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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Maxims and Hints on Angling, Chess,
+Shooting, and Other Matters, by Richard Penn
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Maxims and Hints on Angling, Chess, Shooting, and Other Matters
+       also, Miseries of Fishing
+
+Author: Richard Penn
+
+Release Date: July 23, 2011 [EBook #36821]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MAXIMS AND HINTS ON ANGLING ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Mark C. Orton, Emmy and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was
+produced from images generously made available by The
+Internet Archive)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+MAXIMS AND HINTS
+
+ON
+
+ANGLING, CHESS, SHOOTING,
+
+AND
+
+OTHER MATTERS;
+
+ALSO,
+
+MISERIES OF FISHING.
+
+With Wood-Cuts.
+
+BY RICHARD PENN, Esq., F.R.S.
+
+
+_A NEW EDITION, ENLARGED._
+
+
+        LONDON:
+        JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET.
+
+        MDCCCXLII.
+
+
+
+
+        LONDON:
+        Printed by WILLIAM CLOWES and SONS,
+        Stamford Street.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+
+  Maxims and Hints for an Angler                     1
+  Miseries of Fishing                               25
+  Maxims and Hints for a Chess Player               55
+  Maxims and Hints on Shooting and Other Matters    81
+
+
+
+
+THE FOLLOWING EXTRACTS
+
+FROM THE
+
+Common-Place-Book
+
+OF THE
+
+HOUGHTON FISHING CLUB
+
+ARE RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED
+
+TO HIS
+
+BROTHER ANGLERS
+
+BY A
+
+MEMBER OF THE CLUB.
+
+          LONDON,
+        _March, 1833._
+
+
+
+
+MAXIMS AND HINTS
+
+FOR
+
+AN ANGLER.
+
+        "You see the ways the fisherman doth take
+        "To catch the fish; what engines doth he make?
+        "Behold! how he engageth all his wits,
+        "Also his snares, lines, angles, hooks, and nets:
+        "Yet fish there be, that neither hook nor line,
+        "Nor snare, nor net, nor engine can make thine;
+        "They must be groped for, and be tickled too,
+        "Or they will not be catch'd, whate'er you do."
+                                            JOHN BUNYAN
+
+
+
+
+MAXIMS AND HINTS
+
+FOR
+
+AN ANGLER:
+
+BY
+
+A BUNGLER.
+
+[Loosely thrown out, in order to provoke contradiction, and elicit truth
+from the expert.]
+
+
+I.
+
+ARE there any fish in the river to which you are going?
+
+
+II.
+
+Having settled the above question in the affirmative, get some person
+who knows the water to show you whereabout the fish usually lie; and
+when he shows them to you, do not show yourself to them.
+
+
+III.
+
+Comparatively coarse fishing will succeed better when you are not seen
+by the fish, than the finest when they see you.
+
+
+IV.
+
+Do not imagine that, because a fish does not instantly dart off on first
+seeing you, he is the less aware of your presence; he almost always on
+such occasions ceases to feed, and pays you the compliment of devoting
+his whole attention to you, whilst he is preparing for a start whenever
+the apprehended danger becomes sufficiently imminent.
+
+
+V.
+
+By wading when the sun does not shine, you may walk in the river within
+eighteen or twenty yards below a fish, which would be immediately driven
+away by your walking on the bank on either side, though at a greater
+distance from him.
+
+
+VI.
+
+When you are fishing with the natural May-fly, it is as well to wait for
+a passing cloud, as to drive away the fish by putting your fly to him in
+the glare of the sunshine, when he will not take it.
+
+
+VII.
+
+If you pass your fly neatly and well three times over a trout, and he
+refuses it, do not wait any longer for him: you may be sure that he has
+seen the line of invitation which you have sent over the water to him,
+and does not intend to come.
+
+
+VIII.
+
+If your line be nearly _taut_, as it ought to be, with little or no gut
+in the water, a good fish will always hook himself, on your gently
+raising the top of the rod when he has taken the fly.
+
+[Illustration: "Whence he is to be instantly whipt out by an expert
+assistant, furnished," &c.
+
+To face page 6.]
+
+
+IX.
+
+If you are above a fish in the stream when you hook him, get below him
+as soon as you can; and remember that if you pull him, but for an
+instant, against the stream, he will, if a heavy fish, break his hold;
+or if he should be firmly hooked, you will probably find that the united
+strength of the stream and fish is too much for your skill and tackle.
+
+
+X.
+
+I do not think that a fish has much power of stopping himself if,
+immediately on being hooked, he is moved slowly with the current, under
+the attractive influence of your rod and line. He will soon find that a
+forced march of this sort is very fatiguing, and he may then be brought,
+by a well-regulated exercise of gentle violence, to the bank, from
+whence he is to be instantly whipt out by an expert assistant, furnished
+with a landing-net, the ring of which ought not to be of a less
+diameter than eighteen inches, the handle of it being seven feet long.
+
+
+XI.
+
+If, after hooking a trout, you allow him to remain stationary but for a
+moment, he will have time to put his helm hard a-port or a-starboard,
+and to offer some resistance. Strong tackle now becomes useful.
+
+
+XII.
+
+Bear always in mind that no tackle is strong enough, unless well
+handled. A good fisherman will easily kill a trout of three pounds with
+a rod and a line which are not strong enough to lift a dead weight of
+one pound from the floor, and place it on the table.
+
+
+XIII.
+
+Remember that, in whipping with the artificial fly, it must have time,
+when you have drawn it out of the water, to make the whole circuit, and
+to be at one time straight behind you, before it can be driven out
+straight before you. If you give it the forward impulse too soon, you
+will hear a crack. Take this as a hint that your fly is gone to grass.
+
+
+XIV.
+
+Never throw with a long line when a short one will answer your purpose.
+The most difficult fish to hook is one which is rising at three-fourths
+of the utmost distance to which you can throw. Even when you are at the
+extent of your distance, you have a better chance; because in this case,
+when you do reach him, your line will be straight, and, when you do not,
+the intermediate failures will not alarm him.
+
+
+XV.
+
+It appears to me that, in whipping with an artificial fly, there are
+only two cases in which a fish taking the fly will infallibly hook
+himself without your assistance, viz.
+
+1. When your fly first touches the water at the end of a straight line.
+
+2. When you are drawing out your fly for a new throw.
+
+In all other cases it is necessary that, in order to hook him when he
+has taken the fly, you should do something with your wrist which it is
+not easy to describe.
+
+
+XVI.
+
+If your line should fall loose and wavy into the water, it will either
+frighten away the fish, or he will take the fly into his mouth without
+fastening himself; and when he finds that it does not answer his
+purpose, he will spit it out again, before it has answered yours.
+
+
+XVII.
+
+Although the question of fishing up or down the stream is usually
+settled by the direction of the wind, you may sometimes have the
+option; and it is, therefore, as well to say a word or two on both
+sides.
+
+1. If, when you are fishing down-stream, you take a step or two with
+each successive throw, your fly is always travelling over new water,
+which cannot have been disturbed by the passing of your line.
+
+
+2. When you are fishing up-stream, you may lose the advantage of raising
+so many fish; but, on the other hand, you will have a better chance of
+hooking those which rise at your fly, because the darting forward of a
+fish seizing it has a tendency to tighten your line, and produce the
+desired effect.
+
+
+3. If you are in the habit of sometimes catching a fish, there is
+another great advantage in fishing up-stream, viz. whilst you are
+playing and leading (necessarily down-stream) the fish which you have
+hooked, you do not alarm the others which are above you, waiting till
+their turn comes.
+
+
+XVIII.
+
+The learned are much divided in opinion as to the propriety of whipping
+with two flies or with one. I am humbly of opinion that your chance of
+hooking fish is much increased by your using two flies; but I think
+that, by using only one, you increase your chance of landing the fish.
+
+
+XIX.
+
+When you are using two flies, you can easily find the bob-fly on the top
+of the water, and thus be sure that the end-fly is not far off. When you
+are using only one fly, you cannot so easily see where the fly is; but I
+think that you can make a better guess as to where the fish is likely to
+be after you have hooked him.
+
+
+XX.
+
+Also, when you are using two flies, you may sometimes catch a fish with
+one of them, and a weed growing in the river with the other. When such a
+_liaison_ is once formed, you will find it difficult, with all your
+attractions, to overcome the strong attachment of the fish to your
+worthless rival the weed.
+
+
+XXI.
+
+If the weed will not give way in the awkward juncture above alluded to,
+you must proceed to extremities. "Then comes the tug of war;" and your
+line is quite as likely to break between you and the fish, as between
+the fish and the weed.
+
+
+XXII.
+
+When, during the season of the May-fly, your friends, the gentlemen from
+London, say that they "have scarcely seen a fish rise all day," do not
+too hastily conclude that the fish have not been feeding on the fly.
+
+[Illustration: "You will find it difficult, with all your attractions,
+to overcome the strong attachment," &c.
+
+To face page 12.]
+
+
+XXIII.
+
+The only "rising" which is seen by the unlearned is the splash which is
+made by a fish when he darts from a considerable depth in the water to
+catch an occasional fly on the surface. There is, however, another sort
+of "rising," which is better worth the skilful angler's attention, viz.
+
+
+XXIV.
+
+When a fish is seriously feeding on the fly, he stations himself at no
+greater depth than his own length, and, making his tail the hinge of his
+motions, he gently raises his mouth to the top of the water, and quietly
+sucks in the fly attempting to pass over him. A rising of this sort is
+not easily seen, but it is worth looking for; because, although a fish
+feeding in this manner will rarely go many inches on either side for a
+fly, he will as rarely refuse to take one which comes (without any gut
+in the water) directly to him.
+
+
+XXV.
+
+If your fly (gut unfortunately included) should swim over a fish without
+his taking it, look out well for a darting line of undulation, which
+betokens his immediate departure; and remember, that it is of no use to
+continue fishing for him after he is gone.
+
+
+XXVI.
+
+The stations chosen by fish for feeding are those which are likely to
+afford them good sport in catching flies, viz.
+
+1. The mouths of ditches running into the river.
+
+2. The confluence of two branches of a stream, which has been divided by
+a patch of weeds.
+
+3. That part of a stream which has been narrowed by two such patches.
+
+4. Fish are also to be found under the bank opposite to the wind, where
+they are waiting for the flies which are blown against that bank, and
+fall into the river.
+
+
+XXVII.
+
+If, during your walks by the river-side, you have marked any good fish,
+it is fair to presume that other persons have marked them also. Suppose
+the case of two well-known fish, one of them (which I will call A.)
+lying above a certain bridge, the other (which I will call B.) lying
+below the bridge. Suppose further that you have just caught B., and that
+some curious and cunning friend should say to you in a careless way,
+"Where did you take that fine fish?" a finished fisherman would advise
+you to tell your inquiring friend that you had taken your fish just
+_above_ the bridge, describing, as the scene of action, the spot which,
+in truth, you know to be still occupied by the other fish, A. Your
+friend would then fish no more for A., supposing that to be the fish
+which you have caught; and whilst he innocently resumes his operations
+below the bridge, where he falsely imagines B. still to be, A. is left
+quietly for you, if you can catch him.
+
+
+XXVIII.
+
+When you see a large fish rising so greedily in the middle of a sharp
+stream, that you feel almost sure of his instantly taking your May-fly,
+I would advise you to make an accurate survey of all obstructions in the
+immediate neighbourhood of your feet--of any ditch which may be close
+behind you--or of any narrow plank, amidst high rushes, which you may
+shortly have to walk over in a hurry. If you should hook the fish, a
+knowledge of these interesting localities will be very useful to you.
+
+
+XXIX.
+
+When your water-proof boots are wet through, make a hole or two near the
+bottom of them, in order that the water, which runs in whilst you are
+walking in the river, may run freely out again whilst you are walking
+on the bank. You will thus avoid an accompaniment of pumping-music,
+which is not agreeable.
+
+
+XXX.
+
+Never mind what they of the old school say about "playing him till he is
+tired." Much valuable time and many a good fish may be lost by this
+antiquated proceeding. Put him into your basket _as soon as you can_.
+Everything depends on the manner in which you commence your acquaintance
+with him. If you can at first prevail upon him to go a little way down
+the stream with you, you will have no difficulty afterwards in
+persuading him to let you have the pleasure of seeing him at dinner.
+
+
+XXXI.
+
+Do not be afraid of filling your pockets too full when you go out; you
+are more likely to leave something behind you than to take too much. A
+man who seldom catches a fish at any other time, usually gets hold of
+one (and loses him of course) whilst his attendant is gone back for
+something which had been forgotten.
+
+
+XXXII.
+
+If your attendant is a handy fellow at landing a fish, let him do it in
+his own way: if he is not, try to find a better man, or go home.
+Although so much depends upon his skill, you will rarely derive much
+comfort from asking him for his opinion. If you have had bad sport, and
+say to him, "Which way shall we go now?" he will most probably say,
+"Where you please, sir." If you ask him what he thinks of the weather,
+he is very likely to say that last week (_when you were in London_) it
+was "famous weather for fishing;" or he will perhaps say, that he
+expects that next week (_when you are to be at home again_) it will be
+very good. I never knew one of these men who was satisfied with the
+present hour.
+
+
+XXXIII.
+
+Do not leave off fishing early in the evening because your friends are
+tired. After a bright day, the largest fish are to be caught by whipping
+between sunset and dark. Even, however, in these precious moments, you
+will not have good sport if you continue throwing after you have whipped
+your fly off. Pay attention to this; and if you have any doubt after
+dusk, you may easily ascertain the point, by drawing the end of the line
+quickly through your hand,--particularly if you do not wear gloves.
+
+
+XXXIV.
+
+No attempt is here made to give directions as to the best seasons for
+cutting the woods which are fittest for the making of rods, or as to the
+mode of preparing them; because the worst rod which is kept for sale at
+the present day is probably as good as the best of the first few dozen
+which any amateur is likely to make for himself.
+
+
+XXXV.
+
+Lastly--When you have got hold of a good fish, which is not very
+tractable, if you are married, gentle reader, think of your wife, who,
+like the fish, is united to you by very tender ties, which can only end
+with her death, or her going into weeds. If you are single, the loss of
+the fish, when you thought the prize your own, may remind you of some
+more serious disappointment.
+
+                                                            R. P.
+
+  _Rod Cottage, River Side,
+      31st May, 1829._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+POSTSCRIPT.
+
+
+I FORGOT to say, that, if a friend should invite you to his house,
+saying that he will give you "an excellent day's fishing," you ought not
+to doubt his kind intention, but you certainly ought not to feel very
+sure that you will have good sport. Provide yourself for such a visit
+with everything which you may want, as if you were going into an
+uninhabited country. Above all things, take a landing-net with you. Your
+friend's (if he has one) is probably torn and without a handle, being a
+sort of reticulated shovel for taking fish out of the well of a punt.
+Take warning from the following story:--
+
+Mr. Jackson and Mr. Thompson went last week to the house of Mr. Jenkins,
+for a few days' fishing. They were received with the utmost kindness
+and hospitality by Mr. and Mrs. Jenkins, and on the following morning
+after breakfast, the gardener (who was on that day called the fisherman)
+was desired to attend them to the river. Thompson, who had a landing-net
+of his own, begged to have a boy to carry it. Jack was immediately sent
+for, and he appeared in _top_ boots, with a livery hat and waistcoat.
+
+Arrived at the water-side, Thompson gave his gnat-basket to the boy, and
+told him to go on the other side of the river, and look on the grass for
+a few May-flies. Jack said that he did not exactly know what May-flies
+were, and that the river could not be crossed without going over a
+bridge a mile off. Thompson is a patient man, so he began to fish with
+his landing-net for a few May-flies, and after he had necessarily
+frightened away many fish, he succeeded in catching six or seven
+May-flies.
+
+[Illustration: The boy exclaiming, "Damn 'un, I miss'd 'un," instantly
+threw a second brick-bat.
+
+To face page 23.]
+
+Working one of them with the blowing-line much to his own
+satisfaction, and thinking to extract a compliment from his attendant,
+he said, "They do not often fish here in this way--do they?" "No," said
+the boy, "they drags wi' a net; they did zo the day afore yesterday."
+
+Our angler, after much patient fishing, hooked a fine trout; and having
+brought him carefully to the bank, he said, "Now, my lad, don't be in a
+hurry, but get him out as soon as you can." Jack ran to the water's
+edge, threw down the net, and seizing the line with both hands, of
+course broke it immediately.
+
+Nothing daunted, Thompson now mended his tackle and went on fishing; and
+when he thought, "good easy man," that the very moment for hooking
+another trout was arrived, there was a great splash just above his
+fly;--and the boy exclaiming, "Damn un, I miss'd un," instantly threw a
+second brick-bat at a rat which was crossing the river.
+
+Mine host, in order to accommodate his friends, dined early; and when
+they went after dinner to enjoy the evening fishing, they found that the
+miller had turned off the water, and that the river was nearly dry,--so
+they went back to tea.
+
+                                                            R. P.
+
+[Illustration: _F. R. Lee, Esq., R.A._]
+
+
+
+
+MISERIES OF FISHING.
+
+
+"_Quĉque ipse miserrima vidi._"
+
+
+
+
+MISERIES OF FISHING.
+
+
+I.
+
+MAKING a great improvement in a receipt which a friend had given you for
+staining gut--and finding that you have produced exactly the colour
+which you wanted, but that the dye has made all your bottoms quite
+rotten.
+
+
+II.
+
+Suddenly putting up your hand to save your hat in a high wind, and
+grasping a number of artificial flies, which you had pinned round it,
+without any intention of taking hold of more than one at a time.
+
+
+III.
+
+Leading a large fish down-stream and arriving at a ditch, the width of
+which is evident, although the depth of it may be a matter of some
+doubt. Having thus to decide very quickly whether you will lose the fish
+and half your tackle, or run the risk of going up to your neck in mud.
+Perhaps both.
+
+
+IV.
+
+Feeling rather unsteady whilst you are walking on a windy day over an
+old foot-bridge, and having occasion to regret the decayed state of the
+hand-rail, which once protected the passing fisherman.
+
+
+V.
+
+Fishing for the first time with flies of your own making--and finding
+that they are quite as good as any which you can buy, except that the
+hooks are not so firmly tied to the gut.
+
+
+VI.
+
+Taking out with you as your aide-de-camp an unsophisticated lad from the
+neighbouring village, who laughs at you when you miss hooking a fish
+rising at a fly, and says with a grin. "You can't vasten 'em as my
+vather does."
+
+[Illustration: "And having occasion to regret the decayed state of the
+hand-rail," &c.
+
+To face page 28.]
+
+
+VII.
+
+Making the very throw which you feel sure will at last enable you to
+reach a fish that is rising at some distance--and seeing the upper half
+of your rod go into the middle of the river. When you have towed it
+ashore, finding that it has broken off close to the ferule, which is
+immoveably fixed in the lower half of your rod.
+
+
+VIII.
+
+Feeling the first cold drop giving notice to your great toe that in less
+than two minutes your boot will be full of water.
+
+
+IX.
+
+Going out on a morning so fine that no man would think of taking his
+water-proof cloak with him--and then, before catching any fish, being
+thoroughly wet through by an unexpected shower.
+
+
+X.
+
+When you cannot catch any fish--being told by your attendant of the
+excellent sport which your predecessor had on the same spot, only a few
+days before.
+
+
+XI.
+
+Having brought with you from town a large assortment of expensive
+artificial flies--and being told on showing them to an experienced
+native, that "They are certainly very beautiful, but that none of them
+are of any use here."
+
+
+XII.
+
+After trying in vain to reach a trout which is rising on the opposite
+side of the river--at last walking on; and before you have gone 100
+yards, looking back, and seeing a more skilful friend catch him at the
+first throw.--Weight 3 lbs. 2 oz.
+
+[Illustration: "Looking back, and seeing a more skilful friend catch him
+at the first throw."
+
+To face page 30.]
+
+
+XIII.
+
+Having stupidly trodden on the top of your rod--and then finding that
+the spare top, which you have brought out with you in the butt, belongs
+to the rod which you have left at home, and will not fit that which you
+are using.
+
+
+XIV.
+
+Having steered safely through some very dangerous weeds a fish which you
+consider to weigh at least 3 lbs., and having brought him safely to the
+very edge of the bank,--then seeing him, when he is all but in the
+landing-net, make a plunge, which in a moment renders all your previous
+skill of no avail, and puts it out of your power to verify the accuracy
+of your calculations as to his weight.
+
+
+XV.
+
+Fishing with the blowing-line when the wind is so light that your fly is
+seldom more than two yards from you, or when the wind is so strong that
+it always carries your fly up into the air, before it comes to the spot
+which you wish it to swim over.
+
+
+XVI.
+
+Wishing to show off before a young friend whom you have been learnedly
+instructing in the mysteries of the art, and finding that you cannot
+catch any fish yourself, whilst he (an inexperienced hand) hooks and
+lands (by mere accident of course) a very large one.
+
+
+XVII.
+
+Attempting to walk across the river in a new place without knowing
+exactly whereabouts certain holes, which you have heard of, are. Probing
+the bottom in front of you with the handle of your landing-net,--and
+finding it very soft.
+
+[Illustration: "Probing the bottom in front of you with the handle of
+your landing-net."
+
+To face page 32.]
+
+
+XVIII.
+
+Going some distance for three days' fishing, on the two first of which
+there is bright sunshine and no wind, and then finding that the third,
+which opens with "a southerly wind and a cloudy sky," is the day which a
+neighbouring farmer has fixed upon for washing two hundred sheep on the
+shallow where you expected to have the best sport.
+
+
+XIX.
+
+Being allowed to have one day's fishing in a stream, the windings of
+which are so many, that it would require half a dozen different winds to
+enable you to fish the greater part of it, from the only side to which
+your leave extends.
+
+
+XX.
+
+Finding, on taking your book out of your pocket, that the fly at the end
+of your line is not the only one by many dozen which you have had in
+the water, whilst you have been wading rather too deep.
+
+
+XXI.
+
+Wading half an inch deeper than the tops of your boots, and finding
+afterwards that you must carry about with you four or five quarts in
+each, or must sit down on the wet grass whilst your attendant pulls them
+off, in order that you may empty them, and try to pull them on again.
+
+
+XXII.
+
+Jumping out of bed very early every morning, during the season of the
+May-fly, to look at a weathercock opposite to your window, and always
+finding the wind either in the north or east.
+
+[Illustration: "You must sit down on the wet grass whilst your attendant
+pulls them off, in order," &c.
+
+To face page 34.]
+
+
+XXIII.
+
+Having just hooked a heavy fish, when you are using the blowing-line,
+and seeing the silk break about two feet above your hand; then
+watching the broken end as it travels quickly through each successive
+ring, till it finally leaves the top of your rod, and follows the fish
+to the bottom of the river.
+
+
+XXIV.
+
+Receiving a very elegant new rod from London, and being told by one of
+the most skilful of your brother anglers, that it is so stiff,--and by
+another, that it is so pliant, that it is not possible for any man to
+throw a fly properly with it.
+
+
+XXV.
+
+Being obliged to listen to a long story about the difficulties which one
+of your friends had to encounter in landing a very fine trout which has
+just been placed on the table for dinner, when you have no story of the
+same sort to tell in return.
+
+
+XXVI.
+
+Hooking a large trout, and then turning the handle of your reel the
+wrong way; thus producing an effect diametrically opposite to that of
+shortening your line, and making the fish more unmanageable than before.
+
+
+XXVII.
+
+Arriving just before sunset at a shallow, where the fish are rising
+beautifully, and finding that they are all about to be immediately
+driven away by five-and-twenty cows, which are preparing to walk very
+leisurely across the river in open files.
+
+
+XXVIII.
+
+Coming to an ugly ditch in your way across a water-meadow late in the
+day, when you are too tired to jump, and being obliged to walk half a
+mile in search of a place where you think you can step over it.
+
+[Illustration: "Finding that they are all about to be immediately driven
+away by five-and-twenty cows."
+
+To face page 36.]
+
+
+XXIX.
+
+Flattering yourself that you had brought home the largest fish of the
+day, and then finding that two of your party have each of them caught a
+trout more than half a pound heavier than yours.
+
+
+XXX.
+
+Finding yourself reduced to the necessity of talking about the beautiful
+form and colour of some trout, which you have caught, being well aware
+that in the important particular of _weight_, they are much inferior to
+several of those taken on the same day by one of your companions.
+
+
+XXXI.
+
+Telling a long story after dinner, tending to show (with full
+particulars of time and place) how that, under very difficult
+circumstances, and notwithstanding very great skill on your part, your
+tackle had been that morning broken and carried away by a very large
+fish; and then having the identical fly, lost by you on that occasion,
+returned to you by one of your party, who found it in the mouth of a
+trout, caught by him, about an hour after your disaster, on the very
+spot so accurately described by you--the said very large fish being,
+after all, a very small one.
+
+
+XXXII.
+
+Arriving at a friend's house in the country, one very cold evening in
+March, and being told by his keeper that there are a great many large
+pike in the water, and that you are sure of having good sport on the
+following day; and then looking out of your bed-room window the next
+morning, and seeing two unhappy swans dancing an awkward sort of minuet
+on the ice, the surface of the lake having been completely frozen during
+the night.
+
+                                                            R. P.
+
+  LONDON,
+    _March, 1833._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration: _F. R. Lee, Esq., R.A._]
+
+
+
+
+MORE MISERIES.
+
+(Continuation of Story from page 24.)
+
+
+ON a subsequent occasion our honest anglers repeated their visit to Mr.
+Jenkins, who, with the view of making himself more agreeable to his
+guests, had, in the meantime, agreed to pay an annual rent to the
+miller, for the exclusive right of fishing in some water belonging to
+the mill, which was said to contain the largest fish in the river.
+
+Now, this miller had a son, who, whilst he followed his father's daily
+occupation of preparing matter for the _loaves_, sometimes thought of
+the _fishes_ too; and he was better known in the neighbourhood for his
+great skill in fishing, than for any unusual acquaintance with the
+mysteries of grinding. He had frequently used much argument and entreaty
+to dissuade his father from letting the fishery; but the prudent old
+miller thought that £15 per annum, to be paid by Mr. Jenkins, would be
+more profitable to him, than any pleasure which his son might derive
+from catching many fine brace of trout during the season.
+
+[Illustration: "He now sallied forth, not 'equal to both,' but 'armed
+for either field.'"
+
+To face page 43.]
+
+Such was the state of affairs in this part of the world, when Mr.
+Jackson and Mr. Thompson arrived early one morning, by special
+invitation, to make a first trial of their skill in the new water. The
+usual conversation about the state of the weather was quickly despatched
+at breakfast. The wind was, for once, pronounced to be in the right
+quarter. It was unanimously agreed that there could not well be a more
+favourable day for fishing, and that, therefore, the gentlemen ought to
+lose no time in going down to the river. Our old friend, Thompson, who,
+as we have already seen, was not always very successful with a fly, had
+lately, in order that he might have two strings to his bow[A], been
+learning another branch of the gentle art, called "Spinning a minnow;"
+and he now sallied forth, not "equal to both," but "armed for either
+field," and walked with a confident step to a celebrated spot below the
+mill. This new acquirement had been kept a profound secret from Jackson,
+who went out, as usual, fly-fishing, and proceeded to a part of the
+stream above the mill.
+
+It was not to be expected that the young miller would work cheerfully at
+the mill that morning. He felt that, although he had been cruelly
+deprived of the fishery by his father, he surely had a right to _look_
+at the gentlemen if he pleased; he therefore put on his dusty hat and
+walked, in a surly mood, to the river side,--taking with him, as the
+companion of his sorrows, a ragged little boy, who had often witnessed
+his exploits with envy and admiration, and occasionally imitated his
+great example in a very humble manner by fishing for gudgeons in the
+canal.
+
+The youth and the boy found Thompson so busily engaged in arranging his
+new spinning-tackle, that he did not perceive that they had established
+themselves within a few yards of him. There he stood upon the bank,
+deeply impressed with the value of some excellent instructions which he
+had lately received for his guidance, and fully sensible of the vast
+superiority over Jackson which he now possessed. Having at last settled
+every preliminary to his entire satisfaction, he was just about to cast
+in his minnow for the first time, when the miller attracted Thompson's
+notice by that peculiar sort of short cough which is a relief to
+suppressed insolence, and acts as a safety-valve to prevent explosion.
+
+Poor Thompson! He did not feel quite qualified for a performance of the
+kind before a critic so well able to judge, and so little disposed to
+admire; but he considered that it would be _infra dig._ to appear
+disconcerted by the young miller's presence,--so he assumed a look of
+defiance, and manfully commenced operations.
+
+After one or two bad throws, and sundry awkward attempts at improvement,
+a fine trout (_mirabile dictu!_) darted from under the bank and seized
+his minnow. "Who cares for the miller now?" thought Thompson; but, alas!
+the happy thought passed through his mind--
+
+        "Too like the lightning, which doth cease to be
+         Ere one can say--It lightens."
+
+He unfortunately (vide Maxim IX.) held the fish a little too hard
+against the stream, and pulled him so very triumphantly, that the
+thrilling sensation of tugging pressure on the rod suddenly ceased, and
+the hookless end of the broken line flew into the air!!
+
+At this awful crisis the young miller's cough became very troublesome,
+and the boy coolly called out to him--
+
+"_I say, Jack!--I'll lay a penny that wouldn't ha' happened if you had
+had hold on 'im!!!_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Long before Thompson had recovered from the effects of this sad
+disaster, Jenkins came up to him to announce that luncheon was ready.
+Overwhelming our poor sufferer with a torrent of well-meant condolence,
+he said--
+
+"Well, Thompson!
+
+"What! no sport?
+
+"That _is_ unlucky!
+
+"I am very anxious that _you_ should catch a good fish. _Jackson_ has
+just caught a brace of very fine ones!
+
+"This is exactly the spot where I expected that you would have the best
+sport!
+
+[Illustration: "I'll lay a penny that wouldn't ha' happened if _you_ had
+hold on 'im!!"
+
+To face page 46.]
+
+"The miller tells me that the largest fish lie there[B], near that
+broken post under the opposite bank. Pray cast your minnow close to
+that, and you will be sure to run a fish almost immediately."
+
+Jenkins little knew what he was asking. The aforesaid post was at a
+formidable distance,--it could only be reached by a most skilful hand.
+Thompson felt by no means disposed to attempt it, because, although
+Jenkins appeared to think that it would be an easy task for so finished
+an angler as Thompson, he himself had no doubt that the odious miller,
+who was still looking on, was of a very different opinion. He therefore
+thought that it would be wise to leave the question undetermined, and
+not to give a _casting_ vote on the occasion.
+
+And now Thompson, turning his back on the river, walked home arm-in-arm
+with his friend Mr. Jenkins, grieving much about the fish which he had
+lost, and perhaps a little about those which Jackson had caught.
+
+The brace of very fine trout, said to have been caught by Mr. Jackson,
+were exhibited by him in due form to Mr. Thompson and the ladies, just
+before luncheon. Whilst he was pointing out the beautiful condition of
+the fish, without at all underrating their weight, Miss Smith, who was
+staying on a visit with her sister, Mrs. Jenkins, pleasantly remarked
+that Mr. Jackson was very _lucky_ to have caught two such fine fish
+whilst Mr. Thompson had not caught any. This led to an interesting
+conversation about the caprice of the fickle goddess, so often alluded
+to in the lamentations of an unsuccessful angler. Thompson took no part
+in the discussion, and he did not refer them to the miller or the little
+boy for any other explanation[C] of the cause of his failure; but he
+begged that they would allow him to eat his luncheon, without waiting
+for the rest of the party, as he was anxious to return as soon as
+possible to the river, where he expected to have great sport in the
+evening.
+
+[Illustration: _Geo. Jones, Esq. R.A._
+
+"He begged that they would allow him to eat his luncheon without waiting
+for the rest of the party."
+
+To face page 49.]
+
+After luncheon, our unfortunate hero did not catch any fish, and he
+found that he could not throw his minnow within several yards of the
+far-famed post, even when he was not annoyed by spectators. He
+contrived, however, to get fast hold of another, at a much less distance
+from him; in consequence of which, he was obliged to abandon a second
+set of his best minnow tackle (price 2_s._ 6_d._) to its fate in the
+middle of the river.
+
+[Illustration: "His ears were assailed by a loud repetition of the cruel
+cough."
+
+To face page 51.]
+
+At the end of _his day's sport_, Thompson omitted to use the wise
+precaution of taking his rod to pieces[D], before leaving the river
+side. On his way homewards, in the evening, he met the little boy, who
+slily asked him if he had had good sport _since_. This brought to his
+recollection the fact of his having to pass through the mill, in order
+to cross the river; and the prospect of his being asked a similar
+question by the miller was not agreeable. When he arrived at the mill,
+all was quiet; and he, therefore, flattered himself that the miller was
+comfortably enjoying his pipe at the ale-house.--Thompson was now so
+elated at the idea of passing through unobserved, that he quite forgot
+the exalted state of his rod, until he was reminded of it by a sudden
+jerk which broke off the top, leaving his third and last set of tackle,
+with a brilliant artificial minnow, sticking fast in a projecting
+rafter[E] above his reach. Hastily shoving the broken joint (Thompson
+never swears) into the butt of his rod, he hoped that he should be able
+to conceal all knowledge of this last misfortune. He, however, felt very
+unwilling that the shining little minnow should remain in its present
+position, as a glaring proof of his awkwardness; and it immediately
+occurred to him, that a small ladder, which was close at hand, was a
+thing exactly suited to the occasion; but at the very moment when he
+became convinced, by actual experiment, that it was too short for his
+purpose, his ears were assailed by a loud repetition of the cruel cough,
+and his eyes were met by a killing glance from those of the miller's
+son.
+
+On the following day, Thompson returned, much out of spirits, to
+London. On that day, too, the young miller resumed his duties at the
+mill, less out of humour than before. Very shortly after this the old
+miller died, and the son then took the fishery into his own hands; and,
+however closely he may now resemble his late grandfather (who formerly
+lived on the River Dee), in caring for nobody, he never, whilst Thompson
+lives, will be able to say "Nobody cares for me."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"So ends my Tale:" for I fear that the reader must think that, like
+Thompson, he has now had quite enough of "THE MISERIES OF FISHING." I
+feel, however, assured that he will forgive me for relating this story,
+because, although his attention may be fatigued by the perusal of it,
+his eye will be gratified by the beauty of several new illustrations,
+which I owe to the kindness of my friends, the distinguished artists,
+whose names are printed under their welcome contributions to my little
+book.
+
+                                                            R. P.
+
+  _Whitehall,
+    March, 1839._
+
+[Illustration: _Sir Francis Chantrey, R.A._]
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] It was a long one, when he talked about fishing.
+
+[B] There the fish did not _lie_, but the miller did. He well knew that,
+since the letting of the fishery, his son had taken good care that the
+best of them should be gradually removed to Billingsgate by a more
+summary process than that of rod and line.
+
+[C] Neither did Mr. Jackson think it necessary to explain to the ladies,
+or even to his friend Thompson, that the very fine fish, about which he
+had received so many compliments, had been taken by fixing his
+landing-net at the mouth of one of the narrow water-courses, up which
+they had worked their way in search of minnows;--a secret method of
+ensuring good sport, well known to some few very cunning anglers, whose
+motto is
+
+        "Unde habeas quĉrit Nemo, sed oportet habere."--JUV.
+
+
+[D] I understand that Thompson has written a long letter, complaining of
+my not having given any maxim or hint on this important point. I beg
+leave here to apologise for the omission; and I have no hesitation in
+advising him, if he should ever put his rod together again, not to omit
+taking it to pieces as soon as he has done fishing.
+
+[E] Piscium et summâ genus hĉsit ulmo.--HOR.
+
+
+
+
+MAXIMS AND HINTS
+
+FOR A
+
+CHESS PLAYER.
+
+"_Lorsque je veux, sans y faire semblant, me livrer aux méditations
+d'une douce philosophie, je vais à la pêche. Ma longue expérience me
+tient en garde contre les inconveniens d'une mauvaise pratique; et je
+jouis de mon succès, qu'aucun jaloux ne vient troubler. Ma pêche finie,
+eh bien! je rentre dans le mouvement de la vie, je fais ma partie
+d'échecs; je triomphe, mon sang circule; je suis battu, mais je me
+releve._"--TACTIQUE DES RECREATIONS.
+
+
+
+
+MAXIMS AND HINTS
+
+FOR A
+
+CHESS PLAYER.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+I.
+
+WIN as often as you can, but never make any display of insulting joy on
+the occasion. When you cannot win--lose (though you may not like it)
+with good temper.
+
+
+II.
+
+If your adversary, after you have won a game, wishes to prove that you
+have done so in consequence of some fault of his rather than by your own
+good play, you need not enter into much argument on the subject, whilst
+he is explaining to the by-standers the mode by which he might have won
+the game, _but did not_.
+
+
+III.
+
+Nor need you make yourself uneasy if your adversary should console
+himself by pointing out a mode by which you might have won the game in a
+shorter and more masterly manner. Listen patiently to his
+explanation--it cannot prove that your way was not good enough. _Tous
+les chemins sont bons qui ménent à la victoire._
+
+
+IV.
+
+When you are playing with an opponent whom you feel sure that you can
+master, do not insult him by saying that you consider him a stronger
+player than yourself,--but that perhaps particular circumstances may
+prevent him from playing with his usual force to-day, &c. &c. Men
+usually play as well as they can: they are glad when they win, and sorry
+when they lose.
+
+
+V.
+
+Sometimes--when, alas! you have lost the game--an unmerciful conqueror
+will insist on "murdering Pizarro all over again," and glories in
+explaining how that your game was irretrievable after you had given a
+certain injudicious check with the queen,[F] (the consequence of which
+_he says_ that he immediately foresaw,) and that then, by a succession
+of very good moves on his part, he won easily. You must bear all this as
+well as you can, although it is certainly not fair to "preach'ee and
+flog'ee too."
+
+
+VI.
+
+A good player seldom complains that another is slow. He is glad to have
+the opportunity thus afforded to him of attentively considering the
+state of the game. Do not, therefore, be impatient when it is your
+adversary's turn to move. Take as much time as you require (_and no
+more_) when it is your own turn.
+
+
+VII.
+
+If, whilst you are playing, your adversary will talk about the state of
+the game, it is very provoking, but you cannot help it, and the pieces
+will give you ample revenge, if you can avail yourself of their power.
+
+
+VIII.
+
+If the by-standers talk, it is still more annoying: they always claim
+the merit of having foreseen every good move which is made, and they
+sometimes express great surprise at your not making a particular move;
+which, if you had made it, would probably have led to your speedily
+losing the game--before which time they would have walked away to
+another table.
+
+
+IX.
+
+Almost every moderate player thinks himself fully qualified to criticise
+the move by which a game has been lost.--Although, if he had himself
+been in the loser's place, he would, very probably, have been
+check-mated twenty moves sooner than the opportunity occurred for
+committing the particular mistake, which he thinks he should have
+avoided.
+
+
+X.
+
+Amongst good players, it is considered to be as much an indispensable
+condition of the game, that a piece once touched must be moved, as that
+the queen is not allowed to have the knight's, or a rook the bishop's
+move.
+
+
+XI.
+
+Some persons, when they are playing with a stranger who entreats to be
+allowed to take back a move, let him do so the first time: then, almost
+immediately afterwards, they put their own queen _en prise_; and when
+the mistake is politely pointed out to them, they say that _they_ never
+take back a move, but that they are ready to begin another game.
+
+
+XII.
+
+Do not be alarmed about the state of your adversary's health, when,
+after losing two or three games, he complains of having a bad head-ache,
+or of feeling very unwell. If he should win the next game, you will
+probably hear no more of this.
+
+
+XIII.
+
+Never (if you can avoid it) lose a game to a person who rarely wins when
+he plays with you. If you do so, you may afterwards find that this one
+game has been talked of to all his friends, although he may have
+forgotten to mention ninety-nine others which had a different result.
+Chess players have a very retentive memory with regard to the games
+which they win.
+
+
+XIV.
+
+If, therefore, any one should tell you that on a certain day last week
+he won a game from one of your friends, it may be as well to ask how
+many other games were played on the same day.
+
+
+XV.
+
+There is no better way of deciding on the comparative skill of two
+players than by the result of a number of games. Be satisfied with that
+result, and do not attempt to reason upon it.
+
+
+XVI.
+
+Remember the Italian proverb, "Never make a good move without first
+looking out for a better." Even if your adversary should leave his
+queen _en prise_, do not snap hastily at it. The queen is a good thing
+to win, but the game is a better.
+
+
+XVII.
+
+Between even, and tolerably good, players a mere trifle frequently
+decides the event of a game; but when you have gained a small advantage,
+you must be satisfied with it for the time. Do not, by attempting too
+much, lose that which you have gained. Your object should be to win the
+game, and the dullest way of winning is better for you than the most
+brilliant of losing.
+
+
+XVIII.
+
+If your knowledge of "the books" enables you to see that a person, with
+whom you are playing for the first time, opens his game badly, do not
+suppose, as a matter of course, that you are going to check-mate him in
+ten or twelve moves. Many moves called _very bad_ are only such if well
+opposed; and you can derive but little advantage from them unless you
+are well acquainted with the system of crowding your adversary,--one of
+the most difficult parts of the game.
+
+
+XIX.
+
+Some players have by study acquired mechanically the art of opening
+their game in a style much above their real force; but when they have
+exhausted their store of _book-knowledge_, they soon fall all to pieces,
+and become an easy prey to those who have genuine talent for the game.
+Others do not know how to open their game on scientific principles, and
+yet, if they can stagger through the beginning without decided loss,
+fight most nobly when there are but few pieces and pawns left on the
+board. All these varieties of play must be carefully studied by those
+who wish to win. It is only talent for the game, combined with much
+study and great practice, which can make a truly good player.
+
+
+XX.
+
+Although no degree of instruction derived from "books" will make a good
+player, without much practice with all sorts of opponents, yet, on the
+other hand, when you hear a person, who has had great practice, boast of
+never having looked into a chess-book, you may be sure either that he is
+a bad player, or that he is not nearly so good a player as he might
+become by attentively studying the laborious works which have been
+published on almost every conceivable opening, by such players as Ercole
+del Rio, Ponziani, Philidor, Sarratt, and Lewis.
+
+
+XXI.
+
+Between fine players, small odds (viz. pawn, with one, or with two
+moves) are of great consequence. Between inferior players they are of
+none. The value of these odds consists chiefly in position; and in every
+long game between weak players, such an advantage is gained and lost
+several times, without either party being aware of it.
+
+
+XXII.
+
+Almost all good players (_and some others_) have a much higher opinion
+of their own strength than it really deserves. One person feels sure
+that he is a better player than some particular opponent, although he
+cannot but confess that, for some unaccountable reason, or other, he
+does not always win a majority of games from him. Another attributes his
+failure solely to want of attention to details which he considers hardly
+to involve any real genius for the game; and he is obliged to content
+himself with boasting of having certainly, at one time, had much the
+best of a game, which he afterwards lost, _only by a mistake_. A third
+thinks that he must be a good player, because he has discovered almost
+all the many difficult check-mates which have been published as
+problems. He may be able to do this, and yet be unable to play a whole
+game well, it being much more easy to find out, at your leisure, the way
+to do that which you are told beforehand is practicable, than to decide,
+in actual play, whether, or not, it is prudent to make the attempt.
+
+
+XXIII.
+
+A theoretical amateur, with much real genius for the game, is often
+beaten by a fourth-rate player at a chess club, who has become from
+constant practice thoroughly acquainted with all the technicalities of
+it, and quietly builds up a wall for the other to run his head against.
+The loser in this case may _perhaps_ eventually become the better player
+of the two; but he is not so at present.
+
+
+XXIV.
+
+A person sometimes tells you that he played the other day, for the first
+time, with Mr. Such-a-one, (a very celebrated player,) who won the game,
+with great difficulty, after a very hard fight. Your friend probably
+deceives himself greatly in supposing this to be the case. A player who
+has a reputation to lose, always plays very cautiously against a person
+whose strength he does not yet know: he runs no risks, and does not
+attempt to do more than win the game, which is all that he undertook to
+do.
+
+
+XXV.
+
+When you receive the odds of a piece from a better player than yourself,
+remember he sees everything which you see, and probably much more. Be
+very careful how you attack him. You must act in the early part of the
+game entirely on the defensive, or probably you will not live long
+enough to enjoy the advantage which has been given you. Even though you
+may still have the advantage of a piece more, when the game is far
+advanced, you must not feel too sure of victory. Take all his pawns
+quietly, _if you can_, and see your way clearly before you attempt to
+check-mate him. You will thus perhaps be longer about it, but winning is
+very agreeable work.
+
+
+XXVI.
+
+Many persons advise you, when you receive the odds of a rook, _always_
+to make exchanges as often as you can, in order to maintain the
+numerical superiority with which you began. This is very cunning; but
+you will probably find that "_Master is Yorkshire too_," and that he
+will not allow you to make exchanges early in the game, except under
+circumstances which lead you into a ruinous inferiority of position.
+
+
+XXVII.
+
+You will never improve by playing only with players of your own
+strength. In order to play well, you must toil through the humiliating
+task of being frequently beaten by those who can give you odds. These
+odds, when you have fairly mastered them, may be gradually diminished as
+your strength increases. Do not, however, deceive yourself by imagining,
+that if you cannot win from one of the _great players_ when he gives you
+the odds of a rook, you would stand a better chance with the odds of a
+knight. This is a very common error. It is true that, when a knight is
+given, the attack made upon you is not so sudden and so violent, as it
+usually is when you receive a rook--but your ultimate defeat is much
+more certain. If, in the one case, you are quickly killed, in the other
+you will die in lingering torments.
+
+
+XXVIII.
+
+When you hear of a man from the country, who has beaten every body whom
+he has ever played with, do not suppose, as a matter of course, that he
+is a truly good player. He may be only a "Triton of the Minnows." All
+his fame depends upon the skill of the parties with whom he has hitherto
+contended; and provincial Philidors seldom prove to be very good
+players, when their strength is fairly measured at the London Chess
+Club, particularly such of them as come there with the reputation of
+having never been beaten.
+
+
+XXIX.
+
+An elderly gentleman, lately returned from India, is apt to suppose that
+his skill has been much impaired by the change of climate, or some other
+cause, when he finds, to his great surprise, that his style of play does
+not produce such an alarming effect in the Chess Clubs of London or
+Paris, as it used to do at Rumbarabad.
+
+
+XXX.
+
+When you can decidedly win, at the odds of a rook given by a first-rate
+player, you will rank among the chosen few. It would be very difficult
+to name twenty-five persons in London to whom Mr. Lewis could not fairly
+give these odds, although there are many hundreds who would be much
+offended at its being supposed to be possible that any one could give
+them a knight.
+
+
+XXXI.
+
+A first-rate player, who is to give large odds to a stranger, derives
+great advantage from seeing him first play a game, or two, with other
+persons. His style of play is thus shown, and the class of risks which
+may be ventured on is nicely calculated. That which, before, might have
+been difficult, thus becomes comparatively easy.
+
+
+XXXII.
+
+There is as much difference between playing a game well, by
+correspondence, and playing one well over the board, as there is between
+writing a good essay, and making a good speech.
+
+
+XXXIII.
+
+No advantages of person and voice will enable a man to become a good
+orator if he does not understand the grammatical construction of the
+language in which he speaks: nor will the highest degree of ingenuity
+make any man a good chess player, unless his preparations for the
+exercise of that ingenuity are made upon the soundest principles of the
+game.
+
+
+XXXIV.
+
+Every game perfectly played throughout on both sides would be by its
+nature drawn. Since, then, in matches between the most celebrated
+players and clubs of the day some of the games have been won and lost,
+it seems to follow that there _might_ be better players than have been
+hitherto known to exist.
+
+
+XXXV.
+
+Most of the persons who occasionally "play at Chess" know little more
+than the moves and a few of the general rules of the game. Of those who
+have had more practice, some have acquired a partial insight into the
+endless variety of the combinations which may be formed, and their
+beautiful intricacy:--a few play moderately well; but, however small the
+number of good players may be, it would be difficult to find any one
+who, after having played a few hundred games, would not think it an
+imputation on his good sense to be considered a very bad player;--and
+this is the universal feeling, although it is well known that men of the
+highest attainments have studied Chess without great success; and that
+the most celebrated players have not always been men of distinguished
+talents.
+
+
+XXXVI.
+
+He who after much practice with fine players remains for a long time
+without taking his station amongst them, will find at last that there is
+a point which he cannot pass. He is obliged to confess his incurable
+inferiority to players of the higher order, and he must be content with
+easy victories over a large majority of those whom he meets with in
+society.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+CONCLUSION.
+
+Chess holds forth to the philosopher relaxation from his severer
+studies,--to the disappointed man, relief from unavailing regret,--and
+to the rich and idle, an inexhaustible source of amusement and
+occupation. It has, however, been frequently urged as an objection to
+the study of the game, that no man can pursue it, with a fair prospect
+of becoming a good player, without devoting to it much time and
+attention which might be more beneficially employed.
+
+Although it may perhaps be true in the abstract, that even a high degree
+of skill is not _per se_ worth the time and trouble which it must have
+cost, it should be remembered that on this "mimic stage" of life much
+besides chess may be seen and studied with advantage. The real character
+of a man's mind may, almost always, be known by his behaviour under the
+varying circumstances of this most interesting game. The triumph of the
+winner, and the vexation of the loser, are often coarsely displayed
+amongst inferior players; and, although good players very rarely give
+way to this degrading weakness, still, the good breeding of some of
+them, towards the end of a difficult match, is not always quite perfect.
+
+The temper of the student cannot fail to derive very material benefit
+from the severe discipline to which it will be subjected. When he begins
+to play well he will find that he has learnt to submit patiently to
+contradiction; and that he has become convinced of the necessity of
+abandoning his most favourite schemes, whenever he sees that from a
+change of circumstances they can be no longer pursued with safety.--He
+will have felt the full value of using caution and circumspection, when
+called upon to exercise his judgment in cases of complicated difficulty,
+and he will have acquired the faculty of fixing his undivided attention
+on the business in which he is engaged.
+
+If such qualities of the mind are called forth and strengthened in the
+pursuit of a harmless and delightful recreation, the time cannot have
+been wholly wasted, although the professed object of study may have been
+only the art of giving CHECK-MATE.
+
+                                                            R. P.
+
+  _Whitehall, March, 1839._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+FOOTNOTE:
+
+[F] _Infandum Regina jubes renovare dolorem._
+
+
+
+
+MAXIMS AND HINTS
+
+ON
+
+SHOOTING
+
+AND
+
+OTHER MATTERS.
+
+[Illustration: Drawn by the late Sir FRANCIS CHANTREY, R.A.]
+
+
+
+
+MAXIMS AND HINTS
+
+ON
+
+SHOOTING,
+
+_&c. &c._
+
+
+I.
+
+LET the person to whose care a young dog is intrusted for education be
+furnished with an instrument like a short trumpet, which produces a few
+harsh and discordant notes; and whenever it may be necessary to correct
+the dog, in order to enforce obedience, let such correction be
+accompanied by the noise of this instrument rather than by "the
+thundering voice and threatening mien" usually employed on such
+occasions. When the dog's education has been properly completed under
+this system, although you may be comparatively a stranger to him on
+first taking him into the field, you will find that by carrying with
+you a duplicate of the _un_musical instrument you will have his master's
+voice in your pocket, and you will be able at once to make a very
+commanding impression upon him, by sounding a few of the harsh and
+discordant tones which he has been taught to fear and obey.
+
+
+II.
+
+You must not insist upon its being admitted without dispute, that the
+man who made _your_ gun is the best maker in London. This town is a very
+large place, and it contains a great many gunmakers. You must also
+remember that it "stands within the prospect of belief" that there may
+be other persons who think themselves as competent to select a good gun,
+and to shoot well with it afterwards as you are.
+
+
+III.
+
+In like manner, although you may prefer using one kind of wadding to
+another, or may perhaps like to wear shoes and gaiters rather than
+trousers and laced boots, you must not suppose that every man who takes
+the liberty of forming a different opinion from yours on these subjects
+is a mere bungler.
+
+
+IV.
+
+However steady your pointer may be, remember that he is but a dog. If
+you encourage him to run after one hare because it has been wounded by
+yourself, you must not be angry with him for chasing another which may
+be shot at by your friend. Canine flesh and blood cannot bear this.
+
+
+V.
+
+Although you may be a very agreeable gentleman, generally speaking, you
+will choose an unlucky moment for making yourself particularly so, if
+you should on some fine morning after breakfast volunteer to accompany
+two of your friends who are preparing to leave the house for a day's
+partridge-shooting without any expectation of being joined by a third
+person.
+
+
+VI.
+
+When you are obliged to walk on the left-hand side of a man who carries
+the muzzle of his gun too low, do not be so very polite as to take no
+notice of this dangerous habit. He will, perhaps, appear quite offended
+when you venture to question your perfect safety. But be that as it may,
+your position was so awfully unpleasant whilst you were constantly
+stared at by the eyes of a double-barrelled gun that your friend's
+looking rather cross at you is a matter of much less consequence.
+
+
+VII.
+
+When a long search amongst high turnips has been made, at your
+particular request, for a bird which you erroneously suppose that you
+have brought down, and which (naturally enough under such circumstances)
+cannot be found, you must not say that your friend's retriever has a
+very bad nose, or fancy that "poor old Trigger, if he had been still
+alive, could have easily found the bird."
+
+
+VIII.
+
+Should a farmer's boy come running to you with a partridge which he has
+lately picked up after seeing it fall in the next field, your companion
+in arms will perhaps assure you that this bird can be no other than that
+which _he_ shot at, as you may remember, immediately after you had both
+of you passed through the last hedge, and which he afterwards saw flying
+very low, and very badly wounded, exactly in the direction which the boy
+has come from. An _enfant trouvé_ like this seldom waits long for a
+father to adopt it.
+
+
+IX.
+
+Sometimes towards the end of a fatiguing day, when you feel like an
+overloaded gun-brig, labouring against a heavy sea of turnips, you may
+perchance espy a large covey of partridges in the act of settling near a
+hedge a long way before you. Supposing in such case that your brother
+sportsman should be a much younger man than yourself, and yet should not
+have also seen these birds, it is not always quite prudent that you
+should announce the fact to him immediately. If you wish to have a shot
+at them, you would, perhaps, do well to say nothing about them till your
+weary limbs have borne you unhurried a little nearer to the hedge in
+question. The good old rule of _seniores priores_ is sometimes reversed
+in a large turnip-field.
+
+
+X.
+
+In the case of a double shot a gamekeeper never hesitates an instant in
+deciding whether the bird was killed by his master's gun or by another
+person's, fired at the same moment.
+
+
+XI.
+
+When you are making your way through a thick wood with too large a
+party, it is better that you should be scolded by some of your friends
+because you trouble them with very frequent notice of your individual
+locality, than that you should be shot by any of them because you do
+not.
+
+
+XII.
+
+On the day of a great battue, if one of the party (not you) should shoot
+much better than the others, and if this should by chance be talked of
+after dinner (as such matters sometimes are), do not say much about the
+very large number of hares and pheasants killed by you--on some other
+occasion.
+
+
+XIII.
+
+When you are shooting in a wood, if some hungry fox, in pursuit of his
+prey, should chance to cross your path, it depends entirely upon the
+"custom of the country" whether you ought to kill him or not. Bob Short
+says, in his Rules for Whist, "When in doubt, win the trick."
+
+
+XIV.
+
+Never ask beforehand whether or not you are to shoot hares in the cover
+into which you are going, but never shoot one after you have been told
+not to do so.
+
+
+XV.
+
+A singular species of optical delusion often takes place in the case of
+a man shooting at a woodcock in a thick cover. According to the
+impression said to be made upon the shooter's eye, the bird appears to
+fall dead more frequently than he can afterwards be found--so that the
+truth of this appearance must never be relied on when the evidence of
+the bird himself cannot be brought forward to support it.
+
+
+XVI.
+
+On a grand occasion you need not always trouble yourself to keep an
+account of the number of head killed by you, particularly if you do not
+dine with the party on that day; because, in your absence, the total
+number brought home may perhaps be accounted for after dinner, without
+any reference being made to the amount of your[G] performances.
+
+
+XVII.
+
+When you sit down (_horresco referens_) in a dentist's chair,[H] in
+order to have your teeth cleaned, and point out to him, with fear and
+trembling, one of them which you think must be drawn;--if he should tell
+you that the tooth can be easily stopped, and may still be of much
+service to you, do not immediately thereupon feel quite bold and very
+comfortable. After a moment's further inspection he may, perhaps, add
+very quietly, in a kind of whispering soliloquy, "Here are two others
+which must be removed."
+
+
+XVIII.
+
+If you should stop, with a tired horse, at the door of the "King's Head"
+anywhere, and should say to the bowing landlord thereof, that, unless
+you can find some other means of pursuing your journey, you shall be
+obliged to have a chaise immediately, you must not expect to be told by
+him that a very good coach, which is going your way, will change horses
+at the "Red Lion," nearly opposite, in less than ten minutes. Should
+this be the real state of the case, he will feel that he has no time to
+lose; and therefore, instantly seizing the handle of the hostler's bell,
+and ringing a louder peal than usual, he will at once show you into a
+back parlour, for fear that you should see the coach before a chaise can
+be got ready for you.
+
+
+XIX.
+
+Should it have been your fate to travel often, _more majorum_, on the
+box of a stage-coach, more than one coachman has probably told you a
+story, two miles long, about some mare so vicious and unmanageable that
+she had been rejected by every other coachman on the road, and that
+nobody but himself had ever been able to drive her, saying at the same
+time, "She is now, as you see, Sir, as quiet as a lamb." You must not
+believe all this, although it may perhaps be very true that the mare
+kicks sometimes, and that the man is not a bad coachman.
+
+
+XX.
+
+Although our friend the coachman is supposed to have been so very
+communicative to you on the last occasion, he may not perhaps be equally
+so on all others: for instance, if, when the roads are very bad, and the
+coach is heavily laden, he should, near the end of a difficult stage,
+pull up at some turnpike, and enter into a long talk apparently about a
+bad shilling or a lost parcel, he is very likely not to explain to you
+and the other passengers that his real reason for thus stopping is
+because his horses are so much distressed that they would otherwise be
+scarcely able to reach the end of their ground. The conference at the
+gate is held in order to facilitate the ratification of the treaty for
+fresh horses to be exchanged in the next town.
+
+
+XXI.
+
+On arriving at the place where "the coach dines," walk to the nearest
+baker's shop, and there satisfy your hunger in a wholesome manner. At
+the dinner which is prepared for the passengers it frequently happens
+that if there should have been any cock-fighting in the town lately,[I]
+the winner and the loser of the last battle appear at the top of the
+table as a couple of boiled fowls; and whenever there is a roast goose
+at the bottom, it is probably some old gander, who, after having lived
+for many years in the parish, is at last become so poor that he is
+obliged to be "taken into the house."
+
+
+XXII.
+
+If you have children, who are clever, do not question them too closely
+in company. Supposing, for example, that at the close of a social meal
+in the country, you should be sitting at table with your guests, on the
+eve of their departure from your hospitable roof: if, under these
+circumstances, some nice little fellow, who has lately rushed into the
+room, and is now busily employed with a bunch of grapes, should be
+called upon by you to join in the general expression of regret that your
+friends are to leave you to-morrow, he may perhaps say, "Yes, papa, we
+shall have no grapes after dinner to-morrow."
+
+
+XXIII.
+
+If you are thought to excel in any particular game or sport, do not too
+often lead to it as a subject of conversation: your superiority, if
+real, will be duly felt by all your acquaintance, and acknowledged by
+some of them; and you may be sure that "a word" in your favour from
+another person will add more to your reputation than "a whole history"
+from yourself.
+
+
+XXIV.
+
+On seeing a new invention for the first time, do not instantly suggest a
+material alteration of it, as if you felt quite sure that this sudden
+thought of yours must be a very clever one. It may be reasonably
+supposed that the inventor did not hastily build up his work in its
+present form; and it would, therefore, be very unkind that you should
+bring the whole broadside of your intellectual guns to bear upon it in a
+moment. Besides, after all, it is just possible that the thing may be
+better as it is--without your improvement.
+
+
+XXV.
+
+The great merit of an important discovery frequently consists in the
+first application of some well-known principle of action to a class of
+objects to which it had not before been applied. When such discovery has
+been brought before the public in one instance, the application of the
+same principle to other nearly similar objects requires a much lower
+degree of inventive talent. A sub-inventor of this sort often views the
+result of his labour with all the pride of a mother, when he is only
+entitled to the praise due to an accoucheur.
+
+
+XXVI.
+
+When your friends congratulate you on your recovery from the effects of
+a serious accident, it is very proper that you should thank them
+sincerely for their kindness in so doing: but it is by no means
+necessary that you should give a very detailed description of all your
+sufferings, and of every symptom attending the gradual progress of your
+recovery; nor need you explain exactly what was at first said by Mr.
+Drugger, the apothecary, and what was afterwards the opinion of Sir
+Astley Cooper. You had better not do this; although some persons think
+that what the nurse occasionally said ought not, in a case like theirs,
+to be omitted.
+
+
+XXVII.
+
+On the same principle, if you should have lately been robbed, and should
+feel disposed to communicate the particulars of this sad affair, you
+really must not begin your account of it by telling us every thing which
+you were dreaming about just before you first heard the noise of thieves
+in your house on the eventful night of the robbery, adding always in
+conclusion, by way of appendix to your copious narrative, a correct list
+of the articles stolen. If you do this too often, you must not be
+surprised if some of your hearers should at last be almost tempted to
+regret that when you were robbed you were not murdered also.
+
+
+XXVIII.
+
+If it should be mentioned in conversation that a celebrated mare,
+belonging to Mr. Swindle, of Newmarket, has lately trotted sixteen miles
+within the hour, in harness, do not think it necessary to recount the
+wonderful performances of a famous gig-horse which you once had.
+
+
+XXIX.
+
+After having lost several games at billiards, when you are playing at a
+gentleman's house, it is not polite that you should attribute your
+failure to the inaccuracies of the table. These sundry defects of level
+are less likely to be complained of by the winner than by you; and he,
+therefore, stands less in need of this caution than you do.
+
+
+XXX.
+
+When the lord of the manor is showing the beauties of his house and
+grounds to you, and points out a very fine row of trees for your
+particular admiration, make no allusion to the magnificence of the
+avenue at Wimpole; and if he should afterwards show to you one of his
+pictures, which he values highly as the work of some celebrated master,
+remember that, although you may have been told privately, by a good
+authority, that the picture is not really what your friend supposes it
+to be, you are not called upon to display your borrowed knowledge as
+your own, and to make yourself odious by endeavouring to convince him
+that he has been deceived in the purchase.
+
+
+XXXI.
+
+Do not bestow extravagant praise upon every article lately bought by
+you, as if you considered that it had acquired increased value from
+having fallen into the hands of so distinguished a purchaser. Other
+persons will estimate the worth of it rather by its own merits than by
+yours.
+
+
+XXXII.
+
+It is quite unnecessary that you should always, in order to show the
+extent of your reading, claim a previous acquaintance with every
+expression which may be referred to in conversation as having been used
+by some celebrated author in one of his works. It is much easier for
+another person to quote lines which never were written than it would be
+for you to find them.[J]
+
+
+XXXIII.
+
+Do not consider it to be at all times your bounden duty to correct every
+mistake which may be made in your presence as to a name or an
+unimportant date. Some persons are so extremely sensitive on these
+points that they never allow the offender to escape a summary
+conviction. However interesting the conversation may be, they always
+feel justified in interrupting it if they can show that the anecdote
+which they have cut short related to the late General A., and not to his
+brother the admiral.
+
+
+XXXIV.
+
+If one of your party should be prevailed upon to sing a comic song for
+the amusement of the company, he will of course do it as well as he can,
+and it would not be flattering to him that you should immediately
+afterwards talk about the great pleasure which you formerly derived from
+hearing the same song sung by Mathews, or Bannister.
+
+
+XXXV.
+
+Beware of the amiable weakness of repeatedly telling long stories about
+your late father or uncle. They may have been excellent persons, and
+their memory may be deservedly respected by you; but it does not
+therefore necessarily follow that a full account of everything which was
+said or done by either of these worthy men on some trivial occasion
+should be very interesting to other people, not even to such of your
+friends as may be lucky enough not to have heard it before.
+
+
+XXXVI.
+
+If you should have lately suffered any great reduction of income from
+causes over which you had no control, it is better that you should bear
+your misfortunes quietly than that you should be very extensively
+communicative to your acquaintance on the subject of your grievances.
+If, for instance, you tell them in confidence that you now have only
+600_l._ a-year to live upon, such of them as have but 500_l._ will
+perhaps think that you still have at least 100_l._ more than you ought
+to have.
+
+
+XXXVII.
+
+Do not think yourself an accomplished traveller merely because you have
+visited places where you _might_ have acquired much information. Many a
+man has passed some time in a foreign town without learning more about
+the beauties of its cathedral or the manners and customs of its
+inhabitants than was previously known to others through the instructive
+medium of a book and pair of spectacles at home; and therefore although
+you may have really been at Rome, and may have actually seen with your
+own eyes both the Apollo Belvidere and Raphael's Transfiguration, you
+must not, on that account only, consider yourself qualified to take a
+leading part in every conversation on subjects connected with the fine
+arts.
+
+
+XXXVIII.
+
+Many persons who are possessed of much information have a tedious and
+unconnected way of imparting it. Such men are like dictionaries, very
+instructive if opened in the right place, but rather fatiguing to read
+throughout.
+
+
+XXXIX.
+
+The foundation of good breeding is the absence of selfishness. By acting
+always on this principle--by showing forbearance and moderation in
+argument when you feel sure that you are right, and a becoming
+diffidence when you are in doubt, you will avoid many of the errors
+which other men are apt to fall into.
+
+
+XL.
+
+Artists, medical men, and engineers are much to be feared by those
+persons who are apt to talk a little sometimes on matters which they do
+not very well understand. If, reader, you are, like me, subject to this
+infirmity, mind what you are about when any professional men are
+present.
+
+                                                            R. P.
+
+  _Whitehall, February, 1842._
+
+  London: Printed by WILLIAM CLOWES and SONS, Stamford Street
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[G] Acting on this principle, I was once supposed to have killed a brace
+less than nothing, viz., I went out partridge shooting with two other
+persons. At the end of the day one of these said that he had killed
+twelve brace, and the other claimed eleven brace. When the birds were
+afterwards counted, the number of them was forty-four. I therefore
+conclude that the brace which was wanting must have been considered as
+my share of the day's sport.
+
+[H]
+
+        "Whose iron scourge and torturing hour
+         The bad _extract, and clean_ the best."
+
+
+[I]
+
+        "Thus fell two heroes, one the pride of Thrace,
+         And one the leader of the Epeian race;
+         Death's sable shade at once o'ercast their eyes:
+         _In dish_, the vanquish'd and the victor lies."
+
+_Pope says_, "In dust."
+
+[J] _e. g._ Vide quotation, p. 56.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Transcriber's Notes:
+
+The original text does not have a table of contents. One was created for
+this version.
+
+Obvious punctuation errors repaired.
+
+Page 6, illustration caption, "asssitant" changed to "assistant" (an
+expert assistant)
+
+Page 37, "your's" changed to "yours" (heavier than yours)
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Maxims and Hints on Angling, Chess,
+Shooting, and Other Matters, by Richard Penn
+
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+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" />
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Style-Type" content="text/css" />
+    <title>
+      The Project Gutenberg eBook of Maxims and Hints on Angling, Chess, Shooting, and Other Matters, by Richard Penn, Esq., F.R.S.
+    </title>
+    <style type="text/css">
+
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+
+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Maxims and Hints on Angling, Chess,
+Shooting, and Other Matters, by Richard Penn
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Maxims and Hints on Angling, Chess, Shooting, and Other Matters
+       also, Miseries of Fishing
+
+Author: Richard Penn
+
+Release Date: July 23, 2011 [EBook #36821]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MAXIMS AND HINTS ON ANGLING ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Mark C. Orton, Emmy and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was
+produced from images generously made available by The
+Internet Archive)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<h1>MAXIMS AND HINTS<br />
+
+<span class='small'>ON</span><br />
+
+ANGLING, CHESS, SHOOTING,<br />
+
+<span class='small'>AND</span><br />
+
+OTHER MATTERS;<br />
+
+<span class='small'>ALSO,</span><br />
+
+MISERIES OF FISHING.</h1>
+
+<div class='center'><b>With Wood-Cuts.</b><br />
+<br /><br />
+<span class='small'>BY</span><br />
+<span class='author'>RICHARD PENN, Esq., F.R.S.</span><br />
+<br />
+&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;<br />
+<span class='small'><i>A NEW EDITION, ENLARGED.</i></span><br />
+&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+LONDON:<br />
+JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET.<br />
+&mdash;&mdash;&mdash;<br />
+<span class='small'>MDCCCXLII.</span><br />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<div class='copyright'>
+LONDON:<br />
+Printed by <span class="smcap">William Clowes</span> and <span class="smcap">Sons</span>,<br />
+Stamford Street.<br />
+</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2>CONTENTS</h2>
+
+
+
+<div class='center'>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Contents">
+<tr><td align='left'>Maxims and Hints for an Angler</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_1">1</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Miseries of Fishing</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_25">25</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Maxims and Hints for a Chess Player</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_55">55</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align='left'>Maxims and Hints on Shooting and Other Matters&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_81">81</a></td></tr>
+</table></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<div class='center'>THE FOLLOWING EXTRACTS<br />
+<br />
+<span class='small'>FROM THE</span><br />
+
+<b>Common-Place-Book</b><br />
+
+<span class='small'>OF THE</span><br />
+
+<span class='big'>HOUGHTON FISHING CLUB</span><br />
+
+<span class='small'>ARE RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED</span><br />
+
+<span class='small'>TO HIS</span><br />
+
+BROTHER ANGLERS<br />
+
+<span class='small'>BY A</span><br />
+
+MEMBER OF THE CLUB.</div>
+
+<div><span style="margin-left: 22em;"><span class="smcap">London</span>,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 21em;"><i>March, 1833.</i></span><br /></div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[1]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>MAXIMS AND HINTS<br />
+
+<span class='small'>FOR</span><br />
+
+AN ANGLER.</h2>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[2]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class='poem'>
+"You see the ways the fisherman doth take<br />
+"To catch the fish; what engines doth he make?<br />
+"Behold! how he engageth all his wits,<br />
+"Also his snares, lines, angles, hooks, and nets:<br />
+"Yet fish there be, that neither hook nor line,<br />
+"Nor snare, nor net, nor engine can make thine;<br />
+"They must be groped for, and be tickled too,<br />
+"Or they will not be catch'd, whate'er you do."<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 13.5em;"><span class="smcap">John Bunyan</span></span><br />
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[3]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>MAXIMS AND HINTS<br />
+<br />
+<span class='small'>FOR</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class='big'>AN ANGLER:</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class='small'>BY</span><br />
+<br />
+A BUNGLER.</h2>
+
+<div class='center'>[Loosely thrown out, in order to provoke contradiction,
+and elicit truth from the expert.]<br />
+<br />
+<br />
+I.</div>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Are</span> there any fish in the river to which you
+are going?</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />II.</div>
+
+<p>Having settled the above question in the
+affirmative, get some person who knows the
+water to show you whereabout the fish usually
+lie; and when he shows them to you, do not
+show yourself to them.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[4]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />III.</div>
+
+<p>Comparatively coarse fishing will succeed
+better when you are not seen by the fish,
+than the finest when they see you.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />IV.</div>
+
+<p>Do not imagine that, because a fish does
+not instantly dart off on first seeing you, he
+is the less aware of your presence; he almost
+always on such occasions ceases to feed, and
+pays you the compliment of devoting his
+whole attention to you, whilst he is preparing
+for a start whenever the apprehended danger
+becomes sufficiently imminent.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />V.</div>
+
+<p>By wading when the sun does not shine,
+you may walk in the river within eighteen or
+twenty yards below a fish, which would be
+immediately driven away by your walking on
+the bank on either side, though at a greater
+distance from him.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[5]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />VI.</div>
+
+<p>When you are fishing with the natural
+May-fly, it is as well to wait for a passing
+cloud, as to drive away the fish by putting
+your fly to him in the glare of the sunshine,
+when he will not take it.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />VII.</div>
+
+<p>If you pass your fly neatly and well three
+times over a trout, and he refuses it, do not
+wait any longer for him: you may be sure
+that he has seen the line of invitation which
+you have sent over the water to him, and
+does not intend to come.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />VIII.</div>
+
+<p>If your line be nearly <i>taut</i>, as it ought
+to be, with little or no gut in the water, a
+good fish will always hook himself, on your
+gently raising the top of the rod when he has
+taken the fly.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[6]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 433px;">
+<img src="images/illus-011.png" width="433" height="500" alt="&quot;Whence he is to be instantly whipt out by an expert assistant, furnished,&quot; &amp;c.
+
+To face page 6." title="" />
+<span class="caption">&quot;Whence he is to be instantly whipt out by an expert <ins title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'asssitant'">assistant</ins>, furnished,&quot; &amp;c.
+</span>
+<div class='ref'>To face page 6.</div>
+</div>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br /><a name="IX" id="IX"></a>IX.</div>
+
+<p>If you are above a fish in the stream when
+you hook him, get below him as soon as you
+can; and remember that if you pull him, but
+for an instant, against the stream, he will, if
+a heavy fish, break his hold; or if he should
+be firmly hooked, you will probably find that
+the united strength of the stream and fish is
+too much for your skill and tackle.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />X.</div>
+
+<p>I do not think that a fish has much power
+of stopping himself if, immediately on being
+hooked, he is moved slowly with the current,
+under the attractive influence of your rod
+and line. He will soon find that a forced
+march of this sort is very fatiguing, and he
+may then be brought, by a well-regulated
+exercise of gentle violence, to the bank, from
+whence he is to be instantly whipt out by an
+expert assistant, furnished with a landing-net,
+the ring of which ought not to be of a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[7]</a></span>
+less diameter than eighteen inches, the handle
+of it being seven feet long.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XI.</div>
+
+<p>If, after hooking a trout, you allow him to
+remain stationary but for a moment, he will
+have time to put his helm hard a-port or
+a-starboard, and to offer some resistance.
+Strong tackle now becomes useful.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XII.</div>
+
+<p>Bear always in mind that no tackle is
+strong enough, unless well handled. A good
+fisherman will easily kill a trout of three
+pounds with a rod and a line which are not
+strong enough to lift a dead weight of one
+pound from the floor, and place it on the
+table.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XIII.</div>
+
+<p>Remember that, in whipping with the
+artificial fly, it must have time, when you
+have drawn it out of the water, to make the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[8]</a></span>
+whole circuit, and to be at one time straight
+behind you, before it can be driven out
+straight before you. If you give it the forward
+impulse too soon, you will hear a crack.
+Take this as a hint that your fly is gone to
+grass.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XIV.</div>
+
+<p>Never throw with a long line when a short
+one will answer your purpose. The most
+difficult fish to hook is one which is rising at
+three-fourths of the utmost distance to which
+you can throw. Even when you are at the
+extent of your distance, you have a better
+chance; because in this case, when you do
+reach him, your line will be straight, and,
+when you do not, the intermediate failures
+will not alarm him.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XV.</div>
+
+<p>It appears to me that, in whipping with an
+artificial fly, there are only two cases in which
+a fish taking the fly will infallibly hook himself
+without your assistance, viz.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[9]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>1. When your fly first touches the water
+at the end of a straight line.</p>
+
+<p>2. When you are drawing out your fly for
+a new throw.</p>
+
+<p>In all other cases it is necessary that, in
+order to hook him when he has taken the
+fly, you should do something with your wrist
+which it is not easy to describe.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XVI.</div>
+
+<p>If your line should fall loose and wavy
+into the water, it will either frighten away
+the fish, or he will take the fly into his mouth
+without fastening himself; and when he finds
+that it does not answer his purpose, he will
+spit it out again, before it has answered yours.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XVII.</div>
+
+<p>Although the question of fishing up or
+down the stream is usually settled by the
+direction of the wind, you may sometimes<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[10]</a></span>
+have the option; and it is, therefore, as well
+to say a word or two on both sides.</p>
+
+<p>1. If, when you are fishing down-stream,
+you take a step or two with each successive
+throw, your fly is always travelling over new
+water, which cannot have been disturbed by
+the passing of your line.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />2. When you are fishing up-stream, you
+may lose the advantage of raising so many
+fish; but, on the other hand, you will have
+a better chance of hooking those which rise
+at your fly, because the darting forward of a
+fish seizing it has a tendency to tighten your
+line, and produce the desired effect.</div>
+
+
+<p>3. If you are in the habit of sometimes
+catching a fish, there is another great advantage
+in fishing up-stream, viz. whilst you
+are playing and leading (necessarily down-stream)
+the fish which you have hooked, you<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[11]</a></span>
+do not alarm the others which are above you,
+waiting till their turn comes.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XVIII.</div>
+
+<p>The learned are much divided in opinion
+as to the propriety of whipping with two
+flies or with one. I am humbly of opinion
+that your chance of hooking fish is much
+increased by your using two flies; but I
+think that, by using only one, you increase
+your chance of landing the fish.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XIX.</div>
+
+<p>When you are using two flies, you can
+easily find the bob-fly on the top of the
+water, and thus be sure that the end-fly is
+not far off. When you are using only one
+fly, you cannot so easily see where the fly is;
+but I think that you can make a better guess
+as to where the fish is likely to be after you
+have hooked him.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[12]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figright" style="width: 439px;">
+<img src="images/illus-019.png" width="439" height="500" alt="&quot;You will find it difficult, with all your attractions, to overcome the
+strong attachment,&quot; &amp;c." title="" />
+<span class="caption">&quot;You will find it difficult, with all your attractions, to overcome the
+strong attachment,&quot; &amp;c.</span>
+
+<div class='ref'>To face page 12.</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class='center'><br />XX.</div>
+
+<p>Also, when you are using two flies, you
+may sometimes catch a fish with one of them,
+and a weed growing in the river with the
+other. When such a <i>liaison</i> is once formed,
+you will find it difficult, with all your attractions,
+to overcome the strong attachment of
+the fish to your worthless rival the weed.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXI.</div>
+
+<p>If the weed will not give way in the
+awkward juncture above alluded to, you must
+proceed to extremities. "Then comes the
+tug of war;" and your line is quite as likely
+to break between you and the fish, as between
+the fish and the weed.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXII.</div>
+
+<p>When, during the season of the May-fly,
+your friends, the gentlemen from London,
+say that they "have scarcely seen a fish rise
+all day," do not too hastily conclude that the
+fish have not been feeding on the fly.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[13]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXIII.</div>
+
+<p>The only "rising" which is seen by the
+unlearned is the splash which is made by a
+fish when he darts from a considerable depth
+in the water to catch an occasional fly on the
+surface. There is, however, another sort of
+"rising," which is better worth the skilful
+angler's attention, viz.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXIV.</div>
+
+<p>When a fish is seriously feeding on the
+fly, he stations himself at no greater depth
+than his own length, and, making his tail the
+hinge of his motions, he gently raises his
+mouth to the top of the water, and quietly
+sucks in the fly attempting to pass over him.
+A rising of this sort is not easily seen, but it
+is worth looking for; because, although a
+fish feeding in this manner will rarely go
+many inches on either side for a fly, he will
+as rarely refuse to take one which comes
+(without any gut in the water) directly to him.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[14]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXV.</div>
+
+<p>If your fly (gut unfortunately included)
+should swim over a fish without his taking it,
+look out well for a darting line of undulation,
+which betokens his immediate departure;
+and remember, that it is of no use to continue
+fishing for him after he is gone.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXVI.</div>
+
+<p>The stations chosen by fish for feeding are
+those which are likely to afford them good
+sport in catching flies, viz.</p>
+
+<p>1. The mouths of ditches running into the
+river.</p>
+
+<p>2. The confluence of two branches of a
+stream, which has been divided by a patch
+of weeds.</p>
+
+<p>3. That part of a stream which has been
+narrowed by two such patches.</p>
+
+<p>4. Fish are also to be found under the
+bank opposite to the wind, where they are
+waiting for the flies which are blown against
+that bank, and fall into the river.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[15]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXVII.</div>
+
+<p>If, during your walks by the river-side,
+you have marked any good fish, it is fair to
+presume that other persons have marked
+them also. Suppose the case of two well-known
+fish, one of them (which I will call A.)
+lying above a certain bridge, the other (which
+I will call B.) lying below the bridge. Suppose
+further that you have just caught B.,
+and that some curious and cunning friend
+should say to you in a careless way, "Where
+did you take that fine fish?" a finished fisherman
+would advise you to tell your inquiring
+friend that you had taken your fish just <i>above</i>
+the bridge, describing, as the scene of action,
+the spot which, in truth, you know to be still
+occupied by the other fish, A. Your friend
+would then fish no more for A., supposing
+that to be the fish which you have caught;
+and whilst he innocently resumes his operations
+below the bridge, where he falsely imagines<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[16]</a></span>
+B. still to be, A. is left quietly for you,
+if you can catch him.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXVIII.</div>
+
+<p>When you see a large fish rising so greedily
+in the middle of a sharp stream, that you
+feel almost sure of his instantly taking your
+May-fly, I would advise you to make an accurate
+survey of all obstructions in the immediate
+neighbourhood of your feet&mdash;of any
+ditch which may be close behind you&mdash;or of
+any narrow plank, amidst high rushes, which
+you may shortly have to walk over in a hurry.
+If you should hook the fish, a knowledge of
+these interesting localities will be very useful
+to you.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXIX.</div>
+
+<p>When your water-proof boots are wet
+through, make a hole or two near the bottom
+of them, in order that the water, which runs
+in whilst you are walking in the river, may
+run freely out again whilst you are walking<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[17]</a></span>
+on the bank. You will thus avoid an accompaniment
+of pumping-music, which is not
+agreeable.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXX.</div>
+
+<p>Never mind what they of the old school
+say about "playing him till he is tired."
+Much valuable time and many a good fish
+may be lost by this antiquated proceeding.
+Put him into your basket <i>as soon as you can</i>.
+Everything depends on the manner in which
+you commence your acquaintance with him.
+If you can at first prevail upon him to go
+a little way down the stream with you, you
+will have no difficulty afterwards in persuading
+him to let you have the pleasure of
+seeing him at dinner.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXXI.</div>
+
+<p>Do not be afraid of filling your pockets too
+full when you go out; you are more likely
+to leave something behind you than to take
+too much. A man who seldom catches a fish<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[18]</a></span>
+at any other time, usually gets hold of one
+(and loses him of course) whilst his attendant
+is gone back for something which had been
+forgotten.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXXII.</div>
+
+<p>If your attendant is a handy fellow at
+landing a fish, let him do it in his own way:
+if he is not, try to find a better man, or go
+home. Although so much depends upon his
+skill, you will rarely derive much comfort
+from asking him for his opinion. If you
+have had bad sport, and say to him, "Which
+way shall we go now?" he will most probably
+say, "Where you please, sir." If you ask
+him what he thinks of the weather, he is
+very likely to say that last week (<i>when you
+were in London</i>) it was "famous weather for
+fishing;" or he will perhaps say, that he expects
+that next week (<i>when you are to be at
+home again</i>) it will be very good. I never
+knew one of these men who was satisfied
+with the present hour.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[19]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXXIII.</div>
+
+<p>Do not leave off fishing early in the evening
+because your friends are tired. After a
+bright day, the largest fish are to be caught
+by whipping between sunset and dark. Even,
+however, in these precious moments, you will
+not have good sport if you continue throwing
+after you have whipped your fly off. Pay
+attention to this; and if you have any doubt
+after dusk, you may easily ascertain the point,
+by drawing the end of the line quickly
+through your hand,&mdash;particularly if you do
+not wear gloves.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXXIV.</div>
+
+<p>No attempt is here made to give directions
+as to the best seasons for cutting the woods
+which are fittest for the making of rods, or
+as to the mode of preparing them; because
+the worst rod which is kept for sale at the
+present day is probably as good as the best
+of the first few dozen which any amateur is
+likely to make for himself.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[20]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXXV.</div>
+
+<p>Lastly&mdash;When you have got hold of a good
+fish, which is not very tractable, if you are
+married, gentle reader, think of your wife,
+who, like the fish, is united to you by very
+tender ties, which can only end with her
+death, or her going into weeds. If you are
+single, the loss of the fish, when you thought
+the prize your own, may remind you of some
+more serious disappointment.</p>
+
+<div class='sig'>
+R. P.<br />
+</div>
+
+<div>
+<i>Rod Cottage, River Side,</i><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>31st May, 1829.</i></span><br /><br /><br />
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 301px;">
+<img src="images/illus-028.png" width="301" height="250" alt="" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[21]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class='center'><br />POSTSCRIPT.</div>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">I forgot</span> to say, that, if a friend should
+invite you to his house, saying that he will
+give you "an excellent day's fishing," you
+ought not to doubt his kind intention, but
+you certainly ought not to feel very sure that
+you will have good sport. Provide yourself
+for such a visit with everything which you
+may want, as if you were going into an uninhabited
+country. Above all things, take a
+landing-net with you. Your friend's (if he
+has one) is probably torn and without a
+handle, being a sort of reticulated shovel for
+taking fish out of the well of a punt. Take
+warning from the following story:&mdash;</p>
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 427px;">
+<img src="images/illus-032.png" width="427" height="500" alt="The boy exclaiming, &quot;Damn &#39;un, I miss&#39;d &#39;un,&quot; instantly threw a second brick-bat." title="" />
+<span class="caption">The boy exclaiming, &quot;Damn &#39;un, I miss&#39;d &#39;un,&quot; instantly threw a second brick-bat.
+</span>
+<div class='ref'>To face page 23.</div>
+</div>
+<p>Mr. Jackson and Mr. Thompson went last
+week to the house of Mr. Jenkins, for a few
+days' fishing. They were received with the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[22]</a></span>
+utmost kindness and hospitality by Mr. and
+Mrs. Jenkins, and on the following morning
+after breakfast, the gardener (who was on
+that day called the fisherman) was desired to
+attend them to the river. Thompson, who
+had a landing-net of his own, begged to have
+a boy to carry it. Jack was immediately
+sent for, and he appeared in <i>top</i> boots, with
+a livery hat and waistcoat.</p>
+
+<p>Arrived at the water-side, Thompson gave
+his gnat-basket to the boy, and told him to
+go on the other side of the river, and look on
+the grass for a few May-flies. Jack said
+that he did not exactly know what May-flies
+were, and that the river could not be crossed
+without going over a bridge a mile off.
+Thompson is a patient man, so he began to
+fish with his landing-net for a few May-flies,
+and after he had necessarily frightened away
+many fish, he succeeded in catching six or
+seven May-flies.</p>
+
+
+
+<p>Working one of them with the blowing-line<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[23]</a></span>
+much to his own satisfaction, and thinking
+to extract a compliment from his attendant,
+he said, "They do not often fish here
+in this way&mdash;do they?" "No," said the boy,
+"they drags wi' a net; they did zo the day
+afore yesterday."</p>
+
+<p>Our angler, after much patient fishing,
+hooked a fine trout; and having brought him
+carefully to the bank, he said, "Now, my
+lad, don't be in a hurry, but get him out as
+soon as you can." Jack ran to the water's
+edge, threw down the net, and seizing the
+line with both hands, of course broke it immediately.</p>
+
+<p>Nothing daunted, Thompson now mended
+his tackle and went on fishing; and when he
+thought, "good easy man," that the very
+moment for hooking another trout was arrived,
+there was a great splash just above his
+fly;&mdash;and the boy exclaiming, "Damn un,
+I miss'd un," instantly threw a second brick-bat
+at a rat which was crossing the river.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[24]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Mine host, in order to accommodate his
+friends, dined early; and when they went
+after dinner to enjoy the evening fishing,
+they found that the miller had turned off the
+water, and that the river was nearly dry,&mdash;so
+they went back to tea.</p>
+
+<div class='sig'>
+R. P.<br /><br /><br />
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 403px;">
+<img src="images/illus-034.png" width="403" height="250" alt="F. R. Lee, Esq., R.A." title="" />
+<span class="caption"><i>F. R. Lee, Esq., R.A.</i></span>
+</div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[25]</a></span></p>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[26]</a></span></p>
+<h2>MISERIES OF FISHING.</h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<div class='center'>"<i>Qu&aelig;que ipse miserrima vidi.</i>"</div>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[27]</a></span></p>
+<h2>MISERIES OF FISHING.</h2>
+
+
+<div class='center'>I.</div>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Making</span> a great improvement in a receipt
+which a friend had given you for staining
+gut&mdash;and finding that you have produced
+exactly the colour which you wanted, but
+that the dye has made all your bottoms quite
+rotten.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />II.</div>
+
+<p>Suddenly putting up your hand to save
+your hat in a high wind, and grasping a
+number of artificial flies, which you had
+pinned round it, without any intention of
+taking hold of more than one at a time.</p>
+<div class="figright" style="width: 421px;">
+<img src="images/illus-039.png" width="421" height="500" alt="&quot;And having occasion to regret the decayed state of the hand-rail,&quot; &amp;c." title="" />
+<span class="caption">&quot;And having occasion to regret the decayed state of the hand-rail,&quot; &amp;c.
+</span>
+<div class='ref'>To face page 28.</div>
+</div>
+
+<div class='center'><br />III.</div>
+
+<p>Leading a large fish down-stream and
+arriving at a ditch, the width of which is
+evident, although the depth of it may be a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[28]</a></span>
+matter of some doubt. Having thus to decide
+very quickly whether you will lose the
+fish and half your tackle, or run the risk of
+going up to your neck in mud. Perhaps
+both.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />IV.</div>
+
+<p>Feeling rather unsteady whilst you are
+walking on a windy day over an old foot-bridge,
+and having occasion to regret the
+decayed state of the hand-rail, which once
+protected the passing fisherman.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />V.</div>
+
+<p>Fishing for the first time with flies of your
+own making&mdash;and finding that they are quite
+as good as any which you can buy, except
+that the hooks are not so firmly tied to the
+gut.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />VI.</div>
+
+<p>Taking out with you as your aide-de-camp
+an unsophisticated lad from the neighbouring
+village, who laughs at you when you miss<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[29]</a></span>
+hooking a fish rising at a fly, and says with
+a grin. "You can't vasten 'em as my vather
+does."</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />VII.</div>
+
+<p>Making the very throw which you feel
+sure will at last enable you to reach a fish
+that is rising at some distance&mdash;and seeing
+the upper half of your rod go into the middle
+of the river. When you have towed it
+ashore, finding that it has broken off close to
+the ferule, which is immoveably fixed in the
+lower half of your rod.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />VIII.</div>
+
+<p>Feeling the first cold drop giving notice
+to your great toe that in less than two minutes
+your boot will be full of water.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />IX.</div>
+
+<p>Going out on a morning so fine that no
+man would think of taking his water-proof
+cloak with him&mdash;and then, before catching<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[30]</a></span>
+any fish, being thoroughly wet through by an
+unexpected shower.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />X.</div>
+
+<p>When you cannot catch any fish&mdash;being
+told by your attendant of the excellent sport
+which your predecessor had on the same spot,
+only a few days before.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XI.</div>
+
+<p>Having brought with you from town a
+large assortment of expensive artificial flies&mdash;and
+being told on showing them to an experienced
+native, that "They are certainly very
+beautiful, but that none of them are of any
+use here."</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XII.</div>
+
+<p>After trying in vain to reach a trout which
+is rising on the opposite side of the river&mdash;at
+last walking on; and before you have
+gone 100 yards, looking back, and seeing
+a more skilful friend catch him at the first
+throw.&mdash;Weight 3 lbs. 2 oz.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 420px;">
+<img src="images/illus-043.png" width="420" height="500" alt="&quot;Looking back, and seeing a more skilful friend catch him at the first throw.&quot;" title="" />
+<span class="caption">&quot;Looking back, and seeing a more skilful friend catch him at the first throw.&quot;
+</span>
+<div class='ref'>To face page 30.</div>
+</div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[31]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XIII.</div>
+
+<p>Having stupidly trodden on the top of
+your rod&mdash;and then finding that the spare
+top, which you have brought out with you in
+the butt, belongs to the rod which you have
+left at home, and will not fit that which you
+are using.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XIV.</div>
+
+<p>Having steered safely through some very
+dangerous weeds a fish which you consider
+to weigh at least 3 lbs., and having brought
+him safely to the very edge of the bank,&mdash;then
+seeing him, when he is all but in the landing-net,
+make a plunge, which in a moment renders
+all your previous skill of no avail, and
+puts it out of your power to verify the accuracy
+of your calculations as to his weight.</p>
+
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XV.</div>
+
+<p>Fishing with the blowing-line when the
+wind is so light that your fly is seldom more<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[32]</a></span>
+than two yards from you, or when the wind
+is so strong that it always carries your fly up
+into the air, before it comes to the spot which
+you wish it to swim over.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 433px;">
+<img src="images/illus-047.png" width="433" height="500" alt="&quot;Probing the bottom in front of you with the handle of your landing-net.&quot;" title="" />
+<span class="caption">&quot;Probing the bottom in front of you with the handle of your landing-net.&quot;
+</span>
+<div class='ref'>To face page 32.</div>
+</div>
+<div class='center'><br />XVI.</div>
+
+<p>Wishing to show off before a young friend
+whom you have been learnedly instructing in
+the mysteries of the art, and finding that you
+cannot catch any fish yourself, whilst he (an
+inexperienced hand) hooks and lands (by
+mere accident of course) a very large one.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XVII.</div>
+
+<p>Attempting to walk across the river in a
+new place without knowing exactly whereabouts
+certain holes, which you have heard
+of, are. Probing the bottom in front of you
+with the handle of your landing-net,&mdash;and
+finding it very soft.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[33]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XVIII.</div>
+
+<p>Going some distance for three days' fishing,
+on the two first of which there is bright sunshine
+and no wind, and then finding that the
+third, which opens with "a southerly wind
+and a cloudy sky," is the day which a neighbouring
+farmer has fixed upon for washing
+two hundred sheep on the shallow where you
+expected to have the best sport.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XIX.</div>
+
+<p>Being allowed to have one day's fishing in
+a stream, the windings of which are so many,
+that it would require half a dozen different
+winds to enable you to fish the greater part
+of it, from the only side to which your leave
+extends.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XX.</div>
+
+<p>Finding, on taking your book out of your
+pocket, that the fly at the end of your line is
+not the only one by many dozen which you<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[34]</a></span>
+have had in the water, whilst you have been
+wading rather too deep.</p>
+
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 420px;">
+<img src="images/illus-051.png" width="420" height="500" alt="&quot;You must sit down on the wet grass whilst your attendant pulls them off,
+in order,&quot; &amp;c." title="" />
+<span class="caption">&quot;You must sit down on the wet grass whilst your attendant pulls them off,
+in order,&quot; &amp;c.
+</span>
+<div class='ref'>To face page 34.</div>
+</div>
+<div class='center'><br />XXI.</div>
+
+<p>Wading half an inch deeper than the tops
+of your boots, and finding afterwards that
+you must carry about with you four or five
+quarts in each, or must sit down on the wet
+grass whilst your attendant pulls them off, in
+order that you may empty them, and try to
+pull them on again.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXII.</div>
+
+<p>Jumping out of bed very early every morning,
+during the season of the May-fly, to look
+at a weathercock opposite to your window,
+and always finding the wind either in the
+north or east.</p>
+
+
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXIII.</div>
+
+<p>Having just hooked a heavy fish, when you
+are using the blowing-line, and seeing the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[35]</a></span>
+silk break about two feet above your hand;
+then watching the broken end as it travels
+quickly through each successive ring, till it
+finally leaves the top of your rod, and follows
+the fish to the bottom of the river.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXIV.</div>
+
+<p>Receiving a very elegant new rod from
+London, and being told by one of the most
+skilful of your brother anglers, that it is so
+stiff,&mdash;and by another, that it is so pliant, that
+it is not possible for any man to throw a
+fly properly with it.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXV.</div>
+
+<p>Being obliged to listen to a long story
+about the difficulties which one of your
+friends had to encounter in landing a very
+fine trout which has just been placed on the
+table for dinner, when you have no story of
+the same sort to tell in return.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[36]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 423px;">
+<img src="images/illus-055.png" width="423" height="500" alt="&quot;Finding that they are all about to be immediately driven away by five-and-twenty cows.&quot;" title="" />
+<span class="caption">&quot;Finding that they are all about to be immediately driven away by five-and-twenty cows.&quot;
+</span>
+<div class='ref'>To face page 36.</div>
+</div>
+<div class='center'><br />XXVI.</div>
+
+<p>Hooking a large trout, and then turning
+the handle of your reel the wrong way; thus
+producing an effect diametrically opposite to
+that of shortening your line, and making the
+fish more unmanageable than before.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXVII.</div>
+
+<p>Arriving just before sunset at a shallow,
+where the fish are rising beautifully, and
+finding that they are all about to be immediately
+driven away by five-and-twenty cows,
+which are preparing to walk very leisurely
+across the river in open files.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXVIII.</div>
+
+<p>Coming to an ugly ditch in your way
+across a water-meadow late in the day, when
+you are too tired to jump, and being obliged
+to walk half a mile in search of a place where
+you think you can step over it.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[37]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXIX.</div>
+
+<p>Flattering yourself that you had brought
+home the largest fish of the day, and then
+finding that two of your party have each of
+them caught a trout more than half a pound
+heavier than <ins title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'your's'">yours</ins>.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXX.</div>
+
+<p>Finding yourself reduced to the necessity
+of talking about the beautiful form and colour
+of some trout, which you have caught, being
+well aware that in the important particular of
+<i>weight</i>, they are much inferior to several of
+those taken on the same day by one of your
+companions.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXXI.</div>
+
+<p>Telling a long story after dinner, tending
+to show (with full particulars of time and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[38]</a></span>
+place) how that, under very difficult circumstances,
+and notwithstanding very great skill
+on your part, your tackle had been that
+morning broken and carried away by a very
+large fish; and then having the identical fly,
+lost by you on that occasion, returned to you
+by one of your party, who found it in the
+mouth of a trout, caught by him, about an hour
+after your disaster, on the very spot so accurately
+described by you&mdash;the said very large
+fish being, after all, a very small one.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXXII.</div>
+
+<p>Arriving at a friend's house in the country,
+one very cold evening in March, and being
+told by his keeper that there are a great many
+large pike in the water, and that you are sure
+of having good sport on the following day;
+and then looking out of your bed-room
+window the next morning, and seeing two unhappy<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[39]</a></span>
+swans dancing an awkward sort of
+minuet on the ice, the surface of the lake
+having been completely frozen during the
+night.</p>
+
+<div class='sig'>
+R. P.<br />
+</div>
+
+<div>
+<span class="smcap">London</span>,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><i>March, 1833.</i></span><br /><br /><br />
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 308px;">
+<img src="images/illus-059.png" width="308" height="250" alt="Fish" title="" />
+</div>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[40]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 450px;">
+<img src="images/illus-060.png" width="450" height="360" alt="F. R. Lee, Esq., R.A." title="" />
+<span class="caption"><i>F. R. Lee, Esq., R.A.</i></span>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[41]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>MORE MISERIES.</h2>
+
+<div class='center'>(Continuation of Story from <a href="#Page_24">page 24</a>.)</div>
+
+
+<p><span class="smcap">On</span> a subsequent occasion our honest anglers
+repeated their visit to Mr. Jenkins, who, with
+the view of making himself more agreeable
+to his guests, had, in the meantime, agreed to
+pay an annual rent to the miller, for the exclusive
+right of fishing in some water belonging
+to the mill, which was said to contain the
+largest fish in the river.</p>
+
+<p>Now, this miller had a son, who, whilst he
+followed his father's daily occupation of preparing
+matter for the <i>loaves</i>, sometimes thought
+of the <i>fishes</i> too; and he was better known in
+the neighbourhood for his great skill in fishing,
+than for any unusual acquaintance with the
+mysteries of grinding. He had frequently
+used much argument and entreaty to dissuade
+his father from letting the fishery; but the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[42]</a></span>
+prudent old miller thought that &pound;15 per
+annum, to be paid by Mr. Jenkins, would be
+more profitable to him, than any pleasure
+which his son might derive from catching
+many fine brace of trout during the season.</p>
+
+<div class="figright" style="width: 436px;">
+<img src="images/illus-064.png" width="436" height="500" alt="&quot;He now sallied forth, not &#39;equal to both,&#39; but &#39;armed for either field.&#39;&quot;" title="" />
+<span class="caption">&quot;He now sallied forth, not &#39;equal to both,&#39; but &#39;armed for either field.&#39;&quot;
+</span>
+<div class='ref'>To face page 43.</div>
+</div>
+
+<p>Such was the state of affairs in this part
+of the world, when Mr. Jackson and Mr.
+Thompson arrived early one morning, by
+special invitation, to make a first trial of their
+skill in the new water. The usual conversation
+about the state of the weather was
+quickly despatched at breakfast. The wind
+was, for once, pronounced to be in the right
+quarter. It was unanimously agreed that there
+could not well be a more favourable day for
+fishing, and that, therefore, the gentlemen
+ought to lose no time in going down to the
+river. Our old friend, Thompson, who, as we
+have already seen, was not always very successful
+with a fly, had lately, in order that he
+might have two strings to his bow<a name="FNanchor_A_1" id="FNanchor_A_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_A_1" class="fnanchor">[A]</a>, been<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[43]</a></span>
+learning another branch of the gentle art,
+called "Spinning a minnow;" and he now
+sallied forth, not "equal to both," but "armed
+for either field," and walked with a confident
+step to a celebrated spot below the mill. This
+new acquirement had been kept a profound
+secret from Jackson, who went out, as usual,
+fly-fishing, and proceeded to a part of the
+stream above the mill.</p>
+
+<p>It was not to be expected that the young
+miller would work cheerfully at the mill that
+morning. He felt that, although he had been
+cruelly deprived of the fishery by his father,
+he surely had a right to <i>look</i> at the gentlemen
+if he pleased; he therefore put on his
+dusty hat and walked, in a surly mood, to the
+river side,&mdash;taking with him, as the companion
+of his sorrows, a ragged little boy, who
+had often witnessed his exploits with envy
+and admiration, and occasionally imitated his
+great example in a very humble manner by
+fishing for gudgeons in the canal.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[44]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The youth and the boy found Thompson
+so busily engaged in arranging his new
+spinning-tackle, that he did not perceive that
+they had established themselves within a few
+yards of him. There he stood upon the bank,
+deeply impressed with the value of some
+excellent instructions which he had lately
+received for his guidance, and fully sensible
+of the vast superiority over Jackson which he
+now possessed. Having at last settled every
+preliminary to his entire satisfaction, he was
+just about to cast in his minnow for the first
+time, when the miller attracted Thompson's
+notice by that peculiar sort of short cough
+which is a relief to suppressed insolence, and
+acts as a safety-valve to prevent explosion.</p>
+
+<p>Poor Thompson! He did not feel quite
+qualified for a performance of the kind
+before a critic so well able to judge, and so
+little disposed to admire; but he considered
+that it would be <i>infra dig.</i> to appear disconcerted
+by the young miller's presence,&mdash;so<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[45]</a></span>
+he assumed a look of defiance, and manfully
+commenced operations.</p>
+
+<p>After one or two bad throws, and sundry
+awkward attempts at improvement, a fine
+trout (<i>mirabile dictu!</i>) darted from under
+the bank and seized his minnow. "Who cares
+for the miller now?" thought Thompson;
+but, alas! the happy thought passed through
+his mind&mdash;</p>
+
+<div class='poem'>
+"Too like the lightning, which doth cease to be<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">Ere one can say&mdash;It lightens."</span><br />
+</div>
+
+<div class='unindent'>He unfortunately (vide <a href="#IX">Maxim IX.</a>) held
+the fish a little too hard against the stream,
+and pulled him so very triumphantly, that
+the thrilling sensation of tugging pressure
+on the rod suddenly ceased, and the hookless
+end of the broken line flew into the
+air!!</div>
+
+<p>At this awful crisis the young miller's
+cough became very troublesome, and the boy
+coolly called out to him<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[46]</a></span>&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"<i>I say, Jack!&mdash;I'll lay a penny that
+wouldn't ha' happened if you had had hold
+on 'im!!!</i>"</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 422px;">
+<img src="images/illus-069.png" width="422" height="500" alt="&quot;I&#39;ll lay a penny that wouldn&#39;t ha&#39; happened if you had hold on &#39;im!!&quot;" title="" />
+<span class="caption">&quot;I&#39;ll lay a penny that wouldn&#39;t ha&#39; happened if you had hold on &#39;im!!&quot;
+</span>
+<div class='ref'>To face page 46.</div>
+</div>
+<p>Long before Thompson had recovered
+from the effects of this sad disaster, Jenkins
+came up to him to announce that luncheon
+was ready. Overwhelming our poor sufferer
+with a torrent of well-meant condolence, he
+said&mdash;</p>
+
+<p>"Well, Thompson!</p>
+
+<p>"What! no sport?</p>
+
+<p>"That <i>is</i> unlucky!</p>
+
+<p>"I am very anxious that <i>you</i> should catch
+a good fish. <i>Jackson</i> has just caught a
+brace of very fine ones!</p>
+
+<p>"This is exactly the spot where I expected
+that you would have the best sport!</p>
+
+
+
+<p>"The miller tells me that the largest fish
+lie there<a name="FNanchor_B_2" id="FNanchor_B_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_B_2" class="fnanchor">[B]</a>, near that broken post under the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[47]</a></span>
+opposite bank. Pray cast your minnow close
+to that, and you will be sure to run a fish
+almost immediately."</p>
+
+<p>Jenkins little knew what he was asking.
+The aforesaid post was at a formidable distance,&mdash;it
+could only be reached by a most
+skilful hand. Thompson felt by no means
+disposed to attempt it, because, although
+Jenkins appeared to think that it would be
+an easy task for so finished an angler as
+Thompson, he himself had no doubt that the
+odious miller, who was still looking on, was
+of a very different opinion. He therefore
+thought that it would be wise to leave the
+question undetermined, and not to give a
+<i>casting</i> vote on the occasion.</p>
+
+<p>And now Thompson, turning his back on
+the river, walked home arm-in-arm with his
+friend Mr. Jenkins, grieving much about the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[48]</a></span>
+fish which he had lost, and perhaps a little
+about those which Jackson had caught.</p>
+
+<p>The brace of very fine trout, said to have
+been caught by Mr. Jackson, were exhibited
+by him in due form to Mr. Thompson and
+the ladies, just before luncheon. Whilst
+he was pointing out the beautiful condition
+of the fish, without at all underrating their
+weight, Miss Smith, who was staying on a
+visit with her sister, Mrs. Jenkins, pleasantly
+remarked that Mr. Jackson was very <i>lucky</i>
+to have caught two such fine fish whilst Mr.
+Thompson had not caught any. This led to
+an interesting conversation about the caprice
+of the fickle goddess, so often alluded to in
+the lamentations of an unsuccessful angler.
+Thompson took no part in the discussion, and
+he did not refer them to the miller or the
+little boy for any other explanation<a name="FNanchor_C_3" id="FNanchor_C_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_C_3" class="fnanchor">[C]</a> of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[49]</a></span>
+cause of his failure; but he begged that they
+would allow him to eat his luncheon, without
+waiting for the rest of the party, as he was
+anxious to return as soon as possible to the
+river, where he expected to have great sport
+in the evening.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 425px;">
+<img src="images/illus-074.png" width="425" height="450" alt="Geo. Jones, Esq. R.A. &quot;He begged that they would allow him to eat his luncheon without waiting for the rest of the party.&quot;" title="" />
+<span class="caption"><i>Geo. Jones, Esq. R.A.</i>
+<br />
+&quot;He begged that they would allow him to eat his luncheon without
+waiting for the rest of the party.&quot;
+</span>
+<div class='ref'>To face page 49.</div>
+</div>
+
+<p>After luncheon, our unfortunate hero did
+not catch any fish, and he found that he could
+not throw his minnow within several yards
+of the far-famed post, even when he was not
+annoyed by spectators. He contrived, however,
+to get fast hold of another, at a much
+less distance from him; in consequence of
+which, he was obliged to abandon a second
+set of his best minnow tackle (price 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>)
+to its fate in the middle of the river.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[50]</a></span></p>
+<div class="figleft" style="width: 420px;">
+<img src="images/illus-078.png" width="420" height="500" alt="&quot;His ears were assailed by a loud repetition of the cruel cough.&quot;" title="" />
+<span class="caption">&quot;His ears were assailed by a loud repetition of the cruel cough.&quot;
+</span>
+<div class='ref'>To face page 51.</div>
+</div>
+
+<p>At the end of <i>his day's sport</i>, Thompson
+omitted to use the wise precaution of taking
+his rod to pieces<a name="FNanchor_D_4" id="FNanchor_D_4"></a><a href="#Footnote_D_4" class="fnanchor">[D]</a>, before leaving the river
+side. On his way homewards, in the evening,
+he met the little boy, who slily asked him if
+he had had good sport <i>since</i>. This brought to
+his recollection the fact of his having to pass
+through the mill, in order to cross the river;
+and the prospect of his being asked a similar
+question by the miller was not agreeable.
+When he arrived at the mill, all was quiet; and
+he, therefore, flattered himself that the miller
+was comfortably enjoying his pipe at the ale-house.&mdash;Thompson
+was now so elated at the
+idea of passing through unobserved, that he
+quite forgot the exalted state of his rod, until<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[51]</a></span>
+he was reminded of it by a sudden jerk which
+broke off the top, leaving his third and last set
+of tackle, with a brilliant artificial minnow,
+sticking fast in a projecting rafter<a name="FNanchor_E_5" id="FNanchor_E_5"></a><a href="#Footnote_E_5" class="fnanchor">[E]</a> above
+his reach. Hastily shoving the broken joint
+(Thompson never swears) into the butt of
+his rod, he hoped that he should be able to
+conceal all knowledge of this last misfortune.
+He, however, felt very unwilling that the
+shining little minnow should remain in its
+present position, as a glaring proof of his
+awkwardness; and it immediately occurred to
+him, that a small ladder, which was close at
+hand, was a thing exactly suited to the occasion;
+but at the very moment when he became
+convinced, by actual experiment, that it
+was too short for his purpose, his ears were
+assailed by a loud repetition of the cruel
+cough, and his eyes were met by a killing
+glance from those of the miller's son.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[52]</a></span></p><p>On the following day, Thompson returned,
+much out of spirits, to London. On that day,
+too, the young miller resumed his duties at
+the mill, less out of humour than before.
+Very shortly after this the old miller died,
+and the son then took the fishery into his
+own hands; and, however closely he may
+now resemble his late grandfather (who formerly
+lived on the River Dee), in caring for
+nobody, he never, whilst Thompson lives, will
+be able to say "Nobody cares for me."</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 45%;" />
+
+<p>"So ends my Tale:" for I fear that the
+reader must think that, like Thompson, he
+has now had quite enough of "<span class="smcap">The Miseries
+of Fishing</span>." I feel, however, assured
+that he will forgive me for relating this story,
+because, although his attention may be fatigued
+by the perusal of it, his eye will be
+gratified by the beauty of several new illustrations,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[53]</a></span>
+which I owe to the kindness of my
+friends, the distinguished artists, whose names
+are printed under their welcome contributions
+to my little book.</p>
+
+<div class='sig'>
+R. P.<br />
+</div>
+
+<div>
+<i>Whitehall,</i><br />
+<i><span style="margin-left: 1em;">March, 1839.</span></i><br />
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 450px;">
+<img src="images/illus-081.png" width="450" height="286" alt="Sir Francis Chantrey, R.A." title="" />
+<span class="caption"><i>Sir Francis Chantrey, R.A.</i></span>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[55]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>MAXIMS AND HINTS<br />
+<br />
+<span class='small'>FOR A</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class='big'>CHESS PLAYER.</span></h2>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[56]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>"<i>Lorsque je veux, sans y faire semblant, me livrer
+aux m&eacute;ditations d'une douce philosophie, je vais
+&agrave; la p&ecirc;che. Ma longue exp&eacute;rience me tient en
+garde contre les inconveniens d'une mauvaise pratique;
+et je jouis de mon succ&egrave;s, qu'aucun jaloux ne
+vient troubler. Ma p&ecirc;che finie, eh bien! je rentre
+dans le mouvement de la vie, je fais ma partie
+d'&eacute;checs; je triomphe, mon sang circule; je suis
+battu, mais je me releve.</i>"&mdash;<span class="smcap">Tactique des Recreations.</span></p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[57]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>MAXIMS AND HINTS<br />
+<br />
+<span class='small'>FOR A</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class='big'>CHESS PLAYER.</span></h2>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<img src="images/illus-085.png" width="400" height="400" alt="Two men playing chess" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />I.</div>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Win</span> as often as you can, but never make
+any display of insulting joy on the occasion.
+When you cannot win&mdash;lose (though you may
+not like it) with good temper.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[58]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />II.</div>
+
+<p>If your adversary, after you have won a
+game, wishes to prove that you have done so
+in consequence of some fault of his rather
+than by your own good play, you need not
+enter into much argument on the subject,
+whilst he is explaining to the by-standers the
+mode by which he might have won the game,
+<i>but did not</i>.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />III.</div>
+
+<p>Nor need you make yourself uneasy if your
+adversary should console himself by pointing
+out a mode by which you might have won
+the game in a shorter and more masterly
+manner. Listen patiently to his explanation&mdash;it
+cannot prove that your way was not good
+enough. <i>Tous les chemins sont bons qui
+m&eacute;nent &agrave; la victoire.</i></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />IV.</div>
+
+<p>When you are playing with an opponent
+whom you feel sure that you can master, do
+not insult him by saying that you consider<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[59]</a></span>
+him a stronger player than yourself,&mdash;but that
+perhaps particular circumstances may prevent
+him from playing with his usual force
+to-day, &amp;c. &amp;c. Men usually play as well as
+they can: they are glad when they win, and
+sorry when they lose.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />V.</div>
+
+<p>Sometimes&mdash;when, alas! you have lost the
+game&mdash;an unmerciful conqueror will insist on
+"murdering Pizarro all over again," and
+glories in explaining how that your game was
+irretrievable after you had given a certain
+injudicious check with the queen,<a name="FNanchor_F_6" id="FNanchor_F_6"></a><a href="#Footnote_F_6" class="fnanchor">[F]</a> (the consequence
+of which <i>he says</i> that he immediately
+foresaw,) and that then, by a succession of
+very good moves on his part, he won easily.
+You must bear all this as well as you can,
+although it is certainly not fair to "preach'ee
+and flog'ee too."</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[60]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>VI.</p>
+
+<p>A good player seldom complains that another
+is slow. He is glad to have the opportunity
+thus afforded to him of attentively considering
+the state of the game. Do not,
+therefore, be impatient when it is your adversary's
+turn to move. Take as much time as
+you require (<i>and no more</i>) when it is your
+own turn.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />VII.</div>
+
+<p>If, whilst you are playing, your adversary
+will talk about the state of the game, it is
+very provoking, but you cannot help it, and
+the pieces will give you ample revenge, if
+you can avail yourself of their power.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />VIII.</div>
+
+<p>If the by-standers talk, it is still more
+annoying: they always claim the merit of
+having foreseen every good move which is
+made, and they sometimes express great surprise<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[61]</a></span>
+at your not making a particular move;
+which, if you had made it, would probably
+have led to your speedily losing the game&mdash;before
+which time they would have walked
+away to another table.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />IX.</div>
+
+<p>Almost every moderate player thinks himself
+fully qualified to criticise the move by
+which a game has been lost.&mdash;Although, if
+he had himself been in the loser's place, he
+would, very probably, have been check-mated
+twenty moves sooner than the opportunity occurred
+for committing the particular mistake,
+which he thinks he should have avoided.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />X.</div>
+
+<p>Amongst good players, it is considered to
+be as much an indispensable condition of the
+game, that a piece once touched must be
+moved, as that the queen is not allowed to
+have the knight's, or a rook the bishop's
+move.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[62]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XI.</div>
+
+<p>Some persons, when they are playing with
+a stranger who entreats to be allowed to take
+back a move, let him do so the first time:
+then, almost immediately afterwards, they put
+their own queen <i>en prise</i>; and when the
+mistake is politely pointed out to them, they
+say that <i>they</i> never take back a move, but
+that they are ready to begin another game.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XII.</div>
+
+<p>Do not be alarmed about the state of your
+adversary's health, when, after losing two
+or three games, he complains of having a bad
+head-ache, or of feeling very unwell. If he
+should win the next game, you will probably
+hear no more of this.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XIII.</div>
+
+<p>Never (if you can avoid it) lose a game to
+a person who rarely wins when he plays with
+you. If you do so, you may afterwards find
+that this one game has been talked of to all<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[63]</a></span>
+his friends, although he may have forgotten
+to mention ninety-nine others which had a
+different result. Chess players have a very
+retentive memory with regard to the games
+which they win.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XIV.</div>
+
+<p>If, therefore, any one should tell you that
+on a certain day last week he won a game
+from one of your friends, it may be as well
+to ask how many other games were played on
+the same day.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XV.</div>
+
+<p>There is no better way of deciding on the
+comparative skill of two players than by the
+result of a number of games. Be satisfied
+with that result, and do not attempt to reason
+upon it.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XVI.</div>
+
+<p>Remember the Italian proverb, "Never
+make a good move without first looking out
+for a better." Even if your adversary should<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[64]</a></span>
+leave his queen <i>en prise</i>, do not snap hastily
+at it. The queen is a good thing to win,
+but the game is a better.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XVII.</div>
+
+<p>Between even, and tolerably good, players
+a mere trifle frequently decides the event of
+a game; but when you have gained a small
+advantage, you must be satisfied with it for
+the time. Do not, by attempting too much,
+lose that which you have gained. Your object
+should be to win the game, and the dullest
+way of winning is better for you than the
+most brilliant of losing.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XVIII.</div>
+
+<p>If your knowledge of "the books" enables
+you to see that a person, with whom you are
+playing for the first time, opens his game
+badly, do not suppose, as a matter of course,
+that you are going to check-mate him in ten
+or twelve moves. Many moves called <i>very<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[65]</a></span>
+bad</i> are only such if well opposed; and you
+can derive but little advantage from them
+unless you are well acquainted with the system
+of crowding your adversary,&mdash;one of the
+most difficult parts of the game.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XIX.</div>
+
+<p>Some players have by study acquired
+mechanically the art of opening their game
+in a style much above their real force; but
+when they have exhausted their store of
+<i>book-knowledge</i>, they soon fall all to pieces,
+and become an easy prey to those who have
+genuine talent for the game. Others do not
+know how to open their game on scientific
+principles, and yet, if they can stagger through
+the beginning without decided loss, fight
+most nobly when there are but few pieces
+and pawns left on the board. All these
+varieties of play must be carefully studied by
+those who wish to win. It is only talent for
+the game, combined with much study and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[66]</a></span>
+great practice, which can make a truly good
+player.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XX.</div>
+
+<p>Although no degree of instruction derived
+from "books" will make a good player,
+without much practice with all sorts of opponents,
+yet, on the other hand, when you hear
+a person, who has had great practice, boast
+of never having looked into a chess-book,
+you may be sure either that he is a bad
+player, or that he is not nearly so good a
+player as he might become by attentively
+studying the laborious works which have
+been published on almost every conceivable
+opening, by such players as Ercole del Rio,
+Ponziani, Philidor, Sarratt, and Lewis.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXI.</div>
+
+<p>Between fine players, small odds (viz.
+pawn, with one, or with two moves) are of
+great consequence. Between inferior players<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[67]</a></span>
+they are of none. The value of these odds
+consists chiefly in position; and in every
+long game between weak players, such an
+advantage is gained and lost several times,
+without either party being aware of it.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXII.</div>
+
+<p>Almost all good players (<i>and some others</i>)
+have a much higher opinion of their own
+strength than it really deserves. One person
+feels sure that he is a better player than
+some particular opponent, although he cannot
+but confess that, for some unaccountable
+reason, or other, he does not always win a
+majority of games from him. Another attributes
+his failure solely to want of attention
+to details which he considers hardly to involve
+any real genius for the game; and he is
+obliged to content himself with boasting of
+having certainly, at one time, had much the
+best of a game, which he afterwards lost,
+<i>only by a mistake</i>. A third thinks that he<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[68]</a></span>
+must be a good player, because he has discovered
+almost all the many difficult check-mates
+which have been published as problems.
+He may be able to do this, and yet
+be unable to play a whole game well, it being
+much more easy to find out, at your leisure,
+the way to do that which you are told beforehand
+is practicable, than to decide, in actual
+play, whether, or not, it is prudent to make
+the attempt.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXIII.</div>
+
+<p>A theoretical amateur, with much real
+genius for the game, is often beaten by a
+fourth-rate player at a chess club, who has
+become from constant practice thoroughly
+acquainted with all the technicalities of it,
+and quietly builds up a wall for the other
+to run his head against. The loser in this
+case may <i>perhaps</i> eventually become the
+better player of the two; but he is not so at
+present.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[69]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXIV.</div>
+
+<p>A person sometimes tells you that he played
+the other day, for the first time, with Mr.
+Such-a-one, (a very celebrated player,) who
+won the game, with great difficulty, after a
+very hard fight. Your friend probably deceives
+himself greatly in supposing this to be
+the case. A player who has a reputation to
+lose, always plays very cautiously against a
+person whose strength he does not yet know:
+he runs no risks, and does not attempt to do
+more than win the game, which is all that he
+undertook to do.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXV.</div>
+
+<p>When you receive the odds of a piece from
+a better player than yourself, remember he
+sees everything which you see, and probably
+much more. Be very careful how you attack
+him. You must act in the early part of the
+game entirely on the defensive, or probably<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[70]</a></span>
+you will not live long enough to enjoy the
+advantage which has been given you. Even
+though you may still have the advantage of
+a piece more, when the game is far advanced,
+you must not feel too sure of victory. Take
+all his pawns quietly, <i>if you can</i>, and see
+your way clearly before you attempt to check-mate
+him. You will thus perhaps be longer
+about it, but winning is very agreeable work.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXVI.</div>
+
+<p>Many persons advise you, when you receive
+the odds of a rook, <i>always</i> to make
+exchanges as often as you can, in order to
+maintain the numerical superiority with which
+you began. This is very cunning; but you
+will probably find that "<i>Master is Yorkshire
+too</i>," and that he will not allow you to
+make exchanges early in the game, except
+under circumstances which lead you into a
+ruinous inferiority of position.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[71]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXVII.</div>
+
+<p>You will never improve by playing only
+with players of your own strength. In order
+to play well, you must toil through the humiliating
+task of being frequently beaten by
+those who can give you odds. These odds,
+when you have fairly mastered them, may be
+gradually diminished as your strength increases.
+Do not, however, deceive yourself
+by imagining, that if you cannot win from
+one of the <i>great players</i> when he gives you
+the odds of a rook, you would stand a better
+chance with the odds of a knight. This is a
+very common error. It is true that, when a
+knight is given, the attack made upon you is
+not so sudden and so violent, as it usually is
+when you receive a rook&mdash;but your ultimate
+defeat is much more certain. If, in the one
+case, you are quickly killed, in the other
+you will die in lingering torments.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[72]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXVIII.</div>
+
+<p>When you hear of a man from the country,
+who has beaten every body whom he has
+ever played with, do not suppose, as a matter
+of course, that he is a truly good player. He
+may be only a "Triton of the Minnows."
+All his fame depends upon the skill of the
+parties with whom he has hitherto contended;
+and provincial Philidors seldom prove to be
+very good players, when their strength is
+fairly measured at the London Chess Club,
+particularly such of them as come there with
+the reputation of having never been beaten.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXIX.</div>
+
+<p>An elderly gentleman, lately returned from
+India, is apt to suppose that his skill has
+been much impaired by the change of climate,
+or some other cause, when he finds, to his
+great surprise, that his style of play does not
+produce such an alarming effect in the Chess<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[73]</a></span>
+Clubs of London or Paris, as it used to do at
+Rumbarabad.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXX.</div>
+
+<p>When you can decidedly win, at the odds
+of a rook given by a first-rate player, you
+will rank among the chosen few. It would
+be very difficult to name twenty-five persons
+in London to whom Mr. Lewis could not
+fairly give these odds, although there are
+many hundreds who would be much offended
+at its being supposed to be possible that any
+one could give them a knight.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXXI.</div>
+
+<p>A first-rate player, who is to give large
+odds to a stranger, derives great advantage
+from seeing him first play a game, or two,
+with other persons. His style of play is
+thus shown, and the class of risks which may
+be ventured on is nicely calculated. That
+which, before, might have been difficult, thus
+becomes comparatively easy.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[74]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXXII.</div>
+
+<p>There is as much difference between playing
+a game well, by correspondence, and
+playing one well over the board, as there is
+between writing a good essay, and making a
+good speech.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXXIII.</div>
+
+<p>No advantages of person and voice will
+enable a man to become a good orator if he
+does not understand the grammatical construction
+of the language in which he speaks:
+nor will the highest degree of ingenuity make
+any man a good chess player, unless his preparations
+for the exercise of that ingenuity
+are made upon the soundest principles of the
+game.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXXIV.</div>
+
+<p>Every game perfectly played throughout
+on both sides would be by its nature drawn.
+Since, then, in matches between the most celebrated
+players and clubs of the day some of
+the games have been won and lost, it seems<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[75]</a></span>
+to follow that there <i>might</i> be better players
+than have been hitherto known to exist.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXXV.</div>
+
+<p>Most of the persons who occasionally "play
+at Chess" know little more than the moves
+and a few of the general rules of the game.
+Of those who have had more practice, some
+have acquired a partial insight into the endless
+variety of the combinations which may
+be formed, and their beautiful intricacy:&mdash;a
+few play moderately well; but, however small
+the number of good players may be, it would
+be difficult to find any one who, after having
+played a few hundred games, would not
+think it an imputation on his good sense to
+be considered a very bad player;&mdash;and this is
+the universal feeling, although it is well
+known that men of the highest attainments
+have studied Chess without great success;
+and that the most celebrated players have not
+always been men of distinguished talents.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[76]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXXVI.</div>
+
+<p>He who after much practice with fine
+players remains for a long time without taking
+his station amongst them, will find at last that
+there is a point which he cannot pass. He
+is obliged to confess his incurable inferiority
+to players of the higher order, and he must be
+content with easy victories over a large majority
+of those whom he meets with in society.</p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;">
+<img src="images/illus-104.png" width="400" height="377" alt="Not a good loser" title="" />
+</div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[77]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />CONCLUSION.</div>
+
+<p>Chess holds forth to the philosopher relaxation
+from his severer studies,&mdash;to the disappointed
+man, relief from unavailing regret,&mdash;and
+to the rich and idle, an inexhaustible
+source of amusement and occupation. It has,
+however, been frequently urged as an objection
+to the study of the game, that no man can
+pursue it, with a fair prospect of becoming
+a good player, without devoting to it much
+time and attention which might be more
+beneficially employed.</p>
+
+<p>Although it may perhaps be true in the
+abstract, that even a high degree of skill is
+not <i>per se</i> worth the time and trouble which
+it must have cost, it should be remembered
+that on this "mimic stage" of life much
+besides chess may be seen and studied with
+advantage. The real character of a man's
+mind may, almost always, be known by his
+behaviour under the varying circumstances<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[78]</a></span>
+of this most interesting game. The triumph
+of the winner, and the vexation of the loser,
+are often coarsely displayed amongst inferior
+players; and, although good players very
+rarely give way to this degrading weakness,
+still, the good breeding of some of them,
+towards the end of a difficult match, is not
+always quite perfect.</p>
+
+<p>The temper of the student cannot fail to
+derive very material benefit from the severe
+discipline to which it will be subjected.
+When he begins to play well he will find that
+he has learnt to submit patiently to contradiction;
+and that he has become convinced of
+the necessity of abandoning his most favourite
+schemes, whenever he sees that from
+a change of circumstances they can be no
+longer pursued with safety.&mdash;He will have
+felt the full value of using caution and circumspection,
+when called upon to exercise his
+judgment in cases of complicated difficulty,
+and he will have acquired the faculty of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[79]</a></span>
+fixing his undivided attention on the business
+in which he is engaged.</p>
+
+<p>If such qualities of the mind are called
+forth and strengthened in the pursuit of a
+harmless and delightful recreation, the time
+cannot have been wholly wasted, although the
+professed object of study may have been only
+the art of giving <span class="smcap">CHECK-MATE</span>.</p>
+
+<div class='sig'>
+R. P.<br />
+</div>
+
+<div>
+<i>Whitehall, March, 1839.</i><br /><br /><br />
+</div>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 350px;">
+<img src="images/illus-107.png" width="350" height="250" alt="Fishing creel" title="" />
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[81]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>MAXIMS AND HINTS<br />
+<br />
+<span class='small'>ON</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class='big'>SHOOTING</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class='small'>AND</span><br />
+<br />
+OTHER MATTERS.</h2>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[82]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class="figcenter" style="width: 370px;">
+<img src="images/illus-110.png" width="370" height="500" alt="Drawn by the late Sir Francis Chantrey, R.A." title="" />
+<span class="caption">Drawn by the late Sir Francis Chantrey, R.A.</span>
+</div>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[83]</a></span></p>
+
+<h2>MAXIMS AND HINTS<br />
+<br />
+<span class='small'>ON</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class='big'>SHOOTING,</span><br />
+<br />
+<span class='small'><i>&amp;c. &amp;c.</i></span></h2>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />I.</div>
+
+<p><span class="smcap">Let</span> the person to whose care a young dog
+is intrusted for education be furnished with
+an instrument like a short trumpet, which
+produces a few harsh and discordant notes;
+and whenever it may be necessary to correct
+the dog, in order to enforce obedience, let such
+correction be accompanied by the noise of this
+instrument rather than by "the thundering
+voice and threatening mien" usually employed
+on such occasions. When the dog's education
+has been properly completed under this
+system, although you may be comparatively a
+stranger to him on first taking him into the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[84]</a></span>
+field, you will find that by carrying with you
+a duplicate of the <i>un</i>musical instrument you
+will have his master's voice in your pocket,
+and you will be able at once to make a very
+commanding impression upon him, by sounding
+a few of the harsh and discordant tones
+which he has been taught to fear and obey.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />II.</div>
+
+<p>You must not insist upon its being admitted
+without dispute, that the man who
+made <i>your</i> gun is the best maker in London.
+This town is a very large place, and it contains
+a great many gunmakers. You must
+also remember that it "stands within the prospect
+of belief" that there may be other
+persons who think themselves as competent
+to select a good gun, and to shoot well with
+it afterwards as you are.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />III.</div>
+
+<p>In like manner, although you may prefer
+using one kind of wadding to another, or may<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[85]</a></span>
+perhaps like to wear shoes and gaiters rather
+than trousers and laced boots, you must not
+suppose that every man who takes the liberty
+of forming a different opinion from yours on
+these subjects is a mere bungler.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />IV.</div>
+
+<p>However steady your pointer may be,
+remember that he is but a dog. If you
+encourage him to run after one hare because
+it has been wounded by yourself, you must
+not be angry with him for chasing another
+which may be shot at by your friend. Canine
+flesh and blood cannot bear this.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />V.</div>
+
+<p>Although you may be a very agreeable
+gentleman, generally speaking, you will
+choose an unlucky moment for making yourself
+particularly so, if you should on some
+fine morning after breakfast volunteer to
+accompany two of your friends who are preparing<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[86]</a></span>
+to leave the house for a day's partridge-shooting
+without any expectation of
+being joined by a third person.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />VI.</div>
+
+<p>When you are obliged to walk on the left-hand
+side of a man who carries the muzzle
+of his gun too low, do not be so very polite as
+to take no notice of this dangerous habit.
+He will, perhaps, appear quite offended
+when you venture to question your perfect
+safety. But be that as it may, your position
+was so awfully unpleasant whilst you were
+constantly stared at by the eyes of a double-barrelled
+gun that your friend's looking rather
+cross at you is a matter of much less consequence.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />VII.</div>
+
+<p>When a long search amongst high turnips
+has been made, at your particular request,
+for a bird which you erroneously suppose that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[87]</a></span>
+you have brought down, and which (naturally
+enough under such circumstances) cannot be
+found, you must not say that your friend's
+retriever has a very bad nose, or fancy that
+"poor old Trigger, if he had been still alive,
+could have easily found the bird."</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />VIII.</div>
+
+<p>Should a farmer's boy come running to you
+with a partridge which he has lately picked
+up after seeing it fall in the next field, your
+companion in arms will perhaps assure you
+that this bird can be no other than that which
+<i>he</i> shot at, as you may remember, immediately
+after you had both of you passed through
+the last hedge, and which he afterwards saw
+flying very low, and very badly wounded,
+exactly in the direction which the boy has
+come from. An <i>enfant trouv&eacute;</i> like this seldom
+waits long for a father to adopt it.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[88]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />IX.</div>
+
+<p>Sometimes towards the end of a fatiguing
+day, when you feel like an overloaded gun-brig,
+labouring against a heavy sea of turnips,
+you may perchance espy a large covey of partridges
+in the act of settling near a hedge a
+long way before you. Supposing in such
+case that your brother sportsman should be
+a much younger man than yourself, and yet
+should not have also seen these birds, it is
+not always quite prudent that you should announce
+the fact to him immediately. If you
+wish to have a shot at them, you would, perhaps,
+do well to say nothing about them till
+your weary limbs have borne you unhurried
+a little nearer to the hedge in question. The
+good old rule of <i>seniores priores</i> is sometimes
+reversed in a large turnip-field.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />X.</div>
+
+<p>In the case of a double shot a gamekeeper
+never hesitates an instant in deciding whether<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[89]</a></span>
+the bird was killed by his master's gun or by
+another person's, fired at the same moment.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XI.</div>
+
+<p>When you are making your way through a
+thick wood with too large a party, it is better
+that you should be scolded by some of your
+friends because you trouble them with very
+frequent notice of your individual locality,
+than that you should be shot by any of them
+because you do not.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XII.</div>
+
+<p>On the day of a great battue, if one of the
+party (not you) should shoot much better
+than the others, and if this should by
+chance be talked of after dinner (as such
+matters sometimes are), do not say much
+about the very large number of hares and
+pheasants killed by you&mdash;on some other
+occasion.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[90]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XIII.</div>
+
+<p>When you are shooting in a wood, if
+some hungry fox, in pursuit of his prey,
+should chance to cross your path, it depends
+entirely upon the "custom of the country"
+whether you ought to kill him or not. Bob
+Short says, in his Rules for Whist, "When
+in doubt, win the trick."</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XIV.</div>
+
+<p>Never ask beforehand whether or not you
+are to shoot hares in the cover into which you
+are going, but never shoot one after you
+have been told not to do so.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XV.</div>
+
+<p>A singular species of optical delusion
+often takes place in the case of a man
+shooting at a woodcock in a thick cover.
+According to the impression said to be made
+upon the shooter's eye, the bird appears to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[91]</a></span>
+fall dead more frequently than he can afterwards
+be found&mdash;so that the truth of this
+appearance must never be relied on when
+the evidence of the bird himself cannot be
+brought forward to support it.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XVI.</div>
+
+<p>On a grand occasion you need not always
+trouble yourself to keep an account of the
+number of head killed by you, particularly if
+you do not dine with the party on that day;
+because, in your absence, the total number
+brought home may perhaps be accounted for
+after dinner, without any reference being
+made to the amount of your<a name="FNanchor_G_7" id="FNanchor_G_7"></a><a href="#Footnote_G_7" class="fnanchor">[G]</a> performances.</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[92]</a></span></p>
+
+<p>XVII.</p>
+
+<p>When you sit down (<i>horresco referens</i>) in
+a dentist's chair,<a name="FNanchor_H_8" id="FNanchor_H_8"></a><a href="#Footnote_H_8" class="fnanchor">[H]</a> in order to have your teeth
+cleaned, and point out to him, with fear and
+trembling, one of them which you think must
+be drawn;&mdash;if he should tell you that the
+tooth can be easily stopped, and may still be
+of much service to you, do not immediately
+thereupon feel quite bold and very comfortable.
+After a moment's further inspection
+he may, perhaps, add very quietly, in a kind
+of whispering soliloquy, "Here are two
+others which must be removed."</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XVIII.</div>
+
+<p>If you should stop, with a tired horse, at
+the door of the "King's Head" anywhere,
+and should say to the bowing landlord
+thereof, that, unless you can find some other
+means of pursuing your journey, you shall be<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[93]</a></span>
+obliged to have a chaise immediately, you
+must not expect to be told by him that a very
+good coach, which is going your way, will
+change horses at the "Red Lion," nearly
+opposite, in less than ten minutes. Should
+this be the real state of the case, he will feel
+that he has no time to lose; and therefore,
+instantly seizing the handle of the hostler's
+bell, and ringing a louder peal than usual, he
+will at once show you into a back parlour, for
+fear that you should see the coach before a
+chaise can be got ready for you.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XIX.</div>
+
+<p>Should it have been your fate to travel often,
+<i>more majorum</i>, on the box of a stage-coach,
+more than one coachman has probably told
+you a story, two miles long, about some mare
+so vicious and unmanageable that she had
+been rejected by every other coachman on the
+road, and that nobody but himself had ever
+been able to drive her, saying at the same<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[94]</a></span>
+time, "She is now, as you see, Sir, as quiet
+as a lamb." You must not believe all this,
+although it may perhaps be very true that the
+mare kicks sometimes, and that the man is
+not a bad coachman.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XX.</div>
+
+<p>Although our friend the coachman is supposed
+to have been so very communicative to
+you on the last occasion, he may not perhaps be
+equally so on all others: for instance, if, when
+the roads are very bad, and the coach is heavily
+laden, he should, near the end of a difficult
+stage, pull up at some turnpike, and enter
+into a long talk apparently about a bad shilling
+or a lost parcel, he is very likely not to
+explain to you and the other passengers that
+his real reason for thus stopping is because
+his horses are so much distressed that they
+would otherwise be scarcely able to reach the
+end of their ground. The conference at the
+gate is held in order to facilitate the ratification<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[95]</a></span>
+of the treaty for fresh horses to be exchanged
+in the next town.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXI.</div>
+
+<p>On arriving at the place where "the coach
+dines," walk to the nearest baker's shop, and
+there satisfy your hunger in a wholesome
+manner. At the dinner which is prepared
+for the passengers it frequently happens that
+if there should have been any cock-fighting
+in the town lately,<a name="FNanchor_I_9" id="FNanchor_I_9"></a><a href="#Footnote_I_9" class="fnanchor">[I]</a> the winner and the loser
+of the last battle appear at the top of the
+table as a couple of boiled fowls; and whenever
+there is a roast goose at the bottom, it is
+probably some old gander, who, after having
+lived for many years in the parish, is at last
+become so poor that he is obliged to be
+"taken into the house."</p>
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[96]</a></span></p>
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXII.</div>
+
+<p>If you have children, who are clever, do
+not question them too closely in company.
+Supposing, for example, that at the close of
+a social meal in the country, you should be
+sitting at table with your guests, on the eve
+of their departure from your hospitable roof:
+if, under these circumstances, some nice little
+fellow, who has lately rushed into the room,
+and is now busily employed with a bunch of
+grapes, should be called upon by you to join
+in the general expression of regret that your
+friends are to leave you to-morrow, he may
+perhaps say, "Yes, papa, we shall have no
+grapes after dinner to-morrow."</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXIII.</div>
+
+<p>If you are thought to excel in any particular
+game or sport, do not too often lead
+to it as a subject of conversation: your superiority,
+if real, will be duly felt by all your
+acquaintance, and acknowledged by some of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[97]</a></span>
+them; and you may be sure that "a word"
+in your favour from another person will add
+more to your reputation than "a whole history"
+from yourself.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXIV.</div>
+
+<p>On seeing a new invention for the first
+time, do not instantly suggest a material
+alteration of it, as if you felt quite sure that
+this sudden thought of yours must be a very
+clever one. It may be reasonably supposed
+that the inventor did not hastily build up his
+work in its present form; and it would, therefore,
+be very unkind that you should bring
+the whole broadside of your intellectual guns
+to bear upon it in a moment. Besides, after
+all, it is just possible that the thing may be
+better as it is&mdash;without your improvement.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXV.</div>
+
+<p>The great merit of an important discovery
+frequently consists in the first application of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[98]</a></span>
+some well-known principle of action to a class
+of objects to which it had not before been
+applied. When such discovery has been
+brought before the public in one instance,
+the application of the same principle to other
+nearly similar objects requires a much lower
+degree of inventive talent. A sub-inventor of
+this sort often views the result of his labour
+with all the pride of a mother, when he is
+only entitled to the praise due to an accoucheur.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXVI.</div>
+
+<p>When your friends congratulate you on
+your recovery from the effects of a serious
+accident, it is very proper that you should
+thank them sincerely for their kindness in so
+doing: but it is by no means necessary that
+you should give a very detailed description of
+all your sufferings, and of every symptom
+attending the gradual progress of your recovery;
+nor need you explain exactly what was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[99]</a></span>
+at first said by Mr. Drugger, the apothecary,
+and what was afterwards the opinion of Sir
+Astley Cooper. You had better not do this;
+although some persons think that what the
+nurse occasionally said ought not, in a case
+like theirs, to be omitted.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXVII.</div>
+
+<p>On the same principle, if you should have
+lately been robbed, and should feel disposed to
+communicate the particulars of this sad affair,
+you really must not begin your account of it
+by telling us every thing which you were
+dreaming about just before you first heard
+the noise of thieves in your house on the
+eventful night of the robbery, adding always
+in conclusion, by way of appendix to your
+copious narrative, a correct list of the articles
+stolen. If you do this too often, you must
+not be surprised if some of your hearers
+should at last be almost tempted to regret
+that when you were robbed you were not
+murdered also.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[100]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXVIII.</div>
+
+<p>If it should be mentioned in conversation
+that a celebrated mare, belonging to Mr.
+Swindle, of Newmarket, has lately trotted
+sixteen miles within the hour, in harness, do
+not think it necessary to recount the wonderful
+performances of a famous gig-horse which
+you once had.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXIX.</div>
+
+<p>After having lost several games at billiards,
+when you are playing at a gentleman's house,
+it is not polite that you should attribute your
+failure to the inaccuracies of the table.
+These sundry defects of level are less likely
+to be complained of by the winner than by
+you; and he, therefore, stands less in need of
+this caution than you do.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXX.</div>
+
+<p>When the lord of the manor is showing
+the beauties of his house and grounds to you,
+and points out a very fine row of trees for<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[101]</a></span>
+your particular admiration, make no allusion
+to the magnificence of the avenue at Wimpole;
+and if he should afterwards show to
+you one of his pictures, which he values
+highly as the work of some celebrated master,
+remember that, although you may have been
+told privately, by a good authority, that the
+picture is not really what your friend supposes
+it to be, you are not called upon to display
+your borrowed knowledge as your own,
+and to make yourself odious by endeavouring
+to convince him that he has been deceived in
+the purchase.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXXI.</div>
+
+<p>Do not bestow extravagant praise upon
+every article lately bought by you, as if you
+considered that it had acquired increased
+value from having fallen into the hands of so
+distinguished a purchaser. Other persons
+will estimate the worth of it rather by its own
+merits than by yours.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[102]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXXII.</div>
+
+<p>It is quite unnecessary that you should
+always, in order to show the extent of your
+reading, claim a previous acquaintance with
+every expression which may be referred to in
+conversation as having been used by some
+celebrated author in one of his works. It is
+much easier for another person to quote lines
+which never were written than it would be
+for you to find them.<a name="FNanchor_J_10" id="FNanchor_J_10"></a><a href="#Footnote_J_10" class="fnanchor">[J]</a></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXXIII.</div>
+
+<p>Do not consider it to be at all times your
+bounden duty to correct every mistake which
+may be made in your presence as to a name
+or an unimportant date. Some persons are
+so extremely sensitive on these points that
+they never allow the offender to escape a
+summary conviction. However interesting
+the conversation may be, they always feel justified
+in interrupting it if they can show that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[103]</a></span>
+the anecdote which they have cut short related
+to the late General A., and not to his
+brother the admiral.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXXIV.</div>
+
+<p>If one of your party should be prevailed
+upon to sing a comic song for the amusement
+of the company, he will of course do it as
+well as he can, and it would not be flattering
+to him that you should immediately afterwards
+talk about the great pleasure which
+you formerly derived from hearing the same
+song sung by Mathews, or Bannister.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXXV.</div>
+
+<p>Beware of the amiable weakness of repeatedly
+telling long stories about your late
+father or uncle. They may have been excellent
+persons, and their memory may be
+deservedly respected by you; but it does not
+therefore necessarily follow that a full account
+of everything which was said or done by either
+of these worthy men on some trivial occasion<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[104]</a></span>
+should be very interesting to other people,
+not even to such of your friends as may be
+lucky enough not to have heard it before.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXXVI.</div>
+
+<p>If you should have lately suffered any great
+reduction of income from causes over which
+you had no control, it is better that you
+should bear your misfortunes quietly than that
+you should be very extensively communicative
+to your acquaintance on the subject of your
+grievances. If, for instance, you tell them
+in confidence that you now have only 600<i>l.</i>
+a-year to live upon, such of them as have but
+500<i>l.</i> will perhaps think that you still have
+at least 100<i>l.</i> more than you ought to have.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXXVII.</div>
+
+<p>Do not think yourself an accomplished
+traveller merely because you have visited
+places where you <i>might</i> have acquired much<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[105]</a></span>
+information. Many a man has passed some
+time in a foreign town without learning more
+about the beauties of its cathedral or the
+manners and customs of its inhabitants than
+was previously known to others through the
+instructive medium of a book and pair of
+spectacles at home; and therefore although
+you may have really been at Rome, and may
+have actually seen with your own eyes both
+the Apollo Belvidere and Raphael's Transfiguration,
+you must not, on that account only,
+consider yourself qualified to take a leading
+part in every conversation on subjects connected
+with the fine arts.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXXVIII.</div>
+
+<p>Many persons who are possessed of much
+information have a tedious and unconnected
+way of imparting it. Such men are like
+dictionaries, very instructive if opened in the
+right place, but rather fatiguing to read
+throughout.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[106]</a></span></p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XXXIX.</div>
+
+<p>The foundation of good breeding is the
+absence of selfishness. By acting always on
+this principle&mdash;by showing forbearance and
+moderation in argument when you feel sure
+that you are right, and a becoming diffidence
+when you are in doubt, you will avoid many
+of the errors which other men are apt to fall
+into.</p>
+
+
+<div class='center'><br />XL.</div>
+
+<p>Artists, medical men, and engineers are
+much to be feared by those persons who
+are apt to talk a little sometimes on matters
+which they do not very well understand. If,
+reader, you are, like me, subject to this
+infirmity, mind what you are about when any
+professional men are present.</p>
+
+<div class='sig'>
+R. P.<br />
+</div>
+
+<div>
+<i>Whitehall, February, 1842.</i><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />
+</div>
+
+<div class='center'>
+<span class='small'>London: Printed by <span class="smcap">William Clowes</span> and <span class="smcap">Sons</span>, Stamford Street</span><br />
+<br /><br /></div>
+
+
+
+<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_A_1" id="Footnote_A_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_A_1"><span class="label">[A]</span></a> It was a long one, when he talked about fishing.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_B_2" id="Footnote_B_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_B_2"><span class="label">[B]</span></a> There the fish did not <i>lie</i>, but the miller did. He
+well knew that, since the letting of the fishery, his son
+had taken good care that the best of them should be gradually
+removed to Billingsgate by a more summary process
+than that of rod and line.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_C_3" id="Footnote_C_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_C_3"><span class="label">[C]</span></a> Neither did Mr. Jackson think it necessary to explain
+to the ladies, or even to his friend Thompson, that the very
+fine fish, about which he had received so many compliments,
+had been taken by fixing his landing-net at the
+mouth of one of the narrow water-courses, up which they
+had worked their way in search of minnows;&mdash;a secret
+method of ensuring good sport, well known to some few
+very cunning anglers, whose motto is
+</p>
+<div class='center'>
+"Unde habeas qu&aelig;rit Nemo, sed oportet habere."&mdash;<span class="smcap">Juv.</span><br />
+</div></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_D_4" id="Footnote_D_4"></a><a href="#FNanchor_D_4"><span class="label">[D]</span></a> I understand that Thompson has written a long letter,
+complaining of my not having given any maxim or hint
+on this important point. I beg leave here to apologise for
+the omission; and I have no hesitation in advising him,
+if he should ever put his rod together again, not to omit
+taking it to pieces as soon as he has done fishing.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_E_5" id="Footnote_E_5"></a><a href="#FNanchor_E_5"><span class="label">[E]</span></a> Piscium et summ&acirc; genus h&aelig;sit ulmo.&mdash;<span class="smcap">Hor.</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_F_6" id="Footnote_F_6"></a><a href="#FNanchor_F_6"><span class="label">[F]</span></a> <i>Infandum Regina jubes renovare dolorem.</i></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_G_7" id="Footnote_G_7"></a><a href="#FNanchor_G_7"><span class="label">[G]</span></a> Acting on this principle, I was once supposed to have
+killed a brace less than nothing, viz., I went out partridge
+shooting with two other persons. At the end of the day one
+of these said that he had killed twelve brace, and the other
+claimed eleven brace. When the birds were afterwards
+counted, the number of them was forty-four. I therefore
+conclude that the brace which was wanting must have been
+considered as my share of the day's sport.</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_H_8" id="Footnote_H_8"></a><a href="#FNanchor_H_8"><span class="label">[H]</span></a>
+<span class='poem2'><br />
+"Whose iron scourge and torturing hour<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">The bad <i>extract, and clean</i> the best."</span><br />
+</span></p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_I_9" id="Footnote_I_9"></a><a href="#FNanchor_I_9"><span class="label">[I]</span></a>
+<span class='poem2'><br />
+"Thus fell two heroes, one the pride of Thrace,<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">And one the leader of the Epeian race;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;">Death's sable shade at once o'ercast their eyes:</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 0.5em;"><i>In dish</i>, the vanquish'd and the victor lies."</span><br />
+</span></p><p>
+<i>Pope says</i>, "In dust."</p></div>
+
+<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_J_10" id="Footnote_J_10"></a><a href="#FNanchor_J_10"><span class="label">[J]</span></a> <i>e. g.</i> Vide quotation, <a href="#Page_56">p. 56.</a></p></div>
+</div>
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<div class='tnote'><h3>Transcriber's Notes:</h3>
+<p>The original text does not have a table of contents. One was created for
+this version.</p>
+<p>Obvious punctuation errors repaired.</p>
+
+<p>The remaining corrections made are indicated by dotted lines under the corrections. Scroll the mouse over the word and the original text will <ins title="Transcriber's Note: original reads 'apprear'">appear</ins>.</p></div>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
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+</body>
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Maxims and Hints on Angling, Chess,
+Shooting, and Other Matters, by Richard Penn
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Maxims and Hints on Angling, Chess, Shooting, and Other Matters
+       also, Miseries of Fishing
+
+Author: Richard Penn
+
+Release Date: July 23, 2011 [EBook #36821]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK MAXIMS AND HINTS ON ANGLING ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Mark C. Orton, Emmy and the Online Distributed
+Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net (This file was
+produced from images generously made available by The
+Internet Archive)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+MAXIMS AND HINTS
+
+ON
+
+ANGLING, CHESS, SHOOTING,
+
+AND
+
+OTHER MATTERS;
+
+ALSO,
+
+MISERIES OF FISHING.
+
+With Wood-Cuts.
+
+BY RICHARD PENN, Esq., F.R.S.
+
+
+_A NEW EDITION, ENLARGED._
+
+
+        LONDON:
+        JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET.
+
+        MDCCCXLII.
+
+
+
+
+        LONDON:
+        Printed by WILLIAM CLOWES and SONS,
+        Stamford Street.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+
+  Maxims and Hints for an Angler                     1
+  Miseries of Fishing                               25
+  Maxims and Hints for a Chess Player               55
+  Maxims and Hints on Shooting and Other Matters    81
+
+
+
+
+THE FOLLOWING EXTRACTS
+
+FROM THE
+
+Common-Place-Book
+
+OF THE
+
+HOUGHTON FISHING CLUB
+
+ARE RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED
+
+TO HIS
+
+BROTHER ANGLERS
+
+BY A
+
+MEMBER OF THE CLUB.
+
+          LONDON,
+        _March, 1833._
+
+
+
+
+MAXIMS AND HINTS
+
+FOR
+
+AN ANGLER.
+
+        "You see the ways the fisherman doth take
+        "To catch the fish; what engines doth he make?
+        "Behold! how he engageth all his wits,
+        "Also his snares, lines, angles, hooks, and nets:
+        "Yet fish there be, that neither hook nor line,
+        "Nor snare, nor net, nor engine can make thine;
+        "They must be groped for, and be tickled too,
+        "Or they will not be catch'd, whate'er you do."
+                                            JOHN BUNYAN
+
+
+
+
+MAXIMS AND HINTS
+
+FOR
+
+AN ANGLER:
+
+BY
+
+A BUNGLER.
+
+[Loosely thrown out, in order to provoke contradiction, and elicit truth
+from the expert.]
+
+
+I.
+
+ARE there any fish in the river to which you are going?
+
+
+II.
+
+Having settled the above question in the affirmative, get some person
+who knows the water to show you whereabout the fish usually lie; and
+when he shows them to you, do not show yourself to them.
+
+
+III.
+
+Comparatively coarse fishing will succeed better when you are not seen
+by the fish, than the finest when they see you.
+
+
+IV.
+
+Do not imagine that, because a fish does not instantly dart off on first
+seeing you, he is the less aware of your presence; he almost always on
+such occasions ceases to feed, and pays you the compliment of devoting
+his whole attention to you, whilst he is preparing for a start whenever
+the apprehended danger becomes sufficiently imminent.
+
+
+V.
+
+By wading when the sun does not shine, you may walk in the river within
+eighteen or twenty yards below a fish, which would be immediately driven
+away by your walking on the bank on either side, though at a greater
+distance from him.
+
+
+VI.
+
+When you are fishing with the natural May-fly, it is as well to wait for
+a passing cloud, as to drive away the fish by putting your fly to him in
+the glare of the sunshine, when he will not take it.
+
+
+VII.
+
+If you pass your fly neatly and well three times over a trout, and he
+refuses it, do not wait any longer for him: you may be sure that he has
+seen the line of invitation which you have sent over the water to him,
+and does not intend to come.
+
+
+VIII.
+
+If your line be nearly _taut_, as it ought to be, with little or no gut
+in the water, a good fish will always hook himself, on your gently
+raising the top of the rod when he has taken the fly.
+
+[Illustration: "Whence he is to be instantly whipt out by an expert
+assistant, furnished," &c.
+
+To face page 6.]
+
+
+IX.
+
+If you are above a fish in the stream when you hook him, get below him
+as soon as you can; and remember that if you pull him, but for an
+instant, against the stream, he will, if a heavy fish, break his hold;
+or if he should be firmly hooked, you will probably find that the united
+strength of the stream and fish is too much for your skill and tackle.
+
+
+X.
+
+I do not think that a fish has much power of stopping himself if,
+immediately on being hooked, he is moved slowly with the current, under
+the attractive influence of your rod and line. He will soon find that a
+forced march of this sort is very fatiguing, and he may then be brought,
+by a well-regulated exercise of gentle violence, to the bank, from
+whence he is to be instantly whipt out by an expert assistant, furnished
+with a landing-net, the ring of which ought not to be of a less
+diameter than eighteen inches, the handle of it being seven feet long.
+
+
+XI.
+
+If, after hooking a trout, you allow him to remain stationary but for a
+moment, he will have time to put his helm hard a-port or a-starboard,
+and to offer some resistance. Strong tackle now becomes useful.
+
+
+XII.
+
+Bear always in mind that no tackle is strong enough, unless well
+handled. A good fisherman will easily kill a trout of three pounds with
+a rod and a line which are not strong enough to lift a dead weight of
+one pound from the floor, and place it on the table.
+
+
+XIII.
+
+Remember that, in whipping with the artificial fly, it must have time,
+when you have drawn it out of the water, to make the whole circuit, and
+to be at one time straight behind you, before it can be driven out
+straight before you. If you give it the forward impulse too soon, you
+will hear a crack. Take this as a hint that your fly is gone to grass.
+
+
+XIV.
+
+Never throw with a long line when a short one will answer your purpose.
+The most difficult fish to hook is one which is rising at three-fourths
+of the utmost distance to which you can throw. Even when you are at the
+extent of your distance, you have a better chance; because in this case,
+when you do reach him, your line will be straight, and, when you do not,
+the intermediate failures will not alarm him.
+
+
+XV.
+
+It appears to me that, in whipping with an artificial fly, there are
+only two cases in which a fish taking the fly will infallibly hook
+himself without your assistance, viz.
+
+1. When your fly first touches the water at the end of a straight line.
+
+2. When you are drawing out your fly for a new throw.
+
+In all other cases it is necessary that, in order to hook him when he
+has taken the fly, you should do something with your wrist which it is
+not easy to describe.
+
+
+XVI.
+
+If your line should fall loose and wavy into the water, it will either
+frighten away the fish, or he will take the fly into his mouth without
+fastening himself; and when he finds that it does not answer his
+purpose, he will spit it out again, before it has answered yours.
+
+
+XVII.
+
+Although the question of fishing up or down the stream is usually
+settled by the direction of the wind, you may sometimes have the
+option; and it is, therefore, as well to say a word or two on both
+sides.
+
+1. If, when you are fishing down-stream, you take a step or two with
+each successive throw, your fly is always travelling over new water,
+which cannot have been disturbed by the passing of your line.
+
+
+2. When you are fishing up-stream, you may lose the advantage of raising
+so many fish; but, on the other hand, you will have a better chance of
+hooking those which rise at your fly, because the darting forward of a
+fish seizing it has a tendency to tighten your line, and produce the
+desired effect.
+
+
+3. If you are in the habit of sometimes catching a fish, there is
+another great advantage in fishing up-stream, viz. whilst you are
+playing and leading (necessarily down-stream) the fish which you have
+hooked, you do not alarm the others which are above you, waiting till
+their turn comes.
+
+
+XVIII.
+
+The learned are much divided in opinion as to the propriety of whipping
+with two flies or with one. I am humbly of opinion that your chance of
+hooking fish is much increased by your using two flies; but I think
+that, by using only one, you increase your chance of landing the fish.
+
+
+XIX.
+
+When you are using two flies, you can easily find the bob-fly on the top
+of the water, and thus be sure that the end-fly is not far off. When you
+are using only one fly, you cannot so easily see where the fly is; but I
+think that you can make a better guess as to where the fish is likely to
+be after you have hooked him.
+
+
+XX.
+
+Also, when you are using two flies, you may sometimes catch a fish with
+one of them, and a weed growing in the river with the other. When such a
+_liaison_ is once formed, you will find it difficult, with all your
+attractions, to overcome the strong attachment of the fish to your
+worthless rival the weed.
+
+
+XXI.
+
+If the weed will not give way in the awkward juncture above alluded to,
+you must proceed to extremities. "Then comes the tug of war;" and your
+line is quite as likely to break between you and the fish, as between
+the fish and the weed.
+
+
+XXII.
+
+When, during the season of the May-fly, your friends, the gentlemen from
+London, say that they "have scarcely seen a fish rise all day," do not
+too hastily conclude that the fish have not been feeding on the fly.
+
+[Illustration: "You will find it difficult, with all your attractions,
+to overcome the strong attachment," &c.
+
+To face page 12.]
+
+
+XXIII.
+
+The only "rising" which is seen by the unlearned is the splash which is
+made by a fish when he darts from a considerable depth in the water to
+catch an occasional fly on the surface. There is, however, another sort
+of "rising," which is better worth the skilful angler's attention, viz.
+
+
+XXIV.
+
+When a fish is seriously feeding on the fly, he stations himself at no
+greater depth than his own length, and, making his tail the hinge of his
+motions, he gently raises his mouth to the top of the water, and quietly
+sucks in the fly attempting to pass over him. A rising of this sort is
+not easily seen, but it is worth looking for; because, although a fish
+feeding in this manner will rarely go many inches on either side for a
+fly, he will as rarely refuse to take one which comes (without any gut
+in the water) directly to him.
+
+
+XXV.
+
+If your fly (gut unfortunately included) should swim over a fish without
+his taking it, look out well for a darting line of undulation, which
+betokens his immediate departure; and remember, that it is of no use to
+continue fishing for him after he is gone.
+
+
+XXVI.
+
+The stations chosen by fish for feeding are those which are likely to
+afford them good sport in catching flies, viz.
+
+1. The mouths of ditches running into the river.
+
+2. The confluence of two branches of a stream, which has been divided by
+a patch of weeds.
+
+3. That part of a stream which has been narrowed by two such patches.
+
+4. Fish are also to be found under the bank opposite to the wind, where
+they are waiting for the flies which are blown against that bank, and
+fall into the river.
+
+
+XXVII.
+
+If, during your walks by the river-side, you have marked any good fish,
+it is fair to presume that other persons have marked them also. Suppose
+the case of two well-known fish, one of them (which I will call A.)
+lying above a certain bridge, the other (which I will call B.) lying
+below the bridge. Suppose further that you have just caught B., and that
+some curious and cunning friend should say to you in a careless way,
+"Where did you take that fine fish?" a finished fisherman would advise
+you to tell your inquiring friend that you had taken your fish just
+_above_ the bridge, describing, as the scene of action, the spot which,
+in truth, you know to be still occupied by the other fish, A. Your
+friend would then fish no more for A., supposing that to be the fish
+which you have caught; and whilst he innocently resumes his operations
+below the bridge, where he falsely imagines B. still to be, A. is left
+quietly for you, if you can catch him.
+
+
+XXVIII.
+
+When you see a large fish rising so greedily in the middle of a sharp
+stream, that you feel almost sure of his instantly taking your May-fly,
+I would advise you to make an accurate survey of all obstructions in the
+immediate neighbourhood of your feet--of any ditch which may be close
+behind you--or of any narrow plank, amidst high rushes, which you may
+shortly have to walk over in a hurry. If you should hook the fish, a
+knowledge of these interesting localities will be very useful to you.
+
+
+XXIX.
+
+When your water-proof boots are wet through, make a hole or two near the
+bottom of them, in order that the water, which runs in whilst you are
+walking in the river, may run freely out again whilst you are walking
+on the bank. You will thus avoid an accompaniment of pumping-music,
+which is not agreeable.
+
+
+XXX.
+
+Never mind what they of the old school say about "playing him till he is
+tired." Much valuable time and many a good fish may be lost by this
+antiquated proceeding. Put him into your basket _as soon as you can_.
+Everything depends on the manner in which you commence your acquaintance
+with him. If you can at first prevail upon him to go a little way down
+the stream with you, you will have no difficulty afterwards in
+persuading him to let you have the pleasure of seeing him at dinner.
+
+
+XXXI.
+
+Do not be afraid of filling your pockets too full when you go out; you
+are more likely to leave something behind you than to take too much. A
+man who seldom catches a fish at any other time, usually gets hold of
+one (and loses him of course) whilst his attendant is gone back for
+something which had been forgotten.
+
+
+XXXII.
+
+If your attendant is a handy fellow at landing a fish, let him do it in
+his own way: if he is not, try to find a better man, or go home.
+Although so much depends upon his skill, you will rarely derive much
+comfort from asking him for his opinion. If you have had bad sport, and
+say to him, "Which way shall we go now?" he will most probably say,
+"Where you please, sir." If you ask him what he thinks of the weather,
+he is very likely to say that last week (_when you were in London_) it
+was "famous weather for fishing;" or he will perhaps say, that he
+expects that next week (_when you are to be at home again_) it will be
+very good. I never knew one of these men who was satisfied with the
+present hour.
+
+
+XXXIII.
+
+Do not leave off fishing early in the evening because your friends are
+tired. After a bright day, the largest fish are to be caught by whipping
+between sunset and dark. Even, however, in these precious moments, you
+will not have good sport if you continue throwing after you have whipped
+your fly off. Pay attention to this; and if you have any doubt after
+dusk, you may easily ascertain the point, by drawing the end of the line
+quickly through your hand,--particularly if you do not wear gloves.
+
+
+XXXIV.
+
+No attempt is here made to give directions as to the best seasons for
+cutting the woods which are fittest for the making of rods, or as to the
+mode of preparing them; because the worst rod which is kept for sale at
+the present day is probably as good as the best of the first few dozen
+which any amateur is likely to make for himself.
+
+
+XXXV.
+
+Lastly--When you have got hold of a good fish, which is not very
+tractable, if you are married, gentle reader, think of your wife, who,
+like the fish, is united to you by very tender ties, which can only end
+with her death, or her going into weeds. If you are single, the loss of
+the fish, when you thought the prize your own, may remind you of some
+more serious disappointment.
+
+                                                            R. P.
+
+  _Rod Cottage, River Side,
+      31st May, 1829._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+
+
+POSTSCRIPT.
+
+
+I FORGOT to say, that, if a friend should invite you to his house,
+saying that he will give you "an excellent day's fishing," you ought not
+to doubt his kind intention, but you certainly ought not to feel very
+sure that you will have good sport. Provide yourself for such a visit
+with everything which you may want, as if you were going into an
+uninhabited country. Above all things, take a landing-net with you. Your
+friend's (if he has one) is probably torn and without a handle, being a
+sort of reticulated shovel for taking fish out of the well of a punt.
+Take warning from the following story:--
+
+Mr. Jackson and Mr. Thompson went last week to the house of Mr. Jenkins,
+for a few days' fishing. They were received with the utmost kindness
+and hospitality by Mr. and Mrs. Jenkins, and on the following morning
+after breakfast, the gardener (who was on that day called the fisherman)
+was desired to attend them to the river. Thompson, who had a landing-net
+of his own, begged to have a boy to carry it. Jack was immediately sent
+for, and he appeared in _top_ boots, with a livery hat and waistcoat.
+
+Arrived at the water-side, Thompson gave his gnat-basket to the boy, and
+told him to go on the other side of the river, and look on the grass for
+a few May-flies. Jack said that he did not exactly know what May-flies
+were, and that the river could not be crossed without going over a
+bridge a mile off. Thompson is a patient man, so he began to fish with
+his landing-net for a few May-flies, and after he had necessarily
+frightened away many fish, he succeeded in catching six or seven
+May-flies.
+
+[Illustration: The boy exclaiming, "Damn 'un, I miss'd 'un," instantly
+threw a second brick-bat.
+
+To face page 23.]
+
+Working one of them with the blowing-line much to his own
+satisfaction, and thinking to extract a compliment from his attendant,
+he said, "They do not often fish here in this way--do they?" "No," said
+the boy, "they drags wi' a net; they did zo the day afore yesterday."
+
+Our angler, after much patient fishing, hooked a fine trout; and having
+brought him carefully to the bank, he said, "Now, my lad, don't be in a
+hurry, but get him out as soon as you can." Jack ran to the water's
+edge, threw down the net, and seizing the line with both hands, of
+course broke it immediately.
+
+Nothing daunted, Thompson now mended his tackle and went on fishing; and
+when he thought, "good easy man," that the very moment for hooking
+another trout was arrived, there was a great splash just above his
+fly;--and the boy exclaiming, "Damn un, I miss'd un," instantly threw a
+second brick-bat at a rat which was crossing the river.
+
+Mine host, in order to accommodate his friends, dined early; and when
+they went after dinner to enjoy the evening fishing, they found that the
+miller had turned off the water, and that the river was nearly dry,--so
+they went back to tea.
+
+                                                            R. P.
+
+[Illustration: _F. R. Lee, Esq., R.A._]
+
+
+
+
+MISERIES OF FISHING.
+
+
+"_Quaeque ipse miserrima vidi._"
+
+
+
+
+MISERIES OF FISHING.
+
+
+I.
+
+MAKING a great improvement in a receipt which a friend had given you for
+staining gut--and finding that you have produced exactly the colour
+which you wanted, but that the dye has made all your bottoms quite
+rotten.
+
+
+II.
+
+Suddenly putting up your hand to save your hat in a high wind, and
+grasping a number of artificial flies, which you had pinned round it,
+without any intention of taking hold of more than one at a time.
+
+
+III.
+
+Leading a large fish down-stream and arriving at a ditch, the width of
+which is evident, although the depth of it may be a matter of some
+doubt. Having thus to decide very quickly whether you will lose the fish
+and half your tackle, or run the risk of going up to your neck in mud.
+Perhaps both.
+
+
+IV.
+
+Feeling rather unsteady whilst you are walking on a windy day over an
+old foot-bridge, and having occasion to regret the decayed state of the
+hand-rail, which once protected the passing fisherman.
+
+
+V.
+
+Fishing for the first time with flies of your own making--and finding
+that they are quite as good as any which you can buy, except that the
+hooks are not so firmly tied to the gut.
+
+
+VI.
+
+Taking out with you as your aide-de-camp an unsophisticated lad from the
+neighbouring village, who laughs at you when you miss hooking a fish
+rising at a fly, and says with a grin. "You can't vasten 'em as my
+vather does."
+
+[Illustration: "And having occasion to regret the decayed state of the
+hand-rail," &c.
+
+To face page 28.]
+
+
+VII.
+
+Making the very throw which you feel sure will at last enable you to
+reach a fish that is rising at some distance--and seeing the upper half
+of your rod go into the middle of the river. When you have towed it
+ashore, finding that it has broken off close to the ferule, which is
+immoveably fixed in the lower half of your rod.
+
+
+VIII.
+
+Feeling the first cold drop giving notice to your great toe that in less
+than two minutes your boot will be full of water.
+
+
+IX.
+
+Going out on a morning so fine that no man would think of taking his
+water-proof cloak with him--and then, before catching any fish, being
+thoroughly wet through by an unexpected shower.
+
+
+X.
+
+When you cannot catch any fish--being told by your attendant of the
+excellent sport which your predecessor had on the same spot, only a few
+days before.
+
+
+XI.
+
+Having brought with you from town a large assortment of expensive
+artificial flies--and being told on showing them to an experienced
+native, that "They are certainly very beautiful, but that none of them
+are of any use here."
+
+
+XII.
+
+After trying in vain to reach a trout which is rising on the opposite
+side of the river--at last walking on; and before you have gone 100
+yards, looking back, and seeing a more skilful friend catch him at the
+first throw.--Weight 3 lbs. 2 oz.
+
+[Illustration: "Looking back, and seeing a more skilful friend catch him
+at the first throw."
+
+To face page 30.]
+
+
+XIII.
+
+Having stupidly trodden on the top of your rod--and then finding that
+the spare top, which you have brought out with you in the butt, belongs
+to the rod which you have left at home, and will not fit that which you
+are using.
+
+
+XIV.
+
+Having steered safely through some very dangerous weeds a fish which you
+consider to weigh at least 3 lbs., and having brought him safely to the
+very edge of the bank,--then seeing him, when he is all but in the
+landing-net, make a plunge, which in a moment renders all your previous
+skill of no avail, and puts it out of your power to verify the accuracy
+of your calculations as to his weight.
+
+
+XV.
+
+Fishing with the blowing-line when the wind is so light that your fly is
+seldom more than two yards from you, or when the wind is so strong that
+it always carries your fly up into the air, before it comes to the spot
+which you wish it to swim over.
+
+
+XVI.
+
+Wishing to show off before a young friend whom you have been learnedly
+instructing in the mysteries of the art, and finding that you cannot
+catch any fish yourself, whilst he (an inexperienced hand) hooks and
+lands (by mere accident of course) a very large one.
+
+
+XVII.
+
+Attempting to walk across the river in a new place without knowing
+exactly whereabouts certain holes, which you have heard of, are. Probing
+the bottom in front of you with the handle of your landing-net,--and
+finding it very soft.
+
+[Illustration: "Probing the bottom in front of you with the handle of
+your landing-net."
+
+To face page 32.]
+
+
+XVIII.
+
+Going some distance for three days' fishing, on the two first of which
+there is bright sunshine and no wind, and then finding that the third,
+which opens with "a southerly wind and a cloudy sky," is the day which a
+neighbouring farmer has fixed upon for washing two hundred sheep on the
+shallow where you expected to have the best sport.
+
+
+XIX.
+
+Being allowed to have one day's fishing in a stream, the windings of
+which are so many, that it would require half a dozen different winds to
+enable you to fish the greater part of it, from the only side to which
+your leave extends.
+
+
+XX.
+
+Finding, on taking your book out of your pocket, that the fly at the end
+of your line is not the only one by many dozen which you have had in
+the water, whilst you have been wading rather too deep.
+
+
+XXI.
+
+Wading half an inch deeper than the tops of your boots, and finding
+afterwards that you must carry about with you four or five quarts in
+each, or must sit down on the wet grass whilst your attendant pulls them
+off, in order that you may empty them, and try to pull them on again.
+
+
+XXII.
+
+Jumping out of bed very early every morning, during the season of the
+May-fly, to look at a weathercock opposite to your window, and always
+finding the wind either in the north or east.
+
+[Illustration: "You must sit down on the wet grass whilst your attendant
+pulls them off, in order," &c.
+
+To face page 34.]
+
+
+XXIII.
+
+Having just hooked a heavy fish, when you are using the blowing-line,
+and seeing the silk break about two feet above your hand; then
+watching the broken end as it travels quickly through each successive
+ring, till it finally leaves the top of your rod, and follows the fish
+to the bottom of the river.
+
+
+XXIV.
+
+Receiving a very elegant new rod from London, and being told by one of
+the most skilful of your brother anglers, that it is so stiff,--and by
+another, that it is so pliant, that it is not possible for any man to
+throw a fly properly with it.
+
+
+XXV.
+
+Being obliged to listen to a long story about the difficulties which one
+of your friends had to encounter in landing a very fine trout which has
+just been placed on the table for dinner, when you have no story of the
+same sort to tell in return.
+
+
+XXVI.
+
+Hooking a large trout, and then turning the handle of your reel the
+wrong way; thus producing an effect diametrically opposite to that of
+shortening your line, and making the fish more unmanageable than before.
+
+
+XXVII.
+
+Arriving just before sunset at a shallow, where the fish are rising
+beautifully, and finding that they are all about to be immediately
+driven away by five-and-twenty cows, which are preparing to walk very
+leisurely across the river in open files.
+
+
+XXVIII.
+
+Coming to an ugly ditch in your way across a water-meadow late in the
+day, when you are too tired to jump, and being obliged to walk half a
+mile in search of a place where you think you can step over it.
+
+[Illustration: "Finding that they are all about to be immediately driven
+away by five-and-twenty cows."
+
+To face page 36.]
+
+
+XXIX.
+
+Flattering yourself that you had brought home the largest fish of the
+day, and then finding that two of your party have each of them caught a
+trout more than half a pound heavier than yours.
+
+
+XXX.
+
+Finding yourself reduced to the necessity of talking about the beautiful
+form and colour of some trout, which you have caught, being well aware
+that in the important particular of _weight_, they are much inferior to
+several of those taken on the same day by one of your companions.
+
+
+XXXI.
+
+Telling a long story after dinner, tending to show (with full
+particulars of time and place) how that, under very difficult
+circumstances, and notwithstanding very great skill on your part, your
+tackle had been that morning broken and carried away by a very large
+fish; and then having the identical fly, lost by you on that occasion,
+returned to you by one of your party, who found it in the mouth of a
+trout, caught by him, about an hour after your disaster, on the very
+spot so accurately described by you--the said very large fish being,
+after all, a very small one.
+
+
+XXXII.
+
+Arriving at a friend's house in the country, one very cold evening in
+March, and being told by his keeper that there are a great many large
+pike in the water, and that you are sure of having good sport on the
+following day; and then looking out of your bed-room window the next
+morning, and seeing two unhappy swans dancing an awkward sort of minuet
+on the ice, the surface of the lake having been completely frozen during
+the night.
+
+                                                            R. P.
+
+  LONDON,
+    _March, 1833._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+[Illustration: _F. R. Lee, Esq., R.A._]
+
+
+
+
+MORE MISERIES.
+
+(Continuation of Story from page 24.)
+
+
+ON a subsequent occasion our honest anglers repeated their visit to Mr.
+Jenkins, who, with the view of making himself more agreeable to his
+guests, had, in the meantime, agreed to pay an annual rent to the
+miller, for the exclusive right of fishing in some water belonging to
+the mill, which was said to contain the largest fish in the river.
+
+Now, this miller had a son, who, whilst he followed his father's daily
+occupation of preparing matter for the _loaves_, sometimes thought of
+the _fishes_ too; and he was better known in the neighbourhood for his
+great skill in fishing, than for any unusual acquaintance with the
+mysteries of grinding. He had frequently used much argument and entreaty
+to dissuade his father from letting the fishery; but the prudent old
+miller thought that L15 per annum, to be paid by Mr. Jenkins, would be
+more profitable to him, than any pleasure which his son might derive
+from catching many fine brace of trout during the season.
+
+[Illustration: "He now sallied forth, not 'equal to both,' but 'armed
+for either field.'"
+
+To face page 43.]
+
+Such was the state of affairs in this part of the world, when Mr.
+Jackson and Mr. Thompson arrived early one morning, by special
+invitation, to make a first trial of their skill in the new water. The
+usual conversation about the state of the weather was quickly despatched
+at breakfast. The wind was, for once, pronounced to be in the right
+quarter. It was unanimously agreed that there could not well be a more
+favourable day for fishing, and that, therefore, the gentlemen ought to
+lose no time in going down to the river. Our old friend, Thompson, who,
+as we have already seen, was not always very successful with a fly, had
+lately, in order that he might have two strings to his bow[A], been
+learning another branch of the gentle art, called "Spinning a minnow;"
+and he now sallied forth, not "equal to both," but "armed for either
+field," and walked with a confident step to a celebrated spot below the
+mill. This new acquirement had been kept a profound secret from Jackson,
+who went out, as usual, fly-fishing, and proceeded to a part of the
+stream above the mill.
+
+It was not to be expected that the young miller would work cheerfully at
+the mill that morning. He felt that, although he had been cruelly
+deprived of the fishery by his father, he surely had a right to _look_
+at the gentlemen if he pleased; he therefore put on his dusty hat and
+walked, in a surly mood, to the river side,--taking with him, as the
+companion of his sorrows, a ragged little boy, who had often witnessed
+his exploits with envy and admiration, and occasionally imitated his
+great example in a very humble manner by fishing for gudgeons in the
+canal.
+
+The youth and the boy found Thompson so busily engaged in arranging his
+new spinning-tackle, that he did not perceive that they had established
+themselves within a few yards of him. There he stood upon the bank,
+deeply impressed with the value of some excellent instructions which he
+had lately received for his guidance, and fully sensible of the vast
+superiority over Jackson which he now possessed. Having at last settled
+every preliminary to his entire satisfaction, he was just about to cast
+in his minnow for the first time, when the miller attracted Thompson's
+notice by that peculiar sort of short cough which is a relief to
+suppressed insolence, and acts as a safety-valve to prevent explosion.
+
+Poor Thompson! He did not feel quite qualified for a performance of the
+kind before a critic so well able to judge, and so little disposed to
+admire; but he considered that it would be _infra dig._ to appear
+disconcerted by the young miller's presence,--so he assumed a look of
+defiance, and manfully commenced operations.
+
+After one or two bad throws, and sundry awkward attempts at improvement,
+a fine trout (_mirabile dictu!_) darted from under the bank and seized
+his minnow. "Who cares for the miller now?" thought Thompson; but, alas!
+the happy thought passed through his mind--
+
+        "Too like the lightning, which doth cease to be
+         Ere one can say--It lightens."
+
+He unfortunately (vide Maxim IX.) held the fish a little too hard
+against the stream, and pulled him so very triumphantly, that the
+thrilling sensation of tugging pressure on the rod suddenly ceased, and
+the hookless end of the broken line flew into the air!!
+
+At this awful crisis the young miller's cough became very troublesome,
+and the boy coolly called out to him--
+
+"_I say, Jack!--I'll lay a penny that wouldn't ha' happened if you had
+had hold on 'im!!!_"
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Long before Thompson had recovered from the effects of this sad
+disaster, Jenkins came up to him to announce that luncheon was ready.
+Overwhelming our poor sufferer with a torrent of well-meant condolence,
+he said--
+
+"Well, Thompson!
+
+"What! no sport?
+
+"That _is_ unlucky!
+
+"I am very anxious that _you_ should catch a good fish. _Jackson_ has
+just caught a brace of very fine ones!
+
+"This is exactly the spot where I expected that you would have the best
+sport!
+
+[Illustration: "I'll lay a penny that wouldn't ha' happened if _you_ had
+hold on 'im!!"
+
+To face page 46.]
+
+"The miller tells me that the largest fish lie there[B], near that
+broken post under the opposite bank. Pray cast your minnow close to
+that, and you will be sure to run a fish almost immediately."
+
+Jenkins little knew what he was asking. The aforesaid post was at a
+formidable distance,--it could only be reached by a most skilful hand.
+Thompson felt by no means disposed to attempt it, because, although
+Jenkins appeared to think that it would be an easy task for so finished
+an angler as Thompson, he himself had no doubt that the odious miller,
+who was still looking on, was of a very different opinion. He therefore
+thought that it would be wise to leave the question undetermined, and
+not to give a _casting_ vote on the occasion.
+
+And now Thompson, turning his back on the river, walked home arm-in-arm
+with his friend Mr. Jenkins, grieving much about the fish which he had
+lost, and perhaps a little about those which Jackson had caught.
+
+The brace of very fine trout, said to have been caught by Mr. Jackson,
+were exhibited by him in due form to Mr. Thompson and the ladies, just
+before luncheon. Whilst he was pointing out the beautiful condition of
+the fish, without at all underrating their weight, Miss Smith, who was
+staying on a visit with her sister, Mrs. Jenkins, pleasantly remarked
+that Mr. Jackson was very _lucky_ to have caught two such fine fish
+whilst Mr. Thompson had not caught any. This led to an interesting
+conversation about the caprice of the fickle goddess, so often alluded
+to in the lamentations of an unsuccessful angler. Thompson took no part
+in the discussion, and he did not refer them to the miller or the little
+boy for any other explanation[C] of the cause of his failure; but he
+begged that they would allow him to eat his luncheon, without waiting
+for the rest of the party, as he was anxious to return as soon as
+possible to the river, where he expected to have great sport in the
+evening.
+
+[Illustration: _Geo. Jones, Esq. R.A._
+
+"He begged that they would allow him to eat his luncheon without waiting
+for the rest of the party."
+
+To face page 49.]
+
+After luncheon, our unfortunate hero did not catch any fish, and he
+found that he could not throw his minnow within several yards of the
+far-famed post, even when he was not annoyed by spectators. He
+contrived, however, to get fast hold of another, at a much less distance
+from him; in consequence of which, he was obliged to abandon a second
+set of his best minnow tackle (price 2_s._ 6_d._) to its fate in the
+middle of the river.
+
+[Illustration: "His ears were assailed by a loud repetition of the cruel
+cough."
+
+To face page 51.]
+
+At the end of _his day's sport_, Thompson omitted to use the wise
+precaution of taking his rod to pieces[D], before leaving the river
+side. On his way homewards, in the evening, he met the little boy, who
+slily asked him if he had had good sport _since_. This brought to his
+recollection the fact of his having to pass through the mill, in order
+to cross the river; and the prospect of his being asked a similar
+question by the miller was not agreeable. When he arrived at the mill,
+all was quiet; and he, therefore, flattered himself that the miller was
+comfortably enjoying his pipe at the ale-house.--Thompson was now so
+elated at the idea of passing through unobserved, that he quite forgot
+the exalted state of his rod, until he was reminded of it by a sudden
+jerk which broke off the top, leaving his third and last set of tackle,
+with a brilliant artificial minnow, sticking fast in a projecting
+rafter[E] above his reach. Hastily shoving the broken joint (Thompson
+never swears) into the butt of his rod, he hoped that he should be able
+to conceal all knowledge of this last misfortune. He, however, felt very
+unwilling that the shining little minnow should remain in its present
+position, as a glaring proof of his awkwardness; and it immediately
+occurred to him, that a small ladder, which was close at hand, was a
+thing exactly suited to the occasion; but at the very moment when he
+became convinced, by actual experiment, that it was too short for his
+purpose, his ears were assailed by a loud repetition of the cruel cough,
+and his eyes were met by a killing glance from those of the miller's
+son.
+
+On the following day, Thompson returned, much out of spirits, to
+London. On that day, too, the young miller resumed his duties at the
+mill, less out of humour than before. Very shortly after this the old
+miller died, and the son then took the fishery into his own hands; and,
+however closely he may now resemble his late grandfather (who formerly
+lived on the River Dee), in caring for nobody, he never, whilst Thompson
+lives, will be able to say "Nobody cares for me."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+"So ends my Tale:" for I fear that the reader must think that, like
+Thompson, he has now had quite enough of "THE MISERIES OF FISHING." I
+feel, however, assured that he will forgive me for relating this story,
+because, although his attention may be fatigued by the perusal of it,
+his eye will be gratified by the beauty of several new illustrations,
+which I owe to the kindness of my friends, the distinguished artists,
+whose names are printed under their welcome contributions to my little
+book.
+
+                                                            R. P.
+
+  _Whitehall,
+    March, 1839._
+
+[Illustration: _Sir Francis Chantrey, R.A._]
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[A] It was a long one, when he talked about fishing.
+
+[B] There the fish did not _lie_, but the miller did. He well knew that,
+since the letting of the fishery, his son had taken good care that the
+best of them should be gradually removed to Billingsgate by a more
+summary process than that of rod and line.
+
+[C] Neither did Mr. Jackson think it necessary to explain to the ladies,
+or even to his friend Thompson, that the very fine fish, about which he
+had received so many compliments, had been taken by fixing his
+landing-net at the mouth of one of the narrow water-courses, up which
+they had worked their way in search of minnows;--a secret method of
+ensuring good sport, well known to some few very cunning anglers, whose
+motto is
+
+        "Unde habeas quaerit Nemo, sed oportet habere."--JUV.
+
+
+[D] I understand that Thompson has written a long letter, complaining of
+my not having given any maxim or hint on this important point. I beg
+leave here to apologise for the omission; and I have no hesitation in
+advising him, if he should ever put his rod together again, not to omit
+taking it to pieces as soon as he has done fishing.
+
+[E] Piscium et summa genus haesit ulmo.--HOR.
+
+
+
+
+MAXIMS AND HINTS
+
+FOR A
+
+CHESS PLAYER.
+
+"_Lorsque je veux, sans y faire semblant, me livrer aux meditations
+d'une douce philosophie, je vais a la peche. Ma longue experience me
+tient en garde contre les inconveniens d'une mauvaise pratique; et je
+jouis de mon succes, qu'aucun jaloux ne vient troubler. Ma peche finie,
+eh bien! je rentre dans le mouvement de la vie, je fais ma partie
+d'echecs; je triomphe, mon sang circule; je suis battu, mais je me
+releve._"--TACTIQUE DES RECREATIONS.
+
+
+
+
+MAXIMS AND HINTS
+
+FOR A
+
+CHESS PLAYER.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+I.
+
+WIN as often as you can, but never make any display of insulting joy on
+the occasion. When you cannot win--lose (though you may not like it)
+with good temper.
+
+
+II.
+
+If your adversary, after you have won a game, wishes to prove that you
+have done so in consequence of some fault of his rather than by your own
+good play, you need not enter into much argument on the subject, whilst
+he is explaining to the by-standers the mode by which he might have won
+the game, _but did not_.
+
+
+III.
+
+Nor need you make yourself uneasy if your adversary should console
+himself by pointing out a mode by which you might have won the game in a
+shorter and more masterly manner. Listen patiently to his
+explanation--it cannot prove that your way was not good enough. _Tous
+les chemins sont bons qui menent a la victoire._
+
+
+IV.
+
+When you are playing with an opponent whom you feel sure that you can
+master, do not insult him by saying that you consider him a stronger
+player than yourself,--but that perhaps particular circumstances may
+prevent him from playing with his usual force to-day, &c. &c. Men
+usually play as well as they can: they are glad when they win, and sorry
+when they lose.
+
+
+V.
+
+Sometimes--when, alas! you have lost the game--an unmerciful conqueror
+will insist on "murdering Pizarro all over again," and glories in
+explaining how that your game was irretrievable after you had given a
+certain injudicious check with the queen,[F] (the consequence of which
+_he says_ that he immediately foresaw,) and that then, by a succession
+of very good moves on his part, he won easily. You must bear all this as
+well as you can, although it is certainly not fair to "preach'ee and
+flog'ee too."
+
+
+VI.
+
+A good player seldom complains that another is slow. He is glad to have
+the opportunity thus afforded to him of attentively considering the
+state of the game. Do not, therefore, be impatient when it is your
+adversary's turn to move. Take as much time as you require (_and no
+more_) when it is your own turn.
+
+
+VII.
+
+If, whilst you are playing, your adversary will talk about the state of
+the game, it is very provoking, but you cannot help it, and the pieces
+will give you ample revenge, if you can avail yourself of their power.
+
+
+VIII.
+
+If the by-standers talk, it is still more annoying: they always claim
+the merit of having foreseen every good move which is made, and they
+sometimes express great surprise at your not making a particular move;
+which, if you had made it, would probably have led to your speedily
+losing the game--before which time they would have walked away to
+another table.
+
+
+IX.
+
+Almost every moderate player thinks himself fully qualified to criticise
+the move by which a game has been lost.--Although, if he had himself
+been in the loser's place, he would, very probably, have been
+check-mated twenty moves sooner than the opportunity occurred for
+committing the particular mistake, which he thinks he should have
+avoided.
+
+
+X.
+
+Amongst good players, it is considered to be as much an indispensable
+condition of the game, that a piece once touched must be moved, as that
+the queen is not allowed to have the knight's, or a rook the bishop's
+move.
+
+
+XI.
+
+Some persons, when they are playing with a stranger who entreats to be
+allowed to take back a move, let him do so the first time: then, almost
+immediately afterwards, they put their own queen _en prise_; and when
+the mistake is politely pointed out to them, they say that _they_ never
+take back a move, but that they are ready to begin another game.
+
+
+XII.
+
+Do not be alarmed about the state of your adversary's health, when,
+after losing two or three games, he complains of having a bad head-ache,
+or of feeling very unwell. If he should win the next game, you will
+probably hear no more of this.
+
+
+XIII.
+
+Never (if you can avoid it) lose a game to a person who rarely wins when
+he plays with you. If you do so, you may afterwards find that this one
+game has been talked of to all his friends, although he may have
+forgotten to mention ninety-nine others which had a different result.
+Chess players have a very retentive memory with regard to the games
+which they win.
+
+
+XIV.
+
+If, therefore, any one should tell you that on a certain day last week
+he won a game from one of your friends, it may be as well to ask how
+many other games were played on the same day.
+
+
+XV.
+
+There is no better way of deciding on the comparative skill of two
+players than by the result of a number of games. Be satisfied with that
+result, and do not attempt to reason upon it.
+
+
+XVI.
+
+Remember the Italian proverb, "Never make a good move without first
+looking out for a better." Even if your adversary should leave his
+queen _en prise_, do not snap hastily at it. The queen is a good thing
+to win, but the game is a better.
+
+
+XVII.
+
+Between even, and tolerably good, players a mere trifle frequently
+decides the event of a game; but when you have gained a small advantage,
+you must be satisfied with it for the time. Do not, by attempting too
+much, lose that which you have gained. Your object should be to win the
+game, and the dullest way of winning is better for you than the most
+brilliant of losing.
+
+
+XVIII.
+
+If your knowledge of "the books" enables you to see that a person, with
+whom you are playing for the first time, opens his game badly, do not
+suppose, as a matter of course, that you are going to check-mate him in
+ten or twelve moves. Many moves called _very bad_ are only such if well
+opposed; and you can derive but little advantage from them unless you
+are well acquainted with the system of crowding your adversary,--one of
+the most difficult parts of the game.
+
+
+XIX.
+
+Some players have by study acquired mechanically the art of opening
+their game in a style much above their real force; but when they have
+exhausted their store of _book-knowledge_, they soon fall all to pieces,
+and become an easy prey to those who have genuine talent for the game.
+Others do not know how to open their game on scientific principles, and
+yet, if they can stagger through the beginning without decided loss,
+fight most nobly when there are but few pieces and pawns left on the
+board. All these varieties of play must be carefully studied by those
+who wish to win. It is only talent for the game, combined with much
+study and great practice, which can make a truly good player.
+
+
+XX.
+
+Although no degree of instruction derived from "books" will make a good
+player, without much practice with all sorts of opponents, yet, on the
+other hand, when you hear a person, who has had great practice, boast of
+never having looked into a chess-book, you may be sure either that he is
+a bad player, or that he is not nearly so good a player as he might
+become by attentively studying the laborious works which have been
+published on almost every conceivable opening, by such players as Ercole
+del Rio, Ponziani, Philidor, Sarratt, and Lewis.
+
+
+XXI.
+
+Between fine players, small odds (viz. pawn, with one, or with two
+moves) are of great consequence. Between inferior players they are of
+none. The value of these odds consists chiefly in position; and in every
+long game between weak players, such an advantage is gained and lost
+several times, without either party being aware of it.
+
+
+XXII.
+
+Almost all good players (_and some others_) have a much higher opinion
+of their own strength than it really deserves. One person feels sure
+that he is a better player than some particular opponent, although he
+cannot but confess that, for some unaccountable reason, or other, he
+does not always win a majority of games from him. Another attributes his
+failure solely to want of attention to details which he considers hardly
+to involve any real genius for the game; and he is obliged to content
+himself with boasting of having certainly, at one time, had much the
+best of a game, which he afterwards lost, _only by a mistake_. A third
+thinks that he must be a good player, because he has discovered almost
+all the many difficult check-mates which have been published as
+problems. He may be able to do this, and yet be unable to play a whole
+game well, it being much more easy to find out, at your leisure, the way
+to do that which you are told beforehand is practicable, than to decide,
+in actual play, whether, or not, it is prudent to make the attempt.
+
+
+XXIII.
+
+A theoretical amateur, with much real genius for the game, is often
+beaten by a fourth-rate player at a chess club, who has become from
+constant practice thoroughly acquainted with all the technicalities of
+it, and quietly builds up a wall for the other to run his head against.
+The loser in this case may _perhaps_ eventually become the better player
+of the two; but he is not so at present.
+
+
+XXIV.
+
+A person sometimes tells you that he played the other day, for the first
+time, with Mr. Such-a-one, (a very celebrated player,) who won the game,
+with great difficulty, after a very hard fight. Your friend probably
+deceives himself greatly in supposing this to be the case. A player who
+has a reputation to lose, always plays very cautiously against a person
+whose strength he does not yet know: he runs no risks, and does not
+attempt to do more than win the game, which is all that he undertook to
+do.
+
+
+XXV.
+
+When you receive the odds of a piece from a better player than yourself,
+remember he sees everything which you see, and probably much more. Be
+very careful how you attack him. You must act in the early part of the
+game entirely on the defensive, or probably you will not live long
+enough to enjoy the advantage which has been given you. Even though you
+may still have the advantage of a piece more, when the game is far
+advanced, you must not feel too sure of victory. Take all his pawns
+quietly, _if you can_, and see your way clearly before you attempt to
+check-mate him. You will thus perhaps be longer about it, but winning is
+very agreeable work.
+
+
+XXVI.
+
+Many persons advise you, when you receive the odds of a rook, _always_
+to make exchanges as often as you can, in order to maintain the
+numerical superiority with which you began. This is very cunning; but
+you will probably find that "_Master is Yorkshire too_," and that he
+will not allow you to make exchanges early in the game, except under
+circumstances which lead you into a ruinous inferiority of position.
+
+
+XXVII.
+
+You will never improve by playing only with players of your own
+strength. In order to play well, you must toil through the humiliating
+task of being frequently beaten by those who can give you odds. These
+odds, when you have fairly mastered them, may be gradually diminished as
+your strength increases. Do not, however, deceive yourself by imagining,
+that if you cannot win from one of the _great players_ when he gives you
+the odds of a rook, you would stand a better chance with the odds of a
+knight. This is a very common error. It is true that, when a knight is
+given, the attack made upon you is not so sudden and so violent, as it
+usually is when you receive a rook--but your ultimate defeat is much
+more certain. If, in the one case, you are quickly killed, in the other
+you will die in lingering torments.
+
+
+XXVIII.
+
+When you hear of a man from the country, who has beaten every body whom
+he has ever played with, do not suppose, as a matter of course, that he
+is a truly good player. He may be only a "Triton of the Minnows." All
+his fame depends upon the skill of the parties with whom he has hitherto
+contended; and provincial Philidors seldom prove to be very good
+players, when their strength is fairly measured at the London Chess
+Club, particularly such of them as come there with the reputation of
+having never been beaten.
+
+
+XXIX.
+
+An elderly gentleman, lately returned from India, is apt to suppose that
+his skill has been much impaired by the change of climate, or some other
+cause, when he finds, to his great surprise, that his style of play does
+not produce such an alarming effect in the Chess Clubs of London or
+Paris, as it used to do at Rumbarabad.
+
+
+XXX.
+
+When you can decidedly win, at the odds of a rook given by a first-rate
+player, you will rank among the chosen few. It would be very difficult
+to name twenty-five persons in London to whom Mr. Lewis could not fairly
+give these odds, although there are many hundreds who would be much
+offended at its being supposed to be possible that any one could give
+them a knight.
+
+
+XXXI.
+
+A first-rate player, who is to give large odds to a stranger, derives
+great advantage from seeing him first play a game, or two, with other
+persons. His style of play is thus shown, and the class of risks which
+may be ventured on is nicely calculated. That which, before, might have
+been difficult, thus becomes comparatively easy.
+
+
+XXXII.
+
+There is as much difference between playing a game well, by
+correspondence, and playing one well over the board, as there is between
+writing a good essay, and making a good speech.
+
+
+XXXIII.
+
+No advantages of person and voice will enable a man to become a good
+orator if he does not understand the grammatical construction of the
+language in which he speaks: nor will the highest degree of ingenuity
+make any man a good chess player, unless his preparations for the
+exercise of that ingenuity are made upon the soundest principles of the
+game.
+
+
+XXXIV.
+
+Every game perfectly played throughout on both sides would be by its
+nature drawn. Since, then, in matches between the most celebrated
+players and clubs of the day some of the games have been won and lost,
+it seems to follow that there _might_ be better players than have been
+hitherto known to exist.
+
+
+XXXV.
+
+Most of the persons who occasionally "play at Chess" know little more
+than the moves and a few of the general rules of the game. Of those who
+have had more practice, some have acquired a partial insight into the
+endless variety of the combinations which may be formed, and their
+beautiful intricacy:--a few play moderately well; but, however small the
+number of good players may be, it would be difficult to find any one
+who, after having played a few hundred games, would not think it an
+imputation on his good sense to be considered a very bad player;--and
+this is the universal feeling, although it is well known that men of the
+highest attainments have studied Chess without great success; and that
+the most celebrated players have not always been men of distinguished
+talents.
+
+
+XXXVI.
+
+He who after much practice with fine players remains for a long time
+without taking his station amongst them, will find at last that there is
+a point which he cannot pass. He is obliged to confess his incurable
+inferiority to players of the higher order, and he must be content with
+easy victories over a large majority of those whom he meets with in
+society.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+CONCLUSION.
+
+Chess holds forth to the philosopher relaxation from his severer
+studies,--to the disappointed man, relief from unavailing regret,--and
+to the rich and idle, an inexhaustible source of amusement and
+occupation. It has, however, been frequently urged as an objection to
+the study of the game, that no man can pursue it, with a fair prospect
+of becoming a good player, without devoting to it much time and
+attention which might be more beneficially employed.
+
+Although it may perhaps be true in the abstract, that even a high degree
+of skill is not _per se_ worth the time and trouble which it must have
+cost, it should be remembered that on this "mimic stage" of life much
+besides chess may be seen and studied with advantage. The real character
+of a man's mind may, almost always, be known by his behaviour under the
+varying circumstances of this most interesting game. The triumph of the
+winner, and the vexation of the loser, are often coarsely displayed
+amongst inferior players; and, although good players very rarely give
+way to this degrading weakness, still, the good breeding of some of
+them, towards the end of a difficult match, is not always quite perfect.
+
+The temper of the student cannot fail to derive very material benefit
+from the severe discipline to which it will be subjected. When he begins
+to play well he will find that he has learnt to submit patiently to
+contradiction; and that he has become convinced of the necessity of
+abandoning his most favourite schemes, whenever he sees that from a
+change of circumstances they can be no longer pursued with safety.--He
+will have felt the full value of using caution and circumspection, when
+called upon to exercise his judgment in cases of complicated difficulty,
+and he will have acquired the faculty of fixing his undivided attention
+on the business in which he is engaged.
+
+If such qualities of the mind are called forth and strengthened in the
+pursuit of a harmless and delightful recreation, the time cannot have
+been wholly wasted, although the professed object of study may have been
+only the art of giving CHECK-MATE.
+
+                                                            R. P.
+
+  _Whitehall, March, 1839._
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+FOOTNOTE:
+
+[F] _Infandum Regina jubes renovare dolorem._
+
+
+
+
+MAXIMS AND HINTS
+
+ON
+
+SHOOTING
+
+AND
+
+OTHER MATTERS.
+
+[Illustration: Drawn by the late Sir FRANCIS CHANTREY, R.A.]
+
+
+
+
+MAXIMS AND HINTS
+
+ON
+
+SHOOTING,
+
+_&c. &c._
+
+
+I.
+
+LET the person to whose care a young dog is intrusted for education be
+furnished with an instrument like a short trumpet, which produces a few
+harsh and discordant notes; and whenever it may be necessary to correct
+the dog, in order to enforce obedience, let such correction be
+accompanied by the noise of this instrument rather than by "the
+thundering voice and threatening mien" usually employed on such
+occasions. When the dog's education has been properly completed under
+this system, although you may be comparatively a stranger to him on
+first taking him into the field, you will find that by carrying with
+you a duplicate of the _un_musical instrument you will have his master's
+voice in your pocket, and you will be able at once to make a very
+commanding impression upon him, by sounding a few of the harsh and
+discordant tones which he has been taught to fear and obey.
+
+
+II.
+
+You must not insist upon its being admitted without dispute, that the
+man who made _your_ gun is the best maker in London. This town is a very
+large place, and it contains a great many gunmakers. You must also
+remember that it "stands within the prospect of belief" that there may
+be other persons who think themselves as competent to select a good gun,
+and to shoot well with it afterwards as you are.
+
+
+III.
+
+In like manner, although you may prefer using one kind of wadding to
+another, or may perhaps like to wear shoes and gaiters rather than
+trousers and laced boots, you must not suppose that every man who takes
+the liberty of forming a different opinion from yours on these subjects
+is a mere bungler.
+
+
+IV.
+
+However steady your pointer may be, remember that he is but a dog. If
+you encourage him to run after one hare because it has been wounded by
+yourself, you must not be angry with him for chasing another which may
+be shot at by your friend. Canine flesh and blood cannot bear this.
+
+
+V.
+
+Although you may be a very agreeable gentleman, generally speaking, you
+will choose an unlucky moment for making yourself particularly so, if
+you should on some fine morning after breakfast volunteer to accompany
+two of your friends who are preparing to leave the house for a day's
+partridge-shooting without any expectation of being joined by a third
+person.
+
+
+VI.
+
+When you are obliged to walk on the left-hand side of a man who carries
+the muzzle of his gun too low, do not be so very polite as to take no
+notice of this dangerous habit. He will, perhaps, appear quite offended
+when you venture to question your perfect safety. But be that as it may,
+your position was so awfully unpleasant whilst you were constantly
+stared at by the eyes of a double-barrelled gun that your friend's
+looking rather cross at you is a matter of much less consequence.
+
+
+VII.
+
+When a long search amongst high turnips has been made, at your
+particular request, for a bird which you erroneously suppose that you
+have brought down, and which (naturally enough under such circumstances)
+cannot be found, you must not say that your friend's retriever has a
+very bad nose, or fancy that "poor old Trigger, if he had been still
+alive, could have easily found the bird."
+
+
+VIII.
+
+Should a farmer's boy come running to you with a partridge which he has
+lately picked up after seeing it fall in the next field, your companion
+in arms will perhaps assure you that this bird can be no other than that
+which _he_ shot at, as you may remember, immediately after you had both
+of you passed through the last hedge, and which he afterwards saw flying
+very low, and very badly wounded, exactly in the direction which the boy
+has come from. An _enfant trouve_ like this seldom waits long for a
+father to adopt it.
+
+
+IX.
+
+Sometimes towards the end of a fatiguing day, when you feel like an
+overloaded gun-brig, labouring against a heavy sea of turnips, you may
+perchance espy a large covey of partridges in the act of settling near a
+hedge a long way before you. Supposing in such case that your brother
+sportsman should be a much younger man than yourself, and yet should not
+have also seen these birds, it is not always quite prudent that you
+should announce the fact to him immediately. If you wish to have a shot
+at them, you would, perhaps, do well to say nothing about them till your
+weary limbs have borne you unhurried a little nearer to the hedge in
+question. The good old rule of _seniores priores_ is sometimes reversed
+in a large turnip-field.
+
+
+X.
+
+In the case of a double shot a gamekeeper never hesitates an instant in
+deciding whether the bird was killed by his master's gun or by another
+person's, fired at the same moment.
+
+
+XI.
+
+When you are making your way through a thick wood with too large a
+party, it is better that you should be scolded by some of your friends
+because you trouble them with very frequent notice of your individual
+locality, than that you should be shot by any of them because you do
+not.
+
+
+XII.
+
+On the day of a great battue, if one of the party (not you) should shoot
+much better than the others, and if this should by chance be talked of
+after dinner (as such matters sometimes are), do not say much about the
+very large number of hares and pheasants killed by you--on some other
+occasion.
+
+
+XIII.
+
+When you are shooting in a wood, if some hungry fox, in pursuit of his
+prey, should chance to cross your path, it depends entirely upon the
+"custom of the country" whether you ought to kill him or not. Bob Short
+says, in his Rules for Whist, "When in doubt, win the trick."
+
+
+XIV.
+
+Never ask beforehand whether or not you are to shoot hares in the cover
+into which you are going, but never shoot one after you have been told
+not to do so.
+
+
+XV.
+
+A singular species of optical delusion often takes place in the case of
+a man shooting at a woodcock in a thick cover. According to the
+impression said to be made upon the shooter's eye, the bird appears to
+fall dead more frequently than he can afterwards be found--so that the
+truth of this appearance must never be relied on when the evidence of
+the bird himself cannot be brought forward to support it.
+
+
+XVI.
+
+On a grand occasion you need not always trouble yourself to keep an
+account of the number of head killed by you, particularly if you do not
+dine with the party on that day; because, in your absence, the total
+number brought home may perhaps be accounted for after dinner, without
+any reference being made to the amount of your[G] performances.
+
+
+XVII.
+
+When you sit down (_horresco referens_) in a dentist's chair,[H] in
+order to have your teeth cleaned, and point out to him, with fear and
+trembling, one of them which you think must be drawn;--if he should tell
+you that the tooth can be easily stopped, and may still be of much
+service to you, do not immediately thereupon feel quite bold and very
+comfortable. After a moment's further inspection he may, perhaps, add
+very quietly, in a kind of whispering soliloquy, "Here are two others
+which must be removed."
+
+
+XVIII.
+
+If you should stop, with a tired horse, at the door of the "King's Head"
+anywhere, and should say to the bowing landlord thereof, that, unless
+you can find some other means of pursuing your journey, you shall be
+obliged to have a chaise immediately, you must not expect to be told by
+him that a very good coach, which is going your way, will change horses
+at the "Red Lion," nearly opposite, in less than ten minutes. Should
+this be the real state of the case, he will feel that he has no time to
+lose; and therefore, instantly seizing the handle of the hostler's bell,
+and ringing a louder peal than usual, he will at once show you into a
+back parlour, for fear that you should see the coach before a chaise can
+be got ready for you.
+
+
+XIX.
+
+Should it have been your fate to travel often, _more majorum_, on the
+box of a stage-coach, more than one coachman has probably told you a
+story, two miles long, about some mare so vicious and unmanageable that
+she had been rejected by every other coachman on the road, and that
+nobody but himself had ever been able to drive her, saying at the same
+time, "She is now, as you see, Sir, as quiet as a lamb." You must not
+believe all this, although it may perhaps be very true that the mare
+kicks sometimes, and that the man is not a bad coachman.
+
+
+XX.
+
+Although our friend the coachman is supposed to have been so very
+communicative to you on the last occasion, he may not perhaps be equally
+so on all others: for instance, if, when the roads are very bad, and the
+coach is heavily laden, he should, near the end of a difficult stage,
+pull up at some turnpike, and enter into a long talk apparently about a
+bad shilling or a lost parcel, he is very likely not to explain to you
+and the other passengers that his real reason for thus stopping is
+because his horses are so much distressed that they would otherwise be
+scarcely able to reach the end of their ground. The conference at the
+gate is held in order to facilitate the ratification of the treaty for
+fresh horses to be exchanged in the next town.
+
+
+XXI.
+
+On arriving at the place where "the coach dines," walk to the nearest
+baker's shop, and there satisfy your hunger in a wholesome manner. At
+the dinner which is prepared for the passengers it frequently happens
+that if there should have been any cock-fighting in the town lately,[I]
+the winner and the loser of the last battle appear at the top of the
+table as a couple of boiled fowls; and whenever there is a roast goose
+at the bottom, it is probably some old gander, who, after having lived
+for many years in the parish, is at last become so poor that he is
+obliged to be "taken into the house."
+
+
+XXII.
+
+If you have children, who are clever, do not question them too closely
+in company. Supposing, for example, that at the close of a social meal
+in the country, you should be sitting at table with your guests, on the
+eve of their departure from your hospitable roof: if, under these
+circumstances, some nice little fellow, who has lately rushed into the
+room, and is now busily employed with a bunch of grapes, should be
+called upon by you to join in the general expression of regret that your
+friends are to leave you to-morrow, he may perhaps say, "Yes, papa, we
+shall have no grapes after dinner to-morrow."
+
+
+XXIII.
+
+If you are thought to excel in any particular game or sport, do not too
+often lead to it as a subject of conversation: your superiority, if
+real, will be duly felt by all your acquaintance, and acknowledged by
+some of them; and you may be sure that "a word" in your favour from
+another person will add more to your reputation than "a whole history"
+from yourself.
+
+
+XXIV.
+
+On seeing a new invention for the first time, do not instantly suggest a
+material alteration of it, as if you felt quite sure that this sudden
+thought of yours must be a very clever one. It may be reasonably
+supposed that the inventor did not hastily build up his work in its
+present form; and it would, therefore, be very unkind that you should
+bring the whole broadside of your intellectual guns to bear upon it in a
+moment. Besides, after all, it is just possible that the thing may be
+better as it is--without your improvement.
+
+
+XXV.
+
+The great merit of an important discovery frequently consists in the
+first application of some well-known principle of action to a class of
+objects to which it had not before been applied. When such discovery has
+been brought before the public in one instance, the application of the
+same principle to other nearly similar objects requires a much lower
+degree of inventive talent. A sub-inventor of this sort often views the
+result of his labour with all the pride of a mother, when he is only
+entitled to the praise due to an accoucheur.
+
+
+XXVI.
+
+When your friends congratulate you on your recovery from the effects of
+a serious accident, it is very proper that you should thank them
+sincerely for their kindness in so doing: but it is by no means
+necessary that you should give a very detailed description of all your
+sufferings, and of every symptom attending the gradual progress of your
+recovery; nor need you explain exactly what was at first said by Mr.
+Drugger, the apothecary, and what was afterwards the opinion of Sir
+Astley Cooper. You had better not do this; although some persons think
+that what the nurse occasionally said ought not, in a case like theirs,
+to be omitted.
+
+
+XXVII.
+
+On the same principle, if you should have lately been robbed, and should
+feel disposed to communicate the particulars of this sad affair, you
+really must not begin your account of it by telling us every thing which
+you were dreaming about just before you first heard the noise of thieves
+in your house on the eventful night of the robbery, adding always in
+conclusion, by way of appendix to your copious narrative, a correct list
+of the articles stolen. If you do this too often, you must not be
+surprised if some of your hearers should at last be almost tempted to
+regret that when you were robbed you were not murdered also.
+
+
+XXVIII.
+
+If it should be mentioned in conversation that a celebrated mare,
+belonging to Mr. Swindle, of Newmarket, has lately trotted sixteen miles
+within the hour, in harness, do not think it necessary to recount the
+wonderful performances of a famous gig-horse which you once had.
+
+
+XXIX.
+
+After having lost several games at billiards, when you are playing at a
+gentleman's house, it is not polite that you should attribute your
+failure to the inaccuracies of the table. These sundry defects of level
+are less likely to be complained of by the winner than by you; and he,
+therefore, stands less in need of this caution than you do.
+
+
+XXX.
+
+When the lord of the manor is showing the beauties of his house and
+grounds to you, and points out a very fine row of trees for your
+particular admiration, make no allusion to the magnificence of the
+avenue at Wimpole; and if he should afterwards show to you one of his
+pictures, which he values highly as the work of some celebrated master,
+remember that, although you may have been told privately, by a good
+authority, that the picture is not really what your friend supposes it
+to be, you are not called upon to display your borrowed knowledge as
+your own, and to make yourself odious by endeavouring to convince him
+that he has been deceived in the purchase.
+
+
+XXXI.
+
+Do not bestow extravagant praise upon every article lately bought by
+you, as if you considered that it had acquired increased value from
+having fallen into the hands of so distinguished a purchaser. Other
+persons will estimate the worth of it rather by its own merits than by
+yours.
+
+
+XXXII.
+
+It is quite unnecessary that you should always, in order to show the
+extent of your reading, claim a previous acquaintance with every
+expression which may be referred to in conversation as having been used
+by some celebrated author in one of his works. It is much easier for
+another person to quote lines which never were written than it would be
+for you to find them.[J]
+
+
+XXXIII.
+
+Do not consider it to be at all times your bounden duty to correct every
+mistake which may be made in your presence as to a name or an
+unimportant date. Some persons are so extremely sensitive on these
+points that they never allow the offender to escape a summary
+conviction. However interesting the conversation may be, they always
+feel justified in interrupting it if they can show that the anecdote
+which they have cut short related to the late General A., and not to his
+brother the admiral.
+
+
+XXXIV.
+
+If one of your party should be prevailed upon to sing a comic song for
+the amusement of the company, he will of course do it as well as he can,
+and it would not be flattering to him that you should immediately
+afterwards talk about the great pleasure which you formerly derived from
+hearing the same song sung by Mathews, or Bannister.
+
+
+XXXV.
+
+Beware of the amiable weakness of repeatedly telling long stories about
+your late father or uncle. They may have been excellent persons, and
+their memory may be deservedly respected by you; but it does not
+therefore necessarily follow that a full account of everything which was
+said or done by either of these worthy men on some trivial occasion
+should be very interesting to other people, not even to such of your
+friends as may be lucky enough not to have heard it before.
+
+
+XXXVI.
+
+If you should have lately suffered any great reduction of income from
+causes over which you had no control, it is better that you should bear
+your misfortunes quietly than that you should be very extensively
+communicative to your acquaintance on the subject of your grievances.
+If, for instance, you tell them in confidence that you now have only
+600_l._ a-year to live upon, such of them as have but 500_l._ will
+perhaps think that you still have at least 100_l._ more than you ought
+to have.
+
+
+XXXVII.
+
+Do not think yourself an accomplished traveller merely because you have
+visited places where you _might_ have acquired much information. Many a
+man has passed some time in a foreign town without learning more about
+the beauties of its cathedral or the manners and customs of its
+inhabitants than was previously known to others through the instructive
+medium of a book and pair of spectacles at home; and therefore although
+you may have really been at Rome, and may have actually seen with your
+own eyes both the Apollo Belvidere and Raphael's Transfiguration, you
+must not, on that account only, consider yourself qualified to take a
+leading part in every conversation on subjects connected with the fine
+arts.
+
+
+XXXVIII.
+
+Many persons who are possessed of much information have a tedious and
+unconnected way of imparting it. Such men are like dictionaries, very
+instructive if opened in the right place, but rather fatiguing to read
+throughout.
+
+
+XXXIX.
+
+The foundation of good breeding is the absence of selfishness. By acting
+always on this principle--by showing forbearance and moderation in
+argument when you feel sure that you are right, and a becoming
+diffidence when you are in doubt, you will avoid many of the errors
+which other men are apt to fall into.
+
+
+XL.
+
+Artists, medical men, and engineers are much to be feared by those
+persons who are apt to talk a little sometimes on matters which they do
+not very well understand. If, reader, you are, like me, subject to this
+infirmity, mind what you are about when any professional men are
+present.
+
+                                                            R. P.
+
+  _Whitehall, February, 1842._
+
+  London: Printed by WILLIAM CLOWES and SONS, Stamford Street
+
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[G] Acting on this principle, I was once supposed to have killed a brace
+less than nothing, viz., I went out partridge shooting with two other
+persons. At the end of the day one of these said that he had killed
+twelve brace, and the other claimed eleven brace. When the birds were
+afterwards counted, the number of them was forty-four. I therefore
+conclude that the brace which was wanting must have been considered as
+my share of the day's sport.
+
+[H]
+
+        "Whose iron scourge and torturing hour
+         The bad _extract, and clean_ the best."
+
+
+[I]
+
+        "Thus fell two heroes, one the pride of Thrace,
+         And one the leader of the Epeian race;
+         Death's sable shade at once o'ercast their eyes:
+         _In dish_, the vanquish'd and the victor lies."
+
+_Pope says_, "In dust."
+
+[J] _e. g._ Vide quotation, p. 56.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Transcriber's Notes:
+
+The original text does not have a table of contents. One was created for
+this version.
+
+Obvious punctuation errors repaired.
+
+Page 6, illustration caption, "asssitant" changed to "assistant" (an
+expert assistant)
+
+Page 37, "your's" changed to "yours" (heavier than yours)
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Maxims and Hints on Angling, Chess,
+Shooting, and Other Matters, by Richard Penn
+
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