diff options
Diffstat (limited to '36204.txt')
| -rw-r--r-- | 36204.txt | 1981 |
1 files changed, 1981 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/36204.txt b/36204.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..754e94c --- /dev/null +++ b/36204.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1981 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Diary of Ezra Green, M.D. from November 1, +1777, to September 27, 1778, by Ezra Green + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Diary of Ezra Green, M.D. from November 1, 1777, to September 27, 1778 + +Author: Ezra Green + +Editor: Geo. Henry Preble + Walter C. Green + +Release Date: May 23, 2011 [EBook #36204] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DIARY OF EZRA GREEN, M.D. *** + + + + +Produced by Tor Martin Kristiansen, Joseph Cooper and the +Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +Eyewitness Accounts of the American Revolution + +Diary of +Ezra Green, M.D. +from November 1, 1777, +to September 27, 1778 + +The New York Times & Arno Press + +Reprinted from a copy in +The State Historical Society of Wisconsin Library + +Reprint Edition 1971 by Arno Press Inc. + +LC# 75-140867 +ISBN 0-405-01190-3 + +Eyewitness Accounts of the American Revolution, Series III +ISBN for complete set: 0-405-01187-3 + +Manufactured in the United States of America + + + +[Illustration: Ezra Green + When 100 years old.] + + + +DIARY OF EZRA GREEN, M.D., + +SURGEON ON BOARD THE CONTINENTAL SHIP-OF-WAR "RANGER," +UNDER JOHN PAUL JONES, FROM NOVEMBER 1, 1777, +TO SEPTEMBER 27, 1778. + +BORN IN 1746; DIED IN 1847. + + + +WITH HISTORICAL NOTES AND A BIOGRAPHY, BY + +COMMO. GEO. HENRY PREBLE, U.S.N., AND WALTER C. GREEN. + + +Reprinted, with Additions, from the HISTORICAL AND +GENEALOGICAL REGISTER for January and April, 1875. + + +BOSTON: +_FOR PRIVATE DISTRIBUTION_. +1875. + +DAVID CLAPP & SON, PRINTERS, +334 Washington Street. + + + + +Transcriber's Note: Printer's inconsistencies in spelling, punctuation +and hyphenation have been retained. A caret (^) indicates that the +following character is printed as superscript. + + + +PREFATORY NOTE. + + +A few words may be necessary in respect to the Diary of my father, Dr. +Ezra Green, which I am quite sure he never suspected would appear in +print before the public eye. + +When quite a lad I was, out of curiosity, rummaging over an upper +chamber closet, where in promiscuous order were odd volumes,--school +books, speeches, sermons, &c.,--when this unpretentious pamphlet turned +up in marbled paper-cover. All the particulars of it I had heard my +father frequently recount, and hence did not at that early age +appreciate its value, and so I gave it to my cousin James D. Green, +who, after preserving it with scrupulous care for more than sixty +years, has deposited it in the library of the New-England Historic, +Genealogical Society, together with important authentic remarks +relative to his and my father's progenitors. There this Diary came +under the eye of Commodore George Henry Preble, who requested my +permission for its publication in the HISTORICAL AND GENEALOGICAL +REGISTER, together with such facts as he might gather of my father's +public life during five years service as surgeon in the army and navy +during the American revolution. To this request I gave my willing +assent, promising as a sequel thereto a memoir of his private life. + +WALTER C. GREEN. + +_Boston, Nov. 16, 1874._ + + + + +BIOGRAPHY OF DR. EZRA GREEN. + + + + +I. + +HIS PUBLIC CAREER. + +By Commodore GEO. HENRY PREBLE, U.S.N. + + +In June, 1775, the Sunday after the battle of Bunker Hill, Dr. Ezra +Green, in the capacity of surgeon, joined the American army, then under +the command of Gen. Artemas Ward, and was stationed with Reed's +New-Hampshire regiment on Winter Hill in Charlestown. Here he received +the smallpox by inoculation, and was secluded in the hospital at Fresh +Pond, Cambridge, for seventeen days, returning to his regiment in camp +on Winter Hill the 20th of March, 1776. + +After the evacuation of Boston by the British, he left with our army +for New-York, going by way of Providence, Norwich and New-London, where +they embarked. Having remained in New-York a few weeks, they proceeded +up the Hudson to Albany, thence by batteaux to Saratoga; landed, and +marched to Lake George; remained about a fortnight; went down Lake +George in batteaux, and stopped at Ticonderoga; thence proceeded by +Lake Champlain to St. John's; thence to Montreal, and joined Arnold. +There the army suffered greatly from sickness. Dr. Green was with the +troops which occupied Mount Independence until December, when, on the +advance of the British under Sir Guy Carleton, the American forces +retreated to Ticonderoga. + +The following letter, addressed to his friend Mr. Nath'l Cooper, at +Dover, New-Hampshire, graphically describes the situation of the +American army at that time. + + _Ticonderoga_, Oct. 30, 1776. + + DEAR SIR: + + I must beg your pardon for troubling you with so many of my + letters, but I am a good deal at leisure, and so lucky an + opportunity of conveyance offers, that I can't let it pass without + sending you one line or two. Since my last, our Fleet is destroyed, + of which I suppose you have heard, but 5 vessels remaining to us + out of 16 sail. The engagement began on Friday morning, October + 11th, and held out all day. They surrounded our Fleet, but in the + night succeeding the engagement they very narrowly and fortunately + made their escape and came up towards Crown Point, but were + overtaken and attacked again Sunday morning, within about 25 miles + of this place. Our men fought bravely, but the enemy were of so + much greater force than we had any suspicion of that our little + fleet stood no chance; most of the vessels lost were blown up, + sunk, or burnt by our own people, they escaping by land. We lost, + killed, about 50; taken prisoners, about 100, which are dismissed + on parole. The Indians have done us no damage till very lately they + waylaid three men, kill'd one, took the other two prisoners, who + are sent back on parole. They were treated very kindly by the + Indians as well as by the King's troops who were at the time at + Crown Point within 15 miles of this place, where they have been + ever since the destruction of our Fleet. We have lately been + alarm'd several times. On Monday morning last, there was a proper + alarm, occasioned by a number of the enemies boats which hove in + sight, and a report from a scouting party that the Enemy were + moving on; where the Fleet is now, I can't learn, or what is the + reason they don't come on I can't conceive. 'Tis thought they are + 10 or 12 thousand strong, including Canadians and Indians. We are + in a much better situation now than we were fourteen days ago, and + the militia are continually coming in. Our sick are recovering, and + it is thought we are as ready for them now as ever we shall be. + There has been a vast deal of work done since the fight, and we + think ourselves in so good a position that we shall be disappointed + if they don't attack us. However, I believe they wait for nothing + but a fair wind. In my next, I'll tell you more about it. In the + meantime I am yours to command. + + EZRA GREEN. + + My respects to your lady and love to your children. + + P.S. I have some thought of leaving the army and joining the navy, + provided I can get a berth as surgeon of a good continental ship or + a privateer. Should be glad if you would enquire, if you don't + know, and send me word what Incouragement is given; and let me know + if any ships are fitting out from Portsmouth, and you'll oblige + your friend, + + E. G. + +Dr. Green remained with the troops which occupied Mount Independence +until they left the position in December, when he returned to Albany, +and there left the army and returned to Dover, New-Hampshire. All +through the following summer, he was afflicted with fever and ague, but +in October, 1777, accepted an appointment as surgeon of the continental +ship-of-war Ranger, then fitting out in Portsmouth, N.H., under the +command of Capt. John Paul Jones, and nearly ready for sea. They +sailed, as his diary shows, on the 1st of November, 1777, for France. +The following letter, written to his friend Mr. Cooper, describes the +passage out. + + _On Board the Ranger, Peanbeauf Road_, + Dec. 4, 1777. + + "SIR: + + By a Gentleman who is writing I have an opportunity just to present + my respects to yourself and lady, and to inform you of my safe + arrival at Peanbeauf 27 miles below Nantz on the 2d of December + current, after a passage of 32 days. Our people all in good health + and high spirits. We had as good weather as we could wish 'till + within a week of our arrival. In the Bay of Biscay we had a very + heavy Gale of Wind, but it continued but about 48 hours. Saw but + one ship of war, and she was in the chops of the English Channel, + with a Fleet under convoy. ---- ---- I have the happiness to inform + you of the Capture of two Brigs, on the 25th and 27th of November, + both from Malaga laden with wine and fruit, which on my own and + friends account could wish with all my heart were in Portsmouth, + New-Hampshire. They were ordered to some part of France, but have + not yet heard of their arrival. There is nothing new here. The + French say but little about a war, being very intent on getting + money. Here are a number of vessels fitting out for America in the + trading way. The news of Gen. Burgoine affair got here just before + us, and before this time is in all parts of Europe. + + I don't expect we shall go from this Place these six weeks, as + there is a great deal wanting to be done to the ship before she + will go to sea again. It seems probable to me that she will be + ordered directly back to America, as soon as may be. In the + meantime I am, + + With the greatest sincerity & respect, + + Your humble servant, + + E. GREEN. + + Please to present my best regards to Susy[1], & love to your little + children, & salutations to all enquiring Friends. + + Mr. Nathaniel Cooper, of Dover, + New-Hampshire, + New-England. + + [1] This was Susannah Hayes, whom he subsequently married. + +Dr. Green continued in the Ranger until her return to Portsmouth in +October, 1778, when he left her, and returned to Dover. + +When the Ranger was refitted in the following spring, under the command +of his friend, Capt. T. Simpson, he rejoined her as surgeon, and sailed +in her on a cruise in company with the Warren, 32 guns, Commodore J. B. +Hopkins, and Queen of France, 28, Capt. J. Olney; the latter a French +ship, which had been purchased at Nantes for the American government. + +While on this cruise, in March, they captured a privateer schooner of +14 guns, and on the 6th of April the schooner Hibernia, of 8 guns and +45 men, and the next morning, off Cape Henry, six more of a fleet of +nine vessels, viz.: the ship Jason, Capt. Porterfield, 20 guns, 150 +men; ship Maria, letter of marque, 16 guns, 80 men, cargo of flour, +&c.; and brigs Prince Frederick, Patriot, Bachelors John, and schooner +Chance, all laden with stores for the British army. Among the prisoners +taken was a Colonel Campbell, and twenty-three army officers of lesser +rank, on their way to join their regiments at the south.[2] All these +vessels were brought into Portsmouth, N.H., three weeks after the +squadron sailed from thence. + + [2] Emmons's History U.S. Navy, 1776-1853. + +On another cruise, the Ranger, still commanded by Simpson, in company +with the Providence, 28, Commodore A. Whipple, and Queen of France, 28, +Capt. J. P. Rathburn,[3] on the 17th of July, 1779, when on the Banks +of Newfoundland, fell in with the Jamaica fleet, homeward bound, +consisting of one hundred and fifty sail, convoyed by a ship-of-the-line, +and several cruisers, and succeeded in capturing eleven large ships, of +seven to eight hundred tons, three of which were re-taken; but seven of +them, whose cargoes were estimated to be worth $1,000,000, were brought +safely into Boston. All Boston was alarmed at the sight of the little +continental squadron and its prizes,--ten large ships standing directly +into the harbor,--believing them to be a British fleet. The buildings +were covered with spectators. The cargoes, consisting of rum, sugar, +logwood, pimento, &c, were delivered one half to the government and one +half to the captors.[4] + + [3] The Queen of France, Providence and Ranger, all three under + the same commanders, were sunk at Charleston, S.C., May 12, + 1780, by the British Squadron, after that city had surrendered to + the forces under Sir Henry Clinton. + + [4] The Rev. Dr. Lothrop's Centennial Sermon in Dover, N.H., June + 28, 1846 (Appendix). + +On his return from this successful cruise, Dr. Green resigned his +position as surgeon of the Hanger in favor of Dr. Parker, of Exeter, +and returned to Dover. + +In 1780 he sailed on another cruise in the Alexander, Captain Mitchell, +14 guns, but they accomplished nothing. In 1781, the vessel having been +fitted up as a letter of marque, under Captain Simpson, he went in her +to Fredericksburg, Virginia, and they took thence a load of tobacco to +l'Orient in France. He returned in the Alexander to the United States +in the autumn of that year, which concluded his revolutionary services. + + + + +II. + +DR. GREEN'S PRIVATE LIFE AND CHARACTER. + +By WALTER C. GREEN. + + +My father, Dr. Ezra Green, was born in Maiden, Mass., June 17, 1746, +and, after he was graduated at Harvard College in 1765, he commenced +the study of medicine and surgery with Dr. Sprague, of Maiden, +finishing his course with Dr. Fisher, of Newburyport. He then went to +Dover, New-Hampshire, to reside, in 1767, where he was in successful +practice up to his appointment as surgeon in the army. Dr. Green's five +years service in the army and navy I need not describe, it having been +already narrated by Commodore Preble. + +About the same time that Dr. Green went to reside in Dover, his friend +the Rev. Jeremy Belknap, from Boston, was by unanimous vote invited +there and ordained minister of the Congregational Society on a salary +of L150, payable semi-annually, and there he preached for eighteen +years. This small pittance being inadequate for the support of himself, +his wife, two sons and two daughters, he asked a dismissal, and +returning to Boston, he was soon settled as minister over the Federal +Street Society, and there remained until his greatly lamented death, +June 20, 1798, at the early age of 55 years. Dr. Belknap was my +father's next-door neighbor, and the close intimacy so early commenced +between the two families, never abated during their lives. + +When Dr. Green and the Rev. Mr. Belknap went to Dover, my dear mother +was eight years of age, and being of a lively, pleasant disposition and +quick apprehension, with an ardent fondness for books and study, she +early enlisted their kind offices in the direction of her various +studies; and to them she was largely indebted for her excellent +education. + +On the 13th of December, 1778, my father was married to my mother, +Susannah Hayes, of Dover, by the Rev. Jeremy Belknap. This fortunate +union remained unbroken, save for his absence during the remainder of +his service in the navy, until it was severed by her death,--a period +of fifty-seven years. + +In a letter from on board the Ranger dated March 12, 1779, Dr. Green +wrote to his then young married wife: "I never felt so uneasy on +account of your absence. I pray we may not long be separated from each +other, but as Providence seems to have pointed out this to me as a +duty, I desire to pursue it cheerfully and with good courage, and I +know you would not wish me to turn or look back; and I wish you all the +happiness of this world and that to come." As soon as he had discharged +the duty here mentioned, that is, on the termination of the +revolutionary war, Dr. Green relinquished his medical practice to his +friend and successor, Dr. Jacob Kittredge, to whom he gave his surgical +instruments, books and medicines, and then commenced a mercantile +business. + +Early after this he was made post-master in Dover, which office he +voluntarily resigned after several years of faithful duty. + +Dr. Green was made deacon of the First Congregational Society in Dover, +and was a most devout, unfailing attendant on all Sunday or week day +religious services, despite the adverse weather of severest cold or +snow of winter, or scorching heat of summer. My father's religious +education gave to his early and middle life a degree of asceticism that +controlled his thoughts and conduct; but from this in his later years, +with a wider range of religious and theological information, and with +greater experience and reflection, he happily emerged into broader +views of the truths of Christianity. These gave him fresh vitality, and +added a more gentle influence and sweetness to his character. + +In the year 1827, Dr. Green, with many others of similar religious +belief, withdrew from the First Congregational Church, and formed the +First Unitarian or Second Congregational Society in Dover. In the +affairs of the new society, though nearly 80 years of age, he took an +active and prominent part, and especially in erecting, during the year +1828, a large commodious church, in which the Rev. Samuel Kirkland +Lothrop soon after was called to preach as the first pastor of the +society; presiding in that ministry with satisfactory zeal and fidelity +for five years, until 1834, when he was called away to a wider field of +usefulness, to the pastorship of the Brattle Square Church in Boston, +where he happily officiates to this late day with no diminution of +ardor and faith. + +Dr. Green and family were fond of friendly social intercourse, and his +doors were ever open and largely frequented by the refined and +cultivated persons of both sexes, who appreciated their society and +liberal hospitality. + +In the various affairs of the town, he took a lively interest, and +under his charge the first school-house was built; and for educational +and religious purposes, the dissemination of the Scriptures at home and +abroad, and support of the ministry, he was always a willing +contributor. + +From time to time he served as selectman, or as surveyor of the +highways and by-ways, and now and then as moderator at the +town-meetings, where the clashing parties of Federalists and Democrats +met, with passionate party feelings, which at times raged with scarce +controllable fury. + +From active mercantile business in 1811, he sought that domestic +quietude with his devoted wife and family he so fondly cherished, and +there he largely indulged his taste in reading to their ever attentive +ears. He was no hum-drum reader, but with a clear voice and superior +elocutionary powers he rendered his various readings pleasingly +attractive, and this was his fondest daily enjoyment, up to the very +verge of his prolonged years. + +My dear mother had but a feeble constitution, yet I never knew her +depressed in spirits. Her well-stored, retentive memory made her +society attractive to the old and young who frequented her house; and +as a wife and mother, she was in all her duties watchfully diligent and +greatly endeared by her family. Her life was that of a liberal +Christian, and she awaited her exit from this world with patient +resignation, and in the happy belief of an immediate entrance into a +future life of endless duration and happiness; and thus she passed +away, on the 3d of April, 1836, in the 77th year of her age. + +During those early times it was the prevailing fashion, whatever the +hour of a friendly call, to invite the guest to imbibe as he might +prefer from the several potations before him. The custom was a +pernicious one, and when the temperance societies sprung up, Dr. Green, +though always a most temperate person, was the first to enter his name +on the list of "total abstinents," not from the least necessary +restrictive requirement on his part, but because he hoped it might +prove an efficient example for many of his fellow-townsmen, who were +more or less demoralized by this habitual indulgence. + +He had no craving desire for official position or for public notoriety. +He was, however, honored by several governors of the state with a +commission as justice of the peace, and was also chosen one of the +delegates at large, and chairman of the state convention for the +adoption of the constitution of the United States. His vote gave a +majority in its favor, an event of profound importance for +New-Hampshire, to which the other assenting states were looking for +this hoped for result, with no small doubt and distrust of feeling. + +He had a fond taste for horticulture, and in his garden it was his +daily enjoyment to spend a few hours in healthful exercise, where he +gloried over his various fruits and delicacies. From his wife's farm of +150 acres, four miles from town, most of the staple necessaries of life +were produced, so that at his table, where there was no needless waste, +there was a sufficiency to satisfy the keenest appetite or most dainty +palate. His garden at one time had more than thirty peach trees, most +of which were killed by an untimely snow-storm in June, when they were +in full blossom. The few which escaped during my boyhood I well +remember for their luscious flavor. + +He was no less fond of pomology, and during the fall season he took me +behind him on his horse Whitey to the farm to assist in carrying the +implements for ingrafting his young thrifty apple orchard, and with +eager eyes I watched the sound selected branch from which with fine saw +he lopped off the upper portion. Next with mallet and chisel midway the +stalk was cleft for the wedge-cut scion's insertion where the two barks +met to catch the up flowing sap in spring. Then with trowel the plastic +clay was overlaid to hold firm the scions against the rude blasts of +winter, and then the flaxen tow was wound around, and last of all a +bandage deftly fastened, and all so artistically done, as in a few +years well repaid him with its ample fruitage. Several trees were +grafted with scions cut from an aged tree in Massachusetts, the bark +nearly destroyed by the wood-peckers, and hence its name of +"Pecker-Apple." It attained a large size, resembling the well-known +Baldwin, though firmer and handsomer; and when ripe in mid-winter, it +was with its crisp golden pulp and juicy flavor the most delicious +apple I have ever eaten. + +Dr. Green was an ardent patriot and Federalist, a brave and consistent +champion of that independence he had helped to win, and a zealous +advocate for that constitution he had aided to establish. From early +life to the last he was an opponent of the institution of slavery, and +predicted that sooner or later the free and slave states would be +involved in a bitter controversy on that account. That he was spared +the realization of his fears, was a mercy to his sensitive heart. + +In his mode of life he aimed at no ostentatious show. Polite and +affable in his deportment, he won the respect due to courteous manners. + +In personal appearance and contour of face, he was not unlike Gen. +Washington, for whom he was often taken while in the army. In stature +he was six feet three inches tall and proportionately large in frame; +and whether walking or sitting, he always maintained a very erect +position. The woodcut engraving which accompanies this sketch +represents Dr. Green at the age of fifty-five years, and is a very +perfect outline likeness. The steel engraved portrait is taken from a +rather indistinct daguerreotype likeness when he was one hundred years +of age. He had a sound, vigorous constitution, strengthened and +preserved by uniform temperate habits, daily physical exercise, early +hours for retirement, and rising with the opening day. At the age of 82 +years he fell and broke his thigh bone where it entered its socket; and +little did he or his physician believe that at his advanced age it +would ever unite, as it did after several months confinement to his +bed; so that in the course of time, with the aid of crutch or cane, he +was enabled to hobble about his house and garden, and occasionally to +attend church. + +Ten years more had nearly elapsed, when another more serious accident +befel him. From an early morning stroll in front of his house, he came +in doors, and standing by the window reading, was suddenly prostrated +backward to the floor, seemingly, to him, by a violent blow on his +cranium, and so wrenching his spinal column, as deprived him ever after +of all power of locomotion. Happily this accident was unattended with +pain, and there in his cosey easy chair, with books, papers, &c. around +him, his days and years flew apace without weariness or complaint, and +with that sweet serenity of mind and calm christian patience which won +the most devotioned care and affectionate love of his two only +surviving daughters. + +From his personal friends, he had frequent social visits, and from +strangers not a few, from far and near, attracted by his venerable age, +or a desire to hear him recount his varied experience during our +revolutionary war. Groups too of merry children, for whom he had a +kindly fondness, came often with tasteful flowers to greet him. Such +indeed was his uniform gentleness of disposition, and lively interest +in all public and domestic affairs, that he left questionable evidence +on the minds of not a few strangers, as to the extreme old age +attributed to him. + +Here, in conclusion, I will add that, on learning my dear father's +indisposition, I hastened to see him, and found him suffering somewhat, +as it seemed, from the effects of a cold and cough. To gratify me he +took some homoeopathic pellets I recommended, smilingly remarking +that such an infinitesimal potion could neither kill nor cure. Finding +himself the next morning much relieved, he exclaimed that that was not +what he desired, "for it has been my daily prayer the last year to my +Heavenly Father, to take me to himself, and I believe he has kept me +here a year longer, for my ceaseless importunity." Whereat I asked, +have you not enjoyed your usual good health and happy intercourse with +your devoted daughters and friends? O yes! that I have, and every +worldly comfort and enjoyment I desire, but now I long to depart. Like +the late renowned Mrs. Mary Somerville, of England, he dreaded the +possibility of his physical powers outliving his mental faculties; and +then said, "what an incubus I should be to my loving daughters, who +would then wish me in my grave." + +Happily was it that he was exempt from all those fretful, fractious +feelings to which aged people are occasionally subject. Such was his +universal cheerful temperament and mental activity, that his death to +his idolizing daughters was no less grievous than that of a darling +child to a fond mother; and so it was, that this eminently good and +venerable man's prayer was soon after my visit indulged, and on July +25, 1847, he expired at the very advanced age of 101 years and 28 days, +retaining to his last hour a clear unclouded mind, and with the full +faith and confiding hope of entering a future world of progressive +improvement and happiness. + +On the one hundredth anniversary of Dr. Green's birth-day, the 28th of +June, 1846, his former friend and pastor, the Rev. Samuel K. Lothrop, +of Boston, preached in Dover a commemorative discourse[5] on this +event, and from its appendix I make the following extract:-- + + [5] THE CONSOLATIONS OF OLD AGE. | A | Sermon | Preached at the | + First Unitarian Church, in Dover, N. H | On the 28th of June, + 1846, | Being the One Hundredth Birth-day | of | Ezra Green, M.D. + | The Oldest Living Graduate of Harvard College. | By S. K. + Lothrop, | Pastor of the Church in Brattle Square, Boston: | + 1846. | Eastburn's Press. | [8vo. pp. 25.] + + Dr. Green is still able to employ himself with books for several + hours every day. He reads the papers, and keeps himself well + informed upon all public affairs, and retains his interest in + them. As an evidence of the declaration that "the intellect and + the heart have been slightly touched by time," I am permitted to + publish the following extracts from a record, made in my journal, + of an interesting interview had with him after service on the + Sunday on which the sermon was preached. I had said that he was so + well and strong that perhaps his life would still be prolonged + some years; to which he replied--"I know not how long I may live. + Death was always a very solemn and affecting thing to me. When a + young man nothing affected or impressed me so much as a funeral. + It has been so through life and is so now. I contemplate death + with awe. It is a solemn thing to die, to exchange worlds, to + enter upon an untried, spiritual, eternal state of being, of which + we can form no adequate conceptions. To appear before an + omniscient God, to account for the deeds done in the body, _all_ + of them, through a _long_ life, is a solemn thing; I feel it to be + so--I have always felt it. But I thank God that I am able to + contemplate him as my Father in Heaven. Through Jesus Christ, the + mediator, I have hope in his mercy, and a perfect trust in his + paternal goodness." * * * * + + These observations, and others in a similar strain, were made + spontaneously, with pauses in which he seemed to be collecting his + thoughts, but with only a single question put to him on my part. I + publish them, not on account of the particular religious opinions + which they express, but for the evidence they afford of the + unabated vigor and activity of his intellect at the age of an + hundred years. I have given very nearly his exact words. He was + much affected during the utterance of these sentiments, and + evidently spoke from the bottom of an earnest and sincere heart. + The interview was exceedingly interesting, and left on those + present the impression that he was ripe for the Kingdom of Heaven, + and that an old age surrounded by so many comforts, with the + intellect and the heart so little impaired, was not so sad and + gloomy a period as we sometimes imagine. + +In June, 1846, he received the following letter from Daniel Webster: + + WASHINGTON, June 17, 1846. + + MY DEAR SIR:--I hope you remember me at that period of my life, + when I was in the habit of attending the Courts at Dover, and when + I had the pleasure of enjoying your society and hospitality. + + And I hope that in subsequent life I have made some efforts which + you have approved, for the maintenance of those political + principles to which, as a friend and follower of Washington, you + have ever been attached, and which I have heard you so often and so + intelligently defend. This is the day[6] on which you complete the + hundredth year of your age. Will you allow me, therefore, to greet + you, to-day, with a respectful and friendly letter, congratulating + you on the degree of strength, mental and bodily, which Providence + allows you to enjoy, so far beyond the lot of man, and tendering to + you my cordial and affectionate good wishes for your continued + health and happiness. I send you a copy of a speech lately made by + me in the senate, and remain, dear sir, + + Your friend and obedient servant, + + Dr. Ezra Green. + + DANIEL WEBSTER. + + [6] Mr. Webster fixed the date according to the "old style" of + reckoning, which explains the apparent discrepancy between his + statement and the date named in Dr. Lothrop's sermon. + + * * * * * + +To my cousin the Hon. James D. Green, of Cambridge, Mass., I am +indebted for the following authentic annals from his manuscript volume, +in the library of the New-England Historic, Genealogical Society, in +Boston, relative to his and my father's earliest progenitors. + + Dr. Green's earliest ancestor who came from England to this + country, was: + + 1. JAMES^1 GREEN, yeoman, 24 years. He was an inhabitant of + Charlestown, 1634, and admitted freeman of the colony in 1647, + purchasing lands and settling in "Mystic Fields," since called + Maiden. He died March 29, 1687, aged 77 years, leaving a widow and + two sons, John and James. After a proper provision for his widow + and son James, he willed his "lands and housing thereon" to his son + John. + + 2. JOHN^2 (_James^1_), the eldest son of James, was born about 1650 + and died at the age of 59, leaving a widow, three daughters and one + son, Samuel, to whom, after providing for his widow and daughters, + he by will gave all his lands in Maiden and Charlestown "to him and + his heirs forever." + + 3. SAMUEL^3 (_John,^2_ _James^1_), who was born in 1679, was a + representative of the town in the general court in 1742. His wife + died at the age of 72, and he died February 21, 1761, at the age of + 82, leaving four sons: James, John, Timothy and Ezra, and one + daughter, Mary Daua. To his beloved son Ezra, he by will gave all + the remainder and residue of his real and personal estate, he + paying his debts, funeral expenses and the various bequests to his + other children and granddaughters. + + 4. EZRA^4 (_Samuel,^3_ _John,^2_ _James^1_), was born in 1714, and + married Sarah Hutchinson, who died July 7, 1741, at the age of 26 + years. His second wife, Eunice Burrell, of Lynn, died October 20, + 1760, aged 47, leaving two sons, Ezra and Bernard. For his third + wife, he married Mary Vinton, by whom he had one son, Aaron. Said + Ezra Green was deacon of the church in Maiden, selectman and + representative in the general court during the years of 1760, '61 + and '62. He died April 28, 1768, at the age of 54 years. By his + will, after providing for his beloved widow Mary, he gave to his + son Ezra twenty acres of land in Chelsea, and about five acres near + "Penny Ferry," apart from what he had paid for his collegiate and + medical education, and the gift of a horse, which he deemed + equivalent to the homestead, real and personal (except what he had + disposed of to his son Aaron, besides his collegiate educational + expenses), which he bequeathed to his son Bernard, making as it did + the fifth generation, and embracing more than two hundred years + since its first purchase by James Green in 1610. + + Dr. Green was in his second year's naval service, when, by the Rev. + Jeremy Belknap, he was married to Susanna Hayes in the twentieth + year of her age. She was then reputed to have been quite handsome + and a great favorite with all her acquaintance. She had a delicate + and petite figure, nut-brown hair, shading bright hazel eyes that + lit up her regular cut features with a winning expression, which + played over a soft transparent complexion, lovely as a fresh-blown + rose. + + Her father's will, making his estate reversionary in the event of + his daughter's decease without issue, happily placed her and her + husband in no such unpleasant dilemma; for in the brief time of + nineteen years, thirteen children were born to them, viz.: + + i. EUNICE, b. July 1, 1780; d. Oct. 7, 1782. + ii. REUBEN HAYES, b. Aug. 20, 1783. + iii. CHARLES, b. March 26, 1785; d. April 5, 1854. + iv. DEBORAH SHACKFORD, b. March 20, 1787; d. May 7, 1860. + v. SARAH, b. Oct. 19, 1788; d. Nov. 2, 1874. + vi. SAMUEL, b. Jan. 4, 1790; d. Jan. 23, 1791. + vii. MARTHA, b. July 13, 1791; d. Nov. 25, 1792. + viii. EUNICE, b. Oct. 8, 1792; d. May 25, 1839. + ix. A DAUGHTER, b. July 15, 1794; still-born. + x. MARTHA, b. June 9, 1795; d. Aug. 3, 1795. + xi. A SON, b. April 27, 1796; still-born. + xii. SAMUEL, b. Oct. 5, 1797; d. Nov. 3, 1823. + xiii. WALTER COOPER, b. July 1, 1799. + + My mother's earliest paternal ancestor[7] in America, + + 1. JOHN^1 HAYES, is said to have emigrated from Scotland + about 1680, and settled in Dover, New-Hampshire. He had a grant of + land in 1693. By his wife Mary Horn, he had seven sons and three + daughters, viz.: + + 2. i. JOHN, b. 1686. + ii. PETER. + iii. REUBEN. + iv. ICHABOD, b. March 13, 1691-2. + v. SAMUEL, b. March 16, 1694-5. + vi. WILLIAM, b. Sept. 6, 1698. + vii. BENJAMIN, b. ----, 1700. + viii. A DAUGHTER, m. Phipps. + ix. A DAUGHTER, m. Ambrose. + x. A DAUGHTER. + + 2. JOHN^2 (_John^1_), married Mrs. Tomson, and lived at Tole-End, + four miles from Dover corner. He was a deacon of the First + Congregational Society in Dover. They had eight children, viz.: + + i. ANN, b. June 3, 1718. + 3. ii. REUBEN, b. May 8, 1720; d. 1762. + iii. JOSEPH, b. March 15, 1722. + iv. BENJAMIN, b. March 6, 1723. + v. MEHITABEL, b. Dec. 11, 1725. + vi. JOHN, went to North Yarmouth, Maine, to reside. + vii. ELIJAH, went to Berwick, Maine. + viii. ICHABOD, went to Berwick, Maine. + + 3. REUBEN^3 (_John^2_, _John^1_), was born May 8, 1720. He lived at + Tole-End and married Abigail Shackford, by whom he had only one + child, viz.: + + i. SUSANNA, b. March 23, 1759. + + Reuben Hayes died in 1762, at the early age of 42 years, and by his + will, after a liberal provision for his wife Abigail, he gave all + the residue of his estate, real and personal, to his only child + Susanna Hayes, consisting of his farm of 150 acres at Tole-End, + with this reservation that, in case "his said daughter Susanna, at + her decease, should leave no issue of her body lawfully begotten + surviving, then my will is that, my whole estate that shall then be + remaining, both real and personal, shall revert and be divided + among my four Brethren, namely, Benjamin, John, Ichabod and Elijah + Hayes." + + [7] I am mainly indebted for the annals of my mother's paternal + ancestry to John R. Ham, M.D., of Dover, N.H. + + + + +DIARY OF DR. EZRA GREEN. + + +_Portsmouth Road, Nov. 1st, 1777. Saturday._--Between the hours of 8 & +9 this morning weigh'd anchor and proceeded to Sea with a moderate +breeze, before night lost sight of the American shore.[8] + + [8] The Ranger 18, was built 1777, on Langdon's Island, + Portsmouth Harbor, by order of Congress, under the direction of + Colonel James Hackett. + + On the 14th of June, 1777, Congress _Resolved_, That Capt. John + Paul Jones be appointed to command the ship Ranger, and under + date Philadelphia, June 18, 1777, the marine committee write to + him, "You are appointed to the command of the Ranger, lately + built at Portsmouth. Col. Whipple, the bearer of this, carries + with him the resolves of Congress appointing you to this command, + and authorizing him, Col. Langdon, and you to appoint the other + commissioned as well as warrant officers necessary for this ship, + and he has with him blank commissions and warrants for this + purpose." + + Though great diligence was used by Jones in equipping the Ranger, + she was not ready to proceed on her destination until the middle + of October. Twenty-six guns had been provided for the ship, but + Jones exercised great judgment in mounting only eighteen on her, + as he considered from her size and slight construction, that she + would be more serviceable with eighteen than with a greater + number. The following extracts from his letter to the marine + committee, dated Oct. 29, 1777, two days before sailing, gives a + lively idea of the difficulties he had to contend with, and the + poverty of our resources. "With all my industry I could not get a + single suit of sails completed until the 20th current. Since that + time winds and weather have laid me under the necessity of + continuing in port. At this time it blows a very heavy gale from + the northeast. The ship with difficulty rides it out, with yards + and topmasts struck and whole cables ahead. When it clears up I + expect the wind from the northwest, and shall not fail to embrace + it, although I have not now a spare sail nor materials to make + one. Some of those I have are made of hissings. I never before + had such disagreeable service to perform, as that which I have + now accomplished and of which another will claim the credit as + well as the profit. However, in doing my utmost I am sensible + that I have done no more than my duty." + + Thus imperfectly equipped, having a very good crew, but "only + thirty gallons of rum," as Jones laments, for them to drink on + the passage, the Ranger sailed from Portsmouth on the 1st of + November, 1777.--_Mackenzie's Life of Paul Jones._ + +_Sunday, Nov. 2nd._--A very fine morning and a favorable wind, all well +on board--except some few who are a little Seasick. + +_Friday, Nov. 7th._--A strong gale at Northwest which carrys us 10 +knots. + +_Thursday, Nov. 13th._--About seven this morning saw a sail on our lee +Bow distant about 2 Leagues, gave chase and spoke her about 12 o'clock, +a Brig from Carolina bound for Bordeaux with several Tory Passengers on +Board, among whom were Hartley the Organist & his wife. + +_Friday, Nov. 14th._--This Morning at 5 o'clock came up a severe +Thunder Storm from the southwest. + +_Saturday, 15th._--Last evening came on a gale of wind which increas'd +till about 3 this morning when it began to abate, in the hight of the +gale a sail was seen under our lee Quarter, hove too till she came up, +a Schooner from St. Peters bound to Bordeaux. + +_Sunday, 16th._--A fresh Breeze, and high Sea from the late Gale, about +10 o'clock our tiller Rope broke by which we were in great Danger of +the Consequences of the Ship's broaching to. + +_Wednesday, 19th._--About six this morning saw a Sail under our lee +Quarter, gave Chase or rather bore away till we came within about a +mile of Her found Her to be a large Ship standing Our course clued up +Our Courses and hawl'd Our wind--got ready for Action she standing on +her course close to the wind, wore Ship when it was too late, continued +the chase till night and lost Her. + +_Saturday, Nov. 22nd._--At nine o'clock this morning saw a Sail on our +weather Beam--little wind; One of Our People fell from the Chains but +was saved by a Rope's End handed Him. + +_Sunday, Nov. 23rd._--Early in the morning saw a Sail supposed to be +the same we saw yesterday, came up with and made a Prize of--about 8 +o'clock, a Brig laden with fruit and wine from Malaga bound to +Yarmouth, Riches Comm^r.--She is called the Mary--there are no less +than six sail in sight at this Time. + +_Monday, Nov. 24th._--Spoke a Schooner from Malaga bound to Liverpool +vessel and Cargo owned by a Portugal Merch^t. + +_Tuesday, 25th._--Last night spoke a Ship & Snow bound to France,--and +are now chasing a vessel under Our lee Bow, at 11 at night came up with +& made a Prize of the Brig George from Malaga bound to London laden +with fruit and wine, she was commanded by Bulfinch. + +_Wednesday, 26th._--Early in the morning gave chase to a Brig under our +lee Bow, but were obliged to give over Chase on seeing a very large +Ship to windward with several other Sail in Company she appeared to be +standing athwart us, about 2 she hove too with a Fleet of 13 Sail of +Ships & Brigs at 2 Leagues Distance, clewed up Our Courses & stopp'd +our Ship's way expecting every minute when she would come down upon us +about 4 she stood on her Course, we made sail close to the wind with a +design to cut off a Brig which could not keep up with the Convoy, lost +her in the night. + +_Thursday, 27._--A fresh gale from the S.W. in the afternoon vear'd a +Barrel of Beef astern for the Brig, Sea running High she carelessly ran +upon our Larboard Quarter but did no other Damage than breaking our +Driver Boom--at 10 at Night saw several Sail spoke one of them found +them all to be Dutch Daugers. + +_Saturday, 29th._--A very heavy gale, hove too at night in the Bay of +Biscay 60 Leagues distant from Land. + +_Sunday, 30th._--Fine weather and a strong wind in the night hove too +and sounded in 80 Fathom water. + +_Monday, Dec. 1._--Saw Land from mast Head at 10 in the morning, with +fine weather. + +_Tuesday, Dec. 2nd._--Ran in for the Land with a fine moderate Breeze, +narrowly escap'd running on a Sand through want of a Pilot and arrived +all in good spirits at Peanbeauf on the River Loire and came to anchor +in the evening. + +_Wednesday, 3rd._--Wrote a Letter to Capt. Shackford at L'Orient and +inclos'd one to my very good friend Cooper--favour'd by Cap^t. +Mutchemore.[9] + + [9] The letter to his friend Cooper is given in the Memoir. + +_Friday, Dec. 5th._--The Prize Brig Mary arrived here safe--went to +Nantez with Capt. Simpson arriv'd at 9 in the Evening this is a very +considerable City distant 10 Leagues from Peanbeauf am told there are +12 Parishes in Nantes in one of which are 30,000 Souls. + +_Saturday, Dec. 6._--Went to the Tragedy but it was to me in an unknown +Tongue, was not much pleased or entertained, however the Musick was +good. + +_Sunday, Dec. 7._--Returned to Peanbeauf, and on board the Ranger. + +_Friday, 13 Feb._--Set sail for Quiberon Bay M^r. Williams & Brother on +board, in company with us Brig Independence, anchored in the Bay about +six in the Evening, 4 Ships of the Line besides Frigates in the Bay. + +_Saturday, 14th Feby._--Very Squaly weather, came to Sail at 4 o'clock +P.M. saluted the french Admiral & rec'd nine guns in return this is the +first salute ever pay'd the American flagg. + +_Sunday, 15th Feb'y._--Brig Independence saluted the french Flagg which +was return'd.[10] + + [10] Jones, in his letter to the naval committee, dated Feb. 22, + 1778, reporting this important recognition of our flag, says:-- + + "I am happy to have it in my power to congratulate you on my + having seen the American flag, for the first time, recognized in + the fullest and completest manner by the flag of France. I was + off this bay [Quiberon Bay] on the 13th inst., and sent my boat + in the next day to know if the Admiral would return my salute. He + answered that he would return to me as the senior continental + officer in Europe, the same salute as he was authorized to return + to an Admiral of Holland, or any other republic, which was four + guns less than the salute given. I hesitated at this, _for I had + demanded gun for gun_. + + "Therefore I anchored in the entrance of the Bay at a distance + from the French fleet; but after a very particular inquiry, on + the 14th, finding that he really told the truth, I was induced to + accept his offer, the more _as it was an acknowledgment of + American Independence_. + + "The wind being contrary and blowing hard, it was after sunset + before the Ranger was near enough to salute La Motte Piquet with + thirteen guns, which he returned with nine. However, to put the + matter beyond a doubt, I did not suffer the Independence to + salute until the next morning, when I sent word to the Admiral + that I would sail through his fleet in the Brig and would salute + him in open day. He was exceedingly pleasant, and returned the + compliment also with nine guns." + +_Wednesday, 25th Feb'y._--Fleet got underway and left us at anchor +contrary to Expectations, about 12 o'clock it being very windy we came +to sail, ran out of the Bay without a Pilot, attempted to the Northward +of Belisle, but did not succeed, put back hoping to run into the Bay +again, but could not weather the Rocks, in the midst of our Trouble +having narrowly escap'd over setting the Ship, were alarm'd with the +cry of Fire--after all our endeavours to procure a Pilot were in vain, +& night coming on, bore away and ran out to the Leward of the Island, +very squaly still. + +_Thursday, 26._--Arrived in Quiberon-Bay again the Evening after a +short but very tedious & unprofitable Cruize. + +_Tuesday, March 3rd._--Weigh'd anchor and came to Sail in fine weather +& smooth water, sail'd along the Coast about 25 Leagues and came to +anchor in a small Bay near a small village called Benodett, had a +curious Adventure with a french Pilot who came on Board to pilot the +Ship but would not be compell'd to take charge of her. + +_Thursday, March 5th._--Went with Joseph Ratcliff to Pontlably and +procured good lodgings for Him supposing the Eruption (which came out +last night) to be Small Pox--we were treated with great respect as we +were Americans, were waited on near half a mile to the Boat and on +parting gave them 3 Cheers which was answered with vive Le Congres. + +_Friday, March 6th._--This morning (being fine weather) came to sail, +in the morning went through of Passage Duroi; saw a large Ship to the +leeward which we thought was a Frigate & the same we saw yesterday: She +fail'd in attempting to get through the Passage and stood off. + +_Saturday, March 7th._--Came to anchor in Baldavids Bay not far from +the River of Brest. + +_Sunday, March 8th._--Weigh'd and beat up towards Brest came too in +Camaritt's Bay 4 Leagues from Brest. + +[At Brest] _Tuesday, March 10th._--Last night eight of our People took +the Cutter and went on shore and ran off leaving the Boat on the Rocks. + +_Friday, March 13th._--Seven of eight Deserters were bro't back under +guard & confined in Irons. + +_Saturday, 14th March._--Went to Brest with Capt. Jones & Lt. +Simpson; had a slight view of the Fortifications, Shipping, and +Dock-Yards--return'd in the Evening. + +_Sunday, 15th._--I had the pleasure of entertaining the Commissaries +Lady & two Sisters on Board the Ranger. + +_Wednesday, 18th._--Last night died after a lingering Illness for more +than three weeks Will^m. Reading--His remains were decently interr'd +about 11 o'clock A.M.--P.M. the Ladies came to pay Capt. Jones a visit +as he was absent when they pay'd us the first Visit. + +_Monday, 23rd March._--Got under way and ran up to Brest; saluted the +Admiral, rec'd the news of L^d. Stormont's having left Paris on +receiving a copy of the Treaty with America. + +_Thursday, 2nd April._--Got up anchor pay'd the french flagg another +Salute rec'd. 11 for 13--One of our Seamen narrowly escap'd drowning; +when the Ship was coming to sail was turned off from the Spritsail Yard +the Ship went over Him, but He was luckily taken up by the Man who was +in the Cutter which was vear'd astern arriv'd at Camaritt about 5 +o'clock P.M. and came to anchor. + +_Friday, 3rd April._--Our Ship being laid on Shore for cleaning I went +with our Pilot & L^t. Wallingsford to take a view of the New Fort which +is building on an Eminence at the distance of three miles from +Camaritt. + +_Sunday, 5 April._--Attempted to get out to sea with the Fortuna of 36 +guns but were oblig'd to return to Brest. + +_Wednesday, 8th._--Made a second Attempt to get out & fail'd. + +_Friday, 10th._--About 5 o'clock P.M. came to Sail in Company with the +Frigate [Fortuna]--were detained by the Cutter which was sent after +Sand to Camaritt. + +_Saturday, 12th._[11]--Fine weather but no Convoy to be seen, about 10 +in the morning saw a sail to windward which prov'd quite contrary to +our fears to be the Fortuna--we were all ready for action when she came +alongside of us. + + [11] Saturday was the 11th April, 1778. From this entry to that + on Friday the 24th, there is a discrepancy of one day between the + day of the week and the month. + +_Monday, 14th._--Our Convoy left us, sooner than Capt. Jones Expected +which He resented but could not prevent. + +_Tuesday, 15 April._--Early in the morning saw a Brig under our Lee +Bow, about 8 o'clock spoke her: from Ostend to Galway laden with +Flaxseed took the People their Baggage &c. on board scuttled and left +Her.[12] + + [12] Jones, in his report to the American commissioners, written + on the 27th of May, from Brest, says: "On the 14th I took a + Brigantine between Scilly and Cape Clear, bound for Ostend, with + a cargo of flaxseed for Ireland, sunk her, and proceeded into St. + George's Channel." + +_Wednesday, 16th._--Made some part of Ireland in the morning suppos'd +to be the high Land of Dungarvin. + +_Thursday 17th._--Saw a Ship in the afternoon under our lee Bow, at +Sun's setting spoke Her--a Ship of about 350 Tons from London for +Dublin laden with Hemp Iron Porter &c &c. ordered her to Brest.[13] + + [13] Jones calls this ship the Lord Chatham, and says that she + was captured almost within sight of her port. + +_Saturday, 19th._--Made a warm attempt to take a Cutter mounting 8 +Guns, she slipped through Our Fingers, had the Captain have permitted +the Marines to fire on them when they first came under our lee Quarter +might have taken Her with great Ease. + +_Sunday, 20th._--In the morning near the Isle of Man sunk a schooner +laden with Barley & Oats about 60 Tons burthen from some part of +Scotland, in the Evening sunk a Sloop in ballast from Ireland.[14] + +_Monday, 21st._--Bore down for Belfast Loch, took a fishing Boat with 4 +Men in sight of a Ship at anchor they informed Us that she was a Man of +war of 20 guns; we made sail and stood off about an Hour, when the +Capt. ordered the ship to be put about in order to go in and cut her +out, but the wind blowing fresh and the people unwilling to undertake +it we stood off and on till midnight when the People consenting and the +wind having lulled a little we stood into the River but it being +somewhat Dark did not drop our Anchor so as to lay her along side, +therefore were oblig'd to cut and run out, which we were very lucky in +effecting.[14] + + [14] Jones says with regard to these affairs: "On the 18th, in + Glentine bay, on the south coast of Scotland, I met with a + revenue wherry; it being the common practice of these vessels to + board merchant ships, the Ranger then having no external + appearance of war, it was expected that this rover would come + alongside. I was, however, mistaken; for though the men were at + their quarters, yet this vessel outsailed the Ranger, and got + clear in spite of a severe cannonade. + + "The next morning (19th) off the Mull of Galloway, I found myself + so near a Scotch Coasting Schooner, loaded with barley, that I + could not avoid sinking her. Understanding that there were ten or + twelve sail of merchant ships, besides a Tender brigantine with a + number of impressed men on board, at anchor in Lochran in + Scotland, I thought this enterprise worthy my attention; but the + wind, which at the first would have served equally well to sail + in or out of the Loch, shifted in a hard squall, so as to blow + almost directly in, with an appearance of bad weather. I was + therefore obliged to abandon my project. + + "Seeing a cutter off the lee bow steering for the Clyde, I gave + chase, in hopes of cutting her off; but finding my endeavors + ineffectual, I pursued no further than the Rock of Ailson. In the + evening I fell in with a sloop from Dublin, which I sunk." + +_Tuesday, 22nd._--Stood off and on all Day with a design to make +another Trial if the wind lull'd at night there being no signs of more +moderate weather wore ship and stood back towards Galway Mull--Our +people very much fatigued. + +_Wednesday, 23rd._[15]--Weather somewhat more moderate & our people a +little recruited, Our enterprising Capt. with about 30 men went on +shore about 11 P.M. with a Design to fire the Town of Whitehaven.[16] + + [15] Jones in his report says: "The 21st, being near + Carrickfergus, a fishing boat came off which I detained. I saw a + ship at anchor in the road, which I was informed by the fishermen + was the British ship of war Drake, of twenty guns. I determined + to attack her in the night; my plan was to overlay her cable, and + to fall upon her bow, so as to have all her decks open and + exposed to our musquetry, &c.; at the same time, it was my + intention to have secured the enemy by grapplings, so that, had + they cut their cables, they would not have attained any + advantage. The wind was high, and unfortunately the anchor was + not let go as soon as the order was given, so that the Hanger was + brought to upon the enemy's quarters at the distance of half a + cable's length. We had made no warlike appearance, of course had + given no alarm; this determined me to cut immediately, which + might appear as if the cable had parted, and at the same time + enable me, after making a tack out of the Loch, to return with + the same prospect of advantage which I had at first. I was + however prevented from returning, as I with difficulty weathered + the light-house on the lee-side of the Loch, and as the gale + increased. The weather now became so very stormy and severe, and + the sea ran so high, that I was obliged to take shelter under the + south shore of Scotland." + + [16] Jones's account of this important affair is as follows:-- + + "The 22d introduced fair weather, though the three kingdoms were, + as far as the eye could reach, covered with snow. I now resolved + once more to attempt Whitehaven; but the wind became very light, + so that the ship would not in proper time approach so near as I + had intended. At midnight I left the ship with two boats and + thirty-one volunteers; when we reached the outer pier the day + began to dawn; I would not, however, abandon my enterprise, but + despatched one boat under the direction of Mr. Hill and Lieut. + Wallingford, with the necessary combustibles to set fire to the + shipping on the north side of the harbor, while I went with the + other party to attempt the south side. I was successful in + scaling the walls and spiking up all the cannon in the first + fort; finding the sentinels shut up in the guard house, they were + secured without being hurt. Having fixed sentinels, I now took + with me one man only (Mr. Green), and spiked up all the cannon in + the southern fort, distant from the others a quarter of a mile. + + "On my return from this business, I naturally expected to see the + fire of the ships on the north side, as well as to find my own + party with every thing in readiness to set fire to the shipping + on the south; instead of this, I found the boat under the + direction of Mr. Hill and Mr. Wallingford returned, and the party + in some confusion, their light having burnt out at the instant + when it became necessary. By the strangest fatality, my own party + were in the same situation, the candles being ail burnt out. The + day too came on apace, yet I would by no means retract while any + hopes of success remained. Having again placed sentinels, a light + was obtained at a house disjoined from the town, and a fire was + kindled in the steerage of a large ship, which was surrounded by + at least one hundred and fifty others, chiefly from two to four + hundred tons burden, and lying side by side, aground unsurrounded + by the water. There were, besides, from seventy to a hundred + large ships on the north arm of the harbor, aground clear of the + water, and divided from the rest only by a stone pier of a ship's + height. I should (would) have kindled fires in other places if + the time had permitted; as it did not, our care was to prevent + the one kindled from being easily extinguished. After some + search, a barrel of tar was found, and poured into the flames, + which now ascended from all the hatchways. The inhabitants began + to appear in thousands, and individuals ran hastily towards us. I + stood between them and the ship on fire, with a pistol in my + hand, and ordered them to retire, which they did with + precipitation. The flames had already caught in the rigging, and + began to ascend the mainmast; the sun was a full hour's march + above the horizon, and as sleep no longer ruled the world, it was + time to retire. We re-embarked without opposition, having + released a number of prisoners, as our boats could not carry + them. After all my people had embarked, I stood upon the pier for + a considerable space, yet no person advanced; I saw all the + eminences around the town covered with the amazed inhabitants. + + "When we had rowed to a considerable distance from the shore, the + English began to run in vast numbers to their forts; their + disappointments may easily be imagined when they found, I + suppose, at least thirty heavy cannon rendered useless. At + length, however, they began to fire, having, as I apprehend, + either brought down ship's guns, or used one or two cannon which + lay on the beach at the foot of the walls, dismounted, and which + had not been spiked. They fired with no direction, and the shot + falling short of the boats, instead of doing us any damage + afforded some diversion; which my people could not help showing, + by discharging their pistols, &c. in return of the salute. Had it + been possible to have landed a few hours sooner, my success would + have been complete. Not a single ship, out of more than two + hundred, could possibly have escaped, and all the world would not + have been able to save the town. What was done, however, is + sufficient to show, that not all their boasted navy can protect + their own coasts; and that the scenes of distress, which they + have occasioned in America, may soon be brought home to their own + door. One of my people was missing; and must, I fear, have fallen + into the enemy's hands after our departure. I was pleased that in + this business we neither killed or wounded any person. I brought + off three prisoners as a _sample_." + + In a memorial to congress Jones says, "His first object was to + secure an exchange of prisoners in Europe, and his second to put + an end, by one good fire in England, of shipping, to all the + burnings in America," and he expresses the opinion, that had his + officers in the Providence and Alfred been with him in the + Ranger, two hundred and fifty to three hundred large ships at + Whitehaven would have been laid in ashes. In the Ranger's logbook + the man left on shore is named David Smith, and it was thought he + remained on shore voluntarily, and that under the name of + Freeman, he gave information at several houses that fire had been + set to the ships. + +_Thursday, 24th._--After watching the night and all the morning till +broad day light in expectation of seeing the smoke of the Town and +Shipping (ascend as the smoke of a Furnace) began to fear that Our +People had fallen into the Enemies Hands; however about half an hour +after sun rise we discovered two small Boats at a great Distance coming +out of the Rivers mouth, and clouds of smoke arising from the Shipping, +soon after we saw them fire on the Boats from the Shore, but most of +the Cannon being spiked up by our People they could do but very little +the Boats were soon out of their Reach and came along-side with 3 +prisoners for one left behind. + +The same Day crossed over to the other side of the Bay to the Mull of +Galway Capt. Jones with Lt. Wallingsford and about 12 Men went on shore +[at St. Mary's Isle] with design to take L^d. Selkirk, Prisoner. As he +was not at Home and no man in the House, for the sake of his Lady & her +Company they came off without doing any further Damage than plundering +Him of Plate to the amount of (as near as I can judge) 160lb. weight of +Silver.[17] + + [17] _The attempted Seizure of the Earl of Selkirk_, &c.--On the + 8th of May following, Jones wrote from Brest to the Countess of + Selkirk, with regard to the taking of this plate, that he was + obliged to command while he did not approve of the act, and thus + expresses the object of the expedition. + + "Knowing Lord Selkirk's interest with the King, and esteeming as + I do his private character, I wished to make him the happy + instrument of alleviating the horrors of a hopeless captivity, + when the brave are overpowered and made prisoners of war," and + "it was my intention to have taken him on board the Ranger, and + to have detained him until, through this means, a general and + fair exchange of prisoners, as well in Europe as in America, had + been effected. When I was informed, by some men whom I met at the + landing, that his Lordship was absent, I walked back to my boat, + determined to leave the Island. By the way, however, some + officers who were with me, could not forbear expressing their + discontent, observing that, in America, no delicacy was shown by + the English, who took away all sorts of moveable + property--setting fire not only to towns, and to the houses of + the rich, without distinction, but not even sparing the wretched + hamlets and milch cows of the poor and helpless, at the approach + of an inclement winter. That party had been with me the same + morning at Whitehaven; some complaisance, therefore, was their + due. I had but a moment to think how I might gratify them, and at + the same time do your ladyship the least injury. I charged two + officers to permit none of the seamen to enter the house, or to + hurt anything about it,--to treat you, Madam, with the utmost + respect, to accept of the plate which was offered, and to come + away without making a search, or demanding any thing else. + + "I am induced to believe I was punctually obeyed; since I am + informed, that the plate which they brought away is far short of + the quantity expressed in the inventory which accompanied it. I + have gratified my men; and when the plate is sold I shall become + the purchaser, and will gratify my own feelings by restoring it + to you, by such conveyance as you shall please to direct." + + Lord Selkirk wrote a letter in reply, intimating that he would + accept the return of the plate, if made by order of congress, but + not if redeemed by individual generosity. The letter, however, + was detained in the general post office, London, and returned to + the earl, who requested a gentleman to communicate the cause of + its miscarriage and its tenor orally to Dr. Franklin, who at once + informed Jones of the substances of the communication. Meanwhile + the plate had fallen into the hands of the prize agents, and it + was not until the beginning of 1780, and by the purchase of + seventeen twentieths of it, that Jones obtained possession of it. + When he had succeeded in effecting this object, he wrote again to + the Countess of Selkirk; but his voyage to America retarded its + delivery until 1784. It was eventually returned in the same + condition in which it had been removed, and Lord Selkirk + subsequently acknowledged, as the following extracts from his + letter to Paul Jones, dated _London, August 4, 1789_, the + unwearied pains Jones had taken to secure its restoration. + + "I received the letter you wrote to me at the time you sent off + my plate, in order for restoring it. Had I known where to direct + a letter to you, at the time it arrived in Scotland, I would then + have wrote you. * * * Notwithstanding all the precaution you took + for the easy and uninterrupted conveyance of the plate, yet it + met with considerable delays; first at Calais, next at Dover, + then at London; however, it at last arrived at Dumfries, and I + dare say quite safe, though as yet I have not seen it, being then + in Edinburgh." "I intended to have put an article in the + newspapers about your having returned it * * and on all occasions + both now and formerly, I have done you the justice to tell, that + you made an offer of returning the plate very soon after your + return to Brest; and although you yourself was not at my house, + but remained at the shore with your boat, that yet you had your + officers and men in such extraordinary good discipline, that your + having given them the strictest orders to behave well, to do no + injury of any kind, to make no search, but only to bring off what + plate was given them; that in reality they did exactly as + ordered, and that not one man offered to stir from his post on + the outside of the house, nor entered the doors, nor said an + uncivil word; that the two officers staid not a quarter of an + hour in the parlor and the butler's pantry, while the butler got + the plate together, behaved politely, and asked for nothing but + the plate, and instantly marched their men oft' in regular order, + and that both officers and men behaved in all respects so well, + that it would have done credit to the best disciplined troops + whatever." + +_Friday, 24th._--Early in the morning our Capt. proposed making a +second attempt to cut out the Ship in Caraefergus, which was now within +a small Distance, the People both officers & men discovr'd great +unwillingness to make the attempt. Capt. Jones notwithstanding declar'd +publickly his determination to go in, in short it seem'd impossible to +avoid it for the Tide & what little wind there was, had imperceptably +carry'd us in so far that there was very little chance for an Escape, +and now which was about sun-rise we saw the Ship with Her Sails loos'd +and had nothing to do but to get ready for Action Our People at the +same Time discovering the greatest readiness to engage Her. When she +[the Sloop of war Drake] came out at 11 almost Calm about 12 Saw a Boat +coming from the Ship which we Decoy'd and took on board a Midshipman & +5 Men; there being a light Breeze of Wind & understanding by the People +from the Ship that she was coming Out to us; clung our wind and stood +out under easy sail till 4 o'clock, P.M. & hove too for Her, she came +up about 6 and hailed after the usual Compliments were pass'd we wore +Ship and gave her a whole broad side, without receiving a Shot: the +Action continued till 5 minutes after seven very warm when her 2 +Commanding Officers being the one Capt. Brurdon killed & the other Lt. +Dobbs mortally wounded and about 20 of Her Men disabled and the Ships +Rigging Sails &c. very much damaged they were oblig'd to give her up by +the wave of the Hat; & a call for Quarters for having the Second Time +cut away their Ensign staff they had no Colours to Strike. + +Lost on our side,--Lt. Wallingsford[18] killed by a musket shot in the +head. John W. Dangle by a double H^d. shot cut in two in the Fore Top. + + [18] Lieut. Wallingford's christian name was Samuel. Doct. Green + told his son he was a lieutenant of marines. His son George + Washington Wallingford, born in Somersworth, N.H.; and an infant + two months old at the time of his father's death, was a + distinguished lawyer of Maine. (See Willis's _Law and Lawyers of + Maine_, pp. 252,256.) + +Wounded,--Pierce Powers lost his right Hand, & his left badly wounded. +James Falls by a musket shot through the Shoulder. Tho^s. Taylor lost +his little Finger by a musket shot at the wheel. + +_Saturday, 25th._--Very pleasant and almost Calm a fine Opportunity for +repairing and fitting for Sea from on board the Drake buried the +Remains of Capt. Burdon with the Honors of war--spoke a Brigg from +white Haven of about 300 Tons commanded by Capt. More, put a Prize +Master and Hands on Board Her: at 12 we were not far from the place of +action about 2 o'clock P.M. having a light Breeze sent away the Fishing +Boat's crew with a present of Money 17 Guineas and the Drakes Main Sail +& M^n. Top Sail; in the Evening committed the Body of Lt. Wallingsford +to the deep with the Honours due to so brave an Officer. + +_Monday, 4th May._--Died of his wounds and the same day were decently +buried the Remains of Nath^1. Wells of Portsmouth, America. + +_Thursday, May 7th._--Arrived at Brest with the Ship Drake in Company. + +_May 9th, Saturday._--Sent on Shore to the Hospital Pierce Powers, +James Falls & Tho^s. Taylor from the Ranger at the same Time sent from +the Drake 13 Prisoners. + +_Sunday, 10th May._--Arrived here the Prize Brig Patience. + +_Wednesday, 13th._--Sent to the Hospital John Mott a Prisoner taken in +the Drake. + +_Friday, 29 May._--Drew a petition in behalf of my good Friend Simpson +now in gaol in Brest which was sign'd by Lt. Hall M^r. Cullam and +myself & sent on shore to the Office in order to go to the +Commissioners at Paris. + +_Thursday, 18th June._--Rec'd the news of an Engagement between a +French & English Frigate not far from Morleaux, the French Frig. was +ordered out to Adm^l. Byron to speak, she refus'd to Obey therefore +were fired on by the Eng--the action began about half past 4 on the +afternoon of yesterday and continued 5 hours, though the Eng^h. struck +they were prevented bringing her off by Adm^l. Byron's Squadron 12 sail +of the Line besides Frigates--the French Frigate lost 1 Lt. 1 officer +of Marines and 38 men killed, and about 60 wounded. + +_Thursday, 2nd July._--Had the company of Col. Frazier & M^r. Pringle +to Dine, afternoon went with them & Lieut^s. Simpson & Hall on board +the Britaigne of 110 Guns & 1400 Men were treated with the greatest +civility & Respect from all on Board. + +_Friday, 3rd July._--This day arrived a Schooner called the Spy from +New London with Dispatches from Congress. + +_Saturday, July 4th._--This being the Anniversary of American +Independence, was observed as such Our Ship was dressed 13 guns +discharg'd at 10 o'clock; At undressing 13 more; on drinking the Duke +de Chartre's Health 9 guns were fired; a number of Patriotic Toast were +drank; and universal Joy was diffused throughout the whole Ship's +company. + +_Wednesday, July 8th._--This day the Fleet sail'd from this Place about +33 sail of the Line besides Frigates. + +_Thursday, 9th._--This Day arrived here a Brig from Carolina with +Rice--no news C. Ray. + +_Friday, July 10th._--This Day the Lively Ship of war was brought into +this harbour. On her refusing to comply with the commands of Capt. of +the Frigate by which she was taken, she receiv'd a broadside from the +Cannon & the fire from the Swivels & musketry both from below and +aloft, which was returned by 3 guns when she struck. Her loss was about +20 kill'd & 40 wounded most of whom are since dead. + +_Friday, July 17th._--This day was brought in here the prize Cutter +Alert of 12 guns the same which took the Lexington Brig of 14 guns +Johnson Comm^r. She was taken by a Frigate. + +_Sunday, 28 June_ last were brought in here Two Cutters from Guernsey +taken by Frigate Snow. + +_Wednesday, 22 July._--Rec'd the news of C. De Astangs arrival in +Boston. + +_Monday, July 27th._--This day Thomas Simpson Esq^r.[19] came on board +with orders to take command of the Ranger; to the joy and Satisfaction +of the whole Ships company. + +[19] This change of commanders was at Jones's request on the 4th of +July. He wrote to the commissioners at Paris,--"When Congress thought +proper to order me to France it was proposed that the Ranger should +remain under my direction, not be commanded by a Lieutenant. And as the +French ministry have now in contemplation plans which promise honor to +the American flag, the Ranger might be very useful in carrying them +into execution. Lieut. Simpson has certainly behaved amiss; yet I can +forgive, as well as resent; and upon his making a proper concession, I +will with your approbation not only forgive the past, but leave him the +command of the Ranger. By this means, and by some little promotions and +attentions, I hope to be able to satisfy the Ranger's crew, so that +they will postpone their return as long as the service may require." + +On the 13th of August, he wrote the commissioners from Brest, "I have +been five days in this place since my return from Passy, during which +time I have neither seen nor heard from Lieut. Simpson; but Mr. Hill, +who was last winter at Passy, and who sailed with me from Nantes, +informs me truly, that it is generally reported in the Ranger, and of +course throughout the French fleet and on shore, that I am turned out +of the service; that you gentlemen have given Mr. Simpson my place, +with a Captain's commission, and that my letter to you of the 16th of +July, was involuntary on my part, and in obedience only to your +orders. That these reports prevail, is not an idle conjecture, but a +melancholy tact. Therefore, I beseech you; I demand of you to afford me +redress--redress by a court martial," &c. On the 15th of August, he +wrote Capt. Abraham Whipple, then at Brest, requesting that a court +martial might be summoned for the trial of Simpson, but Capt. Whipple +writes him, explaining the impossibility of forming a court, and +expressing it as his opinion, that as he had given up the parole of +Simpson, in the most ample manner without asking for concessions, +nothing could be done. + +Lieut. Simpson sailed in the Ranger for America. On the 30th of August, +Jones's friend Mr. Williams, writing to him from Nantes, in relation to +the pending sale of the Drake, said, "I am sorry your affair with +Lieut. Simpson was not settled with mutual satisfaction. If he was not +gone, I should answer his charge of falsehood with the following +paragraph of his own letter to me, of the 1st of August, to mine, which +you say he calls false, viz: 'I recollect my telling you when at Brest, +that if Capt. Jones had condescended to have made any inquiry, or +permitted him to speak to me on the matter of my confinement, I was +ready to give him any satisfaction consonant with truth.' It is strange +he should recollect this when he wrote me the letter, and forget it +again when he told Mr. Hill it was false. Lieut. Simpson's letter to me +is in very respectful terms, and I wrote him a letter of thanks in +return. He desired me to present his respects to you, and tell you that +'your recommendation to the commissioners, which I mentioned, would, +with any services you had done him, be ever remembered with +gratitude.'" + +The Ranger arrived safe in America, and Lieut. Simpson was continued in +command of her until she was destroyed at Charleston, after which we +hear no more of him in the naval service. + +In February following, the commissioners addressed a letter to Jones, +stating, that as his separation from the Ranger, and the appointment of +Lieut. Simpson to the command of her would be liable to +misrepresentation, they certified that his leaving her was by their +consent, at the express request of M. de Sartine, who informed them +that he had occasion to employ Jones in some public service; that +Simpson was appointed to the command by the consent of Jones, who had +released him from the arrest he had placed him under; that Jones's rank +in the navy was not prejudiced by his leaving the Ranger; and that his +commission remained in full force. + +In a letter addressed to Robert Morris, dated Oct. 10, 1783, Jones +says, he "received orders to proceed to Europe, to command the great +frigate building at Amsterdam, for the U.S.; then called the Indien, +and since the South Carolina,"--and "it was proposed that he should +proceed to France in a ship belonging to that kingdom; but, some +difficulties arising, the sloop of war Ranger of 18 guns was put under +his command for that service, and to serve afterwards as a tender to +the Indien, but political reasons defeated the plan, and after seeing +the commissioners in Paris, agreeably to their order to consult on the +means of carrying it into execution, he returned to Nantes and resumed +the command of the Ranger." + +_Tuesday, July 28th._--This Day arrived from the Lamp [illegible] of 60 +guns, with news of an Engagement between the Fleets. + +_Wednesday, July 29th._--Last night arrived a 74 This Day arrived the +Fleet, excepting 1 of 80 1 of 60 and 1 Frigate, which they say parted +from them in the Fog--they appear to have sustained no very +considerable Damage in the late Fight. + +_Saturday, Augt. 8th._--Sent to the Hospital three of the Drake's +People viz: Jn^o. Wilkinson Pilot John Colbert & John Rickets Seamen. + +_Sunday, Augt. 9th._--Sent to the Hospital Joseph Larcher a Prisoner +from y^e Drake. + +_Saturday 15._--Last night arrived Here the Barton & Providence, +Whipple & Tucker from Nantes. + +_Thursday, 20th Augt._--Moved down in Company with the Providence & +Boston Frigates, about four Leagues & came too, to give the People an +Opportunity of expending their Prize Money. I had a very Fatiguing Time +up to Brest on Business for Capt. Simpson and the widow of my deceas'd +Friend Lt. Wallingford for whom I bought 32 Crowns worth. + +_Friday, 21st._--Very little wind this morning came to Sail & got down +about 2 Leagues & anchored. At 3 P.M. came to Sail again and ran out +with a fine Breeze. + +_Saturday, 22._--Very fine weather in the morning saw a Sail ahead were +order'd by our Commodore to give chase came up with Her about 5 P.M. a +Spanish Snow bound to Haver du Grace. + +_Sunday, 23rd Aug._--Chased a Dutchman all Day. + +_Monday, 24._--Spoke Brig call'd the Sally from London laden with +Provisions, Beef Flour & Butter, 150 Tons Burthen. Sent her to America. +Lat. 45.32 Long. 10.22. + +_Wednesday, September 2nd._--Being in chase in Latt. 47.21 Long. 27.24 +at 3 P.M. carry'd away Our fore Top Mast and Main Top gall. Mast. + +_Wednesday, Sept. 9th._--Latt. 46.7 Long. 36.29. Took a Brig called the +Friends from Granada bound to Glasco with Rum & Cotton about 100 Tons +Burden. 10 Bags Cotton 134 Puncheons Rum. + +_Wednesday, 16th Sept^r._ in Latt. 45.45 Long. 41.47 Took a Snow from +Newfoundland Laden with Fish 150 Tons Burthen. + +_Thursday 17th._--7 Morn gave chase to a large Ship to windward as far +as we could see them from Top of mast head 7 in the Evening, came very +near them but night coming on lost sight of them. + +_Friday, 25th September._--In Latt. 44.45 had soundings on the Banks of +Newfoundland in 82 Fathoms, Foggy. + +_Sunday, 27th Sept._--Spoke a Brig from Amsterdam called the William +Robert Stonehouse Comm^r. bound to Boston the same Day saw an Island of +Ice at a Distance which had the appearance of a Lofty Sail we pass'd +within a League of it to windward. The Brig is Laden with Tea and +Cordage. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Diary of Ezra Green, M.D. from +November 1, 1777, to September 27, 1778, by Ezra Green + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DIARY OF EZRA GREEN, M.D. *** + +***** This file should be named 36204.txt or 36204.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/6/2/0/36204/ + +Produced by Tor Martin Kristiansen, Joseph Cooper and the +Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +https://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +https://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at https://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit https://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including including checks, online payments and credit card +donations. To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + https://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. |