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diff --git a/35190.txt b/35190.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ff63db4 --- /dev/null +++ b/35190.txt @@ -0,0 +1,9046 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Torrent of Portyngale, by Unknown + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Torrent of Portyngale + +Author: Unknown + +Editor: Erich Adam + +Release Date: February 17, 2011 [EBook #35190] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TORRENT OF PORTYNGALE *** + + + + +Produced by Louise Hope, Taavi Kalju and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +book was produced from scanned images of public domain +material from the Google Print project.) + + + + + +[TranscriberaEuro(TM)s Note: + +This e-text includes characters that require UTF-8 (Unicode) file +encoding: + + E (yogh) + AEsAEs (l with line: see typograpic notes) + A. A|I, (vowels with less common diacritics: only in the Introduction) + +If any of these characters do not display properly, or if the +apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, +make sure your text readeraEuro(TM)s aEurooecharacter setaEuro or aEurooefile encodingaEuro is set +to Unicode (UTF-8). You may also need to change the default font. As a +last resort, use the Latin-1 version of the file instead. + +All footnotes are shown immediately after their referring paragraph. +Except in the Introduction, footnotes are identified by section: T1, +T2... (Torrent, main text), F1 (Fragments) and N1 (Notes). + +The main text is shown stanza by stanza. Sidenotes are grouped at the +beginning of the stanza, linenotes and numbered footnotes (rare) at the +end. Headnotes that originally came at mid-stanza have been moved to the +following stanza break. + +Italics representing expanded abbreviations are shown in {braces}. In +the aEurooeMetre and VersificationaEuro section of the introduction, emphasis +within italicized text is shown the same way. Emphasized words are +shown with +marks+. Typographic details are given at the end of the +e-text. + +Errors and anomalies in the main text are shown in [[double brackets]] +immediately after the linenotes for each stanza. Other errors are listed +at the end of the e-text. + +Except for brackets enclosing linenotes and errata, all brackets are +in the original. Line numbers in brackets are explained in the +Introduction.] + + + + + Torrent of Portyngale. + + + Early English Text Society. + Extra Series, No. LI. + 1887. + + + + + Berlin: Asher & Co., 5, Unter Den Linden. + New York: C. Scribner & Co.; Leypoldt & Holt. + Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co. + + + + + TORRENT OF PORTYNGALE. + + + Re-Edited + + From the Unique MS. in the Chetham Library, Manchester, + + by + + E. ADAM, Ph.D. + + + London: + Publisht for the Early English Text Society + By N. TrA1/4bner & Co., 57 & 59, Ludgate Hill. + MDCCCLXXXVII. + + + + + DEDICATED + + TO MY TEACHER AND HELPER, + + PROF. E. KA-LBING, Ph.D. + + + +Extra Series.+ + LI. + Richard Clay & Sons, Limited, London & Bungay. + + + * * * * * + * * * * + + Torrent of Portyngale. + + * * * * + * * * * * + + +INTRODUCTION. + + ASec. 1. _The MS. and HalliwellaEuro(TM)s edition_, p.A v. + + ASec. 2. _Metre and Versification_, p. vi. + + ASec. 3. _Dialect_, p. x; + _short vowels_, p. xi; + _long vowels_, p.A xii; + _inflexions_, p.A xiii. + + ASec. 4. a. _The contents of the Romance_, p. xvi; + b. _its character_, p.A xx; + c. _Origin of the story of Torrent_, p.A xxi; + d. _Legend of Eustache or Plasidas_, p.A xxii; + e. _Sir Isumbras_, p.A xxiv; + f. _Romances of Octavian_, p.A xxv; + g. _Sir Eglamour_, p.A xxvi; + h. _Comparison of Torrent and Eglamour_, p.A xxvii; + i. _the 2 Romances independent_, p.A xxx. + + ASec. 5. _Arrangement of this Edition_, p. xxxii. + + +ASec. 1. The manuscript from which the following romance of _Sir Torrent of +Portugal_ is taken, is a folio volume on paper, of the fifteenth +century, preserved in the Chetham Library at Manchester. + +A description of this volume is given by Halliwell in his _Account of +the European MSS. in the Chetham Library at Manchester_, Manchester, +1842, page 16, and by Prof. Koelbing in his _Englische Studien_, vii. +195. The only edition of this romance that we have hitherto had was done +by Halliwell. As he had, besides his own transcript, another copy made +by Madden, his text is a pretty accurate one, and therefore the results +of Prof. KoelbingaEuro(TM)s collation, printed in his _Englische Studien_, vii. +344 ff., concern, for the most part, things of little importance, except +one very curious passage, l. 88, where Halliwell renders the quite +correct reading of the MS., _pA la more de dewe_ = _par laEuro(TM)amour de dieu_, +by _Pericula more bedew[n]e_. Also, from l. 1720, the counting of the +lines is wrong by 100 lines. + +A few short fragments of a printed edition were found by Halliwell in +the Douce Collection, Bodleian Library, Oxford, and added to his work as +an Appendix. They contain the following passages of theA MS.: + + Fragment III. = lines 462-489. + aEuroz II. = aEuroz 492-520. + aEuroz VI. = aEuroz 820-851. + aEuroz V. = aEuroz 917-948. + aEuroz IV. = aEuroz 949-970. + aEuroz I. = aEuroz 1807-1866. + +A seventh fragment, of which not much more than the rhyming words are +preserved, was omitted by Halliwell, and was printed for the first time +in Prof. KoelbingaEuro(TM)s collation. + +This Chetham MS. contains the romance in a very debased and corrupt +form, so that the original reading in many passages can hardly be +recognized.[1] The scribe, who copied the poem from an older MS., lived +(no doubt) at a far later period than the poet; he did not therefore +understand a great many old expressions, and these he used to supplant +by words of his own; he also transposed and even omitted many lines, and +spoiled the rhyme, because he had not the slightest idea of the nature +of the stanza in which the poem is composed. Halliwell did not trouble +himself about the restoration of the true readings; he merely reproduced +the traditional text, even where it would have been very easy to do +more, though many passages are hopelessly corrupt; still worse is the +fact, that he did not recognize the metre as the tail-rhymed twelve-line +stanza, for he prints six-line stanzas. + + [Footnote 1: Halliwell says, Preface v f.: aEuro~It is very incorrectly + written, and the copy of the romance of Torrent of Portugal, which + occupies 88 pages of the book, contains so many obvious blunders + and omissions, that it may be conjectured with great probability + to have been written down from oral recitation.aEuro(TM)] + +In consequence, the whole of the philological work on the text had still +to be done, and a new edition was plainly necessary; the more that this +poem, though not written in the best period of romance poetry, treats of +a legendary subject widely spread in the Middle Ages, and is nearly +related to another poem, _Syr Eglamour of Artois_. + + +ASec. 2. METRE AND VERSIFICATION. + +As I mentioned before, the romance of _Sir Torrent_ is composed in the +well-known tail-rhymed twelve-line stanza, and belongs to that class of +it in which the first and the second couplets have different +rhyme-sounds (cf. Koelbing, _Amis and Amiloun_, p.A xiv ff.). Only the +incompleteness of many stanzas, and the many defects in reference to the +rhyme, can excuse Halliwell for not apprehending the character of the +metre. As to the structure of the eight lines of the four couplets, each +contains (or at least ought to contain) four accents, the _caudA|_ three; +but as we, unfortunately, possess only one MS., aA conclusive statement +on this point is impossible. There is no doubt about the fact that +neither the really incorrect rhymes nor the wanting of them can be due +to the author of the poem: even when romance poetry was decaying, the +poets were fairly perfect rhymers: with all deficiencies in this +department, the copyists are to be charged. + +_Consonant_ rhymes (s. _Schipper Altengl. Metrik_, p.A 299) are found +in _Torrent_ in the following passages: l. 141 _rode--rode_ ags. +_rA'd--rAcd_. 450 _the--the_ ags. _A3/4eA cubedn--A3/4e_. 1558 _indede--dede_. 2205 +_lay--lay_, _sg.--plr. prt._ + +_Identical_ rhymes are frequent, especially in the _caudA|_: 81 +_stond--stond_. 177 _there--there_. 500 _he--hee_. 1887 _there--there_. +2538 _blithe--blithe_. 39 _take--take_. 342 _bold--bold_, a.A s.A o. + +_Assonances_: 195 _bon~--Rome_. 518 _undyrstond--strong_. 537 +_name--alone_. 699 _yod--fotte_. 758 _name--tane_. 896 _bryng--wynd_. +1257 _overcom~--Aragon~_. 1768 _man~--cam~_. 2164 _anon~--fome_. 2544 +_sithe--hide_. + +Besides the rhymes we find abundant alliteration, as in most of the +Middle English Romances. On alliteration, cf. Regel, Die alliteration in +LaEamon, _Germ. Stud._ I. 171; F. Lindner, The alliteration in ChauceraEuro(TM)s +Canterbury Tales, _Essays on Chaucer_, Pt. III., p.A 197 ff. Koelbing, +_Sir Tristrem_, p.A xxxvii, and _Amis and Amiloun_, p. lxvi. Lindner as +well as Koelbing has adopted RegelaEuro(TM)s classification, and so shall I. The +most frequent is two alliterative words in one verse; they can be +classed in the following way:-- + +I. A. The same word is repeated in two succeeding lines; v. 456 f.: +_Forthe sche browght a {whyt} sted, As {whyt} as the flowyr in~ med_; +v. 618 f.: _In IV {quarters} he hym drowe, And euery {quarter} vppon a +bowe_. v. 2026 f.: _But ran into a {wilde}rnes Amongist beests that +{wyld} wes_. v. 2465 f.: _They axid {hors} and armes bryght, to +{hors}bak went thay in ffere_. + +B. _Alliterative combinations, one part of which is a proper name._ +_Torrent_ is several times combined with the verb _take_; 26: _Towarde +hym he {t}akythe {T}orrayne_; 224: _{T}orrent thether {t}oke the way_; +519: _{T}orrent {t}oke a dulful wey_; 2269: _Whan sir {T}orent was +{t}akyn~ than~_; 91: _Now, be my {t}rowthe, seyd {T}orent than~_; 1161: +_Alas, said {D}esoneAEsAEs the {d}ere_; 2523: _As was {d}ame {D}esoneAEsAEs_; +1906 = 1946 = 1969: _{M}ary {m}yld. To {s}end unto her {S}athanas._ +v. 1091: _The {c}asteAEsAEs of {C}ardon~._ + +II. A. _Words of the same root are alliterative._ 133: _Torrent, on +{kne} {kne}lyd he_; 671: _That on hys {kne} he {kne}ld_; 2502: _And +{kne}lid on her {kne}_; 205: _Torrent {kne}lyd on hys {kne}_ = v. 528; +881: _And {kne}lyd vppon ys {kne}_; 1883: _She {kne}lid down~ vppon~ her +{kne}_; 2563: _Down~ they {kne}lid on~ her {kne}_; 512: _By {d}ymmynge +of the {da}y_; 1158: _For her love {d}id I never no {d}ede_; 1801: _That +ylke {d}ede, that she hath {d}one_; 1943: _How she {fl}ew in a +{ffl}ight_; 2384: _{Liffe} and {lyv}elode, whiAEsAEs I {lyve}_; 233: +_AA {lyon~} & a {lyon}asse_; 1671: _For to {se} that {s}elly {s}ight_; +407: _For the {t}alles thou hast me {t}old_; 1466: _And fals {t}alis +hym~ {t}old_; 2578: _Euer we {wiAEsAEs} be at youre {wiAEsAEs}_. + +B. Relations in which alliterative words stand to each other according +to their meaning. + +_a._ Concrete ideas are joined together because they belong to the same +sphere of life. 2017: _{B}yrdus and {b}estis, aye woo ye be_; 113: +_{b}one and {b}lod_; 21: _{k}yng and {k}nyght_; 83: _And ryche +{c}astelles in that {c}ontre_; 251: _In lond with a {f}yndes {f}ere_; +102: _That {f}yndes {f}are for aye_; 1094: _Both at {k}nyght and +{k}nave_; 584: _Bothe in~ {f}rethe and in {f}eld_; 660: _Stomlyng +thurrow {f}rythe and {f}en~_; 1378: _Both be {h}old and be {h}yAEsAEs_; +2398: _{l}ym~ and {l}ith_; 750: _{L}ytyAEsAEs and {m}ykyAEsAEs, {l}ese and +{m}ore_; 1899: _That was {l}ord of aAEsAEs that {l}ond_; 2152: _Loo, +{l}ordys of euery {l}ond_; 2375: _With aAEsAEs {m}aner of {m}ynstralsye_; +149: _He reynyd hys {st}ed vnto a {st}ake_; 1065: _{W}aytes on the +{w}aAEsAEs gan blowe_; 13: _{w}ater and {w}ynde_. + +_b._ In the same way abstract ideas are connected, so far as they belong +to the same sphere of life. 460: _That {d}ethe ys {d}ynt schalt A3/4ou not +thole_; 1600: _Of {d}eth yaue he no {d}out_; 782 = 2062: _{f}eyer and +{f}re_; 2153: _{F}alshode wyAEsAEs haue a {f}oule end_; 1988: _{H}elpe and +{h}old I shaAEsAEs hym yeve_; 1492: _They {s}at and {s}ong_; 683: _Cryst hym +{s}aue and {s}ee_; 1303: _That he was {s}ad and {s}ore_; 1612: _set +{s}adly and {s}ore_; 335: _God that {s}ofryd wonddes {s}ore_; 322: +_{st}yff and {st}rong_ = 1491 = 2590; 1205: _That {w}ekyd was and +{w}ight_; 1584: _{w}ekyd and {w}ight_; 1849: _Her one child {w}oke and +be-gan to {w}epe_; 1559: _And {w}ot ye {w}eAEsAEs and not {w}ene_; 246: +_Sche {w}eppte_, _as sche were {w}od_. + +C. The grammatical relations in which the alliterative words stand to +each other. + +_a._ Subst. and adj. in attributive or predicative combinations. _As +{b}old as eny {b}ore_; _With {br}owes {br}od and wyde_; 142: _hys +{b}ugeAEsAEs {b}old_; 307: _In a {d}ongon~ that ys {d}ym_; 82: _My {f}ayer~ +{f}orestes {f}ellythe downe he_; 209: _The {f}eyer~ {f}yld_; 426: +_{gl}emyrryng ase the {gl}ase_; 1592: _{g}ood {g}ate_; 171 = 596: _the +{h}oltes {h}ore_; 1484: _To an {h}ye {h}yAEsAEs_; 1183: _{s}ydes {s}are_; +154: _Thowe the {w}ey nevyr so {w}ykkyd were_; 2054: _{w}ekyd {w}eders_; +506: _In the {w}yld-some {w}ay_; 535: _{W}yldsom {w}eyes haue I {w}ent_; +2030: _She {w}ent on that {w}ilsom~ {w}ay_. + +_b._ Verbs or adjectives combined with the adverb or substantive which +contains their secondary adverbial meaning. 1478: _To {b}e here at his +{b}ane_, cf. 1678: _That there his {b}ane hath {b}e_; 1944: _To her +{b}irdus was she {b}oun~_; 2016: _With {b}lis on euery {b}owEe_; 135: +_That {b}owght hym with hys {b}lod_; 1045: _Thurrow the {b}ody he gan +hym {b}ere_; 1404: _To the {b}ote they {b}are_; 334: _Thus he {c}ovyrd +owt of {c}are_; 27: _That {d}owghtty ys in {d}edde_, cf. 1725; 98: +_With-owt {f}ere that he schold {f}are_; 603 = 977: _Also {f}ast ase he +myght {f}are_; 536: _With {f}yndes for to {f}yght_; 802: _To {f}yght +with that {f}yndes {f}ere_; 1262: _That was {gr}ow both {gr}ene and +{g}ay_; 1060 = 2330: _Torent be the {h}ond he {h}ent_; 270: _That +{m}eche ys of {m}yght_; 713: _That {m}eche wase of {m}yght_; 24: _For +God ys {m}ost of {m}yght_, cf. 1112: _To a {m}an off {m}yght_; 1879: _Vp +she {r}ose ageyn~ the {r}ough_; 2100: _Go {s}ech her in~ the {s}ee_; +2129: _And {s}ett hym~ oute in to the {s}ee_; 2469: _That {s}emely to +{s}e were_; 126: _And {s}ymly was to {s}ene_; 415: _That dare I +{s}othely {s}ey_; 1170: _Torrent {s}ett on hym~ so {s}ore_; 139: +_Serttes, yf I hym {sl}epyng {sl}one_; 181: _Torrent vndyr hys {sp}ryt +he {sp}rent_; 179: _But {st}ond {st}yAEsAEs_; 2410: _He is so {st}iff at +euery {st}oure_; 987: _Torrent in~ the {st}orrope {st}od_; 1912: _For no +{st}roke wold she {st}ynt_; 2060: _By a {t}okyn~ I shaAEsAEs the {t}eAEsAEs_; +2397: _Or {w}alkyd in {w}ede_; 383: _In hys {w}alke ther ase he {w}ent_; +725: _And {w}ent forthe on hys {w}ey_; 107: _And on hys {w}ey gan he +{w}ynd_; 2030: _She {w}ent on that {w}ilsom~ {w}ay_; 989: _ale {w}yld at +{w}yle_; 2088: _In no {w}ise he {w}old_; 1206: _To {w}ed her to my +{w}yffe_; 749: _That {w}yt ys vndyr {w}ede_; 1315: _AAEsAEs men {w}onderid +on that {w}ight_; 33: _{w}orthyest in {w}ede_. + +_c._ Substantives and verbs are combined in the relation of subject and +predicate. 2221: _Down {kn}elid that {kn}yght_; 854: _Whether the {f}ynd +can {f}yght_; 2390: _There that his {l}ady {l}ent_; 2064: _My {l}ove was +on the {l}ent_; 1219: _Gret {l}ordys to churche her {l}ed_; 170: _The +fyndes {sp}ere {sp}arrythe hyme nothyng_; 84: _No {st}on lettythe he +{st}ond_. + +_d._ Verbs and substantives are combined as predicate and object. 2490: +_his {b}ak to {b}end_; 2532: _That {c}outh moche {c}urtesye_; 273: _Thy +{d}ethe than wyAEsAEs he {d}yght_, cf. 1043: _Hys {d}ethe to hyme ys +{d}yght_; 1648: _Thy {d}eth now is {d}ight_; 2123: _What {d}eth they +wold hym {d}o_; 161: _My lordes {f}rethe thus to {f}eAEsAEs_; 2235: _{F}ound +hym his {fi}AEsAEs off {ffy}ght_; 1743: _The {ff}orward ye to +{f}ulleffylle_; 651: _He {g}athyred svm of hys {g}ere_; 210: _Vpp both +his {h}andes he {h}eld_; 1799: _For Iesu is love, that {h}arood {h}eAEsAEs_; +1820: _Whan they {l}ed that {l}ady ffre_; 2080: _{L}eve we now that +{l}ady gent_; 1663: _Ech on other {l}aid good {l}ode_; 1495: _To god +that {m}ade {m}an_; 435: _AA gret {m}aynerey let he {m}ake ryght_; 264: +_To hym sche {m}ad here {m}one_; 645: _He {r}awght Torrent soche a +{r}owght_; 1172: _And aAEsAEs to {sh}everd his {sh}eld_; 502: _Tho he be +{st}rod anoble {st}ede_; 2482: _Torent be {str}ode a stede {str}ong_; +281: _IA schaAEsAEs the {t}eAEsAEs soche a {t}okyn~_; 2013: _Ne {w}anted she no +{w}oo_; 115: _He that schaAEsAEs {w}end soche a {w}ey_; 439: _Hom-ward to +{w}end ther {w}ey_; 2448: _And than~ to {w}end her {w}ay_; 2457: _And to +her logyng {w}ent her {w}ay_; 1544: _Other {w}ayes yf I {w}end_; 207: +_That hathe thys {w}orld to {w}yld_. + + +ASec. 3. THE DIALECT. + +The stanza of twelve lines was probably first employed in the north of +England; at least it would be difficult to prove the existence of a poem +composed in this metre in the southern part of the country; therefore it +is beforehand probable that the romance of _Torrent_ was composed either +in some part of the Midlands or in the North. In order to determine the +dialect more precisely, we restrict ourselves to a careful consideration +of the rhymes. + +1. SHORT VOWELS. + +Old English _Aef_ is (1) preserved before _n_ and _m_: 744 and 788 _Iame +-- +name+_. 927 _Adryan -- +jentylmane+_. 13 _+londe+ -- +wonande+_. 352 +_+stond+ -- +lygand+_. 1128 _+stond+ -- +shynand+_. No part. pres. +on-_ond_ rhyming with an unvariable _-ond_ has been traced out until +now, but 1824 _+wepand+ -- wonde_ (ags. _wunden_) seems to be the first. +2. Changed into _o_. 516 _rome -- +frome+_ ags. _rA"m -- fram_. 2446 +_+mon~+ -- done_. 1190 _none -- shone -- +anon+ -- done_. 1257 +_+ouercom+ -- Aragon~_. 1989 _son -- +can+_ (=A _+con+_). 2040 _+anon~+ +-- bone_. A curious exception is 1929 _+grame+ (=A greme) -- teme -- +Ierusalem_; cf. _Gaw._ l. 312. + +O.E. _e_, the _i_-umlaut of _a_, is preserved: 373 _end -- +wend+_. 476 +_+went+ -- jent_. 924 _teAEsAEs -- +hell+_. 1702 _+hell+ -- DesoneAEsAEse_. 1798 +_feAEsAEs -- +heAEsAEs+_. The past partic. of _seA cubedn_, _segen_, has been +contracted into _sen_. 1562 _+sene+ -- wene_. + +O.E. _A|_ has become _a_: 45 _+spake+ -- take_. 363 _ffare -- +bare+_. +726 and 876 _+sale+ -- PortynggaAEsAEse_. 1074 _passe -- +was+_. 1131 +_+sale+ -- tale_. 1233 _+thare+ -- fare_. 1236 _+was+ -- Sathanas_. 1399 +_care -- +thare+_. 2287 _+was+ -- alas_. + +_A|_ has become _e_: 2026 _wildernes -- +was+_. 764 _derre -- clere -- ++ware+_ (ags. _wA|r_). 1951 _+there+ -- bere_. 328 _+glad+_ (=A _gled_) -- +_redd_. + +_A|_ has become _ay_ by the vocalization of the following _g_: 25 +_+fayne+ -- Torrayne_. 1025 _+may+ -- +day+_, _+wey+ -- +laye+_. 1071 +_+say+ -- +day+_. 2029 _+day+ -- +way+_. + +O.E. _ea_ becomes _o_ before _ld_: 303 _+hold+ -- +bold+_, _fold_ (ags. +_folde_) -- _+cold+_. 422 _gold -- mold, +hold+ -- +told+_. + +_ea_ has become _a_: 399 _PortyngaAEsAEs -- +bale+_ (ags. _bealu_). 531 +_+care+ -- far~_ (ags. _cearu_). 1891 _ffare -- +care+_. + +_ea_ has become _e_: 1166 _beheld -- feld -- sheld -- +weld+_ (ags. +_wealdan_). 2359 _preste -- +breste+_ (ags. _bearst_). + +O.E. _eo_ has turned into _e_: 1166 _+beheld+ -- ffeld -- sheld -- +weld_. + +O.E. _Ae-_ is preserved as _i_ and _y_: 51 _+knyght+ -- +nyght+_. 307 +_+dym+ -- +hym+_. 1783 _+myld+ -- +child+_. Only once this vowel has +changed into _e_: 714 _+wret+ -- get_. _i_ rhymes with _e_: 3 _wynde -- +ende -- lende -- ffynde_. + +O.E. _A_ is unaltered: 422 _+gold+ -- +mold+_. 1122 _+gold+ -- +mold+_. + +O.E. _A-_ has become _o_: 367 _+dore+_ (ags. _duru_) -- _befor~_. 765 +_Aragon~ -- +son~+_. 1257 _+ouer com+ -- Aragon~_. 1762 _+com~+ -- +kyngdome_. 1801 _done -- +sonne+_ (ags. _sunu_). 2320 _+sonne+ -- +dungeon_. + +O.E. _yI_, the _i_-umlaut of _A-_, has the value of _i_, written _i_ or +_y_: 390 _+kysse+ -- iwysse_. 1564 _tiAEsAEs -- +fullefyAEsAEs+_, _yAEsAEs -- wyAEsAEs_. +1740 _evyAEsAEs -- +fulle fylle+_. Only once it rhymes with _e_: 1484 +_+hyAEsAEs+_ (=A _+heAEsAEs+_) -- _yeAEsAEs -- befeAEsAEs -- weAEsAEs_, never with _u_. + + +2. LONG VOWELS. + +O.E. _Ac_ is preserved in the following rhymes:[2] _a._ 39 _take -- ++stroke+_ (=A _strake_, ags. _strAcc_), _spake -- take_. 97 _+sore+ -- +fare_. 103 _+goos+ -- +takythe+_ (=A _gas -- tas_). 280 _wakyn~ -- ++tokyn+~_ (ags. _tAccen_). 334 _care -- +sore+_. 590 _fare -- wher_, +_+hore+ -- care_. 705 _fare -- +gere+_ (ags. _gAcr_). 788 _Iame -- name_, +_+bone+ -- schame_. 834 _+ga+ -- ma_. 977 _fare -- bare_, _+sare+ -- +chaffare_. 1143 _glade -- +rade+_. 1238 _Cate -- gate_, _bad -- +wott+_ +(ags. _wAct_). 1251 _+brod+ -- made_; cf. 1303, 1306, 1501, 1526, 1604, +1612, 1663, 1669, 1825, 1911, 2178, 2356, 2617. + + [Footnote 2: The rhymes with _tane_ and with _John_ are not + quoted, as these words occur also as _tone_ and _Johan_; they are, + therefore, of no use in fixing the sound of the _Ac_.] + +_b._ O.E. _Ac_ has changed into _o_: 16 _sone_ (ags. _sunu_) -- _+gon+_. +141 _rode -- +rode+_ (ags. _rA'd -- rAcd_). 195 _+bon+_ (ags. _bAcn_) -- +_Rome_. 238 _+wote+_ (ags. _wAct_) -- _fote_. 654 _browE -- +goo+_. 1062 +_+tho+ -- do_. Cf. 1196, 1226, 1295, 1381, 1809, 1812, 1815, 2013, 2025, +2028, 2037, 2046, 2295, 2298, 2301, 2542. The result is, that in 26 +cases old _Ac_ is preserved, in 22 cases changed into _A'_. + +O.E. _A|I,_ is turned into (1) _a_: 154 _+were+ -- fare_. 603 _fare -- ++were+_. 1020 _+were+ -- fare_. 2074 _care -- +ware+_. + +Into (2) _e_. 379 _+dede+_ (ags. _dA|I,d_) -- _hed_. 1047 _+were+ -- +chere_. 1053 _sped -- +lede+_ (ags. _lA|I,dan_). 1263 _stede -- +wede+_ +(ags. _wA|I,d_). + +Into (3) _o_. 1113 _+mone+_ (ags. _mA|I,nan_) -- _Aragon_. 1384 _beffore +-- there -- +were+_. + +O.E. _A'_ is preserved throughout: 73 _+wode+ -- +good+_. 112 _+rode+ -- ++blod+_. 118 _Rome -- +kyrstendome+_. 313 _+done+ -- +sone+_. + +Before _g_ the vowel _u_ resp. _w_ is inserted: 145 _+browght+ -- +nowght_. 279 _+browght+ -- +thowght+_. 2053 _+sought+ -- +brought+_. + +O.E. _A_ is preserved: 123 _+kene+ -- sene_. 743 _dede -- +sped+, wede_. +1849 _+wepe+ -- slepe_. 2055 _grene -- +kene+_. 2458 _be dene -- ++wene+_. + +O.E. _A(R)_ is preserved as _y_: 196 _+tyd+ -- +syd+_. 325 _+fyve+ -- ++lyve+_. 777 _+wyse+ -- deuyce_. 900 _+ryde+ -- +syde+_. + +O.E. _A"_ is written _ou_ resp. _ow_ in the French way: 921 _renowne -- ++towyn~+_. 978 _+downe+ -- renowne_. 1425 _+nowe+ -- rowe_. 2634 +_+mouth+ -- +couth+_. It has become _o_: 516 _+rome+ -- frome_ (ags. +_rA"m -- from_). Cf. 2641 _renown -- +son+_. + +O.E. _eAi_ has become _e_: 1929 _grame -- +streme+, Jerusalem_. 2554 +_Jerusalem~ -- +streme+_ (ags. _streAim_). + +O.E. _eA cubed_ has changed into _e_: 153 _+be+ -- hee_: 782 _+fre+ -- he_. +888 _+tre+ -- crystyantA(C)_. 1643 _+be+ -- charitA(C)_. 1861 _+ffree+ -- +citA(C)_. + +O.E. _A._ remains _y_: 1361 _pride -- +bedsyde+_. 1433 _pryde -- +ryde+_. +1473 _+wyde+ -- pride_. _A._ or _A_, the _i_-umlaut of _eAi_ or _e_, is +found as _e_: 63 _were -- +here+_ (ags. _hA.ran_). 235 _+here+ -- were_. +327 _sted -- yed, +nede+ -- sped_. 408 _yede -- +ned+_. 1552 _stede -- ++nede+, indede_. + + +3. THE INFLEXIONS. + +The plural of the substantives terminates in (1) _s_ resp. _ys_: 837 +_+ryghtys+ -- knyghtes_. 1298 _+stonys+ -- nonys_. + +(2) in _n_: 458 _+slon+ -- appon_. 1116 _done -- +shone+_. 1193 _+shone+ +-- anon, done_. + +(3) is formed by _i_-umlaut: _+men+_ 1784, 2282, but 2197 _wan -- +men+_ +(=A _man_). + +(4) has no inflexion: 651 _+gere+ -- +spere+_. 705 _far -- +gere+_. 836 +_hend -- +frende+_, _sende_. 1173 _ffere -- +yere+_. 1405 _hend -- ++frend+_. 1556 _+stone+ -- gone_. 2188 _were -- +yere+_. 2194 _here -- ++yere+_. The inflexions of the adjectives have totally disappeared. + +The _infinitive_ ends in _-ne_ or _n_, or has no termination at all. +(1)A with _n_: 123 _kene -- see_ (=A _+sene+_). 217 _ageyne -- +sayne+_. +262 _fayne -- +slayne+_. 489 _Mavdeleyn -- +seyne+_; 16 _sone -- +gon+_. + +(2) without _n_: 67 _sake -- +take+_. 93 _kynd -- +fynd+_. 148 _+wake+ +-- stake_. 184 _so -- +goo+_. 434 _Adolake -- +take+_. 1062 _tho -- ++do+_. 1762 _me -- +se+_. + +The 2nd person sing. of the pres. ind. occurs only once in the rhyme, +1333 _tase -- +thou hase+, tas -- gas_. + +The 3rd person sing. of the present indicative ends in _s_: 187 +_+tellys+ -- ellys_. 2317 _rose -- +gose+_. 558 _+tellythe+ -- elles_ +(The rhyme shows that _+tellys+_ must be inserted; cf. 103 _gos -- +takythe_, and 858 _gothe -- toke_ = _+gas+ -- +tas+_.) Only once _th_ +occurs: 2047 _Nazareth -- +gethe+_ (ags. _gA|A deg._). On this remarkable form +see Zupitza, _Guy of Warwick_, note on l. 11075. The plural has no +termination: 3A _+wynde+ -- ende -- lende_. + +The _subjunctive_ mood has no inflexions: 70 _+sped+ -- stede_, 3rd +pers. 87 _+blynd+ -- wynde_, 3rd pers. 213 _fyld -- +schyld+_, 3rd pers. +416 _sey -- +may+_, 2nd pers. sg. 584 _feld -- +schyld+_, 3rd pers. sg. +1978 _+saue+ -- haue_; but observe 139 _+slone+ -- none_ and 1839 +_+sene+ -- grene_. + +The _present participle_ ends usually in _-ande_ (_onde_): 13 _londe -- ++wonande+_. 127 _fonde -- +growonde+_. 315 _+levand+ -- bond_. 352 +_stand -- +lygand+_. 358 _vndyrstond -- +levand+_. 1128 _stond -- ++shynand+_. 1280 _+fayland+ -- lond_. 1445 _+fleand+ -- waraunt_. 1452 +_ffand -- +goand+_. 1821 _lond -- +wepand+_. 1899 _lond -- +pleyand+_. +2104 _hond -- +levand+_. Thrice _-yng_ is found: 268 _kyng -- ++dwellyng+_, 1638 and 2568. + +The _gerund_ terminates always in _ing_ (_yng_): 1479 _kyng -- ++ryding+_. 1503 _+comyng+ -- kyng_. 1933 _ryng -- +lettyng+_. 2509 _kyng +-- +lesyng+_. + +Observe the 2nd pers. sing. of a past tense, 1589 _+thou cam~+ -- +slan~_, of a praeterito-praesens, 410 _they -- sey, +thow may+_. 1543 +_away -- aye, +may+_. 2001 _+may+ -- welaway_. + +The _past participle_ of strong verbs terminates in _n_: 482 _+syne+ -- +schene, wene -- clene_. 675 _+slayne+ -- rayne_. 800 _+slayne+ -- +trayne_. 1292 _fayn~ -- +slayn~+_. 1562 _+sene+ -- wene_. 2323 _alone -- ++slone+_. We donaEuro(TM)t find one certain instance for the dropping of this +_n_, besides 1678 and 2063 _be_. + +The _past tense plural_ of strong verbs has the same vowel as the +singular: 1452 They _+ffound+_ (r.A _ffand_) -- _goand_. 1458 _+began+ -- +gentilman_. 1753 _tong -- +dong+_. + +The 3rd pers. of the present indic. of _to be_ = _ys_ or _es_: cf. 738 +_blyse -- +ys+_. 2413 _+ys+ -- Raynes_. Once _+ys+_ is found as plural: +2524 _+ys+ -- iwys_. The _present subjunctive_ is _be_ through all +persons: 208 _+be+ -- me_, 2nd pers. 614 _+be+ -- se_, 3rd pers. 884 +_the -- +bee+_, 3rd pers. 2017 _+be+ -- me_, 2nd pers. plr. The +infinitive _+be+_ and _bene_: 49 _the -- +bee+_. 483 _+be+ -- see_. 1643 +_+be+ -- charite_. 903 _the -- +bee+_. 1833 _clene -- +bene+_. 2161 +_quene -- +bene+_. 2613 _+bene+ -- kene_. The _past tense singular +number_ is _was_ or _wes_: 247 _alas -- +wase+_. 426 _glase -- +was+_. +771 _pase -- +wase+_. 1873 _wyldernes -- +was+_ (=A _wes_). The plural +_were_, _ware_, _wore_, as well as _was_, _wes_: (1) l. 402 _+wer~+ -- +cher_. 1047 _+were+ -- chere_. 1845 _+were+ -- ffere_. 2586 _squiere -- ++were+, here -- clere_. (2) 603 _fare -- +were+_. 2494 _+ware+ -- bare_. +1384 _beffore -- there, +were+_ (=A _wore_). (3) 384 _pase -- +wase+_. +1388 _passe -- +was+_. (4) 2026 _wildernes -- +was+_ (=A _wes_). 2545 +_wildernes -- +was+_; cf. l. 2584. The subjunctive mood of the past +tense is _were_ and _ware_, in sgl. and plr.: 225 _+were+ -- clere_. 235 +_here -- +were+_. 1696 _chere -- +were+_. 2476 _+were+ -- bere_. 154 +_+were+_ (=A _ware_) -- _fare_. 1020 _+wer+_ (=A _ware_) -- _fare_. 2074 +_care -- +ware+_. The past participle: 7A _bedene -- +ben+_. 172 _+byne+ +-- seyn_. 2344 _+ibene+ -- kene_. 1678 _+be+ -- crystiaunte_. + +From this inquiry into the sounds and inflexions, the following +conclusions can be drawn: + +The development of _Aef_ is of no use in fixing the dialect. Nor is _ea_, +which has become _a_, _o_, and _e_, to be deemed a characteristic either +of the Midland or Northern dialect. Ags. _ea_ occurs as _o_ as early as +1250 in the _Northumbrian Psalter_, and 50 years afterwards in _Sir +Tristrem_ and _Sir Perceval_; even Richard Rolle in his _Pricke of +Conscience_ offers one instance of this change (cf. _Sir Tristrem_, +p. lxixA f.). + +The development of the ags. _Ac_, which we find in 26 passages as _a_, in +22 as _o_, is remarkable. There are only a very few instances of this +change in _Sir Tristrem_, p. lxxi, and in the _Psalter_; and this almost +equal number of _a_- and _o_-rhymes proves evidently that the poem +cannot belong to a Northern country. At the same time, aA proportion like +that would be impossible in a text of Southern origin. The same negative +result is to be derived from the fact that Ags. _y_ is always +writtenA _y_. + +As to the inflexions, the plurals of the substantives are formed by +adding _-s_ or _-n_ (_en_), or by vowel change, or they have no +inflexions at all. As for the inflexion _-n_, it only occurs in _slon_ +and _shon_, and of this very word the plural in _n_ is to be met with +even in Northern writers. + +The infinitives both preserve or drop the final _n_, as is the rule with +the Midland dialect; the form of the past participle with _n_ accords +with the use of the Northern writers. + +The present partic. ending in _-and_ and the past tense plurals of +strong verbs having adopted the vowel of the singular, agree with the +North as well as with the northern districts of the Midland, in the same +way as some forms of _to be_: plr. prs. _ys_ and plr. prt. _was_, +besides the usual forms _be_ and _are_, resp. _were_ and _ware_, and the +contracted forms of _take_: 758 _name -- +tane+_. 1095 _gane -- ++itane+_. 1825 _+ta+ -- twa_ (cf. 231, 286, 859, 1333, 1475, 1722, 1733, +2617). + +The forms _thou has_ and _thou may_ point to the West. + +The inflexions of the 3rd pers. prs. sg. are _-th_ and _-s_. In the +western part of the Midland we never meet with the ending _th_, but only +with _s_. In _Amis and Amiloun_, the Eastern origin of which seems to be +sure, only the inflexion _-eA3/4_ is found in the rhyme (_Amis_, +p.A xxxA ff.). + +The romance of _Sir Torrent_ seems to be the first document hitherto +considered where both these forms occur, one by the side of the other. +Perhaps this fact justifies us in concluding that this poem was composed +in the east, but on the borders of the west, Midland. + + +ASec. 4. THE CONTENTS OF THE ROMANCE. + +Before entering on an inquiry into the sources of the romance, it may be +expedient to give a short account of its contents. + + In Portugal once reigned a mighty king, whose name was Calamond. + He had an only daughter, the fair and gentle Desonelle, who was + loved by a young knight called Torrent, son of a Portuguese count. + As he could not win her, save by distinguishing himself by valiant + exploits, he undertook several adventurous expeditions. First he + set out, by the order of the king, against a mischievous and + dangerous giant, whom he found lying fast asleep on a hill. He + roused the giant by sounding his bugle, and challenged him to + fight. Instantly a fierce combat ensued, in which the awkward + giant lost his life. In the giantaEuro(TM)s castle the young hero + delivered a maiden, Eleonore, daughter of the king of Gales, from + captivity, and rescued at the same time four princes, whom the + giant had taken some time before and imprisoned in an iron cage. + + After a short rest Torrent returned into Portugal. He was kindly + received by King Calamond, and splendid festivities were + celebrated in his honour. The kings of Gales and of Provence + showed their gratitude by bestowing on him rich presents, among + them a precious sword wrought by Wayland Smith. Desonelle gave him + one of her fine palfreys. Calamond, however, shrewd as he was, and + envious of the heroaEuro(TM)s fame, plotted his ruin. He caused him, by a + counterfeit letter of Desonelle, to catch her a falcon in the + forest of Maudlen, which was the haunt of a dangerous giant, + Rochense, and of many wild beasts. Torrent and his squire set out + immediately, but separated on entering the forest, to hunt in the + thicket each by himself. Torrent soon encountered a huge dragon, + and killed it by vehement strokes. The squire, having meanwhile + fallen in with the giant, had been slain by him. The hero, called + to the place by the tumult of battle, attacked the giant, and + overcame him after a hard struggle. He cut off his head to bear + with him as a trophy. He then went into the giantaEuro(TM)s castle, where + he found a great many jewels, and a bright sword called + Mownpolyard. Having returned to the royal court, he ordered five + priests to say masses for his squireaEuro(TM)s soul. At this very time it + happened that the king of Arragon sent messengers to the king of + Portugal, in order to bring about a marriage between Desonelle and + his youngest son. Calamond would not listen to the advice of his + spouse, that he should no longer refuse Desonelle to Torrent, but + he promised her to the prince of Arragon, and at the same time + sent the hero once more against a giant, Slogus of Foulles in + Calabre. + + Torrent departed well armed, and after a prosperous voyage arrived + in Calabre. There he soon met the giant, who was one-eyed like the + Cyclops, and bore a huge cudgel as his only weapon. Torrent threw + his spear into the fiendaEuro(TM)s eye, and thus overcame him without any + long struggle. The king of Calabre graciously welcomed the hero, + and largely rewarded him for the service he had rendered his + country. Having returned into Portugal, Torrent heard that in a + few weeks Desonelle was to be married to the prince of Arragon. + Arrayed in knightly dress, he rode right off to CalamondaEuro(TM)s court, + and challenged his rival to fight. After a short struggle he + completely vanquished his antagonist, stretching him on the + ground. The next day, as the king, surrounded by his noble guests, + banqueted in the great hall of the castle, Torrent entered with + the giantaEuro(TM)s head in his hand, and harshly demanded the kingaEuro(TM)s + daughter; he called all the lords to witness of CalamondaEuro(TM)s + perfidy. + + The Emperor of Rome now interceded, and it was agreed at his + suggestion that Torrent should fight once more against a giant + named Cate; if he vanquished that adversary, he should obtain + Desonelle and half Arragon. On an isle near the sea-shore the + struggle began in presence of the assembled knights. Torrent + struck the club out of the giantaEuro(TM)s hand, put him to flight, and + killed him as he ran away, casting stones at him. Then the Emperor + decided, with the approbation of all his knights, that the hero + had won both the land and the maiden. + + Torrent obtained Desonelle, and rejoiced in the possession of her, + but no solemn marriage was performed. + + Twelve weeks after, he left his spouse, impelled by his venturous + and ambitious mind; for the king of Norway asked him to fight + against a wild giant who had carried off his daughter and was + destroying his castles. Torrent bade his mistress farewell, + leaving her two golden rings as talismans, and set off with fifty + companions. Arrived at the coast of Norway, he and his companions + entered a dense forest, in which a great many wild beasts lived. + His companions, seized with fear, parted from him, and continued + their voyage at sea. They told the king of Norway the false tale + that Torrent had perished on shore. The king then set out himself + to rescue his daughter. Torrent meanwhile encountered a giant + named Weraunt, CateaEuro(TM)s brother, and slew him in a hard struggle, + but was himself wounded. In the giantaEuro(TM)s castle he saved Gendres, + daughter of the Norwegian king, and conducted her to her father. + On the road they were met by a large train of gallant knights, and + were then convoyed in triumph to the kingaEuro(TM)s court. There Torrent + soon recovered from his wounds, and was amply rewarded with + honours and presents. He stayed above twelve months at the + Norwegian court. The false companions of Torrent were drowned in + the sea by the kingaEuro(TM)s command, but one squire escaped to Portugal, + and reported the tidings that Torrent yet remained in Norway. Soon + after, as Desonelle was delivered of twins, the hatred of Calamond + suddenly broke out against her. By his order, Desonelle and her + two children were put to sea in a small boat; but a favourable + wind saved them from ruin, and drove the boat upon the coast of + Palestine. As she, helpless, wandered about the downs, aA huge + dragon (griffin or gripe) appeared, and seized one of her + children, and immediately after a wild leopard dragged away the + other. With submission she suffered her miserable fate, relying on + the help of the Holy Virgin. + + The king of Jerusalem, just returning from a voyage, happened to + find the leopard with the child, which he ordered to be saved and + delivered to him. Seeing from the foundlingaEuro(TM)s golden ring that the + child was of noble descent, and pitying its helpless state, he + took it into his palace, and brought him up as his own son (as it + were) at his court. The child was named Leobertus. + + The dragon or gripe with the other child was seen by a pious + hermit, St. Antony, who, though son of the king of Greece, had in + his youth forsaken the world. Through his prayer St. Mary made the + dragon put down the infant; Antony carried him to his father, who + adopted him and ordered him to be baptized. He was named Antony + fice Greffoun (Antony, son of the griffin or gripe). + + Desonelle wandered up and down, after the loss of her children, + till she happened to meet the king of Nazareth hunting. He, + recognizing her as the king of PortugalaEuro(TM)s daughter, gave her a + kind welcome and assistance. At his court she lived several years + in happy retirement. Torrent returned at length into Portugal, + notwithstanding all the entreaties of the Norwegian king that he + would dwell in Norway somewhat longer. At his arrival, King + Calamond took refuge in his stronghold, and greeted him from + thence with scornful words. Torrent, after having summoned his + friends from Arragon, Provence, and Calabre, conquered the castle, + and took Calamond prisoner. The traitor was sent out to sea in a + leaky boat, and perished. + + In his stead, Torrent was elected king by all the noblemen of the + empire, and took the crown. But forty days after this, he quitted + his realm, having intrusted two knights with its government, and + passed to the Holy Land at the head of a large force. There he + fought fifteen years against the infidels, conquered several + towns, and got immeasurable treasures as booty. The king of + Jerusalem, hearing about TorrentaEuro(TM)s deeds, and anxious for his own + security, sent his son Leobertus, with an army of 50,000 men, + against Torrent. AA pitched battle began, but it was for a long + time doubtful to which side victory would incline, till at last + the two chiefs encountered. The son vanquishing his father decided + the fate of the battle. Torrent was conveyed as a prisoner to + Jerusalem, and thrown into a dungeon. There he lay above a year, + till he was once overheard complaining his misfortunes by his son, + who, touched with pity, prevailed upon the king to set Torrent at + liberty. In this new state Torrent soon found an opportunity to + show his valour and skill in arms, when a grand tournament was + held at Jerusalem. There he proved sole victor over all the + knights, and got the chief prize. The king of Nazareth, who had + assisted at this joust, telling his folk at home who had won the + prize, described the arms and escutcheon of the valiant knight. By + these Desonelle recognized her beloved spouse. At her request the + king called princes and knights from all parts of the world to a + great tournament. The kings of Jerusalem, Greece, Leobertus, + Antony fice Greffoun, and Torrent answered the call. Before an + illustrious assembly of mighty princes and noble ladies, all of + whom were surpassed by Desonelle in beauty and grace, the + tournament began. Leobertus and Antony excelled in it, but the + chief was Torrent, who performed wonders in the joust, vanquishing + all valiant adversaries. The next morning Desonelle could no + longer brook reserve, and was about to discover herself to + Torrent; but overwhelmed with joy she fainted, when she had + scarcely uttered the first words of greeting. It was not till + midday that she was able to tell Torrent and the other knights her + fates and those of her children. Then parents and children + passionately embraced on recognizing each other. At TorrentaEuro(TM)s + request, all of them, with the kings of Nazareth, Jerusalem, and + Greece, and many attendants, sailed for Portugal. There the + nuptials of Torrent with Desonelle were celebrated with a great + round of splendid festivities. Torrent was finally elected Emperor + of Rome, and reigned a long time gloriously. He lies there buried + in a fair abbey. + + A benediction finishes the romance. + +If we take a survey of the poem, we shall recognize in its conception a +harmonious plan and a certain unity of action, which, as in most of the +romances, is founded on the hero and the interest he affects us with +(See Ten Brink, _Engl. Literat._, I. p.A 317). In the centre of the +action is placed TorrentaEuro(TM)s love of Desonelle; for all the various +combats that he undertakes against dragons and giants, against the +prince of Arragon and King Calamond, are undertaken solely to gain him +Desonelle. Even his expedition against the infidels and the fighting +with his son are designed by Providence to make him find again his lost +love. Halliwell (Preface, p.A vii), therefore, is not right in deeming +the romance aEuro~aA rambling poem of adventures without much plot.aEuro(TM) The +length and tediousness of the episodes may have prevented him from +recognizing the unity of the whole. At the same time, however, it must +be admitted that the poem cannot rank with the masterpieces of romantic +poetry written in the same metre, like _Amis and Amiloun_, _Ipomadon_, +_Kyng of Tars_, _Octavian_, either in the invention of plot or in the +dissection of passions. The diction is so swelled with stereotyped +phrases, and so surfeited with trivialities, that we may justly suppose +the poem to have been composed at a period when romantic poetry had +passed its best time, and had begun to decay. As to the authorship of +the poem, it was probably composed by a monk. It is an easy thing to +show peculiarities in the course of the story which are essentially +monkish. As the romance begins and ends with a benediction, in the same +way each deed and each adventure of the hero is introduced and finished +by long prayers. Moreover, the poet points frequently to a direct +interposition of Heaven (ll. 675, 1568, 1948); he describes the anguish +and sorrow that Desonelle feels about her childrenaEuro(TM)s baptism (ll. +1892-1896 and 2074-76); he mentions emphatically Communion and +Confession (1272 and 2139), Masses (756 and 813); he finally praises the +Emperor for founding churches and abbeys (l.A 2658). On the other side, +we find very few of those marks which characterize the works of +minstrels: the poet seldom predicts the fates of his heroes to excite +the attention of his auditors; he mentions only by the way the +performances of the gleemen, and nowhere speaks of the rewards that they +get. + +Passing to a special inquiry into the origin of the story of Torrent, +IA cannot persuade myself that it is of the poetaEuro(TM)s own invention, as that +would be the only instance of a Middle-English romance not being taken +from foreign originals (except, of course, ChauceraEuro(TM)s _Sir Thopas_, which +was written to ridicule this whole branch of poetry), whilst slight +alterations or additions were frequently introduced by the translators. +AA French original of the romance is supposed by Halliwell to have +existed (Preface, vi). He says, aEuro~It is probably, like the second copy of +the romance of Horn, aA modernized version of an older English romance, +which was itself translated from the French. IA have not been able to +discover any traces of the French original, but there are some singular +allusions to its origin in the poem itself. IA allude to the frequent +references to the _Book of Rome_.[3] This term was applied to the French +language, in which most of the old romances were originally written.aEuro(TM) As +for me, IA donaEuro(TM)t think that we can much rely upon references of this +kind, because they are common to all of these Middle-English romances. +Of a somewhat greater weight is perhaps the fact that one or two of the +proper names are French; and even the oath, aEuro~par laEuro(TM)amour de dieu,aEuro(TM) is +worth mentioning. After all, there is no evident proof as to the French +origin. But there is no doubt that the story of Torrent in its principal +features--the adversities of a family separated by misfortunes, the +mother robbed of her children by wild beasts, at last united +again--proceeded from the old Eustache legend.[4-5] Therewith another +motive is combined, that of the woman innocently condemned, on which +motive a large stock of legends is founded; for instance, those of +Crescentia, Sibilla, Oliva, Genovefa, Griseldis and Octavian legends. +Upon this motive and its old origin from India, see Streve, aEuro~The +Octavian legend,aEuro(TM) _Erlangen Dissert._,A 84. + + [Footnote 3: On this term see _Octavian_, ed. Sarrazin, + p.A xxxviii.] + + [Footnote 4: See WartonaEuro(TM)s opinion upon the legendary origin of + many romances, _History of Engl. Poetry_, London, 1824, I. + p.A ccxliv: aEuro~Many romances were at first little more than legends + of devotion, containing the pilgrimage of an old warrior. At + length, as chivalry came into vogue, the youthful and active part + of the pilgrimaEuro(TM)s life was also written. The penitent changed into + the knight-errant.aEuro(TM) Sometimes, of course, the opposite change may + have taken place, as for instance is probably the case with the + story of the two faithful friends, Amis and Amiloun (cf. Koelbing, + _Amis_, p. lxxxi), and with the story of Robert the Devil (cf. + _Sir Gowther_, ed. Breul, p.A 74).] + + [Footnote 5: See the edition of _The worthie Hystorie of + Plasidas_, 1566, by H.A H. Gibbs, for the Roxburghe Club, 1873.] + +I will consider first the legend of Eustache in its original version. +According to the Greek Martyr Acts, which were probably composed in the +eighth century, this saint was before his baptism a captain of Trajan, +named Placidus. As he one day hunted in the forest, the Saviour appeared +to him between the antlers of a hart, and converted him. Placidus +changed his name into Eustache, when he was baptized with his wife and +sons. God announced to him by an angel his future martyrdom. Eustache +was afflicted by dreadful calamities, lost all his estate, and was +compelled to go abroad as a beggar with his wife and his children. As he +went on board a ship bound for Egypt, his wife was seized by the +shipmaster and carried off. Soon after, when Eustache was travelling +along the shore, his two children were borne away by a lion and a +leopard. Eustache then worked for a long time as a journeyman, till he +was discovered by the Emperor Trajan, who had sent out messengers for +him, and called him to his court. Reappointed captain, Eustache +undertook an expedition against the Dacians. During this war he found +his wife in a cottage as a gardener,--the shipmaster had fallen dead to +the ground as he ventured to touch her,--and in the same cottage he +found again his two sons as soldiers: herdsmen had rescued them from the +wild beasts, and brought them up. Glad was their meeting again! But as +they returned to Rome, they were all burnt in a glowing bull of brass by +the EmperoraEuro(TM)s order, because they refused to sacrifice to the heathen +gods. + +This legend, which reminds us at once of the story of Job, has been +incorporated in almost all mediA|val collections of legends, and upon it +are founded some mediA|val poems, which are enumerated by H. Knust in his +splendid work _Dos Obras DidAicticas y dos Leyendas_, Madrid, 1878; cf. +R. KAhler, _Zeitschrift fA1/4r rom. phil._ III, p.A 272 ff., Varnhagen, +_Anglia_, III, p.A 399 ff.; two latin versions are edited by the same, +_Zeitschrift fA1/4r deutsches Alterthum_ XXIV, p.A 241 ff., and XXV, +p.A 1A ff. + +English legends of Eustache are to be found + +(1) In AlfricaEuro(TM)s _Passiones Martyrum_; see Horstmann, _Altenglische +Legenden_, Second series, Heilbronn, 1881, p.A xli. + +(2) In the South-English collection, _l.c._ p. xlviii. + +(3) In the Northern collection, pp. lxi and lxiv. HerrigaEuro(TM)s _Archiv_ 57, +p.A 262A ff. + +(4) In the Scottish collection of legends, said to be BarbouraEuro(TM)s. Cf. +BarbouraEuro(TM)s _Legendensammlung_, ed. C. Horstmann, Heilbronn, 82, ii. +p.A 12. + +(5) In the old Engl. translation of the _Legenda aurea_, see Horstm., +_l.c._, p. cxxxv. CaxtonaEuro(TM)s edition of the legend, No. 196. + +(6) The complete text of the legend printed in HorstmannaEuro(TM)s +above-mentioned collection, _Altengl. Legendensamml._, p.A 211A ff. + +(7) _St. Eustas_, by I. Partridge, see GibbsaEuro(TM) above-mentioned edition, +and Horstm., _l.c._ p.A 472A ff. + +With this legend are connected, more or less, the following poems, which +it is necessary to speak of in turn: + +(1) The Pseudo-Chrestien epic poem, _Guillaume daEuro(TM)Engleterre_.[6] + + [Footnote 6: _Guill. daEuro(TM)Engleterre_, ed. Fr. Michel, _Chron. + Anglo-Norm._, III. 39-172. On the authorship of this poem see C. + Hofmann, _Sitzungsberichte der MA1/4nch. Akad._, 1870, II. p.A 51, and + P. Meyer, _Romania_, VIII. p.A 815A f.] + +(2) The two Middle High German poems, _Die gute Frau_,[7] and (3) _Der +Graf von Savoyen_.[8] + + [Footnote 7: _Die gute Frau_, ed. E. Sommer in HauptaEuro(TM)s + _Zeitschrift fA1/4r deutsches Alterthum_, II. 389.] + + [Footnote 8: _Der Graf v. Savoyen_, ed. F. H. v. d. Hagen, + _Minnesinger_, IV. 640, and Eschenburg, _DenkmAler altdeutscher + Dichtkunst_, Bremen, 1799.] + +(4) The romances of _Isumbras_; (5) of _Octavian_; (6) last, _Syr +Eglamour of Artois_, and (7) _Sir Torrent of Portugal_. + +The first five have been treated by Holland in his book, _Chrestien de +Troies_, TA1/4bingen, 1854. + +According to HollandaEuro(TM)s opinion, all of these are derived from the legend +of Eustache. He has not exactly inquired into each of them, but +restricts himself to a detailed account of their contents. AA critical +inquiry into these poems, except the romance of _Octavian_, has been +recently published by J. Steinbach: _Der einfluss des Crestien de Troies +auf die altenglische literatur_. Leipzig, 1886, p.A 41 ff. As to the +French and the two German poems, it may be sufficient to refer to this +exhaustive essay, since it is only by the same legendary origin that +they are connected with _Sir Torrent_; otherwise they are quite +different. + +But of the English romances of _Sir Isumbras_ and of _Octavian_ it is +necessary to treat more minutely. _Isumbras_ was edited first by +Utterson in his _Select Pieces of Early Popular Poetry_, London, 1817; +secondly by Halliwell in _The Thornton Romances_, from the Lincoln MS. +A. i. 17. AA critical edition of this poem has long been promised by +Prof. Zupitza. + +In this romance the legend of Eustache can be most clearly recognized. +Its contents are, indeed, somewhat transformed according to the taste of +the later Middle Ages: the Roman captain is changed into a Christian +knight, who performs wonders in fighting against the infidels; he finds +his wife as queen of a heathen country; they end their lives as mighty +princes, and so on. The legendary style has been supplanted by the +romantic diction,[9] but the leading features remain the same. In his +above-mentioned essay, pp.A 46-48, Steinbach concludes, from a detailed +comparison of the contents, that the author of _Isumbras_ did not derive +his story from the epic poem, _Guillaume daEuro(TM)Engleterre_, but from an +original which bore a still greater resemblance to the legend of +Eustache, and, at the same time, contained many of those additions which +are to be found in all versions of the legend. Whether this original was +composed in Latin, French, or Anglo-Norman, Steinbach does not pretend +to determine. + + [Footnote 9: On this text see Sarrazin, _Octav._, p. xlv; he + speaks of aEurooedie entstellte, spielmannsmAssig zersungene Form, in + der die Thornton Ms uns die legende A1/4berliefert. . . . . . + dasselbe Pathos, dieselbe SentimentalitAt und FrAmmelei, aber auch + dieselbe anschauliche und lebhafte ErzAhlungsweise (sc. as in + Oct.).aEuro] + +To _Isumbras_ I join a few remarks on the romance of _Octavian_, which +was edited by Halliwell for the Percy Society, _The Romance of the +Emperor Octavian_, London, 1844; and by Sarrazin, _Zwei mittelengl. +Versionen der Octaviansage_, in KoelbingaEuro(TM)s _Altengl. Bibliothek_, Band +III. As for its contents, cf. Sarrazin, as above, p.A xviii ff. +Concerning the origin of the story, he agrees in general with Holland, +only he shows a still nearer connection between _Isumbras_ and +_Octavian_, taking the former for a mere imitation of the latter. This +opinion, however, cannot be proved. As I cannot enter into detail, +IA only observe that the contents of _Octavian_ are a great deal more +complicated and copious than those of _Isumbras_, which is simple in its +plot and style, and shows the nearest resemblance to the old Eustache +legend, whilst _Octavian_ is a refined and adorned version of the +legendary tale with considerable change in the plan. Isumbras, of +course, bears a strict resemblance to Eustache, but not to the Emperor +Octavian, who has but little of the character of a suffering saint, as +he does not become an outlaw himself, nor is to lose his earthly goods. +Even those of his adventures which are conformable to the original--the +separation from his family, the rape of the children, the final +reunion--are exhibited in a different manner. + +The principal contents of the romance of _Octavian_ bear internal +evidence of its later origin, as it treats chiefly of the adventures and +exploits of Florent, OctavianaEuro(TM)s son; especially in the second half of +the story, exploits of Florent so prevail that the romance might justly +bear his name on the title instead of his fatheraEuro(TM)s. IA therefore believe +that SarrazinaEuro(TM)s opinion, that _Isumbras_ is nothing but a bad imitation +of _Octavian_, is wrong; and I am rather inclined to think the two poems +were composed independently from each other, after French originals, as +is evidently the case with _Octavian_, and probably with _Isumbras_. See +Halliwell, _Thornt. Rom._, p.A xviii. Sarrazin, moreover, supposes, +p.A xlv, both poems to be due to the same author, in consequence of the +conformity of the dialect and style, and of some literal coincidences. +But the fact that both of these romances are written in the same dialect +is not sufficient to prove the identity of the authors, nor is the +style, which is nearly stereotyped in all of these romances. As to the +literal coincidences, only three of the nine passages quoted by Sarrazin +seem to me to be of any importance. See _Octavian_, notes on ll. 382, +397, 481. But even these only show that the writer of _Octavian_ knew +_Isumbras_, or _vice versAc_. + +As to the relation between _Octavian_ and our poem, these two romances +have no other affinity than the same legendary origin, and the motive of +the woman innocently persecuted, which may very well have been +introduced independently by two different authors. In all other +particulars they are quite different. + +The heroes bear little resemblance to their legendary models; in +_Octavian_ the Emperor of Rome; in _Torrent_ the young, hardy knight who +encounters marvellous struggles to win the hand of his spouse. Also in +the treatment of the other motive, each romance has taken its own +course. In _Octavian_, Florence is calumniated by her mother-in-law; in +_Torrent_, Desonelle is persecuted by her father. The causes are +consequently quite different: there the jealousy of the mother-in-law +against the mighty Empress; here CalamondaEuro(TM)s hatred against Torrent. +These differences, now only alluded to, cause a great number of others, +and produce a general difference of the two poems, which renders the +opinion of a nearer connection between them altogether illusory. + +Of all the poems mentioned above, the last, _Syr Eglamour of Artois_, is +most nearly related to _Sir Torrent_, a fact found out by Halliwell,[10] +who, however, thought that there was no necessity for him to prove a +similarity which would be at once detected by the reader; still, he +takes it for certain that the romance of _Torrent_ is younger than and +partly founded on _Sir Eglamour_. As he gives no proof for this opinion, +it will be worth while to enter once more into this question, in order +to see whether he is right or not. + + [Footnote 10: _The Thornton Romances_, p. xxii f. aEuro~The romance of + _Torrent_ is partly founded upon the story related in _Sir + Eglamour_. The names are changed, but the resemblance is too + striking to have been the result of chance. The treachery of the + sovereign, the prowess of the knight, the indiscretions and + misfortunes of the lady, and the happy conclusion of her + misfortunes, these form the leading incidents of each romance + .A .A .A . there is, perhaps, aA secret history attached to the source + of these romances that remains to be unravelled.aEuro(TM)] + +Upon it, the MSS. do not help us. The earliest MS. that can have +contained _Sir Eglamour_ is the parchment one of the Duke of +Sutherland,[11] written about the end of the 14th century. The other +four MSS. of it[12] are still later. The only MS. of _Sir Torrent_ +belongs to the 15th century, so that neither of these romances can be +traced very far back. + + [Footnote 11: Cf. KoelbingaEuro(TM)s _Englische Studien_, vii. p.A 191A ff.] + + [Footnote 12: Cf. _The Thornton Romances_, p. xxv ff., and + p.A xxxvi.] + +_Sir Eglamour_ was printed several times in the beginning of the 16th +century, and edited anew by Halliwell from the Cambridge MS. in his +well-known collection. To judge from the numerous readings of the +Lincoln, Cotton, and Cambridge MSS. which he has quoted, the Lincoln MS. +shows best the original dialect, and offers in several passages a +reading preferable as to rhyme and meaning.[13] Even slight differences +in the contents occur now and then.[14] + + [Footnote 13: See the following passages which Halliwell has + quoted in the notes: _Eglam._ 54, 96, 107, 111, 122, 128, 139, + 153, 177, 195, 213, 247, 337, 347, 399, 445, 572, 605, 614, 737, + 740, 765, 858, 883, 945, 985, 1081, 1143, 1206, 1216.] + + [Footnote 14: See _Eglamour_, notes on ll. 1064, 1082, 1267.] + +The metre and probably the dialect are the same in both romances; they +are composed in the tail-rhymed twelve-line stanzas, and written in a +North Midland dialect. In both of them the style is alike swelled with +the habitual phrases; only the long prayers and pious reflections so +frequent in _Torrent_ are not to be met with in _Eglamour_. On the other +hand, the poet is wont to predict the fates of his heroes (ll. 204, +951); he often demands attention (ll. 15, 39, 343, 634, 904); he never +omits, in describing the festivals, to mention the performances of the +minstrels, and to praise the liberality of the lords. These +characteristics render it probable that the author of _Eglamour_ was a +minstrel, not a clerk or monk, as I suppose the author of _Sir Torrent_ +toA be. + +I now pass on to compare the contents of the two poems. The principal +features of the plot are the same in both. AA young knight who seeks the +hand of a princess engages to win her by valiant exploits. The +princessaEuro(TM)s father opposes his wooing, jealous as he is of the heroaEuro(TM)s +renown. The knight vanquishes all the giants and other monsters against +which he is told to fight, and at length gains his spouse. AA few weeks +after their marriage, he sets out again on adventurous expeditions. +While he stays abroad, his wife is delivered of twins. Her father sends +her to sea in a leaky boat; she lands on a foreign shore, where her +children are carried off by wild beasts; but they are saved in a +marvellous manner, and brought up at royal courts, whilst she herself +lives for a long time at a foreign court. As the hero, when he comes +home again, doesnaEuro(TM)t find her, he goes into the Holy Land to fight with +the infidels. After various adventures he finds his wife and children +after a tournament at a foreign court. They return home gladly, and +celebrate their nuptials by great festivals. The cruel father is duly +punished. + +On entering into details, however, we find considerable discrepancies +between the two romances. First, the names are altogether different. +(Eglamour = Torrent. Crystyabelle = Desonelle. Prynsamour = Calamond. +Organata = Gendres. Degrabelle = Antony fice Greffoun.) The stage of the +plot is in _Eglamour_ Artois, Rome, and Egypt; in _Torrent_ Portugal, +Norway, and Calabre. Only the Holy Land is mentioned in both. There the +children are carried off by wild beasts, saved by princes and brought +up; there the hero fights against the infidels. + +The differences of the plot itself are the following: + +1. Eglamour confesses his love to Crystyabelle before his deeds; +aA squire is the go-between in his suit; Eglamour finds love in return. +In _Torrent_ Desonelle does not know that she is adored by the hero till +after his first exploit. See ll. 109, 448. + +2. Accordingly, Eglamour, setting out on adventures, receives two +greyhounds and a sword of St. Paul from Crystyabelle as presents, +whereas Torrent gets an ambler from his lady love, but not till after +his first deed. + +3. Prynsamour charges Eglamour with three deeds by which he is to gain +Crystyabelle. Torrent is obliged to undertake not less than five +combats. + +4. In _Torrent_ the combats of the hero are enlarged and adorned by +additions not to be found in _Eglamour_. The latter does not release the +daughters and sons of kings, nor does he find precious swords in the +castles of the giants, nor is he deceived by a kingaEuro(TM)s counterfeit +letter, which causes Torrent a dangerous struggle and the rivalry of a +foreign prince. Only in _Eglamour_ (ll. 40-48) some knights are +mentioned who came to win Crystyabelle by jousting, but were all +vanquished by Eglamour. + +The greatest differences are found in the second halves of the stories. + +5. Crystyabelle has one child by Eglamour; Desonelle has two by Torrent. + +6. Crystyabelle is driven away into Egypt, where she is graciously +received by the king. Desonelle finds refuge in the court of the king of +Nazareth. + +7. Degrabelle, the son of Crystyabelle, is saved and brought up by the +king of Israel; the sons of Desonelle by the kings of Greece and +Jerusalem. + +8. The father of Crystyabelle is not punished like Calamond in +_Torrent_, immediately after the heroaEuro(TM)s return, but he dies at the end +of the poem, throwing himself down from the battlements. + +9. Degrabelle is sent, when fifteen years old, into Egypt by his +adoptive father to sue for a spouse. In a joust he gains the hand of his +mother and marries her. On the very wedding-day the mother recognizes +her son by his escutcheon, and the marriage is instantly dissolved. +Quite differently does the story run in _Sir Torrent_. Leobertus, +fifteen years old, marches by order of the king of Jerusalem against his +father, and takes him prisoner, but at length solicits his release. + +10. The tournament, which in both poems compasses the reunion of the +separated family, is brought on in a different manner. In _Eglamour_ +Degrabelle himself proposes the hand of his mother as the prize in the +next tournament, to which his father comes. In _Torrent_ Desonelle, +hearing of the victories of the strange knight, supposes him to be her +spouse from his arms, and at her request a tournament is arranged. (Her +hand seems to have been likewise the prize, as may be gleaned from +l. 2440.) + +11. At the very end of the poems two slight differences are to be noted: +in _Eglamour_, Degrabelle marries Organata, daughter of the king of +Sidon, whereas the sons of Torrent return into Greece and Jerusalem. +Eglamour is crowned prince of Artois; Torrent is elected Emperor of +Rome. + +From this comparison we may conclude that _Torrent_ is not directly +founded upon _Eglamour_, or _vice versAc_; the differences are too great +to justify the supposition that either is drawn from the other. +Especially is the opinion of Halliwell, which I mentioned above, to be +rejected: _Sir Torrent_ cannot be founded on _Sir Eglamour_, simply +because it agrees more closely with the old legendary tale than _Syr +Eglamour_ does, and has preserved some essential features not to be +found in _Eglamour_, in which these are supplanted by others. Desonelle, +for instance, has two children according to the old legend, Crystyabelle +one; Torrent must fight and suffer in heathen lands like Eustache, +whereas Eglamour appears as a mere knight-errant. Further, neither in +the Eustache legend nor in _Torrent_ do we find the history of the son +who marries his mother, which motive the poet may have taken from the +legend of Pope Gregory, or perhaps from the tale of _Syr DegarA(C)_. + +But how can the resemblance of the leading features and the +discrepancies in particulars be explained? IA think the most probable +conjecture is, that an old poem, now lost, existed, with which the +authors of _Sir Eglamour_ and of _Sir Torrent_ were acquainted; but not +having a MS. of it, or knowing it by heart, both of them made up their +minds to rewrite the story in a well-known metre, changing, omitting, +adding whatever they liked, even filling up the gaps in their memories +by invention. Both of them recollected the first half of the story +better than the second. + +That this poem was an English one seems to be shown by a good many +verbal coincidences in both poems; these I accordingly suppose to have +belonged to the lost original. They are, indeed, too frequent to be +counted simply amongst the large stock of conventional phrases which are +to be met with in every poem of this kind. Here they are:-- + + _Eglamour._ + + The boke of Rome th{u}s can telle. 408, 561, 886 + + _Torrent._ + + As the boke of Rome tellys. 187, 924, 1450, 1924 + + Ther ys a jeaunt here besyde, 478 + That sorowe doyth ferre and wyde. + On us and odur moo. + + There ys a gyante here besyde, + In ale thys covntre fare and wyde, + No man on lyve levythe hee. 960 + + And alle prayed for that knyght. 573 + + For hym aAEsAEs they pray. 108 + + Alle that in the cytA(C) ware. 598 + + AAEsAEs that in~ the sytte were. 1047 + + Alle that cuntrey was fulle fayne, 640 + That he homeward was comyn ageyne. + + Gentilmen were blith and ffayn~, 1098 + That he in helth was comyn~ agayn~. + + Aftur sopur, as y yow telle, + He wendyd to chaumber with Crystyabelle. 670, 671 + + After mete, as I you teAEsAEs, + To speke with mayden DesoneAEsAEs + To her chamber he went. 1358-60 + + That lady was not for to hyde, 673-75 + She sett hym on hur beddys syde, + And welcomyd home that knyght. + + The damyseAEsAEs so moche of pride, + Set hym on~ her bed-syde, + And said aEuro~welcom~ verament.aEuro(TM) 1363 + + So gracyously he come hur tylle, 679 + Of poyntes of armys he schewyd hur hys fylle, 680 + That there they dwellyd alle nyEt. + + Such gestenyng he a-right, + That there he dwellid aAEsAEs nyEt + With that lady gent. 1364-66 + + A golde rynge y schalle geve the, 715 + Kepe yt wele my lady free, + Yf Cryste sende the a chylde! 717 + + Thes gold rynges I shaAEsAEs yeve the, + Kepe them weAEsAEs, my lady ffre, + Yf god a child vs send! 1396-1398 + + Doghtur, into the see schalt thou, 803 + Yn a schypp alone, + And that bastard that to the ys dere! + + There fore thou shalt in to the see + And that bastard with-in the! 1793 + + Sche prayed hur gentylwomen so free, + Grete wele my lord, whon ye hym see! 826, 827 + + She said aEuro~knyghtis and ladyes gent, + Grete weAEsAEs my lord sir Torrent, + Yeff ye hym~ euer sene! 1837-39 + + Hur yonge sone away he bare. 842 + + A way he bare her yong son~. 1871 + + Thys chylde ys comyn of gentylle blode, + Where that ever that he was tane. 863 + + This chylde is come of gentiAEsAEs teme, + Where euer this beest hym~ ffond. 1923 + + Kepe we thys lady whyte as flowre, + And speke we of syr Egyllamowre. 950 + + Leve we now that lady gent, + And speke we of sir Torrent. 2080-81 + + The knyght swownyd in that tyde. 975 + + Swith on sownyng there he feAEsAEs. 2093 + + Be the XV yerys were comyn and gone, + The chylde that the grype hath tane, + Waxe bothe bold and stronge. 1018-20 + + And be the VII yere were gone, + The child that the liberd had tane, + Found hym his fiAEsAEs off ffyght. 2233-35 + + Yn yustyng ne in turnament 1021 + Ther myght no man withsytt hys dynte, + But to the erthe them thronge. 1023 + + With heve tymbyr and ovyrryde 40 + Ther myght no man~ hys dent abyde, + But to the erthe he them strake. 42 + + Be thre wekys were comyn to Eende, + Yn the londe of Egypt can they lende. 1057 + + But ore thre wekes were comI...yn~ to end, + To PortynggaAEsAEs gan he wend. 373 + + Gentilmen that herde of thys crye, + Thedur come they redylye. 1195-96 + + Gret lordys that herith this crye, + Theder come richely. 2431-32 + + Syr Egyllamour knelyd on his kne, + aEuro~A Lorde God Eylde hyt the! 1288-89 + + Torent knelid vppon~ his knee 2575 + And said aEuro~God yeld you, lordys ffree! + + In swounynge than felle that lady free, + aEuro~Welcome, syr Eglamour, to me! + + She said aEuro~welcom~, my lord sir Torent! + And so be ye, my lady gent! + In sownyng than feAEsAEs she. 2505 + + _Eglamour_, Linc. MS. Note on 1267: + + Grete lordis thane told scho sone. + + Gret lordys told she sone. 2539 + +Perhaps some more light will be thrown on this question when we get the +much-wanted critical edition of _Sir Eglamour_; but I fear that the +aEuro~secret history attached to the source of these romancesaEuro(TM) will even then +remain to be unravelled. What I have proposed has no title to a better +name than a conjecture. + + +ASec. 5. THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE EDITION. + +As to the only MS. in which this romance has come down to us, IA have +mentioned before that it is exceedingly corrupt; many conjectures, more +or less sure, were necessary in order to restore metre, rhyme, and +meaning; the greater part of them seemed worthy to be entered in the +text, the rest being offered in the notes. No attempt has been made to +introduce a uniform character of dialect, considering the quite +unsettled state of orthography in early times. The only exceptions are +where the sounds are fully determined by the rhyme. In general the +orthography of the MS. has been reproduced as accurately as possible. +The contractions used by the scribe are expanded and printed in italics. +At the beginning of a new period, or a proper name within the line, +capitals have been introduced. From l. 1200, where the numeration of my +text no longer coincides with that of HalliwellaEuro(TM)s edition, the +line-numbers of the latter are added in brackets. + +The fragments which I have added as an appendix to the text have been +consulted in all cases of difficulty, and proved of no little service in +correcting the blunders of the manuscript; they contain indeed a +somewhat better text than the MS., though they are by no means free from +clerical errors. AA detailed comparison gives the following result: + +In fifty-one lines the text of the fragments is evidently correcter than +theA MS.: + + _Fragments._ + _Manuscript._ + + The kyng of Nazareth sent hym me, + Torent, I wot-saue hym on the. 466 + The kyng of PortynggaAEsAEs seyd, aEuro~So mot I the! + Torrent, I wet-saffe of the. + + The kyng wolde fayne that he ded were, + And he wyst nat on what manere. 472 + The kyng wolde fayne that he wer ded, + And hym wyst in what maner. + + To Torent that was true as stele, 477 + To Torrent trew ase styAEsAEs, + + In what londe that they brede. 487 + In what lond they ne bred. + + He bestrode a noble stede. 502 + Tho he bestrod another stede. + +Cf. 489, 498, 507-10, 512-15, 822, 825, 831, 833, 834, 837, 845, 848, +851, 929, 932, 933, 935, 947, 948, 951, 952, 958, 965, 968-70, 1807, +1808, 1810, 1827, 1828, 1831, 1834-36, 1844, 1854, 1866. + +Forty-eight lines are coincident: 468, 470, 474, 479, 480, 486, 487, +495, 499, 501, 504, 505, 520, 823, 832, 842, 844, 846, 917, 918, 921, +922, 927, 928, 936, 938, 953, 957, 962, 1809, 1813-17, 1819-21, 1823, +1830, 1832, 1838, 1847, 1850, 1851-52, 1863, 1865. + +In ninety-one lines it is doubtful which reading is to be considered as +the original one: + + _Fragments._ + _Manuscript._ + + As they walkyd by the ryvers syde. 469 + Ase the went be the watyres syd. + + Howe he myght hym shent. 473 + How he schuld be schent. + + The kyng sayde aEuro~what may this be? + Lorde, it is sent to me + For a faucon shene. 483-85 + Syr, he seyd, what may thys be? + Loo, lord, come ner and see + Abowght a facon schene. + + Than sayde the kyng vntrue, + aEuro~And ye fynde hawes of great value, + Brynge me one with the! 492-94 + And than seyd the kyng ontrew, + aEuro~Yf thow get hawkys of great valew, + Bryng on of them to me! + + Of thy dowghter hende. 836 + Of yowr dowghttyr hend. + +Cf. 467, 475, 476, 478, 481, 482, 488, 496, 497, 500, 506, 511, 516-20, +821, 824, 826, 827, 829, 830, 835, 838-41, 843, 847, 850, 919, 920, 923, +925-26, 930-31, 934, 937, 939, 940-43, 945, 946, 949, 950, 954, 955, +959, 960-61, 963, 964, 966, 967, 1811, 1812, 1818, 1822, 1825, 1826, +1829, 1837, 1840, 1842, 1843, 1845-46, 1848-49, 1853, 1855-62, 1864. + +In eleven lines the text of the MS. is superior to that of the fragment: + + _Fragments._ + _Manuscript._ + + aEuro~Ye, by my trouthe!aEuro(TM) sayd Torente. 828 + aEuro~Ye, be trouthe!aEuro(TM) seyd Torrent than. + + Delycyous notes on hyghe. 944 + Delycyous nottis on hyght. + + Frowarde the se. 956 + Froward the sytte. + +Cf. 488, 503, 820, 849, 924, 1824, 1833, 1839. + +As to the sixth fragment, 1014-36, and the beginning of the first (in +HalliwellaEuro(TM)s edition the third), 462-64, in which, as above mentioned, +not much more than the rhyming words are preserved, they have nearly the +same relation to the MS. as the other ones. + +In the following passages they correct the rhymes of the MS.: 1017, +1018, 1028, 1033. Coincident rhymes: 1014, 1015, 1019, 1026, 1027, 1032, +1034-36. Undecided: 1020, 1021, 1023-24, 1029-30, 462-64. The rhymes of +the MS. are preferable in ll. 1016, 1022, 1025, 1031. + +I need only add, that all the discrepancies between the MS. and the +fragments, however numerous they may be, concern, for the most part, +things of little importance; they are caused especially by the frequent +change of synonymous terms, by the difference of expletive words and +phrases, the transposition of words, the change of tenses, and so on. +But as there is nowhere any essential difference to be traced, we may +conjecture with great probability that the early printed edition of the +romance was taken from a manuscript which was pretty nearly related to +the Manchester MS., though somewhat more correctly written. + +I gladly take the present opportunity of acknowledging my very great +obligation to Prof. Koelbing, from whom I have received ample assistance +throughout the whole of this work. It would be absolutely impossible to +me entirely to discriminate his part from mine. He carefully revised the +introduction, notes, and the glossary, before they went to press, and +after they came from it, and he looked several times through the proofs +of the text. Nor am I less indebted to Mr. Joseph Hall at Manchester, +who not only kindly read the proofs of the text with the MS. in the +Chetham Library, but also contributed some valuable notes, which are +marked by his name. The Director has added the head-lines and +side-notes. + + + + +Torrent of Portyngale. + + + Here bygynneth a good tale f. 76a. + Of Torrente of Portyngale. + +(1) + + [Sidenote: + May God give us grace to win Heaven! IaEuro(TM)ll tell you of a doughty + knight.] + + +G+od, that ys worthy and Bold, _leaf_ 1] + Heuen~ and Erthe haue In hold, + Fyld, watyr, and wynde, + Yeve vse g{ra}ce hevyn~ to wyne, + And brynge vs owt off Dedly synne 5 + And In thy s{er}uyse to Ende! + A stounde and ye woAEsAEs lyst be-Dene, + Ale dowghtty men~ A3/4{a}t Euyr hathe b{e}n~, + Wher So that they lende, + I SchaAEsAEs yow teAEsAEs, ore I hense pase, 10 + Off a knyght, A3/4{a}t Dowghtty wase, + In Rome ase clarkys ffynde. + + [Linenote: + 8. _byn_ MS.] + +(2) + + [Sidenote: + He dwelt in Portugal, and fought well when 18.] + + In PortynggaAEsAEs, that Ryche londe, + An EreAEsAEs that wase wonande, + That curtese wase and {wyght}; 15 + Sone aftyr he had a sone, + The feyerest A3/4{a}t on fot myght gon, + Tyrrant, men seyd, he hyght. + Be tyme he wase XVIII yer~ old, + Of dedd{es} of armys he wase bold, 20 + To felle bothe kyng and knyght; + And now com{m}ythe dethe appon a day + And takythe hys father~, ase I yow sey, + For God ys most of myght. + + [Linenotes: + 15. _wyght_] _Dowghtty_ MS. + 21. _felle_] first _l_ above the line MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT LOVES DESONELL.] + +(3) + + [Sidenote: + The King gives Torrent an earldom, and he falls in love with the + KingaEuro(TM)s daughter Desonell,] + + The kyng of PortynggaAEsAEs wase fayne, 25 + To-warde hym he takythe Torrayne, + That Dowghtty ys in~ dedde; + And ther he fesomnyd in~ hys hond + A good Eyrldom in~ that lond, + Bothe forest and {fede}. f. 76b. 30 + The kyng hathe a dowghttyr {whyte} ase {fame}, + Dys{o}ne{ll} wase her name, + Worthyest in wede. + When Torrent had of her~ a syght, + More he lovyd that swet{e} wy{gh}t 35 + Than~ aAEsAEs ys fathyrys l{e}de. + + [Linenotes: + 30. _fede_] _Downe_ MS. + 31. _whyte ase fame_] _feyer ase flowyr_ MS. + 32. _Dyscenys_, MS. + 35. _swete_] _swet_, MS. + _wyght_] _wyte_A MS. + 36. _lede_] _londe_ MS.] + +(4) + + [Sidenote: + and for her, unhorses many knights.] + + For love of thys lady Deyr~ + In dede of armys far and nere + Aventorr{es} gan he take + W{i}t{h} heve tymbyr and ovyr-Ryde, 40 + Ther myght no man~ hys dent a-bydde, + But to the Erthe he them str{a}ke. + Her father and other knyghtt{es} mo + Had farly, how he Ryd soo, + And on a day to hyme spake, 45 + He Seyd: aEuro~Torrent, howe may thys byne, + That thow Dysp{i}syst thes knyghtt{es} kene + And ordurr{es} non woAEsAEs take?aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 39. _A ventorres_ MS. + 42. _stroke_ MS. + 47. _dysplesyst_ MS.] + +(5) + + [Sidenote: + The King knows that Torrent loves his daughter,] + + Torrent sayd: aEuro~So mvt I the, + An other sayment woAEsAEs I {s}ee, 50 + Ore I take ordor of knyght.aEuro(TM) + Tho he sware be hevyn kyng, + Ther wase told hym a wondyr-thyng~ + In hys chambyr to nyght: + aEuro~For~ the love of my doughter dere 55 + Thow makyst good far and nere + In~ Dedde of armys bryght; + And wyt thow wyAEsAEs, so god me saue, + Thow schalt her~ wyne, yf thow her haue, + Be thow neuyr so wy{g}ht!aEuro(TM) 60 + + [Linenotes: + 50. _And_ MS. + _see_] _bee_ MS. + 60. _wyght_] _wyttht_ MS.] + +[Headnote: THE KING ASKS TORRENT TO FIGHT A GREEK GIANT.] + +(6) + + [Sidenote: + and asks him if, for her sake, heaEuro(TM)ll fight] + + Torrent sayd: aEuro~Be Marry dere, + And I were off armyse clere, f. 77a. + Yowr Dowghttyr me leve were.aEuro(TM) + The kyng seyd: aEuro~Yf yt be soo, + Ore VII yere be a-go, 65 + More schaAEsAEs we here: + Durst thow, for my dowghttyr sake, + A poynt of armys for to take + W{i}t{h}-owt helpe of fere?aEuro(TM) + Than seyd Torrant: aEuro~So god me sped, 70 + W{i}t{h} anny man~ that syttythe on stede + Other far ore nere!aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 61. _Marry_] _e_ corrected into _y_. + 65. _a-go_] _a gone_, _ne_ struck out,A MS.] + +(7) + + Ther-of the kyng~ for tene wax wode: + aEuro~Yf thow wylt make thy body good, + Be trew and hold thy cont{ena}nce . . . . . . . 75 + Tho seyd Torrant: aEuro~So god me sped ere! + And I wyst, in~ what sted they were, + Fore no man~ wold I cha{u}nce.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 75. _contnnce_ MS. + 78. _chaunce_] corrected out of _change_ MS.] + +(8) + + [Sidenote: + a Giant in the Greek sea.] + + aEuro~In to the Grek{es} see a mylle + Ther ly{v}ythe a gyant {in an} yle, 80 + FuAEsAEs EuyAEsAEs thow dourst hyme stond. + My fayer~ forest{es} fellythe downe he + And Ryche castell{es} in~ that contre, + No ston lettythe he stond.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenote: + 80. _lyvythe_] _lyghttythe_ MS. + _in an yle_] _mauyle_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS TO FIGHT THE GIANT BEGONMESE.] + +(9) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent agrees to fight] + + +T+errent sayd: aEuro~Be Marre bryght, 85 + Yt ys gret sorrow that he hathe syght, + The devyAEsAEs of heAEsAEs hym blynd!aEuro(TM) + The {kyng} sayd: aEuro~P{ar} la-more de dewe, + Thow darryst fuAEsAEs evyAEsAEs w{i}t{h} thy Ey hym sewe, + He wold feAEsAEs the w{i}t{h} hys wynde.aEuro(TM) 90 + aEuro~Now, be my trowthe,aEuro(TM) seyd Torrent than~, + aEuro~Ase I ame a jentylman~, + Yf I may hym fynd, + Won fot woAEsAEs I not fro hym pase, + Thow he be stronger~ than Samson~ wase, f. 77b. 95 + Or anny man~ of {hys} kynd!aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 86. _he_] written above the line, MS. + 88. _kyng_] _knyght_ MS. + 96. _hys_] om. MS.] + +(10) + + [Sidenote: + the Giant Begonmese, and sets out.] + + Hys squyerys, they mornyd s{a}re, + W{i}t{h}-owt fere that he schold fare + To that gret iorney, + W{i}t{h} the gyant heygh for to fyght. 100 + Be-gon~-mese that gyant hyght, + That fyndd{es} f{e}re for aye. + To arme hyme Torrant g{a}s, + Hys good stede w{i}t{h} hym he ta{s}, + W{i}t{h} owt squyer~ that Day. 105 + He takythe leve at lorddys hend, + And on hys wey gan he wynd, + For hym aAEsAEs they p{ra}y. + + [Linenotes: + 97. _sore_ MS. + 102. _fare_ MS. + 103. _gas_] _goos_ MS. + 104. _tas_] _takythe_ MS. + 108. _pray_] _prayd_ MS.] + +(11) + + [Sidenote: + Desonell knows not that it is for love of her. God give Torrent + victory!] + + LytyAEsAEs wyst DesoneAEsAEs that jente, + For whos love that he went 110 + To fyght w{i}t{h} that knave. + Now god, that Dyed appon a Rode, + Strengithe hym bothe bone and blod, + The fyld for to haue! + He that schaAEsAEs wend soche a wey, 115 + Yt were nede for hym to p{ra}y, + That I{es}u hym schuld saue. + Yt ys in~ the boke of Rome, + Ther was no knyght of kyrstendome, + That jorney Durst crave. 120 + +[Headnote: TORRENT SEES THE GIANT SLEEPING.] + +(12) + + [Sidenote: + After 6 daysaEuro(TM) ride he sees the Giant asleep.] + + VI days Rydythe he + By the cost of the feyer~ see, + To seke the gyant kene. + By the cost as he Rode, f. 78a. + In a forest longe and brode 125 + And symly wase to se{n}e, + Hey sperrys ther he fonde + And gret olyvys growonde + Coverd in~ levys {grene}. + Sone wase he ware, ase y yow say, 130 + Vppon a movnteyn~ ther he laye + On slepe, ase I wene. + + [Linenotes: + 123. _seke_] _ches_, struck out, _seke_ written over with paler ink. + 126. _see_ MS. + 129. _grene_] _smale_ MS.] + +(13) + + [Sidenote: + He prays for ChristaEuro(TM)s help.] + + Torrent, on kne knelyd he + And be-sowght J{es}u so fre, + That bowght hym w{i}t{h} hys blod: 135 + aEuro~Lord, ase thow dyd {r}yght for Mar{y}, + Let me nev{er} take velony + And gef me of thy fode! + Sertt{es}, yf I hym slepyng~ slone, + ManfuAEsAEs Ded were yt none 140 + For my body, be the Rode.aEuro(TM) + Tho Terrant blewe hys bugeAEsAEs bold, + To loke that he a-wake wold, + And sythe ner~ hyme Rode. + + [Linenote: + 136. _ryght_] _lyght_ written above the line with paler ink. + _mare_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT WAKES THE GIANT BEGONMESE.] + +(14) + + [Sidenote: + As Torrent canaEuro(TM)t wake the Giant with his bugle,] + + So fast a-slepe he wase browght, 145 + Hys hornys blast a-woke hyme nowght, + He swellyd ase dothe the see. + Torrent saw, he woAEsAEs not wake, + He Reynyd hys sted vnto a stake, + Ase a jentyAEsAEs man~ {so fre}. 150 + So hy, he say, wase the movnteyne, + Ther mygh{t} no horse wynd hym~ a-geyn~ + But yf he nowyd wold be; f. 78b. + Thowe the wey neuyr~ so wykkyd w{a}re, + On hys wey gan he fare, 155 + In~ gret p{er}ayAEsAEs went hee. + + [Linenotes: + 150. _so fre_] _in fere_ MS. + 151. _say_] _sayd_ MS. + 152. _mygh_ (!) MS. + 154. _were_ MS.] + +(15) + + [Sidenote: + he stirs him up with his spear, and makes him wild.] + + Torent went to that movnte{y}n~, + He put hys spere hyme a-geyne, + aEuro~A-Ryse, fellow!aEuro(TM) gan he saye; + aEuro~Who made the so bold here to dweAEsAEs, 160 + My lord{es} frethe thus to feAEsAEs? + A-mend{es} the be-hovythe to pay.aEuro(TM) + The gyant Rysythe, ase he had byn~ wod, + And Redyly by hyme stode, + Be-syd hyme on a lay, 165 + And seyd: aEuro~S{er}tes, yf I leve, + Soche a wed I woAEsAEs the geff, + To meve the Euyr~ and ay.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenote: + 157. _movnten_ MS.] + +(16) + + [Sidenote: + The fight begins.] + + Thow the chyld were neuyr~ so y{i}nge, + The fynd{es} spere sparrythe hyme no-thyng~ 170 + I{n} the holtt{es} h{a}ree; + Who had fare and nere byne, + And neu{er} had of fytyng syn~, + He myght a lernyd th{a}re. + The gyant, the fyrst stroke to hym he cast, 175 + His good schyld aAEsAEs to-brast, + In schevyr{es} spred wase {ya}re; + Tho covd he no bett{ur} R{e}d, + But stond styAEsAEs, tyAEsAEs one were ded; + The gyant lefte hym th{a}r. 180 + + [Linenotes: + 169. _yonge_ MS. + 171. _In_] _IhA"_ (!) MS. + _horee_ MS. + 173. _seyn_ MS. + 174. _there_ MS. + 175. _to hym_] written above the line. + 177. _there_ MS. + 178. _he no_] _not he_ MS. + _Ryd_ MS. + 180. _ther_ MS.] + +[Headnote: THE GIANT BURSTS HIMSELF ON A ROCK.] + +(17) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent grips the Giant; they both fall, and roll down the mountain. + The Giant bursts] + + Torrent vndyr hys spryt he spre{n}t + And a-bowght the body he hyme hente, f. 79a. + As far as he myght last. + aEuro~A! fellow, wylt thow so?aEuro(TM) + And to the grownd gan they goo, 185 + Of the movnteyn~ bothe downe they pas{t}. + Ase the boke of Rome tellys, + They tornyd XXXII {ellys}, + In armys walloyng fast. + Yt tellythe in~ the boke of Rome, 190 + Euyr~ ase the gyant a-boue come, + Hys gutt{es} owt of hys body {brast}. + + [Linenotes: + 181. _sprent_] _spred_ MS. + 186. _they past_] _gan they pase_ MS. + 188. _ellys_] _tymys_ MS. + 192. _brast_] _Rane_ MS.] + + [[spre{n}t _italicized as shown_]] + +(18) + + [Sidenote: + open against a big stone.] + + At the fot of the movnteyn~ + Ther lay a gret Ragyd ston~, s{er}teyn~, + Yt nyhed ys schuldyr bon~ 195 + And also hys Ryght syd, + Ther to that gyant feAEsAEs that tyd, + Ase {I} herd in~ Rome . . . + + [Linenotes: + 197 put before 196. MS. + 198. _I_] _he_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT THANKS GOD FOR HIS VICTORY.] + +(19) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent stabs the Giant,] + + Thorrow hyme, that mad man~, + Torrent sone a-bovyn~ wane 200 + And fast he gan {him quelle} + W{i}t{h} a knyffe feyer~ and bryght; + Torrent, w{i}t{h} aAEsAEs hys myght + Ther-w{i}t{h} he gard hyme dweAEsAEs. + + [Linenotes: + 199. after _Thorrow_, _of_ has been scraped out. + 201. _him quelle_] _warke_ MS. + 203. _hys_] _h_ corrected out of _m_A MS.] + +(20) + + [Sidenote: + and then thanks Christ.] + + Torent knelyd on hys kne, 205 + To I{es}u Cryst p{ra}yd he, + That hathe thys world to wyld: + aEuro~Lord, lovyd, evyr lovyd thowe be, + The feyer~ fyld thow hast lent Me,aEuro(TM) + --Vpp bothe hys hand{es he} held-- f. 79b. 210 + aEuro~AAEsAEs onely w{i}t{h}-owt any knaue + Of the fynd the maystry to haue, + Of hym to wyn the fyld.aEuro(TM) + Now ys ther none other to say, + Of hyme he wane the fyld A3/4{a}t day; 215 + I p{ra}y God hyme schyld. + + [Linenotes: + 210. _he_] om. MS. + 213. _wyn_] _wynd_, _d_ erased MS. + 214. _to_ written above the line, MS. + 215. + _Now ys ther non other say + Of hyme to wyne the fyld A3/4at day_ add. (!)A MS.] + +(21) + + [Sidenote: + He sees the sea, and goes to it. Torrent finds the GiantaEuro(TM)s castle,] + + Torrent went vppe a-geyne + To the movnt, ase I gan sayne, + The lond{es} to se far and nere; + In the see a myle, hyme thoEt, 220 + An hold wase Rychyly wrowt, + In that lond wase not here perre. + The see wase Ebbyd, I yow sey, + Torrent thether toke the way, + Werry aAEsAEs thow he were; 225 + And ther he fownd Ryche w{on}ys, + Towrr{es} Endentyd w{i}t{h} presyos stonys, + Schynyng ase crystaAEsAEs clere. + + [Linenote: + 219. _to se_ written above the line.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT GOES TO THE GIANTaEuro(TM)S CASTLE.] + +(22) + + [Sidenote: + guarded by a lion and lioness.] + + T{wo} gattys off yron~ ther he fond, + Ther in~ Torrent gan wonde, 230 + A nyght{es} Rest there in~ {to} ta; + And at the hale dore ther wase + A lyon~ & a lyonasse, + Ther men be-twene them twa + Fast Etyng~, ase ye may here; 235 + CrystyA+- {man} thow {he} were, + Hys browys {wexe} bl{a}, f. 80a. + And wit yow wiAEsAEs, lord god yt wote, + He durst goo no fote, + Lest they wold hyme sl{a}. 240 + +(23) + + [Sidenote: + He hears a lady sighing within.] + + +T+orrant stod and be-held, + And p{ra}yd to god, that ale may wyld, + To send hyme harborrow good. + Sone hard he w{i}t{h}in a whalle + The syghyng of a lady smalle, 245 + Sche weppte, as sche were wod; + Sche mornyd sore and sayd: aEuro~Alas, + That Euyr~ kyng{es} dowghttyr wase + Ou{er}-come of so jentyAEsAEs blod, + For now ame I holdyn~ here 250 + In lond w{i}t{h} a fynd{es} fere!aEuro(TM) + Torrent hard, wher he stod. + + [Linenotes: + 226. _wonys_] _wayes_ MS. + 229. _Two_] _The_ MS. + 231. _to ta_] _he take_ MS. + 234. _twa_] _twayne_ MS. + 236. _man_] _thow_ (!) MS. + _he_] _they_A MS. + 237. _wexe bla_] _be gan to blowe_ MS. + 240. _sle_ MS. + 244. _whalle_] with paler ink corrected from _whyle_. + 245. _syghyng_] with paler ink corrected from _syngyng_.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT WANTS TO ENTER THE GIANTaEuro(TM)S CASTLE.] + +(24) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent asks for a nightaEuro(TM)s lodging in the Castle.] + + aEuro(TM)Dere god,aEuro(TM) seyd Torrant than~, + aEuro~Yff ther be anny crystyn~ man~ + In thys hold of ston~, 255 + That woAEsAEs, for the love of god of myght, + Harbourrow a jentylman~ thys nyght, + For I ame but on~!aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Seynt Marry,aEuro(TM) seyd that lady clere, + aEuro~What crystyn~ man~ axithe harburrow here?aEuro(TM) 260 + Nere hym sche gothe a-non. + aEuro~I wold harburrow the fuAEsAEs fayne, + But a gyant wyAEsAEs the slayne.aEuro(TM) + To hym sche mad here mone. + + [Linenotes: + 259. _clere_] _e_ corrected out of _r_A MS. + 261. _sche gothe anon_] _aA non sche gothe_A MS.] + + [[aEuro~Dere god,aEuro(TM) _open quote invisible_]] + +(25) + + [Sidenote: + The Lady says the Giant will kill him.] + + aEuro~Say me now, fayer~ lady, {belyve}, f. 80b. 265 + Who owte {of} thys plase schaAEsAEs {me dryve}, + Thes tourr{es}, that are so bryght?aEuro(TM) + Ther sche Seyd: aEuro~Be hevyn~ kyng~, + Here ys a gyant Dwellyng, + That meche ys of myght. 270 + Be my trowthe, and he the see, + Were ther~ XX lyvys in~ the, + Thy dethe than wyAEsAEs he dyght. + I{es}u cryst yef me g{ra}ce + To hyd the in~ some preve plase 275 + Owt of the fynd{es} syght! . . . . . + + [Linenotes: + 265. _bel._] om. MS. + 266. _of_] om. MS. + _me dryve_] _hyght_A MS. + 267. _so_] _feyer and_ add. MS. + 271. _the_] _thow_, _w_ erased and _e_ changed into _o_,A MS. + 273. _They_ (!) MS. + 275. _hyd_] corrected from _hyde_.] + + [[Linenote 271: _all aEurooeeaEuro and aEurooeoaEuro printed as shown_]] + +(26) + + [Sidenote: + The Lady takes Torrent past the Lions, into the Castle.] + aEuro~Euyr~ me thynkythe be thy tale, + The song of the burd{es} smale + On slepe hathe hyme browght.aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Ye,aEuro(TM) seyd Torrent, aEuro~ore he be wakyn~, 280 + I schaAEsAEs the teAEsAEs soche a tokyn~, + Of hym thow haue no thowght! + But woldd{es} thow for thy gentry + Do the lyonnys downe lye, + That they nyee me nowght?aEuro(TM) 285 + By the hande sche gan{n}e hym ta + And led hyme in~ be{tw}e them twa; + Ryght ase sche wold, they wrowght. + + [Linenotes: + 277. _thy_] _my_ erased and _thy_ written above the line. + 283. _thy_] _th_ corrected from _m_. + _gentry_] _gentre_, _e_ corrected from _y_. + 285. _nyee_] first _e_ above the line. + 286. _hande_] _d_ corrected from _e_. + _tane_A MS. + 287. _bewte_ MS. + _twayne_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS TAKEN INTO THE GIANTaEuro(TM)S CASTLE.] + +(27) + + [Sidenote: + He tells her he has kild the Giant.] + + The lady wase neuyr~ so a-drad, + In to the hale sche hym lad, 290 + That lemyred ase gold bryght; + Sche byrlyd whyt wyne and Rede: f. 81a. + aEuro~Make vse myrre a-geyne ow{re} Dedd, + I wot wiAEsAEs, yt ys so dyght!aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Be my trowthe!aEuro(TM) seyd Torrent, 295 + aEuro~I wole be thy warrant, + He comythe not here thys nyght. + On soche a slepe he ys browght, + AAEsAEs men of lyve wakythe hym nowght, + But onely god{es myght}.aEuro(TM) 300 + + [Linenote: + 300. _godes myght_] _gode a lone_ MS.] + +(28) + + [Sidenote: + She tells him of Prince Verdownys, and 4 EarlsaEuro(TM) sons in the GiantaEuro(TM)s + prison.] + + Blythe then wase that lady jent, + For to on-harnes Torrent, + That dowghtty wase and bold; + aEuro~For sothe,aEuro(TM) sche seyd, aEuro~I wot wher ys + The kyng{es} sone {Verdownys}, 305 + Fast put in hold + In a dongon~, that ys dym; + Fowyre good Eryll{es} sonnys be w{i}t{h} hyme + Ys fet in~ fere and fold. + The gyant wan theme in~ a tyde, 310 + Ase they Rane be the watyr syd, + And put them in~ preson~ cold. + + [Linenote: + 305. _Verdownys_] _of pvense_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT FREES A PRINCE AND 4 EARLSaEuro(TM) SONS.] + +(29) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent breaks open the prison,] + + aEuro~In an yron~ cage he hathe them done.aEuro(TM) + Torrent went thether~ sone: + aEuro~Are ye yet levand?aEuro(TM) 315 + The kyng{es} sone askyd than~, + Yf ther were anny crysten man~, + aEuro~Wold bryng vse ow{t} of bond?aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Lord,aEuro(TM) he seyd, aEuro~god aAEsAEsmyght, + I had levyr on a Day to fyght, f. 81b. 320 + Than aAEsAEs my fathyrys lond.aEuro(TM) + W{i}t{h} an iryn~ maAEsAEs styff and strong~ + He brake vpe an yron~ dore or longe, + And sone the keyes he fond. + + [Linenotes: + 318. _owt_] _ow_ (!) MS. + 323. _or longe_] added in paler ink.] + +(30) + + [Sidenote: + and frees the 5 youths. They sup.] + + Owt he toke thys chyldyryn~ fyve, 325 + The feyrest that were on lyve, + I-hold in~ anny sted. + The lady wase fuAEsAEs gl{e}d, + Sche byrlyd whyt wyn~ and Redd, + And sethyn~ to soper sone they yed. 330 + aEuro~Lord{es},aEuro(TM) he seyd, aEuro~syn yow are her~, + I Red yow make Ryght good cher~, + For now ys aAEsAEs thy nede.aEuro(TM) + Thus he covyrd owt of care. + God, that sofryd wondd{es} s{a}re, 335 + Grante vse weAEsAEs to sped! + + [Linenotes: + 325. _chyld._] a _v_ struck out, follows. + 328. _glad_ MS. + 335. _sore_ MS. + 336. _well{e} to sped_] _to sped welle_ MS.] + +[Headnote: THEY ALL CHOOSE THEIR HORSES TO RIDE AWAY.] + +(31) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent freed Prince Verdownys, Lords Torren, Jakys, and Amyas, and + Princess Eleanor.] + + Lordd{es}, and ye wol lythe, + The chyldyr namys I woAEsAEs teAEsAEs blythe, + Here kyn, how they were me told; + The kyng{es} sone, that dowghtty {ys}, 340 + Wase clepyd Verdownys, + That dowghtty wase and bold, + And an Eryll{es} son, that hyght Torren~, + A nother Iakys of Berweyne, + The forthe was Amyas bold. f. 82a. 345 + The kyng{es} dowghttyr of Gales lond, + Elyoner~, I vndyrstond, + That worthy wase in hold, + + [Linenotes: + 337. after _wol_, _be_ struck out MS. + 340. _ys_] _wase_ MS. + 346-348 put before 343-345, MS.] + +(32) + + [Sidenote: + She takes Torrent to his chamber, and then all of them to the + stable, where each chooses a horse.] + + In to hys chambyr sche hyme led, + Ther gold and syluyr wase spred, 350 + And asur~, that wase bl{o}; + In yron ther he gan stond, + Body and armys {al sch}y{n}and, + In~ powynt to trusse and goo. + In to a stabyAEsAEs sche hym led, 355 + Eche toke a fuAEsAEs feyer~ sted, + They were {redy} to goo; + And wote ye weAEsAEs and vndyrstond, + Had the gyant be levand, + They had not p{ar}tyd soo. 360 + + [Linenotes: + 351. _blo_] _blewe_ MS. + 353. _al sch._] _lygand_ (!) MS. + 354. _trusse_] corrected from _truste_. + 357. _redy_] om. MS. + 358. _wote_] with paler ink corrected from _what_. + 359. _Had_] corrected out of _han_. + _byn_ follows, almost entirely erased. + _gyant_] _t_ corrected from _d_.] + +(33) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent feeds the lions on the GiantaEuro(TM)s body, and puts his head on a + horse.] + + They woAEsAEs not to bed gan{ge}, + TyAEsAEs on the morrow the Day spronge, + Thus a wey to ffare. + Torrant sperryd the gattys, i-wyse, + AAEsAEs that he lyst he clepyd hys, 365 + The keys and thyng he bare. + The lyon{s that was} at the dore + Wase led to her~ mayst{er} that wase befor~, + {O}n hym thay fed them {ya}r{e}, + Vpp won of the horse, that wase ther~ levyd, 370 + {O}n hym thei trussyd the gyantt{es} he{ve}d. + Thus helpt hym god th{a}r~. + + [Linenotes: + 361. _gange_] _gan_ MS. + _ll{e} on the_ struck out, follows. + 366. _keys_] _e_ written with paler ink above the line. + 367. _lyons that was_] _lyone_ MS. + 369. _Vn_ (!) MS. + _hym_] _y_ corrected out of _e_ MS. + _thay_] corrected from _that_. + _yare_] _ther_A MS. + 371. _Vn_ (!) MS. + _thei_] _i_ written above the line. + _hed_A MS. + 372. _ther_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT RETURNS TO PORTUGAL.] + +(34) + + [Sidenote: + He goes back to Portugal.] + + But ore III wek{es} wer~ com{m}yn~ to End, + To PortynggaAEsAEs gan he wend, + Ther~ ase the kyng gan {lend}; 375 + The porter~ sawe {hym} ther he stood, + He fled a wey, ase he were wod, + Flyngyng ase a fynd. f. 82b. + aEuro~Syr kyng,aEuro(TM) he seyd, aEuro~be godd{es} dede, + Torrant bryngythe a devyAEsAEs ys hed, 380 + Ther w{i}t{h} he woAEsAEs yow present.aEuro(TM) + DesoneAEsAEs seyd: aEuro~Porter~, be styAEsAEs!aEuro(TM) . . . + In hys walke ther ase he went. + + [Linenotes: + 373. _wer{e}_] _ther_, struck out, and _were_ written over. + 375. _lend_] _lye_ MS. + 376. _sawe h. th._] _ther sawe he_ MS.] + +(35) + + [Sidenote: + The King and his Lords are afraid of the lions. Torrent kisses the + King of Portugal.] + + The kyng to the gatys gan pase, + Gret lord{es} that ther wase, 385 + Bothe knyght{es} and squyerr{e}, + Lord{es} wase fuAEsAEs sore a-dred + Fore the lyonys, A3/4{a}t he had, + They durst not come hyme ner~. + The kyng seyd: aEuro~I wyAEsAEs {the} kysse, 390 + Durst I for~ thy best{es}, Iwysse.aEuro(TM) + Torrent dyd them ly ther~, + And kyssyd the kyng w{i}t{h} joy and blyse; + And aftyr, other lord{es} of hys, + And aftyr, ladys {clere}. 395 + + [Linenotes: + 386. _squyerres_ MS. + 390. _the_] _hym_ MS. + 395. _aftyr_] _other_ add. (!) MS. + _clere_] _jent_A MS.] + +[Headnote: VERDOWNYSaEuro(TM)S FATHER IS TOLD OF HIS SAFETY.] + +(36) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Provyns is glad of his son VerdownysaEuro(TM)s safety] + + Messengyr{es} {went} the weye, + To the kyng of P{ro}vyns to sey, + Hys sone ys owt of hold: + aEuro~Yyng Torrent of PortynggaAEsAEs + Hathe browght hym owt of balle 400 + And slayne the jeyant bold.aEuro(TM) + LytyAEsAEs and mykyAEsAEs A3/4{a}t ther wer~, + AAEsAEs they mad good cher f. 83a. + Her~ prynse fayne se wold. + The kyng {seyd}: aEuro~So mot I the, 405 + I woAEsAEs geff the towynnys thre + For~ the tall{es} thow hast me told.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 396. _went_] _to_ (!) MS. + 397. after _Provyns_ _I_ MS. + 399. _Yoyng_ MS. + 405. _kyng seyd_] _kynges messengere_ MS. + 405-7 put before 402-4.] + +(37) + + [Sidenote: + and promises Torrent gifts. The King of Gales offers Torrent his + daughter.] + + Tha{n seyd} they, tha{t} to Gales yede, + Yeftys to {take} were h{e}m no ned, + Then {Ver}downys had they. 410 + Ase they seyA,yd on a tyde, + At Perrown~ on the see syd + . . . . . . . . . . . + The kyng of P{ro}vy{n}se seyd: aEuro~So mot I the, + Yftles schaAEsAEs they not be, 415 + That dare I sothely sey.aEuro(TM) + The kyng of Gales proferd hym feyer~: + aEuro~Wed my dowghttyr and myn Eyer~, + When so euyr~ thow may! . . . . . + + [Linenotes: + 408. _Than--that_] _That they than_ MS. + _Gales_] with paler ink corrected from _Calles_. + _yede_] corrected from _went_. + 409. _take_] om. MS. + _hym_ MS. + 410. _Then Downys_ MS. + 417. _gales_] _g_ with paler ink corrected from _c_.] + + [[seyA,yd _printed as shown, with line through single aEurooelaEuro_]] + +[Headnote: TORRENT GETS WELANDaEuro(TM)S SWORD ADOLAKE.] + +(38) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Provyns gives Torrent his Sword made by Weland,] + + The kyng of Perve{n}se seyd: aEuro~So mot I the, 420 + Thys seson~ yeftles schaAEsAEs thow not be, + Haue here my Ryng of gold, + My sword, that so wyAEsAEs ys wrowyt; + A bett{er} than~ yt know I nowght + W{i}t{h} in~ crystyn~ mold; 425 + Yt ys ase glemyrryng ase the glase, + Thorrow Velond wroght yt wase, + Bettyr ys non~ to hold. + I have syne sum tyme in~ lond, + Whoso had yt of myn~ hond, 430 + Faw{e} the{y were} I-told.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 429. _Loke thou hold yt with full{e} hond_, add.A MS. + 431. _I fawght therfore I told_ MS.] + +(39) + + [Sidenote: + and named Adolake. A fortnightaEuro(TM)s Feast is held.] + + Tho wase Torrent blythe and glad, + The good swerd ther he had, + The name wase Adolake. + A gret mayne{re}y let he make {ryght} 435 + That lest aAEsAEs a fortnyght, + Who so wiAEsAEs hys met take. f. 83b. + Euyry man toke ys leve, ase {I} yow say, + Hom-ward to wend ther wey, + Eu{er}y man ys Rest to take. 440 + TyAEsAEs yt be-feAEsAEs vppon a day, + Ase they went be the wey, + The kyng to hys dowghttyr spake: + + [Linenotes: + 435. _mayn._] _mayne let_, with paler ink corrected into _mayney_. + _ryght_] om.A MS. + 438. _I_] om. MS. + 440. _to take ys Rest_ MS.] + +[Headnote: DESONELL GIVES TORRENT A WHITE CHARGER.] + +(40) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Portugal tells Desonell that Torrent kild the Giant for + love of her.] + + aEuro~Ye schaAEsAEs take hed of a jeentyAEsAEs man~, + A feyer~ poynt for~ yow he wane, 445 + DesoneAEsAEs, at the last.aEuro(TM) + aEuro(TM)Syr,aEuro(TM) sche seyd, aEuro~be hevyn kyng, + TyAEsAEs ye me told, I knewe no thyng, + For who ys love yt wase.aEuro(TM) + aEuro~DesoneAEsAEs, so mvt I the, 450 + Yt wase for the lowe of the, + That he trovylld so fast. + I warne yow, dowghttyr, be the Rode, + Yt ys for yow bothe good, + Ther to I Red yow tr{a}st.aEuro(TM) 455 + + [Linenote: + 455. _trust_ MS.] + + [[aEuro~Syr,aEuro(TM) sche seyd, _open quote invisible_]] + +(41) + + [Sidenote: + She gives Torrent a white steed which the King of Nazareth had sent + her.] + + Forthe sche browght a whyt sted, + As whyt as the flowyr in~ med, + Ys fytte blac ase slo{n}. + aEuro~Leman~, haue here thys fole, + That dethe ys dynt schalt A3/4{o}u not {thole}, 460 + WhyAEsAEs thow setty{s}te hyme appon~, + And yf thow had p{ersew}yd be + And hadyst ned fore to fle, + Fast for to gone. + The kyng of Nazareth sent hym me, 465 + Torrent, I wet-saffe hym on the, + For bett{er} love may I none.aEuro(TM) f. 84a. + + [Linenotes: + 458. _slo_ MS. + 460. _thole_] _haue_ MS. + 461. _settythe_ MS. + 462. _paEuro(TM)revyd_ (!) MS. + 465. So Fragm. I (F. I); + _The kyng of Portynggalle seyd: aEuro~So mot I the_A MS. + 466. _hym on_] so F. I; _of_ MS.] + +(42) + + [Sidenote: + The King treacherously asks Torrent to get Desonell a Falcon] + + Aftyr-ward vppon a tyd, + Ase the went be the watyr{es} syd, + The kyng and yong Torrent, 470 + The kyng wold fayne, that he ded wer~, + And he wyst, in~ what maner~, + How he schuld be schent; + A false lettyr mad the kyng + And dyd messengyr{es} forthe yt bryng, 475 + On the Rever~, ase they went, + To Torrent, that was trew ase styAEsAEs, + Yf he love DesoneAEsAEs wyAEsAEs, + Get her a facon~ jent. + + [Linenotes: + 471. _ded wer{e}_] so F. I; _were ded_A MS. + 472. _he_] so F. I; _hym_ MS. + 477. _that was_] so F. I; om. MS.] + +[Headnote: THE FALSE KING OF PORTUGAL DECEIVES TORRENT.] + +(43) + + [Sidenote: + from the Forest of Magdalen.] + + Torrent the lett{er} be-gan~ to Red, 480 + The kyng lestyned & nere yed, + Ase he yt nevyr ad s{e}ne. + aEuro~Syr,aEuro(TM) he seyd, aEuro~what may thys be, + Loo, lord, come ner~ and see, + A-bowght a facon~ schene? 485 + I ne wot, so god me sped, + In what lond that they bred.aEuro(TM) + The kyng answerd: aEuro~I wene, + In the forrest of Mavdeleyn~, + Ther be hawk{es}, ase I herd seyne, 490 + That byn of lenage {cl}en~.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 482. _syne_ MS. + 487. _that_] so F. I; om. MS. + _they_] _ne_ add. (!)A MS. + 489. _Mavd._] so F. I; _Mavdlen_ MS. + 491. _clen~_] _gene_ MS.] + +(44) + + [Sidenote: + He agrees to do it. Torrent rides] + + And than seyd the kyng on-trew: + aEuro~Yf thow get hawkys of gret valew, + Bryng on of them to me!aEuro(TM) + Torrent Seyd: aEuro~So god me saue, f. 84b. 495 + Yf yt be-tyd, that I may haue, + At yow{r} wyAEsAEs they schal be.aEuro(TM) + Hys squyere bode he th{a}r~, + Aftyr hys armor~ for to far~, + In the fyld byddythe he. 500 + They armyd hym in~ hys wed, + Tho he be-strod a noble sted, + And forthe than Rod hee. + + [Linenote: + 498. _squyere_] so F. II; _squyeres_ MS. + _there_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT FINDS A DRAGON IN THE FOREST.] + +(45) + + [Sidenote: + to the Forest of Magdalen, gets separated from his Squire,] + + +T+orrent toke the wey a-geyn~ + In to the forest of Mawdleyn~, 505 + In the wyld-some way; + Berys and apes there founde he, + And wylde bestys great plente, + And lyons where they lay. + In a wod that wase tyght, 510 + Yt Drew nere-hand nyght + By dymmynge of the Day, + Harkyn, lord{es}, {to} them came wo, + He and hys squyer~ p{ar}tyd in two, + CarfuAEsAEs men then were they. 515 + + [Linenotes: + 502. _noble_] so F. II; _nothere_ MS. + 507-509: so F. II: + _Berrys he sawe stondyng + And wyld bestes ther goyng, + Gret lyonys ther he fond._A MS. + 510: _tyght_] so F. II; _thyke_ MS. + 512: _By d._] so F. II; _And ine the Dawnyng_A MS. + 513: _to--wo_] so F. II; + _to_] of F. II. + _what I schalle sey_A MS. + 514: _in two_] so F. II; _they_ MS. + 515: _men--they_] so F. II; _they were that Day_A MS.] + +(46) + + [Sidenote: + and comes on a Dragon.] + + At the schedyng of a Rome + Eche p{ar}tyd other frome, + For sothe, ase I vndyrstond. + Torrent toke a dulful wey + Downe in~ a depe valey 520 + Be-syd a weAEsAEs strong. + A lytyAEsAEs be fore mydnyght + Of a dragon he had syght, + That grysly wase to {fond}; + He had hym nowght to were, 525 + But hys schyld and hys spere, f. 85a. + That wase in~ hys squyer{es} hond. + + [Linenote: + 524. _fond_] _syght_ MS.] + +[Headnote: AA DRAGON ATTACKS TORRENT.] + +(47) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent prays to Christ to be his help.] + + Torrent knelyd on hys kne, + To I{es}u Cryst p{ra}yd he: + aEuro~Lord, mykyAEsAEs of myght, 530 + Syne I wase in~ meche care, + Let me nevuyr~ owt of {t}hys world far~, + TyAEsAEs I haue take o{rd}er of knyght. + Ase I ame falsely hether~ sent, + Wyld-som weyes haue I went, 535 + W{i}t{h} fynd{es} for to fyght. + Now, I{es}u, for thy holy name, + Ase I ame but man~ a-lone, + Than~ be my helpe to nyght!aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 532. _thys_] _hys_ (!) MS. + 533. _haue_] _or_ add. (!) MS. + _order_] _othere_ (!)A MS.] + +(48) + + [Sidenote: + The DragonaEuro(TM)s tail is 7 yards long,] + + Ase Torrent I{es}u gan~ p{ra}y, 540 + He herd the dragon~, ther he lay + Vndyr-nethe a clo{w}; + Of an{d} on he wase stronge, + Hys tayle wase VII yerd{es} long, + That aftyr hyme he dr{o}we; 545 + Hys wyngg{es} wase long and wyght, + To the chyld he toke a flyght + W{i}t{h} an howge sw{ow}e; + Had he nether~ schyld ne spere, + But p{ra}yd to god, he schold hyme were, 550 + For he wase in dred i-nowe. + + [Linenotes: + 542. _clow_] _colod_ or _colvd_, _l_ corrected from _d_,A MS. + 543. _and_] _an_ MS. + 545. _drewe_ MS. + 548. _swowe_] _swayne_ (!) MS. + 551. _inowthe_ MS.] + +(49) + + [Sidenote: + and has a fiery head on it. Torrent cuts 4 ells off the DragonaEuro(TM)s + tail;] + + On the tayle an hed ther~ wase, + That byrnyd Bryght as anny glase, f. 85b. + In fyer whan {yt} was dyght; + A-bowght the schyld he lappyd yt ther~, 555 + Torrent the bowght a-sondyr schere + Thurrow the g{ra}ce of god almyght. + As the boke of Rome telly{s}, + Of hys taylle he cut IIII ell{es} + W{i}t{h} hys swerd so bryght. 560 + Than cryed the lothely thyng, + That aAEsAEs the daAEsAEs be-gan to Ryng, + That hard the gyant wyght. + + [Linenotes: + 554. _yt_] _he_ MS. + 558. _Tellys_] _tellythe_ MS. + 563. _That the gyant hard wyght_ MS.] + + [[f. 85b. _Text has anomalous aEurooefol.aEuro_]] + +[Headnote: TORRENT KILLS THE DRAGON.] + +(50) + + [Sidenote: + and while its Giant-owner is getting ready to helpA it,] + + The gyant seyd: aEuro~I vndyrstond, + There ys sum crystyn~ man~ nere hond, 565 + My dragon here I cry. + By hym, that schope bothe watyr~ and lond, + AAEsAEs that I can se be-fore me stond, + Dere schaAEsAEs they a-bye! + Me thynkythe, I here my dragon~ schowt, 570 + I deme, ther be svme dowghtty man~ hym a-bowght, + I trow, to long I ly. + Yf I dweAEsAEs in my pyAEsAEs of ston~, + And my cheff-fost{er} were gone, + A false mayst{er} were I!aEuro(TM) 575 + + [Linenote: + 574. _foster_] _st_ corr. out of _t_.] + +(51) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent kills it. TorrentaEuro(TM)s Squire] + + Be the gyant wase Redy dyght, + Torrent had slayne the dragon~ Ryght; + Thus gan god hyme scheld. + To the mownteyne he toke the wey + To Rest hyme, aAEsAEs that day, 580 + He had myst{er}, to be kyld. + TyAEsAEs the day be-gan to spryng, f. 87a.[T1] + Fowllys gan myrre to syng + Bothe in~ frethe and in feld. + Leve we now of Torrent th{o}re 585 + And speke we of thys squyer~ more: + I{es}u hys sole fro heAEsAEs shyld! + + [Linenotes: + 581. _kyllyd_ MS. + 585. _there_ MS.] + + [Footnote T1: There is no f. 86 in the paging of the MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENTaEuro(TM)S SQUIRE IS MET BY A GIANT.] + +(52) + + [Sidenote: + rides all night in a wood,] + + Hys squyer~ Rod aAEsAEs nyght + In a wod, that wase fuAEsAEs tyght, + W{i}t{h} meche care and gret fare, 590 + For to seke hys lord Torrent, + That wy{ght}ly wase frome hyme sent, + And he wyst nevyr~ whethyr ne wh{a}r~. + He Durst neuyr~ cry ne schuot, + For wy{l}d best{es} were hym a-bowght 595 + In~ the holtt{es} h{a}re; + A lyty{l} whyAEsAEs be-fore the day + He toke in~ to a Ryde-wey + Hyme self to meche care. + + [Linenotes: + 592. _wysly_ MS. + 593. _wher_ MS. + 595. _wyld_] _wyd_ MS. + 596. _hore_ MS. + 597. _lyty_ MS.] + +(53) + + [Sidenote: + till he finds a highway,] + + Forthe he Rod, I vndyrstond, 600 + TyAEsAEs he an hey wey fond, + W{i}t{h}-owtyn~ any Del{ite}, + Also fast ase he myght fare, + Fore berrys and apys, A3/4{a}t ther w{a}re, + Lest they wold hym byght. 605 + The sone a-Rose and schone bryght, + Of a castyAEsAEs he had a syght, + That wase bothe feyer~ and whyte . . . . + + [Linenotes: + 602. _Delite_] _delay_ MS. + 604. _were_ MS.] + +(54) + + [Sidenote: + and is met by a Giant. The Giant cuts TorrentaEuro(TM)s Squire into 4 + quarters.] + + The gyant h{i}m se, & ny yed, + And seyd: aEuro~Fellow, so god me sped, 610 + Thow art welcom to me: f. 87b. + What dost thow here in my forest?aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Lord, to seke an hawkys nest, + Yff yt yow{r} wyl be.aEuro(TM) + aEuro~The be-hovythe to ley a wede.aEuro(TM) 615 + To an oke he hym led: + Gret Ruthe yt wase to se. + In IIII q{uar}ter{es} he hym dr{o}we, + And eu{er}y quarter vppon a bowe; + Lord, soche weys toke hee! 620 + + [Linenotes: + 609. _hem_ MS. + 618. _drewe_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS ATTACKT BY THE GIANT ROCHENSE.] + +(55) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent finds these,] + + Ase Torrent in~ the movnteyn~ dyd ly, + Hym thowght, he hard a ReufuAEsAEs cry; + Gret fere ther hyme thowght. + aEuro~Seynt Marre,aEuro(TM) seyd the chyld so f{re}, + aEuro~Wher euyr~ my jentyAEsAEs squyer~ myght be, 625 + That I w{i}t{h} me to wod browght? + On he dyd hys harnes a-geyne + And worthe on hys sted, s{er}teyne, + And thetherward he sowght. + And wot yow wyAEsAEs, I vndyrstond, 630 + In fowre quartyr{es} he hym fownd, + For other wyse wase yt nowght. + + [Linenotes: + 624. _fre_] _fer_ MS. + 630. _wot_] _w_ add. (!) MS.] + +(56) + + [Sidenote: + and is attackt by this giant Rochense.] + + The gyant lenyd to a tre + And be-hyld Torrent so free, + For sothe, ase {I} yow seye. 635 + Thys fend wase ferly to fyght, + Rochense, seythe the boke, he hyght, + Ther wase a dredfuAEsAEs fraye. + To the chyld than~ gan he smyght: + aEuro~A theff, yeld the asttyt, 640 + As fast as thow may!aEuro(TM) f. 88a. + aEuro~What,aEuro(TM) seyd Torrent, aEuro~art thow wood? + God, that Dyed on the Rood, + Geff the evyAEsAEs happe thys day!aEuro(TM) + + [Linenote: + 635. _I_] om. MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT FIGHTS THE GIANT ROCHENSE.] + +(57) + + [Sidenote: + TorrentaEuro(TM)s steed is kild. He drives the Giant back] + + He Rawght Torrent soche a Rowght, 645 + Hys stedd{es} brayne he smot owte, + So mykyAEsAEs he be-gan~. + Torrent tho a good sped + Ase fast a-bowte an eche {yede}; + Ase swefte ase he myght, {he} R{a}n. 650 + He gathyred svm of hys gere, + Bothe hys schyld and hys spere; + Nere hym yod he than~. + Bacward than be a browE + Twenty fote he gard hyme goo, 655 + Thus erthe on hym he wane. + + [Linenotes: + 649. _yede_] _went_ MS. + 650. _he Ran_] _Ryne_ MS.] + +(58) + + [Sidenote: + into a deep glen, where he stands in water.] + + Yt solasyd Torrant th{e}n~, + When he sawe hyme bacward r{e}n + Downe be a movnteyn~ of Perowne, + Stomlyng thurrow frythe and fen~, 660 + TyAEsAEs he com to a depe {glen}, + Ther myght non hym s{t}ere. + Torrent wase glad and folowyd fast, + And hys spere on hyme he brast, + Good Adyloke yed hyme nere. 665 + The fynd in~ the watyr stod, + He fawte a-geyn, ase he were wod, + AAEsAEs A3/4e day in~ fere. + + [Linenotes: + 657. _than_ MS. + 658. _ren_] _Rond_ (!) MS. + 661. _glen_] _thorne_ MS. + 662. _stere_] _schere_ MS. + 668. _A3/4e_] _the_ add. (!) MS.] + +(59) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent prays God for help. Jesus freshens up Torrent.] + + Tho nere hond wase the day gone, f. 88b. + Torrent wase so werry than~ 670 + That on hys kne he kneld: + aEuro~Helpe, god, that aAEsAEs may! + DesoneAEsAEs, haue good day!aEuro(TM) + Fro hym he cest hys schyld. + I{es}u wold not, he were slayne, 675 + To hym he sent a schowyr~ of Rayne, + Torrent fuAEsAEs wyAEsAEs yt keld. + The fynd saw, he wase ny mate, + Owt of the watyr he toke the gate, + He thowght to wyne the fyld. 680 + + [Linenotes: + 671. _knelyd he_ MS. + 677. _kelyd_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT SLAYS THE GIANT ROCHENSE.] + +(60) + + [Sidenote: + The Giant attacks again. Torrent runs him throaEuro(TM) the heart, cuts his + head off,] + + Thoo wase Torrent ffresse and good; + Nere the fynd sore he stod, + Cryst hym saue and see! + The fynd fawt w{i}t{h} an yron~ staff, + The fyrst stroke, to hym he gaffe, 685 + He brast hys schyld on thre. + Torrent vndyr hys staff Rane, + To the hart he baryd hym than~, + And lothely cry gane he. + To the g{r}ownd he feAEsAEs ase tyght, 690 + And Torrent gan hys hed of-smyght, + And thus he wynnythe the gre. + + [Linenote: + 690. _gownd_ MS.] + +(61) + + [Sidenote: + finds him 24 ft. long, and goes to his Castle.] + + Torrent knelyd on the grownd + And thankyd god A3/4{a}t ylke stownd, + That soche g{ra}ce hyme send. 695 + Thus II journeys in thys woo + W{i}t{h} hys hand{es} slow {he} gyantys too, + That meny a man~ hathe schent. f. 89a. + Torrent forthe frome hyme A3/4an yod, + And met hyme XXIIII fotte, 700 + Ther he lay on the bent. + Hedles he left hym there, + Howt of the fyld the hed he bare + And to the casteAEsAEs he went.] + + [Linenote: + 697. _he_] _II_ MS.] + +[Headnote: THE SWORD AND STEED OF GIANT ROCHENSE.] + +(62) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent goes to the GiantaEuro(TM)s Castle, and finds a splendid sword,] + + To thys casteAEsAEs he gan far~; 705 + Ther fond he armor~ and other~ g{a}re, + A swerd, that wase bryght. + To the towre he toke the wey, + Ther the gyant{es} bed lay, + That Rychyly wase dyght. 710 + At the bedd{es} hed he fond + A swerd, worthe an Erllys lond, + That meche wase of myght. + On the pomeAEsAEs yt wase wret, + Fro a prynce yt wase get, 715 + Mownpolyardn{us} he hyght. + + [Linenote: + 706. _gere_ MS.] + +(63) + + [Sidenote: + and a noble white steed. With the heads of the Giant and Dragon, + Torrent] + + The sarten {to sey} w{i}t{h}-owt lese, + A scheff-chambyr~ he hym ches, + TyAEsAEs on the morrow day. + To the stabuAEsAEs tho he y{e}d, 720 + There he fond a nobyAEsAEs sted, + Wase comely whyt and grey. + The gyantt{es} hed gan he take, + And the dragonnys wold he not forsake, + And went forthe on hys wey. 725 + He left mor~ good in that sale + Than wase w{i}t{h} in~ aAEsAEs PortynggaAEsAEs, f. 89b. + Ther ase the gyant laye. + + [Linenotes: + 717. _to sey_] om. MS. + 718. _he_] _sche_ MS. + _chesys_ (!) MS. + 720. _yod_ MS.] + +(64) + + [Sidenote: + rides back to Portugal. Torrent gives the King the GiantaEuro(TM)s and + DragonaEuro(TM)s heads instead of a Falcon,] + + Tho he Rod bothe Day and nyght, + TyAEsAEs he come to a casteAEsAEs bryght, 730 + Ther ys lord gan dweAEsAEs. + The kyng ys gone to the gate, + Torrent on kne he fond ther at, + Schort taAEsAEs for to teAEsAEs. + aEuro~Haue thow thys in~ thyn~ hond: 735 + No nother hawkys ther I fond + At Mawdlenys weAEsAEs.aEuro(TM) + The kyng {quod}: aEuro~Ase so haue I blyse, + Torrent, I trow, sy{bb}e ys + To the deweAEsAEs of heAEsAEs! . . . . 740 + + [Linenotes: + 738. _quod_] om. (!) MS. + 739. _sybbe_] _sylke_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS LOVED BY DESONELL.] + +(65) + + [Sidenote: + and says the Giant Rochense was Slogus of Fuolles.] + + aEuro~Here be syd dwellythe won on lond, + Ther ys no knyght, {hy}s dynt may stond, + So stronge he ys {in dede}!aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Syr~,aEuro(TM) he sayd, aEuro~fore sen Iame, + What ys the gyant{es} name, 745 + So Euyr good me sped?aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Syr~,aEuro(TM) he seyd, aEuro~so mvt I the, + Slogus of Fu{o}ll{es}, thus hyte hee, + That wyt ys vndyr wede.aEuro(TM) . . . . . . + + [Linenotes: + 742. _knyght hys_] _knyghtes_ MS. + 743. _in d._] _on grond_ MS.] + +(66) + + [Sidenote: + Desonell gives her heart to Torrent.] + + LytyAEsAEs and mykyAEsAEs, lese and more, 750 + Wondyr on the hedd{es} thore, + That Torrent had browght whome. + {The} Lord{es} seyd aEuro~Be sen MyheAEsAEs! + Syr kyng, but ye love hyme wyAEsAEs, + To yow yt ys gret schame!aEuro(TM) 755 + Torent ordeynyd pryst{es} fyve, f. 90a. + To syng for hys squyerys lyve, + And menythe hym by name. + Therfor~ the lady whyt ase swane + To Torrant, here lord, sche went than~, 760 + Here hert wase to hyme tane. + + [Linenotes: + 752. _browght_] _ho_ add. (!) MS. + 753. _The_] om. MS. + _seyd_] _he_ add. MS. + _Myhell{e}_] _my her_, _r_ corrected to _lle_ with paler ink. + 756. _prystes_] V add. (!) MS.] + +[Headnote: AA PRINCE OF ARAGON WANTS TO WED DESONELL.] + +(67) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Aragon asks for Desonell for his youngest Son.] + + Lettyrr{es} come ther w{ithalle} + To the kyng of PortynggaAEsAEs, + To ax hys dowghttyr Derre, + Fro the kyng of Eragon~, 765 + To wed her~ to hys yongeest son~, + The lady, that ys so clere. + For Torrent schuld not her~ haue, + {For} hyme fyrst he here gafe, + To the messenger~, 770 + And hys {way} fast ageyn dyd pase, + Whyle Torrent an huntyng wase, + Ther of schuld he not be w{e}re. + + [Linenotes: + 762. _ther withalle_] _hetherward_ MS. + 769. _For_] _To_ MS. + 771. _way_] om. MS. + 773. _ware_ MS.] + +(68) + + [Sidenote: + The Queen of Portugal wishes Torrent to have her.] + + On a mornyng, ther ase he lay, + The kyng to the quene gan sey: 775 + aEuro~Madame, for cherryte, + Thow art oftyn~ hold wyse; + Now woAEsAEs ye teAEsAEs me yow{r} deuyce, + How I may governe me: + The Ryche kyng hathe to me sent, 780 + For to aske my dowghttyr gente + That ys so feyer~ and fre.aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Syr,aEuro(TM) sche Seyd, aEuro~so god me saue, + I Red yow let Torent her haue, f. 90b. + For best worthy ys he.aEuro(TM) 785 + + [Linenotes: + 775. _The (quene to the) kyng to the quene gan sey_A MS. + 779. _That how_ MS. + 781. _aske_] _aseke_ MS.] + +(69) + + [Sidenote: + The King refuses.] + + He sayd: aEuro~Madame, were that feyer~, + To make an erll{es} sone myn Eyer~? + I wiAEsAEs not, by sen Iame! + There he hathe done maystr{es} thre, + Yt ys {hys} swerd, yt ys not he, 790 + For Hatheloke ys ys name.aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Lord, he myght fuAEsAEs wyAEsAEs sped, + A knyght{es} dowghttyr wase hyme bed, + Ase whyt ase wall{es} b{a}ne; + And yf ye warne hyme DesoneAEsAEs, 795 + A{ll} that ther of here teAEsAEs, + Ther of wyAEsAEs speke schame.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 790. _hys_] om. MS. + 794. _swalles_ (!) MS. + _bone_ MS. + 796. _All_] _And_ MS.] + +[Headnote: THE KING OF PORTUGALaEuro(TM)S TREACHERY TO TORRENT.] + +(70) + + [Sidenote: + The false King of Portugal plots to have Torrent kild by another + Giant.] + + aEuro~Madam, vnto thys tyd + There lythe a gyant here be-syd, + That many a man~ hathe slayne. 800 + I schaAEsAEs hyght hym my dowghttyr~ dere, + To fyght w{i}t{h} that fynd{es} fere, + Thus he holdythe hyme in~ trayne. + But I schaAEsAEs make myn com{m}nant so, + That there schaAEsAEs non w{i}t{h} hyme go, 805 + {Neyther} squyer~ ne swayne.aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Syr~,aEuro(TM) sche seyd, aEuro~so mvt I the, + So sore be-stad hathe he be, + And wyAEsAEs co{m}myn~ a-geyne!aEuro(TM) + + [Linenote: + 806. _Neyther_] om. MS.] + +(71) + + [Sidenote: + He and his Queen go to Mass. Torrent sits at the head of a side + table.] + + Tho the bell{es} be-gan to Ryng, 810 + Vpe Rose that Ryche kyng, + And the lady {so fre}, + And aftyr-ward they went to mase, f. 91a. + Ase the law of holy chyrge wase, + W{i}t{h} n{o}t{es} and solemnyte. 815 + Trompettys on the waAEsAEs gan blowe, + Knyght{es} semlyd on a Rowe, + Gret joy wase to see. + Torrent a syd bord began~, + The squyer{es} nexte hym than, 820 + That good knyght{es} schuld be. + + [Linenotes: + 812. _so fre_] _in feree_ MS. + 815. _nettes_ (!) MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT AGREES TO FIGHT FOR DESONELL.] + +(72) + + [Sidenote: + The King asks Torrent if heaEuro(TM)ll do a deed of arms for Desonell.] + + Ase they sat a-mydd{es} the mete, + The kyng wold not foreget; + To Torrent the kyng gan sey, + He seyd: aEuro~Torrent, so god me saue, 825 + Thow wold{es} fayne my dowghttyr haue + And hast lovyd her~ many a day.aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Ye, be trouthe,aEuro(TM) seyd Torrent than~, + aEuro~And yf A3/4{a}t I were a Ryche man~, + Ryght gladly, p{ar} ma fay!aEuro(TM) 830 + aEuro~Yf thow durst for her sake + A poynt of armys vndyrtake, + Thow broke her~ weAEsAEs fore ay!aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 822. _a_] so F. III; _the_ MS. + 825. _saue_] so F. III; _sped_ MS. + 830. _gladly_] so F. III; _glad_ MS. + 831. _for h. s._] so F. III; _par ma fay_A MS. + 833. _broke_] so F. III; _breke_ MS.] + +(73) + + [Sidenote: + aEuro~Yes,aEuro(TM) says Torrent.] + + aEuro~Ye,aEuro(TM) seyd Torrent, aEuro~ar I ga, + Sekyrnes ye schaAEsAEs me ma 835 + Of yow{r} dowghttyr hend, + And aftyrward my ryghtys, + Be-fore XXVII knyght{es}.aEuro(TM) . . . . . . + And aAEsAEs were Torrent{es} frende. + aEuro~Now, good s{er}is,aEuro(TM) gan Torrant sey, f. 91b. 840 + aEuro~Bere wittnes her of som Daye, + A-geyne yf god me send!aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 834. _go_ F. III; _gan Rage_ MS. + 835. _make_ MS. + 839. _frenddes_ MS.] + +(74) + + [Sidenote: + aEuro~Then go to Calabria, and fight the Giant Slochys.aEuro(TM)] + + Torrent seyd: aEuro~So mvt I the + Wyst I, where my jorney schold {be}, + Thether I wolde me dyght.aEuro(TM) 845 + The kyng gaff hyme an answere: + aEuro~In the lond of Calabur ther~ + Wonnythe a gyant wyhte, + And he ys bothe strong and bold, + Slochys he hyght, I the told, 850 + God send the that waye Ryght!aEuro(TM) + Than quod Torrent: aEuro~Haue goo{d} day, + And, or I come a-geyn~, I schaAEsAEs asay, + Whether the fynd can fyght.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 844. _be_] om. MS. + 845. _wolde_] so F. III; om. MS. + 848. _wyhte_] so F. III; _whyte_ MS. + 851. _that w._] so F. III; _ways_ MS. + 852. _good_] _goo_ MS. + 853. Space left here for an initial letter of the largest size + inA MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT STARTS TO FIGHT THE GIANT SLOCHYS.] + +(75) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent takes leave of Desonell, starts,] + + Tho wold he no lenger~ a-byde, 855 + He toke ys wey for to Ry{de} + On a sted of gret valewe. + In to a chambyr~ he g{as}, + Hys leue of DesoneAEsAEs he t{as}, + Sche wepte, aAEsAEs men myght Rewe; 860 + He seyd: aEuro~Lady, be styAEsAEs! + I schaAEsAEs come a-geyn th{e} tyAEsAEs, + Thurrow helpe of Marry trewe.aEuro(TM) + Thus he worthe on a stede. + In hys wey Cryst hyme sped, 865 + Fore he yt no thyng knewe! + + [Linenotes: + 856. _Ryde_] _ryght_ MS. + 858. _gas_] _gothe_ MS. + 859. _tas_] _toke_ MS. + 862. _the_] _than_ MS.] + +(76) + + [Sidenote: + and rides to the Castle of the King of Provyns.] + + He toke hym a Redy wey, + Thurrow P{er}vy{n}s he toke the wey, + As hys Iorney feAEsAEs. f. 91a.[T2] + TyAEsAEs the casteAEsAEs Be the See, 870 + An hy stret heldythe hee, + Ther the kyng {dyd} dwell{e}. + To the porter he gan seye: + aEuro~Wynd in~, fellow, I the p{ra}y, + And thy lord than t{e}AEsAEs, 875 + P{ra}y hym, on won nyght in~ hys sale + To harburrow Torrent of PortynggaAEsAEs, + Yf y{t} Bee ys wiAEsAEs!aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 868. _pvys_ MS. + 871. _And_ MS. + 872. _dyd dw._] _dwellyd_ MS. + 875. _tyll_ MS. + 878. _Yf ys wille to Bee_ MS.] + + [Footnote T2: There are two folios 91 in the MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT A GUEST OF THE KING OF PROVYNS.] + +(77) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Provyns welcomes Torrent, and] + + The porter~ Dyd hys com{m}andment, + To the kynge he ys wente 880 + And knelyd vppon~ ys kne: + aEuro~God blyse A3/4e, lord, In thy sale! + Torrent of Portynggale + Thus sendythe me to the; + He p{ra}ythe yow, yf ye myght, 885 + To harburrow hym thys won~ nyght, + Yf yow{r} wiAEsAEs yt bee.aEuro(TM) + The kyng swere be hym, A3/4{a}t dyed on tre: + aEuro~There ys no man~ in~ crystyante + More welcome to me!aEuro(TM) 890 + +(78) + + [Sidenote: + feeds him. TorrentaEuro(TM)s sword is his only Squire.] + + The kyng a-Rose and to the gat yod, + Lord{es} and other~ knyg{htes} good, + That were glad of hys com{m}yng. + In to the hale he hyme browght, + Ryche met spare they nowght, 895 + Be-fore Torrent fore to bryng. + aEuro~Syr,aEuro(TM) sayd the kyng, aEuro~I p{ra}y the, f. 91b. + Where be thy men off armys free, + That w{i}t{h} the schuld {leng}?aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Syr, to a lord I mvst Ryde, 900 + My squyer hongythe be my syde, + No man schaAEsAEs w{i}t{h} me wend.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 892. _knyges_ MS. + 899. _leng_] _wynd_ MS.] + +(79) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent says he has to fight in Calabria.] + + aEuro~S{yr},aEuro(TM) seyd the kyng, aEuro~I p{ra}y the, + Where schaAEsAEs thy ded of armys bee, + Yf yt be thy wyAEsAEs?aEuro(TM) 905 + aEuro~S{yr},aEuro(TM) he seyd, aEuro~vttyrly, + At Calabur, sekyrly, + I ame aAEsAEs Redy ther tyAEsAEs + W{i}t{h} a squyer, A3/4{a}t wiAEsAEs can Ryde; + Fast be the see Sydde 910 + Schuld we pley ow{ur} fyle; + And wot ye wyAEsAEs and vndyrstond, + Ther schaAEsAEs no knyght come nere hond + Fore dred of dentt{es} yAEsAEs.aEuro(TM) + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS OFFERD A PRINCESS OF PROVYNS.] + +(80) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Provyns warns him against the terrible Giant there,] + + The kynge seyd: aEuro~Be godd{es} ore, 915 + I Rede, A3/4{a}t A3/4{ou} come not th{o}re, + Fore why, I wyAEsAEs the seye: + Meche folke of that contre + Come hether~ for~ sokor~ of me, + Bothe be nyght and day; 920 + There ys a gyant of gret Renowne, + He dystrowythe bothe sete and towyn~ + And aAEsAEs A3/4{a}t euyr~ he may; + And ase the boke of Rome dothe teAEsAEs, + He wase get of the deweAEsAEs of heAEsAEs, 925 + As hys moder on slepe lay.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 915. _kynges_ (!) MS. + 916. _there_ MS. + 922. _sete_] second _e_ corr. out of _a_A MS.] + +(81) + + [Sidenote: + and offers him his Daughter and 2 Duchies instead. Torrent says he + must keep his troth.] + + The kyng Seyd: aEuro~Be seynt Adryan~, f. 92a. + I Rede, a nother JentyAEsAEs mane + Be there and haue the gre: + I haue a dowghttyr, A3/4{a}t ys me dere, 930 + Thow schalt here wed to thy fere, + And, yf yt thy wyll be, + Two duchyes in {l}onde + I wille geve here in~ hande.aEuro(TM) + aEuro~G{ra}marcy, syr,aEuro(TM) sayd he, 935 + aEuro~W{i}t{h} my tonge so haue I wrowght, + To breke my day than wiAEsAEs I nowght, + Nedys me behovythe ther to bee.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 929. _the_] so F. IV; om. MS. + _degre_ MS. + 932. So F. IV; om. (!) MS. + 933. _londe_] _honde_ F. IV; om. MS. + 935. _syr s. h._] so F. IV; _seyd he thane_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT ARRIVES IN CALABRIA.] + +(82) + + [Sidenote: + He starts,] + + aEuro~In godd{es} name,aEuro(TM) the kyng gane sayne, + aEuro~I{es}u send the wiAEsAEs a-geyne, 940 + Lord so mekyAEsAEs of myghte!aEuro(TM) + Menstrell{es} was them a-monge, + Trompett{es}, harpys, and myrre songe, + Delycyous nottis on hyght. + When tyme was, to bed they wente; 945 + On the morrow Rose Torrente + And toke leve of kyng and knyght + And toke a Redy weyye, + Be a see syd as yt laye, + God send hym gatt{es} Ryght! 950 + + [Linenotes: + 947. _of_] so F. IV; _on_ MS. + 948. _toke_] so F. IV; _to_ MS.] + +(83) + + [Sidenote: + reaches Calabria, and hears of the Giant.] + + A hye stret hathe he nome, + In to Calabur he ys come + W{i}t{h} in~ to days ore III; + Soo come ther~ folk{es} hym a-geyne, + Fast folloyng w{i}t{h} cart and wayne, 955 + Fro-ward the sytte. + aEuro~Dere god!aEuro(TM) seyd Torrent nowe, + aEuro~Leve folk{es}, what Eyllythe yow, + Soo fast fore to flee?aEuro(TM) + aEuro~There ys a gyante here be-syde, 960 + In ale thys covntre fare and wyde + No mane on lyve levythe hee.aEuro(TM) f. 92b. + + [Linenotes: + 951. _nome_] so F. V; _none_ MS. + 952. _come_] so F. V; _gone_ MS. + 958. _yow_] _nowe_ add. (!) MS.] + +(84) + + [Sidenote: + The Giant Slongus is in Hungary;] + + aEuro~Dere god,aEuro(TM) sayd Torrant thane, + aEuro~Where schaAEsAEs I fynd that lo{th}ly man~?aEuro(TM) + Ther they answerd hym anone: 965 + aEuro~In a castyAEsAEs be-syd the see, + Slongus, soo hyght hee, + Many a man had he slone. + We wot wiAEsAEs wher he doth ly: + Be-fore the cyte of Hungry; 970 + He wiAEsAEs not th{en}s gone, + TyAEsAEs he haue the Ryche kyng~ + To hys p{re}sone for to bryngg, + To be lord of hyme self a-lone.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 964. _lothly_] so Hall.; _lovely_ MS. + 965. _anone_] so F. V; _a geyne_ MS. + 968. _slone_] so F. V; _slaylne_ (!) MS. + 969. _doth ly_] so F. V; _ys_ MS. + 970. _cyte_] so F. V; _knyghthod_ MS. + _Hungry_] so F. V; _Hongrys_A MS. + 971. _thens_] _thus_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT FINDS THE GIANT SLONGUS IN HUNGARY.] + +(85) + + [Sidenote: + he has broken the City gates, and slain 50 men.] + + Tho wold he no lenger~ a-byd, 975 + But to the sytte gan he Ryde, + As fast as he myght fare; + Here barys feAEsAEs and broke downe, + And the gatt{es} of gret Renowne + Stondyng~ aAEsAEs baree. 980 + Men of armys stond hyme a-geyne, + Mo than fyfty had he slayne + W{i}t{h} gryme woundd{es} and sare. + When Torrent of hym had a syght, + Thowe DesoneAEsAEs be neuyr~ so bryght, 985 + He will Reue hym hys chaff{a}r~. + + [Linenote: + 986. _hym_] _m_ corr. out of _s_. MS. + _chaffer_A MS.] + +(86) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent prays to Christ for help.] + + Torrent in~ the storrope stod + And p{ra}yd to god, A3/4{a}t dyed on Rode: + aEuro~Lord, ase thow schalt ale wyld at wyle, + Gyff me g{ra}ce to wyn the fyld, 990 + That thys {lothly} fynd hym yeld + A-non to me tyAEsAEs! + A man schaAEsAEs But onnys Dyee, f. 93a. + I wiAEsAEs fyght, whiAEsAEs I may Dryee.aEuro(TM) + He mad cher~ nobyAEsAEs. 995 + When he had I{es}u p{ra}yd of g{ra}ce, + He wyscheyd hyme a batteAEsAEs plase, + Ther as hym lyst we{ll}e. + + [Linenotes: + 990. _wynd_ (!) MS. _vndyr nethe spere and schyld_ add. (!)A MS. + 991. _lothly_] om. MS. + 995. _nobill chere_ MS. + 998. _welle_] _were_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT CHALLENGES THE GIANT SLONGUS.] + +(87) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent blows his horn. The Giant Slongus, of Flonthus,] + + Torrent hys spere a-say be-gane, + Bothe schyld and spere than~, 1000 + That they were sekyr and good. + Aftyr A3/4{a}t, w{i}t{h} in a throwe, + Hys good horne gane he blowe. + The gyant sawe, wher~ he stodde: + Slong{es} of Flonthus staryd than~; 1005 + Quod Torrent: aEuro~Yf thow be a gentyAEsAEs man~ + Or come of gentyAEsAEs blod, + Let thy beytyng and thy Ermyght be, + And come prove thy strenghe on me, + Therfor I sowght the, be the Rodde.aEuro(TM) 1010 + + [Linenote: + 1008. _Let be thy b. a. t. erm._ MS.] + +(88) + + [Sidenote: + says heaEuro(TM)ll wring TorrentaEuro(TM)s nose. His Crook is 13 ft. long.] + + The gyant sayd: aEuro~Be the Roode, + DeweAEsAEs of heAEsAEs send the fode, + Hether to seche me: + By the nose I schaAEsAEs the wryng, + Thow berdles gadlyng~, 1015 + That aAEsAEs heAEsAEs schaAEsAEs thow see!aEuro(TM) + The wey than to hym he toke + And on hys bake he bare a croke, + Wase X fot long and thre; + And thow he neu{er} so gret w{a}r~, 1020 + Torrent thowght not fare to fare, + TyAEsAEs wone of them ded bee. f. 93b. + + [Linenotes: + 1011. _sayd_] written above the line. + 1017. _he_] so F. VI; om. MS. + 1018. _he_] _her_ MS. + _croke_] so F. VI; _creke_ (!)A MS. + 1020. _were_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT SLAYS THE GIANT SLONGUS OF FLONTHUS.] + +(89) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent charges, pierces the GiantaEuro(TM)s eye,] + + Thoo wold Torrent no lenger~ byd, + TyAEsAEs the theff gan he Ryde, + Ase fast ase euyr~ he may. 1025 + The theff had non ey but on~, + Soche sawe I neu{er} none, + {Ne}yther~ be nyght {nor} be day. + Thurrow godd{es} helpe and sent Awsden~ + The spere {throw ye and herne gan ren}. 1030 + God send hym the Ryght wey; + Than the theff be-gane to Rore. + AAEsAEs that in~ the sytte wore, + Ouyr~ the wallys they laye. + + [Linenotes: + 1024. _the_] _f_ add. (!) MS. + 1028. _Blyther_ (!) MS. + _nor_] so F. VI; _and_A MS. + 1030. _throw--ren_] _anon he toke to hym_A MS. + 1033. _wore_] so F. VI; _were_ MS.] + +(90) + + [Sidenote: + then spears him throaEuro(TM) the body,] + + Thow the fynd{es} ey were owte, 1035 + Fast he leyd hym a-bowte + AAEsAEs A3/4{a}t somyrr{es} nyght; + He set ys backe to an hyAEsAEs, + That Torrent schuld not come hym tyAEsAEs, + So meche A3/4{a}t theff covd of fyght. 1040 + He bled so sore, I vndyrstond, + Hys croke feAEsAEs owt of hys hond, + Hys dethe to hyme ys dyght. + Torrent to hyme Rane w{i}t{h} a spere, + Thurrow the body he gan hym bere, 1045 + Thus helpe hym god of myght. + + [Linenote: + 1040. _A3/4at_] A3/4e add. MS.] + + [[_Printed A3/4 with superscript e_]] + +(91) + + [Sidenote: + and kills him. Torrent preserves the GiantaEuro(TM)s head.] + + AAEsAEs that in~ the sytte were, + Mad fuAEsAEs nobiAEsAEs chere, + That thys fynd wase Dedde. + Forthe they Ran w{i}t{h} stavys of tre, f. 94a. 1050 + Torrent seyd: aEuro~So mvt I the, + Kepe hole hys hed! + Yf yt be broke, so god me sped, + Yt ys wyAEsAEs the worse to lede.aEuro(TM) + They dyd ase {he} h{e}m b{e}d{e}, 1055 + Mo than thre hunderd on a throng + Yt ys solas Euyr~ a-mong + Whan that he was dede. + + [Linenotes: + 1047. _That alle_ MS. + 1054. _lede_] _Rede_, struck out and _lede_ added in paler ink. + 1055. _That seson they_ MS. + _he hem_] _hyme_ (!) MS. + _bede_] _bad_A MS. + 1057 _put before_ 1056 MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT GOES TO THE CASTLE OF GIANT SLONGUS.] + + [[Linenote 1056-57: _aEurooeMSaEuro printed in italics_]] + +(92) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Calabria feasts him,] + + Than~ the kyng of Calaber ayen~ hym went, + Torrent be the hond he hent, 1060 + To the haAEsAEs he gan~ hym lede + And comaundid squiers t{w}o, + Of h{ys} harnes for to do + And cloth hym~ in another wede. + Waytes on the waAEsAEs gan blowe, 1065 + Knyghtis assemled on a Rowe, + And sith to the deyse they yede; + aEuro~Sir,aEuro(TM) quod the kyng, aEuro~of whens are ye?aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Of Portingale, sir,aEuro(TM) said he, + aEuro~I com heder, to sech my de{de}.aEuro(TM) 1070 + + [Linenotes: + 1062. _two_] _tho_ MS. + 1063. _hys_] _her_ MS. + 1070. _deth_ MS.] + +(93) + + [Sidenote: + and takes him to the GiantaEuro(TM)s Castle. The King of Calabria gives + Torrent the GiantaEuro(TM)s castle,] + + FuAEsAEs curtesly the kyng gan say + {To} Torrent on the oA3/4{ur}e day: + aEuro~WyAEsAEs ye wend with me + A lituAEsAEs here be-side to passe, + There as the Geaunt{es} dwelling was 1075 + His man{er} now for to see?aEuro(TM) + To the casteAEsAEs gan~ they gone, + Richer saw they never none, + Better myght none be. + aEuro~Sir,aEuro(TM) he said, aEuro~be god aAEsAEs-myEt~, 1080 + For thou hym~ slew, A3/4at it dight, + I vouche it saue on the, + + [Linenotes: + 1072. _To T._] _Torrent said_ MS. + 1081. _it_] _is_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT HEARS THAT DESONELL IS TO WED A KING.] + +(94) + + [Sidenote: + and an Earldom. The CastleaEuro(TM)s name is Cardon.] + + aEuro~I yeve {yt} the, s{ir}, of my {h}ond, f. 94b. + And there-to, an erledome of {my} lond, + For soth, ye shaAEsAEs it haue; 1085 + Omage thou shalte none {nor} ffyne, + But euer more to the and thyne, + Frely, so god me saue!aEuro(TM) + Lordys, and ye liston wold, + What was clepud the riche hold: 1090 + The casteAEsAEs of Cardon~, {by sawe}. + Two days or thre dwellith he th{a}re + And sith he takythe {leve} to ffare, + Both at knyght and knave. + + [Linenotes: + 1083. _yt_] om. MS. + _of_] _alle_ add. MS. + _hond_] _lond_A MS. + 1084. _my_] om. MS. + 1086. _nor_] om. MS. + 1091. _by s._] om. MS. + 1092. _there_ MS.] + +(95) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent hears that Desonell is to marry a strange King.] + + By the kyng of P{er}vens he gan gane, 1095 + That he had oute {of preson} i-tane + His son vppon a day. + Gentilmen were blith and ffayn~, + That he in helth was comyn~ agayn~, + That they myght with hym~ play. 1100 + There of herd he, s{er}tayn{le}, + That DesoneAEsAEs wedid shold be + With an vncouth Ray. + And listonyth, lordis, of a chaunce, + Howe he lefte his countenaunce 1105 + And takyth hym~ armes gay! + + [Linenotes: + 1098. _leve_] _the way_ MS. + 1096. _of preson_] om. MS. + 1101. _sertayn_ MS. + 1103. _vnc._] _a_ add. MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS KNIGHTED. DESONELL IS MARRIED.] + +(96) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Provyns knights Torrent.] + + By-fore the kyng he feAEsAEs on kne: + aEuro~Good lord,aEuro(TM) he said, aEuro~for charite, + Yeve me order of knyght! + I wott weAEsAEs, leryd are ye, 1110 + My lordys doughter shaAEsAEs wed be + To a man~ off myght.aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Sir,aEuro(TM) he said, aEuro~I trow, she mone f. 95a. + To the prynce off Aragon~, + By this day sevynnyght. 1115 + Swith,aEuro(TM) he seith, aEuro~that this be done, + That thou be there and wyn~ thy shone, + Gete the armes bryght.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 1110. _ye are leryd_ MS. + 1111. _be wed_ MS. + 1115 and 1118 have changed their place in theA MS.] + +(97) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent has an azure shield with a gold squire on it; and a grinning + dragon of gold on the crest of his helmet.] + + Sir Torrent ordenyth hym a sheld, + It was ryche in euery ffeld, 1120 + Listonyth, what he bare: + O{n} aEure a squier off gold, + Richely bett on mold; + Listonyth, what he ware: + A dragon~ lying hym be-syde, 1125 + His mouth grennyng fuAEsAEs wyde, + AAEsAEs ffyghtyng as they were; + The creste, that on his hede shold stond, + Hit was aAEsAEs gold shynand, + Thus previd he hym~ there. 1130 + + [Linenote: + 1122. _On_] _of_ MS.] + +(98) + + [Sidenote: + He hears that DesonellaEuro(TM)s marriage is certain.] + + Lordys assembelid in sale, + WeAEsAEs mo than I haue in tale, + Or ellis gret wonder were. + There herd {he} teAEsAEs ffor certan~, + That DesoneAEsAEs wed shold be than~, 1135 + That was hym selfe ffuAEsAEs dere. + And whan~ he herd of that ffare, + Wors tydingis than were thare, + Might he none gladly here . . . . . . . + + [Linenote: + 1134. _he_] _l_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT CHALLENGES THE PRINCE OF ARAGON.] + +(99) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent rides into the Hall where Desonell is, and challenges any + one to fight him for her.] + + He wold not in passe, 1140 + TiAEsAEs {at} the myd mete was + The kyng and meny a knyght; + As they satt at theyre {mete} glade, + In at the haAEsAEs dur {he} rade + In armes ffeyre and bryght, f. 95b. 1145 + With a squier, that is ffre; + Vp to the lady ryduth he, + That rychely was i-dight. + aEuro~Lordys,aEuro(TM) he said, aEuro~among you aAEsAEs + I chalenge thre coursus in the haAEsAEs, 1150 + {Or} Delyuer {her} me with right!aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 1141. _at_] om. MS. + 1143. _mete_] om. MS. + 1144. _he_] _they_ MS. + 1151. _Delyuer it me_ MS.] + +(100) + + [Sidenote: + The Prince of Aragon accepts,] + + The kyng of Aragon~ sett her bye, + And he defendid her nobely: + aEuro~I wyAEsAEs none delyu{er} the.aEuro(TM) + His son said: aEuro~So muste I thryve, 1155 + There shaAEsAEs no man just for my wiffe; + But yf youre wyAEsAEs it be, + For her love did I never no dede, + I shaAEsAEs to day, so god me spede: + Be-hold and ye shaAEsAEs se.aEuro(TM) 1160 + aEuro~Alas!aEuro(TM) said DesoneAEsAEs the dere, + aEuro~FuAEsAEs longe may I sitt here, + Or Torrent chalenge me.aEuro(TM) + +(101) + + [Sidenote: + and the lists are made ready. Torrent unhorses the Prince of + Aragon,] + + Trumpett{es} blew in the prese, + Lordys stond on {the grese}, 1165 + Ladyes lay ou{er} and be-held. + The prynce and Torrent th{e}n + Eyther to other gan ren~, + Smertely in that ffeld; + Torrent sett on hym~ so sore, 1170 + That hors and man down~ he bore, + And aAEsAEs to-sheverd his sheld. + So they tombelid aAEsAEs in ffere, + That afterward of VII yere + The prynce none armes myght weld. 1175 + + [Linenote: + 1165. _the grese_] _reugis_ or _rengis_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT BEATS THE PRINCE OF ARAGON.] + +(102) + + [Sidenote: + and he is carried indoors.] + + Torrent said: aEuro~So god me saue, + Other two coursus wyAEsAEs I haue, f. 96a. + Yf ye do me law of lond.aEuro(TM) + Gret lordys stond styAEsAEs, + They said nether good ne yAEsAEs 1180 + For tynding of his hond. + The prynce of Aragon~ in they barr~ + With lituAEsAEs worshipp and sydes sare, + He had no fote on ffor to stond. + Thus thes lordys justid aye; 1185 + Better {they} had to haue be away, + Suche comffort there he ffond. + + [Linenotes: + 1167. _than_ MS. + 1186. _they_] _he_ MS. + 1187. _ffound_ MS.] + +(103) + + [Sidenote: + At dinner, Torrent lays SlongusaEuro(TM)s head on the table.] + + He wold not in passe, + TiAEsAEs they at myd mete was, + On the other day at none. 1190 + His squiers habite he had, + Whan~ he to the deyse yad, + With oute couped shone, + And the hede on~ the bord he laid: + aEuro~Lo, s{ir} kyng, hold this,aEuro(TM) he said, 1195 + aEuro~Or ellis wroth we anon~!aEuro(TM) + They sett stiAEsAEs at the bord, + None of hem spake one word, + But ryght that he had done. + + [Linenote: + 1198. _They spake nether ylle ne good_ add. (!)A MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT CLAIMS DESONELL, AND HALF PORTUGAL.] + +(104) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent proclaims the promise of the King of Portugal to give him + Desonell, and half Portugal, if he slew Slongus.] + + Torrent at the syde bord stode: 1200 + aEuro~Lystonyth, lordyng{es}, gentiAEsAEs of blood, + For the love of god aAEsAEs-myght: + The kyng heyght me his doughter dere, + To ffyght with a ffendys ffere, + That wekyd was and wight, 1205 + To wed her to my wyffe, + And halffe his kyngdome be his liffe, + And after his days aAEsAEs his ryght. [1209] + Lokyth, lordys, you among, f. 96b. + Whether he do me ryght or wrong!aEuro(TM) 1210 + Tho waried hym~ both kyng & knyght. + + [Linenote: + 1211. _&_] _ky_, struck out, add. MS.] + +(105) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Aragon says his son has wedded Desonell. He will be + revenged on the King of Portugal.] + + Tho said the kyng of Aragon, i-wys: + aEuro~Torrent, I wiste no thing of thys, + A gret maister arte thou!aEuro(TM) + The kyng sware be seynt Gryffen~: 1215 + aEuro~With a sword thou shalte her wynne, + Or thou haue her nowe: + For why, my son to her was wed, + Gret lordys to churche her led, [1220] + I take wittnes of aAEsAEs you.aEuro(TM) 1220 + aEuro~Kyng Calamond, haue good day, + Thou shalt i-bye it, and I may, + To god I make avowe.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenote: + 1220. _you alle_ MS.] + +(106) + + [Sidenote: + To settle the quarrel, the Emperor suggests a fight between 2 + Champions.] + + The Emp{er}oure of Rome ther was, + Be-twene thes kyng{es} gan~ he passe 1225 + And said: aEuro~Lordys, as sone, + This squier, that hath brought this hede, + The kyng had wend he had be dede, + And a-venturly gan~ he gone: [1230] + I rede you take a day of {ryghtes}, 1230 + And do it vppon~ two knyght{es}, + And let no man~ be sl{o}n~!aEuro(TM) + Gret lordys, that were thare, + This talis lovid at that fare + And ordenyd tha{t} anon~. 1235 + + [Linenotes: + 1230. _ryghtes_] _Restys_ MS. + 1232. _slayn_ MS. + 1235. _that_] _than_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS TO FIGHT THE GIANT CATE.] + +(107) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Aragon sends to the giant Cate to fight Torrent] + + To the kyng {the thoght} com~ was, + To send vnto Sathanas + For a geaunt, that hight Cate, + For to make hym~ knyght to his hond [1240] + And sease hym~ in aAEsAEs his lond; 1240 + The messingere toke the gate. f. 97a. + Gret othes he sware hym than~, + That he shold ffyght but w{i}t{h} one man~, + And purvey hym he bad + Iryn stavis two or thre, 1245 + For to ffyght with Torent ffre, + Though he there of ne w{a}tt. + + [Linenotes: + 1236. _the thoght_ om. MS. + 1247. _wott_ MS.] + +(108) + + [Sidenote: + on an island for half Portugal.] + + Than take counseAEsAEs kyng and knyght, + On lond that he shold not ffyght, [1250] + But ffar oute in the see, 1250 + In an yle long and br{a}d; + A gret payn~ there was made, + That holdyn~ shold it be. + Yf Cate slow Torent, that ffre ys, + Halfe Portyngale shold be his, 1255 + To spend with dedys ffre; + And yf s{ir} Torrent myght hym ou{er}-com~, + He shold haue halfe Aragon~, + Was better than suche thre. [1260] + + [Linenotes: + 1248. _couns._] _of_ add. MS. + 1251. _brod_ MS.] + +[Headnote: THE GIANT CATE, AND TORRENT, GO TO THE ISLAND.] + +(109) + + [Sidenote: + The Giant Cate comes to an Island.] + + The Gyaunt shipped in a while 1260 + And sett hym~ oute in an yle, + That was grow both grene and gay. + Sir Torrent com~ prekand on a stede, + Richely armed in his wede; + aEuro~Lordyngys,aEuro(TM) gan he say, 1265 + aEuro~It is semely ffor a knyght, + Vppon a stede ffor to ffyght.aEuro(TM) + They said sone: aEuro~Nay, + He is so hevy, he can not ryde. [1270] + Torrent said: aEuro~EviAEsAEs mut he be-tyde, 1270 + Falshode, woo worth it aye!aEuro(TM) + +(110) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent prays for ChristaEuro(TM)s help,] + + aEuro~Sir, takyth houseAEsAEs and shrefte!aEuro(TM) f. 97b. + To god he did his hondys lifte, + And thankid hym of his sond: + aEuro~I{es}u Cryste, I the praye, 1275 + Send me myght and strengith this day + A-yen~ the ffend to stond!aEuro(TM) + To the shipp s{ir} Torent went, + With the grace, god had hym sent, [1280] + That was never ffayland; 1280 + AAEsAEs the lordys of that contre, + Frome Rome vnto the Grekys se, + Stode and be-held on lond. + + [Linenotes: + 1278. This line begins with a big initial letter. + _Torent_] _yode_, struck out, add.A MS. + 1283. _On lond stode and be held_ MS.] + +(111) + + [Sidenote: + and lands in the Island too. The Giant knocks TorrentaEuro(TM)s staff out of + his hand,] + + Whan s{ir} Torrent in to the Ile was brought, + The shipmen~ lenger wold tary nought, 1285 + But hied hem sone ageyn~; + The Giaunt said: aEuro~So must I the, + Sir, thou art welcom to me, + Thy deth is not to layn~!aEuro(TM) [1290] + The ffirste stroke to hym he yaue, 1290 + Oute of his hand flew his staff: + That thefe was fuAEsAEs fayn~. + Tho s{ir} Torent went nere Cate, . . . . . + He thought, he wold hym~ haue slayn~. + +[Headnote: TORRENT KILLS THE GIANT CATE WITH COBBLE-STONES.] + +(112) + + [Sidenote: + and runs into the sea. Torrent shies cobble-stones at him, kills + him,] + + The theff couth no better wonne, 1295 + In to the see rennyth he sone, + As faste as he myght ffare. + Sir Torrent gaderid cobled stonys, [1300] + Good and handsom ffor the nonys, + That good and round w{a}re; 1300 + Meny of them to hym~ he caste, + He threw stonys on hym so faste, + That he was sad and s{a}re. + To the ground he did hym feAEsAEs, f. 98a. + Men~ myght here the fend yeAEsAEs 1305 + Halfe a myle and m{a}re. + + [Linenotes: + 1298. _gad._] _good_ add. MS. + 1300. _were_ MS. + 1303. _sore_ MS. + 1306. _more_ MS.] + +(113) + + [Sidenote: + and he is towd ashore. Torrent is shipt to the mainland.] + + Sir Torent said, as he was wonne, + He thankid I{es}u, Maryes son~, [1310] + That kyng, that sent hym myEt~; + He said: aEuro~Lordys, for charite, 1310 + A bote that ye send to me, + It is nere hand nyght!aEuro(TM) + They Reysed a gale w{i}t{h} a sayAEsAEs, + The Geaunt to lond for to trayAEsAEs, + AAEsAEs men wonderid on that wight. 1315 + Whan that they had so done, + They went to s{ir} Torent fuAEsAEs sone + And shipped that comly knyght. [1320] + +[Headnote: TORRENT WINS DESONELL, LANDS, AND A CITY.] + +(114) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent is awarded Desonell, territory, and the City of Cargon. + Desonell is divorst from the Prince of Aragon.] + + The emp{er}oure of Rome was there, + {The kynges} of P{er}vens and of Calabere yare, 1320 + And other two or thre. + They yaue s{ir} Torent, that he wan, + Both the Erth and the woman~, + And said, weAEsAEs worthy was he. + Sir Torent had in Aragon~ 1325 + The riche Cite of Cargon~ + And aAEsAEs that riche contre; + Archbeshoppes, as the law feAEsAEs, [1330] + Dep{ar}tid the prynce and DissoneAEsAEs + With gret solempnite. 1330 + + [Linenotes: + 1320. _The kynges_] om. MS. + 1321. _other_] _kynges_ add. MS. + _or_] _the_ add.A MS.] + +(115) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Portugal acknowledges Torrent,] + + For s{ir} Torent the fend did faAEsAEs, + Gret lordys honoured hym~ aAEsAEs + And for a doughty knyght hym~ tase; + The kyng said: aEuro~I vnderstond, + Thou hast fought ffor my dought{er} + & my lond, f. 98b. 1335 + And weAEsAEs wonne her thou hase.aEuro(TM) + He gaue to s{aint} Nycholas de Barr~ + A grett Erldome and a {si}marr~ [1340] + That abbey of hym {tas} + For I{es}us love, moch of myght, 1340 + That hym helpith day & nyght, + Whan~ he to the batteAEsAEs {gas}. + + [Linenotes: + 1337. _saint_] _sir_ MS. + 1338. _simarr{e}_] _marr_ MS. + 1339. _tas_] _redith_ MS. + 1342. _gas_] _yode_ MS.] + +(116) + + [Sidenote: + and the Queen is glad. The King of Portugal bids Torrent wait 6 + months and a day for Desonell.] + + Lordys than~ at the laste, + Echone on theyre way paste, + And euery man~ to his. 1345 + The quene of Portingale was ffayn~, + That s{ir} Torent was com agayn~ + And thankyd god of this. [1350] + Than said the kyng: aEuro~I vnderstond, + Thou hast fought for my dought{er} & my lond, 1350 + And art my ward, i-wys, + And I wyAEsAEs not ageyn~ the say; + But abyde halfe yere and a day, + And broke her weAEsAEs with blis!aEuro(TM) + +[Headnote: TORRENT BEGETS TWINS ON DESONELL.] + +(117) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent passes a night with Desonell.] + + Torent said: aEuro~So muste I the, 1355 + Sith it wyAEsAEs no better be, + I cord with that assent!aEuro(TM) + After mete, as I you teAEsAEs, [1360] + To speke with mayden~ DesoneAEsAEs, + To her chamber he went. 1360 + The damyseAEsAEs so moche of pride + Set hym on~ her bed-syde, + And said: aEuro~Welcom~, verament!aEuro(TM) + Such gestenyng he a-right, + That there he dwellid aAEsAEs nyEt~ 1365 + With that lady gent. f. 99a. + +(118) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Norway begs him to come and fight a Giant there.] + + Sir Torent dwellid thare + Twelffe wekys and mare, [1370] + TiAEsAEs letters com hym tiAEsAEs + Fro the kyng of Norway; 1370 + For I{es}us love he did hym p{r}aye, + Yf it were his wyAEsAEs, + He shold com as a doughty knyght, + With a Geaunt for to ffyght, + That wyAEsAEs his londys spyAEsAEs; 1375 + He wold hym yeve his doughter dere + And halfe Norway ffar and nere, + Both be hold and be hyAEsAEs. [1380] + +[Headnote: TORRENT SAILS TO FIGHT A NORWEGIAN GIANT.] + +(119) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent gives all his land to the King for Desonell;] + + Sir Torent said: aEuro~So god me saue, + I-nough to lyve vppon I haue, 1380 + I wyAEsAEs desire no more; + But it be, for I{es}u is sake + A poynt of armes for to take, + That hath helpid me be-ffore. + I yeve the here oute of my hond 1385 + To thy doughter aAEsAEs my lond, + Yf that I end th{o}re.aEuro(TM) + And whan~ he toke his way to passe, [1390] + Mo than ffyfty with hym was, + That fals to hym~ w{o}re. 1390 + + [Linenotes: + 1387. _there_ MS. + 1390. _were_ MS.] + +(120) + + [Sidenote: + leaves 2 gold rings with her,] + + +S+yr Torent to the lady went, + FuAEsAEs curtesly and gent: . . . . . + aEuro~DesoneAEsAEs, haue good day! + I muste now on my jurnay, + A kyngis lond for to fend. 1395 + Thes gold ryng{es} I shaAEsAEs yeve the, + Kepe {them} weAEsAEs, my lady ffre, + Yf god a child vs send!aEuro(TM) [1400] + She toke the ryngis with moche care, f. 99b. + Thries in sownyng feAEsAEs she thare, 1400 + Whan she saw, that he wold wend. + + [Linenotes: + 1393. _Denoselle_ MS. + 1397. _them_] om. MS.] + +(121) + + [Sidenote: + and goes on board ship with his steed and armour. Torrent gets to + Norway.] + + Shipp and takyAEsAEs they dight, + Stede and armo{ur} ffor to ffyght + To the bote they bare. + Gentilmen~, that were hend, 1405 + Toke her leve at theyre frend, + With hym ffor to fare. + Kyng Colomond, is not to layn~, [1410] + He wold, that he cam nev{ur}e agayn~; + There fore god yeff hym~ care! 1410 + So within the ffyfty dayes + He Come in to the lond of Norways, + Hard Contre ffound he thare. + +[Headnote: TORRENT REACHES NORWAY, AND HEARS OF A GIANT.] + +(122) + + [Sidenote: + The shipmen tell him of a Giant.] + + Thus s{ir} Torrent, for soth, is fare, + A noble wynd droffe hym~ thare, 1415 + Was blowyng oute of the weste. + Of the Coste of Norway they had a sight . . . [1419] + Of sayling they were aAEsAEs preste. + So ffeyre a wynd had the knyght, + A lituAEsAEs be-ffore the mydnyght 1420 + He Rode be a foreste. + The shipmen said: aEuro~We be shent; + Here dwellith a geaunt, verament, + On his lond are we {kest}!aEuro(TM) + + [Linenote: + 1424. _kest_] _sett_ MS.] + +(123) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent resolves to land.] + + The maistershipm{o}n~ said: aEuro~Nowe 1425 + I Rede, we take down~ sayle & Rowe, + While we haue this tyde. [1430] + Sir,aEuro(TM) he said, aEuro~be god aAEsAEsmyght, + The giant lieth euery nyght + On~ the mowntayn~ here be-syde; 1430 + My lord the kyng wyAEsAEs not ffyght, f. 100a. + TiAEsAEs he of you haue a sight, + On you ys aAEsAEs his pryde!aEuro(TM) + Sir Torrent said: aEuro~Here my hond! + Sith we be ryven on this lond, 1435 + To nyght wyAEsAEs I ryde.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 1425. _maistershipmen_ MS. + 1429. _lieth_] _here_ add. MS. + 1434. _Torerent_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT LANDS IN THE FOREST OF BRASILL.] + +(124) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent and his knights arm.] + + Sir Torent armyd hym~ anon [1440] + And his knyght{es} euerychone + With sheld and spere in hond. + The shipmen~ said: aEuro~As mut I thryve, 1440 + I Rede, that euery man~ other shryve, + Or that we go to the lond.aEuro(TM) + Sir Torent said: aEuro~As god me spede, + We wiAEsAEs firste se that ffede, + My lord was never f{ail}and! 1445 + Gentilmen, ma{k}e chere good, + For I{es}u love, that died on Rood, [1450] + He wiAEsAEs be oure waraunt!aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 1445. _fleand_ MS. + 1446. _make_] _made_ MS.] + +(125) + + [Sidenote: + They reach the Forest of Brasill. The coward knights flee to the + ship, and leave Torrent alone.] + + In a forest can~ they passe, + Of BrasiAEsAEs, saith the boke, it was, 1450 + With bowes brod and wyde. + Lyons and berys there they ff{a}nd + And wyld best{es} aboute goand, + Reysing on euery side. + Thes men~ of armes, w{i}t{h} trayn~ 1455 + To the shipp they flew agayn~ + In to the see at that tyde; [1460] + Fast from land row they be-gan~, + A-bove they left that gentilman~, + With wyld beestis to haue kyde. 1460 + + [Linenotes: + 1451. _bowes_] _browes_ MS. + 1452. _ffound_ MS. + 1460. _k_ corrected out of _r_.] + +(126) + + [Sidenote: + False tales of Torrent are told to the King of Norway.] + + The shipmen~ of the same lond + Ryved vp, I vnderstond, + In another lond off hold. f. 100b. + To the chamber they toke the way, + There the kyng hym~ selfe lay, 1465 + And fals talis hym~ told . . . . . . + For he wold not the geaunt abyde, [1470] + For aAEsAEs this contrey feyre and wyde, + ThouE he yeff it hym wold. + + [Linenote: + 1465 put before 1464 MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT COMES ON 2 DRAGONS IN A VALLEY.] + +(127) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Norway wants Torrent to come.] + + aEuro~Sir kyng, ye haue youre selfe 1470 + Erlis {doughty be} ten~ or twelfe, + Better know I none: + Send youre messingeris ffar and wyde, + For to ffeAEsAEs the geaunt{es} pride, + That youre doughter hath tane.aEuro(TM) 1475 + aEuro~I had lever to haue that knyght; + With hym~ is grace of god aAEsAEsmyEt~, + To be here at his bane.aEuro(TM) [1480] + FuAEsAEs lituAEsAEs wist that riche kyng + Of s{ir} Torrent{es} ryding 1480 + In the forest aAEsAEs alone. + + [Linenotes: + 1471. _doughty be_] om. MS. + 1476. _that_] _ky_, struck out, add. MS.] + +(128) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent rides up to 2 Dragons.] + + ThorouE helpe of god that w{i}t{h} hym was, + Fro the wyld bestis gan~ he passe + To an hye hyAEsAEs. + A lituAEsAEs while be-fore the day 1485 + He herd in a valey + A dynnyng and a yeAEsAEs. [1490] + Theder than~ riduth he, + To loke, what thing it myEt be, + What adventure tha{re} be-feAEsAEs. 1490 + It were two dragons stiff and strong, + Vppon~ theyre lay they sat and song, + Be-side a depe weAEsAEs. + + [Linenote: + 1490. _thare_] _that_ MS.] + +(129) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent prays to Christ, spears the first Dragon;] + + Sir Torent said thanne + To god, that made man~ f. 101a. 1495 + And died uppon~ a tree: + aEuro~Lord, as thou mayst aAEsAEs weld, [1500] + Yeve me grace, to wyn~ the feld + Of thes ffendys on{fre}!aEuro(TM) + Whan he had his p{r}ayers made, 1500 + Pertely to hem~ he Rade + And one thorouE oute bare he. + Thus sped the knyght at his comyng + Thorough the helpe of hevyn~ kyng: + Lord, lovid muste thou be! 1505 + + [Linenotes: + 1499. _onfre_] _ontrewe_ MS. + 1502. _he bare_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT KILLS THE 2 DRAGONS, AND SEES A CASTLE.] + +(130) + + [Sidenote: + and then kills the second.] + + The other dragon wold not flee, . . . . . + But sho{w}ith aAEsAEs his myght; [1510] + He smote ffire, that lothely thing, + As it were the lightnyng, + Vppon~ that comly knyght. 1510 + There fore s{ir} Torent wold not lett, + But on~ the dragon) fast~ he bett + And over-come that foule wight. + Tho anon the day sprong, + Fowles Rose, mery they song, 1515 + The sonne a-Rose on hyE{t}. + + [Linenotes: + 1507. _shotith_ MS. + 1516. _hyEe_ MS.] + +(131) + + [Sidenote: + He sees a Castle.] + + Torent of the day was fuAEsAEs blithe, [1520] + And of the valey he did hym~ swith, + As fast as euer he may. + To a mowntayn~ he rode ryght, 1520 + Of a casteAEsAEs he had a sight + With towrys hyEe and gay . . . . . . + He come in to an hyEe strete, + Few folke gan~ he mete, + To wis hym~ the way. 1525 + + [Linenote: + 1525. _wish_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT BEFORE THE NORSE GIANTaEuro(TM)S CASTLE.] + +(132) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent rides to the Norse GiantaEuro(TM)s castle gates.] + + To the gatys tho he R{a}de; + FuAEsAEs craftely they were made f. 101b. + Of Irun~ and eke of tree. [1531] + One tre stonding there he ffond: + Nyne oxen~ of that lond 1530 + Shold not drawe the tre. + The Giaunt wrought vp his w{a}AEsAEs + And laid stonys gret and smaAEsAEs: + A lothely man~ was he. + aEuro~Now,aEuro(TM) quod Torrent, aEuro~I {n}ot, whare, 1535 + My squiers be ffro me to fare, + Euer waried th{ey} be! [1540] + + [Linenotes: + 1526. _rode_ MS. + 1529. _ffound_ MS. + 1532. _welle_ MS. + 1535. _wot_ MS. + 1537. _they_] _thou_ MS.] + +(133) + + [Sidenote: + He considers what he shall do, and resolves to fight.] + + aEuro~Lord god, what is beste, + So I{es}u me helpe, Est or Weste, + I Can not Rede to {say}. 1540 + Yf I to the shipp fare, + No shipmen~ ffynd {I} thare; + It is long, sith they were away. + Other wayes yf I wend, + Wyld bestis wyAEsAEs me shend: 1545 + Falshede, woo worth it aye! + I ffyght here, I{es}u, for thy sake; [1560] + Lord, to me kepe thou take, + As thou best may!aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 1540. _say_] _done_ MS. + 1542. _And no_ MS. + _I_] om. MS.] + +(134) + + [Sidenote: + He baits his steed. The Norse Giant prepares to fight.] + + Down~ light this gentiAEsAEs knyght, 1550 + To Rest hym~ a lituAEsAEs wight, + And vnbrydelid his stede + And let hym~ bayte on~ the ground, + And aventid hym~ in~ that stound, + There of he had gret nede. 1555 + The Gyaunt yode and gaderid stone + And sye, where the knyght gan~ gone, [1570] + AAEsAEs armed in dede; f. 102a. + And wot ye weAEsAEs and not wene, + Whan eyther of hem had other sene, 1560 + Smertely {they} rerid her dede. + + [Linenotes: + 1553. _bayte_] _hym_ add. MS. + 1561. _they_] om. MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT GETS ASSURANCE FROM HEAVEN.] + +(135) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent prays to Christ, and is cheerd by a voice from Heaven.] + + For that s{ir} Torent had hym sene, + He worth vppon his stede, I wene, + And I{es}u prayd{e} he tiAEsAEs: + aEuro~Mary son~, thou here my bone, 1565 + As I am~ in venturus s{t}ad come, + My jurnay {to} fuAEsAEs-ffyAEsAEs!aEuro(TM) [1580] + A voys was fro hevyn~ sent + And said: aEuro~Be blith, s{ir} Torent, + And yeve the no thing yAEsAEs, 1570 + To ffyght with my lordys enemy: + Whether that thou lyve or dye, + Thy mede the quyte he wyAEsAEs!aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 1566. _sad_ MS. + 1567. _to_] _than_ MS. + 1573. _He wylle quyte the thy mede_ MS.] + +(136) + + [Sidenote: + The Giant advances against Torrent.] + + Be that the giaunt had hym dight, + Cam~ ageyn~ that gentiAEsAEs knyght, 1575 + As bold as eny bore; + He bare on~ his nek a croke, [1590] + Woo were the man~, that he ou{er}toke, + It was twelfe ffote and more. + aEuro~Sir,aEuro(TM) he said, aEuro~ffor charite, 1580 + Loke, curtes man~ that thou be, + Yf thy wyAEsAEs ware: + I haue so fought aAEsAEs this nyght + With thy II dragons wekyd and wight, + They haue bett me fuAEsAEs sore.aEuro(TM) 1585 + +[Headnote: THE NORSE GIANT, WERAUNT, WOUNDS TORRENT.] + +(137) + + [Sidenote: + The Giant says heaEuro(TM)ll punish Torrent for killing his 2 Dragons and + his Brother Cate.] + + The Geaunt said: aEuro~Be my fay, + Wors tyding{es} to me this day [1600] + I myght not goodly here. + Thorough the valey as thou cam~, + My two dragons hast thou slan~, 1590 + My solempnite they were. f. 102b. + To the I haue fuAEsAEs good gate; + For thou slow my brother Cate, + That thou shalte by fuAEsAEs dere!aEuro(TM) + Be-twene the giaunt and the knyght 1595 + Men myght se buffett{es} right, + Who so had be there. [1610] + + [Linenote: + 1590. _slayne_ MS.] + +(138) + + [Sidenote: + The GiantaEuro(TM)s crook cuts through TorrentaEuro(TM)s shield to his flesh, and + sticks there.] + + Sir Torent yaue to hym~ a brayd; + He levid that the aungeAEsAEs said, + Of deth yaue he no{ught}. 1600 + In to the brest he hym~ bare, + His spere hede lefte he thare, + So eviAEsAEs was hitt {bythought}. + The Giaunt hym ayen~ smate + Thorough his sheld and his plate, 1605 + In to the flesh it sought; + And sith he pullith at his croke, [1620] + So fast in to the flesh it toke, + That oute myEt he gete it nought. + + [Linenotes: + 1600. _nought_] _no dynt_ MS. + 1603. _byth._] _mynt_ MS.] + +(139) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent throws his shield and the GiantaEuro(TM)s crook into the water. The + Giant goes in after them and is drowned.] + + On hym~ he hath it broke, 1610 + Glad pluckys there he toke, + Set sadly and s{a}re. + Sir Torent stalworth satt, + Oute of his handys he it gatt, + No lenger dwellid he th{a}re. 1615 + In to the water he cast his sheld, + Croke and aAEsAEs to-geders it held, [1630] + Fare after, how so euer it ffare. + The Geaunt folowid w{i}t{h} aAEsAEs his mayn~, + And he come never quyk agayn~: 1620 + God wold, that so it ware. + + [Linenotes: + 1612. _sore_ MS. + 1615. _there_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT SLAYS THE NORSE GIANT, WERAUNT.] + +(140) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent rides to the GiantaEuro(TM)s castle,] + + Sir Torent bet hym~ there, f. 103a. + TiAEsAEs that this fend did were, + Or he thens wend. + On hym had he hurt but ane, 1625 + Lesse myght be a mann{us} bane, + But god is fuAEsAEs hend: [1640] + Thorough grace of hym, that aAEsAEs shaAEsAEs weld, + There the knyght had the feld, + Such grace god did hym~ send. 1630 + Be than it nyed nere hand nyEt~, + To a casteAEsAEs he Rode right, + AAEsAEs nyght there to lend. + + [Linenote: + 1626. _But lesse_ MS.] + +(141) + + [Sidenote: + and finds a fair Lady there. Torrent asks for a nightaEuro(TM)s lodging.] + + In the casteAEsAEs found he nought, + That god on the Rode bought; 1635 + High vppon~ a toure, + As he caste a side lokyng, [1650] + He saw a lady in her bed syttyng, + White as lylye ffloure; + Vp a-Rose that lady bryght, 1640 + And said: aEuro~Welcom~, s{ir} knyght, + That fast art in stoure!aEuro(TM) + aEuro~DamyseAEsAEs, welcom~ mut thou be! + Graunt thou me, for charite, + Of one nyghtis so{i}oure!aEuro(TM) 1645 + + [Linenote: + 1645. _socoure_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT IN THE GIANT WERAUNTaEuro(TM)S CASTLE.] + +(142) + + [Sidenote: + The Lady says the Giant Weraunt will kill him.] + + aEuro~By Mary,aEuro(TM) said that lady clere, + aEuro~Me for-thinkith, that thou com~ here, [1660] + Thy deth now is dight; + For here dwellith a geaunt, + He is clepud Weraunt, 1650 + He is {to} the deviAEsAEs be-taught. + To day at morn~ he toke his croke, + Forth at the yat{es} the way he toke, + And said, he wold haue a draught; f. 103b. + And here be chambers two or thre, 1655 + In one of hem I shaAEsAEs hide the, + God the saue ffrome harmes right!aEuro(TM) [1670] + + [Linenotes: + 1650. _Weraunt_] _weraumt_ (?) MS. + 1651. _to_] _of_ MS.] + +(143) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent tells her to come and see the Giant.] + + aEuro~Certayn~,aEuro(TM) tho said the knyght, + aEuro~That theffe I saw to nyght, + Here be-side a sla{d}e. 1660 + He was a ferly freke in ffyght, + With hym faught a yong knyght, + Ech on other laid good l{a}de; + Me thought weAEsAEs, as he stode, + He was of the fend{us} blood, 1665 + So Rude was he made. + Dame, yf thou leve not me, [1680] + Com~ nere, and thou shalt se, + Which of hem ab{a}de.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 1660. _slate_ or _flate_ MS. + 1663. _lode_ MS. + 1669. _abode_ MS.] + +(144) + + [Sidenote: + The Norwegian Princess sees the GiantaEuro(TM)s corpse, and praises his + slayer.] + + Blith was that lady bryght 1670 + For to se that {selly} sight: + With the knyght went she. + Whan she cam, where the Geaunt lay, + aEuro~Sir,aEuro(TM) she said, aEuro~p{ar}maffay + I wott weAEsAEs, it is he. 1675 + Other he was of god aAEsAEs-myght + Or seynt George, oure lady knyEt~, [1690] + That there his bane hath be. + Yf eny cryston~ man smyte hym down~, + He is worthy to haue renown~ 1680 + Thorough oute aAEsAEs crystiaunte.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenote: + 1671. _selly_] om. MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT RESCUES THE PRINCESS OF NORWAY.] + +(145) + + [Sidenote: + She tells Torrent that her Father gave her, as his ransom, to the + Giant.] + + aEuro~I haue wonder,aEuro(TM) said the knyght, + aEuro~How he gate the, lady bryght, + Fro my lord the kyng.aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Sir,aEuro(TM) she said, aEuro~verament, f. 104a. 1685 + As my fader on huntyng went + Erly in a mornyng, [1700] + For{e} his men pursued a dere, + To his casteAEsAEs, that stondith here, + That doth my hondys wryng, 1690 + This Giaunt hym toke, wo he be! + For his love he gevith hym~ me, + He wold none other thinge.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenote: + 1688. _For_ MS.] + +(146) + + Forth she brought bred and wyne, + Fayn~ he was for to dyne . . . . . . 1695 + This knyght made noble chere, + Though that he woundid were [1710] + With the Geaunt strong. + +(147) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent takes her away. Torrent longs for Desonell. The Norwegian + Princess sees her Father.] + + Sir Torrent dwellid no lenger thare, + Than~ he myEt away fare 1700 + With that lady bryght. + aEuro~Now, I{es}u, that made heAEsAEs, + Send me on lyve to DesoneAEsAEs, + That I my trouth to plight!aEuro(TM) + Tho sye they be a forest syde 1705 + Men~ of armes ffaste ride + On coursers comly dight. [1720] + The lady said: aEuro~So mvst I thee, + It is my fader, is com for me, + With the Geaunt to ffyght.aEuro(TM) 1710 + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS WELCOMD BY THE KING OF NORWAY.] + +(148) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent is recognised] + + An harood said anon~ right: + aEuro~Yon I se an armed knyght, + And no squier, but hym~ one: + He is so {big} of bone & blood, + He is the Geaunt, be the Rode!aEuro(TM) 1715 + Som~ seith, he riduth vppon~. + aEuro~Nay,aEuro(TM) said the kyng, aEuro~verament, f. 104b. [1820] + It is the knyght, that I after sent, + I thanke god and seynt IohA+-, + For the Geaunt slayn~) hath he 1720 + And wonne my dought{er}, weAEsAEs is me! + AAEsAEs his men are {a}t{o}ne!aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 1714. _big_] _long_ MS. + 1722. _at._] _tane_ MS.] + +(149) + + [Sidenote: + and welcomd by the King of Norway. His wounds are drest.] + + Wott ye weAEsAEs, with Ioy and blis + Sir Torent there recevid ys, + As doughty man~ of dede. 1725 + The kyng and other lordys gent + Said, aEuro~Welcom~, s{ir} Torent, [1830] + In to this vncouth {thede}!aEuro(TM) + In to a state they hym~ brought, + Lechis sone his woundis sought; 1730 + They said, so god hem spede, + Were there no lyve but ane, + His liffe they wyAEsAEs not vndertane, + For no gold ne ffor mede. + + [Linenote: + 1728. _thede_] _lond_ MS.] + +[Headnote: PRINCESS GENDRES. TORRENT STAYS A YEAR IN NORWAY.] + +(150) + + [Sidenote: + The Princess claims Torrent as her husband.] + + The lady wist not or than~, 1735 + That he was hurt, that gentilman~, + And sith she went hym tyAEsAEs; [1840] + She sought his wound{us} and said thare: + aEuro~Thou shalte lyve and welfare, + Yf the no-thing evyAEsAEs! 1740 + My lord the kyng hath me hight, + That thou shalt wed me, s{ir} knyght, + The fforward ye to fulle ffyAEsAEs.aEuro(TM) + aEuro~DamyseAEsAEs, loo here my hond: + And I take eny wyffe in this lond, 1745 + It shaAEsAEs be at thy wyAEsAEs!aEuro(TM) + +(151) + + [Sidenote: + Her name is Gendres. Torrent stays 12 months in Norway.] + + Gendres was that ladyes name. [1850] + The Geaunt{es} hede he brought hame, + And the dragons {he brought}. f. 105a. + Mene myght here a myle aboute, 1750 + How on the dede hedys they did shoute, + For the shame, that they hem~ wrought, + Both with dede and with tong + Fyfte on the hedys dong, + That to the ground they sought. 1755 + Sir Torrent dwellid thare + Twelfe monythis and mare, [1860] + That ffurther myEt he nought. + + [Linenotes: + 1749. _he br._] _also_ MS. + 1752. _they_] _had_ add. MS.] + +(152) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Norway sends TorrentaEuro(TM)s false Squires to sea, where all + drown, save one.] + + The kyng of Norway said: aEuro~Nowe, + Fals thevis, woo worth you, 1760 + Ferly soteAEsAEs were ye: + Ye said, the knyght wold not com~: + Swith oute of my kyngdome, + Or hangid shaAEsAEs ye be!aEuro(TM) + His squiers, that fro hym~ fled, 1765 + With sore strokys are they spred + Vppon the wanne see, [1870] + And there they drenchid euery man~, + Saue one knave, that to lond cam~, + And woo be-gone is he. 1770 + +[Headnote: DESONELL IS NEAR CHILD-BEARING.] + +(153) + + [Sidenote: + He takes the news to the King of Portugal, and tells Desonell that + Torrent is in Norway.] + + The child, to lond that god sent, + In Portyngale he is lent, + In a riche town~, + That hat{h} hight be her day, + And euer shaAEsAEs, as I you say, 1775 + The town~ of Peron~. + By-fore the kyng he hym sett, [1880] + aEuro~FuAEsAEs weAEsAEs thy men~, lord, the grett, + And in the see {did} they drown.aEuro(TM) + DesoneAEsAEs said: aEuro~Where is Torent?aEuro(TM) 1780 + aEuro~In Norway, lady, verament.aEuro(TM) f. 105b. + On sownyng feAEsAEs she down~. + + [Linenotes: + 1774. _hatt_ (!) MS. + 1778. _the_] _they_ MS. + 1779. _did_] _are_ MS. + _drowned_ MS.] + +(154) + + [Sidenote: + She swoons, and folk see she is big with child. The King of Portugal + declares heaEuro(TM)ll send Desonell and her Bastard to sea.] + + As she sownyd, this lady myld, + Men myEt se tokenyng of her child, + Steryng on~ her right syde. 1785 + Gret Ruth it was to teAEsAEs, + How her maydens on~ her feAEsAEs, [1890] + Her to Couer and to hide. + Tho the kyng said: aEuro~My dought{er}, do way! + By god, thy myrth is gone for aye, 1790 + Spousage wyAEsAEs thou none {bi}de! + There fore thou shalt in to the see + And that Bastard with-in the, + To lerne you ffor to ride.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenote: + 1791. _bide_] _lede_ MS.] + +[Headnote: DESONELL BEARS TWINS TO TORRENT.] + +(155) + + [Sidenote: + His Earls and the Queen pray for mercy for Desonell.] + + Erlis and Barons, that were good, 1795 + By-fore the kyng knelid and stode + For that lady free. [1900] + The quene, her moder, on knees feAEsAEs, + aEuro~For I{es}u is love, that harood heAEsAEs, + Lord, haue mercy on~ me! 1800 + That ylke dede, that she hath done, + It was with an Erlis sonne, + Riche man~ i-nough is he; + And yf ye wyAEsAEs not let her lyve, + Right of lond ye her yeve, 1805 + TiAEsAEs she delyu{er}d be!aEuro(TM) + +(156) + + [Sidenote: + She is delivered of 2 male children like Torrent. Her Father says + she shall be sent out to sea.] + + Thus the lady dwellith there, [1910] + Tyll that she delyu{er}d were + Of men~ children~ two; + In all poyntes they were gent, 1810 + And like they were to s{ir} Torent; + For his love they sufferid woo. f. 106a. + The kyng said: aEuro~So mut I thee, + Thou shalte in-to the see + With oute wordys moo. 1815 + Euery kyngis dought{er} ffer and nere, + At the shaAEsAEs they lere, [1920] + Ayen~ the law to do.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 1807. _Thus the_] so F. VII; _This_ MS. + 1808. _Tyll_] so F. VII; om. MS. + 1810. _all_] so F. VII; om. MS.] + +(157) + + [Sidenote: + She is led from his land. The Queen bewails her daughteraEuro(TM)s fate. + Desonell is sent to sea.] + + Gret ruth it was to se, + Whan they led that lady ffree 1820 + Oute of her faders lond. + The quene wexid tho nere wood + For her doughter, that gentiAEsAEs ffode, + And knyghtis stode wepand; + A cloth of silke gan they ta 1825 + And p{ar}tyd it be-twene hem twa, + Therin they were wonde. + Whan~ they had shypped that lady y{i}ng, [1930] + An hunderid feAEsAEs in sownyng + At Peron~ on~ the sond. 1830 + + [Linenotes: + 1827. so F. VII; om. MS. + 1828. _had sh._] so F. VII; _clepud_ MS. + _yeng_A MS.] + +[Headnote: DESONELL IS SENT OUT TO SEA. SHE REACHES LAND.] + +(158) + + [Sidenote: + She prays to Christ for her children.] + + Whan that lady was downe fall, + On Iesu Cryste dyd she call; + Down~ knelid that lady cle{n}e: + aEuro~Rightfull god, ye me sende + Some good londe, on to lende, 1835 + That my chyldren may crystonyd bene!aEuro(TM) + She said, aEuro~Knyghtis and ladyes gent, + Grete weAEsAEs my lord, s{ir} Torrent, + Yeff ye hym~ euer sene!aEuro(TM) + The wynd Rose ayen~ the nyght, 1840 + Fro lond it blew that lady bryght [1941] + Vppon the see so grene. + + [Linenotes: + 1831 f.] so F. VII; om. MS. + 1833. _clene_] _clere_ MS. + 1834 f.] so F. VII; + _Iesu Cryste, that com vp here + On this strond, as I wenyd_A MS. + 1836. _my ch._] so F. VII; _we_ MS.] + +(159) + + [Sidenote: + She and they reach land. Desonell stills her crying child,] + + Wyndes and weders haue her drevyn~, + Azat in a f{o}rest she is revyn~, + There wyld beestis were; 1845 + The see was eb, and went her ffroo, + And lefte her and her children~ two f. 106b. + Alone with-oute ffere. + Her one child woke and be-gan~ to wepe, + The lady a-woke oute of her slepe 1850 + And said: aEuro~Be stiAEsAEs, my dere, [1951] + I{es}u Cryst hath sent vs lond; + Yf there be any cryston man~ nere hond, + We shaAEsAEs haue som socoure here.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenote: + 1844. _forest_] so F. VII; _ftrest_ MS. + _she is_] so F. VII; _be they_ MS.] + +[Headnote: AA GRIFFIN CARRIES OFF ONE OF DESONELLaEuro(TM)S BOYS.] + +(160) + + [Sidenote: + goes up a mountain,] + + The carefuAEsAEs lady was fuAEsAEs blith, 1855 + Vp to lond she went swith, + As fast as euer she myght. + Tho the day be-gan~ to spryng, + Foules a-Rose and mery gan syng + Delicious notys on~ hight. 1860 + To a mowntayn went that lady ffree: [1961] + Sone was she warr~ of a Cite + With towrus ffeyre and bryght. + There fore, i-wys, she was fuAEsAEs fayn~, + She sett her down~, as I herd sayn~, 1865 + Her two children~ ffor to dight. + +(161) + + [Sidenote: + and finds an Arbour there. A Griffin carries off one of her boys. + She puts the other down,] + + Vppon~ the low the lady ffound + An Erber wrought w{i}t{h} mann{us} hond, + With herbis, that were good. + A Grype was in~ the mowntayn~ wonne, 1870 + A way he bare her yong son~ [1971] + Ou{er} a water fflood, + Over in to a wyldernes, + There seynt Antony ermet w{e}s, + There as his chapeAEsAEs stode. 1875 + The other child down~ gan~ she ly, + And on the ffoule did shoute & crye, f. 107a. + That she was nere hond wood. + + [Linenotes: + 1874. _was_ MS. + 1876. _ly_] _lay_ MS.] + +[Headnote: AA LEOPARD CARRIES OFF DESONELLaEuro(TM)S 2ND BOY.] + +(162) + + [Sidenote: + and sorrows.] + + Vp she rose ageyn~ the rough~, + With sorofuAEsAEs hert and care Inough~, 1880 + CarefuAEsAEs of blood and bone . . . . . . . [1981] + She sye, it myght no better be, + She knelid down~ vppon~ her kne, + And thankid god and seynt Iohn~. + +(163) + + [Sidenote: + A leopard takes her other boy away.] + + There come a libard vppon~ his pray, 1885 + And her other child bare away, + She thankid god there + And his moder Mary bryght. + This lady is lefte alone ryght: + The sorow she made there . . . . . 1890 + +(164) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Jerusalem sees the leopard and child.] + + That she myght no further ffare: [1991] + aEuro~Of one poynt,aEuro(TM) {she sayd}, aEuro~is my care, + As I do now vnderstond, + So my children~ crystenyd were, + Though they be with beest{es} there, 1895 + Theyre liffe is in godd{us} hond.aEuro(TM) + The kyng of Ierusalem~ had bene + At his brothers weddyng, I wene, + That was lord of aAEsAEs that lond. + As he com homward on his way, 1900 + He saw where the liberd lay [2001] + With a child pleyand. + + [Linenote: + 1892. _she s._] om. MS.] + +(165) + + [Sidenote: + Each child has one of TorrentaEuro(TM)s rings. The KingaEuro(TM)s men kill the + Leopard,] + + Torrent had yeve {her} ring{es} two, + And euery child had one of tho, + Hym~ with aAEsAEs to saue. 1905 + The kyng said: aEuro~Be Mary myld, + Yonder is a liberd w{i}t{h} a child, + A mayden~ or a knave.aEuro(TM) + Tho men~ of armes theder went, f. 107b. + Anon~ they had theyre hors spent, 1910 + Her guttys oute she Rave. [2011] + For no stroke wold she stynt; + TiAEsAEs they her slew w{i}t{h} speris dynt, + The child myght they not haue. + + [Linenote: + 1903. _her_] _his lady_ MS.] + +[Headnote: HE (LEOBERTUS) IS ADOPTED BY THE KING OF JERUSALEM.] + +(166) + + [Sidenote: + and take the Child to the King, who christens him aEuro~Leobertus,aEuro(TM)] + + Vp they toke the child y{i}ng 1915 + And brought it be-ffore the kyng + And vndid the swathing band, + As his moder be-ffore had done, + A gold ryng they ffound sone, + Was closud in his hond. 1920 + Tho said the kyng of Ierusalem~: [2021] + aEuro~This child is come of gentiAEsAEs teme, + Where euer this beest hym~ ffond. + The boke of Rome berith wytnes, + The kyng hym~ namyd Leobertus, 1925 + That was hent in hethyn~ lond. + + [Linenotes: + 1915. _yong_ MS. + 1923. _ffound_ MS.] + +(167) + + [Sidenote: + and takes him to Jerusalem.] + + Two squiers to the town~ gan~ flyng, + And a noryse to the child did bryng, + Hym~ to kepe ffrome gr{e}me. + He led it in~ to his own~ lond 1930 + And told the quene, how he it ffond [2031] + By a water streme. + Whan~ the lady saw the ryng, + She said, with-oute lettyng: + aEuro~This child is com~ of gentiAEsAEs teme: 1935 + Thou hast none heyre, thy lond to take, + For I{es}u love thou {sh}oldist hym~ make + Prynce of Ierusalem~.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 1929. _grame_ MS. + 1937. _woldist_ MS.] + +[Headnote: ST. ANTONY GETS THE FIRST BOY FROM THE GRIFFIN.] + +(168) + + [Sidenote: + St. Anthony sees the Griffin and DesonellaEuro(TM)s first boy, whom the bird + lays at his feet.] + + Now, in boke as we rede, + As seynt Antony aboute yede, 1940 + Byddyng his orysoun~, [2041] + Of the gripe he had a sight, f. 108a. + How she flew in a fflight, + To her birdus was she boun~. + Be-twene her clawes she bare a child: 1945 + He prayed to god and Mary myld, + On lyve to send it down~. + That man was weAEsAEs with god aAEsAEs-myEt~, + At his fote gan~ she light, + That foule of gret renown~. 1950 + +(169) + + [Sidenote: + St. Antony takes the boy to his Father, the King of Greece.] + + Vp he toke the child th{e}re, [2051] + To his auter he did it bere, + There his chapeAEsAEs stode. + A knave child there he ffond, + There was closud in his hond 1955 + A gold ryng riche and good. + He bare it to the Cite grett, + There the kyng his fader {s}ett + As a lord of jentiAEsAEs blood, + For he wold saue it ffro dede; 1960 + A grype flew a-bove his hede [2061] + And cryed, as he were wood. + + [Linenotes: + 1951. _thare_ MS. + 1954. _ffound_ MS. + 1958. _sett_] _lett_ MS.] + +(170) + + [Sidenote: + The King sees his son Antony,] + + This holy man~ hied hym~ tyte + To a Cite w{i}t{h} touris white, + As fast as he may. 1965 + The kyng at the yate stode + And other knyght{es} and lordys good + To se the squiers play. + The kyng said: aEuro~Be Mary myld, + Yonder comyth Antony, my child, 1970 + With a gryffon~ gay. [2071] + Som~ of his byrdus take hath he, + And bryngith hem~ heder to me!aEuro(TM) + Gret ferly had thaye. + +[Headnote: HE (ANTONY FITZ-GRIFFIN) IS ADOPTED BY THE KING OF GREECE.] + +(171) + + [Sidenote: + who asks him to adopt DesonellaEuro(TM)s boy as his heir.] + + The kyng there of toke good hede, f. 108b. 1975 + And a-geyn~ his sonne he yede + And said: aEuro~Welcom~ ye be!aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Fader,aEuro(TM) he said, aEuro~god you saue! + A knave child ffound I haue, + Loke, that it be dere to the! 1980 + Frome a greffon~ he was refte, [2081] + Of what lond that he is lefte, + Of gentiAEsAEs blood was he: + Thou hast none heyre, thy lond to take, + For I{es}u love thy sonne hym~ make, 1985 + As in the stede of me!aEuro(TM) + +(172) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Greece agrees, and has the Boy baptized. The Boy is + christend Antony Fitzgriffin.] + + The kyng said: aEuro~Yf I may lyve, + Helpe and hold I shaAEsAEs hym yeve + And receyve hym as my son~. + Sith thou hast this lond forsake, 1990 + My riche londys I shaAEsAEs hym~ take, [2091] + Whan he kepe them~ c{o}n~.aEuro(TM) + To a ffont they hym yaue, + And crystonyd this yong knave; + Fro care he is wonne. 1995 + The holy man yaue hym~ name, + That I{es}u shild hym~ ffrome shame: + Antony fice greffoun~. + + [Linenote: + 1992. _can_ MS.] + +[Headnote: DESONELL BEWAILS HER LOST CHILDREN.] + +(173) + + [Sidenote: + Desonell laments,] + + aEuro~Fader, than~ haue thou this ryng, + I ffound it on~ this swete thing, 2000 + Kepe it, yf thou may: [2101] + It is good in euery {f}ight, + Yf god yeve grace, that he be knyght, + Be nyght {and} be day.aEuro(TM) + Let we now this children~ dweAEsAEs, 2005 + And speke we more of DesoneAEsAEs: + Her song was welaway. f. 109a. + God, that died vppon~ the Rode, + Yff grace, that she mete w{i}t{h} good! + Thus dispar{p}lid are thay. 2010 + + [Linenotes: + 2002. _fight_] _sight_ MS.? + 2004. _Other be_ MS. + _and_] _or forme of_ (!)A MS. + 2010. _disparlid_ MS.] + +(174) + + [Sidenote: + wanders among wild beasts,] + + This lady walkyd aAEsAEs alone [2111] + Amonge wyld bestis meny one, + Ne wanted she no Woo; + Anon~ the day be-gan to spryng, + And the ffoules gan to syng, 2015 + With blis on euery bowEe . . . . . . . + +(175) + + [Sidenote: + and bewails her lost children. Desonell flees from some hunters] + + aEuro~Byrdus and bestis, aye woo ye be! + Alone ye haue lefte me, + My children~ ye {have} slo{ne}.aEuro(TM) + As she walkid than~ a-lone, 2020 + She sye lordis on~ huntyng gone, [2121] + Nere hem~ she yede fuAEsAEs sone. + This carfuAEsAEs lady cried faste, + Than she herd this hornes blaste + By the yatis gone, 2025 + But {ran} in to a wildernes, + Amongist beests that wyld w{e}s, + For drede, she shold be slone. + + [Linenotes: + 2018. _haue_] _a_ corrected out of _e_A MS. + 2019. _have sl._] _slough_ MS. + 2026. _ran_] om. MS. + 2027. _was_ MS.] + +[Headnote: DESONELL FLEES TO THE LAND OF NAZARETH.] + +(176) + + [Sidenote: + into the land of Nazareth.] + + TiAEsAEs it were vnder of the Day, + She went {fro} that wilsom~ way, 2030 + In to a lond playn~. [2131] + The kyng of NaEareth huntid there, + Among the hert{es}, that gentiAEsAEs were; + There of she was fuAEsAEs ffayn~ . . . . . . . . . + + [Linenote: + 2030. _fro_] _in_ MS.] + +(177) + + [Sidenote: + She sees the King,] + + They had ferly, kyng and knyght, 2035 + Whens she come, that lady bryght, + Dwelli{n}g here a-lone. + She said to a squier, that there stode: + aEuro~Who is lord of most jentiAEsAEs blood?aEuro(TM) + And he answerid her anon~: f. 109b. 2040 + aEuro~This ys the lond of NaEareth, [2141] + Se, where the kyng gethe, + Of speche he is ffuAEsAEs bone; + AAEsAEs in gold couerid is he.aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Gramercy, s{ir},aEuro(TM) said she, 2045 + And nere hym~ gan~ she gone. + +(178) + + [Sidenote: + whose Lords greet her. Desonell says that her boys are dead, and she + is left alone.] + + Lordys anon ageyn~ her yode, + For she was com~ of gentiAEsAEs blood, + In her lond had they bene: + aEuro~God loke the, lady ffree, 2050 + What makist thou in this contre?aEuro(TM) [2151] + aEuro~Sir,aEuro(TM) she said, aEuro~I wene, + Seynt Katryn~ I shold haue sought, + Wekyd weders me heder hath brought + In to this fforest grene, 2055 + And aAEsAEs is dede, I vnderstond, + Saue my selfe, that com~ to lond + With wyld beestis and kene.aEuro(TM) + +[Headnote: DESONELL IS WELCOMD BY THE QUEEN OF NAZARETH.] + +(179) + + [Sidenote: + She is taken to Nazareth, and welcomd by the Queen,] + + aEuro~Welcom,aEuro(TM) he said,aEuro(TM) DesoneAEsAEs, + By a tokyn~ I shaAEsAEs the teAEsAEs: 2060 + Onys a stede I the sent. [2161] + Lady gent, ffeyre and ffree, + To the shold I haue wedid be, + My love was on~ the lent.aEuro(TM) + Knyghtis and squiers, that there were, 2065 + They horsid the lady there, + And to the Cite they went. + The quene was curtes of that lond + And toke the lady be the hond + And said: aEuro~Welcom, my lady gent! 2070 + +(180) + + [Sidenote: + with whom she stays.] + + aEuro~Lady, thou art welcom~ here, [2171] + As it aAEsAEs thyn~ own~ were, f. 110a. + AAEsAEs this ffeyre contree!aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Of one poynt was my care, + And my two children~ crystonyd ware, 2075 + That in wood were reft ffro me.aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Welcom art thou, DesoneAEsAEs, + In my chamber for to dweAEsAEs, + Inough there in shaAEsAEs ye see!aEuro(TM) + Leve we now that lady gent, 2080 + And speke we of s{ir} Torrent, [2181] + That was gentiAEsAEs and ffre. + + [Linenote: + 2076. _in_] _the_ add. MS.] + + [[aEuro~Welcom art thou... _open quote invisible_]] + +[Headnote: TORRENT HEARS OF THE EXILE OF DESONELL AND HER BOYS.] + +(181) + + [Sidenote: + Sir Torrent wonaEuro(TM)t stop in Norway, but goes back to Portugal.] + + The kyng of Norway is fuAEsAEs woo, + That s{ir} Torent wold wend hym ffro, + That doughty was and bold: 2085 + aEuro~Sir,aEuro(TM) he said, aEuro~abyde here + And wed my dought{er}, that is me dere!aEuro(TM) + He said, in no wise he wold. + He shipped oute of the kyng{es} sale + And Ryved vp in~ Portingale 2090 + At another hold. [2191] + Whan~ he herd teAEsAEs of DesoneAEsAEs, + Swith on sownyng there he feAEsAEs + To the ground so cold. + +(182) + + [Sidenote: + The false King Calamond of Portugal tells him that Desonell and her + 2 Boys were sent out to sea.] + + The fals kyng of Portingale, 2095 + Sparid the yatis of his sale + For Torent the ffree; + He said: aEuro~Be Mary clere, + Thou shalt no wyfe haue here, + Go sech her in~ the see! 2100 + With her she toke whelpis two, [2201] + To lerne to row wold she go.aEuro(TM) + aEuro~By god, thou liest,aEuro(TM) quod he, + aEuro~Kyng Colomand, here my hond! + And I be knyght levand, f. 110b. 2105 + I-quytt shaAEsAEs it be!aEuro(TM) + +(183) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent gathers an army. TorrentaEuro(TM)s knights] + + Torent wold no lenger byde, + But sent letters on euery side + With fforce theder to hye. + Theder com oute of Aragon~ 2110 + Noble knyght{es} of gret renown~ [2211] + With grett chevalrye. + Of P{er}vyns and Ca{l}aber also + Were doughty knyght{es} meny moo, + They come aAEsAEs to that crye. 2115 + Kyng Calomond had no knyght, + That with s{ir} Torent wold fyght, + Of aAEsAEs that satt hym~ bye. + + [Linenote: + 2113. _Calaber_] _Cababer_ (!) MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT SENDS THE KING OF PORTUGAL TO DROWN.] + +(184) + + [Sidenote: + and he are let into the chief City of Portugal, and resolve to send + the false King to sea] + + There wold none the yatis deffend, + But lett s{ir} Torent in wend 2120 + With his men~ euerychone. [2221] + Swith a counseAEsAEs yede they to, + {To} what deth they wold hym do, + For he his lady had slone. + aEuro~Lordis,aEuro(TM) he said, aEuro~he is a kyng, 2125 + Men may hym~ nether hede ne h{i}ng.aEuro(TM) + Thus said they euerychone. + They ordenyd a shipp aAEsAEs of tree + And sett hym~ oute in~ to the see, + Among the wawes to gone. 2130 + + [Linenotes: + 2123. _To_] om. MS. + 2126. _hing_] _heng_ MS.] + +(185) + + [Sidenote: + in a boat full of holes.] + + Gret lordis of that lond [2231] + Assentid to that com{n}and, + That hold shold it be. + In the havyn~ of Portyngale, + There stode shippes of hede vale 2135 + Of Irun and of tree. f. 111a. + A bote of tre they brought hym be-fforn~, + FuAEsAEs of holis it was born~, + HowseAEsAEs and shryfte {wold} he. + Sir Torent said: aEuro~Be seynt Iohn~, 2140 + Seth thou gaue my lady none, [2241] + No more men~ shaAEsAEs do the!aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 2132. _comland_ MS. + 2138. _boryn_ MS. + 2139. _wold_] _had_ MS.] + + [[com{n}and _printed as shown: error for aEurooecom{m}andaEuro?_]] + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS MADE KING OF PORTUGAL.] + +(186) + + [Sidenote: + The false king Calamond is drownd, and Torrent is made King of + Portugal,] + + The shipp-men~ brought s{ir} Colomond + And sent hym fforth within~ a stound + As ffar as it were. 2145 + Wott ye weAEsAEs and vnderstond, + He come never ayen to lond, + Such stormes ffound he there. + Gret lordys of renown~ + Be-toke s{ir} Torent the crown~ 2150 + To reioyse it there. [2251] + Loo, lordys of euery lond: + Falshode wyAEsAEs haue a foule end, + And wyAEsAEs haue euermore. + +(187) + + [Sidenote: + but he gives the land up to the Queen, and resolves to go to the + Holy-Land.] + + Sir Torent dwellid thare 2155 + Fourty days in moche care, + Season~ for to hold; + Sith he takith two knyght{es}, + To kepe his lond and his right{es}, + That doughty were and bold. 2160 + aEuro~Madam~,aEuro(TM) he said to the quene, [2261] + aEuro~Here than shaAEsAEs ye lady bene, + To worth as ye wold.aEuro(TM) + He purveyd hym~ anon~, + To wend ouer the see fome, 2165 + There god was bought and sold. + + [Linenote: + 2161. _He said madam_ MS.] + +(188) + + [Sidenote: + His arms are 3 silver ships on an azure field. For love of Desonell, + Torrent leaves Portugal.] + + And ye now wiAEsAEs liston~ a stound, + How he toke armes of kyng Calomond, f. 111b. + Listonyth, what he bare. + O{n} asure, as ye may see, 2170 + With sylu{er} shippes thre, [2271] + Who so had be thare. + For DesoneAEsAEs is love so bryght, + His londis he takyth to a knyght, + And sith he is {boun} to fare. 2175 + aEuro~Portyngale, haue good day + For Sevyn~ yere, p{ar}maffay, + P{ar} aventure som~ dele m{a}re!aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 2170. This line begins with a big initial letter. + _Off_ MS. + 2175. _boun_] _home_ MS. + 2178. _more_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT TAKES THE CITY OF QUARELL.] + +(189) + + [Sidenote: + He besieges the City of Quarell for 2 years, and then takes it.] + + Sir Torent passid the Grekys flood + In to a lond both riche and good, 2180 + FuAEsAEs evyn~ he toke the way [2281] + To the {cite} of QuareAEsAEs, + As the boke of Rome doth teAEsAEs, + There a soudan~ lay. + There he smote and set adown~ 2185 + And yaue asaute in to the town, + That w{i}AEsAEs the storye say. + So weAEsAEs they vetelid were, + That he lay there two yere, + Sith in~ the town~ went they. 2190 + + [Linenotes: + 2182. _cite_] _see_ MS. + 2187. _well_ MS. + _says_ MS. + 2190. _And sith in to_ MS.] + +(190) + + [Sidenote: + He has its inhabitants kild, and shares its booty among his men.] + + And tho s{ir} Torent ffound on~ lyve, [2291] + He comaundid with spere and knyffe + Smertely dede to be; + He said: aEuro~We haue be here + Moche of this two yere 2195 + And onward on~ the thr{e}.aEuro(TM) + AAEsAEs the good, that s{ir} Torent wan~, + He p{ar}tid it among his m{a}n~, + Syluer, gold and ffee; + And sith he is boun to ride f. 112a. 2200 + To a Cite there be-syde, [2301] + That was worth such thre. + + [Linenotes: + 2196. _thrid_ MS. + 2198. _men_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT TAKES ANOTHER CITY, AND GOES TO ANTIOCH.] + +(191) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent then besieges another heathen City for 6 years. All its folk + die of hunger.] + + There he stode and smote adown~ + And leyd sege to the town~, + Six yere there he lay. 2205 + By the VI yere were aAEsAEs done, + With honger they were aAEsAEs slone, + That in the Cite lay. + {The} Soudan sent to s{ir} Torent than~, + With honger that thes people be slan, 2210 + AAEsAEs the folke of this Cite; [2311] + aEuro~Yf ye thinke here to lye, + Ye shaAEsAEs haue wyne and spycery, + I-nough is in this contre.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 2209. _The_] _A_ MS. + 2209-14 put before 2203-8 MS. + 2210. _slayn_ MS. + 2211. _thes_ MS.] + +(192) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent kills the Sultan,] + + Now god do his soule mede! 2215 + On the soudan~ he had a dede + Vppon~ euery good ffryday. + I{es}u sent hym strengith I-nough~, + With dynt of sword he hym slough~, + There went none quyk away. 2220 + Down knelid that knyght [2321] + And thankid god with aAEsAEs his myEt~: + So ought he weAEsAEs to say. + The Cite, that s{ir} Torent was yn~, + Worldely goodis he left ther yn~, 2225 + To kepe it nyght and day. + +(193) + + [Sidenote: + goes to Antioch, and fights every good Friday.] + + Sith he buskyd hym~ to ride + In to a lond there be-syde, f. 112b. + Antioche it hight. + Sevyn~ yere at the Cite he lay 2230 + And had bateAEsAEs euery good ffryday, [2331] + Vppon~ the SarEins bryght; + And be the VII yere were gone, + The child, that the liberd had tane, + Found hym his fiAEsAEs off ffyght . . . . . . 2235 + + [Linenote: + 2230-32 put before 2227-29 MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENTaEuro(TM)S SON LEOBERTUS FIGHTS AGAINST HIM.] + +(194) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Jerusalem sends 50,000 knights,] + + The kyng of Ierusalem~ herd teAEsAEs + Of this lord good and feAEsAEs, + How doughtyly he hym bare. + Vppon~ his knyght{es} can he caAEsAEs, + aEuro~Ordeyn~ swith among you aAEsAEs, 2240 + For no thing that ye spare!aEuro(TM) [2341] + They buskyd hem oute of the land, + The nombre off ffyfty thousa{n}d, + Ageyn Torent ffor to ffare . . . . + + [Linenote: + 2243. _thousaid_ MS.] + +(195) + + [Sidenote: + and his adopted son Leobertus (TorrentaEuro(TM)s second boy)] + + The kyng of Ierusalem said thus: 2245 + aEuro~My dere son, Liobertus, + That thou be bold and wight! + Thou shalt be here and defend the lond + From that fals trayto{r}s hond + And take the ordre of a knyght.aEuro(TM) 2250 + He yaue hym armes, or he did passe: [2351] + Right as he ffound was, + O{n} gold he bare bryght + A liberd of asure bla + A child be-twene his armes twa: 2255 + Woo was her, that {se} it {my}ght! + + [Linenotes: + 2246. _Liobertious_ MS. + 2253. _On_] _Of_ MS. + 2254. _blay_ (!) MS. + 2255. _tway_ MS. + 2256. _ffulle woo_ MS. + _se it m._] _it ought_ MS.] + +(196) + + [Sidenote: + against Torrent. TorrentaEuro(TM)s son Leobertus captures him.] + + Sir Torent wold no lenger abyde, + But thederward gan~ he ride; + And to the feld were brought + Two knyght{es}, that were there in stede; f. 113a. 2260 + Many a man did they to blede, [2361] + Such woundis they wrought. + There durst no man com~ Torent nere, + But his son, as ye may here, + Though he knew hym nought. 2265 + AAEsAEs to nought he bet his shild, + But he toke his fader in the feld, + Though he there of eviAEsAEs thought. + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS IMPRISOND IN JERUSALEM.] + +(197) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent is taken to Jerusalem] + + Whan~ s{ir} Torent was takyn~ than~, + His men fled than~, euery man~, 2270 + They durst no lenger abyde. [2371] + Gret ruth it was to be hold, + How his sword he did vp-hold + To his son~ that tyde. + To Ierusalem~ he did hym~ lede, 2275 + His actone and his other wede, + AAEsAEs be the kyngis side; + aEuro~Sir,aEuro(TM) he said, aEuro~haue no care, + Thou shalte lyve and welfare, + But lower ys thy pryde!aEuro(TM) 2280 + +(198) + + [Sidenote: + and thrust into prison, where his son Leobertus hears him lament a + whole year.] + + Fro that s{ir} Torent was h{o}m brought, [2381] + Doughty men~ vppon~ hym~ sought, + And in preson~ they hym~ thro{ng}e. + His son above his hede lay, + To kepe hym~ both nyEt and day, 2285 + He wist weAEsAEs, that he was strong. + Thus in p{re}son as he was, + Sore he siEed and said alas, + He couth none other songe. + Thus in bondys they held hym thare f. 113b. 2290 + A twelfmonyth and som dele mare, [2391] + The knyght thought ffuAEsAEs long. + + [Linenotes: + 2281. _hom_] _hem_ MS. + 2283. _And and_ (!) MS. + _throuEe_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENTaEuro(TM)S SON ASKS FOR HIS FATHERaEuro(TM)S FREEDOM.] + +(199) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent appeals to God who once enabled him to kill Dragons and + Giants.] + + In a mornyng as he lay, + To hym selfe gan~ he say: + aEuro~Why lye I thus alone? 2295 + God, hast thou forsakyn~ me? + AAEsAEs my truste was in the, + In lond where I haue gone! + Thou gave me myEt ffor to slee + Dragons two other thre 2300 + And giauntes meny one, [2401] + And now a man~ in wekid lond + Hath myn~ armo{ur} and stede in~ hond: + I wold, my liffe were done!aEuro(TM) + + [Linenote: + 2299. _flee_ MS.!] + +(200) + + [Sidenote: + His son Leobertus hears him, and promises to get him freed.] + + His son herd hym~ say soo 2305 + And in his hert was fuAEsAEs woo, + In chamber there he lay; + aEuro~Sir,aEuro(TM) he said, aEuro~I haue thy wede, + There shaAEsAEs no man reioyse thy stede, + Yf so be, that I may. 2310 + By oure lady seynt Mary, [2411] + Here shalt thou no lenger lye, + Nether be nyEt~ ne be day; + As I am~ Curtesse and hend, + To the kyng I shaAEsAEs wend, 2315 + And ffor thy love {hym} pray!aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 2313. _Nether be day ne be nyEt_ MS. + 2316. _ffor thy love and pray this nyEt_ MS.] + +(201) + + [Sidenote: + Leobertus asks the King of Jerusalem for Torrent. The King of + Jerusalem grants Torrent to his elder son,] + + On~ the morow whan~ he Rose, + The prynce to the kyng gose + And knelid vppon~ his knee; + aEuro~Sir,aEuro(TM) he said, aEuro~ffor godd{us} sonne, f. 114a. 2320 + The knyght, that lieth in the dungeon~, [2421] + Ye wold graunt hym~ me! + I hard hym say be hym~ alone, + Many Geaunt{es} had he slone + And dragons II or thre.aEuro(TM) 2325 + The kyng said: aEuro~Be my ffay, + Be warr~, he scape not away; + I vouch hym saue on the!aEuro(TM) + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS FREED, AND HONOURD IN JERUSALEM.] + +(202) + + [Sidenote: + who frees him from prison, thoaEuro(TM) still fettering him.] + + The prynce in to the p{re}son went, + Torent by the hond he hent 2330 + Oute of his bondys cold; [2431] + To the casteAEsAEs he brought hym sone + And light ffettouris did hym~ vppon~, + For brekyng oute off hold. + The kyng said: aEuro~Be my ffaye, 2335 + And he euer scape away, + FuAEsAEs dere he shaAEsAEs be sold!aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Sir,aEuro(TM) he said, aEuro~p{ar}maffay, + We wyAEsAEs hym~ kepe, and we may: + There of be ye bold!aEuro(TM) 2340 + + [Linenote: + 2331. _And toke hym oute_ MS.] + +(203) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent dines with the King, and promises to teach his son Leobertus + spearcraft.] + + For he was curtes knyght & free, [2441] + At the mete sett was he + By the kyng at the deyse. + aEuro~Sir, thou haste i-bene + At Iustis and at tornement{es} kene, 2345 + Both in warr~ and in peas: + Sith thy dwelling shaAEsAEs be here, + {I pray}, that thou woldist my son~ lere, + Hys Tymber ffor to asay.aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Sir,aEuro(TM) he said, aEuro~I vnderstond, 2350 + Affter the maner off my lond f. 114b. [2451] + I shaAEsAEs, with outen {delay}.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 2348. _I pray_] om. MS. + 2352. _delay_] _lese_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT JOUSTS WITH HIS ELDER SON, AND OTHERS.] + +(204) + + [Sidenote: + The jousts at Jerusalem. TorrentaEuro(TM)s son Leobertus breaks 3 shafts on + his Father.] + + The casteAEsAEs court was large w{i}t{h} in~, + They made ryngis ffor to Ren~, + None but they alone. 2355 + Euery of hem to oA3/4{ur}e R{a}de: + Feyrer Tur{na}ment{es} than they made, + Men sye never none. + The prynce in armes was fuAEsAEs preste, + Thre shaftys on~ his fader he breste, 2360 + In shevers they gan gone. [2461] + Sir Torent said: aEuro~So mvt I thee, + A man of armes shaAEsAEs thou be, + Stalworth of blood and bone!aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 2356. _Rode_ MS. + 2357. _Turmentes_ MS.] + +(205) + + [Sidenote: + The jousts last 6 weeks. A Feast is held.] + + Harroldys of armes cryed on~ hight, 2365 + The prynce and that other knyght + No more juste shaAEsAEs thay; + But lordys of other lond, + Euery one to other ffond, + And sith went theyre way. 2370 + Sixe wekys he dwellid there, [2471] + TiAEsAEs that aAEsAEs delyu{er}d were, + That in the Cite {lay}. + Tho they held a gestonye, + With aAEsAEs man{er} of mynstralsye, 2375 + TyAEsAEs the Sevynth day. + + [Linenote: + 2373. _lay_] _were_ MS.] + +(206) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent is declared victor. The King of Jerusalem promises to + support Torrent.] + + Lordis with aAEsAEs other thing + Toke leve at the kyng, + Home theyre ways to passe. + That tyme they yaue Torent the floure 2380 + And the gre with moch honowre, f. 115a. [2481] + As he weAEsAEs worthy was. + The kyng said: aEuro~I shaAEsAEs the yeve + Liffe and lyvelode, whiAEsAEs I lyve, + Thyn armo{ur}, as it was.aEuro(TM) 2385 + Whan he sye ffeyre ladyes wend, + He thought on her, that was so hend, + And sighed and said: aEuro~Alas!aEuro(TM) + +[Headnote: DESONELL IS TOLD OF TORRENTaEuro(TM)S VICTORY.] + +(207) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Nazareth] + + The kyng of NaEareth home went, + There that his lady lent, 2390 + In his own~ lede. [2491] + aEuro~Sir,aEuro(TM) she said, aEuro~ffor godd{us} pite, + What gentilman~ wan~ the gre?aEuro(TM) + He said, aEuro~So god me spede, + One of the ffeyrest knyghtis, 2395 + That slepith on~ som{er} nyght{es} + Or walkyd in wede; + He is so large of lym~ and lith, + AAEsAEs the world he hath justid with, + That come to that dede.aEuro(TM) 2400 + +(208) + + [Sidenote: + tells Desonell that the Victor (Torrent) has an armd Giant as his + crest.] + + aEuro~Good lord,aEuro(TM) said DesoneAEsAEs, [2501] + aEuro~For godd{us} love ye me teAEsAEs, + What armes that {h}e bare!aEuro(TM) + aEuro~DamyseAEsAEs, also muste I the, + Syluer and asure beryth he, 2405 + That wott I weAEsAEs thare. + His Creste is a noble lond, + A Gyaunt with an~ hoke in~ hond, + This wott I weAEsAEs, he bare. + He is so stiff at euery stoure, 2410 + He is prynce and victoure, [2511] + He wynneth the gree aye where. f. 115b. + + [Linenote: + 2403. _he_] _ye_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT AND HIS 2 SONS GO TO A JOUSTING.] + +(209) + + [Sidenote: + The Victor is a Knight of Portugal. The King of Nazareth proclaims a + Jousting.] + + Of Portyngale a knyght he ys, + He wanne the town~ of Raynes + And the Cite of Quarell{e}; 2415 + At the last jurney that was sett, + The prynce, my broders son~ {he mett}, + And in his hond he ffeAEsAEs. + The prynce of Grece leth nere + There may no juster be his pere, 2420 + For soth as I you teAEsAEs: [2521] + A dede of armes I shaAEsAEs do crye + And send after hym~ in hye.aEuro(TM) + Blith was DesoneAEsAEs. + + [Linenotes: + 2415. _Quarellis_ MS. + 2416. _that_] _he_ add. MS. + 2417. _he m._] _was gatt_ MS.] + +(210) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Jerusalem sends Torrent and his elder son Leobertus + toA it. The King of Greece brings the younger son, Antony + Fitzgriffin.] + + This dede was cried ffar and nere, 2425 + The kyng of Ierusalem did it here, + In what lond that it shold be. + He said: aEuro~Sone, anon right + Dight the and thy cryston~ knyght, + For sothe, theder wiAEsAEs we.aEuro(TM) 2430 + Gret lordys, that herith this crye, [2531] + Theder come richely, + Everyman~ in his degre. + The kyng of Grece did {make hym boun}, + With hym~ come Antony ffyE greffon~, 2435 + With moche solempnite . . . . . . . + + [Linenote: + 2434. _make hym b._] _assigne_ MS.] + +(211) + + [Sidenote: + The Jousting is for a lady.] + + aEuro~The kyng of NaEareth sent me, + That there shold a justynge be + Of meny a cryston~ knyght, + And aAEsAEs is ffor a lady clere, 2440 + That the justyng is cryed ffar and nere, f. 116a. [2541] + Of men~ of armes bryght.aEuro(TM) + Gret joye it was to here teAEsAEs, + How thes kyng{es} w{i}t{h} the knyghtis feAEsAEs + Come and semled to that ffyght. 2445 + + [Linenote: + 2445. _semlend_ MS.] + +[Headnote: THE JOUSTS AT NAZARETH BEGIN.] + +(212) + + [Sidenote: + Many folk come to the jousts. They sup and sleep,] + + There come meny another m{o}n~, + That thought there to haue to done, + And than~ to wend her way. + Whan~ they come to the casteAEsAEs gent, + A RoaAEsAEs ffyght, verament, 2450 + There was, the sothe to say. [2551] + Trompes resyn~ on the waAEsAEs, + Lordys assembled in the haAEsAEs, + And sith to souper yede thay. + They were recevid w{i}t{h} rialte, 2455 + Euery man~ in his degre, + And to her logyng went her way. + + [Linenote: + 2446. _man_ MS.] + +(213) + + [Sidenote: + rise, hear Mass, and dine, then mount,] + + The lordys Rosyn aAEsAEs be-dene + On the morow, as I wene, + And went masse ffor to here. 2460 + And ffurthermore w{i}t{h}-oute lent [2561] + They wesh and to mete went, + For to the ffeld they wold there. + After mete anon~ right + They axid hors and armes bryght, 2465 + To hors-bak went thay in ffere. + Knyghtis and lordys reuelid aAEsAEs, + And ladyes lay ou{er} the casteAEsAEs waAEsAEs, + That semely to se were. + +(214) + + [Sidenote: + and begin to joust. TorrentaEuro(TM)s 2 sons joust. The younger, Antony, + unhorses his brother Leobertus.] + + Than~ eueryman toke spere in~ hond, 2470 + And euerych to other ffond, [2571] + Smert boffett{es} there they yeld. f. 116b. + The prynce of Ierusalem~ and his brother, + Eueriche of hem~ Ran to other~ + Smertely in the feld . . . . . . . . 2475 + Though~ Antony ffygryffon~ yonger were, + His brother Leobert{us} he can down~ bere; + Sir Torent stode and be-held. + + [Linenotes: + 2471. _ffound_ MS. + 2472. _there th. y._] _they yeldyd there_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT AND HIS SONS JOUST. HE IS VICTOR.] + +(215) + + aEuro~Be my trouth,aEuro(TM) said Torent thanne, + aEuro~As I am~ a cryston~ man 2480 + I-quytt shaAEsAEs it be.aEuro(TM) [2581] + Torent be-strode a stede strong + And hent a tymber gret and long, + And to hym~ rode he. + + [Linenote: + 2483 put before 2482 MS.] + +(216) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent rides down his younger son. He and his sons are the best + jousters.] + + Torrent to hym rode so sore, 2485 + That he to the ground hym~ bare, + And let hym~ lye in~ the {bent}. + There was no man~ hyEe ne lowe, + That myght make Torent to bowe + Ne his bak to bend. 2490 + They justyd and turneyd there, [2591] + And eueryman~ ffound his pere, + There was caught no dethis d{e}nt. + Of aAEsAEs the Justis, that there ware, + Torent the floure a way bare 2495 + And his sonnys, {verament}. + + [Linenotes: + 2485 f.: + _Torrent so sore to hym rode, + That he bare hym to the ground_A MS. + 2487. _bent_] _ffeld_ MS. + 2493. _dynt_ MS. + 2496. _ver._] _in that tyde_ MS.] + +(217) + + [Sidenote: + Desonell greets Torrent, and swoons.] + + And on~ the morow, whan~ it was day, + Amonge aAEsAEs the lordys gay, + That worthy were, {par de}, + DesoneAEsAEs wold no lenger lend, 2500 + But to s{ir} Torent gan~ she wend [2601] + And knelid on her kne. + She said: aEuro~Welcom~, my lord s{ir} Torent!aEuro(TM) + aEuro~And so be ye, my lady gent!aEuro(TM) f. 117a. + In sownyng than feAEsAEs she. 2505 + Vp they cou{er}yd that lady hend, + And to mete did they wend + With joye and solempnite. + + [Linenotes: + 2499. _par de_] _in wede_ MS. + 2502. _And on her kne she knelid_ MS.] + +[Headnote: DESONELL GREETS TORRENT. HER BEAUTY.] + +(218) + + [Sidenote: + All go to Dinner.] + + Dame DesoneAEsAEs be-sought the kyng. + That she myght, with oute lesyng, 2510 + Sytt with Torent alone. [2611] + aEuro~Yes, lady, be hevyn~ kyng, + There shaAEsAEs be no lettyng; + Worthy is he, be seynt Iohn~!aEuro(TM) + Tho they washid and went to mete, 2515 + And rially they were sett + And s{er}uid worthely, {echone}. + Euery lord in~ the haAEsAEs, + As his state wold be-ffaAEsAEs, + Were couplid with ladyes {schone}. 2520 + + [Linenotes: + 2514. _ffor welle worthy_ MS. + 2517. _echone_] _verament_ MS. + 2520. _schone_] _gent_ MS.] + +(219) + + [Sidenote: + Desonell is the fairest lady. The Kings of Jerusalem and Greece go + to the] + + But of aAEsAEs ladyes, that were there sene, [2621] + So ffeire myght there none bene + As was dame DesoneAEsAEs. . . . . . . . + Thes two kyngis, that doughty ys, + To the Cite come, i-wys, 2525 + With moche meyne {emell}. + + [Linenote: + 2526. _emell_] om. MS.] + +(220) + + [Sidenote: + King of NazarethaEuro(TM)s Castle. Desonell sits by Torrent.] + + To the casteAEsAEs they toke the way, + There the kyng of NaEareth lay, + With hym~ to speke on high~. + At none the quene ete in~ the haAEsAEs, 2530 + Amongist the ladyes ou{er} aAEsAEs, [2631] + That couth moche curtesye. + DesoneAEsAEs wold not lett, + By s{ir} Torent she her sett, + There of they had {envye} . . . . . . 2535 + + [Linenote: + 2535. _envye_] _wonder_ MS.] + +[Headnote: DESONELL FINDS HER TWO SONS BY TORRENT.] + +(221) + + [Sidenote: + She tells the Lords how her Father sent her and her 2 Boys to sea;] + + Whan~ eyther of hem other be-held, + Off care no thyng they ffeld, f. 117b. + Bothe her hert{es} were blithe. + Gret lordys told she sone, + What poyntes he had for her done, 2540 + They be-gan to be blithe; [2641] + And how her {fader} in the see did her do, + With her she had men~ childre two; + They waried hym~ feAEsAEs sithe. + aEuro~Sir kyng, in this wildernes, 2545 + My two children~ fro me revid w{e}s, + I may no lenger hem~ hide. + + [Linenotes: + 2542. _fader_] om. MS. + 2546. _was_ MS.] + +(222) + + [Sidenote: + and how one was carried off by a Griffin, and the other by a + Leopard. Leobertus and Antony are these boys.] + + aEuro~The knyght yaue me ryng{es} two, + Euerich of hem~ had one of thoo, + Better saw I never none. 2550 + A Gryffon~ bare the one away, [2651] + A liberd the other, p{ar}maffay, + Down~ by a Roche of stone.aEuro(TM) + Than~ said the kyng of Ierusalem~: + aEuro~I ffound one by a water streme, 2555 + He levith w{i}t{h} blood & bone.aEuro(TM) + The kyng of Grece said: aEuro~My brother, + Antony my son~ brought me anoA3/4{ur}e.aEuro(TM) + She saith: aEuro~Soth, be seynt Iohn~?aEuro(TM) + + [Linenote: + 2556. _levith_] _yet_ add. MS.] + + [[aEuro~The knyght yaue me... _open quote invisible_]] + +[Headnote: TORRENT INVITES 3 KINGS TO PORTUGAL.] + +(223) + + [Sidenote: + TorrentaEuro(TM)s 2 Sons kneel and ask his blessing. He rejoices in them and + their Mother,] + + The kyng said: aEuro~Sith it is so, 2560 + Kys ye youre fader bo, [2661] + And axe hym~ his blessyng!aEuro(TM) + Down~ they knelid on~ her knee: + aEuro~Thy blessing, ffader, for charite!aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Welcom~, children~ y{i}ng!aEuro(TM) 2565 + Thus in armes he hem~ hent, + A blither man~ than~ s{ir} Torent + Was there none levyng; f. 118a. + It was no wonder, thouEe it so were; + He had his wiffe and his children~ there, 2570 + His joye be-gan~ to spryng. [2671] + + [Linenotes: + 2561. _bothe_ MS. + 2565. _yong_ MS.] + +(224) + + [Sidenote: + and thanks the Kings for taking care of them. He asks the Kings to + Portugal.] + + Of aAEsAEs the justis, that were thare, + A way the gre his sonnys bare, + That doughty were in dede. + Torent knelid vppon~ his knee 2575 + And said: aEuro~God yeld you, lordys ffree, + Thes children~ that ye haue ffed: + Euer we wiAEsAEs be at youre wiAEsAEs, + What jurney ye wiAEsAEs put vs tyAEsAEs, + So I{es}u be oure spede, 2580 + With that the kyng thre [2681] + In to my lond wiAEsAEs wend w{i}t{h} me, + For to wreke oure stede.aEuro(TM) + +(225) + + [Sidenote: + All agree to go. Their ships arrive at Portugal.] + + They graunted that there was, + Gret lordys more and lesse, 2585 + Bothe knyght and squiere; + And with DesoneAEsAEs went + Al the ladyes, that were gent, + That of valew were. + Shippis had they stiff and strong, 2590 + Maistis gret and sayles long, [2691] + Hend, as ye may here, + And markyd in to Portingale, + Whan~ they had pullid vp her sayAEsAEs, + With a wynd so clere. 2595 + +[Headnote: TORRENT, DESONELL, AND THEIR SONS, GO TO PORTUGAL.] + +(226) + + [Sidenote: + The Queen] + + The riche quene of that lond + In her casteAEsAEs toure gan stond + And be-held in~-to the see. + aEuro~Sone,aEuro(TM) she said to a knyght, + aEuro~Yonder of shippis I haue a sight, f. 118b. 2600 + For sothe, a grett meyne.aEuro(TM) [2701] + The quene said: aEuro~Verament, + I se the armes of s{ir} Torent, + I wott weAEsAEs, it is he.aEuro(TM) + He answerid and said tho: 2605 + aEuro~Madam, I wiAEsAEs, that it be so, + God gefe grace, that it so be!aEuro(TM) + + [Linenote: + 2605-7 put before 2602-4 MS.] + +(227) + + [Sidenote: + welcomes Torrent and his friends, and swoons when she sees her + daughter Desonell.] + + A blither lady myEt none be, + She went ageyn hym~ to the see + With armed knyght{es} kene. 2610 + Torent she toke by the hond: [2711] + aEuro~Lordys of vncouth lond, + Welcom muste ye bene!aEuro(TM) + Whan she sye DesoneAEsAEs, + Swith in~ sownyng she feAEsAEs 2615 + To the ground so {gr}ene. + Torent gan~ her vp ta: + aEuro~Here bene her children~ twa, + On lyve thou shalt hem see{ne}!aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 2616. _grene_] _kene_ MS. + 2619. _see_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT WEDS DESONELL. HIS SONS MADE HEIRS OF KINGS.] + +(228) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent holds a great feast, and weds Desonell.] + + In the CasteAEsAEs of Portyngale 2620 + A-Rose trumpes {of} hede vale, [2721] + To mete they went on~ hye. + He sent letters ffar and nere; + The lordys, that of valew were, + They come to that gestonye. 2625 + The Emp{er}oure of Rome, + To that gestonye he come, + A noble knyght on~ hyEe. + Whan~ aAEsAEs thes lordys com w{e}re, + Torrent weddid that lady clere, 2630 + A justyng did he crye. [2731] + + [Linenotes: + 2621. _of_] om. MS. + 2629. _ware_ MS.] + +(229) + + So it ffeAEsAEs vppon a day, f. 119a. + The kyng of Ierusalem~ gan say: + aEuro~Sir, thy sonne I ffound + Lying in a libert{es} mouth, 2635 + And no good he ne couth, + Dede he was nere hond: + Wold thou, that he dwellid w{i}t{h} me, + TiAEsAEs that I dede be, + And sith reioyse my lond?aEuro(TM) . . . . . . 2640 + +(230) + + [Sidenote: + He gives his son Leobertus as heir to the King of Jerusalem; and his + son Antony as heir to the King of Greece. Torrent is elected + Emperor.] + + Be fore lordys of gret renown~, [2741] + Torent gaue hym~ his son~ . . . . . . . . + The kyng of Grece said: aEuro~S{ir} knyght, + I yeff thy son aAEsAEs my right + To the Grekys flood: 2645 + Wouch thou saue, he dweAEsAEs w{i}t{h} me?aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Yea, Lord, so mut I thee, + God yeld you aAEsAEs this good!aEuro(TM) + For s{ir} Torent was stiff in stoure, + They chose hym ffor Emp{er}oure, 2650 + Beste of bone and blood. [2751] + + [Linenote: + 2645. _flood_] _I plight_ add. MS.] + + [[_stanza printed with indentation as shown_]] + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS MADE EMPEROR. HE DIES.] + +(231) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent gives his 2 Sons a Sword each. He lies in a fair Abbey.] + + Gret lordys, that there were, + Fourty days dwellith there, + And sith they yode her way; + He yaue his sonnys, as ye may here, 2655 + Two swerdys, that were hym~ dere, + Ech of hem~ one had they. + Sith he did make vp-tyed + Chirchus and abbeys wyde, + For hym~ and his to praye. 2660 + In Rome this Romans berith the crown~ [2761] + Of aAEsAEs kerpyng of Renown~: + He leyth in a feire abbey. + + [Linenotes: + 2654. _And sith her way they yode_ MS. + 2663. _leyth_] _in Rome_ add. MS.] + +(232) + + [Sidenote: + May Christ grant us Heaven!] + + Now I{es}u Cryst, that aAEsAEs hath wrought, + As he on the Rode vs bought, f. 119b. 2665 + He geve hvs his blessing, + And as he died for you and me, + He graunt vs in blis to be, + {Lesse and mare, both old and ying!} Amen. + + [Linenote: + 2669. _Oute of this world whan~ we shalle wend_A MS.] + + +Explicit Torent of Portyngale. + + + + +THE FRAGMENTS. + + +I.[F1] + + [Footnote F1: In HalliwellaEuro(TM)s edition III.] + +[_The King of Portugal plots TorrentaEuro(TM)s death._] + + [Sidenote: + Desonell gives Torrent a Horse which the King of Nazareth had sent + her.] + + [T] . . . est hym vp . . . . 462 + . . . . . chent be for to fle + . . . . . ly ivyll he gone 464 + The kynge of Nazareth sent hym me, + Torent, I wot-saue hym on the, + For better loue I none!aEuro(TM) 467 + + [Sidenote: + The King treacherously asks Torrent to get Desonell a Falcon] + + Afterwarde vpon a tyde, + As they walkyd by the ryvers syde, + The kynge and yonge Torent, 470 + This lorde wolde fayne, that he dede were + And he wyst nat, on what manere, + Howe he myght hym shent. 473 + A fals letter made the kynge + And made a messangere it brynge, + On the ryuer syde as they went, 476 + To Torent, that was true as stele, + If he loued Dyssonell wele, + Gete hir a faucon gent. 479 + + Torent the letter began to rede, + The kynge came nere and lystened, + As thoughe he it neuer had sene. 482 + The kynge sayde, aEuro~what may this be?aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Lorde, it is sent to me + For a faucon shene; 485 + + [Sidenote: + from the Forest of Magdalen.] + + I ne wote, so God me spede, + In what londe that they brede.aEuro(TM) + The kynge sayde, aEuro~as I herde sayne, 488 + . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . + In the forest of Maudelayne 491 + + +[Headnote: FRAG. 2. TORRENT GOES TO THE FOREST OF MAUDELAYNE.] + +II.[F2] + + [Footnote F2: In HalliwellaEuro(TM)s edition II.] + + [Sidenote: + Torrent agrees to do it.] + + Than sayde [the] kyn[g] vntrue, 492 + aEuro~And ye fynde haw[k]es of great value, + Brynge me one with the!aEuro(TM) 494 + Torent sayd: aEuro~so God me saue, + Yf it betyde, that I any haue, + At your wyll shall they be.aEuro(TM) 497 + + [Sidenote: + He rides] + + To his squyer bade he thare, + After his armoure to fare, + In the felde abode he; 500 + They armed hym in his wede, + He bestrode a noble stede + . . . . . . . . . . 503 + + [Sidenote: + to the Forest of Magdalen, gets separated from his Squire,] + + Torent toke the way agayne + Unto the forest of Maudelayne, + In a wylsome way; 506 + Berys and apes there founde he + And wylde bestys great plente + And lyons, where they lay. 509 + In a wode, that is tyght, + It drewe towarde the nyght. + By dymmynge of the day 512 + Lysten, lordes, of them came wo, + He and his squyer departed in two, + Carefull men then were they. 515 + + At a shedynge of a rome + Eyther departed other frome, + As I vnderstande. 518 + Torent taketh a dolefull way + Downe into a depe valay, + . . . . . . . . . . 521 + + +[Headnote: FRAG. 3. TORRENT IS TO FIGHT THE CALABRIAN GIANT, SLOGUS.] + +III.[F3] + + [Footnote F3: In HalliwellaEuro(TM)s edition VI.] + +[_The King of Portugal sends Torrent to be kild by the Giant Slogus._] + + [Sidenote: + Torrent sits at the head of a side table. The King asks Torrent if + heaEuro(TM)ll] + + . . . . . . . . . . . . 819 + And the good squyres after h[ym], + That knyghtes sholde be. 821 + As they were a-myddes theyr . . . + The kynge wolde not forgete, + To Torente than sayd he, 824 + + [Sidenote: + do a deed of arms for Desonell.] + + He sayd: aEuro~so god me saue, + Fayne thou woldest my dough[ter haue], + Thou hast loued her many a d[aye].aEuro(TM) 827 + aEuro~Ye, by my trouthe,aEuro(TM) sayd Torente, + aEuro~And I were a ryche man, + Ryght gladly by my faye.aEuro(TM) 830 + aEuro~If thou durst for her sake + A poynte of armes vndertake, + Thou broke her vp for ay.aEuro(TM) 833 + + [Sidenote: + aEuro~Yes,aEuro(TM) says Torrent.] + + aEuro~Ye,aEuro(TM) sayde he, aEuro~or I go, + Sykernes thou make me so + Of thy doughter hende. 836 + Ye and after all my ryghtes + By VII score of hardy knyghtesaEuro(TM) + Al they were Torentes frende. 839 + aEuro~Now, good lordes, I you praye, + Bere wytnes of this day + Agayne yf god me sende!aEuro(TM) 842 + + [Sidenote: + aEuro~Then go to Calabria, and fight the Giant Slogus.aEuro(TM)] + + Torente sayd, aEuro~so may I the, + Wyst I, where my jorney shold [be], + Thyder I wolde me dyghte.aEuro(TM) 845 + The kyng gaue hym an answ[e]re, + aEuro~In the londe of Caleb[e]re + There wonneth a gyaunte wygh[hte] 848 + . . . . . . . . . . . . + Slogus he hyght as I the tolde, + God sende the that waye ryghte!aEuro(TM) 851 + + [[_all lines indented as shown_]] + + +[Headnote: FRAG. 4. TORRENT WILL NOT GIVE UP HIS GIANT-FIGHT.] + +IV.[F4] + + [Footnote F4: In HalliwellaEuro(TM)s edition V.] + +[_Torrent is offerd a Princess of Provyns._] + + [Sidenote: + The king of Provyns warns him against the terrible Giant there,] + + . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . + For why I wyll the saye, 917 + Moche folke of that countre + Cometh heder for socoure to me, + Bothe by nyghte and by daye. 920 + There is a gyaunte of grete renowne, + He destroyeth bothe cyte and towne + And all that he may. 923 + As bokes of rome tell, + He was goten with the deuyll of hell, + As his moder slepynge lay.aEuro(TM) 926 + + [Sidenote: + and offers him his Daughter and 2 Duchies. Torrent says he must keep + his troth.] + + The kynge sayde, aEuro~by Saynt Adryan, + I rede, a nother gentylman + Be there and haue the degre. 929 + I haue a doughter, that me is dere, + Thou shalte wedde her to thy fere, + And yf it thy wyll be, 932 + Two duchyes in honde + I wyll gyue her in londe.aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Gramercy, syr,aEuro(TM) sayd he, 935 + aEuro~With my tonge I haue so wrought, + To breke my day wyll I nought, + Nedes me behoueth there to be.aEuro(TM) 938 + + [Sidenote: + Torrent starts,] + + aEuro~On Goddes name,aEuro(TM) the kynge gan sayne, + aEuro~Ie{s}u brynge the saffe agayne, + Lorde, moche of myght!aEuro(TM) 941 + Mynstralsy was them amonge, + With harpe, fedyll and songe, + Delycyous notes on hygh[t]e. 944 + Whan it was tyme, to bed they wente, + And on the morowe rose Torente + And toke leue of kynge and knyght 947 + And toke a redy way. + + +[Headnote: FRAG. 5. TORRENT HEARS OF THE CALABRIAN GIANT, SLOGUS.] + +Fragment V.[F5] + + [Footnote F5: In HalliwellaEuro(TM)s edition IV.] + + By the se syde as it lay, + God sende hym gatys ryght! 950 + + [Sidenote: + reaches Calabria, and hears of the Giant.] + + An hye waye hath he nome, + Into Calabre is he come + Within two dayes or thre. 953 + So he met folke hym agayne, + Fast comynge with carte and wayne + Frowarde the se. 956 + aEuro~Dere God,aEuro(TM) sayd Torente now, + aEuro~Good folke, what eyleth you, + That ye thus fast fle?aEuro(TM) 959 + aEuro~There lyeth a gyaunte here besyde, + For all this londe brode and wyde + No man on lyue leueth he.aEuro(TM) 962 + + aEuro~Dere God,aEuro(TM) sayd Torente then, + aEuro~Wher euer be that fendes den?aEuro(TM) + They answered hym anone: 965 + aEuro~In a castell in the see, + SlogusaEuro(TM) they sayd aEuro~hyght he, + Many a man he hath slone. 968 + + [Sidenote: + The Giant Slogus is in Hungary.] + + We wote full well, where he doth ly + Byfore the cyte of Hungry,aEuro(TM) + . . . . . . . . . . 971 + + +[Headnote: FRAG. 6. TORRENT FIGHTS A GIANT. DESONELL HAS TWINS.] + +VI.[F6] + + [Footnote F6: Printed in _Englische Studien_, VII. p. 347A f.] + +[_Torrent fights the Giant._] + + [Sidenote: + The giant says heaEuro(TM)ll wring TorrentaEuro(TM)s nose. His Crook is 13 ft. long. + Torrent charges, pierces the GiantaEuro(TM)s eye, and makes him roar.] + + . . . . . . all the wrynge, 1014 + . . . . . . . . lynge + . . . . . . . . . thou the 1016 + . . . . . . . . he toke, + . . . . . . . . bare a croke + . . . . . . . . te longe and thre 1019 + . . . . . . ever so longe were + . . . . . . . . had no fere + . . . . yd darste thou come nere 1022 + . . . . . nte nolengre a-byde + . . . . . nte wolde he ryde + . . . . ghte. 1025 + . . . . one eye but one, + . . . . . . neuer none, + . . . nor by nyght. 1028 + . . . . lpe of god of heuen, + . . . . . herin euen, + . . . . . . . . . . . . 1031 + . . . . gan to rore, + . . . . the cyte wore, + . . . ay. 1034 + . . . . es eyen were oute + . . . . . . . . boute + . . . . . . . . . . . 1037 + + [[_all line-initial dots are printed as shown; for the most + accurate reproduction, use a fixed-pitch font_]] + + +[Headnote: FRAG. 7. DESONELL AND HER TWINS ARE SENT TO SEA.] + +VII.[F7] + + [Footnote F7: In HalliwellaEuro(TM)s edition I.] + +[_Desonell bears twins. All are sent out to sea. They reach land._] + + [Sidenote: + Desonell is delivered of 2 male children like Torrent. Her Father + says she shall be sent out to sea.] + + Thus the lady dwelled there, 1807 + Tyll that she delyuered were + Of men chyldren two. 1809 + Of all poyntes were they gent, + Lyke were they to Sir Torent, + For his loue suffred they wo. 1812 + The kynge sayd, aEuro~so mote I the, + Thou shalt into the se + Without wordes mo. 1815 + Every kynges doughter fer and nere + At the they shall lere, + Agaynst right to do!aEuro(TM) 1818 + + [Sidenote: + She is led from his land. The Queen bewails her daughteraEuro(TM)s fate.] + + Great ruthe it was to se, + Whan they led that lady fre + Out of hir faders lande. 1821 + The quene, hir moder, was nere wode + For hir doughter, that gentyll fode, + Knyghtes stode wepynge.[F8] 1824 + + [Footnote F8: wepande.] + + [Sidenote: + Desonell is sent to sea.] + + A clothe of sylke toke they tho, + And departed it bytwene the chyldren two, + Therin they were wonde. 1827 + Whan they had shypped that gentyll thynge, + Anone she fell in swownynge + At Peron on the sonde. 1830 + Whan that lady was downe fall, + On Iesu Cryste dyd she call. + To defende hir with his honde: 1833 + + [Sidenote: + She prays to Christ for her children.] + + aEuro~Rightfull God, ye me sende + Some good londe on to lende, + That my chyldren may crystened be[n].aEuro(TM) 1836 + She sayd, aEuro~ladyes fayre and gent, + Great well my lorde Sir Torent, + Yf euer ye hym se[n]!aEuro(TM) 1839 + The wynde arose on the myght, + Fro the londe it blewe that lady bryght + Into the se so grene. 1842 + +[Headnote: FRAG. 7. DESONELL AND HER TWINS REACH LAND.] + + [Sidenote: + Desonell and her twin babes reach land. She stills her crying + child,] + + Wyndes and weders hathe hir dryuen, + That in a forest she is aryuen, + Where wylde bestys were. 1845 + The se was ebbe and went hem fro + And left hir and hir chyldren two + [Alo]ne without any fere. 1848 + Hir one chylde began to wepe, + The lady awoke out of hir slepe + And sayde, aEuro~be styll, my dere, 1851 + Ihesu Cryste hathe sent vs lande, + Yf there be any Crysten man at hande, + We shall haue socoure here.aEuro(TM) 1854 + + [Sidenote: + goes up a mountain, and sits down.] + + The carefull lady then was blythe, + To the londe she went full swythe, + As fast as she myght. 1857 + Tyll the day began to sprynge, + Foules on trees merely gan synge + Delicyous notes on hyght. 1860 + To a hyll went that lady fre, + Where she was ware of a cyte + With toures fayre and bryght. 1863 + Therof I-wys she was fayne, + She set hir downe, as I herd sayne, + Hir chyldren for to dyght. 1866 + + + + +NOTES. + + +PAGE 1, line 12. Cf. ll. 118, 187, 190, 198, 558, 924, 1924, 2183. So in +_Eglamour_ (Thornton Romances), l. 408: + + aEuro~The boke of Rome thus can telle,aEuro(TM) + +and _The Erl of Tolouse_, ed. LA1/4dtke, l. 1219: + + aEuro~Yn Rome thys geste cronyculyd ys.aEuro(TM) + +See HalliwellaEuro(TM)s and LA1/4dtkeaEuro(TM)s notes to these passages. I agree with both +of them, that an expression like that does not earnestly refer the +reader to a Latin or Italian source of the story; there is evidently no +difference at all between _in Rome_ and _in romance_. + +p. 1, l. 15. _wyght_ has been inserted instead of _dowghtty_ in order to +restore the rhyme with _hyght_, _knyght_, _myght_; cf. _Havelok_, ed. +Skeat, l. 344: + + aEuro~He was fayr man and wicth.aEuro(TM) + +p. 1, l. 17 = _Ipomadon_, l. 63. Parallel passages to this hyperbolic +expression are collected in KAlbingaEuro(TM)s note to this line (p.A 364). + +p. 1, l. 24. We find the same idea as here, viz. that nobody can resist +the will of God, who has power over death and life, in _Sir Tristrem_, +ll. 236A ff.: + + aEuro~Azat leuedi, nouEt to lain, + For soA3/4e ded is sche! + Who may be ogain? + As god wil, it schal be, + VnbliA3/4e.aEuro(TM) + +p. 2, l. 28. I have not met with the verb _fesomnen_ anywhere else, and +it is not mentioned in Stratmann and MAtzner. Halliwell, Dictionary, +p.A 354, explains it by aEuro~feoffed, gave in fee,aEuro(TM) doubtless regarding this +very passage, although he doesnaEuro(TM)t cite it; might _fesomnyd_ not be a +corruption from _sesyd_? cf. _Havelok_, ll. 250A f.: + + aEuro~Azat he ne dede al Engelond + Sone sayse intil his hond.aEuro(TM) + +Hall writes to me on this word as follows: _fesomnyd_ is, IA am +convinced, not a word at all, but a scribeaEuro(TM)s error for _festonyd_ or +_festnyd_ = confirmed, fixed. Comp. aEuro(TM)_And A3/4at ich hym wolde myd trewA3/4e +siker faste on honde_,aEuro(TM) Robert of Gloucester (Hearne), p.A 150. For this +use of _fasten, fastnen_, comp. aEuro(TM)_But my forwarde with A3/4e I festen on +A3/4is wyse_,aEuro(TM) Alliterative Poems, p.A 47, l. 327: aEuro(TM)_& folden fayth to A3/4at +fre, festned so harde_,aEuro(TM) Sir Gawayne, p.A 57, l. 1783: aEuro(TM)_And A3/4is forward, +in faith, IA festyn with hond_,aEuro(TM) Destruction of Troy, p.A 22, l. 636. See +also JamiesonaEuro(TM)s Scottish Dictionary, ii. p.A 216, under _to Fest_. + +p. 2, l. 30. I am by no means sure that _fede_ is the original reading, +but I wasnaEuro(TM)t able to find a better word rhyming with _dedde_, _wede_; +even the _ne._ aEuro~feedaEuro(TM) means _pasture_, and that is what we expect here. + +p. 2, l. 31. For my correction cf. LA1/4dtkeaEuro(TM)s note to _The Erl of +Tolouse_, l. 199, sub 2; _Eglam._, l.A 26: + + aEuro~That was a maydyn as whyte as fome,aEuro(TM) + +_Ib._ l. 683: + + aEuro~Crystyabelle as whyte as fome,aEuro(TM) + +where the _Percy Folio MS._ reads: + + aEuro~Christabell that was as faire as sunn;aEuro(TM) + +_Chronicle of England_, l. 75 f.: + + aEuro~Ant nomeliche to thy lemmon, + That ys wyttore then the fom.aEuro(TM) + +p. 2, l. 50. The alteration of _And_ and _bee_ into _An_ and _see_ +seemed necessary; _sayment_ is like Fr. _essaiement_, Lat. +_exagimentum_. + +p. 3, l. 59. Cf. l. 1216 f. and _The Lyfe of Ipomydon_, ed. KAlbing, +l. 1795: + + aEuro~If thou hyr haue, thou shalt hyr bye.aEuro(TM) + +p. 3, l. 77 f. As half of the stanza is lost, it is impossible to make +out to whom _they_ refers. Nor do I believe that l. 78 is correct, +especially as to _chaunce_. + +p. 3, l. 79. Cf. _Ipomadon_, ed. KAlbing, l. 8123: + + aEuro~A myle wyth in the Grekes see.aEuro(TM) + +p. 3, l. 80. _in an yle_ is certainly the correct reading; _mauyle_ was +introduced by a scribe who supposed it to be the giantaEuro(TM)s name; but that +is mentioned some twenty lines later. + +p. 5, l. 136. The correction of _lyght_ into _ryght_ I owe to Hall, who +refers me to the legend of _Sancta Maria Egyptiaca_; cf. f. i. BarbouraEuro(TM)s +_Legends of Saints_, ed. Horstmann, I. p.A 143A ff. + +p. 6, l. 153. _nowyd_ = aEuro~anoyedaEuro(TM) gives a poor sense. Hall suggests +_nowtyd_; cf. E. D. S., No. 6, RayaEuro(TM)s _North Country Words_, p.A 59, +_note_, to push, strike or soar, with the horn, as a bull or ram,aEuro(TM) ab. +A.S. _huitan_, ejusdem significationis. The word might then mean +aEuro~spurred.aEuro(TM) + +p. 6, l. 171 = l. 596. This alliterative binding is a very frequent one; +cf. _Sir Orfeo_, ed. Zielke, p.A 9. + +p. 7, l. 188. The same rhyme, which I have restored here, occurs +l. 559A f. + +p. 7, l. 190. _Yt tellythe_ = _Yt is told_; cf. LA1/4dtke, note to _The Erl +of Tolouse_, l. 1070, and Sarrazin, note to _Octavian_, l. 1749. + +p. 9, l. 236. I was about to write, _Crystyn men thow they were_, +referring this line to the guardians of the lions; but, no doubt, HallaEuro(TM)s +reconstruction of the line, which I have put into the text, is far +better. + +p. 9, l. 237. _Hys browys wexe bla_, i.e. he turned pale, he was struck +with fear; cf. _bloo askes_, P. Pl., l. 1553, and the German _aschfahl_. +Quite a similar expression occurs in _Perceval_, l. 687A f.: + + aEuro~Now sone of that salle wee see, + Whose browes schalle blakke.aEuro(TM) + +_Ib._ l. 1056: + + aEuro~His browes to blake.aEuro(TM) + +p. 9, l. 245. Though _syghyng_ gives no offence, still it may be, that +the author has written _syngyng_, and the scribe was wrong in altering +it; cf. ZupitzaaEuro(TM)s note to _Guy_, l. 5424. + +p. 9, l. 251. Cf. l. 802, 1204, _Ipomadon_, l. 6481 f.: + + aEuro~Your nece of Calabyre, that lady clere, + Ys bovnden wyth a fendes fere.aEuro(TM) + +_ReliquiA| AntiquA|_, i. p. 241: + + aEuro~He seith bi niEte and eke bi day, + That hy beth fendes ifere.aEuro(TM) + +p. 10, l. 265 f. The reading of these two lines is quite destroyed by +the careless scribe. My correction is not more than an attempt to +restore the rhyme. + +p. 10, l. 277 ff. There is nothing in TorrentaEuro(TM)s words which could lead +the princess to a conclusion like that. IA think that after l. 276 one +stanza is wanting. + +p. 11, l. 286-8. As to the contents of these lines, KAlbing refers me to +_Englische studien_, vol. IV. p.A 133 f., where F. Liebrecht mentions a +passage in _Sir Beves of Hamtoun_, according to which a kingaEuro(TM)s +daughter,--if she is a pure virgin,--can never be hurt by a lion. Here +we have another proof for this remarkable bit of folk-lore. + +p. 11, l. 292 = l. 329. + +p. 11, l. 303 = l. 342. + +p. 11, l. 305. I am not quite sure whether I was right in substituting +the princeaEuro(TM)s name--which is mentioned once more, the first time, as it +were, l. 341--for the name of his fatheraEuro(TM)s kingdom; but I didnaEuro(TM)t see any +other way of restoring the rhyme. + +p. 12, l. 311. Cf. l. 469 and SkeataEuro(TM)s note to _Sir Thopas_, l. 1927. + +p. 12, l. 334. Instead of _he_ I should prefer to read _they_: Torrent +has just admonished the prisoners to cheerA up. + +p. 13, l. 344. There must be something wrong in this line, because the +name of the third EarlaEuro(TM)s son is missing; to write _the third_ instead of +_of_ may not suffice to put the text right; even the names _Torren_ and +_Berweyne_ seem to me very suspicious. + +p. 14, l. 379. Cf. _Ipomadon_, l. 4245, _for Crystys dede_; _Crystys_ +was substituted by KAlbing for _mannes_, which is clearly wrong; he +could as well have chosen _godes_. + +p. 15, l. 393 ff. Cf. KAlbingaEuro(TM)s note to _Tristrem_, l. 736. + +p. 16, l. 427. Of this allusion to Veland, Halliwell treats in his +edition of _Sir Torrent_, p.A vii f. Cf. Zupitza, _Ein zeugnis fA1/4r die +Wieland-sage_, _Zeitschrift fA1/4r deutsches Alterthum_, Vol. XIX, +p.A 129A f. + +p. 16, l. 429-31. The line which follows l. 429 in the MS. is +superfluous; it damages the metre; and the rhyme with l. 430 wonaEuro(TM)t do. +The old king wishes to say; aEuro~IA have seen the day when, if this sword +wielded by me fell on any one, he was considered done for, doomed to +death.aEuro(TM) Therefore l. 431, _IA fawght therfor I told_ has been corrected +into _Fawe they were I-told_. The scribe did not understand the +obsolescent word _fawe_ or _faye_, so he wrote the nearest word to it to +make sense, _I-told_ = aEuro~held, considered.aEuro(TM)--I. Hall. + +p. 17, l. 458. Cf. BreulaEuro(TM)s note to _Sir Gowther_, l. 410. + +p. 17, l. 465. Cf. l. 2061 f. + +p. 20, l. 542. The scribe, who evidently didnaEuro(TM)t know the pretty rare +word _clow_, has spoilt it to _colod_, or _colvd_; the same rhyme, +_clouE_, _drouE_, _anouE_ occurs in _Sir Tristrem_, l. 1761 ff. Nor did +the scribe know the word _swowe_ = aEuro~noise,aEuro(TM) and changed it to _swayne_; +cf. Hall. Dict., p.A 843: _He come to him with a swowe_. + +p. 20, l. 543. _Of and on_, off and on, intermittently. + +p. 21, l. 555. _schyld_ is not to the point here, Torrent having only +his sword at hand. The scribe has forgotten what he has said himself, +l. 526 and 549; cf. l. 652. + +p. 21, l. 582-4. We meet with this description twice more in the poem, +ll. 1514-16, and ll. 1858-60. + +p. 23, l. 640. On the meaning of _theff_, cf. KAlbingaEuro(TM)s note to _Am. and +Amil._, l. 787. + +p. 24, l. 659. _of Perowne_ is certainly wrong, as it does not agree +with the rhymes _stere_, _nere_, _fere_; but I donaEuro(TM)t know how to amend +the line. + +p. 24, l. 662. _schere_ gives no meaning; I write _stere_ and translate, +There might nobody move further, _i.e._ the giant was brought to a +standstill in the glen. + +p. 24, l. 665. Cf. ll. 434, 791. + +p. 25, l. 688. Cf. _Eglam._, l. 324: + + aEuro~And to [the] herte hym bare.aEuro(TM) + +The weak preterit tense of _berien_ is very rare; if _bere_ = A.S. +_beran_ sometimes has the same meaning, _i.e._ aEuro~to strike,aEuro(TM) the reason +is that A.S. _beran_ and Icel. _berja_ are confounded. + +p. 25, l. 696. _woo_ can hardly stand for _wood_. It seems to me like a +last corruption of an old romance phrase, like _worthy inwith wall +(woEe)_; possibly the line was simply so: _Thus in II journeys Torrent +so_.--Hall. + +p. 25, l. 700. On the use of M.E. _fote_ as a plural see ZupitzaaEuro(TM)s note +to _Guy_, l. 598. + +p. 26, l. 722. Hall suggests, the original phrase may have been: _pomely +whyt and grey_; cf. Chaucer, _C.A T._, Prol., l. 615A f.: + + aEuro~This reeve sat vpon a ful good stot, + That was al {pomely gray}, and highte Scot.aEuro(TM) + +p. 27, l. 744. Cf. l. 788. On _St. James_ cf. KAlbingaEuro(TM)s note to _Am. and +Amil._, l. 796. + +p. 29, l. 808 f. aEuro~In so dangerous conditions he has been before [and +still come back safe], so he will come back even this time.aEuro(TM) + +p. 29, l. 819. On the meaning of the phrase aEuro(TM)_the bord beginne_,aEuro(TM) cf. +KAlbing, _Englische studien_, III. p.A 104, and Zupitza, _Anglia_, III. +p.A 370A f. + +p. 30, l. 838. This stanza being incomplete, I think, the lacuna is to +be put after l. 838. The missing three lines contained the fact, that +the king promises Torrent, before his knights, that, when he has done +this deed, he will give him his daughter, and grant him one half of his +kingdom during his life, and the whole afterwards; cf. l. 1206 ff. The +odd number of XXVII knights is probably due only to the scribe; cf. F. +III: _By VII score of hardy knyghtes_. + +p. 31, l. 867 f. These two lines are poor, and the rhyme is very bad; +l. 868 may have run originally, _Thurrow Pervyns, for sothe, it ley_; +cf. l. 949. + +p. 32, l. 901. _squyere_, although very odd at the first sight, may +still be right; Torrent says: aEuro~The only squier that I took with me for +this journey, is my swordaEuro(TM); cf. l. 909. + +p. 33, l. 922. Cf. KAlbingaEuro(TM)s note to _Ipomadon_, l. 3344. + +p. 33, l. 924-6. On the story of a child, begotten by a devil on a +sleeping woman, cf. Breul, _Sir Gowther_, p.A 119A f. + +p. 34, l. 954 ff. Cf. _Tristrem_, l. 1409 ff.: + + aEuro~Out of Deuelin toun + Aze folk wel fast ran, + In a water to droun, + So ferd were A3/4ai A3/4an.aEuro(TM) + +p. 34, l. 963 f. Cf. _Beves of Hamtoun_, l. 187 f.: + + aEuro~Madame, a seide, for loue myn, + Whar mai ich finde A3/4at wilde swin?aEuro(TM) + +p. 36, l. 1000. Instead of _spere_ perhaps we ought to read _sworde_. + +p. 37, l. 1030 f. If we compare the rests of these lines in F. VI., this +reading or a similar one is to be expected. The reading of l. 1029 ff. +in the fragments may be completed so: _[Thourgh the he]lpe of god of +heuen Thorough ye and] herin euen God send the spere the right way_. + +p. 36, l. 1033 f. Cf. ll. 1166, 2468 f., and KAlbingaEuro(TM)s note to _Sir +Tristrem_, l. 69A f. + +p. 38, l. 1070. aEuro~I came hither to seek my death,aEuro(TM) _i.e._ this expedition +was so dangerous, that I expected to die. + +p. 38, l. 1076. Cf. _Ipomadon_, l. 239 f.: + + aEuro~Tyll vncovth contreys will I wende, + The maner wille I see.aEuro(TM) + +p. 39, l. 1081. _is_ was to be corrected into _it_: aEuro~Because you slew +him that possessedA it.aEuro(TM) + +p. 39, l. 1086. This line, according to HallaEuro(TM)s emendation, means: You +owe no homage or feudal due, the manor is yours and your heirsaEuro(TM) for +ever; _i.e._ the manor is in fee simple, and free from any feudal +obligation. + +p. 39, st. 95. The text would be improved by putting ll. 1104-6 before +1101-3, although this transposition is not absolutely necessary. + +p. 39, l. 1105. _lefte_ may be a mistake for _loste_; cf. _Gower_, I. +207: + + aEuro~Contenaunce for a A3/4rowe + He loste.aEuro(TM) + +p. 40, l. 1117. Cf. RitsonaEuro(TM)s _Met. Rom._, III. p. 341 f., and ZupitzaaEuro(TM)s +note to _Guy_, l. 436. + +p. 40, l. 1121. _he bare_ looks rather suspicious, but it is supported +by l. 2169. The author is about to describe the figures inlaid on the +shield. Cf. _Eglamour_, l. 1030A f.: + + aEuro(TM)_He bare_ in azure[N1] a grype of golde, + Rychely beton on the molde.aEuro(TM) + + [Footnote N1: So _Percy Fol. MS._; _aserre_ Thornt.] + +p. 40, l. 1124. This line is hopelessly spoilt; the scribe, careless as +he was, has almost literally repeated l. 1121; l. 1125 directly +continues the description begun before. + +p. 40, l. 1132. Is _than I haue in tale_ right? We expect rather: _than +I can telle in tale_. + +p. 41, l. 1138 f. Cf. l. 1587 f. + +p. 41, l. 1143. I thought it necessary to insert _mete_, although +MAtzner, _WArterbuch_, II. p.A 274, cites this line as the only instance +in the M.E. literature for _glad_ as a substantive. But even the sense +is very poor without this addition. + +p. 41, l. 1144. As to a man riding into the hall, cf. SkeataEuro(TM)s note to +ChauceraEuro(TM)s _SquiereaEuro(TM)s Tale_, l. 80, and KAlbingaEuro(TM)s note to _Ipomadon_ +l. 6253A f. + +p. 41, l. 1150 f. I hope my alterations in l. 1151 are right. It cannot +be said that the King of Aragon defends the lady unless somebody has +laid claims to her. Torrent wants either three combats or the lady, +quite a regular occurrence in mediA|val romances. + +p. 41, l. 1154. _none_, i.e. _no lady_. + +p. 41, l. 1160. Cf. KAlbingaEuro(TM)s note to _Tristrem_, l. 138. + +p. 41, l. 1165. _the gres_, which word is here required by the rhyme, +is, in the same way as in this passage, used for aEuro~battle-field,aEuro(TM) in +_Perceval_, l. 1225A f.: + + aEuro~Hedes and helmys ther was, + I telle Eow withowttene lese, + Many layde {one the gresse}, + And many brode schelde.aEuro(TM) + +p. 42, l. 1181. _For tynding of his hand_ = for fear of (=A _for_) the +beating (blows) of his hand. Schoolboy slang still keeps the word aEuro(TM)_to +tund_aEuro(TM) = to beat with something flat.--HALL. + +p. 42, l. 1193. On this expression Skeat treats in _Notes to P. Pl._, +p.A 3987, to which note I refer the reader. Cf. _Li B. Disc._, l. 130 f. +(Ritson, _Rom._ II. p.A 6): + + aEuro~Hys schon wer with gold ydyght + And {kopeth} as a knyght.aEuro(TM) + +p. 43, l. 1198 f.: aEuro~None of them said a single word, But that Torrent +had been right to do so as he had done.aEuro(TM) + +p. 43, l. 1211. There is an evident contradiction between this line and +l. 1199. IA suppose the word _waried_ to be wrong; but I am not able to +give a fairly certain emendation ofA it. + +p. 44, l. 1228 f.: aEuro~The king had supposed he was dead, and, indeed, +foolhardy he was to undertake an adventure like this.aEuro(TM) + +p. 45, l. 1268 f. This fight between the giant Cate and Torrent reminds +us in some points of the combat between Guy and Colbrond. Like the old +northern _holmganga_, both fights take place on an island, and in both +cases the giant declines to sit on horseback, because he is too heavy; +cf. _Guy of Warwike_, Edinburgh, 1840, l. 9940A ff.: + + aEuro~When A3/4ai had sworn and ostage founde, + Colbrond stirt vp in A3/4at stounde, + To fiEt he was ful felle. + He was so michel and so vnrede, + That no hors miEt him lede, + In gest as y you telle. + So mani he hadde of armes gere, + VnneA3/4e a cart miEt hem bere, + Aze Inglisse for to quelle.aEuro(TM) + +p. 45, l. 1270. _he_ instead of _him_ is remarkable; this personal +construction, provided that it is right, would offer an analogue to _I +am wo_ instead of _me is wo_; cf. KAlbingaEuro(TM)s note to _Tristrem_, l. 245. + +p. 45, l. 1271 = l. 1546. + +p. 46, l. 1307. This line ought probably to run thus: + + aEuro(TM)_Sir Torent praid, as was his wonne._aEuro(TM) + +p. 47, l. 1337 f. This is SAINT _Nycholas de Barr_, not sir N., as the +copyist has put. He was hardly a cleric, or he would have known the Boy +Bishop. An English reference for S.A Nicholas is Alban Butler, _Lives of +the Fathers, Martyrs_, etc., vol. vii. p.A 989, Dublin, 1833. His day is +Dec. 6th, consequently he is not in _Acta Sanctorum_; see besides +_Altenglische legenden, Neue folge_, ed. Horstmann, Heilbronn, 1881, p. +11-16, and BarbouraEuro(TM)s _Legendensammlung_, ed. Horstmann, I. p.A 229-245. +_Barr_ is _Bari_ in Italy, and Barbour, I. p.A 238, l. 601 f., knew it +was two syllables (cf. the rhyme _A3/4ame be: Barre_). Nicholas was the +patron of sailors, and churches on the sea-coast in all parts of Europe +were dedicated to him. Now as Sir Torrent had been in peril at sea, he +offers to him. It was customary to offer garments at such shrines. See +Hampson, _Medii Avi Kalendarium_, I. p.A 72. Hence I propose for l. 1338: +_AA grett Erldome and a simarr_. _Simarr_ is not a common word, which +makes it all the more probable here, since the uncommon words are those +which are corrupted and lost. See _Prompt. Parv._, I. p.A 75: aEuro(TM)_chymer, +abella_,aEuro(TM) that is aEuro~abolla, cloak.aEuro(TM) M.E. _simar_, Fr. _simarre_.--HALL. +I have not hesitated for a moment to introduce this sagacious conjecture +into the text; also the correction of _redith_ into _tas_ I owe to Mr. +Hall. + +p. 48, l. 1353. Cf. KAlbingaEuro(TM)s note to _Sir Tristrem_, l. 2508. + +p. 48, l. 1364. We ought probably to read _she_ instead of _he_. + +p. 48, l. 1367 f. Cf. l. 1756 f. + +p. 48, l. 1378. Cf. _Sir Tristrem_, l. 2458: + + aEuro~Bi holtes and bi hille.aEuro(TM) + +p. 49, l. 1385 ff. Here he addresses the King of Portugal. In l. 1385 +_the_ is superfluous, and should perhaps be struck out. + +p. 49, l. 1395. _fend_ = _defend_; cf. ZupitzaaEuro(TM)s note to _Guy_, l. 576. + +p. 51, l. 1443 f. As the existence of _fede_ = _fode_, aEuro~fellowaEuro(TM) is +proved by no other passage, we ought perhaps to write _As spede me god: +ffode_, or _As g. me save: knave_, instead of _As god me spede: ffede_. + +p. 51, l. 1445. The alteration of _fleand_, which is absurd here, into +_failand_ is supported by l. 1280. + +p. 51, l. 1446. As to _make_ instead of _made_, cf. l. 332. + +p. 51, l. 1463. Cf. l. 2090 f. I am afraid neither of these passages is +quite right. + +p. 53, l. 1518. Perhaps we ought to read: + + aEuro~And out of the valey he hyd swith.aEuro(TM) + +p. 54, l. 1531. I donaEuro(TM)t believe that the poet used the word _tree_ +thrice within these four lines; perhaps he wrote for l. 1531: _Shold not +drawe it, parde_. + +p. 54, l. 1551. Cf. _Guy_, ed. Zupitza, l. 5430: + + aEuro~To reste A3/4er horsys a lytull wyght,aEuro(TM) + +and ZupitzaaEuro(TM)s note to l. 419. + +p. 55, l. 1570. Cf. StratmannaEuro(TM)s note to _Havelok_, l. 1129 (_Englische +studien_, I. p.A 424). + +p. 56, l. 1592. _To the I haue full good gate_ means, aEuro~IA am fully +entitled to kill you.aEuro(TM) IA donaEuro(TM)t recollect to have met with any parallel +passage. + +p. 56, l. 1600. That _dynt_ is wrong, the rhyme shows as well as the +meaning. But whether my alteration is right, seems very doubtful, +especially as l. 1609 offers the same rhyming word. + +p. 58, st. 142. Rhymes like _dight_, _be-taught_, _draught_, _right_ can +by no means be admitted. Now, instead of _be-taught_ we may be allowed +to write _be-teighte_ (cf. _Beket_, l. 1827), and l. 1654 may have run: + + aEuro~He wold haue a draught, aplight.aEuro(TM) + +p. 59, l. 1676. After _was_, _sent_ may have been dropped. + +p. 59, l. 1692. _For his love_, i.e. aEuro~As his sweetheart.aEuro(TM) + +p. 60, l. 1714. Cf. _Ipomadon_, l. 52: + + aEuro~Begge he wex of bonne and blode.aEuro(TM) + +_Ib._ l. 1763: + + aEuro~Ryghtte bygge of bone and blode.aEuro(TM) + +p. 60, l. 1722: aEuro~All his men agreed with him,aEuro(TM) viz. that this was the +knight whom he came to seek. + +p. 62, l. 1774. Is _her day_ = A.S. _aerdagas_, cf. _Havelok_, l. 27? +The word is very rare, and in this meaning occurs only in the plural. + +p. 62, l. 1777. After _king_, _on kne_ may have dropped out. + +p. 63, l. 1799. Cf. Chaucer, _C. T._, the MillereaEuro(TM)s Tale, l. 325: + + aEuro~Say what thou wolt, I schal it never telle + To child no wyf, by him that harwed helle.aEuro(TM) + +_Ib._, The SompnoureaEuro(TM)s Tale, l. 407: + + aEuro~Now help, Thomas, for him that harewed helle.aEuro(TM) + +Perhaps even here, l. 1702, _Iesu, that made hell_, ought to be altered +into _I. that harowde hell_. + +p. 64, l. 1846. Perhaps we ought to read _ebbyng_ instead of _eb_, +according to l. 223; one can hardly say, that aEuro~the sea isA eb.aEuro(TM) + +p. 68, l. 1961. Instead of _A_ I should prefer to read _The_, because +this griffon is the same which robbed the child before. + +p. 69, l. 1982. _Of what lond that he is left_, i.e. aEuro~Wherever he may be +born.aEuro(TM) + +p. 69, l. 1991 f. Cf. _Ipomadon_, l. 50 f.: + + aEuro~He sayd: Fro tyme he kepe tham con, + My landes I shall hym take.aEuro(TM) + +p. 70, l. 2002. _It is good in euery fight_, i.e. there is a stone in +the ring which heals wounds, if they are touched with it; cf. KAlbingaEuro(TM)s +note to _Ipomadon_, l. 8018. + +p. 70, l. 2010. Halliwell, p. 306, explains _disparlid_ by aEuro~beaten down, +destroyed,aEuro(TM) aA meaning which is not fit for this passage. IA read with a +slight addition _disparplid_ = aEuro~dispersed,aEuro(TM) aA rare word; cf. +_Stratmann_, p.A 156. + +p. 71, l. 2026. _But_ is probably to be altered into _And_. + +p. 72, l. 2053. Cf. KAlbingaEuro(TM)s note to _Tristrem_, l. 3068. + +p. 72, l. 2075. One might be inclined to write: + + aEuro~That my two children vncrystonyd ware,aEuro(TM) + +but I donaEuro(TM)t think that we are obliged to change: aEuro~I cared only for that +one thing, That my two children might be christened.aEuro(TM) + +p. 74, l. 2126. For _hing_ instead of _heng_ cf. MAtzner, +_Sprachproben_, I. 1, p.A 292, note to line 675, where _hynges_ rhymes +with _springes_. + +p. 74, l. 2135. _hede vale_, i.e. principal, best choice; _vale_ = +_wale_, or perhaps aphetic for _avale_ = value.--HALL. + +p. 74, l. 2138. _born_ seems to me somewhat suspicious, though I cannot +propose a better reading; _and torn_ instead of _born_ wouldnaEuro(TM)tA do. + +p. 75, l. 2152. The imperfect rhyme shows that there is something wrong +in this line; it may be restored thus: + + aEuro~Loo, lordys good and hende.aEuro(TM) + +p. 75, l. 2153. _wyll haue_ has probably been inserted here from the +following line; we ought to read _has_. + +p. 75, l. 2157. _Season for to hold_, i.e. aEuro~in order to hold court.aEuro(TM) But +I donaEuro(TM)t know another instance of _season_ with this meaning. + +p. 76, l. 2174. This line involves a contradiction to l. 2158A f. + +p. 76, l. 2185. _smote_ means the same as _caste_; cf. _King Horn_, ed. +Wissmann, l. 1038: + + aEuro~And ankere gunne caste.aEuro(TM) + +The only question is, whether _ankere_ is allowed to be supplied or must +be added; cf. l. 2203. + +p. 77, l. 2209-2214. The Sultan informs Torrent by messengers, that the +inhabitants of the town are starving, evidently appealing to his +generosity. Torrent answers him, that if they will lie here, _i.e._ +leave the town, they are to have victuals enough. But the Sultan doesnaEuro(TM)t +accept this condition, and so the siege is continued. That seems to me +to be the meaning of this half of the stanza. + +p. 77, l. 2216 f. _dede_ means here, and l. 2400, aEuro~exploit, battle.aEuro(TM) In +the same way Saber, BevesaEuro(TM)s uncle, once a year on a certain day fights +against the Emperor; cf. _Sir Beues_, l. 2917A ff.: + + aEuro(TM)& eueri Eer on a dai certaine + Vpon A3/4emperur of Almaine + He ginneA3/4 gret bataile take, + Beues, al for A3/4ine sake.aEuro(TM) + +It agrees very well with the religious feelings of the Middle Ages, when +they thought it a merit to fight against the heathens on Good Friday; +cf. here l. 2230A ff. + +p. 77, l. 2224 ff. I am afraid there is something wrong in these lines; +the copyist seems to mean, that Torrent didnaEuro(TM)t bereave the inhabitants +of their worldly goods, their treasures; then we must write _them_ for +_it_. But what we really expect here is, that he leaves in the town some +trustworthy men to keep it. Accordingly, the fault lies in _Worldely +goodis_. Besides, l. 2224, _did wyn_, instead of _was yn_, would improve +the rhyme. + +p. 77, l. 2232. _bryght_ is a rather odd epithet to _SarEins_. + +p. 78, l. 2233 ff. Fifteen years have past since Torrent began to +fight against the infidels: he besieges the first town two years (cf. +l. 2189), the second, six years (cf. l. 2206), the third, seven years +(cf. l. 2230). Meanwhile, the education of a young man being finished at +the age of fifteen (cf. KAlbingaEuro(TM)s note to _Tristrem_, l. 287), his son +had become just old enough to win his spurs. + +p. 78, l. 2240. I doubt whether _ordeyn_ can be allowed to stand without +an object, such as _your folk_, or _your ships_; cf. _Robert of +GloaEuro(TM)ster_, ed. Hearne, p.A 139, l.A 19: + + aEuro~He bigan to ordeyne ys folk, & to batail aEen drow.aEuro(TM) + +p. 78, l. 2256: aEuro~Woebegone was she, that must see that,aEuro(TM) viz. that aEuro~le +leopard took away her sone.aEuro(TM) + +p. 78, l. 2259 f. The meaning of these two lines is not quite +perspicuous, and they may be corrupt; only this one thing is clear, that +these two knights are Torrent and his son, who belong to different +parties. + +p. 79, l. 2269 ff. It may be that ll. 2269-71 and ll. 2272-74 are to be +transposed, but I donaEuro(TM)t think it necessary: TorrentaEuro(TM)s men flee when they +see that their chief has surrendered. + +p. 80, l. 2302. _wekid_ = wicked, mischievous. But I donaEuro(TM)t recollect to +have met with this adj. as an epithet to _land_ or _country_. + +p. 80, l. 2304. Cf. _Tristrem_, l. 88, KAlbingaEuro(TM)s note to that passage, +and _York Plays_, p.A 438, l. 155: + + aEuro~For, certys, my lyf days are nere done.aEuro(TM) + +p. 80, l. 2316. The alteration of this line is rather a radical one; but +there was no other way to restore the rhyme; IA think that first, _day_ +and _nyEt_ had changed their places in line 2313, and then the copyist, +in order to get a rhyme to _nyEt_, spoilt the latter line. + +p. 81, l. 2335. _be my ffaye_ and _parmaffay_ in the same stanza, and +both in the rhyme, are rather poor; one of these lines may have run +thus: + + aEuro~Be god of heven, the king gan say.aEuro(TM) + +p. 82, l. 2357. The same confusion between _turment_ and _turnament_ +occurs in _Ipomadon_, l. 2868; cf. KAlbingaEuro(TM)s note to this line. + +p. 83, l. 2392. Cf. _Ipomadon_, l. 3958: + + aEuro~A mercy, syr, for Crystes pitte,aEuro(TM) + +and KAlbingaEuro(TM)s note to this line. + +p. 83, l. 2395 f. Cf. KAlbingaEuro(TM)s note to _Tristrem_, l. 3064, where he +cites an interesting parallel passage to this line from _Guy of +Warwick_, ed. Zupitza, l. 4707A f.: + + aEuro~Eoeyt A3/4ou art the trewest knyght, + That euer slepyd in wynturs nyght.aEuro(TM) + +p. 83, l. 2405. _and_ is perhaps miswritten for _an_ or _on_. + +p. 83, l. 2407. This line, as it stands, is rather odd; perhaps it ought +to be identical with l. 1128. + +p. 84, l. 2420. _juster_, _jouster_, means here a knight who joins in a +joust or tournament: in the only other passage where it is known to +occur, _Alis._, l. 1400, it is a horse for tourneying. + +p. 84, l. 2433 = l. 2456; cf. _Ipomadon_, l. 8830: + + aEuro(TM)_Euery man in there degre._aEuro(TM) + +p. 85, l. 2450. On _roial_, cf. KAlbingaEuro(TM)s note to _Ipomadon_, l. 64. To +_a roall ffyght_ may be compared ShakespeareaEuro(TM)s _A royal battle_ (_Rich. +III._, IV.A iv.). + +p. 85, l. 2461. _with oute lent_ = aEuro~without fastingaEuro(TM)? I have not met +with this expletive phrase anywhere else. + +p. 86, l. 2493. It was not superfluous to mention this fact, because +knights were very often killed in tournaments; cf. Niedner, _Das +deutsche turnier im XII. und XIII. Iahrhundert_, Berlin, 1881, p.A 24. +See also R. BrunneaEuro(TM)s _Handlyng-Synne_, ed. Furnivall, 1862, p.A 144-6. + +p. 87, l. 2518-20. As to the meaning of _couplid_, cf. MAtzner, +_WArterbuch_, I. p.A 491. These lines evidently mean that gentlemen and +ladies sit alternately, what one calls in German, _bunte reihe machen_. +Cf. A. Schultz, _Das hAfische Leben Zur Zeit der Minnesinger_, I. +p.A 330, and P. Pietsch, Bunte Reihe, _Zeitschrift fA1/4r deutsche +Philologie_, vol. xvi. Halle, 1884, p.A 231, who cites from _Biterolf_, +l. 7399A ff.: + + aEuro~Do hiezens under mA(R)ne man + Ir ingesinde wol getAcn + Sich teilen in dem palas, + Daz kein mA(R)n recke dAc was, + Ern sA|ze zwischen magedA(R)n.aEuro(TM) + +p. 87, l. 2526. _emell_ was added by Hall in order to restore the rhyme +with _Desonell_. + +p. 88, l. 2535. For this correction, cf. ZupitzaaEuro(TM)s note to _Guy_, +l. 600. + +p. 90, l. 2593. After _marked_, _them_ may have dropped; cf. _Layamon_, +l. 5642A f.: + + aEuro~And heom markede forAe', + Touward Munt-giu heo ferden,aEuro(TM) + +instead of which lines the later MSS. writes: + + aEuro~Hii nome riht hire way + Touward Muntageu.aEuro(TM) + +p. 90, l. 2597. On _castelletoure_ cf. KAlbingaEuro(TM)s note to _Tristrem_, +l. 158. + +p. 91, l. 2636. Cf. KAlbingaEuro(TM)s notes to _Amis and Amiloun_, l. 1019, and +to _The lyfe of Ipomadon_, l. 506. Here the expression, _no good he ne +couth_ means, he was quite feeble and strengthless. + +p. 92, l. 2658. _up-tyed_ = so limited by the deed of foundation that +they (the churches and abbeys) could not be diverted to any other +purpose.--HALL. + +p. 92, l. 2661. Cf. _Eglamour_, l. 1339, Lincoln MS.: + + aEuro~In Rome this romance crouned es.aEuro(TM) + +The Cambridge MS. reads instead: + + aEuro~In Rome thys geste cronyculd ys.aEuro(TM) + +I am inclined to think that _crouned_ is nothing else but a misreading +for _cronyculd_. Afterwards, considered to be correct, it has originated +expressions like those we find here. + + + + +GLOSSARY. + +[TranscriberaEuro(TM)s Note: + +Asterisks* are not explained. They seem to indicate words that did not +appear in the original MS but are the result of editorial emendation. +They may or may not occur elsewhere in the text.] + + _abydde_, 2/41, _vb._ to endure. + _a-bye_, 21/569, _vb._ to pay for. + _actone_, 79/2276, _sb._ a jacket of quilted cotton. + Cf. SkeataEuro(TM)s Glossary to _Wars of Al._, s.v. + _ago_, 3/65, _pp._ gone. + _a-right_, 48/1364, _pt. s._ prepared, served up. + _assent_, 48/1357, _sb._ proposal. + _assttyt_, 23/640, _adv._ at once. + _auter_, 68/1952, _sb._ altar. + _avented_, 54/1554, _pt. s. refl._ recovered his breath. + _aventorres_, 2/39, _sb. pl._ adventures. + _aventurly_, 44/1229, _adv._ boldly. + _axithe_, 10/260, _pr. 3 sg._ asks. + + _balle_, 15/400, _sb._ bale. + _bane_,* 29/794, _sb._ bone; + 52/1478, _sb._ destruction, death; + 59/1678, _sb._ over-comer. + _bare_, 53/1502, _pr. s._ stabbed. + _barys_, 35/978, _sb. pl._ bars. + _bayte_, 54/1553, _vb._ to pasture. + _bed_, 29/793, _pp._ offered. + _bent_, 25/701, 86/2487, _sb._ battle-field. + _berdles_, 36/1015, _adj._ beardless. + _bere_, 37/1045, _vb._ to stab. + _be-stad_, 29/808, _pp._ sore bestad = distressed. + _bet_, 57/1622, _pt. s._ beat. + _be-taught_, 58/1651, _pp._ surrendered, delivered. + _bett_, 55/1585, _pp._ beaten; 40/1123, _pp._ ornamented. + _be-tyde_, 45/1270, _vb._ to befall; cf. the note to this line. + _beytyng_, 36/1008, _vb. sb._, baiting.? + _bla_,* 9/237, _adj._ pale, wan; cf. the note. + _blo_,* 13/351, _adj._ blue. + _blynd_, 4/87, _pr. s. conj._ blind. + _bode_, 18/498, _pr. s._ ordered. + _boffettes_, 85/2472; + _buffettes_, 56/1596, _sb. pl._ blow, dint. + _bone_, 55/1565, _sb._ prayer. + _bord_, 29/819, 42/1194, _sb._ table. + _bowes_, 51/1451, _sb. pl._ bough, branch. + _bowght_, 21/556, _sb._ bend. + _brayd_, 56/1598, _sb._ sudden attack. + _broke_, 30/833, 48/1354, _vb._ to enjoy. + _browE_, 24/654, _sb._ rising ground, hill. + _byddythe_, 18/500, _pr. s._ waited, remained. + _byght_, 22/605, _vb._ to bite. + _byne_, 2/46, _vb._ to be. + _byrlyd_, 11/292, 12/329, _pr. s._ to pour out. + + _castell toure_, 90/2597, _sb._ castle tower. + _chaffare_, 35/986, _sb._ bargain. + _chalenge_, 41/1150; + _pr. s._ 41/1163; + _pr. s. conj._ challenge. + _cheff-foster_, 21/574, _sb._ chief-foster. + _ches_, 26/718, _pr. s._ chose. + _chyrge_, 29/814, _sb._ church. + _clarkys_, 1/12, _sb. pl._ clerks. + _clere_, 3/62, _adj._ _clere of_, renowned for. + _clow_,* 20/542, _sb._ clough. + _cobled_, 46/1298, _adj._ cobled stones = cobblestones. + _comely_, 26/722, _adv._ in a comely manner; cf. the note. + _contenance_,* 3/75, _sb._ countenance, presence of mind. + _cord_, 48/1357, _pr. s._ accord. + _coueryd_, 87/2506, _pr. pl._ _Vp they coueryd_ = They recovered.? + _countenance_, 39/1105, _sb._ countenance. + _couped_, 42/1193, _pp._; cf. the note. + _coupled_, 87/2520, _pp._ coupled; cf. the note. + _coursus_, 41/1150, 42/1177, _sb. pl._ courses. + _couth_, 46/1295, 91/2636, _pr. s._ knew. + _craftely_, 54/1527, _adv._ skilfully. + _crest_, 40/1128; + _creste_, 83/2407, _sb._ crest. + _croke_, 36/1018, 37/1042, 55/1577, 56/1607, 58/1652, _sb._ crook. + + _dalle_, 21/562, _sb._ valley. + _delyuer_, 41/1154, _vb._; + 41/1151, _imp._ to deliver up; + _delyuerd_, 63/1806, 1808, _pp._ delivered of a child; + _delyuerd_, 82/2372, _pp._ released? + _dent_, 2/41, _sb._ blow. + _departid_, 47/1329, _pr. pl._ divorced. + _dewe_, 4/88, _sb._ dieu. + _deyr_, 2/37, _adj._ dear. + _deyse_, 38/1067, 42/1192, _sb._ dais. + _dight_, 39/1081, _pr. s._ built. + _disparplid_,* 70/2010, _pp._ dispersed; cf. the note. + _dong_, 61/1754, _pr. pl._ dung, beat. + _dourst_, 3/81, _prs. sg._ darest. + _draught_, 58/1654, _sb._ draught. + _dryee_, 36/994, _vb._ endure. + _duchyes_, 33/933, _sb. pl._ duchies. + _dulful_, 19/519, _adj._ troublesome. + _dynnyng_, 52/1487, _sb._ roaring. + _dyspisyst_, 2/47, _prs. 2 sg._ despisest. + + _eb_, 64/1846, _sb._ ebb; cf. the note. + _ebbyd_, 8/223, _pp._ ebbing. + _ech_, 92/2657, _pron._ each. + _eche_, 24/649, _sb._ oak. + _endentyd_, 9/227, _pp._ indented, adorned. + _erber_, 65/1868, _sb._ garden of pleasure. + _ermyght_, 36/1008, _sb._? + _eyllythe_, 34/958, _prs. 3 sg._ ails. + + _fall_, 47/1331, _vb._ to fell, kill. + _fame_, 2/31, _sb._ foam. + _fare_, 44/1234, _sb._ at that fare = under these circumstances. + _farly_, 2/44; + _ferly_, 69/1974, 71/2035, _sb._ wonder. + _fawe_,* 16/431, _adj._ destined to death. + _fede_,* 2/30, _sb._ feed, pasture ground; cf. the note. + _ffede_, 51/1444, _sb._; cf. the note. + _fell_, 85/2444, _adj._ strong, able. + _fell_, 1/21, 4/90, _vb._ to fell, kill; + _fellythe_, 3/82, _pr. 3A sg._ fells. + _fere_, 3/69, 4/98, 4/102, 33/931, 85/2466, _sb._ companion. + _fesomnyd_, 2/28, _pr. s._; cf. the note. + _fet_, 12/309, _pp._ fetched. + _ffettouris_, 81/2333, _sb. pl._ fetters. + _flyng_, 67/1927, _vb._ to hasten. + _flyngyng_, 14/378, _p. prs._ hastening. + _fode_, 36/1012, _sb._ food; _ffode_, 64/1823, _sb._ child, wight. + _ffont_, 69/1993, _sb._ font. + _forsake_, 26/724, _vb._ to leave behind. + _fforward_, 41/1743, _sb._ agreement. + _fraye_, 23/638, _sb._ attack. + _freke_, 58/1661, _sb._ warrior. + _frethe_, 6/161, _sb._ forest. + _fyle_, 33/911, _sb._ fill. + _ffyne_, 39/1086, _sb._ fine. + _fytte_, 17/458, _sb. pl._ feet. + _fytyng_, 7/1731, _p. prs._ fighting. + + _gadlyng_, 36/1015, _sb._ vagabond. + _gale_, 46/1313, _sb._ galley. + _gas_, 4/103, _prs. 3 sg._ goes. + _gestonye_, 82/2374, 91/2625, 91/2627, _sb._ banquet, feast. + _gethe_, 71/2042, _prs. 3 sg._ goes. + _glemyrryng_, 16/426, _p. prs._ glimmering. + _governe_, 28/779, _vb. refl._ to behave. + _greme_,* 67/1929, _sb._ grief, sorrow. + _grennyng_, 40/1126, _p. prs._ distorting, gaping. + _gryffon_, 69/1971; + _greffon_, 69/1981, _sb._ griffin. + _grype_, 68/1961, _sb._ griffin. + + _harood_, 60/1711, _sb._ herald; + 82/2365, _harroldys_, _sb. pl._ heralds. + _harood_, 63/1799, _pr. s._ distracted. + _hed_, 17/444, _sb._ heed. + _hede_, 74/2126, _vb._ to behead. + _hede-vale_, 74/2135, 91/2621, _sb._ principal value; + cf. the note to l. 2135. + _hedles_, 25/702, _adj._ headless. + _hende_, 4/106, _adj._ courteous. + _herne_,* 37/1030, _sb._ brains. + _heved_,* 14/371, _sb._ head. + _hight_, 65/1860, _sb._ height. + _housell_, 45/1272; + _howsell_, 74/2139, _sb._ housel. + _howge_, 20/548, _adj._ huge, enormous. + _howt_, 25/703, _adv._ out. + _hurt_, 57/1625, _sb._ hurt. + + _i-bye_, 43/1222, _vb._ to pay for. + _i-wysse_, 15/391, _adv._ surely. + _juster_, 84/2420, _sb._ jousting knight. + + _kene_, 2/47, _adj._ brave. + _kerpyng_, 92/2662, _vb. sb._ talking. + + _lade_, 58/1663, _sb._ load, i.e. a lot of blows. + _lay_, 6/165, 52/1492, _sb._ grass land, bank. + _lede_, 2/36, _sb._ country. + _lemyred_, 11/291, _pr. s._ glimmered. + _lenage_, 18/491, _sb._ lineage, family. + _lende_, 1/9, _prs. pl._ go. + _leng_, 32/899, _vb._ to stay. + _lent_, 85/2461, _sb._ lent? + _leryd_, 40/1110, _pp._ informed. + _lifte_, 45/1273, _vb._ to lift. + _lothly_, 34/964, 35/991; + lothely, 53/1508, 54/1534, _adj._ loathsome. + _love_, 59/1692, _sb._ love, sweet-heart. + _lyst_, 1/7, _vb._ to listen. + _lythe_, 13/337, _vb._ to listen. + _lyvelode_, 83/2384, _sb._ livelihood. + + _maistershipmon_, 50/1425, _sb._ captain. + _mall_, 12/322, _sb._ hammer, club. + _markyd_, 90/2592, _pr. s._ directed. + _mate_, 25/678, _adj._ faint, exhausted. + _maynerey_, 16/435, _sb._ banquet, feast. + _maystry_, 8/212, _sb._ mastery; + _maystres_, 28/789, _sb. pl._ = _maystries_, exploits? + _meche_, 10/270, 20/531, 26/713, 37/1040, _adj._ much, great. + _met_, 25/700, _pr. s._ measured. + _moche_, 49/1399, 76/2195, _adj._ much, great. + _myd mete_, 41/1141, 42/1189, _sb._ the middle of the dinner. + _mylle_, 3/79, _sb._ mile. + _myrre_, 11/293, 34/943, _adj._ merry. + _myster_, 21/581, _sb._ need, want. + + _nonys_, 46/1299, _in phr. for A3/4e nones_, for the once, for the + occasion. + _noryse_, 67/1928, _sb._ nurse. + _not_,* 54/1535, _prs._ _ne wot_, donaEuro(TM)t know. + _nowyd_, 6/153, _pp._ annoyed? cf. the note. + + _of-smyght_, 25/691, _vb._ to cut off. + _omage_, 39/1086, _sb._ homage. + _onfre_,* 53/1499, _adj._ unnoble. + _on-harnes_, 11/302, _vb._ to unharness. + _ordor_, 2/51, _sb._ order. + _ordurres_, 2/48, _sb. pl._ knighthood, dub. + _ovyr-ryde_, 2/40, _vb._ to ride over, to overcome? + + _payn_, 44/1252, _sb._ fine, mulct. + _persewyd_,* 17/462, _pp._ pursued. + _pertely_, 53/1501, _adv._ openly, plainly. + _pluckys_, 56/1611, _sb._ strokes; cf. Halliwell, Dict., p.A 633. + _pomell_, 26/714, _sb._ pommel. + _poynt_, 17/445, 88/2540, = _poynt of armys_, 3/68, 30/832, 49/1383, + _sb._ exploit. + _prekand_, 45/1263, _prs. p._ pricking. + _preste_, 50/1418, _adj._ ready. + _preve_, 10/275, _adj._ privy. + _pyll_, 21/573, _sb._ rock? + + _ragyd_, 7/194, _adj._ ragged. + _rawght_, 24/645, _pr. s._ gave. + _red_, 7/178, _sb._ counsel. + _reioyse_, 75/2151, 80/2309, 91/2640, _vb._ to enjoy. + _rerid_, 55/1561, _pr. pl._ reared, tried to bring on. + _reue_, 35/986, _vb._ to bereave, to rob. + _reuelid_, 85/2467, _pr. pl._ revelled, feasted. + _revid_, 88/2546, _pp._ robbed. + _rewe_, 31/860, _vb._ to rue, to pity. + _reysed_, 46/1313, _pr. pl._ raised, made ready; + _reysing_, 51/1454, _prs. p._ rising, startingA up. + _rially_, 87/2516, _adv._ royally. + _rialte_, 85/2455, _sb._ royal state. + _rightfull_, 64/1834, _adj._ rightfull. + _roall_, 85/2450, _adj._ royal. + _rome_, 19/516, _sb._ cross-way? + _rore_, 37/132, _vb._ to roar. + _rough_, 66/1879, _sb._ wood, copse. + _rowe_, 50/1426, _prs. pl._ row. + _rowght_, 24/645, _sb._ stroke, blow? + _rude_, 58/1666, _adj._ rude. + _ryd_, 2/44, _pr. s._ rode. + _ryde-wey_, 22/598, _sb._ spur-way, horse-way. + _ryngis_, 82/2354, _sb._ ring, arena. + _ryved_, 73/2090, _pr. s._ ryved up, landed, disembarked; + _ryven_, 50/1435, _pr. p._ landed. + + _sare_, 4/97, _adv._ sorely. + _sarten_, 26/717, _adj. sb._ the sarten = the truth. + _sayment_, 2/50, _sb._ trial, exploit. + _scape_, 81/2327, _prs. subj._ escape. + _schedyng_, 19/516, _sb._ separation. + _scheff-chambyr_, 26/718, _sb._ chief-chamber, first rank-chamber. + _scheld_, 21/578, _vb._ to shelter. + _schere_, 21/556, _vb._ to shear, to cut. + _schope_, 21/567, _pr. s._ created. + _schowt_, 21/570, + _schoute_, 61/1751, 65/1877, _s._; _schuot_, 22/594, _vb._ to shout. + _season_, 75/2157, _sb._ court. + _see-fome_, 75/2165, _sb._ sea-foam. + _sege_, 77/2204, _sb._ siege. + _sekyrnes_, 30/835, _sb._ surety. + _semled_, 85/2445, _pr. pl._ assembled. + _sete_, 33/922, _sb._ city. + _seth_, 74/2141, _conj._ since. + _sett_, 41/1152, _pr. s._ sat. + _sewe_, 4/89, _vb._ to look at. + _shipped_, 45/1260, _pr. s._ 46/1318, _pr. pl._ shypped, + _pp._ embarked. + _shone_, 40/1117, _sb. pl._ shoes. + _side lokyng_, 57/1637, _sb._ side-glance. + _siEed_, 79/2288, _pr. s._ sighed. + _simarr_,* 47/1338, _sb._ cloak; see the note. + _slade_, 58/1660, _sb._ slade. + _slon_,* 16/458, _sb._ sloe. + _smote_, 76/2185; + _smote adown_, 77/2203, _pr. s._ cast anchor. + _solasyd_, 24/657, _pr. s._ solaced, comforted. + _solemnite_, 56/1591, _sb._ pride. + _sotell_, 61/1761, _adj._ subtle, sly. + _sownyng_, 49/1400, 62/1782, 90/2615, _sb._ swooning. + _sparid_, 73/2096, _pr. pl._ barred, blocked up. + _sped_, 3/70, _prs. conj._ speed. + _spent_, 67/1910, _pp._ lost. + _sperryd_, 14/364, _pr. s._ barred, shut up. + _sperrys_, 5/127, _sb._ spire, tree. + _spousage_, 62/1791, _sb._ spousage. + _sprent_, 7/181, _pr. s._ lept. + _spryt_, 7/181, _sb._ pole. + _stad_,* 55/1566, _sb._ stead. + _state_, 60/1729, _sb._ chair of state. + _stere_,* 24/662, _vb. refl._ move. + _steryng_, 62/1785, _p. prs._ stirring, moving. + _stomlyng_, 24/660, _p. prs._ stumbling. + _storrope_, 35/987, _sb._ stirrup. + _strake_, 2/42, _pr. s._ struck. + _styll_, 18/477, _sb._ steel. + _swathing band_, 67/1917, _sb._ swath. + _swowe_,* 20/548, _sb._ noise; cf. the note. + _sybbe_,* 27/739, _sb._ kinsman. + + _takyll_, 49/1402, _sb._ tackling. + _tall_, 26/734, _sb._ tale. + _tene_, 3/73, _sb._ grief, sorrow. + _the_, 2/49, _vb._ to thrive. + _thede_,* 60/1728, _sb._ people. + _thefe_, 46/1292; + _theffe_, 58/1659, _sb._ villain. + _theves_, 61/1760, _sb. pl._ villains. + _thole_,* 17/460, _vb._ to suffer. + _throng_, 38/1057, _sb._ crowd, troop. + _thronge_, 79/2283, _pr. pl._ thronged, pressed. + _tombelyd_, 42/1173, _pr. pl._ tumbled. + _to-sheverd_, 42/1172, _pr. s._ shivered in pieces. + _trast_,* 17/455,? _vb._ to trust. + _trayll_, 46/1314, _vb._ to trail. + _trayn_, 29/803, 51/1455, _sb._ treachery, deceit. + _trompettys_, 29/816, 34/443, + _trumpettes_, 41/1164, _sb. pl._ trumpets. + _trovylld_, 17/452, _pr. s._ travailed, exerted himself. + _trow_, 21/572, _pr. s._ believe. + _trusse_, 13/354, _vb._ to truss. + _trussyd_, 14/371, _pr. pl._ trussed. + _tyed_, 92/2658, _pp._; cf. the note. + _tyght_, 22/589, _adj._ tight. + _tyght_, 25/690, _adv._ in phr. _ase tyght_, at once. + _tymbyr_, 2/40, 81/2349, 86/2483, _sb._ lance. + _tynding_, 42/1181, _sb._ beating; cf. the note. + + _vale_, s. _hede_. + _venturus_, 55/1566, _adj._ adventurous, dangerous. + _vetelid_, 76/2188, _pp._ supplied with provisions. + _victoure_, 83/2411, _sb._ victor. + _vnbrydeled_, 54/1552, _pr. s._ unbridled. + _vnder_, 71/2029, _sb._ noon. + _vndyr-nethe_, 20/542, _prep._ underneath. + _vndertane_, 61/1733, _vb._ to undertake. + + _walloyng_, 7/189, _prs. p._ wallowing. + _wanne_, 62/1767, _adj._ wan, dark. + _ward_, 48/1351, _sb._ warden. + _waried_, 43/1211, 88/2544, _pr. pl._ cursed; + _waried_, 54/1537, _pp._ cursed. + _warne_, 29/795, _prs. s._ deny, refuse. + _water fflood_, 65/1872, _sb._ water-flood. + _watt_, 44/1247, _prs. 3 sg._ knows. + _wax_, 3/73, _pr. s._ became. + _wede_, 2/33, _sb._ garment, dress. + _wekid_, 80/2302, _adj._ wicked; see the note. + _were_, 57/1623, _vb._ to get tired. + _were_, 28/773, _adj._ aware. + _wet-saffe_, 17/466, _pr. s._ vouchsafe. + _wexe_,* 9/237, _pr. pl._ became. + _wight_, 54/1551, _sb._ white. + _wilsom_, 71/2030; + _wyld-som_, 20/535; + _wyldsome_, 19/506, _adj._ wild, desert. + _wis_, 53/1525, _vb._ to show. + _wod_, 14/377, _adj._ mad. + _won_, 4/94, _adj._ one. + _wonande_, 1/14, _p. prs._ living. + _wondyr-thyng_, 2/53, _sb._ wondrous thing. + _wonne_, 46/1295, _sb._ custom, expedient. + _wonne_, 46/1307, _pp._ wont? cf. the note. + _wonne_, 65/1870, _p._ dwelling, living? + _wonne_, 69/1995, _pp._ won. + _wrought vp_, 54/1532, _pr. s._ built up, raised. + _wyght_,* 1/15, 3/60. + _wyt_, 27/749, + _wyhte_, 30/848, _adj._ wight. + + _yare_,* 7/177,* 14/369, 47/1320, _adv._ wholly, yarely. + _yatis gone_, 71/2025, _sb. pl._ footpaths. + _yell_, 46/1305, _vb._ to yell. + _yell_, 52/1487, _sb._ yell. + _yf_, 61/1740, _imp. s._ + _yff_, 70/2009, _prs. conj. s._ may give. + _ylke_, 25/694, 63/1801, _pron._ same. + + + + +INDEX OF NAMES. + + + _Adolake_, 434, the name of a sword; _Adyloke_, 665; _Hatheloke_, 791. + _Adryan_, 927, St. Hadrian. + _Amyas_, 345, a young prince. + _Antioche_, 2229, Antiochia. + _Antony_, 1874, 1940, 1970, 2558, St. Antony. + _Antony fice greffoun_, 1998, 2435, 2476, _TorrentaEuro(TM)s_ son. + _Aragon_, 1114, 1152, 1182, 1212, 1257, 1325, 2110; _Eragon_, 765. + _Awsden_, 1029, St. Austin. + + _Be-gon-mese_, 101, a giant. + _Berweyne_, 344; see _Jakys_. + _Brasille_, 1450, a forest on the Norwegian coast. + + _Calabur_, 847, 907, 952, 1059, 1320, 2113, Calabria. + _Calamond_, 1221, King of Portugal; + _Calomond_, 2116, 2168; + _Colomand_, 2104; + _Colomond_, 1408, 2143. + _Cardon_, 1091, a town in Calabria. + _Cargon_, 1326, a town in Aragon. + _Cate_, 1238, 1254, 1293, 1593, a giant. + + _Desonell{e}_, 109, 382, 446, 450, 478, 673, 795, 859, 985, 1102, + 1135, 1161, 1359, 1393, 1703, 1780, 2006, 2059, 2077, 2092, 2173, + 2401, 2424, 2500, 2509, 2523, 2533, 2587, 2614, King _CalamondaEuro(TM)s_ + daughter, _TorrentaEuro(TM)s_ spouse; + _Dissonell{e}_, 1329; _Dysonell{e}_,A 32. + + _Elyoner_, 347, daughter of the King of _Gales_. + + _Flonthus_, 1005, _Slonges of Flonthus_, a giant. + _Fuolles_, 748, _Slogus of Fuolles_, variation of the former name. + + _Gales_, 346, 408, 417. + _Gendres_, 1747, daughter of the King of Norway. + _George_, 1677, St. George. + _Grece_, 2419, 2434, 2557, 2643, Greece. + _Grekes_, 79, 1282, 2179, 2645, Greeks. + _Gryffen_, 1215, St. Griffon. + + _Hungry_, 970, Hungary. + + _Jakys_, 344, _Jakys of Berweyne_, a young prince. + _Jame_, 744, 788, St. James. + _Jerusalem_, 1897, 1921, 1938, 2236, 2245, 2275, 2426, 2473, 2554, + 2633. + _Jesus_, 134, 274, 537, 540, 675, 996, 1340, 1371, 1382, 1447, 1539, + 1564, 1702, 1799, 1937, 1985, 1997, 2218, 2580; + _Iesu Cryst_, 206, 529, 1275, 1832, 1852, 2664. + _John_, 1884, 2140, 2514, 2559, St. John. + + _Katryn_, 2053, St. Catherine. + + _Leobertus_, 1925, 2246, 2477, _TorrentaEuro(TM)s_ son. + + _Marre_, 85, 624; _Mary_, 136, 1308, 1565, 1646, 1888, 1906, 1946, + 1969, 2098, 2311; _Marry_, 61, 259, 863. + _Mavdeleyn_, 489; + _Mawdleyn_, 505, 737, Maudlin, name of a forest. + _Mownpolyardnus_, 716, the name of a sword. + _Myhell{e}_, 753, St. Michael. + + + _Nazareth_, 465, 2032, 2041, 2389, 2437, 2528. + _Norway_, 1370, 1377, 1412, 1417, 1759, 1781, 2083. + _Nycholas de Barr_, 1337, St. Nicholas de Bari; see the note. + + _Peron_, 1776, 1830; + _Perowne_, 659; + _Perrown_, 412, aA town in Portugal. + _Pervens_, 420, 1095, 1320; + _Pervyns_, 868, 2113, Provence; + _Provyns_, 397, 413. + _Portingale_, 1069, 1346, 2090, 2095, 2593; + _Portyngale_, 1772, 2134, 2176, 2413, 2620; + _Portynggall{e}_, 13, 25, 374, 399, 727, 763, 877, 883, 1255, + Portugal. + + _Quarell{e}_, 2182, 2415, a town in Syria. + + _Raynes_, 2414, a town in Syria. + _Rochense_, 637, a giant. + _Rome_, 12, 118, 187, 190, 198, 558, 924, 1224, 1282, 1319, 1924, + 2183, 2626, 2661. + + _Samson_, 95, Samson. + _SarEins_, 2232, Saracens. + _Sathanas_, 1237, Satan. + _Slochys_, 850; + _Slogus_, 748; + _Slonges_, 1005; + _Slongus_, 967, aA giant. + + _Torrayne_, 26, Touraine. + _Torren_, 343. + _Torrent_, 34, 46, 49, 61, 91, 133, 148, 181, 200, 203, 217, 224, + 230, 252, 280, 295, 302, 314, 392, 399, 432, 466, 470, 477, 480, + 495, 504, 519, 528, 540, 556, 577, 585, 591, 621, 634, 642, 645, + 648, 663, 670, 677, 681, 687, 691, 693, 699, 733, 739, 752, 768, + 772, 819, 824, 825, 828, 834, 839, 843, 852, 877, 883, 896, 946, + 957, 984, 987, 999, 1006, 1021, 1023, 1039, 1044, 1051, 1060, + 1072, 1119, 1163, 1167, 1170, 1176, 1200, 1256, 1263, 1270, 1284, + 1298, 1414, 1434, 1480, 1535, 1699, 1756, 1838, 1903, 2081, 2485, + 2630; + _Terrant_, 142; + _Terrent_, 85; + _Torent_, 157, 205, 756, 784, 1246, 1254, 1278, 1293, 1307, 1317, + 1322, 1325, 1331, 1347, 1355, 1367, 1379, 1391, 1437, 1443, 1494, + 1511, 1517, 1562, 1569, 1598, 1613, 1622, 1724, 1727, 1780, 1811, + 2084, 2097, 2107, 2117, 2120, 2140, 2150, 2155, 2179, 2191, 2197, + 2209, 2224, 2244, 2257, 2263, 2269, 2281, 2330, 2362, 2380, 2478, + 2479, 2482, 2489, 2495, 2501, 2503, 2511, 2534, 2567, 2575, 2603, + 2611, 2617, 2642, 2649; + _Torrant_, 70, 76, 103, 241, 253, 364, 380, 657, 760, 840, 963; + _Tyrrant_,A 18. + + _Velond_, 427, Veland the smith. + _Verdownys_, 305, 341, 410, son of the King of Provence. + + _Weraunt_, 1650, a giant. + + +R. CLAY AND SONS, LIMITED, LONDON AND BUNGAY. + + + * * * * * + * * * * + * * * * * + + +_Typography_ + +In the Notes and Introduction, long vowels were printed with circumflex +Ac rather than macron Ae. This usage has been retained; the circumflex +accent in its own right does not occur. + +In the Introduction, emphasis within italicized passages was shown +either by reverting to Roman type or by printing the words as _gesperrt_ +(extended). For this e-text, the first kind of emphasis is shown in +{braces}, the second with +marks+. + +In the main text, folio numbers were italicized as 85_a_, 85_b_... This +markup has been omitted to reduce visual clutter. + +Loops or flourishes attached to final letters are shown as ~ (tilde +_after_ letter). If you find this distracting, feel free to delete it +globally. The character does not occur anywhere else, and the flourishes +probably do not mean anything. + +The letter aEurooenaEuro with overline is shown as A+- (n-tilde) for better font +support. + +Double aEurooelaEuro in the main text was printed as two laEuro(TM)s with a single +connecting line. They are shown in this e-text as AEsAEs (paired l-bar). +Note that the printers do not seem to have had an italic version of this +letter pair; in the e-text it is shown as italic or roman based on the +surrounding text. + + +_Errors and Inconsistencies_ + +Errors in the main text and fragments are shown at the end of each +stanza in [[double brackets]]. The word aEurooeinvisibleaEuro means that there is +an appropriately sized blank space or extra indentation, but the +character (usually an open single quote) is missing. Unusual spellings +in the Sidenotes are probably attributable to Frederick Furnivall. + +Hyphenization of prefixes in the modern material (introduction, +linenotes, endnotes) does not always match the body text; words are +printed as shown. In citations, capitalization of German is unchanged. + +Commas at the end of Glossary entries are not errors. The letters I and +J are alphabetized together. Initial U is written and alphabetized as V. + + +_Introduction_ + + ASec. 1 + still worse is the fact, that he did not recognize + [comma unchanged] + Footnote 1: ... written down from oral recitation.aEuro(TM) + [close quote invisible] + + ASec. 2 + II. C. d. Tho he be {st}rod anoble {st}ede ... + Torent be {str}ode a stede {str}ong + [body text has aEurooea nobleaEuro and aEurooebe-strodaEuro (both times)] + + ASec. 3 + 1. No part. pres. on-_ond_ ... + [printed as shown at line break: error for aEurooe_onond_aEuro?] + + ASec. 4 + (3) In the Northern collection, pp. lxi and lxiv. HerrigaEuro(TM)s _Archiv_ + [text has aEurooeArchiv.aEuro with superfluous period] + Footnote 8: F. H. v. d. Hagen + [text has aEurooeF. H., v. d.aEuro with superfluous comma] + 10. (... as may be gleaned from l. 2440.) + [final . missing] + + [Eglamour and Torrent, parallel] + _Eglamour_, Linc. MS. Note on 1267: + [line also printed at bottom of preceding page (partway through + parallel passages)] + +_Notes_ + + p. 3, l. 59. ... _The Lyfe of Ipomydon_ + [spelling unchanged; elsewhere aEurooeIpomadonaEuro] + p. 16, l. 429-31. ...--I. Hall. + [error for J(oseph)? normal citation form is aEurooeHallaEuro, without + initial, in small capitals] + p. 21, l. 555. [text has aEurooep. 21.aEuro] + p. 29, l. 819. On the meaning of the phrase aEuro~_the bord beginne_,aEuro(TM) + [close quote missing] + p. 42, ... Cf. _Li B. Disc._, l. 130 f. + [missing . after l] + p. 63, l. 1799. ... To child no wyf + [printed as shown; expected form is aEurooene wyfaEuro] + p. 70, l. 2010. + [aEurooel.aEuro missing] + p. 86, l. 2493. ... XII. und XIII. Iahrhundert + [error for aEurooeJahrhundertaEuro? book cited is not printed in fraktur] + p. 90, l. 2593. ... aEuro~And heom markede forAe', + [printed as shown, with Ae' for expected A deg.] + the later MSS. writes: + [error for aEurooeMS.aEuro _or_ aEurooewriteaEuro] + +_Glossary_ + + _harood_ ... 82/2365, _harroldys_, _sb. pl._ heralds. + [text has 82/2365; with semicolon for comma] + _prekand_, 45/1263, _prs. p._ pricking. + [missing comma] + _rightfull_, 64/1834, _adj._ rightfull. + [printed as shown] + _roall_, 85/2450, _adj._ royal. + [aEurooeadj.aEuro missing] + _storrope_, 35/987, _sb._ stirrup. + _tymbyr_, 2/40, 81/2349, 86/2483, _sb._ lance. + [aEurooesb.aEuro missing in both entries] + _wyght_,* 1/15, 3/60. + [final . may be error for ,] + _wyhte_, 30/848, _adj._ wight. + [text has aEurooe30/548aEuro] + +_Names_ + + _Desonell{e}_ ... 2614, King [text has 2614; with semicolon] + _SarEins_, 2232, Saracens. + [Index has aEurooeSarzinsaEuro but body text has aEurooeSarEinsaEuro] + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Torrent of Portyngale, by Unknown + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TORRENT OF PORTYNGALE *** + +***** This file should be named 35190.txt or 35190.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/5/1/9/35190/ + +Produced by Louise Hope, Taavi Kalju and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +book was produced from scanned images of public domain +material from the Google Print project.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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