thee king,]
+    He maid the king, he maid the gou{er}nour,
+    He maid the [s]o, and [s]et in hie honour
+    Of Realmys and of [diuer�] peplis [s]ere;
+    Eft{er} his loue thow [s]huld them Reul {and} [s]tere,        1344
+    And wnoppre[s][s]it kep in to Iu[s]tice,
+    The wykit men and pwnyce for ther wice.
+    Yow dois no thing, bot al in the {con}trare,
+  [Sidenote: and thou sufferest thy people to fare ill.]
+    And [s]uffrith al thi puple to forfare;                       1348
+    Yow haith non Ey but one thyne awn delyt,
+    Or quhat that ple[s]ing [s]hall thyne appetyt.
+    In the defalt of law and of Iu[s]tice,
+    Wndir thi hond is [s]ufferyt gret [s]uppri�                   1352
+    Of fadirle�, and modirle� al[s]o,
+    And wedwis ek [s]u[s]tenit mekill wo.
+  [Sidenote: The poor are oppressed.]
+    With gret my[s]chef oppre[s][s]it ar the pure;
+    And thow art cau� of al this hol Iniure,                      1356
+    Whar-of that god a raknyng [s]al craf
+    At the, and a [s]ore Raknyng [s]al hafe;
+    For thyne e[s]tat is gewyne to Redre�
+    Thar ned, and kep them to ry{ch}twyne�;                       1360
+    And thar is non that ther complant{is} her{is};
+    The my{ch}ty folk, and ek the flattereris
+    Ar cheif with the, and doith this oppre[s][s]iou{n};
+  [Sidenote: If they complain, it is their confusion.]
+    If thai complen, It is ther confu[s][s]iou{n}e.               1364
+    And daniell [s]aith that who doith to the pure,
+    Or fad{er}le�, or modirle�, EnIure,
+    Or to the puple, that ilke to god doth hee;
+    And al this harme [s]u[s]tenit Is throw the.                  1368
+    Yow [s]ufferith them, oppre[s][s]ith {and} anoyith;
+    So yow art cau�, throw the thei ar di[s]troyth;
+    Than, at thi my{ch}t, god [s]o di[s]troys yow.
+  [Sidenote: What wilt thou do, when God destroys sinners off the
+  visage of the earth?]
+    What [s]hal he do a[gh]ane? quhat [s]hal yow,                 1372
+    When he di[s]troys by vengance of his [s]uerd
+    The [s]ynar{is} fra the vysag{is} of the Erde?
+    Than vtraly yow [s]hall di[s]troyt bee;
+    And that Richt weill apper{is} now of thee,                   1376
+    For yow allon byleft art [s]olitere;
+  [Sidenote: Solomon saith, 'Wo to him who is left alone! He hath
+  no help.']
+    And the wy� salamon can duclar,
+    'Wo be to hyme that is byleft alone,
+    He haith no help;' so Is thi forton go�e;         1380  [Fol. 18.]
+    For he is callit, w{i}t{h} quhom that god is no{ch}t,
+    Allone; and [s]o thi wykitne� haith wro{ch}t
+    That god hyme-[s]elf he is bycu{m}myn thi fo,
+  [Sidenote: Thou hast lost thy people's hearts,]
+    Thi pupleis hart{is} haith thow tynt al[s]o;                  1384
+    Thi wykitne� thus haith the maid alon,
+    That of this erth thi fortone Is y-go�.
+    Yow mone thi lyf, yow mone thi vor[s]chip tyne,
+  [Sidenote: and shalt come to death that hath no end."]
+    And eft to deth that neu{er} [s]hal haf fyne."                1388
+
+[Headnote: ARTHUR ASKS ADVICE.]
+
+    ++"Maist{er}," q{uo}d he, "of yowre beneuolens,
+    Y yow be[s]ech that tueching my{n} offens,
+    [Gh]he wald wich[s]aif your con[s]ell to me If
+  [Sidenote: Arthur asks how he shall amend,]
+    How I [s]al mend, and ek her-eftir leif."                     1392
+    "Now," q{uo}d the mai[s]ter, "and I have m{er}well qwhy
+    Yow a[s]kith con[s]ail, and wil in non affy,
+    Nor wyrk thar-by; and [gh]hit yow may In tym,
+    If yow lykith to amend the cryme."                            1396
+    "[Gh]his," [s]aith the king, "and [s]uthfa[s]tly I will
+  [Sidenote: and promises to fulfil his bidding.]
+    [Gh]our ordynans in eu{er}y thing fulfyll."
+    "And if the li[s]t at con[s]ail to abide,
+  [Sidenote: The master replies, "Thou must first dread the Lord.]
+    The remed of thi harme to p{ro}uyde--                         1400
+    Fir[s]t, the begyning is of [s]apiens,
+    To dreid the lord and his mag{ni}ficens;
+    And what thow haith in contrar hyme ofendit,
+    Whill yow haith my{ch}t, of fre de[s]ir amend it;[T30]        1404
+  [Sidenote: Repent thy guilt.]
+    Repent thi gilt, repent thi gret tre[s]pa�,
+    And remembir one goddis richwy[s]ne�;
+    How for to hyme that wykitne� anoyt,
+    And how the way of [s]ynaris he di[s]troit;                   1408
+    And if ye lyk to ryng wnd{er} his pe�,
+    Ye wengans of his my{ch}ty hond yow [s]e�,
+    This [s]chalt yow do, if yow wil be p{er}fit.
+    Fir[s]t, mone yow be penitent and contrit                     1412
+    Of euery thing that tuechith thi con[s]iens,
+    Done of fre will, or [gh]hit of neglygens.
+  [Sidenote: Thy need requireth full contrition.]
+    Thi neid requirith ful contretioune,
+    Princepaly with-out conclu[s]ioune;                           1416
+    With humble hart and go[s]tly by[s]yne�,
+    Syne [s]halt yow go deuotly the confe�
+  [Sidenote: Confess to some holy confessor.]
+    Ther-of vnto [s]um haly confe[s][s]our,
+    That the wil con[s]ail tueching thin arour;                   1420
+    And to fulfill his will and ordynans,
+  [Sidenote: Do penance, and amend all wrong."]
+    In [s]ati[s]faccione and doing of penans,
+    And to amend al wrang and al Iniure,
+    By the ydone til euery Creature;                              1424
+    If yow can In to thi hart fynde,                       [Fol. 18b.]
+    Contretioune well dege[s]t In to thi mynd.
+    Now go thi weie, for if it leful were,
+    Confe[s][s]ioune to me, I [s]huld It here."                   1428
+
+      [Footnote T30: MS. "amendit."]
+
+[Headnote: ARTHUR CONFESSES HIS SINS,]
+
+  [Sidenote: Arthur tries to remember every sin done since his years
+  of innocence,]
+    ++Than arthur, Richt obedient {and} mek,
+    In to his wit memoratyvecan [s]eik
+    Of euery gilt wich that he can pens,
+    Done frome he pa[s][s]ith the [gh]er{is} of Innocens;         1432
+    And as his mai[s]ter hyme commandit hade,
+  [Sidenote: and made his confession with lamentable cheer.]
+    He goith and his confe[s][s]ione haith he maad
+    Richt deuotly with lementable chere;
+    The man{er} wich quho lykith for to here                      1436
+    He may It fynd In to the holl romans,
+    Of confe[s][s]ione o pa[s]ing c{er}cum[s]tans.
+    I can It not, I am no confe[s][s]our,
+    My wyt haith ewill con[s]at of that labour,                   1440
+    Quharof I wot I aucht repent me [s]ore.
+    The king wich was confe[s][s]it, what is more,
+    Goith and til his mai[s]t{er} tellith hee,
+    How euery [s]yne In to his awn degree                         1444
+    He shew, that mycht occuryng to his mynde.
+  [Sidenote: "Leftest thou aught behind," quoth the master, "about
+  Ban, king of Albanak, and his disinherited wife?"]
+    "Now," q{uo}d the mai[s]tere, "left thow aght behynde
+    Of albenak the vor[s]chipful king ban,
+    The wich that vas in to my [s]{er}uice [s]lan,                1448
+    And of his wif di[s]heri[s]t eft al[s]o?
+    Bot of ther [s]one, the wich was them fro,
+    Ne [s]pek[T31] y not;"--the king in his entent
+    Aba[s]yt was, and furt{h}w{i}t{h} is he went                  1452
+  [Sidenote: The king again confesses, and returns,]
+    A[gh]ane, and to his confe[s][s]our declarith;
+
+      [Footnote T31: MS. apparently has "srpek;" but a comparison
+      with line 1543 shews that the apparent _r_ is due to the meeting
+      of two slight flourishes belonging to the _s_ and _p_.]
+
+[Headnote: AND AGAIN ASKS FOR ADVICE.]
+
+    Syne to his mai[s]t{er} he ayane Reparith,
+    To quhome he [s]aith, "I aftir my cu{n}yng
+    Your ordinans fulfillit in al thing;                          1456
+    And now right hartly y be[s]eich and prey,
+    [Gh]he wald w{i}t{h}[s]chaif [s]um thing to me [s]ay,
+  [Sidenote: prays for comfort,]
+    That may me comfort in my gret dreid,
+    And how my men ar fal[gh]et in my Neid,                       1460
+  [Sidenote: and inquires about his dream.]
+    And of my dreme, the wich that is [s]o dirk."
+  [Sidenote: The master saith, "If thou art bound to work by my
+  counsel,]
+    This mai[s]t{er} [s]aith, "and thow art bound to virk
+    [T32] ++AT my con[s]ail, and if yow has maad
+    Thi confe[s][s]ione, as yow before hath [s]aid,               1464
+    And in thi conciens thinkith p{er}[s]euere,
+    As I p{re}[s]ume that thow onon [s]halt here
+    That god hyme-[s]elf [s]hal [s]o for y^e p{ro}uide,
+  [Sidenote: thou shalt abide in thy kingdom.]
+    Thow [s]hal Remayne and In thi Ring abyd.                     1468
+    And why thi men ar fal[gh]et At this nede,              [Fol. 19.]
+    At [s]hort this is the cau�, [s]halt yow no{ch}t dred,
+    Fore thow to gode was frawart and p{er}wert;
+    Thi ryngne and the he tho{ch}t for to [s]ubwart;              1472
+    And yow [s]al knaw na power may reci[s]t,
+    In contrar quhat god lykith to a[s][s]i[[s]]t.
+
+      [Footnote T32: This line (though it should not) begins with an
+      illuminated letter.]
+
+[Headnote: KINGS DERIVE THEIR POWER FROM GOD.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Strength of victory cometh from God only.]
+    The vertw nore the [s]trenth of victory
+    It cu{m}myth not of man, bot an{er}ly                         1476
+    Of hyme, the wich haith eu{er}y [s]trinth; {and} than,
+    If that the waiis ple[s][s]it hyme of man,
+    He [s]hal have for� a[gh]ane his e{n}nemys.
+    A-ryght agan apone the [s]amyne vy�,                          1480
+  [Sidenote: Whoso displeases Him shall be subject to his enemies,
+  as we read in the Bible concerning the Jews.]
+    If he di[s]ple� vn to the lord, he [s]hall
+    Be to his fais a [s]ubiet or a thrall,
+    As that we may In to the bible red,
+    Tueching the folk he tuk hyme-[s]elf to led                   1484
+    In to the lond, the wich he them byhicht.
+    Ay when thei [gh]hed in to his ways Richt,
+    Ther fois gon befor there [s]uerd to no{ch}t;
+  [Sidenote: When they wrought against Him, they were so full of
+  fear that the sound of a falling leaf made a thousand flee.]
+    And when that thei ayanis hyme hath vro{ch}t,                 1488
+    Thei war [s]o full of radur and di[s][s]pare,
+    That of o leif fleing in the air,
+    The [s]ound of It haith gart o thou[s]and tak
+    At onys apone them-[s]elf the bak,                            1492
+    And al ther manhed vterly foryhet;
+    Sich dreid the lord apone ther hart{is} set.
+    So [s]halt yow know no powar may w{i}t{h}[s]tond,
+    Ther god hyme-[s]elf hath ton the cau� on hond.               1496
+  [Sidenote: Thine own offence is the reason why thy people fail
+  thee.]
+    And ye quhy [s]tant in thyne awn offens,
+    That al thi puple fal[gh]het off defens.
+    And [s]um ar fal[gh]eing magre ther entent;
+    Thei ar to quhom thow yewyne hath thi rent,                   1500
+    Thi gret Reuard, thi riche� and thi gold,
+    And cheri[s][s]ith and held in thi hou[s]hold.
+    Bot the mo[s]t p{ar}t ar fal[gh]heit the at wyll,
+  [Sidenote: Thou hast shewn some of them unkindness,]
+    To quhome yow haith wnkyndne� [s]chawin till;                 1504
+    Wrong and i{n}Iure, and ek defalt of law,
+    And pwny[s]ing of qwhich that thei [s]tand aw;
+    And makith [s]{er}uice but reward or fee,
+    Syne haith no thonk bot fre{m}mytne� of the.                  1508
+    Such folk to the cu{m}myth bot for dred,
+    Not of fre hart the for to help at nede.
+    And what awalith owthir [s]held or [s]per,
+    Or hor� or armoure according for ye were,                     1512
+    Vith-outen man them for to [s]tere and led?            [Fol. 19b.]
+  [Sidenote: and a man that wanteth heart is dead.]
+    And man, yow wot, that vantith hart is ded,
+    That in to armys [s]{er}uith he of noght;
+    A cowart oft ful mekil harm haith vroght.                     1516
+    In multitude nore [gh]hit in confluens
+    Of [s]ich, is nowther manhed nore defens.
+  [Sidenote: Thou hast so conducted thyself as to lose all thy
+  people's hearts.]
+    And [s]o thow hath the rewlyt, that almo[s]t
+    Of al thi puple the hart{is} ben ylost;                       1520
+    And tynt richt throw thyne awn my[s]gou{er}nans
+    Of auerice and of thyne errogans.
+  [Sidenote: What is a prince without honour?]
+    What is o prince? quhat is o gou{er}noure
+    W{i}t{h}outen fame of wor[s]chip and honour?                  1524
+    What is his my{ch}t, [s]uppos he be A lorde,
+    If that his folk [s]al no{ch}t to hyme accorde?
+  [Sidenote: Can he by himself sustain his kingdom, by serving his
+  own appetite?]
+    May he his Rigne, may he his holl Empire
+    Su[s]ten al only of his owne de[s]yre,                        1528
+    In [s]erwyng of his wrechit appetit
+    Of awerice and of his awn delyt,
+    And hald his men, wncheri[s]t, in thraldome?
+  [Sidenote: His oppression of his people consumes his high estate,
+  and makes other kings war on them.]
+    Nay! that [s]hal [s]one his hie e[s]tat con[s]ome.            1532
+
+[Headnote: UNJUST KINGS ARE PUNISHED.]
+
+    For many o kny{ch}t[T33] therby is broght ydoune,
+    All vt{r}aly to ther confu[s]ioune;
+    For oft it makith vther king{is} by
+    To wer on them In tra[s]t of victory;                         1536
+    And oft als throw his peple is di[s]troyth,
+    That fyndith them agrewit or anoyth;
+  [Sidenote: God also punishes their vices."]
+    And god al[s]o oft w{i}t{h} his awn [s]werd,
+    Puny[s]ith ther wy[s]is one this erd.                         1540
+    Thus falith not o king but gou{er}nans,
+    Boith realme and he goith one to my[s]chans."
+
+      [Footnote T33: "king" (?).]
+
+[Headnote: A MESSAGE FROM GALIOT.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Meanwhile, the king of a hundred knights and the
+  first-conquest king come from Galiot,]
+    ++AS thai war thus [s]peking of this thinge,
+    Frome galiot cam two kny{ch}t{is} to the king;                1544
+    That one the king of hund{er}eth kny{ch}t{is} was;
+    That other to nome the fyrst-co{n}que[s]t king[T34] has,
+    At fir[s]t that galyot conquerit of one.
+    The n{er}e[s]t way one to the king thei gon,                  1548
+    And vp he ro�, as he that wel cout{h} do
+    Honor, to quhome that It afferith to;
+    And [gh]hit he wi[s]t not at thei king{is} were;
+    So them[T35] thei boith and vyt{h} ry{ch}t knyghtly cher      1552
+    Reu{er}endly thei [s]alu[s]t hyme, and thane
+  [Sidenote: and the former delivers his message, to the effect that]
+    The king of hund{er} knyght{is} he began
+    And [s]aid hyme, "[s]{ir}, to [gh]ow my lord ws [s]ende,
+    Galiot, whilk bad ws [s]ay he wende,                1556[Fol. 20.]
+    That of this world the vorthie[s]t king wor [gh]he,
+    Grete[s]t of men and of awtoritee.
+
+      [Footnote T34: MS. "kinghe," a spelling due to confusion with
+      "knight." See l.�1533.]
+
+[Headnote: A TRUCE PROPOSED AND ACCEPTED.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Galiot wonders at the feebleness of Arthur's folk,]
+    Wharof he has gret wond{er} that [gh]he ar
+    So feble cu{m}myne In to his contrare,                        1560
+    For to defend your cuntre {and} your londe,
+    And knowith well [gh]he may hyme no{ch}t w{i}t{h}[s]tonde.
+    Wharfor he thinkith no wor[s]chip to conquere,
+    Nore in the wer{is} more to p{er}[s]yuere;                    1564
+    Con[s]iddir yowr wakne� and yowr Indegens,
+    A[gh]anis hyme as now to mak defens.
+  [Sidenote: and is willing to grant a year's truce,]
+    Wharfore, my lord haith grantit by vs here
+    Trewis to yhow and re[s]put for o [gh]here,                   1568
+  [Sidenote: if Arthur will return to fight against him in a year's
+  time;]
+    If that yhow lykith by the [gh]her{is} [s]pace
+    For to retwrn ayane In to this place,
+    Her to manteine yhour cuntre and w{i}t{h}[s]tond
+    Hyme w{i}t{h} the holl power of yhour lond.                   1572
+    And for the tyme the trewis [s]hal endure,
+    Yhour cuntre and yhour lond he will a[s][s]urre;
+    And wit [gh]he [gh]hit his powar is no{ch}t here.
+    And als he bad ws [s]ay yhow by the yhere,                    1576
+  [Sidenote: and desires to have the red knight in his household.]
+    The gud kny{ch}t wich that the Red armys bure
+    And in the feild maid the di[s]cumfiture,
+    The whilk the flour of kny{ch}thed may be cold,
+    He thinkith hyme to haue of his hou[s]hold."                  1580
+    "Well," q{uo}d the king, "I have hard quhat yhe [s]ay,
+    But if god will, and ek if that I may,
+    In to [s]ich wy� I think for to with[s]tond,
+    Yhour lord [s]hall have no powar of my londe."                1584
+  [Sidenote: Arthur rejoices at the truce,]
+    Of this me[s]ag the king Reio[s]ing ha�,
+    And of the trewis wich that grantit was,
+    Bot anoyt [gh]hit of the kny{ch}t was he,
+    Wich thei awant to have in [s]uch dogre.                      1588
+    Ther leif thei tuk; and when at thei war gon,
+  [Sidenote: which the master attributes to God's providence, and
+  exhorts him, saying,]
+    [T36] ++This mai[s]t{er} [s]aith, "how lykith god di[s]pone!
+
+      [Footnote T35: "then" (?).]
+      [Footnote T36: The initial T is illuminated.]
+
+    Now may yhow [s]e {and} [s]uth is my recorde;
+    For by hyme now is makith this accord;                        1592
+    And by non vthir worldly p{ro}videns,
+    Sauf only grant of his bynewolans,
+    To [s]e if that the lykith to amend,
+    And to p{ro}uid thi cuntre to defend.                         1596
+    Wharfor yow [s]halt in to thi lond home fair,
+    And gowerne the as that I [s]hall declaire.
+  [Sidenote: "First, serve God with humble heart, and let the wand
+  of law pass through the land.]
+    Fir[s]t, thi god with humble hart yow [s]erfe,         [Fol. 20b.]
+    And his comand at al thi my{ch}t ob[s]erf;                    1600
+    And [s]yne, lat pa� the ilk ble[s][s]it wonde
+    Of lowe w{i}t{h} m{er}cy Iu[s]tly throw thi londe;
+    And y be[s]eich--to quhome yow [s]al direke
+    The rewle vpone, the wrang{is} to correk--                    1604
+    That yow be no{ch}t in thi electioune blynde;
+    For writin It Is and yow [s]al trew It fynde.
+    That, be thei for to thonk or ell{is} blame,
+    And towart god thi p{ar}t [s]hal be the [s]a[-m];             1608
+    Of Ignorans [s]halt yow no{ch}t be excu[s]it,
+    Bot in ther werk{is} [s]orly be accu[s]it,
+    For thow [s]huld eu{er} che� apone [s]ich wy�
+  [Sidenote: Thus shalt thou choose the ministers of justice.]
+    The mi{ni}[s]teris[T37] that rewll haith of Iustice:--        1612
+
+[Headnote: HOW TO CHOOSE JUDGES.]
+
+    Fir[s]t, that he be de[s]cret til wnd{er}[s]tond
+    And lowe and ek the mat{er} of the londe;
+    And be of my{ch}t and ek Autoritee,
+    (For puple ay {con}tempnith low degre,)                       1616
+    And that of trouth he folow furth the way;
+    That is als mych as he louyth trewth alway,
+    And haitith al them the wich [s]al pas therfro.
+    Syne, that he god dreid and lowe al-so.                       1620
+  [Sidenote: Avoid avaricious and wrathful men.]
+    Of auerice be-war with the de[s]yre,
+    And of hyme full of ha[s]tynes {and} fyre;
+    Be-war thar-for of malice and de[s]ire,
+    And hyme al[s]o that lowith no medyre;                        1624
+    For al this abhomi{n}able was hold,
+    When Iu[s]tice was in to the tymis olde.
+    For qwho that is of an of thir by-know,
+    The le[s]t of them [s]ubu{er}tith all the low,                1628
+    And makith It w[n]Iustly[T38] to p{ro}cede;
+
+      [Footnote T37: MS. "m[-i][s]teris."]
+      [Footnote T38: MS. "w Iustly."]
+
+[Headnote: KINGS MUST BE JUST AND TRUE.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Eschew unfit men, for this shall be thy meed in the day
+  of judgment.]
+    E[s]chew tharfor, for this [s]al be thi meid
+    Apone the day when al thing goith aright,
+    Whar none excu� hidyng [s]chal ye lyght;                      1632
+    But he the Iug, that no man may [s]u[s][s]pek,
+    Eu{er}y thing ful Iu[s]tly [s]al correk.
+    Be-war thar-w{i}t{h}, as before have I told,
+    And che� them wy[s]ly that thi low [s]hal hold.               1636
+    And als I will that it well oft be sen,
+    Richt to thi-self how thei thi low {con}ten;
+  [Sidenote: Be diligent to inquire how judgment is given.]
+    And how the Right, and how the dom is went,
+    For to Inquer that yow be delygent.                           1640
+    And puny� for, for o thing [s]hal yow know,             [Fol. 21.]
+    The most tre[s]pas is to [s]ubuert the low,
+    So that yow be not in thar gilt accu[s]it,
+    And frome the froit of bli[s][s]it folk refu[s]it.            1644
+  [Sidenote: Visit every chief town throughout the bounds of thy
+  kingdom.]
+    And pas yow [s]halt to euery chef toune,
+    Throw-out the boundis of thi Regioune
+    Whar yow [s]all be, that Iu[s]tice be Elyk
+    With-out diui[s]ione baith to pur {and} ryk.                  1648
+    And that thi puple have [ane] awdiens
+    W{i}t{h} thar complant{is}, and al[s]o thi p{rese}ns;
+    For qwho his eris frome the puple [s]tekith,
+    And not his hond in ther [s]upport furth rekith,              1652
+    His dom [s]all be ful grewous & ful hard,
+    When he [s]al cry and he [s]al no{ch}t be hard.
+  [Sidenote: Give thine ears to the poor.]
+    Wharfor thyne eris ifith to the pwre,
+    Bot in redre� of ned, & not of i{n}Iure;                      1656
+    Thus [s]all thei don of Re[s][s]one & knawlag.
+
+  [Sidenote: Kings, while minors, may be excused; but, when
+  of age, they must punish those that have wrested justice.]
+    ++But king{is} when thei ben of tend{er} ag,
+    Y wil not [s]ay I tra[s]t thei ben excu[s]it,
+    Bot [s]chortly thei [s]all be [s]ar accu[s]it,                1660
+    When [s]o thei cum to yheris of Re[s]one,
+    If thei tak not full contri[s]ioune,
+    And pwny� them that hath ther low my[s]gyit.
+    That this is trouth it may not be denyit;                     1664
+    For vther ways thei [s]al them not di[s]charg,
+    [Excep thei pwny� them that have the charg][T39]
+    One e[s]tatis of ther realm, that [s]hold
+    W{i}t{h}-in his [gh]outh [s]e that his low be hold.[T40]      1668
+  [Sidenote: Temper justice with mercy.]
+    And thus thow the, w{i}t{h} mercy, kep alway
+    Of Iu[s]tice furt{h} the ilk ble[s][s]it way.
+
+      [Footnote T39: A blank space here occurs, just sufficient to
+      contain one line.]
+      [Footnote T40: MS. "behold."]
+
+  [Sidenote: Be true and stable in thy words.]
+    ++And of thi wordis beis trew and [s]table,
+    Spek not to mych, nore be not vareable.                       1672
+    O king{is} word [s]huld be o king{is} bonde,
+    And [s]aid It is, a king{is} word [s]huld [s]tond;
+    O king{is} word, among our fad{er}is old,
+    Al-out more p{re}cious & more [s]ur was hold                  1676
+    Than was the oth or [s]eel of any wight;
+  [Sidenote: A king should be the very light of truth.]
+    O king of trouth [s]uld be the werray lyght,
+    So treuth and Iu[s]tice to o king accordyth.
+    And als, as thir clerk{is} old recordith,                     1680
+    [T41] ++In tyme is larges and humilitee
+    Right well according vnto hie dugre,
+    And ple[s][s]ith boith to god and man al-so;
+    Wharfor I wil, in{con}tine{n}t thow go,          1684  [Fol. 21b.]
+    And of thi lond in euery p{ar}t abide,
+    Whar yow gar fet and clep one eu{er}y [s]id
+    Out of thi cuntreis, and ek out of thi tovnis,
+  [Sidenote: Invite thy dukes, earls, great barons, thy poor knights,
+  and thy bachelors, and welcome them severally.]
+    Thi duk{is}, erlis, and thi gret baronis,                     1688
+    Thi pur kny{ch}t{is}, and thi bach[e]ler{is},
+    And them re[s]auf als hartly as afferis,
+    And be them-[s]elf yow welcum them ilkon:
+    Syne, them to glaid and cheris, thee di[s]pone                1692
+    With fe[s]ting and with humyll {con}tynans.
+
+      [Footnote T41: The initial I is illuminated; rather because
+      there is here a change of subject than because it begins a new
+      sentence.]
+
+[Headnote: KINGS SHOULD CHERISH ALL MEN.]
+
+    Be not pen[s]yve, nore proud in arrogans,
+  [Sidenote: Keep company not with the rich man only, but with the
+  poor worthy man also.]
+    Bot w{i}t{h} them hold in gladnes cumpany;
+    Not with the Rich nor myghty an{er}ly,                        1696
+    Bot with the pure worthi man al[s]o,
+    W{i}t{h} them thow [s]it, w{i}t{h} them yow ryd and go.
+    I [s]ay not to be our fameliar,
+    For, as the mo[s]t philo[s]ephur can duclar,                  1700
+  [Sidenote: Yet remember that familiarity breeds contempt.]
+    To mych to oy� familiaritee
+    Contempnyng bryngith one to hie dugre;
+    Bot cherice them w{i}t{h} wordis fair depay{n}t,
+    So with thi pupelle [s]al yow the aquay{n}t.                  1704
+  [Sidenote: Choose out of each district an aged knight to be thy
+  counsellor.]
+    Than of ilk cuntre wy[s]ly yow enquere
+    An agit kny{ch}t to be thi con[s]ulere,
+    That haith ben hold in armys Richt fam{us},
+    Wy� and di[s]cret, & no thing Inwy{us};                       1708
+    For there is non that knowith [s]o wel, I-wy�,
+    O worthy man as he that worthi Is.
+
+[Headnote: KINGS MUST BE LIBERAL.]
+
+  [Sidenote: When thou hast sojourned long in a place, then provide
+  thee with plenty of horses, armour, gold, silver, and clothing;]
+    When well long haith yow [s]wiornyt i{n} a place,
+    And well acqueynt the v{i}t{h} thi puple has,                 1712
+    Than [s]halt thow ordand & p{ro}wid the
+    Of hor� and ek of armour gret plente;
+    Of gold, and [s]ilu{er}, tressore, and cleithing,
+    And euery Riches that lo{n}gith to o king;                    1716
+  [Sidenote: and, before leaving, distribute gifts liberally.]
+    And when the lykith for to tak thi leif,
+    By large� thus yow thi reward geif,
+    First to the pure worthy honorable,
+    That is til armys and til ma{n}hed able;                      1720
+    (Set he be pur, [gh]hit wor[s]chip in hyme bidith);
+  [Sidenote: Give to the poor worthy man the horse thou thyself
+  ridest.]
+    If hyme the hor� one wich thi-[s]elwyne Ridith,
+    And bid hyme that he Rid hyme for yhour [s]ak;
+    Syne til hyme gold and [s]ilu{er} yow betak;                  1724
+    The hor� to hyme for wor[s]chip and prowes,
+    The tre[s]or for his fredome and larges.
+    If mo[s]t of Riches and of Cheri[s]ing;                [Fol. 22a.]
+    Eftir this gud kny{ch}t berith vitne[s]ing.                   1728
+  [Sidenote: Give to thy tenants and vavasours easy hackneys,
+  palfries, and coursers.]
+    Syne to thi te{n}nand{is} & to thi wawa[s]ouris
+    If e[s][s]y haknays, palfrais, and cur[s]ouris,
+    And robis [s]ich as ple[s]and ben and fair;
+    Syne to thi lord{is}, wich at my{ch}ty aire,                  1732
+  [Sidenote: Give to thy lords things strange and uncouth.]
+    As duk{is}, erlis, princ{is}, and ek king{is},
+    Yow if them [s]trang, yow if them vncout{h} thing{is},
+    As diu{er}� iowell{is}, and ek p{re}ciou� [s]tonis,
+    Or halk{is}, hundis, ordinit for the nonis,                   1736
+    Or wantone hor� that can no{ch}t [s]tand in [s]t[-a]ble;
+    Thar gift{is} mot be fair and delitable.
+    Thus, fir[s]t vn to the vorthi pur yow if
+    Giftis, that may ther pouerte Releif;                         1740
+    And to the rich ift{is} of ple[s]ans,
+    That thei be fair, [s]et no{ch}t of gret [s]ub[s]tans;
+    For riches a[s]kith no thing bot delyt,
+    And powert haith ay ane appetyt                               1744
+    For to support ther ned and Indigens:
+    Thus [s]hall yow if and makith thi di[s]pens.
+  [Sidenote: So, too, shall the queen give to maidens and ladies,]
+    And ek the quen, my lady, [s]halt al[s]o
+    To madenis and to ladeis, quhar [gh]he go,                    1748
+    If, and cheri� one the [s]amyne wy�;
+  [Sidenote: for all thy welfare lies in liberality.]
+    For in to large� al thi welfar lyis.
+    And if thy gift{is} with [s]ich {con}tinans
+    That thei be [s]en ay gifyne v{i}t{h} ple[s]ans;              1752
+    The wy� man [s]ais, and [s]uth it is app{ro}uit,
+    Thar is no thonk, thar is no ift alowit,
+    Bot It be ifyne In to [s]ich manere,
+  [Sidenote: Remember that the giver should be as glad in his cheer
+  as the receiver.]
+    (That is to [s]ay, als glaid i{n} to his chere),              1756
+    As he the wich the ift of hyme Re[s]auith;
+    And do he not, the gifar is di[s][s]auith.
+
+[Headnote: LIBERAL KINGS ARE LOVED IN LIFE,]
+
+    For who that iff{is}, as he not if wald,
+    Mor p{ro}fit war his ift for to w{i}t{h}-hald;                1760
+    His thonk he tynith, and his ift al[s]o.
+    Bot that thow ifith, if w{i}t{h} boith two,
+  [Sidenote: Give with both hand and heart at once;]
+    That is to [s]ay, vith hart and hand atonis;
+    And [s]o the wy[s]man ay ye ift di[s]ponis.                   1764
+    Beith larg and iff{is} frely of thi thing;
+  [Sidenote: for liberality is the treasure of a king.]
+    For large� is the tre[s]our of o king,
+    And not this other Iowell{is} nor this gold
+    That is in to thi tre[s]ory with-holde.                       1768
+    Who gladly iffith, be vertew of larges                 [Fol. 22b.]
+  [Sidenote: Whoso gives liberally, his treasury increases.]
+    His tre[s]ory encre[s]is of Riche[s]�,
+    And [s]al a[gh]a�e the mor al-out re[s]awe.
+  [Sidenote: For the receiver shall place his goods at the king's
+  disposal,]
+    For he to quhome he [gh]ewith [s]all hawe,                    1772
+    Fir[s]t his body, [s]yne his hart with two,
+    His gudis al for to di[s]pone also
+  [Sidenote: who shall gain, moreover, both worship and praise.]
+    In his [s]{er}uice; and mor atour he [s]hall
+    Have O thing, and that is be[s]t of all;                      1776
+    That is to [s]ay, the wor[s]chip and the lo�
+    That vpone larges in this world furth go�.
+    And yow [s]hal knaw the lawbour & the pre�
+    In to this erth about the gret Riche�.                        1780
+  [Sidenote: Is there any labour except for meat and clothing?
+  All the remnant is for fame.]
+    Is ony, bot[T42] apone the cau� we see
+    Of met, of cloth, & of p{ro}[s]peritee?
+    All the remanant [s]tant apone the name
+    Of purches, furth apone this world{is} fame.                  1784
+    And well yow wot, in thyne allegians
+    Ful many Is, the wich haith [s]ufficians
+    Of euery thing that longith to ther ned;                      1787
+    What haith yow more, qwich [haith] them al to lede,
+    For al thi Realmys and thi gret Riches,
+    If that yow lak of wor[s]chip the encre�?
+    Well le�, al-out; for eft{er} thar e[s]tate
+    Thei have vor[s]chip, and kepith It al-gat;                   1792
+    And yow degradith al thyne hie dugree,
+    That [s]o [s]chuld [s]hyne In to nobelitee,
+    Throuch wys and throw the wrechitne� of hart.
+
+      [Footnote T42: MS. "Is ony bout bot;" "bout" being defaced.]
+
+[Headnote: AND COMMENDED AFTER DEATH.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Knowest thou not what shall be thy part, when thou
+  passest away from this world?]
+    And knowis yow not what [s]all be[T43] thi part,              1796
+    Out of this world when yow [s]al pa� the cour�?
+    Fair well, I-wy�! yow neu{er} [s]hall Recour�
+    Whar no prince more [s]hall the subiet[T44] have,
+    But be als dep in to the erd y-grave,                         1800
+  [Sidenote: Virtue and honour will alone remain.]
+    Sauf vertew only and wor[s]chip wich abidith;
+    W{i}t{h} them the world apone the laif dewidith;
+  [Sidenote: And if thy successor be liberal, he will be commended
+  of the world;]
+    And if he, wich [s]hal eftir the [s]ucced,
+    By larges [s]pend, of quhich that yhow had dreid,             1804
+    He of the world comendit is and pri[s]it,
+    And yow [s]tant furth of euery thing di[s]pi[s]it;
+    The puple [s]aith and demyth thus of thee,
+    "Now is he gone, a werray vrech was hee,                      1808
+    And he the wich that is our king and lord
+    Boith wertew haith & larges in accorde;
+    Welcum be he!" and [s]o the puple [s]oundith.
+    Thus through thi vi� his wertew mor aboundith,   1812  [Fol. 23a.]
+  [Sidenote: and his virtue will abound through thy vice.]
+    And his vertew the more thi wice furth [s]chawith.
+    Wharfor [gh]he, wich that princes ben y-knawith,
+    Lat not yhour vrechit hart so yhow dant,
+    That he that cu{m}myth next yhow may awant                    1816
+    To be mor larg, nore more to be co{m}mendit;
+
+      [Footnote T43: MS. has "by."]
+      [Footnote T44: MS. has "subei^et."]  [[superscript e only]]
+
+[Headnote: LIBERAL KINGS WIN SUBJECTS,]
+
+  [Sidenote: Riches well spent are the best kept.]
+    Best kepit Is the Riches well di[s]pendit.
+    O [gh]he, the wich that king{is} ben, fore [s]ham
+    Remembrith yhow, this world hath bot o naa[-m]                1820
+    Of good or ewill, eft{er} [gh]he ar gone!
+    And wy[s]ly tharfor che[s][s]ith yhow the to�
+    Wich mo[s]t accordith to nobilitee,
+    And knytith larges to yhour hie degre.                        1824
+    For qwhar that fredome In O p{ri}nce Ri{n}gnis,
+    It bryngith In the victory of king{is},
+    And makith realmys and puple boith to dout,
+    And [s]ubect{is}[T45] of the cuntre al about.                 1828
+  [Sidenote: Whoso will be a conqueror, let him not reck to give
+  largely.]
+    And qwho that thinkith ben o co{n}querour,
+    Suppos his large� [s]umquhat pas my[s]our,
+    Ne rak he nat, bot frely iffith ay;
+    And as he wynyth, beis var al-way                             1832
+    To mych nor [gh]hit to gredy that he hold,
+    Wich [s]al the hart{is} of the puple colde.
+  [Sidenote: Both love and fear spring from liberality.]
+    And low and radour cu{m}myth boith two
+    Of larges; Reid and [gh]he [s]al fynd It [s]o.                1836
+    Alex{ander} this lord the warld that wan,
+    Fir[s]t w{i}t{h} the [s]uerd of larges he began,
+  [Sidenote: Alexander gave so liberally,]
+    And as he wynith ifith largely,
+    He rakith No thing bot of cheuelry;                           1840
+    Wharfor of hyme [s]o pa[s][s]ith the Renown,
+  [Sidenote: that many cities desired to have such a lord,]
+    That many o cetee, and many o [s]trang tow�
+    Of his wor[s]chip that herith the Recorde,
+    Di[s][s]irith [s]o to haveing [s]ich o lorde;                 1844
+  [Sidenote: and offered themselves peaceably to him, though they
+  were manly men of war.]
+    And offerith them w{i}t{h}-outen [s]trok of [s]pere,
+    Suppos that thei war manly men of were,
+    But only for his gentille� that thei
+    Have hard; and [s]o he louit was al-way                       1848
+    For his larges, humilitee, and manhed,
+    W{i}t{h} his awn folk, that neu{er}more, we Reid,
+    For al his weris nor his gret trawell,                 [Fol. 23b.]
+    In al his tym that thei hyme onys faill;                      1852
+    Bot in his wor[s]chip al thar be[s]ynes
+    Thei [s]et, and lewith in to no di[s]tres;
+    Whar-throw the [s]uerd of victory he berith.
+
+      [Footnote T45: Or "subett{is}."]
+
+[Headnote: BUT UNJUST ONES DESPOIL THEM.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Many princes bear the palm of victory, through
+  liberality;]
+    And many prince full oft the palm werith,                     1856
+    As has ben hard, by large�, of before,
+    In conqueringe of Rignis & of glore.
+  [Sidenote: while miserliness hath made realms desolate.]
+    And wrechitnes Richt [s]o, in the contrar,
+    Haith Realmys maid ful de[s]olat & bare,                      1860
+    And king{is} broght doun from ful hie e[s]tat;
+    And who that Red ther old buk{is}, wat
+    The vicis lef, the wertew have in mynde,
+    And takith larges In his awn kynd;                            1864
+  [Sidenote: Choose the mean between prodigality and avarice.]
+    A-myd [s]tanding of the vicis two,
+    Prodegalitee and awerice al[s]o.
+    Wharfor her-of It nedith not to more,
+    So mych ther-of haith clerk{is} vrit to-fore.                 1868
+  [Sidenote: Whoso chooses to be liberal,]
+    Bot who the wertw of larges & the law
+    Sal che�, mot ned con[s]idir well & knaw
+  [Sidenote: must understand three things: the _amount he has_,
+  to _whom_ he giveth, and the _fit time_ for giving.]
+    In to hyme-[s]elf, and thir thre wnd{er}[s]tande,
+    The [s]ub[s]tans fir[s]t, the powar of his land,              1872
+    Whome to he iffith, and the cau� wharfore,
+    The nedful tyme awatith eu{er}more.
+    Kepith thir thre; for qwho that [s]al exced
+    His rent, he fallith [s]odandly in nede.                      1876
+  [Sidenote: (1) The king that becomes _indigent_ overthrows his
+  subjects.]
+    And [s]o the king, that on to my[s]t{er} drowis,
+    His subiett{is} and his puple he our-thrawis,
+    And them di[s]pol[gh]eith boith of lond and Rent;
+    So is the king, [s]o is the puple [s]chent.                   1880
+  [Sidenote: For the voice of the oppressed shrieketh up ceaselessly
+  to heaven;]
+    For-quhi the woice It [s]crik[i]th vp ful ewyne
+    W{i}t{h}-out abaid, and pa[s][s]ith to the hewyne,
+    Whar god hyme-[s]elf re[s]auith ther the crye
+    Of the oppre[s]ioune and the teranny,                         1884
+  [Sidenote: and God smiteth down with the sword of vengeance.]
+    And vith the [s]uerd of wengans dou{n} y-[s]mytith,
+    The wich that caruith al to [s]or, and bitith,
+    And hyme di[s]troyth, as has ben hard or this
+    Of euery king that wirkith [s]ich o mys.                      1888
+    For ther is few e[s]chapith them, It [s]all
+  [Sidenote: For God hath given the king the wand of justice:]
+    Boith vpone hyme & his [s]ucce[s][s]ione fall;
+    For he for[s]uth haith ifyne hyme the wond
+    To Iu[s]tefy and Reull in pece his lond,           1892[Fol. 24a.]
+    The puple all [s]ubmytit to his cure;
+    And he a[gh]an one to no creatur
+    Save only [s]hall vn to his gode obey.
+
+[Headnote: BEWARE OF INJUSTICE AND FLATTERY.]
+
+    And if he pa[s][s]ith [s]o far out of the wey,                1896
+  [Sidenote: and if he oppresses them whom he should rule,]
+    Them to oppre�, that he [s]huld reul & gid,
+    Ther heritag, there gwdis to dewide,
+    Ye, wnd{er} whome that he mo[s]t nedis [s]tond,
+  [Sidenote: God shall stretch His mighty hand for correction.]
+    At correccioune [s]al [s]trek his my{ch}ty hond,              1900
+    Not euery day, bot [s]hal at onys fall
+    On hyme, mayhap, and his [s]ucce[s]cione all.
+  [Sidenote: Herein, alas! is the blindness of kings.]
+    In this, allace! the blynd{is} of the king{is},
+    And Is the fall of princ{is} and of Rygnis.                   1904
+    The mo[s]t wertew, the gret Intellegens,
+  [Sidenote: The blessed token of a king's wisdom is for him to
+  restrain his hand from his people's riches.]
+    The ble[s][s]it tokyne of wy[s]dom and prudens
+    I[s]�, in o king, for to re[s]tren his honde
+    Frome his pupleis Riches & ther lond.                         1908
+    Mot euery king have this wice i{n} mynd
+    In tyme, and not when that he ned fynde!
+    And in thi larges beith war, I pray,
+  [Sidenote: (2) Choose a _fitting time_.]
+    Of nedful tyme, for than is be[s]t alway.                     1912
+  [Sidenote: (3) Take care _to whom_ you give.]
+    Awy� the ek quhome to that thow [s]alt if,
+    Of there fam, and ek how that thei leif;
+  [Sidenote: Let not the virtuous and the vicious stand in the same
+  degree.]
+    And of the wertws and wicious folk al[s]o,
+    I the be[s]eich dewidith well thir two,                       1916
+    So that thei [s]tond no{ch}t in[to] o degree;
+    Di[s]creccioune [s]all mak the diu{er}[s]itee,
+    Wich clepith the mod{er} of al vertewis.
+
+[Headnote: FLATTERERS SUCCEED WHEN KINGS ARE FOOLISH.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Beware of flattery.]
+    And beith war, I the be[s]eich of this,                       1920
+    That is to [s]ay of flatry, wich that longith
+    To court, and al the king{is} larges fongith.
+    The vertuou� man no thing thar-of re[s]auith,
+    The flatterer{is} now [s]o the king di[s][s]auith             1924
+    And blyndith them that wot no thing, I-wy�,
+    When thei do well, or quhen thei do o my�;
+    And latith king{is} oft til wnd{er}[s]tonde
+    Thar vicis, and ek ye falt{is} of ther lond.                  1928
+    In to the realme about o king Is holde
+  [Sidenote: A flatterer is worse than a storm or a pestilence.]
+    O flatterere were than is the [s]tormys cold,
+    Or pe[s]telens, and mor the realme anoyith;
+    For he the law and puple boith di[s]troyith.                  1932
+  [Sidenote: Three things make flatterers in favour.]
+    And in to principall ben ther three thing{is},         [Fol. 24b.]
+    That cau[s][s]ith flattereris [s]tonding w{i}t{h} the king{is};
+  [Sidenote: First, the blind ignorance of kings.]
+    And on, It is the blyndit Ignorans
+    Of king{is}, wich that hath no gou{er}nans                    1936
+    To wnd{er}[s]tond who doith [s]ich o my�;
+    But who that fare[s]t [s]chewith hym, I-wy�,
+    Mo[s]t [s]uffi[s]ith and be[s]t to his ple[s]ans.
+    Wo to the realme that havith [s]ich o chans!                  1940
+  [Sidenote: Secondly, where a king is vicious himself.]
+    And [s]ecundly, quhar that o king Is
+    Weciu� hyme-[s]elf, he cheri[s][s]ith, ywys,
+    Al them the wich that one to vicis [s]oundith,
+    Whar-throw that vicis and flattery ek aboundith.              1944
+  [Sidenote: Thirdly, where the king is so foolish, that he knows
+  their flattery, yet withdraws from reproving them.]
+    The thrid, is the ilk [s]chrewit harrmful wice,
+    Wich makith o king w{i}t{h}in hyme-[s]elf [s]o nyce,
+    That al thar flattry and ther gilt he knowith
+    In to his wit, and [gh]hit he hyme w{i}t{h}-drowith           1948
+    Them to repref, and of ther vicis he wot;
+    And this It is wich that di[s][s]emblyng hot,
+    That in no way accordith for o king.
+    Is he not [s]et abuf apone his Ri{n}gne,                      1952
+    As [s]ou{er}ane his puple for to lede?
+  [Sidenote: Why should a king spare to say the truth?]
+    Whi [s]chuld he [s]pare, or quhom of [s]chuld he dred
+    To [s]ay the treuth, as he of Right is hold?
+    And if [s]o ware that al the king{is} wold,                   1956
+    When that his leg{is} comytit ony wyce,
+    As beith not to [s]chamful, nore to nyce,
+    That thei pre[s]ume that he is negligent,
+  [Sidenote: He should reprove without dissembling, as it is fitting.]
+    But als far as he thinkith that thei my�-went,                1960
+    But di[s][s]emblyng reprewith as afferis;
+    And pwnice them quhar pwny[s]ing Requeris,
+    Sauf only m{er}cy in the tyme of ned.
+    And [s]o o king he [s]chuld his puple led,                    1964
+    That no tre[s]pa�, that cu{m}myth in his way,
+    Shuld pa� his hond wne-pwni[s]t away;
+    Nore no good deid in to the [s]amyn degree,
+    Nore no wertew, [s]uld wn-Reuardid bee.                       1968
+  [Sidenote: Then flattery, that now is high, should be low.]
+    Than flattry [s]huld, that now is he, be low,
+    And wice from the king{is} court w{i}t{h}-drow;
+    His mini[s]t{er}is that [s]huld the Iu[s]tice reull,
+    Shuld kep well furt{h} of quiet & reull,                      1972
+    That now, god wat, as It con[s]erwit Is,
+    The [s]tere is lo[s]t, and al is gon amys;
+    And vertew [s]huld hame to the court hyme dre�,        [Fol. 25a.]
+    That exillith goith in to the wild{er}nes.                    1976
+
+[Headnote: WISE KINGS MAKE A WISE PEOPLE.]
+
+  [Sidenote: If a king thus stood like his own degree, his people
+  would be virtuous and wise.]
+    Thus if o king [s]tud lyk his awn degree,
+    Wertwis and wy� than [s]huld his puple bee,
+    Only [s]et by vertew hyme to ple�,
+    And [s]ore adred his wi[s]dom to di[s]ple�.                   1980
+    And if that he towart the vicis draw,
+    His folk [s]all go on to that ilk law;
+    What [s]hal hyme ple� that wil no{ch}t ell{is} fynd,
+    Bot ther-apon [s]etith al ther mynde.                         1984
+  [Sidenote: Thus the rule of his people and kingdom standeth only
+  in the king's virtue.]
+    Thus only in the wertew of o king
+    The reull [s]tant of his puple & his ringne,
+    If he be wy� and, but di[s][s]emblyng, [s]chewis,
+    As I have [s]aid, the vicis one to [s]chrewis.                1988
+    And [s]o thus, [s]{ir}, It [s]tant apone thi will
+    For to omend thi puple, or to [s]pill;
+    Or have thi court of vertewis folk, or fullis;
+  [Sidenote: Since thou art wholly master of the schools, teach them,
+  and they shall gladly learn."]
+    Sen yow art holl mai[s]t{er} of the [s]coullis                1992
+    Teichith them, and thei [s]al gladly leir,
+    That is to [s]ay, that thei may no thing heir[T46]
+    Sauf only wertew towart thyn e[s]tat;
+    And cheri� them that wertews ben algait.                      1996
+    And thinkith what that wertew is to thee;
+    It ple[s][s]ith god, vphaldith thi degree."
+  [Sidenote: Arthur considers his counsel profitable.]
+    "Mai[s]t{er}," q{uo}d he, "me think ry{ch}t profitable
+    Yowr con[s]eell Is, and wond{er} honorable                    2000
+    For me, and good; ry{ch}t well I have {con}[s]auit,
+    And in myne hart{is} Inwartne� re[s]auit.
+    I [s]hal fulfill and do yowr ordynans
+    Als far of wit as I have [s]uffi[s]ans;                       2004
+    Bot y be[s]eich yow, in til hartly wy�,
+  [Sidenote: He beseeches him to expound his dream,]
+    That of my drem [gh]he [s]o to me dewy�,
+    The wich [s]o long haith occupeid my mynd,
+  [Sidenote: how he shall only find help through the water-lion,
+  the leech, and the flower.]
+    How that I [s]hal no man{er} [s]ucour fynd                    2008
+    Bot only throw the wattir lyon, & [s]yne
+    The leich that is w{i}t{h}outen medy[s]yne;
+    And of the con[s]ell of the flour; wich ayre
+    Wond{er}is lyk that no man can duclar."                       2012
+
+      [Footnote T46: Or, "leir." MS. apparently has "leir," corrected
+      to "heir."]
+
+[Headnote: THE WATER-LION MEANS GOD.]
+
+    ++"Now, [s]{ir}," q{uod} he, "and I of them al thre,
+    What thei betakyne [s]hal I [s]chaw to the,
+  [Sidenote: The master's explanation.]
+    Such as the clerk{is} at them [s]pecifiit;
+    Thei v[s]it no thing what thei [s]ignefiit.          2016[Fol. 25b.]
+  [Sidenote: The water-lion is the very God.]
+    The wattir lyone Is the god werray,
+    God to the lyone is lyknyt many way;
+    But thei have hyme In to the wattir [s]e�,
+    Confu[s]it were ther wittis al, y we�;                        2020
+  [Sidenote: The water is men's fragility;]
+    The wattir was ther awn fragelitee,
+    And thar tre[s]pas, and thar Inequitee
+    In to this world, the wich thei [s]tond y-clo[s]it;
+    That was the wattir wich thei have [s]uppo[s]it,              2024
+    That haith there knowlag maad [s]o Inp{er}fyt;
+    Thar [s]yne & ek ther worldis gret delyt,
+    As clowdy wattir, was eu{er}more betwe�,
+  [Sidenote: whereby they see not the lion perfectly.]
+    That thei the lyone p{er}fitly hath no{ch}t [s]e�;            2028
+    Bot as the wattir, wich was y{er} awn [s]yn{n}e,
+    That eu{er}mor thei [s]tond confu[s]it In.
+  [Sidenote: Had men been always religious, they had seen the lion
+  not in water, but clearly.]
+    If thei haith [s]tond in to religio� clen,
+    Thei had the lyone Not in watt{er} [s]en,                     2032
+    Bot clerly vp in to the hewyne abuf,
+    Et{er}naly whar he [s]hal not remufe.
+    And eu{er}more in vatt{er} of [s]yne vas hee,
+    For-quhi It is Impo[s][s]eble for to bee;[T47]                2036
+  [Sidenote: The world is enclosed in the darkness of their sin.]
+    And thus the world, wich that thei ar In,
+    Y-clo[s]it Is in dyrknes of ther [s]yne;
+    And ek the thikne� of the air betwen
+    The lyone mad in vattir to be [s]en.                          2040
+    For It was no{ch}t bot [s]trenth of ther clergy
+    Wich thei have here, and It is bot erthly,
+    That makith them there re[s]ou{n}s dewy�,
+    And [s]e the lyone thus in erthly wy�.                        2044
+  [Sidenote: The lion is God's son, Jesu Christ.]
+    This is the lyone, god, and goddis sone,
+    Ih{es}u cri[s]t, wich ay in hewyne [s]al won{n}e.
+    For as the lyone of euery be[s]t is king,
+    So is he lord and mai[s]t{er} of al thing,                    2048
+    That of the ble[s][s]it vyrgyne vas y-bore.
+    Ful many a natur the lyone haith, quhar-fore
+    That he to god re[s]emblyt is, bot I
+    Lyk not mo at this tyme [s]pecify.                            2052
+    This is the lyone, thar-of have yow no dred,
+    That [s]hal the help and comfort In thi ned.
+
+      [Footnote T47: "see"(?).]
+
+[Headnote: THE LEECH WITHOUT MEDICINE IS CHRIST.]
+
+    ++The [s]entens here now woll I the defyne
+  [Sidenote: The leech without medicine is also God.]
+    Of hyme, the lech w{i}t{h}outen medy[s]yne,                   2056
+    Wich is the god that euery thing hath vroght.
+    For yow may know that vther Is It noght,               [Fol. 26a.]
+  [Sidenote: Not as surgeons,]
+    As [s]urgynis and fe[s]icianis, wich that delith
+    W{i}t{h} mortell thing{is}, and mortell thing{is} helyth,     2060
+  [Sidenote: whose art is in medicine,]
+    And al thar art is in to medy[s]yne,
+    As it is ordanit be the my{ch}t dewyne,
+  [Sidenote: and in plaisters, drinks, and various anointments; who
+  know the quality of the year, and the disposition of the planets.]
+    As pla[s]t{er}is, drink{is}, and anouy{n}tme{n}t{is}[T48] [s]eir,
+    And of the qualyte watyng of the yher;                        2064
+    And of the planet{is} di[s]po[s]iciou{n}e,
+    And of the naturis of compleccyoune,
+    And in the diu{er}� changing of hwmowr{is}.
+    Thus wnd{er} reull lyith al there cwris;                      2068
+    And yhit thei far as blynd man In the way,
+    Oft quhen that deith thar craft li[s]t to a[s][s]ay.
+    Bot god, the wich that is the [s]ou{er}an lech,
+    Nedith no man{er} medy[s]yne to [s]ech;                       2072
+    For ther is no Infyrmyte, nore wound,
+    Bot as hyme lykith al is holl and [s]ound.
+  [Sidenote: But God can heal infirmity of thought,]
+    So can he heill Infyrmytee of thoght,
+    Wich that one erdly mede[s]yne can noght;                     2076
+  [Sidenote: and also the soul that goeth to confusion.]
+    And als the [s]aul that to confu[s]ioune goith,
+    And haith with hyme and vther p{ar}teis boith,
+    His dedly wound god helyth frome the ground;
+    On to his cure no medy[s]yne is found.                        2080
+    This Is his my{ch}t that neu{er} more [s]hall fyne,
+    This is the leich w{i}t{h}outen medy[s]yne;
+    And If that yhow at confe[s][s]ioune hath ben
+    And makith the of al thi [s]yn{n}is clen,                     2084
+  [Sidenote: He shall be thy leech in all necessity.]
+    Yow art than holl, and this ilk [s]amyn is he
+    Schall be thi leich In al nece[s][s]itee.
+
+      [Footnote T48: MS. "ano�ytm[-e]t{is}," or "ano[-u]ytm[-e]t{is}."]
+
+[Headnote: THE FLOWER IS THE VIRGIN MARY.]
+
+    ++Now of the flour y woll to the di[s]cer�:
+    This is the flour that haith[T49] the froyt eter�,            2088
+    This is the flour, this fadith for no [s]chour,
+    This is the flour of euery flouris floure;
+
+      [Footnote T49: The word, though indistinct, is almost certainly
+      "haith." Stevenson has "high;" but this gives no sense.]
+
+  [Sidenote: The flower is she of whom the eternal fruit was born,]
+    This is the flour, of quhom the froyt vas bor�,
+    This ws redemyt eft{er} that we war lor�;                     2092
+    This Is the flour that eu{er} [s]pryngith new,
+    This is the flour that changith neu{er} hew;
+  [Sidenote: the virgin that bore the Saviour,]
+    This is the vyrgyne, this is the ble[s][s]it flour
+    That Ih{es}u bur is our salweour,                             2096
+    This flour wnwe{m}myt of hir wirginitee;
+    This is the flour of our felicitee,
+    This is the flour to quhom ve [s]huld exort,
+  [Sidenote: that ceaseth not to support us caitiffs,]
+    This is the flour not [s]e[s][s]ith to [s]upport              2100
+    In prayere, con[s]ell, and in by[s][s]ynes,
+    Vs catifis ay In to our wrechitnes                     [Fol. 26b.]
+    On to hir sone, the quich hir con[s]ell herith;
+    This is the flour that al our gladne� [s]terith,              2104
+  [Sidenote: through whose prayer are many saved.]
+    Throuch whois prayer mony one is [s]awit,
+    That to the deth et{er}naly war re[s]awit,
+    Ne war hir hartly [s]uplicatioune.
+    This is the flour of our [s]aluatioune,                       2108
+    Next hir sone, the froyt of euery flour;
+    This is the [s]am that [s]hal be thi [s]uccour,
+    If that the lykith hartly Reu{er}ans
+    And [s]{er}uice [gh]eld one to hir excellens,                 2112
+    Syne wor[s]chip hir w{i}t{h} al thi by[s][s]yne�;
+    Sche [s]al thi harm, [s]che [s]all thi ned redre�.
+  [Sidenote: She shall so counsel the lion and the leech, that thou
+  need not despair.]
+    Sche [s]all [s]ice con[s]ell if one to the two,
+    The lyone and the [s]ou{er}ane lech al[s]o,                   2116
+    Yow [s]all not Ned yi dre[-m] for to di[s]par,
+    Nor [gh]hit no thing that is in thi contrare.
+    Now--q{uo}d the mai[s]t{er}--yow may well wnd{er}[s]tand
+    Tueching thi drem as I have born on hande;                    2120
+    And planly haith the mat{er} al declarith,
+    That yhow may know of wich yow was di[s]parith.
+    The lech, the lyone, and the flour al[s]o,
+    Yow wor[s]chip them, yow [s]erve them eu{er}mo;               2124
+    And ples the world as I have [s]aid before;
+    In gou{er}nans thus [s]tondith al thi glore.
+  [Sidenote: Do now as thou list, for all is in thy hand.]
+    Do as yow li[s]t, for al is in thi honde,
+    To tyne thi-[s]elf, thi honore, and thi londe,                2128
+    Or lyk o prince, o {con}querour, or king,
+    In honore and in wor[s]chip for to Ringe."
+
+[Headnote: ARTHUR IS COMFORTED.]
+
+  [Sidenote: The king replies,]
+      "Now," q{uod} the king, "I fell that the [s]upport
+    Of yhour con[s]ell haith don me [s]ich comfort,               2132
+  [Sidenote: that his heart is eased from fear;]
+    Of euery raddour my hart is In to e�,
+    To [gh]hour {com}mand, god will, y [s]al obe�.
+    Bot o thing is yneuch wn to me,
+  [Sidenote: but inquires if Galiot will win over the red knight,
+  and what is his name.]
+    How galiot makith his awant that he                           2136
+    Shall have the kny{ch}t, that only by his honde
+    And manhed, was defendour of my londe;
+    If that [s]hall fall y pray yhow tellith me,
+    And quhat he hecht, and of quhat lond is hee?"                2140
+    "What that he hecht yow [s]hall no fory{er} know,
+  [Sidenote: The master evades reply.]
+    His dedis [s]all her-eft{er}wart hyme [s]chaw;
+    Bot {con}trar the he [s]hall be found no way.
+    No more thar-of as now y will the [s]ay."[T50]                2144
+    With that the king haith at his mai[s]tir tone         [Fol. 27a.]
+  [Sidenote: The king and the host return home.]
+    His leve, one to to his cuntre for to go�e;
+    And al the o[s]t makith none abyde,
+    To pa[s][s]ing home anone thei can p{ro}wid;                  2148
+    And to [s]{ir} gawane thei haith o lytt{er} maad,
+    Ful [s]ore ywound, and hyme on w{i}t{h} them haade.
+
+      [Footnote T50: At the bottom of the page is the catch-word,
+      "With that the king."]
+
+      [T]he king, as that the [s]tory can declar,
+  [Sidenote: The king sojourns twenty-four days at Cardole, in Wales.]
+    Pa[s][s]ith to o Cete that was Right fair,                    2152
+    And clepit cardole, In to walis, was,
+    For that tyme than It was the n{er}e[s]t place,
+    And thar he [s]oiornyt xxiiijti days
+    In ryall fe[s]ting, as the auttore [s]ays.                    2156
+    So di[s]cretly his puple he haith cherit,
+    That he thar hartis holy haith {con}querit.
+  [Sidenote: Sir Gawan is healed in fifteen days.]
+    And [s]{ir} gawan, helyt holl and [s]ound
+    Be xv dais he was of euery wounde;                            2160
+    Right blyt{h} therof in to the court war thei.
+
+[Headnote: ARTHUR AGAIN BECOMES MOURNFUL.]
+
+    And [s]o befell, the xxiiij[T51] day,
+  [Sidenote: The king becomes mournful, as he sits at the mess.]
+    The king to fall in to o hewynes,
+    Right ate his table [s]iting at the me�;                      2164
+  [Sidenote: Gawan rebukes him.]
+    And [s]{ir} gawan cu{m}myth hyme before,
+    And [s]aid hyme, "[s]{ir}, yhour thoght is al to [s]ore,
+    Con[s]id{er}ing the diu{er}� kny{ch}t{is} [s]ere
+    Ar of wncouth and [s]trang land{is} here."                    2168
+  [Sidenote: The king answers in "matalent,"]
+    The king an[s]uert, as in to matalent,
+    "S{ir}, of my tho{ch}t, or [gh]hit of myne entent,
+    Yhe have the wrang me to repref, for-quhy
+    Thar lewith none that [s]huld me blam, for I                  2172
+  [Sidenote: that he was thinking of the worthiest knight living;]
+    Was thinkand one the worthie[s]t that lewyt,
+    That al the wor[s]chip In to armys prewyt;
+    And how the thonk of my defens he had,
+    And of the wow that galiot haith mad.                         2176
+    But I have [s]en, when that of my hou[s]hold
+    Thar was, and of my falow[s]chip, that wold,
+    If that thei wi[s]t, quhat thing [s]huld me ple�,
+    Thei wald no{ch}t leif for trawell nor for e�.                2180
+    And [s]um tyme It p{re}[s]wmyt was & [s]aid,
+  [Sidenote: that he once had the flower of knighthood in his
+  household, but now this flower is away.]
+    That in my hou[s]hold of al this world I had
+    The flour of kny{ch}thed and of chevalry;
+    Bot now thar-of y [s]e the contrarye,                         2184
+    Sen that the flour of kny{ch}thed is away."
+    "Schir," q{uod} he, "of Re[s]one [s]uth yhe [s]ay;
+    And if god will, In al this warld [s]o Round           [Fol. 27b.]
+    He [s]al be [s]oght, if that he may he found."                2188
+
+      [Footnote T51: MS. "xxviij," altered to "xxiiij."]
+
+[Headnote: GAWANE'S EXPEDITION.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Gawan departs to seek Lancelot.]
+    Than gawan goith w{i}t{h} o kny{ch}tly chere,
+    At the hal dure he [s]aith In this maner:
+    "In this pa[s]ag who lykith for to wend?
+    It is o Iorne mo[s]t for to comend                            2192
+    That In my tyme In to the court fallith,
+    To knyght{is} wich that chewellry lowith
+    Or trawell In to armys for to hant;
+    And lat no kny{ch}t fra thyne-furt{h} hyme awant              2196
+  [Sidenote: All the knights rise to go with him.]
+    That it denyith;"--w{i}t{h} that onon thei ro�,
+    Al the kny{ch}t{is}, and frome the burdis go�.
+    The king that [s]auch In to his hart was wo,
+  [Sidenote: Arthur reproves him.]
+    And [s]aid, "[s]{ir} gawan, nece, why dois yow [s]o?          2200
+    Knowis yow no{ch}t I myne hou[s]hold [s]uld encre�,
+    In kny{ch}thed, and in honore, and large�?
+    And now yow thinkith mak me di[s][s]olat
+    Of kny{ch}t{is}, and my hou� tran[s]ulat,                     2204
+    To [s]ek o kny{ch}t, and It was neu{er} more
+    Hard [s]ich o [s]emble makith o before."
+  [Sidenote: Gawan explains.]
+    "S{ir}," q{uod} he, "als few as may yhow ple[s]�;
+    For what I said was no thing for myne e�,                     2208
+    Nor for de[s]ir of falou[s]chip, for-why
+    To pa� alone, but cumpany, think I;
+    And ilk kny{ch}t to pa� o [s]undry way;
+    The mo thei pa� the fewar e[s]chef thay,                      2212
+    Bot thus [s]hal pas no mo bot as yhow le[s]t."
+  [Sidenote: Arthur assigns him forty companions.]
+    "Takith," q{uod} he, "of quhom [gh]he lykith be[s]t,
+    Fourty in this pa[s]ag for to go;"
+    At this {com}mand and gawan che[s]it [s]o                     2216
+    Fourty, quhich that he louit, & that was
+    Richt glaid in to his falow[s]chip to pas.
+
+[Headnote: GAWANE AND HIS FELLOWS DEPART.]
+
+  [Sidenote: These knights arm themselves,]
+      [A]nd furth thei go, and al anarmyt thei
+    Come to the king, w{i}t{h}outen more delay,                   2220
+  [Sidenote: and bring the relics, whereon to swear to shew the
+  truth.]
+    The relyk{is} bro{ch}t, as was the man{er} tho,
+    When any knyght{is} frome the court [s]uld go.
+    Or when the pa[s][s]it, or quhen thei com, thei [s]wor
+    The trouth to [s]chaw of euery aduentur.                      2224
+    S{ir} gawan knelyng to his falowis [s]ais,
+    "Yhe lord{is}, wich that in this [s]eking gais,
+    So many noble and worthi kny{ch}t{is} ar [gh]he,
+    Me think in wayne yhour t{ra}uel [s]huld no{ch}t be,          2228
+    For aduentur is non so gret to pref,                   [Fol. 28a.]
+    As I [s]uppone, nor [gh]he [s]al It e[s][s]chef,
+    And if [gh]he lyk as I that [s]hal dewy�,
+    Yhour oth to [s]wer In to the [s]amyne wy�                    2232
+    Myne oith to kep;"--and that thei vnd{er}tak,
+    How eu{er} [s]o that he his oith mak
+    It to con[s]erf, and that thei have all [s]wor�.
+    Than gawan, wich that was the king beforn,                    2236
+  [Sidenote: Gawane swears not to return till he has found Lancelot,
+  or evidence of him.]
+    On kneis [s]wore, "I [s]al the [s]uth duclar
+    Of euery thing when I agan Repar,
+    Nor neu{er} more a[gh]hane [s]al I retur�,
+    Nore in o place long for to [s]uior�                          2240
+    Whill that the kny{ch}t or verray evydens
+    I have, that [s]hal be toknis of credens."
+    His falou[s]chip aba[s]it of that thing,
+    And als therof anoyt was the king,                            2244
+  [Sidenote: Arthur reproves him for forgetting the coming day of
+  battle.]
+    Sayng, "Nece, yow haith al foly vroght
+    And wilfulne�, that haith no{ch}t in thi thoght
+    The day of batell of galot and me."
+  [Sidenote: Gawane says it must be so.]
+    Q{uod} gawan, "Now non other ways ma be."                     2248
+  [Sidenote: Gawane and his fellow lace their helms, and take their
+  leave.]
+    Thar-w{i}t{h} he and his falow[s]chip al[s]o
+    Thar halmys la[s]it, on to ther hor� thei go,
+    Syne tuk ther lef, and frome the court the fare,
+    Thar names ware to long for to declar.                        2252
+    Now [s]al we leif hyme and h{is} cumpany,
+    That in thar [s]eking pa[s][s]ith bi[s][s]ely;
+  [Sidenote: The story returns to the lady of Melyhalt.]
+    And of the lady of melyhalt we tell,
+    W{i}t{h} whome the kny{ch}t mot ned alway duell.              2256
+
+      [T52] [O] day [s]he mayd hyme on to h{ir} p{re}[s]ens fet,
+    And on o [s]ege be-[s]id hir haith hyme [s]et,
+    "S{ir}, in keping I have yow halding long,"
+    And thus [s]che [s]aid, "for gret tre[s]pas & wrong,          2260
+    Magre my [s]tewart, in wor[s]chip, and for-thi
+    [Gh]he [s]uld me thonk;"--"madem," q{uod} he, "and I
+    Thonk yhow [s]o that eu{er}, at my mycht,
+    Whar-[s]o I pa� that I [s]al be yhour kny{ch}t."              2264
+
+      [Footnote T52: Room is here left in the MS. for an illuminated
+      letter, and a small "o" inserted as a note.]
+
+[Headnote: THE LADY ASKS LANCELOT HIS NAME.]
+
+  [Sidenote: She inquires Lancelot's name.]
+    "Grant mercy, [s]{ir}, bot o thing I [gh]ow pray,
+    What that [gh]he ar [gh]he wold w{i}c{h}sauf to [s]ay."
+  [Sidenote: He refuses to tell.]
+    "Madem," q{uod} he, "yhour mercy a[s]k I, quhy
+    That for to [s]ay apone no wy� may I."                        2268
+    "No! wil [gh]he not? non oy{er} ways as now
+  [Sidenote: She vows to keep him in thrall till the day of combat;]
+    [Gh]he [s]al repent, and ek I mak awow
+    One to the thing the wich that I be[s]t love,                 2271
+    Out frome my keping [s]al [gh]he not Remuf             [Fol. 28b.]
+    Befor the day of the a[s][s]emblee,
+    Wich that, o [gh]her, is n{er}e[s]t for to bee;
+    And if that [gh]ow haith ple[s][s]it for to [s]ay,
+    [Gh]he had fore me deliu{er}it ben this day;                  2276
+  [Sidenote: and to go to the court to try and learn it.]
+    And I [s]al knaw, quhey{er} [gh]he wil or no,
+    For I furt{h}-w{i}t{h} one to the court [s]al go,
+    Whar that al thithing{is} goith & cu{m}yth [s]o�."
+    "Madem," q{uod} he, "yhour ple[s]ance mot be do�e."           2280
+  [Sidenote: The knight retires.]
+    W{i}t{h} that the kny{ch}t one to his chalm{er} goith,
+    And the lady hir makith to be wroith
+    A[gh]anis hyme, but [s]uthly vas [s]che not,
+    For he al-out was mor in to hir thoght.                       2284
+    Than [s]chapith [s]he a[gh]ane the ferd day,
+    And richly [s]che gan hir-[s]elf aray;
+    Syne clepit haith apone her cu[s]ynes,
+  [Sidenote: Before going to the court,]
+    And [s]aith, "y will one to the court me dre�;                2288
+    And malice I have [s]chawin on to [gh]hon kny{ch}t,
+    For-quhy he wold no{ch}t [s]chew me quhat he hicht,
+    Bot [s]o, I-wy�, It is no{ch}t in my tho{ch}t,
+    For worthyar non In to this erth is wro{ch}t.                 2292
+  [Sidenote: she prays her cousin to take care of him.]
+    Tharfor I pray, and hartly I requer
+    [Gh]he mak hyme al the cu{m}pany and chere,
+    And do hyme al the wor[s]chip and the e�,
+    Excep his honore, wich that may hym ple�;                     2296
+    And quhen I cum deliu{er}ith hyme als fre
+    As he is now;"--"ne have no dred," q{uod} [s]che.
+
+[Headnote: SHE GOES TO SEE ARTHUR.]
+
+      [T]he lady p{ar}tit, and hir lef hath ton,
+    And by hir Iorne to the court Is gon.                         2300
+  [Sidenote: The lady meets Arthur at Logris;]
+    The king hapnit at logris for to bee,
+    Wich of his realme was than the chef cete;
+    And haith hir met, and In til hartly wy�
+    Re[s]auit her, and welcu{m}myt oft-[s]y�;                     2304
+  [Sidenote: who brings her home to his palace;]
+    And haith hir home one to his palice bro{ch}t,
+    Whar that no dante nedith to be [s]ocht,
+    And maid hir cher w{i}t{h} al his ful entent.
+    Eft fupir one to o chalm{er} ar thei went,                    2308
+    The king and [s]che, and ek the quen al thre;
+    Of hir tithand{is} at hir than a[s]kit hee,
+  [Sidenote: and inquires what has brought her.]
+    And what that hir one to the court had bro{ch}t?
+    "S{ir}," q{uod} [s]che, "I come[T53] not al for no{ch}t;      2312
+  [Sidenote: She says she has a friend who has made a challenge,]
+    I have o frend haith o dereyne ydoo,
+    And I can fynd none able kny{ch}t tharto;              [Fol. 29a.]
+    For he the wich that in the {con}trar Is
+    Is hardy, [s]trong, and of gret kyne, I-wy�;                  2316
+    Bot, It is [s]aid, If I my{ch}t have w{i}t{h} me
+    [Gh]our kny{ch}t, quich in the last a[s][s]emble
+  [Sidenote: which the red knight could best maintain.]
+    Was in the feld, and the red armys bur,
+    In his manhed y my{ch}t my cau� a[s][s]ur;                    2320
+    And yhow, [s]{ir}, richt hartly I exort
+    In to this ned my my[s]t{er} to [s]upport."
+    "Madem, by faith one to the quen I aw
+
+      [Footnote T53: MS. "conne."]
+
+[Headnote: ARTHUR CAN TELL HER NOTHING.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Arthur replies that Gawane is gone to seek him.]
+    That I be[s]t loue, the kny{ch}t I neu{er} [s]aw              2324
+    In nerne� by which that I hyme knew;
+    And ek gawane Is gan hyme for to [s]ew
+    W{i}t{h} other fourty kny{ch}t{is} In to cumpany."
+    The lady [s]mylit at ther fante[s][s]y;                       2328
+    The quen thar-w{i}t{h} p{re}[s]umyt wel that [s]che
+  [Sidenote: The queen asks the lady if she knows where he is.]
+    Knew quhat he was, and [s]aid, "madem, If [gh]he
+    Knowith of hyme what that he is, or quhar,
+    We [gh]how be[s]ech til ws for to declar."                    2332
+  [Sidenote: She replies no, and proposes to return.]
+    "Madem," q{uod} [s]che, "now be the faith that I
+    Aw to the king and yhow, as for no why
+    To court I cam, but of hyme to Inquere;
+    And [s]en of hyme I can no tithing{is} here,                  2336
+    Nedlyng{is} to-morn homwart mon I fair."
+  [Sidenote: Arthur prays her to stay.]
+    "Na," q{uod} the king, "madem, our [s]on It waire;
+    [Gh]he [s]al remayne her for the qwenys [s]ak;
+    Syne [s]hal [gh]he of our be[s]t kny{ch}t{is} tak."           2340
+    "S{ir}," q{uod} [s]che, "I pray [gh]ow me excu�,
+    For-quhy to pa� nedis me behu�;
+    Nor, [s]en I want the kny{ch}t which I have [s]o{ch}t,
+    Wtheris w{i}t{h} me to have de[s]ir I no{ch}t,                2344
+    For I of otheris have that may [s]uffice."
+    Bot [gh]hit the king hir prayt on [s]ich wy�,
+  [Sidenote: She remains till the third day.]
+    That [s]che remanit whill the thrid day;
+    Syne tuk hir leif to pa[s]ing hom hir way.                    2348
+  [Sidenote: She is sumptuously entertained,]
+    It nedis not the fe[s]ting to declar
+    Maid one to hir, nor company nor fare;
+    Sche had no kny{ch}t, [s]che had no damy[s]eill,
+    Nor thei richly rewardit war and well.                        2352
+  [Sidenote: and returns home.]
+    Now goith the lady homwart, and [s]che
+    In her entent de[s]yrus Is to [s]ee
+    The flour of kny{ch}thed and of chevelry;
+    So was he pry[s]it and hold to euery wy.                      2356
+
+[Headnote: THE LADY AGAIN SENDS FOR LANCELOT.]
+
+    ++The lady, which one to hir palace come,              [Fol. 29b.]
+  [Sidenote: Soon after, she sends for Lancelot,]
+    Bot of [s]chort time remanith haith at home
+    When [s]che gart bryng, w{i}t{h}outen Recidens,
+    W{i}t{h} grete effere this kny{ch}t to hir p{rese}ns,         2360
+    And [s]aid hyme; "[s]{ir}, [s]o mekil have I [s]o{ch}t
+    And knowith that be-for I knew no{ch}t,
+  [Sidenote: and proposes to ransom him,]
+    That If yhow lyk I wil yhour Ransone mak."
+    "Madem, gladly, wil [gh]he wich[s]auf to tak                  2364
+    Eft{er} that as my powar may atte�,
+    Or that I may p{ro}wid be ony me�."
+    "Now, [s]{ir}," [s]ho [s]aid, "for[s]ut{h} It [s]al be so,
+  [Sidenote: on one of three conditions.]
+    Yhe [s]al have thre, and che� yhow on of tho;                 2368
+    And if yhow lykith them for to refu�,
+    I can no mor, but [gh]he [s]al me excu�,
+    Yhe ned{is} mot [s]u[s]ten yhour aduentur
+    Contynualy In ward for til endur."                            2372
+    "Madem," q{uod} he, "and I yhow hartly pray,
+    What that thei [s]ay[T54] [gh]he wald w{i}c{h}[s]auf to [s]ay?"
+
+      [Footnote T54: So MS. We should probably read "bee."]
+
+  [Sidenote: Either he must tell whom he loves,]
+      "[T]he fir[s]t," q{uod} [s]che, "who hath in to the che�
+    Of low yhour hart, and if [gh]he may dere�?                   2376
+  [Sidenote: or declare his name,]
+    The next, yhour nam, the which [gh]e [s]al not lye?
+  [Sidenote: or say if he expects again to equal his former exploits.]
+    The thrid, if eu{er} [gh]he think of cheualry
+    So mekil wor[s]chip to atten in feild
+    Apone o day in armys wnd{er} [s]cheld,                        2380
+    As yat [gh]he dyd the [s]amyne day, when [gh]he
+    In red armys was at the a[s][s]emblee?"
+    "Madem," q{uod} he, "is thar non vther way
+    Me to redem, but only thus to [s]ay                           2384
+    Of thing{is}, which that Rynyth me to blam,
+    Me to awant my lady or hir name?
+    But If that I mo[s]t [s]chawin furth that one,
+    What su{er}te [s]chal I have for to gone                      2388
+    At libertee out of this dang{er} free?"
+    "Schir, [s]or to dred no my[s]t{er} is," q{uod} [s]hee;
+    "As I am trew and fa{i}t{h}full woman hold,
+    [Gh]he [s]al go fre quhen one of thir is told."               2392
+    "Madem, yhour will non vther ways I may,
+  [Sidenote: He refuses to tell his lady's name,]
+    I mone obey; and to the fir[s]t y [s]ay,
+    [T55] [I]s, to declar the lady of myne hart,
+    My go[s]t [s]al rather of my bre[s]t a[s]tart"--              2396
+    Whar-by the lady fayndit al for no{ch}t
+    The lowe quhich long hath ben In to h{is} tho{ch}t--
+  [Sidenote: or his own;]
+    "And of my nam, [s]chortly for to [s]ay,
+    It [s]tondith [s]o that one no wy� I may.                     2400
+    Bot of the thrid, madem, I se that I                   [Fol. 30a.]
+    Mon [s]ay the thing that tuechith velany;
+  [Sidenote: but declares that he trusts to do more than ever before;
+  and requires his liberty.]
+    For [s]ut{h} it is I tra[s]t, and god before,
+    In feld that I [s]al do of armys more                         2404
+    Than eu{er} I did, if I {com}mandit bee.
+
+      [Footnote T55: A space is here left for an illuminated letter.]
+
+[Headnote: LANCELOT CLAIMS HIS LIBERTY;]
+
+    And now, madem, I have my libertee,
+    For I have [s]aid I neu{er} tho{ch}t to [s]ay."
+    "Now, [s]{ir}," q{uod} [s]che, "when-eu{er} [gh]he wil ye may;2408
+  [Sidenote: She begs of him a boon;]
+    Bot o thing Is, I yhow hartly raquer,
+    Sen I have hold yhow apone [s]uch maner
+    Not as my fo, that [gh]he vald grant me till."
+    "Madem," q{uod} he, "It [s]al be as [gh]he will."             2412
+    "Now, [s]{ir}," q{uod} [s]che, "it is no thing bot [gh]he
+  [Sidenote: that he will remain with her till the day of battle;]
+    Rema� w{i}t{h} ws wn to the a[s][s]emble,
+    And euery thyng that In yhour my[s]t{er} lyis
+    I [s]all gar ordan at yhour awn dewy�;                        2416
+    And of the day I [s]hall yow c{er}tefy
+    Of the a[s][s]emble [gh]he [s]al not pas therby."
+    "Madem," q{uod} he, "It [s]al be as yhow li[s]t."
+    "Now, [s]{ir}," q{uod} [s]che, "and than I hald It be[s]t,    2420
+    That [gh]he rema� lyk to the [s]amyne dogre
+    As that [gh]he war, yat non [s]al wit that [gh]he
+    Deliu{er}it war; and in to [s]acret wy�
+    Thus may [gh]he be; and now yhe [s]al dewy�                   2424
+  [Sidenote: and inquires what arms he would like to have made
+  for him. He chooses black armour,]
+    What armys that yhow lykyth I gar mak."
+
+[Headnote: AND ASKS FOR BLACK ARMOUR.]
+
+    "Madem," q{uod} he, "armys al of blak."
+    W{i}t{h} this, this kny{ch}t is to his chalm{er} go�;
+    The lady gan ful prewaly di[s][s]pone                         2428
+    For al that longith to the kny{ch}t, in feild;
+    Al blak his hor�, his armour, and his [s]cheld,
+  [Sidenote: which is provided.]
+    That nedful is, al thing [s]che well p{re}widith;
+    And in hir keping thus w{i}t{h} hir he bidith.                2432
+    Suppos of love [s]che takyne hath the charg,
+  [Sidenote: She keeps her love close,]
+    Sche bur It clos, ther-of [s]che vas not larg,
+    Bot wy[s]ly [s]che ab[s]tenit hir di[s][s]ir,
+    For ell{is} quhat, [s]che knew, he was afyre;                 2436
+    Thar-for hir wit hir wor[s]chip haith defendit,
+  [Sidenote: being commended for discretion.]
+    For in this world thar was nan mor co{m}mendit,
+    Boith of di[s]creccioune and of womanhed,
+    Of gou{er}nans, of nurtur, and of farhed.                     2440
+    This kny{ch}t w{i}t{h} hir thus al this whil mon duell,
+  [Sidenote: The story returns to Arthur--]
+    And furt{h} of arthur [s]umthing wil we tell--
+
+      [T]hat walkyng vas furt{h} in to his Regiou{n}is,
+    And [s]oiornyt in his ceteis and his townis,                  2444
+    As he that had of vi[s]dome [s]ufficyans.              [Fol. 30b.]
+  [Sidenote: who obeys the counsel of Amytans,]
+    He kepit the lore of mai[s]t{er} amytans
+    In ryghtwy[s]nes, In fe[s]ting and larges,
+    In cheri[s]ing cu{m}pany and hamlynes;                        2448
+    For he was bi[s][s]y and was deligent,
+  [Sidenote: and gives away largely;]
+    And largly he iffith, and di[s]pent
+    Rewardis, boith one to the pur & riche,
+    And holdith fe[s]t throw al the [gh]her eliche.               2452
+
+[Headnote: ARTHUR'S LIBERALITY.]
+
+    In al the warld pa[s][s]ing gan his name,
+    He chargit not bot of encre� and fa[-m]e,
+    And how his puples hart{is} to emple�;
+    Thar gladnes ay was to his hart mo[s]t e�.                    2456
+    He rakith not of riches nor tre[s][s]our,
+    Bot to di[s]pend one wor[s]chip & honour;
+    He ifith riches, he ifith lond and rent,
+    He cheri�yth them w{i}t{h} word{is} eloquent,                 2460
+  [Sidenote: and thus gains his people's love.]
+    So that thei can them vtraly p{ro}pone
+    In his [s]{er}uice thar lyves to di[s]pone:
+    So gladith the[-m]e his homely {con}tynans,
+    His cheri[s]yng, his wordis of ple[s]ans,                     2464
+    His cumpany, and ek his mery chere,
+    His gret rewardis, and his ift{is} [s]ere.
+    Thus hath the king non vthir be[s]ynes
+    Bot cheri[s]ing of kny{ch}t{is} and large�,                   2468
+    To mak hyme-[s]elf of honour be {com}mend;
+    And thus the [gh]her he drywith to the ende.
+
+EXPLICIT SECUNDA P{AR}S, INCIPIT T{ER}CIA P{AR}S.
+
+
+[Headnote: THE TRUCE DRAWS TO A CLOSE.]
+
+[BOOK III.]
+
+  [Sidenote: The sun ascends in his altitude.]
+    ++The long dirk pa[s]ag[T56] of the vint{er}, & the ly{ch}t
+    Of phebus {com}prochit w{i}t{h} his my{ch}t;                  2472
+    The which, a[s]cending In his altitud,
+    Awodith satur� w{i}t{h} his [s]tormys Rude;
+  [Sidenote: The soft dew falls down from heaven.]
+    The [s]oft dew one fra the hewyne doune valis[T57]
+    Apone the erth, one hill{is} and on valis,                    2476
+    And throw the [s]obir & the mw[s]t hwmour{is}
+    Vp nuri[s]it ar the erbis, and in the flouris
+  [Sidenote: Nature decks the earth with various hues.]
+    Natur the erth of many diu{er}� hew
+    Our-fret, and cled w{i}t{h} the tendir new.                   2480
+    The birdis may them hiding in the grawis               [Fol. 31a.]
+  [Sidenote: The birds may hide them from the hawk in the groves,
+  and Scilla may ascend in the air.]
+    Wel frome the halk, that oft ther lyf berevis;
+    And scilla hie a[s]cending in the ayre,
+    That euery vight may heryng hir declar                        2484
+    Of the [s]e[s][s]one the pa[s][s]ing lu[s]tynes.
+    This was the tyme that phebus gan hy{m} dre�
+    In to the rame, and haith his cour� bygown,
+    Or that the trewis and the [gh]her vas Rown,                  2488
+  [Sidenote: The time of combat between Galiot and the king drew
+  near.]
+    Which was y-[s]et of galiot and the king
+    Of thar a[s][s]emble, and of thar meting.
+    Arthur haith a xv dais before
+    A[s][s]emblit al his barnag and more                          2492
+    That weryng wnd{er} his [s]ubieccioune,
+    Or louith hyme, or longith to his crown;
+    And haith his Iornay tone, w{i}t{h}outen let,
+  [Sidenote: Arthur goes to the appointed place.]
+    On to the place the wich that was y-[s]et,                    2496
+    Whar he hath found befor hyme mony o kny{ch}t
+    That cu{m}myng war w{i}t{h} al thar holl my{ch}t,
+    Al enarmyt both w{i}t{h} [s]pere & [s]cheld,
+    And ful of lug{is} plantith haith the feld,                   2500
+    Hyme In the wer for to [s]upport and [s]erf
+    At al ther my{ch}t, his thonk for to di[s][s]erf.
+
+      [Footnote T56: So MS. Should we read "pasith"?]
+      [Footnote T57: So MS. It should be "falis."]
+
+[Headnote: GAWANE REJOINS ARTHUR.]
+
+    And gawan, which was in the [s]eking [gh]hit
+    Of the gud kny{ch}t, of hyme haith got no wit,                2504
+  [Sidenote: Gawane remembers the day,]
+    Remembrith hyme apone the king{is} day,
+    And to his falowis one this wys can [s]ay:
+    "To [gh]how is knowin the mat{er}, in what wy�
+    How that the king hath w{i}t{h} his e{n}nemys                 2508
+    A c{er}tan day, that now comprochit nere,
+    And one to ws war hewynes to here
+    That he var in to p{er}ell or in to dreid,
+    And we away and he of ws haith neid;                          2512
+    For we but hyme no thing may e[s]chef,
+    And he but ws in honore well may lef;
+    For, be he lo[s]t, we may no thing w{i}t{h}[s]tond,
+    Our-[s]elf, our honore we tyne, & ek o{ur} lond.              2516
+  [Sidenote: and proposes to his fellows to go to help the king.]
+    Tharfor, I red we pas on to the king,
+    Suppos our oth It hurt in to [s]um thing,
+    And in the feld w{i}t{h} hyme for til endur,
+    Of lyf or deth and tak our aduentur."                         2520
+    Thar-to thei ar con[s]entit eu{er}ilkon,
+    And but dulay the have thar Iorney to�e.
+    When that the king them [s]aw, in h{is} entent         [Fol. 31b.]
+  [Sidenote: Arthur is well content at their coming,]
+    Was of thar com Right wond{er} well {con}tent;                2524
+    For he p{re}[s]wmyt no thing that thei wold
+  [Sidenote: not expecting them.]
+    Have cu{m}myne, but one furt{h} to y{er} [s]eking hold.
+    And thus the kinghis o[s]t a[s][s]emblit has
+    A[gh]ane the tyme, a[gh]aine the day that vas                 2528
+    Y-[s]tatut and ordanit for to bee,
+    And euery thing hath [s]et in the dogre.
+
+[Headnote: THE TRUCE ENDS.]
+
+      [A]nd galiot, that haith no thing for[gh]het
+    The termys quhich that he befor had set,                      2532
+  [Sidenote: Galiot also assembles his folk,]
+    A[s][s]emblit has, apone his best maner,
+    His folk, and al his other thing{is} [s]ere,
+    That to o weryour longith to p{ro}uid,
+    And is y-come apone the tothir [s]yde.                        2536
+  [Sidenote: doubling his army and artillery;]
+    Whar he befor was one than vas he two,
+    And al his vthir artil[gh]ery also
+    He dowblith hath, that m{er}well was to [s]e�;
+  [Sidenote: and pitches on the green by the river.]
+    And by the rewere ly{ch}tit one the gre�,                     2540
+    And [s]tronghar thane ony wallit toune
+    His o[s]t y-bout yclo[s]it in Randoune.
+    Thus war thei cu{m}myne apone ather [s]yd
+  [Sidenote: Before the truce is ended,]
+    Be-for the tyme, them-[s]elf for to p{ro}wid.                 2544
+    Or that the trewis was complet & rwn,
+    Men my{ch}t have [s]en one euery [s]id begwn
+  [Sidenote: many combats are seen between lusty men;]
+    Many a fair and knychtly Iup{er}ty
+    Of lu[s]ty me{n}, and of [gh]ong chevalry,                    2548
+    Di[s]yrus In to armys for to pruf;
+    Sum for wynyng, [s]u{m} cau[s]ith vas for luf,
+    Sum In to wor[s]chip to be exaltate,
+    Sum cau[s]it was of wordis he & hate,                         2552
+    That lykit not ydill for to ben;
+  [Sidenote: a hundred pair at once.]
+    A hund{er}eth pair at onis one the gren.
+    Thir lu[s]ty folk thus can thar tyme di[s]pend,
+    Whill that the trewis goith to the ende.                      2556
+  [Sidenote: The truce past,]
+    The trewis pa[s]t, the day is cu{m}myne ono�e,
+    One euery [s]yd the can them to di[s]pone;
+    And thai that war mo[s]t [s]acret & mo[s]t dere
+  [Sidenote: Galiot's friends inquire who shall fight on his side
+  on the morrow.]
+    To galiot, at hyme the can enquere,                           2560
+    "Who [s]al a[s][s]emble one yhour [s]yd to-mor�e?
+    To-ny{ch}t the trewis to the end is worne."
+    He an[s]uerit, "As yhit one to this were
+    I ame awy[s]it I wil none armys bere,                         2564
+    Bot If It [s]tond of more Nece[s][s]itee;              [Fol. 32a.]
+    Nor to the feld will pas, bot for to [s]ee
+    Yhone kny{ch}t, the which that berith [s]ich o fame."
+  [Sidenote: He commands the first-conquest king to take 30,000 men.]
+    Than clepit he the {con}quest king be name,                   2568
+    And hyme {com}mandit xxx thou[s]and tak
+    A[gh]aine the morne, and for the feld hyme mak.
+    And gawane haith, apone the toy{er} syde,
+    Con[s]ulit his Eme he [s]chuld for them p{ro}wid,             2572
+    And that he [s]chuld none armys to hyme tak
+    Whill[T58] galiot will for the feld hyme mak.
+    "I grant," q{uo}d [he [T59]], "wharfor [gh]he mone di[s]pone
+  [Sidenote: Gawane leads Arthur's forces.]
+    Yhow to the feld w{i}t{h} al my folk to-morne,                2576
+    And thinkith in yhour manhed and curage
+    For to reci[s]t [gh]hone folk{is} gret owtrag."
+
+      [Footnote T58: MS. "Wihill."]
+      [Footnote T59: Omitted in MS.]
+
+  [Sidenote: The day comes.]
+      [T]he ny{ch}t is gone, vp goith the morow gray,
+    The bry{ch}t [s]one [s]o cherith al the day:                  2580
+    The kny{ch}t{is} gone to armys than, in ha[s]t;
+    One goith the [s]cheild{is} and the helmys la[s]t;
+  [Sidenote: Arthur's men cross the ford.]
+    Arthuris o[s]t out our the furrde thai ryd.
+    And thai agane, apone the toy{er} syd,                        2584
+  [Sidenote: Galiot's men assemble in a vale.]
+    A[s][s]emblit ar apone o lu[s]ty greyne,
+    In to o waill, whar [s]one thar my{ch}t be [s]eyne
+    Of kny{ch}t{is} to-gedder many o pair
+    In to the feld a[s][s]emblyng her & thair,                    2588
+    And [s]ted{is} which that haith thar ma[s]t{er} lorne;[T60]
+    The kny{ch}t{is} war done to the erth doune borne.
+
+      [Footnote T60: MS. has "borne." We should read "lorne," as in
+      line 2092.]
+
+[Headnote: DEEDS OF SIR ESQUYRIS.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Sir Esquyris, a manly knight,]
+    S{ir} e[s]quyris, which was o manly kny{ch}t
+    In to hyme-[s]elf, and hardy vas & wy{ch}t;                   2592
+    And in till armys gretly for to pry�,
+    [Gh]hit he was pure, he prewit wel oft-[s]y�;
+  [Sidenote: at that time of Galiot's company,]
+    And that tyme was he of the cu{m}panee
+    Of galiot, bot eft{er}wart was hee                            2596
+    W{i}t{h} arthur; and that day In to the feild
+    He come, al armyt boith w{i}t{h} [s]pere and [s]cheld,
+    W{i}t{h} fer� de[s]ir, as he that had na dout,
+  [Sidenote: attacks a band,]
+    And is a[s][s]emblit ewyne apone a rowt;                      2600
+    His [s]pere is gone, the kny{ch}t goith to the erd,
+    And out onon he pullith haith o [s]werd;
+  [Sidenote: and proves his manhood.]
+    That day In armys p{re}wit he ry{ch}t well
+    His [s]trenth, his manhed; arthuris folk thai fell.           2604
+
+[Headnote: DEEDS OF SIR GWYANS.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Then Galys Gwynans, brother of Ywan,]
+    Than galys gwynans, w{i}t{h} o manly hart,
+    Which broy{er} was of ywane the ba[s]tart,
+    He cu{m}myne Is onone one to the [s]tour
+    For {con}quering In armys of honour,             2608  [Fol. 32b.]
+  [Sidenote: encounters him, and horse and man go all four to earth.]
+    And cownt{er}it w{i}t{h} e[s]quyris hath so
+    That[T61] hor� and man, al four, to erth thai go;
+    And [s]till o quhill lying at the ground.
+    W{i}t{h} that o p{ar}t of arthur{is} folk thei found          2612
+  [Sidenote: Arthur's folk rescue Gwyans;]
+    Till gwyans, and haith hyme [s]one re[s]kewit.
+    A[gh]anis them til e[s]quyris thei [s]ewyt
+  [Sidenote: thirty knights of Galiot's arrive, and rescue Esquyris.]
+    Of galiot{is} well xxx^ti kny{ch}t{is} & mo;
+    Gwyans goith done, and vthir vij al[s]o,                      2616
+    The wich war tone & e[s]qwyris relewit.
+  [Sidenote: Next Ywan comes to the _m�l�e_.]
+    Than ywane the anterus, aggrewit,
+    W{i}t{h} kyn{n}i[s]me{n} one to the melle [s]o{ch}t.
+    The hardy kny{ch}t{is}, that one thar wor[s]chip tho{ch}t,    2620
+    Cownt{er}it them In myddis of the [s]cheld,
+    Whar many o kny{ch}t was born do� i{n} the feld;
+  [Sidenote: Galiot's men give way.]
+    Bot thei wich ware on galiot{is} p{ar}t,
+    So wnd{er}takand nor of [s]o hardy hart                       2624
+    Ne ware thei not as was i{n} ye {con}trare.
+  [Sidenote: Gwyans is again rescued.]
+    S{ir} galys gwyans was re[s]qwyt thare
+    W{i}t{h} his falowis, and e[s]qwyris don bore.
+    Thar al the batell{is} cam, w{i}t{h}outen more,               2628
+    On ather p{ar}t, and is a[s][s]emblit [s]o
+  [Sidenote: 50,000 men are assembled.]
+    Whar fyfty thou[s]and war thei, & no mo.
+  [Sidenote: 30,000 on Galiot's side approach the river,]
+    In o plane be[s]yd the gret Riwere
+    Xxx thou[s]and one galiot{is} half thei vare;                 2632
+  [Sidenote: and 10,000 on Arthur's.]
+    Of arthuris x thou[s]and and no mo
+    Thei ware, and [gh]hit thai {con}tenit them [s]o
+    And in the feld [s]o manly haith bor�,
+    That of thar fois haith the feld for[s]wor�.                  2636
+
+      [Footnote T61: MS. has "than."]
+
+[Headnote: SIR GAWANE'S INTREPIDITY.]
+
+    The {con}que[s]t king, wich the p{er}ell knowith,
+  [Sidenote: Gawane puts the conquest-king to flight.]
+    Ful manly one to the feld he drowith;
+    The lord [s]{ir} gawan, cou{er}it w{i}t{h} h{is} [s]cheld,
+    He ru[s]chit in myddis of the feld,                           2640
+    And haith them [s]o in to his com a[s][s]ayt,
+    That of his manhed ware thei al affrait;
+    No lang{er} my{ch}t thei {con}trar hyme endur,
+    Bot fled, and goith one to di[s]cu{m}fiture.                  2644
+  [Sidenote: Galiot, full of anger and grief, sends out a new band.]
+    And galiot, wich haith the di[s]c{um}fit [s]en,
+    Fulfillit ful of ang{er} and of ten,
+    In{con}tine{n}t he [s]end o new poware,
+    Whar-w{i}t{h} the feld{is} al our-cou{er}it ware              2648
+    Of armyt [s]ted{is} bot{h} in plait and maill,         [Fol. 33a.]
+    W{i}t{h} kny{ch}t{is} wich war reddy to a[s][s]aill.
+  [Sidenote: Gawane draws his men together, and shews them
+  comfortable words.]
+    S{ir} gawan, [s]eing al the gret [s]uppris
+    Of fois cu{m}myng In to [s]ich o wys,                         2652
+    Togiddir al his cumpany he drew,
+    And confortable word{is} to them [s]chew;
+    So at the cu{m}myng of thar ennemys
+  [Sidenote: They receive the foe in manly wise.]
+    Thei them re[s]auf, in [s]o manly wy�,                        2656
+    That many one felith deithis wound,
+    And wnd{er} hor� lyith [s]obing one the ground.
+    This vther cu{m}myth in to gret de[s]ir,
+    Fulfillit ful of matelent and Ire,                            2660
+    So fre[s]chly, w{i}t{h} [s]o gret o confluens,
+    Thar [s]trong a[s][s]ay hath don [s]ich vyolens,
+    And at thar come arthuris folk [s]o led,
+    That thai war ay abay[s]it and adred.                         2664
+    Bot gawan, wich that, by this vorld{is} fame,
+    Of ma{n}hed and of kny{ch}thed bur the name,
+    Haith p{re}wit [hym] well be exp{er}iens;
+    For only In til armys his defens                              2668
+  [Sidenote: Gawane encourages his fellows,]
+    Haith maid his falowis tak [s]ich hardyme{n}t,
+    That manfully thei biding one the bent.
+    Of his manhed war m{er}well to raher�;
+    The kny{ch}tis throw the [s]cheld{is} can he per�,            2672
+    That many one thar dethis haith re[s]auit;
+    None armour frome his my{ch}ty hond them [s]auit,
+  [Sidenote: though their foes are three to one;]
+    [Gh]hit ay for one ther ennemys wor thre.
+    Long my{ch}t thei no{ch}t endur in [s]uch dugree;             2676
+    The pre� it wos [s]o creuell & [s]o [s]trong,
+    In gret anoy and haith {con}tinewit longe,
+  [Sidenote: yet his men are forced to retreat to their tents.]
+    That, magre them, thei ned{is} mo[s]t abak
+    The way one to thar lug{is} for to tak.                       2680
+    S{ir} gawan thar [s]ufferith gret my[s]chef,
+    And wond{er}is in his kny{ch}thed can he pref;
+    His falou[s]chip haith m{er}well that hym [s]aw,
+    So haith his fois that of his [s]uerd [s]tud aw.              2684
+  [Sidenote: Arthur beholds the peril of the field, and sends Sir
+  Ywan to help them,]
+    King arthur, that al this whill beheld
+    The dang{er} and the p{er}ell of the feld,
+    S{ir} ywan w{i}t{h} o falow[s]chip he [s]ende,
+    Them In that ned to help & to defend,                         2688
+    Qwich fond them In to danger and in were,              [Fol. 33b.]
+    And ent{er}it nere In to thar tentis were.
+  [Sidenote: who finds Sir Gawane fighting on foot with only his
+  sword.]
+    S{ir} gawan fechtand was one fut At erde,
+    And no defend, but only in his [s]werde,                      2692
+    A[gh]anis them bot{h} w{i}t{h} [s]pere and [s]cheld.
+    Of galowa the kny{ch}t goith to the erde.[T62]
+
+      [Footnote T62: Read "felde"?]
+
+[Headnote: SIR YWAN RESCUES GAWANE.]
+
+  [Sidenote: The battle was furious and wood.]
+    Thar was the batell furyous and woud[T63]
+    Of armyt kny{ch}t{is}; to the grownde thai [gh]hud.           2696
+    S{ir} ywane, that was a noble knyght,
+    He [s]chew his [s]trenth, he [s]chew thar h{is} g{r}et my{ch}t,
+    In al his tyme that neu{er} of before
+    Off armys, nore of kny{ch}thed, did he more:                  2700
+  [Sidenote: Sir Ywan rescues Sir Gawane,]
+    S{ir} gawan thar re[s]kewit he of fors,
+    Magre his fois, and haith hyme [s]et one hor�
+    That frome the fir[s]t {con}que[s]t king he wa�;
+  [Sidenote: who was so evilly wounded, that he was the worse thereof
+  evermore.]
+    Bot [s]{ir} gawan [s]o ewill was wondit than,                 2704
+    And in the feld [s]upp{ri}[s]it was [s]o [s]ore,
+    That he the wer� thar-of was eu{er}more.
+    Thar [s]chew the lord [s]{ir} ywan h{is} curage,
+    His manhed, & h{is} noble wa[s][s]olage;                      2708
+    And gawan, in his doing, wald no{ch}t irk;
+
+      [Footnote T63: MS. "woid," but the "_i_" is undotted, and is
+      therefore perhaps meant for the first stroke of a "_u_."]
+
+[Headnote: END OF THE FIRST DAY'S BATTLE.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Darkness parts the combatants.]
+    So al the day enduring to the dyrk
+    Sal them, magre of thar de[s]yre, {con}[s]t{r}en
+    On ayar half fore [to] dep{ar}t in twen.                      2712
+    And when that gawan of his hor� vas to�,
+    The blud out of his noi� & mouth is go�,
+    And largly [s]o pa[s][s]ith euery wounde,
+  [Sidenote: Sir Gawane swoons,]
+    In [s]wonyng thore he fell one to the ground:                 2716
+    Than of the puple petee was to here
+    The lemytable clamour, and the chere;
+  [Sidenote: so that the king despairs of his "niece's" life, and
+  laments over him.]
+    And of the king the [s]orow and the care,
+    That of his nec{is} lyf was in di[s][s]pare.                  2720
+    "Far well," he [s]ais, "my gladnes, & my delyt,
+    Apone kny{ch}thed far well myne appetit,
+    Fare well of manhed al the g{r}et curage,
+    Yow flour of armys and of va[s][s]olage,                      2724
+    Gif yow be lo[s]t!"--thus til his tent hyme bro{ch}t
+  [Sidenote: The surgeons are sought,]
+    W{i}t{h} wofull hart, and al the [s]urry[gh]enis [s]ocht,
+    Wich for to cum was reddy at his neid;
+    Thai fond the lord was of his lyf i{n} dreid,                 2728
+    For wondit was he, and ek wondit [s]o,
+  [Sidenote: who found he had two broken ribs, but no mortal wound.]
+    And in his [s]yd ware brokyne Ribys two.
+    Bot no{ch}t for-thi the king thai maid beleif
+    That at that tyme he [s]huld the deith e[s]chef.     2732[Fol. 34a.]
+
+      [O]ff melyhalt the ladyis kny{ch}t{is} were
+    In to the feld, and can thir tithing{is} here,
+  [Sidenote: The lady of Melyhalt's knights tell her how the battle
+  went,]
+    And home to thar lady ar thai went,
+    Til hir to [s]chewing eft{er} thar entent,                    2736
+    In euery poynt, how that the batell [s]tud
+    Of galiot, and of his multitud;
+  [Sidenote: and how Gawane bare him in the field, and of his wounds.]
+    And how gawan hyme in the feld hath bor�,
+    Throw quhoys [s]werd [s]o many o kny{ch}t vas lor�,           2740
+    And of the kny{ch}tly wond{er}is that he wro{ch}t,
+    Syne how that he one to his tent vas bro{ch}t.
+    The lady hard, that lowit gawan so,
+  [Sidenote: She weeps for him.]
+    She gan to wep, in to[T64] hir hart vas wo.                   2744
+
+      [Footnote T64: MS. "in in"; but "in to" is clearly meant.]
+
+[Headnote: LANCELOT'S LAMENT FOR GAWANE.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Lancelot requests to see the lady;]
+    Thir tythyng{is} one to lancelot ar go�,
+    Whar-of that he was wond{er} wo-bygone,
+    And for the lady ha[s]tely he sent,
+    And [s]che til hyme, at his co{m}mand, Is went:               2748
+  [Sidenote: and inquires if Gawane is really likely to die.]
+    He [s]alu[s]t hir, and [s]aid, "madem, Is trew
+    Thir tithing{is} I her report of new
+    Of the a[s][s]emble, and meting of the o[s]t,
+    And of [s]{ir} gawan, wich that [s]huld be lo[s]t?            2752
+    If that be [s]wth, adew the flour of armys,
+  [Sidenote: He laments over him,]
+    Now neu{er}more recou{er}yt be the harmys!
+    In hyme was manhed, curte[s][s]y, and trouth,
+    Be[s]y trawell In kny{ch}thed, ay but [s]leuth,               2756
+    Humilyte, [and] gentrice, and cwrag;
+    In hyme thar was no man{er} of outrage.
+  [Sidenote: first apostrophizing himself,]
+    Allace! kny{ch}t, allace! what [s]hal yow [s]ay?
+    Yow may complen, yow may bewail the day                       2760
+    As of his deith, and glad[s]chip aucht to [s]es,
+    Baith men[s]tra[s]y and fe[s]ting at the des;
+    For of this lond he was the holl comfort,
+    In tyme of ned al kny{ch}thed to [s]upport!                   2764
+  [Sidenote: and next blaming the lady for not having allowed him
+  to be present in the battle.]
+    Allace! madem, and I dur[s]t [s]ay at [gh]he
+    Al yhour behe[s]t not kepit haith to me,
+    Whar-of that I was in to full belef
+    A[gh]a�e this day that I [s]chuld have my lef,                2768
+    And no{ch}t as cowart thus [s]chamfully to ly
+    Excludit in to cage frome chewalry,
+    Whar othir kny{ch}t{is} anarmyt on thar [s]tedis
+    Hawnt{is} ther [gh]houthhed in to kny{ch}tly dedis."          2772
+    "S{ir}," q{uo}d [s]che, "I red yhow not di[s]ple�,
+    [Gh]he may In tyme her-eft{er} cum at es;              [Fol. 34b.]
+  [Sidenote: She promises he shall go to the next battle,]
+    For the thrid day Is ordanit, & [s]hal be
+    Of the o[s]t{is} a new a[s][s]emble,                          2776
+    And I have gart ordan al the gere
+    That longith to [gh]our body for to were,
+  [Sidenote: saying that his sable armour is ready.]
+    Boith hor� and armour In the [s]amyne wy�
+    Of [s]able, ewyne aftir [gh]hour awn dewy�;                   2780
+    And yhe [s]al her remayne one to the day;
+    Syne may [gh]he pa�, fore well [gh]he knaw the way."
+    "I will obey, madem, to yhour entent."
+    W{i}t{h} that [s]che goith, and to hir re[s]t is went:        2784
+  [Sidenote: In the morn she takes her leave, to go to the court.]
+    One the morn arly vp [s]che ro�
+    W{i}t{h}out delay, and to the kny{ch}t [s]che gois,
+    And twk hir lef, and [s]aid that [s]cho vald fare
+    On to the court, w{i}t{h}-outen any mare.                     2788
+  [Sidenote: He kneels, and thanks her often.]
+    Than knelit he, and thankit hir oft-[s]ys,
+    That [s]che [s]o mych hath done hyme of ge{n}tri�,
+    And hir byhecht eu{er}, at his myght,
+    To be hir awn trew & [s]tedfa[s]t kny{ch}t.                   2792
+  [Sidenote: She goes unto the king,]
+    Sche thonkith hyme, and [s]yne [s]che goith h{er} way
+    On to the king, w{i}t{h}-owten more delay,
+    Whar that i{n}[T65] honour w{i}t{h} king & qwen [s]che [s]all
+    Ry{ch}t thonkfully re[s]auit be w{i}t{h}-all.                 2796
+    Eft to [s]{ir} gawan thai hir led, & [s]che
+    Ryght gladly hyme de[s]yrit for to [s]ee,
+  [Sidenote: and finds Sir Gawane quite different from what had been
+  told her.]
+    And [s]che hyme fond, and [s]che was glad tharfore,
+    All vthir ways than was hir told before.                      2800
+    The kny{ch}t, the wich in to hir keping vas,
+  [Sidenote: The lady's cousin cherishes Lancelot in her best manner.]
+    Sche had {com}mandit to hir cu[s][s]ynece,
+    Wich cheri[s]t hyme apone hir be[s]t manere,
+    And comfort hyme, and maid hy{m} ry{ch}t gud chere.           2804
+
+      [Footnote T65: MS. "w{i}t{h};" which is crossed out, and "i{n}"
+      inserted above, rather minutely written.]
+
+[Headnote: LANCELOT PREPARES FOR BATTLE.]
+
+      [T]he days goith, [s]o pa[s][s]ith als the ny{ch}t,
+  [Sidenote: The third day, the maiden goes to his chamber, and
+  fastens on his armour.]
+    The thrid morow, as that the [s]one vas ly{ch}t,
+    The kny{ch}t onon out of his bed aro�,
+    The maden [s]one one to his chalm{er} go�,                    2808
+    And [s]acretly his armour one hyme [s]pent.
+    He tuk his lef, and [s]yne his way he went
+  [Sidenote: He goes to the same green, beside the river, as before.]
+    Ful prewaly, ry{ch}t to the [s]amyne gre�
+    One the rewere, whar he befor had ben,                        2812
+    Ewyne as the day [he] the first cour� hath maad.
+    Alone ry{ch}t thar he howit, and abaade,
+    Behalding to the bertes, whar the qwe�                 [Fol. 35a.]
+  [Sidenote: He abides there alone, looking towards the parapet
+  where he saw the queen.]
+    Befor at the a[s][s]emble he had se�                          2816
+    Ry{ch}t [s]o the [s]one [s]chewith furt{h} his ly{ch}t,
+    And to his armour went is euery wy{ch}t;
+  [Sidenote: The jousting begins.]
+    One athir half the Iusting is bygon,
+    And many o fair and knych[t]ly cour� is rown.                 2820
+  [Sidenote: The black knight still halts on his steed.]
+    The blak kny{ch}t [gh]hit howyns on his [s]ted,
+    Of al thar doing takith he no hed,
+    Bot ay, apone the be[s]ynes of tho{ch}t,
+    In beholding his ey dep{ar}tit no{ch}t.                       2824
+
+[Headnote: THE QUEEN BEHOLDS THE BLACK KNIGHT.]
+
+  [Sidenote: The lady beholds him and knows him; but yet inquires
+  who he is,]
+    To quhom the lady of melyhalt beheld,
+    And knew hyme by h{is} armour & h{is} [s]cheld,
+    Qwhat that he was; and thus [s]che [s]aid one hy{ch}t:
+    "Who is he [gh]one? who may he be, [gh]hone kny{ch}t,         2828
+    So [s]till that hovith and [s]terith not his Ren,
+    And [s]eith the kny{ch}t{is} rynyng one the gre�?"
+  [Sidenote: thus calling the attention of Gawane,]
+    Than al beholdith, and in princypale
+    S{ir} gawan beholdith mo[s]t of all;                          2832
+    Of melyha[l]t the lady to hyme maid
+    In{con}tine{n}t, his couche and gart be had
+    Be-fore o wyndew thore, as he my{ch}t se
+    The kny{ch}t, the o[s]t, and al the a[s][s]emble.             2836
+    He lukith furt{h}, and [s]one the kny{ch}t hath [s]en,
+  [Sidenote: who saith to the queen:]
+    And, but delay, he [s]aith one to the qwen,
+  [Sidenote: "Madam, remember that the red knight halted where yon
+  knight halts."]
+    "Madem, if [gh]he remembir, [s]o it was
+    The red kny{ch}t in to the [s]amyne place                     2840
+    That wencu[s]t al [at] the first a[s][s]emble;
+    Whar that [gh]one kny{ch}t howis, howit hee."
+  [Sidenote: "Why do you inquire?" she replies.]
+    "[Gh]ha," q{uod} the qwen, "ry{ch}t well remembir I;
+    Qwhat is the cau� at [gh]he inquere, & quhy?"                 2844
+    "Madem, of [al] this larg warld is he
+  [Sidenote: "He is the knight, madam, whom I most desire to see."]
+    The kny{ch}t the wich I most de[s]ir to [s]ee
+    His [s]trenth, his ma{n}hed, his curag, and h{is} my{ch}t,
+    Or do in armys that longith to o kny{ch}t."                   2848
+
+[Headnote: THE ORDER OF BATTLE.]
+
+      [B]y thus, arthur, w{i}t{h} con[s]ell well awy[s]it,
+  [Sidenote: Arthur arranges his lines of battle.]
+    Haith ordanit his batell{is}, and devy[s]it:
+  [Sidenote: King Ydrus leads the first;]
+    The fir[s]t of them led ydrus king, & he
+    O worthy man vas ne{m}myt for to bee.                         2852
+  [Sidenote: Harwy the Reweyll, an aged knight, the second.]
+    The [s]ecund led harwy the Reweyll,
+    That in this world was kny{ch}t that had mo[s]t feill
+    For to p{ro}wid that longith to the were,
+    One agit kny{ch}t, and well couth armys bere.                 2856
+
+      [T]he thrid feld [he] deliu{er}it in the hond        [Fol. 35b.]
+  [Sidenote: King Angus, a cousin of Arthur, leads the third.]
+    Of ang{us}, king of ylys of [s]cotlande,
+    Wich cu[s]ing was one to king arthur nere,
+    One hardy kny{ch}t he was, w{i}t{h}outen were.                2860
+  [Sidenote: King Ywons the fourth.]
+    The ferd batell led ywons the king,
+    O manly kny{ch}t he was In to al thing.
+    And thus dewy[s]it ware his batell{is} [s]ere,
+  [Sidenote: In every company are 15,000.]
+    In euery feld xv thou[s]and were.                             2864
+
+      [T]he fift[T66] batell the lord [s]{ir} ywan lede,
+  [Sidenote: The lord Sir Ywan leads the rearguard.]
+    Whois ma{n}hed was i{n} euery cu{n}tre dred,
+    Sone he was one to wryne the kyng,
+    Forwart, [s]tout, hardy, wy�, and [gh]hing;                   2868
+    Xx thou[s]and in his o[s]t thai pa[s]t,
+    Wich ordanit was for to a[s][s]emble la[s]t.
+  [Sidenote: Galiot's armies.]
+      [A]nd galiot, apone the tothir [s]yde,
+    Ry{ch}t wy[s]ly gan h{is} batell{is} to dewid.                2872
+  [Sidenote: Malenginys leads the first line;]
+    The fir[s]t of them led malenginys the king,
+    None hardyar In to this erth lewyng;
+    He neu{er} more out of his cuntre Raid,
+    Nor he w{i}t{h} hyme one hund{er}eth kny{ch}t{is} hade.       2876
+
+      [Footnote T66: MS. "fir[s]t." See l. 2870.]
+
+  [Sidenote: the first-conquest king the second; Walydeyne the third;]
+      [T]he [s]ecund the first-conque[s]t king led,
+    That for no p{er}ell of armys vas adred;
+    The thrid, o king clepit walydeyne,
+    He led, and was o manly kny{ch}t, but weyne.                  2880
+
+  [Sidenote: Clamedeus the fourth;]
+      [T]he ferd, king clamede{us} has,
+    Wich that lord of far ylys was.
+  [Sidenote: and King Brandymagus the fifth.]
+    The fift[T67] batell, whar xl thou[s]and were,
+    King brandymag{us} had to led and [s]tere,                    2884
+    O manly kny{ch}t, and prewit well oft-[s]y�,
+    And in his con[s]ell wond{er} [s]charp & wy�.
+  [Sidenote: Galiot bore no arms;]
+    Galiot non armys bur that day,
+    Nor as o kny{ch}t he wald hyme-[s]elf aray,                   2888
+  [Sidenote: but was arrayed as a servant in a habergeon with
+  a "prekyne" hat, and a truncheon in his hand.]
+    But as o [s]{er}uand in o habariowne,
+    O prekyne hat, and ek o gret trown[s]ciow�
+    In til his hond, and one o cur[s]our [s]et,
+    The be[s]t that was in ony lond to get.                       2892
+    Endlong the rewar men my{ch}t behold & [s]ee,
+    Of kny{ch}t{is} weryne mony one a[s][s]emble;
+  [Sidenote: The black knight still remains looking towards the
+  parapet.]
+    And the blak kny{ch}t [s]till he couth abyde,
+    W{i}t{h}out remowyng, one the Riwer [s]yde,                   2896
+    Bot to the bartes to behold and [s]ee
+    Thar as his hart de[s]yrit mo[s]t to bee:
+
+      [Footnote T67: MS. "fir[s]t."]
+
+[Headnote: THE FIRST MESSAGE TO THE BLACK KNIGHT.]
+
+  [Sidenote: The lady says to the queen--]
+    And quhen the lady of melyhalt haith [s]e�
+    The kny{ch}t [s]o [s]tond, [s]che [s]aid one to the qwe�,[Fol. 36a.]
+  [Sidenote: "Madam, pray commend yourself to yon knight."]
+    "Madem, It is my con[s]ell at [gh]he send                     2901
+    One to [gh]one kny{ch}t, [gh]our-[s]elf for to {com}mend,
+    Be[s]eiching hyme that he wald wnd{er}tak
+    This day to do of armys, for [gh]our [s]ak."                  2904
+  [Sidenote: The queen replies]
+    The quen an[s]uerit as that hir lykit no{ch}t,
+    For othir thing was more In to hir tho{ch}t,
+    "For well [gh]he [s]e the p{er}ell how disio[i]nt,
+    The adwentur now [s]tondith one the point                     2908
+    Boith of my lord his honore, and h{is} lond,
+    And of his men, i{n}[T68] dang{er} how thai [s]tond:
+
+      [Footnote T68: Stevenson reads "the"; but "the" is crossed out,
+      and "i{n}" written over it.]
+
+  [Sidenote: that the lady and the rest may send a message, but that
+  she will not herself take part in it.]
+    Bot [gh]he, and ek thir vthere ladice may,
+    If that yhow lykith, to the kny{ch}t gar [s]ay                2912
+    The me[s]ag; is none that wil yhow let,
+    For I tharof [s]al no{ch}t me ent{er}met."
+    On to the quen [s]cho [s]aith, "her I,
+    If [s]o it ple� thir vthir ladice by,                         2916
+    Am for to [s]end one to the kny{ch}t {con}tent;"
+    And al the ladice can thar-to a[s][s]ent,
+    Be[s]eching hir the me[s]ag to dewy�,
+    As [s]che that was mo[s]t prudent & mo[s]t wy�.               2920
+  [Sidenote: The lady sends a discreet maiden,]
+    Sche grantit, and o made� haith thai tone,
+    Di[s]cret, apone this me[s]ag for till gone;
+  [Sidenote: and Sir Gawane a squire, with two spears,]
+    And [s]{ir} gawan a [s]qwyar bad al[s]o,
+    W{i}t{h} two [s]peris one to the kny{ch}t to go.              2924
+    The lady than, w{i}t{h}outen more dulay,
+    Haith chargit hir apone this wy� to [s]ay:
+  [Sidenote: to say that all the ladies, the queen alone excepted,
+  commend them to the black knight,]
+    "Schaw to the kny{ch}t, the ladice eu{er}-ilkone
+    Ben In the court, excep the quen allon,                       2928
+    Til hyme them haith reco{m}mandit oft-[s]y�,
+    Be[s]eching hyme of kny{ch}thed and gentri�,
+    (Or if It hapyne eu{er}more that he [s]hall
+    Cum, quhar thai may, owther an or all,                        2932
+    In ony thing awail hyme or [s]upport,
+    Or do hyme ony ple[s]ans or comfort,)
+  [Sidenote: and pray him to essay some deed of arms.]
+    He wold wich[s]aif for loue of them this day
+    In armys [s]um manhed to a[s][s]ay;                           2936
+    And [s]ay, [s]{ir} gawan hyme the [s]per{is} [s]ent;
+    Now go, this is the fek of our entent."
+  [Sidenote: The damsel and squire]
+    The damy[s]ell [s]che hath hir palfray tone,
+    The sqwyar w{i}t{h} the [s]peris w{i}t{h} hir go�;            2940
+    The n{er}e[s]t way thai pa� one to ye kny{ch}t,        [Fol. 36b.]
+  [Sidenote: repeat the message.]
+    Whar [s]che repete hir me[s]ag haith ful ry{ch}t:
+
+[Headnote: SIR LANCELOT IS NOT CONTENT.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Sir Lancelot, finding the queen not in the message,]
+    And quhen he hard, and planly wnd{er}[s]tude,
+    How that the quen not in the me[s]ag [gh]ude,                 2944
+  [Sidenote: was not content,]
+    He [s]pak no word, bot he was not {con}tent;
+    Bot, of [s]{ir} gawan, glaid in his entent,
+    He a[s]kit quhar he was, and of h{is} fair?
+    And thai to hyme the man{er} can duclair;                     2948
+  [Sidenote: but asks the squire to hold the two spears ready for
+  him.]
+    Than the [s]qwyar he prayth that he wold
+    Pa� to the feld, the [s]peris for to hold.
+    He [s]aw the kny{ch}t{is} [s]emblyng her and thare,
+    The [s]tedis Rynyng w{i}t{h} the [s]adill{is} bare;           2952
+    His [s]puris goith in to the [s]tedis syde,
+    That was ful [s]wyft, and lykit not to byd;
+
+[Headnote: HE USES UP SIR GAWANE'S TWO SPEARS.]
+
+    And he that was hardy, fer�, and [s]tout,
+  [Sidenote: He attacks a company of a hundred knights, slays the
+  nearest,]
+    Furth by o [s]yd a[s][s]emblyng on a rout                     2956
+    Whar that one hund{er}eth kny{ch}t{is} was, & mo;
+    And w{i}t{h} the fir[s]t has Recount{er}it so,
+    That frome the deth not helpith hy{m} h{is} [s]cheld,
+    Boith hor� and man is lying in the feld;                      2960
+    The [s]pere is gone, and al in pecis brak,
+  [Sidenote: and with the stump of his spear bereaves two or three
+  of their saddles.]
+    And he the trun[s]cyoune in h{is} hand hath tak
+    That two or thre he haith the [s]adill{is} reft,
+    Whill in his hond [s]chortly no thing is left.                2964
+    Syne, to the [s]quyar, of the feld is go�,
+  [Sidenote: He takes a new spear from the squire, and overthrows
+  three knights.]
+    Fro hyme o [s]pere In to his hond haith ton,
+    And to the feld returnyt he a[gh]ayne:
+    The fir[s]t he met, he goith one the plan,                    2968
+    And ek the next, and [s]yne the thrid al[s]o;
+    Nor in his hond, nore in his [s]trak was ho.
+    His e{n}nemys that veryng In affray
+    Befor his [s]trok, and makith rovm alway;                     2972
+    And in [s]ich wy� ay in the feld he vro{ch}t,
+    Whill that his [s]peris gon var al to no{cht};
+    Whar-of [s]{ir} gawan berith vitne[s]ing
+    Throw al this world that thar vas non levyng,                 2976
+    In [s]o [s]chort tyme [s]o mych of armys wro{ch}t.
+
+[Headnote: HE USES UP SIR GAWANE'S TWO SPEARS.]
+
+  [Sidenote: His spears gone, he returns to his first position.]
+    His [s]peris gone, out of the feld he [s]o{ch}t,
+    And pa[s][s]it is one to the Rewere syde,
+    Ry{ch}t thore as he was wont for to abyde;                    2980
+    And [s]o beholdyne In the [s]amyne pla�,               [Fol. 37a.]
+    As to the feld hyme lykit no{ch}t a[gh]a�.
+  [Sidenote: Sir Gawane says to the queen:]
+    Sir gawan [s]aw, and [s]aith on to the quen,
+  [Sidenote: "Madam, yon knight thinks himself despised, because you
+  so specially excepted yourself in the message;]
+    "Madem, yhone knycht di[s]ponit [not],[T69] I wey�,           2984
+    To help ws more, fore he [s]o is awy[s]it;
+
+      [Footnote T69: "not" seems required.]
+
+    As I p{re}[s]ume, he thinkith hyme di[s]pi[s]it
+    Of the me[s]ag that we gart to hyme mak;
+    Yhowre-[s]elf yhe have [s]o [s]pecialy out-tak,               2988
+    He thinkith ewill contempnit for to bee,
+    Con[s]id{er}ing how that the nece[s][s]itee
+    Mo[s]t prin[s]pally to yhowr [s]upporting lyis.
+    Tharfor my con[s]ell is, yhow to dewy�,                       2992
+    And ek [gh]howre-[s]elf i{n} yhowr t{r}e[s]pas accu�,
+  [Sidenote: ask him mercy, therefore, and excuse your guilt.]
+    And a[s]k hyme mercy, and yhour gilt excu�.
+    For well it oucht o prince or o king
+    Til honore and til cheri� in al thing                         2996
+    O worthi man, that is in kny{ch}thed p{re}wit.
+    For throw the body of o man e[s]chevit
+    Mony o wondir, mony one aduenture,
+    That m{er}well war til any creature.                          3000
+    And als oft-tyme is boith hard & [s]en,
+  [Sidenote: For often, by one knight's prowess, have 40,000 been
+  worsted by 5,000.]
+    Quhar xl thou[s]and haith di[s]cu{m}fit ben
+    Vith v thou[s]and, and only be o kny{ch}t;
+    For throw his [s]trenth, his vor[s]chip, & h{is} my{ch}t,     3004
+    His falow[s]chip [s]ich comfort of hym tais
+    That thai ne dreid the dang{er} of thar fays.
+    And thus, madem, I wot, w{i}t{h}outen were,
+  [Sidenote: If yon knight will continue to help the king,]
+    If that [gh]hone kny{ch}t this day will p{er}[s]ywere         3008
+    W{i}t{h} his manhed for helping of the king,
+    We [s]al have cau� to dred in to no thing.
+    Our folk of hyme thai [s]al [s]ich comfort tak,
+    And [s]o adred thar ennemys [s]al mak,                        3012
+    That [s]ur I am, onys or the ny{ch}t,
+  [Sidenote: yon folk shall perforce take to flight."]
+    Of for� [gh]hone folk [s]al tak one them the fly{ch}t:
+    Wharffor, madem, that [gh]he have gilt to mend,
+    My con[s]ell is one to [gh]hon kny{ch}t [gh]e [s]end."        3016
+
+[Headnote: THE SECOND MESSAGE TO THE BLACK KNIGHT.]
+
+  [Sidenote: She consents to send a message.]
+    "S{ir}," q{uod} [s]che, "quhat ple[s][s]ith yhow to do
+    [Gh]he may dewy�, and I con[s]ent thar-to."
+    Than was the lady of melyhalt {con}tent,
+    And to [s]{ir} gawan in-to-{con}tynent                        3020
+    Sche clepit the maid, wich that pa[s][s]it ar;         [Fol. 37b.]
+  [Sidenote: A maiden is therefore sent to say,]
+    And he hir bad the me[s]ag thus duclar.
+    "Say [to][T70] the kny{ch}t, the quen hir reco{m}mendith,
+    And [s]al correk in quhat that [s]che offendith               3024
+    At his awn will, how [s]o hyme li[s]t dewy�;
+  [Sidenote: that the queen humbly exhorts him]
+    And hyme exortith, in mo[s]t humyll wy�,
+    As eu{er} he will, whar that [s]che can or may,
+    Or powar haith hir charg, be ony way,                         3028
+    And for his wor[s]chip and his hie ma{n}hede,
+  [Sidenote: to help in that need to preserve the king's honour,
+  and to deserve her thanks.]
+    And for hir luf, to helpen i{n} that ned
+    The king{is} honore, his land fore to pre[s]erf,
+    That he hir thonk for eu{er} may de[s]erf."                   3032
+
+      [Footnote T70: "to" seems required.]
+
+[Headnote: SIR GAWANE SENDS HIM TEN SPEARS MORE.]
+
+    And four [s]quyaris chargit he al[s]o
+  [Sidenote: Sir Gawane also sends four squires with three horses
+  and ten spears.]
+    W{i}t{h} thre hor� and [s]peris x to go
+    Furt{h} to the knycht, hyme prayng for his [s]ak,
+    At his raque[s]t thame in his ned to tak.                     3036
+
+      [T]he maden furt{h} w{i}t{h} the [s]qwyar{is} is went
+    One to the kny{ch}t, and [s]chawith y{ar} entent.
+  [Sidenote: The message heard, he inquires about the queen,]
+    Tho me[s]ag hard, and ek ye pre[s]ent [s]e�,
+    He an[s]werit, and a[s]kith of the qwen;                      3040
+  [Sidenote: and is told that from yon parapet she can witness his
+  deeds.]
+    "S{ir}," q{uod} [s]che, ["sche][T71] in to [gh]hone bartiis lyis,
+    Whar that this day yhour dedis [s]al dewy�,
+    Yhowr manhed, yhour wor[s]chip, and affere,
+    How [gh]he {con}te�, and how yhe armys bere;                  3044
+    The quen hir-[s]elf, and many o lady to,
+    Sal Iug{is} be, and vitnes how yhe do."
+    Than he, whois hart [s]tant in o new aray,
+  [Sidenote: He returns a message that he is the queen's knight.]
+    Saith, "damyceyll, on to my lady [s]ay,                       3048
+    How eu{er} that hir lykith that it bee,
+    Als far as wit or powar is in me,
+    I am hir kny{ch}t, I [s]al at hir {com}mand
+    Do at I may, w{i}t{h}outen more demand.                       3052
+    And to [s]{ir} gawan, for his gret gentri�,
+    Me reco{m}mend and thonk a thou[s]and [s]y�."
+    W{i}t{h} that o [s]per he takith in his hond,
+  [Sidenote: He stands in his stirrups; and seems to increase a foot
+  in height.]
+    And [s]o in to his [s]terapis can he [s]tond                  3056
+    That to [s]{ir} gawan [s]emyth that the kny{ch}t
+    Encre[s]yng gon o larg fut one hycht;
+    And to the ladice [s]aith he, and the qwen,
+    "[Gh]hon is the kny{ch}t that eu{er} I have [s]en             3060
+    In al my tyme mo[s]t kny{ch}tly of affere,
+    And in hyme-[s]elf gon fare[s]t armys bere."
+
+      [Footnote T71: A second "sche" is here required.]
+
+[Headnote: THE BLACK KNIGHT'S CHARGE.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Greatly encouraged,]
+      [T]he kny{ch}t that haith Reme{m}brit in his tho{ch}t  [Fol. 38a.]
+    The qwenys charg{is}, & how [s]che hy{m} be[s]o{ch}t,         3064
+    Curag can encre[s]ing to his hart;
+    His cur[s]er lap, and gan onon to [s]tart;
+    And he the [s]qwaris haith reqwyrit [s]o,
+    That thai w{i}t{h} hyme one to the feld wald go.              3068
+  [Sidenote: without delay he crosses over the river to the field;]
+    Than goith he one, w{i}t{h}outen mor abaid,
+    And our the reuar to the feld he raid;
+    Don goith his [s]pere onone In to the Re[s]t,
+  [Sidenote: and goes in wherever he sees most peril.]
+    And in he goith, w{i}t{h}outen mor are[s]t,                   3072
+    Thar as he [s]aw mo[s]t p{er}ell and mo[s]t dred
+    In al the feld, and mo[s]t of help[T72] had ned,
+    Whar [s]emblyt was the fir[s]t-{con}que[s]t king
+    W{i}t{h} mony o kny{ch}t that was in his leding.              3076
+  [Sidenote: He overthrows two knights.]
+    The fir[s]t he met, doune goith boith hor� & man;
+    The [s]per was holl, and to the next he Ra�
+    That helpit hyme his hawbrek nor h{is} [s]cheld,
+    Bot throuch and throuch haith per[s]it i{n} the feld.         3080
+
+      [Footnote T72: MS. "held."]
+
+[Headnote: SIX KNIGHTS FOLLOW HIM.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Sir Kay, Sir Sygramors, Sir Gresown, Sir Ywan, Sir
+  Brandellis, and Gahers, all six in a race spur across the field
+  with stretched spears,]
+    S{ir} kay, the wich haith this encontyr [s]en,
+    His hor� he [s]trekith our the larg gren,
+    And [s]{ir} [s]ygramors ek the de[s]yrand,
+    W{i}t{h} [s]{ir} gre[s]own cu{m}myth at y{ar} honde,          3084
+    Son of the duk, and al[s]ua [s]{ir} ywan
+    The ba[s]tart, and [s]{ir} brandellis onan,
+    And gaher�, wich that broyir was
+    To gawan; thir [s]ex in a Ra�                                 3088
+    Deliu{er}ly com prekand our the feld{is}
+    W{i}t{h} [s]peris [s]traucht, and cou{er}it w{i}t{h}
+            thar [s]cheldis;
+    Sum for love, [s]um honor to purche�,
+  [Sidenote: and 100 knights after them.]
+    And aftir them one hund{er}eth kny{ch}t{is} was,              3092
+    In [s]amyne will, thar manhed to a[s][s]ay.
+    On his v falowis clepit than [s]{ir} kay,
+  [Sidenote: Sir Kay exhorts them]
+    And [s]aith them, "[s]{ir}is, thar has [gh]hond{er} ben
+    A cour� that neu{er}-more farar was [s]en                     3096
+    Maid be o kny{ch}t, and we ar cu{m}myn ilkon
+    Only ws one [his] wor[s]chip to di[s]pone;
+    And neu{er} we in al our dais my{ch}t
+    Have bet axampil than iffith ws [gh]one kny{ch}t              3100
+  [Sidenote: to keep near the black knight, and follow his guidance
+  all day.]
+    Of well doing; and her I hecht for me
+    Ner hyme al day, if that I may, to bee,
+    And folow hyme at al [my] my{ch}t I [s]all,
+    Bot deth or vthir adwentur me fall.                           3104
+    W{i}t{h} that thir [s]ex, al in one a[s][s]ent,
+    W{i}t{h} fre[s]ch curag In to the feld Is went.
+    The blak kny{ch}t{is} [s]pere in pec{is} go�e,         [Fol. 38b.]
+  [Sidenote: With a second spear, the black knight seeks the field,
+  closely followed by the six.]
+    Frome o [s]qwyar o�e vthir haith he to�e,                     3108
+    And to the feld onone he goith ful ry{ch}t;
+    Thir [s]ex w{i}t{h} hyme ay holdith at y{ar} my{ch}t.
+    And than bygan his wond{er}is in the feld;
+    Thar was no helme, no hawbryk, nore no [s]cheld,              3112
+  [Sidenote: No knight nor armour can withstand him.]
+    Nor yhit no kny{ch}t [s]o hardy, fer�, nore [s]tout,
+    No [gh]hit no man{er} armour my{ch}t hald owt
+    His [s]trenth, nore was of powar to w{i}t{h}[s]tond;
+    So mych of armys dyde he w{i}t{h} his honde,                  3116
+  [Sidenote: Every wight wonders at his deeds.]
+    That euery wight ferleit of h{is} deid,
+    And al his fois [s]tondith ful of dreid.
+    So be[s]ely he can his tyme di[s]pend,
+    That of the [s]peris wich [s]{ir} gawan [s]end,               3120
+  [Sidenote: He uses up all Gawane's spears.]
+    Holl of them all thar was not lewit o�e;
+    Throw wich but m{er}cy to the deyth is gon
+    Ful many o kny{ch}t, and many o weriour,
+    That cout{h} [s]u[s]ten ful hardely o [s]tour.                3124
+  [Sidenote: Two horses of his are killed, and he fights on foot.]
+    And of his hor� [s]upp{ri}[s]it ded ar two,
+    One of his awn, of gawanis one al[s]o,
+    And he one fut was fechtand one the gren,
+    When that [s]{ir} kay haith w{i}t{h} his falowis [s]e�;       3128
+  [Sidenote: The squire brings him a fresh horse;]
+    The [s]qwyar w{i}t{h} his hor� than to hy{m} bro{ch}t;
+    Magre his fois he to his cour[s]eir [s]o{ch}t
+    Deliu{er}ly, as of o my{ch}ty hart,
+  [Sidenote: he leaps into the saddle without stirrups.]
+    W{i}t{h}out [s]teropis in to his [s]adill [s]tart,            3132
+    That euery wycht beholding m{er}vell has
+    Of his [s]trenth and deliu{er} be[s]ynes.
+
+[Headnote: SIR KAY ASKS WHO THE BLACK KNIGHT IS.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Sir Kay asks who he is,]
+    S{ir} kay, [s]eing his hor�, and how that thai
+    War cled in to [s]{ir} gawanis aray,                          3136
+    A[s]kith at the [s]quyar if he knewith
+    What that he was, this kny{ch}t? & he hym [s]chewith
+  [Sidenote: but the squire cannot tell.]
+    He wi[s]t no thing quhat that he was, nore hee
+    Befor that day hyme neu{er} [s]aw w{i}t{h} Ee.                3140
+    Than a[s]kith he, how and one quhat wy�
+    On gawanis hor� makith hyme [s]ich [s]{er}uice?
+    The [s]qw[y]ar [s]aith, "for[s]uth y wot no more;
+    My lord ws bad, I not the cau� quharfore."                    3144
+  [Sidenote: The black knight returns to the field.]
+    The blak kny{ch}t, hor[s]it, to the feld can [s]ew
+    Als fre[s]ch as he was in the morow new;
+  [Sidenote: The six comrades follow him.]
+    The [s]ex falowis folowit hyme ilkone,
+    And al in front on to the feld ar go�;                        3148
+    Ry{ch}t fre[s]chly one thar ennemys thai [s]oght,      [Fol. 39a.]
+    And many o fair poynt of armys vroght.
+
+  [Sidenote: Malangin's host is discomfited by king Ydras; and
+  retreats to join the second line, commanded by the Conquest-king;]
+      [T]han hapnyt to king malangins o[s]t
+    By ydras king di[s]cu{m}fit was, & lo[s]t,                    3152
+    And fled, and to the {con}que[s]t-king ar go�e,
+    Thar boith the batell{is} a[s][s]emblit In to one;
+    King malengynis in to his hart was wo,
+    For of hyme-[s]elf no bett{er} kny{ch}t my{ch}t go;           3156
+  [Sidenote: so that 40,000 are now opposed to 15,000 of Arthur's.]
+    Thar xl thou[s]and war thai for xv.
+    Than my{ch}t the feld ry{ch}t p{er}ellus be [s]en
+    Of armyt kny{ch}t{is} gaping one the ground;
+    Sum deith, and [s]um w{i}t{h} mony a grewous wond;            3160
+    For arthuris kny{ch}t{is}, that manly war and gud,
+    Suppos that vthir was o multitude,
+    Re[s]auit tham well at the [s]peris end;
+    But one [s]uch wy� thai may not lang defend.                  3164
+
+[Headnote: THE BLACK KNIGHT'S PROWESS.]
+
+  [Sidenote: The black knight, knowing who is beholding him,]
+    The blak kny{ch}t [s]aw the dang{er} of the feld,
+    And al his doing{is} knowith quho beheld,
+    And ek reme{m}brith in to his entent
+    Of the me[s]ag that [s]che haith to hyme [s]ent:              3168
+    Than curag, [s]trenth encre[s]ing w{i}t{h} ma{n}hed,
+    Ful lyk o kny{ch}t one to the feld he raid,
+  [Sidenote: thinks to have his lady's love, or die before her.]
+    Thinking to do his ladice love to have,
+    Or than his deth befor hir to re[s]ave.                       3172
+    Thar he begynyth in his fer� curag
+    Of armys, as o lyoune in his rag;
+    Than m{er}well was his doing to behold;
+    Thar was no kny{ch}t [s]o [s]trong, nor yhit [s]o bold,       3176
+    That in the feld befor his [s]uerd he met,
+    Nor he [s]o hard his [s]trok apone hyme [s]et,
+    That ded or wondit to the erth he [s]o{ch}t;
+  [Sidenote: He works nothing but wonders;]
+    For thar was not bot wond{er}is that he wro{ch}t.             3180
+    And magre of his fois eu{er}ilkone,
+  [Sidenote: and often passes alone through the field.]
+    In to the feld oft tymys hyme alo�
+    Throuch and throuch he pa[s][s]ith to & fro;
+    For in the ward[T73] it was the man{er} tho                   3184
+    That non o kny{ch}t [s]huld be the brydill tak
+    Hyme to ore[s]t, nore cum behynd h{is} bak,
+    Nor mo than on at onys one o kny{ch}t
+    Shuld [s]trik, for that tyme wor[s]chip [s]tud [s]o ry{ch}t.  3188
+    [Gh]hit was the feld ry{ch}t p{er}ellus and [s]trong
+    Till arthuris folk, [s]et thai {con}tenyt longe;
+    Bot in [s]ich wy� this blak kny{ch}t can {con}ten,     [Fol. 39b.]
+  [Sidenote: He fights in such wise as to encourage all who see his
+  deeds.]
+    That thai, the wich that hath his manhed [s]e�,               3192
+    Sich hardyment haith takyne In his ded,
+    Them tho{ch}t thai had no man{er} cau� of dred,
+    Als long as he my{ch}t owthir ryd or go,
+    At euery ned he them recomfort [s]o.                          3196
+  [Sidenote: Sir Kay and his fellows follow him all day.]
+    S{ir} kay haith w{i}t{h} his falowis al the day
+    Folowit hyme al that he can or may,
+    And wondir well thai have in armys p{re}wit,
+    And w{i}t{h} thar manhed oft thar folk relewit;               3200
+    Bot well thai faucht in diu{er}� placis [s]ere,
+  [Sidenote: But at last they are nearly all overpowered by numbers.]
+    W{i}t{h} multitud y{ar} folk confu[s]it were,
+    That long in [s]ich wy� my{ch}t thai no{ch}t {con}te�.
+
+      [Footnote T73: Another spelling of _warld_, i.e. world, which
+      occurs in the fuller form in l.�3212.]
+
+[Headnote: SIR KAY'S MESSAGE TO SIR HARWY.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Sir Kay sends Gawane's squire with a message to Sir
+  Harwy that he ought not to suffer the best knight that ever bore
+  arms to be surprised,]
+    S{ir} kay, that hath [s]{ir} gawans q[s]quyar{is} [s]en,      3204
+    He clepit hyme, and haith hyme prayt [s]o,
+    That to [s]{ir} harwy the rewell wil he go,
+    And [s]ay to hyme, "ws think hyme ewil awy[s]it;
+    For her throuch hyme he [s]ufferit be [s]uppri[s]it           3208
+    The be[s]t kny{ch}t that eu{er} armys bur;
+    And if it [s]o befell of adwentur,
+    In his defalt, that he be ded or lamyt,
+    This warld [s]al have hyme vtraly defamyt.                    3212
+  [Sidenote: nor six knights of the Round Table to be discomfited.]
+    And her ar of the round table al[s]o
+    A falou[s]chip, that [s]all in well and wo
+    Abid w{i}t{h} hyme, and furt{h} for to endur
+    Of lyf or deth, this day, thar adwentur;                      3216
+    And if [s]o fal di[s]cumfyt at thai bee,
+    The king may [s]ay that wond{er} ewill haith he
+    Contenit hyme, and kepit his honore,
+    Thus for to tyne of chevalry the flour!"                      3220
+  [Sidenote: The squire takes the message.]
+    The [s]qw[y]ar hard, and furt{h} his way Raid,
+    In termys [s]chort he al his me[s]ag [s]aid.
+    S{ir} harwy [s]aith, "y wytne� god, that I
+    Neu{er} in my days comytit tratory,                           3224
+    And if I now begyne In to myne eld,
+    In ewill tyme fyr[s]t com I to this feld;
+  [Sidenote: Sir Harwy says that Sir Kay shall have no cause to
+  reprove him.]
+    Bot, if god will, I [s]al me [s]on di[s]charg.
+    Say to [s]{ir} kay, I [s]al not ber the charg,                3228
+    He [s]al no mat{er} have me to rapref,
+    I [s]al amend this mys if that I lef."
+    The [s]qwyar went and tellit to [s]{ir} kay;
+
+  [Sidenote: Sir Harwy comes to support them;]
+    ++And [s]{ir} harwy, in al the ha[s]t he may,                 3232
+    A[s][s]emblyt hath his o[s]t{is}, & ono�
+    In gret de[s]yre on the feld is gon                    [Fol. 40a.]
+    Before his folk, and haldith furt{h} his way;
+    Don goith his [s]per, and ewyne before [s]{ir} kay            3236
+    So hard o kny{ch}t he [s]trykith in his ten
+    That hor� and he lay boith apone the gren.
+    S{ir} gawan [s]aw the count{er} that he maad,
+    And leuch for al the [s]arues that he had:                    3240
+  [Sidenote: and proves himself a better warrior than might have
+  been expected of one so old.]
+    That day [s]{ir} harwy prewyt in the feld
+    Of armys more than longith to his eld,
+    For he was more than fyfty yher of ag,
+    Set he was fer� and [gh]ong in his curag;                     3244
+    And fro that he a[s][s]emblyt his bataill
+  [Sidenote: Galiot's folk are beaten.]
+    Doune goith the folk of galot{is} al haill;
+    For to w{i}t{h}[s]tond thai war of no poware,
+    And yhit of folk x thou[s]and mo thei vare.                   3248
+
+  [Sidenote: King Valydone comes to support them.]
+    ++Kyng valydone, that [s]auch on [s]uch o wy�
+    His falowis dang{er}it w{i}t{h} thar ennemys,
+    W{i}t{h} al his folk, being fre� and new,
+    Goith to the feld onon, them to re[s][s]kew;                  3252
+    Thar was the feld ry{ch}t p{er}ellus a[gh]a�e,
+    Of arthuris folk ful many on var [s]lan.
+
+  [Sidenote: Angus comes to aid Arthur's men.]
+    ++Bot angus, quhich that lykith not to bid,
+    And [s]aw the p{er}ell one the tother [s]id,                  3256
+    His [s]ted he [s]trok, and w{i}t{h} his o[s]t is gon
+    Whar was mo[s]t ned, and thar the feld has ton.
+
+  [Sidenote: Clamedyus comes to aid Galiot's men.]
+    ++Kyng clamedyus makith non abaid,
+    Bot w{i}t{h} his o[s]t one to the [s]id he raid.              3260
+
+[Headnote: GALIOT'S FOLK ARE WORSTED.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Ywons encounters Clamedyus.]
+    ++And ywons king, that haith his cu{m}myn [s]en,
+    Encount{er}it hyme in myddis of the gre�.
+    The aucht batell{is} a[s][s]emblyt one this wi�;
+  [Sidenote: Great clamour and lamentable cries on either side.]
+    On ather half the clamore and the cryi�                       3264
+    Was lametable and petws for til her,
+    Of kny{ch}t{is} wich in diu{er}� placis [s]ere
+    Wondit war, and fallyng to and fro,
+    [Gh]hit galyot{is} folk war xx thou[s]and mo.                 3268
+
+  [Sidenote: The black knight bids himself remember love's power
+  over him;]
+    ++The blak kny{ch}t than on to hyme-[s]elf he [s]aid:
+    "Remembir the, how yhow haith ben araid,
+    Ay [s]en ye hour that yow was makid kny{ch}t,
+    W{i}t{h} love, a[gh]ane quhois powar & whois my{ch}t          3272
+    Yow haith no [s]trenth, yow may It not endur,
+    Nor [gh]hit non vthir erthly creatur;
+  [Sidenote: and that only his lady's mercy or his life's end can
+  amend him.]
+    And bot two thing{is} ar the to amend,
+    Thi ladice mercy, or thi lyvys end.                           3276
+    And well yhow wot that on to hir p{re}[s]ens,
+    Til hir e[s]tat, nor til hir excellens,                [Fol. 40b.]
+    Thi febilne� neu{er}more is able
+    For to attan, [s]che is [s]o honorable.                       3280
+    And [s]en no way yow may [s]o hie extend,
+
+[Headnote: THE BLACK KNIGHT'S DARING RESOLUTION.]
+
+  [Sidenote: He counsels himself to strive for her thanks,]
+    My verray con[s]ell is, that yow pretend
+    This day, ([s]en yow becu{m}myne art hir kny{ch}t
+    Of hir comand, and fechtit in hir [s]y{ch}t),                 3284
+    And well yow [s]chaw, [s]en yow may do no mor,
+    That of re[s]one [s]che [s]al the thank tharfore;
+  [Sidenote: and to be ashamed of every point of cowardice.]
+    Of euery poynt of cowardy yow [s]cham,
+    And in til armys purche� the [s]um nam."                      3288
+    W{i}t{h} that of love in to o new de[s]ir
+  [Sidenote: Swift as a crossbow-bolt he seeks the field.]
+    His [s]pere he [s]traucht, and [s]wift as any wyre
+    W{i}t{h} al his for� the n{er}e[s]t feld he [s]oght;
+    His ful [s]trenth in armys thar he vroght,                    3292
+    In to the feld ru[s]ching to and fro,
+    Doune goith the man, doune goith the hor� also;
+    Sum throw the [s]cheld is per[s]it to the hart,
+    Sum throw the hed, he may It not a[s]tart.                    3296
+  [Sidenote: His sword carves the head from some, and cuts the arms
+  of others in twain.]
+    His bludy [s]uerd he dreuch, that carwit [s]o
+    Fro [s]um the hed, and [s]um the arm in two;
+    Sum in the feld fellit is in [s]wo�,
+    Throw [s]um his [s]uerd goith to the [s]adill doune.          3300
+    His fois waren aba[s]it of his dedis,
+    His mortell [s]trok [s]o gretly for to dred Is;
+  [Sidenote: When his foes see him, they leave the place for dread
+  of death.]
+    Whar thai hyme [s]aw, w{i}t{h}in a lytall [s]pace,
+    For dreid of ded, thai levyng hyme the place,                 3304
+    That many o [s]trok ful oft he haith forlor�;
+    The [s]pedy hor� away the kny{ch}t hath bor�.
+    In to his wyrking neu{er}more he [s]e[s]t,
+    Nor non abaid he makith, nor are[s]t.                         3308
+  [Sidenote: His knightly deeds assure his fellows.]
+    His falowis, [s]o in his kny{ch}thed a[s][s]uryd,
+    Thai ar reco{m}fort, thar manhed is recou{er}yt,
+    And one thar fois ful fer[s]ly thai [s]oght,
+    Thar goith the lyf of many o kny{ch}t to no{ch}t.             3312
+    So was the batell wond{er}ful to tell,
+    Of kny{ch}t{is} to [s]e the multitud that fell,
+  [Sidenote: It was pitiful to see the knights gaping upon the green.]
+    That pety was til ony kny{ch}t to [s]e�
+    The kny{ch}t{is} lying gaping on the gren.                    3316
+    The blak kny{ch}t ay {con}tinewit [s]o fa[s]t,
+    Whill[T74] many one, di[s]cumfit at the la[s]t,
+    Are fled, and planly of the feld thei pas:             [Fol. 41a.]
+
+      [Footnote T74: MS. "Whilk."]
+
+[Headnote: GALIOT WONDERS WHY HIS MEN FLEE.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Galiot asks his men why they flee.]
+    And galyot haith wondyr, for he was                           3320
+    Of mor powar, and a[s]kit at them qwhy
+    As cowart{is} thai fled [s]a [s]chamfully?
+  [Sidenote: A knight replies, that whoever likes may go and see
+  marvels.]
+    Than [s]aith o kny{ch}t, [s]or wondit in the brayne,
+    "Who lykith, he may Retwrn a[gh]ayne                          3324
+    Frome qwhens we come, m{er}walis for to [s]ee,
+    That in his tyme neu{er} [s]ich [s]auch hee."
+  [Sidenote: Galiot asks, what marvels; and the knight tells him
+  there is a knight who vanquishes all;]
+    "Marwell," q{uod} he, "that dar I boldly [s]ay
+    Thay may be callit, and quhat thai ar, I pray?"               3328
+    "Schir, in the feld for[s]uth thar is o kny{ch}t,
+    That only throw his body and his my{ch}t
+    Wencu[s][s]ith all, that thar may non [s]u[s]ten
+    His [s]trokis, thai ar [s]o fureows and ken.                  3332
+  [Sidenote: who fares as a lion or a bear;]
+    He farith as o lyone or o beyre,
+    Wod in his rag, for [s]ich is his affere.
+  [Sidenote: to whom the red knight hears no comparison.]
+    Nor he the kny{ch}t in to the armys Red,
+    Wich at the first a[s][s]emble in this [s]ted                 3336
+    Wencu[s][s]ith all, and had the holl renown,
+    He may to this be no comp{ar}y[s]ou{n}e,
+    Fore neu{er} he [s]e[s]ith [s]en the day vas go�,
+    Bot eu{er}more {con}tinewit in to one."                       3340
+  [Sidenote: Galiot says he will go and see.]
+    Quod galiot, "in nome of god and we
+    Al, be tyme, the [s]uthfa[s]tne� [s]al see."
+
+[Headnote: GALIOT RALLIES HIS MEN.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Galiot is armed, rallies the flyers, and encourages
+  his men.]
+      [T]han he in armys that he had is gon,
+    And to the feld w{i}t{h} hyme a[gh]ane hath ton               3344
+    Al the flear{is}, and foundyne [in][T75] [s]ich aray
+    His folk, that ner di[s]cumfyt al war thay;
+    Bot quhen thai [s]aw cu{m}myne our the plan
+    Thar lord, thai tuk [s]ich hardeme{n}t a[gh]a�,               3348
+  [Sidenote: They shout their war-cries.]
+    That thar e[s][s]en[gh]eis lowd thai gon to cry.
+    He chargit tham to go, that ware hyme by,
+    Straucht to the feld, w{i}t{h} al thar holl for�;
+    And thai, the wich that [s]parit not the hor�,                3352
+    All redy war to fillyng his {com}mand,
+    And fre[s]chly went, w{i}t{h}owten more demand:
+    Throw qwich thar folk recou{er}yt haith thar place,
+  [Sidenote: All think a new host is coming.]
+    For al the feld p{re}[s]wmyt that thar was                    3356
+    O new o[s]t, one [s]uch o wy� thai [s]oght;
+  [Sidenote: Arthur's folk determine rather to die than fly.]
+    Whar arthuris folk had pa[s][s]ith al to no{ch}t,
+    Ne war that thai the bett{er} war ilko�e,
+    And at thai can them vtraly di[s]po�e                         3360
+    Rathar to dee than flee, in thar entent,               [Fol. 41b.]
+    And of the blak kny{ch}t haith [s]ich hardyment;
+    For at al p{er}ell, al harmys, and my[s]chef,
+    In tyme of ned he can tham al ralef.                          3364
+
+      [Footnote T75: The sense, but not the metre, requires "in."]
+
+      [T]har was the batell danger{us} & [s]trong,
+    Gret was the pres, bat{h} perell{us} & throng;
+  [Sidenote: The black knight is borne to the ground.]
+    The blak kny{ch}t is born on to the ground,
+    His hor� hyme falyth, that fellith dethis wound.              3368
+  [Sidenote: The six comrades go to the earth.]
+    The vi falowis, that falowit hyme al day,
+    Sich was the pre�, that to the erth go thay;
+    And thar in myd among his ennemys
+    He was about enclo[s]it one [s]ich wy�                        3372
+  [Sidenote: None know where he is.]
+    That quhare he was non of [his] falowis knew,
+    Nor my{ch}t no{ch}t cum to help hyme, nore re[s]kew.
+    And thus among his ennemys allon
+  [Sidenote: He defends himself with his sword.]
+    His nakid [s]uerd out of his hond haith ton;                  3376
+    And thar he p{re}wit his wertew & h{is} [s]trenth;
+    For thar was none w{i}t{h}in the [s]uerdis lenth
+    That came, bot he goith to confu[s]ioune.
+  [Sidenote: No helm nor habergeon may resist his sword.]
+    Thar was no helme, thar was no habirioune,                    3380
+    That may re[s]i[s]t his [s]uerd, he [s]mytith so;
+    One euery [s]yd he helpith to and fro,
+    That al about the compas thai my{ch}t ken;
+    The ded hor� lyith vir[s]lyng w{i}t{h} the men.               3384
+    Thai hyme a[s][s]al[gh]eing bot{h} w{i}t{h} [s]cheld & [s]pere,
+  [Sidenote: He fares like a bear at the stake, that snubs the
+  hardy hounds.]
+    And he a[gh]ane; as at the [s]tok the bere
+    Snybbith the hardy hound{is} that ar ken,
+    So farith he; for neu{er} my{ch}t be [s]en                    3388
+    His [s]uerd to re[s]t, that in the gret rout
+    He rowmyth all the compas hyme about.
+
+[Headnote: GALIOT WONDERS AT LANCELOT'S PROWESS.]
+
+      [A]nd galiot, beholding his manhed,
+  [Sidenote: Galiot wonders at his deeds;]
+    W{i}t{h}in his-[s]elf wond{er}ith of his ded,                 3392
+    How that the body only of o kny{ch}t
+    Haith [s]ich o [s]trenth, haith [s]ich affere & my{ch}t;
+    Than [s]aid he thus, "I wald not that throw me,
+  [Sidenote: and says that such a knight shall not die on his
+  account.]
+    Or for my cau�, that [s]uch o kny{ch}t [s]uld dee,            3396
+    To conquer all this world that is [s]o larg."
+    His hor� than can he w{i}t{h} his [s]puris charg,
+    A gret trun[s]ioune In to his hond hath ton,
+    And in the thike[s]t of the pre� is go�,                      3400
+  [Sidenote: He charges all his folk to cease;]
+    And al his folk chargit he to [s]e�.
+    At his {com}mand thai levyng al the pre�;
+    And quhen he had departit all the rout,                [Fol. 42a.]
+    He [s]aid, "[s]{ir} kny{ch}t, havith now no dout."            3404
+    Wich an[s]werit, "I have no cau� to dred."
+  [Sidenote: and assures the black knight that he will himself
+  warrant him from all harm.]
+    "[Gh]is," q{uod} he, "[s]a eu{er} god me [s]ped,
+    Bot apone fut quhill [gh]e ar fechtand here,
+    And yhow defendith apone [s]ich manere,                       3408
+    So hardely, and ek [s]o lyk o kny{ch}t,
+    I [s]al my-[s]elf w{i}t{h} al my holl my{ch}t
+    Be yhour defens, and varand fra al harmys;
+    Bot had yhe left of wor[s]chip In til armys,                  3412
+    What I have don I wold apone no wy�;
+    Bot [s]en yhe ar of kny{ch}thed [s]o to prys,
+    [Gh]he [s]al[T76] no man{er} cau� have for to dred:
+
+      [Footnote T76: MS. "[s]alt."]
+
+[Headnote: GALIOT GIVES LANCELOT HIS OWN HORSE.]
+
+  [Sidenote: He offers him as many horses as he needs; and proposes
+  that they shall never again part.]
+    And [s]et yhour hor� be falit at this ned,                    3416
+    Di[s]ple� yhow not, for-quhy [gh]e [s]al not want
+    Als many as yhow lykith for to hawnt;
+    And I my-[s]elf, I [s]al yhowr [s]qwyar bee,
+    And, if god will, neu{er} more [s]al wee                      3420
+  [Sidenote: He 'lights from his horse, and gives him to Lancelot,
+  who thanks him.]
+    Dep{ar}t;" w{i}t{h} that, anon he can to lycht
+    Doune frome his hor�, and gaf hyme to y^e kny{ch}t.
+    The lord he thonkit, and the hor� hath ton,
+    And als [s]o fre[s]ch one to the feld is gon,                 3424
+    As at no [s]trok{is} he that day had ben.
+    His falowis glad, one hor� that hath hy{m} [s]en,
+    To galiot one vthir hor� thai broght;
+    And he goith one, and frome the feld he [s]o{ch}t,            3428
+  [Sidenote: Galiot returns to his host, and chooses a band of
+  10,000 men.]
+    And to the plan quhar that his o[s]t{is} were;
+    And brandymagus chargit he to [s]tere
+    Eft{er} hyme, w{i}t{h}in a lytill [s]pace,
+    And x thou[s]and he takyne w{i}t{h} hy{m} ha�.                3432
+    Towart the feld onon he can to Rid,
+    And chargit them befor ye o[s]t to byd.
+  [Sidenote: The trumpets, clarions, horns, and bugles are sounded.]
+    Wp goith the trumpet{is}, and the claryownis,
+    Hornys, bugill{is} blawing furt{h} thar [s]ownis,             3436
+    That al the cuntre re[s]ownit hath about;
+  [Sidenote: Arthur's folk despair.]
+    Than arthuris folk var in di[s]par & dout,
+    That hard the noys, and [s]aw the m{u}ltitud
+    Of fre[s]ch folk; thai cam as thai war wod.                   3440
+
+[Headnote: LANCELOT HARANGUES ARTHUR'S HOST.]
+
+  [Sidenote: The sable knight, still fearless,]
+      [B]ot he that was w{i}t{h}owten any dred,
+    In [s]abill cled, and [s]aw the gret ned,
+    A[s][s]emblyt al his falowis, and arayd;
+  [Sidenote: harangues his men, saying,]
+    And thus to them in manly t{er}mes [s]aid:                    3444
+    "What that [gh]e ar I knaw not yhour e[s]tat,          [Fol. 42b.]
+  [Sidenote: "I know not who ye are, but I know that ye ought to
+  be commended.]
+    Bot of ma{n}hed and wor[s]chip, well I wat,
+    Out throuch this warld yhe aw to be {com}me{n}dit,
+    This day [gh]e have [s]o kny{ch}tly yhow defendit.            3448
+  [Sidenote: Ye see how your enemies, as night approaches, are
+  striving to give you an outrage or a fright.]
+    And now yhe [s]ee how that, a[gh]anis the ny{ch}t,
+    Yhour ennemys p{re}tendit w{i}t{h} thar myght
+    Of multitud, and w{i}t{h} thar new o[s]t,
+    And w{i}t{h} thar buglis and thar wynd{is} bo[s]t             3452
+    Fre[s]chly cu{m}myng In to [s]ich aray,
+    To ifyne yhow one owtrag[T77] or affray.
+    And now almo[s]t cu{m}myne Is the ny{ch}t,
+  [Sidenote: Employ then your courage, so that the honour ye have
+  won be not again lost.]
+    Quharfor yhour [s]trenth, yhour curag, & yhovr my{ch}t        3456
+    Yhe occupye in to [s]o manly wy�,
+    That the wor[s]chip of kny{ch}thed & empry�
+    That yhe have wonyng, and ye g{re}t renown
+    Be not ylo[s]t, be not ylaid doune.                           3460
+    For one hour the [s]ufferyng of di[s]tre�,
+    Gret harm It war yhe tyne the hie encre�
+    Of vor[s]chip, [s]{er}uit al this day before.
+    And to yhow al my con[s]ell is, tharfore,                     3464
+  [Sidenote: Resolve then to meet them sharply, without fear, so
+  that they may feel the cold spear in their hearts.]
+    W{i}t{h} manly curag, but radour, yhe p{re}tend
+    To met tham [s]charply at the [s]peris end,
+    So that thei feil the cold [s]peris poynt
+    Out-throw thar [s]cheld{is}, in thar hart{is} poynt.          3468
+    So [s]al thai fynd we ar no-thing affrayt;
+    Whar-throuch we [s]all the well le� be a[s][s]ayt.
+  [Sidenote: Perhaps then the foremost will make the rest afraid."]
+    If that we met them [s]charply in the berd,
+    The forme[s]t [s]al mak al the laif afferd."                  3472
+    And w{i}t{h} o woy� thai cry al, "[s]{ir} kny{ch}t,
+    Apone yhour manhed, and yhour gret my{ch}t,
+  [Sidenote: They promise to stand firm.]
+    We [s]al abid, for no man [s]hall e[s]chef
+    Frome yhow this day, his ma{n}hed for to pref."               3476
+  [Sidenote: Sir Yvan also bids his men be comforted; for that they
+  see all the strength of their enemies.]
+    And to his o[s]t the lord [s]{ir} yvane [s]aid,
+    "Yhe comfort yow, yhe be no-thing affrayd,
+    Ws ned no more to dreding of [s]uppri�;
+    We [s]e the [s]trenth of al our ennemys."                     3480
+    Thus he [s]aid, for he wend thai var no mo,
+  [Sidenote: Sir Gawane, however, knew better.]
+    Bot [s]{ir} gawan knew well It vas not [s]o;
+    For al the o[s]t{is} my{ch}t he [s]e al day,
+    And the gret ho[s]t he [s]aw quhar y{a}t it lay.              3484
+
+      [Footnote T77: MS. "owtray." See Glossary.]
+
+[Headnote: THE POEM ABRUPTLY ENDS.]
+
+  [Sidenote: Galiot also exhorts his men.]
+      [A]nd galiot he can his folk exort,
+    Be[s]eching them to be of good comfort,
+                            And [s]ich encont{er}
+
+[_The rest is wanting._]
+
+
+
+
+NOTES.
+
+
+[It may be observed, once for all, that the expression _in to_
+repeatedly occurs where we should simply use _in_; and _one to_ is in
+like manner put for _unto_. The ending _-ith_ (for _-ed_) is frequent in
+the past tense, and _-it_ (also for _-ed_) in the past participle,
+though this distinction is not always observed. A�still more noticeable
+ending is _-ing_ (for _-en_) in the infinitive. Observe further that the
+letters _v_, _u_, and _w_ are perfectly convertible, and used quite
+indiscriminately; so that _wpone_ means _upon_; _vthir_ means _uthir_,
+i.e., _other_: _our_ is put for _over_; _vounde_ signifies _wound_,
+etc.]
+
+Page 1, line 1. _The soft morow._ This nominative case has no verb.
+A�similar construction occurs in the first lines of Books II. and III.
+
+4. _Uprisith--his hot courss_, Upriseth in his hot course; _chare_,
+chariot.
+
+6. _sent_, sendeth; so also _stant_, standeth, l.�326.
+
+8. _valkyne_, waken.
+
+10. _gyrss_, grass.
+
+11. _assay_, assault.
+
+13. _wox_, voice.
+
+17. _frome I can_, from the time that I did.
+
+18. _It deuit me_, it availed me. Jamieson gives "_Dow_, 1. to be able;
+A.S. _dugan_ (_valere_), to be able. 2. to avail; Teut. _doogen_."
+
+P. 2, l. 23. _hewy [gh]erys_, heavy years.
+
+24. "Until that Phoebus had thrice gone through his full circuits" (lit.
+spheres). See the peculiar use of "pas" in other places.
+
+26. "So, by such a manner, was my lot fated;" see l.�41.
+
+28. _carving can_, did cut.
+
+30. _be the morow_, by the morn.
+
+36. _neulyngis_, newly, anew.
+
+43. _walkith_, walked.
+
+50. _I-clede_, y-clad, clad. Ch. has _clede_.
+
+54. "No one within thought he could be seen by any wight outside."
+
+P. 3, l. 56. _clos it_, enclose it; the MS. has _closit_.
+
+57. _alphest._ This reading of the MS. is an error for _alcest_. See
+Chaucer, Prologue to Legend of good women, l.�511:
+
+  "The gret{e} goodnesse of the quene Alceste,
+  That turned was into a dayesye,"
+
+Alceste being the contracted form of Alcestis.
+
+59. _Wnclosing gane_, did unclose.
+
+60. "The bright sun had illumined the spray, and had updrawn (upwarped)
+into the lusty air the night's soft (sober) and moist showers; and had
+made the morning soft, pleasant, and fair." With this difficult passage
+we should compare l.�2477.
+
+66. _Quhill_, until.
+
+67. _till ony vicht_, to any wight.
+
+69. _Bot gladness til the thochtful, euer mo_, etc., "But, as for
+gladness to the melancholy man, evermore the more he seeth of it, the
+more wo he hath."
+
+73. _represent_, represented (accented on the second syllable).
+
+74. _Al day gan be sor_, etc., "All the day, my spirit began to dwell in
+torment, through sorrow of thought;" _be sor_, by sorrow (A.S. sorh).
+
+77. _Ore slep, or how I wot_, "Or sleep, ere I knew how."
+
+83. _A-licht_, alighted.
+
+84. _levis in to were_, livest in doubt.
+
+P. 4, l. 91. _be morow_, by morrow; at early morn.
+
+99. _set_, although.
+
+103. _weil accordinge_, very fitting.
+
+105. _long ore he be sonde_, (It is) long ere he be sound.
+
+108. _seith, for to consel_, saith, that as for concealing or shewing,
+etc.
+
+109. _althir-best_, lit. best of all; see Chaucer's use of _alderfirst,
+alderlast_.
+
+P. 5, l. 127. _lat be thi nyss dispare_, let be thy nice (foolish)
+despair.
+
+128. _erith_, earth.
+
+134. _schall hyme hating_, shall hate him. The termination _-ing_ is
+here the sign of the infinitive mood after the verb _shall_.
+
+140. _Set_, although.
+
+146. _tak one hand and mak_, undertake and compose; _trety_, treatise;
+_vnkouth_, unknown, new.
+
+151. _belevis_, believe will please thy lady.
+
+160. _yis_, this.
+
+P. 6, l. 161. _troucht_, truth.
+
+163. _discharge_, release.
+
+170. _spir_, sphere.
+
+171. "At command of a wise (god from) whose vision," etc. We sometimes
+find in old English the adjective "a�wise" used absolutely for "a�wise
+man." See "Le Morte Arthur," ed. F.�J. Furnivall, l.�3318.
+
+175. _tynt_, lost.
+
+177. _be this worldis fame_. Here again, as in many other passages, "be"
+expresses with relation to, as regards.
+
+185. _yaim_, them.
+
+191. _demande_, demur.
+
+P. 7, l. 198. _Quhill_, until.
+
+200. _conten_, treat; lit. contain.
+
+202. Lancelot is here called the son of Ban, king of Albanak; so again
+in l.�1447.
+
+204. _redis_, read.
+
+214. "I�will not waste my efforts thereupon."
+
+219. _wnwyst_, unwist, unknown.
+
+225. _nome_, name.
+
+226. _Iwondit to the stak_, very deeply wounded; but there is no doubt
+about the origin of the phrase. See Glossary.
+
+228. _astart_, get rid of it, escape it.
+
+P. 8, l. 240. _dedenyt to aras_, deigned to pluck out.
+
+244. _hurtare_, hurter.
+
+245. _Iwond_, wounded.
+
+248. _ful wicht_, full nimble.
+
+251. _of quhome_, by whom.
+
+253. _send_, sent.
+
+257. _pasing vassolag_, surpassing prowess.
+
+260. "Passed down into the fell caves."
+
+264. _tane_, taken.
+
+266. _cwre_, care.
+
+P. 9, l. 267. _gart be maid_, caused to be made.
+
+271. _awoue_, vow.
+
+275. _in to that gret Revare_, in that great river.
+
+284. _o�gret confusione of pupil and knychtis_, al enarmyt, a�great
+medley of people and knights, all fully armed. Stevenson actually reads
+_unarmyt!_
+
+294. _I�wil report_; both here and in l.�320 we should almost expect to
+find "_I�nil report_;" i.e. I�will not tell. It must mean, "I�will tell
+you why I omit to mention these things." Compare lines 266, 320.
+
+297. _thing_, think.
+
+P. 10, l. 305. _veris_, wars.
+
+306. _be the wais_, by the ways.
+
+307. _Tuex_, betwixt; _accorde_, agreement.
+
+314. _mot_, must.
+
+316. _stek_, concluded.
+
+319. _most conpilour_, very great composer.
+
+320. "As to whose name I will only say, that it is unfit," etc.
+
+326. _stant_, standeth.
+
+328. _yroung_, rung.
+
+330. _beith_, shall be; observe the _future_ sense of _beith_ in this
+place.
+
+331. _suet_, sweet.
+
+332. "His soul in bliss preserved be on that account."
+
+334. _and this endit._ Whether _endit_ here refers to _inditing_ or
+_ending_ is perhaps doubtful.
+
+
+NOTES TO BOOK I.
+
+P. 11, l. 336. If by _aryeit_ is here meant the _sign_, not the
+_constellation_ of Aries, the day referred to is April 1 or�2, according
+to Chaucer's "Astrolabie."
+
+338. _bewis_, boughs.
+
+340. _makyne gone_, did make.
+
+341. _in ther chere_, after their fashion. (For _chere_, see Glossary.)
+
+345. _auerding to_, belonging to.
+
+351. _Anoit_, annoyed.
+
+352. _For why_, wherefore; so also _for-thi_, therefore.
+
+354. _can_, began.
+
+355. _sende_, sent.
+
+358. _heryng_, hear (infin. mood). In the next line it occurs as a
+present participle.
+
+362. _to pas hyme_, to go, depart.
+
+364. _meit_, to dream of; _aperans_, an appearance, apparition.
+
+P. 12, l. 365. _hore_, hair.
+
+375. _vombe_, womb; hence bowels.
+
+377. _stert_, started.
+
+384. _gert_, caused.
+
+390. _traist_, trust.
+
+397. _demande_, demur, delay.
+
+398. _at_, that.
+
+P. 13, l. 407. _whill_, until.
+
+408. _the_, they.
+
+410. _to viting_, to know.
+
+412. _shauyth al hall_, sheweth all whole.
+
+414. _chesith_, chooseth.
+
+422. _shire_, sir.
+
+424. _fore to awysing_, in order to take counsel.
+
+432. All this about _astronomy_ (i.e. astrology) should be compared with
+Gower; Conf. Amantis, lib. vii; ed. Pauli, vol. 3, pp.�133, 134.
+Arachell, Nembrote, Moises, Hermes are there mentioned as astrologers.
+
+433. The MS. has "set" (_not_ with a long _s_). Mr Stevenson has "fet,"
+which would seem right.
+
+P. 14, l. 435. _nembrot_, Nimrod; see _Genesis and Exodus_ (E.E.T.S.),
+l.�659.
+
+436. _herynes_, miswritten for _herymes_, i.e. Hermes.
+
+439. "The which they found were wondrously evil set."
+
+440. _his sweuen met_, dreamed his dream.
+
+443. _waryng in to were_, were in doubt.
+
+444. _danger_, power to punish; compare Shakspere's use of the word.
+
+457. _but delay_, without delay.
+
+459. _stondith heuy cherith_, stood heavy-cheered, was sad in his
+demeanour.
+
+465. _fundyng_, found.
+
+466. _depend to_, depend upon.
+
+P. 15, l. 475. _tone_, taken.
+
+478. _assey_, test.
+
+481. _record_, to tell out, speak.
+
+487. _preseruith It allan_, is preserved alone.
+
+499. _affy in-tyll_, rely upon.
+
+500. _failye_, fail.
+
+504. _there clergy_, their science.
+
+P. 16, l. 519. "Through the watery lion, who is also faithful, and
+through the leech and eke the water also, and through the counsel of the
+flower." It is very possible this passage is partly corrupt; l.�520
+should certainly be (as may be seen from lines 2010, 2056),
+
+  "And throuch the leich withouten medysyne."
+
+The meanings of lion, leech, and flower are fully explained, however, in
+lines 2013-2120.
+
+524. _weyne_, vain.
+
+527. _passid nat his thoght_, left not his thoughts.
+
+531. _rachis_, braches, dogs.
+
+533. _grewhundis_, grayhounds.
+
+536. This purely conjectural line is merely inserted to carry on the
+sense. It is imitated from line 3293. In the next line we should read
+"grewhundis," rather than "grewhund."
+
+538. _Befor ther hedis_, before their heads.
+
+P. 17, l. 545. "All armed, as was then the fashion."
+
+546. _salust_, saluted.
+
+548. _kend_, known.
+
+549. _leuyth_, liveth.
+
+552. The rime requires "land," as in l.�638.
+
+553. _yald hyme our_, yield him over.
+
+554. _if tribut_, give tribute.
+
+566. _recist_, resist; _mone bee_, must be.
+
+568. _be_, by.
+
+569. _day moneth day_, ere this day month; comp. l.�1162.
+
+P. 18, l. 577. _fairhed_, fair-hood, beauty.
+
+587. _magre myne entent_, in spite of my intention.
+
+591. _nome_, took.
+
+593. _Inquere at_, inquire of.
+
+596. _wes_, was.
+
+599. _rase_, rose.
+
+605. _accordith_, agree thereto.
+
+606. _recordith_, belongith.
+
+607. _visare_, wiser.
+
+P. 19, l. 621. _This spek I lest_, this I list to speak.
+
+622. _varnit_, warned.
+
+626. "Though the season of the year was contrary."
+
+627. _atte_, at the.
+
+629. _the ilk_, that (Scotch _thilk_).
+
+632. _Melyhalt_, the name both of a hill, and of the town built upon it.
+
+636. _affray_, terror.
+
+642. _wnconquest_, unconquered.
+
+643. _cwre_, care.
+
+P. 20, l. 649. _nemmyt_, named.
+
+652. _were_, war.
+
+654. _or than to morn_, earlier than to-morrow.
+
+660. _our few_, over few.
+
+677. _northest_, north-east.
+
+P. 21, l. 686. _fechteris_, fighters.
+
+688. _holde_, held.
+
+691. _presone_, prison.
+
+697. _peite_, pity.
+
+699. The metre of Lancelot's lament is that of Chaucer's "Cuckoo and
+Nightingale," and was very possibly copied from it. _Qwhat haue y gilt_,
+what crime have I committed.
+
+702. _ago_, gone.
+
+703. _nat_, naught; _me glaid_, gladden me.
+
+706. _til haue_, to have.
+
+709. _Sen thelke tyme_, since that time.
+
+P. 22, l. 718. _of remed_, for a remedy.
+
+719. _sesith_, ceaseth.
+
+723. _with this lady_, by this lady.
+
+728. _laisere_, leisure.
+
+731. _diuerss wais sere_, divers several ways.
+
+733. _bur_, bore.
+
+735. _cher_, car.
+
+740. _dout_, to fear.
+
+745. _but were_, without doubt. This expression often occurs.
+
+P. 23, l. 751. _few menye_, small company; an oddly sounding expression
+to modern ears.
+
+753. _cold_, called.
+
+754. _hot_, hight, was named.
+
+755. _but in his cumpany_, unless he had with him.
+
+757. _He saith_; the speaker is the captain of the hundred knights,
+called in l.�806 _Maleginis_.
+
+768. _als fell_, just as many.
+
+777. _hard_, heard.
+
+781. _clepit_, called.
+
+P. 24, l. 793, _as he wel couth_, as he well knew how.
+
+796. _sen_, seen.
+
+800. _sen_, since.
+
+806. _was hot_, was hight, was named.
+
+809. _In myde the borde and festinit in the stell_, In the midst they
+encounter, and fastened in the steel. See l.�850.
+
+812. _Rout_, company.
+
+815. _ferde_, fourth.
+
+817. _sauch thar latter batell steir_, saw their last division stir.
+
+P. 25, l. 820. _gane his mortall fell._ A word seems here omitted; if
+after _mortall_ we insert _strokis_, the sense will be, "His enemies
+began his mortall strokes to feel."
+
+825. _worth_, worthy. It would improve the metre to read _worthy_
+(l.�875).
+
+828. _In to were_, in war, in the strife.
+
+829. _hyme bure_, bore himself.
+
+839. _to-for_, heretofore.
+
+841. _Atour_, i.e. _at over_, across.
+
+842. _assall_, assault. The rime shews we should read _assaill_, as in
+l.�855.
+
+849. _socht atour_, made their way across. The use of _seke_ in Early
+English is curious.
+
+P. 26, l. 861. _setith his payn vpone_, devotes his endeavours to.
+
+868. _al to-kerwith_, wholly cutteth in pieces.
+
+880. _dirk_, dark.
+
+883. _tan and slan_, taken and slain.
+
+P. 27, l. 895. It frequently occurs in the MS. that a space is left at
+the beginning of a line, and the first letter of the line is omitted. It
+is evident that the intention was that the first letter should be
+illuminated, and that this, after all, was not done. Here, for instance,
+the T is omitted, as indicated by the square brackets. So also in
+l.�1083, etc.
+
+897. _pasing home_, go home.
+
+899. _was vent_, had gone.
+
+905. _dulay_, delay. So also _duclar_ for _declare_.
+
+907. _comyne_, came.
+
+908. _ill paid_, displeased.
+
+909. _homly_, humbly. Stevenson reads _hourly_, but this is wrong; see
+l.�914.
+
+911. _carful_, full of care, unhappy.
+
+912. _withouten were_, without doubt.
+
+914. _lawly_, lowly.
+
+918. _wight_, with (unusual, and perhaps wrong).
+
+P. 28, l. 924. _leife_, live.
+
+929. _eft_, after.
+
+933. _thar longith_, there belongeth.
+
+943. _I�was for til excuss_, I�had some excuse.
+
+944. "Because I did behove (to do it), out of very need."
+
+946. _lefe it but_, leave it without.
+
+953. _ma_, make.
+
+954. _ga_, go.
+
+955. _of new_, anew.
+
+958. _But if that deth or other lat certan_, "Except it be owing to
+death or other sure hindrance."
+
+P. 29, l. 960. _be hold_, be held. MS. _behold_. Stevenson suggested the
+alteration, which is certainly correct.
+
+961. _withthy_, on the condition that.
+
+965. _promyt_, promise; _als fast as_, as soon as.
+
+973. _ferd_, fourth.
+
+982. "Where we shall decide the end of this war."
+
+P. 30, l. 997. _cag_, cage, prison.
+
+999. _amen_, pleasant.
+
+1000. _vodis_, woods.
+
+1004. _lust_, pleasure (Ch.). But the line is obscure; unless we read
+"_diuersitee_."
+
+1009. "His spirit started (owing to the) love (which) anon hath caught
+him," etc.
+
+1012. _at_, that.
+
+1014. "(As to) whom they know not at all."
+
+1019. _sen at_, since that.
+
+1022. _the dewod_, devoid thee.
+
+1024. _and_, if.
+
+1026. _be ony mayne_, by any mean.
+
+P. 31, l. 1027. _y red_, I advise.
+
+1035. _To warnnyng_, to warn.
+
+1040. _our the furdis_, over the fords.
+
+1044. _oyer._ So in MS.; the _y_ representing the old _th_ (_�_); other.
+
+1046. _hufyng_, halting.
+
+1050. _worschip_, honour. "It were more expedient to maintain your
+honour."
+
+1058. _wonk_, winked.
+
+1062. _vare_, aware.
+
+P. 32, l. 1064. The meaning of "ferst-conquest" is "first-conquered"
+(_conquest_ being Old Fr. for conquered). It is explained in l.�1547 as
+having been a title given to the king whom Galiot first subdued.
+
+1067. _ferss_, fierce.
+
+1070. _suppos_, although.
+
+1073. _he_; viz. the shrew.
+
+1077. The MS. has "[s]ched."
+
+1080. _ymen_, I�mean.
+
+1095. _tais_, takes.
+
+P. 33, l. 1109. _Galyot_ put for _Galiotes_, the genitive case-ending
+being often omitted, after a proper name especially.
+
+1110. _prewit_, proved, tried.
+
+1129. _traist_, trust.
+
+1131. _that euery thing hath cure_, that (of) everything hath care.
+
+P. 34, l. 1135. "Aye from the time that the sun began to light the
+world's face, until he was gone."
+
+1137. _o�forss_, perforce.
+
+1141. _taiis_, takes.
+
+1142. _hecht_, promised.
+
+1151. _fail[gh]eis_, fail.
+
+1154. _fet_, fetched.
+
+1156. _stant_, standeth.
+
+1162. _resput_, respite.
+
+1166. _very knychtis passing_, weary knights go.
+
+P. 35, l. 1170. _till spere_, to inquire.
+
+1177. _ne wor his worschip_, had it not been for his valour.
+
+1187. _qwheyar_, whether. 1191-4. "And fond," etc. These four lines are
+now for the first time printed. They were omitted by Stevenson,
+evidently by accident.
+
+1196. _Per dee._ Fr. _par Dieu_: an oath common in old ballads,
+generally in the form _pardy_.
+
+1197. _vsyt_, used.
+
+1198. "I�advise that we go unto his arms" (armour).
+
+1203. _haill_, whole.
+
+P. 36, l. 1207. _abwsyt_, abused, i.e. made an ill use of.
+
+1208. _vsyt_, used.
+
+1209. _suppos the best that lewis_, even though (it were) the best that
+lives.
+
+1217. _on slep_, asleep. The prefix _a-_ in English is due to the Saxon
+_on_.
+
+1221. _al to-hurt_, etc. See note in Glossary on the word _To-kerwith_.
+
+1225. _sauch_, saw; _rewit_, rued, pitied.
+
+1233. _one syd a lyt_, a�little on one side.
+
+1236. _our mekill_, over much.
+
+P. 37, l. 1240. _yarof_, thereof.
+
+1241. _ruput_, repute, think.
+
+1242. _ablare_, abler, readier.
+
+1253. Insert a comma after _thret_, and destroy that after _lowe_. The
+meaning perhaps is, "But what if he be appealed to and threatened, and
+(meanwhile) his heart be elsewhere set to love." Observe that _and_ is
+often the third or fourth word in the sentence it should begin. See
+l.�2833.
+
+1258. _[gh]he tyne yowr low_, you lose your love.
+
+1260. _conclusit_, ended.
+
+1265. _mokil_, much.
+
+1268. _of new_, anew, again.
+
+1273. _pan_, pain.
+
+
+NOTES TO BOOK II.
+
+P. 38, l. 1279. _thocht_, anxiety.
+
+1284. _apperans_, i.e. vision, as in l.�364.
+
+1295. _aqwynt_, acquainted; Burns uses _acquent_.
+
+1297. _com_, coming.
+
+P. 39, l. 1316. "So far out of the way you go in your course." Compare
+l.�1797.
+
+1317. "Thy ship, that goeth upon the stormy surge, nigh of thy revels
+(i.e. because of thy revels) in the gulf it falls, where it is almost
+drowned in the peril."
+
+1321. "In the wretched dance of wickedness." See the curious uses of the
+word "daunce" in Chaucer.
+
+1323. _the son_, thee soon.
+
+1330. _powert_, poverty; _as the-selwyne wat_, as thyself knows.
+
+1334. _in to spousag_, in wedlock.
+
+P. 40, l. 1343. The word _diuerss_ is required to complete the line; cf.
+l.�731.
+
+1352. _suppriss_, oppression.
+
+1354. _wedwis_, widows.
+
+1367. _that ilke_, that same.
+
+1369. _sufferith_, makest to suffer.
+
+P. 41, l. 1379. Eccles. iv. 9, 10.
+
+1387. _yow mone_, thou must.
+
+1392. _her-efter leif_, hereafter live.
+
+1401. A�comma is scarcely needed after "_sapiens_." It means "The fear
+of the Lord is the beginning of wisdom." Prov. ix. 10.
+
+P. 42, l. 1409. _to ryng wnder his pess_, to reign under His peace, by
+His permission. Roquefort gives _pais_, licence, permission.
+
+1420. _arour_, error.
+
+1427. _leful_, lawful.
+
+P. 43, l. 1447. Ban, king of Albanak, was Lancelot's father. See l.�202,
+1450.
+
+1474. The MS. has "a[s][s]it."
+
+P. 44, l. 1491. _tak the bak apone themself_, turn their backs.
+
+1500. _yewyne_, given.
+
+1504. _till_, to; redundant.
+
+1506. _stand aw_, stand in awe. So also in l.�2684. The same expression
+occurs in _The Bruce_, iii. 62, ed. Pinkerton, p.�42, ed. Jamieson; and
+also in _Havelok_, l.�277, where the word _in_, supplied from
+conjecture, should be struck out.
+
+P. 45, l. 1537. _throw his peple_, by his people.
+
+1541. _Thus falith not_, etc., "Except wise conduct falleth to a king."
+
+1546. It may be right to retain the spelling of the MS.--"kinghe;" for,
+though strange and unusual, it occurs again in l.�2527.
+
+P. 46, l. 1556. _wende_, weened.
+
+1560. _in to his contrare_, against him.
+
+1568. _trewis_, truce.
+
+1575. _his powar_, his chief army.
+
+1576. _by the yhere_, by the ear, privately.
+
+1579. _cold_, called; as in l.�753.
+
+P. 47, l. 1597. _home fair_, go home.
+
+1608. _And_; redundant in modern English. For many of the precepts given
+by Amytans the author must have been indebted to Gower, or, at any rate,
+to the author of the _Secreta Secretorum_. See Gower; Conf. Amantis; ed.
+Pauli, lib. vii; vol. 3, pp.�152-159. And cf. Tyrwhitt's note to the
+Canterbury Tales, l.�16915; and Warton's Hist. Eng. Poetry.
+
+P. 48, l. 1628. _lest_, least; _low_, law. It requires care to
+distinguish the two meanings of _low_, viz. _love_ and _law_.
+
+1633. _Iug_, judge.
+
+P. 49, l. 1660. _sar_, sorely.
+
+1666. A line omitted. The inserted line is purely conjectural.
+
+P. 50, l. 1704. _pupelle_, people.
+
+1708. _Inwyus_, envious.
+
+1716. _longith_, belongeth.
+
+1717. _the lykith_, it likes thee, thou art pleased.
+
+P. 51, l. 1724. _betak til hyme_, confer upon him.
+
+1730. _essy_, easy.
+
+1736. _for the nonis_, for the occasion. See White's Ormulum.
+
+1739. _vn to the vorthi pur yow if_, unto the worthy poor thou give.
+
+1742. _set nocht of gret substans_, though not of great value.
+
+1754. _alowit_, approved of.
+
+P. 52, l. 1761. _tynith_, loseth.
+
+1763. _atonis_, at once.
+
+1771. _resawe_, receive.
+
+1773. _with two_, also.
+
+P. 53, l. 1791. _well less, al-out_, much less, altogether. The
+punctuation hereabouts in Stevenson's edition is very wild.
+
+1795. _wys_, vice; _the wrechitness_, thy miserliness.
+
+1797. _pass the courss_, go thy way.
+
+1808. _vrech_, wretch; but here used instead of _miser_.
+
+1812. _viss_, vice.
+
+1814. _ben y-knawith_, are known (to be) (?).
+
+1815. _dant_, daunt.
+
+1822. _the ton_, the one.
+
+P. 54, l. 1832. _beis var_, beware.
+
+1834. _colde_, cool.
+
+1852. _onys_, once.
+
+1855. _whar-throw_, through which, whereby.
+
+P. 55, l. 1864, _awn_, own. The metre requires the more usual form
+_awin_.
+
+1879. _dispol[gh]eith_, despoileth.
+
+1881. _For-quhi_, wherefore. In this line the MS. has "scrikth."
+
+P. 56, l. 1899. _most nedis_, must needs. _Ye_ = _the_; i.e. The one,
+He.
+
+1909. _Mot_, might.
+
+1917. _in_ should be _into_, as elsewhere.
+
+P. 57, l. 1940. _havith_, hath.
+
+1950. _hot_, hight, is called.
+
+P. 58, l. 1966. _wnepwnist_, unpunished.
+
+1990. _omend_, amend; _spill_, destroy.
+
+P. 59, l. 2011. _ayre_, are.
+
+2012. _duclar_, declare; so also _dulay_ for delay.
+
+2017. _the god werray_, the Very God.
+
+P. 60, l. 2036. _For-quhi_, wherefore.
+
+2040. _mad_, made.
+
+2041. _clergy_, science.
+
+2062. _be the mycht dewyne_, by the might divine.
+
+P. 61, l. 2069. _far_, fare.
+
+2079. _helyth frome the ground_, heals from the bottom; i.e.
+effectually.
+
+2100. _not sessith_, who ceaseth not.
+
+P. 62, l. 2107. _Ne war_, were it not for; _hartly_, hearty; it occurs
+again four lines below.
+
+2135. _yneuch_, enough. He means he will ask but one question more.
+
+P. 63, l. 2148. _To passing home_, to go home.
+
+2162. _the _xxiiij_ day_. The first _i_ in the MS. is like a "v" smudged
+over; we should read "xxiiij," as in l.�2155. The contraction is to be
+read _four and twentieth_, not _twenty-fourth_; so also in l.�610.
+
+P. 64, l. 2190. _hal dure_, hall door.
+
+2192. _o iorne most for to comend_, a�journey most to be commended.
+
+2194. _lowith_, love.
+
+P. 65, l. 2212. _the fewar eschef thay_, the less they achieve.
+
+2229. "For no adventure will prove so great, that ye shall not achieve
+it."
+
+2241. _whill_, until.
+
+P. 66, l. 2247. _galot_; so in MS.
+
+2265. _grant mercy_, great thanks; Fr. _grand merci_.
+
+2267. _quhy_, because.
+
+P. 67, l. 2279. _thithingis_, tidings; probably an error of the scribe
+for _tithingis_. Stevenson has _chichingis_!
+
+2284. _al-out_, altogether.
+
+2304. _oft syss_, oft-times. See Glossary (_Syss_).
+
+2306. _dante_, dainty.
+
+2310. _tithandis_, tidings; compare l.�2279.
+
+P. 68, l. 2323. _aw_, owe.
+
+2328. _fantessy_, fancy, notion.
+
+2334. _for no why_, for no reason.
+
+2337. _mon I fair_, must I go.
+
+2338. _our son It waire_, over soon it were.
+
+2342. _For-quhy_, because.
+
+P. 69, l. 2352. _nor_ has the force of _but_.
+
+2366. _be ony men_, by any means.
+
+2368. _on of tho_, one of them.
+
+2375. _chen of low_, chain of love.
+
+2376. _and if [gh]he may deren_, an if you may declare.
+
+P. 70, l. 2409. _hartly raquer_, heartily require.
+
+2416. _gar ordan_, cause to be provided.
+
+P. 71, l. 2428. _prewaly disspone_, privily dispose.
+
+2436. _ellis-quhat_; I�suppose this means, "he was on fire _elsewhere_."
+
+2448. _hamlynes_, homeliness.
+
+2452. _fest throw al the [gh]her eliche_, feast through all the year
+alike.
+
+P. 72, l. 2469. _commend_, commended.
+
+2470. _he drywith_, he driveth, pursueth. The reading is not _drawith_,
+as in Stevenson.
+
+
+NOTES TO BOOK III.
+
+P. 73, l. 2471. This line is too long, and the sense imperfect; but
+there is no doubt about the reading of the MS.
+
+2474. _Awodith_, expels.
+
+2475. _doune valis_, falls down; for it is evident that _valis_ is an
+error for _falis_, the mistake having arisen from confusion with the
+succeeding line.
+
+2480. _cled_, clad.
+
+2487. _bygown_, begun. In the next line Stevenson has _sown_; but the
+true reading is _Rown_, run; as in l.�2820.
+
+2492. _barnag_, baronage, nobility.
+
+P. 74, l. 2522. _but dulay_, without delay; _the_, they.
+
+2524. _thar com_, their coming.
+
+2530. _in the dogre_, in its (due) degree.
+
+P. 75, l. 2545. _Or that_, ere that.
+
+2552. _he and hate_, high and hot.
+
+2558. _the can_, they began.
+
+P. 76, l. 2574. _hyme mak_, prepare himself; or perhaps simply, make
+(for the field), go.
+
+2582. _helmys last_; _last_ clearly means _laced_; see l.�2250.
+
+2594. _[Gh]hit_, although.
+
+2599. _dout_, fear.
+
+2600. _is assemblit_, made an attack. The peculiar use of _assemble_
+must always be borne in mind.
+
+2601. _erd_, earth.
+
+P. 77, l. 2612. _found till gwyans_, go to Gwyans.
+
+2614. _til esquyris thei sewyt_, after Esquyris they followed.
+
+2619. _one to the melle socht_, made their way to the m�l�e.
+
+2627. _don bore_, borne down.
+
+2630. Fifty thousand. It would appear that Galiot had 40,000, of whom
+10,000 were held _in reserve_; so that in l.�2632 only 30,000 are
+mentioned. See l.�2569, 2647.
+
+P. 78, l. 2646. _ten_, sorrow, vexation.
+
+2656. _resauf_, receive.
+
+2663. _at thar come_, at their coming; _led_, put down.
+
+2670. _biding one the bent_, abide on the grassy plain.
+
+P. 79, l. 2679. "That, despite their efforts, they must needs retire."
+
+2684. _stud aw_, stood in awe; see note to l.�1506. 2693, 4. These lines
+do not rime. But we should certainly read _felde_, _erde_ having slipped
+in from confusion with l.�2691. The knight of Galloway goes _to the
+field_, i.e. joins battle.
+
+P. 80, l. 2712. _On ayar half_, on either side. The MS. omits _to_.
+
+2713. _of_, off.
+
+2714. _noiss_, nose.
+
+2731. _Bot nocht forthi_, But not on that account.
+
+P. 81, l. 2754. _harmys_, loss.
+
+2761. _aucht to ses_, ought to cease.
+
+2765. _at_, that.
+
+2768. _my lef_, my leave, permission.
+
+2770. _in to cage_, in prison.
+
+P. 82, l. 2802. _commandit_, commended.
+
+P. 83, l. 2819. _one athir half_, on either side.
+
+2820. _rown_, run.
+
+2821. _howyns_; an ungrammatical form; perhaps _howyng_ is meant.
+
+2827. _one hycht_, on height; i.e. aloud.
+
+2829. _sterith_, stirreth.
+
+2833. "The lady of Melyhalt made (her way) to him, and immediately
+caused his couch to be placed before a window." Mr Stevenson reads,
+
+  "Of Melyhalt the lady to hyme maid
+  Incontinent his couche, and gart he[N1] had," etc.
+
+i.e. "The lady immediately made his bed for him," etc.
+
+2841. _wencust_, vanquished. After this word we should perhaps insert
+"at," as in l.�3336.
+
+    [Footnote N1: But the MS. has "be;" also "melyhat" instead of
+    "Melyhalt."]
+
+P. 84, ll. 2877-2880. These lines were printed by me for the first time,
+four lines having been here again omitted by Mr Stevenson.
+
+2880. _but weyne_, without doubt.
+
+2884. _to led and stere_, to lead and direct.
+
+P. 85, l. 2893. _Endlong_, along.
+
+2894. _weryne_, were.
+
+2913. _let_, hinder.
+
+P. 86, l. 2925. _dulay_, delay; as in several other places.
+
+2938. _fek_, effect.
+
+2944. _[gh]ude_, went.
+
+2947. _fair_, welfare.
+
+P. 87, l. 2964. _Whill_, until.
+
+2970. _ho_, stop, pause.
+
+2971. _veryng In affray_, were in terror.
+
+2972. _rovm_, room.
+
+2978. _socht_, made his way.
+
+2984. _disponit_, intends; but we must insert "not," to complete the
+sense and the metre.
+
+P. 88, l. 2998. _eschevit_ (used passively), is achieved.
+
+3003. _o�knycht_, a�single knight.
+
+3005. _tais_, takes.
+
+3006. _fays_, foes.
+
+3013. _onys or the nycht_, once ere the night.
+
+3015. _that [gh]he have gilt to mend_, to amend that in which ye have
+trespassed.
+
+P. 89, l. 3052. _Do at I may_, Do that which I can.
+
+P. 90, l. 3065. This line is printed by Mr Stevenson,
+
+  "Curag can [ � ] encresing in[N2] his hart";
+
+but it is not clear that a word is wanting, for the metre is as complete
+as in many other lines; whilst, as regards the sense, "the knycht" is
+probably a nominative without a verb, and l.�3065 means, "Courage did
+increase in his heart." Or the reader may, if he pleases, insert "fele."
+Compare l.�3058.
+
+3066. _lap_, leaped.
+
+3079. Observe the omission of the word "neither" in this line.
+
+3080. _persit_, pierced.
+
+3086. _onan_, anon. A.S. _on-�n_.
+
+    [Footnote N2: MS. has "to."]
+
+P. 91, l. 3093. _In samyne will_, with like intent.
+
+3100. _bet axampil_, better example.
+
+3104. _bot_, unless; _me fall_, befall me.
+
+3108. _one vthir_, another.
+
+3120. _send_, sent.
+
+3121. _lewit one_, left one.
+
+3122. _but mercy_, without mercy.
+
+P. 92, l. 3134. _deliuer besynes_, clever readiness.
+
+3136. _aray_, livery.
+
+3140. _Ee_, eye.
+
+3146. _the morow new_, the early morning.
+
+3160. _deith_, dead.
+
+3162. _Suppos_, although.
+
+P. 93, l. 3178. _Nor_; we now use _but_.
+
+3184. _ward_; see Glossary. _tho_, then.
+
+P. 94, l. 3200. _relewit_, relieved.
+
+3201. _diuerss placis sere_; as _sere_ = _diuerss_, one of these words
+is redundant. So in l.�3266.
+
+3207. _ewil awysit_, ill advised.
+
+3217. "And if it so happen, that they be discomfited."
+
+P. 95, l. 3240. _leuch_, laughed; _sarues_, service.
+
+3246. _al haill_, all whole.
+
+3248. _x�thousand mo_, ten thousand, and more.
+
+3259. _abaid_, delay.
+
+3263. _aucht_, eight.
+
+3265. _petws for til her_, piteous to hear.
+
+P. 96, l. 3297. _dreuch_, drew.
+
+3299. _fellit_, fallen.
+
+3304. _levyng_, leave.
+
+P. 97, l. 3307. _sest_, ceased.
+
+3321. _askit at_, asked of.
+
+3331. _Wencussith_, vanquisheth.
+
+3340. _in to one_, continually; which is sometimes the sense of A.S.
+_on-�n_.
+
+P. 98, l. 3353. _to fillyng_, to fulfil.
+
+3357. _soght_, came on; see Glossary.
+
+3359. _Ne war_, etc., "Had it not been that they were, individually, the
+better men."
+
+3364. _ralef_, relieve.
+
+3368. _fellith_, feeleth.
+
+P. 99, l. 3384. _virslyng_, wrestling, _i.e._ entangled with; a�strong
+expression!
+
+3385. _assal[gh]eing_, assail.
+
+3390. _rowmyth_, roometh, emptieth.
+
+3403. _departit_, parted.
+
+3404. _dout_, fear.
+
+P. 100, l. 3412. _left_, failed.
+
+3423. _The lord_, i.e. Galiot, as I suppose; Mr Stevenson has, "The
+Lord."
+
+3430. _stere_, to stir, move, come.
+
+P. 101, l. 3450. _pretendit_, endeavour.
+
+3457. _occupye_, employ.
+
+3461. _For one hour_, etc., "On account of suffering distress for one
+hour."
+
+3470. _the well less_, much less; see l.�1791.
+
+3471. _berd_, beard.
+
+3473. _o�woyss_, one voice.
+
+3475. _eschef frome yhow_, not, _win_ from you; but, _withdraw_ himself
+from you. See Glossary.
+
+P. 102, l. 3481. _wend thai var no mo_, thought they were no more.
+
+3487. _And sich enconter_, and such encounter. These three words are
+written at the bottom of the page as a catchword. The rest of the MS. is
+wanting.
+
+
+
+
+GLOSSARIAL INDEX.
+
+
+[As many of the words occurring in "Lancelot" are well explained either
+in Jamieson's Scottish Dictionary or in Roquefort's "Glossaire de la
+langue Romane," I�have frequently referred to these works by means of
+the letters J. and�R. Other abbreviations, as O.N. for Old Norse; Goth.
+for Moeso-Gothic; Su.-G. for Suio-Gothic, etc., will be readily
+understood. Ch. has also been used as an abbreviation for Chaucer. The
+various French, Danish, German, and other words referred to in the
+Glossary are merely added by way of illustration, to indicate in what
+direction a word may be most easily traced up. To ensure accuracy as far
+as possible, I�have verified every foreign word by the aid of
+dictionaries, referring for Gothic words to my own Glossary, edited for
+the Philological Society; for Suio-Gothic words, to Ihre's Glossarium;
+for Icelandic words, to Egilsson; and for Old French words, to Roquefort
+and Burguy. Whatever errors occur below may thus, I�hope, be readily
+traced.]
+
+
+  { Abaid, Abyde, } delay, tarrying, 1882, 2147, 3069, 3308.
+    A.S. _ab�dan_, J.
+  { Abasit, Abasyt, Abaysit, } abashed, humbled, dispirited,
+      cast down, 378, 1452, 2664.
+    Abasit of, dispirited by, 3301.
+    R. _abaiser_.
+  Abasit of (used passively), were dispirited by, 2243.
+  Abraid, awoke, 1231;
+    (Ch.) A.S. _on-bredan_.
+  Abwsyt (abused), made an ill use of, 1207.
+  Access, a fever; or better, a fit of the ague; Lat. _accessus
+      febris_, (Wright's Glossary), 31.
+  Accorde, to agree with, 1526.
+    Fr. _s'accorder_.
+  Accordith, is suitable for, becomes, 1679, 1951;
+      agree therewith, 605;
+      is useful for, is fit for, 1204.
+  According for, suitable for, 1512.
+    R. _accordant_.
+  Adred, terrified, 378, 2664.
+    A.S. _on-dr[��]dan_, to dread.
+  Affek, effect, 382.
+    Cf. _Fek_.
+  Afferd, afraid, 3472.
+    A.S. _afered_, _af[��]ran_.
+  Affere, warlike preparation, 985;
+      aspect, bearing, 3043, 3334, 3394.
+    See J., who makes it of Teutonic origin; but it may be no more than
+      the O.Fr. _afeire, afaire_ = state, condition; as explained by
+      Burguy.
+  Afferith, belongs to, suits, 1550.
+  Afferis, is suitable, 1690, 1961.
+    R. _aferer_.
+  Affrait, terrified, from the verb _Affray_ (Ch.), 2462, 3469.
+    R. _effraer_.
+  Affray, terror, fright, 636, 3454.
+    Fr. _effroi_.
+  Affy in till, trust to, rely upon, 499, 1394.
+    R. _affier_.
+  Afyre, on fire, 30, 251;
+      hence, used allegorically, in love, 2436.
+  { Agrewit, Aggrewit, } aggrieved, vexed, 1308, 1538;
+      angry, enraged, 2618.
+    R. _agrever_.
+  Ago, gone, 159.
+    A.S. _of-g�n_.
+  Aire, are, 1732.
+  Algait, Algat, always, 1996, 1792.
+    Gothic _gatw�_, a street, way.
+  Al magre thine, in spite of thee, 115.
+    An expression compounded of A.S. _al_, wholly; _maugre_ (Fr. _mal
+    gr�_), ill-will, and _thine_ (A.S. _th�n_, the gen. case of _th�_,
+    thou).
+  Al-out, altogether, 1676, 1791, etc.
+  Alowit, approved, 1754.
+    Fr. _allouer_.
+  Als, (1) as; (2) also.
+  { Amen, Ameyne, } pleasant, 64, 999.
+    Lat. _amoenus_.
+  Anarmyt, fully armed, 545, 620, 2219, 2771.
+    See _Enarmyt_.
+  And, if, 1024, 1591;
+      and if (= an if), if, 2376.
+  Anerly, only, 1476, 1696.
+    A.S. _[��]n-l�c_.
+  { Anoit, Anoyt, } annoyed, vexed, 351, 2244.
+  Anoyt, annoyeth, 1407.
+  Anterous, (for Aunterous, the shortened form of Aventurous),
+      adventurous, 2618.
+    Fr. _aventure_.
+  Aparalit, apparelled, 338.
+  Aperans, an appearance, a vision, 364.
+    _So also_ Apperans, 1284.
+  Apone, upon, 765, etc.
+  Appetit, desire, 2722.
+    Ch. has _appetite_ as a verb, to desire.
+  Aqwynt, acquainted, 1295.
+    Burns uses _acquent_.
+  Aras, to pluck out, 240.
+    Fr. _arracher_.
+  Araid, disordered, afflicted, 3270.
+    See _Araye_ in Halliwell. The examples there given shew that to
+      _araye_ sometimes actually signifies to _disorder_.
+  Arest, stop, delay, 678, 3072, 3308.
+    Fr. _arr�t_.
+  Arly, early, 4, 384, 975.
+    A.S. _�rl�ce_.
+  Artil[gh]ery, implements of warfare, 2538.
+    See R. _artillerie_. Compare 1 Samuel, xx. 40.
+  Assay, (1) assault, trial, 11, 35, 112, 712;
+      attack, 537, 2662.
+    As a verb, to assault, attack, assail, 570, 1044.
+    Fr. _assaillir_.
+    (2) to essay, attempt, 2936;
+      to test, 478, 982.
+    Fr. _essaier_.
+  { Assaid, Assayt, } assaulted, 1224, 2641.
+  Assall, assault, attack, 842.
+    We should perhaps read "assaill," as in l. 855.
+  Assal[gh]eing, assail (_3 pers. plural_), 3385.
+  Assemblay, an assembling of knights for a combat, a tournament, 267.
+  Assemble, a hostile meeting, combat, battle, 978, 3336.
+    See J.
+  Assemblyng, encountering, 2588.
+  Assemblyng on, attacking, 2956.
+  Assey, to test, 478.
+    _See_ Assay.
+  Astart, to start away from; hence to escape from, avoid, 228, 3296.
+    Ch. has _asterte_.
+  At, that, 1019, etc.
+    Compare Dan. _at_; O.N. _at_.
+  Atour, at over, i.e. across, 841, 849, 873;
+      in excess, in addition, besides, 1775.
+  Ather, either, 2629, 2819, 3264.
+    A.S. _[��]gther_.
+  Atte, at the, 627, 1055.
+  Aucht, eight, 3263.
+    Compare Ger. _acht_.
+  Auentur, adventure, 601.
+  Auer, ever, 273, etc.
+  Auerding to, belonging to (?), 345.
+    The sense seems to point to the A.S. _and-weardian_, to be present,
+    Goth. _and-wairths_, present.
+  Aventur, Auentoure, adventure, 80, 222.
+  Aw, owe, deserve; the present tense of the verb of which _ought_
+      is the past tense; 3447.
+    A.S. _�h_, _�hte_.
+  Awalk, awake, 1049.
+    Goth. _wakan_. The form _awalk_ occurs in Dunbar,
+      "_Awalk_, luvaris, out of your slomering."
+        (The Thistle and the Rose.)
+  Awant, boast, 2136.
+      As a verb, 1588;
+      and as a reflective verb, 2196, 2386.
+    Fr. _se vanter_. Ch. has _avante_.
+  Awin, own, 89.
+    A.S. _�gen_.
+  Awodith, maketh to depart, 2474.
+    See _Avoid_ in Nares' Glossary, edited by Halliwell and Wright.
+  { Awow, Awoue, } vow, 234, 242, 246.
+    Ch. has _avowe_.
+  Awys, consideration, advisement, 558.
+  Awy� the, advise thee, consider, 1913.
+  { Awy�, Awy[s]ing, } to consider, 424, 429.
+    Fr. _s'aviser_.
+  Awysment, advisement, consideration, 360, 680.
+  Ay, ever, continually, 1135, 1486.
+    A.S. _�_.
+  Ayar (_written instead of_ Athar), either, 2712.
+  Ayre, are, 2011.
+  { Ayanis, 744, A[gh]anis, 1164, 2283, } against.
+    A.S. _ongean_.
+  A[gh]ane, A[gh]eine, again, 3253, 380.
+
+  Bachleris, bachelors; a name given to novices in arms or arts, 1689.
+    See _bacheler_ in R.
+  Banaris, banners, 770.
+  { Bartes, 2897. Bartiis, 3041. } _See_ Bertes.
+  Barnag, baronage, nobility, 2492.
+    See _barniez_ in R.
+  Batell, a battalion, division of an army, 784, 808, etc.
+  Be, by.
+    A.S. _be_.
+  Behest, promise, 2766.
+    A.S. _beh�s_.
+  Behufis, behoves, 579.
+    A.S. _beh�fan_, often used impersonally.
+  { Behu�, Behw�, } it behoves, it is necessary (to do), 944, 2342;
+    apparently contracted from _behufis_.
+  Beleif, _in phr._ ore belief = beyond belief, 112.
+  Bent, a grassy plain (properly a coarse grass; in German, _binse_),
+      2670. J.
+  Bertes, a parapet, a tower, 1007, 1118, 2815.
+    R. _bretesche_, from Low Latin _brestachia_.
+  Betak til, to confer upon, 1724.
+    A.S. _be-t[��]can_, in the sense, to assign.
+  Betakyne, betoken, 2014.
+    A.S. _be-t[��]can_, in the sense, to shew.
+  Bewis, boughs, 338.
+    A.S. _boh_.
+  Billis, letters, 142.
+    Fr. _billet_.
+  Blindis, blindness (?), 1903.
+  Borde, to meet in a hostile manner, encounter, 809.
+    We find in R. _border_, to joust, fight with lances.
+    Compare Fr. _aborder_, and Spenser's use of _bord_. See _horde_
+      in Burguy.
+  Bot, (1) but; (2) without. In general, _without_ is expressed by
+      _but_, and the conjunction by _bot_; but this distinction is
+      occasionally violated.
+  Bown, ready, prepared, 1036.
+    O.N. _b�inn_, past part. of _b�a_, to prepare. Su.-G. _boa_,
+      to prepare. J.
+  Bretis, fortifications, forts, 874; "properly wooden towers or
+      castles: _Bretachi�_, castella lignea, quibus castra et oppida
+      muniebantur, Gallis _Bretesque_. Du Cange." Jamieson.
+    See _Bertes_.
+  Bukis, books, 434, 1862.
+  Burdis, boards, i.e. tables, 2198.
+    A.S. _b�rd_, which means--1. a plank; 2. a table, etc.
+  Bur, bore, 733, 778.
+  But, without; common in the phrase _but were_, without doubt.
+  But if, unless, except, 958.
+  { Byhecht, Byhicht, } promised, 1485, 2791.
+    A.S. _be-h[��]tan_.
+  Byknow, notorious for, known to be guilty of, 1627.
+    Compare "I _know_ nothing _by_ myself" (1 Cor. iv. 4). Compare
+    also Dan. _bekiende_, to make known.
+  By, near at hand, 1535, 2916.
+
+  { Cag, Cage, } cage, prison, 997, 2770.
+  Can, an auxiliary verb, used nearly as we now use _did_.
+  Careldis, plural of Careld, a merry-making, revel (?), 1318.
+    "_Caraude_, r�jouissance;" and "_Caroler_, danser, se divertir,
+      mener une vie joyeuse." Roquefort.
+  Catifis, wretches, 2102.
+    R. _caitif, captif_. Compare Ital. _cattivo_.
+  Chalmer, chamber, 2281, 2308, 2427, 2808. J.
+  { Chare, Cher, } chariot, 4, 735.
+    R. _cher_.
+  Charge, load, 693.
+    Fr. _charge_; see _discharge_ in the line following (694),
+    meaning to shake off a load.
+  Chargit, gave attention to, 710, 2454.
+    Fr. _se charger de_.
+  Chen, chain, 2375.
+  Cher, car, chariot, 735. See _Chare_.
+  Chere, cheer, demeanour, 83, 341, 695;
+      sad demeanour, outward grief, 2718.
+    Fr. _ch�re_; compare Ital. _ciera_, the face, look.
+      "_Wepinge_ was hyr most� _chere_."
+        (Le Morte Arthur, l. 726.)
+  Che�, choose, 1611, 1636, 2368.
+    A.S. _ce�san_; Ger. _kiesen_; Dutch _kiezen_.
+  Clariouns, clarions, 771, 789.
+  Clepe, to call, 90, 99.
+    A.S. _clepan_.
+  Clepit, callest, 93;
+      called, 781.
+  Clepith, is called, 1919.
+  Clergy, science, knowledge, 504, 511, 2041.
+    R. _clergie_.
+  Closine, closed, concluded, 316.
+  Closith, enclosed, shut up, 427.
+  Cold, called, 753, 1579.
+  Commandit, commended, 2802.
+  Comprochit, approached, 2472, 2509.
+  Conpilour, compiler, poet, 319.
+  Conquest, conquered, 574;
+    Fyrst-conquest, first conquered, 1545, etc.
+  Conseruyt, preserved, 332.
+  Conten (used as a reflective verb), to demean oneself valorously,
+      to maintain one's ground, 823, 1107, 1130.
+    See R. "_contenement_, contenance, conduite, maintien, posture."
+  Contenit hyme, behaved himself, 3219;
+    Contenit them, 2634.
+  Contenyt, endured, 3190.
+  Contretioun, contrition, 1415, 1426.
+  Contynans, demeanour, 1693, 1747.
+  Counter, encounter, attack, charge, 3239.
+  Couth, could, 793.
+    A.S. _cunnan_; past tense, _ic c��e_.
+  Cowardy, cowardice, 1023, 3287.
+  Cownterit, encountered, 2609, 2621. J.
+  Crownel, coronal, corolla of a flower, 59. J.
+  { Cummyne, Comyne, } came, 807, 907.
+  { Cumyne, 650, 1136, Cumyng, 447, Cummyng, 2498, } come (past part.).
+  Cunyng, knowledge, 1455.
+  { Cusynace, 1270, Cusynece, 2802, Cusynes, 2287, Cwsynes, 1185, }
+      kinswoman.
+  Cwre, care, 98, 266, 643.
+    Lat. _cura_. (N.B. Though _Cwre_ = _cura_, yet _cura_ should be
+      distinguished from A.S. _cearu_.)
+
+  Danger, power to punish; "the power of a feudal lord over his
+      vassals," (Wright), 444.
+    Also, power to injure, 3006.
+    See R. _dangier_.
+  Dans, (dance), in the phrase "wrechit dans," evil mode of life, 1321.
+    See Chaucer's use of _daunce_; and compare--
+      "I sai [gh]ow lely how thai lye
+      Dongen doun alle in a _daunce_."
+    Lawrence Minot; quoted in Specimens of Early English, by
+    R. Morris; p. 194.
+  { Dede, 90, Ded, 3304, } death.
+      Dan. _d�d_. A.S. _de��_. O.N. _dau�i_.
+  Deden, deign, 949. J.
+  Dedenyt, deigned, 240.
+  Deid, died, 215.
+  Deith, dead (past part.), 3160.
+  Delitable, delightful, 1738.
+    R. _delitable_.
+  Deliuer, nimble, clever, 3134.
+  Deliuerly, (cleverly), nimbly, lightly, 3089, 3131.
+    R. _delivre_.
+  Demande, demur, 191, 397, 3052, 3354.
+    See R. "_demander_, contremander, changer, revoquer l'ordre donn�."
+  Depart, to part, 3421.
+    R. _departir_.
+  Departit, parted, 3403.
+  Depaynt, painted, 46, 1703.
+    Fr. _d�peint_. Ch. _depeint_.
+  Depend me, waste or consume (my powers), 214;
+    possibly miswritten for _despend_.
+    Cf. _Dispendit_.
+    Depend to, to concern, appertain to, 466.
+  Deren, to speak out, tell, 2376.
+    R. _derainier_.
+  Dereyne, a plea, 2313;
+    "haith o dereyne ydoo," hath appealed to trial by combat.
+    R. _derainier_.
+  Des, da�s, high table, 2762.
+    R. _deis_; Lat. _discus_.
+  Deuit, availed, 18. See note.
+  { Devith, Dewith, } deafen, 92, 94.
+    "Su.-G. _deofwa_; Icel. _deyfa_," J.
+    Compare Dan. _d�ve_. Burns has _deave_.
+  Dewod the, devoid thyself, 1022.
+  Deuoydit was = departed, 1031.
+    Compare _Awodith_.
+  Dewy�, to tell, narrate, 373.
+  Discharg, to put aside one's liability, 163, 1665.
+  Dise�, lack of ease, misery, 707.
+  Disiont (Disioint?), disjointed, out of joint; hence uncertain,
+      hazardous, 2907.
+    "Disjoint, A difficult situation." Halliwell.
+  Dispendit, spent, 1808.
+    R. _despendre_.
+  Dispens, expenditure, 1746.
+    Fr. _d�pense_.
+  Dispol[gh]eith, despoileth, 1879.
+  Dispone, to dispose, provide; or, as a reflective verb, to be
+      disposed to do, to intend, 54, 446, 980, 1590, 2428, 2462.
+  Disponit, declines (?); but much more probably, intends; and we
+      must read "disponit not," 2984.
+  Dout, fear, 2599, 3404, 3438;
+    (as a verb), to fear, 740, 1827.
+    Ch. _doute_. R. _doubtance_.
+  Drent, drowned, 1319.
+    A.S. _drencan_.
+  Dre� (as a reflective verb), to direct oneself, proceed, go, 1975,
+      2288, 2486.
+    Lat. _dirigere_.
+  Drywith, drives; "he drywith to the end," i.e. concludes, 2470.
+  Duclar, declare, 3022.
+  Dulay, delay, 681, 788, 2925.
+
+  Effere, shew, pomp, 2360.
+    Compare _Affere_.
+  Efter, after, 217.
+    A.S. _efter_.
+  Eld, old age, 3225, 3242.
+    A.S. _yldo_. Gothic _alds_.
+  Elyk, Eliche, alike, 182, 2452.
+  Eme, uncle, 2572.
+    A.S. _e�m_.
+  Empit, emptied, empty, 180.
+    A.S. _�mtian_.
+  Emple�, to please, 2455. J.
+  Empri�, worth, honour, 129, 269, 3458;
+    _cf._ Romans of Partenay, l. 2013.
+    Anxiety, oppression, 393.
+    R. _emprindre_.
+  Enarmyt, fully armed, 285, 751, 2499. J.
+  Endit, indited, 138;
+      indite, 206;
+      inditing, poem (?), 334.
+    If the meaning were, "this ends," the form "endis" would be
+      required; besides which, the rime shews that the _i_ is long;
+      cf. ll. 138, 206.
+  Endlong, along, 2893.
+    A.S. _andlang_; Ger. _entlang_.
+  Entent, intention, will, meaning, thoughts, 448, 1451, 1499, 2938.
+    R. _entente_. Used by Chaucer.
+  Entermet, to intermeddle with, to have do with, 2914.
+    R. _entremetre_.
+  Enweronyt, environed, 53.
+  Erde, earth, 1072, 1540, 2601.
+    Compare Ger. _erde_.
+  Erdly, earthly, 498.
+  Erith, earth, 128.
+    A.S. _eor�_.
+  Eschef (1. eschew), to shun, withdraw himself, 3475.
+    R. _eschever_;
+    (2. achieve), to accomplish, 2212, 2513.
+    R. _eschavir_.
+    Eschef deith, to die, 2732.
+  Escheuit, achieved, 258.
+  Eschevit, is achieved, 2998.
+  { E�, 174, Ee�, 706, } ease.
+  Essen[gh]eis (ensigns), warcries, 3349, J.
+    See also R. _enseigne_.
+  Euerilkon, every one, 1039, etc.
+  Exasy, extasy, 76. (Possibly miswritten.)
+  Exortith, beseecheth, 3026.
+  Extend, attain, 3281.
+
+  Fail[gh]eis, fail, (3 pers. plu. indicative), 1151.
+  Fairhed (fairhood), beauty, 577.
+    In A.S. _f�gernes_, but in Dan. _f�rhed_.
+  Fall, to happen, befall, 493, 2139.
+    A.S. _feallan_; Dan. _falde_.
+  Fallyng, fallen, 1217, 1322.
+  Falowschip, used as we now use company, 1105, 2687, etc.
+  Fal[gh]eing, failing, 1499.
+  Fal[gh]et, Fal[gh]heit, failed, 1460, 1469, 1498, 1503.
+  Farhed, beauty, 2440.
+    See _Fairhed_.
+  Fayndit (feigned), dissembled, 2397.
+  Fays, foes, 3006.
+    A.S. _f�h_.
+  Fechtand, fighting, 2691, 3127, 3407.
+    Ger. _fechten_.
+  Fechteris, fighters, 686.
+  Feill, knowledge, skill, 2854. J.
+    A.S. _f�lian_.
+  Fek (effect), sum, amount, result, drift, 2938.
+    Fr. _effet_.
+  Fell, to feel, 820, 2131.
+  Fellith, feeleth, 3368.
+  Fell, many; als fell, as many, 768.
+    A.S. _f�ala_; Gothic _filu_.
+  Fell, horrible, 260.
+    A.S. _fell_, cruel, fierce.
+  Ferde, fourth, 815, 973, 2285.
+    Compare Dan. _fierde_.
+  Ferleit, wondered, 3117.
+    A.S. _f[��]r-l�c_, sudden, fearful. Burns has _ferlie_.
+  Fet, fetched, 433, 1154.
+    A.S. _feccan_, past tense, _ic feahte_.
+  Fongith, catcheth, seizeth, 1922.
+    A.S. _fangan_; Goth. _fahan_.
+  Forfare, to fare amiss, to perish, 1348.
+    A.S. _for-faran_.
+  Forlorn, lost, 3305.
+    A.S. _forloren_; cf. Goth. _fra-liusan_.
+  For-quhy; see _For-why_.
+  { For-thi, For-thy, } (there-fore), on that account, 332, 2261, 2731.
+    A.S. _forth�_; where _th�_ (Gothic _th�_) is the instrumental case
+      of _se_, that.
+  For-wrocht (for-wrought), over-worked, wearied out, 888.
+    A.S. _forwyrcan_.
+  { For-why, 798, 925, 2209, For-quhy, 2171, 2342, 2290, } for the
+      reason that, because that.
+  Found, to advance, go, 2612. J.
+    A.S. _fundian_, to try to find, go forward.
+  Franchis, generosity, 230.
+    R. _franchise_.
+  Fremmytne�, strangeness, alienation, 1508.
+    A.S. _fremdnes_.
+  Froit, enjoyment, 1644;
+      fruit, 2088, 2109.
+    R. _fruit_.
+  Frome, from the time that, 17, 1432.
+    Goth. _frums_, a beginning.
+  Fruschit, broken, dashed in pieces, 1201.
+    R. _frois_, broken; from the verb _froier_.
+  { Fundyne, 497, Fundyng, 465, } found (past part.).
+  Fyne, faithful, true, 519.
+    See R. "_fine_, fid�le;" and "_fine_, foi."
+  Fyne, end, 1388, 2081.
+    Fr. _fin_.
+
+  Ganith, is suitable for, 991.
+    Icel. _gegna_. J. Compare Dan. _gavne_.
+  Ganyth, it; it profits; _used impersonally_, 121.
+    R. _gaagner_.
+  Gare, to cause, 910, 2416.
+    Dan. _gi�re_; Icel. _g�ra_.
+  Gart, caused, 267, 2777.
+  Gentille�, 917, 1847.
+    See _Gentrice_.
+  { Gentrice, 130, 2757, Gentri�, 2790. } courtesy, nobleness.
+    R. _gentilesse_.
+  Gere, gear, equipment, armour, 2777.
+    A.S. _gearwa_.
+  Gert, 384.
+    See _Gart_.
+  Giffis, give thou, (lit. give _ye_, the plural being used in
+      addressing the king), 463.
+    A.S. _gifan_.
+  Gifyne, given, 1752.
+  Gilt, offended, done wrong, 699, 3015.
+    A.S. _gyltan_.
+  Grewhundis, greyhounds, 533, 537.
+    "O.N. _grey_, _grey-hundr_, a bitch." Wedgwood.
+  Gowerne the, conduct thyself, 1598.
+  Grawis, groves, 2481.
+    Ch. _greves_.
+  Gyr�, grass, 10.
+    A.S. _g�rs_.
+  Gy�, guise, fashion, custom, 545.
+    Ch. _gise_.
+
+  Haade, had, 2150.
+  Habariowne, habergeon, 2889.
+    From _haubergeon_, the French form of Ger. _halsberge_.
+    See _Hawbrek_.
+  Habirioune, habergeon, 3380.
+  Haill, whole, 3246.
+    A.S. _h�l_.
+  Haknay, an ambling horse for a lady, 1730.
+    R. _hacquen�e_.
+  Half; _in the phrase_ on arthuris _half_, i.e. on Arthur's _side_,
+      883.
+    Compare use of Germ. _halb_.
+  Halk, a hawk, 1736, 2482.
+    A.S. _hafoc_.
+  { Hall, Hoil, Holl, Hail, } various spellings of Haill, whole.
+  Hals, neck, 1054.
+    A.S. _hals_. Goth. _hals_.
+  Hant, to exercise, practise, 2191.
+    Fr. _hanter_, lit. to frequent.
+  { Hardement, 801, 2669, Hardyment, 900, 3362, } hardihood, boldness.
+    R. _hardement_.
+  Harrold, herald, 1047.
+  Hate, hot, 2552.
+  Havith, hath, 1940;
+      have, 3404.
+  { Hawbrek, 1070, 1200, Hawbryk, 3112, } hauberk, neck-defence;
+    Ger. _hals-berge_, armour for the neck.
+  Hawnt, to use, 3418.
+    See _Hant_.
+  Hawntis, exercise, 2772.
+  He, high, 1969, 2552.
+    A.S. _h�h_.
+  Hecht, hight, is called, 2140;
+      was called, 2290.
+  Hecht, to promise, 3101;
+      promised (_past part._), 1142.
+    A.S. _h�tan_.
+  Hedis, heads, 538, 869.
+  { Hewy, 442, Heuy, 459, } heavy.
+    A.S. _hefig_.
+  { Hie, 550, Hye, 297, } high.
+    See _He_.
+  Hienes, highness, 126.
+  Ho, pause, stop, cessation, 2970.
+    According to J. radically the same with the verb _Houe_, or
+      _How_ (see _Houit_). The Dutch, however, use _hou_, hold! from
+      _houden_, to hold.
+  Holl, whole, 106, 745.
+  Hore, hair, 365.
+      "Hol[gh]e were his y[gh]en and vnder campe hores."
+    (Early English Alliterative Poems; _ed._ Morris. See Poem B.
+      l. 1695.) The meaning of the line quoted is, "Hollow were his
+      eyes, and under bent hairs."
+  Hot, hight, was called, 754, 806;
+      is called, 1950.
+    A.S. _h�tan_ (neuter).
+  Houit, delayed, tarried, halted, 996.
+    "W. _hofian, hofio_, to fluctuate, hover, suspend," Morris.
+  Hovith, stays, halts, 2829.
+  Howit, halted, 2814, 2842.
+  Howyns, halts, tarries, 2821.
+    Probably miswritten for "howyng."
+  Hufyng, halting, delaying, 1046.
+  Hundyre, a hundred, 756, 1554.
+
+  I, in, 332.
+    Dan. _i_; Icel. _�_.
+  Iclosit, y-closed; i.e. enclosed, shut in, 53.
+  If, to give, 554.
+    In lines 1718-1910 the word occurs repeatedly in several forms;
+      as _iffis_, _iffith_, giveth; _iffis_, give ye (put for give
+      thou); _ifyne_, given, etc.
+  Ifyne, to give, 3454.
+  Iftis, gifts, 1741.
+    In the line preceding we have _giftis_.
+  Ilk; the ilk (= thilk) that, 629, 1601.
+    Literally, the ilk = the same.
+    A.S. _ylc_. See 1367.
+  Ilk, each, 2211, etc.
+    A.S. _�lc_.
+  Illumynare, luminary, 3.
+  { Incontinent, Incontynent, } immediately, 253, 1215, 2647, 2834.
+    Still used in French.
+  In-to-contynent (= Incontinent), 3020.
+  In to, used for "in;" _passim_.
+  Iornaye, journey, 680.
+  Irk, to become slothful, grow weary, tire, 2709.
+    A.S. _eargian_.
+  Iuperty, combat, 2547.
+    Fr. _jeu parti_, a thing left undecided;
+    hence the meanings, 1. strife, conflict; 2. jeopardy, as in Ch.
+      See J.; and Tyrwhitt's note to C. T. 16211.
+  { Iwond, 245, Iwondit, 226, } wounded.
+    We find in A.S. both _w�nd_ and _w�nded_.
+  I-wy�, certainly, of a surety, 1709, 1925, 1938.
+    A.S. _gew�s_; Ger. _gewiss_. Often _wrongly_ interpreted to mean,
+      _I know_.
+    See _Wit_.
+
+  Kend, known, 548, 906.
+
+  Laif, the remainder (lit. what is _left_), 1802, 3472.
+    A.S. _l�f_. Burns has "the _lave_."
+  Lametable, lamentable, 3265.
+    The omission of the _n_ occurs again in l. 2718, where we have
+      _lemytable_.
+  Larges, liberality, 608, 1681, 1750.
+    Fr. _largesse_.
+  Larg, prodigal, profuse, 2434.
+  Lat, impediment, 958.
+    A.S. _l[��]tan_, means (1) to suffer, (2) to hinder.
+  Lat, to let, permit (used as an auxiliary verb), 803.
+  Latith, preventeth, 1927.
+  Lawrare, a laurel, 82.
+    Ch. _laurer_.
+  Learis, liars, 493.
+  Led, put down, beat down, depressed, overpowered, 2663.
+    It is the past tense of A.S. _lecgan_, to lay, to cause to submit,
+      to kill.
+  Lef, to live, 564, 3230.
+  Leful, lawful, 1427.
+  Legis, lieges, subjects, 1957.
+    R. _lige_; Lat. _ligatus_.
+  Leich, leech, physician, 106.
+    A.S. _l[��]ce_; Dan. _l�ge_.
+    See 520, 2056.
+  Leif, to live, 952, 1392.
+    A.S. _lybban_; Goth. _liban_.
+  Leir, to learn, 1993.
+    Comp. D. _leeren_.
+  Lest, to list, to please, 555, 621.
+    A.S. _lystan_.
+  Lest, to last out against, sustain, 811.
+    A.S. _l[��]stan_.
+  Lest, least, 1628.
+  Let, hindrance, 2495.
+  Leuch, laughed, 3240.
+    A.S. _hlihan_, past tense _ic hloh_.
+  Lewis, liveth, 1209.
+  Lewith, left, deserted, 1854.
+  Liging, 376.
+    The sense requires _lay_, i.e. the _3rd p. s. pt. t. indic._,
+      but properly the word is the present participle, _lying_.
+  Longith, belongeth, 738, 1921, 2429, 2778.
+    Compare Dan. _lange_, to reach.
+  Longith, belonged, 3242.
+  Longyne, belonging, 433.
+  Lorn, lost, 2092;
+      destroyed, 2740.
+    See _For-lorn_.
+  Lo�, praise, 1777.
+    Lat. _laus_. Ch. has _losed_, praised.
+  { Low, Lowe, } (1) law, 1602, 1628, 1636, etc.
+    (2) love, 29, 1620.
+    It is sometimes hard to say which is meant.
+    Compare Dan. _lov_, law; A.S. _luf_, love.
+  Luges, tents, 874, 881, 2500, 2680.
+    Fr. _loge_, _logis_; Ger. _laube_, a bower, from _laub_, foliage;
+      Gothic _la�f_, a leaf.
+  Lugyne, a lodging, tent, 891.
+  Lyt, a little, 1233.
+    At lyte, in little, used as an expletive, 143.
+
+  Ma, short form of Make, 953.
+  Maad, made, 697.
+  Magre of, in spite of, 500, 960, 2679, 2702, 2711.
+    Sometimes "magre" is found without "of."
+    Fr. _mal gr�_.
+  { Matalent, Matelent, } displeasure, anger, 2169, 2660.
+    In both cases Mr Stevenson wrongly has _maltalent_. R. _maltalent,
+      mautalent_.
+  Mayne, 1026.
+    See _Men_.
+  Medyre, mediator (?), 1624.
+    I am not at all sure of this word, but we find in R. many strange
+      forms of "mediator," such as _m�ener, m�eisneres_, etc. In the
+      Supplement to the "Dictionnaire de l'Academie" we find
+      _mediaire_, qui occupe le milieu, from Low Lat. _mediarius_.
+    N.B. In the MS. the "d" is indistinct.
+    See _mediare_ in Ducange.
+  Meit, to dream, 363.
+    A.S. _m�tan_.
+  Mekill, much, 876, 1236.
+    Mokil, 1265.
+  Melle, contest, battle, 2619.
+    Fr. _mel�e_, J.
+  Memoratyve, mindful, bearing in remembrance, 1430.
+    Fr. _m�moratif_.
+  Men, mean, way; "be ony men" = by any means, 2366;
+      so, too, "be ony mayne," 1026.
+    Fr. _moyen_.
+  Men, to tell, declare, 510.
+    A.S. _m�nan_.
+  Menye, a company, multitude (without special reference to number);
+      whence "a few menye," a small company, 751.
+    Apparently from A.S. _menigu_; Ger. _menge_; but it may have
+      nothing to do with the modern word _many_, and is more probably
+      from the O.F. _maisn�e_, a household.
+  Met, dreamt, 440.
+    See _Meit_.
+  Meyne, 41.
+    See _Men_.
+  Misgyit, misguided, 1663.
+    R. _guier_.
+  Mo, more, 3187, etc.
+    A.S. _m�_.
+  Mon, man, 96.
+  Moneth, month, 569.
+    A.S. _m�n��_; Goth. _menoth_.
+  Morow, morning, 1, 30, 64, 341.
+    Goth. _ma�rgins_.
+  Mot, must, 195.
+    A.S. _ic m�t_.
+  Mys, a fault, 1888, 1937, 3230.
+    A.S. _mis_. Do o my�, to commit a fault, 1926.
+  Mysour, measure, 1830.
+  Myster, need, 1877, 2322.
+    Ch. _mistere_; R. _mester_; Lat. _ministerium_. Cf. Ital.
+      _mestiere_.
+
+  Nat, naught, 703.
+    Shortened from A.S. _n� wuht_, i.e. _no whit_.
+  Nece, nephew, 2200, 2245, 2720.
+    R. _niez_.
+  Nedlyngis, of necessity, 2337, J.
+    A.S. _ne�dinga_.
+  Nemmyt, considered, estimated, 649, 2852.
+    A.S. _nemnan_, to name, call.
+  Ner, near, 441.
+  Neulyngis, newly, again, 36, J.
+    A.S. _n�we-l�ce_ (?).
+  Newis, for Nevis, nieves, fists, 1222.
+    Icel. _hnefi_. Dan. _n�ve_. Burns has _nieve_; Shakspeare _neif_.
+  Noght, not, 1182.
+  Noi�, nose, 2714.
+    R. _n�is_.
+  Nome, name, 226, 320, 1546, 3341.
+    Fr. _nomme_.
+  Nome, took, 591, 1048.
+    A.S. _niman_, past tense, _ic n�m_.
+  Northest, north-east, 677.
+  Not (shortened from Ne wot), know not, 522, 3144.
+    A.S. _n�t_, from _nitan_ = _ne witan_.
+  Not, naught, 720.
+    See _Nat_.
+  Noyith, annoyeth, 904.
+    Fr. _nuire_. Lat. _nocere_.
+  Noyt, annoyed, offended, 471.
+  { Nys, Nyce, } (nice), foolish, 127, 1946.
+    Fr. _niais_.
+
+  O, a, an, _passim_; one, a single, 2998, 3003, 3393, etc.
+  Obeisand, obedient, 641.
+  Obe�, obey, 2134.
+  Oblist, obliged, 969.
+  Occupye, to use, employ, 3457;
+      to dwell, 75.
+    Lat. _occupare_.
+  Of, with, 66.
+  Oft-sy�, oft-times, 2304, 2594, 2789, 2885, 2929.
+    See _Sy�_.
+  On, and, 519.
+    Possibly a mistake.
+  One, on, often used for In; One to = unto.
+  { Onan, Onone, Onon, } anon, 158, 1466, 2602, etc.
+    The form "onan," l. 3086, suggests the derivation of _anon_; viz.
+      from A.S. _on-�n_, in one; hence, forthwith, immediately.
+  Onys, once, at some time or other, 3013;
+      at onys, at once, 3187.
+  { Opin, 1286, Opine, 13, } open.
+  Or, ere, before, 77, 1887, 2545.
+    A.S. _[��]r_.
+  Ordand, to set in array, 784;
+      to prepare, procure, 1713.
+    R. _ordener_; Lat. _ordinare_.
+  Ordan, to provide, 2416, 2777.
+  Ordynat, ordained, 490.
+    See l. 507.
+  Orest (= Arest), to arrest, stop, 3186.
+  Orient, east, 5.
+  Oucht, it; it is the duty of (= Lat. _debet_), 2995.
+    Strictly, we should here have had "it owes" (_debet_), not "it
+      ought" (_debuit_).
+    See _Aw_.
+  Ourfret, over-adorned, decked out, 71, 2480.
+    A.S. _fr�twian_, to trim, adorn.
+  Out-throng (= Lat. _expressit_), expressed, uttered, 65.
+    A.S. _�t_, out, and _�ringan_, to press.
+  Owtrag, outrage, 3454.
+    R. _outrage_; Ital. _oltraggio_, from Lat. _ultra_.
+    The MS. has _outray_, probably owing to confusion with _affray_
+      in the same line.
+    We find "owtrag" in l. 2578.
+  Oy�, to use, 1701, J.
+
+  Paid, pleased; ill paid, displeased, 908.
+    Low Lat. _pagare_, to pay, satisfy.
+  Pal[gh]onis, pavilions, tents, 734;
+    _plural of_
+  Pal[gh]oune, a pavilion, a tent, 1305.
+    R. gives _pavillon_, a tent; cf. Low Lat. _papilio_, a tent.
+  Pan, pain, 1273.
+  Pas hyme, to pace, go, 362.
+  Pa�, to go, 1213.
+  Pasing, pacing, departing, 371;
+      surpassing, 303, 346, 689, etc.
+  Pens, to think of, 1431.
+    Fr. _penser_.
+  Planly, at once, 3319.
+    J. gives "Playn, out of hand, like Fr. _de plain_." In the same
+      line "of" = off.
+  Plant, plaint, complaint, 137.
+    Fr. _plainte_.
+  Plesance, Plesans, pleasure, 941, 1939.
+  Plessith, pleases, 68.
+  Possede, to possess, 578.
+    Fr. _posseder_.
+  Poware, a power, a strong band of men, 2647. We now say _force_.
+  Powert, poverty, 1330, 1744.
+  Pref, to prove, 2229, 3476.
+  Prekand, pricking, spurring, 3089.
+    See the very first l. of Spenser's _Faerie Queene_.
+  Prekyne, 2890, showy(?), gaudy(?).
+    J. gives "Preek, to be spruce; to crest; as 'A bit _preekin_
+      bodie,' one attached to dress; _to prick_, to dress oneself."
+    Compare D. _prijcken_.
+  Pretend, to attempt, aspire to, 3282, 3465.
+    Fr. _pr�tendre_. So, too, in lines 559, 583.
+  Pretendit, endeavour, attempt, 3442.
+  Process, narration, 316.
+    Wright gives "Proces, a story or relation, a process." The writer
+      is referring to his prologue or introduction.
+  Promyt, to promise, 965.
+  Proponit, proposed, 361, 445.
+  Pupil, people, 285.
+  Puple, people, 1367, 1498, 1520.
+  { Pur, 1648, Pure, 1697, Pwre, 1655, } poor.
+
+
+  Quh-. Words beginning thus begin in modern English with Wh. Thus,
+      Quhen = when, etc.
+  Quhilk (whilk), which, 184.
+    A.S. _hwylc_ = Lat. _qualis_ rather than _qui_.
+  Quhill, while, _used as a noun_, 1229, 1293.
+    A.S. _hw�l_, a period of time.
+  Quhill, until, 24, 198.
+    See _Whill_.
+  Quhy; the quhy = the why, the reason, 123, 1497.
+  Qwhelis, wheels, 736.
+    A.S. _hweol_.
+  Qwheyar, whether, 1187.
+  { Quhois, Qwhois, } whose, 171, 1297.
+
+  Rachis, hounds, 531.
+    Su-G. _racka_, a bitch, which from the v. _racka_, to race,
+      course. Perhaps connected with _brach_.
+  Radur, fear, 1489, J.
+    From Su-G. _r�dd_, fearful; Dan. _r�d_.
+  { Raddour, 2133, Radour, 1835, 3465, } fear.
+  Raid, rode, 3070, 3260, etc.
+  Ralef, relieve, 3364.
+  Ramed, remedy, 117.
+    See _Remed_.
+  Randoune, in, 2542.
+    The corresponding line (l. 739) suggests that _in Randoune_ =
+      _al about_, i.e. in a circuit. But if we translate it by "in
+      haste," or "in great force," we keep nearer to the true
+      etymology. In Ogilvie's Imperial Dictionary, _s.v._ Random,
+      we find the Nor. Fr. _randonn�e_ explained to mean the "sweeping
+      circuit made by a wounded and frightened animal;" but the true
+      meaning of _randonn�e_ is certainly _force, impetuosity_; see
+      R., Cotgrave, etc. In Danish, _rand_ is a surrounding edge or
+      margin; while in Dutch we find _rondom_ round about.
+  Raquer, require, 2409.
+  Ra�, race, swift course, 3088.
+    A.S. _r[��]s_. Compare Eng. _mill-race_, and D. _ras_.
+  Recidens, delay, 2359.
+    R. _residier_, to defer.
+  Recist, resist, 566, 660, 2578.
+  Recounterit, met (in a hostile manner), encountered, 2958.
+    Fr. _rencontrer_.
+  Record, witness, testimony; hence value, 388.
+    R. _record_.
+  Recorde, to speak of, mention;
+    hard recorde, heard say, 121, 595.
+  Recorde, speak out, 454, 481.
+    See R. _recorder_.
+  Recordith, is suitable, belongs, 606.
+  Recourse, to return, 1798.
+    Lat. _recurrere_.
+  Red, to advise, 1027, 1198.
+    A.S. _r[��]dan_; Goth. _r�dan_.
+  Relewit (relieved), lifted up again, rescued, 2617.
+    Fr. _relever_. J.
+  { Remede, 89, Remed, 718, } remedy.
+  Remuf, remove, 655.
+  Report, to narrate, 266;
+      to explain, 294;
+      to state, 320.
+  Reprefe, reproof, defeat, 764.
+  Reput, he reputed, i.e. thought, considered, 743.
+  Resauit, received, 2796.
+  Resawit, received, kept, 2106.
+    We should have expected to find "reseruit."
+  Resonite, resounded, 66.
+  Resydens, delay, 670.
+    See _Recidens_.
+  { Revare, 275, Rewar, 2893, Rewere, 2812, } river.
+  Reweyll, proud, haughty, 2853.
+    R. _revel�_, fier, hautain, orgueilleux. Compare Lat. _rebellare_.
+  Richwysne�, righteousness, 1406.
+    A.S. _rihtw�snes_.
+  { Rigne, 94, 1527, Ring, 1468, Ringe, 1325, } a kingdom.
+    Fr. _r�gne_. Ch. _regne_.
+  Rignis, kingdoms, 1858.
+  Rignis, Rignith, reigneth, 1825, 782.
+  Ringne, a kingdom, 1952.
+  Rout, a company, a band, 812, 2956, 3403.
+    Rowt, 2600.
+  Rowmyth, roometh, i.e. makes void, empties, 3390.
+    A.S. _r�mian_.
+  Rown, run; _past part._ 2488, 2820.
+  Rwn, run, 2545.
+  Rygnis, kingdoms, 1904.
+  Ryne, to run, 113. See 2952.
+  Ryng, to reign, 1409, 2130.
+
+  Sa, so, 3322, 3406.
+    Dan. _saa_.
+  Saade, said, 698.
+  Salust, saluted, 546, 919, 1553, 2749.
+    Ch. _salewe_.
+  Salosing, salutation, 1309.
+  Sar, sorely, 1660.
+  Sauch, saw, 817, 1219, 1225.
+    A.S. _ic se�h_, from _se�n_.
+  Schawin, shewn, 2387.
+  Schent, disgraced, ruined, 1880.
+    A.S. _scendan_; Dan. _ski�nde_.
+  Schrewit, accursed, 1945.
+  Scilla, the name of a bird, also called Ciris, 2483.
+    ----"plumis in avem mutata vocatur
+    Ciris, et a tonso est hoc nomen adepta capillo."
+      --(Ovid, Met. viii. 150.)
+  Screwis, shrews, ill-natured persons, 1053.
+    More often used of males than females in old authors.
+  Sedulis, letters, 142.
+    R. _cedule_.
+  Sege, a seat, 2258.
+    Fr. _si�ge_.
+  Semble, a warlike assembly, hostile gathering, 988, 2206.
+  Semblit, assembled, 845.
+    G. _sammeln_; from Goth. _sama_, _samana_.
+  Semblyng, encountering, 2951.
+    See _Assemble_.
+  Sen, since, 709, 800, etc.
+      Sen at, since that. In Piers Plowman we find _syn_.
+  Septure, sceptre, 666.
+  Sere, several, various, 594, 731, 746.
+    "Su-G. _s�r_, adv. denoting separation." J. Cf. Lat. _se-_.
+  Sess, to cease, 14, etc.
+    Fr. _cesser_.
+  Set, although.
+  Sew, to follow up, seek, 2326.
+    R. _suir_; Fr. _suivre_.
+  Sew, to follow up, go, proceed, 3145.
+    Sewyt, 2614.
+  Shauyth, shewith, 412.
+  Sice, such, 2115.
+    Scotch, _sic_.
+  Snybbyth, snubs, checks, 3387.
+    Comp. D. _sneb_, a beak; _snebbig_, snappish.
+  Sobing, sobbing, moaning, 2658.
+  { Socht, Soght, } sought to go; and hence, made his (or their) way,
+      proceeded, went, 2619, 3179, 3357, 3428.
+  Sought one, advanced upon, attacked, 3149, 3311.
+  Sought to, made his way to, 3130.
+    A.S. _s�can_, past tense _ic s�hte_, to seek, approach, go towards.
+  Sor, sorrow, anxiety, 74.
+    A.S. _sorh_; Goth. _sa�rga_.
+  Sort, lot, fate, 26.
+    Fr. _sort_.
+  Sound, to be consonant with, 149.
+    See Gloss. to Tyrwhitt's Chaucer.
+    Lat. _sonare_.
+  Soundith, 1811. "So the puple soundith," so the opinion of the
+    people tends.
+      "As fer as _souneth_ into honestee."
+        (Chaucer: _Monkes Prologue_.)
+  Soundith, tend, 1943;
+      tends, 149.
+  Sown, sound, 1035.
+    Fr. _son_.
+  Sownis, sounds, 772, 3436.
+  Spent, fastened, clasped, 2809.
+    A.S. _spannan_, to clasp, join. Comp. Dan. _sp�nde_, to stretch,
+      span, buckle together.
+  { Spere, Spir, } sphere, 6, 170;
+  speris, spheres, circuits, 24.
+  Spere, to inquire, 1170.
+    A.S. _spirian_, to track. Cf. G. _spur_.
+  Sperithis, spear's, 810.
+  Spill, to destroy, ruin, 1990.
+    A.S. _spillan_.
+  Spreit, spirit, 81, 364.
+  Stak, 226. J. gives "to the steeks, _completely_;" and this is the
+      sense here.
+    See Jamieson: s.v. "Steik." Halliwell gives _stake_, to block up;
+      also _steck_, a stopping place (cf. Shakespeare's
+      _sticking-place_, Macb. i. vii. l. 60). In the N. of France it
+      is said of one killed or severely wounded, _il a eu son
+      estoque_, he has had his belly-ful; from _estoquer_, to cram,
+      satiate, "stodge."
+    Compare Ital. _stucco_, cloyed. It has also been suggested that
+      _to the stak_ may mean to the _stock_, i.e. up to the hilt,
+      very deeply.
+  Start, started up, leapt, 994, 1094.
+  Stede, stead, place, 218, 1124.
+    A.S. _stede_.
+  Steir, to stir, 817.
+    A.S. _stirian_.
+  Stekith, shuts, 1651.
+    Ger. _stecken_. Burns has _steek_.
+  Stek, shut, concluded, 316.
+  Stell, steel, 809.
+    Stell commonly means a stall, or fixed place; but the form
+      _stell_ for _steel_ occurs; e.g. "Brounstelle was heuy and
+      also kene." _Arthur_, l. 97.
+  { Sterapis, 3056, Steropis, 3132, } stirrups.
+    A.S. _st�-rap_ or _st�ge-r�p_, from _st�gan_, to mount, and
+      _r�p_, rope.
+  Stere, ruler, arbiter, 1020;
+      control, guidance, 1974.
+  Stere, to rule, control, 1344, 2884,
+    A.S. _st�ran_.
+  Stere, to stir, move, go, 3430.
+    See _Steir_.
+  Sterith, stirreth, 2829.
+  Sterf, to die, 1028.
+    A.S. _steorfan_.
+  Sterit, governed, 612.
+    A.S. _st�ran_.
+  Stert, started, 377.
+  Stok, the stake to which a baited bear is chained, 3386.
+  Stour, conflict, 1108, 2607, 3124.
+    R. _estour_.
+  Straucht, stretched out, 3090.
+    A.S. _streccan_, past part. _gestreht_.
+  Strekith, stretcheth, i.e. exciteth to his full stride, 3082.
+  { Subiet, 1799, Subeitis, 1828, Subiettis, 1878, } subject;
+      subjects.
+  Sudandly, Sodandly, suddenly, 1009, 1876.
+  Suet, sweet, 331.
+  Suppris, (surprise), overwhelming power, 691, 860, 2651;
+      oppression, 1352.
+    Fr. _surprendre_, to catch unawares.
+  Supprisit, overwhelmed, 1237, 1282;
+      overpowered, 2705, 3208.
+    Supprisit ded, suddenly killed, 3125.
+  Surry[gh]enis, surgeons, 2726.
+  Suth, sooth, true, 110.
+    A.S. _s��_.
+  Suthfastnes, truth, 1183.
+    A.S. _s��f�stnes_.
+  Sutly, soothly, truly, 963.
+  Swelf, a gulf such as is in the centre of a whirlpool, a vortex,
+      1318, J.
+    A.S. _swelgan_, to swallow up.
+  Sweuen, a dream, 440.
+    A.S. _swefn_.
+  Swth, sooth, true, 2753.
+    See _Suth_.
+  { Syne, 2026, Synne, 2029, } sin.
+  Syne, afterwards, next. J. 45, 794, etc.
+  Sy�, times, 3054.
+    A.S. _si�_.
+
+  { Tais, 1095, 3005, Taiis, 1141. } takes. Abbreviated, as "ma" is
+      from "make."
+    See _Ma_.
+  Tane, taken, 264.
+  Ten, grief, vexation, 2646, 3237.
+    A.S. _teonan_, to vex.
+  Tennandis, tennants, vassals holding fiefs, 1729.
+    R. _tenancier_.
+  Than, then, 3111.
+  The, (1) they, (2) thee, (3) thy.
+  Thelke, that, 709.
+    See l. 629, where _the ilk_ occurs; and see _Ilk_.
+  Thir, these, those, 2734, 2745, 2911, 3110, etc.
+  Thithingis, tidings, 2279.
+    A.S. _tidan_, to happen.
+  Tho, then, 545, 2221;
+      them, 2368.
+  Thoore, there, 628. Thore, 1102.
+  Thrid, third, 370, 2347, 2401.
+    A.S. _�ridda_.
+  Throng, closely pressed, crowded, 3366.
+    A.S. _�ringan_.
+  Til, to; til have, to have, 706.
+  Tint, lost, 1384.
+    See _Tyne_.
+  Tithandis, tidings, 2310.
+  Tithingis, tidings, 902, 2336.
+  To, too, besides, 3045.
+  Togidder, together, 254.
+  To-kerwith, carves or cuts to pieces; al to-kerwith, cuts all to
+      pieces, 868.
+    A.S. _to-ceorfian_. The prefix _to-_ is intensive, and forms a
+      part of the verb. See Judges ix. 53: "All to-brake his skull;"
+      i.e. utterly brake; sometimes misprinted "all to break" (!).
+  Ton, taken, 1054, 1071.
+  Ton, one; the ton, the one, 1822.
+    The tone = A.S. _��t �ne_.
+  To-schent, disfigured, 1221.
+    The intensive form of the A.S. verb _scendan_, to shame, destroy.
+      In the same line we have _to-hurt_, and in the next line
+      _to-rent_, words modelled on the same form. We find, e.g.,
+      in Spenser, the forms _all to-rent_, _all to-brus'd_. (See the
+      note on the prefix _To-_ in the Glossary to William of Palerne.)
+  Tothir, the other, 2536.
+    The tothir = A.S. _��t o�ere_, where _��t_ is the neuter gender
+      of the definite article. Burns has _the tither_.
+  Toyer (= tother), the other;
+    _y_ being written for the A.S. _�_ (_th_), 2571, 2584.
+  Traist, to trust, to be confident, 390, 1129, 1149, J.
+    Trast, 1659.
+  Traisting of (trusting), reliance upon, or expectation of, 25, J.
+  { Translat, 508, Transulat, 2204, } to transfer, remove.
+  Tratory, treachery, 3224.
+    See R. _tra�tor_.
+  Trety, treatise, 145.
+    Fr. _trait�_.
+  Trewis, truce, 1568, 2488, 2545.
+  { Tronsione, 239, Trunscyoune, 2962, Trownsciown, 2890, }
+      a truncheon, a stump of a spear.
+    Fr. _tron�on_; from Lat. _truncus_.
+    In the last passage it means a sceptre, _b�ton_.
+      "One hytte hym vpon the old� wounde
+      Wyth A tronchon of an ore;" (oar.)
+      (Le Morte Arthur, l. 3071.)
+  Troucht, truth, 161.
+  { Tueching, 403, Tweching, 386, } touching.
+  Tyne, to lose, 1258, 1387.
+    Icel. _t�na_.
+  Tynith, loseth, 1761.
+  Tynt, lost, 175, 1384, 1521.
+
+  Unwist, unknown, 1140.
+
+  Valis, falls; we should read "falis," 2475.
+  Valkyne, to waken, 8.
+    See _Awalk_.
+  Vall, billow, wave, 1317.
+    Ger. _welle_, a wave; _quelle_, a spring; Icel. _vella_, to _well_
+      up, boil. Cf. also A.S. _w�l_; Du. _wiel_; Lancashire _weele_,
+      an eddy, whirlpool. So, too, in Burns:--
+    "Whyles owre a linn the burnie plays,
+      As thro' the glen it wimpl't;
+    Whyles round a rocky scaur it stays,
+      Whyles in a _wiel_ it dimpl't."
+  Varand, to warrant, protect, 3411.
+    R. _warandir_.
+  Varnit, warned, 622.
+  Vassolag, a deed of prowess.
+    Pasing vassolag, surpassing valour, 257.
+    R. has _vasselage_, courage, valour, valourous deeds, as
+      indicative of the fulfilment of the duties of a _vassal_.
+      We now speak of rendering _good service_.
+  Vassolage, valour, 2724.
+  Veir, were, 818.
+  Veris, wars, 305.
+    See _Were_.
+  Veryng, were, 2971.
+    A.S. _w[��]ron_.
+  Vicht, a wight, a person, 10, 55, 67.
+    A.S. _wiht_.
+  Virslyng, wrestling, struggling, 3384.
+    J. gives the forms _warsell, wersill_.
+  Visare, wiser, 607.
+  Viting, to know, 410.
+    A.S. _witan_.
+  Vncouth, lit. _unknown_; hence little known, rare, valuable, 1734.
+    A.S. _unc��_.
+  Vodis, woods, 1000.
+  Vombe, womb, bowels, 375.
+    Goth. _wamba_.
+  Vondit, wounded, 700.
+  Vpwarpith, warped up, i.e. drawn up, 63.
+    See Note to this line. It occurs in Gawain Douglas's prologue to
+      his translation of the 12th Book of the �neid.
+    Du. _opwerpen_, from Goth. _wa�rpan_, to cast.
+  Vsyt, used, 1197, 1208.
+  Vyre, a cross-bow bolt, 1092.
+    R. _vire_; cf. Lat. _vertere_.
+
+  Wald, would, 419, 470, etc.
+  Walkin, to waken, wake, 1239.
+    See _Awalk_.
+  Wapnis, weapons, 241.
+    A.S. _w[��]pen_, or _w[��]pn_.
+  Ward, world, 3184.
+    Grose's Provincial Dictionary gives _Ward_ = world; and the
+      omission of the _l_ is not uncommon; see _Genesis and Exodus_
+      (E.E.T.S.), ll. 32, 1315.
+  Wassolage, valour, 2708.
+    See _Vassolag_.
+  Wat, know, 512.
+  Wawasouris, vavasours, 1729.
+    A _Vavasour_ was a sub-vassal, holding a small fief dependent on
+      a larger fief; a sort of esquire.
+    R. _vavaseur_.
+  Weil, very. Weil long, a very long time, 79.
+    Comp. Ger. _viel_, J.
+  Wencussith, vanquisheth, 3331;
+      vanquished, 3337.
+  Wencust, vanquished, 2841.
+  Wend, (1) to go, 2191;
+    (2) weened, thought, 3481.
+  Wentail, ventaile, a part of the helmet which opened to admit air,
+      1056.
+    R. _ventaile_; from Lat. _ventus_.
+  Were, (1) war. Fr. _guerre_. R. _werre_, 308, etc.
+    (2) doubt, 84, etc. "But were," without doubt. A.S. _w[��]r_,
+      cautious, _wary_.
+    (3) worse, 1930. Burns has _waur_.
+  Wering, weary, 58.
+    A.S. _w�rig_.
+  Werray, very, true, 1262, 2017.
+  Werroure, warrior, 248.
+  Weriour, warrior, 663.
+  Wers, worse, 515.
+  Weryng, were, 2493.
+  Wex, to be grieved, be vexed, 156.
+  Weyn, vain, 382, 524.
+  Weyne, _in phr._ but weyne, without doubt, 2880.
+    A.S. _w�nan_, to ween, to suppose.
+  Whill, until, 1136, J. Formed from A.S. _hw�l_, a period of time.
+  Wice, advice, counsel, 1909.
+    Shortened from Awys.
+  Wichsaif, vouchsafe, 355, 1391.
+  Wichsauf, _id._ 2364.
+  Wicht, wight, person, 131.
+  Wicht, strong, nimble, 248.
+    "Su-G. _wig_" J. Sw. _vig_.
+  Wight, with, 918. Possibly miswritten.
+  Wist, knew, 225, 1047.
+    See _Wit_.
+  Wit, to know, 268.
+    A.S. _witan_; pres. _ic w�t_, past tense, _ic wiste_.
+  Wit, knowledge, 2504.
+  With, by, 723.
+  Withschaif, vouchsafe, 1458.
+  With-thy, on this condition, 961.
+    See _For-thy_.
+  Wnkouth, little known, 146.
+    See _Vncouth_.
+  Wnwemmyt, undefiled, 2097.
+    A.S. _wam, wem_, a spot.
+  Wnwyst, unknown, secretly, 219, 269.
+  Wod (wood), mad, 3334, 3440.
+    A.S. _w�d_. Goth. _w�ds_.
+  Woid, mad, 2695. Perhaps we should read _woud_.
+  Wonde, wand, rod, or sceptre of justice, 1601, 1891. J.
+  Wonk, winked, 1058.
+  Wonne, to dwell, 2046.
+    A.S. _wunian_.
+  Worschip, honour, 1158, 1164.
+    A.S. _weor�-scipe_.
+  Wot, know, 192, etc.
+    See _Wit_.
+  Wox, voice, 13.
+    Lat. _vox_.
+  Woy�, voice, 3473.
+  Wrechitnes, misery, 2102;
+      miserliness, niggardliness, 1795, 1859.
+  Wy, reason; "to euery wy," for every reason, on all accounts, 2356.
+    Compare _Quhy_.
+  Wycht, strong, nimble, 2592.
+    See _Wicht_.
+  Wynyth, getteth, acquireth, 1832.
+  Wyre, a cross-bow bolt, 3290.
+    See _Vyre_.
+  Wys, vice, 1795.
+    Wysis, 1540.
+
+  Y, written for "th." Thus we find "oyer" for "other," etc. The
+      error arose with scribes who did not understand either the
+      true form or force of the old symbol �.
+  Yaf, gave, 387.
+  Yald, yield, 553;
+      yielded, 558.
+    A.S. _gildan_.
+  Yclepit, called, 414.
+  Yef, give, 563.
+  Yeif, give, 923.
+  Yer, year, 610.
+    Used instead of the plural "yeris," as in l. 3243.
+  Yewyne, given, 1500.
+  Ygrave, buried, 1800.
+    Comp. Ger. _begraben_.
+  Yhere, ear, 1576.
+  Yher, year, 2064.
+    Used instead of "yheris," 3243.
+  Yhis, yes, 1397.
+  Yis, yes, 514;
+      this, 160.
+  Ylys, isles, 2858, 2882.
+  Ymong, among, 821.
+  Yneuch, enough, 2135.
+    A.S. _genog_.
+  Yolde, yielded (to be), 951, 1088.
+  Ystatut, appointed, 2529.
+    Fr. _statuer_.
+  Ywy�, certainly, 1798, 1942.
+    See _Iwy�_.
+
+  [Gh]eme, to take of, regard, have respect to, 665.
+    A.S. _g�man_.
+  [Gh]ere, year, 342.
+  [Gh]erys, years, 23, 1432.
+  [Gh]ewith, giveth, 1772.
+  [Gh]ha, yes, 2843.
+    Ger. _ja_.
+  [Gh]he, ye, 921.
+    Observe that, as in this line, _ye_ (A.S. _ge_) is the _nominative_,
+    and _you_ (A.S. _e�w_) the _objective_ case.
+  [Gh]hed, went, 1486.
+    Ch. has _yede_.
+    A.S. _ic e�de_, past tense of _g�n_, to go.
+    Goth. _ik �ddja_, past tense of _gaggan_, to go.
+  [Gh]her, year, 2064, 2274.
+  [Gh]hing, young, 2868.
+  [Gh]his, yes, 1397.
+  [Gh]houth-hed, youth-hood, youth, 2772.
+  [Gh]hud, went, 2696.
+    See _[Gh]hed_.
+  [Gh]is, yes, 3406.
+  [Gh]olde, yielded, 291, 380, 951.
+    A.S. _ic geald_, past tense of _gyldan_, to pay, to yield.
+  [Gh]ude, went, 2944.
+    See _[Gh]hed_.
+
+
+
+
+INDEX OF NAMES, ETC.
+
+
+  Albanak, 202, 1447.
+  Alexander, 1837.
+  Alphest, 57.
+  Amytans, 1304, 2446.
+  Angus, 2858.
+  April, 1.
+  Arachell, 434.
+  Aries, 336.
+  Arthur (_passim_).
+
+  Ban, 202, 1447.
+  Bible, the, 1483.
+  Brandellis, 3086.
+  Brandymagus, 2884, 3430.
+
+  Camelot, 275, 280, 357, 407.
+  Cardole, 2153.
+  Carlisle, 347.
+  Christ, 2046.
+  Clamedeus, 2881, 3259.
+
+  Dagenet, 278.
+  Daniel, 1365.
+  Dan[gh]elome, 435.
+
+  Esquyris, 2591, 2609, etc.
+
+  First-conquest king, 1064, etc.; 2568, etc.
+
+  Gahers, 3087.
+  Galiot (_passim_).
+  Galys Gwyans, 2605, 2613, etc.
+  Galygantynis, 599.
+  Galloway, 2690.
+  Gawane (_passim_).
+  Gwynans or Gwyans. See _Galys_.
+  Gyonde or Gyande, 302, 551, 637.
+
+  Harwy, 2853, 3206, etc.
+  Herynes (_i.e._ Hermes), 436.
+  Hundred knights, king of, 1545, 1554.
+
+  Jhesu, 2046, 2096.
+
+  Kay, 254, 355, 3081, etc.
+
+  Lady of the Lake, 220, 223.
+  Lancelot (_passim_);
+    appears as the _red_ knight, 991, etc.;
+    as the _black_ knight, 2430, etc.
+  Logris, 2301.
+
+  Maleginis, 806.
+    See _Malenginys_.
+  Malenginys, 2873, 3151, 3155.
+    See also _Hundred knights, king of_.
+  May, 12.
+  Melyhalt, 283, 895.
+  Melyhalt, lady of (_passim_).
+  Moses, 436.
+
+  Nembrot (_i.e._ Nimrod), 435.
+  Nohalt, 255.
+
+  Phoebus, 24, 2472, 2486.
+  Priapus, 51.
+
+  Round Table, 795, 3213.
+
+  Saturn, 2474.
+  Scilla, 2483.
+  Solomon, 1378.
+  Sygramors, 3083.
+
+  Titan, 335.
+
+  Valydone, 3249.
+    See _Walydeyne_.
+  Vanore, 575.
+    See _Wanore_.
+  Virgin (Mary), 2049, 2087, etc.
+  Venus, 309.
+
+  Wales, 599, 2153.
+  Walydeyne, 2879.
+  Wanore, 230.
+  Wryne, 2867.
+
+  Ydrus, 2851, 3152.
+  Ywan, 2606, 2618, etc.
+  Ywons, 2861.
+
+
+JOHN CHILDS AND SON, PRINTERS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+           *       *       *       *
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Errors and Inconsistencies (noted by transcriber):
+
+_The word "invisible" means that there is an appropriately sized blank
+space, but the character itself is missing. In the two primary texts
+(French and Scottish), errors in editorial punctuation have been
+corrected, while other apparent errors are noted but not changed. For
+the French text, it was assumed that Skeat's word "commas" includes
+"inverted commas" or quotation marks._
+
+_The form "reflective" (for "reflexive") is used consistently._
+
+_In the primary text, the following unexpected forms are not
+individually noted:_
+
+  capital I at mid-sentence or mid-word
+  non-final round s; final long s
+  non-initial v; initial u
+  word-final [s]� (apparent "sss")
+
+
+_Preface_
+
+  fancy a Southern copyist making the blunder."  [blunder.']
+  between _thou_ and _ye_ (_William of Palerne_, Pref. p.�xli)
+    [_printed "William of Palerne" in roman (plain) type_]
+
+
+_"Appendix"_ (French romance)
+
+  [Footnote A16: Lines 281-292.]  [_missing ._]
+  "Sire nous ne vous en scairions que dire."  [_final . invisible_]
+  "Certes," fait le maistre, "nous auons veu une chose
+    [_missing open quote before "nous"_]
+  | ne fleur qui parlast |"
+    [_printed as shown, with close quote after pipe_]
+  "quelle royne" fait il "Le fe{m}me au roy artus," fait lescuyer.
+    [_missing . after "fait il"_]
+  "scauez vous bien qui la dame est que vous regardez?"
+    [_missing open quote_]
+  que nul dentreulz ne demeure a cheual  [_final . missing_]
+  "ne de la myenne non est il mye."  [_final . invisible_]
+  "Non," | fait gallehault.  [_comma after "Non" invisible_]
+  "Dame, ouy | ie vo{us} enuoyay peux pucelles."
+    [_printed as shown: error for "deux"_]
+  fustes vous ce qui iettastes messire Gauain de prison?"
+    [_text unchanged: elsewhere "Gauuain"_]
+  [Sidenote: ... two rascals killed his horse, and Ywain gave him
+  another.]
+    [_text unchanged: elsewhere "Yvain"_]
+  "Et vous combatistes vous a luy"  [_no question mark_]
+  Dame, vous scauez que ie vous ayme sur toutes
+    [_printed as shown: error for "il vous ayme"?_]
+  Et ie dys, "a�dieu! dame." Et vous distes "a�dieu! mon beau
+  doulx amy!"
+    [_printed as shown: inner and outer quotes both use double
+    quotation marks_]
+
+
+_Notes to "Appendix"_
+
+  P. xxiv. ... _brouyr_ (_br�ler_), being burnt.
+      [_printed "br�ler" in roman (plain) type_]
+
+
+_Lancelot_
+
+  197  Quhare that I my{hc}t [s]u{m} wnkouth mat{er} fynde,
+    [_text unchanged: error for "my{ch}t"?_]
+  297  Nor thing I not of his hye ren[-o]wn
+    [_text unchanged: error for "think"?_]
+  648  The neid is myne, I fall It not delay;
+    [_text unchanged: error for "sall" (i.e. shall)?_]
+  1360  Thar ned, and kep them to ry{ch}twyne�;
+    [_text unchanged: error for "ry{ch}twy[s]ne�"?_]
+  1433  And as his mai[s]ter hyme commandit hade,
+    [_final "e" conjectural_]
+  1641  And puny� for, for o thing [s]hal yow know
+    [_text unchanged: error for "[s]or, for"?_]
+  2016  [Fol. 25b.]  [_final . invisible_]
+  2146-47  His leve, one to to his cuntre for to go�e;
+  And al the o[s]t makith none abyde,
+    [_text unchanged: error for "one to his"? (As printed, does not
+    fit metre; another edition has "one to his".)
+    Missing syllable in second line?_]
+  2308  Eft fupir one to o chalm{er} ar thei went,
+    [_text unchanged: error for "[s]upir"?_]
+  [Footnote T60: ... "lorne," as in line 2092.]  [_final . missing_]
+  [Sidenote: Then Galys Gwynans, brother of Ywan,]
+  2605  Than galys gwynans, w{i}t{h} o manly hart,
+    [_sidenote text has "Than" as in body text; both have "Gwynans"
+    instead of the usual "Gwyans"_]
+  3104  Bot deth or vthir adwentur me fall."
+    [_close quote missing_]
+  [3380]  [Sidenote: ... resist his sword.]  [_final . missing_]
+
+_Notes_
+
+  [Introductory paragraph]
+  _vthir_ means _uthir_, i.e., _other_  [i.e,]
+  P. 25, l. 820. ... "His enemies began his mortall strokes to feel."
+    [_spelling unchanged_]
+  P. 33, l. 1109. _Galyot_ put for _Galiotes_
+    [_illegible "t" in "Galyot" restored from body text_]
+  P. 71 ... 2436. _ellis-quhat_
+    [_text unchanged; body text has two words "ellis quhat"_];
+  P. 84 ... 2884. _to led and stere_, to lead and direct.
+    [_comma missing or invisible_]
+  P. 90, l. 3065. ... "encresing in[N2] his hart";
+    [_original footnote tag has 1 for 2_]
+
+_Glossary_
+
+  Borde ... See _horde_ in Burguy.
+  Bretis ... Gallis _Bretesque_. Du Cange
+    [_printed as shown, but cited text has "Bretesques"_]
+  Dispol[gh]eith, despoileth, 1879.  [_final . missing_]
+  Haill, whole, 3246.
+    [_text reads "Heill", but correctly alphabetized as "Haill"_]
+  Ma, short form of Make, 953.  [Ma;]
+  Resydens, delay, 670.  [delay 670.]
+  { Subiet, 1799, Subeitis, 1828, Subiettis, 1878, } subject;
+  subjects.
+    [_printed as shown, but l. 1828 has "subectis" or (footnote)
+    "subett{is}"_]
+  Valkyne, to waken, 8. / See _Awalk_.  [_final . missing_]
+  [Gh]hed, went, 1486. ... Goth. _ik �ddja_  [_text unchanged_]
+
+
+_Index of Names_
+
+  Aries, 336.  [_"e" invisible_]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's Lancelot of the Laik, by Walter William Skeat
+
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+<head>
+
+<meta http-equiv = "Content-Type" content = "text/html; charset=UTF-8">
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+<title>Lancelot of the Laik</title>
+
+<style type = "text/css">
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+/* standard styles */
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+margin-top: 1.5em; padding-top: .1em; text-align: left; clear: right;}
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+font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-align: right;
+text-indent: 0;}
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+
+<body>
+
+
+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Lancelot of the Laik, by Walter William Skeat
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Lancelot of the Laik
+       A Scottish Metrical Romance
+
+Editor: Walter William Skeat
+
+Release Date: July 25, 2011 [EBook #36848]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: UTF-8
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK LANCELOT OF THE LAIK ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Louise Hope, Robert Cicconetti and the Online
+Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
+file was produced from images generously made available
+by The Internet Archive/Canadian Libraries)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+<div class = "mynote">
+<p><a name = "start" id = "start">This text</a> includes characters that
+require UTF-8 (Unicode) file encoding:</p>
+
+<table class = "inset" summary = "list of letters">
+<tr>
+<td>ſ</td>
+<td>long “s”</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>Ȝ&nbsp;ȝ</td>
+<td>yogh</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>m̅</td>
+<td>m with over-line
+<p>(the equivalent “n” form is shown as ñ with tilde for better font
+support)</p></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>ǽ</td>
+<td>æ with accent, only in the Glossary</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>There are also a few letters with macron (“long” mark). If any of
+these characters do not display properly&mdash;in particular, if the
+diacritic does not appear directly above the letter&mdash;or if the
+apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, you
+may have an incompatible browser or unavailable fonts. First, make sure
+that the browser’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode
+(UTF-8). You may also need to change your browser’s default font.</p>
+
+<p>Unlike most EETS productions, this book was printed with long “s”
+(ſ).
+The editor’s Introduction says:</p>
+
+<p class = "inset">
+We find, in the MS., both the long and the twisted <i>s</i> (ſ and s).
+These have been noted down as they occur, though I do not observe any
+law for their use. The letter “ß” has been adopted as closely resembling
+a symbol in the MS., which apparently has the force of double <i>s</i>,
+and is not unlike the “<i>sz</i>” used in modern German
+hand-writing.</p>
+
+<hr class = "mid">
+
+<p>Typographical errors are shown in the text with <ins class =
+"correction" title = "like this">mouse-hover popups</ins>. For details,
+see the <a href = "#endnote">end of the e-text</a>.</p>
+
+<p class = "center">
+<a href = "#preface">Preface</a><br>
+<a href = "#appendix">Lancelot du Lac</a><br>
+<a href = "#lancelot">Lancelot of the Laik</a><br>
+<a href = "#notes">Notes</a><br>
+<a href = "#glossary">Glossary</a></p>
+
+<p><b>Links:</b> Throughout the book, links to numbered lines generally
+lead to the nearest multiple of 4 (printed number). In the two primary
+texts, marginal page numbers link to the Notes for that page. In the
+Preface, all line numbers are active links. To reduce visual chaos,
+conventional highlighting has been turned off; instead the links are
+shown in <b>boldface</b>. This may be overridden by your personal
+browser settings.</p>
+
+<p>In the Glossary, ȝ (yogh) is alphabetized as z.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<a name = "intro1" id = "intro1">&nbsp;</a>
+
+<p class = "illustration">
+<img src = "images/romans.png" width = "343" height = "145"
+alt = "The Romans of Lancelot of the Laik."
+title = "The Romans of Lancelot of the Laik."></p>
+
+<a name = "intro2" id = "intro2">&nbsp;</a>
+
+<p>&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<hr>
+
+<table class = "parallel smaller" summary = "publishers">
+<tr>
+<td>DUBLIN:</td>
+<td>WILLIAM M<sup>c</sup>GEE, 18, NASSAU STREET.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>EDINBURGH:</td>
+<td>T. G. STEVENSON, 22, SOUTH FREDERICK STREET.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>GLASGOW:</td>
+<td>OGLE &amp; CO., 1, ROYAL EXCHANGE SQUARE.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>BERLIN:</td>
+<td>ASHER &amp; CO., UNTER DEN LINDEN, 11.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>BOSTON, U.S.:</td>
+<td>DUTTON &amp; CO.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>NEW YORK:</td>
+<td>C. SCRIBNER &amp; CO.; LEYPOLDT &amp; HOLT.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td>PHILADELPHIA:</td>
+<td>J. B. LIPPINCOTT &amp; CO.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<hr>
+
+<a name = "intro3" id = "intro3">&nbsp;</a>
+
+<h1>
+<img src = "images/lancelot.png" width = "478" height = "61"
+alt = "Lancelot of the Laik:" title = "Lancelot of the Laik:"></h1>
+
+<h2 class = "four">A SCOTTISH METRICAL ROMANCE,</h2>
+
+<h2 class = "five">(ABOUT 1490-1500 A.D.)</h2>
+
+<p>&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<h4 class = "six">RE-EDITED</h4>
+
+<h4 class = "five">FROM A MANUSCRIPT IN THE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY
+LIBRARY,</h4>
+
+<h4 class = "six">WITH AN</h4>
+
+<h4>INTRODUCTION, NOTES, AND GLOSSARIAL INDEX,</h4>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<h3 class = "six">BY</h3>
+
+<h3 class = "four">THE REV. W. W. SKEAT, M.A.,</h3>
+
+<h3 class = "six">LATE FELLOW OF CHRIST’S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE;<br>
+AND TRANSLATOR OF THE SONGS AND BALLADS OF UHLAND.</h3>
+
+<p>&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p class = "center">[<b>Second and Revised Edition, 1870.</b>]</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p class = "center">
+<span class = "larger">LONDON:</span><br>
+<span class = "smaller extended">
+PUBLISHED FOR THE EARLY ENGLISH TEXT SOCIETY,</span><br>
+BY N. TRÜBNER &amp; CO., 60, PATERNOSTER ROW.</p>
+
+<hr class = "micro">
+
+<p class = "center smallest">MDCCCLXV.</p>
+
+
+<hr>
+
+<a name = "intro4" id = "intro4">&nbsp;</a>
+
+<p>&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p class = "center">6</p>
+
+<hr class = "small">
+
+<p class = "center smallest">JOHN CHILDS AND SON, PRINTERS.</p>
+
+<hr>
+
+<div class = "intro">
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_v" id = "intro_v">v</a></span>
+
+<h2><a name = "preface" id = "preface">PREFACE.</a></h2>
+
+<hr class = "tiny">
+
+<h3><a name = "pref_ms" id = "pref_ms">
+I.&mdash;DESCRIPTION OF THE MS., ETC.</a></h3>
+
+<p><span class = "firstword">A former</span> edition of the present poem
+was printed for the Maitland Club, in 1839, and edited by Joseph
+Stevenson, Esq. It has saved me all trouble of transcription, but by no
+means, I&nbsp;am sorry to say, that of correction. Those who possess the
+older edition will readily perceive that it differs from the present one
+very frequently indeed, and that the variations are often such as
+considerably to affect the sense. Many of the errors in it (such as
+<i>casualtyee</i> for <i>casualytee</i>, <i>grone</i>, for <i>gone</i>,
+<i>reprent</i> for <i>repent</i>) are clearly typographical, but there
+are others which would incline me to believe that the transcription was
+too hastily executed; several passages being quite meaningless. Near the
+conclusion of Mr Stevenson’s preface we read: “The pieces which have
+been selected for the present volume<a class = "tag" name = "tagP1" id =
+"tagP1" href = "#noteP1">1</a> are printed with such errors of
+transcription as have crept into them by the carelessness of the
+scribe;” a&nbsp;statement which certainly implies that there was no
+intention on his part of departing from the original. Yet that he
+sometimes unconsciously did so to such an extent as considerably to
+alter (or destroy) the sense, the reader may readily judge from a few
+examples:&mdash;</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_vi" id = "intro_vi">vi</a></span>
+
+<table class = "parallel" summary = "comparison of forms">
+<tr class = "smallroman">
+<th>LINE.</th>
+<th abbr = "1839">EDITION OF 1839.</th>
+<th abbr = "manuscript">TRUE READING OF THE MS.</th>
+</tr>
+
+<tr>
+<td class = "number"><a class = "line" href = "#line24">26</a>.</td>
+<td>fatil (<i>fatal</i>),</td>
+<td>fatit (<i>fated</i>).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "number"><a class = "line" href = "#line284">285</a>.</td>
+<td>unarmyt (<i>unarmed</i>),</td>
+<td>enarmyt (<i>fully armed</i>).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "number"><a class = "line" href = "#line680">682</a>.</td>
+<td>can here,</td>
+<td>cam nere.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "number"><a class = "line" href = "#line700">700</a>.</td>
+<td>rendit (<i>rent</i>),</td>
+<td>vondit (<i>wounded</i>).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "number"><a class = "line" href = "#line764">764</a>.</td>
+<td>refuse (<i>refusal?</i>),</td>
+<td>reprefe (<i>defeat</i>).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "number"><a class = "line" href = "#line860">861</a>.</td>
+<td>felith (<i>feeleth</i>),</td>
+<td>ſetith (<i>setteth</i>).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "number"><a class = "line" href = "#line1052">1054</a>.</td>
+<td>vyt,</td>
+<td>ry<i>ch</i>t.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "number"><a class = "line" href = "#line1084">1084</a>.</td>
+<td>speiris,</td>
+<td>spuris.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "number"><a class = "line" href = "#line1452">1455</a>.</td>
+<td>cumyng (<i>coming</i>),</td>
+<td>cunyng (<i>skill</i>).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "number"><a class = "line" href = "#line1620">1621</a>.</td>
+<td>he war,</td>
+<td>be war (<i>beware</i>).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "number"><a class = "line" href = "#line1640">1641</a>.</td>
+<td>promyß,</td>
+<td>punyß (<i>punish</i>).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "number"><a class = "line" href = "#line2008">2010</a>.</td>
+<td>ane desyne,</td>
+<td>medysyne.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "number"><a class = "line" href = "#line2092">2092</a>.</td>
+<td>born,</td>
+<td>lorn (<i>lost</i>).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "number"><a class = "line" href = "#line2112">2114</a>.</td>
+<td>havin,</td>
+<td>harm.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "number"><a class = "line" href = "#line2140">2142</a>.</td>
+<td>Hymene (!),</td>
+<td>hyme (<i>him</i>).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "number"><a class = "line" href = "#line2216">2219</a>.</td>
+<td>such,</td>
+<td>furth (<i>forth</i>).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "number"><a class = "line" href = "#line2244">2245</a>.</td>
+<td>al so y-vroght,</td>
+<td>al foly vroght.</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "number"><a class = "line" href = "#line2276">2279</a>.</td>
+<td>chichingis (!),</td>
+<td>thithingis (<i>tidings</i>).</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class = "number"><a class = "line" href = "#line2444">2446</a>.</td>
+<td>love,</td>
+<td>lore (<i>teaching</i>). Etc.</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p>Several omissions also occur, as, <i>e.g.</i>, of the word “off” in
+<a class = "line" href = "#line4">l.&nbsp;7</a>, of the word “tressore”
+in <a class = "line" href = "#line1712">l.&nbsp;1715</a>, and of four
+whole lines at a time in two instances; viz., lines <a class = "line"
+href = "#line1188">1191-4</a>, and <a class = "line" href =
+"#line2876">2877-80</a>. It will be found, in fact, that the former text
+can seldom be safely quoted for the purposes of philology; and I cannot
+but think Mr Stevenson’s claim of being accurate to be especially
+unfortunate; and the more so, because the genuine text is much simpler
+and more intelligible than the one which he has given.</p>
+
+<p>The original MS. is to be found in the Cambridge University Library,
+marked Kk. 1.&nbsp;5. It formerly formed part of a thick volume,
+labelled “Tracts;” but these are now being separated, for greater
+convenience, into several volumes. The MS. of “Lancelot” has little to
+do with any of the rest as regards its subject, but several other pieces
+are in the same hand-writing; and, at the end of one of them, an
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_vii" id = "intro_vii">vii</a></span>
+abstract of Solomon’s proverbs, occur the words, “Expliciunt Dicta
+Salamonis, per manum V. de&nbsp;F.”<a class = "tag" name = "tagP2" id =
+"tagP2" href = "#noteP2">2</a> This hand-writing, though close, is very
+regular, and my own impression certainly is that the scribe has almost
+always succeeded in preserving the sense of the poem, though there is
+much confusion in the dialectal forms, as will be shewn presently.</p>
+
+<p>The present text is as close a fac-simile of the MS. as can be
+represented by printed letters, every peculiarity being preserved as far
+as practicable, even including the use of <i>y</i> for <i>þ</i> (or
+<i>th</i>); so that the reader must remember that <i>yow</i> in <a class
+= "line" href = "#line92">l.&nbsp;94</a> stands for <i>thow</i>, and
+<i>yis</i> in <a class = "line" href = "#line160">l.&nbsp;160</a> for
+<i>this</i>, and so on; but this ought not to cause much difficulty. The
+sole points of difference are the following:</p>
+
+<p>1. In the MS. the headings “Prologue,” “Book I.” etc., do not
+occur.</p>
+
+<p>2. The lines do not always begin (in the MS.) with a capital
+letter.</p>
+
+<p>3. The letters <i>italicized</i> are (in the MS.) represented by
+signs of contraction. One source of difficulty is the flourish over a
+word, used <i>sometimes</i> as a contraction for <i>m</i> or <i>n</i>. I
+have expanded this flourish as an <i>m</i> or <i>n</i> wherever such
+letter is manifestly required; but it also occurs where it is best to
+attach to it no value. In such instances, the flourish occurs most
+frequently over the last word in a line, and (except very rarely) only
+over words which have an <i>m</i> or <i>n</i> in them. It would thus
+seem that their presence is due to the fact of the scribe wanting
+employment for his pen after the line had been written, and that the
+flourish therefore appears over certain words, not so much because the
+<i>n</i> is <i>wanting</i> in them, as because it is <i>there
+already</i>. Such words have a special attraction for the wandering pen.
+Still, in order that the reader
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_viii" id = "intro_viii">viii</a></span>
+may know wherever such flourishes occur, they have all been noted down;
+thus, in <a class = "line" href = "#line44">l.&nbsp;46</a>, the stroke
+over the <i>n</i> in “greñ” means that a long flourish occurs drawn over
+the whole word, and the reader who wishes to expand this word into
+“gren<i>e</i>” or “gren<i>n</i>” may easily do it for himself, though he
+should observe that the most usual form of the word is simply “gren,” as
+in lines <a class = "line" href = "#line1000">1000</a>, <a class =
+"line" href = "#line1304">1305</a>.</p>
+
+<p>In a few nouns ending in <i>-l</i>, the plural is indicated by a
+stroke drawn through the doubled letter; as in <i>perillis</i>,
+<i>sadillis</i>, etc.; and even the word <i>ellis</i> (else) is thus
+abbreviated.</p>
+
+<p>4. I am responsible for all hyphens, and letters and words between
+square brackets; thus, “with-outen” is in the MS. “with outen;” and
+“knych[t]ly” is written “knychly.” Whenever a line begins with a capital
+letter included between two brackets, the original has a blank space
+left, evidently intended for an illuminated letter. Wherever illuminated
+letters actually occur in the MS., they are denoted in this edition by
+large capitals.</p>
+
+<p>5. We find, in the MS., both the long and the twisted <i>s</i> (ſ and
+s). These have been noted down as they occur, though I do not observe
+any law for their use. The letter “ß” has been adopted as closely
+resembling a symbol in the MS., which apparently has the force of double
+<i>s</i>, and is not unlike the “<i>sz</i>” used in modern German
+hand-writing. It may be conveniently denoted by <i>ss</i> when the type
+“ß” is not to be had, and is sometimes so represented in the
+“Notes.”</p>
+
+<p>6. The MS. is, of course, not punctuated. The punctuation in the
+present edition is mostly new; and many passages, which in the former
+edition were meaningless, have thus been rendered easily intelligible.
+I&nbsp;am also responsible for the headings of the pages, the abstract
+at the sides of them, the numbering of the folios in the margin, the
+notes, and the glossary; which I hope may be found useful. The greatest
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_ix" id = "intro_ix">ix</a></span>
+care has been taken to make the text accurate, the proof-sheets having
+been compared with the MS. <i>three times</i> throughout.<a class =
+"tag" name = "tagP3" id = "tagP3" href = "#noteP3">3</a></p>
+
+
+<h3><a name = "pref_poem" id = "pref_poem">
+II.&mdash;DESCRIPTION OF THE POEM.</a></h3>
+
+<p>The poem itself is a loose paraphrase of not quite fourteen folios of
+the first of the three volumes of the French Romance of Lancelot du Lac,
+if we refer to it as reprinted at Paris in 1513, in three volumes, thin
+folio, double-columned.<a class = "tag" name = "tagP4" id = "tagP4" href
+= "#noteP4">4</a> The English poet has set aside the French Prologue,
+and written a new one of his own, and has afterwards translated and
+amplified that portion of the Romance which narrates the invasion of
+Arthur’s territory by “le roy de oultre les marches, nomme galehault”
+(in the English <i>Galiot</i>), and the defeat of the said king by
+Arthur and his allies.</p>
+
+<p>The Prologue (lines <a class = "line" href = "#line1">1-334</a>)
+tells how the author undertook to write a romance to please his
+lady-love; and how, after deciding to take as his subject the story of
+Lancelot as told in the French Romance, yet finding himself unequal to a
+close translation of the whole of it, he determined to give a paraphrase
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_x" id = "intro_x">x</a></span>
+of a portion of it only. After giving us a brief summary of the earlier
+part by the simple process of telling us what he will <i>not</i> relate,
+he proposes to begin the story at the point where Lancelot has been made
+prisoner by the lady of Melyhalt, and to take as his subject the wars
+between Arthur and Galiot, and the distinction which Lancelot won in
+them; and afterwards to tell how Lancelot made peace between these two
+kings, and was consequently rewarded by Venus, who</p>
+
+<div class = "verse">
+<p>“makith hyme his ladice grace to have” (<a class = "line" href =
+"#line308">l. 311</a>).</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The latter part of the poem, it may be observed, has not come down to
+us. The author then concludes his Prologue by beseeching to have the
+support of a very celebrated poet, whose name he will not mention, but
+will only say that</p>
+
+<div class = "verse">
+<p>“Ye fresch enditing of his laiting toung</p>
+<p>Out throuch yis world so wid is yroung,” etc.<a class = "tag" name =
+"tagP5" id = "tagP5" href = "#noteP5">5</a> (<a class = "line" href =
+"#line328">l. 328</a>.)</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The first Book introduces us to King Arthur at Carlisle.<a class =
+"tag" name = "tagP6" id = "tagP6" href = "#noteP6">6</a> The king is
+visited by dreams, which he imagines to forebode misfortune; he
+therefore convokes all his clerks, and inquires of them the meaning of
+the dreams, proposing to hang them in the event of their refusal. Thus
+strongly urged, they tell him that those on whom he most relies will
+fail him at his need; and when he further inquires if this evil fate can
+be averted, they answer him very obscurely that it can only be remedied
+by help of the water-lion, the leech, and the flower; a&nbsp;reply which
+the king evidently regards as unsatisfactory. Soon after an aged knight,
+fully armed, enters the palace, with a message from King Galiot,
+requiring him to give “tribute and rent.” Arthur at once refuses,
+somewhat to the astonishment of the knight, who is amazed at his
+hardihood. Next arrives a message from the lady of Melyhalt, informing
+Arthur of the
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_xi" id = "intro_xi">xi</a></span>
+actual presence of Galiot’s army. We are then momentarily introduced to
+Lancelot, who is pining miserably in the lady’s custody. Next follows a
+description of Galiot’s army, at sight of the approach of which King
+Arthur and his “niece,” Sir Gawain, confer as to the best means of
+resistance. In the ensuing battle Sir Gawain greatly distinguishes
+himself, but is at last severely wounded. Sir Lancelot, coming to hear
+of Sir Gawain’s deeds, craves leave of the lady to be allowed to take
+part in the next conflict, who grants him his boon on condition that he
+promise to return to his prison. She then provides for him a red
+courser, and a complete suit of red armour, in which guise he appears at
+the second battle, and is the “head and comfort of the field;” the queen
+and Sir Gawain beholding his exploits from a tower. The result of the
+battle convinces Galiot that Arthur is not strong enough at present to
+resist him sufficiently, and that he thus runs the risk of a too easy,
+and therefore dishonourable, conquest; for which excellent reason he
+grants Arthur a twelvemonth’s truce, with a promise to return again in
+increased force at the expiration of that period. Sir Lancelot returns
+to Melyhalt according to promise, and the lady is well pleased at
+hearing the reports of his famous deeds, and visits him when asleep, out
+of curiosity to observe his appearance after the fight.</p>
+
+<p>In the Second Book the story makes but little progress, nearly the
+whole of it being occupied by a long lecture or sermon delivered to
+Arthur by a “master,” named Amytans, on the duties of a king; the chief
+one being that a king should give presents to everybody&mdash;a duty
+which is insisted on with laborious tediousness. Lines <a class = "line"
+href = "#line1320">1320-2130</a> are almost entirely occupied with this
+subject, and will be found to be the driest part of the whole narrative.
+In the course of his lecture, Amytans explains at great length the
+obscure prophecy mentioned above, shewing that by the water-lion is
+meant God the Father, by the leech God the Son, and by the flower the
+Virgin
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_xii" id = "intro_xii">xii</a></span>
+Mary. Though the outline of a similar lecture exists in the old French
+text, there would seem to be a special reason for the length to which it
+is here expanded. Some lines certainly seem to hint at events passing in
+Scotland at the time when the poem was composed. Thus, “kings may be
+excused when of tender age” (<a class = "line" href =
+"#line1656">l.&nbsp;1658</a>); but when they come to years of discretion
+should punish those that have wrested the law. Again we find (<a class =
+"line" href = "#line1920">l.&nbsp;1920</a>) strong warnings against
+flatterers, concluding (<a class = "line" href =
+"#line1940">l.&nbsp;1940</a>) with the expression,</p>
+
+<div class = "verse">
+<p>“Wo to the realme that havith sich o chans!”</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Such hints may remind us of the long minorities of James II. and
+James III.; and, whilst speaking on this subject, I&nbsp;may note a
+somewhat remarkable coincidence. When King Arthur, as related in Book
+I., asks the meaning of his dream, he is told that it signifies that
+“they in whom he most trusts will fail him” (<a class = "line" href =
+"#line496">l.&nbsp;499</a>); and he afterwards laments (<a class =
+"line" href = "#line1148">l.&nbsp;1151</a>) how his “men fail him at
+need.” Now when we read that a story is current of a prophetess having
+told James III. that he was destined to “fall by the hands of his own
+kindred,”<a class = "tag" name = "tagP7" id = "tagP7" href =
+"#noteP7">7</a> and that that monarch was in the habit of consulting
+<i>astrologers</i><a class = "tag" name = "tagP8" id = "tagP8" href =
+"#noteP8">8</a> (compare <a class = "line" href =
+"#line432">l.&nbsp;432</a>) as to the dangers that threatened him, it
+seems quite possible that the poem was really composed about the year
+1478; and this supposition is consistent with the fact that the
+hand-writing of the present MS. copy belongs to the very end of the
+fifteenth century.</p>
+
+<p>Towards the end of the Second Book, we learn that the twelvemonth’s
+truce draws near its end, and that Sir Lancelot again obtains permission
+from the lady to be present in the approaching combat, choosing this
+time to be arrayed in “armys al of blak” (<a class = "line" href =
+"#line2424">l.&nbsp;2426</a>).</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_xiii" id = "intro_xiii">xiii</a></span>
+
+<p>In the Third Book Galiot returns to the fight with a host thrice as
+large as his former one. As before, Gawain distinguishes himself in the
+first encounter, but is at length so “evil wounded” that he was “the
+worse thereof evermore” (<a class = "line" href =
+"#line2704">l.&nbsp;2706</a>). In the second combat, the black knight
+utterly eclipses the red knight, and the last thousand (extant) lines of
+the poem are almost wholly occupied with a description of his wonderful
+prowess. At the point where the extant portion of the poem ceases, the
+author would appear to be just warming with his subject, and to be
+preparing for greater efforts.</p>
+
+<p>In continuance of the outline of the story, I may add that the French
+text<a class = "tag" name = "tagP9" id = "tagP9" href = "#noteP9">9</a>
+informs us how, after being several times remounted by Galiot, and
+finding himself with every fresh horse quite as fresh as he was at the
+beginning of the battle, the black knight attempted, as evening fell, to
+make his way back to Melyhalt secretly. Galiot, however, having
+determined not to lose sight of him, follows and confronts him, and
+earnestly requests his company to supper, and that he will lodge in his
+tent that night. After a little hesitation, Lancelot accepts the
+invitation, and Galiot entertains him with the utmost respect and
+flattery, providing for him a most excellent supper and a bed larger
+than any of the rest. Lancelot, though naturally somewhat wearied,
+passes a rather restless night, and talks a good deal in his sleep. Next
+day Galiot prays him to stay longer, and he consents on condition that a
+boon may be granted him, which is immediately acceded to without further
+question. He then requests Galiot to submit himself to Arthur, and to
+confess himself vanquished, a&nbsp;demand which so amazes that chieftain
+that he at first refuses, yet succeeds in persuading Lancelot to remain
+with him a little longer. The day after, preparations are made for
+another battle, on which occasion Lancelot wears Galiot’s armour, and is
+at first mistaken for him, till Sir Gawain’s acute vision detects that
+the armour
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_xiv" id = "intro_xiv">xiv</a></span>
+really encases the black knight. As Lancelot now fights on Galiot’s
+side, it may easily be imagined how utter and complete is the defeat of
+Arthur’s army, which was before victorious owing to his aid only; and we
+are told that Arthur is ready to kill himself out of pure grief and
+chagrin, whilst Sir Gawain swoons so repeatedly, for the same reason, as
+to cause the most serious fears to be entertained for his life. At this
+sorrowful juncture Lancelot again claims his boon of Galiot, who, in the
+very moment of victory, determines at last to grant it, and most humbly
+sues for mercy at the hands of Arthur, to that king’s most intense
+astonishment. By this very unexpected turn of affairs, the scene of
+dolour is changed to one of unalloyed joy, and peace is immediately
+agreed upon, to the satisfaction of all but some true-bred warriors, who
+preferred a battle to a peace under all circumstances. Not long after,
+Galiot discovers Lancelot with eyes red and swollen with much weeping,
+and endeavours to ascertain the reason of his grief, but with small
+success. After endeavouring to comfort Lancelot as much as possible,
+Galiot goes to visit King Arthur, and a rather long conference takes
+place between them as they stand at Sir Gawain’s bedside, the queen
+being also present. In the course of it, Galiot asks Arthur what price
+he would pay to have the black knight’s perpetual friendship; to which
+Arthur replies, he would gladly share with him half of everything that
+he possessed, saving only Queen Guinevere. The question is then put to
+Gawain, who replies that, if only his health might be restored, he would
+wish to be the most beautiful woman in the world, so as to be always
+beloved by the knight. Next it is put to Guinevere, who remarks that Sir
+Gawain has anticipated all that a lady could possibly wish, an answer
+which is received with much laughter. Lastly, Arthur puts the question
+to Galiot himself, who declares that he would willingly, for the black
+knight’s sake, suffer that all his honour should be turned into shame,
+whereat Sir Gawain allows himself
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_xv" id = "intro_xv">xv</a></span>
+to be outbidden. The queen then obtains a brief private conference with
+Galiot, and prays him to obtain for her an interview with the black
+knight, who promises to do what he can to that end. He accordingly
+sounds the black knight upon the subject, and, finding him entirely of
+the same mind, does all he can to promote their acquaintance, and is at
+last only too successful; and at this point we may suppose the Scottish
+Romance to have stopped, if indeed it was ever completed. For some
+account of the Romance of Lancelot, I&nbsp;may refer the reader to
+Professor Morley’s English Writers, vol. i., pp.&nbsp;568-570, and 573;
+to “Les Romans de la Table Ronde,” par M.&nbsp;Paulin Paris; and to the
+Prefaces to the “Seynt Graal,” edited by Mr Furnivall for the Roxburghe
+Club, 1861, and “La Queste del Saint Graal,” also edited by the same for
+the same club in 1864. In the last-named volume short specimens are
+given from thirteen MSS. at Paris, ten of which contain the Romance of
+Lancelot. There are also manuscript copies of it in the British Museum,
+viz., MSS. Harl. 6341 and 6342, Lansdowne 757, and MS. Addit. 10293.</p>
+
+
+<h3><a name = "pref_dial" id = "pref_dial">
+III.&mdash;THE DIALECT OF THE POEM.</a></h3>
+
+<p>In coming to discuss the dialect, we find everywhere traces of
+considerable confusion; but it is not at all easy to assign a
+satisfactory reason for this.<a class = "tag" name = "tagP10" id =
+"tagP10" href = "#noteP10">10</a> Certain errors of transcription soon
+shew that the scribe had before his eyes an older copy, which he
+mis-read. Thus, in <a class = "line" href = "#line432">l.&nbsp;433</a>,
+we find “set,” where the older copy must have had “fet,” and which he
+must have mis-read as “ſet;” and again, in lines <a class = "line" href
+= "#line2864">2865</a>, <a class = "line" href = "#line2880">2883</a>,
+he has, by a similar confusion between “f” and “ſ,” written “firſt”
+instead of “fift.” It is most probable that the older copy was
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_xvi" id = "intro_xvi">xvi</a></span>
+written in the Lowland Scottish dialect (the whole tone of the poem
+going to prove this), as shewn by the use of <i>ch</i> for <i>gh</i>, as
+in <i>bricht</i> for <i>bright</i>, (unless this be wholly due to the
+scribe); by the occurrence of plurals in <i>-is</i>, of verbal
+preterites and passive participles in <i>-it</i>, and of words
+peculiarly Scottish, such as <i>syne</i> (afterwards), <i>anerly</i>
+(only), <i>laif</i> (remainder), <i>oft-syss</i> (oft-times), etc.
+Moreover, the Northern <i>r</i> is clearly indicated by the occurrence
+of such dissyllables as <i>gar-t</i>, <a class = "line" href =
+"#line2776">2777</a>, <i>lar-g</i>, <a class = "line" href =
+"#line2844">2845</a>, <i>fir-st</i>, <a class = "line" href =
+"#line2956">2958</a>, <a class = "line" href = "#line3072">3075</a>;
+with which compare the significant spellings <i>harrmful</i>, <a class =
+"line" href = "#line1944">1945</a>, and <i>furrde</i>, <a class = "line"
+href = "#line2580">2583</a>. But, on the other hand, it would appear as
+if either the author or the copyist had no great regard for pure
+dialect, and continually introduces Southern and Midland forms, mixing
+them together in an indiscriminate and very unusual manner. We find, for
+example, in line <a class = "line" href = "#line1764">1765</a>,</p>
+
+<div class = "verse">
+<p>“Be<i>ith</i> larg and iff<i>is</i> frely of thi thing,”</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>the Scottish form <i>iffis</i> (give) and the Southern <i>beith</i>
+in close conjunction; and we find no less than six or seven forms of the
+plural of the past tense of the verb “to be;” as, for example,
+<i>war</i> (<a class = "line" href = "#line3136">3136</a>), <i>veir</i>
+(<a class = "line" href = "#line816">818</a>), <i>ware</i> (<a class =
+"line" href = "#line824">825</a>), <i>waren</i> (<a class = "line" href
+= "#line3300">3301</a>), <i>veryng</i> (<a class = "line" href =
+"#line2968">2971</a>), <i>waryng</i> (<a class = "line" href =
+"#line440">443</a>), etc. If we could suppose that the scribe was not
+himself a Scotchman, we might in some measure account for such a result;
+but the supposition is altogether untenable, as the peculiar character
+of the handwriting (resembling that found, not in English, but in
+<i>French</i> MSS.) decides it to be certainly Scottish; as is also
+evident from the occurrence, in the same hand-writing, of a Scotticised
+version of Chaucer’s “Flee from the press.”</p>
+
+<p>The best that can be done is to collect a few instances of
+peculiarities.</p>
+
+<p>1. The broad Northumbrian forms <i>a</i>, <i>ane</i>, <i>baith</i>,
+<i>fra</i>, <i>ga</i>, <i>haill</i>, <i>hame</i>, <i>knaw</i>,
+<i>law</i>, <i>sa</i>, <i>wat</i>, although occasionally retained, are
+also at times changed into <i>o</i>, <i>one</i>, <i>boith</i>,
+<i>fro</i>, <i>go</i>, <i>holl</i>, <i>hom</i>, <i>know</i>,
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_xvii" id = "intro_xvii">xvii</a></span>
+<i>low</i>, <i>so</i>, and <i>wot</i>. Thus, at the end of <a class =
+"line" href = "#line3244">l. 3246</a>, we find <i>haill</i>, which could
+not have been altered without destroying the rime; but in <a class =
+"line" href = "#line3076">l.&nbsp;3078</a>, we find it changed, in the
+middle of the line, into <i>holl</i>. In <a class = "line" href =
+"#line3404">l.&nbsp;3406</a>, we find <i>sa</i>, but only three lines
+further on we find <i>so</i> twice.</p>
+
+<p>So, too, we not only find <i>tane</i> (taken), <i>gais</i> (goes),
+but also the forms <i>tone</i> and <i>goß</i>. See lines <a class =
+"line" href = "#line1068">1071</a>, <a class = "line" href =
+"#line1072">1073</a>.</p>
+
+<p>2. The true plural form of the verb is shewn by lines <a class =
+"line" href = "#line200">203</a>, <a class = "line" href =
+"#line204">204</a>,</p>
+
+<div class = "verse">
+<p>“Of quhois fame and worschipful dedis</p>
+<p>Clerkis into diuerß bukis <i>redis</i>,”</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>where alteration would have ruined the rime utterly; and the same
+termination (<i>-is</i>) is correctly used in the imperative mood,
+as,</p>
+
+<div class = "verse">
+<p class = "indent4">&mdash;&mdash;“ſo <i>giffis</i> ws delay” (<a class
+= "line" href = "#line460">l. 463</a>);</p>
+</div>
+
+<div class = "verse">
+<p>“And of thi wordis <i>beis</i> trew and stable” (<a class = "line"
+href = "#line1668">l. 1671</a>);</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>but the termination <i>-ith</i> is continually finding its way into
+the poem, even as early as in the fourth line,</p>
+
+<div class = "verse">
+<p>“<i>Uprisith</i> arly in his fyre chare;”</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>and in the imperative mood also, as,</p>
+
+<div class = "verse">
+<p>“<i>Remembrith</i> now it stondith one the poynt” (<a class = "line"
+href = "#line796">l. 797</a>).</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The most singular point of all, however, is this&mdash;that, not
+content with changing <i>-is</i> into <i>-ith</i> in the 3rd person
+singular, the scribe has done the same even in the 2nd person, thus
+producing words which belong to no pure example of any distinct dialect.
+Observe the following lines:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class = "verse">
+<p>“O woful wrech, that <i>levis</i> in to were!</p>
+<p>To schew the thus the god of loue me sent,</p>
+<p>That of thi seruice no thing is content,</p>
+<p>For in his court yhoue [= thou] <i>lewith</i> in disspar,</p>
+<p>And vilfully <i>sustenis</i> al thi care,</p>
+<p>And <i>schapith</i> no thinge of thine awn remede,</p>
+<p>Bot <i>clepith</i> ay and <i>cryith</i> apone dede,” etc. (<a class =
+"line" href = "#line84">ll.&nbsp;84-90</a>).</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Here <i>levis</i> is altered into <i>lewith</i>, not only
+unnecessarily, but quite wrongly. For similar mistakes, see <a class =
+"line" href = "#line1016">ll.&nbsp;1019</a>, <a class = "line" href =
+"#line1368">1369</a>, <a class = "line" href = "#line1384">1384</a>,
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_xviii" id = "intro_xviii">xviii</a></span>
+<a class = "line" href = "#line2200">2203</a>. For examples of correct
+usage, see <a class = "line" href = "#line1024">ll. 1024</a>, <a class =
+"line" href = "#line1336">1337</a>, <a class = "line" href =
+"#line1796">1796</a>, <a class = "line" href = "#line2200">2200</a>,
+<a class = "line" href = "#line2200">2201</a>.</p>
+
+<p>3. But the terminations which are used in the most confused manner of
+all are <i>-en</i>, <i>-yne</i>, and <i>-ing</i> or <i>-yng</i>. Thus we
+find the non-Scottish infinitives, <i>telen</i> (<a class = "line" href
+= "#line492">494</a>), <i>makine</i> (<a class = "line" href =
+"#line188">191</a>); the constant substitution of <i>-ing</i> for
+<i>-and</i> in the present participle;<a class = "tag" name = "tagP11"
+id = "tagP11" href = "#noteP11">11</a> a&nbsp;confusion between the past
+participial ending <i>-ine</i> (more correctly <i>-yn</i>), and the
+present ending <i>-and</i>, thus producing such forms as <i>thinkine</i>
+(<a class = "line" href = "#line32">34</a>), and <i>besichyne</i> (<a
+class = "line" href = "#line416">418</a>); and also a confusion between
+<i>-ing</i> and the past participial ending <i>-en</i>, as
+<i>fundyng</i> for <i>funden</i> (<a class = "line" href =
+"#line464">465</a>), <i>fallyng</i> for <i>fallen</i> (<a class = "line"
+href = "#line1216">1217</a>, <a class = "line" href =
+"#line1320">1322</a>, <a class = "line" href = "#line3264">3267</a>),
+<i>swellyng</i> for <i>swollen</i> (<a class = "line" href =
+"#line1220">1222</a>), and <i>halding</i> for <i>halden</i> (<a class =
+"line" href = "#line2256">2259</a>). We even find <i>-ing</i> in the
+infinitive mood, as in <i>awysing</i> (<a class = "line" href =
+"#line424">424</a>), <i>viting</i> (to know, <a class = "line" href =
+"#line408">410</a>), <i>smyting</i> (<a class = "line" href =
+"#line1324">1326</a>), <i>warnnyng</i> (<a class = "line" href =
+"#line1032">1035</a>), <i>passing</i> (<a class = "line" href =
+"#line2148">2148</a>), <i>ſchewing</i> (<a class = "line" href =
+"#line2736">2736</a>), etc.; and, lastly, it occurs in the plural of the
+indicative present, instead of the Midland <i>-en</i>; as in
+<i>passing</i> (<a class = "line" href = "#line1164">1166</a>),
+<i>biding</i> (<a class = "line" href = "#line2668">2670</a>), and
+<i>levyng</i> (<a class = "line" href = "#line3304">3304</a>).<a class =
+"tag" name = "tagP12" id = "tagP12" href = "#noteP12">12</a></p>
+
+<p>It may safely be concluded, however, that the frequent occurrence of
+non-Scottish infinitives must not be attributed to the copyist, since
+they are probably due rather to the author; for in such a line as</p>
+
+<div class = "verse">
+<p>“Of his desir to viting the sentens” (<a class = "line" href =
+"#line408">l. 410</a>),</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>the termination <i>-ing</i> is required to complete the rhythm of the
+line.</p>
+
+<p>In the same way we must account for the presence of the prefix
+<i>i-</i>, as in the line</p>
+
+<div class = "verse">
+<p>“Quharwith that al the gardinge was I-clede” (<a class = "line" href
+= "#line48">l. 50</a>).</p>
+</div>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_xix" id = "intro_xix">xix</a></span>
+
+<p>This prefix never occurs in vernacular Scottish; but we may readily
+suppose that this and other numerous Southern forms of words are due (as
+in Gawain Douglas and Lyndesay) to the author’s familiarity with
+Chaucer’s poems, as evinced by the similarity of the rhythm to
+Chaucer’s, and by the close resemblance of several passages. Compare,
+for instance, the first seventy lines of the Prologue with the opening
+passages of “The Flower and the Leaf,” and “The Complaint of the Black
+Knight;” and see notes to <a class = "line" href =
+"#line432">ll.&nbsp;432</a>, <a class = "line" href =
+"#line1608">1608</a>. Indeed, this seems to be the only satisfactory way
+of accounting for the various peculiarities with which the poem
+abounds.</p>
+
+<p>Mr J. A. H. Murray, in his remarks printed in the preface to Mr
+Lumby’s edition of “Early Scottish Verse,” comes to a similar
+conclusion, and I here quote his words for the reader’s convenience and
+information. “There is no reason, however, to suspect the scribe of
+<i>wilfully</i> altering his original; indeed, the reverse appears
+manifest, from the fact that the ‘Craft of Deyng’ has not been
+assimilated in orthography to ‘Ratis Raving,’ but distinctly retains its
+more archaic character; while in ‘Sir Lancelot,’ edited by Mr Skeat for
+the Early English Text Society, from the handwriting of the same scribe,
+we have a language in its continual Anglicisms quite distinct from that
+of the pieces contained in this volume, of which the Scotch is as pure
+and unmixed as that of the contemporary Acts of Parliament. With regard
+to the remarkable transformation which the dialect has undergone in Sir
+Lancelot, there seems reason, therefore, to suppose that it was not due
+to the copyist of the present MS., but to a previous writer, if not to
+the author himself, who perhaps affected <i>southernism</i>, as was done
+a century later by Lyndesay and Knox, and other adherents of the English
+party in the Reformation movement. The Southern forms are certainly
+often shown by the rhyme to be original, and such a form as <i>tone</i>
+for <i>tane</i> = taken, is more likely to have been that of a
+Northerner trying to write
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_xx" id = "intro_xx">xx</a></span>
+Southern, than of a Southern scribe, who knew that no such word existed
+in his dialect. The same may be said of the <i>th</i> in the second
+person singular. A&nbsp;Scotch writer, who observed that Chaucer said
+<i>he liveth</i>, where he himself said <i>he lyves</i>, might be
+excused for supposing that he would also have said <i>thou liveth</i>
+for the Northern <i>thow lyves</i>; but we can hardly fancy a Southern
+copyist making the blunder<ins class = "correction"
+title = "text has single for double quote">.”&nbsp;</ins></p>
+
+<p>4. We find not only the Northumbrian forms <i>sall</i> and
+<i>suld</i>, but also <i>shall</i>, <i>shalt</i>, and <i>shuld</i>.</p>
+
+<p>5. As regards pronouns, we find the Scottish <i>scho</i> (she) in
+<a class = "line" href = "#line1168">l.&nbsp;1169</a>; but the usual form
+is <i>sche</i>. We find, too, not only the broad forms <i>thai</i>,
+<i>thair</i>, <i>thaim</i>, but also <i>thei</i> (sometimes <i>the</i>),
+<i>ther</i>, and <i>them</i>. As examples of forms of the relative
+pronoun, we may quote <i>who</i>, <i>quho</i>, <i>whois</i>,
+<i>quhois</i> (whose), <i>quhom</i>, <i>qwhome</i> (whom), <i>quhat</i>,
+<i>qwhat</i> (what), and <i>whilk</i>, <i>quhilk</i>, <i>quhich</i>,
+<i>quich</i>, <i>wich</i> (which). <i>Wich</i> is used instead of
+<i>who</i> (<a class = "line" href = "#line384">l.&nbsp;387</a>), and we
+also find <i>the wich</i>, or <i>the wich that</i>, similarly employed.
+The nominative <i>who</i> does not perhaps occur as a <i>simple</i>
+relative, but has the force of <i>whoso</i>, or <i>he who</i>, as
+<i>e.g.</i>, in <a class = "line" href = "#line1100">l.&nbsp;1102</a>;
+or else it is used interrogatively, as in <a class = "line" href =
+"#line1172">l.&nbsp;1172</a>.</p>
+
+<p>6. Many other peculiarities occur, which it were tedious to discuss
+fully. It may suffice, perhaps, to note briefly these following. We find
+both the soft sound <i>ch</i>, as in <i>wich</i>, <i>sich</i>, and the
+hard sound <i>k</i>, as in <i>whilk</i>, <i>reke</i> (reach),
+<i>streke</i> (stretch), etc.; which are the true Northern forms.</p>
+
+<p><i>Mo</i> is used as well as <i>more</i>.</p>
+
+<p><i>Tho</i> occurs for <i>then</i> in <a class = "line" href =
+"#line3184">l. 3184</a>; and for <i>the</i> in <a class = "line" href =
+"#line244">l.&nbsp;247</a>.</p>
+
+<p><i>At</i> occurs as well as <i>that</i>; <i>atte</i> as well as <i>at
+the</i>, <a class = "line" href = "#line624">627</a>, <a class = "line"
+href = "#line1052">1055</a>.</p>
+
+<p>The short forms <i>ma</i> (make), <i>ta</i> (take), <i>sent</i>
+(sendeth), <i>stant</i> (standeth), are sometimes found; the two former
+being Northumbrian.</p>
+
+<p><i>Has</i> is used twice as a <i>plural</i> verb (<a class = "line"
+href = "#line480">ll. 481</a>, <a class = "line" href =
+"#line496">496</a>).<a class = "tag" name = "tagP13" id = "tagP13" href
+= "#noteP13">13</a></p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_xxi" id = "intro_xxi">xxi</a></span>
+
+<p><i>Ȝha</i> (yes) occurs in <a class = "line" href = "#line2840">l.
+2843</a>; but we also meet with <i>ȝhis</i>, or <i>yis</i>; with
+reference to which Mr Morris writes:&mdash; “The latter term was not
+much in favour with the people of the North. Even now <i>yes</i> sounds
+offensive to a Lancashire man. ‘Hoo cou’d naw opp’n hur meawth t’ sey
+<i>eigh</i> (yea) or <i>now</i> (no); boh simpurt on sed <i>iss</i>; th’
+dickons iss hur on him too. &mdash;<i>Tim Bobbin.</i>’” In fact, the
+distinction between <i>ȝha</i> and <i>ȝhis</i>, which I have pointed out
+in <i>William of Palerne</i> (Glossary, s.v. <i>ȝis</i>), viz., that
+<i>ȝha</i> merely assents, whilst <i>ȝhis</i> shews that the speaker has
+an opinion of his own, is in this poem observed. Thus, in <a class =
+"line" href = "#line2840">l.&nbsp;2843</a>, <i>ȝha</i> = “yes,
+I&nbsp;admit that I do;” but in <a class = "line" href =
+"#line512">l.&nbsp;514</a>, <i>yis</i> = “yes, but you had better do
+so;” in <a class = "line" href = "#line1396">l.&nbsp;1397</a>,
+<i>ȝhis</i> = “yes, indeed I will;” and in <a class = "line" href =
+"#line3404">l.&nbsp;3406</a>, <i>ȝis</i> = “yes, but I cannot accept
+your answer.”<a class = "tag" name = "tagP14" id = "tagP14" href =
+"#noteP14">14</a> The true distinction between <i>thou</i> and <i>ye</i>
+(<ins class = "correction"
+title = "printed in plain (non-italic) type"><i>William of Palerne</i></ins>, Pref. p.&nbsp;xli) is also
+generally observed. Thus the Green Bird, in the Prologue, considers the
+poet to be a fool, and calls him <i>thou</i>; but the clerks, in
+addressing Arthur (<a class = "line" href = "#line496">l.&nbsp;498</a>)
+politely say <i>ye</i>. And again, Amytans, when rebuking Arthur,
+frequently calls him <i>thou</i>, without any ceremony. Cf. <a class =
+"line" href = "#line656">ll.&nbsp;659</a>, <a class = "line" href =
+"#line908">908</a>, <a class = "line" href = "#line920">921</a>,
+<a class = "line" href = "#line2836">2839</a>, &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>As regards the vocabulary, we find that some Northumbrian terms have
+been employed, but others thrown aside. Thus, while we find the
+Northumbrian words <i>thir</i> (these), <i>traist</i> (trust),
+<i>newis</i> (neives, fists), <i>radour</i> (fear), etc., we do not, on
+the other hand, meet with the usual Scottish word <i>mirk</i>, but
+observe it to be supplanted by <i>dirk</i> (<a class = "line" href =
+"#line2468">l.&nbsp;2471</a>). So, again, <i>eke</i> is used in the
+sense of <i>also</i>, instead of being a verb, as more usual in Northern
+works. We may note, too, the occurrence of <i>frome</i> as well as
+<i>fra</i>, and the Scottish form <i>thyne-furth</i> (thenceforth) in
+<a class = "line" href = "#line2196">l.&nbsp;2196</a>.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_xxii" id = "intro_xxii">xxii</a></span>
+
+<p>The spelling is very various. We find even four forms of one word, as
+<i>cusynace</i>, <i>cusynece</i>, <i>cusynes</i>, <i>cwsynes</i>; and,
+as examples of eccentric spelling, may be quoted <i>qsquyaris</i>
+(squires, <a class = "line" href = "#line3204">l.&nbsp;3204</a>), whilst
+in <a class = "line" href = "#line3220">l.&nbsp;3221</a> we find
+<i>sqwar</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Both in the marginal abstract and in the notes I have chiefly aimed
+at removing minor difficulties by explaining sentences of which the
+construction is peculiar, and words which are disguised by the spelling.
+For the explanation of more uncommon words, recourse should be had to
+the Glossarial Index.</p>
+
+<div class = "footnote">
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteP1" id = "noteP1" href = "#tagP1">1</a>
+The volume contains other poems besides “Sir Lancelot.”</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteP2" id = "noteP2" href = "#tagP2">2</a>
+See Mr Lumby’s editions of “Early Scottish Verse” and “Ratis Raving,”
+both edited for the E.E.T.S. from this MS. Only the latter of these is
+in the hand-writing of V. de&nbsp;F.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteP3" id = "noteP3" href = "#tagP3">3</a>
+This refers to the edition printed in 1865. In executing the present
+reprint, the proof-sheets have been once more compared with the MS., and
+a very few insignificant errors have been thus detected and
+rectified.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteP4" id = "noteP4" href = "#tagP4">4</a>
+“As to the Romance of Sir Lancelot, our author [Gower], among others on
+the subject, refers to a volume of which he was the hero; perhaps that
+of Robert de Borron, altered soon afterwards by Godefroy de Leigny,
+under the title of <i>Le Roman de la Charrette</i>, and printed, with
+additions, at Paris by Antony Verard, in the year 1494.</p>
+
+<div class = "verse">
+<p>For if thou wilt the bokes rede</p>
+<p>Of Launcelot and other mo,</p>
+<p>Then might thou seen how it was tho</p>
+<p>Of armes,” etc.</p>
+<p class = "author">(<span class = "smallcaps">Gower</span>:
+<i>Confessio Amantis</i>, Book iv.)</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class = "continue"><i>Quoted from</i> Warton’s English Poetry, vol.
+ii., p. 234, <i>ed.</i> 1840. I&nbsp;quote this as bearing somewhat on
+the subject, though it should be observed that <i>Le Roman de la
+Charrette</i> is not the same with <i>Lancelot du Lac</i>, but only a
+romance of the same class. Chaucer also refers to Lancelot in his Nonnes
+Prestes Tale, l.&nbsp;392; and it is mentioned in the famous lines of
+Dante (<i>Inf.</i> v. 127)&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class = "verse">
+<p>“Noi leggevamo un giorno per diletto</p>
+<p>Di Lancilotto, come amor lo strinse,” &amp;c.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteP5" id = "noteP5" href = "#tagP5">5</a>
+He does not necessarily imply that the poet invoked was still alive; and
+we might almost suppose Petrarch to be meant, who was more proud of his
+Latin poem called “Africa” than of his odes and sonnets. See Hallam’s
+Literary History (4&nbsp;vols.), vol.&nbsp;i., p.&nbsp;85. But this is
+pure conjecture.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteP6" id = "noteP6" href = "#tagP6">6</a>
+But the French has “Cardueil.” See <a href = "#line2152">l.
+2153</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteP7" id = "noteP7" href = "#tagP7">7</a>
+Tytler’s History of Scotland (Edinburgh, 1841), vol. iv.,
+p.&nbsp;216.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteP8" id = "noteP8" href = "#tagP8">8</a>
+The French text does not say anything about “astronomy.” We may
+especially note the following lines, as <i>not</i> being in the French,
+viz., lines <a href = "#line1472">1473-1496</a>, <a href =
+"#line1520">1523-1542</a>, <a href = "#line1596">1599-1644</a>, <a href
+= "#line1656">1658-1680</a>, and the long passage <a href =
+"#line1752">1752-1998</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteP9" id = "noteP9" href = "#tagP9">9</a>
+See Appendix.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteP10" id = "noteP10" href =
+"#tagP10">10</a>
+For many valuable remarks upon the dialect of the poem I am indebted to
+Mr R.&nbsp;Morris.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteP11" id = "noteP11" href =
+"#tagP11">11</a>
+We find the true forms occasionally, as <i>obeisand</i> (<a href =
+"#line640">641</a>), <i>plesand</i> (<a href = "#line1728">1731</a>),
+<i>thinkand</i> (<a href = "#line2172">2173</a>), <i>prekand</i> (<a
+href = "#line3088">3089</a>), and <i>fechtand</i> (<a href =
+"#line3124">3127</a>). Compare the form <i>seruand</i> (<a href =
+"#line120">122</a>).</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteP12" id = "noteP12" href =
+"#tagP12">12</a>
+“The Scottish pronunciation of <i>-ing</i> was already, as it still is,
+<i>-een</i>; and the writer, knowing that the correct spelling of
+<i>dwellin</i>, for example, was <i>dwelling</i>, fancied also that
+<i>fallen</i>, <i>halden</i> (Sc. <i>fallyn</i>, <i>haldyn</i>) were
+<i>fallyng</i>, <i>haldyng</i>. Lyndesay and Gawain Douglas often do the
+same. Compare <i>gardinge</i> (<a href = "#line48">l.&nbsp;50</a>),
+<i>laiting</i> (<a href = "#line324">l.&nbsp;327</a>).”
+&mdash;J.&nbsp;A.&nbsp;H. Murray.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteP13" id = "noteP13" href =
+"#tagP13">13</a>
+“The plural in Scottish always ends in <i>-s</i> after a noun or when
+the verb is separated from its pronoun; we still say <i>the men hes</i>,
+<i>the bairns sings</i>, <i>them ’at cums</i>, not <i>have</i>,
+<i>sing</i>, <i>come</i>. Notice the frequent use of <i>th</i> for
+<i>t</i>, as in <a href = "#line496">l.&nbsp;497</a>, <i>Presumyth</i> =
+<i>presumit</i>, presumed, it being presumed.” &mdash;J.&nbsp;A.&nbsp;H.
+Murray. [Or, <i>presumyth</i> may be the pl. imperative, as in
+<i>Remembrith</i> (<a href = "#line796">l.&nbsp;797</a>), already
+noticed. &mdash;<span class = "smallcaps">Ed.</span>]</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteP14" id = "noteP14" href =
+"#tagP14">14</a>
+“This <i>ȝis</i> is the common form in the Scottish writers, though
+<i>ay</i> is largely the modern vernacular.” &mdash;J.&nbsp;A.&nbsp;H.
+Murray.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div class = "appendix">
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_xxiii" id = "intro_xxiii" href =
+"#notes_xxiii">xxiii</a></span>
+
+<h2><a name = "appendix" id = "appendix">APPENDIX.</a></h2>
+
+<hr class = "tiny">
+
+<h3>EXTRACTS FROM THE FRENCH ROMANCE<br>
+OF “LANCELOT DU LAC.”</h3>
+
+<p><span class = "firstword">As</span> it seems impossible to do justice
+to the story of Lancelot without giving due attention to the famous
+French Romance, and since a portion of the French text is really
+necessary to complete even that fragment of it which the Scottish author
+proposed to write, the following extracts have been made with the view
+of shewing (1)&nbsp;the general outline of the earlier part of the
+story, (2)&nbsp;the method in which the Scottish author has expanded or
+altered his original, and (3)&nbsp;the completion of the story of the
+wars between Arthur and Galiot.<a class = "tag" name = "tagA1" id =
+"tagA1" href = "#noteA1">1</a></p>
+
+
+<h4>I. Headings of the chapters of the French Romance, from its
+commencement to the end of the wars with Galiot.</h4>
+
+<p>[The commas are inserted by the present editor, and the expansions
+marked by italics.]</p>
+
+
+<div class = "french">
+
+<p>¶ Cy commence la table du premier volume de la table ro<i>n</i>de
+lancelot du lac.</p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Claudas, king of Scotland, deprives king Ban and king Boort of their
+lands.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comment apres la mort de vterpandragon roy du royaulme de logres,
+&amp; apres la mort aramon, roy de la petite bretaigne, le roy claudas
+de la terre Descosse mena guerre contre le roy ban de benoic et le roy
+boort de gauues ta<i>n</i>t quil les desherita<a class = "tag" name =
+"tagA2" id = "tagA2" href = "#noteA2">2</a> de leurs terres.
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet. i.</span></p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_xxiv" id = "intro_xxiv" href =
+"#notes_xxiv">xxiv</a></span>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Claudas besieges Ban in the Castle of Trible.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comment le roy claudas assiegea le chasteau de trible auquel estoit
+le roy ban de benoic, et comment ilz parlementerent ensemble.
+<span class = "feuillet">f. i.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+King Ban, his wife, and his son Lancelot repair to the court of
+Arthur.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comment le roy ban de benoic, accompaigne de sa femme et de son
+filz lancelot, auecq<i>ue</i>s vng seul escuyer, se partirent du
+chasteau de trible pour aller querir secours deuers le roy Artus a la
+grant bretaigne.
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet ii.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The Castle of Trible is treacherously given up to Claudas.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comment apres ce que le roy ban fut party de son chasteau de
+trible, le seneschal a qui il auoit baille la garde trahit ledit
+chasteau, et le liura es mains du roy claudas.
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet. ii.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+King Ban dies of grief, and Lancelot is taken away by the lady of the
+lake.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comment le roy ban mourut de dueil quant il veit son chasteau
+ardoir et brouyr. Et comment la dame du lac emporta son filz lancelot.<a
+class = "tag" name = "tagA3" id = "tagA3" href = "#noteA3">3</a>
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet. iiii.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p class = "allclear">¶ Comme<i>n</i>t la royne helaine, apres que le
+roy fut mort et elle eut perdu son filz, se rendit nonnain en labbaye du
+monstier royal.
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet. v.</span></p>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The two sisters, widows of kings Ban and Boort, retreat to a
+monastery.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comment le roy de gauues mourut | &amp; co<i>m</i>ment la Royne sa
+femme, pour paour de claudas, sen partit de son chasteau pour aller au
+monstier royal, ou sa seur estait rendue, et comment ses enfans Lyonnel
+et Boort luy furent ostez.
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet vi.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p class = "allclear">¶ Comment la royne de Gauues, apres que son
+seigneur fut mort et que elle eut perdu ses deux enfans, se vint rendre
+au monastere ou estoit sa seur la royne de benoic.
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet vi.</span></p>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Merlin’s love for the lady of the lake.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comment merlin fut engendre du dyable: Et comment il fut amoureux
+de la dame du lac.
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet vii.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Sir Farien secretly nourishes the two sons of king Boort, and is made
+seneschal to king Claudas.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comme<i>n</i>t le cheualier farien, qui auoit tollu a la royne de
+Gauues ses deux enfans, les emporta en sa maison | et les feist nourrir
+vne espace de temps. Et comment le roy claudas fut amoureux de la femme
+du dict Farien | et pource le fist son seneschal.
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet viii.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Claudas accuses Sir Farien of treason.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comment le roy claudas fist appeller son cheualier farien de
+trahison par ladmonnesteme<i>n</i>t de sa femme, disant quil gardoit les
+deux enfans du roy boort de gauues.
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet. viii.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Claudas, in disguise, visits Arthur’s court.</p>
+
+<p>¶ comment le roy claudas en maniere de cheualier estrange, se partit
+du royaulme de gauues pour aller en la grant bretaigne a la court du roy
+artus pour veoir sa puissa<i>n</i>ce &amp; son gouuernement.
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet x.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The lady of the lake informs Lancelot that he is a king’s son.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comment la dame du lac bailla a lancelot vng maistre pour
+linstruyre comme il appartenoit a filz de roy.
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet xii.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p class = "allclear">¶ Comme<i>n</i>t la royne helaine alloit faire
+chascun io<i>u</i>r
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_xxv" id = "intro_xxv" href =
+"#notes_xxv">xxv</a></span>
+son dueil au lieu ou son seigneur mourut | et de la alloit au lac ou
+elle perdit son filz.
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet xv.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "allclear">¶ Comment le bon Religieux qui auoit dit nouuelles
+a la royne helaine de son filz lancelot, print conge de elle, et sen
+vint au roy artus en la grant bretaigne.
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet xvi.</span></p>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The lady of the lake seeks to deliver the sons of king Boort.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comment la dame du lac enuoya sa damoyselle a la court du roy
+claudas, pour delyurer les deux enfans au roy boort que claudas tenoit
+en prison.
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet xvii.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p class = "allclear">¶ Comment farien, seneschal du roy claudas par le
+comma<i>n</i>dement de son seigneur, alla querir en prison les deux filz
+au roy de Gauues.
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet xviii.</span></p>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Lyonnel and Boort wound king Claudas, and slay his son Dorin.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comment les deux enfans au roy de gauues blecerent le roy claudas,
+&amp; occire<i>n</i>t dorin son filz | et comment la damoyselle du lac
+les emmena en semblance de deux leuriers.
+<span class = "feuillet">fueil. xix.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p class = "allclear">¶ De la grant ioye et du grant honneur que la dame
+du lac fist aux deux enfans quant elle les veit en sa maison.
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet xx.</span></p>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Claudas bewails his son’s death.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comment le roy claudas mena tres grant dueil pour la mort de dorin
+son filz que boort auoit occis.
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet xx.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p class = "allclear">¶ Comment farien et le peuple de la cyte de gauues
+sesmeure<i>n</i>t contre le roy claudas a cause que il vouloit faire
+mourir les deux filz au roy boort de gauues.
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet. xxi.</span></p>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Farien saves Claudas’ life.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comment le roy claudas se partit de gauues | et comment ceulx dudit
+lieu le vouloient occire, se neust este farien le bo<i>n</i> cheualier.
+<span class = "feuillet">f. xxiii.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p class = "allclear">¶ Comment le roy claudas se deffendit vaillamment
+contre ceulx de Gauues qui le vouloyent occire.
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet. xxv.</span></p>
+
+<p>¶ Comment lyonnel et boort perdirent le boire et le manger pource
+quilz ne scauoyent nouuelles de leur maistres | lesquelz estoyent
+demourez auec le roy claudas | &amp; comment la dame du lac enuoya vne
+sie<i>n</i>ne damoyselle a gauues pour les amener.
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet. xxvii.</span></p>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Leonce and Lambegues go to seek Lyonnel and Boort.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comment, par le conseil des baro<i>n</i>s de gauues: leonce &amp;
+lambegues sen allerent auecques la damoyselle pour veoir leurs seigneurs
+lyonnel et boort.
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet xxviii.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p class = "allclear">¶ Comment la dame du lac sen retourna apres ce
+quelle eut monstre a leonce et a lambegues les enfa<i>n</i>s du roy de
+gauues leurs seign<i>eu</i>rs, et comment lesditz cheualiers sen
+retournere<i>n</i>t a gauues.
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet xxx.</span></p>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Claudas meditates revenge.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comment le roy claudas retourna a gauues, po<i>u</i>r soy venger de
+la honte quon luy auoit faicte, et pour la mort de son filz.
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueil. xxxi.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_xxvi" id = "intro_xxvi" href =
+"#notes_xxvi">xxvi</a></span>
+
+<p class = "allclear">¶ Comment lappointement fut fait entre le roy
+claudas et les barons, par le moyen de farien et lambegues son nepueu.
+<span class = "feuillet">fueillet. xxxiii.</span></p>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Death of Farien.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comme<i>n</i>t farien | sa femme, et son nepueu lambegues sen
+partirent pour aller veoir lyonnel et boort, qui estoyent au lac | &amp;
+comment farien mourut.
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet xxxv.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The widow of king Boort sees her children and Lancelot in a vision, and
+dies.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comment les deux roynes menerent saincte vie au monstier royal | et
+comment celle de gauues veit ces deux enfans &amp; lancelot en aduision
+| et comment elle trespassa de ce siecle.
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet. xxxv.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Arthur holds a tournament, and Banin, son of king Ban, is the
+victor.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comment le roy artus assembla le iour de pasques tous ses barons,
+&amp; tint grant court a karahes, et comment banin le filleul au Roy ban
+emporta le pris du behourdys celluy iour.
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet. xxxvi.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The lady of the lake sends Lancelot to Arthur to be knighted, and
+provides for him white armour.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comment la dame du lac se pourpensa de mener lancelot au roy artus
+pour le faire cheualier,<a class = "tag" name = "tagA4" id = "tagA4"
+href = "#noteA4">4</a> et elle luy bailla armes blanches, et partit du
+lac a tout quarante cheualliers pour le conuoyer.
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet xxxvii.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Of the wounded knight who came to Arthur’s court.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comment vng cheuallier naure, lequel auoit vne espee fichee en la
+teste et deux tronco<i>n</i>s de lance parmy le corps,<a class = "tag"
+name = "tagA5" id = "tagA5" href = "#noteA5">5</a> vint a la court du
+roy artus | et comment la dame du lac le mena deuant le roy artus, et
+luy prya quil le fist cheualier.
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet xxxix.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Lancelot is knighted.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comment messire yuain, a qui le roy Artus auoit recomma<i>n</i>de
+lancelot, alla faire sa requeste audit roy artus, que le lendemain il
+fist ledit lancelot cheualier, et comment ledit lancelot defferra le
+cheualier naure.<a class = "tag" name = "tagA6" id = "tagA6" href =
+"#noteA6">6</a>
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet. xli.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+How the white knight defended the lady of Nohalt,</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comment la dame de noehault<a class = "tag" name = "tagA7" id =
+"tagA7" href = "#noteA7">7</a> enuoya deuers le roy artus, luy supplier
+q<i>u</i>il luy enuoyast secours contre le Roy de norhombellande qui luy
+menoit guerre. Et comment Lancelot requist au roy artus quil luy donnast
+congie dy aller | &amp; il luy octroya.
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet xlii.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and won the battle for her.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Co<i>m</i>ment le nouueau cheualier aux armes blanches vainquit la
+bataille pour la dame de noehault.
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet xliii.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p class = "allclear">¶ Comment lancelot apres ce quil se fut party de
+la dame de noehault, se co<i>m</i>batit auec vng cheualier qui lauoit
+mouille.
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet xlv.</span></p>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+How Lancelot conquered the “Sorrowful Castle.”</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comment lancelot conquist vaillamme<i>n</i>t par sa force et
+proesse le chasteau de la douloureuse garde q<i>ue</i> nul aultre ne
+pouoit conquerre.<a class = "tag" name = "tagA8" id = "tagA8" href =
+"#noteA8">8</a>
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet xlv.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+How Arthur hears of it, and sends Gawain to see if it is true.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comment les nouuelles vindrent au roy artus que la douloureuse
+garde estoit conquise par la cheualier
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_xxvii" id = "intro_xxvii" href =
+"#notes_xxvii">xxvii</a></span>
+aux armes blanches | Et le roy y enuoya messire gauuain pour en scauoir
+la verite.
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet xlviii.</span></p>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Gawain is imprisoned, and supposed to be dead.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comment messire Gauuain fut mys en prison | et comment le roy et la
+royne entrerent en la premiere porte de la | et la veirent des
+tu<i>m</i>bes ou il y auoit escript que monseigneur gauuain estoit mort,
+et plusieures aultres cheualiers.
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet. xlix.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Lancelot hears of Gawain’s imprisonment,</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comment vne damoyselle de lhostel de la dame du lac feist assauoir
+au cheuallier blanc que monseigneur gauuain &amp; ses compaigno<i>n</i>s
+estoyent emprisonnez par celluy qui auoit este seigneur de la
+douloureuse garde.
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet l.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and delivers him and his companions.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comme<i>n</i>t le blanc cheualier se combatit encontre celluy qui
+auoit este seigneur de la douloureuse garde, q<i>u</i>i tenoit en prison
+messire gauuain et ses compaignons.<a class = "tag" name = "tagA9" id =
+"tagA9" href = "#noteA9">9</a>
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet. l.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p class = "allclear">¶ Comment le cheuallier blanc emmena le cheualier
+conquis en vng hermitaige. et comment ledit cheualier conquis luy rendit
+audit hermitage gauuain &amp; ses compaignons.
+<span class = "feuillet">f. lii.</span></p>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Gawain returns to Arthur and his Queen at Douloureuse Garde.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comment messire gauuain et ses compaignons sen vindre<i>n</i>t par
+deuers le roy artus qui estoit a la douloureuse garde. Et comment le roy
+et la royne furent ioyeulx quant ilz les virent.
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet. liii.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Lancelot hears of the war to come between Arthur and Galiot.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comment le cheuallier blanc retourna a labbaye ou il auoit laisse
+ses escuyers | et comment il sceut lassemblee qui deuoit estre entre le
+roy artus et le roy doultre les marches, &amp; co<i>m</i>ment il
+conquist le cheualier qui disoit mieulx aymer le cheualier qui auoit
+naure que celluy qui lauoit este.<a class = "tag" name = "tagA10" id =
+"tagA10" href = "#noteA10">10</a>
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet. liiii.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Gawain goes to seek the white knight,</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comment messire gauuain se mist en queste pour trouuer le blanc
+cheuallier.<a class = "tag" name = "tagA11" id = "tagA11" href =
+"#noteA11">11</a> Et comment la meslee dentre les gens au roy des cent
+cheualiers et les gens de la dame de noehault fut appaisee.
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet lv.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+who is wounded in the battle against Galiot by the
+king-of-a-hundred-knights.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comment le blanc cheualier vainquit lassemble dentre les deux roys
+| et comme<i>n</i>t il fut naure du roy des cent cheualiers.
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet. lvi.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Arthur and Queen Genure return home.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comme<i>n</i>t apres que le cheualier qui auoit gangne le
+tournoyement dentre le roy doultre les marches sen fut alle, le roy
+artus &amp; la royne genieure se partirent pour aller en leurs pays.
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet lvii.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<p class = "allclear">¶ Comment messire gauuain se combatit a
+brehain-sans-pitie, et le rua par terre. et co<i>m</i>ment apres ilz sen
+allerent a la douloureuse garde: &amp; comment les deux pucelles que
+messire Gauuain menoit luy furent tollues.
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet. lviii.</span></p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_xxviii" id = "intro_xxviii" href =
+"#notes_xxviii">xxviii</a></span>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Lancelot ends the adventures of the “Sorrowful Castle.”</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comment lancelot print congie de son mire | et comment il mist a
+fin les aduentures de la douloureuse garde.
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet lx.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Lancelot is again victorious in the combat between Arthur and
+Galiot.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comment messire gauuain recouura les deux pucelles qui luy auoyent
+este tollues, Et comment lancelot vainquit la seconde assemblee dentre
+le roy artus &amp; le roy doultre les marches.
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet lxi.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Gawain returns to Arthur’s court.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comment messire gauuain retourna a la court du roy artus apres la
+seconde assemblee dentre le roy artus &amp; le roy doultre les marches,
+et comment lancelot vainquit le cheualier qui gardoit le gue.
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet lxiii.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+
+<h4>[<i>Here begins the Scotch Translation.</i>]</h4>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Arthur’s evil dreams.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comment le roy Artus songea plusieurs songes | et apres manda tous
+les saiges clercs de son royaulme pour en scauoir la signifiance.<a
+class = "tag" name = "tagA12" id = "tagA12" href = "#noteA12">12</a>
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet lxiiii.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Galiot defies Arthur.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comment le roy doultre les marches, nomme gallehault, enuoya
+deffier le roy artus<a class = "tag" name = "tagA13" id = "tagA13" href
+= "#noteA13">13</a> | et comment Lancelot occist deux geans empres
+kamalot.<a class = "tag" name = "tagA14" id = "tagA14" href =
+"#noteA14">14</a>
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet lxv.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Lancelot is assailed by forty knights, and imprisoned by the lady of
+Melyhalt.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comment lancelot occist vng cheualier q<i>u</i>i disoit moins aymer
+le cheualier naure que celluy qui lauoit naure.<a class = "tag" name =
+"tagA15" id = "tagA15" href = "#noteA15">15</a> | et comment il fut
+assailly de .xl. cheualliers, et mys en prison de la dame de
+mallehault.<a class = "tag" name = "tagA16" id = "tagA16" href =
+"#noteA16">16</a>
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet lxviii.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Lancelot, released from prison, is again victorious against Galiot.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comment gallehault assembla au roy artus vng iour durant que
+lancelot estoit en prison<a class = "tag" name = "tagA17" id = "tagA17"
+href = "#noteA17">17</a> | et comment le lendemain lancelot fut deliure
+de prison<a class = "tag" name = "tagA18" id = "tagA18" href =
+"#noteA18">18</a> | et vainquit lassemblee dentre les deux roys.<a class
+= "tag" name = "tagA19" id = "tagA19" href = "#noteA19">19</a>
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet lxvii.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Arthur is reproved by Amytans, and Galiot proposes a truce for a
+year.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comment le roy artus fut reprins de ses vices, et moult bien
+conseille par vng cheualier qui suruint en son ost<a class = "tag" name
+= "tagA20" id = "tagA20" href = "#noteA20">20</a> | Et comment
+gallehault donna tresues au roy Artus iusques a vng an.<a class = "tag"
+name = "tagA21" id = "tagA21" href = "#noteA21">21</a>
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet lxix.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Lancelot returns to the lady of Melyhalt.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comment lancelot, apres ce quil eut vaincu lassemblee, retourna en
+la prison de la dame de mallehault<a class = "tag" name = "tagA22" id =
+"tagA22" href = "#noteA22">22</a> | et comment elle le congneut,
+a&nbsp;son cheual et par les playes quil auoit, que cestoit celluy
+q<i>u</i>i auoit vaincu lassemblee.<a class = "tag" name = "tagA23" id =
+"tagA23" href = "#noteA23">23</a>
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet lxxii.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Gawain, with 39 comrades, departs to seek the red knight.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comment messire gauuain, soy quarantiesme de compaignons, se mist
+en queste pour trouuer le cheuallier qui auoit porte lescu vermeil a
+lassemblee dentre le roy artus et Gallehault.<a class = "tag" name =
+"tagA24" id = "tagA24" href = "#noteA24">24</a>
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet lxxii.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The lady of Melyhalt accepts Lancelot’s ransom.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comment la dame de mallehault mist a rancon le cheuallier quelle
+tenoit en prison, et le laissa aller quant elle veit quelle ne peult
+scauoir son nom.<a class = "tag" name = "tagA25" id = "tagA25" href =
+"#noteA25">25</a>
+<span class = "feuillet">fu. lxxiii.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_xxix" id = "intro_xxix" href =
+"#notes_xxix">xxix</a></span>
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The truce ended, Galiot again attacks Arthur.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Co<i>m</i>ment messire gauuain et ses compaignons retournerent de
+leur queste<a class = "tag" name = "tagA26" id = "tagA26" href =
+"#noteA26">26</a> | et comme<i>n</i>t apres les treues faillies
+galehault vint assembler co<i>n</i>tre le roy artus, &amp; tous ses gens
+en fure<i>n</i>t moult troublez.<a class = "tag" name = "tagA27" id =
+"tagA27" href = "#noteA27">27</a>
+<span class = "feuillet">fu. lxxiiii.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Galiot gains over the black knight.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Comment gallehault suyuit le cheuallier aux noires armes,<a class =
+"tag" name = "tagA28" id = "tagA28" href = "#noteA28">28</a> &amp; fist
+tant par belles parolles quil lemmena en son ost, dont le roy artus et
+tous ses gens en furent moult troublez.
+<span class = "feuillet">Fueillet lxxviii.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Lancelot induces Galiot to submit to Arthur.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Co<i>m</i>ment lancelot par sa prouesse conquist tout, et fist tant
+que gallehault crya mercy au roy artus.
+<span class = "feuillet">fu. lxxix.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The Queen and Lancelot meet.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Co<i>m</i>ment gallehault fist tant que la royne vit lancelot |
+&amp; co<i>m</i>ment ilz se arraisonnerent ensemble.
+<span class = "feuillet">fu. lxxxi.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The Queen knows Lancelot from his adventures that he tells her.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Co<i>m</i>ment la royne co<i>n</i>gneut lancelot apres ce
+q<i>u</i>il eut longuement parle a elle, &amp; quil luy eut
+co<i>m</i>pte de ses aduentures. &amp; co<i>m</i>ment la premiere
+acointance fut faicte entre la royne &amp; la<i>n</i>celot p<i>ar</i> le
+moyen de galehault.
+<span class = "feuillet">fu. lxxxii.</span></p>
+</div>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Galiot becomes acquainted with the lady of Melyhalt.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Co<i>m</i>ment la premiere acointance fut faicte de galehault &amp;
+de la dame de malehault par le moyen de la royne de logres, &amp;
+co<i>m</i>me[nt] lancelot &amp; galehault sen alloyent esbatre &amp;
+deuiser auecques leurs dames.
+<span class = "feuillet">fu. lxxxiiii.</span></p>
+</div>
+</div>
+
+
+<h4>II. The Chapter of the French romance from which the translator has
+taken the beginning of his First Book is here given, in order to shew in
+what manner he has treated his original. It begins at Fol. lxiii.
+<i>a</i>, col.&nbsp;1.</h4>
+
+<div class = "french">
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Arthur’s evil dreams.</p>
+
+<p class = "hanging">
+Comment le roy artus so<i>n</i>gea plusieurs songes, et apres manda tous
+les sages clercz de son royaulme pour en scauoir la signifiance.</p>
+
+<p class = "dropcap">OR dit le compte
+<span class = "sidenote">
+King Arthur being at Cardueil,</span>
+que le roy artus auoit longueme<i>n</i>t seiourne a cardueil.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+his knights are annoyed at meeting with no adventures.</span>
+
+Et pource ny auenoit mie gra<i>nde</i>ment de aduentures, il ennuya
+mo<i>u</i>lt aux compaignons du Roy de ce q<i>u</i>ilz auoient si
+longuement seiourne, &amp; ne veoient riens de ce quilz souloyent veoir.
+Principallement keu le seneschal en fut trop ennuye Et en parloit moult
+souuent, et disoyt deua<i>n</i>t le roy que trop estoit ce seio<i>ur</i>
+ennuyeulx, &amp; trop auoit dure. Le roy luy demande “Keu | q<i>ue</i>
+vouldriez vous que no<i>us</i> feissons?”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Sir Kay counsels that they should go to Camelot.</span>
+
+“Certes,” fait keu, “ie conseilleroye que nous allissions a kamalot |
+car la cite est plus aduantureuse
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_xxx" id = "intro_xxx" href =
+"#notes_xxx">xxx</a></span>
+q<i>ue</i> vous ayez | et la nous verrions souuent et orrions choses de
+merueilles que nous ne voyons pas icy. Nous auons seiourne ia icy plus
+de deux moys, et oncques ne y veismes gueres de choses aduenir.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+The king consents to go;</span>
+
+“Or alons donc,” fait le roy, “a Kamalot, puis que vous le
+co<i>n</i>seillez.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+but the same night dreams that all his hair falls off, which delays
+him.</span>
+
+Lendemain deust partir le roy | mais la nuyct luy aduint vne
+merueilleuse aduenture. Il songa q<i>ue</i> tous les cheueulx de sa
+teste cheoie<i>n</i>t, et to<i>us</i> les poilz de sa barbe, dont il fut
+moult espouente. Et p<i>ar</i> ce demoura encores en la ville.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+The third night after he dreams that all his fingers fall off except his
+thumbs.</span>
+
+La tierce nuyt apres il songa q<i>ue</i> il luy estoit aduis q<i>ue</i>
+tous les dois luy cheoie<i>n</i>t fors les poulces, &amp; lors fut
+pl<i>us</i> esbahy que deuant.</p>
+
+<p class = "dropcap">A Lautre nuyct songea
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Again, that all his toes fall off except his great toes.</span>
+il q<i>ue</i> to<i>us</i> les ortelz des piedz luy cheoient fors les
+poulces. de ce fut si trouble que plus ne peult.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+The Queen and his chaplain disregard the dreams;</span>
+
+“Sire,” fait son chappelain a q<i>u</i>i il lauoit dit, “ne vous chaille
+| car songes ne so<i>n</i>t pas a croire;” le roy le dit a la royne, et
+elle respo<i>n</i>d tout ainsi q<i>ue</i> luy auoit fait so<i>n</i>
+chappelain.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+but Arthur sends for his bishops, archbishops, and their wisest
+clerks;</span>
+
+“En verite,” dist il, “ie ne laisseray pas la chose ainsi” | il fait
+mander ses euesques et archeuesques q<i>u</i>ilz soie<i>n</i>t a luy au
+.ix iour ensuyuant a kamalot, &amp; q<i>u</i>ilz amainent auec eulx tous
+les plus sages clercz quils po<i>u</i>rroient auoir et trouuer.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+whom he imprisons till they shall tell him what the dreams mean.</span>
+
+A tant se part de cardueil &amp; sen va par les chasteaulx et par les
+citez | tant q<i>ue</i> au neufniesme iour est venu a kamalot, et aussi
+sont venus les clercz du pays. Il leur demande co<i>n</i>seil de son
+songe, <i>et</i> ilz elise<i>n</i>t dix des plus sages: le roy les fist
+bien enserrer, et dist que iamais nen sortiroient de priso<i>n</i>
+deuant quilz luy auroient dit la signifiance de son songe.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+After trying for nine days, they fail.</span>
+
+Ilz esprouuerent la force de le<i>u</i>r scie<i>n</i>ce par neuf iours,
+et puis vindre<i>n</i>t au roy, &amp; dirent quilz nauoient riens
+trouue. “Ai<i>n</i>si maist dieu,” dit le roy, “ia ainsi neschapperez.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+They twice obtain a delay of three days.</span>
+
+Et ils demande<i>n</i>t respit iusques au troisiesme iour ensuyuant, et
+il leur donne. Les .iii iours passez, ilz reuiennent deuant le roy, et
+dient que ilz ne peuent riens trouuer | et dema<i>n</i>dent encores
+autre delay | et ilz ont. Et de rechief vindrent pour demander aultres
+troys iours de dilacion, ainsi que le roy auoit so<i>n</i>ge de tierce
+nuyt en tierce nuyt. “Or sachez,” fait le roy, “q<i>ue</i> iamais plus
+nen aurez.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+The king threatens to slay them.</span>
+
+Quant vint au tiers iour ilz dirent quilz nauoient rien trouue; “ce ne
+vault rien,” fait le roy, “ie vous feray tous destruire se vous ne me
+dictes la verite;” et ils dirent. “Sire nous ne vous en scairions que
+dire<ins class = "correction" title = ". invisible">.”</ins> Lors se
+pense le roy quil leur fera paour de mort.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Five are to be burnt, and five hung.</span>
+
+Il fait fair vng grant feu, &amp; commanda en le<i>u</i>rs presences que
+les .v. y&nbsp;fusse<i>n</i>t
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_xxxi" id = "intro_xxxi" href =
+"#notes_xxxi">xxxi</a></span>
+mis, et que les autres cinq soyent penduz | mais priueeme<i>n</i>t
+deffent a ses baillifz quilz ne les menassent que iusques a la paour de
+mourir.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+The five who are to be hung, having the cords round their necks, offer
+to speak out.</span>
+
+Quant les ci<i>n</i>q qui furent menez aux fourches euerent les cordes
+entour leurs colz, ils eurent paour de mourir, et dirent, que se les
+aultres cinq le vouloyent dire, ilz le diroyent. La nouuelle vint au .v.
+que len menoit ardre | et ilz dire<i>n</i>t que, se les autres le
+vouloyent dire, ils le diroyent |
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+They stipulate not to be held as liars if their interpretations
+fail.</span>
+
+ils furent amenez ensemble deua<i>n</i>t le roy, et les plus sages
+dirent | “sire, nous vous dirons ce q<i>ue</i> no<i>us</i> auons trouue
+| mais nous ne vouldrions mie que vous nous tenissiez a menteurs se il
+ne aduenoit | car nous vouldrions bien quil nen fust rien, et voulons,
+comment quil en aduiengne, que vous nous asseurez q<i>ue</i> ia mal ne
+no<i>us</i> en aduiendra;” et il leur promet.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+The dreams mean that he will lose his land and his honour.</span>
+
+Lors dist lung de eulx qui pour tous parla. “Sire, sachez que ceste
+terre et tout honneur vo<i>us</i> conuie<i>n</i>dra perdre et ceulx en
+qui plus vous fiez vous fauldront; telle est la substa<i>n</i>ce et
+signifiance de voz songes.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Arthur asks if anything can avert such fate.</span>
+
+De ceste chose fut le roy moult effraye, “Or me dictes,” fait il, “sil
+est chose qui me<i>n</i> peult garantir.” “Certes,” fait le maistre,<ins
+class = "correction" title = "open quote missing"> “</ins>nous auons veu
+une chose | Mais cest si grande merueille que on ne le pourroyt penser,
+et ne la vo<i>us</i> oso<i>n</i>s dire.” “Dictes,” fait il, “seurement |
+car pis ne me pouez vous dire que vous mauez dit.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+He is told, “nothing, except the savage lion and the leech without
+medicine, by help of the counsel of the flower.”</span>
+
+“Sire, riens ne vous peult garder de perdre tout honneur terrien fors le
+lyon sauluaige, et le mire sans medecine, par le co<i>n</i>seil de la
+fleur, &amp; se no<i>us</i> semble estre si grande folie que nous ne
+losions dire | Car lyon sauluaige ne y peult estre, ne mire sans
+medecine | ne fleur qui parlast <ins class = "correction"
+title = "close quote printed after pipe, as shown">|”</ins> le roy est moult entreprins
+de ceste chose: mais plus en fait belle chiere que le cueur ne luy
+apporte.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Arthur goes to the chase.</span>
+
+Ung iour alla le roy chasser au boys bien matin | et mena auec luy
+messire gauuain, keu le seneschal, et ceulx qui lui pleust. Si laisse
+icy le compte a parler de luy, et retourne a p<i>ar</i>ler du cheualier
+dont messire Gauuain aporta le nom en court.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "dropcap">QVant<a class = "tag" name = "tagA29" id = "tagA29"
+href = "#noteA29">29</a> le cheuallier
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Lancelot on his wanderings.</span>
+qui lasse<i>m</i>blee auoyt vaincu se partast de la ou il se combatist a
+son hoste, il erra toute io<i>u</i>r sa<i>n</i>s autre aduanture
+trouuer. Il se logea la nuyt chiez une veufue dame a lyssue dune forest
+a cinq lieues angleches pres de kamelot.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+He meets an esquire,</span>
+
+Le cheualier se leua matin, et erra, luy et ses escuyers et sa
+damoyselle, tant q<i>u</i>il encontra vng escuyer.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+and asks him, “what news?”</span>
+
+“Varlet,” fait il, “scez tu nulles nouuelles?” “Ouy,” fait il,
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_xxxii" id = "intro_xxxii" href =
+"#notes_xxxii">xxxii</a></span>
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+“The queen,” he says, “is at Camelot.”</span>
+
+“ma dame la royne est icy pres a kamalot.” “quelle royne” fait <ins
+class = "correction" title = ". missing">il&nbsp;</ins>“Le fe<i>m</i>me
+au roy artus,” fait lescuyer.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Lancelot goes on till he sees a large house, a lady, and her
+damsel.</span>
+
+Le cheuallier sen part, et cheuauche tant quil treuue vne maison forte,
+et voit vne dame en son surcot, qui regardoit les prez et la forest |
+&amp; auoit auec elle vne damoiselle.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+He regards her fixedly.</span>
+
+Le cheuallier se arreste, et regarde la dame moult longuement tant quil
+oublie tout autre chose. Et maintenant passa vng cheuallier arme de
+toutes armes, qui luy dist.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+An armed knight, passing, asks him what he is regarding so
+closely.</span>
+
+“Sire cheualier, que attendez vous?” et celluy ne respo<i>n</i>d mot |
+car il ne la pas ouy. Et le cheualier le boutte, et luy demande quil
+regarde.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+He replies, that he looks at what pleases him.</span>
+
+“Je regarde,” fait il, “ce q<i>ue</i> me plaist: Et vous nestes mie
+courtois, qui de mo<i>n</i> penser me auez iecte.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+The knight asks if he knows who the lady is,</span>
+
+“Par la foy que vous deuez o dieu,” fait le cheuallier estrange,<ins
+class = "correction" title = "open quote missing"> “</ins>scauez vous
+bien qui la dame est que vous regardez?” “Je le cuyde bien scauoir,”
+fait le bon cheualier. “Et q<i>u</i>i este elle,” fait lautre.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+and he replies that he knows it is the queen.</span>
+
+“Cest ma dame la royne.” “Si maist dieu, estrangement la congnoissez,
+deables vous font bien regarder dames.” “Pourquoy,” faict il. “Pource
+que vous ne me oseriez suyuir par deuant la Royne la ou ie yroye.”
+“Certes,” faict le bon cheuallier, “se vous osiez aller la ou ie vous
+oseray suyuir, vous aurez passez de couraige tous les plus gra<i>n</i>s
+oseurs qui oncques furent.” A&nbsp;tant sen part le cheualier. Et le bon
+cheualier va apres.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+The stranger takes Lancelot home to lodge with him,</span>
+
+Et quant ilz ont vne piece alle, lautre luy dist, “vous he[r]bergerez
+ennuyt auec moy, et le matin ie vous meneray la ou ie vous diz;” et le
+bon cheuallier luy demande sil conuient ainsi faire. “Oy” | fait il. Et
+il dist que donc lottroyera il.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+and he is well entertained.</span>
+
+Il geut la nuyt chez le cheualier sur la riuiere de kamalot, et fut
+moult bien herberge, et sa pucelle | et ses escuyers.</p>
+</div>
+
+
+<h4>III. Our last extract will shew exactly where the Scottish poem
+suddenly ceases, and how the story was probably continued. For the
+latter purpose, four chapters of the French Romance are added beyond the
+point where the Scotch ends; and it is possible (judging from lines
+306-312 of the Prologue) that the author did not intend to go very much
+further. The passage begins, in the French copy, at Fol. lxxvii.
+<i>b</i>, col. 1; and, in the Scotch poem, at <a href =
+"#line3424">l.&nbsp;3427</a>.</h4>
+
+<div class = "french">
+<p>Lors descent de son cheual, et la baille au cheualier.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Galiot gives Lancelot his own horse,</span>
+
+Et celluy si y monte sans arrest. Et gallehault monta sur vng autre, et
+vient a son conroy |
+<span class = "sidenote">
+and gives orders to his own men.</span>
+Si prent auec
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_xxxiii" id = "intro_xxxiii" href =
+"#notes_xxxiii">xxxiii</a></span>
+soy les dix mille, et dit quilz voisent assembler deuant; “et vous,”
+fait il au roy vend, “viendres apres, si ne assemblerez mie si tost
+comme ceulx cy seront assemblez | mais quant les derrains de ceulx de
+dela seront venus, vous assemblerez, &amp; moy mesmes vous iray querir.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+He commands the trumpets to be sounded.</span>
+
+A tant amaine les dix mille pour assembler,<a class = "tag" name =
+"tagA30" id = "tagA30" href = "#noteA30">30</a> Et qua<i>n</i>t il fut
+entre en la bataille il fist sonner ses busines tant q<i>ue</i> tout en
+retentissoit.<a class = "tag" name = "tagA31" id = "tagA31" href =
+"#noteA31">31</a> Quant le noir cheuallier les ouyt venir, si luy sembla
+que gra<i>n</i>t effort de gens eut la, si se retrait vng pou vers les
+siens, et les appella entour luy, &amp; leur dist.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Lancelot harangues his men.</span>
+
+“Seigne<i>u</i>rs, vous estes tous amys du roy. Or y perra
+co<i>m</i>me<i>n</i>t vo<i>us</i> le ferez.”<a class = "tag" name =
+"tagA32" id = "tagA32" href = "#noteA32">32</a>
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Sir Yvain comforts Arthur’s soldiers.</span>
+
+Et messire yuain, qui les vit venir, dist a ses gens, “Or soyes tous
+asseurs q<i>ue</i> no<i>us</i> ne perdro<i>n</i>s au iourdhuy p<i>ar</i>
+force de gens.”<a class = "tag" name = "tagA33" id = "tagA33" href =
+"#noteA33">33</a> Et ce disoit il pource quil cuidoit q<i>ue</i> les
+gens gallehault fussent tous venus.<a class = "tag" name = "tagA34" id =
+"tagA34" href = "#noteA34">34</a></p>
+
+
+<p class = "dropcap">QVant les .x.m. de gallehault sassemblerent, si fut
+gra<i>n</i>de la noise, et moult en abbatent a le<i>u</i>r venir | mais
+qua<i>n</i>t messire yuain vint, si reco<i>n</i>forta mo<i>u</i>lt les
+gens du roy artus | et to<i>us</i> les fuyans retourne<i>n</i>t auec
+luy.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Galiot orders charge.</span>
+
+Et gallehault sen va arriere a son conroy, et commande q<i>ui</i>lz
+cheuauchent fermement | et quilz se frappent es gens du roy artus<a
+class = "tag" name = "tagA35" id = "tagA35" href = "#noteA35">35</a> de
+telle maniere<a class = "tag" name = "tagA36" id = "tagA36" href =
+"#noteA36">36</a> que nul dentreulz ne demeure a cheual<ins class =
+"correction" title = ". missing">&nbsp;</ins>“Vous estes to<i>us</i>
+frays. Or y perra comment vous le ferez.” A&nbsp;tant cheuauchent les
+conroys deuers le<i>u</i>rs ge<i>n</i>s, Car ilz auoyent ia du pire.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Galiot’s reserve arriving, his men awhile prevail.</span>
+
+Et quant le conroy de Gallehault fut venu, si changa moult laffaire |
+Car moult y auoyt grant effort de gens. Et fut a le<i>ur</i> venue le
+cheualier noir mis a terre.<a class = "tag" name = "tagA37" id =
+"tagA37" href = "#noteA37">37</a> Et aussi les six compaigno<i>n</i>s
+qui toute iour auoyent este pres de luy.<a class = "tag" name = "tagA38"
+id = "tagA38" href = "#noteA38">38</a>
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Galiot again remounts Lancelot.</span>
+
+Lors vint gallehault, qui le remonta sur le cheual mesmes ou so<i>n</i>
+corps seoit.<a class = "tag" name = "tagA39" id = "tagA39" href =
+"#noteA39">39</a> Et si tost comme il fut mo<i>n</i>te, il sen reuint a
+la meslee aussi frays comme il auoit le io<i>u</i>r este. Et
+qua<i>n</i>t il vint aux coups donner, tous ceulx qui le veoyent sen
+esmerueilloyent, Ainsi dura la bataille iusques a la nuyt.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Night arriving, the hosts retreat.</span>
+
+Et quant il vint au soir ilz se departirent | et toutesfoys les gens du
+roy Artus en eurent du meilleur.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Lancelot tries to depart unobserved,</span>
+
+Le bon cheualier se departit de lost le plus coyement quil peut,<a class
+= "tag" name = "tagA40" id = "tagA40" href = "#noteA40">40</a> et sen
+alla par vng chemin entre les prestz et vng tertre, et cuyda que nul ne
+le veist | mais Gallehault
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_xxxiv" id = "intro_xxxiv" href =
+"#notes_xxxiv">xxxiv</a></span>
+sen print tres bien garde,
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+but is followed by Galiot,</span>
+
+et picqua tant son cheual qui luy fut au deuant par vne adresse, et le
+vint rencontrer au pied du tertre. Si le salue, et dit ‘que dieu le
+co<i>n</i>duit.’ Et celuy le regarde en trauers, et luy a a moult grant
+peine re<i>n</i>du son salut. “Bel amy,” fait galehault, “qui estes
+vous?” “Sire,” fait il, “ie suis vng cheualier, ce pouez vo<i>us</i>
+veoir.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+who prays him to lodge with him for that night.</span>
+
+“Certes,” fait galehault, “cheualier estes vous meilleur qui soit |
+&amp; vous estes lhomme du monde que plus ie vouldroye honnourer,<a
+class = "tag" name = "tagA41" id = "tagA41" href = "#noteA41">41</a> et
+si vous suis venu prier que vous herbergez ceste nuyt auec moy.” Et il
+luy dist ainsi co<i>m</i>me sil ne lauoit huy veu, “Qui estes vous,
+sire, q<i>u</i>i me auez prie de me he[r]berger?” “Je suis gallehault,
+le sire de ces gens icy, vers qui vous auez au iourdhuy gara<i>n</i>ty
+le royaulme de logres, leq<i>ue</i>l ie eusse ia conquis se ne fust
+vostre corps.” “Comme<i>n</i>t” (fait il) “vous estes ennemy de
+monseigneur le roy artus, et me priez de herberger? |
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Lancelot at first refuses, till Galiot agrees to do whatever Lancelot
+may require of him,</span>
+
+Auec vo<i>us</i> ne herbergeray ie mie en ce point.” “Haa sire,” faict
+gallehault, “plus feray ie pour vous, et si nay mye a commencer. Et ie
+vous prie que vous y herbergiez par tel conuena<i>n</i>t que ie feray
+tout ce que me scaurez requerre.” A&nbsp;tant se arresta le cheuallier,
+et dist a gallehault; “Sire, vo<i>us</i> promettez assez | mais ie ne
+scay co<i>m</i>ment il est du re<i>n</i>dre” | et gallehault luy dist.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+and promises to entertain him sumptuously;</span>
+
+“Sire, se vous he[r]bergez ennuyt auec moy, ie vous donneray tout ce que
+vous oserez diuiser de bouche, et bien vo<i>us</i> en feray seur,”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+whereupon they return together to Galiot’s camp.</span>
+
+Et lors luy fiance, &amp; apres luy promet bailler bons plaiges;
+Ado<i>n</i>c sen vo<i>n</i>t tous deux en lost.</p>
+
+<p class = "hanging">
+¶ Comment gallehault suyuit le cheuallier aux noires armes, et fist tant
+par belles parolles q<i>u</i>il le<i>m</i>mena en son ost, do<i>n</i>c
+le roy artus &amp; tous ses gens en furent moult troublez.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "dropcap">MEssire gauuain
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Gawain, seeing Lancelot with Galiot,</span>
+auoyt veu aller le cheuallier au noir escu, &amp; le eust voulentiers
+suiuy sil eust peu mo<i>n</i>ter a cheual.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+tells the Queen that now they are all lost;</span>
+
+Lors regarde contre val la riuiere, et voit gallehault et le cheuallier
+noir qui retournoyent pour venir a lost, et dist a la royne, “Haa dame,
+or pouons nous bien dire que nous sommes gens perdus | regardez que
+gallehault a conquis par scauoir,” Et elle regarde, &amp; voyt
+q<i>ue</i> cest le cheuallier noir q<i>ue</i> gallehault emmaine; si en
+est tant iree quelle ne peut dire mot.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+and swoons away more than three times.</span>
+
+Et messire gauuai<i>n</i> se pasme en pou dheure pl<i>us</i> de trois
+fois. Le roi artus vint leans | et ouyt le cry q<i>ue</i> chascun
+disoit, “il est mort, il est mort.” Si vint a luy, et lembrassa, et
+commenca a plorer mo<i>u</i>lt tendrement.
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_xxxv" id = "intro_xxxv" href =
+"#notes_xxxv">xxxv</a></span>
+Et reuient monseigneur Gauuain de pasmoison;
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+He tells Arthur that his time of misfortune is come;</span>
+
+Et quant il veit le roy artus, il commence a le blasmer, et dit. “Ores
+est venu le terme que les clercz vous disrent.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+for their protector is lost.</span>
+
+Regardez le tresor que vous auez huy perdu. celluy vous toldra terre qui
+toute iour la vous a garantie par son corps, et se vo<i>us</i> fussiez
+preudhomme vous leussiez retenu, ainsi comme a fait le plus preudhomme
+qui viue, qui par cy deuant lemmaine.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Arthur also sees Galiot, and is deeply grieved, but tries to comfort his
+nephew.</span>
+
+Lors voit le roy gallehault, qui emmenoit le cheuallier, dont il a tel
+dueil que a pou quil ne est cheut | mais de plorer ne se peut tenir, et
+toutesfois faict il la plus belle chere q<i>u</i>il peut pour son nepueu
+reconforter. Et si tost q<i>ue</i> il vit en la salle, il fist
+gra<i>n</i>t dueil | aussi fist chascun preudhomme.</p>
+
+<p class = "dropcap">TAnt sont allez
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Galiot and Lancelot arrive at Galiot’s camp,</span>
+gallehault et le cheualier quilz sont venus empres lost, Adonc luy dist
+le cheualier,
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+and Lancelot asks to speak with the two men whom Galiot most
+trusts.</span>
+
+“Sire, ains que ie entre dedans vostre ost, faictes moi p<i>ar</i>ler
+aux deux pl<i>us</i> preudhommes que vous ayez et esquelz vous fiez le
+plus.” Et gallehault lottroye. Lors sen va en son tref, et prent deux
+des hommes du mo<i>n</i>de ou plus il se fie, et leur dist, “Venez auec
+moy et vous verrez le plus riche homme du monde.” “Comme<i>n</i>t,” font
+ilz, “nestes vous mie le plus riche qui soit au monde?”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Galiot takes him to the “first-conquest” king and the king of a hundred
+knights, and</span>
+
+“Nenny,” dist il | “mais ie le seray ains que ie dorme.” Ces deux
+estoyent le roy premier conquis | et le roi des cent cheualliers.
+Qua<i>n</i>t ilz virent le cheuallier, si lui firent moult grant ioye |
+Car ilz le congneurent bien par ses armes. Et le cheuallier leur demanda
+qui ilz estoient | et ilz se nommerent sicomme vous auez ouy | et il
+leur dist. “Seigneurs, vostre sire vous faict moult grant honneur | Car
+il dit que vous estes les deux hommes du monde que plus il ayme, et
+entre luy et moy a vne conuenance que ie vueil que vous oyez | Car il ma
+fiance que pour en nuyt herberger auec luy me donnera ce que ie luy
+vouldray demander.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Lancelot repeats to them his compact with Galiot,</span>
+
+Et gallehault dist | “vous dictes verite.” “Sire,” faict le cheuallier,
+“ie vueil encores auoir la seurte de ses hommes.” Et gallehault dist,
+“Dictes moy co<i>m</i>me<i>n</i>t.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+and takes their pledge that they will forsake Galiot if he breaks his
+agreement, and will go with himself (Lancelot).</span>
+
+“Ilz me fianceront,” fait le cheuallier, “q<i>ue</i> se vous me faillez
+de co<i>n</i>uenant, ilz vous guerpiront et sen viendront auec moy la ou
+ie diray,” Et gallehault dit que ainsi le veult | et il le fait
+fia<i>n</i>cer. Lors appella gallehault le roy premier co<i>n</i>quis a
+vne part, et luy dist. “Allez auant &amp; dictes a mes barons quilz
+assemblent maintenant a monstre si honnorablement comme ilz pourront, et
+gardez que en mon tref soient to<i>us</i> les deduys que le<i>n</i>
+pourra trouuer en
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_xxxvi" id = "intro_xxxvi" href =
+"#notes_xxxvi">xxxvi</a></span>
+tout lost.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Galiot orders all kinds of entertainments to be brought to his
+tent.</span>
+
+Lors sen va celluy au ferir des esperons, &amp; fist le commandement de
+son seigneur. Et gallehault tient le cheualier aux parolles, luy &amp;
+son seneschal, tant que le commandeme<i>n</i>t fust fait.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Twenty-eight kings, beside dukes and counts, come to the feast, and
+honour Lancelot as the flower of the knighthood of the world.</span>
+
+Si ne demoura gueres que encontre eulx vindrent deux cens barons qui
+tous estoient ho<i>m</i>mes de gallehault, .xxviii. roys, et les autres
+estoient ducz et contes; la fut le cheuallier telleme<i>n</i>t honnoure
+que oncques si grant feste ne fut pour vng homme mescongneu comme
+le<i>n</i> fit pour luy a celle fois | et disoie<i>n</i>t grans &amp;
+petis, “Bien viengnez, la fleur de la cheualerie du monde” | et il en
+auoit grant honte. Ainsi vindrent iusques au tref de gallehault, si ne
+po<i>u</i>rroient estre comtez les deduys et les instrumens qui leans
+estoient.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Lancelot is richly attired, and nobly served.</span>
+
+A telle ioye fut receu, et qua<i>n</i>t il fut desarme, gallehault luy
+fit apporter vne robe mo<i>u</i>lt riche, et il la vestit. quant le
+ma<i>n</i>ger fut prest, ilz se assirent a table, et furent noblement
+seruis, et le cheualier fut mo<i>u</i>lt honnoure.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "dropcap">APres manger
+<span class = "sidenote">
+After supper four beds are prepared, one larger than the rest, for
+Lancelot.</span>
+co<i>m</i>manda gallehault a faire quatre litz desquelz lung estoit plus
+grant que les aultres. Quant les litz furent si richeme<i>n</i>t
+atournez, gallehault maine le cheuallier coucher. Et dist. “Sire, vous
+gerrez icy;” “Et qui gerra de la?” fait le cheualier. “Quattre sergens,”
+faict gallehault, “qui vous seruiront | Et ie iray en vne chambre par
+dela, affin que vous soyez icy plus en paix.” “Haa, Sire, pour dieu,”
+faict il, “ne me faictes gesir plus ayse que ces aultres cheualiers |
+car tant ne me deuez a vilennir.” “Nayez garde,” faict galehault, “Car
+ia pour chose que vous faciez pour moi vo<i>us</i> ne serez tenu a
+villain.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Galiot awhile departs, and Lancelot falls asleep.</span>
+
+A ta<i>n</i>t sen part gallehault. Et le cheuallier commence a penser au
+grant honneur que gallehault luy faisoit. Si lenprise moult | puis se
+coucha, et tantost il sendormit | car moult estoit las;
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Galiot then returns, and lies near Lancelot,</span>
+
+Et qua<i>n</i>t gallehault sceut quil fut endormy, le plus coyement quil
+peut se coucha en vng autre lit empres luy | et es deux aultres litz se
+coucherent deux cheualiers, et nestoyent en la chambre que eulx quatre,
+sans plus.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+and hears how his guest murmurs in his sleep.</span>
+
+La nuyt se plaint moult le cheualier en son dormant, et gallehault loit
+bien, car il ne dormoit gueres. Ains pensa toute la nuyt a le retenir.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Next day they go to hear mass,</span>
+
+Lendemain le cheualier se leua et alla ouyr messe; et ia estoit
+gallehault leue | car il ne voulut mie que le cheualier laperceust.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+and Lancelot then demands his arms, wishing to depart.</span>
+
+Quant ilz vindrent du monstier, le cheualier demanda ses armes, &amp;
+gallehault dema<i>n</i>de pourquoy. Et il dist quil sen vouloit aller.
+Et gallehault luy dist. “Beau doulx amy, demourez | et ne cuydez mye que
+ie vous vueille deceuoir. Car vous
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_xxxvii" id = "intro_xxxvii" href =
+"#notes_xxxvii">xxxvii</a></span>
+noserez ia riens dema<i>n</i>der que vous nayez. Et sachez q<i>ue</i>
+vous pourriez bien auoir compagnie de plus riche homme que ie suis |
+mais vous ne laurez iamais a homme qui plus vous ayme.” “Sire,” faict le
+cheuallier, “ie demoureray donc puis quil vous plaist.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Galiot induces him to stay,</span>
+
+Car meilleure compaignie que la vostre ne pourroye ie mye auoir | Mais
+ie vous diray presenteme<i>n</i>t le don pourquoy ie demoureray auec
+vous | et se ie ne lay, ie ny demoureray ia.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+but again promises to do for him whatever he asks.</span>
+
+“Sire,” fait gallehault, “dictes seurement et vous laurez, se cest chose
+que ie puisse acomplir;”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Lancelot then demands that Galiot shall submit himself to Arthur.</span>
+
+Et le cheuallier appella ses deux plaiges et dist deuant eulx, “Je vous
+demande,” fait il, “q<i>ue</i> si tost que vous serez au dessus du roy
+artus, que vous luy alliez crier mercy si tost comme ie vous en
+semondray.” Quant gallehault lentent, si en est tout esbahy, et
+co<i>m</i>mence a penser. Et les deux roys luy dirent. “A&nbsp;quoy
+pensez vous icy endroit, de penser nauez mestier | car vous auez tant
+couru que vous ne pouez retourner.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Galiot is confounded, and ponders, but then grants Lancelot’s
+request.</span>
+
+“Comment,” faict Gallehault, “cuydez vous que ie me vueille repentir |
+se tout le mo<i>n</i>de estoit mien si luy oseroye ie bien
+do<i>n</i>ner. mais ie pensoye a vng seul mot quil a dit | mais ia dieu
+ne maist,” dist il, “se vous nauez le don | car ie ne pourroye riens
+faire po<i>u</i>r vous ou ie peusse auoir honte. Mais ie vous prye que
+ne me tollez vostre compagnie pour la donner a aultruy;” et le cheualier
+luy creanca. Ainsi demoura | et ilz se asseirent au manger qui estoit
+appreste. Si font moult grant ioye par tout lost du cheualier qui est
+demoure.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Lancelot remains with him another night.</span>
+
+Ainsi passerent celle nuyt. Lendemain gallehault et son compaignon
+allerent ouyr messe, et gallehault luy deist | “Sire, il est huy iour
+dassembler; voullez vous armes porter?” “Ouy,” dist il. “donc porterez
+vous les miennes,” fait gallehault, “pour le commencement.” Et il dist
+quil les porteroit voulentiers | “mais vous ne porterez armes,” feist il
+a gallehault, “si non comme mon sergent?” “Non,” dist il. Lors firent
+apporter les armes, &amp; armerent le cheuallier du fort haulbert, &amp;
+des chausses qui trop estoyent longues &amp; lees;
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Next day, the hosts are again armed for battle.</span>
+
+Lors se armerent les gens de gallehault. et pareillement les gens du roy
+Artus, &amp; passerent les lices de telz y eut. Touteffoys le roy auoyt
+deffendu que nul ne les passast. Si y eut de bonnes ioustes en pou
+dheure | si se assemblerent tous les ostz deuant la lice, &amp;
+commencerent a faire armes. Le roy artus estoit a son estandart, et
+auoit commande que ilz menassent la royne a sauluete se la descomfiture
+tournoit sur eulx | quant tous les ostz furent assemblez et le bon
+cheualier fust arme, si cuida
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_xxxviii" id = "intro_xxxviii" href =
+"#notes_xxxviii">xxxviii</a></span>
+chascu<i>n</i> que ce fust gallehault, &amp; disoyent tous.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Lancelot is at first mistaken for Galiot; but is recognized by
+Gawain.</span>
+
+“Voicy gallehault, voicy gallehault” | messire gauuain le
+co<i>n</i>gneust bien &amp; dist. “Ce nest mye gallehault | ains est le
+cheualier aux armes noires, le meilleur cheualier du mo<i>n</i>de” |
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Arthur’s men cannot stand against Lancelot.</span>
+
+&amp; si tost comme ilz furent assemblez, oncques ne se tint le roy
+Artus ne ses ge<i>n</i>s depuis que le cheualier y fut arriue | et trop
+se desco<i>n</i>fortoyent du bon cheualier q<i>u</i>i contre eulx
+estoit, si fure<i>n</i>t menez iusques a la lice. car trop estoient
+grans gens auec gallehault. au partir des lices ce tindrent vne piece et
+souffrirent lo<i>n</i>gueme<i>n</i>t | mais le souffrit ny peut riens
+valoir. Grant fut le meschief des gens au roy artus. et dit le compte
+q<i>ue</i> le cheualier neust mie moins de peine de tenir les gens de
+gallehault que ilz ne passassent oultre la lice quil auoit de chasser
+les gens au roy Artus. Et nompourtant moult les auoit supportez | &amp;
+il les eut mis oultre a force sil eust voulu | mais il demoura emmy le
+pas pour les aultres detenir.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Lancelot calls upon Galiot to keep his compact.</span>
+
+Lors regarda tout entour de luy, et commenca a hucher | “gallehault,
+gallehault.” et gallehault vient gra<i>n</i>t alleure, et dist. “bel
+amy, que voulez vous?” “quoy,” faict il, “ie vueil que mon conuenant me
+tenez;” “Par ma foy,” fait gallehault, “ie suis tout prest de lacomplir
+puis quil vous plaist.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Galiot rides forward, and finds Arthur ready to kill himself for grief,
+the Queen being escorted away by a guard of forty knights, and Gawain
+wishing to die.</span>
+
+Lors picque le cheual des esperons &amp; vient iusques a lestandart ou
+le roy artus estoit, q<i>u</i>i faisoit si tresgrant dueil que a peu
+quil ne se occioit pource quil estoit desconfit. Si estoit ia la royne
+mo<i>n</i>tee, et lemmenoyent quarante cheualliers. Et monseigneur
+gauuain, que on vouloit emporter en lictiere | mais il dit q<i>u</i>il
+aymeroit mieulx mourir en ce point que veoir toute cheualerie morte et
+honnye: si se pasma tellement que len cuydoit bien que il mourust
+incontinent.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+How Lancelot makes Galiot cry mercy to Arthur.</p>
+
+<p class = "hanging">
+¶ Comment lancelot par la prouesse conquis tout, et fist tant que
+galehault cria mercy au roy artus.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "dropcap">QVant le cheualier veit gallehault prest dacomplir
+son co<i>n</i>uenant, il iura bien que oncques si loyal compaignon ne
+fut trouue. Il en a telle pytie quil en souspire moult fort, &amp; dit
+entre ses dens.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Galiot demands to see King Arthur,</span>
+
+“Haa dieu, q<i>u</i>i pourra ce desseruir?” &amp; gallehault cheuauche
+iusq<i>ue</i>s a lestandart et demande le roy artus. Il vient auant
+mo<i>u</i>lt dolent &amp; esmaye comme celluy q<i>u</i>i tout honneur et
+toute ioye terrienne cuyde auoir perdue; Et quant gallehault le voit, si
+luy dit. “sire, roy artus, venez auant, &amp; nayez paour | car ie vueil
+a vous parler.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+and, at sight of him, dismounts, kneels to him,</span>
+
+et qua<i>n</i>t le roy louyt, il sesmerueille moult que ce peult estre;
+Et de si loing comme galehault le voit venir, il descend de son cheual
+et se agenouille, et dit.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+and submits himself to him humbly.</span>
+
+“Sire,
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_xxxix" id = "intro_xxxix" href =
+"#notes_xxxix">xxxix</a></span>
+ie vous viens faire droit de ce que ie vous ay meffait; si men repens,
+et me metz en vostre mercy.”</p>
+
+<p class = "dropcap">QVant le roy lentend,
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Arthur, overjoyed, praises God.</span>
+il a merueilleusement gra<i>n</i>t ioye, et lieue les mains vers le
+ciel, louant Dieu de ceste aduanture | et se le roy fait bonne chere,
+encores la faict meilleure Gallehault. et il se lieue de genoulx, &amp;
+sentrebaisent, en font moult grande chere lung a lautre. lors dist
+Gallehault | “sire, faictes vostre plaisir de moy | car ie metz en
+vostre saisine mon corps pour en faire ce que il vous plaira.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Galiot, first asking Arthur’s leave, dismisses his troops to their
+tents.</span>
+
+Et sil vo<i>us</i> plaist, ie yray retraire mes gens arriere, &amp; puis
+reuiendray a vous incontinent.” “Allez doncq<i>ue</i>s,” fait le roy |
+“car ie vueil parler a vous.” A&nbsp;tant sen part gallehault &amp;
+reuient a ses gens | &amp; les en faict aller. Et le roy enuoya apres la
+royne, qui sen alloit faisant grand dueil. et les messages cheuauchent
+tant que ilz lattaingnent | et sont venus a elle, &amp; luy comptent la
+ioye que aduenue leur est. Et elle ne le peult croire tant q<i>ue</i>lle
+voy les enseignes que le roy luy enuoye. ta<i>n</i>t coururent les
+nouuelles que monseign<i>eu</i>r gauuain le sceut, lequel en eut grant
+ioye sur tous les aultres, et dist au roy.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+The Queen and Sir Gawain rejoice greatly.</span>
+
+“Sire, comment a ce este?” “Certes, ie ne scay,” fait il: “mais ie croy
+que telle a este le plaisir de nostre seigneur.” moult est grande la
+ioye, &amp; moult se esmerueille chascun co<i>m</i>ment ce peult estre
+aduenu. Gallehault dist a son compaignon. “que voulez vous que ie face?
+iay fait vostre commandement; &amp; le roy ma dit que ie retourne | mais
+ie vous conuoyeray aua<i>n</i>t iusques a voz tentes.” “Haa sire,” fait
+le cheualier, “aincoys vous irez au roy &amp; luy porterez le plus grant
+honneur que vous pourrez.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Lancelot prays Galiot not to reveal where he is, and they return to
+their tents.</span>
+
+Et tant auez fait pour moy que ie ne le pourroye desseruir | mais tant
+vous prye, pour dieu | et pour lamour que vous auez a moy, que nul ne
+sache ou ie suis” | ainsi sen vont parlant iusq<i>ue</i>s a leurs
+tentes. chascun scait que la paix est faicte | mais plusie<i>ur</i>s en
+sont dolens | car mieulx aymassent la guerre que la paix. lors sont
+descenduz les deux compaignons, et si tost quilz furent desarmez,
+Gallehault print vne de ses meilleures robbes pour aller a la court. et
+feist cryer par tout son ost q<i>ue</i> chascun sen allast, fors tant
+seullement ceulx de son hostel.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Galiot commits his guest to the care of the two kings, and departs to
+speak with Arthur.</span>
+
+Apres appella les deux roys, et leur baille son compaignon, &amp; leur
+commande quilz facent autant de luy comme de son corps mesmes.
+A&nbsp;tant monte Gallehault, et sen va a la court du roy artus. Et le
+roy luy vint alencontre, et la royne qui ia estoit retournee, &amp; la
+dame de malehault auec plusieurs dames &amp; damoyselles.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Arthur and Galiot go together to the tower where Gawain lies ill.</span>
+
+A tant
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_xl" id = "intro_xl" href = "#notes_xl">xl</a></span>
+vont en la bretesche ou monseigneur gauuain gisoit malade. et quant il
+sceut que gallehault venoit, il sefforce de belle chere faire, comme
+celluy qui oncques mes ne lauoit veu de si pres.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Gawain welcomes Galiot.</span>
+
+lors luy dist | “bien soyez vous venu comme de celluy dont ie desiroye
+moult lacointance | car vous estes lhomme du monde qui plus doibt estre
+prise &amp; ayme a droit de toutes gens. Et ie cuyde que nul ne scait si
+bien congnoistre preudho<i>m</i>me co<i>m</i>me vous &amp; bien y a
+paru.” Ainsi parle messire gauuain a gallehault, &amp; il luy demande
+comment il luy est | et Gauuain dist. “Jay este pres de mort. mais la
+grant amour qui est entre vous &amp; le roy ma guery.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+The Queen, the King, and Gawain rejoice at Galiot’s coming,</span>
+
+Moult font grant ioye le roy artus &amp; la royne &amp; monseigneur
+gauuain de la venue de gallehault | et tout le iour ont parle de amour
+et daccointance. Mais du noir cheualier ne tiennent ilz nulles parolles
+| ains passent le iour a resiouyr lung lautre ta<i>n</i>t quil vint au
+vespre. Lors demande gallehault congie de ses gens aller veoir.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+but he, soon after, departs to see Lancelot for a short time, promising
+to return.</span>
+
+Et le roy le luy do<i>n</i>ne | “mais vous reuiendrez,” fait il,
+“inco<i>n</i>tinent;” et gallehault le luy octroye | si senreuient a son
+compaignon &amp; luy demande comment il a depuis fait | et il luy
+respondit que bien; “Sire,” fait gallehault, “comment feray ie |: le roy
+ma moult prie que ie retourne a luy, &amp; il me feroit mal de vous
+laisser en ce point.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Lancelot tells Galiot to do whatever Arthur wishes.</span>
+
+“Haa, sire cheualier, po<i>u</i>r dieu mercy, vous ferez ce q<i>ue</i>
+monseigneur le roy vouldra. car iamais a plus preudhomme que il est ne
+eustes accointance. Mais ie vueil que vous me donnez vng don.” Et
+gallehault luy dist.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+He charges Galiot again not to ask his name, but to tell him about
+Arthur.</span>
+
+“Demandez ce quil vous plaira | car ie ne vous escondiroye iamais;”
+“Sire,” fait il, “ie vous remercye. Vous me auez donne que vous ne me
+demanderez mon nom deuant q<i>ue</i> ie le vous diray.” “Et ie men
+tiendray a tant puis q<i>ue</i> vous le voulez,” dit gallehault. “Et ne
+doubtez pas que ce eust este la premiere chose que ie vous eusse
+demande, si men tairay a tant.” Lors luy demanda de laccointance du roy
+artus | mais il ne no<i>m</i>me mie la royne | et gallehault dit que “le
+roy est moult preudhomme, &amp; moult me poyse que ie ne lay congneu
+pieca | Car moult en feusse amende |
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Galiot praises the Queen,</span>
+
+mais ma dame la royne est sy vaillante que oncques plus honneste dame ne
+vey.” et quant le cheualier ouyt parler de la royne, si se embronche et
+commence a souspirer durement.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+and Lancelot sheds tears.</span>
+
+et gallehault le regarde et se esmerueille moult pource q<i>ue</i> les
+larmes luy cheoyent des yeulx, si commence a parler daultre chose.</p>
+
+<p class = "dropcap">QVant ilz ont longuement parle ense<i>m</i>ble, le
+cheualier noir luy dist.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Lancelot asks Galiot to return to Arthur, and to report to him all the
+conversation.</span>
+
+“Allez, si ferez a monseigneur
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_xli" id = "intro_xli" href =
+"#notes_xli">xli</a></span>
+le roy compaignie, et si escoutez sy vouz orrez de moy nulles parolles,
+&amp; vous me compterez demain ce que vous aurez ouy.” “Voulentiers,
+sire,” faict gallehault | lors le accolle, et dit aux roys. “Je vous
+baille en garde cest homme comme le cueur de mon ventre.” Ainsi sen va
+gallehault &amp; le cheuallier demeure en la garde de deux preu[d]hommes
+du pays de Gallehault | mais il ne fault mye demander sil fust honnore |
+car len faisoit assez plus pour luy quil neust voulu.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Lancelot sleeps with the two kings in Galiot’s tent;</span>
+
+celle nuyt geurent les deux roys au tref gallehault pour lamour du
+cheualier &amp; luy firent entenda<i>n</i>t quilz ny coucheroye<i>n</i>t
+mye | &amp; ilz le firent coucher ainsi que Gallehault auoit fait lautre
+nuyt.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+but awakes at midnight, and makes a great moaning.</span>
+
+Au commencement dormit le cheualier mo<i>u</i>lt fort, et qua<i>n</i>t
+vint a mynuit si comme<i>n</i>ca a soy tourner, et commenca a faire vng
+dueil si gra<i>n</i>t que tous ceulz qui entour luy estoyent sen
+esueillerent. Et en son refrain disoit souuent. “Haa chetif, que pourray
+ie faire?” Et toute nuyt demena tel deuil. Au matin se leuerent les deux
+roys le plus coyement quilz peurent | &amp; moult se merueillent quil
+pouoit auoir.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Galiot comes to see after Lancelot,</span>
+
+daultre part fut gallehault leue, &amp; vint a son tref veoir son
+compaignon. Il demande aux deux roys que son compaignon fait. Et ilz luy
+dient quil auoit toute nuyt mene grant dueil. Lors entre en la chambre
+ou il estoit, et si tost comme il le ouyt venir il essuye ses yeulx;
+Ado<i>n</i>c gallehault, cuidant que il dormist, saillist dehors de la
+cha<i>m</i>bre incontinent; apres le cheualier se leua.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+finds him with his eyes red and swoln,</span>
+
+Et gallehault vit que il auoit les yeulx rouges et enflez. Adonc le
+prent par la main, et le tyre a part, et luy dist. “Beau doulx
+compaignon, po<i>ur</i>quoy vous occiez vous ainsi? dont vous vient ce
+dueil que vous auez toute nuyt demene, &amp; le desplaisir que vous
+auez?
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+and conjures him to tell him what the matter is.</span>
+
+Je vous prye pour dieu que vous me diez la cause, et ie vous ayderay se
+nul homme mortel y peult co<i>n</i>seil mettre;”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Lancelot cries bitterly,</span>
+
+&amp; commence a plourer si durement comme sil veist mort la chose du
+mo<i>n</i>de que mieulx aymast. Lors est gallehault moult a malayse et
+luy dit, “Beau doulx compaignon, dictes moy vostre mescheance | car il
+nest nul homme au monde, sil vous auoit riens forfait, que ie nen
+pourchassasse vostre droit.” Et il dist que nul ne luy a riens meffait.
+“beau doulx amy, pourquoy menez vous doncq<i>ue</i>s si gra<i>n</i>t
+dueil? Vous poise il que ie vous ay fait mon maistre &amp; mo<i>n</i>
+compaignon?”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+and says that it is his heart, which has all the dread that it is
+possible for mortal heart to have.</span>
+
+“Haa,” fait il, “vous auez assez plus fait pour moy que ie ne pourroye
+desseruir, ne riens du mo<i>n</i>de ne me met a malaise que mon cueur,
+qui a toute paour que cueur mortel po<i>u</i>rrait
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_xlii" id = "intro_xlii" href =
+"#notes_xlii">xlii</a></span>
+auoir. Si doubte moult que vostre grant debonnairete ne me occie.” De
+ceste chose est gallehault moult a malayse, si reconforte son
+compaignon.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+They go to Mass,</span>
+
+Apres allerent ouyr masse.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+and Lancelot declares his belief that the Bread is the Body of
+Christ.</span>
+
+Quant vint q<i>ue</i> le prestre eut fait trois parties du corps de
+nostre seigneur, gallehault se trait auant, et tient son compaignon par
+la main, &amp; luy monstre le corps de nostre seigneur que le prestre
+tenoit entre ses mains; Puis luy dist. “doncques ne croyez vous pas bien
+que cest le corps de nostre saulueur?” “Voirement le croy ie bien,” fait
+le cheualier. Et gallehault luy dist. “beau doulx amy, or ne me mescreez
+mye que ces trois parties de chair que ie vois en semblance de pain, ia
+ne feray en ma vie chose q<i>ue</i> ie cuyde q<i>u</i>i vous ennuye:
+mais toutes les choses que ie scauray qui vous plairont, pourchasseray a
+mon pouoir.” “sire,” fait il, “grant mercys.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+After Mass, Lancelot bids Galiot go again to Arthur.</span>
+
+A tant se taisent iusques apres la messe | et lors demanda gallehault a
+son compaignon quil fera; “Sire,” fait il, “vous ne laisserez mie le roy
+en ce poi<i>n</i>t | ains yrez luy faire compaignie.” “Sire,” faict il,
+“grant mercys;” A&nbsp;tant sen part de luy, si le rebaille aux
+preudhommes de la court du roy artus. si fo<i>n</i>t de luy grant
+signeurie sicomme ilz peuent.</p>
+
+<p class = "dropcap">ET quant vint apres disner,
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+After dinner the King and Queen visit Gawain, and he asks Galiot who
+made peace between him and Arthur.</span>
+
+sy furent le roy &amp; la royne &amp; gallehault appuyez au lict de
+messire gauuain, tant q<i>ue</i> messire gauuain dist a gallehault.
+“Sire, or ne vous poise dune chose que ie vous dema<i>n</i>deray.”
+“Certes,” fait galehault, “non fera il.” “sire, celle paix qui fut entre
+vous &amp; mon oncle, par qui fut elle, par la chose au monde q<i>u</i>i
+plus vous aymez?”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+“A knight,” says Galiot. “But what knight?” asks Gawain.</span>
+
+“Sire,” fait il, “vous me auez tant coniure que ie le vous diray. Vng
+cheualier la fist.” “Et qui est le cheualier?” fait messire gauuain. “Si
+maist dieu,” fait gallehault, “ie ne scay.” “Qui fut celluy aux noires
+armes?” deist messire gauuain. “Ce fut,” fait il, “vng cheualier;”
+“Tant,” fait il, “en pouez vo<i>us</i> bien dire | mais acquitter vous
+conuient.” “Je me suis acquite de ce que me coniurastes. Ne plus ne vous
+en diray ores | ne rien ne vous en eusse ores dit, se vous ne me eussiez
+coniure.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+“The Black Knight,” answers the Queen; “show him to us.”</span>
+
+“Par dieu,” faict la royne, “ce fut le cheuallier noir | mais faictes le
+nous monstrer.” “Qui | moy, dame?” faict gallehault, “ie le vous puys
+bien monstrer sicomme celluy qui rie<i>n</i>s nen scait!” “Taisez vous,”
+fait la royne, “il est demoure auec vo<i>us</i>, &amp; hier porta voz
+armes.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+“I cannot,” says Galiot; “he is not from my country;”</span>
+
+“Dame,” fait il | “il est vray | mais ie ne le vys oncques puis que ie
+party du roy a la premiere fois.” “comment,”
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_xliii" id = "intro_xliii" href =
+"#notes_xliii">xliii</a></span>
+fait le roy, “ne le cognoissiez vous mye | ie cuydoye que il fust de
+vostre terre.” “Si maist dieu, non est,” fait gallehault. “certes,” fait
+le roy, “ne de la myenne non est il mye<ins class = "correction" title =
+". invisible">.”&nbsp;|</ins>
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+and Galiot will not disclose the knight’s name,</span>
+
+Moult tindrent longuement gallehault a parolle le roy et la royne pour
+auoir le nom du cheualier | mais plus nen peurent traire. et messire
+gauuain craint quil ne ennuye a gallehault, si dist au roy. “Or en
+laissez a tant le parler. certes le cheualier est preudhomme, &amp;
+pleust a dieu que ie luy ressemblasse.” Moult loe messire gauuain le
+cheualier. Si en ont la parolle laissee | et gallehault la recommence et
+dit.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+but asks Arthur if he ever saw a better knight, and what he would give
+to know him henceforth.</span>
+
+“Sire, veistes vous oncques meilleur cheuallier que celluy au noir
+escu?” “certes,” fait le roy, “ie ne vy oncques cheualier de qui ie
+aymasse mieulx laccointance po<i>u</i>r cheualerie;” “Non<ins class =
+"correction" title = ", invisible">,”</ins> | fait gallehault. “Or me
+dictes,” faict gallehault, “par la foy que vous deuez a ma dame
+q<i>u</i>i cy est, combien vous vouldriez auoir donne pour auoir son
+accointance a tousioursmais?”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+“Half of all I have, except my wife,” Says Arthur.</span>
+
+“Si maist dieu,” faict il, “ie luy partiroye la moytie de tout ce que ie
+po<i>u</i>rroye auoir, fors seullement de ceste dame.” “Certes,” fait
+gallehault, “assez y mettriez.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+“And what would you give, Gawain?”</span>
+
+Et vous, messire gauuain, se dieu vous doint sante que tant desirez,
+quel meschief en feriez vous pour auoir compaignie a si preudhomme?” Et
+qua<i>n</i>t messire gauuain lot, si pense vng petit comme celluy qui ne
+cuyde iamais auoir sante.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+“I should like to turn woman if he would love me all his life.”</span>
+
+“Se dieu me donnoit la sante que ie desire | ie vouldroye
+ore<i>n</i>droit estre vne des plus belles dames du monde, par conuenant
+quil me aymast to<i>us</i> les iours de sa vie.” “par ma foy,” fait
+gallehault, “assez y auez mis.” “Et vous, madame, quel meschef feriez
+vous par conuena<i>n</i>t que vng tel cheualier fust tousiours en vostre
+seruice?”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+“I can offer no more than Gawain,” says the Queen.</span>
+
+“par dieu,” fait elle, “messire gauuain y a mis toutes les offres que
+dame y peult mettre.” Et mo<i>n</i>seigneur gauuain &amp; tous aultres
+se commencerent a rire. “Gallehault,” fait messire gauuain, “qui tous
+nous auez adiurez par le serment que ie vous co<i>n</i>iuray, ores qui
+vouldriez vous y auoir mys?”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+“Well,” says Galiot, “I would turn all my honour into shame, for his
+sake.”</span>
+
+“Si maist dieu,” faict gallehault, “ie y vouldroye auoir tourne mon
+honneur a honte, par tel si q<i>ue</i> ieusse a tousioursmais vng si bon
+cheualier en ma compaignie.” “Sy maist dieu,” faict messire gauuain,
+“plus y auez mys que nous.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+So Gawain concludes that it was the Black Knight who brought about the
+peace.</span>
+
+et lors se pensa messire gauuain que cestoit le noir cheualier qui le
+paix auoit faicte | car pour luy auoit tourne son honneur a honte, quant
+il veit quil estoyt au dessus. Et le dist gauuain a la royne, &amp; se
+fut la cause do<i>n</i>t gallehault fut plus prise; Moult tindrent
+longuement parolles du cheualier.
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_xliv" id = "intro_xliv" href =
+"#notes_xliv">xliv</a></span>
+<span class = "sidenote">
+The Queen walks away with Galiot, tells him she loves him much, and
+prays him to let her see the Black Knight.</span>
+
+et la royne sadressa, et dist quelle sen voulloit aller vers la
+bretesche pour veoir les prez, et gallehault la conuoye: si le print la
+royne par la main &amp; luy dist. “Gallehault, ie vous ayme moult, &amp;
+il est vray que vous auez le cheualier en vostre baillie, &amp; par
+aduenture il est tel que ie le congnois bien; si vous prie si cher que
+vous auez mamour, que vous faciez tant que ie le voye.” “Dame,” fait
+gallehault, “ie nen ay encores nulle saisine | &amp; ne le vy puis que
+la paix fut faicte de moy &amp; du roy.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+He promises to do all he can for her;</span>
+
+Et se il estoit or en mon tref, si y conuiendroit il aultre voulente
+q<i>ue</i> le vostre &amp; que la mienne. Et bien saichez que tant me
+auez coniure q<i>ue</i> ie mettray tout le pouoir que ie pourray.
+co<i>m</i>ment vous pourrez parler a luy?”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+and the Queen says, “I shall be sure to see him if you try,</span>
+
+“se vous en faictes vostre pouoir,” fait elle, “ie le verray bien, &amp;
+ie men attens a vous, et faictes tant que ie soye vostre a tousiours:
+car cest vng des hommes du monde que ie verroye plus voulentiers.”
+“Dame,” fait il, “ie en feray mon pouoir.” “Grant mercys,” fait elle.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+for he is in your custody. Send and get him.”</span>
+
+“Or gardez que ie le voye au plus tost que vous pourrez | car il est en
+vostre baillie, ie le scay bien | et se il est en vostre terre, enuoyez
+le querre.” Atant sen part gallehault &amp; sen vient au roy.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Arthur wishes Galiot’s people and his own to be brought nearer to one
+another.</span>
+
+Et mo<i>n</i>seigneur gauuain &amp; le roy lui dient. “gallehault, ie
+suis deliure de mes gens, ores faictes approcher voz ge<i>n</i>s des
+nostres, ou ie feray approcher les nostres des vostres | Car nous sommes
+a priuee mesgnie.” “Sire,” faict gallehault, “ie feray approcher les
+miens daultre part de cest riuiere si que mon tref sera endroit le
+vostre, et sera vne nef appareillee en quoy nous passerons dicy la et de
+la icy.” “Certes,” fait le roy, “moult auez bien dit.”</p>
+
+<p class = "dropcap">LOrs sen va Gaillehault en sa tente,
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Galiot returns to Lancelot,</span>
+
+et trouue son compaignon mo<i>u</i>lt pensif. Il luy demande
+co<i>m</i>ment il a puis fait; Et il dist, “bien, se paour ne me
+mestriast.” et gallehault dist, “de quoy auez vous telle paour?” “que ie
+ne soye co<i>n</i>gneu,” dist il. “or nen ayez mie paour, car vous ny
+serez ia congneu, se vostre voulente ne y est;”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+tells him what the King, Gawain, and the Queen have said of him,</span>
+
+Lors luy compte les offres que le roy et messire gauuain ont faict pour
+luy, et ce que la royne dit | et comment la royne la tenu a grant
+parlement de le veoir | et comme il luy respondit. “et saichez que elle
+na de nully si tres grant desir de veoir comme de vous. Et
+mo<i>n</i>seigneur la Roy ma prye que ie face mes gens approcher | car
+nous sommes trop loing lung de lautre.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+and asks him what answer he shall give the Queen.</span>
+
+Or me dictes que vous voulez que je face | car il est en vostre
+plaisir.” “Je loue que vous facez ce que monseign<i>eu</i>r le roy vous
+prye;” “Et a ma
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_xlv" id = "intro_xlv" href =
+"#notes_xlv">xlv</a></span>
+dame que respondray ie, beau doulx amy?” “Certes,” fait il, “ie ne
+scay.” Lors commence a souspirer.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Lancelot sighs,</span>
+
+Et gallehault luy deist. “Beau doulx amy, ne vous esmayez point | mais
+dictes moy comment vous voulez quil soit | car bien saichez quil sera
+ainsi comme vous vouldrez | et ie aymeroye mieulx estre courrouce a la
+moytie du monde que a vous tout seul. ores me dictes quil vous en
+plaist.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+and says, “Whatever you advise.”</span>
+
+“Sire,” faict ledit cheualier, “ce que vous me louerez | car ie suis en
+vostre garde desormais.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+“There will be no harm in seeing her,” answers Galiot.</span>
+
+“Certes,” fait gallehault, “il me semble que pour veoir ma dame la royne
+il ne vous peult empyrer.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Lancelot says the matter must be managed secretly; and they agree that
+Galiot shall tell the Queen he has sent to seek for Lancelot.</span>
+
+Lors apperceut galehault assez de son penser, &amp; le tient si court
+quil luy octroye ce quil demande | “mais il conuiendra,” faict il, “que
+il soyt faict celeement, que nul ne le saiche | fors moy et vous.” Et
+gallehault dit que il ne se soulcye point. “Or dictes,” (fait le
+cheualier a gallehault,) “a&nbsp;ma dame que vous me auez enuoye
+querre.” “Sur moy en laissez le surplus,” dit Gallehault. Lors sen part
+a tant, et commanda ses trefz a tendre la ou il auoit en conuenant au
+roy | et son seneschal fist son commandement.</p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+How Guinevere and Lancelot meet and talk.</p>
+
+<p class = "hanging">
+¶ Comment gallehault fist tant que la royne veit Lancelot, Et comment
+ilz se araisonnerent ensemble, et parlerent de plusieurs choses.</p>
+
+<p class = "dropcap">A Tant sen partit gallehault
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+The Queen asks Galiot what he has done for her.</span>
+
+&amp; sen vient au tref du roy, &amp; si tost comme la royne le voit, si
+luy courut a lencontre, &amp; luy dema<i>n</i>de comment il auoit
+exploycte la besongne. “dame,” faict il, “ie en ay fait tant que ie
+craing que lamour de vostre pryere ne me tolle la chose du monde que ie
+ayme plus.” “Sy maist dieu,” faict elle, “vous ne perderez riens par moy
+que ie ne vous rende ou double | mais que y pouez vo<i>us</i>,” fait
+elle, “perdre?” “Celluy mesmes que vous demandez,” fait gallehault |
+“Car ie doubte quil ne se courrouce, et que ie ne le perde a tousiours.”
+“Certes,” faict elle, “ce ne pourray ie pas rendre | mais ia par moy ne
+le perderez, se dieu plaist. Et touteffoys dictes moy quant il viendra”
+|
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+“Sent to seek for your knight,” says he.</span>
+
+“dame,” fait il, “quant il pourra | car ie lay enuoye querre, et croy
+que il ne demourra mye longuement.” De leur conseil entendit ung peu la
+dame de mallehault qui sen prenoit garde et nen faisoit mye semblant.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Galiot returns to his men,</span>
+
+Lors sen partit gallehault et vient a ses gens qui estoyent logez la ou
+il auoit commande.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "dropcap">QVant il fut descendu,
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+and tells his Seneschal to bring Lancelot when he sends for him.</span>
+
+il parla a son Seneschal et luy deist | “quant ie vous enuoyeray querir,
+venez a moy, vous &amp; mon compaignon en ce lieu la.”
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_xlvi" id = "intro_xlvi" href =
+"#notes_xlvi">xlvi</a></span>
+Et le roy des cent cheualiers, qui son seneschal estoit, dist que
+mo<i>u</i>lt voulentiers feroit son commandement &amp; son plaisir.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Galiot then goes back to the Queen, says he thinks she will see her
+knight that evening, and appoints to meet her in an Orchard
+below.</span>
+
+Lors salua Gallehault son compaignon, et sen retourna a la court. Et
+quant la royne veit gallehault qui estoit venu, elle luy dist que il
+gardast bien et loyaulment ce quil luy auoit promis. Et il luy dist |
+“dame, ie cuyde que vous verrez ennuyt ce que vous auez tant desire.”
+Quant elle ouyt ce, si en fut moult ioyeuse, et moult luy ennuya ce iour
+pour sa voulente acomplir du desir q<i>ue</i> elle auoit de parler a
+celuy ou toutes ses pensees estoyent. Lors luy deist Gallehault, “nous
+yrons apres soupper en ce vergier la aual” | et elle luy octroye.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+After supper the Queen goes to the Orchard,</span>
+
+Quant ce vint apres souper, si appelle la royne | la dame de mallehault
+| et dame Lore de cardueil, une sienne pucelle, et sen vont tout droit
+la ou gallehault auoyt dit | et gallehault prent ung escuyer et luy
+dist.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+and Galiot sends for his Seneschal and the Knight,</span>
+
+“Va et dy a mon seneschal que il viengne la ou ie luy commanday.” Et
+celuy y va.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+who come.</span>
+
+Apres ne demoura guaires que le seneschal y vint, luy et le cheualier.
+Ilz estoye<i>n</i>t tous deux de grant beaulte; Quant ilz
+approchere<i>n</i>t, si congneut la dame de mallehault le cheualier
+comme celluy que elle auoyt eu maint iour en sa baillie. Et pource
+quelle ne vouloit mye que il la congneut, se embroncha, et ilz passent
+oultre. le seneschal les salue. Et gallehault dit a la royne. “Dame,
+lequel vous semble il que se soit?” | et elle dit.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+The Queen at first cannot think that either is the black knight,</span>
+
+“Certes, ilz sont tous deux beaulx cheualliers | mais ie ne voy corps ou
+il puisse auoir tant de prouesse que le noir cheualier auoit.” “or
+saichez, dame, que cest lung de ces deux” | a tant sont venuz auant, et
+le cheuallier tremble si que a peine peult saluer la royne, &amp; la
+royne sen esmerueille.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+but one is so bashful that she fixes on him,</span>
+
+lors se agenouillent eulx deux, et le cheualier la salue | mais cest
+moult pourement | car moult estoit honteux. Lors se pense la royne que
+cest il. Et gallehault dit au seneschal. “allez, si faictes a ces dames
+compaignie.” Et celluy fait ce que son sire luy comma<i>n</i>de.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+seats him by her, smiles on him, says she has so longed to see
+him,</span>
+
+A doncq<i>ue</i>s la royne prent le cheualier par la main &amp; le
+assiet iouxte elle. Sy luy fait moult beau semblant &amp; dit en riant.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+and now he must tell her who he is. “I don’t know,” he answers.</span>
+
+“Sire, moult vo<i>us</i> auons desire, tant que, dieu mercy et
+gallehault, vous voyons. et nonpourtant encores ne croy ie mye que ce
+soit celluy que ie demande | &amp; gallehault ma dit que cestes vous |
+&amp; encores vouldroye scauoir qui vous estes par vostre bouche mesmes,
+se vostre plaisir y estoit.” Et celuy dit que il ne scait | et oncques
+ne la regarda au visaige. Et la royne ce esmerueille que il peult auoir,
+tant quelle souspeconne une partie de ce quil a. Et gallehault, qui
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_xlvii" id = "intro_xlvii" href =
+"#notes_xlvii">xlvii</a></span>
+le voigt si honteux,
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Galiot leaves the two to themselves,</span>
+
+pense quil veult dire a la royne son penser seul a seul. lors sen vient
+messire gauuain celle part, et fait rasseoir les damoyselles pour ce que
+leuees sestoient encontre luy. Puis commence<i>n</i>t a parler de
+maintes choses.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+and the Queen asks the knight, “Are not you he who wore the black
+armour, and overcame everyone?”</span>
+
+Et la Royne dit au cheuallier, “Beau sire, pourquoy vous celez vous de
+moy? Certes il ne y a cause pourquoy; nestes vo<i>us</i> mie celluy qui
+porta les noires armes, et qui vainquist lassemblee?” “Dame, nenny” |
+“et nestes vous pas celluy qui porta lendemain les armes a gallehault?”
+“Dame, ouy;” “Do<i>n</i>c estes vous celluy qui vainquistes lassemblee
+qui fut faicte le premier iour par deuer<i>s</i> nous et par<a class =
+"tag" name = "tagA42" id = "tagA42" href = "#noteA42">42</a> deuers
+Gallehault?”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+“No, I am not,” saith he,</span>
+
+“Dame, non suis.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+refusing to praise himself.</span>
+
+Quant la royne ot ainsi parler le cheualier, a donc appercoit elle bien
+quil ne veult mie congnoistre quil eust vaincue lassemblee, si len prise
+mieulx la royne | car quant vng homme se loe luy mesmes, il tourne son
+honneur a honte | et quant aultruy le loe, adonc il est mieulx prise.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+“Then who made you a knight, and when?”</span>
+
+“Or me dictes,” fait la royne a lancelot | “q<i>ui</i> vous fist
+cheuallier?” “Dame,” fait il, “vous;” “Moy?” fait elle, “Et quant?”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+“You, at Kamalot, when the pieces of a spear were drawn out of the
+wounded knight,</span>
+
+“Dame,” fait il, “vous remembrez vous point quant vng cheuallier vint a
+Kamalot, lequel estoyt naure de deux troncons de lance au corps, et dune
+espee parmy la teste, et que vng varlet vi<i>n</i>t a co<i>ur</i>t en
+vng vendredy, et fut cheualier le dymenche, et deffera le cheuallier?”
+“De ce,” fait elle, “me souient il bien | et se dieu vous aist, feustes
+vous ce q<i>ue</i> la dame du lac amena en court vestu dune robe
+blanche?” “Dame, ouy.” “Et pourquoy dictes vous donc que ie vous fis
+cheuallier?” “Dame,” fait il, “ie dys vray | Car la coustume est telle
+que nul ne peut estre cheuallier sans ceindre espee.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+and you girded on my sword, thus knighting me,</span>
+
+Et celluy de qui il tient lespee, le faict cheuallier; de vous la tiens
+ie. Car le roy ne la me donna onques. Pour ce dis ie que vous me feistes
+cheualier.” De ce est la royne mo<i>u</i>lt ioyeuse | “ou vous en
+allastes vous au partir de co<i>ur</i>t?”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+and I went away to help the Lady of Noehault, and sent you two
+damsels.</span>
+
+“Dame, ie men allay pour secourir la dame de noehault;” “Et durant ce
+temps me mandastes vous riens?” “Dame, ouy | ie vo<i>us</i> enuoyay <ins
+class = "correction"
+title = "printed as shown: error for ‘deux’">peux</ins> pucelles.” “Il est vray,” dist la royne. “Et quant
+vous partistes de noehault, trouuastes vous nul cheuallier qui se
+reclamast de moy?”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Then I met a man, who said he was your knight,</span>
+
+“Dame, ouy; vng qui gardoit vng gue, et me dist que descendisse de
+dessus mon cheual et le vouloit auoir, et ie luy demanday a qui il
+estoit | et il dist a vous. Puis luy demanday apres, qui le commandoyt.
+Et il me dist quil nauoyt nul commandement que le sie<i>n</i>. Et
+adoncques remys le pied en lestrief et
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_xlviii" id = "intro_xlviii" href =
+"#notes_xlviii">xlviii</a></span>
+remontay |
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+and I fought him (for which I crave your pardon).</span>
+
+Car ie estoye ia descendu | et luy dis que il ne lauoyt point, et me
+combatis a luy. Et ie scay bien que ie vous fis oultraige, si vous en
+crie mercy” | “Certes a moy ne en feistes vous point | Car il nestoyt
+mye a moy | et luy sceuz mauluais gre de ce quil ce reclama de moy. Mais
+or me dictes on vous en allastes la?”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+After that I took the Sorrowful Castle, and there I saw you
+thrice,</span>
+
+“Dame, ie men allay a la douloureuse garde” | “&amp; qui la conquist?”
+“Dame, ie y entray” | “et ne vous y viz ie oncques.” “Ouy, plus de troys
+foys.” “Et en quel temps?” fist elle. “Dame,” fist il, “vng iour que ie
+vous demanday se vous vouliez leans entrer; Et vous deistes ouy | et
+estiez moult esbahye par semblant.” “Et quel escu portiez vo<i>us</i>?”
+“Dame, ie portay a la premiere foys vng escu blanc a vne bande de belif
+vermeille. Et lautre foys vng ou il y auoyt deux bendes” | “Et vous vys
+ie plus?”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+last when you thought you had lost Gawain and his companions,</span>
+
+“Ouy, la nuyt que vous cuidiez auoir perdu messire Gauuain et ses
+co<i>m</i>paignons, et que les gens cryoyent que le<i>n</i> me prenist;
+Je vins hors a tout mon escu a troys bendes.” “Certes,” faict elle, “ce
+poise moy | car se on vous eust detenu, tous les enchantements feussent
+demourez |
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+and I helped to deliver him from prison.”</span>
+
+Mais or me dictes, fustes vous ce qui iettastes messire <ins class =
+"correction"
+title = "printed as shown: elsewhere ‘Gauuain’">Gauain</ins> de prison?” “Dame, ie y ayday a mon pouoir.”
+“Certes,” faict elle, “en toutes les choses q<i>ue</i> vous me dictes ie
+nay trouue si non verite.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+The Queen asks the knight who was in the turret above his room
+there.</span>
+
+Mais or me dictes qui estoit en vne tournelle dessus la chambre
+monseigneur.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+“A damsel whom I never dishonoured,</span>
+
+“Dame, cestoyt vne pucelle que ie ne villennay oncques | Car ma dame du
+lac la me auoyt enuoyee | si me trouua en ceste tournelle | il fut assez
+qui la honnora pour moy.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+but I asked her not to leave till she saw my messenger or me, which I
+then forgot, and kept her there a very long time.”</span>
+
+Quant ie ouy nouuelles de monseigneur Gauuain, si en fut mo<i>u</i>lt
+angoisseux, et men party de la Damoyselle qui auecques moy debuoit
+venir, et luy priay que elle ne se remuast tant que elle eust mon
+messaige ou moy. Si fus si surprins de tresgrant affaire que ie loubliay
+| et elle fut plus loyalle uers moy que ie ne fus courtois vers elle |
+car oncques ne se remua iusques a ce q<i>ue</i>lle eut mes enseignes, et
+ce fut grant piece apres.”</p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+How the Queen knew Lancelot.</p>
+
+<p class = "hanging">
+Comment la royne congneut Lancelot apres q<i>u</i>il eut
+lo<i>n</i>guement parle a elle, et q<i>u</i>il luy eut compte de ses
+adue<i>n</i>tures. Et comment la premiere acointance fut faicte entre
+lancelot et la royne genieure par le moyen de gallehault.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "dropcap">QVant la royne eut parle de la damoiselle,
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+When she heard of this damsel the Queen knew it must be Lancelot,</span>
+
+si scait bien q<i>ue</i> cest La<i>n</i>celot. Si luy enquist de toutes
+les choses q<i>ue</i>lle auoit ouy de luy, et de toutes le trouua vray
+disa<i>n</i>t; “Or me dictes,” fait elle, “vous vy ie puis?” “Ouy, dame,
+telle heure que vo<i>us</i> me eustes
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_xlix" id = "intro_xlix" href =
+"#notes_xlix">xlix</a></span>
+bie<i>n</i> mestier | car ieusse este noye a kamalot se ne eussiez vous
+este.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+and asks him if he was the knight whom Daguenet took. He answers “Yes;”
+and that two rascals killed his horse, and <ins class = "correction"
+title = "printed as shown: elsewhere ‘Yvain’">Ywain</ins> gave him
+another.</span>
+
+“Comment! feustes vous celluy que daguenet le fol print?” “Dame, prins
+fus ie sans faulte.” “Et ou alliez vous?” “Dame, ie alloye apres vng
+cheuallier.” “Et vous combatistes vous a <ins class = "correction" title
+= "printed as shown, without punctuation">luy”</ins> | “dame, ouy.” “Et
+dillec ou allastes vous?” “Dame, ie trouuay deux grans villains que me
+occirent mo<i>n</i> cheual | mais messire yuain, qui bonne aduenture
+ayt, men donna vng.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+“Ah, then your name is Lancelot,” says she,</span>
+
+“Ha, ha,” fait elle, “ie scay bien qui vous estes; Vous auez nom
+lancelot du lac.” Il se taist. “Par dieu,” faict elle, “pourneant le
+celez | long temps a que messire Gauuain apporta nouuelles de vostre nom
+a co<i>ur</i>t;” Lors luy compta comment messire yuain auoit compte que
+la damoyselle auoit dit | cest la tierce. “Et anten quelles armes
+portastes vous?” “Vnes vermeilles.” “Par mo<i>n</i> chef cest verite.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+“and for what lady or damsel did you do such feats of arms the day
+before yesterday?”</span>
+
+Et auant hier pourquoy feistes vo<i>u</i>s tant darmes comme vous
+feistes?” Et il commenca a souspirer. “Dictes moy seurement | Car ie
+scay bien que pour aulcune dame ou damoyselle le feistes vous, et me
+dictes qui elle est, par la foy que vous me deuez.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+“For you, Lady; and for you I broke the three lances that your maiden
+brought me</span>
+
+“Haa, dame, ie voy bien quil le me conuient dire, cestes vo<i>us</i>.”
+“Moy?” faict elle. “Voire, dame.” “Pour moy ne ro<i>m</i>pistes vous pas
+les troys lances que ma pucelle vous porta?” “Car ie me mis bien hors du
+mandement, dame; ie fis pour elle ce q<i>ue</i> ie deuz, et pour vous ce
+que ie peux.” “Et combien a il que vous me aymez tant?” “Des le iour que
+ie fus tenu pour cheuallier, et ie ne lestoye mye” | “Par la foy que
+vous me deuez, dont vindrent ces amours que vous auez en moy mises?”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+for you had made me your <i>friend</i>, and said I was your knight in
+all lands, and bid me adieu as your own sweet friend.</span>
+
+“dame,” fait il, “vous le me feistes faire qui de moy feistes vostre
+amy, se vostre bouche ne me a me<i>n</i>ty.” “Mon amy!” faict elle,
+“comment?” “Dame,” fait il, “ie vins deuant vous quant ie eu prins
+congie monseigneur le roy | si vous commanday a dieu, et dis que ie
+estoye vostre cheuallier en tous lieux. Et vous me dictes que vostre amy
+et vostre cheuallier voulliez vous que ie feusse.
+
+<span class = "sidenote mynote">
+Printed as shown: inner and outer quotes both use double quotation
+marks.</span>
+
+Et ie dys, “a&nbsp;dieu! dame.” Et vous distes “a&nbsp;dieu! mon beau
+doulx amy!”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+That word has never left me, but always been my strength and
+wealth.”</span>
+
+Ce fut le mot qui preudhomme me fera, se ie le suis, ne oncques puis ne
+fus a si grant meschef que il ne men remembrast. Ce mot ma conforte en
+to<i>us</i> mes ennuys. Cest mot ma de tous maulx guary. Cest mot ma
+fait riche en mes pouretez;” “Par ma foy,” fait la royne, “ce mot fut en
+bo<i>n</i>ne heure dict | et dieu en soyt aoure | ne ie ne le prenoye
+pas acertes comme vous feistes, et a maint preudhomme ay ie ce dict ou
+ie ne pensay oncques riens que le dire.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+“Oh, but that was only an ordinary compliment,” says Guinevere, to tease
+him.</span>
+
+Mais la coustume est
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_l" id = "intro_l">l</a></span>
+telle des cheualliers que font a mainte dame semblant de telles choses
+dont a gueres ne leur est au cueur.” Et ce disoit elle po<i>ur</i> veoir
+de combien elle le pourroit mettre en malaise;
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+This grieves Lancelot so that he nearly faints, at which Galiot is
+greatly grieved,</span>
+
+Car elle veoit bien quil ne pretendoit a autre amour que a la sienne |
+mais elle se delectoyt a sa malaisete veoir, et il eut si grant angoisse
+que par vng pou q<i>u</i>il ne se pasma | &amp; la royne eut paour quil
+ne cheist, si appella gallehault, et il y vint acourant. Quant il voyt
+q<i>ue</i> son compaigno<i>n</i> est si courrouce, si en a si
+gra<i>n</i>t angoisse q<i>ue</i> plus ne peut. “Haa, dame,” fait
+gallehault, “vous le nous pourrez bien tollir, et ce seroit trop grand
+do<i>m</i>maige.” “Certes, sire, se seroit mo<i>n</i>;”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+tells the Queen that Lancelot is the gallantest and truest of
+men,</span>
+
+“Et ne scauez vous pour qui il a tant fait darmes?” faict gallehault.
+“Certes, nenny,” faict elle | “mais, se il est veoir ce qui ma este
+dict, cest pour moy;” “Dame, se maist dieu, bien len pouez croire | car
+aussi comme il est le plus preudho<i>m</i>me de tous les hommes | aussi
+est son cueur plus vray que tous aultres.” “Voireme<i>n</i>t,” fait
+elle, “diriez vous quil seroit preudhomme se vous scauiez quil a fait
+darmes puis quil fut cheuallier.” Lors luy compte tout ainsi
+co<i>m</i>ment vous auez ouy | “et saichez quil a ce faict seullement
+pour moy,” fait elle. Lors luy prie gallehault, &amp; dist.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+and prays her to have mercy on him.</span>
+
+“Pour dieu, dame, ayez de luy mercy, et faictes pour moy ainsi comme ie
+fis pour vous quant vous men priastes.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+“What mercy?” says she;</span>
+
+“Quelle mercy voulez vous que ien aye?” “Dame, vous scauez que <ins
+class = "correction"
+title = "printed as shown: error for ‘il’?">ie</ins> vous ayme sur toutes, et il a fait po<i>u</i>r vous plus
+que oncques cheualier ne fist po<i>u</i>r dame, et sachez que la paix de
+moy et de monseign<i>eu</i>r neust ia este faicte se neust il este.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+“there is nothing he can ask of me that I will not do; but he will not
+ask.”</span>
+
+“Certes,” faict elle, “il a plus faict pour moy que ne pourroye
+desseruir, ne il ne me pourroyt chose requerre dont ie le peuisse
+esconduyre | mais il ne me requiert de riens | ains est tant
+melencolieux que merueilles.” “Dame,” fait gallehault, “auez en mercy;
+il est celluy qui vo<i>us</i> ayme plus que soy mesmes. Si maist dieu,
+ie ne scauoye riens de sa voulente quant il vint, fors quil doubtoit de
+estre congneu, ne oncques plus ne men descouurit.” “Je en auray,” fait
+elle, “telle mercy comme vous vouldrez.” “Dame, vous auez fait ce que ie
+vous ay requis; aussi doy ie bien faire ce q<i>ue</i> vous me requerez.”
+Se dit la royne, “il ne me requiert de riens.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+“He does not dare,” answers Galiot, “but I will ask for him.”</span>
+
+“Certes, dame,” fait gallehault, “il ne ose | car le<i>n</i> ne aymera
+ia riens par amo<i>ur</i>s que len ne craigne | mais ie vous en prie
+pour luy, &amp; se ie ne vous en priasse, si le deussiez vo<i>us</i>
+pourchasser. Car plus riche tresor ne pourriez vous conquester.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+“Then I will grant it,” says Queen Guinevere. Galiot prays her to give
+Lancelot her love, and become his loyal lady all her life.</span>
+
+“Certes,”
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_li" id = "intro_li" href = "#notes_li">li</a></span>
+fait elle, “ie le scay bien et ie en feray tout ce que vous
+commanderez.” “Dame,” fait Gallehault, “grant mercy. Je vous prie que
+vous luy donnez vostre amour, et le retenez pour vostre cheuallier a
+tousiours, et deuenez sa loyalle dame toute vostre vie | et vous le
+aurez fait plus riche que se vo<i>us</i> luy auiez donne tout le monde.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+She promises to be Lancelot’s,</span>
+
+“Certes,” faict elle, “ie luy ottroye que il soyt mien | et moy toute
+sienne, et que par vous soyent amendez tous les meffaitz.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+and that she will do everything she is told.</span>
+
+“Dame,” faict Gallehault, “grant mercy. Or conuient il commencement de
+seruice;” “Vous ne deuiserez riens,” fait la royne, “que ie ne face.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+“Then kiss Lancelot before me,” says Galiot.</span>
+
+“Dame,” faict il, “grant mercy | donc baisez le deuant moy pour
+commencement de vrayes amours.” “Du baiser,” faict elle, “ie ne voy ne
+lieu ne temps | et ne doubtez pas,” faict elle, “que ie ne le voulsisse
+faire aussi voullentiers quil feroit | mais ces dames sont cy qui
+mo<i>u</i>lt se merueillent q<i>ue</i> no<i>us</i> auons tant fait, si
+ne po<i>ur</i>royt estre que ilz ne le vissent.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+This Guinevere agrees to do, if Lancelot wishes it.</span>
+
+Nompourtant, se il veult, ie le baiseray voullentiers.” Et il en est si
+ioyeulx que il ne peult respondre si non tant quil dict. “Dame,” faict
+il, “grant mercy” |
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Galiot says there is no doubt about Lancelot’s wish;</span>
+
+“dame,” faict Gallehault, “de son vouloir nen doubtez ia | Car il est
+tout vostre, bien le saichez, ne ia nul ne sen apperceuera; Nous troys
+serons ensemble ainsi comme se nous conseillions” | “Dequoy me feroye ie
+pryer” | faict elle | “plus le vueil ie que vous.” Lors se trayent a
+part, et font semblant de conseiller.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+and as he is bashful, the Queen takes him by the chin, and kisses him
+before Galiot. (The Lady of Mallehault sees her.)</span>
+
+La Royne voyt que le cheuallier nen ose plus faire, si le prent par le
+menton, et baise deuant Gallehault assez longuement. Et la dame de
+Mallehauli (<i>sic</i>) sceut de vray que elle le baisoyt. Lors parla la
+Royne qui moult estoyt sage &amp; vaillant dame.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Guinevere tells Lancelot that she is his, but charges him to keep the
+matter secret,</span>
+
+“Beau doulx amy,” faict elle, “tant auez faict que ie suys vostre; Et
+moult en ay grant ioye. Or gardez que la chose soyt celee. Car mestier
+en est. Je suys une des Dames du monde dont len a greigneur bien dict,
+Et se ma renommee empiroyt par vous, il y auroyt layde amour et villaine
+|
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+and Galiot too.</span>
+
+et vous, Gallehault, ie vous prye que mon honneur gardez | Car vous
+estes le plus saige | Et se mal men venoyt, ce ne seroyt si non par
+vous; Et se ien ay bien et ioye, vous me lauez donnee.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Galiot promises this,</span>
+
+“Dame,” faict Gallehault, “il ne pourroyt vers vous mesprendre, et ien
+ay bien faict ce que vous me commandastes. Or vous prye que faciez ma
+voulente ainsi comme iay fait la vostre;” “Dictes,” fait elle, “tout ce
+quil vo<i>us</i> plaira hardyment | car vous ne me scauriez chose
+comma<i>n</i>der que ie ne face.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+and asks Guinevere to make Lancelot his companion for ever.</span>
+
+“Dame,” faict il, “donc mauez vous ottroye que ie
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_lii" id = "intro_lii" href =
+"#notes_lii">lii</a></span>
+seray son compaignon a tousiours.” “Certes,” fait elle, “se de ce
+vo<i>us</i> failloit, vous auriez mal employe la peine que vous auez
+prinse pour luy et pour moy.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+She takes Lancelot’s hand, gives him to Galiot,</span>
+
+Lors prent le cheuallier par la main, et dict. “Gallehault, ie vous
+donne ce cheualier a tousiours sans ce que iay auant eu, et vous le me
+creancez ainsi” | et aussi le cheualier luy creance |
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+and says she has given him Lancelot of the Lake, son of King Ban.</span>
+
+“scauez vous,” fait elle, “Gallehault, que ie vous ay donne lancelot du
+lac, le filz au roy ban de benoic;” Ainsi luy a fait le cheualier
+congnoistre, qui moult en a grant honte.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+This gives Galiot more joy than ever he had before, as he had often
+heard how Lancelot was the gallantest knight in the world.</span>
+
+Lors a gallehault greigneure ioye quil neust oncq<i>ue</i>s | car il
+auoit maintesfois ouy dire, comme parolles vont, que cestoyt le meilleur
+cheualier et le plus preux du monde, et bien scauoit que le roy ban
+auoit este moult gentil ho<i>m</i>me, et moult puissant de amys et de
+terre.</p>
+
+<p class = "dropcap">AInsi fut faicte la premiere acointance de la royne
+et de lancelot par gallehault | et Gallehault ne lauoit oncques congneu
+que de veue, et pource luy fait creancer q<i>u</i>il ne luy demanderoit
+son nom tant quil luy dist, ou autre po<i>ur</i> luy. Lors se leuerent
+tous troys, et il anuytoit durement.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+By the bright moonlight they recross the meads towards Lancelot’s
+tent,</span>
+
+Mais la lune estoyt leuee, si faisoit cler | Si que elle luysoyt par
+toute la praerie | Lors sen retournerent a vne part contrement les prez
+droit vers le tref le cheualier, &amp; le seneschal et gallehault vint
+apres luy &amp; les dames ta<i>n</i>t q<i>u</i>ilz vindre<i>n</i>t
+endroit les te<i>n</i>tes de gallehault.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+and Galiot sends Lancelot there, while he conducts the Queen to Arthur’s
+tent,</span>
+
+Lors enuoya Gallehault son compaignon a son tref, et prent co<i>n</i>ge
+de la royne, et gallehault la conuoye iusques au tref du Roy. Et
+qua<i>n</i>t le roy les veyt, si demanda dont ilz venoyent.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+and tells him they have only been looking at the fields by
+themselves.</span>
+
+“Sire,” fait Gallehault, “nous uenons de veoir ces pres a si peu de
+compaignie comment vo<i>us</i> veez.” Lors se assient, et parlent de
+plusieurs choses; si sont la Royne et Gallehault moult ayses.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "dropcap">AV chef de piece se leua la royne, et sen alla en
+la bretesche; gallehault la conuoya iusq<i>ue</i>s la.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Galiot sees the Queen to her tower,</span>
+
+Puis la comma<i>n</i>de a dieu, et dist quil sen yroit gesir auec son
+compaignon. “Bien auez fait,” dit la royne, “il en sera plus ayse” | A
+tant sen part gallehault, et vient au roy prendre congie, et dist quil
+ne luy desplaise, et que il yra gesir auec les gens pource quil ny auoyt
+geu de grant piece, et dist.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+and then takes leave of Arthur and of Gawain,</span>
+
+“Sire, ie me doibz pener de faire leur voulente | car ilz me ayment
+moult.” “Sire,” fait messire gauuain, “vo<i>us</i> dictes bien, et len
+doit bien honnorer telz preudhommes q<i>u</i>i les a.” Lors sen part
+gallehault et vient a son compaignon;
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+and goes to Lancelot’s bed.</span>
+
+Ilz se coucherent to<i>us</i> deux en vng lict, et deviserent la une
+piece. Si nous laisserons ores a parler de gallehault &amp;
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_liii" id = "intro_liii" href =
+"#notes_liii">liii</a></span>
+de son compaignon, et dirons de la royne qui est venu en la
+bretesche.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "dropcap">QVa<i>n</i>t gallehault fut party,
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Queen Guinevere goes to the window to think,</span>
+
+la royne sen alla en vne fenestre, et comme<i>n</i>ce a penser a ce que
+plus luy plaisoyt. La dame de mallehault saprocha delle quant elle la
+vit seulle, et luy dist le plus priueement que elle peut.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+and the Lady of Mallehault asks her why four are bad company.</span>
+
+“Haa, dame! pourquoy ne est bonne la compaignie de quatre?”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+At first Guinevere will not hear this, but the Lady repeats it; the
+Queen asks why she says it, and the Lady asks pardon, as perhaps she has
+said too much.</span>
+
+La royne le ouyst bien, si ne dit mot, et fait semblant q<i>ue</i> riens
+nen ouyt. Et ne demoura gueres q<i>ue</i> la dame dist celle parolle
+mesmes; la royne lapella et dist. “Dame, pourquoy auez ce dit?” “Dame,”
+fait elle, “pardonnez moi, ie nen diray ores plus | car par aduenture en
+ay plus dit que a moy napartient | &amp; le<i>n</i> ne se doit mi faire
+plus priuee de sa dame que len est | car tost en acquiert on hayne.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+“No,” says Guinevere,</span>
+
+“Si maist dieu,” fait la royne, “vous ne me po<i>ur</i>riez rie<i>n</i>s
+dire do<i>n</i>t vous eussiez ma haine | ie vous tiens tant a saige et a
+courtoyse, que vous ne diriez riens qui fust encontre ma voulente |
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+“speak boldly out; I wish it.”</span>
+
+Mais dictes hardyment | Car ie le vueil, et si vous en prie.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+“Then I must say that I think four very good company. I&nbsp;saw the new
+acquaintance you made to-day, and know he is the man who loves you most
+in the world.</span>
+
+“Dame,” fait elle, “donc le vous diray ie | Je dy que moult est bonne la
+compaignie de quatre; Jay huy veu nouueau accointement q<i>ue</i> vous
+auez faict au cheuallier qui parla a vous la bas en ce vergier. Et scay
+bien que cest la personne du mo<i>n</i>de qui plus vous ayme, et vous ne
+auez pas tort se vous laymez | car vous ne pourriez vostre amour mieulx
+employer;” “Comment,” fait la royne, “le congnoissez vous?”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+I kept him a year and a half in prison, and gave him both the red and
+the black arms in which he won the tourneys;</span>
+
+“Dame,” fait elle, “telle heure a este ouen que ie vous en eusse bien
+peu faire refus comme vous en pouez ores faire a moy | car ie lay tenu
+vng an et demy en prison. Cest celluy qui vaincquit lassemblee aux armes
+vermeilles | &amp; celle de deuant hier aux armes noires, les vnes &amp;
+les autres luy baillay ie; Et quant il fut auant hier sur la riuiere
+pensif, et ie luy voulu mander q<i>ue</i> il fist vaillamment armes, ie
+ne le faisoye sinon pour ce que ie esperoye quil vous aymast; si cuydoye
+telle heure fust que il me aymast |
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+and I thought then that he loved me, but he soon undeceived me.”</span>
+
+Mais il me mist tost hors de cuyder, tant me descouurit de son penser.”
+Lors luy compta co<i>m</i>ment elle lauoyt tenu en prison an et demy |
+et pourquoy elle lauoit prins.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+The Queen answers, “But tell me why four are better company than
+three.”</span>
+
+“Or me dictes,” fait la royne, “quelle compaignie vault mieulx de quatre
+que de troys | car mieulx est vne chose celee par trois que par quatre.”
+“Certes non est cy endroit, et si vo<i>us</i> diray.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+“Because, though your knight loves you, he loves Galiot too, and they
+will not stay here</span>
+
+Vray est que le cheualier vous ayme, et aussi fait il gallehault, et
+desormais se confortero<i>n</i>t lung lautre en quelque terre quilz
+soient. Car icy ne sero<i>n</i>t ilz pas longuement: et vous
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_liv" id = "intro_liv">liv</a></span>
+demourerez cy toute seule, et ne le scaura nul fors vous |
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+long, but you will; and if you have no one else to tell your thought to,
+you will be forced to keep your faith to yourself; but if you will let
+me be a fourth, we can comfort one another.”</span>
+
+ne si ne aurez a qui descouurir vostre pensee, si porterez ainsi vostre
+faix toute seulle | mais sil vo<i>us</i> pleust que ie fusse la quarte
+en la compaignie entre nous deux dames, nous solacierons ainsi
+co<i>m</i>me entre eulx deux cheualiers feront, si en seriez plus aise.”
+“Scauez vous,” fait la royne, “qui est le cheuallier?” “Se maist dieu,”
+fait la dame, “nen<i>n</i>y.” “Vous auez bien ouy co<i>m</i>ment il se
+couurit vers moy.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Queen Guinevere agrees to this with great joy,</span>
+
+“Certes,” faict la royne, “moult estes apparceuante, et moult
+conuiendroit estre sage qui vous vouldroit rien embler, &amp; puis que
+ainsi est que vous lauez aperceu, et que vous me requerez la compagnie,
+vous laurez | mais ie vueil que vous portez vostre faix ainsi
+co<i>m</i>me ie feray le mie<i>n</i>.” “Dame,” faict elle, “ie feray ce
+que il vous plaira, pour ci haulte compaignie auoir.” “En verite,” faict
+la royne, “vous laurez | car meilleure compaignie que vous ne pourroye
+ie mye auoir,” “Dame,” fait elle, “nous serons ensemble toutes les
+heures quil vous plaira.” “Jen suys ioyeuse,” faict la Royne. “Et
+no<i>us</i> affermerons demain la compaignie de nous quattre.”
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+and tells the Lady that the knight is Lancelot of the Lake.</span>
+
+Lors luy compte de Lancelot, comment il auoyt ploure quant il regarda
+deuers elle, “et ie scay que il vous congneut, et saichez que cest
+lancelot du lac, le meilleur cheuallier qui viue.” Ainsi parlerent
+longuement entre elles deux | et font moult grant ioye de le<i>ur</i>
+accointement nouueau.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+At night the ladies sleep together,</span>
+
+Icelle nuyct ne souffrit oncques la Royne de logres que la dame de
+mallehault geust sinon auec elle | mais elle y geut a force. Car elle
+doubtoyt moult de gesir auec si riche dame;
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+and talk of their new loves,</span>
+
+Quant elles furent couchees si commencerent a parler de leurs nouuelles
+amours; La royne demanda a la dame de mallehault selle a[y]me nulluy par
+amours, et elle luy dict que nenny.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+the Lady of Mallehault saying that she never loved but one, and then
+only in thought (and that was Lancelot).</span>
+
+“Saichez, dame, que ie naymay oncques que vne foys, ne de celle amour ne
+fis ie que penser;” et ce dit elle de lancelot, quelle auoit tant ayme
+co<i>m</i>me femme pourroit aymer homme mortel | Mais elle nen auoit
+oncques aultre ioye eue, non pourtant ne dit pas que ce eust il este.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+The Queen thinks she will make the Lady and Galiot fall in love with one
+another.</span>
+
+La royne pensa quelle feroyt ses amours de elle et de gallehault, mais
+elle nen veult parler iusques a ta<i>n</i>t quelle scaura de gallehault
+sil la veult aymer ou non | car autrement ne len requerroit elle pas.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+Next morning they go to Arthur’s tent and wake him, and then return over
+the meadows</span>
+
+Lendemain se leuerent matin elles deux, &amp; allerent au tref du roy,
+qui gisoit la pour faire a monseigneur gauuain et aux aultres cheualiers
+compaignie. La royne sesueilla, &amp; dist, “que moult estoyt mauluais
+qui a ceste heure dormoyt.” Lors se tournerent contreual les prez, et
+dames et damoyselles
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_lv" id = "intro_lv">lv</a></span>
+auec elles.
+
+<span class = "sidenote">
+where the meeting with Lancelot took place, and the Queen tells the Lady
+of Mallehault all about it, and then praises Galiot as the wisest and
+best man in the world.</span>
+
+Et ils allerent la ou laccointement damours auoyt este faict, et dict la
+Royne a la dame de mallehault toute laccointance de lancelot | et comme
+il estoit esbahy deuant elle, et riens ne luy laissa a dire. Puis
+commenca a louer gallehault, et dit que cestoit le plus saige homme et
+le plus vertueulx du monde; “Certes,” fait elle, “ie luy compteray
+lacointance de nous deux quant il viendra, et sachez que il en aura
+gra<i>n</i>t ioye. Or allo<i>n</i>s | car il ne demourra gueres quil ne
+viengne.”</p>
+
+
+<h4>The rubric of the next chapter is as follows:</h4>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+How Galiot became acquainted with the Lady of Melyhalt.</p>
+
+<p>¶ Co<i>m</i>me<i>n</i>t la premiere acointa<i>n</i>ce fut faicte de
+gallehault et de la dame de malehault p<i>ar</i> le moye<i>n</i> de la
+royne de logres. Et comme<i>n</i>t lancelot &amp; gallehault sen
+alloie<i>n</i>t esbatre et deuiser auec leurs dames.</p>
+</div>
+<!-- end div french -->
+
+<p>It relates how Queen Guinevere requires Galiot to let her dispose of
+his love as he had disposed of hers. To this he consents, and she
+commends him to the Lady of Mallehault. Next, they arrange for the
+promised <i>parlement de eulx quatre</i>; and the queen points out to
+Lancelot the lady who had so many a day kept him in prison, i.e., the
+Lady of Mallehault. At recognizing his old acquaintance, Lancelot feels
+somewhat distressed, but is reassured by observing the new love-making
+between her and Galiot. Seated in a wood, the four “demourerent grant
+piece, ne oncq<i>ue</i>s ne tindrent parolles, fors tant seullement de
+accoller &amp; de baiser comme ceulx qui voulentiers le faisoyent.”</p>
+
+<p>We next hear of Gawain’s recovery, and of the separation of the party
+of four above spoken of. Galiot takes Lancelot home with him to his own
+country, whilst the Lady of Mallehault remains for a time with the queen
+and Arthur. When Lancelot is next spoken of, he is in Galiot’s country,
+where we will now leave him.</p>
+
+</div>
+<!-- end div appendix -->
+
+
+<div class = "notes">
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_lvi" id = "intro_lvi">lvi</a></span>
+
+<h3><a name = "app_notes" id = "app_notes">
+NOTES TO THE APPENDIX.</a></h3>
+
+<hr class = "tiny">
+
+<p><a name = "notes_xxiii" id = "notes_xxiii" href = "#intro_xxiii">P.
+xxiii.</a> <i>Descosse</i> = <i>d’Écosse</i>, of Scotland. In Old
+French, words are frequently run together; thus we have <i>labbaye</i>
+for <i>l’abbaye</i>, <i>sesmeurent</i> for <i>s’émeurent</i>, etc. Also
+the letter <i>s</i> is often replaced in modern French by an acute or
+circumflex accent; so that <i>Escosse</i> = <i>Êcosse</i>;
+<i>chasteau</i> = <i>château</i>, etc.</p>
+<p class = "sub">The word <i>si</i> often occurs below with a great
+variety of meanings, <i>viz.</i> I, he; and, also; so, thus; etc.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes_xxiv" id = "notes_xxiv" href = "#intro_xxiv">P.
+xxiv.</a> <i>baille</i>, given, entrusted.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>brouyr</i> (<ins class = "correction" title =
+"printed in plain (non-italic) type"><i>brûler</i></ins>), being
+burnt.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>monstier</i>, monastery.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>gauues</i>, so in the original throughout;
+<i>gaunes</i> is used in other romances.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes_xxv" id = "notes_xxv" href = "#intro_xxv">P.
+xxv.</a> <i>auecques</i> = <i>avec</i>, with.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes_xxvi" id = "notes_xxvi" href = "#intro_xxvi">P.
+xxvi.</a> <i>aduision</i>, vision.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>behourdys</i>, tournament.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>naure</i>, wounded.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>deffera</i> = <i>desferra</i>, un-ironed; it means
+that Lancelot drew the weapons out of the knight’s wounds.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>deuers</i>, “Préposition relative au temps et au
+lieu dont on parle; près, vers, contre, proche; de <i>versus</i>.”
+Roquefort. <!-- What he said. --></p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>octroya</i>, permitted (authorized).</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>mouille</i>, <i>lit.</i> wetted; insulted.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes_xxvii" id = "notes_xxvii" href = "#intro_xxvii">P.
+xxvii.</a> <i>veirent</i>, saw.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>escript</i> (<i>écrit</i>), written.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>lassemblee</i>, the gathering; <i>i.e.</i> the war,
+strife.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>rua</i>, overthrew.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes_xxviii" id = "notes_xxviii" href =
+"#intro_xxviii">P. xxviii.</a> <i>mire</i>, physician.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>gue</i>, ford, pass.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>tresues</i>, a truce; spelt <i>treues</i> on
+p.&nbsp;xxix.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes_xxix" id = "notes_xxix" href = "#intro_xxix">P.
+xxix.</a> <i>esbatre</i>, to divert oneself. In modern French,
+<i>s’ébattre</i>.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes_xxx" id = "notes_xxx" href = "#intro_xxx">P.
+xxx.</a> <i>orrions</i>, shall hear.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>deust</i> = <i>dût</i>.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>cheoient</i>, from <i>cheoir</i>, to fall. Compare
+<i>chûte</i>.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>poilz</i>, hairs.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>esbahy</i>, amazed.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>ortelz</i>, toes.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>chaille</i>; from <i>chaloir</i>, to be anxious
+about.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>dilacion</i>, delay.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes_xxxi" id = "notes_xxxi" href = "#intro_xxxi">P.
+xxxi.</a> <i>paour</i>, fear.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>mire</i>, physician.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>veufue</i>, old.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes_xxxii" id = "notes_xxxii" href = "#intro_xxxii">P.
+xxxii.</a> <i>cheuauche</i>, rides.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>boutte</i>, buts, pushes.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>iecte</i> (<i>jeté</i>), cast.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>cuyde</i>, I believe.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>Si maist dieu</i>, so God aid me. Here <i>maist</i>
+is put for <i>m’aist</i>.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>oncques</i>, ever.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>ennuyt</i>, this night, to-night.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>lottroyera</i>, will grant him his request.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>conroy</i>, troops.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes_xxxiii" id = "notes_xxxiii" href =
+"#intro_xxxiii">P. xxxiii.</a> <i>derrains</i> (<i>derniers</i>),
+last.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>busines</i>, trumpets.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>Or y perra</i>, now it will appear.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>cuidoit</i>, believed; from the old verb
+<i>quider</i>.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>cheuauchent</i>, ride.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>ia</i>, already.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>tertre</i>, a small hill.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "intro_lvii" id = "intro_lvii">lvii</a></span>
+
+<p><a name = "notes_xxxiv" id = "notes_xxxiv" href = "#intro_xxxiv">P.
+xxxiv.</a> <i>adresse</i>, a cross-path.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>huy</i>, just before; <i>lit.</i> this day. Lat.
+<i>hodiè</i>.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>se pasme</i>, swoons.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>leans</i>, thither.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes_xxxv" id = "notes_xxxv" href = "#intro_xxxv">P.
+xxxv.</a> <i>ores</i>, now.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>huy</i>, to-day.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>preudhomme</i>, a wise and prudent man.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>lottroye</i>, permits him.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>tref</i>, tent.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>nenny</i>, no!</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>ains</i>, before.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>guerpiront</i>, will leave.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>deduys</i>, amusements, diversions.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes_xxxvi" id = "notes_xxxvi" href = "#intro_xxxvi">P.
+xxxvi.</a> <i>leans</i>, there.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>gerrez</i>, will lie.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>las</i>, tired.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>Ains</i>, but.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes_xxxvii" id = "notes_xxxvii" href =
+"#intro_xxxvii">P. xxxvii.</a> <i>semondray</i>, shall ask.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>esbahy</i>, amazed.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>tollez</i>, take away.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>creanca</i>, promised.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>lees</i>, wide, full.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>lices</i>, lists.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes_xxxviii" id = "notes_xxxviii" href =
+"#intro_xxxviii">P. xxxviii.</a> <i>emmy le pas</i>, in the midst of the
+passage.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>hucher</i>, to cry aloud.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes_xxxix" id = "notes_xxxix" href = "#intro_xxxix">P.
+xxxix.</a> <i>lieue</i>, lifts.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>saisine</i>, disposal.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>enseignes</i>, tokens.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>aincoys</i>, first of all.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes_xl" id = "notes_xl" href = "#intro_xl">P. xl.</a>
+<i>oncques mes</i>, never.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>a resiouyr</i> (<i>réjouir</i>), in amusing.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>escondiroye</i>, will refuse.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>me poyse</i>, it troubles me.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>pieca</i>, long ago.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>se embronche</i>, covers his face.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes_xli" id = "notes_xli" href = "#intro_xli">P.
+xli.</a> <i>sen esueillerent</i>, awoke thereat.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>Adonc</i>, then.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>riens forfait</i>, anyway injured.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes_xlii" id = "notes_xlii" href = "#intro_xlii">P.
+xlii.</a> <i>ne me mescreez mye que</i>, do not doubt me more than.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes_xliii" id = "notes_xliii" href = "#intro_xliii">P.
+xliii.</a> <i>doint</i>, gives, were to give.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes_xliv" id = "notes_xliv" href = "#intro_xliv">P.
+xliv.</a> <i>mesgnie</i>, properly the <i>suite</i> or household of a
+prince; see Roquefort s.v. <i>magnie</i> and <i>maignee</i>.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>nef</i>, a boat.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>loue</i>, advise.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes_xlv" id = "notes_xlv" href = "#intro_xlv">P.
+xlv.</a> <i>vous esmayez</i>, afflict yourself.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>courrouce</i>, wroth, displeased.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes_xlvi" id = "notes_xlvi" href = "#intro_xlvi">P.
+xlvi.</a> <i>vergier</i>, orchard.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>aual</i>, below.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>se embroncha</i>, she veiled herself, or, hid
+herself.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>iouxte</i>, beside.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes_xlvii" id = "notes_xlvii" href = "#intro_xlvii">P.
+xlvii.</a> <i>maintes</i>, many.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>ot</i>, heard.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>len prise mieulx</i>, esteemed it better.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>loe</i>, praises.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>deffera</i>, dis-ironed, drew the weapons out
+of.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>lestrief</i>, the stirrup.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes_xlviii" id = "notes_xlviii" href =
+"#intro_xlviii">P. xlviii.</a> <i>leans</i> (<i>la dédans</i>),
+there.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>belif</i>. We find in Cotgrave’s French Dictionary,
+“<i>Belic</i>, a kind of red or geueles, in Blazon.”</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>enseignes</i>, tokens, message.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes_xlix" id = "notes_xlix" href = "#intro_xlix">P.
+xlix.</a> <i>mestier</i>, serviceable.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>dillec</i>, thence.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>pourneant</i>, for nothing, in vain.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>voire</i>, truly.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>commanday a dieu</i>, commended to God, bade
+farewell.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes_li" id = "notes_li" href = "#intro_li">P. li.</a>
+<i>mestier en est</i>, there is need of it.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>greigneur bien</i>, exceedingly well, very
+highly.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes_lii" id = "notes_lii" href = "#intro_lii">P.
+lii.</a> <i>greigneure</i>, greater.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>anuytoit</i>, became night.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><i>ie me doibz pener</i>, I ought to take pains.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes_liii" id = "notes_liii" href = "#intro_liii">P.
+liii.</a> <i>ouen</i>, this year.</p>
+
+
+<div class = "footnote">
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteA1" id = "noteA1" href = "#tagA1">1</a>
+The extracts are from the Paris edition of 1513, 3&nbsp;vols. folio,
+a&nbsp;copy of which is in the King’s Library in the British Museum.
+There are also two other editions in the Museum, one in the Grenville
+Library, 3&nbsp;vols. Paris, 1494, folio; the other in one folio volume,
+Paris, 1520.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteA2" id = "noteA2" href = "#tagA2">2</a>
+See <a href = "#line1444">ll. 1447-1449</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteA3" id = "noteA3" href = "#tagA3">3</a>
+Lines <a href = "#line212">215</a>, <a href = "#line220">220</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteA4" id = "noteA4" href = "#tagA4">4</a>
+Line <a href = "#line220">223</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteA5" id = "noteA5" href = "#tagA5">5</a>
+Lines <a href = "#line236">237-245</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteA6" id = "noteA6" href = "#tagA6">6</a>
+Lines <a href = "#line248">249-252</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteA7" id = "noteA7" href = "#tagA7">7</a>
+Line <a href = "#line252">255</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteA8" id = "noteA8" href = "#tagA8">8</a>
+Lines <a href = "#line256">257-259</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteA9" id = "noteA9" href = "#tagA9">9</a>
+Lines <a href = "#line260">263, -4</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteA10" id = "noteA10" href =
+"#tagA10">10</a>
+See <a href = "#line244">ll. 244, -5</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteA11" id = "noteA11" href =
+"#tagA11">11</a>
+Line <a href = "#line264">267</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteA12" id = "noteA12" href =
+"#tagA12">12</a>
+Lines <a href = "#line360">363-527</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteA13" id = "noteA13" href =
+"#tagA13">13</a>
+Lines <a href = "#line540">540-592</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteA14" id = "noteA14" href =
+"#tagA14">14</a>
+Line <a href = "#line280">280</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteA15" id = "noteA15" href =
+"#tagA15">15</a>
+Lines <a href = "#line232">233-252</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteA16" id = "noteA16" href =
+"#tagA16">16</a>
+Lines <a href = "#line280">281-292</a><ins class = "correction" title =
+". missing or invisible">.&nbsp;</ins></p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteA17" id = "noteA17" href =
+"#tagA17">17</a>
+Lines <a href = "#line632">634-894</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteA18" id = "noteA18" href =
+"#tagA18">18</a>
+Lines <a href = "#line892">895-974</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteA19" id = "noteA19" href =
+"#tagA19">19</a>
+Lines <a href = "#line972">975-1138</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteA20" id = "noteA20" href =
+"#tagA20">20</a>
+Lines <a href = "#line1272">1275-2130</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteA21" id = "noteA21" href =
+"#tagA21">21</a>
+Lines <a href = "#line1540">1543-1584</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteA22" id = "noteA22" href =
+"#tagA22">22</a>
+Lines <a href = "#line1136">1139-1152</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteA23" id = "noteA23" href =
+"#tagA23">23</a>
+Lines <a href = "#line1180">1181-1274</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteA24" id = "noteA24" href =
+"#tagA24">24</a>
+Lines <a href = "#line2160">2161-2256</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteA25" id = "noteA25" href =
+"#tagA25">25</a>
+Lines <a href = "#line2344">2347-2442</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteA26" id = "noteA26" href =
+"#tagA26">26</a>
+Lines <a href = "#line2504">2504-2530</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteA27" id = "noteA27" href =
+"#tagA27">27</a>
+Lines <a href = "#line2528">2531-3268</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteA28" id = "noteA28" href =
+"#tagA28">28</a>
+Lines <a href = "#line3340">3343-3487</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteA29" id = "noteA29" href =
+"#tagA29">29</a>
+There is no trace of the rest of this chapter in the Scottish poem.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteA30" id = "noteA30" href =
+"#tagA30">30</a>
+Line <a href = "#line3432">3432</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteA31" id = "noteA31" href =
+"#tagA31">31</a>
+Lines <a href = "#line3432">3435-3440</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteA32" id = "noteA32" href =
+"#tagA32">32</a>
+Lines <a href = "#line3440">3441-3476</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteA33" id = "noteA33" href =
+"#tagA33">33</a>
+Lines <a href = "#line3476">3477-3480</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteA34" id = "noteA34" href =
+"#tagA34">34</a>
+Lines <a href = "#line3480">3481-3484</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteA35" id = "noteA35" href =
+"#tagA35">35</a>
+Lines <a href = "#line3484">3485, 6</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteA36" id = "noteA36" href =
+"#tagA36">36</a>
+Line <a href = "#line3484">3487</a> <i>and last</i>.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteA37" id = "noteA37" href =
+"#tagA37">37</a>
+Compare lines <a href = "#line3364">3365-3368</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteA38" id = "noteA38" href =
+"#tagA38">38</a>
+Lines <a href = "#line3368">3369, 70</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteA39" id = "noteA39" href =
+"#tagA39">39</a>
+Compare lines <a href = "#line3388">3391-3426</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteA40" id = "noteA40" href =
+"#tagA40">40</a>
+Compare line <a href = "#line1140">1140</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteA41" id = "noteA41" href =
+"#tagA41">41</a>
+Compare lines <a href = "#line2844">2845-8</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteA42" id = "noteA42" href =
+"#tagA42">42</a>
+The original has <i>pat</i>.</p>
+
+</div>
+
+</div>
+<!-- end div notes -->
+
+</div>
+<!-- end div intro -->
+
+
+<a name = "intro_lviii" id = "intro_lviii"></a>
+<!-- misjudged how much room they'd need for notes? -->
+
+<a name = "intro_lix" id = "intro_lix"> </a>
+
+<a name = "intro_lx" id = "intro_lx"> </a>
+
+<hr>
+
+<div class = "lancelot">
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page1" id = "page1" href = "#notes1">1</a></span>
+
+<p><a name = "lancelot" id = "lancelot">&nbsp;</a></p>
+
+<h2><img src = "images/romans.png" width = "343" height = "145"
+alt = "The Romans of Lancelot of the Laik."
+title = "The Romans of Lancelot of the Laik."></h2>
+
+<hr class = "tiny">
+
+<h3>[PROLOGUE.]</h3>
+
+<p class = "sidenote folio break">[Fol. 1.]</p>
+
+<p><a name = "line1" id = "line1"><span class = "dropcap">T</span>He
+ſoft morow ande The luſtee Aperill,</a></p>
+<p>The wynt<i>er</i> set, the stormys in exill,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+In April, when the fresh luminary upriseth,</p>
+<p>Quhen that the bry<i>ch</i>t <i>and</i> freſch illumynare</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line4" id = "line4">4</a></span>
+Upriſith arly in his fyre chare</p>
+<p>His hot courß in to the orient,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and sendeth from his sphere his golden streams,</p>
+<p>And frome h<i>is</i> ſpere his goldine ſtremis sent</p>
+<p>Wpone the grond, in man<i>er</i> off meſag,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line8" id = "line8">8</a></span>
+One eu<i>er</i>y thing to valkyne thar curage,</p>
+<p>That natur haith set wnd<i>er</i> hire mycht,</p>
+<p>Boith gyrß, and flour, <i>and</i> eu<i>er</i>y luſty vicht:</p>
+<p>And namly thame that felith the aſſay</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line12" id = "line12">12</a></span>
+Of lufe, to ſchew the kalendis of may,</p>
+<p>Throw birdis ſonge w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> opine wox one hy,</p>
+<p>That ſeſſit not one lufar<i>is</i> for to cry,</p>
+<p>Leſt thai forȝhet, throw ſlewth of Ignorans,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line16" id = "line16">16</a></span>
+The old wſage of lowis obſ<i>er</i>uans.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and when I espy his bright face,</p>
+<p>And from̅e I can the bricht face aſſpy,</p>
+<p>It deuit me no langare fore to ly,</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page2" id = "page2" href = "#notes2">2</a></span>
+
+<p>Nore that loue schuld ſleuth In to me finde,</p>
+
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+THE POET BEWAILS HIS LOT.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+I walk forth, bewailing my sad life.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line20" id = "line20">20</a></span>
+Bot walkine furth, bewalinge in my mynde</p>
+<p>the dredful lyve endurit al to longe,</p>
+<p>Sufferans in loue of ſorouful harmys ſtronge,</p>
+<p>The ſcharpe dais and the hewy ȝerys,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line24" id = "line24">24</a></span>
+Quhill phebus thris haith paſſith al h<i>is</i> ſperis,</p>
+<p>Vithoutine hope ore traiſtinge of comfort;</p>
+<p>So be such meine fatit was my sort.</p>
+<p>Thus in my ſaull Rolinge al my wo,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The sword of love carves my heart.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line28" id = "line28">28</a></span>
+My carful hart carwing cañ In two</p>
+<p>The derdful ſuerd of lowis hot diſſire;</p>
+<p>So be the morow set I was a-fyre</p>
+<p>In felinge of the acceß hot <i>and</i> colde,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line32" id = "line32">32</a></span>
+That haith my hart in ſich a fevir holde,</p>
+<p>Only to me thare was noñe vthir eß</p>
+<p>Bot thinkine qhow I ſchulde my lady pleß.</p>
+<p>The ſcharp aſſay and ek the Inwart peine</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line36" id = "line36">36</a></span>
+Of dowblit wo me neulyng<i>is</i> cañ conſtrein,</p>
+<p>Quhen that I have remembrit one my tho<i>ch</i>t</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+My lady knoweth not how I am wobegone.</p>
+<p>How sche, quhois bewte al my harm̅ haith wrocht,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 1 <i>b</i>.]</p>
+<p>Ne knouith not how I ame wo begoñe,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line40" id = "line40">40</a></span>
+Nor how that I ame of hire ſ<i>er</i>uand<i>is</i> oñe;</p>
+<p>And in my ſelf I cañ nocht fynde the meyne</p>
+<p>In to quhat wyß I ſal my wo compleine.</p>
+
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+HE SEES A VISION OF A GREEN BIRD.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+I walked thus in the field, and came to a well-beseen garden.</p>
+<p>Thus in the feild I walkith to <i>and</i> froo,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line44" id = "line44">44</a></span>
+As tho<i>ch</i>tful wicht that felt of no<i>ch</i>t bot woo,</p>
+<p>Syne to o gardinge, that weß weil beſeñ,</p>
+<p>Of quiche the feild was al depaynt w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> greñ.</p>
+<p>The tendyre and the luſty flour<i>is</i> new</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line48" id = "line48">48</a></span>
+Up thrōue the greñ vpone thar ſtalk<i>is</i> grew</p>
+<p>Aȝhane the ſone, and thare levis ſpred,</p>
+<p>Quharw<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> that al the gardinge was I-clede;</p>
+<p>That pryapus, in to his tyme before,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line52" id = "line52">52</a></span>
+In o luſtear walkith nevir more;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+It was closely environed with leaves.</p>
+<p>And al about enweronyt and Icloſit</p>
+<p>One ſich o wyß, that none w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>in ſuppoſit</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page3" id = "page3" href = "#notes3">3</a></span>
+
+<p>Fore to be ſeñ w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> ony vicht thare owt;</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT1" id = "noteT1" href = "#tagT1">1</a>
+MS. “cloſit.”</p>
+
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line56" id = "line56">56</a></span>
+So dide the levis cloſ it<a class = "tag" name = "tagT1" id = "tagT1"
+href = "#noteT1">1</a> all about.</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT2" id = "noteT2" href = "#tagT2">2</a>
+May we read “alcest”?</p>
+
+<p>Thar was the flour, thar was the queñ alpheſt,<a class = "tag" name =
+"tagT2" id = "tagT2" href = "#noteT2">2</a></p>
+<p>Ry<i>ch</i>t wering being of the ny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> reſt,</p>
+<p>Wncloſi<i>n</i>g gañe the crownel for the day;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The sun illumined the sprays;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line60" id = "line60">60</a></span>
+The bry<i>ch</i>t ſone illumynit haith the ſpray,</p>
+<p>The ny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> ſobir ande the moſt ſchowr<i>is</i>,</p>
+<p>As criſtoll terys w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>hong vpone the
+flour<i>is</i>,</p>
+<p>Haith vpwarpith In the luſty aire,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line64" id = "line64">64</a></span>
+The morow makith soft, ameyne, and faire;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+the birds sang till the woods resounded;</p>
+<p>And the byrd<i>is</i> thar my<i>ch</i>ty voce out-throng,</p>
+<p>Quhill al the wood reſonite of thar ſonge,</p>
+<p>That gret confort till ony vicht It wer</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line68" id = "line68">68</a></span>
+That pleſſith thame of luſtenes to here.</p>
+<p>Bot gladneß til the tho<i>ch</i>tful, eu<i>er</i> mo</p>
+<p>The more he ſeith, the more he haith of wo.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+the garden was adorned with flowers.</p>
+<p>Thar was the garding w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> the flour<i>is</i>
+ourfret,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line72" id = "line72">72</a></span>
+Quich is in poſy fore my lady set,</p>
+<p>That hire Repreſent to me oft befor,</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT3" id = "noteT3" href = "#tagT3">3</a>
+MS. “beſor.”</p>
+
+<p><i>And</i> thane alſo; thus al day gan be ſor<a class = "tag" name =
+"tagT3" id = "tagT3" href = "#noteT3">3</a></p>
+<p>Of tho<i>ch</i>t my goſt w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> torment occupy,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 2.]</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+I fell there into an ecstasy or sleep,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line76" id = "line76">76</a></span>
+That I becam̅e In to one exaſy,</p>
+<p>Ore ſlep, or how I wot; bot ſo befell</p>
+<p>My wo haith done my livis goſt expell,</p>
+<p>And in ſich wiß weil long I can endwr,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line80" id = "line80">80</a></span>
+So me betid o wondir aventur.</p>
+<p>As I thus lay, Ry<i>ch</i>t to my ſpreit vas ſeñ</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and saw in my dream a green bird, who said:</p>
+<p>A birde, yat was as ony lawrare greñ,</p>
+<p>A-licht, and ſayth in to hir bird<i>is</i> chere;</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+THE BIRD’S MESSAGE.</span></p>
+
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line84" id = "line84">84</a></span>
+“O woful wrech, that levis in to were!</p>
+<p>To ſchew the thus the god of loue me ſent,</p>
+<p>That of thi ſ<i>er</i>uice no thing is content,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+“The God of Love is discontent with thee.</p>
+<p>For in his court yhoue lewith i<i>n</i> diſſpar,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line88" id = "line88">88</a></span>
+And vilfully suſtenis al thi care,</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page4" id = "page4" href = "#notes4">4</a></span>
+
+<p>And ſchapith no thinge of thine awn remede,</p>
+<p>Bot clepith ay and cryith apone dede.</p>
+<p>Yhow callith the bird<i>is</i> be morow fro thar bour<i>is</i>,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line92" id = "line92">92</a></span>
+Yhoue devith boith the erbis and the flour<i>is</i>,</p>
+<p>And clepit hyme vnfaithful king of lowe,</p>
+<p>Yow dewith hyme in to h<i>is</i> rigne abufe,</p>
+<p>Yhow tempith hyme, yhoue doith thi ſelf no gud,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+You are destitute of wit.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line96" id = "line96">96</a></span>
+Yhoue are o moñ of wit al deſtitude.</p>
+<p>Wot yhoue no<i>ch</i>t that al liwis creatwre</p>
+<p>Haith of thi wo i<i>n</i> to h<i>is</i> hand the cwre?</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Though you call on trees, your lady hears not.</p>
+<p>And ſet yhoue clep one erbis and one treis,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line100" id = "line100">100</a></span>
+Sche her<i>is</i> not thi wo, nore ȝhit ſche ſeis;</p>
+<p>For none may know the dirkneß of thi tho<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p>Ne blamyth h<i>er</i> thi wo ſche knowith no<i>ch</i>t.</p>
+<p>And It is weil accordinge It be so</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line104" id = "line104">104</a></span>
+He ſuffir harme, that to redreß h<i>is</i> wo</p>
+<p>Previdith not; for long ore he be ſonde,</p>
+<p>Holl of his leich, that ſchewith not h<i>is</i> vound.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Ovid says it is better to shew, than to conceal love.</p>
+<p>And of owid ye autor ſchall yhow knaw</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line108" id = "line108">108</a></span>
+Of lufe that ſeith, for to conſel or ſchow,</p>
+<p>The laſt he clepith althir-beſt of two;</p>
+<p>And that is ſuth, and ſal be eu<i>er</i> mo.</p>
+<p>And loue alſo haith chargit me to ſay,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 2 <i>b</i>.]</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line112" id = "line112">112</a></span>
+Set yhoue preſume, ore beleif, ye aſſay</p>
+<p>Of his ſ<i>er</i>uice, as It wil ryne ore go,</p>
+<p>Preſwme It not, fore It wil not be so;</p>
+<p>Al magre thine a ſ<i>er</i>uand ſchal yow bee.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+As touching thine adversity, seek the remedy.”</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line116" id = "line116">116</a></span>
+And as tueching thine adu<i>er</i>ſytee,</p>
+<p>Complen and sek of the ramed, the cwre,</p>
+<p>Ore, gif yhow likith, furth thi wo endure.”</p>
+<p>And, as me tho<i>ch</i>t, I anſuerde aȝaiñe</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Then answered I:</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line120" id = "line120">120</a></span>
+Thus to the byrde, in word<i>is</i> ſchort and plane:</p>
+<p>“It ganyth not, as I have harde Recorde,</p>
+<p>The ſ<i>er</i>uand for to diſput w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> ye lord;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+“Love knows the reason of my wo.”</p>
+<p>Bot well he knowith of al my vo the quhy,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line124" id = "line124">124</a></span>
+And in quhat wyß he hath me ſet, quhar I</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page5" id = "page5" href = "#notes5">5</a></span>
+
+<p>Nore may I not, nore can I not attane,</p>
+<p>Nore to hir hienes dare I not complane.”</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+SHE BIDS HIM WRITE A POEM.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+“Fool,” said the bird, “despair not;</p>
+<p>“Ful!” q<i>uo</i>d the bird, “lat be thi nyß diſpare,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line128" id = "line128">128</a></span>
+For in this erith no lady is ſo fare,</p>
+<p>So hie eſtat, nore of ſo gret empriß,</p>
+<p>That in hire ſelf haith viſdome ore gentrice,</p>
+<p>Yf that o wicht, that worthy is to be</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line132" id = "line132">132</a></span>
+Of lovis court, ſchew til hir that he</p>
+<p>Seruith hire in lovis hartly wyß,</p>
+<p>That ſchall thar for hyme hating or diſpiß.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+the God of Love charges thee to speak out your love, or else to write
+thy plaint;</p>
+<p>The god of love thus chargit the, at ſchort,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line136" id = "line136">136</a></span>
+That to thi lady yhoue thi wo Report;</p>
+<p>Yf yhoue may not, thi plant ſchall yhov vrit.</p>
+<p>Se, as yhoue cane, be man<i>er</i> oft endit</p>
+<p>In metir, quhich that no ma<i>n</i> haith ſuſſpek,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line140" id = "line140">140</a></span>
+Set oft tyme thai contenyng gret effecc;</p>
+<p>Thus one ſume wyß yhow ſchal thi wo dwclar.</p>
+<p>And, for thir ſedulis and thir billis are</p>
+<p>So gen<i>er</i>all, and ek ſo ſchort at lyte,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line144" id = "line144">144</a></span>
+And ſwme of thai<i>m</i> is loſt the appetit,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+write, then, some treatise for her to read;</p>
+<p>Sum trety ſchall yhoue for yi lady ſak,</p>
+<p>That wnkouth is, als tak one hand and mak,</p>
+<p>Of love, ore armys, or of ſu<i>m</i> othir thing,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line148" id = "line148">148</a></span>
+That may hir one to thi Reme<i>m</i>bry<i>n</i>g brynge;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 3.]</p>
+<p>Qwich ſoundith Not one to no hewynes,</p>
+<p>Bot one to gladneß and to luſteneß,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+one that may please her and get her thanks.</p>
+<p>That yhoue belevis may thi lady pleß,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line152" id = "line152">152</a></span>
+To have hir thonk and be one to hir eß;</p>
+<p>That ſche may wit in ſ<i>er</i>uice yhow art one.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Farewell, and be merry.”</p>
+<p>Faire weil,” q<i>uo</i>d ſche, “thus ſchal yhow the diſpone,</p>
+<p>And mak thi ſelf als mery as yhoue may,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line156" id = "line156">156</a></span>
+It helpith not thus fore to wex al way.”</p>
+<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> that, the bird ſche haith hir leif tak,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Thereon I awoke, and wondered what it might mean.</p>
+<p>For fere of quich I can onone to wak;</p>
+<p>Sche was ago, and to my ſelf tho<i>ch</i>t I</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line160" id = "line160">160</a></span>
+Quhat may yis meyne? quhat may this ſig<i>n</i>ify?</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page6" id = "page6" href = "#notes6">6</a></span>
+
+<p>Is It of troucht, or of Illuſioune?</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+HE RESOLVES TO DO SO.</span></p>
+
+<p>Bot finaly, as in concluſioune,</p>
+<p>Be as be may, I ſchal me not discharge,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line164" id = "line164">164</a></span>
+Sen It apperith be of lovis charg;</p>
+<p>And ek myne hart noñe othir biſſynes</p>
+<p>Haith bot my ladice ſ<i>er</i>uice, as I geß;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+I determined to take in hand this occupation.</p>
+<p>Among al vther<i>is</i> I ſchal one honde tak</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line168" id = "line168">168</a></span>
+This litil occupatioune for hire ſak.</p>
+<p>Bot hyme I pray, the my<i>ch</i>ty gode of loue,</p>
+<p>That ſitith hie in to his ſpir abuf,</p>
+<p>(At <i>com</i>mand of o wyß quhois viſioune</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line172" id = "line172">172</a></span>
+My goſt haith takin this opvnioune,)</p>
+<p>That my lawboure may to my lady pleß</p>
+<p>And do wnto hir ladeſchip ſu<i>m</i> eß,</p>
+<p>So that my t<i>ra</i>uell be no<i>ch</i>t tynt, and I</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line176" id = "line176">176</a></span>
+Quhat vther<i>is</i> ſay ſetith nothing by.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+I know it will but hurt my name, when men hear my feeble negligence.</p>
+<p>For wel I know that, be this world<i>is</i> fam̅e.</p>
+<p>It ſchal not be bot hurting to my nam̅e,</p>
+<p>Quhen that thai here my febil negligens,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line180" id = "line180">180</a></span>
+That empit is, and bare of eloquens,</p>
+<p>Of diſcreſſiou<i>n</i>e, and ek of Retoryk;</p>
+<p>The metire and the cu<i>n</i>ing both elyk</p>
+<p>So fere diſcording frome p<i>er</i>fecciou<i>n</i>e;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+I submit my poem to the correction of the wise;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line184" id = "line184">184</a></span>
+Q<i>uhil</i>k I ſubmyt to the correcciou<i>n</i>e</p>
+<p>Of yai<i>m</i> the quhich that is diſcret <i>and</i> wyß,</p>
+<p>And ent<i>er</i>it is of loue in the ſ<i>er</i>uice;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 3 <i>b</i>.]</p>
+<p>Quhich knouyth that no lovare dare w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>ſtonde,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line188" id = "line188">188</a></span>
+Quhat loue hyme chargit he mot tak one honde,</p>
+<p>Deith, or defam̅, or ony man<i>er</i> wo;</p>
+<p>And at this tyme w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> me It ſtant ry<i>ch</i>t ſo,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+for I dare not oppose Love’s command.</p>
+<p>As I that dar makine no demande</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line192" id = "line192">192</a></span>
+To quhat I wot It lykith loue co<i>m</i>mande.</p>
+<p>Tueching his charg<i>is</i>, as w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> al deſtitut,</p>
+<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>in my mynd ſchortly I conclud</p>
+<p>For to fulfyll, for ned I mot do ſo.</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+HE THINKS OF THE STORY OF LANCELOT.</span></p>
+
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line196" id = "line196">196</a></span>
+Thane in my tho<i>ch</i>t rolling to and fro</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page7" id = "page7" href = "#notes7">7</a></span>
+
+<p>Quhare that I <ins class = "correction"
+title = "text unchanged: error for ‘my{ch}t’?">my<i>hc</i>t</ins> ſu<i>m</i> wnkouth mat<i>er</i>
+fynde,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+At last I thought of the story of “Lancelot of the Lake,”</p>
+<p>Quhill at ye laſt it fell in to my mynd</p>
+<p>Of o ſtory, that I befor had ſene,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line200" id = "line200">200</a></span>
+That boith of loue and armys can conteñ,</p>
+<p>Was of o kny<i>ch</i>t clepit lancelot of ye laik,</p>
+<p>The ſone of bane was, king of albanak;</p>
+<p>Of quhois fame <i>and</i> worſchipful dedis</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line204" id = "line204">204</a></span>
+Clerk<i>is</i> in to diu<i>er</i>ß buk<i>is</i> red<i>is</i>,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+of whom I here think to write something.</p>
+<p>Of quhome I thynk her ſu<i>m</i> thing for to writ</p>
+<p>At louis charge, and as I cane, endit;</p>
+<p>Set me<i>n</i> tharin ſal by exp<i>er</i>iens</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line208" id = "line208">208</a></span>
+Know my conſait, and al my negligens.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+But because my ignorance cannot comprehend the French romance,</p>
+<p>Bot for that ſtory is ſo paſing larg,</p>
+<p>One to my wit It war ſo gret o charg</p>
+<p>For to tranſlait the romans of that kny<i>ch</i>t;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line212" id = "line212">212</a></span>
+It paſſith fare my cu<i>n</i>yng and my mycht,</p>
+<p>Myne Ignorans may It not comp<i>re</i>hende;</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+HE BRIEFLY ENUMERATES</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+I shall not tell how he was born;</p>
+<p>Quharfor thare one I wil me not depend</p>
+<p>How he was borne, nor how his fad<i>er</i> deid</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line216" id = "line216">216</a></span>
+And ek his mod<i>er</i>, nore how he was denyed</p>
+<p>Eft<i>er</i> thare deth, p<i>re</i>ſumyng he was ded,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+nor how he was nourished by the Lady of the Lake;</p>
+<p>Of al ye lond, nore how he fra that ſtede</p>
+<p>In sacret wyß wnwyſt away was tak,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line220" id = "line220">220</a></span>
+And nwriſt w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> ye lady of ye lak.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+nor how he was brought to Arthur’s court,</p>
+<p>Nor, in his ȝouth, think I not to tell</p>
+<p>The aue<i>n</i>tour<i>is</i>, quhich to hyme befell;</p>
+<p>Nor how the lady of the laik hyme had</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line224" id = "line224">224</a></span>
+One to the court, quhare that he kny<i>ch</i>t was mad;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 4.]</p>
+<p>None wiſt his nome, nore how that he was tak</p>
+<p>By loue, and was Iwondit to the ſtak,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and pierced to the heart by the beauty of Wanore (Guinevere),</p>
+<p>And throuch <i>and</i> throuch perſit to ye hart,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line228" id = "line228">228</a></span>
+That al his tyme he cout<i>h</i> It not aſtart;</p>
+<p>For thare of loue he ent<i>er</i>it in ſ<i>er</i>uice,</p>
+<p>Of wanore throuch the beute and franchis,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+for whose service he wrought many wonders;</p>
+<p>Throuch quhois ſ<i>er</i>uice in armys he has vro<i>ch</i>t</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line232" id = "line232">232</a></span>
+Mony wond<i>er</i>is, and p<i>er</i>ell<i>is</i> he has socht.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page8" id = "page8" href = "#notes8">8</a></span>
+
+<p>Nor how he thor, in to his ȝoung curage,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+nor how he made a vow to revenge a wounded knight,</p>
+<p>Hath maid awoue, and in to louis rage,</p>
+<p>In the rewenging of o wondit kny<i>ch</i>t</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line236" id = "line236">236</a></span>
+That cu<i>m</i>yne was in to the court that ny<i>ch</i>t;</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT4" id = "noteT4" href = "#tagT4">4</a>
+MS. “abrokin.”</p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+who had a broken sword in his head, and a truncheon of a broken spear in
+his body;</p>
+<p>In to his hed a brokin<a class = "tag" name = "tagT4" id = "tagT4"
+href = "#noteT4">4</a> ſuerd had he,</p>
+<p>And in his body alſo my<i>ch</i>t me<i>n</i> see</p>
+<p>The tronſione of o brokine ſper that was,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line240" id = "line240">240</a></span>
+Quhich no ma<i>n</i> out dedenyt to aras;</p>
+<p>Nor how he haith the wapnis out tak,</p>
+<p>And his awow apone this wis can mak,</p>
+<p>That he ſchuld hyme Reweng at h<i>is</i> poware</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line244" id = "line244">244</a></span>
+One eu<i>er</i>y kny<i>ch</i>t that louith the hurtare</p>
+<p>Bett<i>er</i> thane hyme, the quhich that vas Iwond.</p>
+<p>Throw quich awoue in armys hath ben founde</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT5" id = "noteT5" href = "#tagT5">5</a>
+The MS. wrongly transposes ll. 247 and 248.</p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+a vow which caused the death of many a wight warrior;</p>
+<p>The deth of mo<i>n</i>y wereoure ful wicht;<a class = "tag" name =
+"tagT5" id = "tagT5" href = "#noteT5">5</a></p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line248" id = "line248">248</a></span>
+For, fro tho wow was knowing of the kny<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p>Thare was ful mony o paſage in the londe</p>
+<p>By me<i>n</i> of armys kepit to withſtond</p>
+<p>This kny<i>ch</i>t, of quhome thai ben al set afyre</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line252" id = "line252">252</a></span>
+Thai<i>m</i> to reweng in armys of deſir.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+or how he and Sir Kay were sent to defend the lady of Nohalt;</p>
+<p>Nor how that thane in<i>con</i>tyne<i>n</i>t was ſend</p>
+<p>He and ſ<i>ir</i> kay togidd<i>er</i> to defend</p>
+<p>The lady of nohalt, nor how that hee</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line256" id = "line256">256</a></span>
+Gou<i>er</i>nit hyme thare, nore in quhat degre.</p>
+<p>Nor how the gret paſing vaſſolag</p>
+<p>He eſcheuit, thrōue the outragouß curag,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+or how he conquered the Sorrowful Castle;</p>
+<p>In conquiryng of the sorowful caſtell.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line260" id = "line260">260</a></span>
+Nor how he paſſith dou<i>n</i>e in the cauis fell,</p>
+<p>And furth ye keys of Inchantme<i>n</i>t bro<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p>That al diſtroyt quhich that thare vas vro<i>ch</i>t.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 4 <i>b</i>.]</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+or how he rescued Sir Gawane and his nine fellows;</p>
+<p>Nore howe that he reſkewit ſ<i>ir</i> gawane,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line264" id = "line264">264</a></span>
+W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> h<i>is</i> ix falouß in to preſone tane;</p>
+<p>Nore mony vthere diu<i>er</i>ß aduenture,</p>
+<p>Quhich to report I tak not in my cwre,</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page9" id = "page9" href = "#notes9">9</a></span>
+
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+LANCELOT’S EARLY DEEDS.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+nor of the many “assemblies” Gawane held to find out his name;</p>
+<p>Nor mony aſſemblay that gawane gart be maid</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line268" id = "line268">268</a></span>
+To wit h<i>is</i> name; nor how that he hyme hade</p>
+<p>Wnwiſt, and hath the worſchip <i>and</i> empriß;</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT6" id = "noteT6" href = "#tagT6">6</a>
+We should perhaps omit “mony.”</p>
+
+<p>Nor of the kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> in to mony<a class = "tag" name =
+"tagT6" id = "tagT6" href = "#noteT6">6</a> diu<i>er</i>ß wyß</p>
+<p>Throuch his awoue that hath thare dethis found;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+nor of his suffering caused by love’s wound;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line272" id = "line272">272</a></span>
+Nor of the ſufferans that by louis wounde</p>
+<p>He in his trawel ſufferith au<i>er</i> more;</p>
+<p>Nor in the quenis p<i>rese</i>ns how tharfor</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+nor how he was nearly drowned at Camelot;</p>
+<p>By camelot, in to that gret Revare,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line276" id = "line276">276</a></span>
+He was ner dround. I wil It not declare</p>
+<p>How that he was in louis hewy tho<i>ch</i>t</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+nor how he was brought to court by Dagenet;</p>
+<p>By dagenet in to the court I-bro<i>ch</i>t;</p>
+<p>Nor how the kny<i>ch</i>t that tyme he cane p<i>er</i>ſew,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+nor of the giants he slew at Camelot;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line280" id = "line280">280</a></span>
+Nor of the gyant<i>is</i> by camelot he ſlew;</p>
+<p>Nor wil I not her tell the man<i>er</i> how</p>
+<p>He ſlew o kny<i>ch</i>t, by nat<i>ur</i> of his wow,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+nor how he slew a knight of Melyholt;</p>
+<p>Off melyholt; nore how in to that toune</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line284" id = "line284">284</a></span>
+Thar came one hyme o gret confuſione</p>
+<p>Of pupil <i>and</i> [of] kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i>, al enarmyt,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and there defended himself against a crowd;</p>
+<p>Nor how he thar haith kepit hyme wnharmyt;</p>
+<p>Nor of his worſchip, nor of h<i>is</i> gret prowes,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line288" id = "line288">288</a></span>
+Nor his defens of armys in the pres.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+whereupon the lady of Melyhalt prayed him to yield his sword to her; and
+kept him in her power.</p>
+<p>Nor how the lady of melyhalt y<i>a</i>t ſche</p>
+<p>Came to the feild, and pray[i]th hyme that he</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT7" id = "noteT7" href = "#tagT7">7</a>
+MS. “his.”</p>
+
+<p>As to o lady to hir<a class = "tag" name = "tagT7" id = "tagT7" href
+= "#noteT7">7</a> his ſuerd hath ȝold,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line292" id = "line292">292</a></span>
+Nor how he was in to hir keping hold;</p>
+<p>And mony vthir nobil deid alſo</p>
+<p>I wil report quharfor I lat ourgo.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Whoever likes, might make of these things a long story.</p>
+<p>For quho thai<i>m</i> lykith for to ſpecyfy,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line296" id = "line296">296</a></span>
+Of one of thai<i>m</i> my<i>ch</i>t mak o gret ſtory;</p>
+<p>Nor <ins class = "correction"
+title = "text unchanged: error for ‘think’?">thing</ins> I not of his hye renōwn</p>
+<p>My febil wit to makin menſioune;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+But I think to tell of the wars between Arthur and Galiot;</p>
+<p>Bot of the wer<i>is</i> that was ſcharp <i>and</i> ſtrong,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line300" id = "line300">300</a></span>
+Richt p<i>er</i>ellouß, and hath enduryt long,</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page10" id = "page10" href = "#notes10">10</a></span>
+
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 5.]</p>
+<p>Of Arthur In defending of his lond</p>
+<p>Frome galiot, ſone of the fair gyonde,</p>
+<p>That bro<i>ch</i>t of kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> o paſing confluens;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+wherein Lancelot won renown by his defence of Arthur;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line304" id = "line304">304</a></span>
+And how lancelot of arthur<i>is</i> hol defens</p>
+<p>And of the ver<i>is</i> berith the renowñ;</p>
+<p>And how he be the wais of fortou<i>n</i>e</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and at last made peace between the two princes.</p>
+<p>Tuex the two princ<i>is</i> makith the accorde,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line308" id = "line308">308</a></span>
+Of al there mortall wer<i>is</i> to concorde;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+I shall also tell how Venus rewarded him.</p>
+<p>And how that venus, ſiting hie abuf,</p>
+<p>Reuardith hyme of trauell in to loue,</p>
+<p>And makith hyme his ladice grace to have,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line312" id = "line312">312</a></span>
+And thankfully his ſ<i>er</i>uice cane reſave;</p>
+<p>This is the mat<i>er</i> quhich I think to tell.</p>
+<p>Bot ſtil he mot ry<i>ch</i>t w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> the lady duell,</p>
+<p>Quhill tyme cu<i>m</i> eft that we ſchal of hy<i>m</i> ſpek.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+My summary must end for the present.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line316" id = "line316">316</a></span>
+This p<i>ro</i>ceß [now] mot cloſine beñ and ſtek;</p>
+<p>And furth I wil one to my mat<i>er</i> go.</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+THE DEDICATION.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+But I pray for the support of a very great poet,</p>
+<p>Bot first I pray, and I beſek also,</p>
+<p>One to the moſt conpilour to ſupport,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line320" id = "line320">320</a></span>
+Flour of poyet<i>is</i>, quhois nome I wil report</p>
+<p>To me nor to noñ vthir It accordit,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+whose name I may not mention;</p>
+<p>In to our rymyng his nam̅ to be recordit;</p>
+<p>For ſum ſuld deme It of preſumpſioune,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+for our riming is but derision, when his excellence is remembered.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line324" id = "line324">324</a></span>
+And ek our rymyng is al bot deryſioune,</p>
+<p>Quhen that reme<i>m</i>brit is his excellens,</p>
+<p>So hie abuf that ſtant in reu<i>er</i>ans.</p>
+<p>Ye freſch enditing of h<i>is</i> laiting toung</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The world knows his eloquence in inditing Latin;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line328" id = "line328">328</a></span>
+Out throuch yis world ſo wid is yroung,</p>
+<p>Of eloquens, and ek of retoryk;</p>
+<p>Nor is, nor was, nore neu<i>er</i> beith hyme lyk,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and none can ever gladden the world like him:</p>
+<p>This world gladith of h<i>is</i> ſuet poetry.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line332" id = "line332">332</a></span>
+His ſaul I blyß conſeruyt be for-thy;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+to him be the thanks for my success.</p>
+<p>And yf that ony lusty terme I wryt</p>
+<p>He haith the thonk y<i>er</i>of, <i>and</i> this endit.</p>
+
+<h5>EXPLICIT P<i>RO</i>LOG<i>US</i>, ET INCIPIT P<i>RI</i>M<i>US</i>
+LIBER.</h5>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page11" id = "page11" href = "#notes11">11</a></span>
+
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+ARTHUR AT CARLISLE.</span></p>
+
+
+<h3>[BOOK I.]</h3>
+
+<p class = "sidenote folio break">[Fol. 5 <i>b</i>.]</p>
+<p><span class = "dropcap">Q</span>uhen [that] tytan, withe his lusty
+heit,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line336" id = "line336">336</a></span>
+Twenty dais In to the aryeit</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+When Titan, being in Aries, had apparelled the fields,</p>
+<p>Haith maid his courß, and all with diu<i>er</i>ß hewis</p>
+<p>Aparalit haith the feldis and the bewis;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and birds began to make their bowers;</p>
+<p>The bird<i>is</i> amyd the erbis <i>and</i> the flour<i>is</i>,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line340" id = "line340">340</a></span>
+And one the branchis, makyne gone thar bour<i>is</i>,</p>
+<p>And be the morow ſinging in ther chere</p>
+<p>Welcum to the luſty ſeſſone of the ȝere.</p>
+<p>In to this tyme the worthi conqueroure</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+king Arthur was at Carlisle.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line344" id = "line344">344</a></span>
+Arthure, wich had of al this worlde the floure</p>
+<p>Of cheuelry auerding to his crown,</p>
+<p>So paſing war his kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> in renoune,</p>
+<p>Was at carlill; and hapy<i>n</i>nit ſo that hee</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line348" id = "line348">348</a></span>
+Soiornyt well long in that faire cuntree.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+His knights, hearing of no adventure, were annoyed.</p>
+<p>In to whilk tyme In to the court thai heire</p>
+<p>None awenture, for wich the knyght<i>is</i> weire</p>
+<p>Anoit all at the abiding thare.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line352" id = "line352">352</a></span>
+For-why, beholding one the ſobir ayre</p>
+<p>And of the tyme the paſing luſtynes,</p>
+<p>Can ſo thir knyghtly hart<i>is</i> to encreß,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+They therefore sent Sir Kay to pray the king to go to Camelot.</p>
+<p>That thei ſhir kay one to the king haith ſende,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line356" id = "line356">356</a></span>
+Beſeiching hyme he wold wichſaif to wende</p>
+<p>To camelot the Cetee, whare that thei</p>
+<p>Ware wont to heryng of armys day be day.</p>
+<p>The king forſuth, heryng thare entent,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line360" id = "line360">360</a></span>
+To thare deſir, be ſchort awyſment,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The king proposed to do so on the morrow.</p>
+<p>Ygrantid haith; and ſo the king p<i>ro</i>ponit</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page12" id = "page12" href = "#notes12">12</a></span>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT8" id = "noteT8" href = "#tagT8">8</a>
+MS. “to pas one hyme one,” with first “one” lightly crossed out.</p>
+
+<p>And for to pas hyme one<a class = "tag" name = "tagT8" id = "tagT8"
+href = "#noteT8">8</a> the morne diſponit.</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+ARTHUR’S TWO DREAMS.</span></p>
+
+<p>Bot ſo befell hyme [on] that nycht to meit</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line364" id = "line364">364</a></span>
+An aperans, the wich one to his ſpreit</p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+That night he dreamt that his hair all fell off;</p>
+<p>It ſemyth that of al his hed ye hore</p>
+<p>Of fallith and maid deſolat; wharfore</p>
+<p>The king therof was pensyve in his mynd,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line368" id = "line368">368</a></span>
+That al the day he couth no reſting fynde,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+which made him delay his journey.</p>
+<p>Wich makith hyme his Iorneye to delaye.</p>
+<p>And ſo befell apone the thrid day,</p>
+<p>The bricht ſone, paſing in the weſt,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line372" id = "line372">372</a></span>
+Haith maid his courß, and al thing goith to Reſt;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Again he dreamt, that his bowels fell out, and lay beside him.</p>
+<p>The king, ſo as the ſtory can dewyß,</p>
+<p>He thoght aȝeine, apone the ſamyne wyß,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 6.]</p>
+<p>His vombe out fallith vith his hoil syde</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line376" id = "line376">376</a></span>
+Apone the ground, <i>and</i> liging hyme beſid;</p>
+<p>Throw wich anon out of his ſlep he ſtert,</p>
+<p>Abaſit and adred in to his hart.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+He told the queen, who answered, “No man should respect vain
+dreams.”</p>
+<p>The wich be morow one to the qwen he told,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line380" id = "line380">380</a></span>
+And ſhe aȝeine to hyme haith anſuer ȝolde;</p>
+<p>“To dremys, ſ<i>ir</i>, ſhuld no man have Reſpek,</p>
+<p>For thei ben thing<i>is</i> weyn, of non affek.”</p>
+<p>“Well,” q<i>uo</i>d the king, “god grant It ſo befall!”</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The king next shewed his dream to a clerk,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line384" id = "line384">384</a></span>
+Arly he roß, and gert one to hyme call</p>
+<p>O clerk, to whome that al his hewynes</p>
+<p>Tweching his drem ſhewith he expreß,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+who said, “Sir, such things testify nothing.”</p>
+<p>Wich anſuer yaf and ſeith one to the kinge;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line388" id = "line388">388</a></span>
+“Shir, no Record lyith to ſuch thing;</p>
+<p>Wharfor now, ſhir, I praye yow tak no kep,</p>
+<p>Nore traiſt in to the vanyteis of slep;</p>
+<p>For thei are thing<i>is</i> that aſkith no credens,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line392" id = "line392">392</a></span>
+But cauſith of ſum maner influe<i>n</i>s,</p>
+<p>Empriß of thoght, ore ſup<i>er</i>fleuytee,</p>
+<p>Or than ſum othir caſualytee.”</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+“Yet,” replied he, “I shall not leave it so.”</p>
+<p>“Ȝit,” q<i>uo</i>d the king, “I ſal no<i>ch</i>t leif It so;”</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+HE SENDS FOR HIS CLERKS.</span></p>
+
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line396" id = "line396">396</a></span>
+And furth he chargit meſinger<i>is</i> to go</p>
+<p>Throgh al his Realm, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>outen more demande,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+He bade all the bishops and clergy come to Camelot within twenty
+days.</p>
+<p>And bad them ſtratly at thei ſhulde comande</p>
+<p>All the biſhopes, and makyng no delay</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line400" id = "line400">400</a></span>
+The ſhuld appere be the tuenty day</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page13" id = "page13" href = "#notes13">13</a></span>
+
+<p>At camelot, with al thar hol clergy</p>
+<p>That moſt expert war, for to certefye</p>
+<p>A mat<i>er</i> tueching to his goſt be nyght;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line404" id = "line404">404</a></span>
+The meſag goith furth with the l<i>ett</i>res Right.</p>
+
+<p class = "break"><span class = "dropcap">T</span>he king eft ſone,
+w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>in a litill ſpace,</p>
+<p>His Iornay makith haith frome place to place,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+He goes to Camelot, and finds the clerks assembled.</p>
+<p>Whill that he cam to camelot; and there</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line408" id = "line408">408</a></span>
+The clerk<i>is</i> all, as that the chargit were,</p>
+<p>Aſſemblit war, and came to his preſens,</p>
+<p>Of his deſir to viting the ſentens.</p>
+<p>To them that war to hyme moſt ſpeciall</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line412" id = "line412">412</a></span>
+Furth his entent ſhauyth he al hall;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+He discloses all to the ten that are most expert,</p>
+<p>By whois conſeil, of the worthieſt</p>
+<p>He cheſith ten, yclepit for the beſt,</p>
+<p>And moſt expert and wiſeſt was ſuppoſit,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 6 <i>b</i>.]</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line416" id = "line416">416</a></span>
+To qwhome his drem all hail he haith diſcloſſit;</p>
+<p>The houre, the nyght, and al the c<i>er</i>cumſtans;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and beseeches them to explain the dreams.</p>
+<p>Beſichyne them that the ſignifycans</p>
+<p>Thei wald hyme ſhaw, that he my<i>ch</i>t reſting fynde</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line420" id = "line420">420</a></span>
+Of It, the wich that occupeid his mynde.</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT9" id = "noteT9" href = "#tagT9">9</a>
+MS. “saith with” (with a very slight scratch through “saith”).</p>
+
+<p>And one of them with<a class = "tag" name = "tagT9" id = "tagT9" href
+= "#noteT9">9</a> al ther holl aſſent</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+One of them asks for nine days to advise upon the matter.</p>
+<p>Saith, “ſhire, fore to declare our entent</p>
+<p>Vpone this matere, ye wil ws delay</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line424" id = "line424">424</a></span>
+Fore to awyſing one to the ix day.”</p>
+<p>The king ther-to grantith haith, bot hee</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The king complies, but shuts them up in a strong place.</p>
+<p>In to o place, that ſtrong was and hye,</p>
+<p>He cloſith them, whare thei may no whare get,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line428" id = "line428">428</a></span>
+Vn to the day, the wich he to them set.</p>
+<p>Than goith the clerk<i>is</i> ſadly to awyß</p>
+<p>Of this mat<i>er</i>, to ſeing in what wyß</p>
+<p>The king<i>is</i> drem thei ſhal beſt ſpecefy.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The masters of astronomy fetch their books,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line432" id = "line432">432</a></span>
+And than the maiſtris of aſtronomy</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT10" id = "noteT10" href = "#tagT10">10</a>
+So in MS. Read “fet.”</p>
+
+<p>The book<i>is</i> longyne to ther artis set;<a class = "tag" name =
+"tagT10" id = "tagT10" href = "#noteT10">10</a></p>
+<p>Not was the buk<i>is</i> of arachell forget,</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page14" id = "page14" href = "#notes14">14</a></span>
+
+<p>Of nembrot, of danȝhelome, thei two,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line436" id = "line436">436</a></span>
+Of moyſes, <i>and</i> of herynes all soo;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and calculate the disposition of the planets.</p>
+<p>And ſeking be ther calcolaciou<i>n</i>e</p>
+<p>To fynd the planet<i>is</i> diſpoſiciou<i>n</i>e,</p>
+<p>The wich thei fond ware wond<i>er</i> ewill yſet</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line440" id = "line440">440</a></span>
+The ſamyne nyght the king his ſweuen met.</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+THEY REFUSE TO EXPLAIN THEM.</span></p>
+
+<p>So ner the point ſocht thei have the thing,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+They found the matter heavy for the king, and doubted if they should
+tell him so.</p>
+<p>Thei fond It wond<i>er</i> hewy to the king,</p>
+<p>Of wich thing thei waryng in to were</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line444" id = "line444">444</a></span>
+To ſhew the king, for dreid of his danger.</p>
+<p>Of ane accorde thei planly haue p<i>ro</i>ponit</p>
+<p>No worde to ſhow, and ſo thei them diſponit.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Being sent for,</p>
+<p>The day is cu<i>m</i>yng, and he haith fore them ſent,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line448" id = "line448">448</a></span>
+Beſichyne them to ſhewing ther entent.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+they all spake, “Sir, we can find no evidence.”</p>
+<p>Than ſpak they all, and that of an accorde;</p>
+<p>“Shir, of this thing we can no thing Recorde,</p>
+<p>For we can noght fynd in til our ſciens</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line452" id = "line452">452</a></span>
+Tweching this mater ony ewydens.”</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+“Ere we part,” quoth the king, “ye shall witness something.”</p>
+<p>“Now,” q<i>uo</i>d the king, “and be the glorius lorde,</p>
+<p>Or we depart ye ſhall ſum thing recorde;</p>
+<p>So pas yhe not, nor ſo It ſall not bee.”</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line456" id = "line456">456</a></span>
+“Than,” q<i>uo</i>d the clerk<i>is</i>, “grant ws dais three.”</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 7.]</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+He grants them three days more.</p>
+<p>The wich he grantid them, and but delay,</p>
+<p>The term paſſith, no thing wold the ſay,</p>
+<p>Wharof the king ſtondith heuy cherith,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line460" id = "line460">460</a></span>
+And to the clerk<i>is</i> his viſag ſo apperith,</p>
+<p>That all thei dred them of the king<i>is</i> myght.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+They pray for a further delay of three days.</p>
+<p>Than ſaith o clerk, “s<i>ir</i>, as the thrid nyght</p>
+<p>Ye dremyt, ſo [now] giffis ws delay</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line464" id = "line464">464</a></span>
+The thrid tyme, and to the thrid day.”</p>
+<p>By whilk tyme thei fundyng haith the ende</p>
+<p>Of this mater, als far as ſhal depend</p>
+<p>To ther ſciens; yit can thei not awyß</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line468" id = "line468">468</a></span>
+To ſchewing to the king be ony wyß.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+They still refuse to declare their thought.</p>
+<p>The day is cum, the king haith them beſocht,</p>
+<p>But one no wyß thei wald declar ther thoght;</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page15" id = "page15" href = "#notes15">15</a></span>
+
+<p>Than was he wroth in to his ſelf and noyt,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The king vows to destroy them;</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT11" id = "noteT11" href = "#tagT11">11</a>
+MS. “ſhat.”</p>
+
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line472" id = "line472">472</a></span>
+And maid his wow that thei ſhal<a class = "tag" name = "tagT11" id =
+"tagT11" href = "#noteT11">11</a> ben diſtroyt.</p>
+<p>His baronis he co<i>m</i>mandit to gar tak</p>
+<p>Fyve of them one to the fir-ſtak,</p>
+<p>And vther fyue be to the gibbot tone;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line476" id = "line476">476</a></span>
+And the furth w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> the king<i>is</i> charg ar gone.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+but secretly charges his knights not to harm them.</p>
+<p>He bad them in to ſecret wyß that thei</p>
+<p>Shud do no harm, but only them aßey.</p>
+<p>The clark<i>is</i>, dredful of the king<i>is</i> Ire,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line480" id = "line480">480</a></span>
+And ſaw the p<i>er</i>ell of deth and of the fyre,</p>
+<p>Fyve, as thei can, has grantit to record;</p>
+<p>That vther herde and ben of ther accorde;</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+INTERPRETATION OF THE DREAMS.</span></p>
+
+<p>And al thei ben yled one to the king,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+They yield at last, and say,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line484" id = "line484">484</a></span>
+And ſhew hyme thus as tueching of this thing.</p>
+<p>“Shir, ſen that we conſtrenyt ar by myght</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT12" id = "noteT12" href = "#tagT12">12</a>
+MS. “wich that.”</p>
+
+<p>To ſhaw that wich<a class = "tag" name = "tagT12" id = "tagT12" href
+= "#noteT12">12</a> we knaw no thing aricht;</p>
+<p>For thing to cum preſeruith It allan</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line488" id = "line488">488</a></span>
+To hyme the wich is euery thing c<i>er</i>tañ,</p>
+<p>Excep the thing that til our knawleg hee</p>
+<p>Hath ordynat of certan for to bee;</p>
+<p>Therfor, ſhir king, we your magnificens</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line492" id = "line492">492</a></span>
+Beſeich It turne till ws to non offens,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+“Hold us not as liars, though it happen not as we say.</p>
+<p>Nor hald was no<i>ch</i>t as lear<i>is</i>, thoght It fall</p>
+<p>Not in this mat<i>er</i>, as that we telen ſhall.”</p>
+<p>And that the king haith grantit them, <i>and</i> thei</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line496" id = "line496">496</a></span>
+Has chargit one, that one this wiß ſall ſeye.</p>
+<p>“Preſumyth, ſhir, that we have fundyne so;</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT13" id = "noteT13" href = "#tagT13">13</a>
+MS. “nediſt;” but see <a href = "#line516">l.&nbsp;518</a>.</p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+You must forego all earthly honour;</p>
+<p>All erdly honore ye nedis<a class = "tag" name = "tagT13" id =
+"tagT13" href = "#noteT13">13</a> moſt for-go,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 7 <i>b</i>.]</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and those on whom you most rely, will fail you.”</p>
+<p>And them the wich ye moſt affy in-tyll</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line500" id = "line500">500</a></span>
+Shal failye ȝow, magre of ther will;</p>
+<p>And thus we haue in to this matere founde.”</p>
+<p>The king, quhois hart was al wyth dred ybownd,</p>
+<p>And aſkit at the clerk<i>is</i>, if thei fynde</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line504" id = "line504">504</a></span>
+By there clergy, that ſtant i<i>n</i> ony kynde</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page16" id = "page16" href = "#notes16">16</a></span>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The king asks if his destiny can be altered.</p>
+<p>Of poſſibilitee, fore to reforme</p>
+<p>His deſteny, that ſtud in ſuch a forme;</p>
+<p>If in the hewyne Is preordynat</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line508" id = "line508">508</a></span>
+On ſuch o wiß his honor to tranſlat.</p>
+<p>The clerk<i>is</i> ſaith, “forſuth, and we haue ſene</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+They reply, that the matter is dark.</p>
+<p>O thing whar-of, if we the trouth ſhal meñ,</p>
+<p>Is ſo obſcure and dyrk til our clergye,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line512" id = "line512">512</a></span>
+That we wat not what It ſhal ſignefye,</p>
+<p>Wich cauſith ws we can It not furth ſay.”</p>
+<p>“Yis,” q<i>uo</i>d the king, “as lykith yow ye may,</p>
+<p>For wers than this can nat be ſaid for me.”</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+A master says, there is no help but in the true watery lion, and in the
+leech, and in the flower.</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+THE CLERKS GIVE MYSTERIOUS ADVICE.</span></p>
+
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line516" id = "line516">516</a></span>
+Thane ſaith o maiſtir, “than ſuthly th<i>us</i> finde we;</p>
+<p>Thar is no thing ſal ſucour nor reſkew,</p>
+<p>Your worldly honore nedis moſt adew,</p>
+<p>But throuch the watrye lyone <i>and</i> ek fyne,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line520" id = "line520">520</a></span>
+On throuch the liche <i>and</i> ek the wattir ſyne,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+God knows what this should mean.</p>
+<p>And throuch the conſeill of the flour; god wot</p>
+<p>What this ſhude meñ, for mor ther-of we not.”</p>
+<p>No word the king anſuerid ayane,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line524" id = "line524">524</a></span>
+For al this reſone thinkith bot i<i>n</i> weyne.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The king shews no outward grief,</p>
+<p>He ſhawith outwart his contenans</p>
+<p>As he therof takith no greuans;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+but is not rid of anxiety all night.</p>
+<p>But al the nyght it paſſid nat his thoght.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line528" id = "line528">528</a></span>
+The dais courß w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> ful deſir he ſocht,</p>
+<p>And furth he goith to bring his mynd i<i>n</i> reſt</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Next day he goes to the forest.</p>
+<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> mony O knyght vn to the gret foreſt;</p>
+<p>The rachis gon wn-copelit for the deire,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line532" id = "line532">532</a></span>
+That in the wodis makith nois <i>and</i> cheir:</p>
+<p>The knycht<i>is</i>, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> the grewhund<i>is</i> in
+aweit,</p>
+<p>Secith boith the planis and the ſtreit.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The chase.</p>
+<p>Doune goith the hart, doune goith the hynd alſo;</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT14" id = "noteT14" href = "#tagT14">14</a>
+A line must here be lost, but there is nothing to shew this in the MS.
+The inserted line is imitated from <a href =
+"#line3292">l.&nbsp;3293</a>.</p>
+
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line536" id = "line536">536</a></span>
+[In to the feld can ruſching to and fro]<a class = "tag" name = "tagT14"
+id = "tagT14" href = "#noteT14">14</a></p>
+<p>The ſwift grewhund, hardy of aſſay;</p>
+<p>Befor ther hedis no thing goith away.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page17" id = "page17" href = "#notes17">17</a></span>
+
+<p>The king of hunting takith haith his ſport,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The king returns.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line540" id = "line540">540</a></span>
+And to his palace home he can Reſort,</p>
+<p>Ayan the noon; and as that he was set</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 8.]</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+As they sit at meat, an aged knight enters, fully armed.</p>
+<p>Vith all his noble knyght<i>is</i> at the met,</p>
+<p>So cam ther in an agit knyght, <i>and</i> hee</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line544" id = "line544">544</a></span>
+Of gret eſſtat ſemyt for to bee;</p>
+<p>Anarmyt all, as tho It was the gyß,</p>
+<p>And thus the king he ſaluſt, one this wiß,</p>
+
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+GALIOT’S MESSAGE.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote break">
+The knight’s message is that king Galiot bids Arthur to yield to him his
+kingdom.</p>
+<p>“<span class = "dropcap">S</span>hir king, one to yow am y ſende</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line548" id = "line548">548</a></span>
+Frome the worthieſt that i<i>n</i> world is kend,</p>
+<p>That leuyth now of his tyme and age,</p>
+<p>Of manhed, wiſdome, <i>and</i> of hie curag,</p>
+<p>Galiot, ſone of the fare gyande;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line552" id = "line552">552</a></span>
+And thus, at ſhort, he bid<i>is</i> yow your londe</p>
+<p>Ye yald hyme our, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>out Impedyment;</p>
+<p>Or of hyme holde, and if tribut and rent.</p>
+<p>This is my charge at ſhort, whilk if youe leſt</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line556" id = "line556">556</a></span>
+For to fulfill, of al he haith conqueſt</p>
+<p>He ſais that he moſt tendir ſhal youe hald.”</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The king refuses.</p>
+<p>By ſhort awys the king his anſuer yald;</p>
+<p>“Shir kny<i>ch</i>t, your lorde wondir hie pretendis,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line560" id = "line560">560</a></span>
+When he to me ſic ſalutatioune send<i>is</i>;</p>
+<p>For I as yit, in tymys that ar gone,</p>
+<p>Held neu<i>er</i> lond excep of god alone,</p>
+<p>Nore neu<i>er</i> thinkith til erthly lord to yef</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line564" id = "line564">564</a></span>
+Trybut nor rent, als long as I may lef.”</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The knight replies, that his lord bids him defiance, and will invade his
+land in a month;</p>
+<p>“Well,” q<i>uo</i>d the kny<i>ch</i>t, “ful ſor repentith me;</p>
+<p>Non may reciſt the thing the wich mone bee.</p>
+<p>To yow, ſ<i>ir</i> king, than frome my lord am I</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line568" id = "line568">568</a></span>
+With diffyans ſent, and be this reſone why;</p>
+<p>His purpos Is, or this day moneth day,</p>
+<p>With all his oſt, planly to aſſay</p>
+<p>Your lond, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> mony ma<i>n</i>ly man of were,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+not to return till he has conquered;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line572" id = "line572">572</a></span>
+And helmyt kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i>, boith with ſheld <i>and</i>
+ſpere;</p>
+<p>And neu<i>er</i> thinkith to retwrn home whill</p>
+<p>That he this lond haith conqueſt at his will;</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page18" id = "page18" href = "#notes18">18</a></span>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and he intends to possess queen Vanour.</p>
+<p>And ek vanour the quen, of whome that hee</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line576" id = "line576">576</a></span>
+Herith report of al this world that ſhee</p>
+<p>In fairhed and in wertew doith excede,</p>
+<p>He bad me ſay he think<i>is</i> to poſſede.”</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+ARTHUR DEFIES GALIOT.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Arthur returns his defiance.</p>
+<p>“Schir,” q<i>uod</i> the king, “your meſag me behuf<i>is</i></p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line580" id = "line580">580</a></span>
+Of reſone and of curtaſy excuſß;</p>
+<p>But tueching to your lord <i>and</i> to his oſt,</p>
+<p>His powar [and] his meſag and his boſt,</p>
+<p>That pretendith my lond for to diſtroy,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line584" id = "line584">584</a></span>
+Thar-of as ȝit tak I non anoye;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 8 <i>b</i>.]</p>
+<p>And ſay your lord one my behalf, when hee</p>
+<p>Haith tone my lond, that al the world ſhal see</p>
+<p>That It ſhal be magre myne entent.”</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The knight departs, lamenting Arthur’s adventurous spirit.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line588" id = "line588">588</a></span>
+With that the kny<i>ch</i>t, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>outen leif, is went,</p>
+<p>And richt as he was paſing to the dure,</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT15" id = "noteT15" href = "#tagT15">15</a>
+MS. “agod<sup>e</sup>.”</p>
+
+<p>He ſaith, “a gode!<a class = "tag" name = "tagT15" id = "tagT15" href
+= "#noteT15">15</a> what wykyt aduenture</p>
+<p>Apperith!” w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> that his hors he nome,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line592" id = "line592">592</a></span>
+Two knicht<i>is</i> kepit, waiting h<i>is</i> outcome.</p>
+<p>The kni<i>ch</i>t is gon, the king he gan Inquere</p>
+<p>At gawan, and at other kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> sere,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Arthur asks Gawane who Galiot is.</p>
+<p>If that thei knew or eu<i>er</i> hard recorde</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line596" id = "line596">596</a></span>
+Of galiot, and wharof he wes lorde;</p>
+<p>And ther was non among his kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> all</p>
+<p>Which anſuerd o word in to the hall.</p>
+<p>Than galygantynis of walys raſe,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Galygantynis of Wales replies,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line600" id = "line600">600</a></span>
+That trauelit in diu<i>er</i>ß lond<i>is</i> has,</p>
+<p>In mony kny<i>ch</i>tly aue<i>n</i>tur haith ben;</p>
+<p>And to the king he ſaith, “ſ<i>ir</i>, I haue sen</p>
+<p>Galiot, which is the fareſt kny<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+that Galiot is the tallest knight by half a foot of all he ever saw;
+that he is wise, liberal, humble,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line604" id = "line604">604</a></span>
+And hieſt be half a fut one hycht,</p>
+<p>That eu<i>er</i> I saw, and ek his me<i>n</i> accordith;</p>
+<p>Hyme lakid no<i>ch</i>t that to a lord recordith.</p>
+<p>For viſare of his ag is non than hee,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line608" id = "line608">608</a></span>
+And ful of larges and humylytee;</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page19" id = "page19" href = "#notes19">19</a></span>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+courageous, and under xxiv years of age.</p>
+<p>An hart he haith of paſing hie curag,</p>
+<p>And is not xxiiij ȝer of age,</p>
+<p>And of his tyme mekil haith conquerit;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Ten kings obey him.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line612" id = "line612">612</a></span>
+Ten king<i>is</i> at his <i>com</i>mand ar ſterit.</p>
+<p>He v<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> his me<i>n</i> ſo louit is, y geß,</p>
+<p>That hyme to pleß is al ther beſynes.</p>
+<p>Not ſay I this, ſ<i>ir</i>, in to ye entent</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line616" id = "line616">616</a></span>
+That he, nor none wnd<i>er</i> the firmame<i>n</i>t,</p>
+<p>Shal pouere haue ayane your maieſtee;</p>
+<p>And or thei ſhuld, this y ſey for mee,</p>
+<p>Rather I ſhall kny<i>ch</i>tly in to feild</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line620" id = "line620">620</a></span>
+Reſaue my deith anarmyt wnd<i>er</i> ſheld.</p>
+<p>This ſpek y leſt;”&mdash;the king, ayan the morn,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The king goes again to the chase.</p>
+<p>Haith varnit huntar<i>is</i> baith with hund <i>and</i> horne,</p>
+<p>And arly gan one to the foreſt ryd,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line624" id = "line624">624</a></span>
+With mony manly knyght<i>is</i> by h<i>is</i> ſid,</p>
+<p>Hyme for to ſport and comfort w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> the dere,</p>
+<p>Set contrare was the ſeſone of y<sup>e</sup> yere.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+He likes boar-hunting best.</p>
+<p>His moſt huntyng was atte wyld bore;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 9.]</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line628" id = "line628">628</a></span>
+God wot a luſtye cuntree was It thoore,</p>
+<p>In the ilk tyme! weil long this noble king</p>
+<p>In to this lond haith maid his ſuiornyng;</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+THE LADY OF MELYHALT’S MESSAGE.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+A messenger comes from the lady of Melyhalt,</p>
+<p>Frome the lady was send o meſinger</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line632" id = "line632">632</a></span>
+Of melyhalt, wich ſaith one this maner,</p>
+<p>As that the ſtory ſhewith by recorde:</p>
+
+<p class = "break">“<span class = "dropcap">T</span>O yow, ſ<i>ir</i>
+king, as to hir ſou<i>er</i>an lorde,</p>
+<p>My lady hath me chargit for to ſay</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line636" id = "line636">636</a></span>
+How that your lond ſtondith i<i>n</i> affray;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+to say that Galiot has entered Arthur’s land,</p>
+<p>For galiot, ſone of the fare gyande,</p>
+<p>Enterit Is by armys in your land,</p>
+<p>And ſo the lond and cuntre he anoyth,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line640" id = "line640">640</a></span>
+That quhar he goith planly he diſtroyth,</p>
+<p>And makith al obeiſand to his honde,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and has conquered all but two castles belonging to his mistress.</p>
+<p>That nocht is left wnconqueſt i<i>n</i> that lond,</p>
+<p>Excep two caſtell<i>is</i> longing to hir cwre,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line644" id = "line644">644</a></span>
+Wich to defend ſhe may no<i>ch</i>t long endure.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page20" id = "page20" href = "#notes20">20</a></span>
+
+<p>Wharfor, ſ<i>ir</i>, in word<i>is</i> plan <i>and</i> ſhort,</p>
+<p>Ye mon diſpone your folk for to ſupport.”</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The king promises not to delay, and inquires the number of the foe.</p>
+<p>“Wel,” q<i>uod</i> the king, “one to thi lady ſay</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line648" id = "line648">648</a></span>
+The neid is myne, I <ins class = "correction"
+title = "text unchanged: error for ‘sall’ (with long s)?">fall</ins> It not delay;</p>
+<p>But what folk ar thei ne<i>m</i>myt for to bee,</p>
+<p>That in my lond is cu<i>m</i>yne in ſich degree?”</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+“A hundred thousand,” is the reply.</p>
+<p>“An hundreth thouſand boith vith ſheld <i>and</i> ſpere</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line652" id = "line652">652</a></span>
+On hors ar armyt, al redy for the were.”</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+ARTHUR’S READINESS FOR WAR.</span></p>
+
+<p>“Wel,” q<i>uo</i>d the king, “and but delay this ny<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p>Or than to morn as that the day is lycht,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The king says he will set off that very night.</p>
+<p>I ſhal remuf; ther ſhal no thing me mak</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line656" id = "line656">656</a></span>
+Impedyme<i>n</i>t, my Iorney for to tak.”</p>
+<p>Than ſeith his kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> al w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> one
+aſſent,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+His knights advise him to wait till he has raised an army.</p>
+<p>“Shir, that is al contrare our entent;</p>
+<p>For to your folk this mater is wnwiſt,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line660" id = "line660">660</a></span>
+And ye ar here our few for to reciſt</p>
+<p>Ȝone power, and youre cuntre to defende;</p>
+<p>Tharfor abid, and for your folk ye send,</p>
+<p>That lyk a king and lyk a weriour</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line664" id = "line664">664</a></span>
+Ye may ſuſten in armys your honoure.”</p>
+<p>“Now,” q<i>uod</i> the king, “no langer that I ȝeme</p>
+<p>My crowne, my ſepture, nor my dyademe,</p>
+<p>Frome that I here, ore frome I wnd<i>er</i>ſtand,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line668" id = "line668">668</a></span>
+That ther by fors be entrit in my land</p>
+<p>Men of armys, by ſtrenth of vyolens,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+He refuses to wait longer than till the morrow.</p>
+<p>If that I mak abid or reſydens</p>
+<p>In to o place langar than o ny<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line672" id = "line672">672</a></span>
+For to defend my cuntre <i>and</i> my ry<i>ch</i>t.”</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 9 <i>b</i>.]</p>
+<p>The king that day his meſage haith furth sent</p>
+<p>Throuch al his realme, and ſyne to reſt is went.</p>
+
+<p class = "break"><span class = "dropcap">U</span>p goith the morow, wp
+goith the bry<i>ch</i>t day,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line676" id = "line676">676</a></span>
+Wp goith the sone in to his freſh aray;</p>
+<p>Richt as he ſpred his bemys frome northeſt,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The king arises next morning without delay,</p>
+<p>The king wpraß w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>outen more areſt,</p>
+<p>And by his awn conſeil and entent</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line680" id = "line680">680</a></span>
+His Iornaye tuk at ſhort awyſment.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page21" id = "page21" href = "#notes21">21</a></span>
+
+<p>And but dulay he goith frome place to place</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT16" id = "noteT16" href = "#tagT16">16</a>
+MS. “whare that,” with slight scratch through “that.”</p>
+
+<p>Whill that he cam nere whare<a class = "tag" name = "tagT16" id =
+"tagT16" href = "#noteT16">16</a> the lady was,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and reaches a plain by the river side,</p>
+<p>And in one plane, apone o reuer ſyde,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line684" id = "line684">684</a></span>
+He lichtit doune, and ther he can abide;</p>
+<p>And yit w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> hyme to batell fore to go</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+having only seven thousand with him.</p>
+<p>Vij thousand fechter<i>is</i> war thei, <i>and</i> no mo.</p>
+
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+LANCELOT’S LAMENT.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "break"><span class = "dropcap">T</span>his was the lady, of
+qwhome befor I tolde,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Lancelot, having been imprisoned by the lady of Melyhalt,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line688" id = "line688">688</a></span>
+That lancilot haith in to hir kepinge holde;</p>
+<p>But for to tell his paſing hewyneſſe,</p>
+<p>His peyne, his ſorow, and his gret diſtreſſe</p>
+<p>Of preſone and of loues gret ſuppris,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line692" id = "line692">692</a></span>
+It war to long to me for to dewys.</p>
+<p>When he reme<i>m</i>brith one his hewy charge</p>
+<p>Of loue, wharof he can hyme not diſcharge,</p>
+<p>He wepith and he ſorowith in his chere,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line696" id = "line696">696</a></span>
+And euery nyght ſemyth hyme o yere.</p>
+<p>Gret peite was the ſorow that he maad,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+laments his fate.</p>
+<p>And to hyme-ſelf apone this wiß he ſaade:</p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote break">
+Lancelot’s lament;</p>
+<p>“<span class = "dropcap">Q</span>what haue y gilt, allace! or qwhat
+deſ<i>er</i>uit?</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line700" id = "line700">700</a></span>
+That thus myne hart ſhal vondit ben <i>and</i> carwit</p>
+<p class = "indent">One by the ſuord of double peine and wo?</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+his pleasure is gone;</p>
+<p class = "indent">My comfort and my pleſans is ago,</p>
+<p>To me is nat that ſhuld me glaid reſeruit.</p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote break">
+he curses his natal day;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line704" id = "line704">704</a></span>
+I curß the tyme of myne Natiuitee,</p>
+<p>Whar in the heuen It ordinyd was for me,</p>
+<p class = "indent">In all my lyue neu<i>er</i> til haue eeß;</p>
+<p class = "indent">But for to be example of diſeß,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line708" id = "line708">708</a></span>
+And that apperith that eu<i>er</i>y vicht may see.</p>
+
+<p class = "break">
+Sen thelke tyme that I had ſufficians</p>
+<p>Of age, and chargit thoght<i>is</i> ſufferans,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+he has never spent a single day free from anxiety,</p>
+<p class = "indent">Nor neu<i>er</i> I <i>con</i>tinewite haith o
+day</p>
+<p class = "indent"><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line712" id = "line712">712</a></span>
+With-out the payne of thoght<i>is</i> hard aſſay;</p>
+<p>Thus goith my youth in tempeſt <i>and</i> penans.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page22" id = "page22" href = "#notes22">22</a></span>
+
+<p class = "sidenote break">
+and is now in prison;</p>
+<p>And now my body is In preſone broght;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 10.]</p>
+<p>But of my wo, that in Regard is noght,</p>
+<p class = "indent"><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line716" id = "line716">716</a></span>
+The wich myne hart felith euer more.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and invokes Death.</p>
+<p class = "indent">O deth, allace! whi hath yow me forbore</p>
+<p>That of remed haith the ſo long beſoght!”</p>
+
+<p class = "break">
+Thus neu<i>er</i>emore he ſeſith to compleine,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line720" id = "line720">720</a></span>
+This woful knyght that felith not bot peine;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Thus the smart of love’s sorrow pricketh him.</p>
+<p>So prekith hyme the ſmert of loues ſore,</p>
+<p>And eu<i>er</i>y day encreſſith more and more.</p>
+<p>And with this lady takine is alſo,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+He is kept by her from the exercise of knighthood;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line724" id = "line724">724</a></span>
+And kepit whar he may no whare go</p>
+<p>To haunt knychthed, the wich he moſt deſirit;</p>
+<p>And, thus his hart w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> dowbil wo yfirite,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and there we let him dwell.</p>
+<p>We lat hyme duel here with the lady ſtill,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line728" id = "line728">728</a></span>
+Whar he haith laiſere for to compleine his fyll.</p>
+
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+GALIOT BESIEGES A CASTLE.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote break">
+Meanwhile, Galiot besieged a castle.</p>
+<p><span class = "dropcap">A</span>nd galiot in this meyne tyme he
+laie</p>
+<p>By ſtrong myght o caſtell to aſſay,</p>
+<p>With many engyne and diu<i>er</i>ß wais ſere,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line732" id = "line732">732</a></span>
+For of fute folk he had a gret powere</p>
+<p>That bowis bur, and vther Inſtrument<i>is</i>,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+His army had pavilions, tents, and iron-wheeled chariots.</p>
+<p>And with them lede ther palȝonis <i>and</i> ther
+te<i>n</i>t<i>is</i>,</p>
+<p>With mony o ſtrong chariot and cher</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line736" id = "line736">736</a></span>
+With yrne qwhelis and barris long <i>and</i> ſqwar;</p>
+<p>Well ſtuffit with al maner apparell</p>
+<p>That longith to o ſege or to batell;</p>
+<p>Whar-with his oſt was cloſit al about,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line740" id = "line740">740</a></span>
+That of no ſtrenth nedith hyme to dout.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+When he heard of Arthur’s coming,</p>
+<p>And when he hard the cu<i>m</i>yne of the king,</p>
+<p>And of his oſt, and of his gaderyng,</p>
+<p>The wich he reput but of febil myght</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line744" id = "line744">744</a></span>
+Ayanis hyme for to ſuſten the ficht,</p>
+<p>His conſell holl aſſemblit he, but were,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+he assembled his council,</p>
+<p>Ten knight<i>is</i> with other lord<i>is</i> ſere,</p>
+<p>And told theme of the cu<i>m</i>ing of the king,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line748" id = "line748">748</a></span>
+And aſkit them there conſell of that thing.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page23" id = "page23" href = "#notes23">23</a></span>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+who thought it would degrade him, to fight in proper person against so
+few.</p>
+<p>Hyme thoght that it his worſchip wold degrade,</p>
+<p>If he hyme ſelf in p<i>ro</i>pir p<i>er</i>ſone raide</p>
+<p>Enarmyt ayane ſo few menye</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line752" id = "line752">752</a></span>
+As It was told arthur[<i>is</i>] fore to bee;</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+PREPARATION FOR THE BATTLE.</span></p>
+
+<p>And thane the kyng-An-hund<i>er</i>eth-kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i>
+cold,</p>
+<p>(And ſo he hot, for neu<i>er</i>more he wolde</p>
+<p>Ryd of his lond, but In his cu<i>m</i>pany</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line756" id = "line756">756</a></span>
+O hundyre knyght<i>is</i> ful of chiuellry).</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 10 <i>b</i>.]</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The king of a hundred knights (Maleginis) undertakes the exploit;</p>
+<p>He ſaith, “shir, ande I one hond [may] tak,</p>
+<p>If It you pleß, this Iorney ſhal I mak.”</p>
+<p>Quod galiot, “I grant It yow, but ye</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line760" id = "line760">760</a></span>
+Shal firſt go ryd, yone kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> oſt <i>and</i> see.”</p>
+<p>With-outen more he ridith our the plan,</p>
+<p>And ſaw the oſt and is returnyd ayañ;</p>
+<p>And callit them mo than he hade ſen, for why</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line764" id = "line764">764</a></span>
+He dred the reprefe of his cumpany.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+who reconnoitres Arthur’s host, and says it is 10,000 strong: whereon
+Galiot charges him to take the same number.</p>
+<p>And to his lord apone this wys ſaith hee,</p>
+<p>“Shir, ten thouſand y ges them for to bee.”</p>
+<p>And galiot haith chargit hyme to tak</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line768" id = "line768">768</a></span>
+Als fell folk, and for the feld hyme mak.</p>
+<p>And ſo he doith and haith them wel Arayt;</p>
+<p>Apone the morne his banaris war diſplayt.</p>
+
+<p class = "break"><span class = "dropcap">U</span>p goth the
+trumpet<i>is</i> with the clariou<i>ni</i>s,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line772" id = "line772">772</a></span>
+Ayaine the feld blawen furth ther ſownis,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Galiot’s host set out.</p>
+<p>Furth goth this king w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> al his oſt anon.</p>
+<p>Be this the word wes to king arthur gone,</p>
+<p>That knew no thing, nor wiſt of ther entent,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Arthur’s host don their armour.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line776" id = "line776">776</a></span>
+But ſone his folk ar one to armys went;</p>
+<p>But arthur by Report hard saye</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Arthur, hearing that Galiot is unarmed, will not arm himself;</p>
+<p>How galiot non armys bur that day,</p>
+<p>Wharfor he thoght of armys nor of ſheld</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line780" id = "line780">780</a></span>
+None wald he tak, nor mak hyme for the feld.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+but calls Gawane, and tells him how to order his battalions.</p>
+<p>But gawane haith he clepit, was hyme by,</p>
+<p>In qwhome Rignith the flour of cheuelry;</p>
+<p>And told one what man<i>er</i>, and one what wyß</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line784" id = "line784">784</a></span>
+He ſhuld his batelles ordand and dewys;</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page24" id = "page24" href = "#notes24">24</a></span>
+
+<p>Beſeching hyme, [hyme] wiſly to for-see</p>
+<p>Aȝaine thei folk, wich was far mo than hee.</p>
+<p>He knew the charg and paſſith one his way</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line788" id = "line788">788</a></span>
+Furth to his horß, and makith no dulay;</p>
+<p>The clariou<i>n</i>is blew and furth goth al onoñ,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Gawane and his men cross over the water at the ford.</p>
+<p>And our ye watt<i>er</i> and the furd ar goñe.</p>
+<p>Within o playne vpone that other ſyd</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line792" id = "line792">792</a></span>
+Ther gawan gon his batellis to dewide,</p>
+<p>As he wel couth, and set them i<i>n</i> aray,</p>
+<p>Syne with o manly contynans can ſay,</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+GAWANE HARANGUES HIS MEN.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+He harangues his men.</p>
+<p>“Ye falowis wich of the round table beñ,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line796" id = "line796">796</a></span>
+Through al this erth whois fam is hard <i>and</i> ſen,</p>
+<p>Reme<i>m</i>brith now It ſtondith one the poynt,</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT17" id = "noteT17" href = "#tagT17">17</a>
+At the bottom of this page appears for the first time a catchword, which
+is&mdash; “The wel fare.”</p>
+
+<p>For why It lyith one your ſperis poynt,<a class = "tag" name =
+"tagT17" id = "tagT17" href = "#noteT17">17</a></p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 11.]</p>
+<p>The well-fare of the king and of our londe;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line800" id = "line800">800</a></span>
+And ſen the ſucour lyith in your honde,</p>
+<p>And hardement is thing ſhall moſt awaill</p>
+<p>Frome deth ther men of armys in bataill,</p>
+<p>Lat now your ma<i>n</i>hed and your hie curage</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line804" id = "line804">804</a></span>
+The pryd of al thir multitude aſſuage;</p>
+<p>Deth or defence, non other thing we wot.”</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Maleginis and all his host come over the plain, and Gawane sends a
+company against them.</p>
+<p>This freſch king, that maleginis was hot,</p>
+<p>With al his oſt he cu<i>m</i>myne our the plañ,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line808" id = "line808">808</a></span>
+And gawan ſend o batell hyme agañ;</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT18" id = "noteT18" href = "#tagT18">18</a>
+Or “berde.”</p>
+
+<p>In myde the borde,<a class = "tag" name = "tagT18" id = "tagT18" href
+= "#noteT18">18</a> and feſtinit in the ſtell</p>
+<p>The ſperithis poynt, that bitith ſcharp <i>and</i> well;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+But they were all too few; wherefore Gawane sends a second company;</p>
+<p>Bot al to few thei war, and my<i>ch</i>t no<i>ch</i>t leſt</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line812" id = "line812">812</a></span>
+This gret Rout that cu<i>m</i>myth one ſo faſt.</p>
+<p>Than haith ſ<i>ir</i> gawan ſend, them to ſupport,</p>
+<p>One othir batell with one kny<i>ch</i>tly sorte;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+then a third; then a fourth; and then sets out himself, to resist the
+10,000.</p>
+<p>And ſyne the thrid, and ſyne the ferde alſo;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line816" id = "line816">816</a></span>
+And ſyne hyme-ſelf one to the feld can go,</p>
+<p>When that he ſauch thar latt<i>er</i> batell ſteir,</p>
+<p>And the ten thouſand cu<i>m</i>myne al thei veir;</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page25" id = "page25" href = "#notes25">25</a></span>
+
+<p>Qwhar that of armes prewit he so well,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line820" id = "line820">820</a></span>
+His e<i>n</i>nemys gane his mortall [ſtrokis] fell.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+He goes among them in his courage,</p>
+<p>He goith ymong them in his hie curage,</p>
+<p>As he that had of knyghthed the wſage,</p>
+<p>And couth hyme weill <i>con</i>ten i<i>n</i> to on hour;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line824" id = "line824">824</a></span>
+Aȝaine his ſtrok reſiſtit non armour;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and many other of Arthur’s knights perform wonders.</p>
+<p>And mony kny<i>ch</i>t, that worth ware and bolde,</p>
+<p>War thore with hyme of arthur<i>is</i> houſhold,</p>
+<p>And knyghtly gan one to the feld them bere,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line828" id = "line828">828</a></span>
+And mekil wroght of armys In to were;</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+GAWANE DEFEATS MALEGINIS.</span></p>
+
+<p>S<i>ir</i> gawan than vpone ſuch wyß hyme bure,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Maleginis goeth to discomfiture, and 7,000 of his men flee.</p>
+<p>This othere goith al to diſcu<i>m</i>fitoure;</p>
+<p>Sewyne thouſand fled, <i>and</i> of the feld thei go,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line832" id = "line832">832</a></span>
+Whar-of this king in to his hart was wo,</p>
+<p>For of hyme ſelf he was of hie curage.</p>
+<p>To galiot than ſend he in meſag,</p>
+<p>That he ſhuld help his folk for to defende;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Galiot sends him 30,000 more.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line836" id = "line836">836</a></span>
+And he to hyme hath xxx<sup>te</sup> thousand sende;</p>
+<p>Whar-of this king gladith in his hart,</p>
+<p>And thinkith to Reweng all the ſmart</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 11 <i>b</i>.]</p>
+<p>That he to-for haith ſuffirit and the payne.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+His folk return across the field as thick as hail.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line840" id = "line840">840</a></span>
+And al his folk returnyt Is ayayne</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT19" id = "noteT19" href = "#tagT19">19</a>
+MS. “thilk as (Rayne) haill,” as if it were at first intended to find a
+rime to “ayayne.”</p>
+
+<p>Atour the feld, and cu<i>m</i>myne thilk as haill;<a class = "tag"
+name = "tagT19" id = "tagT19" href = "#noteT19">19</a></p>
+<p>The ſwyft horß goith firſt to the aſſall.</p>
+<p>This noble knyght that ſeith the g<i>r</i>ete forß</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line844" id = "line844">844</a></span>
+Of armyt men, that cu<i>m</i>myne vpone horß,</p>
+<p>To-giddir ſemblit al his falowſchip,</p>
+<p>And thoght them at the ſharp poynt to kep,</p>
+<p>So that thar harm̅ ſhal be ful deir yboght.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line848" id = "line848">848</a></span>
+This vthere folk with ſtraucht courß hath ſocht</p>
+<p>Out of aray atour the larg felld;</p>
+<p>Thar was the ſtrok<i>is</i> feſtnit i<i>n</i> the ſhelde,</p>
+<p>Thei war Reſauit at the ſper<i>is</i> end.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Arthur’s folk receive them manfully.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line852" id = "line852">852</a></span>
+So arthur<i>is</i> folk can manfully defend;</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page26" id = "page26" href = "#notes26">26</a></span>
+
+<p>The formeſt can thar lyues end conclude,</p>
+<p>Whar ſone aſſemblit al the multitude.</p>
+<p>Thar was defens, ther was gret aſſaill,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line856" id = "line856">856</a></span>
+Richt wond<i>er</i>full and ſtrong was y<sup>e</sup> bataill,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+but sustain much pain,</p>
+<p>Whar arthur<i>is</i> folk ſuſtenit mekil payn,</p>
+<p>And kny<i>ch</i>tly them defendit haith aȝaine.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and cannot endure against so many.</p>
+<p>Bot endur thei my<i>ch</i>t, apone no wyß,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line860" id = "line860">860</a></span>
+The multitude and ek the gret ſupp<i>ri</i>ß;</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+GAWANE’S VALIANT DEEDS.</span></p>
+
+<p>But gawan, wich that ſetith al h<i>is</i> payn</p>
+<p>Vpone knyghthed, defendid ſo aȝaine,</p>
+<p>That only in the manhede of this knyght</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line864" id = "line864">864</a></span>
+His folk reIoſit them of his gret myght,</p>
+<p>And ek abaſit hath his ennemys;</p>
+<p>For throw the feld he goith in ſuch wyß,</p>
+<p>And in the preß ſo ma<i>n</i>fully them ſ<i>er</i>uith,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Gawane carves helmets in two, and smites heads off shoulders;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line868" id = "line868">868</a></span>
+His ſuerd atwo the helmys al to-kerwith,</p>
+<p>The hed<i>is</i> of he be the ſhoud<i>er</i>is ſmat;</p>
+<p>The horß goith, of the maiſt<i>er</i> deſolat.</p>
+<p>But what awaleth al his beſynes,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line872" id = "line872">872</a></span>
+So ſtrong and ſo inſufferable vas the preß?</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+but his men recross the ford to go to their lodges.</p>
+<p>His folk are paſſit atour the furdis ilkon,</p>
+<p>Towart ther bretis and to ther luges gon;</p>
+<p>Whar he and many worthy knyght alſo</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line876" id = "line876">876</a></span>
+Of arthur<i>is</i> houß endurit mekill wo,</p>
+<p>That neu<i>er</i> men mar in to armys vroght</p>
+<p>Of manhed, ȝit was It al for noght.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 12.]</p>
+<p>Thar was the ſtrenth, ther was the paſing myght</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Gawane fights alone till night,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line880" id = "line880">880</a></span>
+Of gawan, wich that whill the dirk nyght</p>
+<p>Befor the luges faucht al hyme aloñ,</p>
+<p>When that his falowis entrit ware ilkoñ,</p>
+<p>On arthur<i>is</i> half war mony tan and ſlan;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+when Galiot’s folk return home.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line884" id = "line884">884</a></span>
+And galot<i>is</i> folk Is hame ret<i>u</i>rnyd aȝaine,</p>
+<p>For it was lait; away the oſtis ridith,</p>
+<p>And gawan ȝit apone his horß abidith,</p>
+<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> ſuerd in hond, when thei away var gon,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line888" id = "line888">888</a></span>
+And so for-wrocht hys ly<i>m</i>mys ver ilkon,</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page27" id = "page27" href = "#notes27">27</a></span>
+
+<p>And wondit ek his body vp and doune,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Gawane swoons upon his horse.</p>
+<p>Vpone his horß Right thore he fel in ſwoune;</p>
+<p>And thei hyme tuk <i>and</i> to his lugyne bare,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The king and queen fear he has brought himself to confusion.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line892" id = "line892">892</a></span>
+Boith king and qwen of hyme vare i<i>n</i> diſpare;</p>
+<p>For thei ſuppoſit, throw marwellis that he vroght,</p>
+<p>He had hyme-ſelf to his confuſiou<i>n</i>e broght.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT20" id = "noteT20" href = "#tagT20">20</a>
+See note to this line.</p>
+
+<p class = "indent">[T]his<a class = "tag" name = "tagT20" id = "tagT20"
+href = "#noteT20">20</a> was nere by of melyhalt, the hyll,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line896" id = "line896">896</a></span>
+Whar lanſcelot ȝit was w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> the lady ſtill.</p>
+<p>The kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> of the court [can] paſing hom̅e;</p>
+<p>This ladiis kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> to hir palice com,</p>
+<p>And told to hir, how that the feld was vent,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The lady of Melyhalt hears of Gawane’s deeds;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line900" id = "line900">900</a></span>
+And of gawan, and of his hardyme<i>n</i>t,</p>
+<p>That merwell was his manhed to behold;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and Lancelot also,</p>
+<p>And ſone thir tithing<i>is</i> to the kny<i>ch</i>t vas told,</p>
+<p>That was with wo and hewyneſs oppreſt;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line904" id = "line904">904</a></span>
+So noyith hyme his ſuiorne and his reſt,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+who sends for a knight to take a message to the lady;</p>
+<p>And but dulay one for o kny<i>ch</i>t he send,</p>
+<p>That was moſt ſpeciall with the lady kend.</p>
+<p>He comyne, and the kny<i>ch</i>t vn to hyme ſaid,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line908" id = "line908">908</a></span>
+“Diſpleß yow not, ſ<i>ir</i>, be ȝhe not ill paid,</p>
+<p>So homly thus I yow exort to go,</p>
+<p>To gare my lady ſpek o word or two</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT21" id = "noteT21" href = "#tagT21">21</a>
+MS. “preson<i>er</i>ere.”</p>
+
+<p>With me, that am a carful p<i>re</i>ſonere.”<a class = "tag" name =
+"tagT21" id = "tagT21" href = "#noteT21">21</a></p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line912" id = "line912">912</a></span>
+“S<i>ir</i>, your co<i>m</i>mande y ſhall, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>outen
+were,</p>
+<p>Fulfill;” and to his lady paſſit hee</p>
+<p>In lawly wyß beſiching hir, that ſhe</p>
+<p>Wald grant hyme to pas at his requeſt,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line916" id = "line916">916</a></span>
+Vnto hir kny<i>ch</i>t, ſtood wnd<i>er</i> hir areſt;</p>
+<p>And ſhe, that knew al gentilleß aright,</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT22" id = "noteT22" href = "#tagT22">22</a>
+Read “with” (?).</p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+who comes to his chamber.</p>
+<p>Furth to his chamber paſſit wight<a class = "tag" name = "tagT22" id
+= "tagT22" href = "#noteT22">22</a> the licht.</p>
+
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+LANCELOT PRAYS TO BE RELEASED.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote folio break">[Fol. 12 <i>b</i>.]</p>
+<p><span class = "dropcap">A</span>nd he aroß and ſaluſt Curtaſly</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Lancelot beseeches her to appoint his ransom,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line920" id = "line920">920</a></span>
+The lady, and ſaid, “madem, her I,</p>
+<p>Your preſoner, beſekith yow that ȝhe</p>
+<p>Wold merſy and compaſſione have of me,</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page28" id = "page28" href = "#notes28">28</a></span>
+
+<p>And mak the ranſone wich that I may yeif;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line924" id = "line924">924</a></span>
+I waiſt my tyme in presou<i>n</i>e thus to leife.</p>
+<p>For why I her on be report be told,</p>
+<p>That arthur, with the flour of his houſholde,</p>
+<p>Is cu<i>m</i>myne here, and in this cuntre lyis,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line928" id = "line928">928</a></span>
+And ſtant In danger of his ennemyis,</p>
+<p>And haith aſſemblit; and eft this ſhalt bee</p>
+<p>Within ſhort tyme one new aſſemblee.</p>
+<p>Thar-for, my lady, y youe g<i>ra</i>ce beſech,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line932" id = "line932">932</a></span>
+That I mycht pas, my Ranſon for to fech;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+presuming that some of Arthur’s knights will pay it.</p>
+<p>Fore I p<i>re</i>ſume thar longith to that ſort</p>
+<p>That louid me, and ſhal my nede ſupport.”</p>
+
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+THE LADY AT FIRST REFUSES;</span></p>
+
+<p class = "break">“<span class = "dropcap">S</span>hire kny<i>ch</i>t,
+It ſtant no<i>ch</i>t in ſich dugree;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+She replies that she does not want a ransom, but has imprisoned him for
+his guilt.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line936" id = "line936">936</a></span>
+It is no ranſone wich that cauſith me</p>
+<p>To holden yow, or don yow ſich offens;</p>
+<p>It is your gilt, It is your wiolens,</p>
+<p>Whar-of that I deſir no thing but law,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line940" id = "line940">940</a></span>
+W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>out report your awñ treſpas to knaw.”</p>
+<p>“Madem, your pleſance may ye wel fulfill</p>
+<p>Of me, that am in p<i>re</i>ſone at your will.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+He prays for pardon,</p>
+<p>Bot of that gilt, I was for til excuß,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line944" id = "line944">944</a></span>
+For that I did of werrey nede behwß,</p>
+<p>It tuechit to my honore and my fame;</p>
+<p>I mycht no<i>ch</i>t lefe It but hurting of my nam,</p>
+<p>And ek the knycht was mor to blam than I.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line948" id = "line948">948</a></span>
+But ye, my lady, of your curteſſy,</p>
+<p>Wold ȝe deden my Ransou<i>n</i>e to reſaue,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and begs for liberty:</p>
+<p>Of preſone ſo I my libertee myght haue,</p>
+<p>Y ware ȝolde eu<i>er</i>more [to be] your knyght,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line952" id = "line952">952</a></span>
+Whill that I leif, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> al my holl myght.</p>
+<p>And if ſo be ye lykith not to ma</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+or at least to be allowed to go to the next battle,</p>
+<p>My ra<i>n</i>ſone, [madem,] if me leif to ga</p>
+<p>To the aſſemble, wich ſal be of new;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+under a promise to return at night.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line956" id = "line956">956</a></span>
+And as that I am feithful kny<i>ch</i>t <i>and</i> trew,</p>
+<p>At ny<i>ch</i>t to yow I ent<i>er</i> ſhall aȝaine,</p>
+<p>But if that deth or other lat c<i>er</i>tañ,</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page29" id = "page29" href = "#notes29">29</a></span>
+
+<p>Throw wich I [may] have ſuch Impediment,</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT23" id = "noteT23" href = "#tagT23">23</a>
+MS. “behold.”</p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 13.]</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line960" id = "line960">960</a></span>
+That I be hold,<a class = "tag" name = "tagT23" id = "tagT23" href =
+"#noteT23">23</a> magre myne entent.”</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+BUT AT LAST GRANTS HIS BOON.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+She consents, if he will specify to her his name.</p>
+<p>“S<i>ir</i> kny<i>ch</i>t,” q<i>uo</i>d ſhe, “I grant yow leif,
+w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>thy</p>
+<p>Your name to me that ȝe wil ſpecify.”</p>
+<p>“Madem, as ȝit, ſutly I ne may</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line964" id = "line964">964</a></span>
+Duclar my name, one be no man<i>er</i> way;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+He refuses for the present.</p>
+<p>But I p<i>ro</i>myt, als faſt as I haue tyme</p>
+<p>Conuenient, or may vith-outen cryme,</p>
+<p>I ſhall;” and than the lady ſaith hyme tyll,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line968" id = "line968">968</a></span>
+“And I, ſchir kny<i>ch</i>t, one this condiſcione will</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+She grants him leave, under the proposed condition.</p>
+<p>Grant yow leve, ſo that ye obliſt bee</p>
+<p>For to Return, as ye haue ſaid to me.”</p>
+<p>Thus thei accord, the lady goith to reſt,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line972" id = "line972">972</a></span>
+The ſone diſcending cloſit in the veſt;</p>
+<p>The ferd day was dewyſit for to bee</p>
+<p>Betuex the oſt<i>is</i> of the aſſemblee.</p>
+
+<p class = "break"><span class = "dropcap">A</span>nd galiot Richt arly
+by the day,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line976" id = "line976">976</a></span>
+Ayane the feld he can h<i>is</i> folk aray;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Galiot assembles 40,000 fresh men.</p>
+<p>And fourty thouſand armyt me<i>n</i> haith he,</p>
+<p>That war not at the othir aſſemble,</p>
+<p>Co<i>m</i>mandit to the batell for to gon;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line980" id = "line980">980</a></span>
+“And I my-ſelf,” q<i>uod</i> he, “ſhal me diſpone</p>
+<p>On to the feild aȝaine the thrid day;</p>
+<p>Whar of this were we ſhal the end aſſay.”</p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote break">
+Arthur also provides his men for the field.</p>
+<p><span class = "dropcap">A</span>Nd arthur<i>is</i> folk that come one
+eu<i>er</i>y ſyd,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line984" id = "line984">984</a></span>
+He for the feld can them for to p<i>ro</i>uide,</p>
+<p>Wich ware to few aȝaine the gret affere</p>
+<p>Of galiot ȝit to ſuſten the were.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The knights of Melyhalt join him.</p>
+<p>The kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> al out of the cete roß</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line988" id = "line988">988</a></span>
+Of melyholt, and to the ſemble gois.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The lady secretly provides Lancelot with a red courser, and a shield and
+spear, both red also.</p>
+<p>And the lady haith, in to ſacret wyß,</p>
+<p>Gart for hir kny<i>ch</i>t and preſon<i>er</i> dewyß</p>
+<p>In red al thing, that ganith for the were;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line992" id = "line992">992</a></span>
+His curſeir red, ſo was boith ſcheld <i>and</i> ſpere.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page30" id = "page30" href = "#notes30">30</a></span>
+
+<p><i>And</i> he, to qwham the preſone hath ben ſmart,</p>
+<p>With glaid deſir apone his curſour ſtart;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+He rides towards the field, and halts in a plain by the river-side.</p>
+<p>Towart the feld anon he gan to ryd,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line996" id = "line996">996</a></span>
+And in o plan houit one reu<i>er</i> syde.</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+LANCELOT ENCOURAGES HIMSELF.</span></p>
+
+<p>This kny<i>ch</i>t, the wich that long haith ben i<i>n</i> cag,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Lancelot is encouraged, seeing the blithe morn, the mead, the river, the
+green woods, and the knights and banners.</p>
+<p>He grew in to o freſch <i>and</i> new curage,</p>
+<p>Seing the morow bly<i>th</i>full and amen,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1000" id = "line1000">1000</a></span>
+The med, the Reuer, and the vodis gren,</p>
+<p>The kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> in [ther] armys them arayinge,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 13 <i>b</i>.]</p>
+<p>The baner<i>is</i> ayaine the feld diſplayng,</p>
+<p>His ȝouth in ſtrenth and in p<i>ro</i>ſperytee,</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT24" id = "noteT24" href = "#tagT24">24</a>
+May we read “diuerſytee”?</p>
+
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1004" id = "line1004">1004</a></span>
+And ſyne of luſt the gret aduerſytee.<a class = "tag" name = "tagT24" id
+= "tagT24" href = "#noteT24">24</a></p>
+<p>Thus in his tho<i>ch</i>t reme<i>m</i>bryng at the laſt,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Casting his eyes aside, he sees the queen looking over a parapet.</p>
+<p>Eft<i>er</i>ward one ſyd he gan his Ey to caſt,</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT25" id = "noteT25" href = "#tagT25">25</a>
+MS. “abertes.”</p>
+
+<p>Whar our a bertes<a class = "tag" name = "tagT25" id = "tagT25" href
+= "#noteT25">25</a> lying haith he sen</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1008" id = "line1008">1008</a></span>
+Out to the feld luking was the qwen;</p>
+<p>Sudandly with that his goſt aſtart</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Love catches him by the heart.</p>
+<p>Of loue anone haith caucht hyme by the hart;</p>
+<p>Than ſaith he, “How long ſhall It be so,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1012" id = "line1012">1012</a></span>
+Loue, at yow ſhall wirk me al this wo?</p>
+<p>Apone this wyß to be Infortunat,</p>
+<p>Hir for to ſ<i>er</i>ue the wich thei no thing wate</p>
+<p>What ſufferance I in hir wo endure,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1016" id = "line1016">1016</a></span>
+Nor of my wo, nor of myne aduenture?</p>
+<p>And I wnworthy ame for to attane</p>
+<p>To hir p<i>rese</i>ns, nor dare I noght complane.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+He counsels his heart to help itself at need,</p>
+<p>Bot, hart, ſen at yow knawith ſhe is here,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1020" id = "line1020">1020</a></span>
+That of thi lyue and of thi deith is ſtere,</p>
+<p>Now is thi tyme, now help thi-ſelf at neid,</p>
+<p>And the dewod of eu<i>er</i>y point of dred,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+to forego cowardice,</p>
+<p>That cowardy be none In to the señ,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1024" id = "line1024">1024</a></span>
+Fore and yow do, yow knowis thi peyne, I weyn;</p>
+<p>Yow art wnable eu<i>er</i> to attane</p>
+<p>To hir mercy, or cum be ony mayne.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page31" id = "page31" href = "#notes31">31</a></span>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and to deserve her thanks or die.</p>
+<p>Tharfor y red hir thonk at yow diſſerue,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1028" id = "line1028">1028</a></span>
+Or in hir p<i>rese</i>ns lyk o kny<i>ch</i>t to ſterf.”</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+THE RED KNIGHT’S TRANCE.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Confused with a heavy thought,</p>
+<p>With that confuſit w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> an hewy tho<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p>Wich ner his deith ful oft tyme haith hyme ſo<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p>Deuoydit was his sprit<i>is</i> and his goſt,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1032" id = "line1032">1032</a></span>
+He wiſt not of hyme-ſelf nor of his oſt;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+he [sits] on his horse as still as stone.</p>
+<p>Bot one his horß, als ſtill as ony ſton.</p>
+<p>When that the kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> armyt war ilkon,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The bugles are blown, and the knights are ready on horseback, 20,000 in
+number.</p>
+<p>To warnnyng them vp goith the bludy ſown,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1036" id = "line1036">1036</a></span>
+And eu<i>er</i>y knyght vpone his horß is bown;</p>
+<p>Twenty thouſand armyt men of were.</p>
+<p>The king that day he wold non armys bere;</p>
+<p>His batell<i>is</i> ware devyſit eu<i>er</i>ilkon,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+They are forbidden to cross the fords, but cannot be restrained.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1040" id = "line1040">1040</a></span>
+And them forbad out our the furd<i>is</i> to gon.</p>
+<p>Bot frome that thei ther ennemys haith sen,</p>
+<p>In to ſuch wys thei cout<i>h</i> them noght ſuſteñ;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 14.]</p>
+<p>Bot ovr thei went vithouten more delay,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1044" id = "line1044">1044</a></span>
+And can them one that oy<i>er</i> sid aſſay.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The red knight still halting by the ford, a herald seizes his bridle,
+and bids him awake.</p>
+<p>The red kny<i>ch</i>t ſtill in to his hewy thoght</p>
+<p>Was hufyng ȝit apone the furd, <i>and</i> noght</p>
+<p>Wiſt of hime ſelf; with that a harrold com,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1048" id = "line1048">1048</a></span>
+And ſone the kny<i>ch</i>t he be the brydill nom,</p>
+<p>Saying, “awalk! It is no tyme to ſlep;</p>
+<p>Your worſchip more expedient vare to kep.”</p>
+<p>No word he ſpak, ſo prikith hyme the ſmart</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1052" id = "line1052">1052</a></span>
+Of hevynes, that ſtood vnto his hart.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Two shrews next approach; one takes his shield off his neck,</p>
+<p>Two ſcrewis cam with that, of quhich [that] oñ</p>
+<p>The kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> ſheld ry<i>ch</i>t frome his hals haith
+toñ;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+the other casts water at his ventayle, which causes him to wink, and
+arouse himself.</p>
+<p>That vthir watt<i>er</i> takith atte laſt,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1056" id = "line1056">1056</a></span>
+And in the kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> wentail haith It caſt;</p>
+<p>When that he felt the vatt<i>er</i> that vas cold,</p>
+<p>He wonk, and gan about hyme to behold,</p>
+<p>And thinkith how he ſum-quhat haith myſgoñ.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1060" id = "line1060">1060</a></span>
+With that his ſpere In to his hand haith ton,</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+THE RED KNIGHT FIGHTS LIKE A LION.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+He goes to the field, and sees the first-conquest king.</p>
+<p>Goith to the feild w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>outen vordis more;</p>
+<p>So was he vare whare that there cam before,</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page32" id = "page32" href = "#notes32">32</a></span>
+
+<p>O manly man he was in to al thing,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1064" id = "line1064">1064</a></span>
+And clepit was the ferſt-conquest king.</p>
+<p>The Red kny<i>ch</i>t w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> [the] ſpur<i>is</i> ſmat the
+ſted,</p>
+<p>The tother cam, that of hyme hath no drede;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+They meet.</p>
+<p>With ferß curag ben the kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> met,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1068" id = "line1068">1068</a></span>
+The king his ſpere apone the kny<i>ch</i>t hath set,</p>
+<p>That al in peciß flaw in to the felde;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The red knight, though shieldless, overthrows his foe.</p>
+<p>His hawbrek helpit, ſuppos he had no ſcheld.</p>
+<p>And he the king in to the ſcheld haith ton,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1072" id = "line1072">1072</a></span>
+That horß and man boith to the erd ar gon.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The shrew restores his shield.</p>
+<p>Than to the kny<i>ch</i>t he cu<i>m</i>myth, that haith tan</p>
+<p>His ſheld, to hyme deliu<i>er</i>ith It ayane,</p>
+<p>Beſiching hyme that of his Ignorance,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1076" id = "line1076">1076</a></span>
+That knew hyme nat, as takith no grewance.</p>
+<p>The kny<i>ch</i>t h<i>is</i> ſche[l]d but mor delay haith tak,</p>
+<p>And let hyme go, and no thing to hyme ſpak.</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT26" id = "noteT26" href = "#tagT26">26</a>
+MS. “thei,” altered to “thee,” which is still wrong.</p>
+
+<p>Than thei the<a class = "tag" name = "tagT26" id = "tagT26" href =
+"#noteT26">26</a> wich that ſo at erth haith ſen</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The men of the first-conquest king come to the rescue.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1080" id = "line1080">1080</a></span>
+Ther lord, the ferſt-conqueſt king, y meñ,</p>
+<p>In haiſt thei cam, as that thei var agrevit,</p>
+<p>And manfully thei haith ther king Releuit.</p>
+
+<p class = "indent">[A]nd Arthuris folk, that lykith not to byde,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1084" id = "line1084">1084</a></span>
+In goith the spur<i>is</i> in the ſted<i>is</i> syde;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 14 <i>b</i>.]</p>
+<p>To-giddir thar aſſemblit al the oſt:</p>
+<p>At whois meting many o kny<i>ch</i>t was loſt.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The battle was right cruel to behold.</p>
+<p>The batell was richt crewell to behold,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1088" id = "line1088">1088</a></span>
+Of kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> wich that haith there lyvis ȝolde.</p>
+<p>One to the hart the ſpere goith throw the ſcheld,</p>
+<p>The kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> gaping lyith in the feld.</p>
+<p>The red kny<i>ch</i>t, byrnyng in loues fyre,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1092" id = "line1092">1092</a></span>
+Goith to o kny<i>ch</i>t, als ſwift as ony vyre,</p>
+<p>The wich he perſit throuch <i>and</i> throuch the hart;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The red knight loses his spear, but draws his sword, and roams the field
+like a lion.</p>
+<p>The ſpere is went; w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> that anon he ſtart,</p>
+<p>And out o ſuerd in to his hond he tais;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1096" id = "line1096">1096</a></span>
+Lyk to o lyone in to the feld he gais,</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page33" id = "page33" href = "#notes33">33</a></span>
+
+<p>In to his Rag ſmyting to and fro</p>
+<p>Fro ſum the arm, fro ſum the nek in two,</p>
+<p>Sum in the feild lying is in ſwou<i>n</i>,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Some he cleaves to the belt.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1100" id = "line1100">1100</a></span>
+And sum his ſuerd goith to the belt al douñe.</p>
+<p>For qwhen that he beholdith to the qwen,</p>
+<p>Who had ben thore his manhed to haue sen,</p>
+<p>His doing in to armys and his myght,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1104" id = "line1104">1104</a></span>
+Shwld ſay in world war not ſuch o wight.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+His fellows take comfort from his deeds,</p>
+<p>His falouſchip siche comfort of his dede</p>
+<p>Haith ton, that thei ther ennemys ne dreid;</p>
+<p>But can them-self ay manfoly conten</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1108" id = "line1108">1108</a></span>
+In to the ſtour, that hard was to ſuſten;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+though Galiot’s host was a surpassing multitude.</p>
+<p>For galyot was O paſing multitude</p>
+<p>Of prewit men in armys that war gude,</p>
+<p>The wich can w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> o freſch curag aſſaill</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1112" id = "line1112">1112</a></span>
+Ther ennemys that day In to batell;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Had it not been for the manhood of the red knight, Arthur’s folk had
+been in peril.</p>
+<p>That ne ware not the vorſchip <i>and</i> manhede</p>
+<p>Of the red kny<i>ch</i>t, in p<i>er</i>ell and in dreid</p>
+<p>Arthur<i>is</i> folk had ben, vith-outen vere;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1116" id = "line1116">1116</a></span>
+Set thei var good, thei var of ſmal powere.</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+GAWANE BEHOLDS THE RED KNIGHT.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Gawane is led to the parapet,</p>
+<p>And gawan, wich gart bryng hyme-ſelf befor</p>
+<p>To the bertes, set he was vondit sore,</p>
+<p>Whar the qwen vas, and whar that he my<i>ch</i>t see</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1120" id = "line1120">1120</a></span>
+The manere of the oſt and aſſemble;</p>
+<p>And when that he the gret manhed haith sen</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and saith to the queen, that none ever did better than yon red
+knight.</p>
+<p>Of the red kny<i>ch</i>t, he ſaith one to the qwen,</p>
+<p>“Madem, ȝone knyght in to the armys Rede,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1124" id = "line1124">1124</a></span>
+Nor neu<i>er</i> I hard nore ſaw in to no ſted</p>
+<p>O kny<i>ch</i>t, the wich that in to ſchortar ſpace</p>
+<p>In armys haith mor forton nore mor grace;</p>
+<p>Nore bettir doith boith with ſper and ſcheild,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 15.]</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1128" id = "line1128">1128</a></span>
+He is the hed and comfort of our feild.”</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The queen prays for Lancelot.</p>
+<p>“Now, ſ<i>ir</i>, I traiſt that neu<i>er</i> more vas ſen</p>
+<p>No man in feild more knyghtly hyme <i>con</i>ten;</p>
+<p>I pray to hyme that eu<i>er</i>y thing hath cure,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1132" id = "line1132">1132</a></span>
+Saif hyme fro deth or wykit aduenture.”</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page34" id = "page34" href = "#notes34">34</a></span>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The field was perilous on both sides,</p>
+<p>The feild It was ry<i>ch</i>t p<i>er</i>ellus and ſtrong</p>
+<p>On boith the ſydis, and continewit long,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+from early morn till the sun had gone down.</p>
+<p>Ay from the ſone the varld<i>is</i> face gan licht</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1136" id = "line1136">1136</a></span>
+Whill he was gone <i>and</i> cu<i>m</i>yne vas the nycht;</p>
+<p>And than o forß thei my<i>ch</i>t It not aſſtart,</p>
+<p>On eu<i>er</i>y ſyd behouit them depart.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Every knight then returns home, and the red knight privily goes back to
+the city.</p>
+<p>The feild is don and ham goith eu<i>er</i>y kny<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1140" id = "line1140">1140</a></span>
+And prevaly, unwiſt of any wicht,</p>
+<p>The way the red kny<i>ch</i>t to the cete taiis,</p>
+<p>As he had hecht, <i>and</i> in h<i>is</i> chambre gais.</p>
+<p>When arthure hard how the kny<i>ch</i>t Is gon,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1144" id = "line1144">1144</a></span>
+He blamyt ſore his lordis eu<i>er</i>ilk-one;</p>
+<p>And oft he haith remembrit in his thoght,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Arthur, seeing the multitude of Galiot’s men, recalls his dream,
+saying,</p>
+<p>What multitud that galiot had broght;</p>
+<p>Seing his folk that ware so ewil arayt,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1148" id = "line1148">1148</a></span>
+In to his mynd he ſtondith al affrayt,</p>
+<p>And ſaith, “I traiſt ful ſuth It ſal be founde</p>
+<p>My drem Richt as the clerk<i>is</i> gan expounde;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+“My men now fail me at need.”</p>
+<p>For why my men failȝeis now at neid,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1152" id = "line1152">1152</a></span>
+My-ſelf, my londe, in p<i>er</i>ell and in dreide.”</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+GALIOT PROPOSES A TRUCE.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Galiot tells his council</p>
+<p>And galiot vpone hie worſchip set,</p>
+<p>And his conſell anon he gart be fet,</p>
+<p>To them he ſaith, “with arthur weil ȝe see</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1156" id = "line1156">1156</a></span>
+How that It ſtant, and to qwhat degre,</p>
+<p>Aȝanis ws that he is no poware;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+that there is no honour in conquering Arthur,</p>
+<p>Wharfor, me think, no worſchip to ws ware</p>
+<p>In conqueryng of hyme, nor of his londe,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1160" id = "line1160">1160</a></span>
+He haith no ſtrenth, he may ws not vithſtonde.</p>
+<p>Wharfor, me think It beſt is to delay,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and proposes a twelvemonth’s truce.</p>
+<p>And reſput hyme for a tuelmoñeth day,</p>
+<p>Whill that he may aſſemble al his myght;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1164" id = "line1164">1164</a></span>
+Than is mor worſchip aȝanis hyme to ficht;”</p>
+<p>And thus concludit thoght hyme for the beſt.</p>
+<p>The very kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> paſſing to there Reſt;</p>
+<p>Of melyholt the ladeis kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> ilkone</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1168" id = "line1168">1168</a></span>
+Went home, and to hir p<i>rese</i>ns ar thei gon;</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page35" id = "page35" href = "#notes35">35</a></span>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The lady of Melyholt asks her knights who hath won most honour.</p>
+<p>At qwhome ful ſone than gan ſcho to Inquere,</p>
+<p>And al the maner of the oſt<i>is</i> till spere;</p>
+<p>How that It went, and in what man<i>er</i> wyß,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1172" id = "line1172">1172</a></span>
+Who haith moſt worſchip, <i>and</i> who is moſt to pryß?</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 15 <i>b</i>.]</p>
+<p>“Madem,” q<i>uod</i> thei, “O kny<i>ch</i>t was In the feild,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+They reply, that a red knight had exceeded all others.</p>
+<p>Of Red was al his armour and his ſheld,</p>
+<p>Whois manhed can al otheris to exced,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1176" id = "line1176">1176</a></span>
+May nan report in armys half his deid;</p>
+<p>Ne wor his worſchip, ſhortly to conclud,</p>
+<p>Our folk of help had ben al deſtitud.</p>
+<p>He haith the thonk, the vorſchip in hyme lyis,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1180" id = "line1180">1180</a></span>
+That we the feld defendit in ſich wyß.”</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The lady wonders if her prisoner is meant.</p>
+<p>The lady thane one to hir-ſelf haith tho<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p>“Whether Is ȝone my p<i>re</i>ſonar, ore noght?</p>
+<p>The ſuthfaſtneß that ſhal y wit onon.”</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+THE LADY VISITS LANCELOT.</span></p>
+
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1184" id = "line1184">1184</a></span>
+When euery wight vn to ther Reſt war gon,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+She calls her cousin,</p>
+<p>She clepith one hir cwſynes ful nere</p>
+<p>Wich was to hir moſt ſpeciall and dere,</p>
+<p>And ſaith to hir, “qwheyar if yone bee</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1188" id = "line1188">1188</a></span>
+Our preſoner, my consell Is we see.”</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+who takes a torch, and they go to the stable,</p>
+<p>With that the maden In hir hand hath ton</p>
+<p>O torche, and to the ſtabille ar thei gon;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and find his steed wounded.</p>
+<p>And fond his ſted lying at the ground,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1192" id = "line1192">1192</a></span>
+Wich wery was, ywet w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> mony wounde.</p>
+<p>The maden ſaith, “vpone this horß is ſen,</p>
+<p>He in the place quhar strok<i>is</i> was hath beñ;</p>
+<p>And ȝhit the horß It is no<i>ch</i>t wich that hee</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1196" id = "line1196">1196</a></span>
+Furt<i>h</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> hyme hade;”&mdash;the lady ſaid,
+“p<i>er</i> dee,</p>
+<p>He vſyt haith mo horß than one or two;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Next they view his armour,</p>
+<p>I red one to his armys at we go.”</p>
+<p>Tharwith one to his armys ar thei went;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and find his hauberk rent, and his shield frushed all to naught.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1200" id = "line1200">1200</a></span>
+Thei fond his helm, thei fond his hawbrek rent,</p>
+<p>Thei fond his ſcheld was fruſchit al to no<i>ch</i>t;</p>
+<p>At ſchort, his armour In sich wyß vas vro<i>ch</i>t</p>
+<p>In eu<i>er</i>y place, that no thing was left haill,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1204" id = "line1204">1204</a></span>
+Nore neu<i>er</i> eft accordith to bataill.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page36" id = "page36" href = "#notes36">36</a></span>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+They think he has well used his armour.</p>
+<p>Than ſaith the lady to hir cuſyneß,</p>
+<p>“What ſal we ſay, what of this mat<i>er</i> geß?”</p>
+<p>“Madem, I ſay, thei have no<i>ch</i>t ben abwsyt;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1208" id = "line1208">1208</a></span>
+He that them bur ſchortly he has them vſyt.”</p>
+<p>“That may ȝe ſay, ſuppos the beſt that lewis,</p>
+<p>Or moſt of worſchip in til armys prewis,</p>
+<p>Or ȝhit haith ben in ony tyme beforñ,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1212" id = "line1212">1212</a></span>
+Had them in feld in his maſt curag borñ.”</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+They next visit the knight himself,</p>
+<p>“Now,” q<i>uo</i>d the lady, “will we paß, and see</p>
+<p>The kny<i>ch</i>t hyme-self, and ther the ſut<i>h</i> may we</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT27" id = "noteT27" href = "#tagT27">27</a>
+“then” (?).</p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 16.]</p>
+<p>Knaw of this thing.” Incontynent them<a class = "tag" name = "tagT27"
+id = "tagT27" href = "#noteT27">27</a> boith</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1216" id = "line1216">1216</a></span>
+Thir ladeis vn to his chambre goith.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+who was now asleep.</p>
+<p>The kny<i>ch</i>t al wery fallyng was on ſlep;</p>
+<p>This maden paſſith In, <i>and</i> takith kep.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The lady’s cousin observes his breast and shoulders bloody, his face
+hurt, and his fists swollen.</p>
+<p>Sche ſauch his breſt w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> al his ſchowd<i>er</i>is
+bare,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1220" id = "line1220">1220</a></span>
+That bludy war and woundit her and thare;</p>
+<p>His face was al to-hurt and al to-ſchent,</p>
+<p>His newis ſwellyng war and al to-Rent.</p>
+<p>Sche ſmylyt a lyt, and to hir lady ſaid,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1224" id = "line1224">1224</a></span>
+“It ſemyth weill this kny<i>ch</i>t hath ben aſſaid.”</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+THE LADY IS LOVE-SMITTEN.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The lady next observes him,</p>
+<p>The lady ſauch, and rewit in hir thoght</p>
+<p>The kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> worſchip wich that he haith vroght.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and is smitten to the heart by the dart of love,</p>
+<p>In hire Reme<i>m</i>brance loues fyre dart</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1228" id = "line1228">1228</a></span>
+W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> hot deſyre hir ſmat one to the hart;</p>
+<p>And then a quhill, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-outen word<i>is</i> mo,</p>
+<p>In to hir mynd thinking to and fro,</p>
+<p>She ſtudeit ſo, and at the laſt abraid</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and prays her cousin to draw aside, while she kisses the knight.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1232" id = "line1232">1232</a></span>
+Out of hir tho<i>ch</i>t, and ſudandly thus ſaid,</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT28" id = "noteT28" href = "#tagT28">28</a>
+MS. “alyt.”</p>
+
+<p>“W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-draw,” q<i>uod</i> ſhe, “one ſyd a lyt<a class =
+"tag" name = "tagT28" id = "tagT28" href = "#noteT28">28</a> the
+lyght,</p>
+<p>Or that I paß that I may kyß the knyght.”</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+HER COUSIN REPROVES HER.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Her cousin reproves her,</p>
+<p>“Madem,” q<i>uod</i> ſche, “what is It at ȝe meñ?</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1236" id = "line1236">1236</a></span>
+Of hie worſchip our mekill have ȝe señ</p>
+<p>So sone to be ſupp<i>ri</i>ſit w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> o thoght.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+lest the knight should awake.</p>
+<p>What is It at ȝhe think? p<i>re</i>ſwm ȝe noght</p>
+<p>That if yon kny<i>ch</i>t wil walkin, and p<i>er</i>ſaif,</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page37" id = "page37" href = "#notes37">37</a></span>
+
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1240" id = "line1240">1240</a></span>
+He ſhal yarof no thing bot ewill conſaif;</p>
+<p>In his entent Ruput yow therby</p>
+<p>The ablare to al ly<i>ch</i>tneß and foly?</p>
+<p>And blam the more al vther<i>is</i> in h<i>is</i> mynd,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1244" id = "line1244">1244</a></span>
+If your gret wit in ſich deſire he fynde?”</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The lady replies.</p>
+<p>“Nay,” q<i>uod</i> the lady, “no thing may I do</p>
+<p>For ſich o kny<i>ch</i>t may be defam me to.”</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Her cousin next argues the point;</p>
+<p>“Madem, I wot that for to loue yone kny<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1248" id = "line1248">1248</a></span>
+Conſidir his fame, his worſchip, and h<i>is</i> my<i>ch</i>t;</p>
+<p>And to begyne as worſchip wil dewyß,</p>
+<p>Syne he ayaine my<i>ch</i>t lowe yow one ſuch wyß,</p>
+<p>And hold yow for his lady and his loue,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1252" id = "line1252">1252</a></span>
+It war to yow no maner of Reprwe.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+“What if he loves another?”</p>
+<p>But quhat if he appelit be and thret</p>
+<p>His hart to lowe, and ellis whar y-ſet?</p>
+<p>And wel y wot, madem, if It be so,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1256" id = "line1256">1256</a></span>
+His hart hyme sal not ſuffir to loue two,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 16 <i>b</i>.]</p>
+<p>For noble hart wil have no dowbilneß;</p>
+<p>If It be ſo, ȝhe tyne yowr low, I geß;</p>
+<p>Than is your-ſelf, than is your loue Refuſit,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1260" id = "line1260">1260</a></span>
+Your fam is hurt, your gladneß is concluſit.</p>
+<p>My conſell is, therfore, you to abſten</p>
+<p>Whill that to yow the werray Ry<i>ch</i>t be ſeñ</p>
+<p>Of his entent, the wich ful ſon ȝhe may</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1264" id = "line1264">1264</a></span>
+Have knawlag, If yow lykith to aſſay.”</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+She persuades the lady to return to her chamber, without further
+delay.</p>
+<p>So mokil to hir lady haith ſhe vroght</p>
+<p>That at that tyme ſhe haith Ret<i>ur</i>nyt h<i>ir</i>
+tho<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p>And to hir chambre went, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>outen more,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1268" id = "line1268">1268</a></span>
+Whar loue of new aſſaith hir ful sore.</p>
+<p>So well long thei ſpeking of the kny<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Her cousin labours to expel her love for Lancelot from her thoughts, but
+her labour is in vain.</p>
+<p>Hir cuſynace hath don al at ſhe my<i>ch</i>t</p>
+<p>For to expel that thing out of hir tho<i>ch</i>t;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1272" id = "line1272">1272</a></span>
+It wil not be, hir labour Is for no<i>ch</i>t.</p>
+<p>Now leif we hir In to hir neweſt pan,</p>
+<p>And to arthur we wil retwrn agañ.</p>
+
+<h5>EXPLICIT P<i>RI</i>M<i>US</i> LIBER, INCIPIT SECUND<i>US</i>.</h5>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page38" id = "page38" href = "#notes38">38</a></span>
+
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+ARTHUR’S GREAT ANXIETY.</span></p>
+
+
+<h3>[BOOK II.]</h3>
+
+<p class = "sidenote break">
+Night.</p>
+<p><span class = "dropcap">T</span>he clowdy nyght, wndir whois
+obſcure</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1276" id = "line1276">1276</a></span>
+The reſt and quiet of euery criatur</p>
+<p>Lyith ſauf, quhare the goſt w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> beſyneß</p>
+<p>Is occupiit, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> thoghtfull hewynes;</p>
+<p>And, for that tho<i>ch</i>t furth ſchewing vil h<i>is</i>
+my<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1280" id = "line1280">1280</a></span>
+Go fare-wel reſt and quiet of the ny<i>ch</i>t.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Arthur cannot rest.</p>
+<p>Artur, I meyne, to whome that reſt is no<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p>But al the ny<i>ch</i>t ſuppriſit is with tho<i>ch</i>t;</p>
+<p>In to his bed he turnyth to and fro,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1284" id = "line1284">1284</a></span>
+Remembryng the apperans of his wo,</p>
+<p>That is to ſay, his deith, his confuſioune,</p>
+<p>And of his realme the opin diſtruccioune.</p>
+<p>That in his wit he can no thing p<i>ro</i>wide,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1288" id = "line1288">1288</a></span>
+Bot tak his forton thar for to abyd.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The sun goeth up.</p>
+<p>Vp goith the ſon, vp goith the hot morow;</p>
+<p>The thoghtful king al the ny<i>ch</i>t to ſorow,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 17.]</p>
+<p>That ſauch the day, vpone his feit he ſtart,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Arthur goeth forth.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1292" id = "line1292">1292</a></span>
+And furth he goith, diſtrublit in his hart.</p>
+<p>A quhill he walkith in his penſyf goſt,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+He hears that a clerk has arrived,</p>
+<p>So was he ware thar cu<i>m</i>myne to the oſt</p>
+<p>O clerk, with whome he was aqwynt befor,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1296" id = "line1296">1296</a></span>
+In to his tyme non bett<i>er</i> was y-bore;</p>
+<p>Of qwhois com he gretly vas Reioſit,</p>
+<p>For in to hyme ſum comfort he ſuppoſit;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+between whom and himself there was a hearty affection.</p>
+<p>Betuex them was one hartly affeccioune.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1300" id = "line1300">1300</a></span>
+Non ord<i>er</i>is had he of Relegioune,</p>
+<p>Fam<i>us</i> he was, and of gret excellence,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+He was expert in the seven sciences,</p>
+<p>And ry<i>ch</i>t exp<i>er</i>t in al the vij. ſcience;</p>
+<p>Contemplatif and chaſt in gou<i>er</i>nance,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and was named Amytans.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1304" id = "line1304">1304</a></span>
+And clepit was the maiſt<i>er</i> amytans.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page39" id = "page39" href = "#notes39">39</a></span>
+
+<p>The king befor his palȝou<i>n</i>e one the gren,</p>
+<p>That knew hyme well, <i>and</i> haith his cu<i>m</i>myn ſeñ,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Arthur welcomes him.</p>
+<p>Velcu<i>m</i>myt hyme, and maid hyme ry<i>ch</i>t gud chere,</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+AMYTANS REPROVES ARTHUR.</span></p>
+
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1308" id = "line1308">1308</a></span>
+And he agan, agrewit as he were,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+He recks nothing of Arthur’s salutation.</p>
+<p>Saith, “nothir of thi ſaloſing, nor the,</p>
+<p>Ne rak I no<i>ch</i>t, ne charg I no<i>ch</i>t,” q<i>uo</i>d hee.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The king inquires what trespass he has committed.</p>
+<p>Than q<i>uod</i> the king, “maiſt<i>er</i>, <i>and</i> for what
+why</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1312" id = "line1312">1312</a></span>
+Ar ȝe agrewit? or quhat treſſpas have I</p>
+<p>Co<i>m</i>mytit, ſo that I ſhal yow diſples?”</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+He replies, “It is not against me, but against thyself.</p>
+<p>Quod he, “no thing It is ayane myn eß,</p>
+<p>But only <i>con</i>trare of thi-ſelf alway;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1316" id = "line1316">1316</a></span>
+So fare the courß yow paſſith of the way.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Thy ship is almost drowned in the whirlpool.</p>
+<p>Thi ſchip, that goth apone the ſtormy vall,</p>
+<p>Ney of thi careldis in the ſwelf it fall,</p>
+<p>Whar ſhe almoſt is in the p<i>er</i>ell drent;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1320" id = "line1320">1320</a></span>
+That is to ſay, yow art ſo far myſwent</p>
+<p>Of wykitneß vpone the vrechit dans,</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT29" id = "noteT29" href = "#tagT29">29</a>
+So in MS. Is it necessary to alter it to “strong”?</p>
+
+<p>That yow art fallyng in the storng<a class = "tag" name = "tagT29" id
+= "tagT29" href = "#noteT29">29</a> vengans</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+That is, God’s wrath shall soon devour thee.</p>
+<p>Of goddis wreth, that ſhal the ſon deuour;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1324" id = "line1324">1324</a></span>
+For of his ſtrok approchit now the hour</p>
+<p>That boith thi Ringe, thi ceptre, <i>and</i> thi crovñ,</p>
+<p>Frome hie eſtat he ſmyting ſhal adoune.</p>
+<p>And that accordith well, for in thi tho<i>ch</i>t</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Because thou knowest Him not, who set thee up in this high estate,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1328" id = "line1328">1328</a></span>
+Yow knawith not hyme, the wich that haith the wro<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p>And ſet the vp in to this hie eſtat</p>
+<p>From powert; for, as the-ſelwyne wat,</p>
+<p>It cu<i>m</i>myth al bot only of his myght,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1332" id = "line1332">1332</a></span>
+And not of the, nor of thi eld<i>er</i>is Richt</p>
+<p>To the diſcending, as in heritage,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+though not begotten in spousage.</p>
+<p>For yow was not byget in to spouſag.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 17 <i>b</i>.]</p>
+<p>Wharfor yow aucht his biding to obſerf,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1336" id = "line1336">1336</a></span>
+And at thy my<i>ch</i>t yow ſhuld hyme pleß <i>and</i> ſerf;</p>
+<p>That dois yow nat, for yow art ſo confuſſit</p>
+<p>With this fals warld, that thow haith hyme Refuſit,</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page40" id = "page40" href = "#notes40">40</a></span>
+
+<p>And brokine haith his reul and ordynans,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1340" id = "line1340">1340</a></span>
+The wich to the he gave in gou<i>er</i>nans.</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+THE TYRANNY OF KINGS.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+He made thee king,</p>
+<p>He maid the king, he maid the gou<i>er</i>nour,</p>
+<p>He maid the ſo, and ſet in hie honour</p>
+<p>Of Realmys and of [diuerß] peplis ſere;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1344" id = "line1344">1344</a></span>
+Eft<i>er</i> his loue thow ſhuld them Reul <i>and</i> ſtere,</p>
+<p>And wnoppreſſit kep in to Iuſtice,</p>
+<p>The wykit men and pwnyce for ther wice.</p>
+<p>Yow dois no thing, bot al in the <i>con</i>trare,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and thou sufferest thy people to fare ill.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1348" id = "line1348">1348</a></span>
+And ſuffrith al thi puple to forfare;</p>
+<p>Yow haith non Ey but one thyne awn delyt,</p>
+<p>Or quhat that pleſing ſhall thyne appetyt.</p>
+<p>In the defalt of law and of Iuſtice,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1352" id = "line1352">1352</a></span>
+Wndir thi hond is ſufferyt gret ſuppriß</p>
+<p>Of fadirleß, and modirleß alſo,</p>
+<p>And wedwis ek ſuſtenit mekill wo.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The poor are oppressed.</p>
+<p>With gret myſchef oppreſſit ar the pure;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1356" id = "line1356">1356</a></span>
+And thow art cauß of al this hol Iniure,</p>
+<p>Whar-of that god a raknyng ſal craf</p>
+<p>At the, and a ſore Raknyng ſal hafe;</p>
+<p>For thyne eſtat is gewyne to Redreß</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1360" id = "line1360">1360</a></span>
+Thar ned, and kep them to <ins class = "correction"
+title = "text unchanged: error for ‘rychtwyſneß’?">ry<i>ch</i>twyneß</ins>;</p>
+<p>And thar is non that ther complant<i>is</i> her<i>is</i>;</p>
+<p>The my<i>ch</i>ty folk, and ek the flattereris</p>
+<p>Ar cheif with the, and doith this oppreſſiou<i>n</i>;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+If they complain, it is their confusion.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1364" id = "line1364">1364</a></span>
+If thai complen, It is ther confuſſiou<i>n</i>e.</p>
+<p>And daniell ſaith that who doith to the pure,</p>
+<p>Or fad<i>er</i>leß, or modirleß, EnIure,</p>
+<p>Or to the puple, that ilke to god doth hee;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1368" id = "line1368">1368</a></span>
+And al this harme ſuſtenit Is throw the.</p>
+<p>Yow ſufferith them, oppreſſith <i>and</i> anoyith;</p>
+<p>So yow art cauß, throw the thei ar diſtroyth;</p>
+<p>Than, at thi my<i>ch</i>t, god ſo diſtroys yow.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+What wilt thou do, when God destroys sinners off the visage of the
+earth?</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1372" id = "line1372">1372</a></span>
+What ſhal he do aȝane? quhat ſhal yow,</p>
+<p>When he diſtroys by vengance of his ſuerd</p>
+<p>The ſynar<i>is</i> fra the vysag<i>is</i> of the Erde?</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page41" id = "page41" href = "#notes41">41</a></span>
+
+<p>Than vtraly yow ſhall diſtroyt bee;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1376" id = "line1376">1376</a></span>
+And that Richt weill apper<i>is</i> now of thee,</p>
+<p>For yow allon byleft art ſolitere;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Solomon saith, ‘Wo to him who is left alone! He hath no help.’</p>
+<p>And the wyß salamon can duclar,</p>
+<p>‘Wo be to hyme that is byleft alone,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 18.]</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1380" id = "line1380">1380</a></span>
+He haith no help;’ so Is thi forton goñe;</p>
+<p>For he is callit, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> quhom that god is
+no<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p>Allone; and ſo thi wykitneß haith wro<i>ch</i>t</p>
+<p>That god hyme-ſelf he is bycu<i>m</i>myn thi fo,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Thou hast lost thy people’s hearts,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1384" id = "line1384">1384</a></span>
+Thi pupleis hart<i>is</i> haith thow tynt alſo;</p>
+<p>Thi wykitneß thus haith the maid alon,</p>
+<p>That of this erth thi fortone Is y-goñ.</p>
+<p>Yow mone thi lyf, yow mone thi vorſchip tyne,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and shalt come to death that hath no end.”</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1388" id = "line1388">1388</a></span>
+And eft to deth that neu<i>er</i> ſhal haf fyne.”</p>
+
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+ARTHUR ASKS ADVICE.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "break">“<span class = "dropcap">M</span>aist<i>er</i>,”
+q<i>uo</i>d he, “of yowre beneuolens,</p>
+<p>Y yow beſech that tueching my<i>n</i> offens,</p>
+<p>Ȝhe wald wichſaif your conſell to me If</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Arthur asks how he shall amend,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1392" id = "line1392">1392</a></span>
+How I ſal mend, and ek her-eftir leif.”</p>
+<p>“Now,” q<i>uo</i>d the maiſter, “and I have m<i>er</i>well qwhy</p>
+<p>Yow aſkith conſail, and wil in non affy,</p>
+<p>Nor wyrk thar-by; and ȝhit yow may In tym,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1396" id = "line1396">1396</a></span>
+If yow lykith to amend the cryme.”</p>
+<p>“Ȝhis,” ſaith the king, “and ſuthfaſtly I will</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and promises to fulfil his bidding.</p>
+<p>Ȝour ordynans in eu<i>er</i>y thing fulfyll.”</p>
+<p>“And if the liſt at conſail to abide,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The master replies, “Thou must first dread the Lord.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1400" id = "line1400">1400</a></span>
+The remed of thi harme to p<i>ro</i>uyde&mdash;</p>
+<p>Firſt, the begyning is of ſapiens,</p>
+<p>To dreid the lord and his mag<i>ni</i>ficens;</p>
+<p>And what thow haith in contrar hyme ofendit,</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT30" id = "noteT30" href = "#tagT30">30</a>
+MS. “amendit.”</p>
+
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1404" id = "line1404">1404</a></span>
+Whill yow haith my<i>ch</i>t, of fre deſir amend it;<a class = "tag"
+name = "tagT30" id = "tagT30" href = "#noteT30">30</a></p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Repent thy guilt.</p>
+<p>Repent thi gilt, repent thi gret treſpaß,</p>
+<p>And remembir one goddis richwyſneß;</p>
+<p>How for to hyme that wykitneß anoyt,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1408" id = "line1408">1408</a></span>
+And how the way of ſynaris he diſtroit;</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page42" id = "page42" href = "#notes42">42</a></span>
+
+<p>And if ye lyk to ryng wnd<i>er</i> his peß,</p>
+<p>Ye wengans of his my<i>ch</i>ty hond yow ſeß,</p>
+<p>This ſchalt yow do, if yow wil be p<i>er</i>fit.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1412" id = "line1412">1412</a></span>
+Firſt, mone yow be penitent and contrit</p>
+<p>Of euery thing that tuechith thi conſiens,</p>
+<p>Done of fre will, or ȝhit of neglygens.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Thy need requireth full contrition.</p>
+<p>Thi neid requirith ful contretioune,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1416" id = "line1416">1416</a></span>
+Princepaly with-out concluſioune;</p>
+<p>With humble hart and goſtly byſyneß,</p>
+<p>Syne ſhalt yow go deuotly the confeß</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Confess to some holy confessor.</p>
+<p>Ther-of vnto ſum haly confeſſour,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1420" id = "line1420">1420</a></span>
+That the wil conſail tueching thin arour;</p>
+<p>And to fulfill his will and ordynans,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Do penance, and amend all wrong.”</p>
+<p>In ſatiſfaccione and doing of penans,</p>
+<p>And to amend al wrang and al Iniure,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1424" id = "line1424">1424</a></span>
+By the ydone til euery Creature;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 18 <i>b</i>.]</p>
+<p>If yow can In to thi hart fynde,</p>
+<p>Contretioune well degeſt In to thi mynd.</p>
+<p>Now go thi weie, for if it leful were,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1428" id = "line1428">1428</a></span>
+Confeſſioune to me, I ſhuld It here.”</p>
+
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+ARTHUR CONFESSES HIS SINS,</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote break">
+Arthur tries to remember every sin done since his years of
+innocence,</p>
+<p><span class = "dropcap">T</span>han arthur, Richt obedient <i>and</i>
+mek,</p>
+<p>In to his wit memoratyvecan ſeik</p>
+<p>Of euery gilt wich that he can pens,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1432" id = "line1432">1432</a></span>
+Done frome he paſſith the ȝer<i>is</i> of Innocens;</p>
+<p>And as his maiſter hyme commandit <ins class = "correction" title =
+"illegible: final ‘e’ conjectural">hade</ins>,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and made his confession with lamentable cheer.</p>
+<p>He goith and his confeſſione haith he maad</p>
+<p>Richt deuotly with lementable chere;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1436" id = "line1436">1436</a></span>
+The man<i>er</i> wich quho lykith for to here</p>
+<p>He may It fynd In to the holl romans,</p>
+<p>Of confeſſione o paſing c<i>er</i>cumſtans.</p>
+<p>I can It not, I am no confeſſour,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1440" id = "line1440">1440</a></span>
+My wyt haith ewill conſat of that labour,</p>
+<p>Quharof I wot I aucht repent me ſore.</p>
+<p>The king wich was confeſſit, what is more,</p>
+<p>Goith and til his maiſt<i>er</i> tellith hee,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1444" id = "line1444">1444</a></span>
+How euery ſyne In to his awn degree</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page43" id = "page43" href = "#notes43">43</a></span>
+
+<p>He shew, that mycht occuryng to his mynde.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+“Leftest thou aught behind,” quoth the master, “about Ban, king of
+Albanak, and his disinherited wife?”</p>
+<p>“Now,” q<i>uo</i>d the maiſtere, “left thow aght behynde</p>
+<p>Of albenak the vorſchipful king ban,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1448" id = "line1448">1448</a></span>
+The wich that vas in to my ſ<i>er</i>uice ſlan,</p>
+<p>And of his wif diſheriſt eft alſo?</p>
+<p>Bot of ther ſone, the wich was them fro,</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT31" id = "noteT31" href = "#tagT31">31</a>
+MS. apparently has “srpek;” but a comparison with line 1543 shews that
+the apparent <i>r</i> is due to the meeting of two slight flourishes
+belonging to the <i>s</i> and <i>p</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Ne ſpek<a class = "tag" name = "tagT31" id = "tagT31" href =
+"#noteT31">31</a> y not;”&mdash;the king in his entent</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1452" id = "line1452">1452</a></span>
+Abaſyt was, and furt<i>h</i>w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> is he went</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The king again confesses, and returns,</p>
+<p>Aȝane, and to his confeſſour declarith;</p>
+<p>Syne to his maiſt<i>er</i> he ayane Reparith,</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+AND AGAIN ASKS FOR ADVICE.</span></p>
+
+<p>To quhome he ſaith, “I aftir my cu<i>n</i>yng</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1456" id = "line1456">1456</a></span>
+Your ordinans fulfillit in al thing;</p>
+<p>And now right hartly y beſeich and prey,</p>
+<p>Ȝhe wald w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>ſchaif ſum thing to me ſay,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+prays for comfort,</p>
+<p>That may me comfort in my gret dreid,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1460" id = "line1460">1460</a></span>
+And how my men ar falȝet in my Neid,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and inquires about his dream.</p>
+<p>And of my dreme, the wich that is ſo dirk.”</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The master saith, “If thou art bound to work by my counsel,</p>
+<p>This maiſt<i>er</i> ſaith, “and thow art bound to virk</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT32" id = "noteT32" href = "#tagT32">32</a>
+This line (though it should not) begins with an illuminated letter.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "tagT32" id = "tagT32" href =
+"#noteT32">32</a><span class = "dropcap">A</span>T my conſail, and if
+yow has maad</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1464" id = "line1464">1464</a></span>
+Thi confeſſione, as yow before hath ſaid,</p>
+<p>And in thi conciens thinkith p<i>er</i>ſeuere,</p>
+<p>As I p<i>re</i>ſume that thow onon ſhalt here</p>
+<p>That god hyme-ſelf ſhal ſo for y<sup>e</sup> p<i>ro</i>uide,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+thou shalt abide in thy kingdom.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1468" id = "line1468">1468</a></span>
+Thow ſhal Remayne and In thi Ring abyd.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 19.]</p>
+<p>And why thi men ar falȝet At this nede,</p>
+<p>At ſhort this is the cauß, ſhalt yow no<i>ch</i>t dred,</p>
+<p>Fore thow to gode was frawart and p<i>er</i>wert;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1472" id = "line1472">1472</a></span>
+Thi ryngne and the he tho<i>ch</i>t for to ſubwart;</p>
+<p>And yow ſal knaw na power may reciſt,</p>
+<p>In contrar quhat god lykith to aſſi[ſ]t.</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+KINGS DERIVE THEIR POWER FROM GOD.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Strength of victory cometh from God only.</p>
+<p>The vertw nore the ſtrenth of victory</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1476" id = "line1476">1476</a></span>
+It cu<i>m</i>myth not of man, bot an<i>er</i>ly</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page44" id = "page44" href = "#notes44">44</a></span>
+
+<p>Of hyme, the wich haith eu<i>er</i>y ſtrinth; <i>and</i> than,</p>
+<p>If that the waiis pleſſit hyme of man,</p>
+<p>He ſhal have forß aȝane his e<i>n</i>nemys.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1480" id = "line1480">1480</a></span>
+A-ryght agan apone the ſamyne vyß,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Whoso displeases Him shall be subject to his enemies, as we read in the
+Bible concerning the Jews.</p>
+<p>If he diſpleß vn to the lord, he ſhall</p>
+<p>Be to his fais a ſubiet or a thrall,</p>
+<p>As that we may In to the bible red,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1484" id = "line1484">1484</a></span>
+Tueching the folk he tuk hyme-ſelf to led</p>
+<p>In to the lond, the wich he them byhicht.</p>
+<p>Ay when thei ȝhed in to his ways Richt,</p>
+<p>Ther fois gon befor there ſuerd to no<i>ch</i>t;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+When they wrought against Him, they were so full of fear that the sound
+of a falling leaf made a thousand flee.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1488" id = "line1488">1488</a></span>
+And when that thei ayanis hyme hath vro<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p>Thei war ſo full of radur and diſſpare,</p>
+<p>That of o leif fleing in the air,</p>
+<p>The ſound of It haith gart o thouſand tak</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1492" id = "line1492">1492</a></span>
+At onys apone them-ſelf the bak,</p>
+<p>And al ther manhed vterly foryhet;</p>
+<p>Sich dreid the lord apone ther hart<i>is</i> set.</p>
+<p>So ſhalt yow know no powar may w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>ſtond,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1496" id = "line1496">1496</a></span>
+Ther god hyme-ſelf hath ton the cauß on hond.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Thine own offence is the reason why thy people fail thee.</p>
+<p>And ye quhy ſtant in thyne awn offens,</p>
+<p>That al thi puple falȝhet off defens.</p>
+<p>And ſum ar falȝeing magre ther entent;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1500" id = "line1500">1500</a></span>
+Thei ar to quhom thow yewyne hath thi rent,</p>
+<p>Thi gret Reuard, thi richeß and thi gold,</p>
+<p>And cheriſſith and held in thi houſhold.</p>
+<p>Bot the moſt p<i>ar</i>t ar falȝheit the at wyll,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Thou hast shewn some of them unkindness,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1504" id = "line1504">1504</a></span>
+To quhome yow haith wnkyndneß ſchawin till;</p>
+<p>Wrong and i<i>n</i>Iure, and ek defalt of law,</p>
+<p>And pwnyſing of qwhich that thei ſtand aw;</p>
+<p>And makith ſ<i>er</i>uice but reward or fee,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1508" id = "line1508">1508</a></span>
+Syne haith no thonk bot fre<i>m</i>mytneß of the.</p>
+<p>Such folk to the cu<i>m</i>myth bot for dred,</p>
+<p>Not of fre hart the for to help at nede.</p>
+<p>And what awalith owthir ſheld or ſper,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1512" id = "line1512">1512</a></span>
+Or horß or armoure according for ye were,</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page45" id = "page45" href = "#notes45">45</a></span>
+
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 19 <i>b</i>.]</p>
+<p>Vith-outen man them for to ſtere and led?</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and a man that wanteth heart is dead.</p>
+<p>And man, yow wot, that vantith hart is ded,</p>
+<p>That in to armys ſ<i>er</i>uith he of noght;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1516" id = "line1516">1516</a></span>
+A cowart oft ful mekil harm haith vroght.</p>
+<p>In multitude nore ȝhit in confluens</p>
+<p>Of ſich, is nowther manhed nore defens.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Thou hast so conducted thyself as to lose all thy people’s hearts.</p>
+<p>And ſo thow hath the rewlyt, that almoſt</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1520" id = "line1520">1520</a></span>
+Of al thi puple the hart<i>is</i> ben ylost;</p>
+<p>And tynt richt throw thyne awn myſgou<i>er</i>nans</p>
+<p>Of auerice and of thyne errogans.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+What is a prince without honour?</p>
+<p>What is o prince? quhat is o gou<i>er</i>noure</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1524" id = "line1524">1524</a></span>
+W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>outen fame of worſchip and honour?</p>
+<p>What is his my<i>ch</i>t, ſuppos he be A lorde,</p>
+<p>If that his folk ſal no<i>ch</i>t to hyme accorde?</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Can he by himself sustain his kingdom, by serving his own appetite?</p>
+<p>May he his Rigne, may he his holl Empire</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1528" id = "line1528">1528</a></span>
+Suſten al only of his owne deſyre,</p>
+<p>In ſerwyng of his wrechit appetit</p>
+<p>Of awerice and of his awn delyt,</p>
+<p>And hald his men, wncheriſt, in thraldome?</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+His oppression of his people consumes his high estate, and makes other
+kings war on them.</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+UNJUST KINGS ARE PUNISHED.</span></p>
+
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1532" id = "line1532">1532</a></span>
+Nay! that ſhal ſone his hie eſtat conſome.</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT33" id = "noteT33" href = "#tagT33">33</a>
+“king” (?).</p>
+
+<p>For many o kny<i>ch</i>t<a class = "tag" name = "tagT33" id =
+"tagT33" href = "#noteT33">33</a> therby is broght ydoune,</p>
+<p>All vt<i>r</i>aly to ther confuſioune;</p>
+<p>For oft it makith vther king<i>is</i> by</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1536" id = "line1536">1536</a></span>
+To wer on them In traſt of victory;</p>
+<p>And oft als throw his peple is diſtroyth,</p>
+<p>That fyndith them agrewit or anoyth;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+God also punishes their vices.”</p>
+<p>And god alſo oft w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> his awn ſwerd,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1540" id = "line1540">1540</a></span>
+Punyſith ther wyſis one this erd.</p>
+<p>Thus falith not o king but gou<i>er</i>nans,</p>
+<p>Boith realme and he goith one to myſchans.”</p>
+
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+A MESSAGE FROM GALIOT.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote break">
+Meanwhile, the king of a hundred knights and the first-conquest king
+come from Galiot,</p>
+<p><span class = "dropcap">A</span>S thai war thus ſpeking of this
+thinge,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1544" id = "line1544">1544</a></span>
+Frome galiot cam two kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> to the king;</p>
+<p>That one the king of hund<i>er</i>eth kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> was;</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT34" id = "noteT34" href = "#tagT34">34</a>
+MS. “kinghe,” a spelling due to confusion with “knight.” See <a href =
+"#line1532">l.&nbsp;1533</a>.</p>
+
+<p>That other to nome the fyrst-co<i>n</i>queſt king<a class = "tag"
+name = "tagT34" id = "tagT34" href = "#noteT34">34</a> has,</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page46" id = "page46" href = "#notes46">46</a></span>
+
+<p>At firſt that galyot conquerit of one.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1548" id = "line1548">1548</a></span>
+The n<i>er</i>eſt way one to the king thei gon,</p>
+<p>And vp he roß, as he that wel cout<i>h</i> do</p>
+<p>Honor, to quhome that It afferith to;</p>
+<p>And ȝhit he wiſt not at thei king<i>is</i> were;</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT35" id = "noteT35" href = "#tagT35">35</a>
+“then” (?).</p>
+
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1552" id = "line1552">1552</a></span>
+So them<a class = "tag" name = "tagT35" id = "tagT35" href =
+"#noteT35">35</a> thei boith and vyt<i>h</i> ry<i>ch</i>t knyghtly
+cher</p>
+<p>Reu<i>er</i>endly thei ſaluſt hyme, and thane</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and the former delivers his message, to the effect that</p>
+<p>The king of hund<i>er</i> knyght<i>is</i> he began</p>
+<p>And ſaid hyme, “ſ<i>ir</i>, to ȝow my lord ws ſende,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 20.]</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1556" id = "line1556">1556</a></span>
+Galiot, whilk bad ws ſay he wende,</p>
+<p>That of this world the vorthieſt king wor ȝhe,</p>
+<p>Greteſt of men and of awtoritee.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Galiot wonders at the feebleness of Arthur’s folk,</p>
+<p>Wharof he has gret wond<i>er</i> that ȝhe ar</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1560" id = "line1560">1560</a></span>
+So feble cu<i>m</i>myne In to his contrare,</p>
+<p>For to defend your cuntre <i>and</i> your londe,</p>
+<p>And knowith well ȝhe may hyme no<i>ch</i>t
+w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>ſtonde.</p>
+<p>Wharfor he thinkith no worſchip to conquere,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1564" id = "line1564">1564</a></span>
+Nore in the wer<i>is</i> more to p<i>er</i>ſyuere;</p>
+<p>Conſiddir yowr wakneß and yowr Indegens,</p>
+<p>Aȝanis hyme as now to mak defens.</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+A TRUCE PROPOSED AND ACCEPTED.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and is willing to grant a year’s truce,</p>
+<p>Wharfore, my lord haith grantit by vs here</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1568" id = "line1568">1568</a></span>
+Trewis to yhow and reſput for o ȝhere,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+if Arthur will return to fight against him in a year’s time;</p>
+<p>If that yhow lykith by the ȝher<i>is</i> ſpace</p>
+<p>For to retwrn ayane In to this place,</p>
+<p>Her to manteine yhour cuntre and w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>ſtond</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1572" id = "line1572">1572</a></span>
+Hyme w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> the holl power of yhour lond.</p>
+<p>And for the tyme the trewis ſhal endure,</p>
+<p>Yhour cuntre and yhour lond he will aſſurre;</p>
+<p>And wit ȝhe ȝhit his powar is no<i>ch</i>t here.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1576" id = "line1576">1576</a></span>
+And als he bad ws ſay yhow by the yhere,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and desires to have the red knight in his household.</p>
+<p>The gud kny<i>ch</i>t wich that the Red armys bure</p>
+<p>And in the feild maid the diſcumfiture,</p>
+<p>The whilk the flour of kny<i>ch</i>thed may be cold,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1580" id = "line1580">1580</a></span>
+He thinkith hyme to haue of his houſhold.”</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page47" id = "page47" href = "#notes47">47</a></span>
+
+<p>“Well,” q<i>uo</i>d the king, “I have hard quhat yhe ſay,</p>
+<p>But if god will, and ek if that I may,</p>
+<p>In to ſich wyß I think for to withſtond,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1584" id = "line1584">1584</a></span>
+Yhour lord ſhall have no powar of my londe.”</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Arthur rejoices at the truce,</p>
+<p>Of this meſag the king Reioſing haß,</p>
+<p>And of the trewis wich that grantit was,</p>
+<p>Bot anoyt ȝhit of the kny<i>ch</i>t was he,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1588" id = "line1588">1588</a></span>
+Wich thei awant to have in ſuch dogre.</p>
+<p>Ther leif thei tuk; and when at thei war gon,</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT36" id = "noteT36" href = "#tagT36">36</a>
+The initial T is illuminated.</p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+which the master attributes to God’s providence, and exhorts him,
+saying,</p>
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "tagT36" id = "tagT36" href =
+"#noteT36">36</a><span class = "dropcap">T</span>his maiſt<i>er</i>
+ſaith, “how lykith god diſpone!</p>
+<p>Now may yhow ſe <i>and</i> ſuth is my recorde;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1592" id = "line1592">1592</a></span>
+For by hyme now is makith this accord;</p>
+<p>And by non vthir worldly p<i>ro</i>videns,</p>
+<p>Sauf only grant of his bynewolans,</p>
+<p>To ſe if that the lykith to amend,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1596" id = "line1596">1596</a></span>
+And to p<i>ro</i>uid thi cuntre to defend.</p>
+<p>Wharfor yow ſhalt in to thi lond home fair,</p>
+<p>And gowerne the as that I ſhall declaire.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 20 <i>b</i>.]</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+“First, serve God with humble heart, and let the wand of law pass
+through the land.</p>
+<p>Firſt, thi god with humble hart yow ſerfe,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1600" id = "line1600">1600</a></span>
+And his comand at al thi my<i>ch</i>t obſerf;</p>
+<p>And ſyne, lat paß the ilk bleſſit wonde</p>
+<p>Of lowe w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> m<i>er</i>cy Iuſtly throw thi londe;</p>
+<p>And y beſeich&mdash;to quhome yow ſal direke</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1604" id = "line1604">1604</a></span>
+The rewle vpone, the wrang<i>is</i> to correk&mdash;</p>
+<p>That yow be no<i>ch</i>t in thi electioune blynde;</p>
+<p>For writin It Is and yow ſal trew It fynde.</p>
+<p>That, be thei for to thonk or ell<i>is</i> blame,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1608" id = "line1608">1608</a></span>
+And towart god thi p<i>ar</i>t ſhal be the ſam̅;</p>
+<p>Of Ignorans ſhalt yow no<i>ch</i>t be excuſit,</p>
+<p>Bot in ther werk<i>is</i> ſorly be accuſit,</p>
+<p>For thow ſhuld eu<i>er</i> cheß apone ſich wyß</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+HOW TO CHOOSE JUDGES.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Thus shalt thou choose the ministers of justice.</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT37" id = "noteT37" href = "#tagT37">37</a>
+MS. “mīſteris.”</p>
+
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1612" id = "line1612">1612</a></span>
+The mi<i>ni</i>ſteris<a class = "tag" name = "tagT37" id = "tagT37" href
+= "#noteT37">37</a> that rewll haith of Iustice:&mdash;</p>
+<p>Firſt, that he be deſcret til wnd<i>er</i>ſtond</p>
+<p>And lowe and ek the mat<i>er</i> of the londe;</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page48" id = "page48" href = "#notes48">48</a></span>
+
+<p>And be of my<i>ch</i>t and ek Autoritee,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1616" id = "line1616">1616</a></span>
+(For puple ay <i>con</i>tempnith low degre,)</p>
+<p>And that of trouth he folow furth the way;</p>
+<p>That is als mych as he louyth trewth alway,</p>
+<p>And haitith al them the wich ſal pas therfro.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1620" id = "line1620">1620</a></span>
+Syne, that he god dreid and lowe al-so.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Avoid avaricious and wrathful men.</p>
+<p>Of auerice be-war with the deſyre,</p>
+<p>And of hyme full of haſtynes <i>and</i> fyre;</p>
+<p>Be-war thar-for of malice and deſire,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1624" id = "line1624">1624</a></span>
+And hyme alſo that lowith no medyre;</p>
+<p>For al this abhomi<i>n</i>able was hold,</p>
+<p>When Iuſtice was in to the tymis olde.</p>
+<p>For qwho that is of an of thir by-know,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1628" id = "line1628">1628</a></span>
+The leſt of them ſubu<i>er</i>tith all the low,</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT38" id = "noteT38" href = "#tagT38">38</a>
+MS. “w Iustly.”</p>
+
+<p>And makith It w[n]Iustly<a class = "tag" name = "tagT38" id =
+"tagT38" href = "#noteT38">38</a> to p<i>ro</i>cede;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Eschew unfit men, for this shall be thy meed in the day of judgment.</p>
+<p>Eſchew tharfor, for this ſal be thi meid</p>
+<p>Apone the day when al thing goith aright,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1632" id = "line1632">1632</a></span>
+Whar none excuß hidyng ſchal ye lyght;</p>
+<p>But he the Iug, that no man may ſuſſpek,</p>
+<p>Eu<i>er</i>y thing ful Iuſtly ſal correk.</p>
+<p>Be-war thar-w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>, as before have I told,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1636" id = "line1636">1636</a></span>
+And cheß them wyſly that thi low ſhal hold.</p>
+<p>And als I will that it well oft be sen,</p>
+<p>Richt to thi-self how thei thi low <i>con</i>ten;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Be diligent to inquire how judgment is given.</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+KINGS MUST BE JUST AND TRUE.</span></p>
+
+<p>And how the Right, and how the dom is went,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1640" id = "line1640">1640</a></span>
+For to Inquer that yow be delygent.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 21.]</p>
+<p>And punyß <ins class = "correction"
+title = "text unchanged: error for ‘sor’ (long s)?">for</ins>, for o thing ſhal yow know,</p>
+<p>The most treſpas is to ſubuert the low,</p>
+<p>So that yow be not in thar gilt accuſit,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1644" id = "line1644">1644</a></span>
+And frome the froit of bliſſit folk refuſit.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Visit every chief town throughout the bounds of thy kingdom.</p>
+<p>And pas yow ſhalt to euery chef toune,</p>
+<p>Throw-out the boundis of thi Regioune</p>
+<p>Whar yow ſall be, that Iuſtice be Elyk</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1648" id = "line1648">1648</a></span>
+With-out diuiſione baith to pur <i>and</i> ryk.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page49" id = "page49" href = "#notes49">49</a></span>
+
+<p>And that thi puple have [ane] awdiens</p>
+<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> thar complant<i>is</i>, and alſo thi
+p<i>rese</i>ns;</p>
+<p>For qwho his eris frome the puple ſtekith,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1652" id = "line1652">1652</a></span>
+And not his hond in ther ſupport furth rekith,</p>
+<p>His dom ſall be ful grewous &amp; ful hard,</p>
+<p>When he ſal cry and he ſal no<i>ch</i>t be hard.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Give thine ears to the poor.</p>
+<p>Wharfor thyne eris ifith to the pwre,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1656" id = "line1656">1656</a></span>
+Bot in redreß of ned, &amp; not of i<i>n</i>Iure;</p>
+<p>Thus ſall thei don of Reſſone &amp; knawlag.</p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote break">
+Kings, while minors, may be excused;</p>
+<p><span class = "dropcap">B</span>ut king<i>is</i> when thei ben of
+tend<i>er</i> ag,</p>
+<p>Y wil not ſay I traſt thei ben excuſit,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1660" id = "line1660">1660</a></span>
+Bot ſchortly thei ſall be ſar accuſit,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+but, when of age, they must punish those that have wrested justice.</p>
+<p>When ſo thei cum to yheris of Reſone,</p>
+<p>If thei tak not full contriſioune,</p>
+<p>And pwnyß them that hath ther low myſgyit.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1664" id = "line1664">1664</a></span>
+That this is trouth it may not be denyit;</p>
+<p>For vther ways thei ſal them not diſcharg,</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT39" id = "noteT39" href = "#tagT39">39</a>
+A blank space here occurs, just sufficient to contain one line.</p>
+
+<p>[Excep thei pwnyß them that have the charg]<a class = "tag" name =
+"tagT39" id = "tagT39" href = "#noteT39">39</a></p>
+<p>One eſtatis of ther realm, that ſhold</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT40" id = "noteT40" href = "#tagT40">40</a>
+MS. “behold.”</p>
+
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1668" id = "line1668">1668</a></span>
+W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-in his ȝouth ſe that his low be hold.<a class = "tag"
+name = "tagT40" id = "tagT40" href = "#noteT40">40</a></p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Temper justice with mercy.</p>
+<p>And thus thow the, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> mercy, kep alway</p>
+<p>Of Iuſtice furt<i>h</i> the ilk bleſſit way.</p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote break">
+Be true and stable in thy words.</p>
+<p><span class = "dropcap">A</span>nd of thi wordis beis trew and
+ſtable,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1672" id = "line1672">1672</a></span>
+Spek not to mych, nore be not vareable.</p>
+<p>O king<i>is</i> word ſhuld be o king<i>is</i> bonde,</p>
+<p>And ſaid It is, a king<i>is</i> word ſhuld ſtond;</p>
+<p>O king<i>is</i> word, among our fad<i>er</i>is old,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1676" id = "line1676">1676</a></span>
+Al-out more p<i>re</i>cious &amp; more ſur was hold</p>
+<p>Than was the oth or ſeel of any wight;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+A king should be the very light of truth.</p>
+<p>O king of trouth ſuld be the werray lyght,</p>
+<p>So treuth and Iuſtice to o king accordyth.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1680" id = "line1680">1680</a></span>
+And als, as thir clerk<i>is</i> old recordith,</p>
+
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+KINGS SHOULD CHERISH ALL MEN.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "footnote break">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT41" id = "noteT41" href = "#tagT41">41</a>
+The initial I is illuminated; rather because there is here a change of
+subject than because it begins a new sentence.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "tagT41" id = "tagT41" href =
+"#noteT41">41</a><span class = "dropcap">I</span>n tyme is larges and
+humilitee</p>
+<p>Right well according vnto hie dugre,</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page50" id = "page50" href = "#notes50">50</a></span>
+
+<p>And pleſſith boith to god and man al-so;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 21 <i>b</i>.]</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1684" id = "line1684">1684</a></span>
+Wharfor I wil, in<i>con</i>tine<i>n</i>t thow go,</p>
+<p>And of thi lond in euery p<i>ar</i>t abide,</p>
+<p>Whar yow gar fet and clep one eu<i>er</i>y ſid</p>
+<p>Out of thi cuntreis, and ek out of thi tovnis,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Invite thy dukes, earls, great barons, thy poor knights, and thy
+bachelors, and welcome them severally.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1688" id = "line1688">1688</a></span>
+Thi duk<i>is</i>, erlis, and thi gret baronis,</p>
+<p>Thi pur kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i>, and thi bach[e]ler<i>is</i>,</p>
+<p>And them reſauf als hartly as afferis,</p>
+<p>And be them-ſelf yow welcum them ilkon:</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1692" id = "line1692">1692</a></span>
+Syne, them to glaid and cheris, thee diſpone</p>
+<p>With feſting and with humyll <i>con</i>tynans.</p>
+<p>Be not penſyve, nore proud in arrogans,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Keep company not with the rich man only, but with the poor worthy man
+also.</p>
+<p>Bot w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> them hold in gladnes cumpany;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1696" id = "line1696">1696</a></span>
+Not with the Rich nor myghty an<i>er</i>ly,</p>
+<p>Bot with the pure worthi man alſo,</p>
+<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> them thow ſit, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> them yow ryd and
+go.</p>
+<p>I ſay not to be our fameliar,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1700" id = "line1700">1700</a></span>
+For, as the moſt philoſephur can duclar,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Yet remember that familiarity breeds contempt.</p>
+<p>To mych to oyß familiaritee</p>
+<p>Contempnyng bryngith one to hie dugre;</p>
+<p>Bot cherice them w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> wordis fair depay<i>n</i>t,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1704" id = "line1704">1704</a></span>
+So with thi pupelle ſal yow the aquay<i>n</i>t.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Choose out of each district an aged knight to be thy counsellor.</p>
+<p>Than of ilk cuntre wyſly yow enquere</p>
+<p>An agit kny<i>ch</i>t to be thi conſulere,</p>
+<p>That haith ben hold in armys Richt fam<i>us</i>,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1708" id = "line1708">1708</a></span>
+Wyß and diſcret, &amp; no thing Inwy<i>us</i>;</p>
+<p>For there is non that knowith ſo wel, I-wyß,</p>
+<p>O worthy man as he that worthi Is.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+When thou hast sojourned long in a place, then provide thee with plenty
+of horses, armour, gold, silver, and clothing;</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+KINGS MUST BE LIBERAL.</span></p>
+
+<p>When well long haith yow ſwiornyt i<i>n</i> a place,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1712" id = "line1712">1712</a></span>
+And well acqueynt the v<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> thi puple has,</p>
+<p>Than ſhalt thow ordand &amp; p<i>ro</i>wid the</p>
+<p>Of horß and ek of armour gret plente;</p>
+<p>Of gold, and ſilu<i>er</i>, tressore, and cleithing,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1716" id = "line1716">1716</a></span>
+And euery Riches that lo<i>n</i>gith to o king;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and, before leaving, distribute gifts liberally.</p>
+<p>And when the lykith for to tak thi leif,</p>
+<p>By largeß thus yow thi reward geif,</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page51" id = "page51" href = "#notes51">51</a></span>
+
+<p>First to the pure worthy honorable,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1720" id = "line1720">1720</a></span>
+That is til armys and til ma<i>n</i>hed able;</p>
+<p>(Set he be pur, ȝhit worſchip in hyme bidith);</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Give to the poor worthy man the horse thou thyself ridest.</p>
+<p>If hyme the horß one wich thi-ſelwyne Ridith,</p>
+<p>And bid hyme that he Rid hyme for yhour ſak;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1724" id = "line1724">1724</a></span>
+Syne til hyme gold and ſilu<i>er</i> yow betak;</p>
+<p>The horß to hyme for worſchip and prowes,</p>
+<p>The treſor for his fredome and larges.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 22 <i>a</i>.]</p>
+<p>If moſt of Riches and of Cheriſing;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1728" id = "line1728">1728</a></span>
+Eftir this gud kny<i>ch</i>t berith vitneſing.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Give to thy tenants and vavasours easy hackneys, palfries, and
+coursers.</p>
+<p>Syne to thi te<i>n</i>nand<i>is</i> &amp; to thi wawaſouris</p>
+<p>If eſſy haknays, palfrais, and curſouris,</p>
+<p>And robis ſich as pleſand ben and fair;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1732" id = "line1732">1732</a></span>
+Syne to thi lord<i>is</i>, wich at my<i>ch</i>ty aire,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Give to thy lords things strange and uncouth.</p>
+<p>As duk<i>is</i>, erlis, princ<i>is</i>, and ek king<i>is</i>,</p>
+<p>Yow if them ſtrang, yow if them vncout<i>h</i> thing<i>is</i>,</p>
+<p>As diu<i>er</i>ß iowell<i>is</i>, and ek p<i>re</i>ciouß ſtonis,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1736" id = "line1736">1736</a></span>
+Or halk<i>is</i>, hundis, ordinit for the nonis,</p>
+<p>Or wantone horß that can no<i>ch</i>t ſtand in ſtāble;</p>
+<p>Thar gift<i>is</i> mot be fair and delitable.</p>
+<p>Thus, firſt vn to the vorthi pur yow if</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1740" id = "line1740">1740</a></span>
+Giftis, that may ther pouerte Releif;</p>
+<p>And to the rich ift<i>is</i> of pleſans,</p>
+<p>That thei be fair, ſet no<i>ch</i>t of gret ſubſtans;</p>
+<p>For riches aſkith no thing bot delyt,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1744" id = "line1744">1744</a></span>
+And powert haith ay ane appetyt</p>
+<p>For to support ther ned and Indigens:</p>
+<p>Thus ſhall yow if and makith thi diſpens.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+So, too, shall the queen give to maidens and ladies,</p>
+<p>And ek the quen, my lady, ſhalt alſo</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1748" id = "line1748">1748</a></span>
+To madenis and to ladeis, quhar ȝhe go,</p>
+<p>If, and cheriß one the ſamyne wyß;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+for all thy welfare lies in liberality.</p>
+<p>For in to largeß al thi welfar lyis.</p>
+<p>And if thy gift<i>is</i> with ſich <i>con</i>tinans</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1752" id = "line1752">1752</a></span>
+That thei be ſen ay gifyne v<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> pleſans;</p>
+<p>The wyß man ſais, and ſuth it is app<i>ro</i>uit,</p>
+<p>Thar is no thonk, thar is no ift alowit,</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page52" id = "page52" href = "#notes52">52</a></span>
+
+<p>Bot It be ifyne In to ſich manere,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Remember that the giver should be as glad in his cheer as the
+receiver.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1756" id = "line1756">1756</a></span>
+(That is to ſay, als glaid i<i>n</i> to his chere),</p>
+<p>As he the wich the ift of hyme Reſauith;</p>
+<p>And do he not, the gifar is diſſauith.</p>
+<p>For who that iff<i>is</i>, as he not if wald,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1760" id = "line1760">1760</a></span>
+Mor p<i>ro</i>fit war his ift for to w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-hald;</p>
+<p>His thonk he tynith, and his ift alſo.</p>
+<p>Bot that thow ifith, if w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> boith two,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Give with both hand and heart at once;</p>
+<p>That is to ſay, vith hart and hand atonis;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1764" id = "line1764">1764</a></span>
+And ſo the wyſman ay ye ift diſponis.</p>
+<p>Beith larg and iff<i>is</i> frely of thi thing;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+for liberality is the treasure of a king.</p>
+<p>For largeß is the treſour of o king,</p>
+<p>And not this other Iowell<i>is</i> nor this gold</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1768" id = "line1768">1768</a></span>
+That is in to thi treſory with-holde.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 22 <i>b</i>.]</p>
+<p>Who gladly iffith, be vertew of larges</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Whoso gives liberally, his treasury increases.</p>
+<p>His treſory encreſis of Richeſß,</p>
+<p>And ſal aȝañe the mor al-out reſawe.</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+LIBERAL KINGS ARE LOVED IN LIFE,</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+For the receiver shall place his goods at the king’s disposal,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1772" id = "line1772">1772</a></span>
+For he to quhome he ȝewith ſall hawe,</p>
+<p>Firſt his body, ſyne his hart with two,</p>
+<p>His gudis al for to diſpone also</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+who shall gain, moreover, both worship and praise.</p>
+<p>In his ſ<i>er</i>uice; and mor atour he ſhall</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1776" id = "line1776">1776</a></span>
+Have O thing, and that is beſt of all;</p>
+<p>That is to ſay, the worſchip and the loß</p>
+<p>That vpone larges in this world furth goß.</p>
+<p>And yow ſhal knaw the lawbour &amp; the preß</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1780" id = "line1780">1780</a></span>
+In to this erth about the gret Richeß.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Is there any labour except for meat and clothing? All the remnant is for
+fame.</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT42" id = "noteT42" href = "#tagT42">42</a>
+MS. “Is ony bout bot;” “bout” being defaced.</p>
+
+<p>Is ony, bot<a class = "tag" name = "tagT42" id = "tagT42" href =
+"#noteT42">42</a> apone the cauß we see</p>
+<p>Of met, of cloth, &amp; of p<i>ro</i>ſperitee?</p>
+<p>All the remanant ſtant apone the name</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1784" id = "line1784">1784</a></span>
+Of purches, furth apone this world<i>is</i> fame.</p>
+<p>And well yow wot, in thyne allegians</p>
+<p>Ful many Is, the wich haith ſufficians</p>
+<p>Of euery thing that longith to ther ned;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1788" id = "line1788">1788</a></span>
+What haith yow more, qwich [haith] them al to lede,</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page53" id = "page53" href = "#notes53">53</a></span>
+
+<p>For al thi Realmys and thi gret Riches,</p>
+<p>If that yow lak of worſchip the encreß?</p>
+<p>Well leß, al-out; for eft<i>er</i> thar eſtate</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1792" id = "line1792">1792</a></span>
+Thei have vorſchip, and kepith It al-gat;</p>
+<p>And yow degradith al thyne hie dugree,</p>
+<p>That ſo ſchuld ſhyne In to nobelitee,</p>
+<p>Throuch wys and throw the wrechitneß of hart.</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+AND COMMENDED AFTER DEATH.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Knowest thou not what shall be thy part, when thou passest away from
+this world?</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT43" id = "noteT43" href = "#tagT43">43</a>
+MS. has “by.”</p>
+
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1796" id = "line1796">1796</a></span>
+And knowis yow not what ſall be<a class = "tag" name = "tagT43" id =
+"tagT43" href = "#noteT43">43</a> thi part,</p>
+<p>Out of this world when yow ſal paß the courß?</p>
+<p>Fair well, I-wyß! yow neu<i>er</i> ſhall Recourß</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT44" id = "noteT44" href = "#tagT44">44</a>
+MS. has “subei<sup>e</sup>t.”</p>
+
+<p>Whar no prince more ſhall the subiet<a class = "tag" name = "tagT44"
+id = "tagT44" href = "#noteT44">44</a> have,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1800" id = "line1800">1800</a></span>
+But be als dep in to the erd y-grave,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Virtue and honour will alone remain.</p>
+<p>Sauf vertew only and worſchip wich abidith;</p>
+<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> them the world apone the laif dewidith;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+And if thy successor be liberal, he will be commended of the world;</p>
+<p>And if he, wich ſhal eftir the ſucced,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1804" id = "line1804">1804</a></span>
+By larges ſpend, of quhich that yhow had dreid,</p>
+<p>He of the world comendit is and priſit,</p>
+<p>And yow ſtant furth of euery thing diſpiſit;</p>
+<p>The puple ſaith and demyth thus of thee,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1808" id = "line1808">1808</a></span>
+“Now is he gone, a werray vrech was hee,</p>
+<p>And he the wich that is our king and lord</p>
+<p>Boith wertew haith &amp; larges in accorde;</p>
+<p>Welcum be he!” and ſo the puple ſoundith.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 23 <i>a</i>.]</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1812" id = "line1812">1812</a></span>
+Thus through thi viß his wertew mor aboundith,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and his virtue will abound through thy vice.</p>
+<p>And his vertew the more thi wice furth ſchawith.</p>
+<p>Wharfor ȝhe, wich that princes ben y-knawith,</p>
+<p>Lat not yhour vrechit hart so yhow dant,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1816" id = "line1816">1816</a></span>
+That he that cu<i>m</i>myth next yhow may awant</p>
+<p>To be mor larg, nore more to be co<i>m</i>mendit;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Riches well spent are the best kept.</p>
+<p>Best kepit Is the Riches well diſpendit.</p>
+<p>O ȝhe, the wich that king<i>is</i> ben, fore ſham</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1820" id = "line1820">1820</a></span>
+Remembrith yhow, this world hath bot o naam̅</p>
+<p>Of good or ewill, eft<i>er</i> ȝhe ar gone!</p>
+<p>And wyſly tharfor cheſſith yhow the toñ</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page54" id = "page54" href = "#notes54">54</a></span>
+
+<p>Wich moſt accordith to nobilitee,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1824" id = "line1824">1824</a></span>
+And knytith larges to yhour hie degre.</p>
+<p>For qwhar that fredome In O p<i>ri</i>nce Ri<i>n</i>gnis,</p>
+<p>It bryngith In the victory of king<i>is</i>,</p>
+<p>And makith realmys and puple boith to dout,</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT45" id = "noteT45" href = "#tagT45">45</a>
+Or “subett<i>is</i>.”</p>
+
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1828" id = "line1828">1828</a></span>
+And ſubect<i>is</i><a class = "tag" name = "tagT45" id = "tagT45" href =
+"#noteT45">45</a> of the cuntre al about.</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+LIBERAL KINGS WIN SUBJECTS,</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Whoso will be a conqueror, let him not reck to give largely.</p>
+<p>And qwho that thinkith ben o co<i>n</i>querour,</p>
+<p>Suppos his largeß ſumquhat pas myſour,</p>
+<p>Ne rak he nat, bot frely iffith ay;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1832" id = "line1832">1832</a></span>
+And as he wynyth, beis var al-way</p>
+<p>To mych nor ȝhit to gredy that he hold,</p>
+<p>Wich ſal the hart<i>is</i> of the puple colde.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Both love and fear spring from liberality.</p>
+<p>And low and radour cu<i>m</i>myth boith two</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1836" id = "line1836">1836</a></span>
+Of larges; Reid and ȝhe ſal fynd It ſo.</p>
+<p>Alex<i>ander</i> this lord the warld that wan,</p>
+<p>Firſt w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> the ſuerd of larges he began,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Alexander gave so liberally,</p>
+<p>And as he wynith ifith largely,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1840" id = "line1840">1840</a></span>
+He rakith No thing bot of cheuelry;</p>
+<p>Wharfor of hyme ſo paſſith the Renown,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+that many cities desired to have such a lord,</p>
+<p>That many o cetee, and many o ſtrang towñ</p>
+<p>Of his worſchip that herith the Recorde,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1844" id = "line1844">1844</a></span>
+Diſſirith ſo to haveing ſich o lorde;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and offered themselves peaceably to him, though they were manly men of
+war.</p>
+<p>And offerith them w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-outen ſtrok of ſpere,</p>
+<p>Suppos that thei war manly men of were,</p>
+<p>But only for his gentilleß that thei</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1848" id = "line1848">1848</a></span>
+Have hard; and ſo he louit was al-way</p>
+<p>For his larges, humilitee, and manhed,</p>
+<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> his awn folk, that neu<i>er</i>more, we Reid,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 23 <i>b</i>.]</p>
+<p>For al his weris nor his gret trawell,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1852" id = "line1852">1852</a></span>
+In al his tym that thei hyme onys faill;</p>
+<p>Bot in his worſchip al thar beſynes</p>
+<p>Thei ſet, and lewith in to no diſtres;</p>
+<p>Whar-throw the ſuerd of victory he berith.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Many princes bear the palm of victory, through liberality;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1856" id = "line1856">1856</a></span>
+And many prince full oft the palm werith,</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page55" id = "page55" href = "#notes55">55</a></span>
+
+<p>As has ben hard, by largeß, of before,</p>
+<p>In conqueringe of Rignis &amp; of glore.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+while miserliness hath made realms desolate.</p>
+<p>And wrechitnes Richt ſo, in the contrar,</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+BUT UNJUST ONES DESPOIL THEM.</span></p>
+
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1860" id = "line1860">1860</a></span>
+Haith Realmys maid ful deſolat &amp; bare,</p>
+<p>And king<i>is</i> broght doun from ful hie eſtat;</p>
+<p>And who that Red ther old buk<i>is</i>, wat</p>
+<p>The vicis lef, the wertew have in mynde,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1864" id = "line1864">1864</a></span>
+And takith larges In his awn kynd;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Choose the mean between prodigality and avarice.</p>
+<p>A-myd ſtanding of the vicis two,</p>
+<p>Prodegalitee and awerice alſo.</p>
+<p>Wharfor her-of It nedith not to more,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1868" id = "line1868">1868</a></span>
+So mych ther-of haith clerk<i>is</i> vrit to-fore.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Whoso chooses to be liberal,</p>
+<p>Bot who the wertw of larges &amp; the law</p>
+<p>Sal cheß, mot ned conſidir well &amp; knaw</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+must understand three things: the <i>amount he has</i>, to <i>whom</i>
+he giveth, and the <i>fit time</i> for giving.</p>
+<p>In to hyme-ſelf, and thir thre wnd<i>er</i>ſtande,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1872" id = "line1872">1872</a></span>
+The ſubſtans firſt, the powar of his land,</p>
+<p>Whome to he iffith, and the cauß wharfore,</p>
+<p>The nedful tyme awatith eu<i>er</i>more.</p>
+<p>Kepith thir thre; for qwho that ſal exced</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1876" id = "line1876">1876</a></span>
+His rent, he fallith ſodandly in nede.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+(1) The king that becomes <i>indigent</i> overthrows his subjects.</p>
+<p>And ſo the king, that on to myſt<i>er</i> drowis,</p>
+<p>His subiett<i>is</i> and his puple he our-thrawis,</p>
+<p>And them diſpolȝeith boith of lond and Rent;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1880" id = "line1880">1880</a></span>
+So is the king, ſo is the puple ſchent.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+For the voice of the oppressed shrieketh up ceaselessly to heaven;</p>
+<p>For-quhi the woice It ſcrik[i]th vp ful ewyne</p>
+<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-out abaid, and paſſith to the hewyne,</p>
+<p>Whar god hyme-ſelf reſauith ther the crye</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1884" id = "line1884">1884</a></span>
+Of the oppreſioune and the teranny,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and God smiteth down with the sword of vengeance.</p>
+<p>And vith the ſuerd of wengans dou<i>n</i> y-ſmytith,</p>
+<p>The wich that caruith al to ſor, and bitith,</p>
+<p>And hyme diſtroyth, as has ben hard or this</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1888" id = "line1888">1888</a></span>
+Of euery king that wirkith ſich o mys.</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+BEWARE OF INJUSTICE AND FLATTERY.</span></p>
+
+<p>For ther is few eſchapith them, It ſall</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+For God hath given the king the wand of justice:</p>
+<p>Boith vpone hyme &amp; his ſucceſſione fall;</p>
+<p>For he forſuth haith ifyne hyme the wond</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 24 <i>a</i>.]</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1892" id = "line1892">1892</a></span>
+To Iuſtefy and Reull in pece his lond,</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page56" id = "page56" href = "#notes56">56</a></span>
+
+<p>The puple all ſubmytit to his cure;</p>
+<p>And he aȝan one to no creatur</p>
+<p>Save only ſhall vn to his gode obey.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1896" id = "line1896">1896</a></span>
+And if he paſſith ſo far out of the wey,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and if he oppresses them whom he should rule,</p>
+<p>Them to oppreß, that he ſhuld reul &amp; gid,</p>
+<p>Ther heritag, there gwdis to dewide,</p>
+<p>Ye, wnd<i>er</i> whome that he moſt nedis ſtond,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+God shall stretch His mighty hand for correction.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1900" id = "line1900">1900</a></span>
+At correccioune ſal ſtrek his my<i>ch</i>ty hond,</p>
+<p>Not euery day, bot ſhal at onys fall</p>
+<p>On hyme, mayhap, and his ſucceſcione all.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Herein, alas! is the blindness of kings.</p>
+<p>In this, allace! the blynd<i>is</i> of the king<i>is</i>,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1904" id = "line1904">1904</a></span>
+And Is the fall of princ<i>is</i> and of Rygnis.</p>
+<p>The moſt wertew, the gret Intellegens,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The blessed token of a king’s wisdom is for him to restrain his hand
+from his people’s riches.</p>
+<p>The bleſſit tokyne of wyſdom and prudens</p>
+<p>Iſß, in o king, for to reſtren his honde</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1908" id = "line1908">1908</a></span>
+Frome his pupleis Riches &amp; ther lond.</p>
+<p>Mot euery king have this wice i<i>n</i> mynd</p>
+<p>In tyme, and not when that he ned fynde!</p>
+<p>And in thi larges beith war, I pray,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+(2) Choose a <i>fitting time</i>.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1912" id = "line1912">1912</a></span>
+Of nedful tyme, for than is beſt alway.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+(3) Take care <i>to whom</i> you give.</p>
+<p>Awyß the ek quhome to that thow ſalt if,</p>
+<p>Of there fam, and ek how that thei leif;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Let not the virtuous and the vicious stand in the same degree.</p>
+<p>And of the wertws and wicious folk alſo,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1916" id = "line1916">1916</a></span>
+I the beſeich dewidith well thir two,</p>
+<p>So that thei ſtond no<i>ch</i>t in[to] o degree;</p>
+<p>Diſcreccioune ſall mak the diu<i>er</i>ſitee,</p>
+<p>Wich clepith the mod<i>er</i> of al vertewis.</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+FLATTERERS SUCCEED WHEN KINGS ARE FOOLISH.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Beware of flattery.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1920" id = "line1920">1920</a></span>
+And beith war, I the beſeich of this,</p>
+<p>That is to ſay of flatry, wich that longith</p>
+<p>To court, and al the king<i>is</i> larges fongith.</p>
+<p>The vertuouß man no thing thar-of reſauith,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1924" id = "line1924">1924</a></span>
+The flatterer<i>is</i> now ſo the king diſſauith</p>
+<p>And blyndith them that wot no thing, I-wyß,</p>
+<p>When thei do well, or quhen thei do o myß;</p>
+<p>And latith king<i>is</i> oft til wnd<i>er</i>ſtonde</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1928" id = "line1928">1928</a></span>
+Thar vicis, and ek ye falt<i>is</i> of ther lond.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page57" id = "page57" href = "#notes57">57</a></span>
+
+<p>In to the realme about o king Is holde</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+A flatterer is worse than a storm or a pestilence.</p>
+<p>O flatterere were than is the ſtormys cold,</p>
+<p>Or peſtelens, and mor the realme anoyith;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1932" id = "line1932">1932</a></span>
+For he the law and puple boith diſtroyith.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 24 <i>b</i>.]</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Three things make flatterers in favour.</p>
+<p>And in to principall ben ther three thing<i>is</i>,</p>
+<p>That cauſſith flattereris ſtonding w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> the
+king<i>is</i>;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+First, the blind ignorance of kings.</p>
+<p>And on, It is the blyndit Ignorans</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1936" id = "line1936">1936</a></span>
+Of king<i>is</i>, wich that hath no gou<i>er</i>nans</p>
+<p>To wnd<i>er</i>ſtond who doith ſich o myß;</p>
+<p>But who that fareſt ſchewith hym, I-wyß,</p>
+<p>Moſt ſuffiſith and beſt to his pleſans.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1940" id = "line1940">1940</a></span>
+Wo to the realme that havith ſich o chans!</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Secondly, where a king is vicious himself.</p>
+<p>And ſecundly, quhar that o king Is</p>
+<p>Weciuß hyme-ſelf, he cheriſſith, ywys,</p>
+<p>Al them the wich that one to vicis ſoundith,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1944" id = "line1944">1944</a></span>
+Whar-throw that vicis and flattery ek aboundith.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Thirdly, where the king is so foolish, that he knows their flattery, yet
+withdraws from reproving them.</p>
+<p>The thrid, is the ilk ſchrewit harrmful wice,</p>
+<p>Wich makith o king w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>in hyme-ſelf ſo nyce,</p>
+<p>That al thar flattry and ther gilt he knowith</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1948" id = "line1948">1948</a></span>
+In to his wit, and ȝhit he hyme w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-drowith</p>
+<p>Them to repref, and of ther vicis he wot;</p>
+<p>And this It is wich that diſſemblyng hot,</p>
+<p>That in no way accordith for o king.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1952" id = "line1952">1952</a></span>
+Is he not ſet abuf apone his Ri<i>n</i>gne,</p>
+<p>As ſou<i>er</i>ane his puple for to lede?</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Why should a king spare to say the truth?</p>
+<p>Whi ſchuld he ſpare, or quhom of ſchuld he dred</p>
+<p>To ſay the treuth, as he of Right is hold?</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1956" id = "line1956">1956</a></span>
+And if ſo ware that al the king<i>is</i> wold,</p>
+<p>When that his leg<i>is</i> comytit ony wyce,</p>
+<p>As beith not to ſchamful, nore to nyce,</p>
+<p>That thei preſume that he is negligent,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+He should reprove without dissembling, as it is fitting.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1960" id = "line1960">1960</a></span>
+But als far as he thinkith that thei myß-went,</p>
+<p>But diſſemblyng reprewith as afferis;</p>
+<p>And pwnice them quhar pwnyſing Requeris,</p>
+<p>Sauf only m<i>er</i>cy in the tyme of ned.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1964" id = "line1964">1964</a></span>
+And ſo o king he ſchuld his puple led,</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page58" id = "page58" href = "#notes58">58</a></span>
+
+<p>That no treſpaß, that cu<i>m</i>myth in his way,</p>
+<p>Shuld paß his hond wne-pwniſt away;</p>
+<p>Nore no good deid in to the ſamyn degree,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1968" id = "line1968">1968</a></span>
+Nore no wertew, ſuld wn-Reuardid bee.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Then flattery, that now is high, should be low.</p>
+<p>Than flattry ſhuld, that now is he, be low,</p>
+<p>And wice from the king<i>is</i> court w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-drow;</p>
+<p>His miniſt<i>er</i>is that ſhuld the Iuſtice reull,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1972" id = "line1972">1972</a></span>
+Shuld kep well furt<i>h</i> of quiet &amp; reull,</p>
+<p>That now, god wat, as It conſerwit Is,</p>
+<p>The ſtere is loſt, and al is gon amys;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 25 <i>a</i>.]</p>
+<p>And vertew ſhuld hame to the court hyme dreß,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1976" id = "line1976">1976</a></span>
+That exillith goith in to the wild<i>er</i>nes.</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+WISE KINGS MAKE A WISE PEOPLE.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+If a king thus stood like his own degree, his people would be virtuous
+and wise.</p>
+<p>Thus if o king ſtud lyk his awn degree,</p>
+<p>Wertwis and wyß than ſhuld his puple bee,</p>
+<p>Only ſet by vertew hyme to pleß,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1980" id = "line1980">1980</a></span>
+And ſore adred his wiſdom to diſpleß.</p>
+<p>And if that he towart the vicis draw,</p>
+<p>His folk ſall go on to that ilk law;</p>
+<p>What ſhal hyme pleß that wil no<i>ch</i>t ell<i>is</i> fynd,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1984" id = "line1984">1984</a></span>
+Bot ther-apon ſetith al ther mynde.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Thus the rule of his people and kingdom standeth only in the king’s
+virtue.</p>
+<p>Thus only in the wertew of o king</p>
+<p>The reull ſtant of his puple &amp; his ringne,</p>
+<p>If he be wyß and, but diſſemblyng, ſchewis,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1988" id = "line1988">1988</a></span>
+As I have ſaid, the vicis one to ſchrewis.</p>
+<p>And ſo thus, ſ<i>ir</i>, It ſtant apone thi will</p>
+<p>For to omend thi puple, or to ſpill;</p>
+<p>Or have thi court of vertewis folk, or fullis;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Since thou art wholly master of the schools, teach them, and they shall
+gladly learn.”</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1992" id = "line1992">1992</a></span>
+Sen yow art holl maiſt<i>er</i> of the ſcoullis</p>
+<p>Teichith them, and thei ſal gladly leir,</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT46" id = "noteT46" href = "#tagT46">46</a>
+Or, “leir.” MS. apparently has “leir,” corrected to “heir.”</p>
+
+<p>That is to ſay, that thei may no thing heir<a class = "tag" name =
+"tagT46" id = "tagT46" href = "#noteT46">46</a></p>
+<p>Sauf only wertew towart thyn eſtat;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line1996" id = "line1996">1996</a></span>
+And cheriß them that wertews ben algait.</p>
+<p>And thinkith what that wertew is to thee;</p>
+<p>It pleſſith god, vphaldith thi degree.”</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page59" id = "page59" href = "#notes59">59</a></span>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Arthur considers his counsel profitable.</p>
+<p>“Maiſt<i>er</i>,” q<i>uo</i>d he, “me think ry<i>ch</i>t
+profitable</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2000" id = "line2000">2000</a></span>
+Yowr conſeell Is, and wond<i>er</i> honorable</p>
+<p>For me, and good; ry<i>ch</i>t well I have <i>con</i>ſauit,</p>
+<p>And in myne hart<i>is</i> Inwartneß reſauit.</p>
+<p>I ſhal fulfill and do yowr ordynans</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2004" id = "line2004">2004</a></span>
+Als far of wit as I have ſuffiſans;</p>
+<p>Bot y beſeich yow, in til hartly wyß,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+He beseeches him to expound his dream,</p>
+<p>That of my drem ȝhe ſo to me dewyß,</p>
+<p>The wich ſo long haith occupeid my mynd,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+how he shall only find help through the water-lion, the leech, and the
+flower.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2008" id = "line2008">2008</a></span>
+How that I ſhal no man<i>er</i> ſucour fynd</p>
+<p>Bot only throw the wattir lyon, &amp; ſyne</p>
+<p>The leich that is w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>outen medyſyne;</p>
+<p>And of the conſell of the flour; wich ayre</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2012" id = "line2012">2012</a></span>
+Wond<i>er</i>is lyk that no man can duclar.”</p>
+
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+THE WATER-LION MEANS GOD.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "break">“<span class = "dropcap">N</span>ow, ſ<i>ir</i>,”
+q<i>uod</i> he, “and I of them al thre,</p>
+<p>What thei betakyne ſhal I ſchaw to the,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The master’s explanation.</p>
+<p>Such as the clerk<i>is</i> at them ſpecifiit;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 25 <ins class = "correction" title =
+". invisible"><i>b</i>.</ins>]</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2016" id = "line2016">2016</a></span>
+Thei vſit no thing what thei ſignefiit.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The water-lion is the very God.</p>
+<p>The wattir lyone Is the god werray,</p>
+<p>God to the lyone is lyknyt many way;</p>
+<p>But thei have hyme In to the wattir ſeñ,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2020" id = "line2020">2020</a></span>
+Confuſit were ther wittis al, y weñ;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The water is men’s fragility;</p>
+<p>The wattir was ther awn fragelitee,</p>
+<p>And thar treſpas, and thar Inequitee</p>
+<p>In to this world, the wich thei ſtond y-cloſit;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2024" id = "line2024">2024</a></span>
+That was the wattir wich thei have ſuppoſit,</p>
+<p>That haith there knowlag maad ſo Inp<i>er</i>fyt;</p>
+<p>Thar ſyne &amp; ek ther worldis gret delyt,</p>
+<p>As clowdy wattir, was eu<i>er</i>more betweñ,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+whereby they see not the lion perfectly.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2028" id = "line2028">2028</a></span>
+That thei the lyone p<i>er</i>fitly hath no<i>ch</i>t ſeñ;</p>
+<p>Bot as the wattir, wich was y<i>er</i> awn ſyn<i>n</i>e,</p>
+<p>That eu<i>er</i>mor thei ſtond confuſit In.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Had men been always religious, they had seen the lion not in water, but
+clearly.</p>
+<p>If thei haith ſtond in to religioñ clen,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2032" id = "line2032">2032</a></span>
+Thei had the lyone Not in watt<i>er</i> ſen,</p>
+<p>Bot clerly vp in to the hewyne abuf,</p>
+<p>Et<i>er</i>naly whar he ſhal not remufe.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page60" id = "page60" href = "#notes60">60</a></span>
+
+<p>And eu<i>er</i>more in vatt<i>er</i> of ſyne vas hee,</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT47" id = "noteT47" href = "#tagT47">47</a>
+“see”(?).</p>
+
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2036" id = "line2036">2036</a></span>
+For-quhi It is Impoſſeble for to bee;<a class = "tag" name = "tagT47" id
+= "tagT47" href = "#noteT47">47</a></p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The world is enclosed in the darkness of their sin.</p>
+<p>And thus the world, wich that thei ar In,</p>
+<p>Y-cloſit Is in dyrknes of ther ſyne;</p>
+<p>And ek the thikneß of the air betwen</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2040" id = "line2040">2040</a></span>
+The lyone mad in vattir to be ſen.</p>
+<p>For It was no<i>ch</i>t bot ſtrenth of ther clergy</p>
+<p>Wich thei have here, and It is bot erthly,</p>
+<p>That makith them there reſou<i>n</i>s dewyß,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2044" id = "line2044">2044</a></span>
+And ſe the lyone thus in erthly wyß.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The lion is God’s son, Jesu Christ.</p>
+<p>This is the lyone, god, and goddis sone,</p>
+<p>Ih<i>es</i>u criſt, wich ay in hewyne ſal won<i>n</i>e.</p>
+<p>For as the lyone of euery beſt is king,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2048" id = "line2048">2048</a></span>
+So is he lord and maiſt<i>er</i> of al thing,</p>
+<p>That of the bleſſit vyrgyne vas y-bore.</p>
+<p>Ful many a natur the lyone haith, quhar-fore</p>
+<p>That he to god reſemblyt is, bot I</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2052" id = "line2052">2052</a></span>
+Lyk not mo at this tyme ſpecify.</p>
+<p>This is the lyone, thar-of have yow no dred,</p>
+<p>That ſhal the help and comfort In thi ned.</p>
+
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+THE LEECH WITHOUT MEDICINE IS CHRIST.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "break"><span class = "dropcap">T</span>he ſentens here now
+woll I the defyne</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The leech without medicine is also God.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2056" id = "line2056">2056</a></span>
+Of hyme, the lech w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>outen medyſyne,</p>
+<p>Wich is the god that euery thing hath vroght.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 26 <i>a</i>.]</p>
+<p>For yow may know that vther Is It noght,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Not as surgeons,</p>
+<p>As ſurgynis and feſicianis, wich that delith</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2060" id = "line2060">2060</a></span>
+W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> mortell thing<i>is</i>, and mortell thing<i>is</i>
+helyth,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+whose art is in medicine,</p>
+<p>And al thar art is in to medyſyne,</p>
+<p>As it is ordanit be the my<i>ch</i>t dewyne,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and in plaisters, drinks, and various anointments; who know the quality
+of the year, and the disposition of the planets.</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT48" id = "noteT48" href = "#tagT48">48</a>
+MS. “anoñytmēt<i>is</i>,” or “anoūytmēt<i>is</i>.”</p>
+
+<p>As plaſt<i>er</i>is, drink<i>is</i>, and
+anouy<i>n</i>tme<i>n</i>t<i>is</i><a class = "tag" name = "tagT48" id =
+"tagT48" href = "#noteT48">48</a> ſeir,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2064" id = "line2064">2064</a></span>
+And of the qualyte watyng of the yher;</p>
+<p>And of the planet<i>is</i> diſpoſiciou<i>n</i>e,</p>
+<p>And of the naturis of compleccyoune,</p>
+<p>And in the diu<i>er</i>ß changing of hwmowr<i>is</i>.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2068" id = "line2068">2068</a></span>
+Thus wnd<i>er</i> reull lyith al there cwris;</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page61" id = "page61" href = "#notes61">61</a></span>
+
+<p>And yhit thei far as blynd man In the way,</p>
+<p>Oft quhen that deith thar craft liſt to aſſay.</p>
+<p>Bot god, the wich that is the ſou<i>er</i>an lech,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2072" id = "line2072">2072</a></span>
+Nedith no man<i>er</i> medyſyne to ſech;</p>
+<p>For ther is no Infyrmyte, nore wound,</p>
+<p>Bot as hyme lykith al is holl and ſound.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+But God can heal infirmity of thought,</p>
+<p>So can he heill Infyrmytee of thoght,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2076" id = "line2076">2076</a></span>
+Wich that one erdly medeſyne can noght;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and also the soul that goeth to confusion.</p>
+<p>And als the ſaul that to confuſioune goith,</p>
+<p>And haith with hyme and vther p<i>ar</i>teis boith,</p>
+<p>His dedly wound god helyth frome the ground;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2080" id = "line2080">2080</a></span>
+On to his cure no medyſyne is found.</p>
+<p>This Is his my<i>ch</i>t that neu<i>er</i> more ſhall fyne,</p>
+<p>This is the leich w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>outen medyſyne;</p>
+<p>And If that yhow at confeſſioune hath ben</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2084" id = "line2084">2084</a></span>
+And makith the of al thi ſyn<i>n</i>is clen,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+He shall be thy leech in all necessity.</p>
+<p>Yow art than holl, and this ilk ſamyn is he</p>
+<p>Schall be thi leich In al neceſſitee.</p>
+
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+THE FLOWER IS THE VIRGIN MARY.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "break"><span class = "dropcap">N</span>ow of the flour y
+woll to the diſcerñ:</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT49" id = "noteT49" href = "#tagT49">49</a>
+The word, though indistinct, is almost certainly “haith.” Stevenson has
+“high;” but this gives no sense.</p>
+
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2088" id = "line2088">2088</a></span>
+This is the flour that haith<a class = "tag" name = "tagT49" id =
+"tagT49" href = "#noteT49">49</a> the froyt eterñ,</p>
+<p>This is the flour, this fadith for no ſchour,</p>
+<p>This is the flour of euery flouris floure;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The flower is she of whom the eternal fruit was born,</p>
+<p>This is the flour, of quhom the froyt vas borñ,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2092" id = "line2092">2092</a></span>
+This ws redemyt eft<i>er</i> that we war lorñ;</p>
+<p>This Is the flour that eu<i>er</i> ſpryngith new,</p>
+<p>This is the flour that changith neu<i>er</i> hew;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+the virgin that bore the Saviour,</p>
+<p>This is the vyrgyne, this is the bleſſit flour</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2096" id = "line2096">2096</a></span>
+That Ih<i>es</i>u bur is our salweour,</p>
+<p>This flour wnwe<i>m</i>myt of hir wirginitee;</p>
+<p>This is the flour of our felicitee,</p>
+<p>This is the flour to quhom ve ſhuld exort,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+that ceaseth not to support us caitiffs,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2100" id = "line2100">2100</a></span>
+This is the flour not ſeſſith to ſupport</p>
+<p>In prayere, conſell, and in byſſynes,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 26 <i>b</i>.]</p>
+<p>Vs catifis ay In to our wrechitnes</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page62" id = "page62" href = "#notes62">62</a></span>
+
+<p>On to hir sone, the quich hir conſell herith;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2104" id = "line2104">2104</a></span>
+This is the flour that al our gladneß ſterith,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+through whose prayer are many saved.</p>
+<p>Throuch whois prayer mony one is ſawit,</p>
+<p>That to the deth et<i>er</i>naly war reſawit,</p>
+<p>Ne war hir hartly ſuplicatioune.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2108" id = "line2108">2108</a></span>
+This is the flour of our ſaluatioune,</p>
+<p>Next hir sone, the froyt of euery flour;</p>
+<p>This is the ſam that ſhal be thi ſuccour,</p>
+<p>If that the lykith hartly Reu<i>er</i>ans</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2112" id = "line2112">2112</a></span>
+And ſ<i>er</i>uice ȝeld one to hir excellens,</p>
+<p>Syne worſchip hir w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> al thi byſſyneß;</p>
+<p>Sche ſal thi harm, ſche ſall thi ned redreß.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+She shall so counsel the lion and the leech, that thou need not
+despair.</p>
+<p>Sche ſall ſice conſell if one to the two,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2116" id = "line2116">2116</a></span>
+The lyone and the ſou<i>er</i>ane lech alſo,</p>
+<p>Yow ſall not Ned yi drem̅ for to diſpar,</p>
+<p>Nor ȝhit no thing that is in thi contrare.</p>
+<p>Now&mdash;q<i>uo</i>d the maiſt<i>er</i>&mdash;yow may well
+wnd<i>er</i>ſtand</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2120" id = "line2120">2120</a></span>
+Tueching thi drem as I have born on hande;</p>
+<p>And planly haith the mat<i>er</i> al declarith,</p>
+<p>That yhow may know of wich yow was diſparith.</p>
+<p>The lech, the lyone, and the flour alſo,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2124" id = "line2124">2124</a></span>
+Yow worſchip them, yow ſerve them eu<i>er</i>mo;</p>
+<p>And ples the world as I have ſaid before;</p>
+<p>In gou<i>er</i>nans thus ſtondith al thi glore.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Do now as thou list, for all is in thy hand.</p>
+<p>Do as yow liſt, for al is in thi honde,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2128" id = "line2128">2128</a></span>
+To tyne thi-ſelf, thi honore, and thi londe,</p>
+<p>Or lyk o prince, o <i>con</i>querour, or king,</p>
+<p>In honore and in worſchip for to Ringe.”</p>
+
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+ARTHUR IS COMFORTED.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The king replies,</p>
+<p class = "indent">“Now,” q<i>uod</i> the king, “I fell that the
+ſupport</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2132" id = "line2132">2132</a></span>
+Of yhour conſell haith don me ſich comfort,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+that his heart is eased from fear;</p>
+<p>Of euery raddour my hart is In to eß,</p>
+<p>To ȝhour <i>com</i>mand, god will, y ſal obeß.</p>
+<p>Bot o thing is yneuch wn to me,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+but inquires if Galiot will win over the red knight, and what is his
+name.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2136" id = "line2136">2136</a></span>
+How galiot makith his awant that he</p>
+<p>Shall have the kny<i>ch</i>t, that only by his honde</p>
+<p>And manhed, was defendour of my londe;</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page63" id = "page63" href = "#notes63">63</a></span>
+
+<p>If that ſhall fall y pray yhow tellith me,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2140" id = "line2140">2140</a></span>
+And quhat he hecht, and of quhat lond is hee?”</p>
+<p>“What that he hecht yow ſhall no fory<i>er</i> know,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The master evades reply.</p>
+<p>His dedis ſall her-eft<i>er</i>wart hyme ſchaw;</p>
+<p>Bot <i>con</i>trar the he ſhall be found no way.</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT50" id = "noteT50" href = "#tagT50">50</a>
+At the bottom of the page is the catch-word, “With that the king.”</p>
+
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2144" id = "line2144">2144</a></span>
+No more thar-of as now y will the ſay.”<a class = "tag" name = "tagT50"
+id = "tagT50" href = "#noteT50">50</a></p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 27 <i>a</i>.]</p>
+<p>With that the king haith at his maiſtir tone</p>
+<p class = "footnote mynote">
+* Text unchanged. Duplication does not fit metre, and another edition
+has ‘one to his’.<br>
+** Missing syllable?</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The king and the host return home.</p>
+<p>His leve, one to to* his cuntre for to goñe;</p>
+<p>And al the oſt makith none abyde,**</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2148" id = "line2148">2148</a></span>
+To paſſing home anone thei can p<i>ro</i>wid;</p>
+<p>And to ſ<i>ir</i> gawane thei haith o lytt<i>er</i> maad,</p>
+<p>Ful ſore ywound, and hyme on w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> them haade.</p>
+
+<p class = "indent">[T]he king, as that the ſtory can declar,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The king sojourns twenty-four days at Cardole, in Wales.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2152" id = "line2152">2152</a></span>
+Paſſith to o Cete that was Right fair,</p>
+<p>And clepit cardole, In to walis, was,</p>
+<p>For that tyme than It was the n<i>er</i>eſt place,</p>
+<p>And thar he ſoiornyt xxiiijti days</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2156" id = "line2156">2156</a></span>
+In ryall feſting, as the auttore ſays.</p>
+<p>So diſcretly his puple he haith cherit,</p>
+<p>That he thar hartis holy haith <i>con</i>querit.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Sir Gawan is healed in fifteen days.</p>
+<p>And ſ<i>ir</i> gawan, helyt holl and ſound</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2160" id = "line2160">2160</a></span>
+Be xv dais he was of euery wounde;</p>
+<p>Right blyt<i>h</i> therof in to the court war thei.</p>
+
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+ARTHUR AGAIN BECOMES MOURNFUL.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT51" id = "noteT51" href = "#tagT51">51</a>
+MS. “xxviij,” altered to “xxiiij.”</p>
+
+<p>And ſo befell, the xxiiij<a class = "tag" name = "tagT51" id =
+"tagT51" href = "#noteT51">51</a> day,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The king becomes mournful, as he sits at the mess.</p>
+<p>The king to fall in to o hewynes,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2164" id = "line2164">2164</a></span>
+Right ate his table ſiting at the meß;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Gawan rebukes him.</p>
+<p>And ſ<i>ir</i> gawan cu<i>m</i>myth hyme before,</p>
+<p>And ſaid hyme, “ſ<i>ir</i>, yhour thoght is al to ſore,</p>
+<p>Conſid<i>er</i>ing the diu<i>er</i>ß kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> ſere</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2168" id = "line2168">2168</a></span>
+Ar of wncouth and ſtrang land<i>is</i> here.”</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The king answers in “matalent,”</p>
+<p>The king anſuert, as in to matalent,</p>
+<p>“S<i>ir</i>, of my tho<i>ch</i>t, or ȝhit of myne entent,</p>
+<p>Yhe have the wrang me to repref, for-quhy</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2172" id = "line2172">2172</a></span>
+Thar lewith none that ſhuld me blam, for I</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page64" id = "page64" href = "#notes64">64</a></span>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+that he was thinking of the worthiest knight living;</p>
+<p>Was thinkand one the worthieſt that lewyt,</p>
+<p>That al the worſchip In to armys prewyt;</p>
+<p>And how the thonk of my defens he had,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2176" id = "line2176">2176</a></span>
+And of the wow that galiot haith mad.</p>
+<p>But I have ſen, when that of my houſhold</p>
+<p>Thar was, and of my falowſchip, that wold,</p>
+<p>If that thei wiſt, quhat thing ſhuld me pleß,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2180" id = "line2180">2180</a></span>
+Thei wald no<i>ch</i>t leif for trawell nor for eß.</p>
+<p>And ſum tyme It p<i>re</i>ſwmyt was &amp; ſaid,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+that he once had the flower of knighthood in his household, but now this
+flower is away.</p>
+<p>That in my houſhold of al this world I had</p>
+<p>The flour of kny<i>ch</i>thed and of chevalry;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2184" id = "line2184">2184</a></span>
+Bot now thar-of y ſe the contrarye,</p>
+<p>Sen that the flour of kny<i>ch</i>thed is away.”</p>
+<p>“Schir,” q<i>uod</i> he, “of Reſone ſuth yhe ſay;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 27 <i>b</i>.]</p>
+<p>And if god will, In al this warld ſo Round</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2188" id = "line2188">2188</a></span>
+He ſal be ſoght, if that he may he found.”</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+GAWANE’S EXPEDITION.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Gawan departs to seek Lancelot.</p>
+<p>Than gawan goith w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> o kny<i>ch</i>tly chere,</p>
+<p>At the hal <!-- flyspeck -->dure he ſaith In this maner:</p>
+<p>“In this paſag who lykith for to wend?</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2192" id = "line2192">2192</a></span>
+It is o Iorne moſt for to comend</p>
+<p>That In my tyme In to the court fallith,</p>
+<p>To knyght<i>is</i> wich that chewellry lowith</p>
+<p>Or trawell In to armys for to hant;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2196" id = "line2196">2196</a></span>
+And lat no kny<i>ch</i>t fra thyne-furt<i>h</i> hyme awant</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+All the knights rise to go with him.</p>
+<p>That it denyith;”&mdash;w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> that onon thei roß,</p>
+<p>Al the kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i>, and frome the burdis goß.</p>
+<p>The king that ſauch In to his hart was wo,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Arthur reproves him.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2200" id = "line2200">2200</a></span>
+And ſaid, “ſ<i>ir</i> gawan, nece, why dois yow ſo?</p>
+<p>Knowis yow no<i>ch</i>t I myne houſhold ſuld encreß,</p>
+<p>In kny<i>ch</i>thed, and in honore, and largeß?</p>
+<p>And now yow thinkith mak me diſſolat</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2204" id = "line2204">2204</a></span>
+Of kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i>, and my houß tranſulat,</p>
+<p>To ſek o kny<i>ch</i>t, and It was neu<i>er</i> more</p>
+<p>Hard ſich o ſemble makith o before.”</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Gawan explains.</p>
+<p>“S<i>ir</i>,” q<i>uod</i> he, “als few as may yhow pleſß;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2208" id = "line2208">2208</a></span>
+For what I said was no thing for myne eß,</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page65" id = "page65" href = "#notes65">65</a></span>
+
+<p>Nor for deſir of falouſchip, for-why</p>
+<p>To paß alone, but cumpany, think I;</p>
+<p>And ilk kny<i>ch</i>t to paß o ſundry way;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2212" id = "line2212">2212</a></span>
+The mo thei paß the fewar eſchef thay,</p>
+<p>Bot thus ſhal pas no mo bot as yhow leſt.”</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Arthur assigns him forty companions.</p>
+<p>“Takith,” q<i>uod</i> he, “of quhom ȝhe lykith beſt,</p>
+<p>Fourty in this paſag for to go;”</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2216" id = "line2216">2216</a></span>
+At this <i>com</i>mand and gawan cheſit ſo</p>
+<p>Fourty, quhich that he louit, &amp; that was</p>
+<p>Richt glaid in to his falowſchip to pas.</p>
+
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+GAWANE AND HIS FELLOWS DEPART.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+These knights arm themselves,</p>
+<p class = "indent">[A]nd furth thei go, and al anarmyt thei</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2220" id = "line2220">2220</a></span>
+Come to the king, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>outen more delay,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and bring the relics, whereon to swear to shew the truth.</p>
+<p>The relyk<i>is</i> bro<i>ch</i>t, as was the man<i>er</i> tho,</p>
+<p>When any knyght<i>is</i> frome the court ſuld go.</p>
+<p>Or when the paſſit, or quhen thei com, thei ſwor</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2224" id = "line2224">2224</a></span>
+The trouth to ſchaw of euery aduentur.</p>
+<p>S<i>ir</i> gawan knelyng to his falowis ſais,</p>
+<p>“Yhe lord<i>is</i>, wich that in this ſeking gais,</p>
+<p>So many noble and worthi kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> ar ȝhe,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2228" id = "line2228">2228</a></span>
+Me think in wayne yhour t<i>ra</i>uel ſhuld no<i>ch</i>t be,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 28 <i>a</i>.]</p>
+<p>For aduentur is non so gret to pref,</p>
+<p>As I ſuppone, nor ȝhe ſal It eſſchef,</p>
+<p>And if ȝhe lyk as I that ſhal dewyß,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2232" id = "line2232">2232</a></span>
+Yhour oth to ſwer In to the ſamyne wyß</p>
+<p>Myne oith to kep;”&mdash;and that thei vnd<i>er</i>tak,</p>
+<p>How eu<i>er</i> ſo that he his oith mak</p>
+<p>It to conſerf, and that thei have all ſworñ.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2236" id = "line2236">2236</a></span>
+Than gawan, wich that was the king beforn,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Gawane swears not to return till he has found Lancelot, or evidence of
+him.</p>
+<p>On kneis ſwore, “I ſal the ſuth duclar</p>
+<p>Of euery thing when I agan Repar,</p>
+<p>Nor neu<i>er</i> more aȝhane ſal I returñ,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2240" id = "line2240">2240</a></span>
+Nore in o place long for to ſuiorñ</p>
+<p>Whill that the kny<i>ch</i>t or verray evydens</p>
+<p>I have, that ſhal be toknis of credens.”</p>
+<p>His falouſchip abaſit of that thing,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2244" id = "line2244">2244</a></span>
+And als therof anoyt was the king,</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page66" id = "page66" href = "#notes66">66</a></span>
+
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+THE LADY ASKS LANCELOT HIS NAME.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Arthur reproves him for forgetting the coming day of battle.</p>
+<p>Sayng, “Nece, yow haith al foly vroght</p>
+<p>And wilfulneß, that haith no<i>ch</i>t in thi thoght</p>
+<p>The day of batell of galot and me.”</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Gawane says it must be so.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2248" id = "line2248">2248</a></span>
+Q<i>uod</i> gawan, “Now non other ways ma be.”</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Gawane and his fellow lace their helms, and take their leave.</p>
+<p>Thar-w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> he and his falowſchip alſo</p>
+<p>Thar halmys laſit, on to ther horß thei go,</p>
+<p>Syne tuk ther lef, and frome the court the fare,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2252" id = "line2252">2252</a></span>
+Thar names ware to long for to declar.</p>
+<p>Now ſal we leif hyme and h<i>is</i> cumpany,</p>
+<p>That in thar ſeking paſſith biſſely;</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+GAWANE AND HIS FELLOWS DEPART.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The story returns to the lady of Melyhalt.</p>
+<p>And of the lady of melyhalt we tell,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2256" id = "line2256">2256</a></span>
+W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> whome the kny<i>ch</i>t mot ned alway duell.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT52" id = "noteT52" href = "#tagT52">52</a>
+Room is here left in the MS. for an illuminated letter, and a small “o”
+inserted as a note.</p>
+
+<p class = "indent"><a class = "tag" name = "tagT52" id = "tagT52" href
+= "#noteT52">52</a>[O] day ſhe mayd hyme on to h<i>ir</i> p<i>re</i>ſens
+fet,</p>
+<p>And on o ſege be-ſid hir haith hyme ſet,</p>
+<p>“S<i>ir</i>, in keping I have yow halding long,”</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2260" id = "line2260">2260</a></span>
+And thus ſche ſaid, “for gret treſpas &amp; wrong,</p>
+<p>Magre my ſtewart, in worſchip, and for-thi</p>
+<p>Ȝhe ſuld me thonk;”&mdash;“madem,” q<i>uod</i> he, “and I</p>
+<p>Thonk yhow ſo that eu<i>er</i>, at my mycht,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2264" id = "line2264">2264</a></span>
+Whar-ſo I paß that I ſal be yhour kny<i>ch</i>t.”</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+She inquires Lancelot’s name.</p>
+<p>“Grant mercy, ſ<i>ir</i>, bot o thing I ȝow pray,</p>
+<p>What that ȝhe ar ȝhe wold w<i>i</i>c<i>h</i>sauf to ſay.”</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+He refuses to tell.</p>
+<p>“Madem,” q<i>uod</i> he, “yhour mercy aſk I, quhy</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2268" id = "line2268">2268</a></span>
+That for to ſay apone no wyß may I.”</p>
+<p>“No! wil ȝhe not? non oy<i>er</i> ways as now</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+She vows to keep him in thrall till the day of combat;</p>
+<p>Ȝhe ſal repent, and ek I mak awow</p>
+<p>One to the thing the wich that I beſt love,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 28 <i>b</i>.]</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2272" id = "line2272">2272</a></span>
+Out frome my keping ſal ȝhe not Remuf</p>
+<p>Befor the day of the aſſemblee,</p>
+<p>Wich that, o ȝher, is n<i>er</i>eſt for to bee;</p>
+<p>And if that ȝow haith pleſſit for to ſay,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2276" id = "line2276">2276</a></span>
+Ȝhe had fore me deliu<i>er</i>it ben this day;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and to go to the court to try and learn it.</p>
+<p>And I ſal knaw, quhey<i>er</i> ȝhe wil or no,</p>
+<p>For I furt<i>h</i>-w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> one to the court ſal go,</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page67" id = "page67" href = "#notes67">67</a></span>
+
+<p>Whar that al thithing<i>is</i> goith &amp; cu<i>m</i>yth ſoñ.”</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2280" id = "line2280">2280</a></span>
+“Madem,” q<i>uod</i> he, “yhour pleſance mot be doñe.”</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The knight retires.</p>
+<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> that the kny<i>ch</i>t one to his chalm<i>er</i>
+goith,</p>
+<p>And the lady hir makith to be wroith</p>
+<p>Aȝanis hyme, but ſuthly vas ſche not,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2284" id = "line2284">2284</a></span>
+For he al-out was mor in to hir thoght.</p>
+<p>Than ſchapith ſhe aȝane the ferd day,</p>
+<p>And richly ſche gan hir-ſelf aray;</p>
+<p>Syne clepit haith apone her cuſynes,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Before going to the court,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2288" id = "line2288">2288</a></span>
+And ſaith, “y will one to the court me dreß;</p>
+<p>And malice I have ſchawin on to ȝhon kny<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p>For-quhy he wold no<i>ch</i>t ſchew me quhat he hicht,</p>
+<p>Bot ſo, I-wyß, It is no<i>ch</i>t in my tho<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2292" id = "line2292">2292</a></span>
+For worthyar non In to this erth is wro<i>ch</i>t.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+she prays her cousin to take care of him.</p>
+<p>Tharfor I pray, and hartly I requer</p>
+<p>Ȝhe mak hyme al the cu<i>m</i>pany and chere,</p>
+<p>And do hyme al the worſchip and the eß,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2296" id = "line2296">2296</a></span>
+Excep his honore, wich that may hym pleß;</p>
+<p>And quhen I cum deliu<i>er</i>ith hyme als fre</p>
+<p>As he is now;”&mdash;“ne have no dred,” q<i>uod</i> ſche.</p>
+
+<p class = "indent">[T]he lady p<i>ar</i>tit, and hir lef hath ton,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2300" id = "line2300">2300</a></span>
+And by hir Iorne to the court Is gon.</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+SHE GOES TO SEE ARTHUR.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The lady meets Arthur at Logris;</p>
+<p>The king hapnit at logris for to bee,</p>
+<p>Wich of his realme was than the chef cete;</p>
+<p>And haith hir met, and In til hartly wyß</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2304" id = "line2304">2304</a></span>
+Reſauit her, and welcu<i>m</i>myt oft-ſyß;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+who brings her home to his palace;</p>
+<p>And haith hir home one to his palice bro<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p>Whar that no dante nedith to be ſocht,</p>
+<p>And maid hir cher w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> al his ful entent.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2308" id = "line2308">2308</a></span>
+Eft <ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘fupir’">ſupir</ins>
+one to o chalm<i>er</i> ar thei went,</p>
+<p>The king and ſche, and ek the quen al thre;</p>
+<p>Of hir tithand<i>is</i> at hir than aſkit hee,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and inquires what has brought her.</p>
+<p>And what that hir one to the court had bro<i>ch</i>t?</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT53" id = "noteT53" href = "#tagT53">53</a>
+MS. “conne.”</p>
+
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2312" id = "line2312">2312</a></span>
+“S<i>ir</i>,” q<i>uod</i> ſche, “I come<a class = "tag" name = "tagT53"
+id = "tagT53" href = "#noteT53">53</a> not al for no<i>ch</i>t;</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page68" id = "page68" href = "#notes68">68</a></span>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+She says she has a friend who has made a challenge,</p>
+<p>I have o frend haith o dereyne ydoo,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 29 <i>a</i>.]</p>
+<p>And I can fynd none able kny<i>ch</i>t tharto;</p>
+<p>For he the wich that in the <i>con</i>trar Is</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2316" id = "line2316">2316</a></span>
+Is hardy, ſtrong, and of gret kyne, I-wyß;</p>
+<p>Bot, It is ſaid, If I my<i>ch</i>t have w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> me</p>
+<p>Ȝour kny<i>ch</i>t, quich in the last aſſemble</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+which the red knight could best maintain.</p>
+<p>Was in the feld, and the red armys bur,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2320" id = "line2320">2320</a></span>
+In his manhed y my<i>ch</i>t my cauß aſſur;</p>
+<p>And yhow, ſ<i>ir</i>, richt hartly I exort</p>
+<p>In to this ned my myſt<i>er</i> to ſupport.”</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+ARTHUR CAN TELL HER NOTHING.</span></p>
+
+<p>“Madem, by faith one to the quen I aw</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Arthur replies that Gawane is gone to seek him.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2324" id = "line2324">2324</a></span>
+That I beſt loue, the kny<i>ch</i>t I neu<i>er</i> ſaw</p>
+<p>In nerneß by which that I hyme knew;</p>
+<p>And ek gawane Is gan hyme for to ſew</p>
+<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> other fourty kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> In to
+cumpany.”</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2328" id = "line2328">2328</a></span>
+The lady ſmylit at ther fanteſſy;</p>
+<p>The quen thar-w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> p<i>re</i>ſumyt wel that ſche</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The queen asks the lady if she knows where he is.</p>
+<p>Knew quhat he was, and ſaid, “madem, If ȝhe</p>
+<p>Knowith of hyme what that he is, or quhar,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2332" id = "line2332">2332</a></span>
+We ȝhow beſech til ws for to declar.”</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+She replies no, and proposes to return.</p>
+<p>“Madem,” q<i>uod</i> ſche, “now be the faith that I</p>
+<p>Aw to the king and yhow, as for no why</p>
+<p>To court I cam, but of hyme to Inquere;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2336" id = "line2336">2336</a></span>
+And ſen of hyme I can no tithing<i>is</i> here,</p>
+<p>Nedlyng<i>is</i> to-morn homwart mon I fair.”</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Arthur prays her to stay.</p>
+<p>“Na,” q<i>uod</i> the king, “madem, our ſon It waire;</p>
+<p>Ȝhe ſal remayne her for the qwenys ſak;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2340" id = "line2340">2340</a></span>
+Syne ſhal ȝhe of our beſt kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> tak.”</p>
+<p>“S<i>ir</i>,” q<i>uod</i> ſche, “I pray ȝow me excuß,</p>
+<p>For-quhy to paß nedis me behuß;</p>
+<p>Nor, ſen I want the kny<i>ch</i>t which I have ſo<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2344" id = "line2344">2344</a></span>
+Wtheris w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> me to have deſir I no<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p>For I of otheris have that may ſuffice.”</p>
+<p>Bot ȝhit the king hir prayt on ſich wyß,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+She remains till the third day.</p>
+<p>That ſche remanit whill the thrid day;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2348" id = "line2348">2348</a></span>
+Syne tuk hir leif to paſing hom hir way.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page69" id = "page69" href = "#notes69">69</a></span>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+She is sumptuously entertained,</p>
+<p>It nedis not the feſting to declar</p>
+<p>Maid one to hir, nor company nor fare;</p>
+<p>Sche had no kny<i>ch</i>t, ſche had no damyſeill,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2352" id = "line2352">2352</a></span>
+Nor thei richly rewardit war and well.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and returns home.</p>
+<p>Now goith the lady homwart, and ſche</p>
+<p>In her entent deſyrus Is to ſee</p>
+<p>The flour of kny<i>ch</i>thed and of chevelry;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2356" id = "line2356">2356</a></span>
+So was he pryſit and hold to euery wy.</p>
+
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+THE LADY AGAIN SENDS FOR LANCELOT.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote folio break">[Fol. 29 <i>b</i>.]</p>
+<p><span class = "dropcap">T</span>he lady, which one to hir palace
+come,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Soon after, she sends for Lancelot,</p>
+<p>Bot of ſchort time remanith haith at home</p>
+<p>When ſche gart bryng, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>outen Recidens,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2360" id = "line2360">2360</a></span>
+W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> grete effere this kny<i>ch</i>t to hir
+p<i>rese</i>ns,</p>
+<p>And ſaid hyme; “ſ<i>ir</i>, ſo mekil have I ſo<i>ch</i>t</p>
+<p>And knowith that be-for I knew no<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and proposes to ransom him,</p>
+<p>That If yhow lyk I wil yhour Ransone mak.”</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2364" id = "line2364">2364</a></span>
+“Madem, gladly, wil ȝhe wichſauf to tak</p>
+<p>Eft<i>er</i> that as my powar may atteñ,</p>
+<p>Or that I may p<i>ro</i>wid be ony meñ.”</p>
+<p>“Now, ſ<i>ir</i>,” ſho ſaid, “forſut<i>h</i> It ſal be so,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+on one of three conditions.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2368" id = "line2368">2368</a></span>
+Yhe ſal have thre, and cheß yhow on of tho;</p>
+<p>And if yhow lykith them for to refuß,</p>
+<p>I can no mor, but ȝhe ſal me excuß,</p>
+<p>Yhe ned<i>is</i> mot ſuſten yhour aduentur</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2372" id = "line2372">2372</a></span>
+Contynualy In ward for til endur.”</p>
+<p>“Madem,” q<i>uod</i> he, “and I yhow hartly pray,</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT54" id = "noteT54" href = "#tagT54">54</a>
+So MS. We should probably read “bee.”</p>
+
+<p>What that thei ſay<a class = "tag" name = "tagT54" id = "tagT54" href
+= "#noteT54">54</a> ȝhe wald w<i>i</i>c<i>h</i>ſauf to ſay?”</p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Either he must tell whom he loves,</p>
+<p class = "indent">“[T]he firſt,” q<i>uod</i> ſche, “who hath in to the
+cheñ</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2376" id = "line2376">2376</a></span>
+Of low yhour hart, and if ȝhe may dereñ?</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+or declare his name,</p>
+<p>The next, yhour nam, the which ȝe ſal not lye?</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+or say if he expects again to equal his former exploits.</p>
+<p>The thrid, if eu<i>er</i> ȝhe think of cheualry</p>
+<p>So mekil worſchip to atten in feild</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2380" id = "line2380">2380</a></span>
+Apone o day in armys wnd<i>er</i> ſcheld,</p>
+<p>As yat ȝhe dyd the ſamyne day, when ȝhe</p>
+<p>In red armys was at the aſſemblee?”</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page70" id = "page70" href = "#notes70">70</a></span>
+
+<p>“Madem,” q<i>uod</i> he, “is thar non vther way</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2384" id = "line2384">2384</a></span>
+Me to redem, but only thus to ſay</p>
+<p>Of thing<i>is</i>, which that Rynyth me to blam,</p>
+<p>Me to awant my lady or hir name?</p>
+<p>But If that I moſt ſchawin furth that one,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2388" id = "line2388">2388</a></span>
+What su<i>er</i>te ſchal I have for to gone</p>
+<p>At libertee out of this dang<i>er</i> free?”</p>
+<p>“Schir, ſor to dred no myſt<i>er</i> is,” q<i>uod</i> ſhee;</p>
+<p>“As I am trew and fa<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>full woman hold,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2392" id = "line2392">2392</a></span>
+Ȝhe ſal go fre quhen one of thir is told.”</p>
+<p>“Madem, yhour will non vther ways I may,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+He refuses to tell his lady’s name,</p>
+<p>I mone obey; and to the firſt y ſay,</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT55" id = "noteT55" href = "#tagT55">55</a>
+A space is here left for an illuminated letter.</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "tagT55" id = "tagT55" href =
+"#noteT55">55</a>[I]s, to declar the lady of myne hart,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2396" id = "line2396">2396</a></span>
+My goſt ſal rather of my breſt aſtart”&mdash;</p>
+<p>Whar-by the lady fayndit al for no<i>ch</i>t</p>
+<p>The lowe quhich long hath ben In to h<i>is</i>
+tho<i>ch</i>t&mdash;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+or his own;</p>
+<p>“And of my nam, ſchortly for to ſay,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2400" id = "line2400">2400</a></span>
+It ſtondith ſo that one no wyß I may.</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+LANCELOT CLAIMS HIS LIBERTY;</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 30 <i>a</i>.]</p>
+<p>Bot of the thrid, madem, I se that I</p>
+<p>Mon ſay the thing that tuechith velany;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+but declares that he trusts to do more than ever before; and requires
+his liberty.</p>
+<p>For ſut<i>h</i> it is I traſt, and god before,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2404" id = "line2404">2404</a></span>
+In feld that I ſal do of armys more</p>
+<p>Than eu<i>er</i> I did, if I <i>com</i>mandit bee.</p>
+<p>And now, madem, I have my libertee,</p>
+<p>For I have ſaid I neu<i>er</i> tho<i>ch</i>t to ſay.”</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2408" id = "line2408">2408</a></span>
+“Now, ſ<i>ir</i>,” q<i>uod</i> ſche, “when-eu<i>er</i> ȝhe wil ye
+may;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+She begs of him a boon;</p>
+<p>Bot o thing Is, I yhow hartly raquer,</p>
+<p>Sen I have hold yhow apone ſuch maner</p>
+<p>Not as my fo, that ȝhe vald grant me till.”</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2412" id = "line2412">2412</a></span>
+“Madem,” q<i>uod</i> he, “It ſal be as ȝhe will.”</p>
+<p>“Now, ſ<i>ir</i>,” q<i>uod</i> ſche, “it is no thing bot ȝhe</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+that he will remain with her till the day of battle;</p>
+<p>Remañ w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> ws wn to the aſſemble,</p>
+<p>And euery thyng that In yhour myſt<i>er</i> lyis</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2416" id = "line2416">2416</a></span>
+I ſall gar ordan at yhour awn dewyß;</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page71" id = "page71" href = "#notes71">71</a></span>
+
+<p>And of the day I ſhall yow c<i>er</i>tefy</p>
+<p>Of the aſſemble ȝhe ſal not pas therby.”</p>
+<p>“Madem,” q<i>uod</i> he, “It ſal be as yhow liſt.”</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2420" id = "line2420">2420</a></span>
+“Now, ſ<i>ir</i>,” q<i>uod</i> ſche, “and than I hald It beſt,</p>
+<p>That ȝhe remañ lyk to the ſamyne dogre</p>
+<p>As that ȝhe war, yat non ſal wit that ȝhe</p>
+<p>Deliu<i>er</i>it war; and in to ſacret wyß</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2424" id = "line2424">2424</a></span>
+Thus may ȝhe be; and now yhe ſal dewyß</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and inquires what arms he would like to have made for him. He chooses
+black armour,</p>
+<p>What armys that yhow lykyth I gar mak.”</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+AND ASKS FOR BLACK ARMOUR.</span></p>
+
+<p>“Madem,” q<i>uod</i> he, “armys al of blak.”</p>
+<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> this, this kny<i>ch</i>t is to his chalm<i>er</i>
+goñ;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2428" id = "line2428">2428</a></span>
+The lady gan ful prewaly diſſpone</p>
+<p>For al that longith to the kny<i>ch</i>t, in feild;</p>
+<p>Al blak his horß, his armour, and his ſcheld,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+which is provided.</p>
+<p>That nedful is, al thing ſche well p<i>re</i>widith;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2432" id = "line2432">2432</a></span>
+And in hir keping thus w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> hir he bidith.</p>
+<p>Suppos of love ſche takyne hath the charg,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+She keeps her love close,</p>
+<p>Sche bur It clos, ther-of ſche vas not larg,</p>
+<p>Bot wyſly ſche abſtenit hir diſſir,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2436" id = "line2436">2436</a></span>
+For ell<i>is</i> quhat, ſche knew, he was afyre;</p>
+<p>Thar-for hir wit hir worſchip haith defendit,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+being commended for discretion.</p>
+<p>For in this world thar was nan mor co<i>m</i>mendit,</p>
+<p>Boith of diſcreccioune and of womanhed,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2440" id = "line2440">2440</a></span>
+Of gou<i>er</i>nans, of nurtur, and of farhed.</p>
+<p>This kny<i>ch</i>t w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> hir thus al this whil mon
+duell,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The story returns to Arthur&mdash;</p>
+<p>And furt<i>h</i> of arthur ſumthing wil we tell&mdash;</p>
+
+<p class = "indent">[T]hat walkyng vas furt<i>h</i> in to his
+Regiou<i>n</i>is,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2444" id = "line2444">2444</a></span>
+And ſoiornyt in his ceteis and his townis,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 30 <i>b</i>.]</p>
+<p>As he that had of viſdome ſufficyans.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+who obeys the counsel of Amytans,</p>
+<p>He kepit the lore of maiſt<i>er</i> amytans</p>
+<p>In ryghtwyſnes, In feſting and larges,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2448" id = "line2448">2448</a></span>
+In cheriſing cu<i>m</i>pany and hamlynes;</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+ARTHUR’S LIBERALITY.</span></p>
+
+<p>For he was biſſy and was deligent,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and gives away largely;</p>
+<p>And largly he iffith, and diſpent</p>
+<p>Rewardis, boith one to the pur &amp; riche,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2452" id = "line2452">2452</a></span>
+And holdith feſt throw al the ȝher eliche.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page72" id = "page72" href = "#notes72">72</a></span>
+
+<p>In al the warld paſſing gan his name,</p>
+<p>He chargit not bot of encreß and fam̅e,</p>
+<p>And how his puples hart<i>is</i> to empleß;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2456" id = "line2456">2456</a></span>
+Thar gladnes ay was to his hart moſt eß.</p>
+<p>He rakith not of riches nor treſſour,</p>
+<p>Bot to diſpend one worſchip &amp; honour;</p>
+<p>He ifith riches, he ifith lond and rent,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2460" id = "line2460">2460</a></span>
+He cherißyth them w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> word<i>is</i> eloquent,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and thus gains his people’s love.</p>
+<p>So that thei can them vtraly p<i>ro</i>pone</p>
+<p>In his ſ<i>er</i>uice thar lyves to diſpone:</p>
+<p>So gladith them̅e his homely <i>con</i>tynans,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2464" id = "line2464">2464</a></span>
+His cheriſyng, his wordis of pleſans,</p>
+<p>His cumpany, and ek his mery chere,</p>
+<p>His gret rewardis, and his ift<i>is</i> ſere.</p>
+<p>Thus hath the king non vthir beſynes</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2468" id = "line2468">2468</a></span>
+Bot cheriſing of kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> and largeß,</p>
+<p>To mak hyme-ſelf of honour be <i>com</i>mend;</p>
+<p>And thus the ȝher he drywith to the ende.</p>
+
+<h5>EXPLICIT SECUNDA P<i>AR</i>S, INCIPIT T<i>ER</i>CIA
+P<i>AR</i>S.</h5>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page73" id = "page73" href = "#notes73">73</a></span>
+
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+THE TRUCE DRAWS TO A CLOSE.</span></p>
+
+
+<h3>[BOOK III.]</h3>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The sun ascends in his altitude.</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT56" id = "noteT56" href = "#tagT56">56</a>
+So MS. Should we read “pasith”?</p>
+
+<p class = "break"><span class = "dropcap">T</span>he long dirk paſag<a
+class = "tag" name = "tagT56" id = "tagT56" href = "#noteT56">56</a> of
+the vint<i>er</i>, &amp; the ly<i>ch</i>t</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2472" id = "line2472">2472</a></span>
+Of phebus <i>com</i>prochit w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> his my<i>ch</i>t;</p>
+<p>The which, aſcending In his altitud,</p>
+<p>Awodith saturñ w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> his ſtormys Rude;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The soft dew falls down from heaven.</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT57" id = "noteT57" href = "#tagT57">57</a>
+So MS. It should be “falis.”</p>
+
+<p>The ſoft dew one fra the hewyne doune valis<a class = "tag" name =
+"tagT57" id = "tagT57" href = "#noteT57">57</a></p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2476" id = "line2476">2476</a></span>
+Apone the erth, one hill<i>is</i> and on valis,</p>
+<p>And throw the ſobir &amp; the mwſt hwmour<i>is</i></p>
+<p>Vp nuriſit ar the erbis, and in the flouris</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Nature decks the earth with various hues.</p>
+<p>Natur the erth of many diu<i>er</i>ß hew</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2480" id = "line2480">2480</a></span>
+Our-fret, and cled w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> the tendir new.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 31 <i>a</i>.]</p>
+<p>The birdis may them hiding in the grawis</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The birds may hide them from the hawk in the groves, and Scilla may
+ascend in the air.</p>
+<p>Wel frome the halk, that oft ther lyf berevis;</p>
+<p>And scilla hie aſcending in the ayre,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2484" id = "line2484">2484</a></span>
+That euery vight may heryng hir declar</p>
+<p>Of the ſeſſone the paſſing luſtynes.</p>
+<p>This was the tyme that phebus gan hy<i>m</i> dreß</p>
+<p>In to the rame, and haith his courß bygown,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2488" id = "line2488">2488</a></span>
+Or that the trewis and the ȝher vas Rown,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The time of combat between Galiot and the king drew near.</p>
+<p>Which was y-ſet of galiot and the king</p>
+<p>Of thar aſſemble, and of thar meting.</p>
+<p>Arthur haith a xv dais before</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2492" id = "line2492">2492</a></span>
+Aſſemblit al his barnag and more</p>
+<p>That weryng wnd<i>er</i> his ſubieccioune,</p>
+<p>Or louith hyme, or longith to his crown;</p>
+<p>And haith his Iornay tone, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>outen let,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Arthur goes to the appointed place.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2496" id = "line2496">2496</a></span>
+On to the place the wich that was y-ſet,</p>
+<p>Whar he hath found befor hyme mony o kny<i>ch</i>t</p>
+<p>That cu<i>m</i>myng war w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> al thar holl
+my<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page74" id = "page74" href = "#notes74">74</a></span>
+
+<p>Al enarmyt both w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> ſpere &amp; ſcheld,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2500" id = "line2500">2500</a></span>
+And ful of lug<i>is</i> plantith haith the feld,</p>
+<p>Hyme In the wer for to ſupport and ſerf</p>
+<p>At al ther my<i>ch</i>t, his thonk for to diſſerf.</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+GAWANE REJOINS ARTHUR.</span></p>
+
+<p>And gawan, which was in the ſeking ȝhit</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2504" id = "line2504">2504</a></span>
+Of the gud kny<i>ch</i>t, of hyme haith got no wit,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Gawane remembers the day,</p>
+<p>Remembrith hyme apone the king<i>is</i> day,</p>
+<p>And to his falowis one this wys can ſay:</p>
+<p>“To ȝhow is knowin the mat<i>er</i>, in what wyß</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2508" id = "line2508">2508</a></span>
+How that the king hath w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> his e<i>n</i>nemys</p>
+<p>A c<i>er</i>tan day, that now comprochit nere,</p>
+<p>And one to ws war hewynes to here</p>
+<p>That he var in to p<i>er</i>ell or in to dreid,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2512" id = "line2512">2512</a></span>
+And we away and he of ws haith neid;</p>
+<p>For we but hyme no thing may eſchef,</p>
+<p>And he but ws in honore well may lef;</p>
+<p>For, be he loſt, we may no thing w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>ſtond,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2516" id = "line2516">2516</a></span>
+Our-ſelf, our honore we tyne, &amp; ek o<i>ur</i> lond.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and proposes to his fellows to go to help the king.</p>
+<p>Tharfor, I red we pas on to the king,</p>
+<p>Suppos our oth It hurt in to ſum thing,</p>
+<p>And in the feld w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> hyme for til endur,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2520" id = "line2520">2520</a></span>
+Of lyf or deth and tak our aduentur.”</p>
+<p>Thar-to thei ar conſentit eu<i>er</i>ilkon,</p>
+<p>And but dulay the have thar Iorney toñe.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 31 <i>b</i>.]</p>
+<p>When that the king them ſaw, in h<i>is</i> entent</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Arthur is well content at their coming,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2524" id = "line2524">2524</a></span>
+Was of thar com Right wond<i>er</i> well <i>con</i>tent;</p>
+<p>For he p<i>re</i>ſwmyt no thing that thei wold</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+not expecting them.</p>
+<p>Have cu<i>m</i>myne, but one furt<i>h</i> to y<i>er</i> ſeking
+hold.</p>
+<p>And thus the kinghis oſt aſſemblit has</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2528" id = "line2528">2528</a></span>
+Aȝane the tyme, aȝaine the day that vas</p>
+<p>Y-ſtatut and ordanit for to bee,</p>
+<p>And euery thing hath ſet in the dogre.</p>
+
+<p class = "indent">[A]nd galiot, that haith no thing forȝhet</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2532" id = "line2532">2532</a></span>
+The termys quhich that he befor had set,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Galiot also assembles his folk,</p>
+<p>Aſſemblit has, apone his best maner,</p>
+<p>His folk, and al his other thing<i>is</i> ſere,</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page75" id = "page75" href = "#notes75">75</a></span>
+
+<p>That to o weryour longith to p<i>ro</i>uid,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2536" id = "line2536">2536</a></span>
+And is y-come apone the tothir ſyde.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+doubling his army and artillery;</p>
+<p>Whar he befor was one than vas he two,</p>
+<p>And al his vthir artilȝery also</p>
+<p>He dowblith hath, that m<i>er</i>well was to ſeñ;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and pitches on the green by the river.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2540" id = "line2540">2540</a></span>
+And by the rewere ly<i>ch</i>tit one the greñ,</p>
+<p>And ſtronghar thane ony wallit toune</p>
+<p>His oſt y-bout ycloſit in Randoune.</p>
+<p>Thus war thei cu<i>m</i>myne apone ather ſyd</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Before the truce is ended,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2544" id = "line2544">2544</a></span>
+Be-for the tyme, them-ſelf for to p<i>ro</i>wid.</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+THE TRUCE ENDS.</span></p>
+
+<p>Or that the trewis was complet &amp; rwn,</p>
+<p>Men my<i>ch</i>t have ſen one euery ſid begwn</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+many combats are seen between lusty men;</p>
+<p>Many a fair and knychtly Iup<i>er</i>ty</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2548" id = "line2548">2548</a></span>
+Of luſty me<i>n</i>, and of ȝong chevalry,</p>
+<p>Diſyrus In to armys for to pruf;</p>
+<p>Sum for wynyng, ſu<i>m</i> cauſith vas for luf,</p>
+<p>Sum In to worſchip to be exaltate,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2552" id = "line2552">2552</a></span>
+Sum cauſit was of wordis he &amp; hate,</p>
+<p>That lykit not ydill for to ben;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+a hundred pair at once.</p>
+<p>A hund<i>er</i>eth pair at onis one the gren.</p>
+<p>Thir luſty folk thus can thar tyme diſpend,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2556" id = "line2556">2556</a></span>
+Whill that the trewis goith to the ende.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The truce past,</p>
+<p>The trewis paſt, the day is cu<i>m</i>myne onoñe,</p>
+<p>One euery ſyd the can them to diſpone;</p>
+<p>And thai that war moſt ſacret &amp; moſt dere</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Galiot’s friends inquire who shall fight on his side on the morrow.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2560" id = "line2560">2560</a></span>
+To galiot, at hyme the can enquere,</p>
+<p>“Who ſal aſſemble one yhour ſyd to-morñe?</p>
+<p>To-ny<i>ch</i>t the trewis to the end is worne.”</p>
+<p>He anſuerit, “As yhit one to this were</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2564" id = "line2564">2564</a></span>
+I ame awyſit I wil none armys bere,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 32 <i>a</i>.]</p>
+<p>Bot If It ſtond of more Neceſſitee;</p>
+<p>Nor to the feld will pas, bot for to ſee</p>
+<p>Yhone kny<i>ch</i>t, the which that berith ſich o fame.”</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+He commands the first-conquest king to take 30,000 men.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2568" id = "line2568">2568</a></span>
+Than clepit he the <i>con</i>quest king be name,</p>
+<p>And hyme <i>com</i>mandit xxx thouſand tak</p>
+<p>Aȝaine the morne, and for the feld hyme mak.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page76" id = "page76" href = "#notes76">76</a></span>
+
+<p>And gawane haith, apone the toy<i>er</i> syde,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2572" id = "line2572">2572</a></span>
+Conſulit his Eme he ſchuld for them p<i>ro</i>wid,</p>
+<p>And that he ſchuld none armys to hyme tak</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT58" id = "noteT58" href = "#tagT58">58</a>
+MS. “Wihill.”</p>
+
+<p>Whill<a class = "tag" name = "tagT58" id = "tagT58" href =
+"#noteT58">58</a> galiot will for the feld hyme mak.</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT59" id = "noteT59" href = "#tagT59">59</a>
+Omitted in MS.</p>
+
+<p>“I grant,” q<i>uo</i>d [he<a class = "tag" name = "tagT59" id =
+"tagT59" href = "#noteT59">59</a>], “wharfor ȝhe mone diſpone</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Gawane leads Arthur’s forces.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2576" id = "line2576">2576</a></span>
+Yhow to the feld w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> al my folk to-morne,</p>
+<p>And thinkith in yhour manhed and curage</p>
+<p>For to reciſt ȝhone folk<i>is</i> gret owtrag.”</p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The day comes.</p>
+<p class = "indent">[T]he ny<i>ch</i>t is gone, vp goith the morow
+gray,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2580" id = "line2580">2580</a></span>
+The bry<i>ch</i>t ſone ſo cherith al the day:</p>
+<p>The kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> gone to armys than, in haſt;</p>
+<p>One goith the ſcheild<i>is</i> and the helmys laſt;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Arthur’s men cross the ford.</p>
+<p>Arthuris oſt out our the furrde thai ryd.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2584" id = "line2584">2584</a></span>
+And thai agane, apone the toy<i>er</i> syd,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Galiot’s men assemble in a vale.</p>
+<p>Aſſemblit ar apone o luſty greyne,</p>
+<p>In to o waill, whar ſone thar my<i>ch</i>t be ſeyne</p>
+<p>Of kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> to-gedder many o pair</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2588" id = "line2588">2588</a></span>
+In to the feld aſſemblyng her &amp; thair,</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT60" id = "noteT60" href = "#tagT60">60</a>
+MS. has “borne.” We should read “lorne,” as in line 2092<ins class =
+"correction" title = ". invisible">.&nbsp;</ins></p>
+
+<p>And ſted<i>is</i> which that haith thar maſt<i>er</i> lorne;<a class
+= "tag" name = "tagT60" id = "tagT60" href = "#noteT60">60</a></p>
+<p>The kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> war done to the erth doune borne.</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+DEEDS OF SIR ESQUYRIS.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Sir Esquyris, a manly knight,</p>
+<p>S<i>ir</i> eſquyris, which was o manly kny<i>ch</i>t</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2592" id = "line2592">2592</a></span>
+In to hyme-ſelf, and hardy vas &amp; wy<i>ch</i>t;</p>
+<p>And in till armys gretly for to pryß,</p>
+<p>Ȝhit he was pure, he prewit wel oft-ſyß;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+at that time of Galiot’s company,</p>
+<p>And that tyme was he of the cu<i>m</i>panee</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2596" id = "line2596">2596</a></span>
+Of galiot, bot eft<i>er</i>wart was hee</p>
+<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> arthur; and that day In to the feild</p>
+<p>He come, al armyt boith w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> ſpere and ſcheld,</p>
+<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> ferß deſir, as he that had na dout,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+attacks a band,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2600" id = "line2600">2600</a></span>
+And is aſſemblit ewyne apone a rowt;</p>
+<p>His ſpere is gone, the kny<i>ch</i>t goith to the erd,</p>
+<p>And out onon he pullith haith o ſwerd;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and proves his manhood.</p>
+<p>That day In armys p<i>re</i>wit he ry<i>ch</i>t well</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2604" id = "line2604">2604</a></span>
+His ſtrenth, his manhed; arthuris folk thai fell.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page77" id = "page77" href = "#notes77">77</a></span>
+
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+DEEDS OF SIR GWYANS.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+<ins class = "correction"
+title = "text (modern) reads ‘Than’">Then</ins> Galys <ins class = "correction"
+title = "text unchanged: elsewhere ‘Gwyans’">Gwynans</ins>, brother of Ywan,</p>
+<p>Than galys <ins class = "correction"
+title = "text unchanged: elsewhere ‘gwyans’">gwynans</ins>, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> o manly hart,</p>
+<p>Which broy<i>er</i> was of ywane the baſtart,</p>
+<p>He cu<i>m</i>myne Is onone one to the ſtour</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 32 <i>b</i>.]</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2608" id = "line2608">2608</a></span>
+For <i>con</i>quering In armys of honour,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+encounters him, and horse and man go all four to earth.</p>
+<p>And cownt<i>er</i>it w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> eſquyris hath so</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT61" id = "noteT61" href = "#tagT61">61</a>
+MS. has “than.”</p>
+
+<p>That<a class = "tag" name = "tagT61" id = "tagT61" href =
+"#noteT61">61</a> horß and man, al four, to erth thai go;</p>
+<p>And ſtill o quhill lying at the ground.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2612" id = "line2612">2612</a></span>
+W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> that o p<i>ar</i>t of arthur<i>is</i> folk thei
+found</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Arthur’s folk rescue Gwyans;</p>
+<p>Till gwyans, and haith hyme ſone reſkewit.</p>
+<p>Aȝanis them til eſquyris thei ſewyt</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+thirty knights of Galiot’s arrive, and rescue Esquyris.</p>
+<p>Of galiot<i>is</i> well xxx<sup>ti</sup> kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> &amp;
+mo;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2616" id = "line2616">2616</a></span>
+Gwyans goith done, and vthir vij alſo,</p>
+<p>The wich war tone &amp; eſqwyris relewit.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Next Ywan comes to the <i>mêlée</i>.</p>
+<p>Than ywane the anterus, aggrewit,</p>
+<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> kyn<i>n</i>iſme<i>n</i> one to the melle
+ſo<i>ch</i>t.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2620" id = "line2620">2620</a></span>
+The hardy kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i>, that one thar worſchip
+tho<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p>Cownt<i>er</i>it them In myddis of the ſcheld,</p>
+<p>Whar many o kny<i>ch</i>t was born doñ i<i>n</i> the feld;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Galiot’s men give way.</p>
+<p>Bot thei wich ware on galiot<i>is</i> p<i>ar</i>t,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2624" id = "line2624">2624</a></span>
+So wnd<i>er</i>takand nor of ſo hardy hart</p>
+<p>Ne ware thei not as was i<i>n</i> ye <i>con</i>trare.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Gwyans is again rescued.</p>
+<p>S<i>ir</i> galys gwyans was reſqwyt thare</p>
+<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> his falowis, and eſqwyris don bore.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2628" id = "line2628">2628</a></span>
+Thar al the batell<i>is</i> cam, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>outen more,</p>
+<p>On ather p<i>ar</i>t, and is aſſemblit ſo</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+50,000 men are assembled.</p>
+<p>Whar fyfty thouſand war thei, &amp; no mo.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+30,000 on Galiot’s side approach the river,</p>
+<p>In o plane beſyd the gret Riwere</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2632" id = "line2632">2632</a></span>
+Xxx thouſand one galiot<i>is</i> half thei vare;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and 10,000 on Arthur’s.</p>
+<p>Of arthuris x thouſand and no mo</p>
+<p>Thei ware, and ȝhit thai <i>con</i>tenit them ſo</p>
+<p>And in the feld ſo manly haith borñ,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2636" id = "line2636">2636</a></span>
+That of thar fois haith the feld forſworñ.</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+SIR GAWANE’S INTREPIDITY.</span></p>
+
+<p>The <i>con</i>queſt king, wich the p<i>er</i>ell knowith,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Gawane puts the conquest-king to flight.</p>
+<p>Ful manly one to the feld he drowith;</p>
+<p>The lord ſ<i>ir</i> gawan, cou<i>er</i>it w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>
+h<i>is</i> ſcheld,</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page78" id = "page78" href = "#notes78">78</a></span>
+
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2640" id = "line2640">2640</a></span>
+He ruſchit in myddis of the feld,</p>
+<p>And haith them ſo in to his com aſſayt,</p>
+<p>That of his manhed ware thei al affrait;</p>
+<p>No lang<i>er</i> my<i>ch</i>t thei <i>con</i>trar hyme endur,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2644" id = "line2644">2644</a></span>
+Bot fled, and goith one to diſcu<i>m</i>fiture.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Galiot, full of anger and grief, sends out a new band.</p>
+<p>And galiot, wich haith the diſc<i>um</i>fit ſen,</p>
+<p>Fulfillit ful of ang<i>er</i> and of ten,</p>
+<p>In<i>con</i>tine<i>n</i>t he ſend o new poware,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2648" id = "line2648">2648</a></span>
+Whar-w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> the feld<i>is</i> al our-cou<i>er</i>it ware</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 33 <i>a</i>.]</p>
+<p>Of armyt ſted<i>is</i> bot<i>h</i> in plait and maill,</p>
+<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> wich war reddy to
+aſſaill.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Gawane draws his men together, and shews them comfortable words.</p>
+<p>S<i>ir</i> gawan, ſeing al the gret ſuppris</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2652" id = "line2652">2652</a></span>
+Of fois cu<i>m</i>myng In to ſich o wys,</p>
+<p>Togiddir al his cumpany he drew,</p>
+<p>And confortable word<i>is</i> to them ſchew;</p>
+<p>So at the cu<i>m</i>myng of thar ennemys</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+They receive the foe in manly wise.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2656" id = "line2656">2656</a></span>
+Thei them reſauf, in ſo manly wyß,</p>
+<p>That many one felith deithis wound,</p>
+<p>And wnd<i>er</i> horß lyith ſobing one the ground.</p>
+<p>This vther cu<i>m</i>myth in to gret deſir,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2660" id = "line2660">2660</a></span>
+Fulfillit ful of matelent and Ire,</p>
+<p>So freſchly, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> ſo gret o confluens,</p>
+<p>Thar ſtrong aſſay hath don ſich vyolens,</p>
+<p>And at thar come arthuris folk ſo led,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2664" id = "line2664">2664</a></span>
+That thai war ay abayſit and adred.</p>
+<p>Bot gawan, wich that, by this vorld<i>is</i> fame,</p>
+<p>Of ma<i>n</i>hed and of kny<i>ch</i>thed bur the name,</p>
+<p>Haith p<i>re</i>wit [hym] well be exp<i>er</i>iens;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2668" id = "line2668">2668</a></span>
+For only In til armys his defens</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Gawane encourages his fellows,</p>
+<p>Haith maid his falowis tak ſich hardyme<i>n</i>t,</p>
+<p>That manfully thei biding one the bent.</p>
+<p>Of his manhed war m<i>er</i>well to raherß;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2672" id = "line2672">2672</a></span>
+The kny<i>ch</i>tis throw the ſcheld<i>is</i> can he perß,</p>
+<p>That many one thar dethis haith reſauit;</p>
+<p>None armour frome his my<i>ch</i>ty hond them ſauit,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+though their foes are three to one;</p>
+<p>Ȝhit ay for one ther ennemys wor thre.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page79" id = "page79" href = "#notes79">79</a></span>
+
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2676" id = "line2676">2676</a></span>
+Long my<i>ch</i>t thei no<i>ch</i>t endur in ſuch dugree;</p>
+<p>The preß it wos ſo creuell &amp; ſo ſtrong,</p>
+<p>In gret anoy and haith <i>con</i>tinewit longe,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+yet his men are forced to retreat to their tents.</p>
+<p>That, magre them, thei ned<i>is</i> moſt abak</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2680" id = "line2680">2680</a></span>
+The way one to thar lug<i>is</i> for to tak.</p>
+<p>S<i>ir</i> gawan thar ſufferith gret myſchef,</p>
+<p>And wond<i>er</i>is in his kny<i>ch</i>thed can he pref;</p>
+<p>His falouſchip haith m<i>er</i>well that hym ſaw,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2684" id = "line2684">2684</a></span>
+So haith his fois that of his ſuerd ſtud aw.</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+SIR YWAN RESCUES GAWANE.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Arthur beholds the peril of the field, and sends Sir Ywan to help
+them,</p>
+<p>King arthur, that al this whill beheld</p>
+<p>The dang<i>er</i> and the p<i>er</i>ell of the feld,</p>
+<p>S<i>ir</i> ywan w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> o falowſchip he ſende,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2688" id = "line2688">2688</a></span>
+Them In that ned to help &amp; to defend,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 33 <i>b</i>.]</p>
+<p>Qwich fond them In to danger and in were,</p>
+<p>And ent<i>er</i>it nere In to thar tentis were.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+who finds Sir Gawane fighting on foot with only his sword.</p>
+<p>S<i>ir</i> gawan fechtand was one fut At erde,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2692" id = "line2692">2692</a></span>
+And no defend, but only in his ſwerde,</p>
+<p>Aȝanis them bot<i>h</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> ſpere and ſcheld.</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT62" id = "noteT62" href = "#tagT62">62</a>
+Read “felde”?</p>
+
+<p>Of galowa the kny<i>ch</i>t goith to the erde.<a class = "tag" name =
+"tagT62" id = "tagT62" href = "#noteT62">62</a></p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The battle was furious and wood.</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT63" id = "noteT63" href = "#tagT63">63</a>
+MS. “woid,” but the “<i>i</i>” is undotted, and is therefore perhaps
+meant for the first stroke of a “<i>u</i>.”</p>
+
+<p>Thar was the batell furyous and woud<a class = "tag" name = "tagT63"
+id = "tagT63" href = "#noteT63">63</a></p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2696" id = "line2696">2696</a></span>
+Of armyt kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i>; to the grownde thai ȝhud.</p>
+<p>S<i>ir</i> ywane, that was a noble knyght,</p>
+<p>He ſchew his ſtrenth, he ſchew thar h<i>is</i> g<i>r</i>et
+my<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p>In al his tyme that neu<i>er</i> of before</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2700" id = "line2700">2700</a></span>
+Off armys, nore of kny<i>ch</i>thed, did he more:</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Sir Ywan rescues Sir Gawane,</p>
+<p>S<i>ir</i> gawan thar reſkewit he of fors,</p>
+<p>Magre his fois, and haith hyme ſet one horß</p>
+<p>That frome the firſt <i>con</i>queſt king he wañ;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+who was so evilly wounded, that he was the worse thereof evermore.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2704" id = "line2704">2704</a></span>
+Bot ſ<i>ir</i> gawan ſo ewill was wondit than,</p>
+<p>And in the feld ſupp<i>ri</i>ſit was ſo ſore,</p>
+<p>That he the werß thar-of was eu<i>er</i>more.</p>
+<p>Thar ſchew the lord ſ<i>ir</i> ywan h<i>is</i> curage,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2708" id = "line2708">2708</a></span>
+His manhed, &amp; h<i>is</i> noble waſſolage;</p>
+<p>And gawan, in his doing, wald no<i>ch</i>t irk;</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page80" id = "page80" href = "#notes80">80</a></span>
+
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+END OF THE FIRST DAY’S BATTLE.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Darkness parts the combatants.</p>
+<p>So al the day enduring to the dyrk</p>
+<p>Sal them, magre of thar deſyre, <i>con</i>ſt<i>r</i>en</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2712" id = "line2712">2712</a></span>
+On ayar half fore [to] dep<i>ar</i>t in twen.</p>
+<p>And when that gawan of his horß vas toñ,</p>
+<p>The blud out of his noiß &amp; mouth is goñ,</p>
+<p>And largly ſo paſſith euery wounde,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Sir Gawane swoons,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2716" id = "line2716">2716</a></span>
+In ſwonyng thore he fell one to the ground:</p>
+<p>Than of the puple petee was to here</p>
+<p>The lemytable clamour, and the chere;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+so that the king despairs of his “niece’s” life, and laments over
+him.</p>
+<p>And of the king the ſorow and the care,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2720" id = "line2720">2720</a></span>
+That of his nec<i>is</i> lyf was in diſſpare.</p>
+<p>“Far well,” he ſais, “my gladnes, &amp; my delyt,</p>
+<p>Apone kny<i>ch</i>thed far well myne appetit,</p>
+<p>Fare well of manhed al the g<i>r</i>et curage,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2724" id = "line2724">2724</a></span>
+Yow flour of armys and of vaſſolage,</p>
+<p>Gif yow be loſt!”&mdash;thus til his tent hyme bro<i>ch</i>t</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The surgeons are sought,</p>
+<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> wofull hart, and al the ſurryȝenis ſocht,</p>
+<p>Wich for to cum was reddy at his neid;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2728" id = "line2728">2728</a></span>
+Thai fond the lord was of his lyf i<i>n</i> dreid,</p>
+<p>For wondit was he, and ek wondit ſo,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+who found he had two broken ribs, but no mortal wound.</p>
+<p>And in his ſyd ware brokyne Ribys two.</p>
+<p>Bot no<i>ch</i>t for-thi the king thai maid beleif</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 34 <i>a</i>.]</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2732" id = "line2732">2732</a></span>
+That at that tyme he ſhuld the deith eſchef.</p>
+
+<p class = "indent">[O]ff melyhalt the ladyis kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i>
+were</p>
+<p>In to the feld, and can thir tithing<i>is</i> here,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The lady of Melyhalt’s knights tell her how the battle went,</p>
+<p>And home to thar lady ar thai went,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2736" id = "line2736">2736</a></span>
+Til hir to ſchewing eft<i>er</i> thar entent,</p>
+<p>In euery poynt, how that the batell ſtud</p>
+<p>Of galiot, and of his multitud;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and how Gawane bare him in the field, and of his wounds.</p>
+<p>And how gawan hyme in the feld hath borñ,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2740" id = "line2740">2740</a></span>
+Throw quhoys ſwerd ſo many o kny<i>ch</i>t vas lorñ,</p>
+<p>And of the kny<i>ch</i>tly wond<i>er</i>is that he wro<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p>Syne how that he one to his tent vas bro<i>ch</i>t.</p>
+<p>The lady hard, that lowit gawan so,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+She weeps for him.</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT64" id = "noteT64" href = "#tagT64">64</a>
+MS. “in in”; but “in to” is clearly meant.</p>
+
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2744" id = "line2744">2744</a></span>
+She gan to wep, in to<a class = "tag" name = "tagT64" id = "tagT64" href
+= "#noteT64">64</a> hir hart vas wo.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page81" id = "page81" href = "#notes81">81</a></span>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Lancelot requests to see the lady;</p>
+<p>Thir tythyng<i>is</i> one to lancelot ar goñ,</p>
+<p>Whar-of that he was wond<i>er</i> wo-bygone,</p>
+<p>And for the lady haſtely he sent,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2748" id = "line2748">2748</a></span>
+And ſche til hyme, at his co<i>m</i>mand, Is went:</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and inquires if Gawane is really likely to die.</p>
+<p>He ſaluſt hir, and ſaid, “madem, Is trew</p>
+<p>Thir tithing<i>is</i> I her report of new</p>
+<p>Of the aſſemble, and meting of the oſt,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2752" id = "line2752">2752</a></span>
+And of ſ<i>ir</i> gawan, wich that ſhuld be loſt?</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+LANCELOT’S LAMENT FOR GAWANE.</span></p>
+
+<p>If that be ſwth, adew the flour of armys,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+He laments over him,</p>
+<p>Now neu<i>er</i>more recou<i>er</i>yt be the harmys!</p>
+<p>In hyme was manhed, curteſſy, and trouth,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2756" id = "line2756">2756</a></span>
+Beſy trawell In kny<i>ch</i>thed, ay but ſleuth,</p>
+<p>Humilyte, [and] gentrice, and cwrag;</p>
+<p>In hyme thar was no man<i>er</i> of outrage.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+first apostrophizing himself,</p>
+<p>Allace! kny<i>ch</i>t, allace! what ſhal yow ſay?</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2760" id = "line2760">2760</a></span>
+Yow may complen, yow may bewail the day</p>
+<p>As of his deith, and gladſchip aucht to ſes,</p>
+<p>Baith menſtraſy and feſting at the des;</p>
+<p>For of this lond he was the holl comfort,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2764" id = "line2764">2764</a></span>
+In tyme of ned al kny<i>ch</i>thed to ſupport!</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and next blaming the lady for not having allowed him to be present in
+the battle.</p>
+<p>Allace! madem, and I durſt ſay at ȝhe</p>
+<p>Al yhour beheſt not kepit haith to me,</p>
+<p>Whar-of that I was in to full belef</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2768" id = "line2768">2768</a></span>
+Aȝañe this day that I ſchuld have my lef,</p>
+<p>And no<i>ch</i>t as cowart thus ſchamfully to ly</p>
+<p>Excludit in to cage frome chewalry,</p>
+<p>Whar othir kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> anarmyt on thar ſtedis</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2772" id = "line2772">2772</a></span>
+Hawnt<i>is</i> ther ȝhouthhed in to kny<i>ch</i>tly dedis.”</p>
+<p>“S<i>ir</i>,” q<i>uo</i>d ſche, “I red yhow not diſpleß,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 34 <i>b</i>.]</p>
+<p>Ȝhe may In tyme her-eft<i>er</i> cum at es;</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+LANCELOT PREPARES FOR BATTLE.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+She promises he shall go to the next battle,</p>
+<p>For the thrid day Is ordanit, &amp; ſhal be</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2776" id = "line2776">2776</a></span>
+Of the oſt<i>is</i> a new aſſemble,</p>
+<p>And I have gart ordan al the gere</p>
+<p>That longith to ȝour body for to were,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+saying that his sable armour is ready.</p>
+<p>Boith horß and armour<!-- flyspeck --> In the ſamyne wyß</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2780" id = "line2780">2780</a></span>
+Of ſable, ewyne aftir ȝhour awn dewyß;</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page82" id = "page82" href = "#notes82">82</a></span>
+
+<p>And yhe ſal her remayne one to the day;</p>
+<p>Syne may ȝhe paß, fore well ȝhe knaw the way.”</p>
+<p>“I will obey, madem, to yhour entent.”</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2784" id = "line2784">2784</a></span>
+W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> that ſche goith, and to hir reſt is went:</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+In the morn she takes her leave, to go to the court.</p>
+<p>One the morn arly vp ſche roß</p>
+<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>out delay, and to the kny<i>ch</i>t ſche gois,</p>
+<p>And twk hir lef, and ſaid that ſcho vald fare</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2788" id = "line2788">2788</a></span>
+On to the court, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-outen any mare.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+He kneels, and thanks her often.</p>
+<p>Than knelit he, and thankit hir oft-ſys,</p>
+<p>That ſche ſo mych hath done hyme of ge<i>n</i>triß,</p>
+<p>And hir byhecht eu<i>er</i>, at his myght,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2792" id = "line2792">2792</a></span>
+To be hir awn trew &amp; ſtedfaſt kny<i>ch</i>t.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+She goes unto the king,</p>
+<p>Sche thonkith hyme, and ſyne ſche goith h<i>er</i> way</p>
+<p>On to the king, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-owten more delay,</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT65" id = "noteT65" href = "#tagT65">65</a>
+MS. “w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>;” which is crossed out, and “i<i>n</i>” inserted
+above, rather minutely written.</p>
+
+<p>Whar that i<i>n</i><a class = "tag" name = "tagT65" id = "tagT65"
+href = "#noteT65">65</a> honour w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> king &amp; qwen ſche
+ſall</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2796" id = "line2796">2796</a></span>
+Ry<i>ch</i>t thonkfully reſauit be w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-all.</p>
+<p>Eft to ſ<i>ir</i> gawan thai hir led, &amp; ſche</p>
+<p>Ryght gladly hyme deſyrit for to ſee,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and finds Sir Gawane quite different from what had been told her.</p>
+<p>And ſche hyme fond, and ſche was glad tharfore,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2800" id = "line2800">2800</a></span>
+All vthir ways than was hir told before.</p>
+<p>The kny<i>ch</i>t, the wich in to hir keping vas,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The lady’s cousin cherishes Lancelot in her best manner.</p>
+<p>Sche had <i>com</i>mandit to hir cuſſynece,</p>
+<p>Wich cheriſt hyme apone hir beſt manere,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2804" id = "line2804">2804</a></span>
+And comfort hyme, and maid hy<i>m</i> ry<i>ch</i>t gud chere.</p>
+
+<p class = "indent">[T]he days goith, ſo paſſith als the
+ny<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The third day, the maiden goes to his chamber, and fastens on his
+armour.</p>
+<p>The thrid morow, as that the ſone vas ly<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p>The kny<i>ch</i>t onon out of his bed aroß,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2808" id = "line2808">2808</a></span>
+The maden ſone one to his chalm<i>er</i> goß,</p>
+<p>And ſacretly his armour one hyme ſpent.</p>
+<p>He tuk his lef, and ſyne his way he went</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+He goes to the same green, beside the river, as before.</p>
+<p>Ful prewaly, ry<i>ch</i>t to the ſamyne greñ</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2812" id = "line2812">2812</a></span>
+One the rewere, whar he befor had ben,</p>
+<p>Ewyne as the day [he] the first courß hath maad.</p>
+<p>Alone ry<i>ch</i>t thar he howit, and abaade,</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page83" id = "page83" href = "#notes83">83</a></span>
+
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 35 <i>a</i>.]</p>
+<p>Behalding to the bertes, whar the qweñ</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+He abides there alone, looking towards the parapet where he saw the
+queen.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2816" id = "line2816">2816</a></span>
+Befor at the aſſemble he had señ</p>
+<p>Ry<i>ch</i>t ſo the ſone ſchewith furt<i>h</i> his ly<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p>And to his armour went is euery wy<i>ch</i>t;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The jousting begins.</p>
+<p>One athir half the Iusting is bygon,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2820" id = "line2820">2820</a></span>
+And many o fair and knych[t]ly courß is rown.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The black knight still halts on his steed.</p>
+<p>The blak kny<i>ch</i>t ȝhit howyns on his ſted,</p>
+<p>Of al thar doing takith he no hed,</p>
+<p>Bot ay, apone the beſynes of tho<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2824" id = "line2824">2824</a></span>
+In beholding his ey dep<i>ar</i>tit no<i>ch</i>t.</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+THE QUEEN BEHOLDS THE BLACK KNIGHT.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The lady beholds him and knows him; but yet inquires who he is,</p>
+<p>To quhom the lady of melyhalt beheld,</p>
+<p>And knew hyme by h<i>is</i> armour &amp; h<i>is</i> ſcheld,</p>
+<p>Qwhat that he was; and thus ſche ſaid one hy<i>ch</i>t:</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2828" id = "line2828">2828</a></span>
+“Who is he ȝone? who may he be, ȝhone kny<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p>So ſtill that hovith and ſterith not his Ren,</p>
+<p>And ſeith the kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> rynyng one the greñ?”</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+thus calling the attention of Gawane,</p>
+<p>Than al beholdith, and in princypale</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2832" id = "line2832">2832</a></span>
+S<i>ir</i> gawan beholdith moſt of all;</p>
+<p>Of melyha[l]t the lady to hyme maid</p>
+<p>In<i>con</i>tine<i>n</i>t, his couche and gart be had</p>
+<p>Be-fore o wyndew thore, as he my<i>ch</i>t se</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2836" id = "line2836">2836</a></span>
+The kny<i>ch</i>t, the oſt, and al the aſſemble.</p>
+<p>He lukith furt<i>h</i>, and ſone the kny<i>ch</i>t hath ſen,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+who saith to the queen:</p>
+<p>And, but delay, he ſaith one to the qwen,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+“Madam, remember that the red knight halted where yon knight halts.”</p>
+<p>“Madem, if ȝhe remembir, ſo it was</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2840" id = "line2840">2840</a></span>
+The red kny<i>ch</i>t in to the ſamyne place</p>
+<p>That wencuſt al [at] the first aſſemble;</p>
+<p>Whar that ȝone kny<i>ch</i>t howis, howit hee.”</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+“Why do you inquire?” she replies.</p>
+<p>“Ȝha,” q<i>uod</i> the qwen, “ry<i>ch</i>t well remembir I;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2844" id = "line2844">2844</a></span>
+Qwhat is the cauß at ȝhe inquere, &amp; quhy?”</p>
+<p>“Madem, of [al] this larg warld is he</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+“He is the knight, madam, whom I most desire to see.”</p>
+<p>The kny<i>ch</i>t the wich I most deſir to ſee</p>
+<p>His ſtrenth, his ma<i>n</i>hed, his curag, and h<i>is</i>
+my<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2848" id = "line2848">2848</a></span>
+Or do in armys that longith to o kny<i>ch</i>t.”</p>
+
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+THE ORDER OF BATTLE.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "indent">[B]y thus, arthur, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> conſell well
+awyſit,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Arthur arranges his lines of battle.</p>
+<p>Haith ordanit his batell<i>is</i>, and devyſit:</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page84" id = "page84" href = "#notes84">84</a></span>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+King Ydrus leads the first;</p>
+<p>The firſt of them led ydrus king, &amp; he</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2852" id = "line2852">2852</a></span>
+O worthy man vas ne<i>m</i>myt for to bee.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Harwy the Reweyll, an aged knight, the second.</p>
+<p>The ſecund led harwy the Reweyll,</p>
+<p>That in this world was kny<i>ch</i>t that had moſt feill</p>
+<p>For to p<i>ro</i>wid that longith to the were,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2856" id = "line2856">2856</a></span>
+One agit kny<i>ch</i>t, and well couth armys bere.</p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 35 <i>b</i>.]</p>
+<p class = "indent">[T]he thrid feld [he] deliu<i>er</i>it in the
+hond</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+King Angus, a cousin of Arthur, leads the third.</p>
+<p>Of ang<i>us</i>, king of ylys of ſcotlande,</p>
+<p>Wich cuſing was one to king arthur nere,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2860" id = "line2860">2860</a></span>
+One hardy kny<i>ch</i>t he was, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>outen were.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+King Ywons the fourth.</p>
+<p>The ferd batell led ywons the king,</p>
+<p>O manly kny<i>ch</i>t he was In to al thing.</p>
+<p>And thus dewyſit ware his batell<i>is</i> ſere,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+In every company are 15,000.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2864" id = "line2864">2864</a></span>
+In euery feld xv thouſand were.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT66" id = "noteT66" href = "#tagT66">66</a>
+MS. “firſt.” See <a href = "#line2868">l.&nbsp;2870</a>.</p>
+
+<p class = "indent">[T]he fift<a class = "tag" name = "tagT66" id =
+"tagT66" href = "#noteT66">66</a> batell the lord ſ<i>ir</i> ywan
+lede,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The lord Sir Ywan leads the rearguard.</p>
+<p>Whois ma<i>n</i>hed was i<i>n</i> euery cu<i>n</i>tre dred,</p>
+<p>Sone he was one to wryne the kyng,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2868" id = "line2868">2868</a></span>
+Forwart, ſtout, hardy, wyß, and ȝhing;</p>
+<p>Xx thouſand in his oſt thai paſt,</p>
+<p>Wich ordanit was for to aſſemble laſt.</p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Galiot’s armies.</p>
+<p class = "indent">[A]nd galiot, apone the tothir ſyde,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2872" id = "line2872">2872</a></span>
+Ry<i>ch</i>t wyſly gan h<i>is</i> batell<i>is</i> to dewid.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Malenginys leads the first line;</p>
+<p>The firſt of them led malenginys the king,</p>
+<p>None hardyar In to this erth lewyng;</p>
+<p>He neu<i>er</i> more out of his cuntre Raid,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2876" id = "line2876">2876</a></span>
+Nor he w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> hyme one hund<i>er</i>eth
+kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> hade.</p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+the first-conquest king the second; Walydeyne the third;</p>
+<p class = "indent">[T]he ſecund the first-conqueſt king led,</p>
+<p>That for no p<i>er</i>ell of armys vas adred;</p>
+<p>The thrid, o king clepit walydeyne,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2880" id = "line2880">2880</a></span>
+He led, and was o manly kny<i>ch</i>t, but weyne.</p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Clamedeus the fourth;</p>
+<p class = "indent">[T]he ferd, king clamede<i>us</i> has,</p>
+<p>Wich that lord of far ylys was.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and King Brandymagus the fifth.</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT67" id = "noteT67" href = "#tagT67">67</a>
+MS. “firſt.”</p>
+
+<p>The fift<a class = "tag" name = "tagT67" id = "tagT67" href =
+"#noteT67">67</a> batell, whar xl thouſand were,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2884" id = "line2884">2884</a></span>
+King brandymag<i>us</i> had to led and ſtere,</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page85" id = "page85" href = "#notes85">85</a></span>
+
+<p>O manly kny<i>ch</i>t, and prewit well oft-ſyß,</p>
+<p>And in his conſell wond<i>er</i> ſcharp &amp; wyß.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Galiot bore no arms;</p>
+<p>Galiot non armys bur that day,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2888" id = "line2888">2888</a></span>
+Nor as o kny<i>ch</i>t he wald hyme-ſelf aray,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+but was arrayed as a servant in a habergeon with a “prekyne” hat, and a
+truncheon in his hand.</p>
+<p>But as o ſ<i>er</i>uand in o habariowne,</p>
+<p>O prekyne hat, and ek o gret trownſciowñ</p>
+<p>In til his hond, and one o curſour ſet,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2892" id = "line2892">2892</a></span>
+The beſt that was in ony lond to get.</p>
+<p>Endlong the rewar men my<i>ch</i>t behold &amp; ſee,</p>
+<p>Of kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> weryne mony one aſſemble;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The black knight still remains looking towards the parapet.</p>
+<p>And the blak kny<i>ch</i>t ſtill he couth abyde,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2896" id = "line2896">2896</a></span>
+W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>out remowyng, one the Riwer ſyde,</p>
+<p>Bot to the bartes to behold and ſee</p>
+<p>Thar as his hart deſyrit moſt to bee:</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+THE FIRST MESSAGE TO THE BLACK KNIGHT.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The lady says to the queen&mdash;</p>
+<p>And quhen the lady of melyhalt haith ſeñ</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 36 <i>a</i>.]</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2900" id = "line2900">2900</a></span>
+The kny<i>ch</i>t ſo ſtond, ſche ſaid one to the qweñ,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+“Madam, pray commend yourself to yon knight.”</p>
+<p>“Madem, It is my conſell at ȝhe send</p>
+<p>One to ȝone kny<i>ch</i>t, ȝour-ſelf for to <i>com</i>mend,</p>
+<p>Beſeiching hyme that he wald wnd<i>er</i>tak</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2904" id = "line2904">2904</a></span>
+This day to do of armys, for ȝour ſak.”</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The queen replies</p>
+<p>The quen anſuerit as that hir lykit no<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p>For othir thing was more In to hir tho<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p>“For well ȝhe ſe the p<i>er</i>ell how disio[i]nt,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2908" id = "line2908">2908</a></span>
+The adwentur now ſtondith one the point</p>
+<p>Boith of my lord his honore, and h<i>is</i> lond,</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT68" id = "noteT68" href = "#tagT68">68</a>
+Stevenson reads “the”; but “the” is crossed out, and “i<i>n</i>” written
+over it.</p>
+
+<p>And of his men, i<i>n</i><a class = "tag" name = "tagT68" id =
+"tagT68" href = "#noteT68">68</a> dang<i>er</i> how thai ſtond:</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+that the lady and the rest may send a message, but that she will not
+herself take part in it.</p>
+<p>Bot ȝhe, and ek thir vthere ladice may,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2912" id = "line2912">2912</a></span>
+If that yhow lykith, to the kny<i>ch</i>t gar ſay</p>
+<p>The meſag; is none that wil yhow let,</p>
+<p>For I tharof ſal no<i>ch</i>t me ent<i>er</i>met.”</p>
+<p>On to the quen ſcho ſaith, “her I,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2916" id = "line2916">2916</a></span>
+If ſo it pleß thir vthir ladice by,</p>
+<p>Am for to ſend one to the kny<i>ch</i>t <i>con</i>tent;”</p>
+<p>And al the ladice can thar-to aſſent,</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page86" id = "page86" href = "#notes86">86</a></span>
+
+<p>Beſeching hir the meſag to dewyß,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2920" id = "line2920">2920</a></span>
+As ſche that was moſt prudent &amp; moſt wyß.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The lady sends a discreet maiden,</p>
+<p>Sche grantit, and o madeñ haith thai tone,</p>
+<p>Diſcret, apone this meſag for till gone;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and Sir Gawane a squire, with two spears,</p>
+<p>And ſ<i>ir</i> gawan a ſqwyar bad alſo,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2924" id = "line2924">2924</a></span>
+W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> two ſperis one to the kny<i>ch</i>t to go.</p>
+<p>The lady than, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>outen more dulay,</p>
+<p>Haith chargit hir apone this wyß to ſay:</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+to say that all the ladies, the queen alone excepted, commend them to
+the black knight,</p>
+<p>“Schaw to the kny<i>ch</i>t, the ladice eu<i>er</i>-ilkone</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2928" id = "line2928">2928</a></span>
+Ben In the court, excep the quen allon,</p>
+<p>Til hyme them haith reco<i>m</i>mandit oft-ſyß,</p>
+<p>Beſeching hyme of kny<i>ch</i>thed and gentriß,</p>
+<p>(Or if It hapyne eu<i>er</i>more that he ſhall</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2932" id = "line2932">2932</a></span>
+Cum, quhar thai may, owther an or all,</p>
+<p>In ony thing awail hyme or ſupport,</p>
+<p>Or do hyme ony pleſans or comfort,)</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and pray him to essay some deed of arms.</p>
+<p>He wold wichſaif for loue of them this day</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2936" id = "line2936">2936</a></span>
+In armys ſum manhed to aſſay;</p>
+<p>And ſay, ſ<i>ir</i> gawan hyme the ſper<i>is</i> ſent;</p>
+<p>Now go, this is the fek of our entent.”</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The damsel and squire</p>
+<p>The damyſell ſche hath hir palfray tone,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2940" id = "line2940">2940</a></span>
+The sqwyar w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> the ſperis w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> hir goñ;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 36 <i>b</i>.]</p>
+<p>The n<i>er</i>eſt way thai paß one to ye kny<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+repeat the message.</p>
+<p>Whar ſche repete hir meſag haith ful ry<i>ch</i>t:</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+SIR LANCELOT IS NOT CONTENT.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Sir Lancelot, finding the queen not in the message,</p>
+<p>And quhen he hard, and planly wnd<i>er</i>ſtude,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2944" id = "line2944">2944</a></span>
+How that the quen not in the meſag ȝude,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+was not content,</p>
+<p>He ſpak no word, bot he was not <i>con</i>tent;</p>
+<p>Bot, of ſ<i>ir</i> gawan, glaid in his entent,</p>
+<p>He aſkit quhar he was, and of h<i>is</i> fair?</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2948" id = "line2948">2948</a></span>
+And thai to hyme the man<i>er</i> can duclair;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+but asks the squire to hold the two spears ready for him.</p>
+<p>Than the ſqwyar he prayth that he wold</p>
+<p>Paß to the feld, the ſperis for to hold.</p>
+<p>He ſaw the kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> ſemblyng her and thare,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2952" id = "line2952">2952</a></span>
+The ſtedis Rynyng w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> the ſadill<i>is</i> bare;</p>
+<p>His ſpuris goith in to the ſtedis syde,</p>
+<p>That was ful ſwyft, and lykit not to byd;</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page87" id = "page87" href = "#notes87">87</a></span>
+
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+HE USES UP SIR GAWANE’S TWO SPEARS.</span></p>
+
+<p>And he that was hardy, ferß, and ſtout,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+He attacks a company of a hundred knights, slays the nearest,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2956" id = "line2956">2956</a></span>
+Furth by o ſyd aſſemblyng on a rout</p>
+<p>Whar that one hund<i>er</i>eth kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> was, &amp;
+mo;</p>
+<p>And w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> the firſt has Recount<i>er</i>it so,</p>
+<p>That frome the deth not helpith hy<i>m</i> h<i>is</i> ſcheld,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2960" id = "line2960">2960</a></span>
+Boith horß and man is lying in the feld;</p>
+<p>The ſpere is gone, and al in pecis brak,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and with the stump of his spear bereaves two or three of their
+saddles.</p>
+<p>And he the trunſcyoune in h<i>is</i> hand hath tak</p>
+<p>That two or thre he haith the ſadill<i>is</i> reft,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2964" id = "line2964">2964</a></span>
+Whill in his hond ſchortly no thing is left.</p>
+<p>Syne, to the ſquyar, of the feld is goñ,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+He takes a new spear from the squire, and overthrows three knights.</p>
+<p>Fro hyme o ſpere In to his hond haith ton,</p>
+<p>And to the feld returnyt he aȝayne:</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2968" id = "line2968">2968</a></span>
+The firſt he met, he goith one the plan,</p>
+<p>And ek the next, and ſyne the thrid alſo;</p>
+<p>Nor in his hond, nore in his ſtrak was ho.</p>
+<p>His e<i>n</i>nemys that veryng In affray</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2972" id = "line2972">2972</a></span>
+Befor his ſtrok, and makith rovm alway;</p>
+<p>And in ſich wyß ay in the feld he vro<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p>Whill that his ſperis gon var al to no<i>cht</i>;</p>
+<p>Whar-of ſ<i>ir</i> gawan berith vitneſing</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2976" id = "line2976">2976</a></span>
+Throw al this world that thar vas non levyng,</p>
+<p>In ſo ſchort tyme ſo mych of armys wro<i>ch</i>t.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+His spears gone, he returns to his first position.</p>
+<p>His ſperis gone, out of the feld he ſo<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p>And paſſit is one to the Rewere syde,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2980" id = "line2980">2980</a></span>
+Ry<i>ch</i>t thore as he was wont for to abyde;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 37 <i>a</i>.]</p>
+<p>And ſo beholdyne In the ſamyne plañ,</p>
+<p>As to the feld hyme lykit no<i>ch</i>t aȝañ.</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+THE SECOND MESSAGE TO THE BLACK KNIGHT.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Sir Gawane says to the queen:</p>
+<p>Sir gawan ſaw, and ſaith on to the quen,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+“Madam, yon knight thinks himself despised, because you so specially
+excepted yourself in the message;</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT69" id = "noteT69" href = "#tagT69">69</a>
+“not” seems required.</p>
+
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2984" id = "line2984">2984</a></span>
+“Madem, yhone knycht diſponit [not],<a class = "tag" name = "tagT69" id
+= "tagT69" href = "#noteT69">69</a> I weyñ,</p>
+<p>To help ws more, fore he ſo is awyſit;</p>
+<p>As I p<i>re</i>ſume, he thinkith hyme diſpiſit</p>
+<p>Of the meſag that we gart to hyme mak;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2988" id = "line2988">2988</a></span>
+Yhowre-ſelf yhe have ſo ſpecialy out-tak,</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page88" id = "page88" href = "#notes88">88</a></span>
+
+<p>He thinkith ewill contempnit for to bee,</p>
+<p>Conſid<i>er</i>ing how that the neceſſitee</p>
+<p>Moſt prinſpally to yhowr ſupporting lyis.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2992" id = "line2992">2992</a></span>
+Tharfor my conſell is, yhow to dewyß,</p>
+<p>And ek ȝhowre-ſelf i<i>n</i> yhowr t<i>r</i>eſpas accuß,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+ask him mercy, therefore, and excuse your guilt.</p>
+<p>And aſk hyme mercy, and yhour gilt excuß.</p>
+<p>For well it oucht o prince or o king</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line2996" id = "line2996">2996</a></span>
+Til honore and til cheriß in al thing</p>
+<p>O worthi man, that is in kny<i>ch</i>thed p<i>re</i>wit.</p>
+<p>For throw the body of o man eſchevit</p>
+<p>Mony o wondir, mony one aduenture,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3000" id = "line3000">3000</a></span>
+That m<i>er</i>well war til any creature.</p>
+<p>And als oft-tyme is boith hard &amp; ſen,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+For often, by one knight’s prowess, have 40,000 been worsted by
+5,000.</p>
+<p>Quhar xl thouſand haith diſcu<i>m</i>fit ben</p>
+<p>Vith v thouſand, and only be o kny<i>ch</i>t;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3004" id = "line3004">3004</a></span>
+For throw his ſtrenth, his vorſchip, &amp; h<i>is</i> my<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p>His falowſchip ſich comfort of hym tais</p>
+<p>That thai ne dreid the dang<i>er</i> of thar fays.</p>
+<p>And thus, madem, I wot, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>outen were,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+If yon knight will continue to help the king,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3008" id = "line3008">3008</a></span>
+If that ȝhone kny<i>ch</i>t this day will p<i>er</i>ſywere</p>
+<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> his manhed for helping of the king,</p>
+<p>We ſal have cauß to dred in to no thing.</p>
+<p>Our folk of hyme thai ſal ſich comfort tak,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3012" id = "line3012">3012</a></span>
+And ſo adred thar ennemys ſal mak,</p>
+<p>That ſur I am, onys or the ny<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+yon folk shall perforce take to flight.”</p>
+<p>Of forß ȝhone folk ſal tak one them the fly<i>ch</i>t:</p>
+<p>Wharffor, madem, that ȝhe have gilt to mend,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3016" id = "line3016">3016</a></span>
+My conſell is one to ȝhon kny<i>ch</i>t ȝe ſend.”</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+She consents to send a message.</p>
+<p>“S<i>ir</i>,” q<i>uod</i> ſche, “quhat pleſſith yhow to do</p>
+<p>Ȝhe may dewyß, and I conſent thar-to.”</p>
+<p>Than was the lady of melyhalt <i>con</i>tent,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3020" id = "line3020">3020</a></span>
+And to ſ<i>ir</i> gawan in-to-<i>con</i>tynent</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 37 <i>b</i>.]</p>
+<p>Sche clepit the maid, wich that paſſit ar;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+A maiden is therefore sent to say,</p>
+<p>And he hir bad the meſag thus duclar.</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT70" id = "noteT70" href = "#tagT70">70</a>
+“to” seems required.</p>
+
+<p>“Say [to]<a class = "tag" name = "tagT70" id = "tagT70" href =
+"#noteT70">70</a> the kny<i>ch</i>t, the quen hir
+reco<i>m</i>mendith,</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page89" id = "page89" href = "#notes89">89</a></span>
+
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3024" id = "line3024">3024</a></span>
+And ſal correk in quhat that ſche offendith</p>
+<p>At his awn will, how ſo hyme liſt dewyß;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+that the queen humbly exhorts him</p>
+<p>And hyme exortith, in moſt humyll wyß,</p>
+<p>As eu<i>er</i> he will, whar that ſche can or may,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3028" id = "line3028">3028</a></span>
+Or powar haith hir charg, be ony way,</p>
+<p>And for his worſchip and his hie ma<i>n</i>hede,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+to help in that need to preserve the king’s honour, and to deserve her
+thanks.</p>
+<p>And for hir luf, to helpen i<i>n</i> that ned</p>
+<p>The king<i>is</i> honore, his land fore to preſerf,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3032" id = "line3032">3032</a></span>
+That he hir thonk for eu<i>er</i> may deſerf.”</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+SIR GAWANE SENDS HIM TEN SPEARS MORE.</span></p>
+
+<p>And four ſquyaris chargit he alſo</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Sir Gawane also sends four squires with three horses and ten spears.</p>
+<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> thre horß and ſperis x to go</p>
+<p>Furt<i>h</i> to the knycht, hyme prayng for his ſak,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3036" id = "line3036">3036</a></span>
+At his raqueſt thame in his ned to tak.</p>
+
+<p class = "indent">[T]he maden furt<i>h</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> the
+ſqwyar<i>is</i> is went</p>
+<p>One to the kny<i>ch</i>t, and ſchawith y<i>ar</i> entent.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The message heard, he inquires about the queen,</p>
+<p>Tho meſag hard, and ek ye preſent ſeñ,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3040" id = "line3040">3040</a></span>
+He anſwerit, and aſkith of the qwen;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and is told that from yon parapet she can witness his deeds.</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT71" id = "noteT71" href = "#tagT71">71</a>
+A second “sche” is here required.</p>
+
+<p>“S<i>ir</i>,” q<i>uod</i> ſche, [“sche]<a class = "tag" name =
+"tagT71" id = "tagT71" href = "#noteT71">71</a> in to ȝhone bartiis
+lyis,</p>
+<p>Whar that this day yhour dedis ſal dewyß,</p>
+<p>Yhowr manhed, yhour worſchip, and affere,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3044" id = "line3044">3044</a></span>
+How ȝhe <i>con</i>teñ, and how yhe armys bere;</p>
+<p>The quen hir-ſelf, and many o lady to,</p>
+<p>Sal Iug<i>is</i> be, and vitnes how yhe do.”</p>
+<p>Than he, whois hart ſtant in o new aray,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+He returns a message that he is the queen’s knight.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3048" id = "line3048">3048</a></span>
+Saith, “damyceyll, on to my lady ſay,</p>
+<p>How eu<i>er</i> that hir lykith that it bee,</p>
+<p>Als far as wit or powar is in me,</p>
+<p>I am hir kny<i>ch</i>t, I ſal at hir <i>com</i>mand</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3052" id = "line3052">3052</a></span>
+Do at I may, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>outen more demand.</p>
+<p>And to ſ<i>ir</i> gawan, for his gret gentriß,</p>
+<p>Me reco<i>m</i>mend and thonk a thouſand ſyß.”</p>
+<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> that o ſper he takith in his hond,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+He stands in his stirrups; and seems to increase a foot in height.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3056" id = "line3056">3056</a></span>
+And ſo in to his ſterapis can he ſtond</p>
+<p>That to ſ<i>ir</i> gawan ſemyth that the kny<i>ch</i>t</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page90" id = "page90" href = "#notes90">90</a></span>
+
+<p>Encreſyng gon o larg fut one hycht;</p>
+<p>And to the ladice ſaith he, and the qwen,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3060" id = "line3060">3060</a></span>
+“Ȝhon is the kny<i>ch</i>t that eu<i>er</i> I have ſen</p>
+<p>In al my tyme moſt kny<i>ch</i>tly of affere,</p>
+<p>And in hyme-ſelf gon fareſt armys bere.”</p>
+
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+THE BLACK KNIGHT’S CHARGE.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 38 <i>a</i>.]</p>
+<p class = "indent">[T]he kny<i>ch</i>t that haith Reme<i>m</i>brit in
+his tho<i>ch</i>t</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Greatly encouraged,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3064" id = "line3064">3064</a></span>
+The qwenys charg<i>is</i>, &amp; how ſche hy<i>m</i> beſo<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p>Curag can encreſing to his hart;</p>
+<p>His curſer lap, and gan onon to ſtart;</p>
+<p>And he the ſqwaris haith reqwyrit ſo,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3068" id = "line3068">3068</a></span>
+That thai w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> hyme one to the feld wald go.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+without delay he crosses over the river to the field;</p>
+<p>Than goith he one, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>outen mor abaid,</p>
+<p>And our the reuar to the feld he raid;</p>
+<p>Don goith his ſpere onone In to the Reſt,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and goes in wherever he sees most peril.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3072" id = "line3072">3072</a></span>
+And in he goith, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>outen mor areſt,</p>
+<p>Thar as he ſaw moſt p<i>er</i>ell and moſt dred</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT72" id = "noteT72" href = "#tagT72">72</a>
+MS. “held.”</p>
+
+<p>In al the feld, and moſt of help<a class = "tag" name = "tagT72" id =
+"tagT72" href = "#noteT72">72</a> had ned,</p>
+<p>Whar ſemblyt was the firſt-<i>con</i>queſt king</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3076" id = "line3076">3076</a></span>
+W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> mony o kny<i>ch</i>t that was in his leding.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+He overthrows two knights.</p>
+<p>The firſt he met, doune goith boith horß &amp; man;</p>
+<p>The ſper was holl, and to the next he Rañ</p>
+<p>That helpit hyme his hawbrek nor h<i>is</i> ſcheld,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3080" id = "line3080">3080</a></span>
+Bot throuch and throuch haith perſit i<i>n</i> the feld.</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+SIX KNIGHTS FOLLOW HIM.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Sir Kay, Sir Sygramors, Sir Gresown, Sir Ywan, Sir Brandellis, and
+Gahers, all six in a race spur across the field with stretched
+spears,</p>
+<p>S<i>ir</i> kay, the wich haith this encontyr ſen,</p>
+<p>His horß he ſtrekith our the larg gren,</p>
+<p>And ſ<i>ir</i> ſygramors ek the deſyrand,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3084" id = "line3084">3084</a></span>
+W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> ſ<i>ir</i> greſown cu<i>m</i>myth at y<i>ar</i>
+honde,</p>
+<p>Son of the duk, and alſua ſ<i>ir</i> ywan</p>
+<p>The baſtart, and ſ<i>ir</i> brandellis onan,</p>
+<p>And gaherß, wich that broyir was</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3088" id = "line3088">3088</a></span>
+To gawan; thir ſex in a Raß</p>
+<p>Deliu<i>er</i>ly com prekand our the feld<i>is</i></p>
+<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> ſperis ſtraucht, and cou<i>er</i>it
+w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> thar ſcheldis;</p>
+<p>Sum for love, ſum honor to purcheß,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and 100 knights after them.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3092" id = "line3092">3092</a></span>
+And aftir them one hund<i>er</i>eth kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> was,</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page91" id = "page91" href = "#notes91">91</a></span>
+
+<p>In ſamyne will, thar manhed to aſſay.</p>
+<p>On his v falowis clepit than ſ<i>ir</i> kay,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Sir Kay exhorts them</p>
+<p>And ſaith them, “ſ<i>ir</i>is, thar has ȝhond<i>er</i> ben</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3096" id = "line3096">3096</a></span>
+A courß that neu<i>er</i>-more farar was ſen</p>
+<p>Maid be o kny<i>ch</i>t, and we ar cu<i>m</i>myn ilkon</p>
+<p>Only ws one [his] worſchip to diſpone;</p>
+<p>And neu<i>er</i> we in al our dais my<i>ch</i>t</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3100" id = "line3100">3100</a></span>
+Have bet axampil than iffith ws ȝone kny<i>ch</i>t</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+to keep near the black knight, and follow his guidance all day.</p>
+<p>Of well doing; and her I hecht for me</p>
+<p>Ner hyme al day, if that I may, to bee,</p>
+<p>And folow hyme at al [my] my<i>ch</i>t I ſall,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3104" id = "line3104">3104</a></span>
+Bot deth or vthir adwentur me fall<ins class = "correction" title =
+"close quote missing">.”</ins></p>
+<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> that thir ſex, al in one aſſent,</p>
+<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> freſch curag In to the feld Is went.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 38 <i>b</i>.]</p>
+<p>The blak kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> ſpere in pec<i>is</i> goñe,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+With a second spear, the black knight seeks the field, closely followed
+by the six.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3108" id = "line3108">3108</a></span>
+Frome o ſqwyar oñe vthir haith he toñe,</p>
+<p>And to the feld onone he goith ful ry<i>ch</i>t;</p>
+<p>Thir ſex w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> hyme ay holdith at y<i>ar</i>
+my<i>ch</i>t.</p>
+<p>And than bygan his wond<i>er</i>is in the feld;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3112" id = "line3112">3112</a></span>
+Thar was no helme, no hawbryk, nore no ſcheld,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+No knight nor armour can withstand him.</p>
+<p>Nor yhit no kny<i>ch</i>t ſo hardy, ferß, nore ſtout,</p>
+<p>No ȝhit no man<i>er</i> armour my<i>ch</i>t hald owt</p>
+<p>His ſtrenth, nore was of powar to w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>ſtond;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3116" id = "line3116">3116</a></span>
+So mych of armys dyde he w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> his honde,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Every wight wonders at his deeds.</p>
+<p>That euery wight ferleit of h<i>is</i> deid,</p>
+<p>And al his fois ſtondith ful of dreid.</p>
+<p>So beſely he can his tyme diſpend,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3120" id = "line3120">3120</a></span>
+That of the ſperis wich ſ<i>ir</i> gawan ſend,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+He uses up all Gawane’s spears.</p>
+<p>Holl of them all thar was not lewit oñe;</p>
+<p>Throw wich but m<i>er</i>cy to the deyth is gon</p>
+<p>Ful many o kny<i>ch</i>t, and many o weriour,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3124" id = "line3124">3124</a></span>
+That cout<i>h</i> ſuſten ful hardely o ſtour.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Two horses of his are killed, and he fights on foot.</p>
+<p>And of his horß ſupp<i>ri</i>ſit ded ar two,</p>
+<p>One of his awn, of gawanis one alſo,</p>
+<p>And he one fut was fechtand one the gren,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3128" id = "line3128">3128</a></span>
+When that ſ<i>ir</i> kay haith w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> his falowis ſeñ;</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page92" id = "page92" href = "#notes92">92</a></span>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The squire brings him a fresh horse;</p>
+<p>The ſqwyar w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> his horß than to hy<i>m</i>
+bro<i>ch</i>t;</p>
+<p>Magre his fois he to his courſeir ſo<i>ch</i>t</p>
+<p>Deliu<i>er</i>ly, as of o my<i>ch</i>ty hart,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+he leaps into the saddle without stirrups.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3132" id = "line3132">3132</a></span>
+W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>out ſteropis in to his ſadill ſtart,</p>
+<p>That euery wycht beholding m<i>er</i>vell has</p>
+<p>Of his ſtrenth and deliu<i>er</i> beſynes.</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+SIR KAY ASKS WHO THE BLACK KNIGHT IS.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Sir Kay asks who he is,</p>
+<p>S<i>ir</i> kay, ſeing his horß, and how that thai</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3136" id = "line3136">3136</a></span>
+War cled in to ſ<i>ir</i> gawanis aray,</p>
+<p>Aſkith at the ſquyar if he knewith</p>
+<p>What that he was, this kny<i>ch</i>t? &amp; he hym ſchewith</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+but the squire cannot tell.</p>
+<p>He wiſt no thing quhat that he was, nore hee</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3140" id = "line3140">3140</a></span>
+Befor that day hyme neu<i>er</i> ſaw w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> Ee.</p>
+<p>Than aſkith he, how and one quhat wyß</p>
+<p>On gawanis horß makith hyme ſich ſ<i>er</i>uice?</p>
+<p>The ſqw[y]ar ſaith, “forſuth y wot no more;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3144" id = "line3144">3144</a></span>
+My lord ws bad, I not the cauß quharfore.”</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The black knight returns to the field.</p>
+<p>The blak kny<i>ch</i>t, horſit, to the feld can ſew</p>
+<p>Als freſch as he was in the morow new;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The six comrades follow him.</p>
+<p>The ſex falowis folowit hyme ilkone,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3148" id = "line3148">3148</a></span>
+And al in front on to the feld ar goñ;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 39 <i>a</i>.]</p>
+<p>Ry<i>ch</i>t freſchly one thar ennemys thai ſoght,</p>
+<p>And many o fair poynt of armys vroght.</p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Malangin’s host is discomfited by king Ydras; and retreats to join the
+second line, commanded by the Conquest-king;</p>
+<p class = "indent">[T]han hapnyt to king malangins oſt</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3152" id = "line3152">3152</a></span>
+By ydras king diſcu<i>m</i>fit was, &amp; loſt,</p>
+<p>And fled, and to the <i>con</i>queſt-king ar goñe,</p>
+<p>Thar boith the batell<i>is</i> aſſemblit In to one;</p>
+<p>King malengynis in to his hart was wo,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3156" id = "line3156">3156</a></span>
+For of hyme-ſelf no bett<i>er</i> kny<i>ch</i>t my<i>ch</i>t go;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+so that 40,000 are now opposed to 15,000 of Arthur’s.</p>
+<p>Thar xl thouſand war thai for xv.</p>
+<p>Than my<i>ch</i>t the feld ry<i>ch</i>t p<i>er</i>ellus be ſen</p>
+<p>Of armyt kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> gaping one the ground;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3160" id = "line3160">3160</a></span>
+Sum deith, and ſum w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> mony a grewous wond;</p>
+<p>For arthuris kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i>, that manly war and gud,</p>
+<p>Suppos that vthir was o multitude,</p>
+<p>Reſauit tham well at the ſperis end;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3164" id = "line3164">3164</a></span>
+But one ſuch wyß thai may not lang defend.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page93" id = "page93" href = "#notes93">93</a></span>
+
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+THE BLACK KNIGHT’S PROWESS.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The black knight, knowing who is beholding him,</p>
+<p>The blak kny<i>ch</i>t ſaw the dang<i>er</i> of the feld,</p>
+<p>And al his doing<i>is</i> knowith quho beheld,</p>
+<p>And ek reme<i>m</i>brith in to his entent</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3168" id = "line3168">3168</a></span>
+Of the meſag that ſche haith to hyme ſent:</p>
+<p>Than curag, ſtrenth encreſing w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> ma<i>n</i>hed,</p>
+<p>Ful lyk o kny<i>ch</i>t one to the feld he raid,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+thinks to have his lady’s love, or die before her.</p>
+<p>Thinking to do his ladice love to have,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3172" id = "line3172">3172</a></span>
+Or than his deth befor hir to reſave.</p>
+<p>Thar he begynyth in his ferß curag</p>
+<p>Of armys, as o lyoune in his rag;</p>
+<p>Than m<i>er</i>well was his doing to behold;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3176" id = "line3176">3176</a></span>
+Thar was no kny<i>ch</i>t ſo ſtrong, nor yhit ſo bold,</p>
+<p>That in the feld befor his ſuerd he met,</p>
+<p>Nor he ſo hard his ſtrok apone hyme ſet,</p>
+<p>That ded or wondit to the erth he ſo<i>ch</i>t;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+He works nothing but wonders;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3180" id = "line3180">3180</a></span>
+For thar was not bot wond<i>er</i>is that he wro<i>ch</i>t.</p>
+<p>And magre of his fois eu<i>er</i>ilkone,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and often passes alone through the field.</p>
+<p>In to the feld oft tymys hyme aloñ</p>
+<p>Throuch and throuch he paſſith to &amp; fro;</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT73" id = "noteT73" href = "#tagT73">73</a>
+Another spelling of <i>warld</i>, i.e. world, which occurs in the fuller
+form in <a href = "#line3212">l.&nbsp;3212</a>.</p>
+
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3184" id = "line3184">3184</a></span>
+For in the ward<a class = "tag" name = "tagT73" id = "tagT73" href =
+"#noteT73">73</a> it was the man<i>er</i> tho</p>
+<p>That non o kny<i>ch</i>t ſhuld be the brydill tak</p>
+<p>Hyme to oreſt, nore cum behynd h<i>is</i> bak,</p>
+<p>Nor mo than on at onys one o kny<i>ch</i>t</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3188" id = "line3188">3188</a></span>
+Shuld ſtrik, for that tyme worſchip ſtud ſo ry<i>ch</i>t.</p>
+<p>Ȝhit was the feld ry<i>ch</i>t p<i>er</i>ellus and ſtrong</p>
+<p>Till arthuris folk, ſet thai <i>con</i>tenyt longe;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 39 <i>b</i>.]</p>
+<p>Bot in ſich wyß this blak kny<i>ch</i>t can <i>con</i>ten,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+He fights in such wise as to encourage all who see his deeds.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3192" id = "line3192">3192</a></span>
+That thai, the wich that hath his manhed ſeñ,</p>
+<p>Sich hardyment haith takyne In his ded,</p>
+<p>Them tho<i>ch</i>t thai had no man<i>er</i> cauß of dred,</p>
+<p>Als long as he my<i>ch</i>t owthir ryd or go,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3196" id = "line3196">3196</a></span>
+At euery ned he them recomfort ſo.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Sir Kay and his fellows follow him all day.</p>
+<p>S<i>ir</i> kay haith w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> his falowis al the day</p>
+<p>Folowit hyme al that he can or may,</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page94" id = "page94" href = "#notes94">94</a></span>
+
+<p>And wondir well thai have in armys p<i>re</i>wit,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3200" id = "line3200">3200</a></span>
+And w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> thar manhed oft thar folk relewit;</p>
+<p>Bot well thai faucht in diu<i>er</i>ß placis ſere,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+But at last they are nearly all overpowered by numbers.</p>
+<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> multitud y<i>ar</i> folk confuſit were,</p>
+<p>That long in ſich wyß my<i>ch</i>t thai no<i>ch</i>t
+<i>con</i>teñ.</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+SIR KAY’S MESSAGE TO SIR HARWY.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Sir Kay sends Gawane’s squire with a message to Sir Harwy that he ought
+not to suffer the best knight that ever bore arms to be surprised,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3204" id = "line3204">3204</a></span>
+S<i>ir</i> kay, that hath ſ<i>ir</i> gawans qſquyar<i>is</i> ſen,</p>
+<p>He clepit hyme, and haith hyme prayt ſo,</p>
+<p>That to ſ<i>ir</i> harwy the rewell wil he go,</p>
+<p>And ſay to hyme, “ws think hyme ewil awyſit;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3208" id = "line3208">3208</a></span>
+For her throuch hyme he ſufferit be ſuppriſit</p>
+<p>The beſt kny<i>ch</i>t that eu<i>er</i> armys bur;</p>
+<p>And if it ſo befell of adwentur,</p>
+<p>In his defalt, that he be ded or lamyt,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3212" id = "line3212">3212</a></span>
+This warld ſal have hyme vtraly defamyt.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+nor six knights of the Round Table to be discomfited.</p>
+<p>And her ar of the round table alſo</p>
+<p>A falouſchip, that ſall in well and wo</p>
+<p>Abid w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> hyme, and furt<i>h</i> for to endur</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3216" id = "line3216">3216</a></span>
+Of lyf or deth, this day, thar adwentur;</p>
+<p>And if ſo fal diſcumfyt at thai bee,</p>
+<p>The king may ſay that wond<i>er</i> ewill haith he</p>
+<p>Contenit hyme, and kepit his honore,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3220" id = "line3220">3220</a></span>
+Thus for to tyne of chevalry the flour!”</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The squire takes the message.</p>
+<p>The ſqw[y]ar hard, and furt<i>h</i> his way Raid,</p>
+<p>In termys ſchort he al his meſag ſaid.</p>
+<p>S<i>ir</i> harwy ſaith, “y wytneß god, that I</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3224" id = "line3224">3224</a></span>
+Neu<i>er</i> in my days comytit tratory,</p>
+<p>And if I now begyne In to myne eld,</p>
+<p>In ewill tyme fyrſt com I to this feld;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Sir Harwy says that Sir Kay shall have no cause to reprove him.</p>
+<p>Bot, if god will, I ſal me ſon diſcharg.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3228" id = "line3228">3228</a></span>
+Say to ſ<i>ir</i> kay, I ſal not ber the charg,</p>
+<p>He ſal no mat<i>er</i> have me to rapref,</p>
+<p>I ſal amend this mys if that I lef.”</p>
+<p>The ſqwyar went and tellit to ſ<i>ir</i> kay;</p>
+
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+GALIOT’S FOLK ARE WORSTED.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote break">
+Sir Harwy comes to support them;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3232" id = "line3232">3232</a></span>
+<span class = "dropcap">A</span>nd ſ<i>ir</i> harwy, in al the haſt he
+may,</p>
+<p>Aſſemblyt hath his oſt<i>is</i>, &amp; onoñ</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 40 <i>a</i>.]</p>
+<p>In gret deſyre on the feld is gon</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page95" id = "page95" href = "#notes95">95</a></span>
+
+<p>Before his folk, and haldith furt<i>h</i> his way;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3236" id = "line3236">3236</a></span>
+Don goith his ſper, and ewyne before ſ<i>ir</i> kay</p>
+<p>So hard o kny<i>ch</i>t he ſtrykith in his ten</p>
+<p>That horß and he lay boith apone the gren.</p>
+<p>S<i>ir</i> gawan ſaw the count<i>er</i> that he maad,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3240" id = "line3240">3240</a></span>
+And leuch for al the ſarues that he had:</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and proves himself a better warrior than might have been expected of one
+so old.</p>
+<p>That day ſ<i>ir</i> harwy prewyt in the feld</p>
+<p>Of armys more than longith to his eld,</p>
+<p>For he was more than fyfty yher of ag,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3244" id = "line3244">3244</a></span>
+Set he was ferß and ȝong in his curag;</p>
+<p>And fro that he aſſemblyt his bataill</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Galiot’s folk are beaten.</p>
+<p>Doune goith the folk of galot<i>is</i> al haill;</p>
+<p>For to w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>ſtond thai war of no poware,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3248" id = "line3248">3248</a></span>
+And yhit of folk x thouſand mo thei vare.</p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote break">
+King Valydone comes to support them.</p>
+<p><span class = "dropcap">K</span>yng valydone, that ſauch on ſuch o
+wyß</p>
+<p>His falowis dang<i>er</i>it w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> thar ennemys,</p>
+<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> al his folk, being freß and new,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3252" id = "line3252">3252</a></span>
+Goith to the feld onon, them to reſſkew;</p>
+<p>Thar was the feld ry<i>ch</i>t p<i>er</i>ellus aȝañe,</p>
+<p>Of arthuris folk ful many on var ſlan.</p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote break">
+Angus comes to aid Arthur’s men.</p>
+<p><span class = "dropcap">B</span>ot angus, quhich that lykith not to
+bid,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3256" id = "line3256">3256</a></span>
+And ſaw the p<i>er</i>ell one the tother ſid,</p>
+<p>His ſted he ſtrok, and w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> his oſt is gon</p>
+<p>Whar was moſt ned, and thar the feld has ton.</p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote break">
+Clamedyus comes to aid Galiot’s men.</p>
+<p><span class = "dropcap">K</span>yng clamedyus makith non abaid,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3260" id = "line3260">3260</a></span>
+Bot w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> his oſt one to the ſid he raid.</p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote break">
+Ywons encounters Clamedyus.</p>
+<p><span class = "dropcap">A</span>nd ywons king, that haith his
+cu<i>m</i>myn ſen,</p>
+<p>Encount<i>er</i>it hyme in myddis of the greñ.</p>
+<p>The aucht batell<i>is</i> aſſemblyt one this wiß;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Great clamour and lamentable cries on either side.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3264" id = "line3264">3264</a></span>
+On ather half the clamore and the cryiß</p>
+<p>Was lametable and petws for til her,</p>
+<p>Of kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> wich in diu<i>er</i>ß placis ſere</p>
+<p>Wondit war, and fallyng to and fro,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3268" id = "line3268">3268</a></span>
+Ȝhit galyot<i>is</i> folk war xx thouſand mo.</p>
+
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+THE BLACK KNIGHT’S DARING RESOLUTION.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote break">
+The black knight bids himself remember love’s power over him;</p>
+<p><span class = "dropcap">T</span>he blak kny<i>ch</i>t than on to
+hyme-ſelf he ſaid:</p>
+<p>“Remembir the, how yhow haith ben araid,</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page96" id = "page96" href = "#notes96">96</a></span>
+
+<p>Ay ſen ye hour that yow was makid kny<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3272" id = "line3272">3272</a></span>
+W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> love, aȝane quhois powar &amp; whois my<i>ch</i>t</p>
+<p>Yow haith no ſtrenth, yow may It not endur,</p>
+<p>Nor ȝhit non vthir erthly creatur;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and that only his lady’s mercy or his life’s end can amend him.</p>
+<p>And bot two thing<i>is</i> ar the to amend,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3276" id = "line3276">3276</a></span>
+Thi ladice mercy, or thi lyvys end.</p>
+<p>And well yhow wot that on to hir p<i>re</i>ſens,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 40 <i>b</i>.]</p>
+<p>Til hir eſtat, nor til hir excellens,</p>
+<p>Thi febilneß neu<i>er</i>more is able</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3280" id = "line3280">3280</a></span>
+For to attan, ſche is ſo honorable.</p>
+<p>And ſen no way yow may ſo hie extend,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+He counsels himself to strive for her thanks,</p>
+<p>My verray conſell is, that yow pretend</p>
+<p>This day, (ſen yow becu<i>m</i>myne art hir kny<i>ch</i>t</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3284" id = "line3284">3284</a></span>
+Of hir comand, and fechtit in hir ſy<i>ch</i>t),</p>
+<p>And well yow ſchaw, ſen yow may do no mor,</p>
+<p>That of reſone ſche ſal the thank tharfore;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and to be ashamed of every point of cowardice.</p>
+<p>Of euery poynt of cowardy yow ſcham,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3288" id = "line3288">3288</a></span>
+And in til armys purcheß the ſum nam.”</p>
+<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> that of love in to o new deſir</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Swift as a crossbow-bolt he seeks the field.</p>
+<p>His ſpere he ſtraucht, and ſwift as any wyre</p>
+<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> al his forß the n<i>er</i>eſt feld he ſoght;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3292" id = "line3292">3292</a></span>
+His ful ſtrenth in armys thar he vroght,</p>
+<p>In to the feld ruſching to and fro,</p>
+<p>Doune goith the man, doune goith the horß also;</p>
+<p>Sum throw the ſcheld is perſit to the hart,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3296" id = "line3296">3296</a></span>
+Sum throw the hed, he may It not aſtart.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+His sword carves the head from some, and cuts the arms of others in
+twain.</p>
+<p>His bludy ſuerd he dreuch, that carwit ſo</p>
+<p>Fro ſum the hed, and ſum the arm in two;</p>
+<p>Sum in the feld fellit is in ſwoñ,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3300" id = "line3300">3300</a></span>
+Throw ſum his ſuerd goith to the ſadill doune.</p>
+<p>His fois waren abaſit of his dedis,</p>
+<p>His mortell ſtrok ſo gretly for to dred Is;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+When his foes see him, they leave the place for dread of death.</p>
+<p>Whar thai hyme ſaw, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>in a lytall ſpace,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3304" id = "line3304">3304</a></span>
+For dreid of ded, thai levyng hyme the place,</p>
+<p>That many o ſtrok ful oft he haith forlorñ;</p>
+<p>The ſpedy horß away the kny<i>ch</i>t hath borñ.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page97" id = "page97" href = "#notes97">97</a></span>
+
+<p>In to his wyrking neu<i>er</i>more he ſeſt,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3308" id = "line3308">3308</a></span>
+Nor non abaid he makith, nor areſt.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+His knightly deeds assure his fellows.</p>
+<p>His falowis, ſo in his kny<i>ch</i>thed aſſuryd,</p>
+<p>Thai ar reco<i>m</i>fort, thar manhed is recou<i>er</i>yt,</p>
+<p>And one thar fois ful ferſly thai ſoght,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3312" id = "line3312">3312</a></span>
+Thar goith the lyf of many o kny<i>ch</i>t to no<i>ch</i>t.</p>
+<p>So was the batell wond<i>er</i>ful to tell,</p>
+<p>Of kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> to ſe the multitud that fell,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+It was pitiful to see the knights gaping upon the green.</p>
+<p>That pety was til ony kny<i>ch</i>t to ſeñ</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3316" id = "line3316">3316</a></span>
+The kny<i>ch</i>t<i>is</i> lying gaping on the gren.</p>
+<p>The blak kny<i>ch</i>t ay <i>con</i>tinewit ſo faſt,</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT74" id = "noteT74" href = "#tagT74">74</a>
+MS. “Whilk.”</p>
+
+<p>Whill<a class = "tag" name = "tagT74" id = "tagT74" href =
+"#noteT74">74</a> many one, diſcumfit at the laſt,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 41 <i>a</i>.]</p>
+<p>Are fled, and planly of the feld thei pas:</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+GALIOT WONDERS WHY HIS MEN FLEE.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Galiot asks his men why they flee.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3320" id = "line3320">3320</a></span>
+And galyot haith wondyr, for he was</p>
+<p>Of mor powar, and aſkit at them qwhy</p>
+<p>As cowart<i>is</i> thai fled ſa ſchamfully?</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+A knight replies, that whoever likes may go and see marvels.</p>
+<p>Than ſaith o kny<i>ch</i>t, ſor wondit in the brayne,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3324" id = "line3324">3324</a></span>
+“Who lykith, he may Retwrn aȝayne</p>
+<p>Frome qwhens we come, m<i>er</i>walis for to ſee,</p>
+<p>That in his tyme neu<i>er</i> ſich ſauch hee.”</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Galiot asks, what marvels; and the knight tells him there is a knight
+who vanquishes all;</p>
+<p>“Marwell,” q<i>uod</i> he, “that dar I boldly ſay</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3328" id = "line3328">3328</a></span>
+Thay may be callit, and quhat thai ar, I pray?”</p>
+<p>“Schir, in the feld forſuth thar is o kny<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p>That only throw his body and his my<i>ch</i>t</p>
+<p>Wencuſſith all, that thar may non ſuſten</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3332" id = "line3332">3332</a></span>
+His ſtrokis, thai ar ſo fureows and ken.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+who fares as a lion or a bear;</p>
+<p>He farith as o lyone or o beyre,</p>
+<p>Wod in his rag, for ſich is his affere.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+to whom the red knight hears no comparison.</p>
+<p>Nor he the kny<i>ch</i>t in to the armys Red,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3336" id = "line3336">3336</a></span>
+Wich at the first aſſemble in this ſted</p>
+<p>Wencuſſith all, and had the holl renown,</p>
+<p>He may to this be no comp<i>ar</i>yſou<i>n</i>e,</p>
+<p>Fore neu<i>er</i> he ſeſith ſen the day vas goñ,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3340" id = "line3340">3340</a></span>
+Bot eu<i>er</i>more <i>con</i>tinewit in to one.”</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page98" id = "page98" href = "#notes98">98</a></span>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Galiot says he will go and see.</p>
+<p>Quod galiot, “in nome of god and we</p>
+<p>Al, be tyme, the ſuthfaſtneß ſal see.”</p>
+
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+GALIOT RALLIES HIS MEN.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Galiot is armed, rallies the flyers, and encourages his men.</p>
+<p class = "indent">[T]han he in armys that he had is gon,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3344" id = "line3344">3344</a></span>
+And to the feld w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> hyme aȝane hath ton</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT75" id = "noteT75" href = "#tagT75">75</a>
+The sense, but not the metre, requires “in.”</p>
+
+<p>Al the flear<i>is</i>, and foundyne [in]<a class = "tag" name =
+"tagT75" id = "tagT75" href = "#noteT75">75</a> ſich aray</p>
+<p>His folk, that ner diſcumfyt al war thay;</p>
+<p>Bot quhen thai ſaw cu<i>m</i>myne our the plan</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3348" id = "line3348">3348</a></span>
+Thar lord, thai tuk ſich hardeme<i>n</i>t aȝañ,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+They shout their war-cries.</p>
+<p>That thar eſſenȝeis lowd thai gon to cry.</p>
+<p>He chargit tham to go, that ware hyme by,</p>
+<p>Straucht to the feld, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> al thar holl forß;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3352" id = "line3352">3352</a></span>
+And thai, the wich that ſparit not the horß,</p>
+<p>All redy war to fillyng his <i>com</i>mand,</p>
+<p>And freſchly went, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>owten more demand:</p>
+<p>Throw qwich thar folk recou<i>er</i>yt haith thar place,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+All think a new host is coming.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3356" id = "line3356">3356</a></span>
+For al the feld p<i>re</i>ſwmyt that thar was</p>
+<p>O new oſt, one ſuch o wyß thai ſoght;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Arthur’s folk determine rather to die than fly.</p>
+<p>Whar arthuris folk had paſſith al to no<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p>Ne war that thai the bett<i>er</i> war ilkoñe,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3360" id = "line3360">3360</a></span>
+And at thai can them vtraly diſpoñe</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 41 <i>b</i>.]</p>
+<p>Rathar to dee than flee, in thar entent,</p>
+<p>And of the blak kny<i>ch</i>t haith ſich hardyment;</p>
+<p>For at al p<i>er</i>ell, al harmys, and myſchef,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3364" id = "line3364">3364</a></span>
+In tyme of ned he can tham al ralef.</p>
+
+<p class = "indent">[T]har was the batell danger<i>us</i> &amp;
+ſtrong,</p>
+<p>Gret was the pres, bat<i>h</i> perell<i>us</i> &amp; throng;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The black knight is borne to the ground.</p>
+<p>The blak kny<i>ch</i>t is born on to the ground,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3368" id = "line3368">3368</a></span>
+His horß hyme falyth, that fellith dethis wound.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The six comrades go to the earth.</p>
+<p>The vi falowis, that falowit hyme al day,</p>
+<p>Sich was the preß, that to the erth go thay;</p>
+<p>And thar in myd among his ennemys</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3372" id = "line3372">3372</a></span>
+He was about encloſit one ſich wyß</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+None know where he is.</p>
+<p>That quhare he was non of [his] falowis knew,</p>
+<p>Nor my<i>ch</i>t no<i>ch</i>t cum to help hyme, nore reſkew.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page99" id = "page99" href = "#notes99">99</a></span>
+
+<p>And thus among his ennemys allon</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+He defends himself with his sword.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3376" id = "line3376">3376</a></span>
+His nakid ſuerd out of his hond haith ton;</p>
+<p>And thar he p<i>re</i>wit his wertew &amp; h<i>is</i> ſtrenth;</p>
+<p>For thar was none w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>in the ſuerdis lenth</p>
+<p>That came, bot he goith to confuſioune.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+No helm nor habergeon may resist his sword<ins class = "correction"
+title = ". missing">.&nbsp;</ins></p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3380" id = "line3380">3380</a></span>
+Thar was no helme, thar was no habirioune,</p>
+<p>That may reſiſt his ſuerd, he ſmytith so;</p>
+<p>One euery ſyd he helpith to and fro,</p>
+<p>That al about the compas thai my<i>ch</i>t ken;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3384" id = "line3384">3384</a></span>
+The ded horß lyith virſlyng w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> the men.</p>
+<p>Thai hyme aſſalȝeing bot<i>h</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> ſcheld &amp;
+ſpere,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+He fares like a bear at the stake, that snubs the hardy hounds.</p>
+<p>And he aȝane; as at the ſtok the bere</p>
+<p>Snybbith the hardy hound<i>is</i> that ar ken,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3388" id = "line3388">3388</a></span>
+So farith he; for neu<i>er</i> my<i>ch</i>t be ſen</p>
+<p>His ſuerd to reſt, that in the gret rout</p>
+<p>He rowmyth all the compas hyme about.</p>
+
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+GALIOT WONDERS AT LANCELOT’S PROWESS.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "indent">[A]nd galiot, beholding his manhed,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Galiot wonders at his deeds;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3392" id = "line3392">3392</a></span>
+W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>in his-ſelf wond<i>er</i>ith of his ded,</p>
+<p>How that the body only of o kny<i>ch</i>t</p>
+<p>Haith ſich o ſtrenth, haith ſich affere &amp; my<i>ch</i>t;</p>
+<p>Than ſaid he thus, “I wald not that throw me,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and says that such a knight shall not die on his account.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3396" id = "line3396">3396</a></span>
+Or for my cauß, that ſuch o kny<i>ch</i>t ſuld dee,</p>
+<p>To conquer all this world that is ſo larg.”</p>
+<p>His horß than can he w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> his ſpuris charg,</p>
+<p>A gret trunſioune In to his hond hath ton,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3400" id = "line3400">3400</a></span>
+And in the thikeſt of the preß is goñ,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+He charges all his folk to cease;</p>
+<p>And al his folk chargit he to ſeß.</p>
+<p>At his <i>com</i>mand thai levyng al the preß;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 42 <i>a</i>.]</p>
+<p>And quhen he had departit all the rout,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3404" id = "line3404">3404</a></span>
+He ſaid, “ſ<i>ir</i> kny<i>ch</i>t, havith now no dout.”</p>
+<p>Wich anſwerit, “I have no cauß to dred.”</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+and assures the black knight that he will himself warrant him from all
+harm.</p>
+<p>“Ȝis,” q<i>uod</i> he, “ſa eu<i>er</i> god me ſped,</p>
+<p>Bot apone fut quhill ȝe ar fechtand here,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3408" id = "line3408">3408</a></span>
+And yhow defendith apone ſich manere,</p>
+<p>So hardely, and ek ſo lyk o kny<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p>I ſal my-ſelf w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> al my holl my<i>ch</i>t</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page100" id =
+"page100">100</a></span>
+
+<p>Be yhour defens, and varand fra al harmys;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3412" id = "line3412">3412</a></span>
+Bot had yhe left of worſchip In til armys,</p>
+<p>What I have don I wold apone no wyß;</p>
+<p>Bot ſen yhe ar of kny<i>ch</i>thed ſo to prys,</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT76" id = "noteT76" href = "#tagT76">76</a>
+MS. “ſalt.”</p>
+
+<p>Ȝhe ſal<a class = "tag" name = "tagT76" id = "tagT76" href =
+"#noteT76">76</a> no man<i>er</i> cauß have for to dred:</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+He offers him as many horses as he needs; and proposes that they shall
+never again part.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3416" id = "line3416">3416</a></span>
+And ſet yhour horß be falit at this ned,</p>
+<p>Diſpleß yhow not, for-quhy ȝe ſal not want</p>
+<p>Als many as yhow lykith for to hawnt;</p>
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+GALIOT GIVES LANCELOT HIS OWN HORSE.</span></p>
+
+<p>And I my-ſelf, I ſal yhowr ſqwyar bee,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3420" id = "line3420">3420</a></span>
+And, if god will, neu<i>er</i> more ſal wee</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+He ’lights from his horse, and gives him to Lancelot, who thanks
+him.</p>
+<p>Dep<i>ar</i>t;” w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> that, anon he can to lycht</p>
+<p>Doune frome his horß, and gaf hyme to y<sup>e</sup>
+kny<i>ch</i>t.</p>
+<p>The lord he thonkit, and the horß hath ton,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3424" id = "line3424">3424</a></span>
+And als ſo freſch one to the feld is gon,</p>
+<p>As at no ſtrok<i>is</i> he that day had ben.</p>
+<p>His falowis glad, one horß that hath hy<i>m</i> ſen,</p>
+<p>To galiot one vthir horß thai broght;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3428" id = "line3428">3428</a></span>
+And he goith one, and frome the feld he ſo<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Galiot returns to his host, and chooses a band of 10,000 men.</p>
+<p>And to the plan quhar that his oſt<i>is</i> were;</p>
+<p>And brandymagus chargit he to ſtere</p>
+<p>Eft<i>er</i> hyme, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>in a lytill ſpace,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3432" id = "line3432">3432</a></span>
+And x thouſand he takyne w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> hy<i>m</i> haß.</p>
+<p>Towart the feld onon he can to Rid,</p>
+<p>And chargit them befor ye oſt to byd.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The trumpets, clarions, horns, and bugles are sounded.</p>
+<p>Wp goith the trumpet<i>is</i>, and the claryownis,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3436" id = "line3436">3436</a></span>
+Hornys, bugill<i>is</i> blawing furt<i>h</i> thar ſownis,</p>
+<p>That al the cuntre reſownit hath about;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Arthur’s folk despair.</p>
+<p>Than arthuris folk var in diſpar &amp; dout,</p>
+<p>That hard the noys, and ſaw the m<i>u</i>ltitud</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3440" id = "line3440">3440</a></span>
+Of freſch folk; thai cam as thai war wod.</p>
+
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+LANCELOT HARANGUES ARTHUR’S HOST.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+The sable knight, still fearless,</p>
+<p class = "indent">[B]ot he that was w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>owten any
+dred,</p>
+<p>In ſabill cled, and ſaw the gret ned,</p>
+<p>Aſſemblyt al his falowis, and arayd;</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+harangues his men, saying,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3444" id = "line3444">3444</a></span>
+And thus to them in manly t<i>er</i>mes ſaid:</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page101" id = "page101" href = "#notes101">101</a></span>
+
+<p class = "sidenote folio">[Fol. 42 <i>b</i>.]</p>
+<p>“What that ȝe ar I knaw not yhour eſtat,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+“I know not who ye are, but I know that ye ought to be commended.</p>
+<p>Bot of ma<i>n</i>hed and worſchip, well I wat,</p>
+<p>Out throuch this warld yhe aw to be <i>com</i>me<i>n</i>dit,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3448" id = "line3448">3448</a></span>
+This day ȝe have ſo kny<i>ch</i>tly yhow defendit.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Ye see how your enemies, as night approaches, are striving to give you
+an outrage or a fright.</p>
+<p>And now yhe ſee how that, aȝanis the ny<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p>Yhour ennemys p<i>re</i>tendit w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> thar myght</p>
+<p>Of multitud, and w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> thar new oſt,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3452" id = "line3452">3452</a></span>
+And w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> thar buglis and thar wynd<i>is</i> boſt</p>
+<p>Freſchly cu<i>m</i>myng In to ſich aray,</p>
+
+<p class = "footnote">
+<a class = "tag" name = "noteT77" id = "noteT77" href = "#tagT77">77</a>
+MS. “owtray.” See Glossary.</p>
+
+<p>To ifyne yhow one owtrag<a class = "tag" name = "tagT77" id =
+"tagT77" href = "#noteT77">77</a> or affray.</p>
+<p>And now almoſt cu<i>m</i>myne Is the ny<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Employ then your courage, so that the honour ye have won be not again
+lost.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3456" id = "line3456">3456</a></span>
+Quharfor yhour ſtrenth, yhour curag, &amp; yhovr my<i>ch</i>t</p>
+<p>Yhe occupye in to ſo manly wyß,</p>
+<p>That the worſchip of kny<i>ch</i>thed &amp; empryß</p>
+<p>That yhe have wonyng, and ye g<i>re</i>t renown</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3460" id = "line3460">3460</a></span>
+Be not yloſt, be not ylaid doune.</p>
+<p>For one hour the ſufferyng of diſtreß,</p>
+<p>Gret harm It war yhe tyne the hie encreß</p>
+<p>Of vorſchip, ſ<i>er</i>uit al this day before.</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3464" id = "line3464">3464</a></span>
+And to yhow al my conſell is, tharfore,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Resolve then to meet them sharply, without fear, so that they may feel
+the cold spear in their hearts.</p>
+<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> manly curag, but radour, yhe p<i>re</i>tend</p>
+<p>To met tham ſcharply at the ſperis end,</p>
+<p>So that thei feil the cold ſperis poynt</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3468" id = "line3468">3468</a></span>
+Out-throw thar ſcheld<i>is</i>, in thar hart<i>is</i> poynt.</p>
+<p>So ſal thai fynd we ar no-thing affrayt;</p>
+<p>Whar-throuch we ſall the well leß be aſſayt.</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Perhaps then the foremost will make the rest afraid.”</p>
+<p>If that we met them ſcharply in the berd,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3472" id = "line3472">3472</a></span>
+The formeſt ſal mak al the laif afferd.”</p>
+<p>And w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> o woyß thai cry al, “ſ<i>ir</i>
+kny<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p>Apone yhour manhed, and yhour gret my<i>ch</i>t,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+They promise to stand firm.</p>
+<p>We ſal abid, for no man ſhall eſchef</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3476" id = "line3476">3476</a></span>
+Frome yhow this day, his ma<i>n</i>hed for to pref.”</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Sir Yvan also bids his men be comforted; for that they see all the
+strength of their enemies.</p>
+<p>And to his oſt the lord ſ<i>ir</i> yvane ſaid,</p>
+<p>“Yhe comfort yow, yhe be no-thing affrayd,</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum">
+<a name = "page102" id = "page102" href = "#notes102">102</a></span>
+
+<p>Ws ned no more to dreding of ſuppriß;</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3480" id = "line3480">3480</a></span>
+We ſe the ſtrenth of al our ennemys.”</p>
+<p>Thus he ſaid, for he wend thai var no mo,</p>
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Sir Gawane, however, knew better.</p>
+<p>Bot ſ<i>ir</i> gawan knew well It vas not ſo;</p>
+<p>For al the oſt<i>is</i> my<i>ch</i>t he ſe al day,</p>
+<p><span class = "linenum">
+<a name = "line3484" id = "line3484">3484</a></span>
+And the gret hoſt he ſaw quhar y<i>a</i>t it lay.</p>
+
+<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote">
+THE POEM ABRUPTLY ENDS.</span></p>
+
+<p class = "sidenote">
+Galiot also exhorts his men.</p>
+<p class = "indent">[A]nd galiot he can his folk exort,</p>
+<p>Beſeching them to be of good comfort,</p>
+
+<p class = "deep">And ſich encont<i>er</i></p>
+
+<h5>[<i>The rest is wanting.</i>]</h5>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div class = "notes">
+
+<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page103" id =
+"page103">103</a></span>
+
+<h2><a name = "notes" id = "notes">NOTES.</a></h2>
+
+<hr class = "tiny">
+
+<p>[It may be observed, once for all, that the expression <i>in to</i>
+repeatedly occurs where we should simply use <i>in</i>; and <i>one
+to</i> is in like manner put for <i>unto</i>. The ending <i>-ith</i>
+(for <i>-ed</i>) is frequent in the past tense, and <i>-it</i> (also for
+<i>-ed</i>) in the past participle, though this distinction is not
+always observed. A&nbsp;still more noticeable ending is <i>-ing</i> (for
+<i>-en</i>) in the infinitive. Observe further that the letters
+<i>v</i>, <i>u</i>, and <i>w</i> are perfectly convertible, and used
+quite indiscriminately; so that <i>wpone</i> means <i>upon</i>;
+<i>vthir</i> means <i>uthir</i>, i.e<ins class = "correction"
+title = ". missing">.,</ins> <i>other</i>: <i>our</i> is put for <i>over</i>;
+<i>vounde</i> signifies <i>wound</i>, etc.]</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes1" id = "notes1">Page 1</a>, <a href = "#line20">line
+1</a>. <i>The soft morow.</i> This nominative case has no verb.
+A&nbsp;similar construction occurs in the first lines of Books II. and
+III.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line4">4.</a> <i>Uprisith&mdash;his hot
+courss</i>, Upriseth in his hot course; <i>chare</i>, chariot.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line4">6.</a> <i>sent</i>, sendeth; so also
+<i>stant</i>, standeth, <a href = "#line324">l.&nbsp;326</a>.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line8">8.</a> <i>valkyne</i>, waken.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line8">10.</a> <i>gyrss</i>, grass.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line8">11.</a> <i>assay</i>, assault.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line12">13.</a> <i>wox</i>, voice.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line16">17.</a> <i>frome I can</i>, from
+the time that I did.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line16">18.</a> <i>It deuit me</i>, it
+availed me. Jamieson gives “<i>Dow</i>, 1.&nbsp;to be able; A.S.
+<i>dugan</i> (<i>valere</i>), to be able. 2.&nbsp;to avail; Teut.
+<i>doogen</i>.”</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes2" id = "notes2">P. 2</a>, <a href = "#line20">l.
+23</a>. <i>hewy ȝerys</i>, heavy years.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line24">24.</a> “Until that Phœbus had
+thrice gone through his full circuits” (lit. spheres). See the peculiar
+use of “pas” in other places.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line24">26.</a> “So, by such a manner, was
+my lot fated;” see <a href = "#line40">l.&nbsp;41</a>.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line28">28.</a> <i>carving can</i>, did
+cut.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line28">30.</a> <i>be the morow</i>, by the
+morn.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line36">36.</a> <i>neulyngis</i>, newly,
+anew.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line40">43.</a> <i>walkith</i>, walked.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line48">50.</a> <i>I-clede</i>, y-clad,
+clad. Ch. has <i>clede</i>.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line52">54.</a> “No one within thought he
+could be seen by any wight outside.”</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes3" id = "notes3">P. 3</a>, <a href = "#line56">l.
+56</a>. <i>clos it</i>, enclose it; the MS. has <i>closit</i>.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line56">57.</a> <i>alphest.</i> This
+reading of the MS. is an error for <i>alcest</i>. See Chaucer, Prologue
+to Legend of good women, l.&nbsp;511:</p>
+
+<div class = "verse">
+<p>“The gret<i>e</i> goodnesse of the quene Alceste,</p>
+<p>That turned was into a dayesye,”</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class = "sub">Alceste being the contracted form of Alcestis.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line56">59.</a> <i>Wnclosing gane</i>, did
+unclose.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line60">60.</a> “The bright sun had
+illumined the spray, and
+<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page104" id =
+"page104">104</a></span>
+had updrawn (upwarped) into the lusty air the night’s soft (sober) and
+moist showers; and had made the morning soft, pleasant, and fair.” With
+this difficult passage we should compare <a href =
+"#line2476">l.&nbsp;2477</a>.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line64">66.</a> <i>Quhill</i>, until.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line64">67.</a> <i>till ony vicht</i>, to
+any wight.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line68">69.</a> <i>Bot gladness til the
+thochtful, euer mo</i>, etc., “But, as for gladness to the melancholy
+man, evermore the more he seeth of it, the more wo he hath.”</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line72">73.</a> <i>represent</i>,
+represented (accented on the second syllable).</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line72">74.</a> <i>Al day gan be sor</i>,
+etc., “All the day, my spirit began to dwell in torment, through sorrow
+of thought;” <i>be sor</i>, by sorrow (A.S. sorh).</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line76">77.</a> <i>Ore slep, or how I
+wot</i>, “Or sleep, ere I knew how.”</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line80">83.</a> <i>A-licht</i>,
+alighted.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line84">84.</a> <i>levis in to were</i>,
+livest in doubt.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes4" id = "notes4">P. 4</a>, <a href = "#line88">l.
+91</a>. <i>be morow</i>, by morrow; at early morn.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line96">99.</a> <i>set</i>, although.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line100">103.</a> <i>weil accordinge</i>,
+very fitting.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line104">105.</a> <i>long ore he be
+sonde</i>, (It is) long ere he be sound.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line108">108.</a> <i>seith, for to
+consel</i>, saith, that as for concealing or shewing, etc.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line108">109.</a> <i>althir-best</i>, lit.
+best of all; see Chaucer’s use of <i>alderfirst, alderlast</i>.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes5" id = "notes5">P. 5</a>, <a href = "#line124">l.
+127</a>. <i>lat be thi nyss dispare</i>, let be thy nice (foolish)
+despair.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line128">128.</a> <i>erith</i>, earth.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line132">134.</a> <i>schall hyme
+hating</i>, shall hate him. The termination <i>-ing</i> is here the sign
+of the infinitive mood after the verb <i>shall</i>.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line140">140.</a> <i>Set</i>, although.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line144">146.</a> <i>tak one hand and
+mak</i>, undertake and compose; <i>trety</i>, treatise; <i>vnkouth</i>,
+unknown, new.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line148">151.</a> <i>belevis</i>, believe
+will please thy lady.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line160">160.</a> <i>yis</i>, this.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes6" id = "notes6">P. 6</a>, <a href = "#line160">l.
+161</a>. <i>troucht</i>, truth.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line160">163.</a> <i>discharge</i>,
+release.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line168">170.</a> <i>spir</i>, sphere.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line168">171.</a> “At command of a wise
+(god from) whose vision,” etc. We sometimes find in old English the
+adjective “a&nbsp;wise” used absolutely for “a&nbsp;wise man.” See “Le
+Morte Arthur,” ed. F.&nbsp;J. Furnivall, l.&nbsp;3318.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line172">175.</a> <i>tynt</i>, lost.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line176">177.</a> <i>be this worldis
+fame</i>. Here again, as in many other passages, “be” expresses with
+relation to, as regards.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line184">185.</a> <i>yaim</i>, them.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line188">191.</a> <i>demande</i>,
+demur.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes7" id = "notes7">P. 7</a>, <a href = "#line196">l.
+198</a>. <i>Quhill</i>, until.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line200">200.</a> <i>conten</i>, treat;
+lit. contain.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line200">202.</a> Lancelot is here called
+the son of Ban, king of Albanak; so again in <a href =
+"#line1444">l.&nbsp;1447</a>.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line204">204.</a> <i>redis</i>, read.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line212">214.</a> “I will not waste my
+efforts thereupon.”</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line216">219.</a> <i>wnwyst</i>, unwist,
+unknown.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line224">225.</a> <i>nome</i>, name.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line224">226.</a> <i>Iwondit to the
+stak</i>, very deeply wounded; but there is no doubt about the origin of
+the phrase. See Glossary.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line228">228.</a> <i>astart</i>, get rid of
+it, escape it.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes8" id = "notes8">P. 8</a>, <a href = "#line240">l.
+240</a>. <i>dedenyt to aras</i>, deigned to pluck out.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line244">244.</a> <i>hurtare</i>,
+hurter.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line244">245.</a> <i>Iwond</i>,
+wounded.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line248">248.</a> <i>ful wicht</i>, full
+nimble.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line248">251.</a> <i>of quhome</i>, by
+whom.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line252">253.</a> <i>send</i>, sent.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line256">257.</a> <i>pasing vassolag</i>,
+surpassing prowess.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line260">260.</a> “Passed down into the
+fell caves.”</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line264">264.</a> <i>tane</i>, taken.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line264">266.</a> <i>cwre</i>, care.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes9" id = "notes9">P. 9</a>, <a href = "#line264">l.
+267</a>. <i>gart be maid</i>, caused to be made.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line268">271.</a> <i>awoue</i>, vow.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line272">275.</a> <i>in to that gret
+Revare</i>, in that great river.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line284">284.</a> <i>o gret confusione of
+pupil and knychtis</i>, al enarmyt, a&nbsp;great medley of people and
+knights, all fully armed. Stevenson actually reads <i>unarmyt!</i></p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line292">294.</a> <i>I wil report</i>; both
+here and in <a href = "#line320">l.&nbsp;320</a> we should almost expect
+to find “<i>I&nbsp;nil report</i>;” i.e. I&nbsp;will not tell. It must
+mean, “I&nbsp;will
+<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page105" id =
+"page105">105</a></span>
+tell you why I omit to mention these things.” Compare lines <a href =
+"#line264">266</a>, <a href = "#line320">320.</a></p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line296">297.</a> <i>thing</i>, think.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes10" id = "notes10">P. 10</a>, <a href = "#line304">l.
+305</a>. <i>veris</i>, wars.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line304">306.</a> <i>be the wais</i>, by
+the ways.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line304">307.</a> <i>Tuex</i>, betwixt;
+<i>accorde</i>, agreement.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line312">314.</a> <i>mot</i>, must.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line316">316.</a> <i>stek</i>,
+concluded.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line316">319.</a> <i>most conpilour</i>,
+very great composer.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line320">320.</a> “As to whose name I will
+only say, that it is unfit,” etc.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line324">326.</a> <i>stant</i>,
+standeth.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line328">328.</a> <i>yroung</i>, rung.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line328">330.</a> <i>beith</i>, shall be;
+observe the <i>future</i> sense of <i>beith</i> in this place.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line328">331.</a> <i>suet</i>, sweet.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line332">332.</a> “His soul in bliss
+preserved be on that account.”</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line332">334.</a> <i>and this endit.</i>
+Whether <i>endit</i> here refers to <i>inditing</i> or <i>ending</i> is
+perhaps doubtful.</p>
+
+
+<h3><a name = "notesI" id = "notesI">NOTES TO BOOK I.</a></h3>
+
+<p><a name = "notes11" id = "notes11">P. 11</a>, <a href = "#line336">l.
+336</a>. If by <i>aryeit</i> is here meant the <i>sign</i>, not the
+<i>constellation</i> of Aries, the day referred to is April 1 or&nbsp;2,
+according to Chaucer’s “Astrolabie.”</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line336">338.</a> <i>bewis</i>, boughs.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line340">340.</a> <i>makyne gone</i>, did
+make.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line340">341.</a> <i>in ther chere</i>,
+after their fashion. (For <i>chere</i>, see Glossary.)</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line344">345.</a> <i>auerding to</i>,
+belonging to.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line348">351.</a> <i>Anoit</i>,
+annoyed.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line352">352.</a> <i>For why</i>,
+wherefore; so also <i>for-thi</i>, therefore.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line352">354.</a> <i>can</i>, began.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line352">355.</a> <i>sende</i>, sent.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line356">358.</a> <i>heryng</i>, hear
+(infin. mood). In the next line it occurs as a present participle.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line360">362.</a> <i>to pas hyme</i>, to
+go, depart.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line364">364.</a> <i>meit</i>, to dream of;
+<i>aperans</i>, an appearance, apparition.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes12" id = "notes12">P. 12</a>, <a href = "#line364">l.
+365</a>. <i>hore</i>, hair.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line372">375.</a> <i>vombe</i>, womb; hence
+bowels.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line376">377.</a> <i>stert</i>,
+started.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line384">384.</a> <i>gert</i>, caused.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line388">390.</a> <i>traist</i>, trust.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line396">397.</a> <i>demande</i>, demur,
+delay.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line396">398.</a> <i>at</i>, that.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes13" id = "notes13">P. 13</a>, <a href = "#line404">l.
+407</a>. <i>whill</i>, until.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line408">408.</a> <i>the</i>, they.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line408">410.</a> <i>to viting</i>, to
+know.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line412">412.</a> <i>shauyth al hall</i>,
+sheweth all whole.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line412">414.</a> <i>chesith</i>,
+chooseth.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line420">422.</a> <i>shire</i>, sir.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line424">424.</a> <i>fore to awysing</i>,
+in order to take counsel. 432. All this about <i>astronomy</i> (i.e.
+astrology) should be compared with Gower; Conf. Amantis, lib. vii; ed.
+Pauli, vol. 3, pp.&nbsp;133, 134. Arachell, Nembrote, Moises, Hermes are
+there mentioned as astrologers.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line432">433.</a> The MS. has “set”
+(<i>not</i> with a long <i>s</i>). Mr Stevenson has “fet,” which would
+seem right.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes14" id = "notes14">P. 14</a>, <a href = "#line432">l.
+435</a>. <i>nembrot</i>, Nimrod; see <i>Genesis and Exodus</i>
+(E.E.T.S.), l.&nbsp;659.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line436">436.</a> <i>herynes</i>,
+miswritten for <i>herymes</i>, i.e. Hermes.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line436">439.</a> “The which they found
+were wondrously evil set.”</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line440">440.</a> <i>his sweuen met</i>,
+dreamed his dream.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line440">443.</a> <i>waryng in to were</i>,
+were in doubt.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line444">444.</a> <i>danger</i>, power to
+punish; compare Shakspere’s use of the word.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line456">457.</a> <i>but delay</i>, without
+delay.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line456">459.</a> <i>stondith heuy
+cherith</i>, stood heavy-cheered, was sad in his demeanour.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line464">465.</a> <i>fundyng</i>,
+found.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line464">466.</a> <i>depend to</i>, depend
+upon.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes15" id = "notes15">P. 15</a>, <a href = "#line472">l.
+475</a>. <i>tone</i>, taken.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line476">478.</a> <i>assey</i>, test.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line480">481.</a> <i>record</i>, to tell
+out, speak.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line484">487.</a> <i>preseruith It
+allan</i>, is preserved alone.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line496">499.</a> <i>affy in-tyll</i>, rely
+upon.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line500">500.</a> <i>failye</i>, fail.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line504">504.</a> <i>there clergy</i>,
+their science.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes16" id = "notes16">P. 16</a>, <a href = "#line516">l.
+519</a>. “Through the watery lion, who is also faithful,
+<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page106" id =
+"page106">106</a></span>
+and through the leech and eke the water also, and through the counsel of
+the flower.” It is very possible this passage is partly corrupt; <a href
+= "#line520">l.&nbsp;520</a> should certainly be (as may be seen from
+lines <a href = "#line2008">2010</a>, <a href =
+"#line2056">2056</a>),</p>
+
+<div class = "verse">
+<p>“And throuch the leich withouten medysyne.”</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>The meanings of lion, leech, and flower are fully explained, however,
+in lines <a href = "#line2012">2013-2120</a>.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line524">524.</a> <i>weyne</i>, vain.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line524">527.</a> <i>passid nat his
+thoght</i>, left not his thoughts.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line528">531.</a> <i>rachis</i>, braches,
+dogs.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line532">533.</a> <i>grewhundis</i>,
+grayhounds.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line536">536.</a> This purely conjectural
+line is merely inserted to carry on the sense. It is imitated from line
+3293. In the next line we should read “grewhundis,” rather than
+“grewhund.”</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line536">538.</a> <i>Befor ther hedis</i>,
+before their heads.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes17" id = "notes17">P. 17</a>, <a href = "#line544">l.
+545</a>. “All armed, as was then the fashion.”</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line544">546.</a> <i>salust</i>,
+saluted.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line548">548.</a> <i>kend</i>, known.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line548">549.</a> <i>leuyth</i>,
+liveth.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line552">552.</a> The rime requires “land,”
+as in <a href = "#line636">l.&nbsp;638</a>.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line552">553.</a> <i>yald hyme our</i>,
+yield him over.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line552">554.</a> <i>if tribut</i>, give
+tribute.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line564">566.</a> <i>recist</i>, resist;
+<i>mone bee</i>, must be.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line568">568.</a> <i>be</i>, by.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line568">569.</a> <i>day moneth day</i>,
+ere this day month; comp. <a href = "#line1160">l.&nbsp;1162</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes18" id = "notes18">P. 18</a>, <a href = "#line576">l.
+577</a>. <i>fairhed</i>, fair-hood, beauty.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line584">587.</a> <i>magre myne entent</i>,
+in spite of my intention.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line588">591.</a> <i>nome</i>, took.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line592">593.</a> <i>Inquere at</i>,
+inquire of.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line596">596.</a> <i>wes</i>, was.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line596">599.</a> <i>rase</i>, rose.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line604">605.</a> <i>accordith</i>, agree
+thereto.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line604">606.</a> <i>recordith</i>,
+belongith.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line604">607.</a> <i>visare</i>, wiser.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes19" id = "notes19">P. 19</a>, <a href = "#line620">l.
+621</a>. <i>This spek I lest</i>, this I list to speak.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line620">622.</a> <i>varnit</i>,
+warned.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line624">626.</a> “Though the season of the
+year was contrary.”</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line624">627.</a> <i>atte</i>, at the.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line628">629.</a> <i>the ilk</i>, that
+(Scotch <i>thilk</i>).</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line632">632.</a> <i>Melyhalt</i>, the name
+both of a hill, and of the town built upon it.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line636">636.</a> <i>affray</i>,
+terror.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line640">642.</a> <i>wnconquest</i>,
+unconquered.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line640">643.</a> <i>cwre</i>, care.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes20" id = "notes20">P. 20</a>, <a href = "#line648">l.
+649</a>. <i>nemmyt</i>, named.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line652">652.</a> <i>were</i>, war.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line652">654.</a> <i>or than to morn</i>,
+earlier than to-morrow.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line660">660.</a> <i>our few</i>, over
+few.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line676">677.</a> <i>northest</i>,
+north-east.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes21" id = "notes21">P. 21</a>, <a href = "#line684">l.
+686</a>. <i>fechteris</i>, fighters.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line688">688.</a> <i>holde</i>, held.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line688">691.</a> <i>presone</i>,
+prison.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line696">697.</a> <i>peite</i>, pity.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line696">699.</a> The metre of Lancelot’s
+lament is that of Chaucer’s “Cuckoo and Nightingale,” and was very
+possibly copied from it. <i>Qwhat haue y gilt</i>, what crime have I
+committed.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line700">702.</a> <i>ago</i>, gone.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line700">703.</a> <i>nat</i>, naught; <i>me
+glaid</i>, gladden me.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line704">706.</a> <i>til haue</i>, to
+have.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line708">709.</a> <i>Sen thelke tyme</i>,
+since that time.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes22" id = "notes22">P. 22</a>, <a href = "#line716">l.
+718</a>. <i>of remed</i>, for a remedy.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line716">719.</a> <i>sesith</i>,
+ceaseth.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line720">723.</a> <i>with this lady</i>, by
+this lady.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line728">728.</a> <i>laisere</i>,
+leisure.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line728">731.</a> <i>diuerss wais sere</i>,
+divers several ways.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line732">733.</a> <i>bur</i>, bore.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line732">735.</a> <i>cher</i>, car.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line740">740.</a> <i>dout</i>, to fear.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line744">745.</a> <i>but were</i>, without
+doubt. This expression often occurs.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes23" id = "notes23">P. 23</a>, <a href = "#line748">l.
+751</a>. <i>few menye</i>, small company; an oddly sounding expression
+to modern ears.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line752">753.</a> <i>cold</i>, called.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line752">754.</a> <i>hot</i>, hight, was
+named.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line752">755.</a> <i>but in his
+cumpany</i>, unless he had with him.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line756">757.</a> <i>He saith</i>; the
+speaker is the captain of the hundred knights, called in <a href =
+"#line804">l.&nbsp;806</a> <i>Maleginis</i>.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line768">768.</a> <i>als fell</i>, just as
+many.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line776">777.</a> <i>hard</i>, heard.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line780">781.</a> <i>clepit</i>,
+called.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page107" id =
+"page107">107</a></span>
+<p><a name = "notes24" id = "notes24">P. 24</a>, <a href = "#line792">l.
+793</a>, <i>as he wel couth</i>, as he well knew how.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line796">796.</a> <i>sen</i>, seen.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line800">800.</a> <i>sen</i>, since.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line804">806.</a> <i>was hot</i>, was
+hight, was named.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line808">809.</a> <i>In myde the borde and
+festinit in the stell</i>, In the midst they encounter, and fastened in
+the steel. See <a href = "#line848">l.&nbsp;850</a>.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line812">812.</a> <i>Rout</i>, company.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line812">815.</a> <i>ferde</i>, fourth.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line816">817.</a> <i>sauch thar latter
+batell steir</i>, saw their last division stir.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes25" id = "notes25">P. 25</a>, <a href = "#line820">l.
+820</a>. <i>gane his mortall fell.</i> A word seems here omitted; if
+after <i>mortall</i> we insert <i>strokis</i>, the sense will be, “His
+enemies began his <ins class = "correction"
+title = "spelling (modern) unchanged">mortall</ins> strokes to feel.”</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line824">825.</a> <i>worth</i>, worthy. It
+would improve the metre to read <i>worthy</i> (<a href =
+"#line872">l.&nbsp;875</a>).</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line828">828.</a> <i>In to were</i>, in
+war, in the strife.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line828">829.</a> <i>hyme bure</i>, bore
+himself.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line836">839.</a> <i>to-for</i>,
+heretofore.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line840">841.</a> <i>Atour</i>, i.e. <i>at
+over</i>, across.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line840">842.</a> <i>assall</i>, assault.
+The rime shews we should read <i>assaill</i>, as in <a href =
+"#line852">l.&nbsp;855</a>.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line848">849.</a> <i>socht atour</i>, made
+their way across. The use of <i>seke</i> in Early English is
+curious.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes26" id = "notes26">P. 26</a>, <a href = "#line860">l.
+861</a>. <i>setith his payn vpone</i>, devotes his endeavours to.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line868">868.</a> <i>al to-kerwith</i>,
+wholly cutteth in pieces.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line880">880.</a> <i>dirk</i>, dark.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line880">883.</a> <i>tan and slan</i>,
+taken and slain.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes27" id = "notes27">P. 27</a>, <a href = "#line892">l.
+895</a>. It frequently occurs in the MS. that a space is left at the
+beginning of a line, and the first letter of the line is omitted. It is
+evident that the intention was that the first letter should be
+illuminated, and that this, after all, was not done. Here, for instance,
+the T is omitted, as indicated by the square brackets. So also in
+<a href = "#line1080">l.&nbsp;1083</a>, etc.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line896">897.</a> <i>pasing home</i>, go
+home.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line896">899.</a> <i>was vent</i>, had
+gone.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line904">905.</a> <i>dulay</i>, delay. So
+also <i>duclar</i> for <i>declare</i>.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line904">907.</a> <i>comyne</i>, came.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line908">908.</a> <i>ill paid</i>,
+displeased.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line908">909.</a> <i>homly</i>, humbly.
+Stevenson reads <i>hourly</i>, but this is wrong; see <a href =
+"#line912">l.&nbsp;914</a>.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line908">911.</a> <i>carful</i>, full of
+care, unhappy.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line912">912.</a> <i>withouten were</i>,
+without doubt.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line912">914.</a> <i>lawly</i>, lowly.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line916">918.</a> <i>wight</i>, with
+(unusual, and perhaps wrong).</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes28" id = "notes28">P. 28</a>, <a href = "#line924">l.
+924</a>. <i>leife</i>, live.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line928">929.</a> <i>eft</i>, after.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line932">933.</a> <i>thar longith</i>,
+there belongeth.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line940">943.</a> <i>I was for til
+excuss</i>, I had some excuse.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line944">944.</a> “Because I did behove (to
+do it), out of very need.”</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line944">946.</a> <i>lefe it but</i>, leave
+it without.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line952">953.</a> <i>ma</i>, make.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line952">954.</a> <i>ga</i>, go.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line952">955.</a> <i>of new</i>, anew.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line956">958.</a> <i>But if that deth or
+other lat certan</i>, “Except it be owing to death or other sure
+hindrance.”</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes29" id = "notes29">P. 29</a>, <a href = "#line960">l.
+960</a>. <i>be hold</i>, be held. MS. <i>behold</i>. Stevenson suggested
+the alteration, which is certainly correct.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line960">961.</a> <i>withthy</i>, on the
+condition that.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line964">965.</a> <i>promyt</i>, promise;
+<i>als fast as</i>, as soon as.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line972">973.</a> <i>ferd</i>, fourth.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line980">982.</a> “Where we shall decide
+the end of this war.”</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes30" id = "notes30">P. 30</a>, <a href = "#line996">l.
+997</a>. <i>cag</i>, cage, prison.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line996">999.</a> <i>amen</i>,
+pleasant.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1000">1000.</a> <i>vodis</i>,
+woods.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1004">1004.</a> <i>lust</i>, pleasure
+(Ch.). But the line is obscure; unless we read “<i>diuersitee</i>.”</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1008">1009.</a> “His spirit started
+(owing to the) love (which) anon hath caught him,” etc.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1012">1012.</a> <i>at</i>, that.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1012">1014.</a> “(As to) whom they know
+not at all.”</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1016">1019.</a> <i>sen at</i>, since
+that.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1020">1022.</a> <i>the dewod</i>,
+devoid thee.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1024">1024.</a> <i>and</i>, if.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1024">1026.</a> <i>be ony mayne</i>, by
+any mean.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes31" id = "notes31">P. 31</a>, <a href =
+"#line1024">l. 1027</a>. <i>y red</i>, I advise.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1032">1035.</a> <i>To warnnyng</i>, to
+warn.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page108" id =
+"page108">108</a></span>
+
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1040">1040</a>. <i>our the furdis</i>,
+over the fords.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1044">1044.</a> <i>oyer.</i> So in MS.;
+the <i>y</i> representing the old <i>th</i> (<i>þ</i>); other.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1044">1046.</a> <i>hufyng</i>,
+halting.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1048">1050.</a> <i>worschip</i>,
+honour. “It were more expedient to maintain your honour.”</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1056">1058.</a> <i>wonk</i>,
+winked.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1060">1062.</a> <i>vare</i>, aware.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes32" id = "notes32">P. 32</a>, <a href =
+"#line1064">l. 1064</a>. The meaning of “ferst-conquest” is
+“first-conquered” (<i>conquest</i> being Old Fr. for conquered). It is
+explained in <a href = "#line1544">l.&nbsp;1547</a> as having been a
+title given to the king whom Galiot first subdued.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1064">1067.</a> <i>ferss</i>,
+fierce.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1068">1070.</a> <i>suppos</i>,
+although.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1072">1073.</a> <i>he</i>; viz. the
+shrew.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1076">1077.</a> The MS. has
+“ſched.”</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1080">1080.</a> <i>ymen</i>, I
+mean.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1092">1095.</a> <i>tais</i>, takes.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes33" id = "notes33">P. 33</a>, <a href =
+"#line1108">l. 1109</a>. <ins class = "correction"
+title = "t illegible: restored from body text"><i>Galyot</i></ins> put for <i>Galiotes</i>,
+the genitive case-ending being often omitted, after a proper name
+especially.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1108">1110.</a> <i>prewit</i>, proved,
+tried.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1128">1129.</a> <i>traist</i>,
+trust.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1128">1131.</a> <i>that euery thing
+hath cure</i>, that (of) everything hath care.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes34" id = "notes34">P. 34</a>, <a href =
+"#line1132">l. 1135</a>. “Aye from the time that the sun began to light
+the world’s face, until he was gone.”</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1136">1137.</a> <i>o forss</i>,
+perforce.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1140">1141.</a> <i>taiis</i>,
+takes.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1140">1142.</a> <i>hecht</i>,
+promised.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1148">1151.</a> <i>failȝeis</i>,
+fail.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1152">1154.</a> <i>fet</i>,
+fetched.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1156">1156.</a> <i>stant</i>,
+standeth.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1160">1162.</a> <i>resput</i>,
+respite.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1164">1166.</a> <i>very knychtis
+passing</i>, weary knights go.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes35" id = "notes35">P. 35</a>, <a href =
+"#line1168">l. 1170</a>. <i>till spere</i>, to inquire.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1176">1177.</a> <i>ne wor his
+worschip</i>, had it not been for his valour.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1184">1187.</a> <i>qwheyar</i>,
+whether.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1188">1191-4</a>. “And fond,” etc.
+These four lines are now for the first time printed. They were omitted
+by Stevenson, evidently by accident.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1196">1196.</a> <i>Per dee.</i> Fr.
+<i>par Dieu</i>: an oath common in old ballads, generally in the form
+<i>pardy</i>.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1196">1197.</a> <i>vsyt</i>, used.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1196">1198.</a> “I advise that we go
+unto his arms” (armour).</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1200">1203.</a> <i>haill</i>,
+whole.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes36" id = "notes36">P. 36</a>, <a href =
+"#line1204">l. 1207</a>. <i>abwsyt</i>, abused, i.e. made an ill use
+of.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1208">1208.</a> <i>vsyt</i>, used.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1208">1209.</a> <i>suppos the best that
+lewis</i>, even though (it were) the best that lives.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1216">1217.</a> <i>on slep</i>, asleep.
+The prefix <i>a-</i> in English is due to the Saxon <i>on</i>.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1220">1221.</a> <i>al to-hurt</i>, etc.
+See note in Glossary on the word <i>To-kerwith</i>.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1224">1225.</a> <i>sauch</i>, saw;
+<i>rewit</i>, rued, pitied.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1232">1233.</a> <i>one syd a lyt</i>, a
+little on one side.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1236">1236.</a> <i>our mekill</i>, over
+much.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes37" id = "notes37">P. 37</a>, <a href =
+"#line1240">l. 1240</a>. <i>yarof</i>, thereof.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1240">1241.</a> <i>ruput</i>, repute,
+think.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1240">1242.</a> <i>ablare</i>, abler,
+readier.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1252">1253.</a> Insert a comma after
+<i>thret</i>, and destroy that after <i>lowe</i>. The meaning perhaps
+is, “But what if he be appealed to and threatened, and (meanwhile) his
+heart be elsewhere set to love.” Observe that <i>and</i> is often the
+third or fourth word in the sentence it should begin. See <a href =
+"#line2832">l.&nbsp;2833</a>.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1256">1258.</a> <i>ȝhe tyne yowr
+low</i>, you lose your love.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1260">1260.</a> <i>conclusit</i>,
+ended.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1264">1265.</a> <i>mokil</i>, much.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1268">1268.</a> <i>of new</i>, anew,
+again.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1272">1273.</a> <i>pan</i>, pain.</p>
+
+
+<h3><a name = "notesII" id = "notesII">NOTES TO BOOK II.</a></h3>
+
+<p><a name = "notes38" id = "notes38">P. 38</a>, <a href =
+"#line1276">l. 1279</a>. <i>thocht</i>, anxiety.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1284">1284.</a> <i>apperans</i>, i.e.
+vision, as in <a href = "#line364">l.&nbsp;364</a>.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1292">1295.</a> <i>aqwynt</i>,
+acquainted; Burns uses <i>acquent</i>.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1296">1297.</a> <i>com</i>, coming.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page109" id =
+"page109">109</a></span>
+<p><a name = "notes39" id = "notes39">P. 39</a>, <a href =
+"#line1316">l. 1316</a>. “So far out of the way you go in your course.”
+Compare <a href = "#line1796">l.&nbsp;1797</a>.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1316">1317.</a> “Thy ship, that goeth
+upon the stormy surge, nigh of thy revels (i.e. because of thy revels)
+in the gulf it falls, where it is almost drowned in the peril.”</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1320">1321.</a> “In the wretched dance
+of wickedness.” See the curious uses of the word “daunce” in
+Chaucer.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1320">1323.</a> <i>the son</i>, thee
+soon.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1328">1330.</a> <i>powert</i>, poverty;
+<i>as the-selwyne wat</i>, as thyself knows.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1332">1334.</a> <i>in to spousag</i>,
+in wedlock.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes40" id = "notes40">P. 40</a>, <a href =
+"#line1340">l. 1343</a>. The word <i>diuerss</i> is required to complete
+the line; cf. <a href = "#line728">l.&nbsp;731</a>.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1352">1352.</a> <i>suppriss</i>,
+oppression.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1352">1354.</a> <i>wedwis</i>,
+widows.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1364">1367.</a> <i>that ilke</i>, that
+same.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1368">1369.</a> <i>sufferith</i>,
+makest to suffer.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes41" id = "notes41">P. 41</a>, <a href =
+"#line1376">l. 1379</a>. Eccles. iv. 9, 10.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1384">1387.</a> <i>yow mone</i>, thou
+must.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1392">1392.</a> <i>her-efter leif</i>,
+hereafter live.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1400">1401.</a> A comma is scarcely
+needed after “<i>sapiens</i>.” It means “The fear of the Lord is the
+beginning of wisdom.” Prov. ix. 10.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes42" id = "notes42">P. 42</a>, <a href =
+"#line1408">l. 1409</a>. <i>to ryng wnder his pess</i>, to reign under
+His peace, by His permission. Roquefort gives <i>pais</i>, licence,
+permission.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1420">1420.</a> <i>arour</i>,
+error.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1424">1427.</a> <i>leful</i>,
+lawful.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes43" id = "notes43">P. 43</a>, <a href =
+"#line1444">l. 1447</a>. Ban, king of Albanak, was Lancelot’s father.
+See <a href = "#line200">l.&nbsp;202</a>, <a href =
+"#line1448">1450.</a></p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1472">1474.</a> The MS. has
+“aſſit.”</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes44" id = "notes44">P. 44</a>, <a href =
+"#line1488">l. 1491</a>. <i>tak the bak apone themself</i>, turn their
+backs.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1500">1500.</a> <i>yewyne</i>,
+given.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1504">1504.</a> <i>till</i>, to;
+redundant.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1504">1506.</a> <i>stand aw</i>, stand
+in awe. So also in <a href = "#line2684">l.&nbsp;2684</a>. The same
+expression occurs in <i>The Bruce</i>, iii. 62, ed. Pinkerton,
+p.&nbsp;42, ed. Jamieson; and also in <i>Havelok</i>, l.&nbsp;277, where
+the word <i>in</i>, supplied from conjecture, should be struck out.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes45" id = "notes45">P. 45</a>, <a href =
+"#line1536">l. 1537</a>. <i>throw his peple</i>, by his people.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1540">1541.</a> <i>Thus falith not</i>,
+etc., “Except wise conduct falleth to a king.”</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1544">1546.</a> It may be right to
+retain the spelling of the MS.&mdash;“kinghe;” for, though strange and
+unusual, it occurs again in <a href = "#line2524">l.&nbsp;2527</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes46" id = "notes46">P. 46</a>, <a href =
+"#line1556">l. 1556</a>. <i>wende</i>, weened.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1560">1560.</a> <i>in to his
+contrare</i>, against him.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1568">1568.</a> <i>trewis</i>,
+truce.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1572">1575.</a> <i>his powar</i>, his
+chief army.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1576">1576.</a> <i>by the yhere</i>, by
+the ear, privately.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1576">1579.</a> <i>cold</i>, called; as
+in <a href = "#line752">l.&nbsp;753</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes47" id = "notes47">P. 47</a>, <a href =
+"#line1596">l. 1597</a>. <i>home fair</i>, go home.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1608">1608.</a> <i>And</i>; redundant
+in modern English. For many of the precepts given by Amytans the author
+must have been indebted to Gower, or, at any rate, to the author of the
+<i>Secreta Secretorum</i>. See Gower; Conf. Amantis; ed. Pauli, lib.
+vii; vol. 3, pp.&nbsp;152-159. And cf. Tyrwhitt’s note to the Canterbury
+Tales, l.&nbsp;16915; and Warton’s Hist. Eng. Poetry.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes48" id = "notes48">P. 48</a>, <a href =
+"#line1628">l. 1628</a>. <i>lest</i>, least; <i>low</i>, law. It
+requires care to distinguish the two meanings of <i>low</i>, viz.
+<i>love</i> and <i>law</i>.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1632">1633.</a> <i>Iug</i>, judge.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes49" id = "notes49">P. 49</a>, <a href =
+"#line1660">l. 1660</a>. <i>sar</i>, sorely.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1664">1666.</a> A line omitted. The
+inserted line is purely conjectural.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes50" id = "notes50">P. 50</a>, <a href =
+"#line1704">l. 1704</a>. <i>pupelle</i>, people.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1708">1708.</a> <i>Inwyus</i>,
+envious.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1716">1716.</a> <i>longith</i>,
+belongeth.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1716">1717.</a> <i>the lykith</i>, it
+likes thee, thou art pleased.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes51" id = "notes51">P. 51</a>, <a href =
+"#line1724">l. 1724</a>. <i>betak til hyme</i>, confer upon him.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1728">1730.</a> <i>essy</i>,
+<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page110" id =
+"page110">110</a></span>
+easy.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1736">1736.</a> <i>for the nonis</i>,
+for the occasion. See White’s Ormulum.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1736">1739.</a> <i>vn to the vorthi pur
+yow if</i>, unto the worthy poor thou give.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1740">1742.</a> <i>set nocht of gret
+substans</i>, though not of great value.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1752">1754.</a> <i>alowit</i>, approved
+of.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes52" id = "notes52">P. 52</a>, <a href =
+"#line1760">l. 1761</a>. <i>tynith</i>, loseth.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1760">1763.</a> <i>atonis</i>, at
+once.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1768">1771.</a> <i>resawe</i>,
+receive.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1772">1773.</a> <i>with two</i>,
+also.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes53" id = "notes53">P. 53</a>, <a href =
+"#line1788">l. 1791</a>. <i>well less, al-out</i>, much less,
+altogether. The punctuation hereabouts in Stevenson’s edition is very
+wild.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1792">1795.</a> <i>wys</i>, vice;
+<i>the wrechitness</i>, thy miserliness.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1796">1797.</a> <i>pass the courss</i>,
+go thy way.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1808">1808.</a> <i>vrech</i>, wretch;
+but here used instead of <i>miser</i>.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1812">1812.</a> <i>viss</i>, vice.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1812">1814.</a> <i>ben y-knawith</i>,
+are known (to be) (?).</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1812">1815.</a> <i>dant</i>, daunt.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1820">1822.</a> <i>the ton</i>, the
+one.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes54" id = "notes54">P. 54</a>, <a href =
+"#line1832">l. 1832</a>. <i>beis var</i>, beware.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1832">1834.</a> <i>colde</i>, cool.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1852">1852.</a> <i>onys</i>, once.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1852">1855.</a> <i>whar-throw</i>,
+through which, whereby.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes55" id = "notes55">P. 55</a>, <a href =
+"#line1864">l. 1864</a>, <i>awn</i>, own. The metre requires the more
+usual form <i>awin</i>.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1876">1879.</a> <i>dispolȝeith</i>,
+despoileth.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1880">1881.</a> <i>For-quhi</i>,
+wherefore. In this line the MS. has “scrikth.”</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes56" id = "notes56">P. 56</a>, <a href =
+"#line1896">l. 1899</a>. <i>most nedis</i>, must needs. <i>Ye</i> =
+<i>the</i>; i.e. The one, He.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1908">1909.</a> <i>Mot</i>, might.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1916">1917.</a> <i>in</i> should be
+<i>into</i>, as elsewhere.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes57" id = "notes57">P. 57</a>, <a href =
+"#line1940">l. 1940</a>. <i>havith</i>, hath.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1948">1950.</a> <i>hot</i>, hight, is
+called.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes58" id = "notes58">P. 58</a>, <a href =
+"#line1964">l. 1966</a>. <i>wnepwnist</i>, unpunished.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line1988">1990.</a> <i>omend</i>, amend;
+<i>spill</i>, destroy.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes59" id = "notes59">P. 59</a>, <a href =
+"#line2008">l. 2011</a>. <i>ayre</i>, are.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2012">2012.</a> <i>duclar</i>, declare;
+so also <i>dulay</i> for delay.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2016">2017.</a> <i>the god werray</i>,
+the Very God.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes60" id = "notes60">P. 60</a>, <a href =
+"#line2036">l. 2036</a>. <i>For-quhi</i>, wherefore.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2040">2040.</a> <i>mad</i>, made.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2040">2041.</a> <i>clergy</i>,
+science.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2060">2062.</a> <i>be the mycht
+dewyne</i>, by the might divine.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes61" id = "notes61">P. 61</a>, <a href =
+"#line2068">l. 2069</a>. <i>far</i>, fare.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2076">2079.</a> <i>helyth frome the
+ground</i>, heals from the bottom; i.e. effectually.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2100">2100.</a> <i>not sessith</i>, who
+ceaseth not.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes62" id = "notes62">P. 62</a>, <a href =
+"#line2104">l. 2107</a>. <i>Ne war</i>, were it not for; <i>hartly</i>,
+hearty; it occurs again four lines below.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2132">2135.</a> <i>yneuch</i>, enough.
+He means he will ask but one question more.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes63" id = "notes63">P. 63</a>, <a href =
+"#line2148">l. 2148</a>. <i>To passing home</i>, to go home.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2160">2162.</a> <i>the </i>xxiiij<i>
+day</i>. The first <i>i</i> in the MS. is like a “v” smudged over; we
+should read “xxiiij,” as in <a href = "#line2152">l.&nbsp;2155</a>. The
+contraction is to be read <i>four and twentieth</i>, not
+<i>twenty-fourth</i>; so also in <a href =
+"#line608">l.&nbsp;610</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes64" id = "notes64">P. 64</a>, <a href =
+"#line2188">l. 2190</a>. <i>hal dure</i>, hall door.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2192">2192.</a> <i>o iorne most for to
+comend</i>, a journey most to be commended.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2192">2194.</a> <i>lowith</i>,
+love.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes65" id = "notes65">P. 65</a>, <a href =
+"#line2212">l. 2212</a>. <i>the fewar eschef thay</i>, the less they
+achieve.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2228">2229.</a> “For no adventure will
+prove so great, that ye shall not achieve it.”</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2240">2241.</a> <i>whill</i>,
+until.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes66" id = "notes66">P. 66</a>, <a href =
+"#line2244">l. 2247</a>. <i>galot</i>; so in MS.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2264">2265.</a> <i>grant mercy</i>,
+great thanks; Fr. <i>grand merci</i>.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2264">2267.</a> <i>quhy</i>,
+because.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes67" id = "notes67">P. 67</a>, <a href =
+"#line2276">l. 2279</a>. <i>thithingis</i>, tidings; probably an error
+of the scribe for <i>tithingis</i>. Stevenson has <i>chichingis</i>!</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2284">2284.</a> <i>al-out</i>,
+altogether.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2304">2304.</a> <i>oft syss</i>,
+oft-times. See Glossary (<i>Syss</i>).</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2304">2306.</a> <i>dante</i>,
+dainty.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2308">2310.</a> <i>tithandis</i>,
+tidings; compare <a href = "#line2276">l.&nbsp;2279</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes68" id = "notes68">P. 68</a>, <a href =
+"#line2320">l. 2323</a>. <i>aw</i>, owe.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2328">2328.</a> <i>fantessy</i>, fancy,
+notion.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2332">2334.</a>
+<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page111" id =
+"page111">111</a></span>
+<i>for no why</i>, for no reason.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2336">2337.</a> <i>mon I fair</i>, must
+I go.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2336">2338.</a> <i>our son It
+waire</i>, over soon it were.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2340">2342.</a> <i>For-quhy</i>,
+because.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes69" id = "notes69">P. 69</a>, <a href =
+"#line2352">l. 2352</a>. <i>nor</i> has the force of <i>but</i>.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2364">2366.</a> <i>be ony men</i>, by
+any means.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2368">2368.</a> <i>on of tho</i>, one
+of them.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2372">2375.</a> <i>chen of low</i>,
+chain of love.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2376">2376.</a> <i>and if ȝhe may
+deren</i>, an if you may declare.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes70" id = "notes70">P. 70</a>, <a href =
+"#line2408">l. 2409</a>. <i>hartly raquer</i>, heartily require.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2416">2416.</a> <i>gar ordan</i>, cause
+to be provided.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes71" id = "notes71">P. 71</a>, <a href =
+"#line2428">l. 2428</a>. <i>prewaly disspone</i>, privily dispose.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2436">2436.</a> <ins class =
+"correction"
+title = "body text has separate words"><i>ellis-quhat</i></ins>; I suppose this means, “he was on fire
+<i>elsewhere</i>.”</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2448">2448.</a> <i>hamlynes</i>,
+homeliness.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2452">2452.</a> <i>fest throw al the
+ȝher eliche</i>, feast through all the year alike.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes72" id = "notes72">P. 72</a>, <a href =
+"#line2468">l. 2469</a>. <i>commend</i>, commended.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2468">2470.</a> <i>he drywith</i>, he
+driveth, pursueth. The reading is not <i>drawith</i>, as in
+Stevenson.</p>
+
+
+<h3><a name = "notesIII" id = "notesIII">NOTES TO BOOK III.</a></h3>
+
+<p><a name = "notes73" id = "notes73">P. 73</a>, <a href =
+"#line2468">l. 2471</a>. This line is too long, and the sense imperfect;
+but there is no doubt about the reading of the MS.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2472">2474.</a> <i>Awodith</i>,
+expels.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2472">2475.</a> <i>doune valis</i>,
+falls down; for it is evident that <i>valis</i> is an error for
+<i>falis</i>, the mistake having arisen from confusion with the
+succeeding line.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2480">2480.</a> <i>cled</i>, clad.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2484">2487.</a> <i>bygown</i>, begun.
+In the next line Stevenson has <i>sown</i>; but the true reading is
+<i>Rown</i>, run; as in <a href = "#line2820">l.&nbsp;2820</a>.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2492">2492.</a> <i>barnag</i>,
+baronage, nobility.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes74" id = "notes74">P. 74</a>, <a href =
+"#line2520">l. 2522</a>. <i>but dulay</i>, without delay; <i>the</i>,
+they.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2524">2524.</a> <i>thar com</i>, their
+coming.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2528">2530.</a> <i>in the dogre</i>, in
+its (due) degree.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes75" id = "notes75">P. 75</a>, <a href =
+"#line2544">l. 2545</a>. <i>Or that</i>, ere that.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2552">2552.</a> <i>he and hate</i>,
+high and hot.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2556">2558.</a> <i>the can</i>, they
+began.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes76" id = "notes76">P. 76</a>, <a href =
+"#line2572">l. 2574</a>. <i>hyme mak</i>, prepare himself; or perhaps
+simply, make (for the field), go.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2580">2582.</a> <i>helmys last</i>;
+<i>last</i> clearly means <i>laced</i>; see <a href =
+"#line2248">l.&nbsp;2250</a>.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2592">2594.</a> <i>Ȝhit</i>,
+although.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2596">2599.</a> <i>dout</i>, fear.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2600">2600.</a> <i>is assemblit</i>,
+made an attack. The peculiar use of <i>assemble</i> must always be borne
+in mind.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2600">2601.</a> <i>erd</i>, earth.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes77" id = "notes77">P. 77</a>, <a href =
+"#line2612">l. 2612</a>. <i>found till gwyans</i>, go to Gwyans.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2612">2614.</a> <i>til esquyris thei
+sewyt</i>, after Esquyris they followed.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2616">2619.</a> <i>one to the melle
+socht</i>, made their way to the mêlée.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2624">2627.</a> <i>don bore</i>, borne
+down.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2628">2630.</a> Fifty thousand. It
+would appear that Galiot had 40,000, of whom 10,000 were held <i>in
+reserve</i>; so that in <a href = "#line2632">l.&nbsp;2632</a> only
+30,000 are mentioned. See <a href = "#line2564">l.&nbsp;2569</a>,
+<a href = "#line2644">2647.</a></p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes78" id = "notes78">P. 78</a>, <a href =
+"#line2644">l. 2646</a>. <i>ten</i>, sorrow, vexation.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2656">2656.</a> <i>resauf</i>,
+receive.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2660">2663.</a> <i>at thar come</i>, at
+their coming; <i>led</i>, put down.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2668">2670.</a> <i>biding one the
+bent</i>, abide on the grassy plain.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes79" id = "notes79">P. 79</a>, <a href =
+"#line2676">l. 2679</a>. “That, despite their efforts, they must needs
+retire.”</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2684">2684.</a> <i>stud aw</i>, stood
+in awe; see note to <a href = "#line1504">l.&nbsp;1506</a>.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2692">2693, 4</a>. These lines do not
+rime. But we should certainly read <i>felde</i>, <i>erde</i> having
+slipped in from confusion with <a href = "#line2688">l.&nbsp;2691</a>.
+The knight of Galloway goes <i>to the field</i>, i.e. joins battle.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page112" id =
+"page112">112</a></span>
+<p><a name = "notes80" id = "notes80">P. 80</a>, <a href =
+"#line2712">l. 2712</a>. <i>On ayar half</i>, on either side. The MS.
+omits <i>to</i>.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2712">2713.</a> <i>of</i>, off.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2712">2714.</a> <i>noiss</i>, nose.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2728">2731.</a> <i>Bot nocht
+forthi</i>, But not on that account.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes81" id = "notes81">P. 81</a>, <a href =
+"#line2752">l. 2754</a>. <i>harmys</i>, loss.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2760">2761.</a> <i>aucht to ses</i>,
+ought to cease.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2764">2765.</a> <i>at</i>, that.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2768">2768.</a> <i>my lef</i>, my
+leave, permission.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2768">2770.</a> <i>in to cage</i>, in
+prison.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes82" id = "notes82">P. 82</a>, <a href =
+"#line2800">l. 2802</a>. <i>commandit</i>, commended.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes83" id = "notes83">P. 83</a>, <a href =
+"#line2816">l. 2819</a>. <i>one athir half</i>, on either side.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2820">2820.</a> <i>rown</i>, run.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2820">2821.</a> <i>howyns</i>; an
+ungrammatical form; perhaps <i>howyng</i> is meant.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2824">2827.</a> <i>one hycht</i>, on
+height; i.e. aloud.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2828">2829.</a> <i>sterith</i>,
+stirreth.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2832">2833.</a> “The lady of Melyhalt
+made (her way) to him, and immediately caused his couch to be placed
+before a window.” Mr Stevenson reads,</p>
+
+<div class = "verse">
+<p>“Of Melyhalt the lady to hyme maid</p>
+<p>Incontinent his couche, and gart he<a class = "tag" name = "tagN1" id
+= "tagN1" href = "#noteN1">1</a> had,” etc.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class = "sub">i.e. “The lady immediately made his bed for him,”
+etc.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2840">2841.</a> <i>wencust</i>,
+vanquished. After this word we should perhaps insert “at,” as in <a href
+= "#line3336">l.&nbsp;3336</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes84" id = "notes84">P. 84</a>, <a href =
+"#line2876">ll. 2877-2880</a>. These lines were printed by me for the
+first time, four lines having been here again omitted by Mr
+Stevenson.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2880">2880.</a> <i>but weyne</i>,
+without doubt.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2884">2884.</a> <i>to led and
+stere</i><ins class = "correction"
+title = ", missing or invisible">,&nbsp;</ins>to lead and direct.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes85" id = "notes85">P. 85</a>, <a href =
+"#line2892">l. 2893</a>. <i>Endlong</i>, along.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2892">2894.</a> <i>weryne</i>,
+were.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2912">2913.</a> <i>let</i>, hinder.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes86" id = "notes86">P. 86</a>, <a href =
+"#line2924">l. 2925</a>. <i>dulay</i>, delay; as in several other
+places.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2936">2938.</a> <i>fek</i>, effect.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2944">2944.</a> <i>ȝude</i>, went.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2944">2947.</a> <i>fair</i>,
+welfare.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes87" id = "notes87">P. 87</a>, <a href =
+"#line2964">l. 2964</a>. <i>Whill</i>, until.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2968">2970.</a> <i>ho</i>, stop,
+pause.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2968">2971.</a> <i>veryng In
+affray</i>, were in terror.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2972">2972.</a> <i>rovm</i>, room.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2976">2978.</a> <i>socht</i>, made his
+way.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line2984">2984.</a> <i>disponit</i>,
+intends; but we must insert “not,” to complete the sense and the
+metre.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes88" id = "notes88">P. 88</a>, <a href =
+"#line2996">l. 2998</a>. <i>eschevit</i> (used passively), is
+achieved.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3000">3003.</a> <i>o knycht</i>, a
+single knight.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3004">3005.</a> <i>tais</i>, takes.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3004">3006.</a> <i>fays</i>, foes.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3012">3013.</a> <i>onys or the
+nycht</i>, once ere the night.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3012">3015.</a> <i>that ȝhe have gilt
+to mend</i>, to amend that in which ye have trespassed.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes89" id = "notes89">P. 89</a>, <a href =
+"#line3052">l. 3052</a>. <i>Do at I may</i>, Do that which I can.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes90" id = "notes90">P. 90</a>, <a href =
+"#line3064">l. 3065</a>. This line is printed by Mr Stevenson,</p>
+
+<div class = "verse">
+<p>“Curag can [ &nbsp; &nbsp; ] encresing in<a class = "error" name =
+"tagN2" id = "tagN2" href = "#noteN2"
+title = "text has ‘1’ for ‘2’">2</a> his hart”;</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>but it is not clear that a word is wanting, for the metre is as
+complete as in many other lines; whilst, as regards the sense, “the
+knycht” is probably a nominative without a verb, and <a href =
+"#line3064">l.&nbsp;3065</a> means, “Courage did increase in his heart.”
+Or the reader may, if he pleases, insert “fele.” Compare <a href =
+"#line3056">l.&nbsp;3058</a>.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3064">3066.</a> <i>lap</i>, leaped.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3076">3079.</a> Observe the omission of
+the word “neither” in this line.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3080">3080.</a> <i>persit</i>,
+pierced.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3084">3086.</a> <i>onan</i>, anon. A.S.
+<i>on-án</i>.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page113" id =
+"page113">113</a></span>
+<p><a name = "notes91" id = "notes91">P. 91</a>, <a href =
+"#line3092">l. 3093</a>. <i>In samyne will</i>, with like intent.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3100">3100.</a> <i>bet axampil</i>,
+better example.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3104">3104.</a> <i>bot</i>, unless;
+<i>me fall</i>, befall me.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3108">3108.</a> <i>one vthir</i>,
+another.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3120">3120.</a> <i>send</i>, sent.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3120">3121.</a> <i>lewit one</i>, left
+one.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3120">3122.</a> <i>but mercy</i>,
+without mercy.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes92" id = "notes92">P. 92</a>, <a href =
+"#line3132">l. 3134</a>. <i>deliuer besynes</i>, clever readiness.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3136">3136.</a> <i>aray</i>,
+livery.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3140">3140.</a> <i>Ee</i>, eye.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3144">3146.</a> <i>the morow new</i>,
+the early morning.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3160">3160.</a> <i>deith</i>, dead.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3160">3162.</a> <i>Suppos</i>,
+although.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes93" id = "notes93">P. 93</a>, <a href =
+"#line3176">l. 3178</a>. <i>Nor</i>; we now use <i>but</i>.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3184">3184.</a> <i>ward</i>; see
+Glossary. <i>tho</i>, then.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes94" id = "notes94">P. 94</a>, <a href =
+"#line3200">l. 3200</a>. <i>relewit</i>, relieved.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3200">3201.</a> <i>diuerss placis
+sere</i>; as <i>sere</i> = <i>diuerss</i>, one of these words is
+redundant. So in <a href = "#line3264">l.&nbsp;3266</a>.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3204">3207.</a> <i>ewil awysit</i>, ill
+advised.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3216">3217.</a> “And if it so happen,
+that they be discomfited.”</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes95" id = "notes95">P. 95</a>, <a href =
+"#line3240">l. 3240</a>. <i>leuch</i>, laughed; <i>sarues</i>,
+service.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3244">3246.</a> <i>al haill</i>, all
+whole.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3248">3248.</a> <i>x thousand mo</i>,
+ten thousand, and more.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3256">3259.</a> <i>abaid</i>,
+delay.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3260">3263.</a> <i>aucht</i>,
+eight.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3264">3265.</a> <i>petws for til
+her</i>, piteous to hear.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes96" id = "notes96">P. 96</a>, <a href =
+"#line3296">l. 3297</a>. <i>dreuch</i>, drew.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3296">3299.</a> <i>fellit</i>,
+fallen.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3304">3304.</a> <i>levyng</i>,
+leave.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes97" id = "notes97">P. 97</a>, <a href =
+"#line3304">l. 3307</a>. <i>sest</i>, ceased.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3320">3321.</a> <i>askit at</i>, asked
+of.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3328">3331.</a> <i>Wencussith</i>,
+vanquisheth.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3340">3340.</a> <i>in to one</i>,
+continually; which is sometimes the sense of A.S. <i>on-án</i>.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes98" id = "notes98">P. 98</a>, <a href =
+"#line3352">l. 3353</a>. <i>to fillyng</i>, to fulfil.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3356">3357.</a> <i>soght</i>, came on;
+see Glossary.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3356">3359.</a> <i>Ne war</i>, etc.,
+“Had it not been that they were, individually, the better men.”</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3364">3364.</a> <i>ralef</i>,
+relieve.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3368">3368.</a> <i>fellith</i>,
+feeleth.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes99" id = "notes99">P. 99</a>, <a href =
+"#line3384">l. 3384</a>. <i>virslyng</i>, wrestling, <i>i.e.</i>
+entangled with; a&nbsp;strong expression!</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3384">3385.</a> <i>assalȝeing</i>,
+assail.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3388">3390.</a> <i>rowmyth</i>,
+roometh, emptieth.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3400">3403.</a> <i>departit</i>,
+parted.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3404">3404.</a> <i>dout</i>, fear.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes100" id = "notes100">P. 100</a>, <a href =
+"#line3412">l. 3412</a>. <i>left</i>, failed.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3420">3423.</a> <i>The lord</i>, i.e.
+Galiot, as I suppose; Mr Stevenson has, “The Lord.”</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3428">3430.</a> <i>stere</i>, to stir,
+move, come.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes101" id = "notes101">P. 101</a>, <a href =
+"#line3448">l. 3450</a>. <i>pretendit</i>, endeavour.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3456">3457.</a> <i>occupye</i>,
+employ.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3460">3461.</a> <i>For one hour</i>,
+etc., “On account of suffering distress for one hour.”</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3468">3470.</a> <i>the well less</i>,
+much less; see <a href = "#line1788">l.&nbsp;1791</a>.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3468">3471.</a> <i>berd</i>, beard.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3472">3473.</a> <i>o woyss</i>, one
+voice.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3472">3475.</a> <i>eschef frome
+yhow</i>, not, <i>win</i> from you; but, <i>withdraw</i> himself from
+you. See Glossary.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "notes102" id = "notes102">P. 102</a>, <a href =
+"#line3480">l. 3481</a>. <i>wend thai var no mo</i>, thought they were
+no more.</p>
+<p class = "sub"><a href = "#line3484">3487.</a> <i>And sich
+enconter</i>, and such encounter. These three words are written at the
+bottom of the page as a catchword. The rest of the MS. is wanting.</p>
+
+<div class = "footnote">
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteN1" id = "noteN1" href = "#tagN1">1</a>
+But the MS. has “be;” also “melyhat” instead of “Melyhalt.”</p>
+
+<p><a class = "tag" name = "noteN2" id = "noteN2" href = "#tagN2">2</a>
+MS. has “to.”</p>
+</div>
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div class = "glossary">
+
+<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page114" id =
+"page114">114</a></span>
+
+<h2><a name = "glossary" id = "glossary">GLOSSARIAL INDEX.</a></h2>
+
+<hr class = "tiny">
+
+<p class = "inset">
+[As many of the words occurring in “Lancelot” are well explained either
+in Jamieson’s Scottish Dictionary or in Roquefort’s “Glossaire de la
+langue Romane,” I&nbsp;have frequently referred to these works by means
+of the letters J. and&nbsp;R. Other abbreviations, as O.N. for Old
+Norse; Goth. for Mœso-Gothic; Su.-G. for Suio-Gothic<!-- Swedish! -->,
+etc., will be readily understood. Ch. has also been used as an
+abbreviation for Chaucer. The various French, Danish, German, and other
+words referred to in the Glossary are merely added by way of
+illustration, to indicate in what direction a word may be most easily
+traced up. To ensure accuracy as far as possible, I&nbsp;have verified
+every foreign word by the aid of dictionaries, referring for Gothic
+words to my own Glossary, edited for the Philological Society; for
+Suio-Gothic words, to Ihre’s Glossarium; for Icelandic words, to
+Egilsson; and for Old French words, to Roquefort and Burguy. Whatever
+errors occur below may thus, I&nbsp;hope, be readily traced.]</p>
+
+<p class = "mynote center">
+<a href = "#letter_A">&nbsp;A&nbsp;</a>
+<a href = "#letter_B">&nbsp;B&nbsp;</a>
+<a href = "#letter_C">&nbsp;C&nbsp;</a>
+<a href = "#letter_D">&nbsp;D&nbsp;</a>
+<a href = "#letter_E">&nbsp;E&nbsp;</a>
+<a href = "#letter_F">&nbsp;F&nbsp;</a>
+<a href = "#letter_G">&nbsp;G&nbsp;</a>
+<a href = "#letter_H">&nbsp;H&nbsp;</a>
+<a href = "#letter_I">&nbsp;I&nbsp;</a>
+<a href = "#letter_K">&nbsp;K&nbsp;</a>
+<a href = "#letter_L">&nbsp;L&nbsp;</a>
+<a href = "#letter_M">&nbsp;M&nbsp;</a>
+<a href = "#letter_N">&nbsp;N&nbsp;</a><br>
+<a href = "#letter_O">&nbsp;O&nbsp;</a>
+<a href = "#letter_P">&nbsp;P&nbsp;</a>
+<a href = "#letter_Q">&nbsp;Q&nbsp;</a>
+<a href = "#letter_R">&nbsp;R&nbsp;</a>
+<a href = "#letter_S">&nbsp;S&nbsp;</a>
+<a href = "#letter_T">&nbsp;T&nbsp;</a>
+<a href = "#letter_U">&nbsp;U&nbsp;</a>
+<a href = "#letter_V">&nbsp;V&nbsp;</a>
+<a href = "#letter_W">&nbsp;W&nbsp;</a>
+<a href = "#letter_Y">&nbsp;Y&nbsp;</a>
+<a href = "#letter_Z">&nbsp;Ȝ&nbsp;</a>
+</p>
+
+<div class = "vocab">
+
+<table class = "inline" summary = "paired definition">
+<tr><td>
+<a name = "letter_A" id = "letter_A">Abaid</a>,<br>
+Abyde,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">delay, tarrying, <a href = "#line1880">1882</a>,
+<a href = "#line2144">2147</a>, <a href = "#line3068">3069</a>, <a href =
+"#line3308">3308</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry follow">A.S. <i>abídan</i>, J.</p>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<table class = "inline tall" summary = "grouped definition">
+<tr><td>
+Abasit,<br>
+Abasyt,<br>
+Abaysit,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">abashed, humbled, dispirited, cast down, <a href =
+"#line376">378</a>, <a href = "#line1452">1452</a>, <a href =
+"#line2664">2664</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry follow">Abasit of, dispirited by, <a href =
+"#line3300">3301</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry follow">R. <i>abaiser</i>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Abasit of (used passively), were dispirited by, <a href =
+"#line2240">2243</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Abraid, awoke, <a href = "#line1228">1231</a>;</p>
+<p class = "subentry">(Ch.) A.S. <i>on-bredan</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Abwsyt (abused), made an ill use of, <a href =
+"#line1204">1207</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Access, a fever; or better, a fit of the ague; Lat. <i>accessus
+febris</i>, (Wright’s Glossary), <a href = "#line28">31</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Accorde, to agree with, <a href = "#line1524">1526</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Fr. <i>s’accorder</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Accordith, is suitable for, becomes, <a href = "#line1676">1679</a>,
+<a href = "#line1948">1951</a>;<br>
+agree therewith, <a href = "#line604">605</a>;<br>
+is useful for, is fit for, <a href = "#line1204">1204</a>.</p>
+
+<p>According for, suitable for, <a href = "#line1512">1512</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">R. <i>accordant</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Adred, terrified, <a href = "#line376">378</a>, <a href =
+"#line2664">2664</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>on-drǽdan</i>, to dread.</p>
+
+<p>Affek, effect, <a href = "#line380">382</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Cf. <i>Fek</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Afferd, afraid, <a href = "#line3472">3472</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>afered</i>, <i>afǽran</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Affere, warlike preparation, <a href = "#line984">985</a>;<br>
+aspect, bearing, <a href = "#line3040">3043</a>, <a href =
+"#line3332">3334</a>, <a href = "#line3392">3394</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See J., who makes it of Teutonic origin; but it
+may be no more than the O.Fr. <i>afeire, afaire</i> = state, condition;
+as explained by Burguy.</p>
+
+<p>Afferith, belongs to, suits, <a href = "#line1548">1550</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Afferis, is suitable, <a href = "#line1688">1690</a>, <a href =
+"#line1960">1961</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">R. <i>aferer</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Affrait, terrified, from the verb <i>Affray</i> (Ch.), <a href =
+"#line2460">2462</a>, <a href = "#line3468">3469</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">R. <i>effraer</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Affray, terror, fright, <a href = "#line636">636</a>, <a href =
+"#line3452">3454</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Fr. <i>effroi</i>.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page115" id =
+"page115">115</a></span>
+
+<p>Affy in till, trust to, rely upon, <a href = "#line496">499</a>,
+<a href = "#line1392">1394</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">R. <i>affier</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Afyre, on fire, <a href = "#line28">30</a>, <a href =
+"#line248">251</a>;<br>
+hence, used allegorically, in love, <a href = "#line2436">2436</a>.</p>
+
+<table class = "inline" summary = "paired definition">
+<tr><td>
+Agrewit,<br>
+Aggrewit,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">aggrieved, vexed, <a href = "#line1308">1308</a>,
+<a href = "#line1536">1538</a>;<br>
+angry, enraged, <a href = "#line2616">2618</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry follow">R. <i>agrever</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Ago, gone, <a href = "#line156">159</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>of-gán</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Aire, are, <a href = "#line1732">1732</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Algait, Algat, always, <a href = "#line1996">1996</a>, <a href =
+"#line1792">1792</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Gothic <i>gatwô</i>, a street, way.</p>
+
+<p>Al magre thine, in spite of thee, <a href = "#line112">115</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">An expression compounded of A.S. <i>al</i>,
+wholly; <i>maugre</i> (Fr. <i>mal grè</i>), ill-will, and <i>thine</i>
+(A.S. <i>thín</i>, the gen. case of <i>thú</i>, thou).</p>
+
+<p>Al-out, altogether, <a href = "#line1676">1676</a>, <a href =
+"#line1788">1791</a>, etc.</p>
+
+<p>Alowit, approved, <a href = "#line1752">1754</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Fr. <i>allouer</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Als, (1) as; (2) also.</p>
+
+<table class = "inline" summary = "paired definition">
+<tr><td>
+Amen,<br>
+Ameyne,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">pleasant, <a href = "#line64">64</a>, <a href =
+"#line996">999</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry follow">Lat. <i>amœnus</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Anarmyt, fully armed, <a href = "#line544">545</a>, <a href =
+"#line620">620</a>, <a href = "#line2216">2219</a>, <a href =
+"#line2768">2771</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See <a href =
+"#word_enarmyt"><i>Enarmyt</i></a>.</p>
+
+<p>And, if, <a href = "#line1024">1024</a>, <a href =
+"#line1588">1591</a>;<br>
+and if (= an if), if, <a href = "#line2376">2376</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Anerly, only, <a href = "#line1476">1476</a>, <a href =
+"#line1696">1696</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>ǽn-líc</i>.</p>
+
+<table class = "inline" summary = "paired definition">
+<tr><td>
+Anoit,<br>
+Anoyt,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">annoyed, vexed, <a href = "#line348">351</a>,
+<a href = "#line2244">2244</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Anoyt, annoyeth, <a href = "#line1404">1407</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Anterous, (for Aunterous, the shortened form of Aventurous),
+adventurous, <a href = "#line2616">2618</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Fr. <i>aventure</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Aparalit, apparelled, <a href = "#line336">338</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Aperans, an appearance, a vision, <a href = "#line364">364</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry"><i>So also</i> Apperans, <a href =
+"#line1284">1284</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Apone, upon, <a href = "#line764">765</a>, etc.</p>
+
+<p>Appetit, desire, <a href = "#line2720">2722</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Ch. has <i>appetite</i> as a verb, to desire.</p>
+
+<p>Aqwynt, acquainted, <a href = "#line1292">1295</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Burns uses <i>acquent</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Aras, to pluck out, <a href = "#line240">240</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Fr. <i>arracher</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Araid, disordered, afflicted, <a href = "#line3268">3270</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See <i>Araye</i> in Halliwell. The examples there
+given shew that to <i>araye</i> sometimes actually signifies to
+<i>disorder</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Arest, stop, delay, <a href = "#line676">678</a>, <a href =
+"#line3072">3072</a>, <a href = "#line3308">3308</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Fr. <i>arrêt</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Arly, early, <a href = "#line4">4</a>, <a href = "#line384">384</a>,
+<a href = "#line972">975</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>árlíce</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Artilȝery, implements of warfare, <a href = "#line2536">2538</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See R. <i>artillerie</i>. Compare 1 Samuel, xx.
+40.</p>
+
+<p>Assay, (1) assault, trial, <a href = "#line8">11</a>, <a href =
+"#line32">35</a>, <a href = "#line112">112</a>, <a href =
+"#line712">712</a>;<br>
+attack, <a href = "#line536">537</a>, <a href =
+"#line2660">2662</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">As a verb, to assault, attack, assail, <a href =
+"#line568">570</a>, <a href = "#line1044">1044</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Fr. <i>assaillir</i>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">(2) to essay, attempt, <a href =
+"#line2936">2936</a>;<br>
+to test, <a href = "#line476">478</a>, <a href = "#line980">982</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Fr. <i>essaier</i>.</p>
+
+<table class = "inline" summary = "paired definition">
+<tr><td>
+Assaid,<br>
+Assayt,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">assaulted, <a href = "#line1224">1224</a>, <a href =
+"#line2640">2641</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Assall, assault, attack, <a href = "#line840">842</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">We should perhaps read “assaill,” as in <a href =
+"#line852">l. 855</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Assalȝeing, assail (<i>3 pers. plural</i>), <a href =
+"#line3384">3385</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Assemblay, an assembling of knights for a combat, a tournament,
+<a href = "#line264">267</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "word_assemble" id = "word_assemble">Assemble</a>, a
+hostile meeting, combat, battle, <a href = "#line976">978</a>, <a href =
+"#line3336">3336</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See J.</p>
+
+<p>Assemblyng, encountering, <a href = "#line2588">2588</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Assemblyng on, attacking, <a href = "#line2956">2956</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Assey, to test, <a href = "#line476">478</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry"><i>See</i> Assay.</p>
+
+<p>Astart, to start away from; hence to escape from, avoid, <a href =
+"#line228">228</a>, <a href = "#line3296">3296</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Ch. has <i>asterte</i>.</p>
+
+<p>At, that, <a href = "#line1016">1019</a>, etc.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Compare Dan. <i>at</i>; O.N. <i>at</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Atour, at over, i.e. across, <a href = "#line840">841</a>, <a href =
+"#line848">849</a>, <a href = "#line872">873</a>;<br>
+in excess, in addition, besides, <a href = "#line1772">1775</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Ather, either, <a href = "#line2628">2629</a>, <a href =
+"#line2816">2819</a>, <a href = "#line3264">3264</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>ǽgther</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Atte, at the, <a href = "#line624">627</a>, <a href =
+"#line1052">1055</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Aucht, eight, <a href = "#line3260">3263</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Compare Ger. <i>acht</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Auentur, adventure, <a href = "#line600">601</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Auer, ever, <a href = "#line272">273</a>, etc.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page116" id =
+"page116">116</a></span>
+
+<p>Auerding to, belonging to (?), <a href = "#line344">345</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">The sense seems to point to the A.S.
+<i>and-weardian</i>, to be present, Goth. <i>and-wairths</i>,
+present.</p>
+
+<p>Aventur, Auentoure, adventure, <a href = "#line80">80</a>, <a href =
+"#line220">222</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "word_aw" id = "word_aw">Aw</a>, owe, deserve; the present
+tense of the verb of which <i>ought</i> is the past tense; <a href =
+"#line3444">3447</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>áh</i>, <i>áhte</i>.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "word_awalk" id = "word_awalk">Awalk</a>, awake, <a href =
+"#line1048">1049</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Goth. <i>wakan</i>. The form <i>awalk</i> occurs
+in Dunbar,</p>
+
+<div class = "verse">
+<p>“<i>Awalk</i>, luvaris, out of your slomering.”</p>
+<p class = "author">(The Thistle and the Rose.)</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Awant, boast, <a href = "#line2136">2136</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">As a verb, <a href = "#line1588">1588</a>;<br>
+and as a reflective verb, <a href = "#line2196">2196</a>, <a href =
+"#line2384">2386</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Fr. <i>se vanter</i>. Ch. has <i>avante</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Awin, own, <a href = "#line88">89</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>ágen</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Awodith, maketh to depart, <a href = "#line2472">2474</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See <i>Avoid</i> in Nares’ Glossary, edited by
+Halliwell and Wright.</p>
+
+<table class = "inline" summary = "paired definition">
+<tr><td>
+Awow,<br>
+Awoue,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">vow, <a href = "#line232">234</a>, <a href =
+"#line240">242</a>, <a href = "#line244">246</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry follow">Ch. has <i>avowe</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Awys, consideration, advisement, <a href = "#line556">558</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Awyß the, advise thee, consider, <a href = "#line1912">1913</a>.</p>
+
+<table class = "inline" summary = "paired definition">
+<tr><td>
+Awyß,<br>
+Awyſing,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">to consider, <a href = "#line424">424</a>, <a href =
+"#line428">429</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry follow">Fr. <i>s’aviser</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Awysment, advisement, consideration, <a href = "#line360">360</a>,
+<a href = "#line680">680</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Ay, ever, continually, <a href = "#line1132">1135</a>, <a href =
+"#line1484">1486</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>á</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Ayar (<i>written instead of</i> Athar), either, <a href =
+"#line2712">2712</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Ayre, are, <a href = "#line2008">2011</a>.</p>
+
+<table class = "inline" summary = "paired definition">
+<tr><td>
+Ayanis, <a href = "#line744">744</a>,<br>
+Aȝanis, <a href = "#line1164">1164</a>, <a href = "#line2280">2283</a>,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">against.</p>
+<p class = "subentry follow">A.S. <i>ongean</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Aȝane, Aȝeine, again, <a href = "#line3252">3253</a>, <a href =
+"#line380">380</a>.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "letter"><a name = "letter_B" id = "letter_B" href =
+"#glossary">Bachleris</a>, bachelors; a name given to novices in arms or
+arts, <a href = "#line1688">1689</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See <i>bacheler</i> in R.</p>
+
+<p>Banaris, banners, <a href = "#line768">770</a>.</p>
+
+<table class = "inline" summary = "paired definition">
+<tr><td>
+Bartes, <a href = "#line2896">2897</a><br>
+Bartiis, <a href = "#line3040">3041</a>.
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow"><i>See</i> <a href = "#word_bertes">Bertes</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Barnag, baronage, nobility, <a href = "#line2492">2492</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See <i>barniez</i> in R.</p>
+
+<p>Batell, a battalion, division of an army, <a href =
+"#line784">784</a>, <a href = "#line808">808</a>, etc.</p>
+
+<p>Be, by.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>be</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Behest, promise, <a href = "#line2764">2766</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>behæs</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Behufis, behoves, <a href = "#line576">579</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>behófan</i>, often used impersonally.</p>
+
+<table class = "inline" summary = "paired definition">
+<tr><td>
+Behuß,<br>
+Behwß,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">it behoves, it is necessary (to do), <a href =
+"#line944">944</a>, <a href = "#line2340">2342</a>;</p>
+<p class = "subentry follow">apparently contracted from
+<i>behufis</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Beleif, <i>in phr.</i> ore belief = beyond belief, <a href =
+"#line112">112</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Bent, a grassy plain (properly a coarse grass; in German,
+<i>binse</i>), <a href = "#line2668">2670</a>. J.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "word_bertes" id = "word_bertes">Bertes</a>, a parapet, a
+tower, <a href = "#line1004">1007</a>, <a href = "#line1116">1118</a>,
+<a href = "#line2812">2815</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">R. <i>bretesche</i>, from Low Latin
+<i>brestachia</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Betak til, to confer upon, <a href = "#line1724">1724</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>be-tǽcan</i>, in the sense, to assign.</p>
+
+<p>Betakyne, betoken, <a href = "#line2012">2014</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>be-tǽcan</i>, in the sense, to shew.</p>
+
+<p>Bewis, boughs, <a href = "#line336">338</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>boh</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Billis, letters, <a href = "#line140">142</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Fr. <i>billet</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Blindis, blindness (?), <a href = "#line1900">1903</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Borde, to meet in a hostile manner, encounter, <a href =
+"#line808">809</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">We find in R. <i>border</i>, to joust, fight with
+lances.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Compare Fr. <i>aborder</i>, and Spenser’s use of
+<i>bord</i>. See <i>horde</i> in Burguy.</p>
+
+<p>Bot, (1) but; (2) without. In general, <i>without</i> is expressed by
+<i>but</i>, and the conjunction by <i>bot</i>; but this distinction is
+occasionally violated.</p>
+
+<p>Bown, ready, prepared, <a href = "#line1036">1036</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">O.N. <i>búinn</i>, past part. of <i>búa</i>, to
+prepare. Su.-G. <i>boa</i>, to prepare. J.</p>
+
+<p>Bretis, fortifications, forts, <a href = "#line872">874</a>;</p>
+<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page117" id =
+"page117">117</a></span>
+<p class = "subentry">“properly wooden towers or castles:
+<i>Bretachiæ</i>, castella lignea, quibus castra et oppida muniebantur,
+Gallis <ins class = "correction"
+title = "printed as shown, but cited text has ‘Bretesques’"><i>Bretesque</i></ins>. Du Cange.” Jamieson. See
+<a href = "#word_bertes"><i>Bertes</i></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Bukis, books, <a href = "#line432">434</a>, <a href =
+"#line1860">1862</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Burdis, boards, i.e. tables, <a href = "#line2196">2198</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>bórd</i>, which means&mdash;1. a plank; 2.
+a table, etc.</p>
+
+<p>Bur, bore, <a href = "#line732">733</a>, <a href =
+"#line776">778</a>.</p>
+
+<p>But, without; common in the phrase <i>but were</i>, without
+doubt.</p>
+
+<p>But if, unless, except, <a href = "#line956">958</a>.</p>
+
+<table class = "inline" summary = "paired definition">
+<tr><td>
+Byhecht,<br>
+Byhicht,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">promised, <a href = "#line1484">1485</a>, <a href =
+"#line2788">2791</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry follow">A.S. <i>be-hǽtan</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Byknow, notorious for, known to be guilty of, <a href =
+"#line1624">1627</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Compare “I <i>know</i> nothing <i>by</i> myself”
+(1 Cor. iv. 4). Compare also Dan. <i>bekiende</i>, to make known.</p>
+
+<p>By, near at hand, <a href = "#line1532">1535</a>, <a href =
+"#line2916">2916</a>.</p>
+
+
+<table class = "inline letter" summary = "grouped definition">
+<tr><td>
+<a name = "letter_C" id = "letter_C" href = "#glossary">Cag,</a><br>
+Cage,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">&nbsp;<br>cage, prison, <a href =
+"#line996">997</a>, <a href = "#line2768">2770</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Can, an auxiliary verb, used nearly as we now use <i>did</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Careldis, plural of Careld, a merry-making, revel (?), <a href =
+"#line1316">1318</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">“<i>Caraude</i>, réjouissance;” and
+“<i>Caroler</i>, danser, se divertir, mener une vie joyeuse.”
+Roquefort.</p>
+
+<p>Catifis, wretches, <a href = "#line2100">2102</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">R. <i>caitif, captif</i>. Compare Ital.
+<i>cattivo</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Chalmer, chamber, <a href = "#line2280">2281</a>, <a href =
+"#line2308">2308</a>, <a href = "#line2424">2427</a>, <a href =
+"#line2808">2808</a>. J.</p>
+
+<table class = "inline" summary = "paired definition">
+<tr><td>
+<a name = "word_chare" id = "word_chare">Chare</a>,<br>
+Cher,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">chariot, <a href = "#line4">4</a>, <a href =
+"#line732">735</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry follow">R. <i>cher</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Charge, load, <a href = "#line692">693</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Fr. <i>charge</i>; see <i>discharge</i> in the
+line following (<a href = "#line692">694</a>),</p>
+<p class = "subentry">meaning to shake off a load.</p>
+
+<p>Chargit, gave attention to, <a href = "#line708">710</a>, <a href =
+"#line2452">2454</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Fr. <i>se charger de</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Chen, chain, <a href = "#line2372">2375</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Cher, car, chariot, <a href = "#line732">735</a>. See <a href =
+"#word_chare"><i>Chare</i></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Chere, cheer, demeanour, <a href = "#line80">83</a>, <a href =
+"#line340">341</a>, <a href = "#line692">695</a>;<br>
+sad demeanour, outward grief, <a href = "#line2716">2718</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Fr. <i>chère</i>; compare Ital. <i>ciera</i>, the
+face, look.</p>
+
+<div class = "verse">
+<p>“<i>Wepinge</i> was hyr mosté <i>chere</i>.”</p>
+<p class = "author">(Le Morte Arthur, l. 726.)</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Cheß, choose, <a href = "#line1608">1611</a>, <a href =
+"#line1636">1636</a>, <a href = "#line2368">2368</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>ceósan</i>; Ger. <i>kiesen</i>; Dutch
+<i>kiezen</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Clariouns, clarions, <a href = "#line768">771</a>, <a href =
+"#line788">789</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Clepe, to call, <a href = "#line88">90</a>, <a href =
+"#line96">99</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>clepan</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Clepit, callest, <a href = "#line92">93</a>;<br>
+called, <a href = "#line780">781</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Clepith, is called, <a href = "#line1916">1919</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Clergy, science, knowledge, <a href = "#line504">504</a>, <a href =
+"#line508">511</a>, <a href = "#line2040">2041</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">R. <i>clergie</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Closine, closed, concluded, <a href = "#line316">316</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Closith, enclosed, shut up, <a href = "#line424">427</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Cold, called, <a href = "#line752">753</a>, <a href =
+"#line1576">1579</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Commandit, commended, <a href = "#line2800">2802</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Comprochit, approached, <a href = "#line2472">2472</a>, <a href =
+"#line2508">2509</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Conpilour, compiler, poet, <a href = "#line316">319</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Conquest, conquered, <a href = "#line572">574</a>;<br>
+Fyrst-conquest, first conquered, <a href = "#line1544">1545</a>,
+etc.</p>
+
+<p>Conseruyt, preserved, <a href = "#line332">332</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Conten (used as a reflective verb), to demean oneself valorously, to
+maintain one’s ground, <a href = "#line820">823</a>, <a href =
+"#line1104">1107</a>, <a href = "#line1128">1130</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See R. “<i>contenement</i>, contenance, conduite,
+maintien, posture.”</p>
+
+<p>Contenit hyme, behaved himself, <a href = "#line3216">3219</a>;<br>
+Contenit them, <a href = "#line2632">2634</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Contenyt, endured, <a href = "#line3188">3190</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Contretioun, contrition, <a href = "#line1412">1415</a>, <a href =
+"#line1424">1426</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Contynans, demeanour, <a href = "#line1692">1693</a>, <a href =
+"#line1744">1747</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Counter, encounter, attack, charge, <a href =
+"#line3236">3239</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Couth, could, <a href = "#line792">793</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>cunnan</i>; past tense, <i>ic
+cúðe</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Cowardy, cowardice, <a href = "#line1020">1023</a>, <a href =
+"#line3284">3287</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Cownterit, encountered, <a href = "#line2608">2609</a>, <a href =
+"#line2620">2621</a>. J.</p>
+
+<p>Crownel, coronal, corolla of a flower, <a href = "#line56">59</a>.
+J.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page118" id =
+"page118">118</a></span>
+
+<table class = "inline" summary = "paired definition">
+<tr><td>
+Cummyne,<br>
+Comyne,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">came, <a href = "#line804">807</a>, <a href =
+"#line904">907</a>.</p>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<table class = "inline tall" summary = "grouped definition">
+<tr><td>
+Cumyne, <a href = "#line648">650</a>, <a href =
+"#line1136">1136</a>,<br>
+Cumyng, <a href = "#line444">447</a>,<br>
+Cummyng, <a href = "#line2496">2498</a>,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">come (past part.).</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Cunyng, knowledge, <a href = "#line1452">1455</a>.</p>
+
+<table class = "inline tall" summary = "grouped definition">
+<tr><td>
+Cusynace, <a href = "#line1268">1270</a>,<br>
+Cusynece, <a href = "#line2800">2802</a>,<br>
+Cusynes, <a href = "#line2284">2287</a>,<br>
+Cwsynes, <a href = "#line1184">1185</a>,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">kinswoman.</p>
+
+<p>Cwre, care, <a href = "#line96">98</a>, <a href = "#line264">266</a>,
+<a href = "#line640">643</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Lat. <i>cura</i>. (N.B. Though <i>Cwre</i> =
+<i>cura</i>, yet <i>cura</i> should be distinguished from A.S.
+<i>cearu</i>.)</p>
+
+
+<p class = "letter"><a name = "letter_D" id = "letter_D" href =
+"#glossary">Danger</a>, power to punish; “the power of a feudal lord
+over his vassals,” (Wright), <a href = "#line444">444</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Also, power to injure, <a href =
+"#line3004">3006</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See R. <i>dangier</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Dans, (dance), in the phrase “wrechit dans,” evil mode of life,
+<a href = "#line1320">1321</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See Chaucer’s use of <i>daunce</i>; and
+compare&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class = "verse">
+<p>“I sai ȝow lely how thai lye</p>
+<p>Dongen doun alle in a <i>daunce</i>.”</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class = "follow">Lawrence Minot; quoted in Specimens of Early
+English, by R. Morris; p.&nbsp;<a href = "#line192">194</a>.</p>
+
+<table class = "inline" summary = "paired definition">
+<tr><td>
+Dede, <a href = "#line88">90</a>,<br>
+Ded, <a href = "#line3304">3304</a>,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">death.</p>
+<p class = "subentry follow">Dan. <i>död</i>. A.S. <i>deáð</i>. O.N.
+<i>dauði</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Deden, deign, <a href = "#line948">949</a>. J.</p>
+
+<p>Dedenyt, deigned, <a href = "#line240">240</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Deid, died, <a href = "#line212">215</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Deith, dead (past part.), <a href = "#line3160">3160</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Delitable, delightful, <a href = "#line1736">1738</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">R. <i>delitable</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Deliuer, nimble, clever, <a href = "#line3132">3134</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Deliuerly, (cleverly), nimbly, lightly, <a href =
+"#line3088">3089</a>, <a href = "#line3128">3131</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">R. <i>delivre</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Demande, demur, <a href = "#line188">191</a>, <a href =
+"#line396">397</a>, <a href = "#line3052">3052</a>, <a href =
+"#line3352">3354</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See R. “<i>demander</i>, contremander, changer,
+revoquer l’ordre donné.”</p>
+
+<p>Depart, to part, <a href = "#line3420">3421</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">R. <i>departir</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Departit, parted, <a href = "#line3400">3403</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Depaynt, painted, <a href = "#line44">46</a>, <a href =
+"#line1700">1703</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Fr. <i>dépeint</i>. Ch. <i>depeint</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Depend me, waste or consume (my powers), <a href =
+"#line212">214</a>; possibly miswritten for <i>despend</i>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Cf. <i>Dispendit</i>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Depend to, to concern, appertain to, <a href =
+"#line464">466</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Deren, to speak out, tell, <a href = "#line2376">2376</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">R. <i>derainier</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Dereyne, a plea, <a href = "#line2312">2313</a>;</p>
+<p class = "subentry">“haith o dereyne ydoo,” hath appealed to trial by
+combat.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">R. <i>derainier</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Des, daïs, high table, <a href = "#line2760">2762</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">R. <i>deis</i>; Lat. <i>discus</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Deuit, availed, <a href = "#line16">18</a>. See note.</p>
+
+<table class = "inline" summary = "paired definition">
+<tr><td>
+Devith,<br>
+Dewith,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">deafen, <a href = "#line92">92</a>, <a href =
+"#line92">94</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry follow">“Su.-G. <i>deofwa</i>; Icel. <i>deyfa</i>,”
+J.</p>
+<p class = "subentry follow">Compare Dan. <i>döve</i>. Burns has
+<i>deave</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Dewod the, devoid thyself, <a href = "#line1020">1022</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Deuoydit was = departed, <a href = "#line1028">1031</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Compare <i>Awodith</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Dewyß, to tell, narrate, <a href = "#line372">373</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Discharg, to put aside one’s liability, <a href = "#line160">163</a>,
+<a href = "#line1664">1665</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Diseß, lack of ease, misery, <a href = "#line704">707</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Disiont (Disioint?), disjointed, out of joint; hence uncertain,
+hazardous, <a href = "#line2904">2907</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">“Disjoint, A difficult situation.” Halliwell.</p>
+
+<p>Dispendit, spent, <a href = "#line1808">1808</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">R. <i>despendre</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Dispens, expenditure, <a href = "#line1744">1746</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Fr. <i>dépense</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Dispolȝeith, despoileth, <a href = "#line1876">1879</a><ins class =
+"correction" title = ". missing">.&nbsp;</ins></p>
+
+<p>Dispone, to dispose, provide; or, as a reflective verb, to be
+disposed to do, to intend, <a href = "#line52">54</a>, <a href =
+"#line444">446</a>, <a href = "#line980">980</a>, <a href =
+"#line1588">1590</a>, <a href = "#line2428">2428</a>, <a href =
+"#line2460">2462</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Disponit, declines (?); but much more probably, intends; and we must
+read “disponit not,” <a href = "#line2984">2984</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Dout, fear, <a href = "#line2596">2599</a>, <a href =
+"#line3404">3404</a>, <a href = "#line3436">3438</a>;<br>
+(as a verb), to fear, <a href = "#line740">740</a>, <a href =
+"#line1824">1827</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Ch. <i>doute</i>. R. <i>doubtance</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Drent, drowned, <a href = "#line1316">1319</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>drencan</i>.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page119" id =
+"page119">119</a></span>
+<p>Dreß (as a reflective verb), to direct oneself, proceed, go, <a href
+= "#line1972">1975</a>, <a href = "#line2288">2288</a>, <a href =
+"#line2484">2486</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Lat. <i>dirigere</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Drywith, drives; “he drywith to the end,” i.e. concludes, <a href =
+"#line2468">2470</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Duclar, declare, <a href = "#line3020">3022</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Dulay, delay, <a href = "#line680">681</a>, <a href =
+"#line788">788</a>, <a href = "#line2924">2925</a>.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "letter"><a name = "letter_E" id = "letter_E" href =
+"#glossary">Effere</a>, shew, pomp, <a href = "#line2360">2360</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Compare <i>Affere</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Efter, after, <a href = "#line216">217</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>efter</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Eld, old age, <a href = "#line3224">3225</a>, <a href =
+"#line3240">3242</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>yldo</i>. Gothic <i>alds</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Elyk, Eliche, alike, <a href = "#line180">182</a>, <a href =
+"#line2452">2452</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Eme, uncle, <a href = "#line2572">2572</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>eám</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Empit, emptied, empty, <a href = "#line180">180</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>æmtian</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Empleß, to please, <a href = "#line2452">2455</a>. J.</p>
+
+<p>Empriß, worth, honour, <a href = "#line128">129</a>, <a href =
+"#line268">269</a>, <a href = "#line3456">3458</a>;</p>
+<p class = "subentry"><i>cf.</i> Romans of Partenay, l. 2013.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Anxiety, oppression, <a href =
+"#line392">393</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">R. <i>emprindre</i>.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "word_enarmyt" id = "word_enarmyt">Enarmyt</a>, fully
+armed, <a href = "#line284">285</a>, <a href = "#line748">751</a>,
+<a href = "#line2496">2499</a>. J.</p>
+
+<p>Endit, indited, <a href = "#line136">138</a>;<br>
+indite, <a href = "#line204">206</a>;<br>
+inditing, poem (?), <a href = "#line332">334</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">If the meaning were, “this ends,” the form “endis”
+would be required; besides which, the rime shews that the <i>i</i> is
+long; cf. <a href = "#line136">ll.&nbsp;138</a>, <a href =
+"#line204">206</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Endlong, along, <a href = "#line2892">2893</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>andlang</i>; Ger. <i>entlang</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Entent, intention, will, meaning, thoughts, <a href =
+"#line448">448</a>, <a href = "#line1448">1451</a>, <a href =
+"#line1496">1499</a>, <a href = "#line2936">2938</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">R. <i>entente</i>. Used by Chaucer.</p>
+
+<p>Entermet, to intermeddle with, to have do with, <a href =
+"#line2912">2914</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">R. <i>entremetre</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Enweronyt, environed, <a href = "#line52">53</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Erde, earth, <a href = "#line1072">1072</a>, <a href =
+"#line1540">1540</a>, <a href = "#line2600">2601</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Compare Ger. <i>erde</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Erdly, earthly, <a href = "#line496">498</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Erith, earth, <a href = "#line128">128</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>eorð</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Eschef (1. eschew), to shun, withdraw himself, <a href =
+"#line3472">3475</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">R. <i>eschever</i>;</p>
+<p class = "subentry">(2. achieve), to accomplish, <a href =
+"#line2212">2212</a>, <a href = "#line2512">2513</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">R. <i>eschavir</i>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Eschef deith, to die, <a href =
+"#line2732">2732</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Escheuit, achieved, <a href = "#line256">258</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Eschevit, is achieved, <a href = "#line2996">2998</a>.</p>
+
+<table class = "inline" summary = "paired definition">
+<tr><td>
+Eß, <a href = "#line172">174</a>,<br>
+Eeß, <a href = "#line704">706</a>,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">ease.</p>
+
+<p>Essenȝeis (ensigns), warcries, <a href = "#line3348">3349</a>, J.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See also R. <i>enseigne</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Euerilkon, every one, <a href = "#line1036">1039</a>, etc.</p>
+
+<p>Exasy, extasy, <a href = "#line76">76</a>. (Possibly miswritten.)</p>
+
+<p>Exortith, beseecheth, <a href = "#line3024">3026</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Extend, attain, <a href = "#line3280">3281</a>.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "letter"><a name = "letter_F" id = "letter_F" href =
+"#glossary">Failȝeis</a>, fail, (3 pers. plu. indicative), <a href =
+"#line1148">1151</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "word_fairhed" id = "word_fairhed">Fairhed</a> (fairhood),
+beauty, <a href = "#line576">577</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">In A.S. <i>fægernes</i>, but in Dan.
+<i>förhed</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Fall, to happen, befall, <a href = "#line492">493</a>, <a href =
+"#line2136">2139</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>feallan</i>; Dan. <i>falde</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Fallyng, fallen, <a href = "#line1216">1217</a>, <a href =
+"#line1320">1322</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Falowschip, used as we now use company, <a href =
+"#line1104">1105</a>, <a href = "#line2684">2687</a>, etc.</p>
+
+<p>Falȝeing, failing, <a href = "#line1496">1499</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Falȝet, Falȝheit, failed, <a href = "#line1460">1460</a>, <a href =
+"#line1468">1469</a>, <a href = "#line1496">1498</a>, <a href =
+"#line1500">1503</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Farhed, beauty, <a href = "#line2440">2440</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See <a href =
+"#word_fairhed"><i>Fairhed</i></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Fayndit (feigned), dissembled, <a href = "#line2396">2397</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Fays, foes, <a href = "#line3004">3006</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>fáh</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Fechtand, fighting, <a href = "#line2688">2691</a>, <a href =
+"#line3124">3127</a>, <a href = "#line3404">3407</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Ger. <i>fechten</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Fechteris, fighters, <a href = "#line684">686</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Feill, knowledge, skill, <a href = "#line2852">2854</a>. J.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>félian</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Fek (effect), sum, amount, result, drift, <a href =
+"#line2936">2938</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Fr. <i>effet</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Fell, to feel, <a href = "#line820">820</a>, <a href =
+"#line2128">2131</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Fellith, feeleth, <a href = "#line3368">3368</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Fell, many; als fell, as many, <a href = "#line768">768</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>féala</i>; Gothic <i>filu</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Fell, horrible, <a href = "#line260">260</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>fell</i>, cruel, fierce.</p>
+
+<p>Ferde, fourth, <a href = "#line812">815</a>, <a href =
+"#line972">973</a>, <a href = "#line2284">2285</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Compare Dan. <i>fierde</i>.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page120" id =
+"page120">120</a></span>
+<p>Ferleit, wondered, <a href = "#line3116">3117</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>fǽr-líc</i>, sudden, fearful. Burns has
+<i>ferlie</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Fet, fetched, <a href = "#line432">433</a>, <a href =
+"#line1152">1154</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>feccan</i>, past tense, <i>ic
+feahte</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Fongith, catcheth, seizeth, <a href = "#line1920">1922</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>fangan</i>; Goth. <i>fahan</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Forfare, to fare amiss, to perish, <a href =
+"#line1348">1348</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>for-faran</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Forlorn, lost, <a href = "#line3304">3305</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>forloren</i>; cf. Goth.
+<i>fra-liusan</i>.</p>
+
+<p>For-quhy; see <i>For-why</i>.</p>
+
+<table class = "inline" summary = "paired definition">
+<tr><td>
+For-thi,<br>
+For-thy,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">(there-fore), on that account, <a href =
+"#line332">332</a>, <a href = "#line2260">2261</a>, <a href =
+"#line2728">2731</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry follow">A.S. <i>forthý</i>; where <i>thý</i>
+(Gothic <i>thê</i>) is the instrumental case of <i>se</i>, that.</p>
+
+<p>For-wrocht (for-wrought), over-worked, wearied out, <a href =
+"#line888">888</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>forwyrcan</i>.</p>
+
+<table class = "inline" summary = "paired definition">
+<tr><td>
+For-why, <a href = "#line796">798</a>, <a href = "#line924">925</a>,
+<a href = "#line2208">2209</a>,<br>
+For-quhy, <a href = "#line2168">2171</a>, <a href =
+"#line2340">2342</a>, <a href = "#line2288">2290</a>,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">for the reason that, because that.</p>
+
+<p>Found, to advance, go, <a href = "#line2612">2612</a>. J.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>fundian</i>, to try to find, go
+forward.</p>
+
+<p>Franchis, generosity, <a href = "#line228">230</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">R. <i>franchise</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Fremmytneß, strangeness, alienation, <a href =
+"#line1508">1508</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>fremdnes</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Froit, enjoyment, <a href = "#line1644">1644</a>;<br>
+fruit, <a href = "#line2088">2088</a>, <a href =
+"#line2108">2109</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">R. <i>fruit</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Frome, from the time that, <a href = "#line16">17</a>, <a href =
+"#line1432">1432</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Goth. <i>frums</i>, a beginning.</p>
+
+<p>Fruschit, broken, dashed in pieces, <a href =
+"#line1200">1201</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">R. <i>frois</i>, broken; from the verb
+<i>froier</i>.</p>
+
+<table class = "inline" summary = "paired definition">
+<tr><td>
+Fundyne, <a href = "#line496">497</a>,<br>
+Fundyng, <a href = "#line464">465</a>,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">found (past part.).</p>
+
+<p>Fyne, faithful, true, <a href = "#line516">519</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See R. “<i>fine</i>, fidéle;” and “<i>fine</i>,
+foi.”</p>
+
+<p>Fyne, end, <a href = "#line1388">1388</a>, <a href =
+"#line2080">2081</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Fr. <i>fin</i>.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "letter"><a name = "letter_G" id = "letter_G" href =
+"#glossary">Ganith</a>, is suitable for, <a href =
+"#line988">991</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Icel. <i>gegna</i>. J. Compare Dan.
+<i>gavne</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Ganyth, it; it profits; <i>used impersonally</i>, <a href =
+"#line120">121</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">R. <i>gaagner</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Gare, to cause, <a href = "#line908">910</a>, <a href =
+"#line2416">2416</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Dan. <i>giöre</i>; Icel. <i>göra</i>.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "word_gart" id = "word_gart">Gart</a>, caused, <a href =
+"#line264">267</a>, <a href = "#line2776">2777</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Gentilleß, <a href = "#line916">917</a>, <a href =
+"#line1844">1847</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See <i>Gentrice</i>.</p>
+
+<table class = "inline" summary = "paired definition">
+<tr><td>
+Gentrice, <a href = "#line128">130</a>, <a href =
+"#line2756">2757</a>,<br>
+Gentriß, <a href = "#line2788">2790</a>.
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">courtesy, nobleness.</p>
+<p class = "subentry follow">R. <i>gentilesse</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Gere, gear, equipment, armour, <a href = "#line2776">2777</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>gearwa</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Gert, <a href = "#line384">384</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See <a href = "#word_gart"><i>Gart</i></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Giffis, give thou, (lit. give <i>ye</i>, the plural being used in
+addressing the king), <a href = "#line460">463</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>gifan</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Gifyne, given, <a href = "#line1752">1752</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Gilt, offended, done wrong, <a href = "#line696">699</a>, <a href =
+"#line3012">3015</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>gyltan</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Grewhundis, greyhounds, <a href = "#line532">533</a>, <a href =
+"#line536">537</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">“O.N. <i>grey</i>, <i>grey-hundr</i>, a bitch.”
+Wedgwood.</p>
+
+<p>Gowerne the, conduct thyself, <a href = "#line1596">1598</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Grawis, groves, <a href = "#line2480">2481</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Ch. <i>greves</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Gyrß, grass, <a href = "#line8">10</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>gærs</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Gyß, guise, fashion, custom, <a href = "#line544">545</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Ch. <i>gise</i>.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "letter"><a name = "letter_H" id = "letter_H" href =
+"#glossary">Haade</a>, had, <a href = "#line2148">2150</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Habariowne, habergeon, <a href = "#line2888">2889</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">From <i>haubergeon</i>, the French form of Ger.
+<i>halsberge</i>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See <a href =
+"#word_hawbrek"><i>Hawbrek</i></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Habirioune, habergeon, <a href = "#line3380">3380</a>.</p>
+
+<p><ins class = "correction"
+title = "text reads ‘Heill’ but note body text and alphabetization">Haill</ins>, whole, <a href =
+"#line3244">3246</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>hæl</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Haknay, an ambling horse for a lady, <a href =
+"#line1728">1730</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">R. <i>hacquenée</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Half; <i>in the phrase</i> on arthuris <i>half</i>, i.e. on Arthur’s
+<i>side</i>, <a href = "#line880">883</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Compare use of Germ. <i>halb</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Halk, a hawk, <a href = "#line1736">1736</a>, <a href =
+"#line2480">2482</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>hafoc</i>.</p>
+
+<table class = "inline tall" summary = "grouped definition">
+<tr><td>
+Hall,<br>
+Hoil,<br>
+Holl,<br>
+Hail,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">various spellings of Haill, whole.</p>
+
+<p>Hals, neck, <a href = "#line1052">1054</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>hals</i>. Goth. <i>hals</i>.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page121" id =
+"page121">121</a></span>
+<p><a name = "word_hant" id = "word_hant">Hant</a>, to exercise,
+practise, <a href = "#line2188">2191</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Fr. <i>hanter</i>, lit. to frequent.</p>
+
+<table class = "inline" summary = "paired definition">
+<tr><td>
+Hardement, <a href = "#line800">801</a>, <a href =
+"#line2668">2669</a>,<br>
+Hardyment, <a href = "#line900">900</a>, <a href = "#line3360">3362</a>,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">hardihood, boldness.<!-- word moved up to fill space
+left by moving “hood” **P3 put back **F2 reflects on vanity of human
+wishes --></p>
+<p class = "subentry follow">R. <i>hardement</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Harrold, herald, <a href = "#line1044">1047</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Hate, hot, <a href = "#line2552">2552</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Havith, hath, <a href = "#line1940">1940</a>;<br>
+have, <a href = "#line3404">3404</a>.</p>
+
+<table class = "inline" summary = "paired definition">
+<tr><td>
+<a name = "word_hawbrek" id = "word_hawbrek">Hawbrek</a>, <a href =
+"#line1068">1070</a>, <a href = "#line1200">1200</a>,<br>
+Hawbryk, <a href = "#line3112">3112</a>,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">hauberk, neck-defence;</p>
+<p class = "subentry follow">Ger. <i>hals-berge</i>, armour for the
+neck.</p>
+
+<p>Hawnt, to use, <a href = "#line3416">3418</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See <a href = "#word_hant"><i>Hant</i></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Hawntis, exercise, <a href = "#line2772">2772</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "word_he" id = "word_he">He</a>, high, <a href =
+"#line1968">1969</a>, <a href = "#line2552">2552</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>háh</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Hecht, hight, is called, <a href = "#line2140">2140</a>;<br>
+was called, <a href = "#line2288">2290</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Hecht, to promise, <a href = "#line3100">3101</a>;<br>
+promised (<i>past part.</i>), <a href = "#line1140">1142</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>hátan</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Hedis, heads, <a href = "#line536">538</a>, <a href =
+"#line868">869</a>.</p>
+
+<table class = "inline" summary = "paired definition">
+<tr><td>
+Hewy, <a href = "#line440">442</a>,<br>
+Heuy, <a href = "#line456">459</a>,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">heavy.</p>
+<p class = "subentry follow">A.S. <i>hefig</i>.</p>
+
+<table class = "inline" summary = "paired definition">
+<tr><td>
+Hie, <a href = "#line548">550</a>,<br>
+Hye, <a href = "#line296">297</a>,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">high.</p>
+<p class = "subentry follow">See <a href = "#word_he"><i>He</i></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Hienes, highness, <a href = "#line124">126</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Ho, pause, stop, cessation, <a href = "#line2968">2970</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">According to J. radically the same with the verb
+<i>Houe</i>, or <i>How</i> (see <a href =
+"#word_houit"><i>Houit</i></a>). The Dutch, however, use <i>hou</i>,
+hold! from <i>houden</i>, to hold.</p>
+
+<p>Holl, whole, <a href = "#line104">106</a>, <a href =
+"#line744">745</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Hore, hair, <a href = "#line364">365</a>.</p>
+
+<div class = "verse">
+<p>“Holȝe were his yȝen and vnder campe hores.”</p>
+<p class = "author">(Early English Alliterative Poems; <i>ed.</i>
+Morris. See Poem B. l.&nbsp;1695.)</p>
+</div>
+
+<p class = "subentry">The meaning of the line quoted is, “Hollow were
+his eyes, and under bent hairs.”</p>
+
+<p>Hot, hight, was called, <a href = "#line752">754</a>, <a href =
+"#line804">806</a>;<br>
+is called, <a href = "#line1948">1950</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>hátan</i> (neuter).</p>
+
+<p><a name = "word_houit" id = "word_houit">Houit</a>, delayed, tarried,
+halted, <a href = "#line996">996</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">“W. <i>hofian, hofio</i>, to fluctuate, hover,
+suspend,” Morris.</p>
+
+<p>Hovith, stays, halts, <a href = "#line2828">2829</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Howit, halted, <a href = "#line2812">2814</a>, <a href =
+"#line2840">2842</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Howyns, halts, tarries, <a href = "#line2820">2821</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Probably miswritten for “howyng.”</p>
+
+<p>Hufyng, halting, delaying, <a href = "#line1044">1046</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Hundyre, a hundred, <a href = "#line756">756</a>, <a href =
+"#line1552">1554</a>.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "letter"><a name = "letter_I" id = "letter_I" href =
+"#glossary">I</a>, in, <a href = "#line332">332</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Dan. <i>i</i>; Icel. <i>í</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Iclosit, y-closed; i.e. enclosed, shut in, <a href =
+"#line52">53</a>.</p>
+
+<p>If, to give, <a href = "#line552">554</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">In lines <a href = "#line1716">1718-1910</a> the
+word occurs repeatedly in several forms; as <i>iffis</i>, <i>iffith</i>,
+giveth; <i>iffis</i>, give ye (put for give thou); <i>ifyne</i>, given,
+etc.</p>
+
+<p>Ifyne, to give, <a href = "#line3452">3454</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Iftis, gifts, <a href = "#line1740">1741</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">In the line preceding we have <i>giftis</i>.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "word_ilk" id = "word_ilk">Ilk</a>; the ilk (= thilk) that,
+<a href = "#line628">629</a>, <a href = "#line1600">1601</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Literally, the ilk = the same.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>ylc</i>. See <a href =
+"#line1364">1367</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Ilk, each, <a href = "#line2208">2211</a>, etc.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>ælc</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Illumynare, luminary, <a href = "#line1">3</a>.</p>
+
+<table class = "inline" summary = "paired definition">
+<tr><td>
+Incontinent,<br>
+Incontynent,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">immediately, <a href = "#line252">253</a>, <a href =
+"#line1212">1215</a>, <a href = "#line2644">2647</a>, <a href =
+"#line2832">2834</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry follow">Still used in French.</p>
+
+<p>In-to-contynent (= Incontinent), <a href = "#line3020">3020</a>.</p>
+
+<p>In to, used for “in;” <i>passim</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Iornaye, journey, <a href = "#line680">680</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Irk, to become slothful, grow weary, tire, <a href =
+"#line2708">2709</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>eargian</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Iuperty, combat, <a href = "#line2544">2547</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Fr. <i>jeu parti</i>, a thing left undecided;</p>
+<p class = "subentry">hence the meanings, 1. strife, conflict; 2.
+jeopardy, as in Ch.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See J.; and Tyrwhitt’s note to C.&nbsp;T.
+16211.</p>
+
+<table class = "inline" summary = "paired definition">
+<tr><td>
+Iwond, <a href = "#line244">245</a>,<br>
+Iwondit, <a href = "#line224">226</a>,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">wounded.</p>
+<p class = "subentry follow">We find in A.S. both <i>wúnd</i> and
+<i>wúnded</i>.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "word_iwyss" id = "word_iwyss">I-wyß</a>, certainly, of a
+surety, <a href = "#line1708">1709</a>, <a href = "#line1924">1925</a>,
+<a href = "#line1936">1938</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>gewís</i>; Ger. <i>gewiss</i>. Often
+<i>wrongly</i>
+<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page122" id =
+"page122">122</a></span>
+interpreted to mean, <i>I&nbsp;know</i>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See <a href = "#word_wit"><i>Wit</i></a>.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "letter"><a name = "letter_K" id = "letter_K" href =
+"#glossary">Kend</a>, known, <a href = "#line548">548</a>, <a href =
+"#line904">906</a>.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "letter"><a name = "letter_L" id = "letter_L" href =
+"#glossary">Laif</a>, the remainder (lit. what is <i>left</i>), <a href
+= "#line1800">1802</a>, <a href = "#line3472">3472</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>láf</i>. Burns has “the <i>lave</i>.”</p>
+
+<p>Lametable, lamentable, <a href = "#line3264">3265</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">The omission of the <i>n</i> occurs again in
+<a href = "#line2716">l. 2718</a>, where we have <i>lemytable</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Larges, liberality, <a href = "#line608">608</a>, <a href =
+"#line1680">1681</a>, <a href = "#line1748">1750</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Fr. <i>largesse</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Larg, prodigal, profuse, <a href = "#line2432">2434</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Lat, impediment, <a href = "#line956">958</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>lǽtan</i>, means (1) to suffer, (2) to
+hinder.</p>
+
+<p>Lat, to let, permit (used as an auxiliary verb), <a href =
+"#line800">803</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Latith, preventeth, <a href = "#line1924">1927</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Lawrare, a laurel, <a href = "#line80">82</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Ch. <i>laurer</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Learis, liars, <a href = "#line492">493</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Led, put down, beat down, depressed, overpowered, <a href =
+"#line2660">2663</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">It is the past tense of A.S. <i>lecgan</i>, to
+lay, to cause to submit, to kill.</p>
+
+<p>Lef, to live, <a href = "#line564">564</a>, <a href =
+"#line3228">3230</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Leful, lawful, <a href = "#line1424">1427</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Legis, lieges, subjects, <a href = "#line1956">1957</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">R. <i>lige</i>; Lat. <i>ligatus</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Leich, leech, physician, <a href = "#line104">106</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>lǽce</i>; Dan. <i>læge</i>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See <a href = "#line520">520</a>, <a href =
+"#line2056">2056</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Leif, to live, <a href = "#line952">952</a>, <a href =
+"#line1392">1392</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>lybban</i>; Goth. <i>liban</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Leir, to learn, <a href = "#line1992">1993</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Comp. D. <i>leeren</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Lest, to list, to please, <a href = "#line552">555</a>, <a href =
+"#line620">621</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>lystan</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Lest, to last out against, sustain, <a href = "#line808">811</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>lǽstan</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Lest, least, <a href = "#line1628">1628</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Let, hindrance, <a href = "#line2492">2495</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Leuch, laughed, <a href = "#line3240">3240</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>hlihan</i>, past tense <i>ic hloh</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Lewis, liveth, <a href = "#line1208">1209</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Lewith, left, deserted, <a href = "#line1852">1854</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Liging, <a href = "#line376">376</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">The sense requires <i>lay</i>, i.e. the <i>3rd p.
+s. pt. t. indic.</i>, but properly the word is the present participle,
+<i>lying</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Longith, belongeth, <a href = "#line736">738</a>, <a href =
+"#line1920">1921</a>, <a href = "#line2428">2429</a>, <a href =
+"#line2776">2778</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Compare Dan. <i>lange</i>, to reach.</p>
+
+<p>Longith, belonged, <a href = "#line3240">3242</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Longyne, belonging, <a href = "#line432">433</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Lorn, lost, <a href = "#line2092">2092</a>;<br>
+destroyed, <a href = "#line2740">2740</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See <i>For-lorn</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Loß, praise, <a href = "#line1776">1777</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Lat. <i>laus</i>. Ch. has <i>losed</i>,
+praised.</p>
+
+<table class = "inline" summary = "paired definition">
+<tr><td>
+Low,<br>
+Lowe,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">(1) law, <a href = "#line1600">1602</a>, <a href =
+"#line1628">1628</a>, <a href = "#line1636">1636</a>, etc.</p>
+<p class = "subentry follow">(2) love, <a href = "#line28">29</a>,
+<a href = "#line1620">1620</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry follow">It is sometimes hard to say which is
+meant.</p>
+<p class = "subentry follow">Compare Dan. <i>lov</i>, law; A.S.
+<i>luf</i>, love.</p>
+
+<p>Luges, tents, <a href = "#line872">874</a>, <a href =
+"#line880">881</a>, <a href = "#line2500">2500</a>, <a href =
+"#line2680">2680</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Fr. <i>loge</i>, <i>logis</i>; Ger. <i>laube</i>,
+a bower, from <i>laub</i>, foliage; Gothic <i>laúf</i>, a leaf.</p>
+
+<p>Lugyne, a lodging, tent, <a href = "#line888">891</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Lyt, a little, <a href = "#line1232">1233</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">At lyte, in little, used as an expletive, <a href
+= "#line140">143</a>.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "letter"><ins class = "correction"
+title = "text has ; for ,"><a name = "letter_M" id = "letter_M" href = "#glossary">Ma</a>,</ins>
+short form of <a name = "word_ma" id = "word_ma">Make</a>, <a href =
+"#line952">953</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Maad, made, <a href = "#line696">697</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Magre of, in spite of, <a href = "#line500">500</a>, <a href =
+"#line960">960</a>, <a href = "#line2676">2679</a>, <a href =
+"#line2700">2702</a>, <a href = "#line2708">2711</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Sometimes “magre” is found without “of.”</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Fr. <i>mal gré</i>.</p>
+
+<table class = "inline" summary = "paired definition">
+<tr><td>
+Matalent,<br>
+Matelent,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">displeasure, anger, <a href = "#line2168">2169</a>,
+<a href = "#line2660">2660</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry follow">In both cases Mr Stevenson wrongly has
+<i>maltalent</i>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">R. <i>maltalent, mautalent</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Mayne, <a href = "#line1024">1026</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See <a href = "#word_men"><i>Men</i></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Medyre, mediator (?), <a href = "#line1624">1624</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">I am not at all sure of this word, but we find in
+R. many strange forms of “mediator,” such as <i>méener, méeisneres</i>,
+etc. In the Supplement to the “Dictionnaire de l’Academie” we find
+<i>mediaire</i>, qui occupe le milieu, from Low Lat.
+<i>mediarius</i>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">N.B.
+<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page123" id =
+"page123">123</a></span>
+In the MS. the “d” is indistinct.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See <i>mediare</i> in Ducange.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "word_meit" id = "word_meit">Meit</a>, to dream, <a href =
+"#line360">363</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>mætan</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Mekill, much, <a href = "#line876">876</a>, <a href =
+"#line1236">1236</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Mokil, <a href = "#line1264">1265</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Melle, contest, battle, <a href = "#line2616">2619</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Fr. <i>melée</i>, J.</p>
+
+<p>Memoratyve, mindful, bearing in remembrance, <a href =
+"#line1428">1430</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Fr. <i>mémoratif</i>.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "word_men" id = "word_men">Men</a>, mean, way; “be ony men”
+= by any means, <a href = "#line2364">2366</a>;<br>
+so, too, “be ony mayne,” <a href = "#line1024">1026</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Fr. <i>moyen</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Men, to tell, declare, <a href = "#line508">510</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>mænan</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Menye, a company, multitude (without special reference to number);
+whence “a&nbsp;few menye,” a&nbsp;small company, <a href =
+"#line748">751</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Apparently from A.S. <i>menigu</i>; Ger.
+<i>menge</i>; but it may have nothing to do with the modern word
+<i>many</i>, and is more probably from the O.F. <i>maisnée</i>, a
+household.</p>
+
+<p>Met, dreamt, <a href = "#line440">440</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See <a href = "#word_meit"><i>Meit</i></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Meyne, <a href = "#line40">41</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See <a href = "#word_men"><i>Men</i></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Misgyit, misguided, <a href = "#line1660">1663</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">R. <i>guier</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Mo, more, <a href = "#line3184">3187</a>, etc.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>má</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Mon, man, <a href = "#line96">96</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Moneth, month, <a href = "#line568">569</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>mónáð</i>; Goth. <i>menoth</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Morow, morning, <a href = "#line1">1</a>, <a href = "#line28">30</a>,
+<a href = "#line64">64</a>, <a href = "#line340">341</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Goth. <i>maúrgins</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Mot, must, <a href = "#line192">195</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>ic mót</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Mys, a fault, <a href = "#line1888">1888</a>, <a href =
+"#line1936">1937</a>, <a href = "#line3228">3230</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>mis</i>. Do o myß, to commit a fault,
+<a href = "#line1924">1926</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Mysour, measure, <a href = "#line1828">1830</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Myster, need, <a href = "#line1876">1877</a>, <a href =
+"#line2320">2322</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Ch. <i>mistere</i>; R. <i>mester</i>; Lat.
+<i>ministerium</i>. Cf. Ital. <i>mestiere</i>.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "letter"><a name = "letter_N" id = "letter_N" href =
+"#glossary">Nat</a>, <a name = "word_nat" id = "word_nat">naught</a>,
+<a href = "#line700">703</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Shortened from A.S. <i>ná wuht</i>, i.e. <i>no
+whit</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Nece, nephew, <a href = "#line2200">2200</a>, <a href =
+"#line2244">2245</a>, <a href = "#line2720">2720</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">R. <i>niez</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Nedlyngis, of necessity, <a href = "#line2336">2337</a>, J.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>neádinga</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Nemmyt, considered, estimated, <a href = "#line648">649</a>, <a href
+= "#line2852">2852</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>nemnan</i>, to name, call.</p>
+
+<p>Ner, near, <a href = "#line440">441</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Neulyngis, newly, again, <a href = "#line36">36</a>, J.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>níwe-líce</i> (?).</p>
+
+<p>Newis, for Nevis, nieves, fists, <a href = "#line1220">1222</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Icel. <i>hnefi</i>. Dan. <i>næve</i>. Burns has
+<i>nieve</i>; Shakspeare <i>neif</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Noght, not, <a href = "#line1180">1182</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Noiß, nose, <a href = "#line2712">2714</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">R. <i>néis</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Nome, name, <a href = "#line224">226</a>, <a href =
+"#line320">320</a>, <a href = "#line1544">1546</a>, <a href =
+"#line3340">3341</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Fr. <i>nomme</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Nome, took, <a href = "#line588">591</a>, <a href =
+"#line1048">1048</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>niman</i>, past tense, <i>ic nám</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Northest, north-east, <a href = "#line676">677</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Not (shortened from Ne wot), know not, <a href = "#line520">522</a>,
+<a href = "#line3144">3144</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>nát</i>, from <i>nitan</i> = <i>ne
+witan</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Not, naught, <a href = "#line720">720</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See <a href = "#word_nat"><i>Nat</i></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Noyith, annoyeth, <a href = "#line904">904</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Fr. <i>nuire</i>. Lat. <i>nocere</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Noyt, annoyed, offended, <a href = "#line468">471</a>.</p>
+
+<table class = "inline" summary = "paired definition">
+<tr><td>
+Nys,<br>
+Nyce,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">(nice), foolish, <a href = "#line124">127</a>,
+<a href = "#line1944">1946</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry follow">Fr. <i>niais</i>.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "letter"><a name = "letter_O" id = "letter_O" href =
+"#glossary">O</a>, a, an, <i>passim</i>; one, a single, <a href =
+"#line2996">2998</a>, <a href = "#line3000">3003</a>, <a href =
+"#line3392">3393</a>, etc.</p>
+
+<p>Obeisand, obedient, <a href = "#line640">641</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Obeß, obey, <a href = "#line2132">2134</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Oblist, obliged, <a href = "#line968">969</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Occupye, to use, employ, <a href = "#line3456">3457</a>;<br>
+to dwell, <a href = "#line72">75</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Lat. <i>occupare</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Of, with, <a href = "#line64">66</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Oft-syß, oft-times, <a href = "#line2304">2304</a>, <a href =
+"#line2592">2594</a>, <a href = "#line2788">2789</a>, <a href =
+"#line2884">2885</a>, <a href = "#line2928">2929</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See <a href = "#word_syss"><i>Syß</i></a>.</p>
+
+<p>On, and, <a href = "#line516">519</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Possibly a mistake.</p>
+
+<p>One, on, often used for In; One to = unto.</p>
+
+<table class = "inline tall" summary = "grouped definition">
+<tr><td>
+Onan,<br>
+Onone,<br>
+Onon,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">anon, <a href = "#line156">158</a>, <a href =
+"#line1464">1466</a>, <a href = "#line2600">2602</a>, etc.</p>
+<p class = "subentry follow">The form “onan,” <a href = "#line3084">l.
+3086</a>, suggests the
+<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page124" id =
+"page124">124</a></span>
+derivation of <i>anon</i>; viz. from A.S. <i>on-án</i>, in one; hence,
+forthwith, immediately.</p>
+
+<p>Onys, once, at some time or other, <a href =
+"#line3012">3013</a>;</p>
+<p class = "subentry">at onys, at once, <a href =
+"#line3184">3187</a>.</p>
+
+<table class = "inline" summary = "paired definition">
+<tr><td>
+Opin, <a href = "#line1284">1286</a>,<br>
+Opine, <a href = "#line12">13</a>,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">open.</p>
+
+<p>Or, ere, before, <a href = "#line76">77</a>, <a href =
+"#line1884">1887</a>, <a href = "#line2544">2545</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>ǽr</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Ordand, to set in array, <a href = "#line784">784</a>;<br>
+to prepare, procure, <a href = "#line1712">1713</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">R. <i>ordener</i>; Lat. <i>ordinare</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Ordan, to provide, <a href = "#line2416">2416</a>, <a href =
+"#line2776">2777</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Ordynat, ordained, <a href = "#line488">490</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See <a href = "#line504">l. 507</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Orest (= Arest), to arrest, stop, <a href = "#line3184">3186</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Orient, east, <a href = "#line4">5</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Oucht, it; it is the duty of (= Lat. <i>debet</i>), <a href =
+"#line2992">2995</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Strictly, we should here have had “it owes”
+(<i>debet</i>), not “it ought” (<i>debuit</i>).</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See <a href = "#word_aw"><i>Aw</i></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Ourfret, over-adorned, decked out, <a href = "#line68">71</a>,
+<a href = "#line2480">2480</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>frætwian</i>, to trim, adorn.</p>
+
+<p>Out-throng (= Lat. <i>expressit</i>), expressed, uttered, <a href =
+"#line64">65</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>út</i>, out, and <i>þringan</i>, to
+press.</p>
+
+<p>Owtrag, outrage, <a href = "#line3452">3454</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">R. <i>outrage</i>; Ital. <i>oltraggio</i>, from
+Lat. <i>ultra</i>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">The MS. has <i>outray</i>, probably owing to
+confusion with <i>affray</i> in the same line.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">We find “owtrag” in <a href = "#line2576">l.
+2578</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Oyß, to use, <a href = "#line1700">1701</a>, J.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "letter"><a name = "letter_P" id = "letter_P" href =
+"#glossary">Paid</a>, pleased; ill paid, displeased, <a href =
+"#line908">908</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Low Lat. <i>pagare</i>, to pay, satisfy.</p>
+
+<p>Palȝonis, pavilions, tents, <a href = "#line732">734</a>;</p>
+<p class = "subentry"><i>plural of</i></p>
+
+<p>Palȝoune, a pavilion, a tent, <a href = "#line1304">1305</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">R. gives <i>pavillon</i>, a tent; cf. Low Lat.
+<i>papilio</i>, a tent.</p>
+
+<p>Pan, pain, <a href = "#line1272">1273</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Pas hyme, to pace, go, <a href = "#line360">362</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Paß, to go, <a href = "#line1212">1213</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Pasing, pacing, departing, <a href = "#line368">371</a>;<br>
+surpassing, <a href = "#line300">303</a>, <a href = "#line344">346</a>,
+<a href = "#line688">689</a>, etc.</p>
+
+<p>Pens, to think of, <a href = "#line1428">1431</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Fr. <i>penser</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Planly, at once, <a href = "#line3316">3319</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">J. gives “Playn, out of hand, like Fr. <i>de
+plain</i>.” In the same line “of” = off.</p>
+
+<p>Plant, plaint, complaint, <a href = "#line136">137</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Fr. <i>plainte</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Plesance, Plesans, pleasure, <a href = "#line940">941</a>, <a href =
+"#line1936">1939</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Plessith, pleases, <a href = "#line68">68</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Possede, to possess, <a href = "#line576">578</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Fr. <i>posseder</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Poware, a power, a strong band of men, <a href =
+"#line2644">2647</a>. We now say <i>force</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Powert, poverty, <a href = "#line1328">1330</a>, <a href =
+"#line1744">1744</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Pref, to prove, <a href = "#line2228">2229</a>, <a href =
+"#line3476">3476</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Prekand, pricking, spurring, <a href = "#line3088">3089</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See the very first l. of Spenser’s <i>Faerie
+Queene</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Prekyne, <a href = "#line2888">2890</a>, showy(?), gaudy(?).</p>
+<p class = "subentry">J. gives “Preek, to be spruce; to crest; as ‘A bit
+<i>preekin</i> bodie,’ one attached to dress; <i>to prick</i>, to dress
+oneself.”</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Compare D. <i>prijcken</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Pretend, to attempt, aspire to, <a href = "#line3280">3282</a>,
+<a href = "#line3464">3465</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Fr. <i>prétendre</i>. So, too, in lines <a href =
+"#line556">559</a>, <a href = "#line580">583</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Pretendit, endeavour, attempt, <a href = "#line3440">3442</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Process, narration, <a href = "#line316">316</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Wright gives “Proces, a story or relation, a
+process.” The writer is referring to his prologue or introduction.</p>
+
+<p>Promyt, to promise, <a href = "#line964">965</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Proponit, proposed, <a href = "#line360">361</a>, <a href =
+"#line444">445</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Pupil, people, <a href = "#line284">285</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Puple, people, <a href = "#line1364">1367</a>, <a href =
+"#line1496">1498</a>, <a href = "#line1520">1520</a>.</p>
+
+<table class = "inline tall" summary = "grouped definition">
+<tr><td>
+Pur, <a href = "#line1648">1648</a>,<br>
+Pure, <a href = "#line1696">1697</a>,<br>
+Pwre, <a href = "#line1652">1655</a>,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">poor.</p>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page125" id =
+"page125">125</a></span>
+</div>
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "letter"><a name = "letter_Q" id = "letter_Q" href =
+"#glossary">Quh-</a>. Words beginning thus begin in modern English with
+Wh. Thus, Quhen = when, etc.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Quhilk (whilk), which, <a href = "#line184">184</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>hwylc</i> = Lat. <i>qualis</i> rather than
+<i>qui</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Quhill, while, <i>used as a noun</i>, <a href = "#line1228">1229</a>,
+<a href = "#line1292">1293</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>hwíl</i>, a period of time.</p>
+
+<p>Quhill, until, <a href = "#line24">24</a>, <a href =
+"#line196">198</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See <a href = "#word_whill"><i>Whill</i></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Quhy; the quhy = the why, the reason, <a href = "#line120">123</a>,
+<a href = "#line1496">1497</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Qwhelis, wheels, <a href = "#line736">736</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>hweol</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Qwheyar, whether, <a href = "#line1184">1187</a>.</p>
+
+<table class = "inline" summary = "paired definition">
+<tr><td>
+Quhois,<br>
+Qwhois,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">whose, <a href = "#line168">171</a>, <a href =
+"#line1296">1297</a>.</p>
+
+
+<div class = "allclear">
+<p class = "letter"><a name = "letter_R" id = "letter_R" href =
+"#glossary">Rachis</a>, hounds, <a href = "#line528">531</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Su-G. <i>racka</i>, a bitch, which from the v.
+<i>racka</i>, to race, course. Perhaps connected with <i>brach</i>.</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Radur, fear, <a href = "#line1488">1489</a>, J.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">From Su-G. <i>rædd</i>, fearful; Dan.
+<i>ræd</i>.</p>
+
+<table class = "inline" summary = "paired definition">
+<tr><td>
+Raddour, <a href = "#line2132">2133</a>,<br>
+Radour, <a href = "#line1832">1835</a>, <a href = "#line3464">3465</a>,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">fear.</p>
+
+<p>Raid, rode, <a href = "#line3068">3070</a>, <a href =
+"#line3260">3260</a>, etc.</p>
+
+<p>Ralef, relieve, <a href = "#line3364">3364</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Ramed, remedy, <a href = "#line116">117</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See <a href = "#word_remed"><i>Remed</i></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Randoune, in, <a href = "#line2540">2542</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">The corresponding line (<a href = "#line736">l.
+739</a>) suggests that <i>in Randoune</i> = <i>al about</i>, i.e. in a
+circuit. But if we translate it by “in haste,” or “in great force,” we
+keep nearer to the true etymology. In Ogilvie’s Imperial Dictionary,
+<i>s.v.</i> Random, we find the Nor. Fr. <i>randonnée</i> explained to
+mean the “sweeping circuit made by a wounded and frightened animal;” but
+the true meaning of <i>randonnée</i> is certainly <i>force,
+impetuosity</i>; see R., Cotgrave, etc. In Danish, <i>rand</i> is a
+surrounding edge or margin; while in Dutch we find <i>rondom</i> round
+about.</p>
+
+<p>Raquer, require, <a href = "#line2408">2409</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Raß, race, swift course, <a href = "#line3088">3088</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>rǽs</i>. Compare Eng. <i>mill-race</i>,
+and D. <i>ras</i>.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "word_recidens" id = "word_recidens">Recidens</a>, delay,
+<a href = "#line2356">2359</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">R. <i>residier</i>, to defer.</p>
+
+<p>Recist, resist, <a href = "#line564">566</a>, <a href =
+"#line660">660</a>, <a href = "#line2576">2578</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Recounterit, met (in a hostile manner), encountered, <a href =
+"#line2956">2958</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Fr. <i>rencontrer</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Record, witness, testimony; hence value, <a href =
+"#line388">388</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">R. <i>record</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Recorde, to speak of, mention;</p>
+<p class = "subentry">hard recorde, heard say, <a href =
+"#line120">121</a>, <a href = "#line592">595</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Recorde, speak out, <a href = "#line452">454</a>, <a href =
+"#line480">481</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See R. <i>recorder</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Recordith, is suitable, belongs, <a href = "#line604">606</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Recourse, to return, <a href = "#line1796">1798</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Lat. <i>recurrere</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Red, to advise, <a href = "#line1024">1027</a>, <a href =
+"#line1196">1198</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>rǽdan</i>; Goth. <i>rêdan</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Relewit (relieved), lifted up again, rescued, <a href =
+"#line2616">2617</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Fr. <i>relever</i>. J.</p>
+
+<table class = "inline" summary = "paired definition">
+<tr><td>
+<a name = "word_remed" id = "word_remed">Remede</a>, <a href =
+"#line88">89</a>,<br>
+Remed, <a href = "#line716">718</a>,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">remedy.</p>
+
+<p>Remuf, remove, <a href = "#line652">655</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Report, to narrate, <a href = "#line264">266</a>;<br>
+to explain, <a href = "#line292">294</a>;<br>
+to state, <a href = "#line320">320</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Reprefe, reproof, defeat, <a href = "#line764">764</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Reput, he reputed, i.e. thought, considered, <a href =
+"#line740">743</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Resauit, received, <a href = "#line2796">2796</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Resawit, received, kept, <a href = "#line2104">2106</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">We should have expected to find “reseruit.”</p>
+
+<p>Resonite, resounded, <a href = "#line64">66</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Resydens, <ins class = "correction" title = ", missing">delay,</ins>
+<a href = "#line668">670</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See <a href =
+"#word_recidens"><i>Recidens</i></a>.</p>
+
+<table class = "inline tall" summary = "grouped definition">
+<tr><td>
+Revare, <a href = "#line272">275</a>,<br>
+Rewar, <a href = "#line2892">2893</a>,<br>
+Rewere, <a href = "#line2812">2812</a>,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">river.</p>
+
+<p>Reweyll, proud, haughty, <a href = "#line2852">2853</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">R. <i>revelé</i>, fier, hautain, orgueilleux.
+Compare Lat. <i>rebellare</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Richwysneß, righteousness, <a href = "#line1404">1406</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>rihtwísnes</i>.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page126" id =
+"page126">126</a></span>
+
+<table class = "inline tall" summary = "grouped definition">
+<tr><td>
+Rigne, <a href = "#line92">94</a>, <a href = "#line1524">1527</a>,<br>
+Ring, <a href = "#line1468">1468</a>,<br>
+Ringe, <a href = "#line1324">1325</a>,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">a kingdom.</p>
+<p class = "subentry follow">Fr. <i>régne</i>. Ch. <i>regne</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Rignis, kingdoms, <a href = "#line1856">1858</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Rignis, Rignith, reigneth, <a href = "#line1824">1825</a>, <a href =
+"#line780">782</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Ringne, a kingdom, <a href = "#line1952">1952</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Rout, a company, a band, <a href = "#line812">812</a>, <a href =
+"#line2956">2956</a>, <a href = "#line3400">3403</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Rowt, <a href = "#line2600">2600</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Rowmyth, roometh, i.e. makes void, empties, <a href =
+"#line3388">3390</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>rúmian</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Rown, run; <i>past part.</i> <a href = "#line2488">2488</a>, <a href
+= "#line2820">2820</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Rwn, run, <a href = "#line2544">2545</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Rygnis, kingdoms, <a href = "#line1904">1904</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Ryne, to run, <a href = "#line112">113</a>. See <a href =
+"#line2952">2952</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Ryng, to reign, <a href = "#line1408">1409</a>, <a href =
+"#line2128">2130</a>.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "letter"><a name = "letter_S" id = "letter_S" href =
+"#glossary">Sa</a>, so, <a href = "#line3320">3322</a>, <a href =
+"#line3404">3406</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Dan. <i>saa</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Saade, said, <a href = "#line696">698</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Salust, saluted, <a href = "#line544">546</a>, <a href =
+"#line916">919</a>, <a href = "#line1552">1553</a>, <a href =
+"#line2748">2749</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Ch. <i>salewe</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Salosing, salutation, <a href = "#line1308">1309</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Sar, sorely, <a href = "#line1660">1660</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Sauch, saw, <a href = "#line816">817</a>, <a href =
+"#line1216">1219</a>, <a href = "#line1224">1225</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>ic seáh</i>, from <i>seón</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Schawin, shewn, <a href = "#line2384">2387</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Schent, disgraced, ruined, <a href = "#line1880">1880</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>scendan</i>; Dan. <i>skiænde</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Schrewit, accursed, <a href = "#line1944">1945</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Scilla, the name of a bird, also called Ciris, <a href =
+"#line2480">2483</a>.</p>
+
+<div class = "verse">
+<p>&mdash;&mdash;“plumis in avem mutata vocatur</p>
+<p>Ciris, et a tonso est hoc nomen adepta capillo.”</p>
+<p class = "author">(Ovid, Met. viii. <a href = "#line148">150</a>.)</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Screwis, shrews, ill-natured persons, <a href =
+"#line1052">1053</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">More often used of males than females in old
+authors.</p>
+
+<p>Sedulis, letters, <a href = "#line140">142</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">R. <i>cedule</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Sege, a seat, <a href = "#line2256">2258</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Fr. <i>siége</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Semble, a warlike assembly, hostile gathering, <a href =
+"#line988">988</a>, <a href = "#line2204">2206</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Semblit, assembled, <a href = "#line844">845</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">G. <i>sammeln</i>; from Goth. <i>sama</i>,
+<i>samana</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Semblyng, encountering, <a href = "#line2948">2951</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See <a href =
+"#word_assemble"><i>Assemble</i></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Sen, since, <a href = "#line708">709</a>, <a href =
+"#line800">800</a>, etc.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Sen at, since that. In Piers Plowman we find
+<i>syn</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Septure, sceptre, <a href = "#line664">666</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Sere, several, various, <a href = "#line592">594</a>, <a href =
+"#line728">731</a>, <a href = "#line744">746</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">“Su-G. <i>sær</i>, adv. denoting separation.” J.
+Cf. Lat. <i>se-</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Sess, to cease, <a href = "#line12">14</a>, etc.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Fr. <i>cesser</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Set, although.</p>
+
+<p>Sew, to follow up, seek, <a href = "#line2324">2326</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">R. <i>suir</i>; Fr. <i>suivre</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Sew, to follow up, go, proceed, <a href = "#line3144">3145</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Sewyt, <a href = "#line2612">2614</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Shauyth, shewith, <a href = "#line412">412</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Sice, such, <a href = "#line2112">2115</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Scotch, <i>sic</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Snybbyth, snubs, checks, <a href = "#line3384">3387</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Comp. D. <i>sneb</i>, a beak; <i>snebbig</i>,
+snappish.</p>
+
+<p>Sobing, sobbing, moaning, <a href = "#line2656">2658</a>.</p>
+
+<table class = "inline" summary = "paired definition">
+<tr><td>
+Socht,<br>
+Soght,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">sought to go; and hence, made his (or their) way,
+proceeded, went, <a href = "#line2616">2619</a>, <a href =
+"#line3176">3179</a>, <a href = "#line3356">3357</a>, <a href =
+"#line3428">3428</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry follow">Sought one, advanced upon, attacked,
+<a href = "#line3148">3149</a>, <a href = "#line3308">3311</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry follow">Sought to, made his way to, <a href =
+"#line3128">3130</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry follow">A.S. <i>sécan</i>, past tense <i>ic
+sóhte</i>, to seek, approach, go towards.</p>
+
+<p>Sor, sorrow, anxiety, <a href = "#line72">74</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>sorh</i>; Goth. <i>saúrga</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Sort, lot, fate, <a href = "#line24">26</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Fr. <i>sort</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Sound, to be consonant with, <a href = "#line148">149</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See Gloss. to Tyrwhitt’s Chaucer.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Lat. <i>sonare</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Soundith, <a href = "#line1808">1811</a>. “So the puple soundith,” so
+the opinion of the people tends.</p>
+
+<div class = "verse">
+<p>“As fer as <i>souneth</i> into honestee.”</p>
+<p class = "author">(Chaucer: <i>Monkes Prologue</i>.)</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Soundith, tend, <a href = "#line1940">1943</a>;<br>
+tends, <a href = "#line148">149</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Sown, sound, <a href = "#line1032">1035</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Fr. <i>son</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Sownis, sounds, <a href = "#line772">772</a>, <a href =
+"#line3436">3436</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Spent, fastened, clasped, <a href = "#line2808">2809</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>spannan</i>, to clasp, join. Comp. Dan.
+<i>spænde</i>, to stretch, span, buckle together.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page127" id =
+"page127">127</a></span>
+<table class = "inline" summary = "paired definition">
+<tr><td>
+Spere,<br>
+Spir,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">sphere, <a href = "#line4">6</a>, <a href =
+"#line168">170</a>;</p>
+<p class = "subentry follow">speris, spheres, circuits, <a href =
+"#line24">24</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Spere, to inquire, <a href = "#line1168">1170</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>spirian</i>, to track. Cf. G.
+<i>spur</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Sperithis, spear’s, <a href = "#line808">810</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Spill, to destroy, ruin, <a href = "#line1988">1990</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>spillan</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Spreit, spirit, <a href = "#line80">81</a>, <a href =
+"#line364">364</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Stak, <a href = "#line224">226</a>. J. gives “to the steeks,
+<i>completely</i>;” and this is the sense here.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See Jamieson: s.v. “Steik.” Halliwell gives
+<i>stake</i>, to block up; also <i>steck</i>, a stopping place (cf.
+Shakespeare’s <i>sticking-place</i>, Macb. i. vii. l.&nbsp;60). In the
+N. of France it is said of one killed or severely wounded, <i>il a eu
+son estoque</i>, he has had his belly-ful; from <i>estoquer</i>, to
+cram, satiate, “stodge.”</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Compare Ital. <i>stucco</i>, cloyed. It has also
+been suggested that <i>to the stak</i> may mean to the <i>stock</i>,
+i.e. up to the hilt, very deeply.</p>
+
+<p>Start, started up, leapt, <a href = "#line992">994</a>, <a href =
+"#line1092">1094</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Stede, stead, place, <a href = "#line216">218</a>, <a href =
+"#line1124">1124</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>stede</i>.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "word_steir" id = "word_steir">Steir</a>, to stir, <a href
+= "#line816">817</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>stirian</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Stekith, shuts, <a href = "#line1648">1651</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Ger. <i>stecken</i>. Burns has <i>steek</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Stek, shut, concluded, <a href = "#line316">316</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Stell, steel, <a href = "#line808">809</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Stell commonly means a stall, or fixed place; but
+the form <i>stell</i> for <i>steel</i> occurs; e.g. “Brounstelle was
+heuy and also kene.” <i>Arthur</i>, l.&nbsp;97.</p>
+
+<table class = "inline" summary = "paired definition">
+<tr><td>
+Sterapis, <a href = "#line3056">3056</a>,<br>
+Steropis, <a href = "#line3132">3132</a>,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">stirrups.</p>
+<p class = "subentry follow">A.S. <i>stí-rap</i> or <i>stíge-ráp</i>,
+from <i>stígan</i>, to mount, and <i>ráp</i>, rope.</p>
+
+<p>Stere, ruler, arbiter, <a href = "#line1020">1020</a>;<br>
+control, guidance, <a href = "#line1972">1974</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Stere, to rule, control, <a href = "#line1344">1344</a>, <a href =
+"#line2884">2884</a>,</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>stýran</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Stere, to stir, move, go, <a href = "#line3428">3430</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See <a href = "#word_steir"><i>Steir</i></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Sterith, stirreth, <a href = "#line2828">2829</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Sterf, to die, <a href = "#line1028">1028</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>steorfan</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Sterit, governed, <a href = "#line612">612</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>stýran</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Stert, started, <a href = "#line376">377</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Stok, the stake to which a baited bear is chained, <a href =
+"#line3384">3386</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Stour, conflict, <a href = "#line1108">1108</a>, <a href =
+"#line2604">2607</a>, <a href = "#line3124">3124</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">R. <i>estour</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Straucht, stretched out, <a href = "#line3088">3090</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>streccan</i>, past part.
+<i>gestreht</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Strekith, stretcheth, i.e. exciteth to his full stride, <a href =
+"#line3080">3082</a>.</p>
+
+<table class = "inline tall" summary = "grouped definition">
+<tr><td>
+Subiet, <a href = "#line1796">1799</a>,<br>
+<ins class = "correction"
+title = "body text has ‘subectis’">Subeitis</ins>, <a href = "#line1828">1828</a>,<br>
+Subiettis, <a href = "#line1876">1878</a>,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">subject; subjects.</p>
+
+<p>Sudandly, Sodandly, suddenly, <a href = "#line1008">1009</a>, <a href
+= "#line1876">1876</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Suet, sweet, <a href = "#line328">331</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Suppris, (surprise), overwhelming power, <a href =
+"#line688">691</a>, <a href = "#line860">860</a>, <a href =
+"#line2648">2651</a>;<br>
+oppression, <a href = "#line1352">1352</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Fr. <i>surprendre</i>, to catch unawares.</p>
+
+<p>Supprisit, overwhelmed, <a href = "#line1236">1237</a>, <a href =
+"#line1280">1282</a>;<br>
+overpowered, <a href = "#line2704">2705</a>, <a href =
+"#line3208">3208</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Supprisit ded, suddenly killed, <a href =
+"#line3124">3125</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Surryȝenis, surgeons, <a href = "#line2724">2726</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "word_suth" id = "word_suth">Suth</a>, sooth, true, <a href
+= "#line108">110</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>sóð</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Suthfastnes, truth, <a href = "#line1180">1183</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>sóðfæstnes</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Sutly, soothly, truly, <a href = "#line960">963</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Swelf, a gulf such as is in the centre of a whirlpool, a vortex,
+<a href = "#line1316">1318</a>, J.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>swelgan</i>, to swallow up.</p>
+
+<p>Sweuen, a dream, <a href = "#line440">440</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>swefn</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Swth, sooth, true, <a href = "#line2752">2753</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See <a href = "#word_suth"><i>Suth</i></a>.</p>
+
+<table class = "inline" summary = "paired definition">
+<tr><td>
+Syne, <a href = "#line2024">2026</a>,<br>
+Synne, <a href = "#line2028">2029</a>,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">sin.</p>
+
+<p>Syne, afterwards, next. J. <a href = "#line44">45</a>, <a href =
+"#line792">794</a>, etc.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "word_syss" id = "word_syss">Syß</a>, times, <a href =
+"#line3052">3054</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>sið</i>.</p>
+
+
+<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page128" id =
+"page128">128</a></span>
+
+
+<table class = "inline letter" summary = "grouped definition">
+<tr><td>
+<a name = "letter_T" id = "letter_T" href = "#glossary">Tais</a>,
+<a href = "#line1092">1095</a>, <a href = "#line3004">3005</a>,<br>
+Taiis, <a href = "#line1140">1141</a>.
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">&nbsp;<br>takes. Abbreviated, as “ma” is from
+“make.”</p>
+<p class = "subentry follow">See <a href = "#word_ma"><i>Ma</i></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Tane, taken, <a href = "#line264">264</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Ten, grief, vexation, <a href = "#line2644">2646</a>, <a href =
+"#line3236">3237</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>teonan</i>, to vex.</p>
+
+<p>Tennandis, tennants, vassals holding fiefs, <a href =
+"#line1728">1729</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">R. <i>tenancier</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Than, then, <a href = "#line3108">3111</a>.</p>
+
+<p>The, (1) they, (2) thee, (3) thy.</p>
+
+<p>Thelke, that, <a href = "#line708">709</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See <a href = "#line628">l. 629</a>, where <i>the
+ilk</i> occurs; and see <a href = "#word_ilk"><i>Ilk</i></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Thir, these, those, <a href = "#line2732">2734</a>, <a href =
+"#line2744">2745</a>, <a href = "#line2908">2911</a>, <a href =
+"#line3108">3110</a>, etc.</p>
+
+<p>Thithingis, tidings, <a href = "#line2276">2279</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>tidan</i>, to happen.</p>
+
+<p>Tho, then, <a href = "#line544">545</a>, <a href =
+"#line2220">2221</a>;<br>
+them, <a href = "#line2368">2368</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Thoore, there, <a href = "#line628">628</a>. Thore, <a href =
+"#line1100">1102</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Thrid, third, <a href = "#line368">370</a>, <a href =
+"#line2344">2347</a>, <a href = "#line2400">2401</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>þridda</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Throng, closely pressed, crowded, <a href = "#line3364">3366</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>þringan</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Til, to; til have, to have, <a href = "#line704">706</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Tint, lost, <a href = "#line1384">1384</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See <a href = "#word_tyne"><i>Tyne</i></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Tithandis, tidings, <a href = "#line2308">2310</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Tithingis, tidings, <a href = "#line900">902</a>, <a href =
+"#line2336">2336</a>.</p>
+
+<p>To, too, besides, <a href = "#line3044">3045</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Togidder, together, <a href = "#line252">254</a>.</p>
+
+<p>To-kerwith, carves or cuts to pieces; al to-kerwith, cuts all to
+pieces, <a href = "#line868">868</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>to-ceorfian</i>. The prefix <i>to-</i> is
+intensive, and forms a part of the verb. See Judges ix. <a href =
+"#line52">53</a>: “All to-brake his skull;” i.e. utterly brake;
+sometimes misprinted “all to break” (!).</p>
+
+<p>Ton, taken, <a href = "#line1052">1054</a>, <a href =
+"#line1068">1071</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Ton, one; the ton, the one, <a href = "#line1820">1822</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">The tone = A.S. <i>þæt áne</i>.</p>
+
+<p>To-schent, disfigured, <a href = "#line1220">1221</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">The intensive form of the A.S. verb
+<i>scendan</i>, to shame, destroy. In the same line we have
+<i>to-hurt</i>, and in the next line <i>to-rent</i>, words modelled on
+the same form. We find, e.g., in Spenser, the forms <i>all to-rent</i>,
+<i>all to-brus’d</i>. (See the note on the prefix <i>To-</i> in the
+Glossary to William of Palerne.)</p>
+
+<p>Tothir, the other, <a href = "#line2536">2536</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">The tothir = A.S. <i>þæt oþere</i>, where
+<i>þæt</i> is the neuter gender of the definite article. Burns has
+<i>the tither</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Toyer (= tother), the other;</p>
+<p class = "subentry"><i>y</i> being written for the A.S. <i>þ</i>
+(<i>th</i>), <a href = "#line2568">2571</a>, <a href =
+"#line2584">2584</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Traist, to trust, to be confident, <a href = "#line388">390</a>,
+<a href = "#line1128">1129</a>, <a href = "#line1148">1149</a>, J.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Trast, <a href = "#line1656">1659</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Traisting of (trusting), reliance upon, or expectation of, <a href =
+"#line24">25</a>, J.</p>
+
+<table class = "inline" summary = "paired definition">
+<tr><td>
+Translat, <a href = "#line508">508</a>,<br>
+Transulat, <a href = "#line2204">2204</a>,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">to transfer, remove.</p>
+
+<p>Tratory, treachery, <a href = "#line3224">3224</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See R. <i>traïtor</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Trety, treatise, <a href = "#line144">145</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Fr. <i>traité</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Trewis, truce, <a href = "#line1568">1568</a>, <a href =
+"#line2488">2488</a>, <a href = "#line2544">2545</a>.</p>
+
+<table class = "inline tall" summary = "grouped definition">
+<tr><td>
+Tronsione, <a href = "#line236">239</a>,<br>
+Trunscyoune, <a href = "#line2960">2962</a>,<br>
+Trownsciown, <a href = "#line2888">2890</a>,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">a truncheon, a&nbsp;stump of a spear.</p>
+<p class = "subentry follow">Fr. <i>tronçon</i>; from Lat.
+<i>truncus</i>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry follow">In the last passage it means a sceptre,
+<i>bâton</i>.</p>
+
+<div class = "verse">
+<p>“One hytte hym vpon the oldé wounde</p>
+<p>Wyth A tronchon of an ore;” (oar.)</p>
+
+<p class = "author">(Le Morte Arthur, l. 3071.)</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Troucht, truth, <a href = "#line160">161</a>.</p>
+
+<table class = "inline" summary = "paired definition">
+<tr><td>
+Tueching, <a href = "#line400">403</a>,<br>
+Tweching, <a href = "#line384">386</a>,
+</td></tr>
+</table>
+<p class = "follow">touching.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "word_tyne" id = "word_tyne">Tyne</a>, to lose, <a href =
+"#line1256">1258</a>, <a href = "#line1384">1387</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Icel. <i>týna</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Tynith, loseth, <a href = "#line1760">1761</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Tynt, lost, <a href = "#line172">175</a>, <a href =
+"#line1384">1384</a>, <a href = "#line1520">1521</a>.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "letter"><a name = "letter_U" id = "letter_U" href =
+"#glossary">Unwist</a>, unknown, <a href = "#line1140">1140</a>.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "letter"><a name = "letter_V" id = "letter_V" href =
+"#glossary">Valis</a>, falls; we should read “falis,” <a href =
+"#line2472">2475</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Valkyne, to waken, <a href = "#line8">8</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See <a href = "#word_awalk"><i>Awalk</i></a><ins
+class = "correction" title = ". missing">.&nbsp;</ins></p>
+
+<p>Vall, billow, wave, <a href = "#line1316">1317</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Ger. <i>welle</i>, a wave; <i>quelle</i>, a
+spring;</p>
+<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page129" id =
+"page129">129</a></span>
+<p>Icel. <i>vella</i>, to <i>well</i> up, boil. Cf. also A.S.
+<i>wæl</i>; Du. <i>wiel</i>; Lancashire <i>weele</i>, an eddy,
+whirlpool. So, too, in Burns:&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class = "verse">
+<p>“Whyles owre a linn the burnie plays,</p>
+<p class = "indent">As thro’ the glen it wimpl’t;</p>
+<p>Whyles round a rocky scaur it stays,</p>
+<p class = "indent">Whyles in a <i>wiel</i> it dimpl’t.”</p>
+</div>
+
+<p>Varand, to warrant, protect, <a href = "#line3408">3411</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">R. <i>warandir</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Varnit, warned, <a href = "#line620">622</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "word_vassolag" id = "word_vassolag">Vassolag</a>, a deed
+of prowess.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Pasing vassolag, surpassing valour, <a href =
+"#line256">257</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">R. has <i>vasselage</i>, courage, valour,
+valourous deeds, as indicative of the fulfilment of the duties of a
+<i>vassal</i>. We now speak of rendering <i>good service</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Vassolage, valour, <a href = "#line2724">2724</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Veir, were, <a href = "#line816">818</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Veris, wars, <a href = "#line304">305</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See <a href = "#word_were"><i>Were</i></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Veryng, were, <a href = "#line2968">2971</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>wǽron</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Vicht, a wight, a person, <a href = "#line8">10</a>, <a href =
+"#line52">55</a>, <a href = "#line64">67</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>wiht</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Virslyng, wrestling, struggling, <a href = "#line3384">3384</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">J. gives the forms <i>warsell, wersill</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Visare, wiser, <a href = "#line604">607</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Viting, to know, <a href = "#line408">410</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>witan</i>.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "word_vncouth" id = "word_vncouth">Vncouth</a>, lit.
+<i>unknown</i>; hence little known, rare, valuable, <a href =
+"#line1732">1734</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>uncúð</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Vodis, woods, <a href = "#line1000">1000</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Vombe, womb, bowels, <a href = "#line372">375</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Goth. <i>wamba</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Vondit, wounded, <a href = "#line700">700</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Vpwarpith, warped up, i.e. drawn up, <a href = "#line60">63</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See Note to this line. It occurs in Gawain
+Douglas’s prologue to his translation of the <a href =
+"#line12">12</a>th Book of the Æneid.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Du. <i>opwerpen</i>, from Goth. <i>waírpan</i>, to
+cast.</p>
+
+<p>Vsyt, used, <a href = "#line1196">1197</a>, <a href =
+"#line1208">1208</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "word_vyre" id = "word_vyre">Vyre</a>, a cross-bow bolt,
+<a href = "#line1092">1092</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">R. <i>vire</i>; cf. Lat. <i>vertere</i>.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "letter"><a name = "letter_W" id = "letter_W" href =
+"#glossary">Wald</a>, would, <a href = "#line416">419</a>, <a href =
+"#line468">470</a>, etc.</p>
+
+<p>Walkin, to waken, wake, <a href = "#line1236">1239</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See <a href = "#word_awalk"><i>Awalk</i></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Wapnis, weapons, <a href = "#line240">241</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>wǽpen</i>, or <i>wǽpn</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Ward, world, <a href = "#line3184">3184</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Grose’s Provincial Dictionary gives <i>Ward</i> =
+world; and the omission of the <i>l</i> is not uncommon; see <i>Genesis
+and Exodus</i> (E.E.T.S.), ll.&nbsp;32, 1315.</p>
+
+<p>Wassolage, valour, <a href = "#line2708">2708</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See <a href =
+"#word_vassolag"><i>Vassolag</i></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Wat, know, <a href = "#line512">512</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Wawasouris, vavasours, <a href = "#line1728">1729</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A <i>Vavasour</i> was a sub-vassal, holding a
+small fief dependent on a larger fief; a&nbsp;sort of esquire.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">R. <i>vavaseur</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Weil, very. Weil long, a very long time, <a href =
+"#line76">79</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Comp. Ger. <i>viel</i>, J.</p>
+
+<p>Wencussith, vanquisheth, <a href = "#line3328">3331</a>;<br>
+vanquished, <a href = "#line3336">3337</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Wencust, vanquished, <a href = "#line2840">2841</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Wend, (1) to go, <a href = "#line2188">2191</a>;</p>
+<p class = "subentry">(2) weened, thought, <a href =
+"#line3480">3481</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Wentail, ventaile, a part of the helmet which opened to admit air,
+<a href = "#line1056">1056</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">R. <i>ventaile</i>; from Lat. <i>ventus</i>.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "word_were" id = "word_were">Were</a>, (1) war. Fr.
+<i>guerre</i>. R. <i>werre</i>, <a href = "#line308">308</a>, etc.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">(2) doubt, <a href = "#line84">84</a>, etc. “But
+were,” without doubt. A.S. <i>wǽr</i>, cautious, <i>wary</i>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">(3) worse, <a href = "#line1928">1930</a>. Burns
+has <i>waur</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Wering, weary, <a href = "#line56">58</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>wérig</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Werray, very, true, <a href = "#line1260">1262</a>, <a href =
+"#line2016">2017</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Werroure, warrior, <a href = "#line248">248</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Weriour, warrior, <a href = "#line660">663</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Wers, worse, <a href = "#line512">515</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Weryng, were, <a href = "#line2492">2493</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Wex, to be grieved, be vexed, <a href = "#line156">156</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Weyn, vain, <a href = "#line380">382</a>, <a href =
+"#line524">524</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Weyne, <i>in phr.</i> but weyne, without doubt, <a href =
+"#line2880">2880</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>wénan</i>, to ween, to suppose.</p>
+
+<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page130" id =
+"page130">130</a></span>
+
+<p><a name = "word_whill" id = "word_whill">Whill</a>, until, <a href =
+"#line1136">1136</a>, J. Formed from A.S. <i>hwíl</i>, a period of
+time.</p>
+
+<p>Wice, advice, counsel, <a href = "#line1908">1909</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Shortened from Awys.</p>
+
+<p>Wichsaif, vouchsafe, <a href = "#line352">355</a>, <a href =
+"#line1388">1391</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Wichsauf, <i>id.</i> <a href = "#line2364">2364</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Wicht, wight, person, <a href = "#line128">131</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "word_wicht" id = "word_wicht">Wicht</a>, strong, nimble,
+<a href = "#line248">248</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">“Su-G. <i>wig</i>” J. Sw. <i>vig</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Wight, with, <a href = "#line916">918</a>. Possibly miswritten.</p>
+
+<p>Wist, knew, <a href = "#line224">225</a>, <a href =
+"#line1044">1047</a>. See <a href = "#word_wit"><i>Wit</i></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "word_wit" id = "word_wit">Wit</a>, to know, <a href =
+"#line268">268</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>witan</i>; pres. <i>ic wát</i>, past
+tense, <i>ic wiste</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Wit, knowledge, <a href = "#line2504">2504</a>.</p>
+
+<p>With, by, <a href = "#line720">723</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Withschaif, vouchsafe, <a href = "#line1456">1458</a>.</p>
+
+<p>With-thy, on this condition, <a href = "#line960">961</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See <i>For-thy</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Wnkouth, little known, <a href = "#line144">146</a>. See <a href =
+"#word_vncouth"><i>Vncouth</i></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Wnwemmyt, undefiled, <a href = "#line2096">2097</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>wam, wem</i>, a spot.</p>
+
+<p>Wnwyst, unknown, secretly, <a href = "#line216">219</a>, <a href =
+"#line268">269</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Wod (wood), mad, <a href = "#line3332">3334</a>, <a href =
+"#line3440">3440</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>wód</i>. Goth. <i>wôds</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Woid, mad, <a href = "#line2692">2695</a>. Perhaps we should read
+<i>woud</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Wonde, wand, rod, or sceptre of justice, <a href =
+"#line1600">1601</a>, <a href = "#line1888">1891</a>. J.</p>
+
+<p>Wonk, winked, <a href = "#line1056">1058</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Wonne, to dwell, <a href = "#line2044">2046</a>. A.S.
+<i>wunian</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Worschip, honour, <a href = "#line1156">1158</a>, <a href =
+"#line1164">1164</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>weorð-scipe</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Wot, know, <a href = "#line192">192</a>, etc. See <a href =
+"#word_wit"><i>Wit</i></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Wox, voice, <a href = "#line12">13</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Lat. <i>vox</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Woyß, voice, <a href = "#line3472">3473</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Wrechitnes, misery, <a href = "#line2100">2102</a>;<br>
+miserliness, niggardliness, <a href = "#line1792">1795</a>, <a href =
+"#line1856">1859</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Wy, reason; “to euery wy,” for every reason, on all accounts, <a href
+= "#line2356">2356</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Compare <i>Quhy</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Wycht, strong, nimble, <a href = "#line2592">2592</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See <a href = "#word_wicht"><i>Wicht</i></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Wynyth, getteth, acquireth, <a href = "#line1832">1832</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Wyre, a cross-bow bolt, <a href = "#line3288">3290</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See <a href = "#word_vyre"><i>Vyre</i></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Wys, vice, <a href = "#line1792">1795</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Wysis, <a href = "#line1540">1540</a>.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "letter"><a name = "letter_Y" id = "letter_Y" href =
+"#glossary">Y</a>, written for “th.” Thus we find “oyer” for “other,”
+etc. The error arose with scribes who did not understand either the true
+form or force of the old symbol&nbsp;þ.</p>
+
+<p>Yaf, gave, <a href = "#line384">387</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Yald, yield, <a href = "#line552">553</a>;<br>
+yielded, <a href = "#line556">558</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>gildan</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Yclepit, called, <a href = "#line412">414</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Yef, give, <a href = "#line560">563</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Yeif, give, <a href = "#line920">923</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Yer, year, <a href = "#line608">610</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Used instead of the plural “yeris,” as in <a href
+= "#line3240">l. 3243</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Yewyne, given, <a href = "#line1500">1500</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Ygrave, buried, <a href = "#line1800">1800</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Comp. Ger. <i>begraben</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Yhere, ear, <a href = "#line1576">1576</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Yher, year, <a href = "#line2064">2064</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Used instead of “yheris,” <a href =
+"#line3240">3243</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Yhis, yes, <a href = "#line1396">1397</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Yis, yes, <a href = "#line512">514</a>;<br>
+this, <a href = "#line160">160</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Ylys, isles, <a href = "#line2856">2858</a>, <a href =
+"#line2880">2882</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Ymong, among, <a href = "#line820">821</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Yneuch, enough, <a href = "#line2132">2135</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>genog</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Yolde, yielded (to be), <a href = "#line948">951</a>, <a href =
+"#line1088">1088</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Ystatut, appointed, <a href = "#line2528">2529</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Fr. <i>statuer</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Ywyß, certainly, <a href = "#line1796">1798</a>, <a href =
+"#line1940">1942</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See <a href = "#word_iwyss"><i>Iwyß</i></a>.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "letter"><a name = "letter_Z" id = "letter_Z" href =
+"#glossary">Ȝeme</a>, to take of, regard, have respect to, <a href =
+"#line664">665</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>géman</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Ȝere, year, <a href = "#line340">342</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Ȝerys, years, <a href = "#line20">23</a>, <a href =
+"#line1432">1432</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Ȝewith, giveth, <a href = "#line1772">1772</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Ȝha, yes, <a href = "#line2840">2843</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Ger. <i>ja</i>.</p>
+
+<p>Ȝhe, ye, <a href = "#line920">921</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Observe that, as in this line, <i>ye</i> (A.S.
+<i>ge</i>) is the <i>nominative</i>, and <i>you</i> (A.S. <i>eów</i>)
+the <i>objective</i> case.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "word_zhed" id = "word_zhed">Ȝhed</a>, went, <a href =
+"#line1484">1486</a></p>
+<p class = "subentry"> Ch. has <i>yede</i>.</p>
+<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page131" id =
+"page131">131</a></span>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>ic eóde</i>, past tense of <i>gán</i>, to
+go.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">Goth. <i>ik <ins class = "correction" title =
+"printed as shown">ïddja</ins></i>, past tense of <i>gaggan</i>, to
+go.</p>
+
+<p>Ȝher, year, <a href = "#line2064">2064</a>, <a href =
+"#line2272">2274</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Ȝhing, young, <a href = "#line2868">2868</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Ȝhis, yes, <a href = "#line1396">1397</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Ȝhouth-hed, youth-hood, youth, <a href = "#line2772">2772</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Ȝhud, went, <a href = "#line2696">2696</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See <a href = "#word_zhed"><i>Ȝhed</i></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Ȝis, yes, <a href = "#line3404">3406</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Ȝolde, yielded, <a href = "#line288">291</a>, <a href =
+"#line380">380</a>, <a href = "#line948">951</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">A.S. <i>ic geald</i>, past tense of <i>gyldan</i>,
+to pay, to yield.</p>
+
+<p>Ȝude, went, <a href = "#line2944">2944</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See <a href = "#word_zhed"><i>Ȝhed</i></a>.</p>
+</div>
+<!-- end div vocab -->
+
+</div>
+
+
+<div class = "glossary">
+
+<span class = "pagenum"><a name = "page132" id =
+"page132">132</a></span>
+
+<h2><a name = "names" id = "names">INDEX OF NAMES, ETC.</a></h2>
+
+<hr class = "tiny">
+
+<div class = "vocab">
+
+<div class = "column">
+<p>Albanak, <a href = "#line200">202</a>, <a href =
+"#line1444">1447</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Alexander, <a href = "#line1836">1837</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Alphest, <a href = "#line56">57</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Amytans, <a href = "#line1304">1304</a>, <a href =
+"#line2444">2446</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Angus, <a href = "#line2856">2858</a>.</p>
+
+<p>April, <a href = "#line1">1</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Arachell, <a href = "#line432">434</a>.</p>
+
+<p><ins class = "correction" title = "e invisible">Aries</ins>, <a href
+= "#line336">336</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Arthur (<i>passim</i>).</p>
+
+
+<p class = "letter">Ban, <a href = "#line200">202</a>, <a href =
+"#line1444">1447</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Bible, the, <a href = "#line1480">1483</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Brandellis, <a href = "#line3084">3086</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Brandymagus, <a href = "#line2884">2884</a>, <a href =
+"#line3428">3430</a>.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "letter">Camelot, <a href = "#line272">275</a>, <a href =
+"#line280">280</a>, <a href = "#line356">357</a>, <a href =
+"#line404">407</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Cardole, <a href = "#line2152">2153</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Carlisle, <a href = "#line344">347</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Christ, <a href = "#line2044">2046</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Clamedeus, <a href = "#line2880">2881</a>, <a href =
+"#line3256">3259</a>.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "letter">Dagenet, <a href = "#line276">278</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Daniel, <a href = "#line1364">1365</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Danȝelome, <a href = "#line432">435</a>.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "letter">Esquyris, <a href = "#line2588">2591</a>, <a href =
+"#line2608">2609</a>, etc.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "letter">First-conquest king, <a href = "#line1064">1064</a>,
+etc.; <a href = "#line2568">2568</a>, etc.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "letter">Gahers, <a href = "#line3084">3087</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Galiot (<i>passim</i>).</p>
+
+<p><a name = "word_galys" id = "word_galys">Galys</a> Gwyans, <a href =
+"#line2604">2605</a>, <a href = "#line2612">2613</a>, etc.</p>
+
+<p>Galygantynis, <a href = "#line596">599</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Galloway, <a href = "#line2688">2690</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Gawane (<i>passim</i>).</p>
+
+<p>Gwynans or Gwyans. See <a href = "#word_galys"><i>Galys</i></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Gyonde or Gyande, <a href = "#line300">302</a>, <a href =
+"#line548">551</a>, <a href = "#line636">637</a>.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "letter">Harwy, <a href = "#line2852">2853</a>, <a href =
+"#line3204">3206</a>, etc.</p>
+
+<p>Herynes (<i>i.e.</i> Hermes), <a href = "#line436">436</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Hundred knights, king of, <a href = "#line1544">1545</a>, <a href =
+"#line1552">1554</a>.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "letter">Jhesu, <a href = "#line2044">2046</a>, <a href =
+"#line2096">2096</a>.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "letter">Kay, <a href = "#line252">254</a>, <a href =
+"#line352">355</a>, <a href = "#line3080">3081</a>, etc.</p>
+</div>
+<!-- end div column -->
+
+<div class = "column">
+<p class = "letter">Lady of the Lake, <a href = "#line220">220</a>,
+<a href = "#line220">223</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Lancelot (<i>passim</i>);</p>
+<p class = "subentry">appears as the <i>red</i> knight, <a href =
+"#line988">991</a>, etc.;</p>
+<p class = "subentry">as the <i>black</i> knight, <a href =
+"#line2428">2430</a>, etc.</p>
+
+<p>Logris, <a href = "#line2300">2301</a>.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "letter">Maleginis, <a href = "#line804">806</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See <a href =
+"#word_malenginys"><i>Malenginys</i></a>.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "word_malenginys" id = "word_malenginys">Malenginys</a>,
+<a href = "#line2872">2873</a>, <a href = "#line3148">3151</a>, <a href =
+"#line3152">3155</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See also <i>Hundred knights, king of</i>.</p>
+
+<p>May, <a href = "#line12">12</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Melyhalt, <a href = "#line280">283</a>, <a href =
+"#line892">895</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Melyhalt, lady of (<i>passim</i>).</p>
+
+<p>Moses, <a href = "#line436">436</a>.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "letter">Nembrot (<i>i.e.</i> Nimrod), <a href =
+"#line432">435</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Nohalt, <a href = "#line252">255</a>.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "letter">Phœbus, <a href = "#line24">24</a>, <a href =
+"#line2472">2472</a>, <a href = "#line2484">2486</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Priapus, <a href = "#line48">51</a>.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "letter">Round Table, <a href = "#line792">795</a>, <a href =
+"#line3212">3213</a>.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "letter">Saturn, <a href = "#line2472">2474</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Scilla, <a href = "#line2480">2483</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Solomon, <a href = "#line1376">1378</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Sygramors, <a href = "#line3080">3083</a>.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "letter">Titan, <a href = "#line332">335</a>.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "letter">Valydone, <a href = "#line3248">3249</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See <a href =
+"#word_walydeyne"><i>Walydeyne</i></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Vanore, <a href = "#line572">575</a>.</p>
+<p class = "subentry">See <a href =
+"#word_wanore"><i>Wanore</i></a>.</p>
+
+<p>Virgin (Mary), <a href = "#line2048">2049</a>, <a href =
+"#line2084">2087</a>, etc.</p>
+
+<p>Venus, <a href = "#line308">309</a>.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "letter">Wales, <a href = "#line596">599</a>, <a href =
+"#line2152">2153</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "word_walydeyne" id = "word_walydeyne">Walydeyne</a>,
+<a href = "#line2876">2879</a>.</p>
+
+<p><a name = "word_wanore" id = "word_wanore">Wanore</a>, <a href =
+"#line228">230</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Wryne, <a href = "#line2864">2867</a>.</p>
+
+
+<p class = "letter">Ydrus, <a href = "#line2848">2851</a>, <a href =
+"#line3152">3152</a>.</p>
+
+<p>Ywan, <a href = "#line2604">2606</a>, <a href = "#line2616">2618</a>,
+etc.</p>
+
+<p>Ywons, <a href = "#line2860">2861</a>.</p>
+</div>
+<!-- end div column -->
+
+</div>
+<!-- end div vocab -->
+
+</div>
+
+<h6>JOHN CHILDS AND SON, PRINTERS.</h6>
+
+<div class = "endnote">
+
+<h4><a name = "endnote" id = "endnote">Errors and
+Inconsistencies</a></h4>
+
+<p>In the printed book, some line numbers were moved or omitted for
+reasons of space; they have been silently regularized. Sidenotes giving
+folio numbers are shown as printed. Headnotes have been moved to agree
+with the text, and will generally not coincide with printed page
+breaks.</p>
+
+<p>An italic form of þ (thorn) was apparently not available to the
+printer. In the modern parts of the e-text, þ has been italicized when
+context seems to warrant it. The change in folio labeling from “21, 21b”
+to “22a, 22b” appears to be accidental.</p>
+
+<p>All brackets [ ] are in the original. In the two primary texts
+(French and Scottish), errors in editorial punctuation have been
+corrected, while other apparent errors are noted but not changed. In the
+French text, it was assumed that Skeat’s word “commas” includes
+“inverted commas” or quotation marks. The random variation between
+capital and lower-case letters after an oversized initial is as in the
+original.</p>
+
+<p>The word “invisible” means that there is an appropriately sized blank
+space, but the character itself is missing.</p>
+
+<p>The form “reflective” (for “reflexive”) is used consistently.</p>
+
+<p>In the primary text, the following unexpected forms are not
+individually noted:</p>
+
+<p class = "inset">
+capital I at mid-sentence or mid-word<br>
+non-final round s; final long s<br>
+non-initial v; initial u<br>
+word-final ſß (apparent “sss”)</p>
+
+</div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's Lancelot of the Laik, by Walter William Skeat
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