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diff --git a/36835.txt b/36835.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e783909 --- /dev/null +++ b/36835.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3433 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. III, Number 83, May +31, 1851, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. III, Number 83, May 31, 1851 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Geneologists, etc + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: July 29, 2011 [EBook #36835] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, MAY 31, 1851 *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + + + + + + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION + +FOR + +LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + +VOL. III.--NO. 83--SATURDAY, MAI 31. 1851. + +Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4_d._ + + + + +CONTENTS. + + + + Page + + On the Proposed Record of Existing Monuments 417 + + NOTES:-- + + Illustrations of Chaucer, No. VII.: The star Min Al Auwa 419 + + Traditions from remote Periods through few Links, by Rev. + Thos. Corser 421 + + Dr. Young's Narcissa 422 + + Minor Notes:--Curious Epitaph--The Curse of Scotland--The + Female Captive--Pictorial Antiquities 422 + + QUERIES:-- + + English Poems by Constantine Huyghens, by S. W. Singer 423 + + The Rev. Mr. Gay, by Edward Tagart 424 + + Minor Queries:--Carved Ceiling in Dorsetshire--Publicans' + Signs--To a T.--Skeletons at Egyptian Banquet--Gloves--Knapp + Family in Norfolk and Suffolk--To learn by "Heart"--Knights-- + Supposed Inscription in St. Peter's at Rome--Rag Sunday in + Sussex--Northege Family--A Kemble Pipe of Tobacco--Durham + Sword that killed the Dragon 424 + + MINOR QUERIES ANSWERED:--"At Sixes and Sevens"--Swobbers-- + Handel's Occasional Oratorio--Archbishop Waldeby's + Epitaph--Verstegan--Royal Library 425 + + REPLIES:-- + + Hugh Holland and his Works, by Bolton Corney 427 + + The Milesians 428 + + The Tanthony 428 + + Pilgrims' Road to Canterbury 429 + + Replies to Minor Queries:--Shakespeare's Use of + "Captious"--Inscription of a Clock--Authors of the Anti-Jacobin + Poetry--"Felix, quem faciunt," &c.--Church Bells--Chiming, + Tolling, and Pealing--Extraordinary North Briton--Fitzpatrick's + Lines of Fox--Ejusdem Farinae--The Sempecta--"Nulli fraus + tuta latebris"--Voltaire, where situated--By the Bye--Bigod de + Loges--Knebsend--Mrs. Catherine Barton--Peter Sterry--Wife of + James Torre--Ramasse--Four Want Way--Dr. Owen's Works--Bactrian + Coins--Baldrocks--Tu Autem--Commoner marrying a Peeress--Ancient + Wood Engraving--Vegetating Insects--Prayer at the Healing--M. + or N., &c. 430 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + + Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 438 + + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 438 + + Notices to Correspondents 439 + + Advertisements 439 + + + + +ON THE PROPOSED RECORD OF EXISTING MONUMENTS. + + + Although disappointed in the hope we had entertained of being, by this + time, in a position to announce that some decided steps had been taken + to carry out, in a practical manner, the great scheme of preserving a + record of our existing Monuments, we are gratified at being enabled to + bring under the notice of our readers several communications which + show the still increasing interest which is felt upon the subject. + + The first, by Sir Thomas Phillipps, besides some valuable information + upon the matter immediately under consideration, contains several very + useful suggestions upon other, though kindred points. + +In approving of the design mentioned in your "NOTES" by MR. DUNKIN, it +has surprised me that in no one of the communications which you have +there printed is any allusion to the multitude of inscriptions already +collected, and now preserved in the British Museum and other libraries. +A list of what are already copied should _first_ be made, which would +considerably abridge the labour of collecting. For instance, the whole +of Gloucestershire has been preserved by Bigland, and nearly two-thirds +of these have been printed. I should recommend his plan to be adopted, +being _multum in parvo_, as to the headstones in the churchyards, and +the clearest for reference by its alphabetical order of parishes. He +copies them about 1780; so that now seventy years remain to be obtained. +His collection would make two, or at most three, volumes folio, by which +we can form an approximate idea as to the extent for the kingdom, which +I estimate at one hundred volumes for the forty counties, because some +of these are very small, and many monuments have been destroyed by the +barbarous Gothlike conduct of church renovators and builders. (_A +propos_ of which conduct, I believe they are liable to an _action at +law_ from the next of kin: at all events, it is sacrilege.) In many +county histories, _all_ the monuments inside the churches, up to nearly +the date of the publication, have been printed, as in Nichols's +_Leicestershire_. I have myself printed the greater part of those for +Wiltshire; but some are incorrectly printed, not having been collated; +for I merely printed a few as handbooks to accompany me in my personal +correcting survey of each church at another time. I have also printed as +far as letter "E" of Antony a Wood's and Hinton's _Oxfordshire +Monuments_, of which, I believe, MR. DUNKIN has a MS. copy. Now, it +would be useless to reprint those which have been printed; consequently +I should imagine twenty-five or thirty volumes, on Bigland's plan, would +comprise all the villages; and I should imagine five or ten volumes at +most would comprise all the capital towns. Allow me here to suggest the +absolute necessity of taking "Notes" of the residence, parentage, and +kindred of _every one_ of the families of that vast tide of emigration +now quitting our shores; and I call Lord Ashley's and Mr. Sidney +Herbert's attention to it. These poor people will, many of them, become +rich in half a century; will then probably die without a kindred soul in +America to possess their wealth; and their next of kin must be sought +for in the mother land, where, unless some _registered memorial_ of +their departure and connexions is kept, all traces of their origin may +be lost for ever. It was the neglect of an act like this which has +involved the beginning of nations in such profound obscurity. It was the +neglect of such a register as I here propose, that makes it so difficult +now for the American to discover the link which actually connected him +with England. There is a corporate body, long established in this +country, whose sole occupation is to make such registers; but at present +they confine themselves to those called gentlemen. Why not make them +useful as registers of the poor, at a small remuneration for entering +each family. These poor, or their descendants, will some day become +gentlemen, and perhaps not ashamed of their ancestry, although they may +derive it through poverty. How gratified they may feel to be able, by +means of this proposed registry, clearly to trace themselves to Great +Britain (once the mistress of half the world), when their now adopted +country has risen up in her place, and the mother has become subject to +the daughter. + +And then, too, how valuable will Americans and Canadians, Australians +and New Zealanders, find the proposed _Monumentarium_ of MR. DUNKIN. + + THOS. PHILLIPPS. + Middle Hill, April, 1851. + + The next is from a frequent contributor to our pages, and we have + selected it for publication from among many which we have received + promising assistance in the carrying out of the great scheme, because + it shows very strikingly how many of the memorials, which it is the + especial object of that scheme to preserve, have disappeared within + the last few years. + +Your valuable remarks on this head have induced me to send you a few +observations in the same direction. You have justly said that the means +by which the object can be accomplished fall into the three distinct +operations of Collection, Preservation, and Publication. The first will +require the help of all antiquaries throughout the kingdom who will +volunteer their services, and of the clergymen resident in country +parishes. Where possible, it would be well to find a co-operator in +every county town, who would undertake the collection of all ancient +memorials in his own district, either by personal inspection, or by the +aid of the clergy. For this county we have, fortunately, a record of +all or most of the monuments existing in the time of James I., published +in Burton's History. Besides the monuments, there are also mentioned the +coats of arms preserved in the churches. In the useful and voluminous +world of Nichols, the record is brought down nearly to the commencement +of the present century. But in late years, many ancient memorials have +been removed altogether, or displaced. A day or two ago, I found only +one monument in a village church, where Burton says there were two in +his time. The chancel of St. Martin's Church, Leicester, a few years +ago, contained a large number, of which many have been placed elsewhere, +in order to "improve" the appearance of this part of the edifice. I +believe a list of the monuments is preserved somewhere. This kind of +proceeding has been carried on very generally throughout the country +since the desire for "church restoration" has prevailed, and has led to +great alterations in the interiors of our old parish churches. I should +be happy to lend a helping hand in the collections for Leicester and the +neighbourhood. + + JAYTEE. + + From our next communication, it will be seen that the Scottish + Antiquaries, whose zeal and intelligence in the preservation and + illustration of objects of national interest, are beyond all praise, + are working in the same direction; and although we have not seen the + _Origines Parochiales_, we can readily believe in the great value of a + work of such a character when undertaken by the Bannatyne Club. + +It may interest some of your "Monumental" and "Ecclesiological" +correspondents to be informed that in 1834 there was collected and +published by D. Macvean, bookseller, Glasgow, a volume of _Epitaphs and +Monumental Inscriptions in Scotland_. Also, that there has just been +published by Lizars, Edinburgh, for the Bannatyne Club, the first volume +of the _Origines Parochiales Scotiae_. + +The former of these books (_Epitaphs_, &c.) is perhaps of no great +value, being badly selected and worse arranged; but the latter +(_Origines_, &c.) seems to be exactly such a work as W. J. D. R. (Vol. +iii., p. 314.) has in his mind's eye for England. + + Y. + + A correspondent, MERCURII, has also directed our attention to a small + volume, published in 1848, by one of the most valued contributors to + our own columns, MR. DAWSON TURNER, under the title of _Sepulchral + Reminiscences of a Market Town, as afforded by a List of the + Interments within the Walls of the Parish Church of St. Nicholas, + Great Yarmouth, collected chiefly from Monuments and Gravestones still + remaining, June, 1845_. This little volume may be regarded as a public + testimony on the part of MR. DAWSON TURNER to the value of the plan + under consideration, and there are few antiquaries whose opinions are + entitled to greater respect upon this or any other point to which he + has devoted his talents and attention. Can we doubt, then, the success + of a plan which has met with such general approbation, and is + undertaken with so praiseworthy an object,--an object which may well + be described in the words which Weever used when stating the motive + which led him to undertake the publication of his _Funeral Monuments_, + viz., "To check the unsufferable injury, offered as well to the living + as to the dead, by breaking down and almost utterly ruinating + monuments with their epitaphs, and by erasing, tearing away, and + pilfering brazen inscriptions, by which inhumane deformidable act, the + honorable memory of many virtuous and noble persons deceased is + extinguished, and the true understanding of divers families is so + darkened, that the course of their inheritance is thereby partly + interrupted." + + + + +Notes. + + +ILLUSTRATIONS OF CHAUCER, NO. VIII. + +_The Star Min Al Auwa._ + + "Adam Scrivener, if ever it thee befall Boece, or Troilus, for to + write newe, Under thy long locks thou mayst have the scull But, after + my making, thou write more trew; So oft a day I mote thy worke renew, + It to correct, and eke to rubbe and scrape, And all thorow thy + negligence and rape." + + _Chaucer to his own Scrivener._ + +If, during his own lifetime, and under his own eye, poor Chaucer was so +sinned against as to provoke this humorous malediction upon the head of +the delinquent, it cannot be a matter of surprise that, in the various +hands his text has since passed through, many expressions should have +been perverted, and certain passages wholly misunderstood. And when we +find men, of excellent judgment in other respects, proposing, as +Tyrwhitt did, to alter Chaucer's words to suit their own imperfect +comprehension of his meaning, it is only reasonable to suspect that +similar mistakes may have induced early transcribers to alter the text, +wherever, to their wisdom, it may have seemed expedient. + +Now I know of no passage more likely to have been tampered with in this +way, than those lines of the prologue to the _Persone's Tale_, alluded +to at the close of my last communication. Because, supposing (which I +shall afterwards endeavour to prove) that Chaucer really meant to write +something to this effect: "Thereupon, as we were entering a town, the +moon's rising, with Min al auwa in Libra, began to ascend (or to become +visible),"--and supposing that his mode of expressing this had been, + + "Therewith the mone's exaltacioun, + In libra men alawai gan ascende, + As we were entrying at a towne's end:" + +--in such a case, what can be more probable than that some ignorant +transcriber, never perhaps dreaming of such a thing as the Arabic name +of a star, would endeavour _to make sense_ of these, to him, obscure +words, by converting them into English. The process of transition would +be easy; "min" or "men" requires little violence to become "mene" (the +modern "mean" with its many significations), and "al auwa" (or "alwai," +as Chaucer would probably write it) is equally identical with "alway." +The misplacement of "Libra" might then follow as a seeming necessity; +and thus the line would assume its present form, leaving the reader to +understand it, either with Urry, as, + + "I mene Libra, that is, I _refer to_ Libra;" + +or with Tyrwhitt: + + "In mene Libra, that is, In _the middle of_ Libra." + +Now, to Urry's reading, it may be objected that it makes _the thing +ascending_ to be Libra, and does not of necessity imply the moon's +appearance above the horizon. But since the rising of the moon is a +_visible_ phenomenon, while that of Libra is theoretical, it must have +been _to the former_ Chaucer was alluding, as to something witnessed by +the whole party as they + + "Were entrying at a towne's end;" + +or otherwise this latter observation would have no meaning. + +The objection to Tyrwhitt's reading is of a more technical nature--the +moon, if in _the middle_ of Libra, _could not_ be above the horizon, in +the neighbourhood of Canterbury, at four o'clock P. M., in the month of +April. Tyrwhitt, it is true, would probably smooth away the difficulty +by charging it as another inconsistency against his author; but I--and I +hope by this time such readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES" as are interested +in the subject--have seen too many proofs of Chaucer's competency in +matters of science, and of his commentator's incompetency, to feel +disposed to concede to the latter such a convenient method of +interpretation. + +But there is a third objection common to both readings--that they do not +satisfactorily account for the word "alway;" for although Tyrwhitt +endeavours to explain it by _continually_, "was _continually_ +ascending," such a phrase is by no means intelligible when applied to a +single observation. + +For myself, I can say that this word "alway" was, from the first, the +great difficulty with me--and the more I became convinced of the studied +meaning with which Chaucer chose his other expressions, the less +satisfied I was with this; and the more convinced I felt that the whole +line had been corrupted. + +In advocating the restoration of the reading which I have already +suggested as the original meaning of Chaucer, I shall begin by +establishing the _probability_ of his having intended to mark the moon's +place by associating her rising with that of a known fixed star--a +method of noting phenomena frequently resorted to in ancient astronomy. +For that purpose I shall point out another instance wherein Chaucer +evidently intended an application of the same method for the purpose of +indicating a particular position of the heavens; but first it must +noted, that in alluding to the Zodiac, he always refers _to the signs_, +never to the constellations--in fact, he does not appear to recognise +the latter at all! Thus, in that palpable allusion to the precession of +the equinoxes, in the Frankeleine's Tale-- + + "He knew ful wel how fer Alnath was shove + From the hed of thilke fixe Aries above:" + +--by _the hed of Aries_, Chaucer did not mean the os frontis of the Ram, +whereon Alnath still shines conspicuously, but the equinoctial point, +from which Alnath _was shove_ by the extent of a whole sign. + +This being premised, I return to the indication of a point in the +ecliptic by the coincident rising of a star; and I contend that such was +plainly Chaucer's intention in those lines of the Squire's Tale wherein +King Cambuscan is described as rising from the feast:-- + + "Phebus hath left the angle meridional, + And yet ascending was the beste real, + The gentle Leon, _with his Aldryan_." + +Which means that _the sign_ Leo was then in the horizon--the precise +degree being marked by the coincident rising of the star Aldryan. + +Speght's explanation of "Aldryan," in which he has been copied by Urry +and Tyrwhitt, is--"a star in the neck of the Lion." What particular star +he may have meant by this, does not appear; nor am I at present within +reach of probable sources wherein his authority, if he had any, might be +searched for and examined; but I have learned to feel such confidence in +Chaucer's significance of description, that I have no hesitation in +assuming, until authority for a contrary inference shall be produced, +that by the star "Aldryan" he meant REGULUS, not the neck, but the +heart, of the Lion-- + +1st. Because it is the most remarkable star in the sign Leo. + +2nd. Because it was, in Chaucer's time, as it now is, nearly upon the +line of the ecliptic. + +3rd. Because its situation in longitude, about two-thirds in the sign +Leo, just tallies with Chaucer's expression "_yet_ ascending,"--that is, +one-third of the sign was still below the horizon. + +Let us examine how this interpretation consists with the other +circumstances of the description. The feste-day of this Cambuscan was +"The last idus of March"--that is, the 15th of March--"after the +yere"--that is, after the _equinoctial year_, which had ended three or +four days previously. Hence the sun was in three degrees of +Aries--confirmed in Canace's expedition on the following morning, when +he was "in the Ram foure degrees yronne," and his corresponding right +ascension was twelve minutes. Now by "the angle meridional" was meant +the two hours _inequall_ immediately succeeding noon (or while the "1st +House" of the sun was passing the meridian), and these two hours may, so +near the equinox, be taken as ordinary hours. Therefore, when "Phebus +hath left the angle meridional," it was two o'clock P.M., or eight hours +after sunrise, which, added to twelve minutes, produces eight hours +twelve minutes as the ascending point of the equinoctial. The ascending +point of _the ecliptic_ would consequently be twenty degrees in Leo, or +within less than a degree of the actual place of the star Regulus, which +in point of fact did rise on the 15th of March, in Chaucer's time, +almost exactly at two in the afternoon. + +Such coincidences as these could not result from mere accident; and, +whatever may have been Speght's authority for the location of Aldryan, I +shall never believe that Chaucer would refer to an inferior star when +the great "Stella Regia" itself was in so remarkable a position for his +purpose--assuming always, as a matter of course, that he referred his +phenomena, not to the country or age wherein he laid the action of his +tale, but to his own. + +This, then, is the precedent by which I support the similar, and rather +startling, interpretation I propose of these obscure words "In mena +Libra alway." + +There are two twin stars, of the same magnitude, and not far apart, each +of which bears the Arabic title of Min al auwa; one ([Greek: beta] +Virginis) in the sign Virgo--the other ([Greek: delta] Virginis) in that +of Libra. + +The latter, in the south of England, in Chaucer's time, would rise a few +minutes before the autumnal equinoctial point, and might be called +_Libra_ Min al auwa either from that circumstance, or to distinguish it +from its namesake in Virgo. + +Now on the 18th of April this Libra Min al auwa would rise in the +neighbourhood of Canterbury at about half-past three in the afternoon, +so that by four o'clock it would attain an altitude of about five +degrees--not more than sufficient to render the moon, supposing it to +have risen with the star, visible (by daylight) to the pilgrims +"entrying at a towne's end." + +It is very remarkable that the only year, perhaps in the whole of +Chaucer's lifetime, in which the moon could have arisen with this star +on the 18th of April, should be the identical year to which Tyrwhitt, +_reasoning from historical evidence alone_, would fain attribute the +writing of the _Canterbury Tales_. (Vide Introductory Discourse, note +3.) + +On the 18th of April, 1388, Libra Min al auwa, and the moon, rose +together about half-past three P. M. in the neighbourhood of Canterbury; +and Tyrwhitt, alluding to the writing of the _Canterbury Tales_, "_could +hardly suppose it was much advanced before 1389!_" + +Such a coincidence is more than remarkable--it is convincing: especially +when we add to it that 1388 "is the very date that, by a slight and +probable injury to the last figure, might become the _traditional_ one +of 1383!" + +Should my view, therefore, of the true reading of this passage in +Chaucer be correct, it becomes of infinitely greater interest and +importance than a mere literal emendation, because it supplies that +which has always been supposed wanting to the _Canterbury Tales_, viz., +some means of identifying the year to which their action ought to be +attributed. Hitherto, so unlikely has it appeared that Chaucer, who so +amply furnishes materials for the minor branches of the date, should +leave the year unnoted, that it has been accounted for in the +supposition that he reserved it for the unfinished portion of his +performance. But if we consider the ingenious though somewhat tortuous +methods resorted to by him to convey some of the other data, it is by no +means improbable that he might really have devised this circumstance of +the moon's rising as a means of at least _corroborating_ a date that he +might intend to record afterwards in more direct terms. + + A. E. B. + +P.S.--Since writing the foregoing I have obtained, through the kindness +of Mr. Thoms, the several readings of the lines commented upon in six +different MSS. in the British Museum. And I have great satisfaction in +finding that five out of the six confirm my hypothesis, at least with +respect to the uncertain spelling of "alway." The readings in respect of +the two words are these: + + I meene alweye. + In mena alway. + I mene allweye. + In mene allwey. + I mene alweie. + I mene alwaye. + +I acknowledge that, from the first, if I could have discovered a +probable interpretation of "mene" as an independent word, I should have +preferred it rather than that of making it a part of the Arabic name, +because I think that the star is sufficiently identified by the latter +portion of its name "Al auwa," and because the preservation of "mene" in +its proper place in the line would afford a reading much less forced +than that I was obliged to have recourse to. Now it very singularly +happens that in "NOTES AND QUERIES" of this day (page 388.) I find, upon +the authority of A. C. M., that there is an Armorican word "menex" or +"mene," signifying a summit or boundary. Here is an accidental, though +most probable, original of the Chaucerian "mene," because the moon's +place in longitude at the time specified was precisely on the verge or +boundary of Libra: or even in the sense "summit" the word would be by no +means inappropriate to the point of a sign in the ecliptic which first +emerges from the horizon; with such a reading the lines would stand +thus, which is a very slight change from _their present form_: + + "Then, with the mone's exaltacioun + In menez Libra, ALWAI gan ascende, + As we were entrying at a towne's end." + +Perhaps A. C. M. would be good enough to cite his authorities for the +word "mene," "menez"--in the signification of "summit" or "margin"--with +examples, if possible, of its use in these or kindred senses. + +And perhaps some Arabic scholar will explain the name "Min al auwa," and +show in what way the absence of the prefix "Min" would affect it? + + A. E. B. + + +TRADITIONS FROM REMOTE PERIODS THROUGH FEW LINKS. + +In some of your former numbers (Vol. iii., pp. 206. 237. 289.) allusions +have been made by your correspondents, showing that traditions may come +down from remote periods through very few links. Having myself seen a +man whose father lived in the time of Oliver Cromwell, I trust I shall +be excused for stating some particulars of this fact, which I think will +be considered by your readers as one of the most remarkable on record. +In the year 1844 died James Horrocks, a small farmer, who lived at +Harwood, a short distance from Bolton, in Lancashire, having completed +his hundredth year. This circumstance, however, was not so remarkable as +that of his own birth, his father, William Horrocks, having been born in +1657, one year before the death of Cromwell, and having married in 1741, +at the advanced age of eight-four, a second wife, a young and buxom +woman of twenty-six, by whom he had one child, the above James Horrocks, +born March 14, 1744, and baptized at Bradshaw Chapel, near Bolton. + +It is believed that the first wife of William Horrocks had been employed +in the well-known family of the Chethams, at Castleton Hall, near +Rochdale (a branch of that of Humphrey Chetham), by whom they were both +much respected; and soon after the second marriage, he and his youthful +wife were sent for to Castleton Hall by the Chethams, by whom they were +treated with much kindness; and the remarkable disparity of years in +their marriage having no doubt created great interest, a painter was +employed to take their portraits, which are still in existence, with the +ages of the parties at the time, and the dates, when taken, painted upon +them. + +I paid the son, James Horrocks, more than one visit, and on the last +occasion, in company with James Crossley, Esq., of Manchester, the +Reverend Canon Parkinson, Principal of St. Bees' College, and one or two +other gentlemen, I took my son with me. It happened to be the very day +on which he completed his hundredth year, and we found him full of +cheerfulness and content, expecting several of his descendants to spend +the day with him. I possess a portrait in crayons of this venerable +patriarch, taken on that day by a very clever artist, who accompanied us +on our visit, and which is an extremely faithful likeness of the +original. Should it please Providence to spare my son to attain to his +seventieth year, he also will be enabled, in the year 1900, to say that +he has seen a man whose father lived in the time of Oliver Cromwell; +thus connecting events, with the intervention of _one_ life only, +comprehending a period of very nearly two centuries and a half. + +P.S. A very interesting narrative of all the facts of this case was +published in the _Manchester Guardian_ a few years ago, comprising many +curious particulars not noticed by myself, a copy of which I shall be +glad to send you, if you think it worthy of insertion in "NOTES AND +QUERIES." + + THOMAS CORSER. + Stand Rectory. + + [We accept with thanks the offer of our valued correspondent.] + + +DR. YOUNG'S NARCISSA. + +A pamphlet was recently published at Lyons and Paris, by a Monsieur de +Terrebasse, intending to prove that the daughter-in-law of Dr. Young, so +pathetically lamented by him in the _Night Thoughts_ under the poetical +name of "Narcissa," was not clandestinely buried at Montpellier; that +Dr. Young did not steal a grave for her from the Roman Catholics of that +city; and that consequently the celebrated and touching episode in Night +III. is purely imaginary. This opinion of M. de Terrebasse, first given +to the world by him in 1832, and now repeated, has been controverted by +the writer of an article in the _Gazette Medicale_ of Montpellier. The +tomb, it is said, of Elisabeth Lee, Dr. Young's daughter-in-law, was +discovered a few years since at Lyons; and M. de Terrebasse endeavours +to prove, from that circumstance, and from a comparison of facts and +dates, that this Elisabeth Lee was the "Narcissa" of the poet. Not +having seen M. de Terrebasse's pamphlet, and being indebted to the +_Journal des Savants_ for this brief account of it, it seems difficult +to discover from it how M. de Terrebasse can pretend so summarily to +invalidate the solemn and touching assertions of the poet, which +assuredly are anything but flights of fancy. + + "Deny'd the charity of dust to spread + O'er dust! a clarity their dogs enjoy, + What could I do? what succour? what resource? + With pious sacrilege a grave I stole; + With impious piety that grave I wrong'd; + Short in my duty, coward in my grief! + More like her murderer than friend, I crept + With soft suspended step, and muffled deep + In midnight darkness, whisper'd my last sigh." + + _Night Thoughts; Narcissa._ + +In the notes to an edition of the _Night Thoughts_, printed in 1798, by +C. Whittingham, for T. Heptinstall-- + + "It appears," it is stated, "by the extract of a letter just printed, + that in order to obtain a grave, the Doctor bribed the under gardener, + who dug the grave, and let him in by a private door, bearing his + beloved daughter, wrapped up in a sheet, upon his shoulder. When he + had laid her in this hole he sat down, and, as the man expressed it, + 'rained tears.' It appears also, that some time previous to this + event, expecting the catastrophe, he had been seen walking solitarily + backward in this garden, as if to find the most solitary spot for his + purpose."--See _Evang. Mag._, Nov. 1797. + +I do not know what authority this letter quoted from the _Evang. Mag._ +may possess. + + J. M. + Oxford, May 20. + + +Minor Notes. + +_Curious Epitaph._--The following lines are on a stone in Killyleagh +churchyard. I have a faint recollection of seeing a similarly +constructed epitaph in Harris's _History of the County of Down_, which +was perhaps composed by the same person. Is any of your readers +acquainted with any English inscription in the same style? + + "Mysta, fidelis, amans, colui, docui, relevavi, + Numen, oves, inopes, pectore, voce, manu. + Laude orbem, splendore polum, cineresque beatos, + Fama illustravit, mens colit, urna tenet." + +It will easily be seen that the first, fourth, seventh, and tenth words +are to be read in connexion, as are those that follow these, and those +next in succession. + +The person on whose tomb the lines occur was the Rev. William +Richardson, who died in 1670, having been minister of Killyleagh for +twenty-one years. By the way, is not _mysta_ a strange designation for a +Presbyterian minister? I should think it would be now considered as +objectionable as _sacerdos_. + + E. H. D. D. + Killyleagh, co. Down. + + * * * * * + +_The Curse of Scotland_ (Vol. i., pp. 61. 90.; Vol. iii., p. 22.).-- + + "The queen of clubs is called in Northamptonshire Queen Bess, perhaps, + because that queen, history says, was of a swarthy complexion; the + four of spades, Ned Stokes, but why I know not; the nine of diamonds, + the curse of Scotland, because every ninth monarch of that nation was + a bad king to his subjects. I have been told by old people, that this + card was so called long before the Rebellion in 1745, and therefore it + could not arise from the circumstance of the Duke of Cumberland's + sending orders, accidentally written upon the card, the night before + the battle of Culloden, for General Campbell to give no quarter." + +The above extract from a communication to the _Gentleman's Magazine_ for +1791, p. 141., is quoted in Mr. Singer's _Researches into the History of +Playing Cards_, p. 271.; but the reason assigned by the writer does not +explain why the nine of _diamonds_ should have acquired the name in +question. The nine of any _other_ suit would be equally applicable. + + L. + + * * * * * + +_The Female Captive: a Narrative of Facts which happened in Barbary in +the Year 1756. Written by Herself_, 2 vols. 12mo. Lond., 1769.--Sir +William Musgrave has written this note in the copy which is now in the +library at the British Museum: + + "This is a true story. The lady's maiden name was Marsh. She married + Mr. Crisp, as related in the narrative. But he having failed in + business went to India, where she remained with her father, then agent + Victualler at Chatham, during which she wrote and published these + little volumes. On her husband's success in India, she went thither to + him. + + "The book having, as it is said, been bought up by the lady's friends, + is become very scarce." + + Y. S. + + * * * * * + +_Pictorial Antiquities._--The following memorandum, in the _autograph_ +of Edward, Earl of Oxford (the Harleian collector), seems worth +preserving: + + "A picture of Edward IV. on board at Kensington. + + "A whole length of him at St. James's, in a night-gown and black cap. + + "A portrait of his queen in the Ashmolean Museum at Oxford. + + "Jane Shore at Eaton (_sic_). + + "Richard III. at Kensington. + + "Picture of Henry V. and his family at Mr. West's. + + "A picture of Mabuse at St. James's, called Albert Durer. + + "Matthew Paris with miniatures, in the British Museum. + + "William of Wickham's Crozier at Oxford. + + "Greek enamellers in the reign of the two Edwards. + + "An old altar-table at Chiswick; Lord Clifford and his lady kneeling; + Consecration of Thomas a Becket at Devonshire House, both by Van + Eyck." + + "Froissart illuminated, wherein is a miniature of Richard II., in the + Museum." + +One might have thought that these notes were made for the use of Horace +Walpole's _History of Painting_; but their writer, the second Lord +Oxford, died in June, 1741, long before Walpole could have thought of +such matters. They perhaps may afford clues to other antiquaries. + + C. + + + + +Queries. + + +ENGLISH POEMS BY CONSTANTINE HUYGHENS. + +It is probable that some of your friendly correspondents in Holland may +have it in their power to indicate where the English verses of +Constantine Huyghens are to be found which he refers to in his _Koren +Bloemen_, 2de Deel, p. 528. ed. 1672, where he was given Dutch +translations with the following superscriptions: "Aen Joffw Utricia +Ogle, uyt mijn Engelsh;" and "Aen Me-Vrouwe Stanhope, met mijn Heilige +dagen, uyt mijn Engelsh." + +Huyghens appears to have had a thorough knowledge of our language, and +his very interesting volume contains translations of twenty of Dr. +Donne's poems, very ably rendered, considering the difficulty of the +task. He refers to this in his address to the reader, and says that an +illustrious Martyr [Charles I.] many years since had declared that he +could not have believed that any one could have successfully +accomplished it. Huyghens confesses that the Latinisms with which our +language abounds, had given him much to wrestle with; and that it was +difficult to express in pure Dutch such words as _ecstasy_, _atomy_, +_influence_, _legacy_, _alloy,_ &c. The first stanza of the song, "Go +and catch a falling Star," may perhaps be acceptable to some of your +readers, who may not readily have access to the book: + + "Gaet en vatt een Sterr in 't vallen, + Maeckt een' Wortel-mensch[1] met kind, + Seght waer men al den tijd die nu verby is vindt, + En wie des Duyvels voet geklooft heeft in twee ballen: + Leert my Meereminnen hooren, + Leert my hoe ick 't boose booren, + Van den Nijd ontkommen moet, + En wat Wind voor-wind is voor een oprecht gemoed." + + [Footnote 1: Mandrake.] + +One more example of his translation, from the epigram on Sir Albertus +Morton, may be allowed, as it is short: + + "She first deceased; he for a little tried + To live without her; liked it not, and died." + + "Sy stierf voor uyt: hy pooghd' haer een' wijl tijds te derven, + Maer had geen' sin daer in, en ging oock liggen sterven." + +Considering the affinity of the languages, and the frequent and constant +intercourse with Holland, it is singular that we should have to +reproach ourselves with such almost total ignorance respecting the +literature of that country. With the exception of the slight sketch +given by Dr. Bowring of its poetical literature, an Englishman has no +work to which he can turn in his own language for information; and Dutch +books may be sought for in vain in London. The late Mr. Heber when in +Holland did not neglect its literature, and at the dispersion of his +library I procured a few valuable Dutch books; among others, the very +handsome volume which has given rise to this note. It contains much +interesting matter, and affords a most amiable picture of the mind of +its distinguished author, who lived to the very advanced age of +ninety-one. There is a speaking and living portrait of him prefixed, +from the beautiful graver of Blotelingk, and a view of his chateau of +Hofwyck, with detailed plans of his garden, &c. He was secretary to +three successive princes of Nassau, accountant to the Prince of Orange, +and Lord of Zuylichem; and lived in habits of friendly intercourse with +almost all the distinguished men who flourished during his long and +prosperous life. His son is well known to the world of science as the +inventor of the pendulum. + +Translations of three or four of Constantine Huyghens' poems are given +by Dr. Bowring in his _Batavian Anthology_. And the great Vondel +pronounces his volume to be-- + + "A garden mild of savours sweet, + Where Art and Skill and Wisdom meet; + Rich in its vast variety + Of forms and hues of ev'ry dye." + + S. W. SINGER. + + +THE REV. MR. GAY. + +The very interesting notices which you have often given us of the truly +great and inestimable Locke, induce me to trouble you with an inquiry +relative to a philosophical writer, who followed in his school, I mean +the Rev. Mr. Gay, the author of the Dissertation prefixed to Bishop +Law's translation of King's _Origin of Evil_. It is sufficient evidence +of the importance of that Dissertation, that it put Hartley upon +considering and developing the principle of association, into which +principle he conceived, and endeavoured to prove, that all the phenomena +of reasoning and affection might be resolved, and of which Laplace +observes, that it constitutes the whole of what has yet been done in the +philosophy of the human mind; "la partie reelle de la metaphysique" +(_Essai Philosophique sur les Probabilites_, p. 224. ed. 1825). + +Of this Mr. Gay, I have not yet been able to learn more than that he was +a clergyman in the West of England; but of what place, of what family, +where educated, of what manner of life, or what habits of study, +biographical or topographical reading has hitherto furnished me with +any information. I should feel greatly indebted to any of your readers +who would give the clue to what is known or can be known about him. It +is probably within easy reach, though I have missed it. The ordinary +biographical dictionaries make no mention of him. + + EDWARD TAGART. + North End, Hampstead, May 19. 1851. + + +Minor Queries. + +_Carved Ceiling in Dorsetshire._--In the south of Dorsetshire there is a +house (its name I do not remember) which has a beautifully carved +ceiling in the hall. This is said to have been sent from Spain by a King +of Castile, who, being wrecked on this coast, and hospitably entertained +by the owners of the mansion, took this method of showing his gratitude. +Can any of your readers inform me what king this was, or refer me to any +work in which I may find it? + + JERNE. + + * * * * * + +_Publicans' Signs._--Will any of your readers inform me whether the +_signs of publicans_ were allowed to be retained by the same edict which +condemned those of all other trades? + + ROVERT. + + * * * * * + +_To a T._--What is the origin of the phrase; and of that "To fit to a +T.?" (Query, a "T square" = ad amussim.) + + A. A. D. + + * * * * * + +_Skeletons at Egyptian Banquet._--Where did Jer. Taylor find this +interpretation of the object of placing a skeleton at the banqueting +table:-- + + "The Egyptians used to serve up a skeleton to their feasts, that + the vapours of wine might be restrained with that bunch of myrrh, + and the vanities of their eyes chastened by that sad object." + +Certainly not in Herodotus, 2. 78.; which savours rather of the +_Sardanapalian_ spirit: "Eat, drink, and love--the rest's not worth a +fillip!" Comp. Is. xxii. 13., 1 Cor. xv. 32. + + A. A. D. + + * * * * * + +_Gloves_ (Vol. i., pp. 72. 405.; Vol. ii., p. 4.; Vol. iii., p. +220.).--Blount, in his _Law Dictionary_, fo. 1670, under the title +"Capias Utlagatum," observes: + + "At present, in the King's Bench, the _outlawry_ cannot be reversed, + unless the defendant appear in person, and, by a present of gloves to + the judges, implore and obtains their favour to reverse it." + +Perhaps some of your correspondents may be able to state when the +practice of presenting gloves to the judges on moving to reverse an +outlawry in the King's Bench was discontinued. The statute 4 & 5 Will. +and Mar. c. 18., rendered unnecessary a _personal_ appearance in that +court to reverse an outlawry (except for treason or felony, or where +special bail was ordered). + + C. H. COOPER. + Cambridge, March 24. 1851. + + * * * * * + +_Knapp Family in Norfolk and Suffolk._--I should be much obliged to any +Norfolk or Suffolk antiquary who would give me information as to the +family of Knapp formerly settled in those counties, especially at +Ipswich, Tuddenham, and Needham Market in the latter county. My +inquiries have not discovered any person of the name at present residing +in any of these places; and my wish is to learn how the name was lost in +the locality; whether by migration--and if so, when, and to what other +part of the county; or if in the female line, into what family the last +heiress of Knapp married; and, as nearly as may be, when either of these +events occurred? + + G. E. F. + + * * * * * + +_To learn by "Heart."_--Can you give any account of the origin of a very +common expression both in French and English, _i. e._ "Apprendre _par +coeur_, to learn _by heart?_" To learn _by memory_ would be +intelligible. + + A SUBSCRIBER TO YOUR JOURNAL. + + * * * * * + +_Knights._--At some periods of our history the reigning monarch bestowed +the honour of knighthood, 1306, Edward I.; at other times, those in +possession of a certain amount of property were compelled to assume the +order, 1254. Query, Was there any difference in rank between the two +sorts of knights? + + B. DE. M. + + * * * * * + +_Supposed Inscription in St. Peter's Church, Rome._--When at school in +France, some twenty years ago, I was informed that the following +inscription was to be found in some part of St. Peter's Church in Rome: + + "Nunquam amplius super hanc cathedram cantabit Gallus." + +It appears that the active part taken by the French in fomenting the +great schism of the Church during the fourteenth century, when they set +up and maintained at Avignon a Pope of their own choosing, had generated +an abhorrence of French interference in the Italian mind; and that, when +the dissensions were abated by the suspension of the rival Popes, the +_ultramontane_ cardinals had posted up this inscription to testify their +desire for the exclusion of French ecclesiastics from the Papal chair. +In one respect the prediction remains in force to this day; for I +believe I am correct in saying that no Frenchman has worn the triple +crown for the last 450 years. But that portion of it which is implied in +the second meaning of "Gallus," has been woefully belied in our time by +the forcible occupation of Rome by a French army, on which occasion the +Gallic cock had all the "crowing" to himself. + +I have never had an opportunity of ascertaining the existence of this +inscription, and shall be obliged to any correspondent of "NOTES AND +QUERIES" who will afford information on the subject. + + HENRY H. BREEN. + St. Lucia, April, 1851. + + * * * * * + +_Rag Sunday in Sussex._--Allow me to ask the explanation of "Rag Sunday" +in Sussex. I lately saw some young gentlemen going to school at +Brighton, who had been provided with some fine white handkerchiefs, when +one observed they would not stand much chance of escape on "Rag Sunday." +He then told me that each boy, on the Sunday but one preceding the +holidays, always tore a piece of his shirt or handkerchief off and wore +it in the button-hole of his jacket as his "rag." When a boy, I remember +being compelled to do the same when at school at Hailsham in Sussex, and +all boys objecting had their hats knocked off and trod on. + + H. W. D. + + * * * * * + +_Northege Family._--Can any one tell me the county and parish in which +the family of Northege were located in the sixteenth century? + + E. H. Y. + + * * * * * + +_A Kemble Pipe of Tobacco._--In the county of Herefordshire, the people +call the last or concluding pipe that any one means to smoke at a +sitting, a _Kemble pipe._ This is said to have originated in a man of +the name of Kemble, who in the cruel persecution under Queen Mary, being +condemned for heresy, in his walk of some miles from the prison to the +stake, amidst a crowd of weeping friends and neighbours, with the +tranquillity and fortitude of a primitive martyr, _smoked a pipe of +tobacco_! Is anything known of this Kemble? and where can I find any +corroboration of the story here told? + + EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + +_Durham Sword that killed the Dragon._--In the Harleian MS. No. 3783., +letter 107., Cosin, in describing to Sancroft some of the ceremonies of +his reception at Durham, mentions "_the sword that killed the dragon_," +as a relic of antiquity introduced on the occasion. I should feel +obliged, if you, or any of your antiquarian readers, could kindly refer +me to some tolerably full account of the ceremony alluded to, or throw +any light upon the meaning of the custom in question, the origin and +history of the sword, and the tradition connected with it. + + J. SANSOM. + + +Minor Queries Answered. + +"_At Sixes and Sevens_" (Vol. iii., p. 118.).--May not this expression +bear reference to the _points_ in the card-game of piquet? + + G. F. G. + +May not this expression have arisen from the passage in Eliphaz's +discourse to Job? + + "He shall deliver thee is _six_ troubles; yea, in _seven_ there shall + no evil touch thee."--Job. v. 19. + + A. M. + +Mr. Halliwell, in his _Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words_, vol. +ii. p. 724., thus explains this phrase: + + "The Deity is mentioned in the _Towneley Mysteries_, pp. 97. 118., as + He that 'sett alle on seven,' _i. e._, set or appointed everything in + seven days. A similar phrase at p. 85. is not so evident. It is + explained in the Glossary, 'to set things in, to put them in order;' + but it evidently implies, in some cases, an exactly opposite meaning, + to set in confusion, to rush to battle, as in the following examples. + '_To set the steven_, to agree upon the time and place of meeting + previous to some expedition,'--_West and Cumb. Dial._ p. 390. These + phrases may be connected with each other. Be this as it may, hence is + certainly derived the phrase _to be at sixes and sevens_, to be in + great confusion. Herod, in his anger at the wise men, says: + + "'Bot be they past me by, by Mahowne in heven, + I shalle, and that in hy, _set alle on sex and seven_; + Trow ye a kyng as I wyll suffre thaym to neven + Any to have mastry bot myself fulle even.' + + _Towneley Mysteries_, p. 143. + + "'Thus he _settez on sevene_ with his sekyre knyghttez.' + + _Morte Arthure_, MS. Lincoln, f. 76. + + "'The duk swore by gret God of hevene, + Wold my hors so evene, + Zet wold I _set all one seven_ + Ffor Myldor the swet!' + + _Degrevant_, 1279. + + "'Old Odcombs odnesse makes not thee uneven, + Nor carelesly set all _at six and seven_.' + + Taylor's _Workes_, 1630, ii. 71." + + J. K. R. W. + + [Six and seven make the proverbially unlucky number _thirteen_, and we + are inclined to believe that the allusion in this popular phrase is to + this combination.] + + * * * * * + +_Swobbers._--There is a known story of a clergyman who was recommended +for a preferment by some great men at court to an archbishop. His Grace +said, "He had heard that the clergyman used to play at whist and +_swobbers_; that as to playing now and then a sober game at whist for +pastime, it might be pardoned; but he could not digest those wicked +swobbers;" and it was with some pains that my Lord Somers could +undeceive him. So says Swift, in his _Essay on the Fates of Clergymen_; +and a note in Sir W. Scott's edition (1824, vol. viii. p 231.) informs +us that the primate was "Tenison, who, by all contemporary accounts, was +a very dull man." At the risk of being thought as dull as the +archbishop, I venture to ask for an explanation of the joke. + + J. C. R. + + [Johnson, under "Swobber" or "Swabber," gives, "1. A sweeper of the + deck;" and "2. Four privileged cards that are only incidentally used + in betting at the game of whist." He then quotes this passage from + Swift, with the difference that he says "clergymen." Were not the + cards so called because they "swept the deck" by a sort of + "sweep-stakes?"] + + * * * * * + +_Handel's Occasional Oratorio._--Will DR. RIMBAULT, or some other +musical correspondent of your journal, enlighten us as to the true +meaning of the name _Occasional Oratorio_, prefixed to one of Handel's +compositions, of which no one that I have ever met with has heard more +than the overture? This composition has become almost universally known +from the foolish practice which used to prevail of performing it as an +introduction to _Israel in Egypt_, or any other work to which its +composer had purposely denied the preliminary of an overture; a practice +now happily exploded, which seems to have had its origin in a +misinterpretation of the name; as though Handel had written the overture +to suit any _occasion_ when one might be needed, instead of, as I am +rather disposed to believe, having some particular occasion in view for +which the oratorio was composed. + + E. V. + + [Surely, if there is no _Occasional_ Oratorio to be found, the + _Overture_ must mean that it was to be used on _occasion_. Our + correspondent does not seem to know the word as it is used by writers + of a century ago, for "Occasional Sermons" or services, &c. The + question is simply one of fact. _Is_ there an Oratorio? Everybody + knows the overture. The writer of this note remembers being horrified, + when a freshman, at hearing the fugue break forth in the College + Chapel, was pondering in his mind whether it was Drops of Brandy, or + the Rondo in the Turnpike-Gate, both then popular tunes.] + + * * * * * + +_Archbishop Waldeby's Epitaph._--W. W. KING would be obliged by a +perfect copy of the inscription on the monumental brass of Archbishop +Waldeby in Westminster Abbey. + + [The brass is engraved in Harding's _Antiquities of Westminster + Abbey_; but it appears that one half of the following inscription, + which was formerly round the verge of the brass, has now been torn + away:-- + + "Hic fuit expertus in quovis jure Robertus, + De Waldeby dictus nunc est sub marmore strictus; + Sacre Scripture Doctor fuit, et geniture + Ingenuus Medicus et plebis semper amicus + Presul Adurensis posthoc Archas Dublinensis + Hinc Cicestrensis, tandem Primas Eborensis + Quarto kalend. Junii migravit cursibus anni + Sepultus milleni ter C. septem Nonies quoque deni. + Vos precor, Orate quod sint sibi dona beate + Cum sanctis vite requiescat et hic sine lite." + + Weever, in his _Funeral Monuments_, quotes the following description + of him from a MS. account of the Archbishops of York, in the Cottonian + Collection:-- + + "Tunc Robertus ordinis fratris Augustini + Ascendit in cathedram primatis Paulini, + Lingua scientificus sermonis latini + Anno primo proximat vite sue fini, + De carnis ergastulo presul evocatur + Gleba sui corporis Westminstre humatur."] + + * * * * * + +_Verstegan._--Will any of the contributors to your valuable miscellany +be kind enough to inform me if there are any engraved portraits of the +quaint old antiquary Richard Verstegan, the author of a curious work, +entitled _A Restitution of Decayed Intelligence_? The portraits may be +common, but living in the country, and at distance from town, I have no +friend from whom I can glean the required information. Can my informant +at the same time acquaint me with the best edition of his work? There +was one printed at Antwerp in 1605. + + J. S. P. (a Subscriber.) + + [Our correspondent will find a notice of Verstegan's work in page 85. + of this volume. The first edition was printed at Antwerp in 1605, and + was reprinted at London in 4to. in 1634, and in 8vo. in 1655 and 1673. + The first edition is deservedly reckoned the best, as well on account + of containing one or more engravings, afterwards omitted, as also for + the superiority of the plates, those in the subsequent editions being + very indifferent copies. No portrait of the author is noticed either + by Granger or Bromley.] + + * * * * * + +_Royal Library._--In the new edition of Boswell's _Life of Johnson_ +(published by the proprietors of the _Illustrated London News_), in the +_National Illustrated Library_, the editor, in reference to the library +of King George III. (which is generally understood to have been +presented to the nation by George IV., and which is recorded to have +been given, in an inscription placed in that magnificent hall), has +appended the following note:-- + + "It has recently transpired that the government of the day bought the + library of George IV., just as he was on the eve of concluding a sale + of it to the Emperor of Russia." + +Can any of your readers inform me if this is correct, and whether the +nation have really paid for what has always been considered a most +worthy and munificent present from a monarch to his subjects? I trust to +hear that the editor has been misinformed. + + J. S. L. + + [The nation certainly never paid one farthing for this munificent + present. The Russian Government offered, we believe, to purchase the + library; and this is probably the origin of the statement in the note + quoted by our correspondent.] + + + + +Replies. + + +HUGH HOLLAND AND HIS WORKS. + +An accidental circumstance having led me to re-peruse the article +entitled _Hugh Holland and his works_ (Vol. ii., p. 265.), I feel myself +called on, as a lover of facts, to notice some of the statements which +it contains. + +1. "He was born at Denbigh in 1558." He was born at Denbigh, but not in +1558. In 1625 he thus expressed himself: + + "Why was the fatall spinster so vnthrifty? + To draw my third four yeares to tell and fifty!" + +2. "In 1582 he matriculated at Baliol College, Oxford." He did not quit +Westminster School till 1589. If he ever pursued his studies at Baliol +College, it was some ten years afterwards. + +3. "About 1590 he succeeded to a fellowship at Trinity College, +Cambridge." In 1589 he was elected from Westminster to a _scholarship_ +in Trinity College, Cambridge--not to a _fellowship_. At a later period +of life, he may have succeeded to a fellowship. + +4. "Holland published two works: 1. _Monumenta sepulchralia Sancti +Pauli_, London, 1613, 4to. 2. _A cypress garland_ etc., London, 1625, +4to." Hugh Holland was not the compiler of the first-named work: the +initials H. H admit of another interpretation. This, however, is a very +pardonable oversight. I could give about twenty authorities for +ascribing the work to Hugh Holland. + +5. The dates assigned to the _Monumenta Sancti Pauli_ are "1613, 1616, +1618, and 1633." Here are three errors in as many lines. The _first_ +edition is dated in 1614. The edition of 1633, which is entitled +_Ecclesia Sancti Pavli illvstrata_, is the _second_. No other editions +exist. + +6. "Holland also printed a copy of Latin verses before Alexander's +_Roxana_, 1632." No such work exists. He may have printed verses before +the _Roxana_ of W. Alabaster, who was his brother-collegian. + +The authorities which I have consulted are Fuller, Anthony a Wood, Henry +Holland, son of the celebrated Philemon Holland, Hugh Holland, and +Joseph Welch; and in submitting the result of my researches to critical +examination, I must commend the writer of the article in question for +his continued efforts to produce new facts, and to explode current +errors. + +Insensible as modern critics may be to the poetical merits of Hugh +Holland, we find him described by Camden as one of the _most pregnant +wits_ of those times; and he certainly gave a notable proof of his +wit--for fame is that which _all hunt after_--in contributing some lines +to _Mr. William Shakespeares comedies, histories, and tragedies_. + +On that account, if on no other, the particulars of his life should be +inquired into and recorded. His _Cypress garland_, a copy of which I +possess, is rich in autobiographical anecdote; and I have collected some +of his fugitive verses, a specimen of which may amuse. As one of the +shortest, I transcribe the lines which he addressed to Giles Farnaby, a +musical composer of some eminence, on the publication of his _Canzonets +to fowre voyces_, A. D. 1598. + + "_M. Hu. Holland to the author._ + + I would both sing thy praise, and praise thy singing, + That in the winter nowe are both a-springing; + But my muse must be stronger, + And the daies must be longer. + When the sunne's in his hight with ye bright Barnaby, + Then should we sing thy praises, gentle Farnaby." + + BOLTON CORNEY. + + +THE MILESIANS. + +(Vol. iii., p. 353.) + +In reply to W. R. M., who asks for information respecting the round +towers of Ireland, I beg to refer him to Dr. Petrie's essay on the +_Ecclesiastical Architecture of Ireland_, in which he will find a full +discussion of the origin, uses, and history of the round towers. + +In reference to the Milesians and other early colonists of Ireland, he +will find the most authentic ancient traditions in the Irish version of +the _Historia Britonum of Nennius_, lately published by the Irish +Archaeological Society of Dublin, with a translation and notes, by the +Rev. J. H. Todd, D.D. The same volume contains also some very curious +and valuable notes by the Hon. A. Herbert. + +What W. R. M. says about the pronunciation of certain names of towns in +Ireland, as confirming the tradition of a Milesian colony from Spain, is +a complete mistake. The pronunciation of _gh_ to which he alludes, +exists only amongst the English (or Anglicised natives) who are unable +to pronounce the guttural _ch_ or _gh_ of the Celtic Irish, and have +substituted for it the sound of _h_, or the sound of the Spanish _j_, to +which W. R. M. refers. Besides this, every philologist knows that the +present language of Spain had no existence at the period to which the +Milesian invasion of Ireland must be referred. It is true that on the +west coast of Ireland some families among the peasantry retain many of +the characteristic features of modern Spaniards; but this circumstance +is due to an intercourse with Spain of a much more recent date than the +Milesian invasion, and is therefore no evidence of that event. It is +well known that considerable trade with Spain was carried on at Galway +and other ports of western Connaught, two centuries ago, and that many +Spanish families settled in Ireland, or intermarried with the natives +during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. + +To remove W. R. M.'s mistaken impression that Drogheda, Aghada, &c., are +names of Spanish origin, it may be well to inform him, first, that the +_gh_ in such names is not sounded like the Spanish _j_, except, as I +have said, by--(I was on the point of writing _foreigners_), but I mean +by those who are unable to pronounce our Celtic guttural aspirates. +Secondly, that Drogheda, Aghada, &c., are names significant in the Irish +language and perfectly well understood, and that as now written they are +not seen in their correct orthography, but in an Anglicised spelling +intended to represent to English ears the native pronunciation. In the +last century Drogheda was usually written _Tredagh_ in English; but the +word in its proper spelling is _Droichet-atha_, the bridge of the ford, +_trajectum vadi_. There are many places in Ireland named from this word +_Droichet_, which is no doubt the Latin _trajectum_, the same which +forms a part of the name of _Utrecht_ (Ultrajectum), and other towns on +the continent. + +The word _Agha_, properly _Achadh_, signifies a _field_, and enters into +the composition of hundreds of topographical names in Ireland. But in +every case the _gh_ (or _ch_, as it properly is) is pronounced +gutturally by the peasantry; the _h_ or Spanish _j_ sound is a modern +Anglicised corruption. + +On the subject of Irish proper names of places and persons a vast body +of curious and valuable information will be found in the publications of +the Irish Archaeological Society, and also in O'Donovan's splendid +edition of the _Annals of the Four Masters_. + + HIBERNICUS. + +We _mere Irish_ assume to be descended from a Phoenician colony; the +word _Milesian_ is not Irish, the families so designated being known in +the Irish language only as "Clonna Gaeel" (I spare the English reader the +_mute_ consonants, which _would rather bother him_ to get his tongue +round). + +Our tradition is, that the leader of the said colony saw Ireland from a +tower, still said to exist near Corunna; he bore the style of _Mileadle +Spaniogle_, for which no better translation is offered than "the soldier +of Spain." His brothers and sons, the chief himself having deceased, are +said to have conducted the expedition to Ireland; and if your +correspondent wishes for a full account of their adventures, he should +consult Keating's _History of Ireland_, which will, at all events, +afford him some amusement. + +As to the round towers, Mr. Petrie's book on _The Ecclesiastical +Antiquities or Architecture of Ireland_ has set that question at rest. +He has shown that they are undoubtedly Christian buildings intended as +_Bell-houses_, which their name in Irish signifies; and further, +probably, for the safe keeping of the sacred vessels, &c., in time of +war or tumult. It is unfortunately too certain that agitation was always +rife in Ireland. On all points connected with Irish antiquities, the +safest and best reference is to the Secretary of the Royal Irish +Academy, Dublin. If this answer attract any of your correspondents to +visit the museum of that establishment, I venture to prophecy that they +will account themselves well repaid for their trouble, even though they +should miss visiting the Great Exhibition thereby. + + KERRIENSIS. + + +THE TANTHONY. + +(Vol. iii., pp. 105. 229. 308.) + +I remember hearing a worthy citizen of Norwich remark, that it was very +odd there should be three churches in the city called after saints whose +names began with the letter T. Having been myself resident in that city +many years, without being aware of this fact, I took the liberty of +inquiring to which three he alluded; when I was unhesitatingly told, +"Why, Sain Tandrew's, Sain Taustin's, and Sain Tedmund's, to be sure!" +Let me then be allowed to repeat ARUN'S question, and to ask, "Why not +Tanthony for Saint Anthony?" + +The same worthy citizen was once sheriff of Norwich, and, as is, or +haply was, the custom,--for I know not how these matters are managed +now-a-days,--went forth in civic state to meet the judges of assize. +When their lordships were seated in the sheriff's carriage, one of them +charitably observed, "Yours, I believe, is a very ancient city, Mr. +Sheriff!" to which the latter, a little flurried, no doubt, at being +thus so pointedly addressed, but in decided accents, replied, "It _was_ +ONCE, my Lord!" And without stopping to consider what was passing in his +mind when he gave utterance to these somewhat ambiguous words, may we +not take them up, and ask whether it be not even so, not only as regards +Norwich, but most of her venerable sister towns as well? Where are their +quondam glories--their arts and rare inventions--their "thoughts in +antique words conveyed"--their "boast of heraldry"--their pageantries +and shows? Where their high-peaked gables--their curiously wrought eaves +and overhanging galleries--their quaint doorways, so elaborately carved, +and all their other cunning devices?--"Modern Taste," with finger +pointed to the newest creation of her plaster genius, triumphantly +echoes the monosyllable, and answers, "Where?" Well, we are perforce +content; only with this proviso:--if, fatigued with the tinselled +superficialities and glossy refinements of the present, we are fain to +"cast one longing lingering look behind," and chance to light upon some +worthy illustrative memorial of the literature, the manners, or domestic +life of the past,--that the spirit of Captain Cuttle's sage advice be +made our own, and that we forthwith transfer our prize for the critical +examination of "diving antiquaries" to the conservative pages of "NOTES +AND QUERIES." + + COWGILL. + +_The Tanthony._--Will your correspondent ARUN permit one to refer him to +an authority for the use of the word "Tanton" for St. Anthony? An +hospital in York, dedicated to St. Anthony, after the dissolution came +into the possession of a gild or fraternity of a master and eight +keepers, who were commonly called "Tanton Pigs." Vide Drake's +_Eboracum_, p. 315. + + [Greek: D]. + +_Tanthony Bell at Kimbolton._--"Tanthony" is from St. Anthony. In +Hampshire the small pig of the litter (in Essex called "the cad") is, or +once was, called "the Tanthony pig." Pigs were especially under this +saint's care. The ensign of the order of St. Anthony of Hainault was a +collar of gold made like a hermit's girdle; at the centre thereof hung +a crutch and a small bell of gold. St. Anthony is styled, among his +numerous titles, "Membrorum restitutor," and "Daemonis fugator:" hence +the bell. + + "The Egyptians have none but wooden bells, except one brought by the + Franks into the monastery of St. Anthony."--Rees' _Cyclopaedia_, art. + Bell. + +I hope ARUN will be satisfied with this connexion of St. Anthony with +the pig, the crutch, and the bell. + +"The staff" in the figure of the saint at Merthyr is, I should think, a +crutch. + + "The custom of making particular saints tutelars and protectors of one + or another species of cattle is still kept up in Spain and other + places. They pray to the tutelar when the beast is sick. Thus St. + Anthony is for hogs, and we call a poor starved creature a _Tantony_ + pig."--Salmon's _History of Hertfordshire_, 1728. + + A. HOLT WHITE. + +May I venture to observe, in confirmation of ARUN'S suggestion as to the +origin of this term, that the bell appears to have been a constant +attribute of St. Anthony, although I have tried in vain to discover any +allusion to it in his legend? + +Frederick von Schlegel, in describing a famous picture by Bramante +d'Urbino (_AEsthetic and Miscellaneous Works_, p. 78.), mentions St. +Anthony as "carrying the hermit's little bell;" and Lord Lindsay, in the +Introduction to his _Letters on Christian Art_ (vol. i. p. 192.), says +that St. Anthony is known by "the bell and staff, denoting mendicancy." +If this be the case, the bell at Kimbolton was doubtless intended +originally to announce the presence of some wayfarer or mendicant. +Tanthony is a common contraction for St. Anthony, as in the term "a +Tanthony pig;" and a similar system of contraction was in use amongst +the troubadours, who put _Na_ for _Donna_; as _Nalombarda_ for _Donna +Lombarda_. + +The bell carried by St. Anthony is sometimes thought to have reference +to his Temptations; bells being, in the words of Durandus, "the trumpets +of the eternal king," on hearing which the devils "flee away, as through +fear." I think, however, that these words apply rather to church bells. + + E. J. M. + + +PILGRIMS' ROAD TO CANTERBURY. + +(Vol. ii., pp. 199. 237. 269. 316.) + +I think those of your readers who are interested in this Query will feel +that the replies it has received are not quite satisfactory, and I +therefore trust you will find some room for the following remarks. + +I would beg to ask, can there be any doubt that from Southwark to +Dartford, and from Rochester to their destination, Chaucer and his +fellow pilgrims journeyed along the old Roman way, then for many +centuries the great thoroughfare from London to the south-eastern +coast, and which for these portions of the route is nearly identical +with the present turnpike-road? The _Tales_ themselves make it certain +that the pilgrims started on this ancient way; for when the Host +interrupts the sermonising of the Reeve, he mentions Deptford and +Greenwich as being in their route: + + "Say forth thy tale, and tarry not the time, + Lo Depeford, and it is half way prime; + Lo Greenewich, there many a shrew is in, + It were all time thy tale to begin." + +Shortly after leaving Dartford the turnpike-road bends to the left, +reaching Rochester by Gravesend and Gadshill; whilst the Roman way, +parts of which are still used, was carried to that city by Southfleet, +and through Cobham Park; and it seems to me that the only question we +have to solve is, whether Chaucer followed the Roman way throughout, or +whether between Dartford and Rochester he took the course of what is now +the turnpike-road. For I cannot but think it very unlikely that, with a +celebrated road leading almost straight as a line to Canterbury, the +pilgrims should either go many miles out of their way to seek another, +as they must have done, or run the risk of losing themselves in a +"horse-track." + +In attempting to determine this point, your readers will remember the +injunction of Poins: + + "But, my lads, my lads, to-morrow morning by four o'clock early at + Gadshill; there are pilgrims going to Canterbury with rich offerings, + and traders riding to London with fat purses."--_Henry IV._, Pt. I. + Act I. Sc. 2. + +And Gadshill the robber tells his fellows: + + "There's money of the king's coming down the hill; 'tis going to the + king's exchequer."--Act II. Sc. 2. + +Here we learn, not only that in Shakspeare's time the road between +London and Canterbury was by Gadshill, but also that the tradition was +that the pilgrims had been accustomed to travel that road. We cannot, I +think, be far out of the way in concluding this to have been the road +that Chaucer selected, and thus have the satisfaction of connecting with +it in an immediate and especial manner the two greatest names in our +literature; for, if he meant the only other road that seems at all +likely, he would, near Cobham, pass within two miles of this famed hill. +Nor can there be much doubt that so loyal a company, following a pious +custom, would tarry at Rochester, to make their offerings on the shrine +of St. William; if so, among the many thousands who have trodden the +steps, now well-nigh worn away, leading to its site, is there one +individual whose presence here we can recall with more pleasure than +that of the father of English poetry? + +It is evident that the road mentioned by S. H. (Vol. ii., p. 237.) is +not Chaucer's road; but I can well understand why it should be called +the "Pilgrims' Road;" nor should I be surprised to learn that other +roads in Kent are known by the same name, for Chaucer tells us in the +"Prologue" to the _Tales_ that + + "From every shire's end + Of Engle-land to Canterbury they wend:" + +and I need scarcely say that these widely scattered pilgrims would not +all traverse the country by one and the same road, but that they would +select various routes, according to the different localities from which +they came. Hence, several roads might be called "Pilgrims' Roads." + +From a paper which appeared in the _Athenaeum_ in 1842, and has since +been reprinted in a separate form, the writer of which I take to be +identical with the reviewer of Buckler's work referred to by MR. +JACKSON, I think we may gather that what he speaks of as the "Old +Pilgrims' Road" is the Otford Road noticed by S. H. and M. (2.) Messrs. +Buckler's tract mentions no wayside chapels in Kent. + +It may not be uninteresting to add, that the author of _Cabinet Pictures +of English Life--Chaucer_ has expressed his firm belief, the grounds for +which must be sought in his work, that the "Pilgrims' Room" of the +Tabard, now the Talbot, in Southwark, whence these memorable pilgrims +set forth, must be at least as old as Chaucer, and that the very gallery +exists along which Chaucer and the pilgrims walked. + + ARUN. + + +Replies To Minor Queries. + +_Shakspeare's Use of "Captious"_ (Vol. ii., p. 354.; Vol. iii., p. +229.).--As W. F. S. does me the favour to ask my opinion of his notion +respecting the passage in _All's Well that Ends Well_, I beg to say that +I am very glad to find he agrees with me in regard to the +_signification_ of the word "captious;" but that I cannot suppose, with +him, that Shakspeare wrote _capatious_ in a passage in which the metre +is regular; for what sort of verse would be-- + + "Yet in this _capatious_ and intenible sieve?" + +Surely W. F. S. has too good an ear to allow him to fix such a line in +Shakspeare's text. + + J. S. W. + Stockwell, April 3. 1851. + + * * * * * + +_Inscription on a Clock_ (Vol. iii., p. 329.).--The words written under +the curious clock in Exeter Cathedral, about which your correspondent M. +J. W. HEWETT inquires, and which are, or were, also to be found under +the clock over the Terrace in the Inner Temple, London, are, in truth, a +quotation from Martial; and it is singular that a sentiment so truly +Christian should have escaped from the pen of a Pagan writer: + + "They" (that is, the moments as they pass) "slip by us unheeded, but + are noted in the account against us." + +What could Chrysostom or Augustine have said stronger or better? The +whole epigram is so good that I venture to transcribe it. + + "AD MARTIALEM DE AGENDA VITA BEATA. + + "Si tecum mihi, care Martialis, + Securis liceat frui diebus, + Si disponere tempus otiosum, + Et verae pariter vacare vitae, + Nec nos atria, nec domos potentum, + Nec lites tetricas, forumque triste + Nossemus, nec imagines superbas: + Sed gestatio, fabulae, libelli, + Campus, porticus, umbra, virgo, thermae; + Haec essent loca semper, hi labores. + Nunc vivit sibi neuter, heu! bonosque + Soles effugere atque abire sentit; + Qui nobis PEREUNT, ET IMPUTANTUR. + Quisquam vivere cum sciat, moratur?" + + Lib. v. ep. 20. + + W.[2] + + [Footnote 2: We are indebted to several other correspondents for + similar replies to this Query; and one, A. C. W., remarks that the + epigram from which these lines are quoted, is thus translated by + Cowley: + + "Now to himself, alas! does neither live, + But sees good suns, of which we are to give + A strict account, set and march thick away: + Knows a man how to live, and does he stay?"] + + * * * * * + +_Authors of the Anti-Jacobin Poetry_ (Vol. iii., p. 348.).--I knew _all_ +the writers, some of them intimately; and I have no doubt of the general +accuracy of MR. HAWKIN'S communication. The items marked B are the least +to be relied on. I do not think Mr. Hammond, then Canning's colleague as +Under-Secretary of State, wrote a line, certainly not of verse, though +he no doubt assisted his friend in compiling, and perhaps correcting; +good offices, which obtained him an honourable _niche_ in the +counter-satire issued from Brooke's, and preserved from oblivion by +having been reprinted in the _Anti-Jacobin_ to give more poignancy to +Canning's reply, "Bard of the borrowed lyre," &c. + +The Latin verses "Ipsa mali Hortatrix" were the _sole_ production of +Lord Wellesley, and he reprinted them a year or two before his death; +Mr. Frere had no share in them: but, on the other hand, Mr. Frere may +have been, and I think was, the author of the _translation_, "Parent of +countless crimes." Lord Wellesley certainly was not; for it was made +after he had sailed for India. + +With regard to Mr. Wright's appropriation of particular passages of the +longer poems to different authors, it is obviously impossible that it +should be more than a vague conjecture. I _know_ that both Canning and +Gifford professed _not_ to be able to make any such distribution; but +both left on my mind the impression that Canning's share of the "New +Morality" was so very much the largest as to entitle him to be +considered its author. Ought not Canning's verses to be collected? + + C. + + * * * * * + +"_Felix, quem faciunt," &c._ (Vol. iii., p. 373.).--Though I cannot +refer EFFIGIES to the original author of this passage, the following +parallels may not be unacceptable to him: + + "Felix, quem faciunt aliorum cornua cautum, + Saepe suo, coelebs dixit Acerra, patri." + + Joannis Audoeni, _Epigr_. 147. Lib. i. (nat. circa 1600.) + +Again: + + "Felix, quicunque dolore + Alterius disces posse carere tuo." + + Tibul. lib. iii. 6. 43. + +It is remarkable that the annotator on this passage in the Delphin ed., +Paris, 1685, p. 327., quotes the line in question thus: "Consonat illud: +Felix quem faciunt," &c., _without giving the authority_. + +Again: + + "Periculum ex aliis facere, tibi quod ex usu siet."--Ter. _Heaut._ i. + 2. 36. (Not 25., as in the Delphin _Index_.) + +Again: + + "Feliciter is sapit, qui periculo alieno sapit." + +This passage is assigned to Plautus in the _Sylloge_ of Petrus +Lagnerius, Francf. 1610, p. 312., but I cannot find it in this author. + + C. H. P. + Brighton, May 12. 1851. + +Perhaps it is hardly an answer to EFFIGIES to tell him that the earliest +occurrence of this line, with which I am acquainted, is in a rebus +beneath the device of the Parisian printer, Felix Balligault, about the +year 1496. Thus: + + "Felix quem faciunt aliena pericula cautum. + Felici monumenta die felicia felix + Pressit: et haec vicii dant retinentve nihil." + +The device is a fruit-tree, from which a shield is suspended inscribed +_felix_. Two apes are seated at the foot of the tree. The thought is, +however, common to the wise and the witty of every age. Menander has it +thus:-- + + [Greek: "Blepon pepaideum eis ta ton allon kaka."] + +And Plautus: + + "Feliciter sapit qui alieno periculum sapit." + +Compare Terence, _Heaut._ i. 2. 36.: + + "Periculum et aliis facere, tibi quod ex usu siet." + +And Diodorus Siculus, i. ab init.: + + [Greek: "Kalon gar to dunasthai tois ton allon agnoemasi pros + diorthosin chresthai paradeigmasi."] + +And Tibullus, lib. iii. eleg. vi.: + + "Felix, quicunque dolore + Alterius disces posse carere tuo." + +These indications may perhaps put your correspondent in the way of a +more satisfactory answer to his question. + + S.W. SINGER. + + * * * * * + +_Church Bells_ (Vol. iii., p. 339.).--Should the following extract from +Mr. Fletcher's _Notes on Nineveh_ have escaped the notice of MR. GATTY, +it may probably interest him:-- + + "During the following (12th) century Dionysius Bar Salibi occupied the + (Jacobite) patriarchal throne, a man noted for piety and learning. He + composed several works on theological subjects, among which we find a + curious disquisition on bells, the invention of which he ascribes to + Noah. He mentions that several histories record a command given to + that patriarch to strike on the bell with a piece of wood three times + a day, in order to summon the workmen to their labour while he was + building the ark. And this he seems to consider the origin of church + bells, an opinion which, indeed, is common to other Oriental + writers."--Vol. ii. p. 212. + + E. H. A. + +_Chiming, Tolling, and Pealing_ (Vol. iii., p. 339).--Though the +following has not, I fear, _canonical_ authority, nor is it of _remote_ +antiquity, still, as they are not lines of yesterday, they may serve as +one Reply to Mr. GATTY'S late Query on _Chiming, tolling, and +pealing_:-- + + "To call the folk to church in time + We _chime_, + When joy and mirth are on the wing + We _ring_, + When we mourn a departed soul + We _toll_." + +I think it probable (though I have no direct proof of it) that the great +bell, or tenor, was always RUNG when a sermon was to be _preached_, +which was not the case when there was to be only prayers. I believe it +is so at this day at St. Mary's, Oxford; it is very certain that the +great bell, being so rung, is in some places called the _Sermon_ Bell, +though I remember two legends on tenor bells, which seem to imply that +they were intended to call to prayers, viz.:-- + + "Come when I call, + To serve God all." + + "For Christ, his flock, I aloud do call, + To confess their sins, and be pardoned all." + +The difference between ringing the tenor (or any bell for prayers), and +ringing it as a knell, is, that in the latter case the bell is set at +every pull or stroke, which causes a solemnity in the sound very +different from that produced by the very reverse mode of ringing it. Oh! +what language there is in bells. In _ringing_, the bell is swung round; +in _tolling_, it is swung merely sufficiently for the clapper to strike +the side. _Chiming_ is when more bells than one are _tolled_ in harmony; +if this be correct, to _toll_ can be applied only when _one_ bell is +sounded, and Horne Tooke's definition of the word, from _tollere_, to +_raise up_, must be wrong (humiliter loquor). + +With regard to the present use of the old Sanctus Bell, which is called +at Ecclesfield _Tom Tinkler_, the same is often called the _Ting Tang_. + + H. T. ELLACOMBE. + Clyd St. George. + + * * * * * + +_Extraordinary North Briton_ (Vol. iii., p. 409.).--In answer to the +inquiries of the reviewer in the _Athenaeum_ of May 17, and your +correspondent, the writer of the _Extraordinary North Briton_ appears to +have been an individual of the name of William Moore, not, as apparently +supposed, the poet William Mason. I have, amongst a complete series of +the London newspapers of the day, a set of the _Extraordinary North +Briton_, beginning Tuesday (May 10, 1768) and terminating with the 91st +No. (Saturday, January 27, 1770). Whether it was continued further I do +not know. The early numbers are published by Staples Steare, 93. Fleet +Street, and the subsequent ones by T. Peat, 22. Fleet Street, and by +William Moore, 55., opposite Hatton Garden, Holborn. The second and +subsequent numbers are entitled, _The Extraordinary North Briton_, by +W---- M----. In the last three numbers the W---- M---- is altered to +William Moore, and at the end of each is "London, printed and sold by +the author, W. Moore, No. 22., near St. Dunstan's Church, Fleet Street." +In the 90th number is the following advertisement: + + "Mr. Moore thinks it highly incumbent on him to acquaint the public, + that Thomas Brayne (who was his shopman all last winter) is now + publishing a spurious paper under the same title in Holborn; that they + may not be deceived, Mr. Moore's name will be in front of every paper + he writes. He begs leave further to add, that Brayne sold several + papers last week in his name, and told those who purchased them, that + they were wrote by Mr. Moore, and that he published for him. In order + that the public may not be deceived by such low artifice, an affidavit + of Brayne's proceedings in this respect, will appear in the public + papers some time next week." + +I have also the papers published by Brayne, which are advertised at the +end to be "Printed and Published by T. Brayne, No. 55., opposite Hatton +Garden, Holborn." + +I have referred to No. 4, for Friday, June 3, 1768, addressed to Lord +Mansfield, noticed in the _Athenaeum_; but, with all due respect to the +opinion of the reviewer, I cannot see the slightest similitude to the +style of Junius. It appears to me to be a very feeble performance, and +by a very inferior person. Indeed, the entire series of the +_Extraordinary North Briton_ seems poor and flat when compared with its +predecessor, the original and famous _North Briton_. + +The attempt to show Mason to be Junius is amusing and ingenious; but the +reviewer has evidently failed in persuading himself, and therefore, +amidst the many startling improbabilities by which such an attempt is +encompassed, is scarcely likely to gain many converts to such a theory. + + JAMES CROSSLEY. + + * * * * * + +_Fitzpatrick's Lines on Fox._--MR. MARKLAND, in your 78th Number (p. +334.), asks the true reading of the third line.--The word should be +"mind," not "course." + +The lines are under the engraved bust of Fox, prefixed to the edition, +in elephant folio, of his _History of the early Part of the Reign of +James II._, and the word there given is "course." In my copy of that +work is inserted a letter from Miller, the publisher, to a deceased +friend of mine, who was an original subscriber at "Five Guineas, +boards!" + +That letter, so far as is material, is as follows:-- + + "The error in the engraving of the writing was certainly a very bad + one, and not to be remedied, but it is a satisfaction to me that it + was Lord Holland's mistake and not mine. I have his lordship's + original writing of the four lines to clear myself. W. Miller, + Albemarle Street, June 6, 1808." + + Q. D. + + * * * * * + +_Ejusdem Farinae_ (Vol. iii., p. 278.).--This phrase was used in a +disparaging sense long before the time of the "scholastic doctors and +casuists of the middle ages," as may appear from Persius, v. 115-117., +where he is showing that an elevation in rank does not necessarily +produce a more elevated tone of mind; and says to an imaginary upstart: + + "Sin tu, cum fueris _nostrae_ paulo ante _farinae_, + Pelliculam veterem retines, et fronte politus + Astutam vapido servas sub pectore vulpem," &c. + +It is needless to add that the metaphor is taken from loaves made from +the "_same batch_" of flour, where, if one be bad, all the others must +be equally so. + + J. EASTWOOD. + Ecclesfield Hall. + +Stephens, in his _Thesaurus_, under the head of "Farinae," states-- + + "Proverbiales locutiones sunt, Ejusdem Farinae, Nostrae farinae," + +but makes no allusion to its being a term expressive of baseness and +disparagement. Nor does it seem to be so used by Persius in v. 115. of +his 5th Satire: + + "Si tu, cum fueris nostrae paulo ante farinae." + +We employ a somewhat similar expression, when we say, "both of the same +kidney." + + C. I. R. + +This expression may be traced beyond "the scholastic doctors and +casuists of the middle ages." Erasmus, in his _Adagia_, says,-- + + "Ejusdem farinae dicuntur, inter quos est indiscreta similitudo. Quod + enim aqua ad aquam collata, idem ad farinam farinae. Persius in 5 + Satyr. + + "'Nostrae paulo ante farinae, + Pelliculam veterem retines.'" + +And again, on the proverb "Omnia idem pulvis," he says,-- + + "Quin nobis omnia idem, quod aiunt, pulvis: alludens ad defunctorum + cineres, inter quos nibil apparet discriminis. Confine illi quod alio + demonstravimus proverbio, ejusdem farinae. Siquidem antiqui farinam + pollinem vocabant." + +Is. Casaubon, in a note on the above passage of Persius, says,-- + + "Proverbium Latinum ad notandum similitudinem, 'est ejusdem farinae,' + proprie locum habet in panibus." + +Though the expression is generally, if not always, used disparagingly, +as the corresponding expressions "birds of a feather" and "of the same +kidney," yet I should doubt whether the term "farinae" is itself +expressive of baseness, any more than "feather" or "kidney." By the way, +what is the origin of the latter of the above expressions? + + E. S. T. T. + + * * * * * + +_The Sempecta_ (Vol. iii., pp. 328. 357.).--I have to return many thanks +to DR. MAITLAND for his kindness in so promptly answering my Query. The +reference to Martene has enabled me to find the poem in question. It is +in Martene and Durand's _Thesaurus novus Anecdotorum_, Paris, 1717; and +will be found in vol. iii. col. 1333. The poem forms caput iii. of the +second book of the _Historia Monasterii Villariensis in Brabantia, +ordinis Cisterciensis_ (a title which shows the monastery to which the +old soldier-monk belonged instead of Croyland), and is headed "Incipit +vita beati Franconis." I think there are few of your readers who will +not thank me for calling their attention to it, if they will take the +trouble to refer to Martene's work. + + H. R. LUARD. + Trin. Coll. May 5. + + * * * * * + +"_Nulli fraus tuta latebris_" (Vol. iii., p. 323.) will be found in +_Camerar. Emblem._, cent. ii. 40. + + Q. Q. + + * * * * * + +_Voltaire--where situated_ (Vol. iii., p. 329.).--If the Querist will +look to the _Critical Essays of an Octogenarian_, by J. R. (the learned, +venerable, and respected James Roche, Esq., of Cork), he will find, at +p. 11. vol. i., that there is no such place, the word "Voltaire" being +merely a transposition of the name of the party assuming it as a +designation. Thus, he was called _Arouet Le Jeune_. Transpose the +letters of _Arouet L. J._, and allowing _j_, _u_ and _i_, _v_ to be used +for each other, you have _Voltaire_. + + K. + + * * * * * + +_By the Bye_ (Vol. ii., p. 424.; Vol. iii., p. 109.).--In further +illustration of this phrase, I would advert to the practice of declaring +by the bye, which prevailed in the superior courts of common law, before +the Uniformity of Process Act (2 Will. IV., c. 39.). The following +extract from Burton's _Exchequer Practice_, 1791, vol. i. p. 149., will +sufficiently explain this happily obsolete matter:-- + + "By the old rules it is ordered, 'That upon every defendant's + appearance, the plaintiff may put in as many declarations as he will + against every such defendant, provided they all be put in at one and + the same time.' If there be more than one declaration delivered at the + same time against the same defendant, every additional declaration so + delivered is called delivering the declaration by the bye." + +In the King's Bench, in certain cases, any other plaintiff could declare +by the bye against the defendant, and that even before the original +plaintiffs had declared. See Crompton's _Practice Common-placed_, 2nd +ed., 1783, vol. i. p. 100. + +_The Doctor_ (in chap. cx.) says-- + + "By the bye, which is the same thing, in common parlance, as by the + way, though critically there may seem to be a difference; for by the + bye might seem to denote a collateral remark, and by the way a direct + one." + +By the bye, what a pity it is there is no Index to _The Doctor_. + + C. H. COOPER. + Cambridge, March 24, 1851. + + * * * * * + +_Bigod de Loges_ (Vol. iii., p. 306.).--There is an error, perhaps a +clerical one, in M. J. T.'s statement, that "Bigod, whose name was +attached to the charter of foundation of St. Werburgh's Abbey, is +elsewhere, according to Ormerod, called Robert." + +The remark is by Leycester, not Ormerod, and the purport is exactly the +converse. To the words "Signum Roberti de Loges" is added, "alii Bigot +de Loges hic legunt." Vide _Monasticon_, pars I., pp. 200. 202. + +This passage will be found in Leycester's _Antiquities_, p. 111., +reprinted in _Hist. Chesh._, vol. i. p. 13. But Leycester's +_Prolegomena_ is the heading, and the initials "P. L." are appended to +the note. + + LANCASTRIENSIS. + + * * * * * + +_Knebsend or Nebsend, co. York_ (Vol. iii., p. 263.).--A part of +Sheffield is called Neepsend, which is probably the place inquired after +by J. N. C., especially as the ordinary pronunciation of it is +_Nep_send. + + J. EASTWOOD. + + * * * * * + +_Mrs. Catherine Barton_ (Vol. iii., p. 328.).--Your correspondent will +find all that is known in Sir David Brewster's _Life of Newton_, and +will see (p. 323.) that her maiden name must have been either Smith, +Pilkington, or Barton itself. + + M. + + * * * * * + +_Peter Sterry_ (Vol. iii., p. 38.).--In the title-page to his sermon, +preached before the Parliament, Nov. 1, 1649 (Lond. 1650, 4to.), Sterry +is called "sometime Fellow of Emanuel College, Cambridge; now a Preacher +of the Gospel in London." Some account of him may be seen in Burnet's +_History of his own Time_; and in the _Memoirs of Edmund Ludlow_. Wood +says that Peter Sterry was notorious "for keeping on that side which had +proved trump" (_Athenae_, iii. 197., edit. Bliss). + + EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + +_Wife of James Torre_ (Vol. iii., p. 329.).--In reply to MR. PEACOCK'S +Query I beg to inform him that the lady's name was Elizabeth, youngest +of the four daughters and co-heiresses of William Lincolne, D.D., of +Bottesford, and by her Mr. Torre had several children, all of whom died +young except Jane, who married, in 1701, the Rev. Thomas Hassel. This is +taken from Burke's _Dictionary of Landed Gentry_, vol. ii, M to Z, +published by Colburn, London, 1847, where the Torre pedigree can be +seen, but no other mention of the _Lincolne_ family is there made. There +are seven different coats of arms and crests under the name _Lincolne_ +in Burke's _Armory of England, Scotland, and Ireland_, published by +Churton in 1843. This is all I can find at present. + + J. N. C. + + * * * * * + +_Ramasse_ (Vol. iii., p. 347.).--One word to complete MR. WAY'S +explanation. This style of sliding down the slopes of the Alps is called +a _ramasse_, because the guides are ready below to _ramasser_, that is, +to _pick up_, the travellers who are thus sent down. + + C. + +This word is by no means obsolete in France, in the acceptation of "a +sledge." In addition to the instances given from Barre and Roquefort by +MR. ALBERT WAY, in his instructive note on the "Pilgrymage of Syr R. +Guylforde, Knyght," I find in Napoleon Landais' _Dictionnaire general et +grammatical des Dictionnaires Francais_," the following explanation:-- + + "RAMASSE, chaise a porteurs, traineau pour descendre des montagnes ou + il y a de la neige: _descendre une montagne dans une ramasse_." + +He also says, in defining the meaning of the verb "ramasser:" + + "Trainer dans une _ramasse: on le ramassa pendant deux heures; quand + il fut sur la montagne, il se fit ramasser_." + +The late Mr. Tarver, in his _Dictionnaire Phraseologique Royal_, has +also the following: + + "RAMASSE, s. f. (t. de voyageur), sledge. + "_On le ramassa_, they conveyed him in a sledge. + "RAMASSEUR, a man who drives a sledge." + + D. C. + St. John's Wood, May 4. 1851. + + * * * * * + +_Four Want Way_ (Vol. iii., p. 168.).--Halliwell describes the word +"want" as meaning in Essex a cross-road. It is still used here as +denoting a place where four roads meet, and called "a four want way." I +always fancied it meant a wont way, _via solita_; but I have no +authority for the etymology. + + BRAYBROOKE. + Audley End. + + ["Went" is used in Chaucer in the sense of "way," "passage," + "turning," or road: thus, in _Troilus and Creseide_, iii. 788., he + speaks of a "a privie went," and v. 605., "And up and doun there made + he many a went;" and in the _House of Fame_: + + "And in a forrest as they went, + At the tourning of a went."] + + * * * * * + +_Dr. Owen's Works_ (Vol. i., p. 276.).--The editor of the _Works of John +Owen_ is informed, that in the valuable library of George Offor, Esq., +of Hackney, will be found a thick volume in manuscript of unpublished +_Sermons on the Fifty-third Chapter of Isaiah_, in the Doctor's own +hand-writing, and apparently prepared for publication. The same library +also contains two scarce pieces by Dr. Owen, which it is thought have +never been reprinted: 1. _The Stedfastness of Promises, and the +Sinfulness of Staggering_, opened in a sermon preached at Margaret's, in +Westminster, before the Parliament, Feb. 28, 1649, being a Day set apart +for Solemn Humiliation throughout the Nation. By John Owen, Minister of +the Gospel. London, 1650. 4to. pp. 54.--2. _God's Work in Founding Zion, +and his People's Duty thereupon._ A Sermon preached in the Abbey Church +at Westminster, at the opening of the Parliament, Sept. 17, 1656. By +John Owen, a Servant of Jesus Christ in the Work of the Gospel. Oxford, +1656. 4to. pp. 48. + + J. Y. + Hoxton. + + * * * * * + +_Bactrian Coins_ (Vol. iii., p. 353.).--Has your correspondent read the +book by Masson _On the Coins, &c. of Afghanistan_, published by +Professor H. H. Wilson? There are also references to authorities in +Humphreys _On Ancient Coins and Medals_. + + C. B. + +_Bactria._--BLOWEN will find some trustworthy information respecting +Bactria in Professor Lassen's _Indische Alterthumskunde_, Zweiter Band, +pp. 277. et seq. Bonn, 1849; and a list of authorities on the +Graeco-Bactrian coins in the same work, pp. 282. 283. (notes). + + C. H. + + * * * * * + +_Baldrocks_ (Vol. iii., p. 328.).--On looking over a vestry book +belonging to South Lynn in this town, commencing at 1605, and ending in +1677, I find some Churchwardens' Accounts, and amongst them the two +following entries, which may, I trust, assist "A CHURCHWARDEN," and lead +to an elucidation of this word:-- + + "1610. + "Janua. 17. ffor a _balledrick_ to ye great Bell, xxi_d._ + + "1618. + "Novemb. 22. Item. for mendine of ye _baldericke_ for ye foore + bell, vj_d._" + +From these entries it seems that the "baldrock" was something attached +to the great bell. + +In most of the recent English Dictionaries the word is applied to +furniture, and to a belt or girdle. But in a Latin Dictionary published +at Cambridge in 1693, I find in the Anglo-Latin part the following:-- + + English. A bawdrick of a bell clapper. + Latin. Ropali corrigia. + +And the English of "Ropali Corrigia" seems (notwithstanding the English +version given with it) to be "_pieces of leather_," or "_thongs of +leather_" to the bell clapper, but for what purpose used I do not know. + + JOHN NURSE CHADWICK. + +P.S. The word "corrigia" is taken from the word "corium," a skin of +leather. + + [Were not these leather coverings?--that for the rope, to prevent its + cutting the ringer's hands (as we constantly see), and also to prevent + his hand slipping; and that for the clapper, to muffle it--straps of + leather girded round them.] + + * * * * * + +_Tu Autem_ (Vol. iii., pp. 265. 308.).--The "Tu Autem," still remembered +at Oxford and Cambridge, and yet lingering at the public dinners of the +canons of Durham, is the last fragment of what was once a daily, or at +least an almost daily, religious form or service at those ancient +places; and it is rather strange that such a fragment should have +remained so long in the collegiate and cathedral refectory without +having preserved any remembrance of its real origin and meaning. If +Bishop Hendren or Father Holdfast would forego their favourite pursuits +for a few minutes, and look into your interesting and improving +miscellany, they might inform you that in the Romish Breviary--which, no +doubt, has preserved many ancient religious services--there is a form +entitled _Benedictio mensae_. As the generality of your readers may not +have the Breviary at hand, I send you so much of the service as may +suffice for the present purpose. + + "BENEDICTIO MENSAE. + + "_Ante prandium Sacerdos benedicturus mensam, incipit_, Benedicite, + _et alii repetunt_, Benedicite. _Deinde dicit_ Oculi omnium, _et alii + prosequuntur_. In te sperant, Domine, et tu das escam illorum in + tempore opportuno" &c. &c. Then "Gloria Patri" &c., and "Pater noster" + &c. &c. + + "_Postea Sacerdos dicit_: + + "Oremus. + + "Benedic Domine nos, et haec tua dona, quae de tua largitate sumus + sumpturi. Per Christum Dominum nostrum. Amen. + + "_Deinde Lector._ Jube Domine benedicere. _Benedictio._ Mensae + coelestis participes faciat nos Rex aeternae gloriae. Amen. + + "_Post prandium aguntur gratiae hoc modo. Dicto a Lectore_, Tu autem + Domine miserere nobis. Deo gratias, _omnes surgunt_. + + "_Sacerdos incipit._ Confiteantur tibi Domine omnia opera tua. Et + Sancti tui benedicant tibi. Gloria Patri, &c. + + "_Postea Sacerdos absolute dicat_: _A_gimus tibi gratias, omnipotens + Deus, pro universis beneficiis tuis, &c. + + "_Deinde alternatim dicitur Psalmus._ Miserere mei Deus. + + "_Vel Psalmus 116._" (in our version, 117.), &c. &c. &c. + +The service then proceeds with very much repetition. The performance of +the whole would probably occupy twenty minutes. + +I must note that there are variations in the service depending upon the +season, &c. &c. + +I have indicated the _rubric_ of the Breviary by _Italics_. + + J. YALC. + Preston, Lanc. + + * * * * * + +_Commoner marrying a Peeress_ (Vol. ii., p. 230.).--Your correspondent +L. R. N. inquires whether there is any decision subsequent to that in +the reign of Henry VIII. on the claim to the Taylboys barony, respecting +the right of a Commoner marrying a peeress to assume her title and +dignity, he having issue male by her. In reply I beg to inform him that +there appears to have been one on the claim of Richard Bertie, in 1580, +to the Barony of Willoughby, in right of his wife Catherine Duchess of +Suffolk, as tenant by the curtesy, which was rejected, and Peregrine +Bertie her son was admitted in the lifetime of his father. It seems, +however, from the want of modern instances, as also by the elevation of +ladies to the rank of peeresses, with remainders to their children, thus +enabling the issue to sit in the lifetime of the father, that the +prevailing notion is against curtesy in titles of honour. This subject +will be found treated at some length in Cruise's _Digest_, vol. iii. pp. +187, 188. 198. ed. 1818. + + O. S. + + * * * * * + +_Ancient Wood Engraving_ (Vol. iii., p. 277.).--The subject of THE +HERMIT OF HOLYPORT'S question is an engraving of the "Pinax" of Cebes, a +Theban philosopher who wrote circa A. M. 3600, and who, in his +allegorical work of that name, described human life under the guise of a +picture. + +This information is for the HERMIT'S especial benefit, as I suppose it +will be old news to most of your correspondents. + +I have an old Dutch edition of the "Pinax" (Gerard de Jager, 1683), +bound in vellum, with the _Enchiridion_ and other works of Epictetus; +the frontispiece of which is the fellow to the Hermit's engraving. + + F. I. + Bradford. + + * * * * * + +_Vegetating Insects_ (Vol. iii., p. 166.).--As the Query of MR. MANLEY +in No. 70. has not been answered, I beg to say that Vegetating Insects +are not uncommon both in New South Wales and New Zealand. The insect is +the caterpillar of a large brown moth, and in New South Wales is +sometimes found six inches long, buried in the ground, and the plant +above ground about the same length: the top, expanded like a flower, has +a brown velvety texture. In New Zealand the _plant_ is different, being +a single stem from six to ten inches high: its apex, when in a state of +fructification, resembles the club-headed bulrush in miniature. When +newly dug up, and divided longitudinally, the intestinal canal is +distinctly visible, and frequently the hairs, legs, and mandibles. +Vegetation invariably proceeds from the nape of the neck; from which it +may be inferred, that the insect, in crawling to the place where it +inhumes itself, prior to its metamorphosis, while burrowing in the light +vegetable soil, gets some of the minute seeds of the fungus between the +scales of its neck, from which in its sickening state it is unable to +free itself, and which consequently, being nourished by the warmth and +moisture of the insect's body then lying motionless, vegetates, and not +only impedes the process of change in the chrysalis, but likewise +occasions the death of the insect. The New South Wales specimen is +called "Sphaeria Innominata," that of New Zealand "Sphaeria Robertsii;" +both named, I believe, by Sir W. J. Hooker. In some specimens of the New +Zealand kind now before me, the _bodies_ of the insects are in their +normal state, but the legs, &c., are gone. + +Both specimens are figured and described in the _Tasmanian Journal_, +vol. i. No. 4. + + VIATOR. + + Chatham. + + * * * * * + +_Prayer at the Healing_ (Vol. iii., p. 352.).--N. E. R. inquires whether +this prayer found a place in the prayer-books printed at Oxford or +Cambridge. + +I have it before me in the folio Book of Common Prayer, "Oxford, printed +by John Baskett, Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty, and to +the University, MDCCXV." It is placed between the form of prayer for +Aug. 1. (the King's Accession) and the King's Declaration preceding the +Articles. + +This form differs from that given by Sparrow, in his _Collection_, edit. +1684, p. 165., as follows:-- + +Sparrow gives _two_ Gospels: Mark, xvi. 14., St. John, i. 1., the +imposition of the King's hands taking place at the words "_they shall +lay_," &c. in the reading of the first, and the gold being placed at +reading the words "_that light_" in the second. + +In Baskett's form, the _first_ Gospel only is used, with the collect +"_Prevent us, O Lord_," before it. + +In Baskett's form, the supplicatory versicles and Lord's Prayer, which +agree in their own order with the earlier form, _follow_ this first +Gospel, and _precede the imposition and the suspension of the gold_, +during which (it is directed) the chaplain that officiates, _turning +himself to his Majesty_, shall say these words following: + + "God give a blessing to this work, and grant that these sick persons, + on whom the king lays his hands, may recover through Jesus Christ our + Lord." + +This does _not_ appear in Sparrow's form of 1684, _neither_ does the +following address, at the close, by the "chaplain, _standing with his +face towards them that come to be healed_." + + "The Almighty God, who is a most strong tower to all them that put + their trust in Him, to whom all things in heaven, in earth, and under + the earth do bow and obey, be now and evermore your defence, and make + you know and feel that there is none other Name under heaven given to + man, in whom, and through whom, you may receive health and salvation, + but only the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, Amen." + +Objectionable as the ceremony was, there can be no doubt that a much +more Protestant character was given to it by these alterations. + + LANCASTRIENSIS. + + * * * * * + +_M. or N._ (Vol. i., p. 415.; Vol. ii., p. 61.; Vol. iii., p. +323.).--With reference to the initials or letters M. and N. found in the +Catechism and the Marriage Service of our Common Prayer Book, it has +struck me that a fancy of mine may satisfy some of those who wish to +find more than a mere caprice in the selection of them. + +It is remarkable that in the Catechism we read N. or M., while in the +service for Matrimony M. is for the man, N. for the woman. + +I have imagined long ago that "N. or M." may mean "_n_omen viri; aut +_m_ulieris:" that M. may stand for "maritus" in the other place, and N. +for "nupta." + + TYRO ETYMOLOGICUS. + +N. stands (as it constantly did in MS.) for "nomen" or name; M. for N. +N., "nomina" or names. You will observe that in black letter the forms +of N and M are so very similar that by an easy contraction double N +would pass into M, and thus the contracted form N. N. for "nomina" might +have come into M. Corroborating this is the fact that the answer to What +is your name? stands thus: Answer N. or M., and not M. or N. + + J. F. T. + +P.S. Throughout the Matrimonial Service I observe M. attached to the +man's name, but N. to the woman's. + + * * * * * + +_Dancing Trenchmore_ (Vol. iii., p. 89.).--Your correspondent S. G. asks +the meaning of this phrase? _Trenchmore_ was a very popular dance in the +sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The earliest mention I find of it +occurs in 1564, and the latest in 1728. The figure and the musical notes +may be seen in the fifth and later editions of _The Dancing Master_. See +also Chappell's _National English Airs_, vol. ii. p. 181., where some +amusing quotations concerning its popularity are given. _Trenchmore_ +(the meaning of which we have to seek) was, however, more particularly +the name of the _dance_ than the tune. The _dance_, in fact, was +performed to _various_ tunes. In proof of this I give the following +quotation from Taylor the water-poet's _Navy of Land Ships_, 1627: + + "Nimble-heel'd mariners (like so many dancers) capring in the pompes + and vanities of this sinful world, sometimes a Morisco, or + _Trenchmore_ of forty miles long, to the tune of _Dusty my deare_, + _Dirty come thou to me_, _Dun out of the mire_, or _I waile in woe and + plunge in paine_: all these dances have no other musicke." + + EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + +_Demosthenes and New Testament_ (Vol. iii., p. 350.).--If your +correspondent C. H. P. had referred to the _Critici Sacri_, he would +have found his questions answered. With regard to the quotation from +Acts xvii. 21., I beg to inform him that Drusius makes the same +reference, but generally only, as Pricaeus; while Grotius gives the +passages with particular references, in the same manner as Lagnerius. As +to the passage from St. Matthew xiii. 14., he would have found, had he +consulted the _Critici Sacri_, that Grotius quotes the same passage from +Demosthenes as Pricaeus; but, as far as I can see, they are the only +commentators in that work who observed the parallel passages. However, +the fact of its being "employed as an established proverb by Demosthenes +having been generally overlooked," as C. H. P. supposes, is not quite +correct, as it is mentioned in the brief notes in Dr. Burton's _Greek +Testament_, Oxon., 1831. + + H. C. K. + ---- Rectory, Hereford, May 3. 1851. + + * * * * * + +_Roman Catholic Church_ (Vol. iii., pp. 168. 409.).--E. H. A. will find +the information which he requires in the _Notizie per l'anno_ 1851. It +is a very small annual published at Rome _by authority_. Its price +cannot exceed 4_s._ or 5_s._ + + F. + + * * * * * + +_Yankee, Derivation of_ (Vol. iii., p. 260.).--In Webster's _American +Dictionary_, and in the _Imperial Dictionary, English, Technological, +and Scientific_, J. M. will see the etymology of Yankee, which M. +Philarete Charles supposes not to be given in any work American or +English. + + NORTHMAN. + + * * * * * + +_English French_ (Vol. iii., p. 346.).--I take the liberty to inform C. +W. B., for the justification of my countrymen, as well as of his own, +that the _Guide to Amsterdam_ was probably written by a British subject +born between the tropics, and will point out, not by way of reprisals, +but as a curiosity of the same sort, an example of French-English to be +found in a book just published by Whittaker and Co., entitled _What's +What in 1851_? Let any one who understands French try to read the +article, p. 69., headed "Qu'est que, qu'est que la veritable luxure en +se promenant," and if he can guess at the meaning of the writer, no +foreign-English I ever met with will ever give him trouble. + + G. L. KEPPER. + Amsterdam, May 10. 1851. + + * * * * * + +_Deans, when styled Very Reverend_ (Vol. iii., p. 352.).--I cannot +answer this question, but I can supply a trace, if not a clue. I find in +a long series of old almanacks that the list of deans is invariably +given as _the Reverend_ the dean down to 1803 inclusive. I unluckily +have not those for the three next years, but in that for 1807 I find +"_the very Reverend_ the dean." + + C. + + * * * * * + +_Duchess of Buckingham_ (Vol. iii., p. 281.).--There is one circumstance +omitted by P. C. S. S., in his remarks upon the Duchess of Buckingham, +which explains why _a Phipps_, on being called to the peerage, chose the +titles of Mulgrave and Normanby. + +By her second husband--the Duke of Buckingham and Normanby--she had one +son, who succeeded to the title and estates; but, dying unmarried during +his mother's lifetime, _bequeathed to her all the Mulgrave and Normanby +property_. Her daughter (by her first marriage with James Annesley, +third Earl of Anglesey) was then the wife of Mr. W. Phipps, son of Sir +Constantine Phipps, Lord Chancellor of Ireland: to their issue, +Constantine Phipps, first Lord Mulgrave, the Duchess _left by will these +estates_; thus founding her grandson's fortune, although she did not +live to see him created the first Baron Mulgrave. + +The Sheffield Buckingham family, although extinct in the male line, is +represented in the female branch by the Sheffield Dicksons; Mrs. +Dickson, the widow of Major Dickson, of the Life-Guards, being in direct +descent from the Lady Catherine Darnley's husband, by another wife. + + A. B. + Redland, April 13. + + * * * * * + +_Swearing by the Peacock_ (Vol. iii., p. 70.).--Swearing in the presence +of a peacock, referred to by T. J., from Dr. Lingard's _History of +England_, time of Edward I., is, with the ceremony observed at the Feast +of the Peacock, in the thirteenth century, related at full by Mr. Knight +in his _Old England_, pp. 311. and 312.; and the representation of the +Feast from the Bran of Robert Braunche, in the choir of St. Margaret's +Church at Lynn (a mayor of Lynn), who died October 15, 1364, is given +fig. 1088. + + BLOWEN. + + * * * * * + +_Howe Family_ (Vol. iii., p. 353.).--Your correspondent who asks what +was the connexion of the Howes with the royal family, will find in +Walpole's _Reminiscences_ (ch. ii.) that Charlotte Viscountess Howe, the +mother of Captain Howe, afterwards the celebrated admiral, and of +General Sir William Howe, was the daughter of George I. by Madame +Kelmansegge, Countess of Platen, created in England Countess of +Darlington. + + C. + + + + +Miscellaneous. + + +NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. + +Dr. Gregory, Professor of Chemistry at the University of Edinburgh, and +the translator of Reichenbach's _Researches on Magnetism_, has just +published a volume destined, we believe, to excite considerable +attention, both from the nature of its subject and the position of the +writer. It is entitled _Letters to a Candid Inquirer on Animal +Magnetism_, and in the first Part, after describing the phenomena, and +their application to medical purposes, and to the explanation of much +that is obscure in what is called Magic or Witchcraft, "a great part of +which appears to have rested on a knowledge of these phenomena possessed +by a few in an ignorant age," Dr Gregory suggests, not as a fully +developed theory, but simply as a conceivable idea, an explanation of +the _modus operandi_ in magnetic phenomena, especially in clairvoyance. +The basis of this explanation is the existence of that universally +diffused power or influence, the existence of which, in Dr. Gregory's +opinion, Reichenbach has demonstrated. The second Part consists of a +large and startling collection of mostly unpublished cases; and Dr. +Gregory expresses his conviction that if the evidence is fairly studied, +it will be impossible to believe that the alleged facts are the result +of imposture or of delusion; or to resist the conviction, which +investigation will confirm, that the essential facts, however apparently +marvellous, are yet true, and have been faithfully reported. These cases +are indeed most extraordinary, and would, at first sight, seem more +fitted to fill our Folk Lore columns than to become the subject of +scientific enquiry; and most readers, we believe, will rise from their +perusal with an inclination to admit that there are more things true +than are dreamt of in their philosophy--some with an anxious doubt +whether these "arts" are not as "forbidden" as they are "curious." + +The Society of Arts have opened a reading-room for the gratuitous use of +foreign visitors to London during the Great Exhibition. Our readers will +be doing a kindness to their friends from the Continent by making them +acquainted with this act of liberality and good feeling on the part of +the Society of Arts. + +Messrs. Puttick and Simpson (191. Piccadilly) will sell on Wednesday and +Thursday next a curious and valuable Library, rich more especially in +the department of voyages and travels, and including a collection of +very rare works relating to America. + +CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--B. Quaritch's (16. Castle Street, Leicester +Square) Cheap Book Circular No. 29. of Books in all Languages.--C. +Hamilton's (22. Anderson's Buildings, City Road) Interesting Catalogue +No. 43. of Cheap Tracts, Law and Miscellaneous Manuscripts, &c.--J. +Miller's (43. Chandos Street) Catalogue No. 23. of Books Old and New. + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + + DIANA (ANTONINUS) COMPENDIUM RESOLUTIONEM MORALIUM. Antwerp.-Colon. + 1634-57. + + PASSIONAEL EFTE DAT LEVENT DER HEILIGEN. Folio. Basil, 1522. + + CARTARI--LA ROSA D'ORO PONTIFICIA. 4to. Rome, 1681. + + BROEMEL, M. C. H., FEST-TANZEN DER ERSTEN CHRISTEN. Jena, 1705. + + THE COMPLAYNT OF SCOTLAND, edited by Leyden. 8vo. Edin. 1801. + + THOMS' LAYS AND LEGENDS OF VARIOUS NATIONS. Parts I. to VII. 12mo. + 1834. + + L'ABBE DE SAINT PIERRE, PROJET DE PAIX PERPETUELLE. 3 Vols. 12mo. + Utrecht, 1713. + + CHEVALIER RAMSAY, ESSAI DE POLITIQUE, ou l'on traite de la Necessite + de l'Origine, des Droits des Bornes et des differentes Formes de la + Souverainete, selon les Principes de l'Auteur de Telemaque. 2 Vols. + 12mo. La Haye, without date, but printed in 1719. + + The same. Second Edition, under the title "Essai Philosophique sur le + Gouvernement Civil, selon les Principes de Fenelon," 12mo. Londres, + 1721. + + PULLEN'S ETYMOLOGICAL COMPENDIUM, 8vo. + + COOPER'S (C. P.) ACCOUNT OF PUBLIC RECORDS, 8vo. 1822. Vol I. + + LINGARD'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND. Sm. 8vo. 1837. Vols. X. XI. XII. XIII. + + MILLER'S (JOHN, OF WORCESTER COLL.) SERMONS. Oxford, 1831 (or about + that year). + + WHARTON'S ANGLIA SACRA. Vol. II. + + PHEBUS (Gaston, Conte de Foix), Livre du deduyt de la Chasse. + + TURNER'S SACRED HISTORY. 3 vols. demy 8vo. + + KNIGHT'S PICTORIAL HISTORY OF ENGLAND. Vol. IV. Commencing from + Abdication of James II. + + LORD DOVER'S LIFE OF FREDERICK THE GREAT. 8vo. 1832. Vol. II. + + LADIES' DIARY FOR 1825 AND 1826. + + CHRISTIAN'S COUNSELS, &C., WITH THE SEPARATISTS' SCHISM, by Richard + Bernard, of Worksop or Batcombe, 1608. + + Any early Copies of Tyndale the Reformer's WORKS. + + LIFE OF DR. RICHARD FIELD, 2 Vols. 8vo. London. 1716-17. + + FAIRFAX'S TASSO, Singer's Edit. Large paper, uncut. + + CRESPET, PERE. Deux Livres de la Haine de Satan et des Malins Esprits + contre l'Homme. 8vo. Paris, 1590. + + JACQUIER, N. FLAGELLUM DAEMONUM V. 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WALCOTT, + M.A., of Exeter College, Oxford; Curate of St. James's, Westminster. + + RIVINGTONS, St. Paul's Church Yard, and Waterloo Place; + + Of whom may be had, by the same Author, just published, + + THE ENGLISH ORDINAL: its History, Validity, and Catholicity. 10_s._ + 6_d._ + + +Just published, in 1 vol. fcp. 8vo. 5_s._ cloth, + + =A TREATISE OF EQUIVOCATION.= Wherein is largely discussed the + question whether a Catholicke or any other person before a magistrate, + being demanded upon his Oath whether a Prieste were in such a place, + may (notwithstanding his perfect knowledge to the contrary) without + Perjury, and securely in conscience, answer No; with this secret + meaning reserved in his mynde, That he was not there so that any man + is bounde to detect it. Edited from the Original Manuscript in the + Bodleian Library, by DAVID JARDINE, of the Middle Temple, Esq., + Barrister at Law. + + London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, and LONGMANS. + + + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW. of No. 8. New Fleet Square, at No. 5. New +Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride in the City of London; and +published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. +Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186 Fleet +Street aforesaid.--Saturday, May 31. 1851. + + + + +[Transcriber's Note: This text uses _underscores_ to indicate _italic_ +fonts; =equal= signs represent =bold= text.] + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. III, Number +83, May 31, 1851, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, MAY 31, 1851 *** + +***** This file should be named 36835.txt or 36835.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/6/8/3/36835/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This +file was produced from images generously made available +by The Internet Archive/American Libraries.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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