diff options
| author | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-14 20:03:13 -0700 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Roger Frank <rfrank@pglaf.org> | 2025-10-14 20:03:13 -0700 |
| commit | 9370280b3d837c0fb9ba7b91ee5229541289d4be (patch) | |
| tree | 76085fc143b96b6bbace64cb7ff0c359b2390881 | |
| -rw-r--r-- | .gitattributes | 3 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 35190-0.txt | 9046 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 35190-0.zip | bin | 0 -> 120054 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 35190-8.txt | 9046 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 35190-8.zip | bin | 0 -> 120057 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 35190-h.zip | bin | 0 -> 154975 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 35190-h/35190-h.htm | 14784 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 35190-h/images/microline.png | bin | 0 -> 229 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 35190-h/images/torrent1.png | bin | 0 -> 1925 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 35190-h/images/torrent_i.png | bin | 0 -> 2561 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | 35190.txt | 9046 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | 35190.zip | bin | 0 -> 120317 bytes | |||
| -rw-r--r-- | LICENSE.txt | 11 | ||||
| -rw-r--r-- | README.md | 2 |
14 files changed, 41938 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/35190-0.txt b/35190-0.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..b04139e --- /dev/null +++ b/35190-0.txt @@ -0,0 +1,9046 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Torrent of Portyngale, by Unknown + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Torrent of Portyngale + +Author: Unknown + +Editor: Erich Adam + +Release Date: February 17, 2011 [EBook #35190] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TORRENT OF PORTYNGALE *** + + + + +Produced by Louise Hope, Taavi Kalju and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +book was produced from scanned images of public domain +material from the Google Print project.) + + + + + +[Transcriber’s Note: + +This e-text includes characters that require UTF-8 (Unicode) file +encoding: + + ȝ (yogh) + ƚƚ (l with line: see typograpic notes) + ŷ æ̂ (vowels with less common diacritics: only in the Introduction) + +If any of these characters do not display properly, or if the +apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, +make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set +to Unicode (UTF-8). You may also need to change the default font. As a +last resort, use the Latin-1 version of the file instead. + +All footnotes are shown immediately after their referring paragraph. +Except in the Introduction, footnotes are identified by section: T1, +T2... (Torrent, main text), F1 (Fragments) and N1 (Notes). + +The main text is shown stanza by stanza. Sidenotes are grouped at the +beginning of the stanza, linenotes and numbered footnotes (rare) at the +end. Headnotes that originally came at mid-stanza have been moved to the +following stanza break. + +Italics representing expanded abbreviations are shown in {braces}. In +the “Metre and Versification” section of the introduction, emphasis +within italicized text is shown the same way. Emphasized words are +shown with +marks+. Typographic details are given at the end of the +e-text. + +Errors and anomalies in the main text are shown in [[double brackets]] +immediately after the linenotes for each stanza. Other errors are listed +at the end of the e-text. + +Except for brackets enclosing linenotes and errata, all brackets are +in the original. Line numbers in brackets are explained in the +Introduction.] + + + + + Torrent of Portyngale. + + + Early English Text Society. + Extra Series, No. LI. + 1887. + + + + + Berlin: Asher & Co., 5, Unter Den Linden. + New York: C. Scribner & Co.; Leypoldt & Holt. + Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co. + + + + + TORRENT OF PORTYNGALE. + + + Re-Edited + + From the Unique MS. in the Chetham Library, Manchester, + + by + + E. ADAM, Ph.D. + + + London: + Publisht for the Early English Text Society + By N. Trübner & Co., 57 & 59, Ludgate Hill. + MDCCCLXXXVII. + + + + + DEDICATED + + TO MY TEACHER AND HELPER, + + PROF. E. KÖLBING, Ph.D. + + + +Extra Series.+ + LI. + Richard Clay & Sons, Limited, London & Bungay. + + + * * * * * + * * * * + + Torrent of Portyngale. + + * * * * + * * * * * + + +INTRODUCTION. + + § 1. _The MS. and Halliwell’s edition_, p. v. + + § 2. _Metre and Versification_, p. vi. + + § 3. _Dialect_, p. x; + _short vowels_, p. xi; + _long vowels_, p. xii; + _inflexions_, p. xiii. + + § 4. a. _The contents of the Romance_, p. xvi; + b. _its character_, p. xx; + c. _Origin of the story of Torrent_, p. xxi; + d. _Legend of Eustache or Plasidas_, p. xxii; + e. _Sir Isumbras_, p. xxiv; + f. _Romances of Octavian_, p. xxv; + g. _Sir Eglamour_, p. xxvi; + h. _Comparison of Torrent and Eglamour_, p. xxvii; + i. _the 2 Romances independent_, p. xxx. + + § 5. _Arrangement of this Edition_, p. xxxii. + + +§ 1. The manuscript from which the following romance of _Sir Torrent of +Portugal_ is taken, is a folio volume on paper, of the fifteenth +century, preserved in the Chetham Library at Manchester. + +A description of this volume is given by Halliwell in his _Account of +the European MSS. in the Chetham Library at Manchester_, Manchester, +1842, page 16, and by Prof. Koelbing in his _Englische Studien_, vii. +195. The only edition of this romance that we have hitherto had was done +by Halliwell. As he had, besides his own transcript, another copy made +by Madden, his text is a pretty accurate one, and therefore the results +of Prof. Koelbing’s collation, printed in his _Englische Studien_, vii. +344 ff., concern, for the most part, things of little importance, except +one very curious passage, l. 88, where Halliwell renders the quite +correct reading of the MS., _p la more de dewe_ = _par l’amour de dieu_, +by _Pericula more bedew[n]e_. Also, from l. 1720, the counting of the +lines is wrong by 100 lines. + +A few short fragments of a printed edition were found by Halliwell in +the Douce Collection, Bodleian Library, Oxford, and added to his work as +an Appendix. They contain the following passages of the MS.: + + Fragment III. = lines 462-489. + „ II. = „ 492-520. + „ VI. = „ 820-851. + „ V. = „ 917-948. + „ IV. = „ 949-970. + „ I. = „ 1807-1866. + +A seventh fragment, of which not much more than the rhyming words are +preserved, was omitted by Halliwell, and was printed for the first time +in Prof. Koelbing’s collation. + +This Chetham MS. contains the romance in a very debased and corrupt +form, so that the original reading in many passages can hardly be +recognized.[1] The scribe, who copied the poem from an older MS., lived +(no doubt) at a far later period than the poet; he did not therefore +understand a great many old expressions, and these he used to supplant +by words of his own; he also transposed and even omitted many lines, and +spoiled the rhyme, because he had not the slightest idea of the nature +of the stanza in which the poem is composed. Halliwell did not trouble +himself about the restoration of the true readings; he merely reproduced +the traditional text, even where it would have been very easy to do +more, though many passages are hopelessly corrupt; still worse is the +fact, that he did not recognize the metre as the tail-rhymed twelve-line +stanza, for he prints six-line stanzas. + + [Footnote 1: Halliwell says, Preface v f.: ‘It is very incorrectly + written, and the copy of the romance of Torrent of Portugal, which + occupies 88 pages of the book, contains so many obvious blunders + and omissions, that it may be conjectured with great probability + to have been written down from oral recitation.’] + +In consequence, the whole of the philological work on the text had still +to be done, and a new edition was plainly necessary; the more that this +poem, though not written in the best period of romance poetry, treats of +a legendary subject widely spread in the Middle Ages, and is nearly +related to another poem, _Syr Eglamour of Artois_. + + +§ 2. METRE AND VERSIFICATION. + +As I mentioned before, the romance of _Sir Torrent_ is composed in the +well-known tail-rhymed twelve-line stanza, and belongs to that class of +it in which the first and the second couplets have different +rhyme-sounds (cf. Koelbing, _Amis and Amiloun_, p. xiv ff.). Only the +incompleteness of many stanzas, and the many defects in reference to the +rhyme, can excuse Halliwell for not apprehending the character of the +metre. As to the structure of the eight lines of the four couplets, each +contains (or at least ought to contain) four accents, the _caudæ_ three; +but as we, unfortunately, possess only one MS., a conclusive statement +on this point is impossible. There is no doubt about the fact that +neither the really incorrect rhymes nor the wanting of them can be due +to the author of the poem: even when romance poetry was decaying, the +poets were fairly perfect rhymers: with all deficiencies in this +department, the copyists are to be charged. + +_Consonant_ rhymes (s. _Schipper Altengl. Metrik_, p. 299) are found +in _Torrent_ in the following passages: l. 141 _rode--rode_ ags. +_rôd--râd_. 450 _the--the_ ags. _þeón--þe_. 1558 _indede--dede_. 2205 +_lay--lay_, _sg.--plr. prt._ + +_Identical_ rhymes are frequent, especially in the _caudæ_: 81 +_stond--stond_. 177 _there--there_. 500 _he--hee_. 1887 _there--there_. +2538 _blithe--blithe_. 39 _take--take_. 342 _bold--bold_, a. s. o. + +_Assonances_: 195 _bon~--Rome_. 518 _undyrstond--strong_. 537 +_name--alone_. 699 _yod--fotte_. 758 _name--tane_. 896 _bryng--wynd_. +1257 _overcom~--Aragon~_. 1768 _man~--cam~_. 2164 _anon~--fome_. 2544 +_sithe--hide_. + +Besides the rhymes we find abundant alliteration, as in most of the +Middle English Romances. On alliteration, cf. Regel, Die alliteration in +Laȝamon, _Germ. Stud._ I. 171; F. Lindner, The alliteration in Chaucer’s +Canterbury Tales, _Essays on Chaucer_, Pt. III., p. 197 ff. Koelbing, +_Sir Tristrem_, p. xxxvii, and _Amis and Amiloun_, p. lxvi. Lindner as +well as Koelbing has adopted Regel’s classification, and so shall I. The +most frequent is two alliterative words in one verse; they can be +classed in the following way:-- + +I. A. The same word is repeated in two succeeding lines; v. 456 f.: +_Forthe sche browght a {whyt} sted, As {whyt} as the flowyr in~ med_; +v. 618 f.: _In IV {quarters} he hym drowe, And euery {quarter} vppon a +bowe_. v. 2026 f.: _But ran into a {wilde}rnes Amongist beests that +{wyld} wes_. v. 2465 f.: _They axid {hors} and armes bryght, to +{hors}bak went thay in ffere_. + +B. _Alliterative combinations, one part of which is a proper name._ +_Torrent_ is several times combined with the verb _take_; 26: _Towarde +hym he {t}akythe {T}orrayne_; 224: _{T}orrent thether {t}oke the way_; +519: _{T}orrent {t}oke a dulful wey_; 2269: _Whan sir {T}orent was +{t}akyn~ than~_; 91: _Now, be my {t}rowthe, seyd {T}orent than~_; 1161: +_Alas, said {D}esoneƚƚ the {d}ere_; 2523: _As was {d}ame {D}esoneƚƚ_; +1906 = 1946 = 1969: _{M}ary {m}yld. To {s}end unto her {S}athanas._ +v. 1091: _The {c}asteƚƚ of {C}ardon~._ + +II. A. _Words of the same root are alliterative._ 133: _Torrent, on +{kne} {kne}lyd he_; 671: _That on hys {kne} he {kne}ld_; 2502: _And +{kne}lid on her {kne}_; 205: _Torrent {kne}lyd on hys {kne}_ = v. 528; +881: _And {kne}lyd vppon ys {kne}_; 1883: _She {kne}lid down~ vppon~ her +{kne}_; 2563: _Down~ they {kne}lid on~ her {kne}_; 512: _By {d}ymmynge +of the {da}y_; 1158: _For her love {d}id I never no {d}ede_; 1801: _That +ylke {d}ede, that she hath {d}one_; 1943: _How she {fl}ew in a +{ffl}ight_; 2384: _{Liffe} and {lyv}elode, whiƚƚ I {lyve}_; 233: +_A {lyon~} & a {lyon}asse_; 1671: _For to {se} that {s}elly {s}ight_; +407: _For the {t}alles thou hast me {t}old_; 1466: _And fals {t}alis +hym~ {t}old_; 2578: _Euer we {wiƚƚ} be at youre {wiƚƚ}_. + +B. Relations in which alliterative words stand to each other according +to their meaning. + +_a._ Concrete ideas are joined together because they belong to the same +sphere of life. 2017: _{B}yrdus and {b}estis, aye woo ye be_; 113: +_{b}one and {b}lod_; 21: _{k}yng and {k}nyght_; 83: _And ryche +{c}astelles in that {c}ontre_; 251: _In lond with a {f}yndes {f}ere_; +102: _That {f}yndes {f}are for aye_; 1094: _Both at {k}nyght and +{k}nave_; 584: _Bothe in~ {f}rethe and in {f}eld_; 660: _Stomlyng +thurrow {f}rythe and {f}en~_; 1378: _Both be {h}old and be {h}yƚƚ_; +2398: _{l}ym~ and {l}ith_; 750: _{L}ytyƚƚ and {m}ykyƚƚ, {l}ese and +{m}ore_; 1899: _That was {l}ord of aƚƚ that {l}ond_; 2152: _Loo, +{l}ordys of euery {l}ond_; 2375: _With aƚƚ {m}aner of {m}ynstralsye_; +149: _He reynyd hys {st}ed vnto a {st}ake_; 1065: _{W}aytes on the +{w}aƚƚ gan blowe_; 13: _{w}ater and {w}ynde_. + +_b._ In the same way abstract ideas are connected, so far as they belong +to the same sphere of life. 460: _That {d}ethe ys {d}ynt schalt þou not +thole_; 1600: _Of {d}eth yaue he no {d}out_; 782 = 2062: _{f}eyer and +{f}re_; 2153: _{F}alshode wyƚƚ haue a {f}oule end_; 1988: _{H}elpe and +{h}old I shaƚƚ hym yeve_; 1492: _They {s}at and {s}ong_; 683: _Cryst hym +{s}aue and {s}ee_; 1303: _That he was {s}ad and {s}ore_; 1612: _set +{s}adly and {s}ore_; 335: _God that {s}ofryd wonddes {s}ore_; 322: +_{st}yff and {st}rong_ = 1491 = 2590; 1205: _That {w}ekyd was and +{w}ight_; 1584: _{w}ekyd and {w}ight_; 1849: _Her one child {w}oke and +be-gan to {w}epe_; 1559: _And {w}ot ye {w}eƚƚ and not {w}ene_; 246: +_Sche {w}eppte_, _as sche were {w}od_. + +C. The grammatical relations in which the alliterative words stand to +each other. + +_a._ Subst. and adj. in attributive or predicative combinations. _As +{b}old as eny {b}ore_; _With {br}owes {br}od and wyde_; 142: _hys +{b}ugeƚƚ {b}old_; 307: _In a {d}ongon~ that ys {d}ym_; 82: _My {f}ayer~ +{f}orestes {f}ellythe downe he_; 209: _The {f}eyer~ {f}yld_; 426: +_{gl}emyrryng ase the {gl}ase_; 1592: _{g}ood {g}ate_; 171 = 596: _the +{h}oltes {h}ore_; 1484: _To an {h}ye {h}yƚƚ_; 1183: _{s}ydes {s}are_; +154: _Thowe the {w}ey nevyr so {w}ykkyd were_; 2054: _{w}ekyd {w}eders_; +506: _In the {w}yld-some {w}ay_; 535: _{W}yldsom {w}eyes haue I {w}ent_; +2030: _She {w}ent on that {w}ilsom~ {w}ay_. + +_b._ Verbs or adjectives combined with the adverb or substantive which +contains their secondary adverbial meaning. 1478: _To {b}e here at his +{b}ane_, cf. 1678: _That there his {b}ane hath {b}e_; 1944: _To her +{b}irdus was she {b}oun~_; 2016: _With {b}lis on euery {b}owȝe_; 135: +_That {b}owght hym with hys {b}lod_; 1045: _Thurrow the {b}ody he gan +hym {b}ere_; 1404: _To the {b}ote they {b}are_; 334: _Thus he {c}ovyrd +owt of {c}are_; 27: _That {d}owghtty ys in {d}edde_, cf. 1725; 98: +_With-owt {f}ere that he schold {f}are_; 603 = 977: _Also {f}ast ase he +myght {f}are_; 536: _With {f}yndes for to {f}yght_; 802: _To {f}yght +with that {f}yndes {f}ere_; 1262: _That was {gr}ow both {gr}ene and +{g}ay_; 1060 = 2330: _Torent be the {h}ond he {h}ent_; 270: _That +{m}eche ys of {m}yght_; 713: _That {m}eche wase of {m}yght_; 24: _For +God ys {m}ost of {m}yght_, cf. 1112: _To a {m}an off {m}yght_; 1879: _Vp +she {r}ose ageyn~ the {r}ough_; 2100: _Go {s}ech her in~ the {s}ee_; +2129: _And {s}ett hym~ oute in to the {s}ee_; 2469: _That {s}emely to +{s}e were_; 126: _And {s}ymly was to {s}ene_; 415: _That dare I +{s}othely {s}ey_; 1170: _Torrent {s}ett on hym~ so {s}ore_; 139: +_Serttes, yf I hym {sl}epyng {sl}one_; 181: _Torrent vndyr hys {sp}ryt +he {sp}rent_; 179: _But {st}ond {st}yƚƚ_; 2410: _He is so {st}iff at +euery {st}oure_; 987: _Torrent in~ the {st}orrope {st}od_; 1912: _For no +{st}roke wold she {st}ynt_; 2060: _By a {t}okyn~ I shaƚƚ the {t}eƚƚ_; +2397: _Or {w}alkyd in {w}ede_; 383: _In hys {w}alke ther ase he {w}ent_; +725: _And {w}ent forthe on hys {w}ey_; 107: _And on hys {w}ey gan he +{w}ynd_; 2030: _She {w}ent on that {w}ilsom~ {w}ay_; 989: _ale {w}yld at +{w}yle_; 2088: _In no {w}ise he {w}old_; 1206: _To {w}ed her to my +{w}yffe_; 749: _That {w}yt ys vndyr {w}ede_; 1315: _Aƚƚ men {w}onderid +on that {w}ight_; 33: _{w}orthyest in {w}ede_. + +_c._ Substantives and verbs are combined in the relation of subject and +predicate. 2221: _Down {kn}elid that {kn}yght_; 854: _Whether the {f}ynd +can {f}yght_; 2390: _There that his {l}ady {l}ent_; 2064: _My {l}ove was +on the {l}ent_; 1219: _Gret {l}ordys to churche her {l}ed_; 170: _The +fyndes {sp}ere {sp}arrythe hyme nothyng_; 84: _No {st}on lettythe he +{st}ond_. + +_d._ Verbs and substantives are combined as predicate and object. 2490: +_his {b}ak to {b}end_; 2532: _That {c}outh moche {c}urtesye_; 273: _Thy +{d}ethe than wyƚƚ he {d}yght_, cf. 1043: _Hys {d}ethe to hyme ys +{d}yght_; 1648: _Thy {d}eth now is {d}ight_; 2123: _What {d}eth they +wold hym {d}o_; 161: _My lordes {f}rethe thus to {f}eƚƚ_; 2235: _{F}ound +hym his {fi}ƚƚ off {ffy}ght_; 1743: _The {ff}orward ye to +{f}ulleffylle_; 651: _He {g}athyred svm of hys {g}ere_; 210: _Vpp both +his {h}andes he {h}eld_; 1799: _For Iesu is love, that {h}arood {h}eƚƚ_; +1820: _Whan they {l}ed that {l}ady ffre_; 2080: _{L}eve we now that +{l}ady gent_; 1663: _Ech on other {l}aid good {l}ode_; 1495: _To god +that {m}ade {m}an_; 435: _A gret {m}aynerey let he {m}ake ryght_; 264: +_To hym sche {m}ad here {m}one_; 645: _He {r}awght Torrent soche a +{r}owght_; 1172: _And aƚƚ to {sh}everd his {sh}eld_; 502: _Tho he be +{st}rod anoble {st}ede_; 2482: _Torent be {str}ode a stede {str}ong_; +281: _I schaƚƚ the {t}eƚƚ soche a {t}okyn~_; 2013: _Ne {w}anted she no +{w}oo_; 115: _He that schaƚƚ {w}end soche a {w}ey_; 439: _Hom-ward to +{w}end ther {w}ey_; 2448: _And than~ to {w}end her {w}ay_; 2457: _And to +her logyng {w}ent her {w}ay_; 1544: _Other {w}ayes yf I {w}end_; 207: +_That hathe thys {w}orld to {w}yld_. + + +§ 3. THE DIALECT. + +The stanza of twelve lines was probably first employed in the north of +England; at least it would be difficult to prove the existence of a poem +composed in this metre in the southern part of the country; therefore it +is beforehand probable that the romance of _Torrent_ was composed either +in some part of the Midlands or in the North. In order to determine the +dialect more precisely, we restrict ourselves to a careful consideration +of the rhymes. + +1. SHORT VOWELS. + +Old English _ă_ is (1) preserved before _n_ and _m_: 744 and 788 _Iame +-- +name+_. 927 _Adryan -- +jentylmane+_. 13 _+londe+ -- +wonande+_. 352 +_+stond+ -- +lygand+_. 1128 _+stond+ -- +shynand+_. No part. pres. +on-_ond_ rhyming with an unvariable _-ond_ has been traced out until +now, but 1824 _+wepand+ -- wonde_ (ags. _wunden_) seems to be the first. +2. Changed into _o_. 516 _rome -- +frome+_ ags. _rûm -- fram_. 2446 +_+mon~+ -- done_. 1190 _none -- shone -- +anon+ -- done_. 1257 +_+ouercom+ -- Aragon~_. 1989 _son -- +can+_ (= _+con+_). 2040 _+anon~+ +-- bone_. A curious exception is 1929 _+grame+ (= greme) -- teme -- +Ierusalem_; cf. _Gaw._ l. 312. + +O.E. _e_, the _i_-umlaut of _a_, is preserved: 373 _end -- +wend+_. 476 +_+went+ -- jent_. 924 _teƚƚ -- +hell+_. 1702 _+hell+ -- Desoneƚƚe_. 1798 +_feƚƚ -- +heƚƚ+_. The past partic. of _seón_, _segen_, has been +contracted into _sen_. 1562 _+sene+ -- wene_. + +O.E. _æ_ has become _a_: 45 _+spake+ -- take_. 363 _ffare -- +bare+_. +726 and 876 _+sale+ -- Portynggaƚƚe_. 1074 _passe -- +was+_. 1131 +_+sale+ -- tale_. 1233 _+thare+ -- fare_. 1236 _+was+ -- Sathanas_. 1399 +_care -- +thare+_. 2287 _+was+ -- alas_. + +_æ_ has become _e_: 2026 _wildernes -- +was+_. 764 _derre -- clere -- ++ware+_ (ags. _wær_). 1951 _+there+ -- bere_. 328 _+glad+_ (= _gled_) -- +_redd_. + +_æ_ has become _ay_ by the vocalization of the following _g_: 25 +_+fayne+ -- Torrayne_. 1025 _+may+ -- +day+_, _+wey+ -- +laye+_. 1071 +_+say+ -- +day+_. 2029 _+day+ -- +way+_. + +O.E. _ea_ becomes _o_ before _ld_: 303 _+hold+ -- +bold+_, _fold_ (ags. +_folde_) -- _+cold+_. 422 _gold -- mold, +hold+ -- +told+_. + +_ea_ has become _a_: 399 _Portyngaƚƚ -- +bale+_ (ags. _bealu_). 531 +_+care+ -- far~_ (ags. _cearu_). 1891 _ffare -- +care+_. + +_ea_ has become _e_: 1166 _beheld -- feld -- sheld -- +weld+_ (ags. +_wealdan_). 2359 _preste -- +breste+_ (ags. _bearst_). + +O.E. _eo_ has turned into _e_: 1166 _+beheld+ -- ffeld -- sheld -- +weld_. + +O.E. _ĭ_ is preserved as _i_ and _y_: 51 _+knyght+ -- +nyght+_. 307 +_+dym+ -- +hym+_. 1783 _+myld+ -- +child+_. Only once this vowel has +changed into _e_: 714 _+wret+ -- get_. _i_ rhymes with _e_: 3 _wynde -- +ende -- lende -- ffynde_. + +O.E. _ŏ_ is unaltered: 422 _+gold+ -- +mold+_. 1122 _+gold+ -- +mold+_. + +O.E. _ŭ_ has become _o_: 367 _+dore+_ (ags. _duru_) -- _befor~_. 765 +_Aragon~ -- +son~+_. 1257 _+ouer com+ -- Aragon~_. 1762 _+com~+ -- +kyngdome_. 1801 _done -- +sonne+_ (ags. _sunu_). 2320 _+sonne+ -- +dungeon_. + +O.E. _y̆_, the _i_-umlaut of _ŭ_, has the value of _i_, written _i_ or +_y_: 390 _+kysse+ -- iwysse_. 1564 _tiƚƚ -- +fullefyƚƚ+_, _yƚƚ -- wyƚƚ_. +1740 _evyƚƚ -- +fulle fylle+_. Only once it rhymes with _e_: 1484 +_+hyƚƚ+_ (= _+heƚƚ+_) -- _yeƚƚ -- befeƚƚ -- weƚƚ_, never with _u_. + + +2. LONG VOWELS. + +O.E. _â_ is preserved in the following rhymes:[2] _a._ 39 _take -- ++stroke+_ (= _strake_, ags. _strâc_), _spake -- take_. 97 _+sore+ -- +fare_. 103 _+goos+ -- +takythe+_ (= _gas -- tas_). 280 _wakyn~ -- ++tokyn+~_ (ags. _tâcen_). 334 _care -- +sore+_. 590 _fare -- wher_, +_+hore+ -- care_. 705 _fare -- +gere+_ (ags. _gâr_). 788 _Iame -- name_, +_+bone+ -- schame_. 834 _+ga+ -- ma_. 977 _fare -- bare_, _+sare+ -- +chaffare_. 1143 _glade -- +rade+_. 1238 _Cate -- gate_, _bad -- +wott+_ +(ags. _wât_). 1251 _+brod+ -- made_; cf. 1303, 1306, 1501, 1526, 1604, +1612, 1663, 1669, 1825, 1911, 2178, 2356, 2617. + + [Footnote 2: The rhymes with _tane_ and with _John_ are not + quoted, as these words occur also as _tone_ and _Johan_; they are, + therefore, of no use in fixing the sound of the _â_.] + +_b._ O.E. _â_ has changed into _o_: 16 _sone_ (ags. _sunu_) -- _+gon+_. +141 _rode -- +rode+_ (ags. _rôd -- râd_). 195 _+bon+_ (ags. _bân_) -- +_Rome_. 238 _+wote+_ (ags. _wât_) -- _fote_. 654 _browȝ -- +goo+_. 1062 +_+tho+ -- do_. Cf. 1196, 1226, 1295, 1381, 1809, 1812, 1815, 2013, 2025, +2028, 2037, 2046, 2295, 2298, 2301, 2542. The result is, that in 26 +cases old _â_ is preserved, in 22 cases changed into _ô_. + +O.E. _æ̂_ is turned into (1) _a_: 154 _+were+ -- fare_. 603 _fare -- ++were+_. 1020 _+were+ -- fare_. 2074 _care -- +ware+_. + +Into (2) _e_. 379 _+dede+_ (ags. _dæ̂d_) -- _hed_. 1047 _+were+ -- +chere_. 1053 _sped -- +lede+_ (ags. _læ̂dan_). 1263 _stede -- +wede+_ +(ags. _wæ̂d_). + +Into (3) _o_. 1113 _+mone+_ (ags. _mæ̂nan_) -- _Aragon_. 1384 _beffore +-- there -- +were+_. + +O.E. _ô_ is preserved throughout: 73 _+wode+ -- +good+_. 112 _+rode+ -- ++blod+_. 118 _Rome -- +kyrstendome+_. 313 _+done+ -- +sone+_. + +Before _g_ the vowel _u_ resp. _w_ is inserted: 145 _+browght+ -- +nowght_. 279 _+browght+ -- +thowght+_. 2053 _+sought+ -- +brought+_. + +O.E. _ê_ is preserved: 123 _+kene+ -- sene_. 743 _dede -- +sped+, wede_. +1849 _+wepe+ -- slepe_. 2055 _grene -- +kene+_. 2458 _be dene -- ++wene+_. + +O.E. _î_ is preserved as _y_: 196 _+tyd+ -- +syd+_. 325 _+fyve+ -- ++lyve+_. 777 _+wyse+ -- deuyce_. 900 _+ryde+ -- +syde+_. + +O.E. _û_ is written _ou_ resp. _ow_ in the French way: 921 _renowne -- ++towyn~+_. 978 _+downe+ -- renowne_. 1425 _+nowe+ -- rowe_. 2634 +_+mouth+ -- +couth+_. It has become _o_: 516 _+rome+ -- frome_ (ags. +_rûm -- from_). Cf. 2641 _renown -- +son+_. + +O.E. _eá_ has become _e_: 1929 _grame -- +streme+, Jerusalem_. 2554 +_Jerusalem~ -- +streme+_ (ags. _streám_). + +O.E. _eó_ has changed into _e_: 153 _+be+ -- hee_: 782 _+fre+ -- he_. +888 _+tre+ -- crystyanté_. 1643 _+be+ -- charité_. 1861 _+ffree+ -- +cité_. + +O.E. _ŷ_ remains _y_: 1361 _pride -- +bedsyde+_. 1433 _pryde -- +ryde+_. +1473 _+wyde+ -- pride_. _ŷ_ or _ê_, the _i_-umlaut of _eá_ or _e_, is +found as _e_: 63 _were -- +here+_ (ags. _hŷran_). 235 _+here+ -- were_. +327 _sted -- yed, +nede+ -- sped_. 408 _yede -- +ned+_. 1552 _stede -- ++nede+, indede_. + + +3. THE INFLEXIONS. + +The plural of the substantives terminates in (1) _s_ resp. _ys_: 837 +_+ryghtys+ -- knyghtes_. 1298 _+stonys+ -- nonys_. + +(2) in _n_: 458 _+slon+ -- appon_. 1116 _done -- +shone+_. 1193 _+shone+ +-- anon, done_. + +(3) is formed by _i_-umlaut: _+men+_ 1784, 2282, but 2197 _wan -- +men+_ +(= _man_). + +(4) has no inflexion: 651 _+gere+ -- +spere+_. 705 _far -- +gere+_. 836 +_hend -- +frende+_, _sende_. 1173 _ffere -- +yere+_. 1405 _hend -- ++frend+_. 1556 _+stone+ -- gone_. 2188 _were -- +yere+_. 2194 _here -- ++yere+_. The inflexions of the adjectives have totally disappeared. + +The _infinitive_ ends in _-ne_ or _n_, or has no termination at all. +(1) with _n_: 123 _kene -- see_ (= _+sene+_). 217 _ageyne -- +sayne+_. +262 _fayne -- +slayne+_. 489 _Mavdeleyn -- +seyne+_; 16 _sone -- +gon+_. + +(2) without _n_: 67 _sake -- +take+_. 93 _kynd -- +fynd+_. 148 _+wake+ +-- stake_. 184 _so -- +goo+_. 434 _Adolake -- +take+_. 1062 _tho -- ++do+_. 1762 _me -- +se+_. + +The 2nd person sing. of the pres. ind. occurs only once in the rhyme, +1333 _tase -- +thou hase+, tas -- gas_. + +The 3rd person sing. of the present indicative ends in _s_: 187 +_+tellys+ -- ellys_. 2317 _rose -- +gose+_. 558 _+tellythe+ -- elles_ +(The rhyme shows that _+tellys+_ must be inserted; cf. 103 _gos -- +takythe_, and 858 _gothe -- toke_ = _+gas+ -- +tas+_.) Only once _th_ +occurs: 2047 _Nazareth -- +gethe+_ (ags. _gæð_). On this remarkable form +see Zupitza, _Guy of Warwick_, note on l. 11075. The plural has no +termination: 3 _+wynde+ -- ende -- lende_. + +The _subjunctive_ mood has no inflexions: 70 _+sped+ -- stede_, 3rd +pers. 87 _+blynd+ -- wynde_, 3rd pers. 213 _fyld -- +schyld+_, 3rd pers. +416 _sey -- +may+_, 2nd pers. sg. 584 _feld -- +schyld+_, 3rd pers. sg. +1978 _+saue+ -- haue_; but observe 139 _+slone+ -- none_ and 1839 +_+sene+ -- grene_. + +The _present participle_ ends usually in _-ande_ (_onde_): 13 _londe -- ++wonande+_. 127 _fonde -- +growonde+_. 315 _+levand+ -- bond_. 352 +_stand -- +lygand+_. 358 _vndyrstond -- +levand+_. 1128 _stond -- ++shynand+_. 1280 _+fayland+ -- lond_. 1445 _+fleand+ -- waraunt_. 1452 +_ffand -- +goand+_. 1821 _lond -- +wepand+_. 1899 _lond -- +pleyand+_. +2104 _hond -- +levand+_. Thrice _-yng_ is found: 268 _kyng -- ++dwellyng+_, 1638 and 2568. + +The _gerund_ terminates always in _ing_ (_yng_): 1479 _kyng -- ++ryding+_. 1503 _+comyng+ -- kyng_. 1933 _ryng -- +lettyng+_. 2509 _kyng +-- +lesyng+_. + +Observe the 2nd pers. sing. of a past tense, 1589 _+thou cam~+ -- +slan~_, of a praeterito-praesens, 410 _they -- sey, +thow may+_. 1543 +_away -- aye, +may+_. 2001 _+may+ -- welaway_. + +The _past participle_ of strong verbs terminates in _n_: 482 _+syne+ -- +schene, wene -- clene_. 675 _+slayne+ -- rayne_. 800 _+slayne+ -- +trayne_. 1292 _fayn~ -- +slayn~+_. 1562 _+sene+ -- wene_. 2323 _alone -- ++slone+_. We don’t find one certain instance for the dropping of this +_n_, besides 1678 and 2063 _be_. + +The _past tense plural_ of strong verbs has the same vowel as the +singular: 1452 They _+ffound+_ (r. _ffand_) -- _goand_. 1458 _+began+ -- +gentilman_. 1753 _tong -- +dong+_. + +The 3rd pers. of the present indic. of _to be_ = _ys_ or _es_: cf. 738 +_blyse -- +ys+_. 2413 _+ys+ -- Raynes_. Once _+ys+_ is found as plural: +2524 _+ys+ -- iwys_. The _present subjunctive_ is _be_ through all +persons: 208 _+be+ -- me_, 2nd pers. 614 _+be+ -- se_, 3rd pers. 884 +_the -- +bee+_, 3rd pers. 2017 _+be+ -- me_, 2nd pers. plr. The +infinitive _+be+_ and _bene_: 49 _the -- +bee+_. 483 _+be+ -- see_. 1643 +_+be+ -- charite_. 903 _the -- +bee+_. 1833 _clene -- +bene+_. 2161 +_quene -- +bene+_. 2613 _+bene+ -- kene_. The _past tense singular +number_ is _was_ or _wes_: 247 _alas -- +wase+_. 426 _glase -- +was+_. +771 _pase -- +wase+_. 1873 _wyldernes -- +was+_ (= _wes_). The plural +_were_, _ware_, _wore_, as well as _was_, _wes_: (1) l. 402 _+wer~+ -- +cher_. 1047 _+were+ -- chere_. 1845 _+were+ -- ffere_. 2586 _squiere -- ++were+, here -- clere_. (2) 603 _fare -- +were+_. 2494 _+ware+ -- bare_. +1384 _beffore -- there, +were+_ (= _wore_). (3) 384 _pase -- +wase+_. +1388 _passe -- +was+_. (4) 2026 _wildernes -- +was+_ (= _wes_). 2545 +_wildernes -- +was+_; cf. l. 2584. The subjunctive mood of the past +tense is _were_ and _ware_, in sgl. and plr.: 225 _+were+ -- clere_. 235 +_here -- +were+_. 1696 _chere -- +were+_. 2476 _+were+ -- bere_. 154 +_+were+_ (= _ware_) -- _fare_. 1020 _+wer+_ (= _ware_) -- _fare_. 2074 +_care -- +ware+_. The past participle: 7 _bedene -- +ben+_. 172 _+byne+ +-- seyn_. 2344 _+ibene+ -- kene_. 1678 _+be+ -- crystiaunte_. + +From this inquiry into the sounds and inflexions, the following +conclusions can be drawn: + +The development of _ă_ is of no use in fixing the dialect. Nor is _ea_, +which has become _a_, _o_, and _e_, to be deemed a characteristic either +of the Midland or Northern dialect. Ags. _ea_ occurs as _o_ as early as +1250 in the _Northumbrian Psalter_, and 50 years afterwards in _Sir +Tristrem_ and _Sir Perceval_; even Richard Rolle in his _Pricke of +Conscience_ offers one instance of this change (cf. _Sir Tristrem_, +p. lxix f.). + +The development of the ags. _â_, which we find in 26 passages as _a_, in +22 as _o_, is remarkable. There are only a very few instances of this +change in _Sir Tristrem_, p. lxxi, and in the _Psalter_; and this almost +equal number of _a_- and _o_-rhymes proves evidently that the poem +cannot belong to a Northern country. At the same time, a proportion like +that would be impossible in a text of Southern origin. The same negative +result is to be derived from the fact that Ags. _y_ is always +written _y_. + +As to the inflexions, the plurals of the substantives are formed by +adding _-s_ or _-n_ (_en_), or by vowel change, or they have no +inflexions at all. As for the inflexion _-n_, it only occurs in _slon_ +and _shon_, and of this very word the plural in _n_ is to be met with +even in Northern writers. + +The infinitives both preserve or drop the final _n_, as is the rule with +the Midland dialect; the form of the past participle with _n_ accords +with the use of the Northern writers. + +The present partic. ending in _-and_ and the past tense plurals of +strong verbs having adopted the vowel of the singular, agree with the +North as well as with the northern districts of the Midland, in the same +way as some forms of _to be_: plr. prs. _ys_ and plr. prt. _was_, +besides the usual forms _be_ and _are_, resp. _were_ and _ware_, and the +contracted forms of _take_: 758 _name -- +tane+_. 1095 _gane -- ++itane+_. 1825 _+ta+ -- twa_ (cf. 231, 286, 859, 1333, 1475, 1722, 1733, +2617). + +The forms _thou has_ and _thou may_ point to the West. + +The inflexions of the 3rd pers. prs. sg. are _-th_ and _-s_. In the +western part of the Midland we never meet with the ending _th_, but only +with _s_. In _Amis and Amiloun_, the Eastern origin of which seems to be +sure, only the inflexion _-eþ_ is found in the rhyme (_Amis_, +p. xxx ff.). + +The romance of _Sir Torrent_ seems to be the first document hitherto +considered where both these forms occur, one by the side of the other. +Perhaps this fact justifies us in concluding that this poem was composed +in the east, but on the borders of the west, Midland. + + +§ 4. THE CONTENTS OF THE ROMANCE. + +Before entering on an inquiry into the sources of the romance, it may be +expedient to give a short account of its contents. + + In Portugal once reigned a mighty king, whose name was Calamond. + He had an only daughter, the fair and gentle Desonelle, who was + loved by a young knight called Torrent, son of a Portuguese count. + As he could not win her, save by distinguishing himself by valiant + exploits, he undertook several adventurous expeditions. First he + set out, by the order of the king, against a mischievous and + dangerous giant, whom he found lying fast asleep on a hill. He + roused the giant by sounding his bugle, and challenged him to + fight. Instantly a fierce combat ensued, in which the awkward + giant lost his life. In the giant’s castle the young hero + delivered a maiden, Eleonore, daughter of the king of Gales, from + captivity, and rescued at the same time four princes, whom the + giant had taken some time before and imprisoned in an iron cage. + + After a short rest Torrent returned into Portugal. He was kindly + received by King Calamond, and splendid festivities were + celebrated in his honour. The kings of Gales and of Provence + showed their gratitude by bestowing on him rich presents, among + them a precious sword wrought by Wayland Smith. Desonelle gave him + one of her fine palfreys. Calamond, however, shrewd as he was, and + envious of the hero’s fame, plotted his ruin. He caused him, by a + counterfeit letter of Desonelle, to catch her a falcon in the + forest of Maudlen, which was the haunt of a dangerous giant, + Rochense, and of many wild beasts. Torrent and his squire set out + immediately, but separated on entering the forest, to hunt in the + thicket each by himself. Torrent soon encountered a huge dragon, + and killed it by vehement strokes. The squire, having meanwhile + fallen in with the giant, had been slain by him. The hero, called + to the place by the tumult of battle, attacked the giant, and + overcame him after a hard struggle. He cut off his head to bear + with him as a trophy. He then went into the giant’s castle, where + he found a great many jewels, and a bright sword called + Mownpolyard. Having returned to the royal court, he ordered five + priests to say masses for his squire’s soul. At this very time it + happened that the king of Arragon sent messengers to the king of + Portugal, in order to bring about a marriage between Desonelle and + his youngest son. Calamond would not listen to the advice of his + spouse, that he should no longer refuse Desonelle to Torrent, but + he promised her to the prince of Arragon, and at the same time + sent the hero once more against a giant, Slogus of Foulles in + Calabre. + + Torrent departed well armed, and after a prosperous voyage arrived + in Calabre. There he soon met the giant, who was one-eyed like the + Cyclops, and bore a huge cudgel as his only weapon. Torrent threw + his spear into the fiend’s eye, and thus overcame him without any + long struggle. The king of Calabre graciously welcomed the hero, + and largely rewarded him for the service he had rendered his + country. Having returned into Portugal, Torrent heard that in a + few weeks Desonelle was to be married to the prince of Arragon. + Arrayed in knightly dress, he rode right off to Calamond’s court, + and challenged his rival to fight. After a short struggle he + completely vanquished his antagonist, stretching him on the + ground. The next day, as the king, surrounded by his noble guests, + banqueted in the great hall of the castle, Torrent entered with + the giant’s head in his hand, and harshly demanded the king’s + daughter; he called all the lords to witness of Calamond’s + perfidy. + + The Emperor of Rome now interceded, and it was agreed at his + suggestion that Torrent should fight once more against a giant + named Cate; if he vanquished that adversary, he should obtain + Desonelle and half Arragon. On an isle near the sea-shore the + struggle began in presence of the assembled knights. Torrent + struck the club out of the giant’s hand, put him to flight, and + killed him as he ran away, casting stones at him. Then the Emperor + decided, with the approbation of all his knights, that the hero + had won both the land and the maiden. + + Torrent obtained Desonelle, and rejoiced in the possession of her, + but no solemn marriage was performed. + + Twelve weeks after, he left his spouse, impelled by his venturous + and ambitious mind; for the king of Norway asked him to fight + against a wild giant who had carried off his daughter and was + destroying his castles. Torrent bade his mistress farewell, + leaving her two golden rings as talismans, and set off with fifty + companions. Arrived at the coast of Norway, he and his companions + entered a dense forest, in which a great many wild beasts lived. + His companions, seized with fear, parted from him, and continued + their voyage at sea. They told the king of Norway the false tale + that Torrent had perished on shore. The king then set out himself + to rescue his daughter. Torrent meanwhile encountered a giant + named Weraunt, Cate’s brother, and slew him in a hard struggle, + but was himself wounded. In the giant’s castle he saved Gendres, + daughter of the Norwegian king, and conducted her to her father. + On the road they were met by a large train of gallant knights, and + were then convoyed in triumph to the king’s court. There Torrent + soon recovered from his wounds, and was amply rewarded with + honours and presents. He stayed above twelve months at the + Norwegian court. The false companions of Torrent were drowned in + the sea by the king’s command, but one squire escaped to Portugal, + and reported the tidings that Torrent yet remained in Norway. Soon + after, as Desonelle was delivered of twins, the hatred of Calamond + suddenly broke out against her. By his order, Desonelle and her + two children were put to sea in a small boat; but a favourable + wind saved them from ruin, and drove the boat upon the coast of + Palestine. As she, helpless, wandered about the downs, a huge + dragon (griffin or gripe) appeared, and seized one of her + children, and immediately after a wild leopard dragged away the + other. With submission she suffered her miserable fate, relying on + the help of the Holy Virgin. + + The king of Jerusalem, just returning from a voyage, happened to + find the leopard with the child, which he ordered to be saved and + delivered to him. Seeing from the foundling’s golden ring that the + child was of noble descent, and pitying its helpless state, he + took it into his palace, and brought him up as his own son (as it + were) at his court. The child was named Leobertus. + + The dragon or gripe with the other child was seen by a pious + hermit, St. Antony, who, though son of the king of Greece, had in + his youth forsaken the world. Through his prayer St. Mary made the + dragon put down the infant; Antony carried him to his father, who + adopted him and ordered him to be baptized. He was named Antony + fice Greffoun (Antony, son of the griffin or gripe). + + Desonelle wandered up and down, after the loss of her children, + till she happened to meet the king of Nazareth hunting. He, + recognizing her as the king of Portugal’s daughter, gave her a + kind welcome and assistance. At his court she lived several years + in happy retirement. Torrent returned at length into Portugal, + notwithstanding all the entreaties of the Norwegian king that he + would dwell in Norway somewhat longer. At his arrival, King + Calamond took refuge in his stronghold, and greeted him from + thence with scornful words. Torrent, after having summoned his + friends from Arragon, Provence, and Calabre, conquered the castle, + and took Calamond prisoner. The traitor was sent out to sea in a + leaky boat, and perished. + + In his stead, Torrent was elected king by all the noblemen of the + empire, and took the crown. But forty days after this, he quitted + his realm, having intrusted two knights with its government, and + passed to the Holy Land at the head of a large force. There he + fought fifteen years against the infidels, conquered several + towns, and got immeasurable treasures as booty. The king of + Jerusalem, hearing about Torrent’s deeds, and anxious for his own + security, sent his son Leobertus, with an army of 50,000 men, + against Torrent. A pitched battle began, but it was for a long + time doubtful to which side victory would incline, till at last + the two chiefs encountered. The son vanquishing his father decided + the fate of the battle. Torrent was conveyed as a prisoner to + Jerusalem, and thrown into a dungeon. There he lay above a year, + till he was once overheard complaining his misfortunes by his son, + who, touched with pity, prevailed upon the king to set Torrent at + liberty. In this new state Torrent soon found an opportunity to + show his valour and skill in arms, when a grand tournament was + held at Jerusalem. There he proved sole victor over all the + knights, and got the chief prize. The king of Nazareth, who had + assisted at this joust, telling his folk at home who had won the + prize, described the arms and escutcheon of the valiant knight. By + these Desonelle recognized her beloved spouse. At her request the + king called princes and knights from all parts of the world to a + great tournament. The kings of Jerusalem, Greece, Leobertus, + Antony fice Greffoun, and Torrent answered the call. Before an + illustrious assembly of mighty princes and noble ladies, all of + whom were surpassed by Desonelle in beauty and grace, the + tournament began. Leobertus and Antony excelled in it, but the + chief was Torrent, who performed wonders in the joust, vanquishing + all valiant adversaries. The next morning Desonelle could no + longer brook reserve, and was about to discover herself to + Torrent; but overwhelmed with joy she fainted, when she had + scarcely uttered the first words of greeting. It was not till + midday that she was able to tell Torrent and the other knights her + fates and those of her children. Then parents and children + passionately embraced on recognizing each other. At Torrent’s + request, all of them, with the kings of Nazareth, Jerusalem, and + Greece, and many attendants, sailed for Portugal. There the + nuptials of Torrent with Desonelle were celebrated with a great + round of splendid festivities. Torrent was finally elected Emperor + of Rome, and reigned a long time gloriously. He lies there buried + in a fair abbey. + + A benediction finishes the romance. + +If we take a survey of the poem, we shall recognize in its conception a +harmonious plan and a certain unity of action, which, as in most of the +romances, is founded on the hero and the interest he affects us with +(See Ten Brink, _Engl. Literat._, I. p. 317). In the centre of the +action is placed Torrent’s love of Desonelle; for all the various +combats that he undertakes against dragons and giants, against the +prince of Arragon and King Calamond, are undertaken solely to gain him +Desonelle. Even his expedition against the infidels and the fighting +with his son are designed by Providence to make him find again his lost +love. Halliwell (Preface, p. vii), therefore, is not right in deeming +the romance ‘a rambling poem of adventures without much plot.’ The +length and tediousness of the episodes may have prevented him from +recognizing the unity of the whole. At the same time, however, it must +be admitted that the poem cannot rank with the masterpieces of romantic +poetry written in the same metre, like _Amis and Amiloun_, _Ipomadon_, +_Kyng of Tars_, _Octavian_, either in the invention of plot or in the +dissection of passions. The diction is so swelled with stereotyped +phrases, and so surfeited with trivialities, that we may justly suppose +the poem to have been composed at a period when romantic poetry had +passed its best time, and had begun to decay. As to the authorship of +the poem, it was probably composed by a monk. It is an easy thing to +show peculiarities in the course of the story which are essentially +monkish. As the romance begins and ends with a benediction, in the same +way each deed and each adventure of the hero is introduced and finished +by long prayers. Moreover, the poet points frequently to a direct +interposition of Heaven (ll. 675, 1568, 1948); he describes the anguish +and sorrow that Desonelle feels about her children’s baptism (ll. +1892-1896 and 2074-76); he mentions emphatically Communion and +Confession (1272 and 2139), Masses (756 and 813); he finally praises the +Emperor for founding churches and abbeys (l. 2658). On the other side, +we find very few of those marks which characterize the works of +minstrels: the poet seldom predicts the fates of his heroes to excite +the attention of his auditors; he mentions only by the way the +performances of the gleemen, and nowhere speaks of the rewards that they +get. + +Passing to a special inquiry into the origin of the story of Torrent, +I cannot persuade myself that it is of the poet’s own invention, as that +would be the only instance of a Middle-English romance not being taken +from foreign originals (except, of course, Chaucer’s _Sir Thopas_, which +was written to ridicule this whole branch of poetry), whilst slight +alterations or additions were frequently introduced by the translators. +A French original of the romance is supposed by Halliwell to have +existed (Preface, vi). He says, ‘It is probably, like the second copy of +the romance of Horn, a modernized version of an older English romance, +which was itself translated from the French. I have not been able to +discover any traces of the French original, but there are some singular +allusions to its origin in the poem itself. I allude to the frequent +references to the _Book of Rome_.[3] This term was applied to the French +language, in which most of the old romances were originally written.’ As +for me, I don’t think that we can much rely upon references of this +kind, because they are common to all of these Middle-English romances. +Of a somewhat greater weight is perhaps the fact that one or two of the +proper names are French; and even the oath, ‘par l’amour de dieu,’ is +worth mentioning. After all, there is no evident proof as to the French +origin. But there is no doubt that the story of Torrent in its principal +features--the adversities of a family separated by misfortunes, the +mother robbed of her children by wild beasts, at last united +again--proceeded from the old Eustache legend.[4-5] Therewith another +motive is combined, that of the woman innocently condemned, on which +motive a large stock of legends is founded; for instance, those of +Crescentia, Sibilla, Oliva, Genovefa, Griseldis and Octavian legends. +Upon this motive and its old origin from India, see Streve, ‘The +Octavian legend,’ _Erlangen Dissert._, 84. + + [Footnote 3: On this term see _Octavian_, ed. Sarrazin, + p. xxxviii.] + + [Footnote 4: See Warton’s opinion upon the legendary origin of + many romances, _History of Engl. Poetry_, London, 1824, I. + p. ccxliv: ‘Many romances were at first little more than legends + of devotion, containing the pilgrimage of an old warrior. At + length, as chivalry came into vogue, the youthful and active part + of the pilgrim’s life was also written. The penitent changed into + the knight-errant.’ Sometimes, of course, the opposite change may + have taken place, as for instance is probably the case with the + story of the two faithful friends, Amis and Amiloun (cf. Koelbing, + _Amis_, p. lxxxi), and with the story of Robert the Devil (cf. + _Sir Gowther_, ed. Breul, p. 74).] + + [Footnote 5: See the edition of _The worthie Hystorie of + Plasidas_, 1566, by H. H. Gibbs, for the Roxburghe Club, 1873.] + +I will consider first the legend of Eustache in its original version. +According to the Greek Martyr Acts, which were probably composed in the +eighth century, this saint was before his baptism a captain of Trajan, +named Placidus. As he one day hunted in the forest, the Saviour appeared +to him between the antlers of a hart, and converted him. Placidus +changed his name into Eustache, when he was baptized with his wife and +sons. God announced to him by an angel his future martyrdom. Eustache +was afflicted by dreadful calamities, lost all his estate, and was +compelled to go abroad as a beggar with his wife and his children. As he +went on board a ship bound for Egypt, his wife was seized by the +shipmaster and carried off. Soon after, when Eustache was travelling +along the shore, his two children were borne away by a lion and a +leopard. Eustache then worked for a long time as a journeyman, till he +was discovered by the Emperor Trajan, who had sent out messengers for +him, and called him to his court. Reappointed captain, Eustache +undertook an expedition against the Dacians. During this war he found +his wife in a cottage as a gardener,--the shipmaster had fallen dead to +the ground as he ventured to touch her,--and in the same cottage he +found again his two sons as soldiers: herdsmen had rescued them from the +wild beasts, and brought them up. Glad was their meeting again! But as +they returned to Rome, they were all burnt in a glowing bull of brass by +the Emperor’s order, because they refused to sacrifice to the heathen +gods. + +This legend, which reminds us at once of the story of Job, has been +incorporated in almost all mediæval collections of legends, and upon it +are founded some mediæval poems, which are enumerated by H. Knust in his +splendid work _Dos Obras Didácticas y dos Leyendas_, Madrid, 1878; cf. +R. Köhler, _Zeitschrift für rom. phil._ III, p. 272 ff., Varnhagen, +_Anglia_, III, p. 399 ff.; two latin versions are edited by the same, +_Zeitschrift für deutsches Alterthum_ XXIV, p. 241 ff., and XXV, +p. 1 ff. + +English legends of Eustache are to be found + +(1) In Ælfric’s _Passiones Martyrum_; see Horstmann, _Altenglische +Legenden_, Second series, Heilbronn, 1881, p. xli. + +(2) In the South-English collection, _l.c._ p. xlviii. + +(3) In the Northern collection, pp. lxi and lxiv. Herrig’s _Archiv_ 57, +p. 262 ff. + +(4) In the Scottish collection of legends, said to be Barbour’s. Cf. +Barbour’s _Legendensammlung_, ed. C. Horstmann, Heilbronn, 82, ii. +p. 12. + +(5) In the old Engl. translation of the _Legenda aurea_, see Horstm., +_l.c._, p. cxxxv. Caxton’s edition of the legend, No. 196. + +(6) The complete text of the legend printed in Horstmann’s +above-mentioned collection, _Altengl. Legendensamml._, p. 211 ff. + +(7) _St. Eustas_, by I. Partridge, see Gibbs’ above-mentioned edition, +and Horstm., _l.c._ p. 472 ff. + +With this legend are connected, more or less, the following poems, which +it is necessary to speak of in turn: + +(1) The Pseudo-Chrestien epic poem, _Guillaume d’Engleterre_.[6] + + [Footnote 6: _Guill. d’Engleterre_, ed. Fr. Michel, _Chron. + Anglo-Norm._, III. 39-172. On the authorship of this poem see C. + Hofmann, _Sitzungsberichte der Münch. Akad._, 1870, II. p. 51, and + P. Meyer, _Romania_, VIII. p. 815 f.] + +(2) The two Middle High German poems, _Die gute Frau_,[7] and (3) _Der +Graf von Savoyen_.[8] + + [Footnote 7: _Die gute Frau_, ed. E. Sommer in Haupt’s + _Zeitschrift für deutsches Alterthum_, II. 389.] + + [Footnote 8: _Der Graf v. Savoyen_, ed. F. H. v. d. Hagen, + _Minnesinger_, IV. 640, and Eschenburg, _Denkmäler altdeutscher + Dichtkunst_, Bremen, 1799.] + +(4) The romances of _Isumbras_; (5) of _Octavian_; (6) last, _Syr +Eglamour of Artois_, and (7) _Sir Torrent of Portugal_. + +The first five have been treated by Holland in his book, _Chrestien de +Troies_, Tübingen, 1854. + +According to Holland’s opinion, all of these are derived from the legend +of Eustache. He has not exactly inquired into each of them, but +restricts himself to a detailed account of their contents. A critical +inquiry into these poems, except the romance of _Octavian_, has been +recently published by J. Steinbach: _Der einfluss des Crestien de Troies +auf die altenglische literatur_. Leipzig, 1886, p. 41 ff. As to the +French and the two German poems, it may be sufficient to refer to this +exhaustive essay, since it is only by the same legendary origin that +they are connected with _Sir Torrent_; otherwise they are quite +different. + +But of the English romances of _Sir Isumbras_ and of _Octavian_ it is +necessary to treat more minutely. _Isumbras_ was edited first by +Utterson in his _Select Pieces of Early Popular Poetry_, London, 1817; +secondly by Halliwell in _The Thornton Romances_, from the Lincoln MS. +A. i. 17. A critical edition of this poem has long been promised by +Prof. Zupitza. + +In this romance the legend of Eustache can be most clearly recognized. +Its contents are, indeed, somewhat transformed according to the taste of +the later Middle Ages: the Roman captain is changed into a Christian +knight, who performs wonders in fighting against the infidels; he finds +his wife as queen of a heathen country; they end their lives as mighty +princes, and so on. The legendary style has been supplanted by the +romantic diction,[9] but the leading features remain the same. In his +above-mentioned essay, pp. 46-48, Steinbach concludes, from a detailed +comparison of the contents, that the author of _Isumbras_ did not derive +his story from the epic poem, _Guillaume d’Engleterre_, but from an +original which bore a still greater resemblance to the legend of +Eustache, and, at the same time, contained many of those additions which +are to be found in all versions of the legend. Whether this original was +composed in Latin, French, or Anglo-Norman, Steinbach does not pretend +to determine. + + [Footnote 9: On this text see Sarrazin, _Octav._, p. xlv; he + speaks of “die entstellte, spielmannsmässig zersungene Form, in + der die Thornton Ms uns die legende überliefert. . . . . . + dasselbe Pathos, dieselbe Sentimentalität und Frömmelei, aber auch + dieselbe anschauliche und lebhafte Erzählungsweise (sc. as in + Oct.).”] + +To _Isumbras_ I join a few remarks on the romance of _Octavian_, which +was edited by Halliwell for the Percy Society, _The Romance of the +Emperor Octavian_, London, 1844; and by Sarrazin, _Zwei mittelengl. +Versionen der Octaviansage_, in Koelbing’s _Altengl. Bibliothek_, Band +III. As for its contents, cf. Sarrazin, as above, p. xviii ff. +Concerning the origin of the story, he agrees in general with Holland, +only he shows a still nearer connection between _Isumbras_ and +_Octavian_, taking the former for a mere imitation of the latter. This +opinion, however, cannot be proved. As I cannot enter into detail, +I only observe that the contents of _Octavian_ are a great deal more +complicated and copious than those of _Isumbras_, which is simple in its +plot and style, and shows the nearest resemblance to the old Eustache +legend, whilst _Octavian_ is a refined and adorned version of the +legendary tale with considerable change in the plan. Isumbras, of +course, bears a strict resemblance to Eustache, but not to the Emperor +Octavian, who has but little of the character of a suffering saint, as +he does not become an outlaw himself, nor is to lose his earthly goods. +Even those of his adventures which are conformable to the original--the +separation from his family, the rape of the children, the final +reunion--are exhibited in a different manner. + +The principal contents of the romance of _Octavian_ bear internal +evidence of its later origin, as it treats chiefly of the adventures and +exploits of Florent, Octavian’s son; especially in the second half of +the story, exploits of Florent so prevail that the romance might justly +bear his name on the title instead of his father’s. I therefore believe +that Sarrazin’s opinion, that _Isumbras_ is nothing but a bad imitation +of _Octavian_, is wrong; and I am rather inclined to think the two poems +were composed independently from each other, after French originals, as +is evidently the case with _Octavian_, and probably with _Isumbras_. See +Halliwell, _Thornt. Rom._, p. xviii. Sarrazin, moreover, supposes, +p. xlv, both poems to be due to the same author, in consequence of the +conformity of the dialect and style, and of some literal coincidences. +But the fact that both of these romances are written in the same dialect +is not sufficient to prove the identity of the authors, nor is the +style, which is nearly stereotyped in all of these romances. As to the +literal coincidences, only three of the nine passages quoted by Sarrazin +seem to me to be of any importance. See _Octavian_, notes on ll. 382, +397, 481. But even these only show that the writer of _Octavian_ knew +_Isumbras_, or _vice versâ_. + +As to the relation between _Octavian_ and our poem, these two romances +have no other affinity than the same legendary origin, and the motive of +the woman innocently persecuted, which may very well have been +introduced independently by two different authors. In all other +particulars they are quite different. + +The heroes bear little resemblance to their legendary models; in +_Octavian_ the Emperor of Rome; in _Torrent_ the young, hardy knight who +encounters marvellous struggles to win the hand of his spouse. Also in +the treatment of the other motive, each romance has taken its own +course. In _Octavian_, Florence is calumniated by her mother-in-law; in +_Torrent_, Desonelle is persecuted by her father. The causes are +consequently quite different: there the jealousy of the mother-in-law +against the mighty Empress; here Calamond’s hatred against Torrent. +These differences, now only alluded to, cause a great number of others, +and produce a general difference of the two poems, which renders the +opinion of a nearer connection between them altogether illusory. + +Of all the poems mentioned above, the last, _Syr Eglamour of Artois_, is +most nearly related to _Sir Torrent_, a fact found out by Halliwell,[10] +who, however, thought that there was no necessity for him to prove a +similarity which would be at once detected by the reader; still, he +takes it for certain that the romance of _Torrent_ is younger than and +partly founded on _Sir Eglamour_. As he gives no proof for this opinion, +it will be worth while to enter once more into this question, in order +to see whether he is right or not. + + [Footnote 10: _The Thornton Romances_, p. xxii f. ‘The romance of + _Torrent_ is partly founded upon the story related in _Sir + Eglamour_. The names are changed, but the resemblance is too + striking to have been the result of chance. The treachery of the + sovereign, the prowess of the knight, the indiscretions and + misfortunes of the lady, and the happy conclusion of her + misfortunes, these form the leading incidents of each romance + . . . . there is, perhaps, a secret history attached to the source + of these romances that remains to be unravelled.’] + +Upon it, the MSS. do not help us. The earliest MS. that can have +contained _Sir Eglamour_ is the parchment one of the Duke of +Sutherland,[11] written about the end of the 14th century. The other +four MSS. of it[12] are still later. The only MS. of _Sir Torrent_ +belongs to the 15th century, so that neither of these romances can be +traced very far back. + + [Footnote 11: Cf. Koelbing’s _Englische Studien_, vii. p. 191 ff.] + + [Footnote 12: Cf. _The Thornton Romances_, p. xxv ff., and + p. xxxvi.] + +_Sir Eglamour_ was printed several times in the beginning of the 16th +century, and edited anew by Halliwell from the Cambridge MS. in his +well-known collection. To judge from the numerous readings of the +Lincoln, Cotton, and Cambridge MSS. which he has quoted, the Lincoln MS. +shows best the original dialect, and offers in several passages a +reading preferable as to rhyme and meaning.[13] Even slight differences +in the contents occur now and then.[14] + + [Footnote 13: See the following passages which Halliwell has + quoted in the notes: _Eglam._ 54, 96, 107, 111, 122, 128, 139, + 153, 177, 195, 213, 247, 337, 347, 399, 445, 572, 605, 614, 737, + 740, 765, 858, 883, 945, 985, 1081, 1143, 1206, 1216.] + + [Footnote 14: See _Eglamour_, notes on ll. 1064, 1082, 1267.] + +The metre and probably the dialect are the same in both romances; they +are composed in the tail-rhymed twelve-line stanzas, and written in a +North Midland dialect. In both of them the style is alike swelled with +the habitual phrases; only the long prayers and pious reflections so +frequent in _Torrent_ are not to be met with in _Eglamour_. On the other +hand, the poet is wont to predict the fates of his heroes (ll. 204, +951); he often demands attention (ll. 15, 39, 343, 634, 904); he never +omits, in describing the festivals, to mention the performances of the +minstrels, and to praise the liberality of the lords. These +characteristics render it probable that the author of _Eglamour_ was a +minstrel, not a clerk or monk, as I suppose the author of _Sir Torrent_ +to be. + +I now pass on to compare the contents of the two poems. The principal +features of the plot are the same in both. A young knight who seeks the +hand of a princess engages to win her by valiant exploits. The +princess’s father opposes his wooing, jealous as he is of the hero’s +renown. The knight vanquishes all the giants and other monsters against +which he is told to fight, and at length gains his spouse. A few weeks +after their marriage, he sets out again on adventurous expeditions. +While he stays abroad, his wife is delivered of twins. Her father sends +her to sea in a leaky boat; she lands on a foreign shore, where her +children are carried off by wild beasts; but they are saved in a +marvellous manner, and brought up at royal courts, whilst she herself +lives for a long time at a foreign court. As the hero, when he comes +home again, doesn’t find her, he goes into the Holy Land to fight with +the infidels. After various adventures he finds his wife and children +after a tournament at a foreign court. They return home gladly, and +celebrate their nuptials by great festivals. The cruel father is duly +punished. + +On entering into details, however, we find considerable discrepancies +between the two romances. First, the names are altogether different. +(Eglamour = Torrent. Crystyabelle = Desonelle. Prynsamour = Calamond. +Organata = Gendres. Degrabelle = Antony fice Greffoun.) The stage of the +plot is in _Eglamour_ Artois, Rome, and Egypt; in _Torrent_ Portugal, +Norway, and Calabre. Only the Holy Land is mentioned in both. There the +children are carried off by wild beasts, saved by princes and brought +up; there the hero fights against the infidels. + +The differences of the plot itself are the following: + +1. Eglamour confesses his love to Crystyabelle before his deeds; +a squire is the go-between in his suit; Eglamour finds love in return. +In _Torrent_ Desonelle does not know that she is adored by the hero till +after his first exploit. See ll. 109, 448. + +2. Accordingly, Eglamour, setting out on adventures, receives two +greyhounds and a sword of St. Paul from Crystyabelle as presents, +whereas Torrent gets an ambler from his lady love, but not till after +his first deed. + +3. Prynsamour charges Eglamour with three deeds by which he is to gain +Crystyabelle. Torrent is obliged to undertake not less than five +combats. + +4. In _Torrent_ the combats of the hero are enlarged and adorned by +additions not to be found in _Eglamour_. The latter does not release the +daughters and sons of kings, nor does he find precious swords in the +castles of the giants, nor is he deceived by a king’s counterfeit +letter, which causes Torrent a dangerous struggle and the rivalry of a +foreign prince. Only in _Eglamour_ (ll. 40-48) some knights are +mentioned who came to win Crystyabelle by jousting, but were all +vanquished by Eglamour. + +The greatest differences are found in the second halves of the stories. + +5. Crystyabelle has one child by Eglamour; Desonelle has two by Torrent. + +6. Crystyabelle is driven away into Egypt, where she is graciously +received by the king. Desonelle finds refuge in the court of the king of +Nazareth. + +7. Degrabelle, the son of Crystyabelle, is saved and brought up by the +king of Israel; the sons of Desonelle by the kings of Greece and +Jerusalem. + +8. The father of Crystyabelle is not punished like Calamond in +_Torrent_, immediately after the hero’s return, but he dies at the end +of the poem, throwing himself down from the battlements. + +9. Degrabelle is sent, when fifteen years old, into Egypt by his +adoptive father to sue for a spouse. In a joust he gains the hand of his +mother and marries her. On the very wedding-day the mother recognizes +her son by his escutcheon, and the marriage is instantly dissolved. +Quite differently does the story run in _Sir Torrent_. Leobertus, +fifteen years old, marches by order of the king of Jerusalem against his +father, and takes him prisoner, but at length solicits his release. + +10. The tournament, which in both poems compasses the reunion of the +separated family, is brought on in a different manner. In _Eglamour_ +Degrabelle himself proposes the hand of his mother as the prize in the +next tournament, to which his father comes. In _Torrent_ Desonelle, +hearing of the victories of the strange knight, supposes him to be her +spouse from his arms, and at her request a tournament is arranged. (Her +hand seems to have been likewise the prize, as may be gleaned from +l. 2440.) + +11. At the very end of the poems two slight differences are to be noted: +in _Eglamour_, Degrabelle marries Organata, daughter of the king of +Sidon, whereas the sons of Torrent return into Greece and Jerusalem. +Eglamour is crowned prince of Artois; Torrent is elected Emperor of +Rome. + +From this comparison we may conclude that _Torrent_ is not directly +founded upon _Eglamour_, or _vice versâ_; the differences are too great +to justify the supposition that either is drawn from the other. +Especially is the opinion of Halliwell, which I mentioned above, to be +rejected: _Sir Torrent_ cannot be founded on _Sir Eglamour_, simply +because it agrees more closely with the old legendary tale than _Syr +Eglamour_ does, and has preserved some essential features not to be +found in _Eglamour_, in which these are supplanted by others. Desonelle, +for instance, has two children according to the old legend, Crystyabelle +one; Torrent must fight and suffer in heathen lands like Eustache, +whereas Eglamour appears as a mere knight-errant. Further, neither in +the Eustache legend nor in _Torrent_ do we find the history of the son +who marries his mother, which motive the poet may have taken from the +legend of Pope Gregory, or perhaps from the tale of _Syr Degaré_. + +But how can the resemblance of the leading features and the +discrepancies in particulars be explained? I think the most probable +conjecture is, that an old poem, now lost, existed, with which the +authors of _Sir Eglamour_ and of _Sir Torrent_ were acquainted; but not +having a MS. of it, or knowing it by heart, both of them made up their +minds to rewrite the story in a well-known metre, changing, omitting, +adding whatever they liked, even filling up the gaps in their memories +by invention. Both of them recollected the first half of the story +better than the second. + +That this poem was an English one seems to be shown by a good many +verbal coincidences in both poems; these I accordingly suppose to have +belonged to the lost original. They are, indeed, too frequent to be +counted simply amongst the large stock of conventional phrases which are +to be met with in every poem of this kind. Here they are:-- + + _Eglamour._ + + The boke of Rome th{u}s can telle. 408, 561, 886 + + _Torrent._ + + As the boke of Rome tellys. 187, 924, 1450, 1924 + + Ther ys a jeaunt here besyde, 478 + That sorowe doyth ferre and wyde. + On us and odur moo. + + There ys a gyante here besyde, + In ale thys covntre fare and wyde, + No man on lyve levythe hee. 960 + + And alle prayed for that knyght. 573 + + For hym aƚƚ they pray. 108 + + Alle that in the cyté ware. 598 + + Aƚƚ that in~ the sytte were. 1047 + + Alle that cuntrey was fulle fayne, 640 + That he homeward was comyn ageyne. + + Gentilmen were blith and ffayn~, 1098 + That he in helth was comyn~ agayn~. + + Aftur sopur, as y yow telle, + He wendyd to chaumber with Crystyabelle. 670, 671 + + After mete, as I you teƚƚ, + To speke with mayden Desoneƚƚ + To her chamber he went. 1358-60 + + That lady was not for to hyde, 673-75 + She sett hym on hur beddys syde, + And welcomyd home that knyght. + + The damyseƚƚ so moche of pride, + Set hym on~ her bed-syde, + And said ‘welcom~ verament.’ 1363 + + So gracyously he come hur tylle, 679 + Of poyntes of armys he schewyd hur hys fylle, 680 + That there they dwellyd alle nyȝt. + + Such gestenyng he a-right, + That there he dwellid aƚƚ nyȝt + With that lady gent. 1364-66 + + A golde rynge y schalle geve the, 715 + Kepe yt wele my lady free, + Yf Cryste sende the a chylde! 717 + + Thes gold rynges I shaƚƚ yeve the, + Kepe them weƚƚ, my lady ffre, + Yf god a child vs send! 1396-1398 + + Doghtur, into the see schalt thou, 803 + Yn a schypp alone, + And that bastard that to the ys dere! + + There fore thou shalt in to the see + And that bastard with-in the! 1793 + + Sche prayed hur gentylwomen so free, + Grete wele my lord, whon ye hym see! 826, 827 + + She said ‘knyghtis and ladyes gent, + Grete weƚƚ my lord sir Torrent, + Yeff ye hym~ euer sene! 1837-39 + + Hur yonge sone away he bare. 842 + + A way he bare her yong son~. 1871 + + Thys chylde ys comyn of gentylle blode, + Where that ever that he was tane. 863 + + This chylde is come of gentiƚƚ teme, + Where euer this beest hym~ ffond. 1923 + + Kepe we thys lady whyte as flowre, + And speke we of syr Egyllamowre. 950 + + Leve we now that lady gent, + And speke we of sir Torrent. 2080-81 + + The knyght swownyd in that tyde. 975 + + Swith on sownyng there he feƚƚ. 2093 + + Be the XV yerys were comyn and gone, + The chylde that the grype hath tane, + Waxe bothe bold and stronge. 1018-20 + + And be the VII yere were gone, + The child that the liberd had tane, + Found hym his fiƚƚ off ffyght. 2233-35 + + Yn yustyng ne in turnament 1021 + Ther myght no man withsytt hys dynte, + But to the erthe them thronge. 1023 + + With heve tymbyr and ovyrryde 40 + Ther myght no man~ hys dent abyde, + But to the erthe he them strake. 42 + + Be thre wekys were comyn to ȝende, + Yn the londe of Egypt can they lende. 1057 + + But ore thre wekes were com̅yn~ to end, + To Portynggaƚƚ gan he wend. 373 + + Gentilmen that herde of thys crye, + Thedur come they redylye. 1195-96 + + Gret lordys that herith this crye, + Theder come richely. 2431-32 + + Syr Egyllamour knelyd on his kne, + ‘A Lorde God ȝylde hyt the! 1288-89 + + Torent knelid vppon~ his knee 2575 + And said ‘God yeld you, lordys ffree! + + In swounynge than felle that lady free, + ‘Welcome, syr Eglamour, to me! + + She said ‘welcom~, my lord sir Torent! + And so be ye, my lady gent! + In sownyng than feƚƚ she. 2505 + + _Eglamour_, Linc. MS. Note on 1267: + + Grete lordis thane told scho sone. + + Gret lordys told she sone. 2539 + +Perhaps some more light will be thrown on this question when we get the +much-wanted critical edition of _Sir Eglamour_; but I fear that the +‘secret history attached to the source of these romances’ will even then +remain to be unravelled. What I have proposed has no title to a better +name than a conjecture. + + +§ 5. THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE EDITION. + +As to the only MS. in which this romance has come down to us, I have +mentioned before that it is exceedingly corrupt; many conjectures, more +or less sure, were necessary in order to restore metre, rhyme, and +meaning; the greater part of them seemed worthy to be entered in the +text, the rest being offered in the notes. No attempt has been made to +introduce a uniform character of dialect, considering the quite +unsettled state of orthography in early times. The only exceptions are +where the sounds are fully determined by the rhyme. In general the +orthography of the MS. has been reproduced as accurately as possible. +The contractions used by the scribe are expanded and printed in italics. +At the beginning of a new period, or a proper name within the line, +capitals have been introduced. From l. 1200, where the numeration of my +text no longer coincides with that of Halliwell’s edition, the +line-numbers of the latter are added in brackets. + +The fragments which I have added as an appendix to the text have been +consulted in all cases of difficulty, and proved of no little service in +correcting the blunders of the manuscript; they contain indeed a +somewhat better text than the MS., though they are by no means free from +clerical errors. A detailed comparison gives the following result: + +In fifty-one lines the text of the fragments is evidently correcter than +the MS.: + + _Fragments._ + _Manuscript._ + + The kyng of Nazareth sent hym me, + Torent, I wot-saue hym on the. 466 + The kyng of Portynggaƚƚ seyd, ‘So mot I the! + Torrent, I wet-saffe of the. + + The kyng wolde fayne that he ded were, + And he wyst nat on what manere. 472 + The kyng wolde fayne that he wer ded, + And hym wyst in what maner. + + To Torent that was true as stele, 477 + To Torrent trew ase styƚƚ, + + In what londe that they brede. 487 + In what lond they ne bred. + + He bestrode a noble stede. 502 + Tho he bestrod another stede. + +Cf. 489, 498, 507-10, 512-15, 822, 825, 831, 833, 834, 837, 845, 848, +851, 929, 932, 933, 935, 947, 948, 951, 952, 958, 965, 968-70, 1807, +1808, 1810, 1827, 1828, 1831, 1834-36, 1844, 1854, 1866. + +Forty-eight lines are coincident: 468, 470, 474, 479, 480, 486, 487, +495, 499, 501, 504, 505, 520, 823, 832, 842, 844, 846, 917, 918, 921, +922, 927, 928, 936, 938, 953, 957, 962, 1809, 1813-17, 1819-21, 1823, +1830, 1832, 1838, 1847, 1850, 1851-52, 1863, 1865. + +In ninety-one lines it is doubtful which reading is to be considered as +the original one: + + _Fragments._ + _Manuscript._ + + As they walkyd by the ryvers syde. 469 + Ase the went be the watyres syd. + + Howe he myght hym shent. 473 + How he schuld be schent. + + The kyng sayde ‘what may this be? + Lorde, it is sent to me + For a faucon shene. 483-85 + Syr, he seyd, what may thys be? + Loo, lord, come ner and see + Abowght a facon schene. + + Than sayde the kyng vntrue, + ‘And ye fynde hawes of great value, + Brynge me one with the! 492-94 + And than seyd the kyng ontrew, + ‘Yf thow get hawkys of great valew, + Bryng on of them to me! + + Of thy dowghter hende. 836 + Of yowr dowghttyr hend. + +Cf. 467, 475, 476, 478, 481, 482, 488, 496, 497, 500, 506, 511, 516-20, +821, 824, 826, 827, 829, 830, 835, 838-41, 843, 847, 850, 919, 920, 923, +925-26, 930-31, 934, 937, 939, 940-43, 945, 946, 949, 950, 954, 955, +959, 960-61, 963, 964, 966, 967, 1811, 1812, 1818, 1822, 1825, 1826, +1829, 1837, 1840, 1842, 1843, 1845-46, 1848-49, 1853, 1855-62, 1864. + +In eleven lines the text of the MS. is superior to that of the fragment: + + _Fragments._ + _Manuscript._ + + ‘Ye, by my trouthe!’ sayd Torente. 828 + ‘Ye, be trouthe!’ seyd Torrent than. + + Delycyous notes on hyghe. 944 + Delycyous nottis on hyght. + + Frowarde the se. 956 + Froward the sytte. + +Cf. 488, 503, 820, 849, 924, 1824, 1833, 1839. + +As to the sixth fragment, 1014-36, and the beginning of the first (in +Halliwell’s edition the third), 462-64, in which, as above mentioned, +not much more than the rhyming words are preserved, they have nearly the +same relation to the MS. as the other ones. + +In the following passages they correct the rhymes of the MS.: 1017, +1018, 1028, 1033. Coincident rhymes: 1014, 1015, 1019, 1026, 1027, 1032, +1034-36. Undecided: 1020, 1021, 1023-24, 1029-30, 462-64. The rhymes of +the MS. are preferable in ll. 1016, 1022, 1025, 1031. + +I need only add, that all the discrepancies between the MS. and the +fragments, however numerous they may be, concern, for the most part, +things of little importance; they are caused especially by the frequent +change of synonymous terms, by the difference of expletive words and +phrases, the transposition of words, the change of tenses, and so on. +But as there is nowhere any essential difference to be traced, we may +conjecture with great probability that the early printed edition of the +romance was taken from a manuscript which was pretty nearly related to +the Manchester MS., though somewhat more correctly written. + +I gladly take the present opportunity of acknowledging my very great +obligation to Prof. Koelbing, from whom I have received ample assistance +throughout the whole of this work. It would be absolutely impossible to +me entirely to discriminate his part from mine. He carefully revised the +introduction, notes, and the glossary, before they went to press, and +after they came from it, and he looked several times through the proofs +of the text. Nor am I less indebted to Mr. Joseph Hall at Manchester, +who not only kindly read the proofs of the text with the MS. in the +Chetham Library, but also contributed some valuable notes, which are +marked by his name. The Director has added the head-lines and +side-notes. + + + + +Torrent of Portyngale. + + + Here bygynneth a good tale f. 76a. + Of Torrente of Portyngale. + +(1) + + [Sidenote: + May God give us grace to win Heaven! I’ll tell you of a doughty + knight.] + + +G+od, that ys worthy and Bold, _leaf_ 1] + Heuen~ and Erthe haue In hold, + Fyld, watyr, and wynde, + Yeve vse g{ra}ce hevyn~ to wyne, + And brynge vs owt off Dedly synne 5 + And In thy s{er}uyse to Ende! + A stounde and ye woƚƚ lyst be-Dene, + Ale dowghtty men~ þ{a}t Euyr hathe b{e}n~, + Wher So that they lende, + I Schaƚƚ yow teƚƚ, ore I hense pase, 10 + Off a knyght, þ{a}t Dowghtty wase, + In Rome ase clarkys ffynde. + + [Linenote: + 8. _byn_ MS.] + +(2) + + [Sidenote: + He dwelt in Portugal, and fought well when 18.] + + In Portynggaƚƚ, that Ryche londe, + An Ereƚƚ that wase wonande, + That curtese wase and {wyght}; 15 + Sone aftyr he had a sone, + The feyerest þ{a}t on fot myght gon, + Tyrrant, men seyd, he hyght. + Be tyme he wase XVIII yer~ old, + Of dedd{es} of armys he wase bold, 20 + To felle bothe kyng and knyght; + And now com{m}ythe dethe appon a day + And takythe hys father~, ase I yow sey, + For God ys most of myght. + + [Linenotes: + 15. _wyght_] _Dowghtty_ MS. + 21. _felle_] first _l_ above the line MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT LOVES DESONELL.] + +(3) + + [Sidenote: + The King gives Torrent an earldom, and he falls in love with the + King’s daughter Desonell,] + + The kyng of Portynggaƚƚ wase fayne, 25 + To-warde hym he takythe Torrayne, + That Dowghtty ys in~ dedde; + And ther he fesomnyd in~ hys hond + A good Eyrldom in~ that lond, + Bothe forest and {fede}. f. 76b. 30 + The kyng hathe a dowghttyr {whyte} ase {fame}, + Dys{o}ne{ll} wase her name, + Worthyest in wede. + When Torrent had of her~ a syght, + More he lovyd that swet{e} wy{gh}t 35 + Than~ aƚƚ ys fathyrys l{e}de. + + [Linenotes: + 30. _fede_] _Downe_ MS. + 31. _whyte ase fame_] _feyer ase flowyr_ MS. + 32. _Dyscenys_, MS. + 35. _swete_] _swet_, MS. + _wyght_] _wyte_ MS. + 36. _lede_] _londe_ MS.] + +(4) + + [Sidenote: + and for her, unhorses many knights.] + + For love of thys lady Deyr~ + In dede of armys far and nere + Aventorr{es} gan he take + W{i}t{h} heve tymbyr and ovyr-Ryde, 40 + Ther myght no man~ hys dent a-bydde, + But to the Erthe he them str{a}ke. + Her father and other knyghtt{es} mo + Had farly, how he Ryd soo, + And on a day to hyme spake, 45 + He Seyd: ‘Torrent, howe may thys byne, + That thow Dysp{i}syst thes knyghtt{es} kene + And ordurr{es} non woƚƚ take?’ + + [Linenotes: + 39. _A ventorres_ MS. + 42. _stroke_ MS. + 47. _dysplesyst_ MS.] + +(5) + + [Sidenote: + The King knows that Torrent loves his daughter,] + + Torrent sayd: ‘So mvt I the, + An other sayment woƚƚ I {s}ee, 50 + Ore I take ordor of knyght.’ + Tho he sware be hevyn kyng, + Ther wase told hym a wondyr-thyng~ + In hys chambyr to nyght: + ‘For~ the love of my doughter dere 55 + Thow makyst good far and nere + In~ Dedde of armys bryght; + And wyt thow wyƚƚ, so god me saue, + Thow schalt her~ wyne, yf thow her haue, + Be thow neuyr so wy{g}ht!’ 60 + + [Linenotes: + 50. _And_ MS. + _see_] _bee_ MS. + 60. _wyght_] _wyttht_ MS.] + +[Headnote: THE KING ASKS TORRENT TO FIGHT A GREEK GIANT.] + +(6) + + [Sidenote: + and asks him if, for her sake, he’ll fight] + + Torrent sayd: ‘Be Marry dere, + And I were off armyse clere, f. 77a. + Yowr Dowghttyr me leve were.’ + The kyng seyd: ‘Yf yt be soo, + Ore VII yere be a-go, 65 + More schaƚƚ we here: + Durst thow, for my dowghttyr sake, + A poynt of armys for to take + W{i}t{h}-owt helpe of fere?’ + Than seyd Torrant: ‘So god me sped, 70 + W{i}t{h} anny man~ that syttythe on stede + Other far ore nere!’ + + [Linenotes: + 61. _Marry_] _e_ corrected into _y_. + 65. _a-go_] _a gone_, _ne_ struck out, MS.] + +(7) + + Ther-of the kyng~ for tene wax wode: + ‘Yf thow wylt make thy body good, + Be trew and hold thy cont{ena}nce . . . . . . . 75 + Tho seyd Torrant: ‘So god me sped ere! + And I wyst, in~ what sted they were, + Fore no man~ wold I cha{u}nce.’ + + [Linenotes: + 75. _contnnce_ MS. + 78. _chaunce_] corrected out of _change_ MS.] + +(8) + + [Sidenote: + a Giant in the Greek sea.] + + ‘In to the Grek{es} see a mylle + Ther ly{v}ythe a gyant {in an} yle, 80 + Fuƚƚ Euyƚƚ thow dourst hyme stond. + My fayer~ forest{es} fellythe downe he + And Ryche castell{es} in~ that contre, + No ston lettythe he stond.’ + + [Linenote: + 80. _lyvythe_] _lyghttythe_ MS. + _in an yle_] _mauyle_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS TO FIGHT THE GIANT BEGONMESE.] + +(9) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent agrees to fight] + + +T+errent sayd: ‘Be Marre bryght, 85 + Yt ys gret sorrow that he hathe syght, + The devyƚƚ of heƚƚ hym blynd!’ + The {kyng} sayd: ‘P{ar} la-more de dewe, + Thow darryst fuƚƚ evyƚƚ w{i}t{h} thy Ey hym sewe, + He wold feƚƚ the w{i}t{h} hys wynde.’ 90 + ‘Now, be my trowthe,’ seyd Torrent than~, + ‘Ase I ame a jentylman~, + Yf I may hym fynd, + Won fot woƚƚ I not fro hym pase, + Thow he be stronger~ than Samson~ wase, f. 77b. 95 + Or anny man~ of {hys} kynd!’ + + [Linenotes: + 86. _he_] written above the line, MS. + 88. _kyng_] _knyght_ MS. + 96. _hys_] om. MS.] + +(10) + + [Sidenote: + the Giant Begonmese, and sets out.] + + Hys squyerys, they mornyd s{a}re, + W{i}t{h}-owt fere that he schold fare + To that gret iorney, + W{i}t{h} the gyant heygh for to fyght. 100 + Be-gon~-mese that gyant hyght, + That fyndd{es} f{e}re for aye. + To arme hyme Torrant g{a}s, + Hys good stede w{i}t{h} hym he ta{s}, + W{i}t{h} owt squyer~ that Day. 105 + He takythe leve at lorddys hend, + And on hys wey gan he wynd, + For hym aƚƚ they p{ra}y. + + [Linenotes: + 97. _sore_ MS. + 102. _fare_ MS. + 103. _gas_] _goos_ MS. + 104. _tas_] _takythe_ MS. + 108. _pray_] _prayd_ MS.] + +(11) + + [Sidenote: + Desonell knows not that it is for love of her. God give Torrent + victory!] + + Lytyƚƚ wyst Desoneƚƚ that jente, + For whos love that he went 110 + To fyght w{i}t{h} that knave. + Now god, that Dyed appon a Rode, + Strengithe hym bothe bone and blod, + The fyld for to haue! + He that schaƚƚ wend soche a wey, 115 + Yt were nede for hym to p{ra}y, + That I{es}u hym schuld saue. + Yt ys in~ the boke of Rome, + Ther was no knyght of kyrstendome, + That jorney Durst crave. 120 + +[Headnote: TORRENT SEES THE GIANT SLEEPING.] + +(12) + + [Sidenote: + After 6 days’ ride he sees the Giant asleep.] + + VI days Rydythe he + By the cost of the feyer~ see, + To seke the gyant kene. + By the cost as he Rode, f. 78a. + In a forest longe and brode 125 + And symly wase to se{n}e, + Hey sperrys ther he fonde + And gret olyvys growonde + Coverd in~ levys {grene}. + Sone wase he ware, ase y yow say, 130 + Vppon a movnteyn~ ther he laye + On slepe, ase I wene. + + [Linenotes: + 123. _seke_] _ches_, struck out, _seke_ written over with paler ink. + 126. _see_ MS. + 129. _grene_] _smale_ MS.] + +(13) + + [Sidenote: + He prays for Christ’s help.] + + Torrent, on kne knelyd he + And be-sowght J{es}u so fre, + That bowght hym w{i}t{h} hys blod: 135 + ‘Lord, ase thow dyd {r}yght for Mar{y}, + Let me nev{er} take velony + And gef me of thy fode! + Sertt{es}, yf I hym slepyng~ slone, + Manfuƚƚ Ded were yt none 140 + For my body, be the Rode.’ + Tho Terrant blewe hys bugeƚƚ bold, + To loke that he a-wake wold, + And sythe ner~ hyme Rode. + + [Linenote: + 136. _ryght_] _lyght_ written above the line with paler ink. + _mare_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT WAKES THE GIANT BEGONMESE.] + +(14) + + [Sidenote: + As Torrent can’t wake the Giant with his bugle,] + + So fast a-slepe he wase browght, 145 + Hys hornys blast a-woke hyme nowght, + He swellyd ase dothe the see. + Torrent saw, he woƚƚ not wake, + He Reynyd hys sted vnto a stake, + Ase a jentyƚƚ man~ {so fre}. 150 + So hy, he say, wase the movnteyne, + Ther mygh{t} no horse wynd hym~ a-geyn~ + But yf he nowyd wold be; f. 78b. + Thowe the wey neuyr~ so wykkyd w{a}re, + On hys wey gan he fare, 155 + In~ gret p{er}ayƚƚ went hee. + + [Linenotes: + 150. _so fre_] _in fere_ MS. + 151. _say_] _sayd_ MS. + 152. _mygh_ (!) MS. + 154. _were_ MS.] + +(15) + + [Sidenote: + he stirs him up with his spear, and makes him wild.] + + Torent went to that movnte{y}n~, + He put hys spere hyme a-geyne, + ‘A-Ryse, fellow!’ gan he saye; + ‘Who made the so bold here to dweƚƚ, 160 + My lord{es} frethe thus to feƚƚ? + A-mend{es} the be-hovythe to pay.’ + The gyant Rysythe, ase he had byn~ wod, + And Redyly by hyme stode, + Be-syd hyme on a lay, 165 + And seyd: ‘S{er}tes, yf I leve, + Soche a wed I woƚƚ the geff, + To meve the Euyr~ and ay.’ + + [Linenote: + 157. _movnten_ MS.] + +(16) + + [Sidenote: + The fight begins.] + + Thow the chyld were neuyr~ so y{i}nge, + The fynd{es} spere sparrythe hyme no-thyng~ 170 + I{n} the holtt{es} h{a}ree; + Who had fare and nere byne, + And neu{er} had of fytyng syn~, + He myght a lernyd th{a}re. + The gyant, the fyrst stroke to hym he cast, 175 + His good schyld aƚƚ to-brast, + In schevyr{es} spred wase {ya}re; + Tho covd he no bett{ur} R{e}d, + But stond styƚƚ, tyƚƚ one were ded; + The gyant lefte hym th{a}r. 180 + + [Linenotes: + 169. _yonge_ MS. + 171. _In_] _Ihū_ (!) MS. + _horee_ MS. + 173. _seyn_ MS. + 174. _there_ MS. + 175. _to hym_] written above the line. + 177. _there_ MS. + 178. _he no_] _not he_ MS. + _Ryd_ MS. + 180. _ther_ MS.] + +[Headnote: THE GIANT BURSTS HIMSELF ON A ROCK.] + +(17) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent grips the Giant; they both fall, and roll down the mountain. + The Giant bursts] + + Torrent vndyr hys spryt he spre{n}t + And a-bowght the body he hyme hente, f. 79a. + As far as he myght last. + ‘A! fellow, wylt thow so?’ + And to the grownd gan they goo, 185 + Of the movnteyn~ bothe downe they pas{t}. + Ase the boke of Rome tellys, + They tornyd XXXII {ellys}, + In armys walloyng fast. + Yt tellythe in~ the boke of Rome, 190 + Euyr~ ase the gyant a-boue come, + Hys gutt{es} owt of hys body {brast}. + + [Linenotes: + 181. _sprent_] _spred_ MS. + 186. _they past_] _gan they pase_ MS. + 188. _ellys_] _tymys_ MS. + 192. _brast_] _Rane_ MS.] + + [[spre{n}t _italicized as shown_]] + +(18) + + [Sidenote: + open against a big stone.] + + At the fot of the movnteyn~ + Ther lay a gret Ragyd ston~, s{er}teyn~, + Yt nyhed ys schuldyr bon~ 195 + And also hys Ryght syd, + Ther to that gyant feƚƚ that tyd, + Ase {I} herd in~ Rome . . . + + [Linenotes: + 197 put before 196. MS. + 198. _I_] _he_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT THANKS GOD FOR HIS VICTORY.] + +(19) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent stabs the Giant,] + + Thorrow hyme, that mad man~, + Torrent sone a-bovyn~ wane 200 + And fast he gan {him quelle} + W{i}t{h} a knyffe feyer~ and bryght; + Torrent, w{i}t{h} aƚƚ hys myght + Ther-w{i}t{h} he gard hyme dweƚƚ. + + [Linenotes: + 199. after _Thorrow_, _of_ has been scraped out. + 201. _him quelle_] _warke_ MS. + 203. _hys_] _h_ corrected out of _m_ MS.] + +(20) + + [Sidenote: + and then thanks Christ.] + + Torent knelyd on hys kne, 205 + To I{es}u Cryst p{ra}yd he, + That hathe thys world to wyld: + ‘Lord, lovyd, evyr lovyd thowe be, + The feyer~ fyld thow hast lent Me,’ + --Vpp bothe hys hand{es he} held-- f. 79b. 210 + ‘Aƚƚ onely w{i}t{h}-owt any knaue + Of the fynd the maystry to haue, + Of hym to wyn the fyld.’ + Now ys ther none other to say, + Of hyme he wane the fyld þ{a}t day; 215 + I p{ra}y God hyme schyld. + + [Linenotes: + 210. _he_] om. MS. + 213. _wyn_] _wynd_, _d_ erased MS. + 214. _to_ written above the line, MS. + 215. + _Now ys ther non other say + Of hyme to wyne the fyld þat day_ add. (!) MS.] + +(21) + + [Sidenote: + He sees the sea, and goes to it. Torrent finds the Giant’s castle,] + + Torrent went vppe a-geyne + To the movnt, ase I gan sayne, + The lond{es} to se far and nere; + In the see a myle, hyme thoȝt, 220 + An hold wase Rychyly wrowt, + In that lond wase not here perre. + The see wase Ebbyd, I yow sey, + Torrent thether toke the way, + Werry aƚƚ thow he were; 225 + And ther he fownd Ryche w{on}ys, + Towrr{es} Endentyd w{i}t{h} presyos stonys, + Schynyng ase crystaƚƚ clere. + + [Linenote: + 219. _to se_ written above the line.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT GOES TO THE GIANT’S CASTLE.] + +(22) + + [Sidenote: + guarded by a lion and lioness.] + + T{wo} gattys off yron~ ther he fond, + Ther in~ Torrent gan wonde, 230 + A nyght{es} Rest there in~ {to} ta; + And at the hale dore ther wase + A lyon~ & a lyonasse, + Ther men be-twene them twa + Fast Etyng~, ase ye may here; 235 + Crystyñ {man} thow {he} were, + Hys browys {wexe} bl{a}, f. 80a. + And wit yow wiƚƚ, lord god yt wote, + He durst goo no fote, + Lest they wold hyme sl{a}. 240 + +(23) + + [Sidenote: + He hears a lady sighing within.] + + +T+orrant stod and be-held, + And p{ra}yd to god, that ale may wyld, + To send hyme harborrow good. + Sone hard he w{i}t{h}in a whalle + The syghyng of a lady smalle, 245 + Sche weppte, as sche were wod; + Sche mornyd sore and sayd: ‘Alas, + That Euyr~ kyng{es} dowghttyr wase + Ou{er}-come of so jentyƚƚ blod, + For now ame I holdyn~ here 250 + In lond w{i}t{h} a fynd{es} fere!’ + Torrent hard, wher he stod. + + [Linenotes: + 226. _wonys_] _wayes_ MS. + 229. _Two_] _The_ MS. + 231. _to ta_] _he take_ MS. + 234. _twa_] _twayne_ MS. + 236. _man_] _thow_ (!) MS. + _he_] _they_ MS. + 237. _wexe bla_] _be gan to blowe_ MS. + 240. _sle_ MS. + 244. _whalle_] with paler ink corrected from _whyle_. + 245. _syghyng_] with paler ink corrected from _syngyng_.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT WANTS TO ENTER THE GIANT’S CASTLE.] + +(24) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent asks for a night’s lodging in the Castle.] + + ’Dere god,’ seyd Torrant than~, + ‘Yff ther be anny crystyn~ man~ + In thys hold of ston~, 255 + That woƚƚ, for the love of god of myght, + Harbourrow a jentylman~ thys nyght, + For I ame but on~!’ + ‘Seynt Marry,’ seyd that lady clere, + ‘What crystyn~ man~ axithe harburrow here?’ 260 + Nere hym sche gothe a-non. + ‘I wold harburrow the fuƚƚ fayne, + But a gyant wyƚƚ the slayne.’ + To hym sche mad here mone. + + [Linenotes: + 259. _clere_] _e_ corrected out of _r_ MS. + 261. _sche gothe anon_] _a non sche gothe_ MS.] + + [[‘Dere god,’ _open quote invisible_]] + +(25) + + [Sidenote: + The Lady says the Giant will kill him.] + + ‘Say me now, fayer~ lady, {belyve}, f. 80b. 265 + Who owte {of} thys plase schaƚƚ {me dryve}, + Thes tourr{es}, that are so bryght?’ + Ther sche Seyd: ‘Be hevyn~ kyng~, + Here ys a gyant Dwellyng, + That meche ys of myght. 270 + Be my trowthe, and he the see, + Were ther~ XX lyvys in~ the, + Thy dethe than wyƚƚ he dyght. + I{es}u cryst yef me g{ra}ce + To hyd the in~ some preve plase 275 + Owt of the fynd{es} syght! . . . . . + + [Linenotes: + 265. _bel._] om. MS. + 266. _of_] om. MS. + _me dryve_] _hyght_ MS. + 267. _so_] _feyer and_ add. MS. + 271. _the_] _thow_, _w_ erased and _e_ changed into _o_, MS. + 273. _They_ (!) MS. + 275. _hyd_] corrected from _hyde_.] + + [[Linenote 271: _all “e” and “o” printed as shown_]] + +(26) + + [Sidenote: + The Lady takes Torrent past the Lions, into the Castle.] + ‘Euyr~ me thynkythe be thy tale, + The song of the burd{es} smale + On slepe hathe hyme browght.’ + ‘Ye,’ seyd Torrent, ‘ore he be wakyn~, 280 + I schaƚƚ the teƚƚ soche a tokyn~, + Of hym thow haue no thowght! + But woldd{es} thow for thy gentry + Do the lyonnys downe lye, + That they nyee me nowght?’ 285 + By the hande sche gan{n}e hym ta + And led hyme in~ be{tw}e them twa; + Ryght ase sche wold, they wrowght. + + [Linenotes: + 277. _thy_] _my_ erased and _thy_ written above the line. + 283. _thy_] _th_ corrected from _m_. + _gentry_] _gentre_, _e_ corrected from _y_. + 285. _nyee_] first _e_ above the line. + 286. _hande_] _d_ corrected from _e_. + _tane_ MS. + 287. _bewte_ MS. + _twayne_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS TAKEN INTO THE GIANT’S CASTLE.] + +(27) + + [Sidenote: + He tells her he has kild the Giant.] + + The lady wase neuyr~ so a-drad, + In to the hale sche hym lad, 290 + That lemyred ase gold bryght; + Sche byrlyd whyt wyne and Rede: f. 81a. + ‘Make vse myrre a-geyne ow{re} Dedd, + I wot wiƚƚ, yt ys so dyght!’ + ‘Be my trowthe!’ seyd Torrent, 295 + ‘I wole be thy warrant, + He comythe not here thys nyght. + On soche a slepe he ys browght, + Aƚƚ men of lyve wakythe hym nowght, + But onely god{es myght}.’ 300 + + [Linenote: + 300. _godes myght_] _gode a lone_ MS.] + +(28) + + [Sidenote: + She tells him of Prince Verdownys, and 4 Earls’ sons in the Giant’s + prison.] + + Blythe then wase that lady jent, + For to on-harnes Torrent, + That dowghtty wase and bold; + ‘For sothe,’ sche seyd, ‘I wot wher ys + The kyng{es} sone {Verdownys}, 305 + Fast put in hold + In a dongon~, that ys dym; + Fowyre good Eryll{es} sonnys be w{i}t{h} hyme + Ys fet in~ fere and fold. + The gyant wan theme in~ a tyde, 310 + Ase they Rane be the watyr syd, + And put them in~ preson~ cold. + + [Linenote: + 305. _Verdownys_] _of pvense_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT FREES A PRINCE AND 4 EARLS’ SONS.] + +(29) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent breaks open the prison,] + + ‘In an yron~ cage he hathe them done.’ + Torrent went thether~ sone: + ‘Are ye yet levand?’ 315 + The kyng{es} sone askyd than~, + Yf ther were anny crysten man~, + ‘Wold bryng vse ow{t} of bond?’ + ‘Lord,’ he seyd, ‘god aƚƚmyght, + I had levyr on a Day to fyght, f. 81b. 320 + Than aƚƚ my fathyrys lond.’ + W{i}t{h} an iryn~ maƚƚ styff and strong~ + He brake vpe an yron~ dore or longe, + And sone the keyes he fond. + + [Linenotes: + 318. _owt_] _ow_ (!) MS. + 323. _or longe_] added in paler ink.] + +(30) + + [Sidenote: + and frees the 5 youths. They sup.] + + Owt he toke thys chyldyryn~ fyve, 325 + The feyrest that were on lyve, + I-hold in~ anny sted. + The lady wase fuƚƚ gl{e}d, + Sche byrlyd whyt wyn~ and Redd, + And sethyn~ to soper sone they yed. 330 + ‘Lord{es},’ he seyd, ‘syn yow are her~, + I Red yow make Ryght good cher~, + For now ys aƚƚ thy nede.’ + Thus he covyrd owt of care. + God, that sofryd wondd{es} s{a}re, 335 + Grante vse weƚƚ to sped! + + [Linenotes: + 325. _chyld._] a _v_ struck out, follows. + 328. _glad_ MS. + 335. _sore_ MS. + 336. _well{e} to sped_] _to sped welle_ MS.] + +[Headnote: THEY ALL CHOOSE THEIR HORSES TO RIDE AWAY.] + +(31) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent freed Prince Verdownys, Lords Torren, Jakys, and Amyas, and + Princess Eleanor.] + + Lordd{es}, and ye wol lythe, + The chyldyr namys I woƚƚ teƚƚ blythe, + Here kyn, how they were me told; + The kyng{es} sone, that dowghtty {ys}, 340 + Wase clepyd Verdownys, + That dowghtty wase and bold, + And an Eryll{es} son, that hyght Torren~, + A nother Iakys of Berweyne, + The forthe was Amyas bold. f. 82a. 345 + The kyng{es} dowghttyr of Gales lond, + Elyoner~, I vndyrstond, + That worthy wase in hold, + + [Linenotes: + 337. after _wol_, _be_ struck out MS. + 340. _ys_] _wase_ MS. + 346-348 put before 343-345, MS.] + +(32) + + [Sidenote: + She takes Torrent to his chamber, and then all of them to the + stable, where each chooses a horse.] + + In to hys chambyr sche hyme led, + Ther gold and syluyr wase spred, 350 + And asur~, that wase bl{o}; + In yron ther he gan stond, + Body and armys {al sch}y{n}and, + In~ powynt to trusse and goo. + In to a stabyƚƚ sche hym led, 355 + Eche toke a fuƚƚ feyer~ sted, + They were {redy} to goo; + And wote ye weƚƚ and vndyrstond, + Had the gyant be levand, + They had not p{ar}tyd soo. 360 + + [Linenotes: + 351. _blo_] _blewe_ MS. + 353. _al sch._] _lygand_ (!) MS. + 354. _trusse_] corrected from _truste_. + 357. _redy_] om. MS. + 358. _wote_] with paler ink corrected from _what_. + 359. _Had_] corrected out of _han_. + _byn_ follows, almost entirely erased. + _gyant_] _t_ corrected from _d_.] + +(33) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent feeds the lions on the Giant’s body, and puts his head on a + horse.] + + They woƚƚ not to bed gan{ge}, + Tyƚƚ on the morrow the Day spronge, + Thus a wey to ffare. + Torrant sperryd the gattys, i-wyse, + Aƚƚ that he lyst he clepyd hys, 365 + The keys and thyng he bare. + The lyon{s that was} at the dore + Wase led to her~ mayst{er} that wase befor~, + {O}n hym thay fed them {ya}r{e}, + Vpp won of the horse, that wase ther~ levyd, 370 + {O}n hym thei trussyd the gyantt{es} he{ve}d. + Thus helpt hym god th{a}r~. + + [Linenotes: + 361. _gange_] _gan_ MS. + _ll{e} on the_ struck out, follows. + 366. _keys_] _e_ written with paler ink above the line. + 367. _lyons that was_] _lyone_ MS. + 369. _Vn_ (!) MS. + _hym_] _y_ corrected out of _e_ MS. + _thay_] corrected from _that_. + _yare_] _ther_ MS. + 371. _Vn_ (!) MS. + _thei_] _i_ written above the line. + _hed_ MS. + 372. _ther_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT RETURNS TO PORTUGAL.] + +(34) + + [Sidenote: + He goes back to Portugal.] + + But ore III wek{es} wer~ com{m}yn~ to End, + To Portynggaƚƚ gan he wend, + Ther~ ase the kyng gan {lend}; 375 + The porter~ sawe {hym} ther he stood, + He fled a wey, ase he were wod, + Flyngyng ase a fynd. f. 82b. + ‘Syr kyng,’ he seyd, ‘be godd{es} dede, + Torrant bryngythe a devyƚƚ ys hed, 380 + Ther w{i}t{h} he woƚƚ yow present.’ + Desoneƚƚ seyd: ‘Porter~, be styƚƚ!’ . . . + In hys walke ther ase he went. + + [Linenotes: + 373. _wer{e}_] _ther_, struck out, and _were_ written over. + 375. _lend_] _lye_ MS. + 376. _sawe h. th._] _ther sawe he_ MS.] + +(35) + + [Sidenote: + The King and his Lords are afraid of the lions. Torrent kisses the + King of Portugal.] + + The kyng to the gatys gan pase, + Gret lord{es} that ther wase, 385 + Bothe knyght{es} and squyerr{e}, + Lord{es} wase fuƚƚ sore a-dred + Fore the lyonys, þ{a}t he had, + They durst not come hyme ner~. + The kyng seyd: ‘I wyƚƚ {the} kysse, 390 + Durst I for~ thy best{es}, Iwysse.’ + Torrent dyd them ly ther~, + And kyssyd the kyng w{i}t{h} joy and blyse; + And aftyr, other lord{es} of hys, + And aftyr, ladys {clere}. 395 + + [Linenotes: + 386. _squyerres_ MS. + 390. _the_] _hym_ MS. + 395. _aftyr_] _other_ add. (!) MS. + _clere_] _jent_ MS.] + +[Headnote: VERDOWNYS’S FATHER IS TOLD OF HIS SAFETY.] + +(36) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Provyns is glad of his son Verdownys’s safety] + + Messengyr{es} {went} the weye, + To the kyng of P{ro}vyns to sey, + Hys sone ys owt of hold: + ‘Yyng Torrent of Portynggaƚƚ + Hathe browght hym owt of balle 400 + And slayne the jeyant bold.’ + Lytyƚƚ and mykyƚƚ þ{a}t ther wer~, + Aƚƚ they mad good cher f. 83a. + Her~ prynse fayne se wold. + The kyng {seyd}: ‘So mot I the, 405 + I woƚƚ geff the towynnys thre + For~ the tall{es} thow hast me told.’ + + [Linenotes: + 396. _went_] _to_ (!) MS. + 397. after _Provyns_ _I_ MS. + 399. _Yoyng_ MS. + 405. _kyng seyd_] _kynges messengere_ MS. + 405-7 put before 402-4.] + +(37) + + [Sidenote: + and promises Torrent gifts. The King of Gales offers Torrent his + daughter.] + + Tha{n seyd} they, tha{t} to Gales yede, + Yeftys to {take} were h{e}m no ned, + Then {Ver}downys had they. 410 + Ase they seyłyd on a tyde, + At Perrown~ on the see syd + . . . . . . . . . . . + The kyng of P{ro}vy{n}se seyd: ‘So mot I the, + Yftles schaƚƚ they not be, 415 + That dare I sothely sey.’ + The kyng of Gales proferd hym feyer~: + ‘Wed my dowghttyr and myn Eyer~, + When so euyr~ thow may! . . . . . + + [Linenotes: + 408. _Than--that_] _That they than_ MS. + _Gales_] with paler ink corrected from _Calles_. + _yede_] corrected from _went_. + 409. _take_] om. MS. + _hym_ MS. + 410. _Then Downys_ MS. + 417. _gales_] _g_ with paler ink corrected from _c_.] + + [[seyłyd _printed as shown, with line through single “l”_]] + +[Headnote: TORRENT GETS WELAND’S SWORD ADOLAKE.] + +(38) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Provyns gives Torrent his Sword made by Weland,] + + The kyng of Perve{n}se seyd: ‘So mot I the, 420 + Thys seson~ yeftles schaƚƚ thow not be, + Haue here my Ryng of gold, + My sword, that so wyƚƚ ys wrowyt; + A bett{er} than~ yt know I nowght + W{i}t{h} in~ crystyn~ mold; 425 + Yt ys ase glemyrryng ase the glase, + Thorrow Velond wroght yt wase, + Bettyr ys non~ to hold. + I have syne sum tyme in~ lond, + Whoso had yt of myn~ hond, 430 + Faw{e} the{y were} I-told.’ + + [Linenotes: + 429. _Loke thou hold yt with full{e} hond_, add. MS. + 431. _I fawght therfore I told_ MS.] + +(39) + + [Sidenote: + and named Adolake. A fortnight’s Feast is held.] + + Tho wase Torrent blythe and glad, + The good swerd ther he had, + The name wase Adolake. + A gret mayne{re}y let he make {ryght} 435 + That lest aƚƚ a fortnyght, + Who so wiƚƚ hys met take. f. 83b. + Euyry man toke ys leve, ase {I} yow say, + Hom-ward to wend ther wey, + Eu{er}y man ys Rest to take. 440 + Tyƚƚ yt be-feƚƚ vppon a day, + Ase they went be the wey, + The kyng to hys dowghttyr spake: + + [Linenotes: + 435. _mayn._] _mayne let_, with paler ink corrected into _mayney_. + _ryght_] om. MS. + 438. _I_] om. MS. + 440. _to take ys Rest_ MS.] + +[Headnote: DESONELL GIVES TORRENT A WHITE CHARGER.] + +(40) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Portugal tells Desonell that Torrent kild the Giant for + love of her.] + + ‘Ye schaƚƚ take hed of a jeentyƚƚ man~, + A feyer~ poynt for~ yow he wane, 445 + Desoneƚƚ, at the last.’ + ’Syr,’ sche seyd, ‘be hevyn kyng, + Tyƚƚ ye me told, I knewe no thyng, + For who ys love yt wase.’ + ‘Desoneƚƚ, so mvt I the, 450 + Yt wase for the lowe of the, + That he trovylld so fast. + I warne yow, dowghttyr, be the Rode, + Yt ys for yow bothe good, + Ther to I Red yow tr{a}st.’ 455 + + [Linenote: + 455. _trust_ MS.] + + [[‘Syr,’ sche seyd, _open quote invisible_]] + +(41) + + [Sidenote: + She gives Torrent a white steed which the King of Nazareth had sent + her.] + + Forthe sche browght a whyt sted, + As whyt as the flowyr in~ med, + Ys fytte blac ase slo{n}. + ‘Leman~, haue here thys fole, + That dethe ys dynt schalt þ{o}u not {thole}, 460 + Whyƚƚ thow setty{s}te hyme appon~, + And yf thow had p{ersew}yd be + And hadyst ned fore to fle, + Fast for to gone. + The kyng of Nazareth sent hym me, 465 + Torrent, I wet-saffe hym on the, + For bett{er} love may I none.’ f. 84a. + + [Linenotes: + 458. _slo_ MS. + 460. _thole_] _haue_ MS. + 461. _settythe_ MS. + 462. _p’revyd_ (!) MS. + 465. So Fragm. I (F. I); + _The kyng of Portynggalle seyd: ‘So mot I the_ MS. + 466. _hym on_] so F. I; _of_ MS.] + +(42) + + [Sidenote: + The King treacherously asks Torrent to get Desonell a Falcon] + + Aftyr-ward vppon a tyd, + Ase the went be the watyr{es} syd, + The kyng and yong Torrent, 470 + The kyng wold fayne, that he ded wer~, + And he wyst, in~ what maner~, + How he schuld be schent; + A false lettyr mad the kyng + And dyd messengyr{es} forthe yt bryng, 475 + On the Rever~, ase they went, + To Torrent, that was trew ase styƚƚ, + Yf he love Desoneƚƚ wyƚƚ, + Get her a facon~ jent. + + [Linenotes: + 471. _ded wer{e}_] so F. I; _were ded_ MS. + 472. _he_] so F. I; _hym_ MS. + 477. _that was_] so F. I; om. MS.] + +[Headnote: THE FALSE KING OF PORTUGAL DECEIVES TORRENT.] + +(43) + + [Sidenote: + from the Forest of Magdalen.] + + Torrent the lett{er} be-gan~ to Red, 480 + The kyng lestyned & nere yed, + Ase he yt nevyr ad s{e}ne. + ‘Syr,’ he seyd, ‘what may thys be, + Loo, lord, come ner~ and see, + A-bowght a facon~ schene? 485 + I ne wot, so god me sped, + In what lond that they bred.’ + The kyng answerd: ‘I wene, + In the forrest of Mavdeleyn~, + Ther be hawk{es}, ase I herd seyne, 490 + That byn of lenage {cl}en~.’ + + [Linenotes: + 482. _syne_ MS. + 487. _that_] so F. I; om. MS. + _they_] _ne_ add. (!) MS. + 489. _Mavd._] so F. I; _Mavdlen_ MS. + 491. _clen~_] _gene_ MS.] + +(44) + + [Sidenote: + He agrees to do it. Torrent rides] + + And than seyd the kyng on-trew: + ‘Yf thow get hawkys of gret valew, + Bryng on of them to me!’ + Torrent Seyd: ‘So god me saue, f. 84b. 495 + Yf yt be-tyd, that I may haue, + At yow{r} wyƚƚ they schal be.’ + Hys squyere bode he th{a}r~, + Aftyr hys armor~ for to far~, + In the fyld byddythe he. 500 + They armyd hym in~ hys wed, + Tho he be-strod a noble sted, + And forthe than Rod hee. + + [Linenote: + 498. _squyere_] so F. II; _squyeres_ MS. + _there_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT FINDS A DRAGON IN THE FOREST.] + +(45) + + [Sidenote: + to the Forest of Magdalen, gets separated from his Squire,] + + +T+orrent toke the wey a-geyn~ + In to the forest of Mawdleyn~, 505 + In the wyld-some way; + Berys and apes there founde he, + And wylde bestys great plente, + And lyons where they lay. + In a wod that wase tyght, 510 + Yt Drew nere-hand nyght + By dymmynge of the Day, + Harkyn, lord{es}, {to} them came wo, + He and hys squyer~ p{ar}tyd in two, + Carfuƚƚ men then were they. 515 + + [Linenotes: + 502. _noble_] so F. II; _nothere_ MS. + 507-509: so F. II: + _Berrys he sawe stondyng + And wyld bestes ther goyng, + Gret lyonys ther he fond._ MS. + 510: _tyght_] so F. II; _thyke_ MS. + 512: _By d._] so F. II; _And ine the Dawnyng_ MS. + 513: _to--wo_] so F. II; + _to_] of F. II. + _what I schalle sey_ MS. + 514: _in two_] so F. II; _they_ MS. + 515: _men--they_] so F. II; _they were that Day_ MS.] + +(46) + + [Sidenote: + and comes on a Dragon.] + + At the schedyng of a Rome + Eche p{ar}tyd other frome, + For sothe, ase I vndyrstond. + Torrent toke a dulful wey + Downe in~ a depe valey 520 + Be-syd a weƚƚ strong. + A lytyƚƚ be fore mydnyght + Of a dragon he had syght, + That grysly wase to {fond}; + He had hym nowght to were, 525 + But hys schyld and hys spere, f. 85a. + That wase in~ hys squyer{es} hond. + + [Linenote: + 524. _fond_] _syght_ MS.] + +[Headnote: A DRAGON ATTACKS TORRENT.] + +(47) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent prays to Christ to be his help.] + + Torrent knelyd on hys kne, + To I{es}u Cryst p{ra}yd he: + ‘Lord, mykyƚƚ of myght, 530 + Syne I wase in~ meche care, + Let me nevuyr~ owt of {t}hys world far~, + Tyƚƚ I haue take o{rd}er of knyght. + Ase I ame falsely hether~ sent, + Wyld-som weyes haue I went, 535 + W{i}t{h} fynd{es} for to fyght. + Now, I{es}u, for thy holy name, + Ase I ame but man~ a-lone, + Than~ be my helpe to nyght!’ + + [Linenotes: + 532. _thys_] _hys_ (!) MS. + 533. _haue_] _or_ add. (!) MS. + _order_] _othere_ (!) MS.] + +(48) + + [Sidenote: + The Dragon’s tail is 7 yards long,] + + Ase Torrent I{es}u gan~ p{ra}y, 540 + He herd the dragon~, ther he lay + Vndyr-nethe a clo{w}; + Of an{d} on he wase stronge, + Hys tayle wase VII yerd{es} long, + That aftyr hyme he dr{o}we; 545 + Hys wyngg{es} wase long and wyght, + To the chyld he toke a flyght + W{i}t{h} an howge sw{ow}e; + Had he nether~ schyld ne spere, + But p{ra}yd to god, he schold hyme were, 550 + For he wase in dred i-nowe. + + [Linenotes: + 542. _clow_] _colod_ or _colvd_, _l_ corrected from _d_, MS. + 543. _and_] _an_ MS. + 545. _drewe_ MS. + 548. _swowe_] _swayne_ (!) MS. + 551. _inowthe_ MS.] + +(49) + + [Sidenote: + and has a fiery head on it. Torrent cuts 4 ells off the Dragon’s + tail;] + + On the tayle an hed ther~ wase, + That byrnyd Bryght as anny glase, f. 85b. + In fyer whan {yt} was dyght; + A-bowght the schyld he lappyd yt ther~, 555 + Torrent the bowght a-sondyr schere + Thurrow the g{ra}ce of god almyght. + As the boke of Rome telly{s}, + Of hys taylle he cut IIII ell{es} + W{i}t{h} hys swerd so bryght. 560 + Than cryed the lothely thyng, + That aƚƚ the daƚƚ be-gan to Ryng, + That hard the gyant wyght. + + [Linenotes: + 554. _yt_] _he_ MS. + 558. _Tellys_] _tellythe_ MS. + 563. _That the gyant hard wyght_ MS.] + + [[f. 85b. _Text has anomalous “fol.”_]] + +[Headnote: TORRENT KILLS THE DRAGON.] + +(50) + + [Sidenote: + and while its Giant-owner is getting ready to help it,] + + The gyant seyd: ‘I vndyrstond, + There ys sum crystyn~ man~ nere hond, 565 + My dragon here I cry. + By hym, that schope bothe watyr~ and lond, + Aƚƚ that I can se be-fore me stond, + Dere schaƚƚ they a-bye! + Me thynkythe, I here my dragon~ schowt, 570 + I deme, ther be svme dowghtty man~ hym a-bowght, + I trow, to long I ly. + Yf I dweƚƚ in my pyƚƚ of ston~, + And my cheff-fost{er} were gone, + A false mayst{er} were I!’ 575 + + [Linenote: + 574. _foster_] _st_ corr. out of _t_.] + +(51) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent kills it. Torrent’s Squire] + + Be the gyant wase Redy dyght, + Torrent had slayne the dragon~ Ryght; + Thus gan god hyme scheld. + To the mownteyne he toke the wey + To Rest hyme, aƚƚ that day, 580 + He had myst{er}, to be kyld. + Tyƚƚ the day be-gan to spryng, f. 87a.[T1] + Fowllys gan myrre to syng + Bothe in~ frethe and in feld. + Leve we now of Torrent th{o}re 585 + And speke we of thys squyer~ more: + I{es}u hys sole fro heƚƚ shyld! + + [Linenotes: + 581. _kyllyd_ MS. + 585. _there_ MS.] + + [Footnote T1: There is no f. 86 in the paging of the MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT’S SQUIRE IS MET BY A GIANT.] + +(52) + + [Sidenote: + rides all night in a wood,] + + Hys squyer~ Rod aƚƚ nyght + In a wod, that wase fuƚƚ tyght, + W{i}t{h} meche care and gret fare, 590 + For to seke hys lord Torrent, + That wy{ght}ly wase frome hyme sent, + And he wyst nevyr~ whethyr ne wh{a}r~. + He Durst neuyr~ cry ne schuot, + For wy{l}d best{es} were hym a-bowght 595 + In~ the holtt{es} h{a}re; + A lyty{l} whyƚƚ be-fore the day + He toke in~ to a Ryde-wey + Hyme self to meche care. + + [Linenotes: + 592. _wysly_ MS. + 593. _wher_ MS. + 595. _wyld_] _wyd_ MS. + 596. _hore_ MS. + 597. _lyty_ MS.] + +(53) + + [Sidenote: + till he finds a highway,] + + Forthe he Rod, I vndyrstond, 600 + Tyƚƚ he an hey wey fond, + W{i}t{h}-owtyn~ any Del{ite}, + Also fast ase he myght fare, + Fore berrys and apys, þ{a}t ther w{a}re, + Lest they wold hym byght. 605 + The sone a-Rose and schone bryght, + Of a castyƚƚ he had a syght, + That wase bothe feyer~ and whyte . . . . + + [Linenotes: + 602. _Delite_] _delay_ MS. + 604. _were_ MS.] + +(54) + + [Sidenote: + and is met by a Giant. The Giant cuts Torrent’s Squire into 4 + quarters.] + + The gyant h{i}m se, & ny yed, + And seyd: ‘Fellow, so god me sped, 610 + Thow art welcom to me: f. 87b. + What dost thow here in my forest?’ + ‘Lord, to seke an hawkys nest, + Yff yt yow{r} wyl be.’ + ‘The be-hovythe to ley a wede.’ 615 + To an oke he hym led: + Gret Ruthe yt wase to se. + In IIII q{uar}ter{es} he hym dr{o}we, + And eu{er}y quarter vppon a bowe; + Lord, soche weys toke hee! 620 + + [Linenotes: + 609. _hem_ MS. + 618. _drewe_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS ATTACKT BY THE GIANT ROCHENSE.] + +(55) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent finds these,] + + Ase Torrent in~ the movnteyn~ dyd ly, + Hym thowght, he hard a Reufuƚƚ cry; + Gret fere ther hyme thowght. + ‘Seynt Marre,’ seyd the chyld so f{re}, + ‘Wher euyr~ my jentyƚƚ squyer~ myght be, 625 + That I w{i}t{h} me to wod browght? + On he dyd hys harnes a-geyne + And worthe on hys sted, s{er}teyne, + And thetherward he sowght. + And wot yow wyƚƚ, I vndyrstond, 630 + In fowre quartyr{es} he hym fownd, + For other wyse wase yt nowght. + + [Linenotes: + 624. _fre_] _fer_ MS. + 630. _wot_] _w_ add. (!) MS.] + +(56) + + [Sidenote: + and is attackt by this giant Rochense.] + + The gyant lenyd to a tre + And be-hyld Torrent so free, + For sothe, ase {I} yow seye. 635 + Thys fend wase ferly to fyght, + Rochense, seythe the boke, he hyght, + Ther wase a dredfuƚƚ fraye. + To the chyld than~ gan he smyght: + ‘A theff, yeld the asttyt, 640 + As fast as thow may!’ f. 88a. + ‘What,’ seyd Torrent, ‘art thow wood? + God, that Dyed on the Rood, + Geff the evyƚƚ happe thys day!’ + + [Linenote: + 635. _I_] om. MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT FIGHTS THE GIANT ROCHENSE.] + +(57) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent’s steed is kild. He drives the Giant back] + + He Rawght Torrent soche a Rowght, 645 + Hys stedd{es} brayne he smot owte, + So mykyƚƚ he be-gan~. + Torrent tho a good sped + Ase fast a-bowte an eche {yede}; + Ase swefte ase he myght, {he} R{a}n. 650 + He gathyred svm of hys gere, + Bothe hys schyld and hys spere; + Nere hym yod he than~. + Bacward than be a browȝ + Twenty fote he gard hyme goo, 655 + Thus erthe on hym he wane. + + [Linenotes: + 649. _yede_] _went_ MS. + 650. _he Ran_] _Ryne_ MS.] + +(58) + + [Sidenote: + into a deep glen, where he stands in water.] + + Yt solasyd Torrant th{e}n~, + When he sawe hyme bacward r{e}n + Downe be a movnteyn~ of Perowne, + Stomlyng thurrow frythe and fen~, 660 + Tyƚƚ he com to a depe {glen}, + Ther myght non hym s{t}ere. + Torrent wase glad and folowyd fast, + And hys spere on hyme he brast, + Good Adyloke yed hyme nere. 665 + The fynd in~ the watyr stod, + He fawte a-geyn, ase he were wod, + Aƚƚ þe day in~ fere. + + [Linenotes: + 657. _than_ MS. + 658. _ren_] _Rond_ (!) MS. + 661. _glen_] _thorne_ MS. + 662. _stere_] _schere_ MS. + 668. _þe_] _the_ add. (!) MS.] + +(59) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent prays God for help. Jesus freshens up Torrent.] + + Tho nere hond wase the day gone, f. 88b. + Torrent wase so werry than~ 670 + That on hys kne he kneld: + ‘Helpe, god, that aƚƚ may! + Desoneƚƚ, haue good day!’ + Fro hym he cest hys schyld. + I{es}u wold not, he were slayne, 675 + To hym he sent a schowyr~ of Rayne, + Torrent fuƚƚ wyƚƚ yt keld. + The fynd saw, he wase ny mate, + Owt of the watyr he toke the gate, + He thowght to wyne the fyld. 680 + + [Linenotes: + 671. _knelyd he_ MS. + 677. _kelyd_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT SLAYS THE GIANT ROCHENSE.] + +(60) + + [Sidenote: + The Giant attacks again. Torrent runs him thro’ the heart, cuts his + head off,] + + Thoo wase Torrent ffresse and good; + Nere the fynd sore he stod, + Cryst hym saue and see! + The fynd fawt w{i}t{h} an yron~ staff, + The fyrst stroke, to hym he gaffe, 685 + He brast hys schyld on thre. + Torrent vndyr hys staff Rane, + To the hart he baryd hym than~, + And lothely cry gane he. + To the g{r}ownd he feƚƚ ase tyght, 690 + And Torrent gan hys hed of-smyght, + And thus he wynnythe the gre. + + [Linenote: + 690. _gownd_ MS.] + +(61) + + [Sidenote: + finds him 24 ft. long, and goes to his Castle.] + + Torrent knelyd on the grownd + And thankyd god þ{a}t ylke stownd, + That soche g{ra}ce hyme send. 695 + Thus II journeys in thys woo + W{i}t{h} hys hand{es} slow {he} gyantys too, + That meny a man~ hathe schent. f. 89a. + Torrent forthe frome hyme þan yod, + And met hyme XXIIII fotte, 700 + Ther he lay on the bent. + Hedles he left hym there, + Howt of the fyld the hed he bare + And to the casteƚƚ he went.] + + [Linenote: + 697. _he_] _II_ MS.] + +[Headnote: THE SWORD AND STEED OF GIANT ROCHENSE.] + +(62) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent goes to the Giant’s Castle, and finds a splendid sword,] + + To thys casteƚƚ he gan far~; 705 + Ther fond he armor~ and other~ g{a}re, + A swerd, that wase bryght. + To the towre he toke the wey, + Ther the gyant{es} bed lay, + That Rychyly wase dyght. 710 + At the bedd{es} hed he fond + A swerd, worthe an Erllys lond, + That meche wase of myght. + On the pomeƚƚ yt wase wret, + Fro a prynce yt wase get, 715 + Mownpolyardn{us} he hyght. + + [Linenote: + 706. _gere_ MS.] + +(63) + + [Sidenote: + and a noble white steed. With the heads of the Giant and Dragon, + Torrent] + + The sarten {to sey} w{i}t{h}-owt lese, + A scheff-chambyr~ he hym ches, + Tyƚƚ on the morrow day. + To the stabuƚƚ tho he y{e}d, 720 + There he fond a nobyƚƚ sted, + Wase comely whyt and grey. + The gyantt{es} hed gan he take, + And the dragonnys wold he not forsake, + And went forthe on hys wey. 725 + He left mor~ good in that sale + Than wase w{i}t{h} in~ aƚƚ Portynggaƚƚ, f. 89b. + Ther ase the gyant laye. + + [Linenotes: + 717. _to sey_] om. MS. + 718. _he_] _sche_ MS. + _chesys_ (!) MS. + 720. _yod_ MS.] + +(64) + + [Sidenote: + rides back to Portugal. Torrent gives the King the Giant’s and + Dragon’s heads instead of a Falcon,] + + Tho he Rod bothe Day and nyght, + Tyƚƚ he come to a casteƚƚ bryght, 730 + Ther ys lord gan dweƚƚ. + The kyng ys gone to the gate, + Torrent on kne he fond ther at, + Schort taƚƚ for to teƚƚ. + ‘Haue thow thys in~ thyn~ hond: 735 + No nother hawkys ther I fond + At Mawdlenys weƚƚ.’ + The kyng {quod}: ‘Ase so haue I blyse, + Torrent, I trow, sy{bb}e ys + To the deweƚƚ of heƚƚ! . . . . 740 + + [Linenotes: + 738. _quod_] om. (!) MS. + 739. _sybbe_] _sylke_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS LOVED BY DESONELL.] + +(65) + + [Sidenote: + and says the Giant Rochense was Slogus of Fuolles.] + + ‘Here be syd dwellythe won on lond, + Ther ys no knyght, {hy}s dynt may stond, + So stronge he ys {in dede}!’ + ‘Syr~,’ he sayd, ‘fore sen Iame, + What ys the gyant{es} name, 745 + So Euyr good me sped?’ + ‘Syr~,’ he seyd, ‘so mvt I the, + Slogus of Fu{o}ll{es}, thus hyte hee, + That wyt ys vndyr wede.’ . . . . . . + + [Linenotes: + 742. _knyght hys_] _knyghtes_ MS. + 743. _in d._] _on grond_ MS.] + +(66) + + [Sidenote: + Desonell gives her heart to Torrent.] + + Lytyƚƚ and mykyƚƚ, lese and more, 750 + Wondyr on the hedd{es} thore, + That Torrent had browght whome. + {The} Lord{es} seyd ‘Be sen Myheƚƚ! + Syr kyng, but ye love hyme wyƚƚ, + To yow yt ys gret schame!’ 755 + Torent ordeynyd pryst{es} fyve, f. 90a. + To syng for hys squyerys lyve, + And menythe hym by name. + Therfor~ the lady whyt ase swane + To Torrant, here lord, sche went than~, 760 + Here hert wase to hyme tane. + + [Linenotes: + 752. _browght_] _ho_ add. (!) MS. + 753. _The_] om. MS. + _seyd_] _he_ add. MS. + _Myhell{e}_] _my her_, _r_ corrected to _lle_ with paler ink. + 756. _prystes_] V add. (!) MS.] + +[Headnote: A PRINCE OF ARAGON WANTS TO WED DESONELL.] + +(67) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Aragon asks for Desonell for his youngest Son.] + + Lettyrr{es} come ther w{ithalle} + To the kyng of Portynggaƚƚ, + To ax hys dowghttyr Derre, + Fro the kyng of Eragon~, 765 + To wed her~ to hys yongeest son~, + The lady, that ys so clere. + For Torrent schuld not her~ haue, + {For} hyme fyrst he here gafe, + To the messenger~, 770 + And hys {way} fast ageyn dyd pase, + Whyle Torrent an huntyng wase, + Ther of schuld he not be w{e}re. + + [Linenotes: + 762. _ther withalle_] _hetherward_ MS. + 769. _For_] _To_ MS. + 771. _way_] om. MS. + 773. _ware_ MS.] + +(68) + + [Sidenote: + The Queen of Portugal wishes Torrent to have her.] + + On a mornyng, ther ase he lay, + The kyng to the quene gan sey: 775 + ‘Madame, for cherryte, + Thow art oftyn~ hold wyse; + Now woƚƚ ye teƚƚ me yow{r} deuyce, + How I may governe me: + The Ryche kyng hathe to me sent, 780 + For to aske my dowghttyr gente + That ys so feyer~ and fre.’ + ‘Syr,’ sche Seyd, ‘so god me saue, + I Red yow let Torent her haue, f. 90b. + For best worthy ys he.’ 785 + + [Linenotes: + 775. _The (quene to the) kyng to the quene gan sey_ MS. + 779. _That how_ MS. + 781. _aske_] _aseke_ MS.] + +(69) + + [Sidenote: + The King refuses.] + + He sayd: ‘Madame, were that feyer~, + To make an erll{es} sone myn Eyer~? + I wiƚƚ not, by sen Iame! + There he hathe done maystr{es} thre, + Yt ys {hys} swerd, yt ys not he, 790 + For Hatheloke ys ys name.’ + ‘Lord, he myght fuƚƚ wyƚƚ sped, + A knyght{es} dowghttyr wase hyme bed, + Ase whyt ase wall{es} b{a}ne; + And yf ye warne hyme Desoneƚƚ, 795 + A{ll} that ther of here teƚƚ, + Ther of wyƚƚ speke schame.’ + + [Linenotes: + 790. _hys_] om. MS. + 794. _swalles_ (!) MS. + _bone_ MS. + 796. _All_] _And_ MS.] + +[Headnote: THE KING OF PORTUGAL’S TREACHERY TO TORRENT.] + +(70) + + [Sidenote: + The false King of Portugal plots to have Torrent kild by another + Giant.] + + ‘Madam, vnto thys tyd + There lythe a gyant here be-syd, + That many a man~ hathe slayne. 800 + I schaƚƚ hyght hym my dowghttyr~ dere, + To fyght w{i}t{h} that fynd{es} fere, + Thus he holdythe hyme in~ trayne. + But I schaƚƚ make myn com{m}nant so, + That there schaƚƚ non w{i}t{h} hyme go, 805 + {Neyther} squyer~ ne swayne.’ + ‘Syr~,’ sche seyd, ‘so mvt I the, + So sore be-stad hathe he be, + And wyƚƚ co{m}myn~ a-geyne!’ + + [Linenote: + 806. _Neyther_] om. MS.] + +(71) + + [Sidenote: + He and his Queen go to Mass. Torrent sits at the head of a side + table.] + + Tho the bell{es} be-gan to Ryng, 810 + Vpe Rose that Ryche kyng, + And the lady {so fre}, + And aftyr-ward they went to mase, f. 91a. + Ase the law of holy chyrge wase, + W{i}t{h} n{o}t{es} and solemnyte. 815 + Trompettys on the waƚƚ gan blowe, + Knyght{es} semlyd on a Rowe, + Gret joy wase to see. + Torrent a syd bord began~, + The squyer{es} nexte hym than, 820 + That good knyght{es} schuld be. + + [Linenotes: + 812. _so fre_] _in feree_ MS. + 815. _nettes_ (!) MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT AGREES TO FIGHT FOR DESONELL.] + +(72) + + [Sidenote: + The King asks Torrent if he’ll do a deed of arms for Desonell.] + + Ase they sat a-mydd{es} the mete, + The kyng wold not foreget; + To Torrent the kyng gan sey, + He seyd: ‘Torrent, so god me saue, 825 + Thow wold{es} fayne my dowghttyr haue + And hast lovyd her~ many a day.’ + ‘Ye, be trouthe,’ seyd Torrent than~, + ‘And yf þ{a}t I were a Ryche man~, + Ryght gladly, p{ar} ma fay!’ 830 + ‘Yf thow durst for her sake + A poynt of armys vndyrtake, + Thow broke her~ weƚƚ fore ay!’ + + [Linenotes: + 822. _a_] so F. III; _the_ MS. + 825. _saue_] so F. III; _sped_ MS. + 830. _gladly_] so F. III; _glad_ MS. + 831. _for h. s._] so F. III; _par ma fay_ MS. + 833. _broke_] so F. III; _breke_ MS.] + +(73) + + [Sidenote: + ‘Yes,’ says Torrent.] + + ‘Ye,’ seyd Torrent, ‘ar I ga, + Sekyrnes ye schaƚƚ me ma 835 + Of yow{r} dowghttyr hend, + And aftyrward my ryghtys, + Be-fore XXVII knyght{es}.’ . . . . . . + And aƚƚ were Torrent{es} frende. + ‘Now, good s{er}is,’ gan Torrant sey, f. 91b. 840 + ‘Bere wittnes her of som Daye, + A-geyne yf god me send!’ + + [Linenotes: + 834. _go_ F. III; _gan Rage_ MS. + 835. _make_ MS. + 839. _frenddes_ MS.] + +(74) + + [Sidenote: + ‘Then go to Calabria, and fight the Giant Slochys.’] + + Torrent seyd: ‘So mvt I the + Wyst I, where my jorney schold {be}, + Thether I wolde me dyght.’ 845 + The kyng gaff hyme an answere: + ‘In the lond of Calabur ther~ + Wonnythe a gyant wyhte, + And he ys bothe strong and bold, + Slochys he hyght, I the told, 850 + God send the that waye Ryght!’ + Than quod Torrent: ‘Haue goo{d} day, + And, or I come a-geyn~, I schaƚƚ asay, + Whether the fynd can fyght.’ + + [Linenotes: + 844. _be_] om. MS. + 845. _wolde_] so F. III; om. MS. + 848. _wyhte_] so F. III; _whyte_ MS. + 851. _that w._] so F. III; _ways_ MS. + 852. _good_] _goo_ MS. + 853. Space left here for an initial letter of the largest size + in MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT STARTS TO FIGHT THE GIANT SLOCHYS.] + +(75) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent takes leave of Desonell, starts,] + + Tho wold he no lenger~ a-byde, 855 + He toke ys wey for to Ry{de} + On a sted of gret valewe. + In to a chambyr~ he g{as}, + Hys leue of Desoneƚƚ he t{as}, + Sche wepte, aƚƚ men myght Rewe; 860 + He seyd: ‘Lady, be styƚƚ! + I schaƚƚ come a-geyn th{e} tyƚƚ, + Thurrow helpe of Marry trewe.’ + Thus he worthe on a stede. + In hys wey Cryst hyme sped, 865 + Fore he yt no thyng knewe! + + [Linenotes: + 856. _Ryde_] _ryght_ MS. + 858. _gas_] _gothe_ MS. + 859. _tas_] _toke_ MS. + 862. _the_] _than_ MS.] + +(76) + + [Sidenote: + and rides to the Castle of the King of Provyns.] + + He toke hym a Redy wey, + Thurrow P{er}vy{n}s he toke the wey, + As hys Iorney feƚƚ. f. 91a.[T2] + Tyƚƚ the casteƚƚ Be the See, 870 + An hy stret heldythe hee, + Ther the kyng {dyd} dwell{e}. + To the porter he gan seye: + ‘Wynd in~, fellow, I the p{ra}y, + And thy lord than t{e}ƚƚ, 875 + P{ra}y hym, on won nyght in~ hys sale + To harburrow Torrent of Portynggaƚƚ, + Yf y{t} Bee ys wiƚƚ!’ + + [Linenotes: + 868. _pvys_ MS. + 871. _And_ MS. + 872. _dyd dw._] _dwellyd_ MS. + 875. _tyll_ MS. + 878. _Yf ys wille to Bee_ MS.] + + [Footnote T2: There are two folios 91 in the MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT A GUEST OF THE KING OF PROVYNS.] + +(77) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Provyns welcomes Torrent, and] + + The porter~ Dyd hys com{m}andment, + To the kynge he ys wente 880 + And knelyd vppon~ ys kne: + ‘God blyse þe, lord, In thy sale! + Torrent of Portynggale + Thus sendythe me to the; + He p{ra}ythe yow, yf ye myght, 885 + To harburrow hym thys won~ nyght, + Yf yow{r} wiƚƚ yt bee.’ + The kyng swere be hym, þ{a}t dyed on tre: + ‘There ys no man~ in~ crystyante + More welcome to me!’ 890 + +(78) + + [Sidenote: + feeds him. Torrent’s sword is his only Squire.] + + The kyng a-Rose and to the gat yod, + Lord{es} and other~ knyg{htes} good, + That were glad of hys com{m}yng. + In to the hale he hyme browght, + Ryche met spare they nowght, 895 + Be-fore Torrent fore to bryng. + ‘Syr,’ sayd the kyng, ‘I p{ra}y the, f. 91b. + Where be thy men off armys free, + That w{i}t{h} the schuld {leng}?’ + ‘Syr, to a lord I mvst Ryde, 900 + My squyer hongythe be my syde, + No man schaƚƚ w{i}t{h} me wend.’ + + [Linenotes: + 892. _knyges_ MS. + 899. _leng_] _wynd_ MS.] + +(79) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent says he has to fight in Calabria.] + + ‘S{yr},’ seyd the kyng, ‘I p{ra}y the, + Where schaƚƚ thy ded of armys bee, + Yf yt be thy wyƚƚ?’ 905 + ‘S{yr},’ he seyd, ‘vttyrly, + At Calabur, sekyrly, + I ame aƚƚ Redy ther tyƚƚ + W{i}t{h} a squyer, þ{a}t wiƚƚ can Ryde; + Fast be the see Sydde 910 + Schuld we pley ow{ur} fyle; + And wot ye wyƚƚ and vndyrstond, + Ther schaƚƚ no knyght come nere hond + Fore dred of dentt{es} yƚƚ.’ + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS OFFERD A PRINCESS OF PROVYNS.] + +(80) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Provyns warns him against the terrible Giant there,] + + The kynge seyd: ‘Be godd{es} ore, 915 + I Rede, þ{a}t þ{ou} come not th{o}re, + Fore why, I wyƚƚ the seye: + Meche folke of that contre + Come hether~ for~ sokor~ of me, + Bothe be nyght and day; 920 + There ys a gyant of gret Renowne, + He dystrowythe bothe sete and towyn~ + And aƚƚ þ{a}t euyr~ he may; + And ase the boke of Rome dothe teƚƚ, + He wase get of the deweƚƚ of heƚƚ, 925 + As hys moder on slepe lay.’ + + [Linenotes: + 915. _kynges_ (!) MS. + 916. _there_ MS. + 922. _sete_] second _e_ corr. out of _a_ MS.] + +(81) + + [Sidenote: + and offers him his Daughter and 2 Duchies instead. Torrent says he + must keep his troth.] + + The kyng Seyd: ‘Be seynt Adryan~, f. 92a. + I Rede, a nother Jentyƚƚ mane + Be there and haue the gre: + I haue a dowghttyr, þ{a}t ys me dere, 930 + Thow schalt here wed to thy fere, + And, yf yt thy wyll be, + Two duchyes in {l}onde + I wille geve here in~ hande.’ + ‘G{ra}marcy, syr,’ sayd he, 935 + ‘W{i}t{h} my tonge so haue I wrowght, + To breke my day than wiƚƚ I nowght, + Nedys me behovythe ther to bee.’ + + [Linenotes: + 929. _the_] so F. IV; om. MS. + _degre_ MS. + 932. So F. IV; om. (!) MS. + 933. _londe_] _honde_ F. IV; om. MS. + 935. _syr s. h._] so F. IV; _seyd he thane_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT ARRIVES IN CALABRIA.] + +(82) + + [Sidenote: + He starts,] + + ‘In godd{es} name,’ the kyng gane sayne, + ‘I{es}u send the wiƚƚ a-geyne, 940 + Lord so mekyƚƚ of myghte!’ + Menstrell{es} was them a-monge, + Trompett{es}, harpys, and myrre songe, + Delycyous nottis on hyght. + When tyme was, to bed they wente; 945 + On the morrow Rose Torrente + And toke leve of kyng and knyght + And toke a Redy weyye, + Be a see syd as yt laye, + God send hym gatt{es} Ryght! 950 + + [Linenotes: + 947. _of_] so F. IV; _on_ MS. + 948. _toke_] so F. IV; _to_ MS.] + +(83) + + [Sidenote: + reaches Calabria, and hears of the Giant.] + + A hye stret hathe he nome, + In to Calabur he ys come + W{i}t{h} in~ to days ore III; + Soo come ther~ folk{es} hym a-geyne, + Fast folloyng w{i}t{h} cart and wayne, 955 + Fro-ward the sytte. + ‘Dere god!’ seyd Torrent nowe, + ‘Leve folk{es}, what Eyllythe yow, + Soo fast fore to flee?’ + ‘There ys a gyante here be-syde, 960 + In ale thys covntre fare and wyde + No mane on lyve levythe hee.’ f. 92b. + + [Linenotes: + 951. _nome_] so F. V; _none_ MS. + 952. _come_] so F. V; _gone_ MS. + 958. _yow_] _nowe_ add. (!) MS.] + +(84) + + [Sidenote: + The Giant Slongus is in Hungary;] + + ‘Dere god,’ sayd Torrant thane, + ‘Where schaƚƚ I fynd that lo{th}ly man~?’ + Ther they answerd hym anone: 965 + ‘In a castyƚƚ be-syd the see, + Slongus, soo hyght hee, + Many a man had he slone. + We wot wiƚƚ wher he doth ly: + Be-fore the cyte of Hungry; 970 + He wiƚƚ not th{en}s gone, + Tyƚƚ he haue the Ryche kyng~ + To hys p{re}sone for to bryngg, + To be lord of hyme self a-lone.’ + + [Linenotes: + 964. _lothly_] so Hall.; _lovely_ MS. + 965. _anone_] so F. V; _a geyne_ MS. + 968. _slone_] so F. V; _slaylne_ (!) MS. + 969. _doth ly_] so F. V; _ys_ MS. + 970. _cyte_] so F. V; _knyghthod_ MS. + _Hungry_] so F. V; _Hongrys_ MS. + 971. _thens_] _thus_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT FINDS THE GIANT SLONGUS IN HUNGARY.] + +(85) + + [Sidenote: + he has broken the City gates, and slain 50 men.] + + Tho wold he no lenger~ a-byd, 975 + But to the sytte gan he Ryde, + As fast as he myght fare; + Here barys feƚƚ and broke downe, + And the gatt{es} of gret Renowne + Stondyng~ aƚƚ baree. 980 + Men of armys stond hyme a-geyne, + Mo than fyfty had he slayne + W{i}t{h} gryme woundd{es} and sare. + When Torrent of hym had a syght, + Thowe Desoneƚƚ be neuyr~ so bryght, 985 + He will Reue hym hys chaff{a}r~. + + [Linenote: + 986. _hym_] _m_ corr. out of _s_. MS. + _chaffer_ MS.] + +(86) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent prays to Christ for help.] + + Torrent in~ the storrope stod + And p{ra}yd to god, þ{a}t dyed on Rode: + ‘Lord, ase thow schalt ale wyld at wyle, + Gyff me g{ra}ce to wyn the fyld, 990 + That thys {lothly} fynd hym yeld + A-non to me tyƚƚ! + A man schaƚƚ But onnys Dyee, f. 93a. + I wiƚƚ fyght, whiƚƚ I may Dryee.’ + He mad cher~ nobyƚƚ. 995 + When he had I{es}u p{ra}yd of g{ra}ce, + He wyscheyd hyme a batteƚƚ plase, + Ther as hym lyst we{ll}e. + + [Linenotes: + 990. _wynd_ (!) MS. _vndyr nethe spere and schyld_ add. (!) MS. + 991. _lothly_] om. MS. + 995. _nobill chere_ MS. + 998. _welle_] _were_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT CHALLENGES THE GIANT SLONGUS.] + +(87) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent blows his horn. The Giant Slongus, of Flonthus,] + + Torrent hys spere a-say be-gane, + Bothe schyld and spere than~, 1000 + That they were sekyr and good. + Aftyr þ{a}t, w{i}t{h} in a throwe, + Hys good horne gane he blowe. + The gyant sawe, wher~ he stodde: + Slong{es} of Flonthus staryd than~; 1005 + Quod Torrent: ‘Yf thow be a gentyƚƚ man~ + Or come of gentyƚƚ blod, + Let thy beytyng and thy Ermyght be, + And come prove thy strenghe on me, + Therfor I sowght the, be the Rodde.’ 1010 + + [Linenote: + 1008. _Let be thy b. a. t. erm._ MS.] + +(88) + + [Sidenote: + says he’ll wring Torrent’s nose. His Crook is 13 ft. long.] + + The gyant sayd: ‘Be the Roode, + Deweƚƚ of heƚƚ send the fode, + Hether to seche me: + By the nose I schaƚƚ the wryng, + Thow berdles gadlyng~, 1015 + That aƚƚ heƚƚ schaƚƚ thow see!’ + The wey than to hym he toke + And on hys bake he bare a croke, + Wase X fot long and thre; + And thow he neu{er} so gret w{a}r~, 1020 + Torrent thowght not fare to fare, + Tyƚƚ wone of them ded bee. f. 93b. + + [Linenotes: + 1011. _sayd_] written above the line. + 1017. _he_] so F. VI; om. MS. + 1018. _he_] _her_ MS. + _croke_] so F. VI; _creke_ (!) MS. + 1020. _were_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT SLAYS THE GIANT SLONGUS OF FLONTHUS.] + +(89) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent charges, pierces the Giant’s eye,] + + Thoo wold Torrent no lenger~ byd, + Tyƚƚ the theff gan he Ryde, + Ase fast ase euyr~ he may. 1025 + The theff had non ey but on~, + Soche sawe I neu{er} none, + {Ne}yther~ be nyght {nor} be day. + Thurrow godd{es} helpe and sent Awsden~ + The spere {throw ye and herne gan ren}. 1030 + God send hym the Ryght wey; + Than the theff be-gane to Rore. + Aƚƚ that in~ the sytte wore, + Ouyr~ the wallys they laye. + + [Linenotes: + 1024. _the_] _f_ add. (!) MS. + 1028. _Blyther_ (!) MS. + _nor_] so F. VI; _and_ MS. + 1030. _throw--ren_] _anon he toke to hym_ MS. + 1033. _wore_] so F. VI; _were_ MS.] + +(90) + + [Sidenote: + then spears him thro’ the body,] + + Thow the fynd{es} ey were owte, 1035 + Fast he leyd hym a-bowte + Aƚƚ þ{a}t somyrr{es} nyght; + He set ys backe to an hyƚƚ, + That Torrent schuld not come hym tyƚƚ, + So meche þ{a}t theff covd of fyght. 1040 + He bled so sore, I vndyrstond, + Hys croke feƚƚ owt of hys hond, + Hys dethe to hyme ys dyght. + Torrent to hyme Rane w{i}t{h} a spere, + Thurrow the body he gan hym bere, 1045 + Thus helpe hym god of myght. + + [Linenote: + 1040. _þat_] þe add. MS.] + + [[_Printed þ with superscript e_]] + +(91) + + [Sidenote: + and kills him. Torrent preserves the Giant’s head.] + + Aƚƚ that in~ the sytte were, + Mad fuƚƚ nobiƚƚ chere, + That thys fynd wase Dedde. + Forthe they Ran w{i}t{h} stavys of tre, f. 94a. 1050 + Torrent seyd: ‘So mvt I the, + Kepe hole hys hed! + Yf yt be broke, so god me sped, + Yt ys wyƚƚ the worse to lede.’ + They dyd ase {he} h{e}m b{e}d{e}, 1055 + Mo than thre hunderd on a throng + Yt ys solas Euyr~ a-mong + Whan that he was dede. + + [Linenotes: + 1047. _That alle_ MS. + 1054. _lede_] _Rede_, struck out and _lede_ added in paler ink. + 1055. _That seson they_ MS. + _he hem_] _hyme_ (!) MS. + _bede_] _bad_ MS. + 1057 _put before_ 1056 MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT GOES TO THE CASTLE OF GIANT SLONGUS.] + + [[Linenote 1056-57: _“MS” printed in italics_]] + +(92) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Calabria feasts him,] + + Than~ the kyng of Calaber ayen~ hym went, + Torrent be the hond he hent, 1060 + To the haƚƚ he gan~ hym lede + And comaundid squiers t{w}o, + Of h{ys} harnes for to do + And cloth hym~ in another wede. + Waytes on the waƚƚ gan blowe, 1065 + Knyghtis assemled on a Rowe, + And sith to the deyse they yede; + ‘Sir,’ quod the kyng, ‘of whens are ye?’ + ‘Of Portingale, sir,’ said he, + ‘I com heder, to sech my de{de}.’ 1070 + + [Linenotes: + 1062. _two_] _tho_ MS. + 1063. _hys_] _her_ MS. + 1070. _deth_ MS.] + +(93) + + [Sidenote: + and takes him to the Giant’s Castle. The King of Calabria gives + Torrent the Giant’s castle,] + + Fuƚƚ curtesly the kyng gan say + {To} Torrent on the oþ{ur}e day: + ‘Wyƚƚ ye wend with me + A lituƚƚ here be-side to passe, + There as the Geaunt{es} dwelling was 1075 + His man{er} now for to see?’ + To the casteƚƚ gan~ they gone, + Richer saw they never none, + Better myght none be. + ‘Sir,’ he said, ‘be god aƚƚ-myȝt~, 1080 + For thou hym~ slew, þat it dight, + I vouche it saue on the, + + [Linenotes: + 1072. _To T._] _Torrent said_ MS. + 1081. _it_] _is_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT HEARS THAT DESONELL IS TO WED A KING.] + +(94) + + [Sidenote: + and an Earldom. The Castle’s name is Cardon.] + + ‘I yeve {yt} the, s{ir}, of my {h}ond, f. 94b. + And there-to, an erledome of {my} lond, + For soth, ye shaƚƚ it haue; 1085 + Omage thou shalte none {nor} ffyne, + But euer more to the and thyne, + Frely, so god me saue!’ + Lordys, and ye liston wold, + What was clepud the riche hold: 1090 + The casteƚƚ of Cardon~, {by sawe}. + Two days or thre dwellith he th{a}re + And sith he takythe {leve} to ffare, + Both at knyght and knave. + + [Linenotes: + 1083. _yt_] om. MS. + _of_] _alle_ add. MS. + _hond_] _lond_ MS. + 1084. _my_] om. MS. + 1086. _nor_] om. MS. + 1091. _by s._] om. MS. + 1092. _there_ MS.] + +(95) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent hears that Desonell is to marry a strange King.] + + By the kyng of P{er}vens he gan gane, 1095 + That he had oute {of preson} i-tane + His son vppon a day. + Gentilmen were blith and ffayn~, + That he in helth was comyn~ agayn~, + That they myght with hym~ play. 1100 + There of herd he, s{er}tayn{le}, + That Desoneƚƚ wedid shold be + With an vncouth Ray. + And listonyth, lordis, of a chaunce, + Howe he lefte his countenaunce 1105 + And takyth hym~ armes gay! + + [Linenotes: + 1098. _leve_] _the way_ MS. + 1096. _of preson_] om. MS. + 1101. _sertayn_ MS. + 1103. _vnc._] _a_ add. MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS KNIGHTED. DESONELL IS MARRIED.] + +(96) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Provyns knights Torrent.] + + By-fore the kyng he feƚƚ on kne: + ‘Good lord,’ he said, ‘for charite, + Yeve me order of knyght! + I wott weƚƚ, leryd are ye, 1110 + My lordys doughter shaƚƚ wed be + To a man~ off myght.’ + ‘Sir,’ he said, ‘I trow, she mone f. 95a. + To the prynce off Aragon~, + By this day sevynnyght. 1115 + Swith,’ he seith, ‘that this be done, + That thou be there and wyn~ thy shone, + Gete the armes bryght.’ + + [Linenotes: + 1110. _ye are leryd_ MS. + 1111. _be wed_ MS. + 1115 and 1118 have changed their place in the MS.] + +(97) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent has an azure shield with a gold squire on it; and a grinning + dragon of gold on the crest of his helmet.] + + Sir Torrent ordenyth hym a sheld, + It was ryche in euery ffeld, 1120 + Listonyth, what he bare: + O{n} aȝure a squier off gold, + Richely bett on mold; + Listonyth, what he ware: + A dragon~ lying hym be-syde, 1125 + His mouth grennyng fuƚƚ wyde, + Aƚƚ ffyghtyng as they were; + The creste, that on his hede shold stond, + Hit was aƚƚ gold shynand, + Thus previd he hym~ there. 1130 + + [Linenote: + 1122. _On_] _of_ MS.] + +(98) + + [Sidenote: + He hears that Desonell’s marriage is certain.] + + Lordys assembelid in sale, + Weƚƚ mo than I haue in tale, + Or ellis gret wonder were. + There herd {he} teƚƚ ffor certan~, + That Desoneƚƚ wed shold be than~, 1135 + That was hym selfe ffuƚƚ dere. + And whan~ he herd of that ffare, + Wors tydingis than were thare, + Might he none gladly here . . . . . . . + + [Linenote: + 1134. _he_] _l_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT CHALLENGES THE PRINCE OF ARAGON.] + +(99) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent rides into the Hall where Desonell is, and challenges any + one to fight him for her.] + + He wold not in passe, 1140 + Tiƚƚ {at} the myd mete was + The kyng and meny a knyght; + As they satt at theyre {mete} glade, + In at the haƚƚ dur {he} rade + In armes ffeyre and bryght, f. 95b. 1145 + With a squier, that is ffre; + Vp to the lady ryduth he, + That rychely was i-dight. + ‘Lordys,’ he said, ‘among you aƚƚ + I chalenge thre coursus in the haƚƚ, 1150 + {Or} Delyuer {her} me with right!’ + + [Linenotes: + 1141. _at_] om. MS. + 1143. _mete_] om. MS. + 1144. _he_] _they_ MS. + 1151. _Delyuer it me_ MS.] + +(100) + + [Sidenote: + The Prince of Aragon accepts,] + + The kyng of Aragon~ sett her bye, + And he defendid her nobely: + ‘I wyƚƚ none delyu{er} the.’ + His son said: ‘So muste I thryve, 1155 + There shaƚƚ no man just for my wiffe; + But yf youre wyƚƚ it be, + For her love did I never no dede, + I shaƚƚ to day, so god me spede: + Be-hold and ye shaƚƚ se.’ 1160 + ‘Alas!’ said Desoneƚƚ the dere, + ‘Fuƚƚ longe may I sitt here, + Or Torrent chalenge me.’ + +(101) + + [Sidenote: + and the lists are made ready. Torrent unhorses the Prince of + Aragon,] + + Trumpett{es} blew in the prese, + Lordys stond on {the grese}, 1165 + Ladyes lay ou{er} and be-held. + The prynce and Torrent th{e}n + Eyther to other gan ren~, + Smertely in that ffeld; + Torrent sett on hym~ so sore, 1170 + That hors and man down~ he bore, + And aƚƚ to-sheverd his sheld. + So they tombelid aƚƚ in ffere, + That afterward of VII yere + The prynce none armes myght weld. 1175 + + [Linenote: + 1165. _the grese_] _reugis_ or _rengis_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT BEATS THE PRINCE OF ARAGON.] + +(102) + + [Sidenote: + and he is carried indoors.] + + Torrent said: ‘So god me saue, + Other two coursus wyƚƚ I haue, f. 96a. + Yf ye do me law of lond.’ + Gret lordys stond styƚƚ, + They said nether good ne yƚƚ 1180 + For tynding of his hond. + The prynce of Aragon~ in they barr~ + With lituƚƚ worshipp and sydes sare, + He had no fote on ffor to stond. + Thus thes lordys justid aye; 1185 + Better {they} had to haue be away, + Suche comffort there he ffond. + + [Linenotes: + 1167. _than_ MS. + 1186. _they_] _he_ MS. + 1187. _ffound_ MS.] + +(103) + + [Sidenote: + At dinner, Torrent lays Slongus’s head on the table.] + + He wold not in passe, + Tiƚƚ they at myd mete was, + On the other day at none. 1190 + His squiers habite he had, + Whan~ he to the deyse yad, + With oute couped shone, + And the hede on~ the bord he laid: + ‘Lo, s{ir} kyng, hold this,’ he said, 1195 + ‘Or ellis wroth we anon~!’ + They sett stiƚƚ at the bord, + None of hem spake one word, + But ryght that he had done. + + [Linenote: + 1198. _They spake nether ylle ne good_ add. (!) MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT CLAIMS DESONELL, AND HALF PORTUGAL.] + +(104) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent proclaims the promise of the King of Portugal to give him + Desonell, and half Portugal, if he slew Slongus.] + + Torrent at the syde bord stode: 1200 + ‘Lystonyth, lordyng{es}, gentiƚƚ of blood, + For the love of god aƚƚ-myght: + The kyng heyght me his doughter dere, + To ffyght with a ffendys ffere, + That wekyd was and wight, 1205 + To wed her to my wyffe, + And halffe his kyngdome be his liffe, + And after his days aƚƚ his ryght. [1209] + Lokyth, lordys, you among, f. 96b. + Whether he do me ryght or wrong!’ 1210 + Tho waried hym~ both kyng & knyght. + + [Linenote: + 1211. _&_] _ky_, struck out, add. MS.] + +(105) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Aragon says his son has wedded Desonell. He will be + revenged on the King of Portugal.] + + Tho said the kyng of Aragon, i-wys: + ‘Torrent, I wiste no thing of thys, + A gret maister arte thou!’ + The kyng sware be seynt Gryffen~: 1215 + ‘With a sword thou shalte her wynne, + Or thou haue her nowe: + For why, my son to her was wed, + Gret lordys to churche her led, [1220] + I take wittnes of aƚƚ you.’ 1220 + ‘Kyng Calamond, haue good day, + Thou shalt i-bye it, and I may, + To god I make avowe.’ + + [Linenote: + 1220. _you alle_ MS.] + +(106) + + [Sidenote: + To settle the quarrel, the Emperor suggests a fight between 2 + Champions.] + + The Emp{er}oure of Rome ther was, + Be-twene thes kyng{es} gan~ he passe 1225 + And said: ‘Lordys, as sone, + This squier, that hath brought this hede, + The kyng had wend he had be dede, + And a-venturly gan~ he gone: [1230] + I rede you take a day of {ryghtes}, 1230 + And do it vppon~ two knyght{es}, + And let no man~ be sl{o}n~!’ + Gret lordys, that were thare, + This talis lovid at that fare + And ordenyd tha{t} anon~. 1235 + + [Linenotes: + 1230. _ryghtes_] _Restys_ MS. + 1232. _slayn_ MS. + 1235. _that_] _than_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS TO FIGHT THE GIANT CATE.] + +(107) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Aragon sends to the giant Cate to fight Torrent] + + To the kyng {the thoght} com~ was, + To send vnto Sathanas + For a geaunt, that hight Cate, + For to make hym~ knyght to his hond [1240] + And sease hym~ in aƚƚ his lond; 1240 + The messingere toke the gate. f. 97a. + Gret othes he sware hym than~, + That he shold ffyght but w{i}t{h} one man~, + And purvey hym he bad + Iryn stavis two or thre, 1245 + For to ffyght with Torent ffre, + Though he there of ne w{a}tt. + + [Linenotes: + 1236. _the thoght_ om. MS. + 1247. _wott_ MS.] + +(108) + + [Sidenote: + on an island for half Portugal.] + + Than take counseƚƚ kyng and knyght, + On lond that he shold not ffyght, [1250] + But ffar oute in the see, 1250 + In an yle long and br{a}d; + A gret payn~ there was made, + That holdyn~ shold it be. + Yf Cate slow Torent, that ffre ys, + Halfe Portyngale shold be his, 1255 + To spend with dedys ffre; + And yf s{ir} Torrent myght hym ou{er}-com~, + He shold haue halfe Aragon~, + Was better than suche thre. [1260] + + [Linenotes: + 1248. _couns._] _of_ add. MS. + 1251. _brod_ MS.] + +[Headnote: THE GIANT CATE, AND TORRENT, GO TO THE ISLAND.] + +(109) + + [Sidenote: + The Giant Cate comes to an Island.] + + The Gyaunt shipped in a while 1260 + And sett hym~ oute in an yle, + That was grow both grene and gay. + Sir Torrent com~ prekand on a stede, + Richely armed in his wede; + ‘Lordyngys,’ gan he say, 1265 + ‘It is semely ffor a knyght, + Vppon a stede ffor to ffyght.’ + They said sone: ‘Nay, + He is so hevy, he can not ryde. [1270] + Torrent said: ‘Eviƚƚ mut he be-tyde, 1270 + Falshode, woo worth it aye!’ + +(110) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent prays for Christ’s help,] + + ‘Sir, takyth houseƚƚ and shrefte!’ f. 97b. + To god he did his hondys lifte, + And thankid hym of his sond: + ‘I{es}u Cryste, I the praye, 1275 + Send me myght and strengith this day + A-yen~ the ffend to stond!’ + To the shipp s{ir} Torent went, + With the grace, god had hym sent, [1280] + That was never ffayland; 1280 + Aƚƚ the lordys of that contre, + Frome Rome vnto the Grekys se, + Stode and be-held on lond. + + [Linenotes: + 1278. This line begins with a big initial letter. + _Torent_] _yode_, struck out, add. MS. + 1283. _On lond stode and be held_ MS.] + +(111) + + [Sidenote: + and lands in the Island too. The Giant knocks Torrent’s staff out of + his hand,] + + Whan s{ir} Torrent in to the Ile was brought, + The shipmen~ lenger wold tary nought, 1285 + But hied hem sone ageyn~; + The Giaunt said: ‘So must I the, + Sir, thou art welcom to me, + Thy deth is not to layn~!’ [1290] + The ffirste stroke to hym he yaue, 1290 + Oute of his hand flew his staff: + That thefe was fuƚƚ fayn~. + Tho s{ir} Torent went nere Cate, . . . . . + He thought, he wold hym~ haue slayn~. + +[Headnote: TORRENT KILLS THE GIANT CATE WITH COBBLE-STONES.] + +(112) + + [Sidenote: + and runs into the sea. Torrent shies cobble-stones at him, kills + him,] + + The theff couth no better wonne, 1295 + In to the see rennyth he sone, + As faste as he myght ffare. + Sir Torrent gaderid cobled stonys, [1300] + Good and handsom ffor the nonys, + That good and round w{a}re; 1300 + Meny of them to hym~ he caste, + He threw stonys on hym so faste, + That he was sad and s{a}re. + To the ground he did hym feƚƚ, f. 98a. + Men~ myght here the fend yeƚƚ 1305 + Halfe a myle and m{a}re. + + [Linenotes: + 1298. _gad._] _good_ add. MS. + 1300. _were_ MS. + 1303. _sore_ MS. + 1306. _more_ MS.] + +(113) + + [Sidenote: + and he is towd ashore. Torrent is shipt to the mainland.] + + Sir Torent said, as he was wonne, + He thankid I{es}u, Maryes son~, [1310] + That kyng, that sent hym myȝt~; + He said: ‘Lordys, for charite, 1310 + A bote that ye send to me, + It is nere hand nyght!’ + They Reysed a gale w{i}t{h} a sayƚƚ, + The Geaunt to lond for to trayƚƚ, + Aƚƚ men wonderid on that wight. 1315 + Whan that they had so done, + They went to s{ir} Torent fuƚƚ sone + And shipped that comly knyght. [1320] + +[Headnote: TORRENT WINS DESONELL, LANDS, AND A CITY.] + +(114) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent is awarded Desonell, territory, and the City of Cargon. + Desonell is divorst from the Prince of Aragon.] + + The emp{er}oure of Rome was there, + {The kynges} of P{er}vens and of Calabere yare, 1320 + And other two or thre. + They yaue s{ir} Torent, that he wan, + Both the Erth and the woman~, + And said, weƚƚ worthy was he. + Sir Torent had in Aragon~ 1325 + The riche Cite of Cargon~ + And aƚƚ that riche contre; + Archbeshoppes, as the law feƚƚ, [1330] + Dep{ar}tid the prynce and Dissoneƚƚ + With gret solempnite. 1330 + + [Linenotes: + 1320. _The kynges_] om. MS. + 1321. _other_] _kynges_ add. MS. + _or_] _the_ add. MS.] + +(115) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Portugal acknowledges Torrent,] + + For s{ir} Torent the fend did faƚƚ, + Gret lordys honoured hym~ aƚƚ + And for a doughty knyght hym~ tase; + The kyng said: ‘I vnderstond, + Thou hast fought ffor my dought{er} + & my lond, f. 98b. 1335 + And weƚƚ wonne her thou hase.’ + He gaue to s{aint} Nycholas de Barr~ + A grett Erldome and a {si}marr~ [1340] + That abbey of hym {tas} + For I{es}us love, moch of myght, 1340 + That hym helpith day & nyght, + Whan~ he to the batteƚƚ {gas}. + + [Linenotes: + 1337. _saint_] _sir_ MS. + 1338. _simarr{e}_] _marr_ MS. + 1339. _tas_] _redith_ MS. + 1342. _gas_] _yode_ MS.] + +(116) + + [Sidenote: + and the Queen is glad. The King of Portugal bids Torrent wait 6 + months and a day for Desonell.] + + Lordys than~ at the laste, + Echone on theyre way paste, + And euery man~ to his. 1345 + The quene of Portingale was ffayn~, + That s{ir} Torent was com agayn~ + And thankyd god of this. [1350] + Than said the kyng: ‘I vnderstond, + Thou hast fought for my dought{er} & my lond, 1350 + And art my ward, i-wys, + And I wyƚƚ not ageyn~ the say; + But abyde halfe yere and a day, + And broke her weƚƚ with blis!’ + +[Headnote: TORRENT BEGETS TWINS ON DESONELL.] + +(117) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent passes a night with Desonell.] + + Torent said: ‘So muste I the, 1355 + Sith it wyƚƚ no better be, + I cord with that assent!’ + After mete, as I you teƚƚ, [1360] + To speke with mayden~ Desoneƚƚ, + To her chamber he went. 1360 + The damyseƚƚ so moche of pride + Set hym on~ her bed-syde, + And said: ‘Welcom~, verament!’ + Such gestenyng he a-right, + That there he dwellid aƚƚ nyȝt~ 1365 + With that lady gent. f. 99a. + +(118) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Norway begs him to come and fight a Giant there.] + + Sir Torent dwellid thare + Twelffe wekys and mare, [1370] + Tiƚƚ letters com hym tiƚƚ + Fro the kyng of Norway; 1370 + For I{es}us love he did hym p{r}aye, + Yf it were his wyƚƚ, + He shold com as a doughty knyght, + With a Geaunt for to ffyght, + That wyƚƚ his londys spyƚƚ; 1375 + He wold hym yeve his doughter dere + And halfe Norway ffar and nere, + Both be hold and be hyƚƚ. [1380] + +[Headnote: TORRENT SAILS TO FIGHT A NORWEGIAN GIANT.] + +(119) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent gives all his land to the King for Desonell;] + + Sir Torent said: ‘So god me saue, + I-nough to lyve vppon I haue, 1380 + I wyƚƚ desire no more; + But it be, for I{es}u is sake + A poynt of armes for to take, + That hath helpid me be-ffore. + I yeve the here oute of my hond 1385 + To thy doughter aƚƚ my lond, + Yf that I end th{o}re.’ + And whan~ he toke his way to passe, [1390] + Mo than ffyfty with hym was, + That fals to hym~ w{o}re. 1390 + + [Linenotes: + 1387. _there_ MS. + 1390. _were_ MS.] + +(120) + + [Sidenote: + leaves 2 gold rings with her,] + + +S+yr Torent to the lady went, + Fuƚƚ curtesly and gent: . . . . . + ‘Desoneƚƚ, haue good day! + I muste now on my jurnay, + A kyngis lond for to fend. 1395 + Thes gold ryng{es} I shaƚƚ yeve the, + Kepe {them} weƚƚ, my lady ffre, + Yf god a child vs send!’ [1400] + She toke the ryngis with moche care, f. 99b. + Thries in sownyng feƚƚ she thare, 1400 + Whan she saw, that he wold wend. + + [Linenotes: + 1393. _Denoselle_ MS. + 1397. _them_] om. MS.] + +(121) + + [Sidenote: + and goes on board ship with his steed and armour. Torrent gets to + Norway.] + + Shipp and takyƚƚ they dight, + Stede and armo{ur} ffor to ffyght + To the bote they bare. + Gentilmen~, that were hend, 1405 + Toke her leve at theyre frend, + With hym ffor to fare. + Kyng Colomond, is not to layn~, [1410] + He wold, that he cam nev{ur}e agayn~; + There fore god yeff hym~ care! 1410 + So within the ffyfty dayes + He Come in to the lond of Norways, + Hard Contre ffound he thare. + +[Headnote: TORRENT REACHES NORWAY, AND HEARS OF A GIANT.] + +(122) + + [Sidenote: + The shipmen tell him of a Giant.] + + Thus s{ir} Torrent, for soth, is fare, + A noble wynd droffe hym~ thare, 1415 + Was blowyng oute of the weste. + Of the Coste of Norway they had a sight . . . [1419] + Of sayling they were aƚƚ preste. + So ffeyre a wynd had the knyght, + A lituƚƚ be-ffore the mydnyght 1420 + He Rode be a foreste. + The shipmen said: ‘We be shent; + Here dwellith a geaunt, verament, + On his lond are we {kest}!’ + + [Linenote: + 1424. _kest_] _sett_ MS.] + +(123) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent resolves to land.] + + The maistershipm{o}n~ said: ‘Nowe 1425 + I Rede, we take down~ sayle & Rowe, + While we haue this tyde. [1430] + Sir,’ he said, ‘be god aƚƚmyght, + The giant lieth euery nyght + On~ the mowntayn~ here be-syde; 1430 + My lord the kyng wyƚƚ not ffyght, f. 100a. + Tiƚƚ he of you haue a sight, + On you ys aƚƚ his pryde!’ + Sir Torrent said: ‘Here my hond! + Sith we be ryven on this lond, 1435 + To nyght wyƚƚ I ryde.’ + + [Linenotes: + 1425. _maistershipmen_ MS. + 1429. _lieth_] _here_ add. MS. + 1434. _Torerent_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT LANDS IN THE FOREST OF BRASILL.] + +(124) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent and his knights arm.] + + Sir Torent armyd hym~ anon [1440] + And his knyght{es} euerychone + With sheld and spere in hond. + The shipmen~ said: ‘As mut I thryve, 1440 + I Rede, that euery man~ other shryve, + Or that we go to the lond.’ + Sir Torent said: ‘As god me spede, + We wiƚƚ firste se that ffede, + My lord was never f{ail}and! 1445 + Gentilmen, ma{k}e chere good, + For I{es}u love, that died on Rood, [1450] + He wiƚƚ be oure waraunt!’ + + [Linenotes: + 1445. _fleand_ MS. + 1446. _make_] _made_ MS.] + +(125) + + [Sidenote: + They reach the Forest of Brasill. The coward knights flee to the + ship, and leave Torrent alone.] + + In a forest can~ they passe, + Of Brasiƚƚ, saith the boke, it was, 1450 + With bowes brod and wyde. + Lyons and berys there they ff{a}nd + And wyld best{es} aboute goand, + Reysing on euery side. + Thes men~ of armes, w{i}t{h} trayn~ 1455 + To the shipp they flew agayn~ + In to the see at that tyde; [1460] + Fast from land row they be-gan~, + A-bove they left that gentilman~, + With wyld beestis to haue kyde. 1460 + + [Linenotes: + 1451. _bowes_] _browes_ MS. + 1452. _ffound_ MS. + 1460. _k_ corrected out of _r_.] + +(126) + + [Sidenote: + False tales of Torrent are told to the King of Norway.] + + The shipmen~ of the same lond + Ryved vp, I vnderstond, + In another lond off hold. f. 100b. + To the chamber they toke the way, + There the kyng hym~ selfe lay, 1465 + And fals talis hym~ told . . . . . . + For he wold not the geaunt abyde, [1470] + For aƚƚ this contrey feyre and wyde, + Thouȝ he yeff it hym wold. + + [Linenote: + 1465 put before 1464 MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT COMES ON 2 DRAGONS IN A VALLEY.] + +(127) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Norway wants Torrent to come.] + + ‘Sir kyng, ye haue youre selfe 1470 + Erlis {doughty be} ten~ or twelfe, + Better know I none: + Send youre messingeris ffar and wyde, + For to ffeƚƚ the geaunt{es} pride, + That youre doughter hath tane.’ 1475 + ‘I had lever to haue that knyght; + With hym~ is grace of god aƚƚmyȝt~, + To be here at his bane.’ [1480] + Fuƚƚ lituƚƚ wist that riche kyng + Of s{ir} Torrent{es} ryding 1480 + In the forest aƚƚ alone. + + [Linenotes: + 1471. _doughty be_] om. MS. + 1476. _that_] _ky_, struck out, add. MS.] + +(128) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent rides up to 2 Dragons.] + + Thorouȝ helpe of god that w{i}t{h} hym was, + Fro the wyld bestis gan~ he passe + To an hye hyƚƚ. + A lituƚƚ while be-fore the day 1485 + He herd in a valey + A dynnyng and a yeƚƚ. [1490] + Theder than~ riduth he, + To loke, what thing it myȝt be, + What adventure tha{re} be-feƚƚ. 1490 + It were two dragons stiff and strong, + Vppon~ theyre lay they sat and song, + Be-side a depe weƚƚ. + + [Linenote: + 1490. _thare_] _that_ MS.] + +(129) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent prays to Christ, spears the first Dragon;] + + Sir Torent said thanne + To god, that made man~ f. 101a. 1495 + And died uppon~ a tree: + ‘Lord, as thou mayst aƚƚ weld, [1500] + Yeve me grace, to wyn~ the feld + Of thes ffendys on{fre}!’ + Whan he had his p{r}ayers made, 1500 + Pertely to hem~ he Rade + And one thorouȝ oute bare he. + Thus sped the knyght at his comyng + Thorough the helpe of hevyn~ kyng: + Lord, lovid muste thou be! 1505 + + [Linenotes: + 1499. _onfre_] _ontrewe_ MS. + 1502. _he bare_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT KILLS THE 2 DRAGONS, AND SEES A CASTLE.] + +(130) + + [Sidenote: + and then kills the second.] + + The other dragon wold not flee, . . . . . + But sho{w}ith aƚƚ his myght; [1510] + He smote ffire, that lothely thing, + As it were the lightnyng, + Vppon~ that comly knyght. 1510 + There fore s{ir} Torent wold not lett, + But on~ the dragon) fast~ he bett + And over-come that foule wight. + Tho anon the day sprong, + Fowles Rose, mery they song, 1515 + The sonne a-Rose on hyȝ{t}. + + [Linenotes: + 1507. _shotith_ MS. + 1516. _hyȝe_ MS.] + +(131) + + [Sidenote: + He sees a Castle.] + + Torent of the day was fuƚƚ blithe, [1520] + And of the valey he did hym~ swith, + As fast as euer he may. + To a mowntayn~ he rode ryght, 1520 + Of a casteƚƚ he had a sight + With towrys hyȝe and gay . . . . . . + He come in to an hyȝe strete, + Few folke gan~ he mete, + To wis hym~ the way. 1525 + + [Linenote: + 1525. _wish_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT BEFORE THE NORSE GIANT’S CASTLE.] + +(132) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent rides to the Norse Giant’s castle gates.] + + To the gatys tho he R{a}de; + Fuƚƚ craftely they were made f. 101b. + Of Irun~ and eke of tree. [1531] + One tre stonding there he ffond: + Nyne oxen~ of that lond 1530 + Shold not drawe the tre. + The Giaunt wrought vp his w{a}ƚƚ + And laid stonys gret and smaƚƚ: + A lothely man~ was he. + ‘Now,’ quod Torrent, ‘I {n}ot, whare, 1535 + My squiers be ffro me to fare, + Euer waried th{ey} be! [1540] + + [Linenotes: + 1526. _rode_ MS. + 1529. _ffound_ MS. + 1532. _welle_ MS. + 1535. _wot_ MS. + 1537. _they_] _thou_ MS.] + +(133) + + [Sidenote: + He considers what he shall do, and resolves to fight.] + + ‘Lord god, what is beste, + So I{es}u me helpe, Est or Weste, + I Can not Rede to {say}. 1540 + Yf I to the shipp fare, + No shipmen~ ffynd {I} thare; + It is long, sith they were away. + Other wayes yf I wend, + Wyld bestis wyƚƚ me shend: 1545 + Falshede, woo worth it aye! + I ffyght here, I{es}u, for thy sake; [1560] + Lord, to me kepe thou take, + As thou best may!’ + + [Linenotes: + 1540. _say_] _done_ MS. + 1542. _And no_ MS. + _I_] om. MS.] + +(134) + + [Sidenote: + He baits his steed. The Norse Giant prepares to fight.] + + Down~ light this gentiƚƚ knyght, 1550 + To Rest hym~ a lituƚƚ wight, + And vnbrydelid his stede + And let hym~ bayte on~ the ground, + And aventid hym~ in~ that stound, + There of he had gret nede. 1555 + The Gyaunt yode and gaderid stone + And sye, where the knyght gan~ gone, [1570] + Aƚƚ armed in dede; f. 102a. + And wot ye weƚƚ and not wene, + Whan eyther of hem had other sene, 1560 + Smertely {they} rerid her dede. + + [Linenotes: + 1553. _bayte_] _hym_ add. MS. + 1561. _they_] om. MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT GETS ASSURANCE FROM HEAVEN.] + +(135) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent prays to Christ, and is cheerd by a voice from Heaven.] + + For that s{ir} Torent had hym sene, + He worth vppon his stede, I wene, + And I{es}u prayd{e} he tiƚƚ: + ‘Mary son~, thou here my bone, 1565 + As I am~ in venturus s{t}ad come, + My jurnay {to} fuƚƚ-ffyƚƚ!’ [1580] + A voys was fro hevyn~ sent + And said: ‘Be blith, s{ir} Torent, + And yeve the no thing yƚƚ, 1570 + To ffyght with my lordys enemy: + Whether that thou lyve or dye, + Thy mede the quyte he wyƚƚ!’ + + [Linenotes: + 1566. _sad_ MS. + 1567. _to_] _than_ MS. + 1573. _He wylle quyte the thy mede_ MS.] + +(136) + + [Sidenote: + The Giant advances against Torrent.] + + Be that the giaunt had hym dight, + Cam~ ageyn~ that gentiƚƚ knyght, 1575 + As bold as eny bore; + He bare on~ his nek a croke, [1590] + Woo were the man~, that he ou{er}toke, + It was twelfe ffote and more. + ‘Sir,’ he said, ‘ffor charite, 1580 + Loke, curtes man~ that thou be, + Yf thy wyƚƚ ware: + I haue so fought aƚƚ this nyght + With thy II dragons wekyd and wight, + They haue bett me fuƚƚ sore.’ 1585 + +[Headnote: THE NORSE GIANT, WERAUNT, WOUNDS TORRENT.] + +(137) + + [Sidenote: + The Giant says he’ll punish Torrent for killing his 2 Dragons and + his Brother Cate.] + + The Geaunt said: ‘Be my fay, + Wors tyding{es} to me this day [1600] + I myght not goodly here. + Thorough the valey as thou cam~, + My two dragons hast thou slan~, 1590 + My solempnite they were. f. 102b. + To the I haue fuƚƚ good gate; + For thou slow my brother Cate, + That thou shalte by fuƚƚ dere!’ + Be-twene the giaunt and the knyght 1595 + Men myght se buffett{es} right, + Who so had be there. [1610] + + [Linenote: + 1590. _slayne_ MS.] + +(138) + + [Sidenote: + The Giant’s crook cuts through Torrent’s shield to his flesh, and + sticks there.] + + Sir Torent yaue to hym~ a brayd; + He levid that the aungeƚƚ said, + Of deth yaue he no{ught}. 1600 + In to the brest he hym~ bare, + His spere hede lefte he thare, + So eviƚƚ was hitt {bythought}. + The Giaunt hym ayen~ smate + Thorough his sheld and his plate, 1605 + In to the flesh it sought; + And sith he pullith at his croke, [1620] + So fast in to the flesh it toke, + That oute myȝt he gete it nought. + + [Linenotes: + 1600. _nought_] _no dynt_ MS. + 1603. _byth._] _mynt_ MS.] + +(139) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent throws his shield and the Giant’s crook into the water. The + Giant goes in after them and is drowned.] + + On hym~ he hath it broke, 1610 + Glad pluckys there he toke, + Set sadly and s{a}re. + Sir Torent stalworth satt, + Oute of his handys he it gatt, + No lenger dwellid he th{a}re. 1615 + In to the water he cast his sheld, + Croke and aƚƚ to-geders it held, [1630] + Fare after, how so euer it ffare. + The Geaunt folowid w{i}t{h} aƚƚ his mayn~, + And he come never quyk agayn~: 1620 + God wold, that so it ware. + + [Linenotes: + 1612. _sore_ MS. + 1615. _there_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT SLAYS THE NORSE GIANT, WERAUNT.] + +(140) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent rides to the Giant’s castle,] + + Sir Torent bet hym~ there, f. 103a. + Tiƚƚ that this fend did were, + Or he thens wend. + On hym had he hurt but ane, 1625 + Lesse myght be a mann{us} bane, + But god is fuƚƚ hend: [1640] + Thorough grace of hym, that aƚƚ shaƚƚ weld, + There the knyght had the feld, + Such grace god did hym~ send. 1630 + Be than it nyed nere hand nyȝt~, + To a casteƚƚ he Rode right, + Aƚƚ nyght there to lend. + + [Linenote: + 1626. _But lesse_ MS.] + +(141) + + [Sidenote: + and finds a fair Lady there. Torrent asks for a night’s lodging.] + + In the casteƚƚ found he nought, + That god on the Rode bought; 1635 + High vppon~ a toure, + As he caste a side lokyng, [1650] + He saw a lady in her bed syttyng, + White as lylye ffloure; + Vp a-Rose that lady bryght, 1640 + And said: ‘Welcom~, s{ir} knyght, + That fast art in stoure!’ + ‘Damyseƚƚ, welcom~ mut thou be! + Graunt thou me, for charite, + Of one nyghtis so{i}oure!’ 1645 + + [Linenote: + 1645. _socoure_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT IN THE GIANT WERAUNT’S CASTLE.] + +(142) + + [Sidenote: + The Lady says the Giant Weraunt will kill him.] + + ‘By Mary,’ said that lady clere, + ‘Me for-thinkith, that thou com~ here, [1660] + Thy deth now is dight; + For here dwellith a geaunt, + He is clepud Weraunt, 1650 + He is {to} the deviƚƚ be-taught. + To day at morn~ he toke his croke, + Forth at the yat{es} the way he toke, + And said, he wold haue a draught; f. 103b. + And here be chambers two or thre, 1655 + In one of hem I shaƚƚ hide the, + God the saue ffrome harmes right!’ [1670] + + [Linenotes: + 1650. _Weraunt_] _weraumt_ (?) MS. + 1651. _to_] _of_ MS.] + +(143) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent tells her to come and see the Giant.] + + ‘Certayn~,’ tho said the knyght, + ‘That theffe I saw to nyght, + Here be-side a sla{d}e. 1660 + He was a ferly freke in ffyght, + With hym faught a yong knyght, + Ech on other laid good l{a}de; + Me thought weƚƚ, as he stode, + He was of the fend{us} blood, 1665 + So Rude was he made. + Dame, yf thou leve not me, [1680] + Com~ nere, and thou shalt se, + Which of hem ab{a}de.’ + + [Linenotes: + 1660. _slate_ or _flate_ MS. + 1663. _lode_ MS. + 1669. _abode_ MS.] + +(144) + + [Sidenote: + The Norwegian Princess sees the Giant’s corpse, and praises his + slayer.] + + Blith was that lady bryght 1670 + For to se that {selly} sight: + With the knyght went she. + Whan she cam, where the Geaunt lay, + ‘Sir,’ she said, ‘p{ar}maffay + I wott weƚƚ, it is he. 1675 + Other he was of god aƚƚ-myght + Or seynt George, oure lady knyȝt~, [1690] + That there his bane hath be. + Yf eny cryston~ man smyte hym down~, + He is worthy to haue renown~ 1680 + Thorough oute aƚƚ crystiaunte.’ + + [Linenote: + 1671. _selly_] om. MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT RESCUES THE PRINCESS OF NORWAY.] + +(145) + + [Sidenote: + She tells Torrent that her Father gave her, as his ransom, to the + Giant.] + + ‘I haue wonder,’ said the knyght, + ‘How he gate the, lady bryght, + Fro my lord the kyng.’ + ‘Sir,’ she said, ‘verament, f. 104a. 1685 + As my fader on huntyng went + Erly in a mornyng, [1700] + For{e} his men pursued a dere, + To his casteƚƚ, that stondith here, + That doth my hondys wryng, 1690 + This Giaunt hym toke, wo he be! + For his love he gevith hym~ me, + He wold none other thinge.’ + + [Linenote: + 1688. _For_ MS.] + +(146) + + Forth she brought bred and wyne, + Fayn~ he was for to dyne . . . . . . 1695 + This knyght made noble chere, + Though that he woundid were [1710] + With the Geaunt strong. + +(147) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent takes her away. Torrent longs for Desonell. The Norwegian + Princess sees her Father.] + + Sir Torrent dwellid no lenger thare, + Than~ he myȝt away fare 1700 + With that lady bryght. + ‘Now, I{es}u, that made heƚƚ, + Send me on lyve to Desoneƚƚ, + That I my trouth to plight!’ + Tho sye they be a forest syde 1705 + Men~ of armes ffaste ride + On coursers comly dight. [1720] + The lady said: ‘So mvst I thee, + It is my fader, is com for me, + With the Geaunt to ffyght.’ 1710 + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS WELCOMD BY THE KING OF NORWAY.] + +(148) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent is recognised] + + An harood said anon~ right: + ‘Yon I se an armed knyght, + And no squier, but hym~ one: + He is so {big} of bone & blood, + He is the Geaunt, be the Rode!’ 1715 + Som~ seith, he riduth vppon~. + ‘Nay,’ said the kyng, ‘verament, f. 104b. [1820] + It is the knyght, that I after sent, + I thanke god and seynt Iohñ, + For the Geaunt slayn~) hath he 1720 + And wonne my dought{er}, weƚƚ is me! + Aƚƚ his men are {a}t{o}ne!’ + + [Linenotes: + 1714. _big_] _long_ MS. + 1722. _at._] _tane_ MS.] + +(149) + + [Sidenote: + and welcomd by the King of Norway. His wounds are drest.] + + Wott ye weƚƚ, with Ioy and blis + Sir Torent there recevid ys, + As doughty man~ of dede. 1725 + The kyng and other lordys gent + Said, ‘Welcom~, s{ir} Torent, [1830] + In to this vncouth {thede}!’ + In to a state they hym~ brought, + Lechis sone his woundis sought; 1730 + They said, so god hem spede, + Were there no lyve but ane, + His liffe they wyƚƚ not vndertane, + For no gold ne ffor mede. + + [Linenote: + 1728. _thede_] _lond_ MS.] + +[Headnote: PRINCESS GENDRES. TORRENT STAYS A YEAR IN NORWAY.] + +(150) + + [Sidenote: + The Princess claims Torrent as her husband.] + + The lady wist not or than~, 1735 + That he was hurt, that gentilman~, + And sith she went hym tyƚƚ; [1840] + She sought his wound{us} and said thare: + ‘Thou shalte lyve and welfare, + Yf the no-thing evyƚƚ! 1740 + My lord the kyng hath me hight, + That thou shalt wed me, s{ir} knyght, + The fforward ye to fulle ffyƚƚ.’ + ‘Damyseƚƚ, loo here my hond: + And I take eny wyffe in this lond, 1745 + It shaƚƚ be at thy wyƚƚ!’ + +(151) + + [Sidenote: + Her name is Gendres. Torrent stays 12 months in Norway.] + + Gendres was that ladyes name. [1850] + The Geaunt{es} hede he brought hame, + And the dragons {he brought}. f. 105a. + Mene myght here a myle aboute, 1750 + How on the dede hedys they did shoute, + For the shame, that they hem~ wrought, + Both with dede and with tong + Fyfte on the hedys dong, + That to the ground they sought. 1755 + Sir Torrent dwellid thare + Twelfe monythis and mare, [1860] + That ffurther myȝt he nought. + + [Linenotes: + 1749. _he br._] _also_ MS. + 1752. _they_] _had_ add. MS.] + +(152) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Norway sends Torrent’s false Squires to sea, where all + drown, save one.] + + The kyng of Norway said: ‘Nowe, + Fals thevis, woo worth you, 1760 + Ferly soteƚƚ were ye: + Ye said, the knyght wold not com~: + Swith oute of my kyngdome, + Or hangid shaƚƚ ye be!’ + His squiers, that fro hym~ fled, 1765 + With sore strokys are they spred + Vppon the wanne see, [1870] + And there they drenchid euery man~, + Saue one knave, that to lond cam~, + And woo be-gone is he. 1770 + +[Headnote: DESONELL IS NEAR CHILD-BEARING.] + +(153) + + [Sidenote: + He takes the news to the King of Portugal, and tells Desonell that + Torrent is in Norway.] + + The child, to lond that god sent, + In Portyngale he is lent, + In a riche town~, + That hat{h} hight be her day, + And euer shaƚƚ, as I you say, 1775 + The town~ of Peron~. + By-fore the kyng he hym sett, [1880] + ‘Fuƚƚ weƚƚ thy men~, lord, the grett, + And in the see {did} they drown.’ + Desoneƚƚ said: ‘Where is Torent?’ 1780 + ‘In Norway, lady, verament.’ f. 105b. + On sownyng feƚƚ she down~. + + [Linenotes: + 1774. _hatt_ (!) MS. + 1778. _the_] _they_ MS. + 1779. _did_] _are_ MS. + _drowned_ MS.] + +(154) + + [Sidenote: + She swoons, and folk see she is big with child. The King of Portugal + declares he’ll send Desonell and her Bastard to sea.] + + As she sownyd, this lady myld, + Men myȝt se tokenyng of her child, + Steryng on~ her right syde. 1785 + Gret Ruth it was to teƚƚ, + How her maydens on~ her feƚƚ, [1890] + Her to Couer and to hide. + Tho the kyng said: ‘My dought{er}, do way! + By god, thy myrth is gone for aye, 1790 + Spousage wyƚƚ thou none {bi}de! + There fore thou shalt in to the see + And that Bastard with-in the, + To lerne you ffor to ride.’ + + [Linenote: + 1791. _bide_] _lede_ MS.] + +[Headnote: DESONELL BEARS TWINS TO TORRENT.] + +(155) + + [Sidenote: + His Earls and the Queen pray for mercy for Desonell.] + + Erlis and Barons, that were good, 1795 + By-fore the kyng knelid and stode + For that lady free. [1900] + The quene, her moder, on knees feƚƚ, + ‘For I{es}u is love, that harood heƚƚ, + Lord, haue mercy on~ me! 1800 + That ylke dede, that she hath done, + It was with an Erlis sonne, + Riche man~ i-nough is he; + And yf ye wyƚƚ not let her lyve, + Right of lond ye her yeve, 1805 + Tiƚƚ she delyu{er}d be!’ + +(156) + + [Sidenote: + She is delivered of 2 male children like Torrent. Her Father says + she shall be sent out to sea.] + + Thus the lady dwellith there, [1910] + Tyll that she delyu{er}d were + Of men~ children~ two; + In all poyntes they were gent, 1810 + And like they were to s{ir} Torent; + For his love they sufferid woo. f. 106a. + The kyng said: ‘So mut I thee, + Thou shalte in-to the see + With oute wordys moo. 1815 + Euery kyngis dought{er} ffer and nere, + At the shaƚƚ they lere, [1920] + Ayen~ the law to do.’ + + [Linenotes: + 1807. _Thus the_] so F. VII; _This_ MS. + 1808. _Tyll_] so F. VII; om. MS. + 1810. _all_] so F. VII; om. MS.] + +(157) + + [Sidenote: + She is led from his land. The Queen bewails her daughter’s fate. + Desonell is sent to sea.] + + Gret ruth it was to se, + Whan they led that lady ffree 1820 + Oute of her faders lond. + The quene wexid tho nere wood + For her doughter, that gentiƚƚ ffode, + And knyghtis stode wepand; + A cloth of silke gan they ta 1825 + And p{ar}tyd it be-twene hem twa, + Therin they were wonde. + Whan~ they had shypped that lady y{i}ng, [1930] + An hunderid feƚƚ in sownyng + At Peron~ on~ the sond. 1830 + + [Linenotes: + 1827. so F. VII; om. MS. + 1828. _had sh._] so F. VII; _clepud_ MS. + _yeng_ MS.] + +[Headnote: DESONELL IS SENT OUT TO SEA. SHE REACHES LAND.] + +(158) + + [Sidenote: + She prays to Christ for her children.] + + Whan that lady was downe fall, + On Iesu Cryste dyd she call; + Down~ knelid that lady cle{n}e: + ‘Rightfull god, ye me sende + Some good londe, on to lende, 1835 + That my chyldren may crystonyd bene!’ + She said, ‘Knyghtis and ladyes gent, + Grete weƚƚ my lord, s{ir} Torrent, + Yeff ye hym~ euer sene!’ + The wynd Rose ayen~ the nyght, 1840 + Fro lond it blew that lady bryght [1941] + Vppon the see so grene. + + [Linenotes: + 1831 f.] so F. VII; om. MS. + 1833. _clene_] _clere_ MS. + 1834 f.] so F. VII; + _Iesu Cryste, that com vp here + On this strond, as I wenyd_ MS. + 1836. _my ch._] so F. VII; _we_ MS.] + +(159) + + [Sidenote: + She and they reach land. Desonell stills her crying child,] + + Wyndes and weders haue her drevyn~, + Þat in a f{o}rest she is revyn~, + There wyld beestis were; 1845 + The see was eb, and went her ffroo, + And lefte her and her children~ two f. 106b. + Alone with-oute ffere. + Her one child woke and be-gan~ to wepe, + The lady a-woke oute of her slepe 1850 + And said: ‘Be stiƚƚ, my dere, [1951] + I{es}u Cryst hath sent vs lond; + Yf there be any cryston man~ nere hond, + We shaƚƚ haue som socoure here.’ + + [Linenote: + 1844. _forest_] so F. VII; _ftrest_ MS. + _she is_] so F. VII; _be they_ MS.] + +[Headnote: A GRIFFIN CARRIES OFF ONE OF DESONELL’S BOYS.] + +(160) + + [Sidenote: + goes up a mountain,] + + The carefuƚƚ lady was fuƚƚ blith, 1855 + Vp to lond she went swith, + As fast as euer she myght. + Tho the day be-gan~ to spryng, + Foules a-Rose and mery gan syng + Delicious notys on~ hight. 1860 + To a mowntayn went that lady ffree: [1961] + Sone was she warr~ of a Cite + With towrus ffeyre and bryght. + There fore, i-wys, she was fuƚƚ fayn~, + She sett her down~, as I herd sayn~, 1865 + Her two children~ ffor to dight. + +(161) + + [Sidenote: + and finds an Arbour there. A Griffin carries off one of her boys. + She puts the other down,] + + Vppon~ the low the lady ffound + An Erber wrought w{i}t{h} mann{us} hond, + With herbis, that were good. + A Grype was in~ the mowntayn~ wonne, 1870 + A way he bare her yong son~ [1971] + Ou{er} a water fflood, + Over in to a wyldernes, + There seynt Antony ermet w{e}s, + There as his chapeƚƚ stode. 1875 + The other child down~ gan~ she ly, + And on the ffoule did shoute & crye, f. 107a. + That she was nere hond wood. + + [Linenotes: + 1874. _was_ MS. + 1876. _ly_] _lay_ MS.] + +[Headnote: A LEOPARD CARRIES OFF DESONELL’S 2ND BOY.] + +(162) + + [Sidenote: + and sorrows.] + + Vp she rose ageyn~ the rough~, + With sorofuƚƚ hert and care Inough~, 1880 + Carefuƚƚ of blood and bone . . . . . . . [1981] + She sye, it myght no better be, + She knelid down~ vppon~ her kne, + And thankid god and seynt Iohn~. + +(163) + + [Sidenote: + A leopard takes her other boy away.] + + There come a libard vppon~ his pray, 1885 + And her other child bare away, + She thankid god there + And his moder Mary bryght. + This lady is lefte alone ryght: + The sorow she made there . . . . . 1890 + +(164) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Jerusalem sees the leopard and child.] + + That she myght no further ffare: [1991] + ‘Of one poynt,’ {she sayd}, ‘is my care, + As I do now vnderstond, + So my children~ crystenyd were, + Though they be with beest{es} there, 1895 + Theyre liffe is in godd{us} hond.’ + The kyng of Ierusalem~ had bene + At his brothers weddyng, I wene, + That was lord of aƚƚ that lond. + As he com homward on his way, 1900 + He saw where the liberd lay [2001] + With a child pleyand. + + [Linenote: + 1892. _she s._] om. MS.] + +(165) + + [Sidenote: + Each child has one of Torrent’s rings. The King’s men kill the + Leopard,] + + Torrent had yeve {her} ring{es} two, + And euery child had one of tho, + Hym~ with aƚƚ to saue. 1905 + The kyng said: ‘Be Mary myld, + Yonder is a liberd w{i}t{h} a child, + A mayden~ or a knave.’ + Tho men~ of armes theder went, f. 107b. + Anon~ they had theyre hors spent, 1910 + Her guttys oute she Rave. [2011] + For no stroke wold she stynt; + Tiƚƚ they her slew w{i}t{h} speris dynt, + The child myght they not haue. + + [Linenote: + 1903. _her_] _his lady_ MS.] + +[Headnote: HE (LEOBERTUS) IS ADOPTED BY THE KING OF JERUSALEM.] + +(166) + + [Sidenote: + and take the Child to the King, who christens him ‘Leobertus,’] + + Vp they toke the child y{i}ng 1915 + And brought it be-ffore the kyng + And vndid the swathing band, + As his moder be-ffore had done, + A gold ryng they ffound sone, + Was closud in his hond. 1920 + Tho said the kyng of Ierusalem~: [2021] + ‘This child is come of gentiƚƚ teme, + Where euer this beest hym~ ffond. + The boke of Rome berith wytnes, + The kyng hym~ namyd Leobertus, 1925 + That was hent in hethyn~ lond. + + [Linenotes: + 1915. _yong_ MS. + 1923. _ffound_ MS.] + +(167) + + [Sidenote: + and takes him to Jerusalem.] + + Two squiers to the town~ gan~ flyng, + And a noryse to the child did bryng, + Hym~ to kepe ffrome gr{e}me. + He led it in~ to his own~ lond 1930 + And told the quene, how he it ffond [2031] + By a water streme. + Whan~ the lady saw the ryng, + She said, with-oute lettyng: + ‘This child is com~ of gentiƚƚ teme: 1935 + Thou hast none heyre, thy lond to take, + For I{es}u love thou {sh}oldist hym~ make + Prynce of Ierusalem~.’ + + [Linenotes: + 1929. _grame_ MS. + 1937. _woldist_ MS.] + +[Headnote: ST. ANTONY GETS THE FIRST BOY FROM THE GRIFFIN.] + +(168) + + [Sidenote: + St. Anthony sees the Griffin and Desonell’s first boy, whom the bird + lays at his feet.] + + Now, in boke as we rede, + As seynt Antony aboute yede, 1940 + Byddyng his orysoun~, [2041] + Of the gripe he had a sight, f. 108a. + How she flew in a fflight, + To her birdus was she boun~. + Be-twene her clawes she bare a child: 1945 + He prayed to god and Mary myld, + On lyve to send it down~. + That man was weƚƚ with god aƚƚ-myȝt~, + At his fote gan~ she light, + That foule of gret renown~. 1950 + +(169) + + [Sidenote: + St. Antony takes the boy to his Father, the King of Greece.] + + Vp he toke the child th{e}re, [2051] + To his auter he did it bere, + There his chapeƚƚ stode. + A knave child there he ffond, + There was closud in his hond 1955 + A gold ryng riche and good. + He bare it to the Cite grett, + There the kyng his fader {s}ett + As a lord of jentiƚƚ blood, + For he wold saue it ffro dede; 1960 + A grype flew a-bove his hede [2061] + And cryed, as he were wood. + + [Linenotes: + 1951. _thare_ MS. + 1954. _ffound_ MS. + 1958. _sett_] _lett_ MS.] + +(170) + + [Sidenote: + The King sees his son Antony,] + + This holy man~ hied hym~ tyte + To a Cite w{i}t{h} touris white, + As fast as he may. 1965 + The kyng at the yate stode + And other knyght{es} and lordys good + To se the squiers play. + The kyng said: ‘Be Mary myld, + Yonder comyth Antony, my child, 1970 + With a gryffon~ gay. [2071] + Som~ of his byrdus take hath he, + And bryngith hem~ heder to me!’ + Gret ferly had thaye. + +[Headnote: HE (ANTONY FITZ-GRIFFIN) IS ADOPTED BY THE KING OF GREECE.] + +(171) + + [Sidenote: + who asks him to adopt Desonell’s boy as his heir.] + + The kyng there of toke good hede, f. 108b. 1975 + And a-geyn~ his sonne he yede + And said: ‘Welcom~ ye be!’ + ‘Fader,’ he said, ‘god you saue! + A knave child ffound I haue, + Loke, that it be dere to the! 1980 + Frome a greffon~ he was refte, [2081] + Of what lond that he is lefte, + Of gentiƚƚ blood was he: + Thou hast none heyre, thy lond to take, + For I{es}u love thy sonne hym~ make, 1985 + As in the stede of me!’ + +(172) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Greece agrees, and has the Boy baptized. The Boy is + christend Antony Fitzgriffin.] + + The kyng said: ‘Yf I may lyve, + Helpe and hold I shaƚƚ hym yeve + And receyve hym as my son~. + Sith thou hast this lond forsake, 1990 + My riche londys I shaƚƚ hym~ take, [2091] + Whan he kepe them~ c{o}n~.’ + To a ffont they hym yaue, + And crystonyd this yong knave; + Fro care he is wonne. 1995 + The holy man yaue hym~ name, + That I{es}u shild hym~ ffrome shame: + Antony fice greffoun~. + + [Linenote: + 1992. _can_ MS.] + +[Headnote: DESONELL BEWAILS HER LOST CHILDREN.] + +(173) + + [Sidenote: + Desonell laments,] + + ‘Fader, than~ haue thou this ryng, + I ffound it on~ this swete thing, 2000 + Kepe it, yf thou may: [2101] + It is good in euery {f}ight, + Yf god yeve grace, that he be knyght, + Be nyght {and} be day.’ + Let we now this children~ dweƚƚ, 2005 + And speke we more of Desoneƚƚ: + Her song was welaway. f. 109a. + God, that died vppon~ the Rode, + Yff grace, that she mete w{i}t{h} good! + Thus dispar{p}lid are thay. 2010 + + [Linenotes: + 2002. _fight_] _sight_ MS.? + 2004. _Other be_ MS. + _and_] _or forme of_ (!) MS. + 2010. _disparlid_ MS.] + +(174) + + [Sidenote: + wanders among wild beasts,] + + This lady walkyd aƚƚ alone [2111] + Amonge wyld bestis meny one, + Ne wanted she no Woo; + Anon~ the day be-gan to spryng, + And the ffoules gan to syng, 2015 + With blis on euery bowȝe . . . . . . . + +(175) + + [Sidenote: + and bewails her lost children. Desonell flees from some hunters] + + ‘Byrdus and bestis, aye woo ye be! + Alone ye haue lefte me, + My children~ ye {have} slo{ne}.’ + As she walkid than~ a-lone, 2020 + She sye lordis on~ huntyng gone, [2121] + Nere hem~ she yede fuƚƚ sone. + This carfuƚƚ lady cried faste, + Than she herd this hornes blaste + By the yatis gone, 2025 + But {ran} in to a wildernes, + Amongist beests that wyld w{e}s, + For drede, she shold be slone. + + [Linenotes: + 2018. _haue_] _a_ corrected out of _e_ MS. + 2019. _have sl._] _slough_ MS. + 2026. _ran_] om. MS. + 2027. _was_ MS.] + +[Headnote: DESONELL FLEES TO THE LAND OF NAZARETH.] + +(176) + + [Sidenote: + into the land of Nazareth.] + + Tiƚƚ it were vnder of the Day, + She went {fro} that wilsom~ way, 2030 + In to a lond playn~. [2131] + The kyng of Naȝareth huntid there, + Among the hert{es}, that gentiƚƚ were; + There of she was fuƚƚ ffayn~ . . . . . . . . . + + [Linenote: + 2030. _fro_] _in_ MS.] + +(177) + + [Sidenote: + She sees the King,] + + They had ferly, kyng and knyght, 2035 + Whens she come, that lady bryght, + Dwelli{n}g here a-lone. + She said to a squier, that there stode: + ‘Who is lord of most jentiƚƚ blood?’ + And he answerid her anon~: f. 109b. 2040 + ‘This ys the lond of Naȝareth, [2141] + Se, where the kyng gethe, + Of speche he is ffuƚƚ bone; + Aƚƚ in gold couerid is he.’ + ‘Gramercy, s{ir},’ said she, 2045 + And nere hym~ gan~ she gone. + +(178) + + [Sidenote: + whose Lords greet her. Desonell says that her boys are dead, and she + is left alone.] + + Lordys anon ageyn~ her yode, + For she was com~ of gentiƚƚ blood, + In her lond had they bene: + ‘God loke the, lady ffree, 2050 + What makist thou in this contre?’ [2151] + ‘Sir,’ she said, ‘I wene, + Seynt Katryn~ I shold haue sought, + Wekyd weders me heder hath brought + In to this fforest grene, 2055 + And aƚƚ is dede, I vnderstond, + Saue my selfe, that com~ to lond + With wyld beestis and kene.’ + +[Headnote: DESONELL IS WELCOMD BY THE QUEEN OF NAZARETH.] + +(179) + + [Sidenote: + She is taken to Nazareth, and welcomd by the Queen,] + + ‘Welcom,’ he said,’ Desoneƚƚ, + By a tokyn~ I shaƚƚ the teƚƚ: 2060 + Onys a stede I the sent. [2161] + Lady gent, ffeyre and ffree, + To the shold I haue wedid be, + My love was on~ the lent.’ + Knyghtis and squiers, that there were, 2065 + They horsid the lady there, + And to the Cite they went. + The quene was curtes of that lond + And toke the lady be the hond + And said: ‘Welcom, my lady gent! 2070 + +(180) + + [Sidenote: + with whom she stays.] + + ‘Lady, thou art welcom~ here, [2171] + As it aƚƚ thyn~ own~ were, f. 110a. + Aƚƚ this ffeyre contree!’ + ‘Of one poynt was my care, + And my two children~ crystonyd ware, 2075 + That in wood were reft ffro me.’ + ‘Welcom art thou, Desoneƚƚ, + In my chamber for to dweƚƚ, + Inough there in shaƚƚ ye see!’ + Leve we now that lady gent, 2080 + And speke we of s{ir} Torrent, [2181] + That was gentiƚƚ and ffre. + + [Linenote: + 2076. _in_] _the_ add. MS.] + + [[‘Welcom art thou... _open quote invisible_]] + +[Headnote: TORRENT HEARS OF THE EXILE OF DESONELL AND HER BOYS.] + +(181) + + [Sidenote: + Sir Torrent won’t stop in Norway, but goes back to Portugal.] + + The kyng of Norway is fuƚƚ woo, + That s{ir} Torent wold wend hym ffro, + That doughty was and bold: 2085 + ‘Sir,’ he said, ‘abyde here + And wed my dought{er}, that is me dere!’ + He said, in no wise he wold. + He shipped oute of the kyng{es} sale + And Ryved vp in~ Portingale 2090 + At another hold. [2191] + Whan~ he herd teƚƚ of Desoneƚƚ, + Swith on sownyng there he feƚƚ + To the ground so cold. + +(182) + + [Sidenote: + The false King Calamond of Portugal tells him that Desonell and her + 2 Boys were sent out to sea.] + + The fals kyng of Portingale, 2095 + Sparid the yatis of his sale + For Torent the ffree; + He said: ‘Be Mary clere, + Thou shalt no wyfe haue here, + Go sech her in~ the see! 2100 + With her she toke whelpis two, [2201] + To lerne to row wold she go.’ + ‘By god, thou liest,’ quod he, + ‘Kyng Colomand, here my hond! + And I be knyght levand, f. 110b. 2105 + I-quytt shaƚƚ it be!’ + +(183) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent gathers an army. Torrent’s knights] + + Torent wold no lenger byde, + But sent letters on euery side + With fforce theder to hye. + Theder com oute of Aragon~ 2110 + Noble knyght{es} of gret renown~ [2211] + With grett chevalrye. + Of P{er}vyns and Ca{l}aber also + Were doughty knyght{es} meny moo, + They come aƚƚ to that crye. 2115 + Kyng Calomond had no knyght, + That with s{ir} Torent wold fyght, + Of aƚƚ that satt hym~ bye. + + [Linenote: + 2113. _Calaber_] _Cababer_ (!) MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT SENDS THE KING OF PORTUGAL TO DROWN.] + +(184) + + [Sidenote: + and he are let into the chief City of Portugal, and resolve to send + the false King to sea] + + There wold none the yatis deffend, + But lett s{ir} Torent in wend 2120 + With his men~ euerychone. [2221] + Swith a counseƚƚ yede they to, + {To} what deth they wold hym do, + For he his lady had slone. + ‘Lordis,’ he said, ‘he is a kyng, 2125 + Men may hym~ nether hede ne h{i}ng.’ + Thus said they euerychone. + They ordenyd a shipp aƚƚ of tree + And sett hym~ oute in~ to the see, + Among the wawes to gone. 2130 + + [Linenotes: + 2123. _To_] om. MS. + 2126. _hing_] _heng_ MS.] + +(185) + + [Sidenote: + in a boat full of holes.] + + Gret lordis of that lond [2231] + Assentid to that com{n}and, + That hold shold it be. + In the havyn~ of Portyngale, + There stode shippes of hede vale 2135 + Of Irun and of tree. f. 111a. + A bote of tre they brought hym be-fforn~, + Fuƚƚ of holis it was born~, + Howseƚƚ and shryfte {wold} he. + Sir Torent said: ‘Be seynt Iohn~, 2140 + Seth thou gaue my lady none, [2241] + No more men~ shaƚƚ do the!’ + + [Linenotes: + 2132. _comland_ MS. + 2138. _boryn_ MS. + 2139. _wold_] _had_ MS.] + + [[com{n}and _printed as shown: error for “com{m}and”?_]] + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS MADE KING OF PORTUGAL.] + +(186) + + [Sidenote: + The false king Calamond is drownd, and Torrent is made King of + Portugal,] + + The shipp-men~ brought s{ir} Colomond + And sent hym fforth within~ a stound + As ffar as it were. 2145 + Wott ye weƚƚ and vnderstond, + He come never ayen to lond, + Such stormes ffound he there. + Gret lordys of renown~ + Be-toke s{ir} Torent the crown~ 2150 + To reioyse it there. [2251] + Loo, lordys of euery lond: + Falshode wyƚƚ haue a foule end, + And wyƚƚ haue euermore. + +(187) + + [Sidenote: + but he gives the land up to the Queen, and resolves to go to the + Holy-Land.] + + Sir Torent dwellid thare 2155 + Fourty days in moche care, + Season~ for to hold; + Sith he takith two knyght{es}, + To kepe his lond and his right{es}, + That doughty were and bold. 2160 + ‘Madam~,’ he said to the quene, [2261] + ‘Here than shaƚƚ ye lady bene, + To worth as ye wold.’ + He purveyd hym~ anon~, + To wend ouer the see fome, 2165 + There god was bought and sold. + + [Linenote: + 2161. _He said madam_ MS.] + +(188) + + [Sidenote: + His arms are 3 silver ships on an azure field. For love of Desonell, + Torrent leaves Portugal.] + + And ye now wiƚƚ liston~ a stound, + How he toke armes of kyng Calomond, f. 111b. + Listonyth, what he bare. + O{n} asure, as ye may see, 2170 + With sylu{er} shippes thre, [2271] + Who so had be thare. + For Desoneƚƚ is love so bryght, + His londis he takyth to a knyght, + And sith he is {boun} to fare. 2175 + ‘Portyngale, haue good day + For Sevyn~ yere, p{ar}maffay, + P{ar} aventure som~ dele m{a}re!’ + + [Linenotes: + 2170. This line begins with a big initial letter. + _Off_ MS. + 2175. _boun_] _home_ MS. + 2178. _more_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT TAKES THE CITY OF QUARELL.] + +(189) + + [Sidenote: + He besieges the City of Quarell for 2 years, and then takes it.] + + Sir Torent passid the Grekys flood + In to a lond both riche and good, 2180 + Fuƚƚ evyn~ he toke the way [2281] + To the {cite} of Quareƚƚ, + As the boke of Rome doth teƚƚ, + There a soudan~ lay. + There he smote and set adown~ 2185 + And yaue asaute in to the town, + That w{i}ƚƚ the storye say. + So weƚƚ they vetelid were, + That he lay there two yere, + Sith in~ the town~ went they. 2190 + + [Linenotes: + 2182. _cite_] _see_ MS. + 2187. _well_ MS. + _says_ MS. + 2190. _And sith in to_ MS.] + +(190) + + [Sidenote: + He has its inhabitants kild, and shares its booty among his men.] + + And tho s{ir} Torent ffound on~ lyve, [2291] + He comaundid with spere and knyffe + Smertely dede to be; + He said: ‘We haue be here + Moche of this two yere 2195 + And onward on~ the thr{e}.’ + Aƚƚ the good, that s{ir} Torent wan~, + He p{ar}tid it among his m{a}n~, + Syluer, gold and ffee; + And sith he is boun to ride f. 112a. 2200 + To a Cite there be-syde, [2301] + That was worth such thre. + + [Linenotes: + 2196. _thrid_ MS. + 2198. _men_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT TAKES ANOTHER CITY, AND GOES TO ANTIOCH.] + +(191) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent then besieges another heathen City for 6 years. All its folk + die of hunger.] + + There he stode and smote adown~ + And leyd sege to the town~, + Six yere there he lay. 2205 + By the VI yere were aƚƚ done, + With honger they were aƚƚ slone, + That in the Cite lay. + {The} Soudan sent to s{ir} Torent than~, + With honger that thes people be slan, 2210 + Aƚƚ the folke of this Cite; [2311] + ‘Yf ye thinke here to lye, + Ye shaƚƚ haue wyne and spycery, + I-nough is in this contre.’ + + [Linenotes: + 2209. _The_] _A_ MS. + 2209-14 put before 2203-8 MS. + 2210. _slayn_ MS. + 2211. _thes_ MS.] + +(192) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent kills the Sultan,] + + Now god do his soule mede! 2215 + On the soudan~ he had a dede + Vppon~ euery good ffryday. + I{es}u sent hym strengith I-nough~, + With dynt of sword he hym slough~, + There went none quyk away. 2220 + Down knelid that knyght [2321] + And thankid god with aƚƚ his myȝt~: + So ought he weƚƚ to say. + The Cite, that s{ir} Torent was yn~, + Worldely goodis he left ther yn~, 2225 + To kepe it nyght and day. + +(193) + + [Sidenote: + goes to Antioch, and fights every good Friday.] + + Sith he buskyd hym~ to ride + In to a lond there be-syde, f. 112b. + Antioche it hight. + Sevyn~ yere at the Cite he lay 2230 + And had bateƚƚ euery good ffryday, [2331] + Vppon~ the Sarȝins bryght; + And be the VII yere were gone, + The child, that the liberd had tane, + Found hym his fiƚƚ off ffyght . . . . . . 2235 + + [Linenote: + 2230-32 put before 2227-29 MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT’S SON LEOBERTUS FIGHTS AGAINST HIM.] + +(194) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Jerusalem sends 50,000 knights,] + + The kyng of Ierusalem~ herd teƚƚ + Of this lord good and feƚƚ, + How doughtyly he hym bare. + Vppon~ his knyght{es} can he caƚƚ, + ‘Ordeyn~ swith among you aƚƚ, 2240 + For no thing that ye spare!’ [2341] + They buskyd hem oute of the land, + The nombre off ffyfty thousa{n}d, + Ageyn Torent ffor to ffare . . . . + + [Linenote: + 2243. _thousaid_ MS.] + +(195) + + [Sidenote: + and his adopted son Leobertus (Torrent’s second boy)] + + The kyng of Ierusalem said thus: 2245 + ‘My dere son, Liobertus, + That thou be bold and wight! + Thou shalt be here and defend the lond + From that fals trayto{r}s hond + And take the ordre of a knyght.’ 2250 + He yaue hym armes, or he did passe: [2351] + Right as he ffound was, + O{n} gold he bare bryght + A liberd of asure bla + A child be-twene his armes twa: 2255 + Woo was her, that {se} it {my}ght! + + [Linenotes: + 2246. _Liobertious_ MS. + 2253. _On_] _Of_ MS. + 2254. _blay_ (!) MS. + 2255. _tway_ MS. + 2256. _ffulle woo_ MS. + _se it m._] _it ought_ MS.] + +(196) + + [Sidenote: + against Torrent. Torrent’s son Leobertus captures him.] + + Sir Torent wold no lenger abyde, + But thederward gan~ he ride; + And to the feld were brought + Two knyght{es}, that were there in stede; f. 113a. 2260 + Many a man did they to blede, [2361] + Such woundis they wrought. + There durst no man com~ Torent nere, + But his son, as ye may here, + Though he knew hym nought. 2265 + Aƚƚ to nought he bet his shild, + But he toke his fader in the feld, + Though he there of eviƚƚ thought. + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS IMPRISOND IN JERUSALEM.] + +(197) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent is taken to Jerusalem] + + Whan~ s{ir} Torent was takyn~ than~, + His men fled than~, euery man~, 2270 + They durst no lenger abyde. [2371] + Gret ruth it was to be hold, + How his sword he did vp-hold + To his son~ that tyde. + To Ierusalem~ he did hym~ lede, 2275 + His actone and his other wede, + Aƚƚ be the kyngis side; + ‘Sir,’ he said, ‘haue no care, + Thou shalte lyve and welfare, + But lower ys thy pryde!’ 2280 + +(198) + + [Sidenote: + and thrust into prison, where his son Leobertus hears him lament a + whole year.] + + Fro that s{ir} Torent was h{o}m brought, [2381] + Doughty men~ vppon~ hym~ sought, + And in preson~ they hym~ thro{ng}e. + His son above his hede lay, + To kepe hym~ both nyȝt and day, 2285 + He wist weƚƚ, that he was strong. + Thus in p{re}son as he was, + Sore he siȝed and said alas, + He couth none other songe. + Thus in bondys they held hym thare f. 113b. 2290 + A twelfmonyth and som dele mare, [2391] + The knyght thought ffuƚƚ long. + + [Linenotes: + 2281. _hom_] _hem_ MS. + 2283. _And and_ (!) MS. + _throuȝe_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT’S SON ASKS FOR HIS FATHER’S FREEDOM.] + +(199) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent appeals to God who once enabled him to kill Dragons and + Giants.] + + In a mornyng as he lay, + To hym selfe gan~ he say: + ‘Why lye I thus alone? 2295 + God, hast thou forsakyn~ me? + Aƚƚ my truste was in the, + In lond where I haue gone! + Thou gave me myȝt ffor to slee + Dragons two other thre 2300 + And giauntes meny one, [2401] + And now a man~ in wekid lond + Hath myn~ armo{ur} and stede in~ hond: + I wold, my liffe were done!’ + + [Linenote: + 2299. _flee_ MS.!] + +(200) + + [Sidenote: + His son Leobertus hears him, and promises to get him freed.] + + His son herd hym~ say soo 2305 + And in his hert was fuƚƚ woo, + In chamber there he lay; + ‘Sir,’ he said, ‘I haue thy wede, + There shaƚƚ no man reioyse thy stede, + Yf so be, that I may. 2310 + By oure lady seynt Mary, [2411] + Here shalt thou no lenger lye, + Nether be nyȝt~ ne be day; + As I am~ Curtesse and hend, + To the kyng I shaƚƚ wend, 2315 + And ffor thy love {hym} pray!’ + + [Linenotes: + 2313. _Nether be day ne be nyȝt_ MS. + 2316. _ffor thy love and pray this nyȝt_ MS.] + +(201) + + [Sidenote: + Leobertus asks the King of Jerusalem for Torrent. The King of + Jerusalem grants Torrent to his elder son,] + + On~ the morow whan~ he Rose, + The prynce to the kyng gose + And knelid vppon~ his knee; + ‘Sir,’ he said, ‘ffor godd{us} sonne, f. 114a. 2320 + The knyght, that lieth in the dungeon~, [2421] + Ye wold graunt hym~ me! + I hard hym say be hym~ alone, + Many Geaunt{es} had he slone + And dragons II or thre.’ 2325 + The kyng said: ‘Be my ffay, + Be warr~, he scape not away; + I vouch hym saue on the!’ + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS FREED, AND HONOURD IN JERUSALEM.] + +(202) + + [Sidenote: + who frees him from prison, tho’ still fettering him.] + + The prynce in to the p{re}son went, + Torent by the hond he hent 2330 + Oute of his bondys cold; [2431] + To the casteƚƚ he brought hym sone + And light ffettouris did hym~ vppon~, + For brekyng oute off hold. + The kyng said: ‘Be my ffaye, 2335 + And he euer scape away, + Fuƚƚ dere he shaƚƚ be sold!’ + ‘Sir,’ he said, ‘p{ar}maffay, + We wyƚƚ hym~ kepe, and we may: + There of be ye bold!’ 2340 + + [Linenote: + 2331. _And toke hym oute_ MS.] + +(203) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent dines with the King, and promises to teach his son Leobertus + spearcraft.] + + For he was curtes knyght & free, [2441] + At the mete sett was he + By the kyng at the deyse. + ‘Sir, thou haste i-bene + At Iustis and at tornement{es} kene, 2345 + Both in warr~ and in peas: + Sith thy dwelling shaƚƚ be here, + {I pray}, that thou woldist my son~ lere, + Hys Tymber ffor to asay.’ + ‘Sir,’ he said, ‘I vnderstond, 2350 + Affter the maner off my lond f. 114b. [2451] + I shaƚƚ, with outen {delay}.’ + + [Linenotes: + 2348. _I pray_] om. MS. + 2352. _delay_] _lese_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT JOUSTS WITH HIS ELDER SON, AND OTHERS.] + +(204) + + [Sidenote: + The jousts at Jerusalem. Torrent’s son Leobertus breaks 3 shafts on + his Father.] + + The casteƚƚ court was large w{i}t{h} in~, + They made ryngis ffor to Ren~, + None but they alone. 2355 + Euery of hem to oþ{ur}e R{a}de: + Feyrer Tur{na}ment{es} than they made, + Men sye never none. + The prynce in armes was fuƚƚ preste, + Thre shaftys on~ his fader he breste, 2360 + In shevers they gan gone. [2461] + Sir Torent said: ‘So mvt I thee, + A man of armes shaƚƚ thou be, + Stalworth of blood and bone!’ + + [Linenotes: + 2356. _Rode_ MS. + 2357. _Turmentes_ MS.] + +(205) + + [Sidenote: + The jousts last 6 weeks. A Feast is held.] + + Harroldys of armes cryed on~ hight, 2365 + The prynce and that other knyght + No more juste shaƚƚ thay; + But lordys of other lond, + Euery one to other ffond, + And sith went theyre way. 2370 + Sixe wekys he dwellid there, [2471] + Tiƚƚ that aƚƚ delyu{er}d were, + That in the Cite {lay}. + Tho they held a gestonye, + With aƚƚ man{er} of mynstralsye, 2375 + Tyƚƚ the Sevynth day. + + [Linenote: + 2373. _lay_] _were_ MS.] + +(206) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent is declared victor. The King of Jerusalem promises to + support Torrent.] + + Lordis with aƚƚ other thing + Toke leve at the kyng, + Home theyre ways to passe. + That tyme they yaue Torent the floure 2380 + And the gre with moch honowre, f. 115a. [2481] + As he weƚƚ worthy was. + The kyng said: ‘I shaƚƚ the yeve + Liffe and lyvelode, whiƚƚ I lyve, + Thyn armo{ur}, as it was.’ 2385 + Whan he sye ffeyre ladyes wend, + He thought on her, that was so hend, + And sighed and said: ‘Alas!’ + +[Headnote: DESONELL IS TOLD OF TORRENT’S VICTORY.] + +(207) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Nazareth] + + The kyng of Naȝareth home went, + There that his lady lent, 2390 + In his own~ lede. [2491] + ‘Sir,’ she said, ‘ffor godd{us} pite, + What gentilman~ wan~ the gre?’ + He said, ‘So god me spede, + One of the ffeyrest knyghtis, 2395 + That slepith on~ som{er} nyght{es} + Or walkyd in wede; + He is so large of lym~ and lith, + Aƚƚ the world he hath justid with, + That come to that dede.’ 2400 + +(208) + + [Sidenote: + tells Desonell that the Victor (Torrent) has an armd Giant as his + crest.] + + ‘Good lord,’ said Desoneƚƚ, [2501] + ‘For godd{us} love ye me teƚƚ, + What armes that {h}e bare!’ + ‘Damyseƚƚ, also muste I the, + Syluer and asure beryth he, 2405 + That wott I weƚƚ thare. + His Creste is a noble lond, + A Gyaunt with an~ hoke in~ hond, + This wott I weƚƚ, he bare. + He is so stiff at euery stoure, 2410 + He is prynce and victoure, [2511] + He wynneth the gree aye where. f. 115b. + + [Linenote: + 2403. _he_] _ye_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT AND HIS 2 SONS GO TO A JOUSTING.] + +(209) + + [Sidenote: + The Victor is a Knight of Portugal. The King of Nazareth proclaims a + Jousting.] + + Of Portyngale a knyght he ys, + He wanne the town~ of Raynes + And the Cite of Quarell{e}; 2415 + At the last jurney that was sett, + The prynce, my broders son~ {he mett}, + And in his hond he ffeƚƚ. + The prynce of Grece leth nere + There may no juster be his pere, 2420 + For soth as I you teƚƚ: [2521] + A dede of armes I shaƚƚ do crye + And send after hym~ in hye.’ + Blith was Desoneƚƚ. + + [Linenotes: + 2415. _Quarellis_ MS. + 2416. _that_] _he_ add. MS. + 2417. _he m._] _was gatt_ MS.] + +(210) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Jerusalem sends Torrent and his elder son Leobertus + to it. The King of Greece brings the younger son, Antony + Fitzgriffin.] + + This dede was cried ffar and nere, 2425 + The kyng of Ierusalem did it here, + In what lond that it shold be. + He said: ‘Sone, anon right + Dight the and thy cryston~ knyght, + For sothe, theder wiƚƚ we.’ 2430 + Gret lordys, that herith this crye, [2531] + Theder come richely, + Everyman~ in his degre. + The kyng of Grece did {make hym boun}, + With hym~ come Antony ffyȝ greffon~, 2435 + With moche solempnite . . . . . . . + + [Linenote: + 2434. _make hym b._] _assigne_ MS.] + +(211) + + [Sidenote: + The Jousting is for a lady.] + + ‘The kyng of Naȝareth sent me, + That there shold a justynge be + Of meny a cryston~ knyght, + And aƚƚ is ffor a lady clere, 2440 + That the justyng is cryed ffar and nere, f. 116a. [2541] + Of men~ of armes bryght.’ + Gret joye it was to here teƚƚ, + How thes kyng{es} w{i}t{h} the knyghtis feƚƚ + Come and semled to that ffyght. 2445 + + [Linenote: + 2445. _semlend_ MS.] + +[Headnote: THE JOUSTS AT NAZARETH BEGIN.] + +(212) + + [Sidenote: + Many folk come to the jousts. They sup and sleep,] + + There come meny another m{o}n~, + That thought there to haue to done, + And than~ to wend her way. + Whan~ they come to the casteƚƚ gent, + A Roaƚƚ ffyght, verament, 2450 + There was, the sothe to say. [2551] + Trompes resyn~ on the waƚƚ, + Lordys assembled in the haƚƚ, + And sith to souper yede thay. + They were recevid w{i}t{h} rialte, 2455 + Euery man~ in his degre, + And to her logyng went her way. + + [Linenote: + 2446. _man_ MS.] + +(213) + + [Sidenote: + rise, hear Mass, and dine, then mount,] + + The lordys Rosyn aƚƚ be-dene + On the morow, as I wene, + And went masse ffor to here. 2460 + And ffurthermore w{i}t{h}-oute lent [2561] + They wesh and to mete went, + For to the ffeld they wold there. + After mete anon~ right + They axid hors and armes bryght, 2465 + To hors-bak went thay in ffere. + Knyghtis and lordys reuelid aƚƚ, + And ladyes lay ou{er} the casteƚƚ waƚƚ, + That semely to se were. + +(214) + + [Sidenote: + and begin to joust. Torrent’s 2 sons joust. The younger, Antony, + unhorses his brother Leobertus.] + + Than~ eueryman toke spere in~ hond, 2470 + And euerych to other ffond, [2571] + Smert boffett{es} there they yeld. f. 116b. + The prynce of Ierusalem~ and his brother, + Eueriche of hem~ Ran to other~ + Smertely in the feld . . . . . . . . 2475 + Though~ Antony ffygryffon~ yonger were, + His brother Leobert{us} he can down~ bere; + Sir Torent stode and be-held. + + [Linenotes: + 2471. _ffound_ MS. + 2472. _there th. y._] _they yeldyd there_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT AND HIS SONS JOUST. HE IS VICTOR.] + +(215) + + ‘Be my trouth,’ said Torent thanne, + ‘As I am~ a cryston~ man 2480 + I-quytt shaƚƚ it be.’ [2581] + Torent be-strode a stede strong + And hent a tymber gret and long, + And to hym~ rode he. + + [Linenote: + 2483 put before 2482 MS.] + +(216) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent rides down his younger son. He and his sons are the best + jousters.] + + Torrent to hym rode so sore, 2485 + That he to the ground hym~ bare, + And let hym~ lye in~ the {bent}. + There was no man~ hyȝe ne lowe, + That myght make Torent to bowe + Ne his bak to bend. 2490 + They justyd and turneyd there, [2591] + And eueryman~ ffound his pere, + There was caught no dethis d{e}nt. + Of aƚƚ the Justis, that there ware, + Torent the floure a way bare 2495 + And his sonnys, {verament}. + + [Linenotes: + 2485 f.: + _Torrent so sore to hym rode, + That he bare hym to the ground_ MS. + 2487. _bent_] _ffeld_ MS. + 2493. _dynt_ MS. + 2496. _ver._] _in that tyde_ MS.] + +(217) + + [Sidenote: + Desonell greets Torrent, and swoons.] + + And on~ the morow, whan~ it was day, + Amonge aƚƚ the lordys gay, + That worthy were, {par de}, + Desoneƚƚ wold no lenger lend, 2500 + But to s{ir} Torent gan~ she wend [2601] + And knelid on her kne. + She said: ‘Welcom~, my lord s{ir} Torent!’ + ‘And so be ye, my lady gent!’ f. 117a. + In sownyng than feƚƚ she. 2505 + Vp they cou{er}yd that lady hend, + And to mete did they wend + With joye and solempnite. + + [Linenotes: + 2499. _par de_] _in wede_ MS. + 2502. _And on her kne she knelid_ MS.] + +[Headnote: DESONELL GREETS TORRENT. HER BEAUTY.] + +(218) + + [Sidenote: + All go to Dinner.] + + Dame Desoneƚƚ be-sought the kyng. + That she myght, with oute lesyng, 2510 + Sytt with Torent alone. [2611] + ‘Yes, lady, be hevyn~ kyng, + There shaƚƚ be no lettyng; + Worthy is he, be seynt Iohn~!’ + Tho they washid and went to mete, 2515 + And rially they were sett + And s{er}uid worthely, {echone}. + Euery lord in~ the haƚƚ, + As his state wold be-ffaƚƚ, + Were couplid with ladyes {schone}. 2520 + + [Linenotes: + 2514. _ffor welle worthy_ MS. + 2517. _echone_] _verament_ MS. + 2520. _schone_] _gent_ MS.] + +(219) + + [Sidenote: + Desonell is the fairest lady. The Kings of Jerusalem and Greece go + to the] + + But of aƚƚ ladyes, that were there sene, [2621] + So ffeire myght there none bene + As was dame Desoneƚƚ. . . . . . . . + Thes two kyngis, that doughty ys, + To the Cite come, i-wys, 2525 + With moche meyne {emell}. + + [Linenote: + 2526. _emell_] om. MS.] + +(220) + + [Sidenote: + King of Nazareth’s Castle. Desonell sits by Torrent.] + + To the casteƚƚ they toke the way, + There the kyng of Naȝareth lay, + With hym~ to speke on high~. + At none the quene ete in~ the haƚƚ, 2530 + Amongist the ladyes ou{er} aƚƚ, [2631] + That couth moche curtesye. + Desoneƚƚ wold not lett, + By s{ir} Torent she her sett, + There of they had {envye} . . . . . . 2535 + + [Linenote: + 2535. _envye_] _wonder_ MS.] + +[Headnote: DESONELL FINDS HER TWO SONS BY TORRENT.] + +(221) + + [Sidenote: + She tells the Lords how her Father sent her and her 2 Boys to sea;] + + Whan~ eyther of hem other be-held, + Off care no thyng they ffeld, f. 117b. + Bothe her hert{es} were blithe. + Gret lordys told she sone, + What poyntes he had for her done, 2540 + They be-gan to be blithe; [2641] + And how her {fader} in the see did her do, + With her she had men~ childre two; + They waried hym~ feƚƚ sithe. + ‘Sir kyng, in this wildernes, 2545 + My two children~ fro me revid w{e}s, + I may no lenger hem~ hide. + + [Linenotes: + 2542. _fader_] om. MS. + 2546. _was_ MS.] + +(222) + + [Sidenote: + and how one was carried off by a Griffin, and the other by a + Leopard. Leobertus and Antony are these boys.] + + ‘The knyght yaue me ryng{es} two, + Euerich of hem~ had one of thoo, + Better saw I never none. 2550 + A Gryffon~ bare the one away, [2651] + A liberd the other, p{ar}maffay, + Down~ by a Roche of stone.’ + Than~ said the kyng of Ierusalem~: + ‘I ffound one by a water streme, 2555 + He levith w{i}t{h} blood & bone.’ + The kyng of Grece said: ‘My brother, + Antony my son~ brought me anoþ{ur}e.’ + She saith: ‘Soth, be seynt Iohn~?’ + + [Linenote: + 2556. _levith_] _yet_ add. MS.] + + [[‘The knyght yaue me... _open quote invisible_]] + +[Headnote: TORRENT INVITES 3 KINGS TO PORTUGAL.] + +(223) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent’s 2 Sons kneel and ask his blessing. He rejoices in them and + their Mother,] + + The kyng said: ‘Sith it is so, 2560 + Kys ye youre fader bo, [2661] + And axe hym~ his blessyng!’ + Down~ they knelid on~ her knee: + ‘Thy blessing, ffader, for charite!’ + ‘Welcom~, children~ y{i}ng!’ 2565 + Thus in armes he hem~ hent, + A blither man~ than~ s{ir} Torent + Was there none levyng; f. 118a. + It was no wonder, thouȝe it so were; + He had his wiffe and his children~ there, 2570 + His joye be-gan~ to spryng. [2671] + + [Linenotes: + 2561. _bothe_ MS. + 2565. _yong_ MS.] + +(224) + + [Sidenote: + and thanks the Kings for taking care of them. He asks the Kings to + Portugal.] + + Of aƚƚ the justis, that were thare, + A way the gre his sonnys bare, + That doughty were in dede. + Torent knelid vppon~ his knee 2575 + And said: ‘God yeld you, lordys ffree, + Thes children~ that ye haue ffed: + Euer we wiƚƚ be at youre wiƚƚ, + What jurney ye wiƚƚ put vs tyƚƚ, + So I{es}u be oure spede, 2580 + With that the kyng thre [2681] + In to my lond wiƚƚ wend w{i}t{h} me, + For to wreke oure stede.’ + +(225) + + [Sidenote: + All agree to go. Their ships arrive at Portugal.] + + They graunted that there was, + Gret lordys more and lesse, 2585 + Bothe knyght and squiere; + And with Desoneƚƚ went + Al the ladyes, that were gent, + That of valew were. + Shippis had they stiff and strong, 2590 + Maistis gret and sayles long, [2691] + Hend, as ye may here, + And markyd in to Portingale, + Whan~ they had pullid vp her sayƚƚ, + With a wynd so clere. 2595 + +[Headnote: TORRENT, DESONELL, AND THEIR SONS, GO TO PORTUGAL.] + +(226) + + [Sidenote: + The Queen] + + The riche quene of that lond + In her casteƚƚ toure gan stond + And be-held in~-to the see. + ‘Sone,’ she said to a knyght, + ‘Yonder of shippis I haue a sight, f. 118b. 2600 + For sothe, a grett meyne.’ [2701] + The quene said: ‘Verament, + I se the armes of s{ir} Torent, + I wott weƚƚ, it is he.’ + He answerid and said tho: 2605 + ‘Madam, I wiƚƚ, that it be so, + God gefe grace, that it so be!’ + + [Linenote: + 2605-7 put before 2602-4 MS.] + +(227) + + [Sidenote: + welcomes Torrent and his friends, and swoons when she sees her + daughter Desonell.] + + A blither lady myȝt none be, + She went ageyn hym~ to the see + With armed knyght{es} kene. 2610 + Torent she toke by the hond: [2711] + ‘Lordys of vncouth lond, + Welcom muste ye bene!’ + Whan she sye Desoneƚƚ, + Swith in~ sownyng she feƚƚ 2615 + To the ground so {gr}ene. + Torent gan~ her vp ta: + ‘Here bene her children~ twa, + On lyve thou shalt hem see{ne}!’ + + [Linenotes: + 2616. _grene_] _kene_ MS. + 2619. _see_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT WEDS DESONELL. HIS SONS MADE HEIRS OF KINGS.] + +(228) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent holds a great feast, and weds Desonell.] + + In the Casteƚƚ of Portyngale 2620 + A-Rose trumpes {of} hede vale, [2721] + To mete they went on~ hye. + He sent letters ffar and nere; + The lordys, that of valew were, + They come to that gestonye. 2625 + The Emp{er}oure of Rome, + To that gestonye he come, + A noble knyght on~ hyȝe. + Whan~ aƚƚ thes lordys com w{e}re, + Torrent weddid that lady clere, 2630 + A justyng did he crye. [2731] + + [Linenotes: + 2621. _of_] om. MS. + 2629. _ware_ MS.] + +(229) + + So it ffeƚƚ vppon a day, f. 119a. + The kyng of Ierusalem~ gan say: + ‘Sir, thy sonne I ffound + Lying in a libert{es} mouth, 2635 + And no good he ne couth, + Dede he was nere hond: + Wold thou, that he dwellid w{i}t{h} me, + Tiƚƚ that I dede be, + And sith reioyse my lond?’ . . . . . . 2640 + +(230) + + [Sidenote: + He gives his son Leobertus as heir to the King of Jerusalem; and his + son Antony as heir to the King of Greece. Torrent is elected + Emperor.] + + Be fore lordys of gret renown~, [2741] + Torent gaue hym~ his son~ . . . . . . . . + The kyng of Grece said: ‘S{ir} knyght, + I yeff thy son aƚƚ my right + To the Grekys flood: 2645 + Wouch thou saue, he dweƚƚ w{i}t{h} me?’ + ‘Yea, Lord, so mut I thee, + God yeld you aƚƚ this good!’ + For s{ir} Torent was stiff in stoure, + They chose hym ffor Emp{er}oure, 2650 + Beste of bone and blood. [2751] + + [Linenote: + 2645. _flood_] _I plight_ add. MS.] + + [[_stanza printed with indentation as shown_]] + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS MADE EMPEROR. HE DIES.] + +(231) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent gives his 2 Sons a Sword each. He lies in a fair Abbey.] + + Gret lordys, that there were, + Fourty days dwellith there, + And sith they yode her way; + He yaue his sonnys, as ye may here, 2655 + Two swerdys, that were hym~ dere, + Ech of hem~ one had they. + Sith he did make vp-tyed + Chirchus and abbeys wyde, + For hym~ and his to praye. 2660 + In Rome this Romans berith the crown~ [2761] + Of aƚƚ kerpyng of Renown~: + He leyth in a feire abbey. + + [Linenotes: + 2654. _And sith her way they yode_ MS. + 2663. _leyth_] _in Rome_ add. MS.] + +(232) + + [Sidenote: + May Christ grant us Heaven!] + + Now I{es}u Cryst, that aƚƚ hath wrought, + As he on the Rode vs bought, f. 119b. 2665 + He geve hvs his blessing, + And as he died for you and me, + He graunt vs in blis to be, + {Lesse and mare, both old and ying!} Amen. + + [Linenote: + 2669. _Oute of this world whan~ we shalle wend_ MS.] + + +Explicit Torent of Portyngale. + + + + +THE FRAGMENTS. + + +I.[F1] + + [Footnote F1: In Halliwell’s edition III.] + +[_The King of Portugal plots Torrent’s death._] + + [Sidenote: + Desonell gives Torrent a Horse which the King of Nazareth had sent + her.] + + [T] . . . est hym vp . . . . 462 + . . . . . chent be for to fle + . . . . . ly ivyll he gone 464 + The kynge of Nazareth sent hym me, + Torent, I wot-saue hym on the, + For better loue I none!’ 467 + + [Sidenote: + The King treacherously asks Torrent to get Desonell a Falcon] + + Afterwarde vpon a tyde, + As they walkyd by the ryvers syde, + The kynge and yonge Torent, 470 + This lorde wolde fayne, that he dede were + And he wyst nat, on what manere, + Howe he myght hym shent. 473 + A fals letter made the kynge + And made a messangere it brynge, + On the ryuer syde as they went, 476 + To Torent, that was true as stele, + If he loued Dyssonell wele, + Gete hir a faucon gent. 479 + + Torent the letter began to rede, + The kynge came nere and lystened, + As thoughe he it neuer had sene. 482 + The kynge sayde, ‘what may this be?’ + ‘Lorde, it is sent to me + For a faucon shene; 485 + + [Sidenote: + from the Forest of Magdalen.] + + I ne wote, so God me spede, + In what londe that they brede.’ + The kynge sayde, ‘as I herde sayne, 488 + . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . + In the forest of Maudelayne 491 + + +[Headnote: FRAG. 2. TORRENT GOES TO THE FOREST OF MAUDELAYNE.] + +II.[F2] + + [Footnote F2: In Halliwell’s edition II.] + + [Sidenote: + Torrent agrees to do it.] + + Than sayde [the] kyn[g] vntrue, 492 + ‘And ye fynde haw[k]es of great value, + Brynge me one with the!’ 494 + Torent sayd: ‘so God me saue, + Yf it betyde, that I any haue, + At your wyll shall they be.’ 497 + + [Sidenote: + He rides] + + To his squyer bade he thare, + After his armoure to fare, + In the felde abode he; 500 + They armed hym in his wede, + He bestrode a noble stede + . . . . . . . . . . 503 + + [Sidenote: + to the Forest of Magdalen, gets separated from his Squire,] + + Torent toke the way agayne + Unto the forest of Maudelayne, + In a wylsome way; 506 + Berys and apes there founde he + And wylde bestys great plente + And lyons, where they lay. 509 + In a wode, that is tyght, + It drewe towarde the nyght. + By dymmynge of the day 512 + Lysten, lordes, of them came wo, + He and his squyer departed in two, + Carefull men then were they. 515 + + At a shedynge of a rome + Eyther departed other frome, + As I vnderstande. 518 + Torent taketh a dolefull way + Downe into a depe valay, + . . . . . . . . . . 521 + + +[Headnote: FRAG. 3. TORRENT IS TO FIGHT THE CALABRIAN GIANT, SLOGUS.] + +III.[F3] + + [Footnote F3: In Halliwell’s edition VI.] + +[_The King of Portugal sends Torrent to be kild by the Giant Slogus._] + + [Sidenote: + Torrent sits at the head of a side table. The King asks Torrent if + he’ll] + + . . . . . . . . . . . . 819 + And the good squyres after h[ym], + That knyghtes sholde be. 821 + As they were a-myddes theyr . . . + The kynge wolde not forgete, + To Torente than sayd he, 824 + + [Sidenote: + do a deed of arms for Desonell.] + + He sayd: ‘so god me saue, + Fayne thou woldest my dough[ter haue], + Thou hast loued her many a d[aye].’ 827 + ‘Ye, by my trouthe,’ sayd Torente, + ‘And I were a ryche man, + Ryght gladly by my faye.’ 830 + ‘If thou durst for her sake + A poynte of armes vndertake, + Thou broke her vp for ay.’ 833 + + [Sidenote: + ‘Yes,’ says Torrent.] + + ‘Ye,’ sayde he, ‘or I go, + Sykernes thou make me so + Of thy doughter hende. 836 + Ye and after all my ryghtes + By VII score of hardy knyghtes’ + Al they were Torentes frende. 839 + ‘Now, good lordes, I you praye, + Bere wytnes of this day + Agayne yf god me sende!’ 842 + + [Sidenote: + ‘Then go to Calabria, and fight the Giant Slogus.’] + + Torente sayd, ‘so may I the, + Wyst I, where my jorney shold [be], + Thyder I wolde me dyghte.’ 845 + The kyng gaue hym an answ[e]re, + ‘In the londe of Caleb[e]re + There wonneth a gyaunte wygh[hte] 848 + . . . . . . . . . . . . + Slogus he hyght as I the tolde, + God sende the that waye ryghte!’ 851 + + [[_all lines indented as shown_]] + + +[Headnote: FRAG. 4. TORRENT WILL NOT GIVE UP HIS GIANT-FIGHT.] + +IV.[F4] + + [Footnote F4: In Halliwell’s edition V.] + +[_Torrent is offerd a Princess of Provyns._] + + [Sidenote: + The king of Provyns warns him against the terrible Giant there,] + + . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . + For why I wyll the saye, 917 + Moche folke of that countre + Cometh heder for socoure to me, + Bothe by nyghte and by daye. 920 + There is a gyaunte of grete renowne, + He destroyeth bothe cyte and towne + And all that he may. 923 + As bokes of rome tell, + He was goten with the deuyll of hell, + As his moder slepynge lay.’ 926 + + [Sidenote: + and offers him his Daughter and 2 Duchies. Torrent says he must keep + his troth.] + + The kynge sayde, ‘by Saynt Adryan, + I rede, a nother gentylman + Be there and haue the degre. 929 + I haue a doughter, that me is dere, + Thou shalte wedde her to thy fere, + And yf it thy wyll be, 932 + Two duchyes in honde + I wyll gyue her in londe.’ + ‘Gramercy, syr,’ sayd he, 935 + ‘With my tonge I haue so wrought, + To breke my day wyll I nought, + Nedes me behoueth there to be.’ 938 + + [Sidenote: + Torrent starts,] + + ‘On Goddes name,’ the kynge gan sayne, + ‘Ie{s}u brynge the saffe agayne, + Lorde, moche of myght!’ 941 + Mynstralsy was them amonge, + With harpe, fedyll and songe, + Delycyous notes on hygh[t]e. 944 + Whan it was tyme, to bed they wente, + And on the morowe rose Torente + And toke leue of kynge and knyght 947 + And toke a redy way. + + +[Headnote: FRAG. 5. TORRENT HEARS OF THE CALABRIAN GIANT, SLOGUS.] + +Fragment V.[F5] + + [Footnote F5: In Halliwell’s edition IV.] + + By the se syde as it lay, + God sende hym gatys ryght! 950 + + [Sidenote: + reaches Calabria, and hears of the Giant.] + + An hye waye hath he nome, + Into Calabre is he come + Within two dayes or thre. 953 + So he met folke hym agayne, + Fast comynge with carte and wayne + Frowarde the se. 956 + ‘Dere God,’ sayd Torente now, + ‘Good folke, what eyleth you, + That ye thus fast fle?’ 959 + ‘There lyeth a gyaunte here besyde, + For all this londe brode and wyde + No man on lyue leueth he.’ 962 + + ‘Dere God,’ sayd Torente then, + ‘Wher euer be that fendes den?’ + They answered hym anone: 965 + ‘In a castell in the see, + Slogus’ they sayd ‘hyght he, + Many a man he hath slone. 968 + + [Sidenote: + The Giant Slogus is in Hungary.] + + We wote full well, where he doth ly + Byfore the cyte of Hungry,’ + . . . . . . . . . . 971 + + +[Headnote: FRAG. 6. TORRENT FIGHTS A GIANT. DESONELL HAS TWINS.] + +VI.[F6] + + [Footnote F6: Printed in _Englische Studien_, VII. p. 347 f.] + +[_Torrent fights the Giant._] + + [Sidenote: + The giant says he’ll wring Torrent’s nose. His Crook is 13 ft. long. + Torrent charges, pierces the Giant’s eye, and makes him roar.] + + . . . . . . all the wrynge, 1014 + . . . . . . . . lynge + . . . . . . . . . thou the 1016 + . . . . . . . . he toke, + . . . . . . . . bare a croke + . . . . . . . . te longe and thre 1019 + . . . . . . ever so longe were + . . . . . . . . had no fere + . . . . yd darste thou come nere 1022 + . . . . . nte nolengre a-byde + . . . . . nte wolde he ryde + . . . . ghte. 1025 + . . . . one eye but one, + . . . . . . neuer none, + . . . nor by nyght. 1028 + . . . . lpe of god of heuen, + . . . . . herin euen, + . . . . . . . . . . . . 1031 + . . . . gan to rore, + . . . . the cyte wore, + . . . ay. 1034 + . . . . es eyen were oute + . . . . . . . . boute + . . . . . . . . . . . 1037 + + [[_all line-initial dots are printed as shown; for the most + accurate reproduction, use a fixed-pitch font_]] + + +[Headnote: FRAG. 7. DESONELL AND HER TWINS ARE SENT TO SEA.] + +VII.[F7] + + [Footnote F7: In Halliwell’s edition I.] + +[_Desonell bears twins. All are sent out to sea. They reach land._] + + [Sidenote: + Desonell is delivered of 2 male children like Torrent. Her Father + says she shall be sent out to sea.] + + Thus the lady dwelled there, 1807 + Tyll that she delyuered were + Of men chyldren two. 1809 + Of all poyntes were they gent, + Lyke were they to Sir Torent, + For his loue suffred they wo. 1812 + The kynge sayd, ‘so mote I the, + Thou shalt into the se + Without wordes mo. 1815 + Every kynges doughter fer and nere + At the they shall lere, + Agaynst right to do!’ 1818 + + [Sidenote: + She is led from his land. The Queen bewails her daughter’s fate.] + + Great ruthe it was to se, + Whan they led that lady fre + Out of hir faders lande. 1821 + The quene, hir moder, was nere wode + For hir doughter, that gentyll fode, + Knyghtes stode wepynge.[F8] 1824 + + [Footnote F8: wepande.] + + [Sidenote: + Desonell is sent to sea.] + + A clothe of sylke toke they tho, + And departed it bytwene the chyldren two, + Therin they were wonde. 1827 + Whan they had shypped that gentyll thynge, + Anone she fell in swownynge + At Peron on the sonde. 1830 + Whan that lady was downe fall, + On Iesu Cryste dyd she call. + To defende hir with his honde: 1833 + + [Sidenote: + She prays to Christ for her children.] + + ‘Rightfull God, ye me sende + Some good londe on to lende, + That my chyldren may crystened be[n].’ 1836 + She sayd, ‘ladyes fayre and gent, + Great well my lorde Sir Torent, + Yf euer ye hym se[n]!’ 1839 + The wynde arose on the myght, + Fro the londe it blewe that lady bryght + Into the se so grene. 1842 + +[Headnote: FRAG. 7. DESONELL AND HER TWINS REACH LAND.] + + [Sidenote: + Desonell and her twin babes reach land. She stills her crying + child,] + + Wyndes and weders hathe hir dryuen, + That in a forest she is aryuen, + Where wylde bestys were. 1845 + The se was ebbe and went hem fro + And left hir and hir chyldren two + [Alo]ne without any fere. 1848 + Hir one chylde began to wepe, + The lady awoke out of hir slepe + And sayde, ‘be styll, my dere, 1851 + Ihesu Cryste hathe sent vs lande, + Yf there be any Crysten man at hande, + We shall haue socoure here.’ 1854 + + [Sidenote: + goes up a mountain, and sits down.] + + The carefull lady then was blythe, + To the londe she went full swythe, + As fast as she myght. 1857 + Tyll the day began to sprynge, + Foules on trees merely gan synge + Delicyous notes on hyght. 1860 + To a hyll went that lady fre, + Where she was ware of a cyte + With toures fayre and bryght. 1863 + Therof I-wys she was fayne, + She set hir downe, as I herd sayne, + Hir chyldren for to dyght. 1866 + + + + +NOTES. + + +PAGE 1, line 12. Cf. ll. 118, 187, 190, 198, 558, 924, 1924, 2183. So in +_Eglamour_ (Thornton Romances), l. 408: + + ‘The boke of Rome thus can telle,’ + +and _The Erl of Tolouse_, ed. Lüdtke, l. 1219: + + ‘Yn Rome thys geste cronyculyd ys.’ + +See Halliwell’s and Lüdtke’s notes to these passages. I agree with both +of them, that an expression like that does not earnestly refer the +reader to a Latin or Italian source of the story; there is evidently no +difference at all between _in Rome_ and _in romance_. + +p. 1, l. 15. _wyght_ has been inserted instead of _dowghtty_ in order to +restore the rhyme with _hyght_, _knyght_, _myght_; cf. _Havelok_, ed. +Skeat, l. 344: + + ‘He was fayr man and wicth.’ + +p. 1, l. 17 = _Ipomadon_, l. 63. Parallel passages to this hyperbolic +expression are collected in Kölbing’s note to this line (p. 364). + +p. 1, l. 24. We find the same idea as here, viz. that nobody can resist +the will of God, who has power over death and life, in _Sir Tristrem_, +ll. 236 ff.: + + ‘Þat leuedi, nouȝt to lain, + For soþe ded is sche! + Who may be ogain? + As god wil, it schal be, + Vnbliþe.’ + +p. 2, l. 28. I have not met with the verb _fesomnen_ anywhere else, and +it is not mentioned in Stratmann and Mätzner. Halliwell, Dictionary, +p. 354, explains it by ‘feoffed, gave in fee,’ doubtless regarding this +very passage, although he doesn’t cite it; might _fesomnyd_ not be a +corruption from _sesyd_? cf. _Havelok_, ll. 250 f.: + + ‘Þat he ne dede al Engelond + Sone sayse intil his hond.’ + +Hall writes to me on this word as follows: _fesomnyd_ is, I am +convinced, not a word at all, but a scribe’s error for _festonyd_ or +_festnyd_ = confirmed, fixed. Comp. ’_And þat ich hym wolde myd trewþe +siker faste on honde_,’ Robert of Gloucester (Hearne), p. 150. For this +use of _fasten, fastnen_, comp. ’_But my forwarde with þe I festen on +þis wyse_,’ Alliterative Poems, p. 47, l. 327: ’_& folden fayth to þat +fre, festned so harde_,’ Sir Gawayne, p. 57, l. 1783: ’_And þis forward, +in faith, I festyn with hond_,’ Destruction of Troy, p. 22, l. 636. See +also Jamieson’s Scottish Dictionary, ii. p. 216, under _to Fest_. + +p. 2, l. 30. I am by no means sure that _fede_ is the original reading, +but I wasn’t able to find a better word rhyming with _dedde_, _wede_; +even the _ne._ ‘feed’ means _pasture_, and that is what we expect here. + +p. 2, l. 31. For my correction cf. Lüdtke’s note to _The Erl of +Tolouse_, l. 199, sub 2; _Eglam._, l. 26: + + ‘That was a maydyn as whyte as fome,’ + +_Ib._ l. 683: + + ‘Crystyabelle as whyte as fome,’ + +where the _Percy Folio MS._ reads: + + ‘Christabell that was as faire as sunn;’ + +_Chronicle of England_, l. 75 f.: + + ‘Ant nomeliche to thy lemmon, + That ys wyttore then the fom.’ + +p. 2, l. 50. The alteration of _And_ and _bee_ into _An_ and _see_ +seemed necessary; _sayment_ is like Fr. _essaiement_, Lat. +_exagimentum_. + +p. 3, l. 59. Cf. l. 1216 f. and _The Lyfe of Ipomydon_, ed. Kölbing, +l. 1795: + + ‘If thou hyr haue, thou shalt hyr bye.’ + +p. 3, l. 77 f. As half of the stanza is lost, it is impossible to make +out to whom _they_ refers. Nor do I believe that l. 78 is correct, +especially as to _chaunce_. + +p. 3, l. 79. Cf. _Ipomadon_, ed. Kölbing, l. 8123: + + ‘A myle wyth in the Grekes see.’ + +p. 3, l. 80. _in an yle_ is certainly the correct reading; _mauyle_ was +introduced by a scribe who supposed it to be the giant’s name; but that +is mentioned some twenty lines later. + +p. 5, l. 136. The correction of _lyght_ into _ryght_ I owe to Hall, who +refers me to the legend of _Sancta Maria Egyptiaca_; cf. f. i. Barbour’s +_Legends of Saints_, ed. Horstmann, I. p. 143 ff. + +p. 6, l. 153. _nowyd_ = ‘anoyed’ gives a poor sense. Hall suggests +_nowtyd_; cf. E. D. S., No. 6, Ray’s _North Country Words_, p. 59, +_note_, to push, strike or soar, with the horn, as a bull or ram,’ ab. +A.S. _huitan_, ejusdem significationis. The word might then mean +‘spurred.’ + +p. 6, l. 171 = l. 596. This alliterative binding is a very frequent one; +cf. _Sir Orfeo_, ed. Zielke, p. 9. + +p. 7, l. 188. The same rhyme, which I have restored here, occurs +l. 559 f. + +p. 7, l. 190. _Yt tellythe_ = _Yt is told_; cf. Lüdtke, note to _The Erl +of Tolouse_, l. 1070, and Sarrazin, note to _Octavian_, l. 1749. + +p. 9, l. 236. I was about to write, _Crystyn men thow they were_, +referring this line to the guardians of the lions; but, no doubt, Hall’s +reconstruction of the line, which I have put into the text, is far +better. + +p. 9, l. 237. _Hys browys wexe bla_, i.e. he turned pale, he was struck +with fear; cf. _bloo askes_, P. Pl., l. 1553, and the German _aschfahl_. +Quite a similar expression occurs in _Perceval_, l. 687 f.: + + ‘Now sone of that salle wee see, + Whose browes schalle blakke.’ + +_Ib._ l. 1056: + + ‘His browes to blake.’ + +p. 9, l. 245. Though _syghyng_ gives no offence, still it may be, that +the author has written _syngyng_, and the scribe was wrong in altering +it; cf. Zupitza’s note to _Guy_, l. 5424. + +p. 9, l. 251. Cf. l. 802, 1204, _Ipomadon_, l. 6481 f.: + + ‘Your nece of Calabyre, that lady clere, + Ys bovnden wyth a fendes fere.’ + +_Reliquiæ Antiquæ_, i. p. 241: + + ‘He seith bi niȝte and eke bi day, + That hy beth fendes ifere.’ + +p. 10, l. 265 f. The reading of these two lines is quite destroyed by +the careless scribe. My correction is not more than an attempt to +restore the rhyme. + +p. 10, l. 277 ff. There is nothing in Torrent’s words which could lead +the princess to a conclusion like that. I think that after l. 276 one +stanza is wanting. + +p. 11, l. 286-8. As to the contents of these lines, Kölbing refers me to +_Englische studien_, vol. IV. p. 133 f., where F. Liebrecht mentions a +passage in _Sir Beves of Hamtoun_, according to which a king’s +daughter,--if she is a pure virgin,--can never be hurt by a lion. Here +we have another proof for this remarkable bit of folk-lore. + +p. 11, l. 292 = l. 329. + +p. 11, l. 303 = l. 342. + +p. 11, l. 305. I am not quite sure whether I was right in substituting +the prince’s name--which is mentioned once more, the first time, as it +were, l. 341--for the name of his father’s kingdom; but I didn’t see any +other way of restoring the rhyme. + +p. 12, l. 311. Cf. l. 469 and Skeat’s note to _Sir Thopas_, l. 1927. + +p. 12, l. 334. Instead of _he_ I should prefer to read _they_: Torrent +has just admonished the prisoners to cheer up. + +p. 13, l. 344. There must be something wrong in this line, because the +name of the third Earl’s son is missing; to write _the third_ instead of +_of_ may not suffice to put the text right; even the names _Torren_ and +_Berweyne_ seem to me very suspicious. + +p. 14, l. 379. Cf. _Ipomadon_, l. 4245, _for Crystys dede_; _Crystys_ +was substituted by Kölbing for _mannes_, which is clearly wrong; he +could as well have chosen _godes_. + +p. 15, l. 393 ff. Cf. Kölbing’s note to _Tristrem_, l. 736. + +p. 16, l. 427. Of this allusion to Veland, Halliwell treats in his +edition of _Sir Torrent_, p. vii f. Cf. Zupitza, _Ein zeugnis für die +Wieland-sage_, _Zeitschrift für deutsches Alterthum_, Vol. XIX, +p. 129 f. + +p. 16, l. 429-31. The line which follows l. 429 in the MS. is +superfluous; it damages the metre; and the rhyme with l. 430 won’t do. +The old king wishes to say; ‘I have seen the day when, if this sword +wielded by me fell on any one, he was considered done for, doomed to +death.’ Therefore l. 431, _I fawght therfor I told_ has been corrected +into _Fawe they were I-told_. The scribe did not understand the +obsolescent word _fawe_ or _faye_, so he wrote the nearest word to it to +make sense, _I-told_ = ‘held, considered.’--I. Hall. + +p. 17, l. 458. Cf. Breul’s note to _Sir Gowther_, l. 410. + +p. 17, l. 465. Cf. l. 2061 f. + +p. 20, l. 542. The scribe, who evidently didn’t know the pretty rare +word _clow_, has spoilt it to _colod_, or _colvd_; the same rhyme, +_clouȝ_, _drouȝ_, _anouȝ_ occurs in _Sir Tristrem_, l. 1761 ff. Nor did +the scribe know the word _swowe_ = ‘noise,’ and changed it to _swayne_; +cf. Hall. Dict., p. 843: _He come to him with a swowe_. + +p. 20, l. 543. _Of and on_, off and on, intermittently. + +p. 21, l. 555. _schyld_ is not to the point here, Torrent having only +his sword at hand. The scribe has forgotten what he has said himself, +l. 526 and 549; cf. l. 652. + +p. 21, l. 582-4. We meet with this description twice more in the poem, +ll. 1514-16, and ll. 1858-60. + +p. 23, l. 640. On the meaning of _theff_, cf. Kölbing’s note to _Am. and +Amil._, l. 787. + +p. 24, l. 659. _of Perowne_ is certainly wrong, as it does not agree +with the rhymes _stere_, _nere_, _fere_; but I don’t know how to amend +the line. + +p. 24, l. 662. _schere_ gives no meaning; I write _stere_ and translate, +There might nobody move further, _i.e._ the giant was brought to a +standstill in the glen. + +p. 24, l. 665. Cf. ll. 434, 791. + +p. 25, l. 688. Cf. _Eglam._, l. 324: + + ‘And to [the] herte hym bare.’ + +The weak preterit tense of _berien_ is very rare; if _bere_ = A.S. +_beran_ sometimes has the same meaning, _i.e._ ‘to strike,’ the reason +is that A.S. _beran_ and Icel. _berja_ are confounded. + +p. 25, l. 696. _woo_ can hardly stand for _wood_. It seems to me like a +last corruption of an old romance phrase, like _worthy inwith wall +(woȝe)_; possibly the line was simply so: _Thus in II journeys Torrent +so_.--Hall. + +p. 25, l. 700. On the use of M.E. _fote_ as a plural see Zupitza’s note +to _Guy_, l. 598. + +p. 26, l. 722. Hall suggests, the original phrase may have been: _pomely +whyt and grey_; cf. Chaucer, _C. T._, Prol., l. 615 f.: + + ‘This reeve sat vpon a ful good stot, + That was al {pomely gray}, and highte Scot.’ + +p. 27, l. 744. Cf. l. 788. On _St. James_ cf. Kölbing’s note to _Am. and +Amil._, l. 796. + +p. 29, l. 808 f. ‘In so dangerous conditions he has been before [and +still come back safe], so he will come back even this time.’ + +p. 29, l. 819. On the meaning of the phrase ’_the bord beginne_,’ cf. +Kölbing, _Englische studien_, III. p. 104, and Zupitza, _Anglia_, III. +p. 370 f. + +p. 30, l. 838. This stanza being incomplete, I think, the lacuna is to +be put after l. 838. The missing three lines contained the fact, that +the king promises Torrent, before his knights, that, when he has done +this deed, he will give him his daughter, and grant him one half of his +kingdom during his life, and the whole afterwards; cf. l. 1206 ff. The +odd number of XXVII knights is probably due only to the scribe; cf. F. +III: _By VII score of hardy knyghtes_. + +p. 31, l. 867 f. These two lines are poor, and the rhyme is very bad; +l. 868 may have run originally, _Thurrow Pervyns, for sothe, it ley_; +cf. l. 949. + +p. 32, l. 901. _squyere_, although very odd at the first sight, may +still be right; Torrent says: ‘The only squier that I took with me for +this journey, is my sword’; cf. l. 909. + +p. 33, l. 922. Cf. Kölbing’s note to _Ipomadon_, l. 3344. + +p. 33, l. 924-6. On the story of a child, begotten by a devil on a +sleeping woman, cf. Breul, _Sir Gowther_, p. 119 f. + +p. 34, l. 954 ff. Cf. _Tristrem_, l. 1409 ff.: + + ‘Out of Deuelin toun + Þe folk wel fast ran, + In a water to droun, + So ferd were þai þan.’ + +p. 34, l. 963 f. Cf. _Beves of Hamtoun_, l. 187 f.: + + ‘Madame, a seide, for loue myn, + Whar mai ich finde þat wilde swin?’ + +p. 36, l. 1000. Instead of _spere_ perhaps we ought to read _sworde_. + +p. 37, l. 1030 f. If we compare the rests of these lines in F. VI., this +reading or a similar one is to be expected. The reading of l. 1029 ff. +in the fragments may be completed so: _[Thourgh the he]lpe of god of +heuen Thorough ye and] herin euen God send the spere the right way_. + +p. 36, l. 1033 f. Cf. ll. 1166, 2468 f., and Kölbing’s note to _Sir +Tristrem_, l. 69 f. + +p. 38, l. 1070. ‘I came hither to seek my death,’ _i.e._ this expedition +was so dangerous, that I expected to die. + +p. 38, l. 1076. Cf. _Ipomadon_, l. 239 f.: + + ‘Tyll vncovth contreys will I wende, + The maner wille I see.’ + +p. 39, l. 1081. _is_ was to be corrected into _it_: ‘Because you slew +him that possessed it.’ + +p. 39, l. 1086. This line, according to Hall’s emendation, means: You +owe no homage or feudal due, the manor is yours and your heirs’ for +ever; _i.e._ the manor is in fee simple, and free from any feudal +obligation. + +p. 39, st. 95. The text would be improved by putting ll. 1104-6 before +1101-3, although this transposition is not absolutely necessary. + +p. 39, l. 1105. _lefte_ may be a mistake for _loste_; cf. _Gower_, I. +207: + + ‘Contenaunce for a þrowe + He loste.’ + +p. 40, l. 1117. Cf. Ritson’s _Met. Rom._, III. p. 341 f., and Zupitza’s +note to _Guy_, l. 436. + +p. 40, l. 1121. _he bare_ looks rather suspicious, but it is supported +by l. 2169. The author is about to describe the figures inlaid on the +shield. Cf. _Eglamour_, l. 1030 f.: + + ’_He bare_ in azure[N1] a grype of golde, + Rychely beton on the molde.’ + + [Footnote N1: So _Percy Fol. MS._; _aserre_ Thornt.] + +p. 40, l. 1124. This line is hopelessly spoilt; the scribe, careless as +he was, has almost literally repeated l. 1121; l. 1125 directly +continues the description begun before. + +p. 40, l. 1132. Is _than I haue in tale_ right? We expect rather: _than +I can telle in tale_. + +p. 41, l. 1138 f. Cf. l. 1587 f. + +p. 41, l. 1143. I thought it necessary to insert _mete_, although +Mätzner, _Wörterbuch_, II. p. 274, cites this line as the only instance +in the M.E. literature for _glad_ as a substantive. But even the sense +is very poor without this addition. + +p. 41, l. 1144. As to a man riding into the hall, cf. Skeat’s note to +Chaucer’s _Squiere’s Tale_, l. 80, and Kölbing’s note to _Ipomadon_ +l. 6253 f. + +p. 41, l. 1150 f. I hope my alterations in l. 1151 are right. It cannot +be said that the King of Aragon defends the lady unless somebody has +laid claims to her. Torrent wants either three combats or the lady, +quite a regular occurrence in mediæval romances. + +p. 41, l. 1154. _none_, i.e. _no lady_. + +p. 41, l. 1160. Cf. Kölbing’s note to _Tristrem_, l. 138. + +p. 41, l. 1165. _the gres_, which word is here required by the rhyme, +is, in the same way as in this passage, used for ‘battle-field,’ in +_Perceval_, l. 1225 f.: + + ‘Hedes and helmys ther was, + I telle ȝow withowttene lese, + Many layde {one the gresse}, + And many brode schelde.’ + +p. 42, l. 1181. _For tynding of his hand_ = for fear of (= _for_) the +beating (blows) of his hand. Schoolboy slang still keeps the word ’_to +tund_’ = to beat with something flat.--HALL. + +p. 42, l. 1193. On this expression Skeat treats in _Notes to P. Pl._, +p. 3987, to which note I refer the reader. Cf. _Li B. Disc._, l. 130 f. +(Ritson, _Rom._ II. p. 6): + + ‘Hys schon wer with gold ydyght + And {kopeth} as a knyght.’ + +p. 43, l. 1198 f.: ‘None of them said a single word, But that Torrent +had been right to do so as he had done.’ + +p. 43, l. 1211. There is an evident contradiction between this line and +l. 1199. I suppose the word _waried_ to be wrong; but I am not able to +give a fairly certain emendation of it. + +p. 44, l. 1228 f.: ‘The king had supposed he was dead, and, indeed, +foolhardy he was to undertake an adventure like this.’ + +p. 45, l. 1268 f. This fight between the giant Cate and Torrent reminds +us in some points of the combat between Guy and Colbrond. Like the old +northern _holmganga_, both fights take place on an island, and in both +cases the giant declines to sit on horseback, because he is too heavy; +cf. _Guy of Warwike_, Edinburgh, 1840, l. 9940 ff.: + + ‘When þai had sworn and ostage founde, + Colbrond stirt vp in þat stounde, + To fiȝt he was ful felle. + He was so michel and so vnrede, + That no hors miȝt him lede, + In gest as y you telle. + So mani he hadde of armes gere, + Vnneþe a cart miȝt hem bere, + Þe Inglisse for to quelle.’ + +p. 45, l. 1270. _he_ instead of _him_ is remarkable; this personal +construction, provided that it is right, would offer an analogue to _I +am wo_ instead of _me is wo_; cf. Kölbing’s note to _Tristrem_, l. 245. + +p. 45, l. 1271 = l. 1546. + +p. 46, l. 1307. This line ought probably to run thus: + + ’_Sir Torent praid, as was his wonne._’ + +p. 47, l. 1337 f. This is SAINT _Nycholas de Barr_, not sir N., as the +copyist has put. He was hardly a cleric, or he would have known the Boy +Bishop. An English reference for S. Nicholas is Alban Butler, _Lives of +the Fathers, Martyrs_, etc., vol. vii. p. 989, Dublin, 1833. His day is +Dec. 6th, consequently he is not in _Acta Sanctorum_; see besides +_Altenglische legenden, Neue folge_, ed. Horstmann, Heilbronn, 1881, p. +11-16, and Barbour’s _Legendensammlung_, ed. Horstmann, I. p. 229-245. +_Barr_ is _Bari_ in Italy, and Barbour, I. p. 238, l. 601 f., knew it +was two syllables (cf. the rhyme _þame be: Barre_). Nicholas was the +patron of sailors, and churches on the sea-coast in all parts of Europe +were dedicated to him. Now as Sir Torrent had been in peril at sea, he +offers to him. It was customary to offer garments at such shrines. See +Hampson, _Medii Ævi Kalendarium_, I. p. 72. Hence I propose for l. 1338: +_A grett Erldome and a simarr_. _Simarr_ is not a common word, which +makes it all the more probable here, since the uncommon words are those +which are corrupted and lost. See _Prompt. Parv._, I. p. 75: ’_chymer, +abella_,’ that is ‘abolla, cloak.’ M.E. _simar_, Fr. _simarre_.--HALL. +I have not hesitated for a moment to introduce this sagacious conjecture +into the text; also the correction of _redith_ into _tas_ I owe to Mr. +Hall. + +p. 48, l. 1353. Cf. Kölbing’s note to _Sir Tristrem_, l. 2508. + +p. 48, l. 1364. We ought probably to read _she_ instead of _he_. + +p. 48, l. 1367 f. Cf. l. 1756 f. + +p. 48, l. 1378. Cf. _Sir Tristrem_, l. 2458: + + ‘Bi holtes and bi hille.’ + +p. 49, l. 1385 ff. Here he addresses the King of Portugal. In l. 1385 +_the_ is superfluous, and should perhaps be struck out. + +p. 49, l. 1395. _fend_ = _defend_; cf. Zupitza’s note to _Guy_, l. 576. + +p. 51, l. 1443 f. As the existence of _fede_ = _fode_, ‘fellow’ is +proved by no other passage, we ought perhaps to write _As spede me god: +ffode_, or _As g. me save: knave_, instead of _As god me spede: ffede_. + +p. 51, l. 1445. The alteration of _fleand_, which is absurd here, into +_failand_ is supported by l. 1280. + +p. 51, l. 1446. As to _make_ instead of _made_, cf. l. 332. + +p. 51, l. 1463. Cf. l. 2090 f. I am afraid neither of these passages is +quite right. + +p. 53, l. 1518. Perhaps we ought to read: + + ‘And out of the valey he hyd swith.’ + +p. 54, l. 1531. I don’t believe that the poet used the word _tree_ +thrice within these four lines; perhaps he wrote for l. 1531: _Shold not +drawe it, parde_. + +p. 54, l. 1551. Cf. _Guy_, ed. Zupitza, l. 5430: + + ‘To reste þer horsys a lytull wyght,’ + +and Zupitza’s note to l. 419. + +p. 55, l. 1570. Cf. Stratmann’s note to _Havelok_, l. 1129 (_Englische +studien_, I. p. 424). + +p. 56, l. 1592. _To the I haue full good gate_ means, ‘I am fully +entitled to kill you.’ I don’t recollect to have met with any parallel +passage. + +p. 56, l. 1600. That _dynt_ is wrong, the rhyme shows as well as the +meaning. But whether my alteration is right, seems very doubtful, +especially as l. 1609 offers the same rhyming word. + +p. 58, st. 142. Rhymes like _dight_, _be-taught_, _draught_, _right_ can +by no means be admitted. Now, instead of _be-taught_ we may be allowed +to write _be-teighte_ (cf. _Beket_, l. 1827), and l. 1654 may have run: + + ‘He wold haue a draught, aplight.’ + +p. 59, l. 1676. After _was_, _sent_ may have been dropped. + +p. 59, l. 1692. _For his love_, i.e. ‘As his sweetheart.’ + +p. 60, l. 1714. Cf. _Ipomadon_, l. 52: + + ‘Begge he wex of bonne and blode.’ + +_Ib._ l. 1763: + + ‘Ryghtte bygge of bone and blode.’ + +p. 60, l. 1722: ‘All his men agreed with him,’ viz. that this was the +knight whom he came to seek. + +p. 62, l. 1774. Is _her day_ = A.S. _aerdagas_, cf. _Havelok_, l. 27? +The word is very rare, and in this meaning occurs only in the plural. + +p. 62, l. 1777. After _king_, _on kne_ may have dropped out. + +p. 63, l. 1799. Cf. Chaucer, _C. T._, the Millere’s Tale, l. 325: + + ‘Say what thou wolt, I schal it never telle + To child no wyf, by him that harwed helle.’ + +_Ib._, The Sompnoure’s Tale, l. 407: + + ‘Now help, Thomas, for him that harewed helle.’ + +Perhaps even here, l. 1702, _Iesu, that made hell_, ought to be altered +into _I. that harowde hell_. + +p. 64, l. 1846. Perhaps we ought to read _ebbyng_ instead of _eb_, +according to l. 223; one can hardly say, that ‘the sea is eb.’ + +p. 68, l. 1961. Instead of _A_ I should prefer to read _The_, because +this griffon is the same which robbed the child before. + +p. 69, l. 1982. _Of what lond that he is left_, i.e. ‘Wherever he may be +born.’ + +p. 69, l. 1991 f. Cf. _Ipomadon_, l. 50 f.: + + ‘He sayd: Fro tyme he kepe tham con, + My landes I shall hym take.’ + +p. 70, l. 2002. _It is good in euery fight_, i.e. there is a stone in +the ring which heals wounds, if they are touched with it; cf. Kölbing’s +note to _Ipomadon_, l. 8018. + +p. 70, l. 2010. Halliwell, p. 306, explains _disparlid_ by ‘beaten down, +destroyed,’ a meaning which is not fit for this passage. I read with a +slight addition _disparplid_ = ‘dispersed,’ a rare word; cf. +_Stratmann_, p. 156. + +p. 71, l. 2026. _But_ is probably to be altered into _And_. + +p. 72, l. 2053. Cf. Kölbing’s note to _Tristrem_, l. 3068. + +p. 72, l. 2075. One might be inclined to write: + + ‘That my two children vncrystonyd ware,’ + +but I don’t think that we are obliged to change: ‘I cared only for that +one thing, That my two children might be christened.’ + +p. 74, l. 2126. For _hing_ instead of _heng_ cf. Mätzner, +_Sprachproben_, I. 1, p. 292, note to line 675, where _hynges_ rhymes +with _springes_. + +p. 74, l. 2135. _hede vale_, i.e. principal, best choice; _vale_ = +_wale_, or perhaps aphetic for _avale_ = value.--HALL. + +p. 74, l. 2138. _born_ seems to me somewhat suspicious, though I cannot +propose a better reading; _and torn_ instead of _born_ wouldn’t do. + +p. 75, l. 2152. The imperfect rhyme shows that there is something wrong +in this line; it may be restored thus: + + ‘Loo, lordys good and hende.’ + +p. 75, l. 2153. _wyll haue_ has probably been inserted here from the +following line; we ought to read _has_. + +p. 75, l. 2157. _Season for to hold_, i.e. ‘in order to hold court.’ But +I don’t know another instance of _season_ with this meaning. + +p. 76, l. 2174. This line involves a contradiction to l. 2158 f. + +p. 76, l. 2185. _smote_ means the same as _caste_; cf. _King Horn_, ed. +Wissmann, l. 1038: + + ‘And ankere gunne caste.’ + +The only question is, whether _ankere_ is allowed to be supplied or must +be added; cf. l. 2203. + +p. 77, l. 2209-2214. The Sultan informs Torrent by messengers, that the +inhabitants of the town are starving, evidently appealing to his +generosity. Torrent answers him, that if they will lie here, _i.e._ +leave the town, they are to have victuals enough. But the Sultan doesn’t +accept this condition, and so the siege is continued. That seems to me +to be the meaning of this half of the stanza. + +p. 77, l. 2216 f. _dede_ means here, and l. 2400, ‘exploit, battle.’ In +the same way Saber, Beves’s uncle, once a year on a certain day fights +against the Emperor; cf. _Sir Beues_, l. 2917 ff.: + + ’& eueri ȝer on a dai certaine + Vpon þemperur of Almaine + He ginneþ gret bataile take, + Beues, al for þine sake.’ + +It agrees very well with the religious feelings of the Middle Ages, when +they thought it a merit to fight against the heathens on Good Friday; +cf. here l. 2230 ff. + +p. 77, l. 2224 ff. I am afraid there is something wrong in these lines; +the copyist seems to mean, that Torrent didn’t bereave the inhabitants +of their worldly goods, their treasures; then we must write _them_ for +_it_. But what we really expect here is, that he leaves in the town some +trustworthy men to keep it. Accordingly, the fault lies in _Worldely +goodis_. Besides, l. 2224, _did wyn_, instead of _was yn_, would improve +the rhyme. + +p. 77, l. 2232. _bryght_ is a rather odd epithet to _Sarȝins_. + +p. 78, l. 2233 ff. Fifteen years have past since Torrent began to +fight against the infidels: he besieges the first town two years (cf. +l. 2189), the second, six years (cf. l. 2206), the third, seven years +(cf. l. 2230). Meanwhile, the education of a young man being finished at +the age of fifteen (cf. Kölbing’s note to _Tristrem_, l. 287), his son +had become just old enough to win his spurs. + +p. 78, l. 2240. I doubt whether _ordeyn_ can be allowed to stand without +an object, such as _your folk_, or _your ships_; cf. _Robert of +Glo’ster_, ed. Hearne, p. 139, l. 19: + + ‘He bigan to ordeyne ys folk, & to batail aȝen drow.’ + +p. 78, l. 2256: ‘Woebegone was she, that must see that,’ viz. that ‘le +leopard took away her sone.’ + +p. 78, l. 2259 f. The meaning of these two lines is not quite +perspicuous, and they may be corrupt; only this one thing is clear, that +these two knights are Torrent and his son, who belong to different +parties. + +p. 79, l. 2269 ff. It may be that ll. 2269-71 and ll. 2272-74 are to be +transposed, but I don’t think it necessary: Torrent’s men flee when they +see that their chief has surrendered. + +p. 80, l. 2302. _wekid_ = wicked, mischievous. But I don’t recollect to +have met with this adj. as an epithet to _land_ or _country_. + +p. 80, l. 2304. Cf. _Tristrem_, l. 88, Kölbing’s note to that passage, +and _York Plays_, p. 438, l. 155: + + ‘For, certys, my lyf days are nere done.’ + +p. 80, l. 2316. The alteration of this line is rather a radical one; but +there was no other way to restore the rhyme; I think that first, _day_ +and _nyȝt_ had changed their places in line 2313, and then the copyist, +in order to get a rhyme to _nyȝt_, spoilt the latter line. + +p. 81, l. 2335. _be my ffaye_ and _parmaffay_ in the same stanza, and +both in the rhyme, are rather poor; one of these lines may have run +thus: + + ‘Be god of heven, the king gan say.’ + +p. 82, l. 2357. The same confusion between _turment_ and _turnament_ +occurs in _Ipomadon_, l. 2868; cf. Kölbing’s note to this line. + +p. 83, l. 2392. Cf. _Ipomadon_, l. 3958: + + ‘A mercy, syr, for Crystes pitte,’ + +and Kölbing’s note to this line. + +p. 83, l. 2395 f. Cf. Kölbing’s note to _Tristrem_, l. 3064, where he +cites an interesting parallel passage to this line from _Guy of +Warwick_, ed. Zupitza, l. 4707 f.: + + ‘Ȝyt þou art the trewest knyght, + That euer slepyd in wynturs nyght.’ + +p. 83, l. 2405. _and_ is perhaps miswritten for _an_ or _on_. + +p. 83, l. 2407. This line, as it stands, is rather odd; perhaps it ought +to be identical with l. 1128. + +p. 84, l. 2420. _juster_, _jouster_, means here a knight who joins in a +joust or tournament: in the only other passage where it is known to +occur, _Alis._, l. 1400, it is a horse for tourneying. + +p. 84, l. 2433 = l. 2456; cf. _Ipomadon_, l. 8830: + + ’_Euery man in there degre._’ + +p. 85, l. 2450. On _roial_, cf. Kölbing’s note to _Ipomadon_, l. 64. To +_a roall ffyght_ may be compared Shakespeare’s _A royal battle_ (_Rich. +III._, IV. iv.). + +p. 85, l. 2461. _with oute lent_ = ‘without fasting’? I have not met +with this expletive phrase anywhere else. + +p. 86, l. 2493. It was not superfluous to mention this fact, because +knights were very often killed in tournaments; cf. Niedner, _Das +deutsche turnier im XII. und XIII. Iahrhundert_, Berlin, 1881, p. 24. +See also R. Brunne’s _Handlyng-Synne_, ed. Furnivall, 1862, p. 144-6. + +p. 87, l. 2518-20. As to the meaning of _couplid_, cf. Mätzner, +_Wörterbuch_, I. p. 491. These lines evidently mean that gentlemen and +ladies sit alternately, what one calls in German, _bunte reihe machen_. +Cf. A. Schultz, _Das höfische Leben Zur Zeit der Minnesinger_, I. +p. 330, and P. Pietsch, Bunte Reihe, _Zeitschrift für deutsche +Philologie_, vol. xvi. Halle, 1884, p. 231, who cites from _Biterolf_, +l. 7399 ff.: + + ‘Do hiezens under mîne man + Ir ingesinde wol getân + Sich teilen in dem palas, + Daz kein mîn recke dâ was, + Ern sæze zwischen magedîn.’ + +p. 87, l. 2526. _emell_ was added by Hall in order to restore the rhyme +with _Desonell_. + +p. 88, l. 2535. For this correction, cf. Zupitza’s note to _Guy_, +l. 600. + +p. 90, l. 2593. After _marked_, _them_ may have dropped; cf. _Layamon_, +l. 5642 f.: + + ‘And heom markede forđ, + Touward Munt-giu heo ferden,’ + +instead of which lines the later MSS. writes: + + ‘Hii nome riht hire way + Touward Muntageu.’ + +p. 90, l. 2597. On _castelletoure_ cf. Kölbing’s note to _Tristrem_, +l. 158. + +p. 91, l. 2636. Cf. Kölbing’s notes to _Amis and Amiloun_, l. 1019, and +to _The lyfe of Ipomadon_, l. 506. Here the expression, _no good he ne +couth_ means, he was quite feeble and strengthless. + +p. 92, l. 2658. _up-tyed_ = so limited by the deed of foundation that +they (the churches and abbeys) could not be diverted to any other +purpose.--HALL. + +p. 92, l. 2661. Cf. _Eglamour_, l. 1339, Lincoln MS.: + + ‘In Rome this romance crouned es.’ + +The Cambridge MS. reads instead: + + ‘In Rome thys geste cronyculd ys.’ + +I am inclined to think that _crouned_ is nothing else but a misreading +for _cronyculd_. Afterwards, considered to be correct, it has originated +expressions like those we find here. + + + + +GLOSSARY. + +[Transcriber’s Note: + +Asterisks* are not explained. They seem to indicate words that did not +appear in the original MS but are the result of editorial emendation. +They may or may not occur elsewhere in the text.] + + _abydde_, 2/41, _vb._ to endure. + _a-bye_, 21/569, _vb._ to pay for. + _actone_, 79/2276, _sb._ a jacket of quilted cotton. + Cf. Skeat’s Glossary to _Wars of Al._, s.v. + _ago_, 3/65, _pp._ gone. + _a-right_, 48/1364, _pt. s._ prepared, served up. + _assent_, 48/1357, _sb._ proposal. + _assttyt_, 23/640, _adv._ at once. + _auter_, 68/1952, _sb._ altar. + _avented_, 54/1554, _pt. s. refl._ recovered his breath. + _aventorres_, 2/39, _sb. pl._ adventures. + _aventurly_, 44/1229, _adv._ boldly. + _axithe_, 10/260, _pr. 3 sg._ asks. + + _balle_, 15/400, _sb._ bale. + _bane_,* 29/794, _sb._ bone; + 52/1478, _sb._ destruction, death; + 59/1678, _sb._ over-comer. + _bare_, 53/1502, _pr. s._ stabbed. + _barys_, 35/978, _sb. pl._ bars. + _bayte_, 54/1553, _vb._ to pasture. + _bed_, 29/793, _pp._ offered. + _bent_, 25/701, 86/2487, _sb._ battle-field. + _berdles_, 36/1015, _adj._ beardless. + _bere_, 37/1045, _vb._ to stab. + _be-stad_, 29/808, _pp._ sore bestad = distressed. + _bet_, 57/1622, _pt. s._ beat. + _be-taught_, 58/1651, _pp._ surrendered, delivered. + _bett_, 55/1585, _pp._ beaten; 40/1123, _pp._ ornamented. + _be-tyde_, 45/1270, _vb._ to befall; cf. the note to this line. + _beytyng_, 36/1008, _vb. sb._, baiting.? + _bla_,* 9/237, _adj._ pale, wan; cf. the note. + _blo_,* 13/351, _adj._ blue. + _blynd_, 4/87, _pr. s. conj._ blind. + _bode_, 18/498, _pr. s._ ordered. + _boffettes_, 85/2472; + _buffettes_, 56/1596, _sb. pl._ blow, dint. + _bone_, 55/1565, _sb._ prayer. + _bord_, 29/819, 42/1194, _sb._ table. + _bowes_, 51/1451, _sb. pl._ bough, branch. + _bowght_, 21/556, _sb._ bend. + _brayd_, 56/1598, _sb._ sudden attack. + _broke_, 30/833, 48/1354, _vb._ to enjoy. + _browȝ_, 24/654, _sb._ rising ground, hill. + _byddythe_, 18/500, _pr. s._ waited, remained. + _byght_, 22/605, _vb._ to bite. + _byne_, 2/46, _vb._ to be. + _byrlyd_, 11/292, 12/329, _pr. s._ to pour out. + + _castell toure_, 90/2597, _sb._ castle tower. + _chaffare_, 35/986, _sb._ bargain. + _chalenge_, 41/1150; + _pr. s._ 41/1163; + _pr. s. conj._ challenge. + _cheff-foster_, 21/574, _sb._ chief-foster. + _ches_, 26/718, _pr. s._ chose. + _chyrge_, 29/814, _sb._ church. + _clarkys_, 1/12, _sb. pl._ clerks. + _clere_, 3/62, _adj._ _clere of_, renowned for. + _clow_,* 20/542, _sb._ clough. + _cobled_, 46/1298, _adj._ cobled stones = cobblestones. + _comely_, 26/722, _adv._ in a comely manner; cf. the note. + _contenance_,* 3/75, _sb._ countenance, presence of mind. + _cord_, 48/1357, _pr. s._ accord. + _coueryd_, 87/2506, _pr. pl._ _Vp they coueryd_ = They recovered.? + _countenance_, 39/1105, _sb._ countenance. + _couped_, 42/1193, _pp._; cf. the note. + _coupled_, 87/2520, _pp._ coupled; cf. the note. + _coursus_, 41/1150, 42/1177, _sb. pl._ courses. + _couth_, 46/1295, 91/2636, _pr. s._ knew. + _craftely_, 54/1527, _adv._ skilfully. + _crest_, 40/1128; + _creste_, 83/2407, _sb._ crest. + _croke_, 36/1018, 37/1042, 55/1577, 56/1607, 58/1652, _sb._ crook. + + _dalle_, 21/562, _sb._ valley. + _delyuer_, 41/1154, _vb._; + 41/1151, _imp._ to deliver up; + _delyuerd_, 63/1806, 1808, _pp._ delivered of a child; + _delyuerd_, 82/2372, _pp._ released? + _dent_, 2/41, _sb._ blow. + _departid_, 47/1329, _pr. pl._ divorced. + _dewe_, 4/88, _sb._ dieu. + _deyr_, 2/37, _adj._ dear. + _deyse_, 38/1067, 42/1192, _sb._ dais. + _dight_, 39/1081, _pr. s._ built. + _disparplid_,* 70/2010, _pp._ dispersed; cf. the note. + _dong_, 61/1754, _pr. pl._ dung, beat. + _dourst_, 3/81, _prs. sg._ darest. + _draught_, 58/1654, _sb._ draught. + _dryee_, 36/994, _vb._ endure. + _duchyes_, 33/933, _sb. pl._ duchies. + _dulful_, 19/519, _adj._ troublesome. + _dynnyng_, 52/1487, _sb._ roaring. + _dyspisyst_, 2/47, _prs. 2 sg._ despisest. + + _eb_, 64/1846, _sb._ ebb; cf. the note. + _ebbyd_, 8/223, _pp._ ebbing. + _ech_, 92/2657, _pron._ each. + _eche_, 24/649, _sb._ oak. + _endentyd_, 9/227, _pp._ indented, adorned. + _erber_, 65/1868, _sb._ garden of pleasure. + _ermyght_, 36/1008, _sb._? + _eyllythe_, 34/958, _prs. 3 sg._ ails. + + _fall_, 47/1331, _vb._ to fell, kill. + _fame_, 2/31, _sb._ foam. + _fare_, 44/1234, _sb._ at that fare = under these circumstances. + _farly_, 2/44; + _ferly_, 69/1974, 71/2035, _sb._ wonder. + _fawe_,* 16/431, _adj._ destined to death. + _fede_,* 2/30, _sb._ feed, pasture ground; cf. the note. + _ffede_, 51/1444, _sb._; cf. the note. + _fell_, 85/2444, _adj._ strong, able. + _fell_, 1/21, 4/90, _vb._ to fell, kill; + _fellythe_, 3/82, _pr. 3 sg._ fells. + _fere_, 3/69, 4/98, 4/102, 33/931, 85/2466, _sb._ companion. + _fesomnyd_, 2/28, _pr. s._; cf. the note. + _fet_, 12/309, _pp._ fetched. + _ffettouris_, 81/2333, _sb. pl._ fetters. + _flyng_, 67/1927, _vb._ to hasten. + _flyngyng_, 14/378, _p. prs._ hastening. + _fode_, 36/1012, _sb._ food; _ffode_, 64/1823, _sb._ child, wight. + _ffont_, 69/1993, _sb._ font. + _forsake_, 26/724, _vb._ to leave behind. + _fforward_, 41/1743, _sb._ agreement. + _fraye_, 23/638, _sb._ attack. + _freke_, 58/1661, _sb._ warrior. + _frethe_, 6/161, _sb._ forest. + _fyle_, 33/911, _sb._ fill. + _ffyne_, 39/1086, _sb._ fine. + _fytte_, 17/458, _sb. pl._ feet. + _fytyng_, 7/1731, _p. prs._ fighting. + + _gadlyng_, 36/1015, _sb._ vagabond. + _gale_, 46/1313, _sb._ galley. + _gas_, 4/103, _prs. 3 sg._ goes. + _gestonye_, 82/2374, 91/2625, 91/2627, _sb._ banquet, feast. + _gethe_, 71/2042, _prs. 3 sg._ goes. + _glemyrryng_, 16/426, _p. prs._ glimmering. + _governe_, 28/779, _vb. refl._ to behave. + _greme_,* 67/1929, _sb._ grief, sorrow. + _grennyng_, 40/1126, _p. prs._ distorting, gaping. + _gryffon_, 69/1971; + _greffon_, 69/1981, _sb._ griffin. + _grype_, 68/1961, _sb._ griffin. + + _harood_, 60/1711, _sb._ herald; + 82/2365, _harroldys_, _sb. pl._ heralds. + _harood_, 63/1799, _pr. s._ distracted. + _hed_, 17/444, _sb._ heed. + _hede_, 74/2126, _vb._ to behead. + _hede-vale_, 74/2135, 91/2621, _sb._ principal value; + cf. the note to l. 2135. + _hedles_, 25/702, _adj._ headless. + _hende_, 4/106, _adj._ courteous. + _herne_,* 37/1030, _sb._ brains. + _heved_,* 14/371, _sb._ head. + _hight_, 65/1860, _sb._ height. + _housell_, 45/1272; + _howsell_, 74/2139, _sb._ housel. + _howge_, 20/548, _adj._ huge, enormous. + _howt_, 25/703, _adv._ out. + _hurt_, 57/1625, _sb._ hurt. + + _i-bye_, 43/1222, _vb._ to pay for. + _i-wysse_, 15/391, _adv._ surely. + _juster_, 84/2420, _sb._ jousting knight. + + _kene_, 2/47, _adj._ brave. + _kerpyng_, 92/2662, _vb. sb._ talking. + + _lade_, 58/1663, _sb._ load, i.e. a lot of blows. + _lay_, 6/165, 52/1492, _sb._ grass land, bank. + _lede_, 2/36, _sb._ country. + _lemyred_, 11/291, _pr. s._ glimmered. + _lenage_, 18/491, _sb._ lineage, family. + _lende_, 1/9, _prs. pl._ go. + _leng_, 32/899, _vb._ to stay. + _lent_, 85/2461, _sb._ lent? + _leryd_, 40/1110, _pp._ informed. + _lifte_, 45/1273, _vb._ to lift. + _lothly_, 34/964, 35/991; + lothely, 53/1508, 54/1534, _adj._ loathsome. + _love_, 59/1692, _sb._ love, sweet-heart. + _lyst_, 1/7, _vb._ to listen. + _lythe_, 13/337, _vb._ to listen. + _lyvelode_, 83/2384, _sb._ livelihood. + + _maistershipmon_, 50/1425, _sb._ captain. + _mall_, 12/322, _sb._ hammer, club. + _markyd_, 90/2592, _pr. s._ directed. + _mate_, 25/678, _adj._ faint, exhausted. + _maynerey_, 16/435, _sb._ banquet, feast. + _maystry_, 8/212, _sb._ mastery; + _maystres_, 28/789, _sb. pl._ = _maystries_, exploits? + _meche_, 10/270, 20/531, 26/713, 37/1040, _adj._ much, great. + _met_, 25/700, _pr. s._ measured. + _moche_, 49/1399, 76/2195, _adj._ much, great. + _myd mete_, 41/1141, 42/1189, _sb._ the middle of the dinner. + _mylle_, 3/79, _sb._ mile. + _myrre_, 11/293, 34/943, _adj._ merry. + _myster_, 21/581, _sb._ need, want. + + _nonys_, 46/1299, _in phr. for þe nones_, for the once, for the + occasion. + _noryse_, 67/1928, _sb._ nurse. + _not_,* 54/1535, _prs._ _ne wot_, don’t know. + _nowyd_, 6/153, _pp._ annoyed? cf. the note. + + _of-smyght_, 25/691, _vb._ to cut off. + _omage_, 39/1086, _sb._ homage. + _onfre_,* 53/1499, _adj._ unnoble. + _on-harnes_, 11/302, _vb._ to unharness. + _ordor_, 2/51, _sb._ order. + _ordurres_, 2/48, _sb. pl._ knighthood, dub. + _ovyr-ryde_, 2/40, _vb._ to ride over, to overcome? + + _payn_, 44/1252, _sb._ fine, mulct. + _persewyd_,* 17/462, _pp._ pursued. + _pertely_, 53/1501, _adv._ openly, plainly. + _pluckys_, 56/1611, _sb._ strokes; cf. Halliwell, Dict., p. 633. + _pomell_, 26/714, _sb._ pommel. + _poynt_, 17/445, 88/2540, = _poynt of armys_, 3/68, 30/832, 49/1383, + _sb._ exploit. + _prekand_, 45/1263, _prs. p._ pricking. + _preste_, 50/1418, _adj._ ready. + _preve_, 10/275, _adj._ privy. + _pyll_, 21/573, _sb._ rock? + + _ragyd_, 7/194, _adj._ ragged. + _rawght_, 24/645, _pr. s._ gave. + _red_, 7/178, _sb._ counsel. + _reioyse_, 75/2151, 80/2309, 91/2640, _vb._ to enjoy. + _rerid_, 55/1561, _pr. pl._ reared, tried to bring on. + _reue_, 35/986, _vb._ to bereave, to rob. + _reuelid_, 85/2467, _pr. pl._ revelled, feasted. + _revid_, 88/2546, _pp._ robbed. + _rewe_, 31/860, _vb._ to rue, to pity. + _reysed_, 46/1313, _pr. pl._ raised, made ready; + _reysing_, 51/1454, _prs. p._ rising, starting up. + _rially_, 87/2516, _adv._ royally. + _rialte_, 85/2455, _sb._ royal state. + _rightfull_, 64/1834, _adj._ rightfull. + _roall_, 85/2450, _adj._ royal. + _rome_, 19/516, _sb._ cross-way? + _rore_, 37/132, _vb._ to roar. + _rough_, 66/1879, _sb._ wood, copse. + _rowe_, 50/1426, _prs. pl._ row. + _rowght_, 24/645, _sb._ stroke, blow? + _rude_, 58/1666, _adj._ rude. + _ryd_, 2/44, _pr. s._ rode. + _ryde-wey_, 22/598, _sb._ spur-way, horse-way. + _ryngis_, 82/2354, _sb._ ring, arena. + _ryved_, 73/2090, _pr. s._ ryved up, landed, disembarked; + _ryven_, 50/1435, _pr. p._ landed. + + _sare_, 4/97, _adv._ sorely. + _sarten_, 26/717, _adj. sb._ the sarten = the truth. + _sayment_, 2/50, _sb._ trial, exploit. + _scape_, 81/2327, _prs. subj._ escape. + _schedyng_, 19/516, _sb._ separation. + _scheff-chambyr_, 26/718, _sb._ chief-chamber, first rank-chamber. + _scheld_, 21/578, _vb._ to shelter. + _schere_, 21/556, _vb._ to shear, to cut. + _schope_, 21/567, _pr. s._ created. + _schowt_, 21/570, + _schoute_, 61/1751, 65/1877, _s._; _schuot_, 22/594, _vb._ to shout. + _season_, 75/2157, _sb._ court. + _see-fome_, 75/2165, _sb._ sea-foam. + _sege_, 77/2204, _sb._ siege. + _sekyrnes_, 30/835, _sb._ surety. + _semled_, 85/2445, _pr. pl._ assembled. + _sete_, 33/922, _sb._ city. + _seth_, 74/2141, _conj._ since. + _sett_, 41/1152, _pr. s._ sat. + _sewe_, 4/89, _vb._ to look at. + _shipped_, 45/1260, _pr. s._ 46/1318, _pr. pl._ shypped, + _pp._ embarked. + _shone_, 40/1117, _sb. pl._ shoes. + _side lokyng_, 57/1637, _sb._ side-glance. + _siȝed_, 79/2288, _pr. s._ sighed. + _simarr_,* 47/1338, _sb._ cloak; see the note. + _slade_, 58/1660, _sb._ slade. + _slon_,* 16/458, _sb._ sloe. + _smote_, 76/2185; + _smote adown_, 77/2203, _pr. s._ cast anchor. + _solasyd_, 24/657, _pr. s._ solaced, comforted. + _solemnite_, 56/1591, _sb._ pride. + _sotell_, 61/1761, _adj._ subtle, sly. + _sownyng_, 49/1400, 62/1782, 90/2615, _sb._ swooning. + _sparid_, 73/2096, _pr. pl._ barred, blocked up. + _sped_, 3/70, _prs. conj._ speed. + _spent_, 67/1910, _pp._ lost. + _sperryd_, 14/364, _pr. s._ barred, shut up. + _sperrys_, 5/127, _sb._ spire, tree. + _spousage_, 62/1791, _sb._ spousage. + _sprent_, 7/181, _pr. s._ lept. + _spryt_, 7/181, _sb._ pole. + _stad_,* 55/1566, _sb._ stead. + _state_, 60/1729, _sb._ chair of state. + _stere_,* 24/662, _vb. refl._ move. + _steryng_, 62/1785, _p. prs._ stirring, moving. + _stomlyng_, 24/660, _p. prs._ stumbling. + _storrope_, 35/987, _sb._ stirrup. + _strake_, 2/42, _pr. s._ struck. + _styll_, 18/477, _sb._ steel. + _swathing band_, 67/1917, _sb._ swath. + _swowe_,* 20/548, _sb._ noise; cf. the note. + _sybbe_,* 27/739, _sb._ kinsman. + + _takyll_, 49/1402, _sb._ tackling. + _tall_, 26/734, _sb._ tale. + _tene_, 3/73, _sb._ grief, sorrow. + _the_, 2/49, _vb._ to thrive. + _thede_,* 60/1728, _sb._ people. + _thefe_, 46/1292; + _theffe_, 58/1659, _sb._ villain. + _theves_, 61/1760, _sb. pl._ villains. + _thole_,* 17/460, _vb._ to suffer. + _throng_, 38/1057, _sb._ crowd, troop. + _thronge_, 79/2283, _pr. pl._ thronged, pressed. + _tombelyd_, 42/1173, _pr. pl._ tumbled. + _to-sheverd_, 42/1172, _pr. s._ shivered in pieces. + _trast_,* 17/455,? _vb._ to trust. + _trayll_, 46/1314, _vb._ to trail. + _trayn_, 29/803, 51/1455, _sb._ treachery, deceit. + _trompettys_, 29/816, 34/443, + _trumpettes_, 41/1164, _sb. pl._ trumpets. + _trovylld_, 17/452, _pr. s._ travailed, exerted himself. + _trow_, 21/572, _pr. s._ believe. + _trusse_, 13/354, _vb._ to truss. + _trussyd_, 14/371, _pr. pl._ trussed. + _tyed_, 92/2658, _pp._; cf. the note. + _tyght_, 22/589, _adj._ tight. + _tyght_, 25/690, _adv._ in phr. _ase tyght_, at once. + _tymbyr_, 2/40, 81/2349, 86/2483, _sb._ lance. + _tynding_, 42/1181, _sb._ beating; cf. the note. + + _vale_, s. _hede_. + _venturus_, 55/1566, _adj._ adventurous, dangerous. + _vetelid_, 76/2188, _pp._ supplied with provisions. + _victoure_, 83/2411, _sb._ victor. + _vnbrydeled_, 54/1552, _pr. s._ unbridled. + _vnder_, 71/2029, _sb._ noon. + _vndyr-nethe_, 20/542, _prep._ underneath. + _vndertane_, 61/1733, _vb._ to undertake. + + _walloyng_, 7/189, _prs. p._ wallowing. + _wanne_, 62/1767, _adj._ wan, dark. + _ward_, 48/1351, _sb._ warden. + _waried_, 43/1211, 88/2544, _pr. pl._ cursed; + _waried_, 54/1537, _pp._ cursed. + _warne_, 29/795, _prs. s._ deny, refuse. + _water fflood_, 65/1872, _sb._ water-flood. + _watt_, 44/1247, _prs. 3 sg._ knows. + _wax_, 3/73, _pr. s._ became. + _wede_, 2/33, _sb._ garment, dress. + _wekid_, 80/2302, _adj._ wicked; see the note. + _were_, 57/1623, _vb._ to get tired. + _were_, 28/773, _adj._ aware. + _wet-saffe_, 17/466, _pr. s._ vouchsafe. + _wexe_,* 9/237, _pr. pl._ became. + _wight_, 54/1551, _sb._ white. + _wilsom_, 71/2030; + _wyld-som_, 20/535; + _wyldsome_, 19/506, _adj._ wild, desert. + _wis_, 53/1525, _vb._ to show. + _wod_, 14/377, _adj._ mad. + _won_, 4/94, _adj._ one. + _wonande_, 1/14, _p. prs._ living. + _wondyr-thyng_, 2/53, _sb._ wondrous thing. + _wonne_, 46/1295, _sb._ custom, expedient. + _wonne_, 46/1307, _pp._ wont? cf. the note. + _wonne_, 65/1870, _p._ dwelling, living? + _wonne_, 69/1995, _pp._ won. + _wrought vp_, 54/1532, _pr. s._ built up, raised. + _wyght_,* 1/15, 3/60. + _wyt_, 27/749, + _wyhte_, 30/848, _adj._ wight. + + _yare_,* 7/177,* 14/369, 47/1320, _adv._ wholly, yarely. + _yatis gone_, 71/2025, _sb. pl._ footpaths. + _yell_, 46/1305, _vb._ to yell. + _yell_, 52/1487, _sb._ yell. + _yf_, 61/1740, _imp. s._ + _yff_, 70/2009, _prs. conj. s._ may give. + _ylke_, 25/694, 63/1801, _pron._ same. + + + + +INDEX OF NAMES. + + + _Adolake_, 434, the name of a sword; _Adyloke_, 665; _Hatheloke_, 791. + _Adryan_, 927, St. Hadrian. + _Amyas_, 345, a young prince. + _Antioche_, 2229, Antiochia. + _Antony_, 1874, 1940, 1970, 2558, St. Antony. + _Antony fice greffoun_, 1998, 2435, 2476, _Torrent’s_ son. + _Aragon_, 1114, 1152, 1182, 1212, 1257, 1325, 2110; _Eragon_, 765. + _Awsden_, 1029, St. Austin. + + _Be-gon-mese_, 101, a giant. + _Berweyne_, 344; see _Jakys_. + _Brasille_, 1450, a forest on the Norwegian coast. + + _Calabur_, 847, 907, 952, 1059, 1320, 2113, Calabria. + _Calamond_, 1221, King of Portugal; + _Calomond_, 2116, 2168; + _Colomand_, 2104; + _Colomond_, 1408, 2143. + _Cardon_, 1091, a town in Calabria. + _Cargon_, 1326, a town in Aragon. + _Cate_, 1238, 1254, 1293, 1593, a giant. + + _Desonell{e}_, 109, 382, 446, 450, 478, 673, 795, 859, 985, 1102, + 1135, 1161, 1359, 1393, 1703, 1780, 2006, 2059, 2077, 2092, 2173, + 2401, 2424, 2500, 2509, 2523, 2533, 2587, 2614, King _Calamond’s_ + daughter, _Torrent’s_ spouse; + _Dissonell{e}_, 1329; _Dysonell{e}_, 32. + + _Elyoner_, 347, daughter of the King of _Gales_. + + _Flonthus_, 1005, _Slonges of Flonthus_, a giant. + _Fuolles_, 748, _Slogus of Fuolles_, variation of the former name. + + _Gales_, 346, 408, 417. + _Gendres_, 1747, daughter of the King of Norway. + _George_, 1677, St. George. + _Grece_, 2419, 2434, 2557, 2643, Greece. + _Grekes_, 79, 1282, 2179, 2645, Greeks. + _Gryffen_, 1215, St. Griffon. + + _Hungry_, 970, Hungary. + + _Jakys_, 344, _Jakys of Berweyne_, a young prince. + _Jame_, 744, 788, St. James. + _Jerusalem_, 1897, 1921, 1938, 2236, 2245, 2275, 2426, 2473, 2554, + 2633. + _Jesus_, 134, 274, 537, 540, 675, 996, 1340, 1371, 1382, 1447, 1539, + 1564, 1702, 1799, 1937, 1985, 1997, 2218, 2580; + _Iesu Cryst_, 206, 529, 1275, 1832, 1852, 2664. + _John_, 1884, 2140, 2514, 2559, St. John. + + _Katryn_, 2053, St. Catherine. + + _Leobertus_, 1925, 2246, 2477, _Torrent’s_ son. + + _Marre_, 85, 624; _Mary_, 136, 1308, 1565, 1646, 1888, 1906, 1946, + 1969, 2098, 2311; _Marry_, 61, 259, 863. + _Mavdeleyn_, 489; + _Mawdleyn_, 505, 737, Maudlin, name of a forest. + _Mownpolyardnus_, 716, the name of a sword. + _Myhell{e}_, 753, St. Michael. + + + _Nazareth_, 465, 2032, 2041, 2389, 2437, 2528. + _Norway_, 1370, 1377, 1412, 1417, 1759, 1781, 2083. + _Nycholas de Barr_, 1337, St. Nicholas de Bari; see the note. + + _Peron_, 1776, 1830; + _Perowne_, 659; + _Perrown_, 412, a town in Portugal. + _Pervens_, 420, 1095, 1320; + _Pervyns_, 868, 2113, Provence; + _Provyns_, 397, 413. + _Portingale_, 1069, 1346, 2090, 2095, 2593; + _Portyngale_, 1772, 2134, 2176, 2413, 2620; + _Portynggall{e}_, 13, 25, 374, 399, 727, 763, 877, 883, 1255, + Portugal. + + _Quarell{e}_, 2182, 2415, a town in Syria. + + _Raynes_, 2414, a town in Syria. + _Rochense_, 637, a giant. + _Rome_, 12, 118, 187, 190, 198, 558, 924, 1224, 1282, 1319, 1924, + 2183, 2626, 2661. + + _Samson_, 95, Samson. + _Sarȝins_, 2232, Saracens. + _Sathanas_, 1237, Satan. + _Slochys_, 850; + _Slogus_, 748; + _Slonges_, 1005; + _Slongus_, 967, a giant. + + _Torrayne_, 26, Touraine. + _Torren_, 343. + _Torrent_, 34, 46, 49, 61, 91, 133, 148, 181, 200, 203, 217, 224, + 230, 252, 280, 295, 302, 314, 392, 399, 432, 466, 470, 477, 480, + 495, 504, 519, 528, 540, 556, 577, 585, 591, 621, 634, 642, 645, + 648, 663, 670, 677, 681, 687, 691, 693, 699, 733, 739, 752, 768, + 772, 819, 824, 825, 828, 834, 839, 843, 852, 877, 883, 896, 946, + 957, 984, 987, 999, 1006, 1021, 1023, 1039, 1044, 1051, 1060, + 1072, 1119, 1163, 1167, 1170, 1176, 1200, 1256, 1263, 1270, 1284, + 1298, 1414, 1434, 1480, 1535, 1699, 1756, 1838, 1903, 2081, 2485, + 2630; + _Terrant_, 142; + _Terrent_, 85; + _Torent_, 157, 205, 756, 784, 1246, 1254, 1278, 1293, 1307, 1317, + 1322, 1325, 1331, 1347, 1355, 1367, 1379, 1391, 1437, 1443, 1494, + 1511, 1517, 1562, 1569, 1598, 1613, 1622, 1724, 1727, 1780, 1811, + 2084, 2097, 2107, 2117, 2120, 2140, 2150, 2155, 2179, 2191, 2197, + 2209, 2224, 2244, 2257, 2263, 2269, 2281, 2330, 2362, 2380, 2478, + 2479, 2482, 2489, 2495, 2501, 2503, 2511, 2534, 2567, 2575, 2603, + 2611, 2617, 2642, 2649; + _Torrant_, 70, 76, 103, 241, 253, 364, 380, 657, 760, 840, 963; + _Tyrrant_, 18. + + _Velond_, 427, Veland the smith. + _Verdownys_, 305, 341, 410, son of the King of Provence. + + _Weraunt_, 1650, a giant. + + +R. CLAY AND SONS, LIMITED, LONDON AND BUNGAY. + + + * * * * * + * * * * + * * * * * + + +_Typography_ + +In the Notes and Introduction, long vowels were printed with circumflex +â rather than macron ā. This usage has been retained; the circumflex +accent in its own right does not occur. + +In the Introduction, emphasis within italicized passages was shown +either by reverting to Roman type or by printing the words as _gesperrt_ +(extended). For this e-text, the first kind of emphasis is shown in +{braces}, the second with +marks+. + +In the main text, folio numbers were italicized as 85_a_, 85_b_... This +markup has been omitted to reduce visual clutter. + +Loops or flourishes attached to final letters are shown as ~ (tilde +_after_ letter). If you find this distracting, feel free to delete it +globally. The character does not occur anywhere else, and the flourishes +probably do not mean anything. + +The letter “n” with overline is shown as ñ (n-tilde) for better font +support. + +Double “l” in the main text was printed as two l’s with a single +connecting line. They are shown in this e-text as ƚƚ (paired l-bar). +Note that the printers do not seem to have had an italic version of this +letter pair; in the e-text it is shown as italic or roman based on the +surrounding text. + + +_Errors and Inconsistencies_ + +Errors in the main text and fragments are shown at the end of each +stanza in [[double brackets]]. The word “invisible” means that there is +an appropriately sized blank space or extra indentation, but the +character (usually an open single quote) is missing. Unusual spellings +in the Sidenotes are probably attributable to Frederick Furnivall. + +Hyphenization of prefixes in the modern material (introduction, +linenotes, endnotes) does not always match the body text; words are +printed as shown. In citations, capitalization of German is unchanged. + +Commas at the end of Glossary entries are not errors. The letters I and +J are alphabetized together. Initial U is written and alphabetized as V. + + +_Introduction_ + + § 1 + still worse is the fact, that he did not recognize + [comma unchanged] + Footnote 1: ... written down from oral recitation.’ + [close quote invisible] + + § 2 + II. C. d. Tho he be {st}rod anoble {st}ede ... + Torent be {str}ode a stede {str}ong + [body text has “a noble” and “be-strod” (both times)] + + § 3 + 1. No part. pres. on-_ond_ ... + [printed as shown at line break: error for “_onond_”?] + + § 4 + (3) In the Northern collection, pp. lxi and lxiv. Herrig’s _Archiv_ + [text has “Archiv.” with superfluous period] + Footnote 8: F. H. v. d. Hagen + [text has “F. H., v. d.” with superfluous comma] + 10. (... as may be gleaned from l. 2440.) + [final . missing] + + [Eglamour and Torrent, parallel] + _Eglamour_, Linc. MS. Note on 1267: + [line also printed at bottom of preceding page (partway through + parallel passages)] + +_Notes_ + + p. 3, l. 59. ... _The Lyfe of Ipomydon_ + [spelling unchanged; elsewhere “Ipomadon”] + p. 16, l. 429-31. ...--I. Hall. + [error for J(oseph)? normal citation form is “Hall”, without + initial, in small capitals] + p. 21, l. 555. [text has “p. 21.”] + p. 29, l. 819. On the meaning of the phrase ‘_the bord beginne_,’ + [close quote missing] + p. 42, ... Cf. _Li B. Disc._, l. 130 f. + [missing . after l] + p. 63, l. 1799. ... To child no wyf + [printed as shown; expected form is “ne wyf”] + p. 70, l. 2010. + [“l.” missing] + p. 86, l. 2493. ... XII. und XIII. Iahrhundert + [error for “Jahrhundert”? book cited is not printed in fraktur] + p. 90, l. 2593. ... ‘And heom markede forđ, + [printed as shown, with đ for expected ð] + the later MSS. writes: + [error for “MS.” _or_ “write”] + +_Glossary_ + + _harood_ ... 82/2365, _harroldys_, _sb. pl._ heralds. + [text has 82/2365; with semicolon for comma] + _prekand_, 45/1263, _prs. p._ pricking. + [missing comma] + _rightfull_, 64/1834, _adj._ rightfull. + [printed as shown] + _roall_, 85/2450, _adj._ royal. + [“adj.” missing] + _storrope_, 35/987, _sb._ stirrup. + _tymbyr_, 2/40, 81/2349, 86/2483, _sb._ lance. + [“sb.” missing in both entries] + _wyght_,* 1/15, 3/60. + [final . may be error for ,] + _wyhte_, 30/848, _adj._ wight. + [text has “30/548”] + +_Names_ + + _Desonell{e}_ ... 2614, King [text has 2614; with semicolon] + _Sarȝins_, 2232, Saracens. + [Index has “Sarzins” but body text has “Sarȝins”] + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Torrent of Portyngale, by Unknown + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TORRENT OF PORTYNGALE *** + +***** This file should be named 35190-0.txt or 35190-0.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/5/1/9/35190/ + +Produced by Louise Hope, Taavi Kalju and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +book was produced from scanned images of public domain +material from the Google Print project.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +http://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +http://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at http://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit http://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. +To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + http://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. diff --git a/35190-0.zip b/35190-0.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..4ea65a9 --- /dev/null +++ b/35190-0.zip diff --git a/35190-8.txt b/35190-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..df0fc7a --- /dev/null +++ b/35190-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,9046 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Torrent of Portyngale, by Unknown + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Torrent of Portyngale + +Author: Unknown + +Editor: Erich Adam + +Release Date: February 17, 2011 [EBook #35190] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TORRENT OF PORTYNGALE *** + + + + +Produced by Louise Hope, Taavi Kalju and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +book was produced from scanned images of public domain +material from the Google Print project.) + + + + + +[Transcriber’s Note: + +This e-text includes characters that require UTF-8 (Unicode) file +encoding: + + ȝ (yogh) + ƚƚ (l with line: see typograpic notes) + ŷ æ̂ (vowels with less common diacritics: only in the Introduction) + +If any of these characters do not display properly, or if the +apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, +make sure your text reader’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set +to Unicode (UTF-8). You may also need to change the default font. As a +last resort, use the Latin-1 version of the file instead. + +All footnotes are shown immediately after their referring paragraph. +Except in the Introduction, footnotes are identified by section: T1, +T2... (Torrent, main text), F1 (Fragments) and N1 (Notes). + +The main text is shown stanza by stanza. Sidenotes are grouped at the +beginning of the stanza, linenotes and numbered footnotes (rare) at the +end. Headnotes that originally came at mid-stanza have been moved to the +following stanza break. + +Italics representing expanded abbreviations are shown in {braces}. In +the “Metre and Versification” section of the introduction, emphasis +within italicized text is shown the same way. Emphasized words are +shown with +marks+. Typographic details are given at the end of the +e-text. + +Errors and anomalies in the main text are shown in [[double brackets]] +immediately after the linenotes for each stanza. Other errors are listed +at the end of the e-text. + +Except for brackets enclosing linenotes and errata, all brackets are +in the original. Line numbers in brackets are explained in the +Introduction.] + + + + + Torrent of Portyngale. + + + Early English Text Society. + Extra Series, No. LI. + 1887. + + + + + Berlin: Asher & Co., 5, Unter Den Linden. + New York: C. Scribner & Co.; Leypoldt & Holt. + Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co. + + + + + TORRENT OF PORTYNGALE. + + + Re-Edited + + From the Unique MS. in the Chetham Library, Manchester, + + by + + E. ADAM, Ph.D. + + + London: + Publisht for the Early English Text Society + By N. Trübner & Co., 57 & 59, Ludgate Hill. + MDCCCLXXXVII. + + + + + DEDICATED + + TO MY TEACHER AND HELPER, + + PROF. E. KÖLBING, Ph.D. + + + +Extra Series.+ + LI. + Richard Clay & Sons, Limited, London & Bungay. + + + * * * * * + * * * * + + Torrent of Portyngale. + + * * * * + * * * * * + + +INTRODUCTION. + + § 1. _The MS. and Halliwell’s edition_, p. v. + + § 2. _Metre and Versification_, p. vi. + + § 3. _Dialect_, p. x; + _short vowels_, p. xi; + _long vowels_, p. xii; + _inflexions_, p. xiii. + + § 4. a. _The contents of the Romance_, p. xvi; + b. _its character_, p. xx; + c. _Origin of the story of Torrent_, p. xxi; + d. _Legend of Eustache or Plasidas_, p. xxii; + e. _Sir Isumbras_, p. xxiv; + f. _Romances of Octavian_, p. xxv; + g. _Sir Eglamour_, p. xxvi; + h. _Comparison of Torrent and Eglamour_, p. xxvii; + i. _the 2 Romances independent_, p. xxx. + + § 5. _Arrangement of this Edition_, p. xxxii. + + +§ 1. The manuscript from which the following romance of _Sir Torrent of +Portugal_ is taken, is a folio volume on paper, of the fifteenth +century, preserved in the Chetham Library at Manchester. + +A description of this volume is given by Halliwell in his _Account of +the European MSS. in the Chetham Library at Manchester_, Manchester, +1842, page 16, and by Prof. Koelbing in his _Englische Studien_, vii. +195. The only edition of this romance that we have hitherto had was done +by Halliwell. As he had, besides his own transcript, another copy made +by Madden, his text is a pretty accurate one, and therefore the results +of Prof. Koelbing’s collation, printed in his _Englische Studien_, vii. +344 ff., concern, for the most part, things of little importance, except +one very curious passage, l. 88, where Halliwell renders the quite +correct reading of the MS., _p la more de dewe_ = _par l’amour de dieu_, +by _Pericula more bedew[n]e_. Also, from l. 1720, the counting of the +lines is wrong by 100 lines. + +A few short fragments of a printed edition were found by Halliwell in +the Douce Collection, Bodleian Library, Oxford, and added to his work as +an Appendix. They contain the following passages of the MS.: + + Fragment III. = lines 462-489. + „ II. = „ 492-520. + „ VI. = „ 820-851. + „ V. = „ 917-948. + „ IV. = „ 949-970. + „ I. = „ 1807-1866. + +A seventh fragment, of which not much more than the rhyming words are +preserved, was omitted by Halliwell, and was printed for the first time +in Prof. Koelbing’s collation. + +This Chetham MS. contains the romance in a very debased and corrupt +form, so that the original reading in many passages can hardly be +recognized.[1] The scribe, who copied the poem from an older MS., lived +(no doubt) at a far later period than the poet; he did not therefore +understand a great many old expressions, and these he used to supplant +by words of his own; he also transposed and even omitted many lines, and +spoiled the rhyme, because he had not the slightest idea of the nature +of the stanza in which the poem is composed. Halliwell did not trouble +himself about the restoration of the true readings; he merely reproduced +the traditional text, even where it would have been very easy to do +more, though many passages are hopelessly corrupt; still worse is the +fact, that he did not recognize the metre as the tail-rhymed twelve-line +stanza, for he prints six-line stanzas. + + [Footnote 1: Halliwell says, Preface v f.: ‘It is very incorrectly + written, and the copy of the romance of Torrent of Portugal, which + occupies 88 pages of the book, contains so many obvious blunders + and omissions, that it may be conjectured with great probability + to have been written down from oral recitation.’] + +In consequence, the whole of the philological work on the text had still +to be done, and a new edition was plainly necessary; the more that this +poem, though not written in the best period of romance poetry, treats of +a legendary subject widely spread in the Middle Ages, and is nearly +related to another poem, _Syr Eglamour of Artois_. + + +§ 2. METRE AND VERSIFICATION. + +As I mentioned before, the romance of _Sir Torrent_ is composed in the +well-known tail-rhymed twelve-line stanza, and belongs to that class of +it in which the first and the second couplets have different +rhyme-sounds (cf. Koelbing, _Amis and Amiloun_, p. xiv ff.). Only the +incompleteness of many stanzas, and the many defects in reference to the +rhyme, can excuse Halliwell for not apprehending the character of the +metre. As to the structure of the eight lines of the four couplets, each +contains (or at least ought to contain) four accents, the _caudæ_ three; +but as we, unfortunately, possess only one MS., a conclusive statement +on this point is impossible. There is no doubt about the fact that +neither the really incorrect rhymes nor the wanting of them can be due +to the author of the poem: even when romance poetry was decaying, the +poets were fairly perfect rhymers: with all deficiencies in this +department, the copyists are to be charged. + +_Consonant_ rhymes (s. _Schipper Altengl. Metrik_, p. 299) are found +in _Torrent_ in the following passages: l. 141 _rode--rode_ ags. +_rôd--râd_. 450 _the--the_ ags. _þeón--þe_. 1558 _indede--dede_. 2205 +_lay--lay_, _sg.--plr. prt._ + +_Identical_ rhymes are frequent, especially in the _caudæ_: 81 +_stond--stond_. 177 _there--there_. 500 _he--hee_. 1887 _there--there_. +2538 _blithe--blithe_. 39 _take--take_. 342 _bold--bold_, a. s. o. + +_Assonances_: 195 _bon~--Rome_. 518 _undyrstond--strong_. 537 +_name--alone_. 699 _yod--fotte_. 758 _name--tane_. 896 _bryng--wynd_. +1257 _overcom~--Aragon~_. 1768 _man~--cam~_. 2164 _anon~--fome_. 2544 +_sithe--hide_. + +Besides the rhymes we find abundant alliteration, as in most of the +Middle English Romances. On alliteration, cf. Regel, Die alliteration in +Laȝamon, _Germ. Stud._ I. 171; F. Lindner, The alliteration in Chaucer’s +Canterbury Tales, _Essays on Chaucer_, Pt. III., p. 197 ff. Koelbing, +_Sir Tristrem_, p. xxxvii, and _Amis and Amiloun_, p. lxvi. Lindner as +well as Koelbing has adopted Regel’s classification, and so shall I. The +most frequent is two alliterative words in one verse; they can be +classed in the following way:-- + +I. A. The same word is repeated in two succeeding lines; v. 456 f.: +_Forthe sche browght a {whyt} sted, As {whyt} as the flowyr in~ med_; +v. 618 f.: _In IV {quarters} he hym drowe, And euery {quarter} vppon a +bowe_. v. 2026 f.: _But ran into a {wilde}rnes Amongist beests that +{wyld} wes_. v. 2465 f.: _They axid {hors} and armes bryght, to +{hors}bak went thay in ffere_. + +B. _Alliterative combinations, one part of which is a proper name._ +_Torrent_ is several times combined with the verb _take_; 26: _Towarde +hym he {t}akythe {T}orrayne_; 224: _{T}orrent thether {t}oke the way_; +519: _{T}orrent {t}oke a dulful wey_; 2269: _Whan sir {T}orent was +{t}akyn~ than~_; 91: _Now, be my {t}rowthe, seyd {T}orent than~_; 1161: +_Alas, said {D}esoneƚƚ the {d}ere_; 2523: _As was {d}ame {D}esoneƚƚ_; +1906 = 1946 = 1969: _{M}ary {m}yld. To {s}end unto her {S}athanas._ +v. 1091: _The {c}asteƚƚ of {C}ardon~._ + +II. A. _Words of the same root are alliterative._ 133: _Torrent, on +{kne} {kne}lyd he_; 671: _That on hys {kne} he {kne}ld_; 2502: _And +{kne}lid on her {kne}_; 205: _Torrent {kne}lyd on hys {kne}_ = v. 528; +881: _And {kne}lyd vppon ys {kne}_; 1883: _She {kne}lid down~ vppon~ her +{kne}_; 2563: _Down~ they {kne}lid on~ her {kne}_; 512: _By {d}ymmynge +of the {da}y_; 1158: _For her love {d}id I never no {d}ede_; 1801: _That +ylke {d}ede, that she hath {d}one_; 1943: _How she {fl}ew in a +{ffl}ight_; 2384: _{Liffe} and {lyv}elode, whiƚƚ I {lyve}_; 233: +_A {lyon~} & a {lyon}asse_; 1671: _For to {se} that {s}elly {s}ight_; +407: _For the {t}alles thou hast me {t}old_; 1466: _And fals {t}alis +hym~ {t}old_; 2578: _Euer we {wiƚƚ} be at youre {wiƚƚ}_. + +B. Relations in which alliterative words stand to each other according +to their meaning. + +_a._ Concrete ideas are joined together because they belong to the same +sphere of life. 2017: _{B}yrdus and {b}estis, aye woo ye be_; 113: +_{b}one and {b}lod_; 21: _{k}yng and {k}nyght_; 83: _And ryche +{c}astelles in that {c}ontre_; 251: _In lond with a {f}yndes {f}ere_; +102: _That {f}yndes {f}are for aye_; 1094: _Both at {k}nyght and +{k}nave_; 584: _Bothe in~ {f}rethe and in {f}eld_; 660: _Stomlyng +thurrow {f}rythe and {f}en~_; 1378: _Both be {h}old and be {h}yƚƚ_; +2398: _{l}ym~ and {l}ith_; 750: _{L}ytyƚƚ and {m}ykyƚƚ, {l}ese and +{m}ore_; 1899: _That was {l}ord of aƚƚ that {l}ond_; 2152: _Loo, +{l}ordys of euery {l}ond_; 2375: _With aƚƚ {m}aner of {m}ynstralsye_; +149: _He reynyd hys {st}ed vnto a {st}ake_; 1065: _{W}aytes on the +{w}aƚƚ gan blowe_; 13: _{w}ater and {w}ynde_. + +_b._ In the same way abstract ideas are connected, so far as they belong +to the same sphere of life. 460: _That {d}ethe ys {d}ynt schalt þou not +thole_; 1600: _Of {d}eth yaue he no {d}out_; 782 = 2062: _{f}eyer and +{f}re_; 2153: _{F}alshode wyƚƚ haue a {f}oule end_; 1988: _{H}elpe and +{h}old I shaƚƚ hym yeve_; 1492: _They {s}at and {s}ong_; 683: _Cryst hym +{s}aue and {s}ee_; 1303: _That he was {s}ad and {s}ore_; 1612: _set +{s}adly and {s}ore_; 335: _God that {s}ofryd wonddes {s}ore_; 322: +_{st}yff and {st}rong_ = 1491 = 2590; 1205: _That {w}ekyd was and +{w}ight_; 1584: _{w}ekyd and {w}ight_; 1849: _Her one child {w}oke and +be-gan to {w}epe_; 1559: _And {w}ot ye {w}eƚƚ and not {w}ene_; 246: +_Sche {w}eppte_, _as sche were {w}od_. + +C. The grammatical relations in which the alliterative words stand to +each other. + +_a._ Subst. and adj. in attributive or predicative combinations. _As +{b}old as eny {b}ore_; _With {br}owes {br}od and wyde_; 142: _hys +{b}ugeƚƚ {b}old_; 307: _In a {d}ongon~ that ys {d}ym_; 82: _My {f}ayer~ +{f}orestes {f}ellythe downe he_; 209: _The {f}eyer~ {f}yld_; 426: +_{gl}emyrryng ase the {gl}ase_; 1592: _{g}ood {g}ate_; 171 = 596: _the +{h}oltes {h}ore_; 1484: _To an {h}ye {h}yƚƚ_; 1183: _{s}ydes {s}are_; +154: _Thowe the {w}ey nevyr so {w}ykkyd were_; 2054: _{w}ekyd {w}eders_; +506: _In the {w}yld-some {w}ay_; 535: _{W}yldsom {w}eyes haue I {w}ent_; +2030: _She {w}ent on that {w}ilsom~ {w}ay_. + +_b._ Verbs or adjectives combined with the adverb or substantive which +contains their secondary adverbial meaning. 1478: _To {b}e here at his +{b}ane_, cf. 1678: _That there his {b}ane hath {b}e_; 1944: _To her +{b}irdus was she {b}oun~_; 2016: _With {b}lis on euery {b}owȝe_; 135: +_That {b}owght hym with hys {b}lod_; 1045: _Thurrow the {b}ody he gan +hym {b}ere_; 1404: _To the {b}ote they {b}are_; 334: _Thus he {c}ovyrd +owt of {c}are_; 27: _That {d}owghtty ys in {d}edde_, cf. 1725; 98: +_With-owt {f}ere that he schold {f}are_; 603 = 977: _Also {f}ast ase he +myght {f}are_; 536: _With {f}yndes for to {f}yght_; 802: _To {f}yght +with that {f}yndes {f}ere_; 1262: _That was {gr}ow both {gr}ene and +{g}ay_; 1060 = 2330: _Torent be the {h}ond he {h}ent_; 270: _That +{m}eche ys of {m}yght_; 713: _That {m}eche wase of {m}yght_; 24: _For +God ys {m}ost of {m}yght_, cf. 1112: _To a {m}an off {m}yght_; 1879: _Vp +she {r}ose ageyn~ the {r}ough_; 2100: _Go {s}ech her in~ the {s}ee_; +2129: _And {s}ett hym~ oute in to the {s}ee_; 2469: _That {s}emely to +{s}e were_; 126: _And {s}ymly was to {s}ene_; 415: _That dare I +{s}othely {s}ey_; 1170: _Torrent {s}ett on hym~ so {s}ore_; 139: +_Serttes, yf I hym {sl}epyng {sl}one_; 181: _Torrent vndyr hys {sp}ryt +he {sp}rent_; 179: _But {st}ond {st}yƚƚ_; 2410: _He is so {st}iff at +euery {st}oure_; 987: _Torrent in~ the {st}orrope {st}od_; 1912: _For no +{st}roke wold she {st}ynt_; 2060: _By a {t}okyn~ I shaƚƚ the {t}eƚƚ_; +2397: _Or {w}alkyd in {w}ede_; 383: _In hys {w}alke ther ase he {w}ent_; +725: _And {w}ent forthe on hys {w}ey_; 107: _And on hys {w}ey gan he +{w}ynd_; 2030: _She {w}ent on that {w}ilsom~ {w}ay_; 989: _ale {w}yld at +{w}yle_; 2088: _In no {w}ise he {w}old_; 1206: _To {w}ed her to my +{w}yffe_; 749: _That {w}yt ys vndyr {w}ede_; 1315: _Aƚƚ men {w}onderid +on that {w}ight_; 33: _{w}orthyest in {w}ede_. + +_c._ Substantives and verbs are combined in the relation of subject and +predicate. 2221: _Down {kn}elid that {kn}yght_; 854: _Whether the {f}ynd +can {f}yght_; 2390: _There that his {l}ady {l}ent_; 2064: _My {l}ove was +on the {l}ent_; 1219: _Gret {l}ordys to churche her {l}ed_; 170: _The +fyndes {sp}ere {sp}arrythe hyme nothyng_; 84: _No {st}on lettythe he +{st}ond_. + +_d._ Verbs and substantives are combined as predicate and object. 2490: +_his {b}ak to {b}end_; 2532: _That {c}outh moche {c}urtesye_; 273: _Thy +{d}ethe than wyƚƚ he {d}yght_, cf. 1043: _Hys {d}ethe to hyme ys +{d}yght_; 1648: _Thy {d}eth now is {d}ight_; 2123: _What {d}eth they +wold hym {d}o_; 161: _My lordes {f}rethe thus to {f}eƚƚ_; 2235: _{F}ound +hym his {fi}ƚƚ off {ffy}ght_; 1743: _The {ff}orward ye to +{f}ulleffylle_; 651: _He {g}athyred svm of hys {g}ere_; 210: _Vpp both +his {h}andes he {h}eld_; 1799: _For Iesu is love, that {h}arood {h}eƚƚ_; +1820: _Whan they {l}ed that {l}ady ffre_; 2080: _{L}eve we now that +{l}ady gent_; 1663: _Ech on other {l}aid good {l}ode_; 1495: _To god +that {m}ade {m}an_; 435: _A gret {m}aynerey let he {m}ake ryght_; 264: +_To hym sche {m}ad here {m}one_; 645: _He {r}awght Torrent soche a +{r}owght_; 1172: _And aƚƚ to {sh}everd his {sh}eld_; 502: _Tho he be +{st}rod anoble {st}ede_; 2482: _Torent be {str}ode a stede {str}ong_; +281: _I schaƚƚ the {t}eƚƚ soche a {t}okyn~_; 2013: _Ne {w}anted she no +{w}oo_; 115: _He that schaƚƚ {w}end soche a {w}ey_; 439: _Hom-ward to +{w}end ther {w}ey_; 2448: _And than~ to {w}end her {w}ay_; 2457: _And to +her logyng {w}ent her {w}ay_; 1544: _Other {w}ayes yf I {w}end_; 207: +_That hathe thys {w}orld to {w}yld_. + + +§ 3. THE DIALECT. + +The stanza of twelve lines was probably first employed in the north of +England; at least it would be difficult to prove the existence of a poem +composed in this metre in the southern part of the country; therefore it +is beforehand probable that the romance of _Torrent_ was composed either +in some part of the Midlands or in the North. In order to determine the +dialect more precisely, we restrict ourselves to a careful consideration +of the rhymes. + +1. SHORT VOWELS. + +Old English _ă_ is (1) preserved before _n_ and _m_: 744 and 788 _Iame +-- +name+_. 927 _Adryan -- +jentylmane+_. 13 _+londe+ -- +wonande+_. 352 +_+stond+ -- +lygand+_. 1128 _+stond+ -- +shynand+_. No part. pres. +on-_ond_ rhyming with an unvariable _-ond_ has been traced out until +now, but 1824 _+wepand+ -- wonde_ (ags. _wunden_) seems to be the first. +2. Changed into _o_. 516 _rome -- +frome+_ ags. _rûm -- fram_. 2446 +_+mon~+ -- done_. 1190 _none -- shone -- +anon+ -- done_. 1257 +_+ouercom+ -- Aragon~_. 1989 _son -- +can+_ (= _+con+_). 2040 _+anon~+ +-- bone_. A curious exception is 1929 _+grame+ (= greme) -- teme -- +Ierusalem_; cf. _Gaw._ l. 312. + +O.E. _e_, the _i_-umlaut of _a_, is preserved: 373 _end -- +wend+_. 476 +_+went+ -- jent_. 924 _teƚƚ -- +hell+_. 1702 _+hell+ -- Desoneƚƚe_. 1798 +_feƚƚ -- +heƚƚ+_. The past partic. of _seón_, _segen_, has been +contracted into _sen_. 1562 _+sene+ -- wene_. + +O.E. _æ_ has become _a_: 45 _+spake+ -- take_. 363 _ffare -- +bare+_. +726 and 876 _+sale+ -- Portynggaƚƚe_. 1074 _passe -- +was+_. 1131 +_+sale+ -- tale_. 1233 _+thare+ -- fare_. 1236 _+was+ -- Sathanas_. 1399 +_care -- +thare+_. 2287 _+was+ -- alas_. + +_æ_ has become _e_: 2026 _wildernes -- +was+_. 764 _derre -- clere -- ++ware+_ (ags. _wær_). 1951 _+there+ -- bere_. 328 _+glad+_ (= _gled_) -- +_redd_. + +_æ_ has become _ay_ by the vocalization of the following _g_: 25 +_+fayne+ -- Torrayne_. 1025 _+may+ -- +day+_, _+wey+ -- +laye+_. 1071 +_+say+ -- +day+_. 2029 _+day+ -- +way+_. + +O.E. _ea_ becomes _o_ before _ld_: 303 _+hold+ -- +bold+_, _fold_ (ags. +_folde_) -- _+cold+_. 422 _gold -- mold, +hold+ -- +told+_. + +_ea_ has become _a_: 399 _Portyngaƚƚ -- +bale+_ (ags. _bealu_). 531 +_+care+ -- far~_ (ags. _cearu_). 1891 _ffare -- +care+_. + +_ea_ has become _e_: 1166 _beheld -- feld -- sheld -- +weld+_ (ags. +_wealdan_). 2359 _preste -- +breste+_ (ags. _bearst_). + +O.E. _eo_ has turned into _e_: 1166 _+beheld+ -- ffeld -- sheld -- +weld_. + +O.E. _ĭ_ is preserved as _i_ and _y_: 51 _+knyght+ -- +nyght+_. 307 +_+dym+ -- +hym+_. 1783 _+myld+ -- +child+_. Only once this vowel has +changed into _e_: 714 _+wret+ -- get_. _i_ rhymes with _e_: 3 _wynde -- +ende -- lende -- ffynde_. + +O.E. _ŏ_ is unaltered: 422 _+gold+ -- +mold+_. 1122 _+gold+ -- +mold+_. + +O.E. _ŭ_ has become _o_: 367 _+dore+_ (ags. _duru_) -- _befor~_. 765 +_Aragon~ -- +son~+_. 1257 _+ouer com+ -- Aragon~_. 1762 _+com~+ -- +kyngdome_. 1801 _done -- +sonne+_ (ags. _sunu_). 2320 _+sonne+ -- +dungeon_. + +O.E. _y̆_, the _i_-umlaut of _ŭ_, has the value of _i_, written _i_ or +_y_: 390 _+kysse+ -- iwysse_. 1564 _tiƚƚ -- +fullefyƚƚ+_, _yƚƚ -- wyƚƚ_. +1740 _evyƚƚ -- +fulle fylle+_. Only once it rhymes with _e_: 1484 +_+hyƚƚ+_ (= _+heƚƚ+_) -- _yeƚƚ -- befeƚƚ -- weƚƚ_, never with _u_. + + +2. LONG VOWELS. + +O.E. _â_ is preserved in the following rhymes:[2] _a._ 39 _take -- ++stroke+_ (= _strake_, ags. _strâc_), _spake -- take_. 97 _+sore+ -- +fare_. 103 _+goos+ -- +takythe+_ (= _gas -- tas_). 280 _wakyn~ -- ++tokyn+~_ (ags. _tâcen_). 334 _care -- +sore+_. 590 _fare -- wher_, +_+hore+ -- care_. 705 _fare -- +gere+_ (ags. _gâr_). 788 _Iame -- name_, +_+bone+ -- schame_. 834 _+ga+ -- ma_. 977 _fare -- bare_, _+sare+ -- +chaffare_. 1143 _glade -- +rade+_. 1238 _Cate -- gate_, _bad -- +wott+_ +(ags. _wât_). 1251 _+brod+ -- made_; cf. 1303, 1306, 1501, 1526, 1604, +1612, 1663, 1669, 1825, 1911, 2178, 2356, 2617. + + [Footnote 2: The rhymes with _tane_ and with _John_ are not + quoted, as these words occur also as _tone_ and _Johan_; they are, + therefore, of no use in fixing the sound of the _â_.] + +_b._ O.E. _â_ has changed into _o_: 16 _sone_ (ags. _sunu_) -- _+gon+_. +141 _rode -- +rode+_ (ags. _rôd -- râd_). 195 _+bon+_ (ags. _bân_) -- +_Rome_. 238 _+wote+_ (ags. _wât_) -- _fote_. 654 _browȝ -- +goo+_. 1062 +_+tho+ -- do_. Cf. 1196, 1226, 1295, 1381, 1809, 1812, 1815, 2013, 2025, +2028, 2037, 2046, 2295, 2298, 2301, 2542. The result is, that in 26 +cases old _â_ is preserved, in 22 cases changed into _ô_. + +O.E. _æ̂_ is turned into (1) _a_: 154 _+were+ -- fare_. 603 _fare -- ++were+_. 1020 _+were+ -- fare_. 2074 _care -- +ware+_. + +Into (2) _e_. 379 _+dede+_ (ags. _dæ̂d_) -- _hed_. 1047 _+were+ -- +chere_. 1053 _sped -- +lede+_ (ags. _læ̂dan_). 1263 _stede -- +wede+_ +(ags. _wæ̂d_). + +Into (3) _o_. 1113 _+mone+_ (ags. _mæ̂nan_) -- _Aragon_. 1384 _beffore +-- there -- +were+_. + +O.E. _ô_ is preserved throughout: 73 _+wode+ -- +good+_. 112 _+rode+ -- ++blod+_. 118 _Rome -- +kyrstendome+_. 313 _+done+ -- +sone+_. + +Before _g_ the vowel _u_ resp. _w_ is inserted: 145 _+browght+ -- +nowght_. 279 _+browght+ -- +thowght+_. 2053 _+sought+ -- +brought+_. + +O.E. _ê_ is preserved: 123 _+kene+ -- sene_. 743 _dede -- +sped+, wede_. +1849 _+wepe+ -- slepe_. 2055 _grene -- +kene+_. 2458 _be dene -- ++wene+_. + +O.E. _î_ is preserved as _y_: 196 _+tyd+ -- +syd+_. 325 _+fyve+ -- ++lyve+_. 777 _+wyse+ -- deuyce_. 900 _+ryde+ -- +syde+_. + +O.E. _û_ is written _ou_ resp. _ow_ in the French way: 921 _renowne -- ++towyn~+_. 978 _+downe+ -- renowne_. 1425 _+nowe+ -- rowe_. 2634 +_+mouth+ -- +couth+_. It has become _o_: 516 _+rome+ -- frome_ (ags. +_rûm -- from_). Cf. 2641 _renown -- +son+_. + +O.E. _eá_ has become _e_: 1929 _grame -- +streme+, Jerusalem_. 2554 +_Jerusalem~ -- +streme+_ (ags. _streám_). + +O.E. _eó_ has changed into _e_: 153 _+be+ -- hee_: 782 _+fre+ -- he_. +888 _+tre+ -- crystyanté_. 1643 _+be+ -- charité_. 1861 _+ffree+ -- +cité_. + +O.E. _ŷ_ remains _y_: 1361 _pride -- +bedsyde+_. 1433 _pryde -- +ryde+_. +1473 _+wyde+ -- pride_. _ŷ_ or _ê_, the _i_-umlaut of _eá_ or _e_, is +found as _e_: 63 _were -- +here+_ (ags. _hŷran_). 235 _+here+ -- were_. +327 _sted -- yed, +nede+ -- sped_. 408 _yede -- +ned+_. 1552 _stede -- ++nede+, indede_. + + +3. THE INFLEXIONS. + +The plural of the substantives terminates in (1) _s_ resp. _ys_: 837 +_+ryghtys+ -- knyghtes_. 1298 _+stonys+ -- nonys_. + +(2) in _n_: 458 _+slon+ -- appon_. 1116 _done -- +shone+_. 1193 _+shone+ +-- anon, done_. + +(3) is formed by _i_-umlaut: _+men+_ 1784, 2282, but 2197 _wan -- +men+_ +(= _man_). + +(4) has no inflexion: 651 _+gere+ -- +spere+_. 705 _far -- +gere+_. 836 +_hend -- +frende+_, _sende_. 1173 _ffere -- +yere+_. 1405 _hend -- ++frend+_. 1556 _+stone+ -- gone_. 2188 _were -- +yere+_. 2194 _here -- ++yere+_. The inflexions of the adjectives have totally disappeared. + +The _infinitive_ ends in _-ne_ or _n_, or has no termination at all. +(1) with _n_: 123 _kene -- see_ (= _+sene+_). 217 _ageyne -- +sayne+_. +262 _fayne -- +slayne+_. 489 _Mavdeleyn -- +seyne+_; 16 _sone -- +gon+_. + +(2) without _n_: 67 _sake -- +take+_. 93 _kynd -- +fynd+_. 148 _+wake+ +-- stake_. 184 _so -- +goo+_. 434 _Adolake -- +take+_. 1062 _tho -- ++do+_. 1762 _me -- +se+_. + +The 2nd person sing. of the pres. ind. occurs only once in the rhyme, +1333 _tase -- +thou hase+, tas -- gas_. + +The 3rd person sing. of the present indicative ends in _s_: 187 +_+tellys+ -- ellys_. 2317 _rose -- +gose+_. 558 _+tellythe+ -- elles_ +(The rhyme shows that _+tellys+_ must be inserted; cf. 103 _gos -- +takythe_, and 858 _gothe -- toke_ = _+gas+ -- +tas+_.) Only once _th_ +occurs: 2047 _Nazareth -- +gethe+_ (ags. _gæð_). On this remarkable form +see Zupitza, _Guy of Warwick_, note on l. 11075. The plural has no +termination: 3 _+wynde+ -- ende -- lende_. + +The _subjunctive_ mood has no inflexions: 70 _+sped+ -- stede_, 3rd +pers. 87 _+blynd+ -- wynde_, 3rd pers. 213 _fyld -- +schyld+_, 3rd pers. +416 _sey -- +may+_, 2nd pers. sg. 584 _feld -- +schyld+_, 3rd pers. sg. +1978 _+saue+ -- haue_; but observe 139 _+slone+ -- none_ and 1839 +_+sene+ -- grene_. + +The _present participle_ ends usually in _-ande_ (_onde_): 13 _londe -- ++wonande+_. 127 _fonde -- +growonde+_. 315 _+levand+ -- bond_. 352 +_stand -- +lygand+_. 358 _vndyrstond -- +levand+_. 1128 _stond -- ++shynand+_. 1280 _+fayland+ -- lond_. 1445 _+fleand+ -- waraunt_. 1452 +_ffand -- +goand+_. 1821 _lond -- +wepand+_. 1899 _lond -- +pleyand+_. +2104 _hond -- +levand+_. Thrice _-yng_ is found: 268 _kyng -- ++dwellyng+_, 1638 and 2568. + +The _gerund_ terminates always in _ing_ (_yng_): 1479 _kyng -- ++ryding+_. 1503 _+comyng+ -- kyng_. 1933 _ryng -- +lettyng+_. 2509 _kyng +-- +lesyng+_. + +Observe the 2nd pers. sing. of a past tense, 1589 _+thou cam~+ -- +slan~_, of a praeterito-praesens, 410 _they -- sey, +thow may+_. 1543 +_away -- aye, +may+_. 2001 _+may+ -- welaway_. + +The _past participle_ of strong verbs terminates in _n_: 482 _+syne+ -- +schene, wene -- clene_. 675 _+slayne+ -- rayne_. 800 _+slayne+ -- +trayne_. 1292 _fayn~ -- +slayn~+_. 1562 _+sene+ -- wene_. 2323 _alone -- ++slone+_. We don’t find one certain instance for the dropping of this +_n_, besides 1678 and 2063 _be_. + +The _past tense plural_ of strong verbs has the same vowel as the +singular: 1452 They _+ffound+_ (r. _ffand_) -- _goand_. 1458 _+began+ -- +gentilman_. 1753 _tong -- +dong+_. + +The 3rd pers. of the present indic. of _to be_ = _ys_ or _es_: cf. 738 +_blyse -- +ys+_. 2413 _+ys+ -- Raynes_. Once _+ys+_ is found as plural: +2524 _+ys+ -- iwys_. The _present subjunctive_ is _be_ through all +persons: 208 _+be+ -- me_, 2nd pers. 614 _+be+ -- se_, 3rd pers. 884 +_the -- +bee+_, 3rd pers. 2017 _+be+ -- me_, 2nd pers. plr. The +infinitive _+be+_ and _bene_: 49 _the -- +bee+_. 483 _+be+ -- see_. 1643 +_+be+ -- charite_. 903 _the -- +bee+_. 1833 _clene -- +bene+_. 2161 +_quene -- +bene+_. 2613 _+bene+ -- kene_. The _past tense singular +number_ is _was_ or _wes_: 247 _alas -- +wase+_. 426 _glase -- +was+_. +771 _pase -- +wase+_. 1873 _wyldernes -- +was+_ (= _wes_). The plural +_were_, _ware_, _wore_, as well as _was_, _wes_: (1) l. 402 _+wer~+ -- +cher_. 1047 _+were+ -- chere_. 1845 _+were+ -- ffere_. 2586 _squiere -- ++were+, here -- clere_. (2) 603 _fare -- +were+_. 2494 _+ware+ -- bare_. +1384 _beffore -- there, +were+_ (= _wore_). (3) 384 _pase -- +wase+_. +1388 _passe -- +was+_. (4) 2026 _wildernes -- +was+_ (= _wes_). 2545 +_wildernes -- +was+_; cf. l. 2584. The subjunctive mood of the past +tense is _were_ and _ware_, in sgl. and plr.: 225 _+were+ -- clere_. 235 +_here -- +were+_. 1696 _chere -- +were+_. 2476 _+were+ -- bere_. 154 +_+were+_ (= _ware_) -- _fare_. 1020 _+wer+_ (= _ware_) -- _fare_. 2074 +_care -- +ware+_. The past participle: 7 _bedene -- +ben+_. 172 _+byne+ +-- seyn_. 2344 _+ibene+ -- kene_. 1678 _+be+ -- crystiaunte_. + +From this inquiry into the sounds and inflexions, the following +conclusions can be drawn: + +The development of _ă_ is of no use in fixing the dialect. Nor is _ea_, +which has become _a_, _o_, and _e_, to be deemed a characteristic either +of the Midland or Northern dialect. Ags. _ea_ occurs as _o_ as early as +1250 in the _Northumbrian Psalter_, and 50 years afterwards in _Sir +Tristrem_ and _Sir Perceval_; even Richard Rolle in his _Pricke of +Conscience_ offers one instance of this change (cf. _Sir Tristrem_, +p. lxix f.). + +The development of the ags. _â_, which we find in 26 passages as _a_, in +22 as _o_, is remarkable. There are only a very few instances of this +change in _Sir Tristrem_, p. lxxi, and in the _Psalter_; and this almost +equal number of _a_- and _o_-rhymes proves evidently that the poem +cannot belong to a Northern country. At the same time, a proportion like +that would be impossible in a text of Southern origin. The same negative +result is to be derived from the fact that Ags. _y_ is always +written _y_. + +As to the inflexions, the plurals of the substantives are formed by +adding _-s_ or _-n_ (_en_), or by vowel change, or they have no +inflexions at all. As for the inflexion _-n_, it only occurs in _slon_ +and _shon_, and of this very word the plural in _n_ is to be met with +even in Northern writers. + +The infinitives both preserve or drop the final _n_, as is the rule with +the Midland dialect; the form of the past participle with _n_ accords +with the use of the Northern writers. + +The present partic. ending in _-and_ and the past tense plurals of +strong verbs having adopted the vowel of the singular, agree with the +North as well as with the northern districts of the Midland, in the same +way as some forms of _to be_: plr. prs. _ys_ and plr. prt. _was_, +besides the usual forms _be_ and _are_, resp. _were_ and _ware_, and the +contracted forms of _take_: 758 _name -- +tane+_. 1095 _gane -- ++itane+_. 1825 _+ta+ -- twa_ (cf. 231, 286, 859, 1333, 1475, 1722, 1733, +2617). + +The forms _thou has_ and _thou may_ point to the West. + +The inflexions of the 3rd pers. prs. sg. are _-th_ and _-s_. In the +western part of the Midland we never meet with the ending _th_, but only +with _s_. In _Amis and Amiloun_, the Eastern origin of which seems to be +sure, only the inflexion _-eþ_ is found in the rhyme (_Amis_, +p. xxx ff.). + +The romance of _Sir Torrent_ seems to be the first document hitherto +considered where both these forms occur, one by the side of the other. +Perhaps this fact justifies us in concluding that this poem was composed +in the east, but on the borders of the west, Midland. + + +§ 4. THE CONTENTS OF THE ROMANCE. + +Before entering on an inquiry into the sources of the romance, it may be +expedient to give a short account of its contents. + + In Portugal once reigned a mighty king, whose name was Calamond. + He had an only daughter, the fair and gentle Desonelle, who was + loved by a young knight called Torrent, son of a Portuguese count. + As he could not win her, save by distinguishing himself by valiant + exploits, he undertook several adventurous expeditions. First he + set out, by the order of the king, against a mischievous and + dangerous giant, whom he found lying fast asleep on a hill. He + roused the giant by sounding his bugle, and challenged him to + fight. Instantly a fierce combat ensued, in which the awkward + giant lost his life. In the giant’s castle the young hero + delivered a maiden, Eleonore, daughter of the king of Gales, from + captivity, and rescued at the same time four princes, whom the + giant had taken some time before and imprisoned in an iron cage. + + After a short rest Torrent returned into Portugal. He was kindly + received by King Calamond, and splendid festivities were + celebrated in his honour. The kings of Gales and of Provence + showed their gratitude by bestowing on him rich presents, among + them a precious sword wrought by Wayland Smith. Desonelle gave him + one of her fine palfreys. Calamond, however, shrewd as he was, and + envious of the hero’s fame, plotted his ruin. He caused him, by a + counterfeit letter of Desonelle, to catch her a falcon in the + forest of Maudlen, which was the haunt of a dangerous giant, + Rochense, and of many wild beasts. Torrent and his squire set out + immediately, but separated on entering the forest, to hunt in the + thicket each by himself. Torrent soon encountered a huge dragon, + and killed it by vehement strokes. The squire, having meanwhile + fallen in with the giant, had been slain by him. The hero, called + to the place by the tumult of battle, attacked the giant, and + overcame him after a hard struggle. He cut off his head to bear + with him as a trophy. He then went into the giant’s castle, where + he found a great many jewels, and a bright sword called + Mownpolyard. Having returned to the royal court, he ordered five + priests to say masses for his squire’s soul. At this very time it + happened that the king of Arragon sent messengers to the king of + Portugal, in order to bring about a marriage between Desonelle and + his youngest son. Calamond would not listen to the advice of his + spouse, that he should no longer refuse Desonelle to Torrent, but + he promised her to the prince of Arragon, and at the same time + sent the hero once more against a giant, Slogus of Foulles in + Calabre. + + Torrent departed well armed, and after a prosperous voyage arrived + in Calabre. There he soon met the giant, who was one-eyed like the + Cyclops, and bore a huge cudgel as his only weapon. Torrent threw + his spear into the fiend’s eye, and thus overcame him without any + long struggle. The king of Calabre graciously welcomed the hero, + and largely rewarded him for the service he had rendered his + country. Having returned into Portugal, Torrent heard that in a + few weeks Desonelle was to be married to the prince of Arragon. + Arrayed in knightly dress, he rode right off to Calamond’s court, + and challenged his rival to fight. After a short struggle he + completely vanquished his antagonist, stretching him on the + ground. The next day, as the king, surrounded by his noble guests, + banqueted in the great hall of the castle, Torrent entered with + the giant’s head in his hand, and harshly demanded the king’s + daughter; he called all the lords to witness of Calamond’s + perfidy. + + The Emperor of Rome now interceded, and it was agreed at his + suggestion that Torrent should fight once more against a giant + named Cate; if he vanquished that adversary, he should obtain + Desonelle and half Arragon. On an isle near the sea-shore the + struggle began in presence of the assembled knights. Torrent + struck the club out of the giant’s hand, put him to flight, and + killed him as he ran away, casting stones at him. Then the Emperor + decided, with the approbation of all his knights, that the hero + had won both the land and the maiden. + + Torrent obtained Desonelle, and rejoiced in the possession of her, + but no solemn marriage was performed. + + Twelve weeks after, he left his spouse, impelled by his venturous + and ambitious mind; for the king of Norway asked him to fight + against a wild giant who had carried off his daughter and was + destroying his castles. Torrent bade his mistress farewell, + leaving her two golden rings as talismans, and set off with fifty + companions. Arrived at the coast of Norway, he and his companions + entered a dense forest, in which a great many wild beasts lived. + His companions, seized with fear, parted from him, and continued + their voyage at sea. They told the king of Norway the false tale + that Torrent had perished on shore. The king then set out himself + to rescue his daughter. Torrent meanwhile encountered a giant + named Weraunt, Cate’s brother, and slew him in a hard struggle, + but was himself wounded. In the giant’s castle he saved Gendres, + daughter of the Norwegian king, and conducted her to her father. + On the road they were met by a large train of gallant knights, and + were then convoyed in triumph to the king’s court. There Torrent + soon recovered from his wounds, and was amply rewarded with + honours and presents. He stayed above twelve months at the + Norwegian court. The false companions of Torrent were drowned in + the sea by the king’s command, but one squire escaped to Portugal, + and reported the tidings that Torrent yet remained in Norway. Soon + after, as Desonelle was delivered of twins, the hatred of Calamond + suddenly broke out against her. By his order, Desonelle and her + two children were put to sea in a small boat; but a favourable + wind saved them from ruin, and drove the boat upon the coast of + Palestine. As she, helpless, wandered about the downs, a huge + dragon (griffin or gripe) appeared, and seized one of her + children, and immediately after a wild leopard dragged away the + other. With submission she suffered her miserable fate, relying on + the help of the Holy Virgin. + + The king of Jerusalem, just returning from a voyage, happened to + find the leopard with the child, which he ordered to be saved and + delivered to him. Seeing from the foundling’s golden ring that the + child was of noble descent, and pitying its helpless state, he + took it into his palace, and brought him up as his own son (as it + were) at his court. The child was named Leobertus. + + The dragon or gripe with the other child was seen by a pious + hermit, St. Antony, who, though son of the king of Greece, had in + his youth forsaken the world. Through his prayer St. Mary made the + dragon put down the infant; Antony carried him to his father, who + adopted him and ordered him to be baptized. He was named Antony + fice Greffoun (Antony, son of the griffin or gripe). + + Desonelle wandered up and down, after the loss of her children, + till she happened to meet the king of Nazareth hunting. He, + recognizing her as the king of Portugal’s daughter, gave her a + kind welcome and assistance. At his court she lived several years + in happy retirement. Torrent returned at length into Portugal, + notwithstanding all the entreaties of the Norwegian king that he + would dwell in Norway somewhat longer. At his arrival, King + Calamond took refuge in his stronghold, and greeted him from + thence with scornful words. Torrent, after having summoned his + friends from Arragon, Provence, and Calabre, conquered the castle, + and took Calamond prisoner. The traitor was sent out to sea in a + leaky boat, and perished. + + In his stead, Torrent was elected king by all the noblemen of the + empire, and took the crown. But forty days after this, he quitted + his realm, having intrusted two knights with its government, and + passed to the Holy Land at the head of a large force. There he + fought fifteen years against the infidels, conquered several + towns, and got immeasurable treasures as booty. The king of + Jerusalem, hearing about Torrent’s deeds, and anxious for his own + security, sent his son Leobertus, with an army of 50,000 men, + against Torrent. A pitched battle began, but it was for a long + time doubtful to which side victory would incline, till at last + the two chiefs encountered. The son vanquishing his father decided + the fate of the battle. Torrent was conveyed as a prisoner to + Jerusalem, and thrown into a dungeon. There he lay above a year, + till he was once overheard complaining his misfortunes by his son, + who, touched with pity, prevailed upon the king to set Torrent at + liberty. In this new state Torrent soon found an opportunity to + show his valour and skill in arms, when a grand tournament was + held at Jerusalem. There he proved sole victor over all the + knights, and got the chief prize. The king of Nazareth, who had + assisted at this joust, telling his folk at home who had won the + prize, described the arms and escutcheon of the valiant knight. By + these Desonelle recognized her beloved spouse. At her request the + king called princes and knights from all parts of the world to a + great tournament. The kings of Jerusalem, Greece, Leobertus, + Antony fice Greffoun, and Torrent answered the call. Before an + illustrious assembly of mighty princes and noble ladies, all of + whom were surpassed by Desonelle in beauty and grace, the + tournament began. Leobertus and Antony excelled in it, but the + chief was Torrent, who performed wonders in the joust, vanquishing + all valiant adversaries. The next morning Desonelle could no + longer brook reserve, and was about to discover herself to + Torrent; but overwhelmed with joy she fainted, when she had + scarcely uttered the first words of greeting. It was not till + midday that she was able to tell Torrent and the other knights her + fates and those of her children. Then parents and children + passionately embraced on recognizing each other. At Torrent’s + request, all of them, with the kings of Nazareth, Jerusalem, and + Greece, and many attendants, sailed for Portugal. There the + nuptials of Torrent with Desonelle were celebrated with a great + round of splendid festivities. Torrent was finally elected Emperor + of Rome, and reigned a long time gloriously. He lies there buried + in a fair abbey. + + A benediction finishes the romance. + +If we take a survey of the poem, we shall recognize in its conception a +harmonious plan and a certain unity of action, which, as in most of the +romances, is founded on the hero and the interest he affects us with +(See Ten Brink, _Engl. Literat._, I. p. 317). In the centre of the +action is placed Torrent’s love of Desonelle; for all the various +combats that he undertakes against dragons and giants, against the +prince of Arragon and King Calamond, are undertaken solely to gain him +Desonelle. Even his expedition against the infidels and the fighting +with his son are designed by Providence to make him find again his lost +love. Halliwell (Preface, p. vii), therefore, is not right in deeming +the romance ‘a rambling poem of adventures without much plot.’ The +length and tediousness of the episodes may have prevented him from +recognizing the unity of the whole. At the same time, however, it must +be admitted that the poem cannot rank with the masterpieces of romantic +poetry written in the same metre, like _Amis and Amiloun_, _Ipomadon_, +_Kyng of Tars_, _Octavian_, either in the invention of plot or in the +dissection of passions. The diction is so swelled with stereotyped +phrases, and so surfeited with trivialities, that we may justly suppose +the poem to have been composed at a period when romantic poetry had +passed its best time, and had begun to decay. As to the authorship of +the poem, it was probably composed by a monk. It is an easy thing to +show peculiarities in the course of the story which are essentially +monkish. As the romance begins and ends with a benediction, in the same +way each deed and each adventure of the hero is introduced and finished +by long prayers. Moreover, the poet points frequently to a direct +interposition of Heaven (ll. 675, 1568, 1948); he describes the anguish +and sorrow that Desonelle feels about her children’s baptism (ll. +1892-1896 and 2074-76); he mentions emphatically Communion and +Confession (1272 and 2139), Masses (756 and 813); he finally praises the +Emperor for founding churches and abbeys (l. 2658). On the other side, +we find very few of those marks which characterize the works of +minstrels: the poet seldom predicts the fates of his heroes to excite +the attention of his auditors; he mentions only by the way the +performances of the gleemen, and nowhere speaks of the rewards that they +get. + +Passing to a special inquiry into the origin of the story of Torrent, +I cannot persuade myself that it is of the poet’s own invention, as that +would be the only instance of a Middle-English romance not being taken +from foreign originals (except, of course, Chaucer’s _Sir Thopas_, which +was written to ridicule this whole branch of poetry), whilst slight +alterations or additions were frequently introduced by the translators. +A French original of the romance is supposed by Halliwell to have +existed (Preface, vi). He says, ‘It is probably, like the second copy of +the romance of Horn, a modernized version of an older English romance, +which was itself translated from the French. I have not been able to +discover any traces of the French original, but there are some singular +allusions to its origin in the poem itself. I allude to the frequent +references to the _Book of Rome_.[3] This term was applied to the French +language, in which most of the old romances were originally written.’ As +for me, I don’t think that we can much rely upon references of this +kind, because they are common to all of these Middle-English romances. +Of a somewhat greater weight is perhaps the fact that one or two of the +proper names are French; and even the oath, ‘par l’amour de dieu,’ is +worth mentioning. After all, there is no evident proof as to the French +origin. But there is no doubt that the story of Torrent in its principal +features--the adversities of a family separated by misfortunes, the +mother robbed of her children by wild beasts, at last united +again--proceeded from the old Eustache legend.[4-5] Therewith another +motive is combined, that of the woman innocently condemned, on which +motive a large stock of legends is founded; for instance, those of +Crescentia, Sibilla, Oliva, Genovefa, Griseldis and Octavian legends. +Upon this motive and its old origin from India, see Streve, ‘The +Octavian legend,’ _Erlangen Dissert._, 84. + + [Footnote 3: On this term see _Octavian_, ed. Sarrazin, + p. xxxviii.] + + [Footnote 4: See Warton’s opinion upon the legendary origin of + many romances, _History of Engl. Poetry_, London, 1824, I. + p. ccxliv: ‘Many romances were at first little more than legends + of devotion, containing the pilgrimage of an old warrior. At + length, as chivalry came into vogue, the youthful and active part + of the pilgrim’s life was also written. The penitent changed into + the knight-errant.’ Sometimes, of course, the opposite change may + have taken place, as for instance is probably the case with the + story of the two faithful friends, Amis and Amiloun (cf. Koelbing, + _Amis_, p. lxxxi), and with the story of Robert the Devil (cf. + _Sir Gowther_, ed. Breul, p. 74).] + + [Footnote 5: See the edition of _The worthie Hystorie of + Plasidas_, 1566, by H. H. Gibbs, for the Roxburghe Club, 1873.] + +I will consider first the legend of Eustache in its original version. +According to the Greek Martyr Acts, which were probably composed in the +eighth century, this saint was before his baptism a captain of Trajan, +named Placidus. As he one day hunted in the forest, the Saviour appeared +to him between the antlers of a hart, and converted him. Placidus +changed his name into Eustache, when he was baptized with his wife and +sons. God announced to him by an angel his future martyrdom. Eustache +was afflicted by dreadful calamities, lost all his estate, and was +compelled to go abroad as a beggar with his wife and his children. As he +went on board a ship bound for Egypt, his wife was seized by the +shipmaster and carried off. Soon after, when Eustache was travelling +along the shore, his two children were borne away by a lion and a +leopard. Eustache then worked for a long time as a journeyman, till he +was discovered by the Emperor Trajan, who had sent out messengers for +him, and called him to his court. Reappointed captain, Eustache +undertook an expedition against the Dacians. During this war he found +his wife in a cottage as a gardener,--the shipmaster had fallen dead to +the ground as he ventured to touch her,--and in the same cottage he +found again his two sons as soldiers: herdsmen had rescued them from the +wild beasts, and brought them up. Glad was their meeting again! But as +they returned to Rome, they were all burnt in a glowing bull of brass by +the Emperor’s order, because they refused to sacrifice to the heathen +gods. + +This legend, which reminds us at once of the story of Job, has been +incorporated in almost all mediæval collections of legends, and upon it +are founded some mediæval poems, which are enumerated by H. Knust in his +splendid work _Dos Obras Didácticas y dos Leyendas_, Madrid, 1878; cf. +R. Köhler, _Zeitschrift für rom. phil._ III, p. 272 ff., Varnhagen, +_Anglia_, III, p. 399 ff.; two latin versions are edited by the same, +_Zeitschrift für deutsches Alterthum_ XXIV, p. 241 ff., and XXV, +p. 1 ff. + +English legends of Eustache are to be found + +(1) In Ælfric’s _Passiones Martyrum_; see Horstmann, _Altenglische +Legenden_, Second series, Heilbronn, 1881, p. xli. + +(2) In the South-English collection, _l.c._ p. xlviii. + +(3) In the Northern collection, pp. lxi and lxiv. Herrig’s _Archiv_ 57, +p. 262 ff. + +(4) In the Scottish collection of legends, said to be Barbour’s. Cf. +Barbour’s _Legendensammlung_, ed. C. Horstmann, Heilbronn, 82, ii. +p. 12. + +(5) In the old Engl. translation of the _Legenda aurea_, see Horstm., +_l.c._, p. cxxxv. Caxton’s edition of the legend, No. 196. + +(6) The complete text of the legend printed in Horstmann’s +above-mentioned collection, _Altengl. Legendensamml._, p. 211 ff. + +(7) _St. Eustas_, by I. Partridge, see Gibbs’ above-mentioned edition, +and Horstm., _l.c._ p. 472 ff. + +With this legend are connected, more or less, the following poems, which +it is necessary to speak of in turn: + +(1) The Pseudo-Chrestien epic poem, _Guillaume d’Engleterre_.[6] + + [Footnote 6: _Guill. d’Engleterre_, ed. Fr. Michel, _Chron. + Anglo-Norm._, III. 39-172. On the authorship of this poem see C. + Hofmann, _Sitzungsberichte der Münch. Akad._, 1870, II. p. 51, and + P. Meyer, _Romania_, VIII. p. 815 f.] + +(2) The two Middle High German poems, _Die gute Frau_,[7] and (3) _Der +Graf von Savoyen_.[8] + + [Footnote 7: _Die gute Frau_, ed. E. Sommer in Haupt’s + _Zeitschrift für deutsches Alterthum_, II. 389.] + + [Footnote 8: _Der Graf v. Savoyen_, ed. F. H. v. d. Hagen, + _Minnesinger_, IV. 640, and Eschenburg, _Denkmäler altdeutscher + Dichtkunst_, Bremen, 1799.] + +(4) The romances of _Isumbras_; (5) of _Octavian_; (6) last, _Syr +Eglamour of Artois_, and (7) _Sir Torrent of Portugal_. + +The first five have been treated by Holland in his book, _Chrestien de +Troies_, Tübingen, 1854. + +According to Holland’s opinion, all of these are derived from the legend +of Eustache. He has not exactly inquired into each of them, but +restricts himself to a detailed account of their contents. A critical +inquiry into these poems, except the romance of _Octavian_, has been +recently published by J. Steinbach: _Der einfluss des Crestien de Troies +auf die altenglische literatur_. Leipzig, 1886, p. 41 ff. As to the +French and the two German poems, it may be sufficient to refer to this +exhaustive essay, since it is only by the same legendary origin that +they are connected with _Sir Torrent_; otherwise they are quite +different. + +But of the English romances of _Sir Isumbras_ and of _Octavian_ it is +necessary to treat more minutely. _Isumbras_ was edited first by +Utterson in his _Select Pieces of Early Popular Poetry_, London, 1817; +secondly by Halliwell in _The Thornton Romances_, from the Lincoln MS. +A. i. 17. A critical edition of this poem has long been promised by +Prof. Zupitza. + +In this romance the legend of Eustache can be most clearly recognized. +Its contents are, indeed, somewhat transformed according to the taste of +the later Middle Ages: the Roman captain is changed into a Christian +knight, who performs wonders in fighting against the infidels; he finds +his wife as queen of a heathen country; they end their lives as mighty +princes, and so on. The legendary style has been supplanted by the +romantic diction,[9] but the leading features remain the same. In his +above-mentioned essay, pp. 46-48, Steinbach concludes, from a detailed +comparison of the contents, that the author of _Isumbras_ did not derive +his story from the epic poem, _Guillaume d’Engleterre_, but from an +original which bore a still greater resemblance to the legend of +Eustache, and, at the same time, contained many of those additions which +are to be found in all versions of the legend. Whether this original was +composed in Latin, French, or Anglo-Norman, Steinbach does not pretend +to determine. + + [Footnote 9: On this text see Sarrazin, _Octav._, p. xlv; he + speaks of “die entstellte, spielmannsmässig zersungene Form, in + der die Thornton Ms uns die legende überliefert. . . . . . + dasselbe Pathos, dieselbe Sentimentalität und Frömmelei, aber auch + dieselbe anschauliche und lebhafte Erzählungsweise (sc. as in + Oct.).”] + +To _Isumbras_ I join a few remarks on the romance of _Octavian_, which +was edited by Halliwell for the Percy Society, _The Romance of the +Emperor Octavian_, London, 1844; and by Sarrazin, _Zwei mittelengl. +Versionen der Octaviansage_, in Koelbing’s _Altengl. Bibliothek_, Band +III. As for its contents, cf. Sarrazin, as above, p. xviii ff. +Concerning the origin of the story, he agrees in general with Holland, +only he shows a still nearer connection between _Isumbras_ and +_Octavian_, taking the former for a mere imitation of the latter. This +opinion, however, cannot be proved. As I cannot enter into detail, +I only observe that the contents of _Octavian_ are a great deal more +complicated and copious than those of _Isumbras_, which is simple in its +plot and style, and shows the nearest resemblance to the old Eustache +legend, whilst _Octavian_ is a refined and adorned version of the +legendary tale with considerable change in the plan. Isumbras, of +course, bears a strict resemblance to Eustache, but not to the Emperor +Octavian, who has but little of the character of a suffering saint, as +he does not become an outlaw himself, nor is to lose his earthly goods. +Even those of his adventures which are conformable to the original--the +separation from his family, the rape of the children, the final +reunion--are exhibited in a different manner. + +The principal contents of the romance of _Octavian_ bear internal +evidence of its later origin, as it treats chiefly of the adventures and +exploits of Florent, Octavian’s son; especially in the second half of +the story, exploits of Florent so prevail that the romance might justly +bear his name on the title instead of his father’s. I therefore believe +that Sarrazin’s opinion, that _Isumbras_ is nothing but a bad imitation +of _Octavian_, is wrong; and I am rather inclined to think the two poems +were composed independently from each other, after French originals, as +is evidently the case with _Octavian_, and probably with _Isumbras_. See +Halliwell, _Thornt. Rom._, p. xviii. Sarrazin, moreover, supposes, +p. xlv, both poems to be due to the same author, in consequence of the +conformity of the dialect and style, and of some literal coincidences. +But the fact that both of these romances are written in the same dialect +is not sufficient to prove the identity of the authors, nor is the +style, which is nearly stereotyped in all of these romances. As to the +literal coincidences, only three of the nine passages quoted by Sarrazin +seem to me to be of any importance. See _Octavian_, notes on ll. 382, +397, 481. But even these only show that the writer of _Octavian_ knew +_Isumbras_, or _vice versâ_. + +As to the relation between _Octavian_ and our poem, these two romances +have no other affinity than the same legendary origin, and the motive of +the woman innocently persecuted, which may very well have been +introduced independently by two different authors. In all other +particulars they are quite different. + +The heroes bear little resemblance to their legendary models; in +_Octavian_ the Emperor of Rome; in _Torrent_ the young, hardy knight who +encounters marvellous struggles to win the hand of his spouse. Also in +the treatment of the other motive, each romance has taken its own +course. In _Octavian_, Florence is calumniated by her mother-in-law; in +_Torrent_, Desonelle is persecuted by her father. The causes are +consequently quite different: there the jealousy of the mother-in-law +against the mighty Empress; here Calamond’s hatred against Torrent. +These differences, now only alluded to, cause a great number of others, +and produce a general difference of the two poems, which renders the +opinion of a nearer connection between them altogether illusory. + +Of all the poems mentioned above, the last, _Syr Eglamour of Artois_, is +most nearly related to _Sir Torrent_, a fact found out by Halliwell,[10] +who, however, thought that there was no necessity for him to prove a +similarity which would be at once detected by the reader; still, he +takes it for certain that the romance of _Torrent_ is younger than and +partly founded on _Sir Eglamour_. As he gives no proof for this opinion, +it will be worth while to enter once more into this question, in order +to see whether he is right or not. + + [Footnote 10: _The Thornton Romances_, p. xxii f. ‘The romance of + _Torrent_ is partly founded upon the story related in _Sir + Eglamour_. The names are changed, but the resemblance is too + striking to have been the result of chance. The treachery of the + sovereign, the prowess of the knight, the indiscretions and + misfortunes of the lady, and the happy conclusion of her + misfortunes, these form the leading incidents of each romance + . . . . there is, perhaps, a secret history attached to the source + of these romances that remains to be unravelled.’] + +Upon it, the MSS. do not help us. The earliest MS. that can have +contained _Sir Eglamour_ is the parchment one of the Duke of +Sutherland,[11] written about the end of the 14th century. The other +four MSS. of it[12] are still later. The only MS. of _Sir Torrent_ +belongs to the 15th century, so that neither of these romances can be +traced very far back. + + [Footnote 11: Cf. Koelbing’s _Englische Studien_, vii. p. 191 ff.] + + [Footnote 12: Cf. _The Thornton Romances_, p. xxv ff., and + p. xxxvi.] + +_Sir Eglamour_ was printed several times in the beginning of the 16th +century, and edited anew by Halliwell from the Cambridge MS. in his +well-known collection. To judge from the numerous readings of the +Lincoln, Cotton, and Cambridge MSS. which he has quoted, the Lincoln MS. +shows best the original dialect, and offers in several passages a +reading preferable as to rhyme and meaning.[13] Even slight differences +in the contents occur now and then.[14] + + [Footnote 13: See the following passages which Halliwell has + quoted in the notes: _Eglam._ 54, 96, 107, 111, 122, 128, 139, + 153, 177, 195, 213, 247, 337, 347, 399, 445, 572, 605, 614, 737, + 740, 765, 858, 883, 945, 985, 1081, 1143, 1206, 1216.] + + [Footnote 14: See _Eglamour_, notes on ll. 1064, 1082, 1267.] + +The metre and probably the dialect are the same in both romances; they +are composed in the tail-rhymed twelve-line stanzas, and written in a +North Midland dialect. In both of them the style is alike swelled with +the habitual phrases; only the long prayers and pious reflections so +frequent in _Torrent_ are not to be met with in _Eglamour_. On the other +hand, the poet is wont to predict the fates of his heroes (ll. 204, +951); he often demands attention (ll. 15, 39, 343, 634, 904); he never +omits, in describing the festivals, to mention the performances of the +minstrels, and to praise the liberality of the lords. These +characteristics render it probable that the author of _Eglamour_ was a +minstrel, not a clerk or monk, as I suppose the author of _Sir Torrent_ +to be. + +I now pass on to compare the contents of the two poems. The principal +features of the plot are the same in both. A young knight who seeks the +hand of a princess engages to win her by valiant exploits. The +princess’s father opposes his wooing, jealous as he is of the hero’s +renown. The knight vanquishes all the giants and other monsters against +which he is told to fight, and at length gains his spouse. A few weeks +after their marriage, he sets out again on adventurous expeditions. +While he stays abroad, his wife is delivered of twins. Her father sends +her to sea in a leaky boat; she lands on a foreign shore, where her +children are carried off by wild beasts; but they are saved in a +marvellous manner, and brought up at royal courts, whilst she herself +lives for a long time at a foreign court. As the hero, when he comes +home again, doesn’t find her, he goes into the Holy Land to fight with +the infidels. After various adventures he finds his wife and children +after a tournament at a foreign court. They return home gladly, and +celebrate their nuptials by great festivals. The cruel father is duly +punished. + +On entering into details, however, we find considerable discrepancies +between the two romances. First, the names are altogether different. +(Eglamour = Torrent. Crystyabelle = Desonelle. Prynsamour = Calamond. +Organata = Gendres. Degrabelle = Antony fice Greffoun.) The stage of the +plot is in _Eglamour_ Artois, Rome, and Egypt; in _Torrent_ Portugal, +Norway, and Calabre. Only the Holy Land is mentioned in both. There the +children are carried off by wild beasts, saved by princes and brought +up; there the hero fights against the infidels. + +The differences of the plot itself are the following: + +1. Eglamour confesses his love to Crystyabelle before his deeds; +a squire is the go-between in his suit; Eglamour finds love in return. +In _Torrent_ Desonelle does not know that she is adored by the hero till +after his first exploit. See ll. 109, 448. + +2. Accordingly, Eglamour, setting out on adventures, receives two +greyhounds and a sword of St. Paul from Crystyabelle as presents, +whereas Torrent gets an ambler from his lady love, but not till after +his first deed. + +3. Prynsamour charges Eglamour with three deeds by which he is to gain +Crystyabelle. Torrent is obliged to undertake not less than five +combats. + +4. In _Torrent_ the combats of the hero are enlarged and adorned by +additions not to be found in _Eglamour_. The latter does not release the +daughters and sons of kings, nor does he find precious swords in the +castles of the giants, nor is he deceived by a king’s counterfeit +letter, which causes Torrent a dangerous struggle and the rivalry of a +foreign prince. Only in _Eglamour_ (ll. 40-48) some knights are +mentioned who came to win Crystyabelle by jousting, but were all +vanquished by Eglamour. + +The greatest differences are found in the second halves of the stories. + +5. Crystyabelle has one child by Eglamour; Desonelle has two by Torrent. + +6. Crystyabelle is driven away into Egypt, where she is graciously +received by the king. Desonelle finds refuge in the court of the king of +Nazareth. + +7. Degrabelle, the son of Crystyabelle, is saved and brought up by the +king of Israel; the sons of Desonelle by the kings of Greece and +Jerusalem. + +8. The father of Crystyabelle is not punished like Calamond in +_Torrent_, immediately after the hero’s return, but he dies at the end +of the poem, throwing himself down from the battlements. + +9. Degrabelle is sent, when fifteen years old, into Egypt by his +adoptive father to sue for a spouse. In a joust he gains the hand of his +mother and marries her. On the very wedding-day the mother recognizes +her son by his escutcheon, and the marriage is instantly dissolved. +Quite differently does the story run in _Sir Torrent_. Leobertus, +fifteen years old, marches by order of the king of Jerusalem against his +father, and takes him prisoner, but at length solicits his release. + +10. The tournament, which in both poems compasses the reunion of the +separated family, is brought on in a different manner. In _Eglamour_ +Degrabelle himself proposes the hand of his mother as the prize in the +next tournament, to which his father comes. In _Torrent_ Desonelle, +hearing of the victories of the strange knight, supposes him to be her +spouse from his arms, and at her request a tournament is arranged. (Her +hand seems to have been likewise the prize, as may be gleaned from +l. 2440.) + +11. At the very end of the poems two slight differences are to be noted: +in _Eglamour_, Degrabelle marries Organata, daughter of the king of +Sidon, whereas the sons of Torrent return into Greece and Jerusalem. +Eglamour is crowned prince of Artois; Torrent is elected Emperor of +Rome. + +From this comparison we may conclude that _Torrent_ is not directly +founded upon _Eglamour_, or _vice versâ_; the differences are too great +to justify the supposition that either is drawn from the other. +Especially is the opinion of Halliwell, which I mentioned above, to be +rejected: _Sir Torrent_ cannot be founded on _Sir Eglamour_, simply +because it agrees more closely with the old legendary tale than _Syr +Eglamour_ does, and has preserved some essential features not to be +found in _Eglamour_, in which these are supplanted by others. Desonelle, +for instance, has two children according to the old legend, Crystyabelle +one; Torrent must fight and suffer in heathen lands like Eustache, +whereas Eglamour appears as a mere knight-errant. Further, neither in +the Eustache legend nor in _Torrent_ do we find the history of the son +who marries his mother, which motive the poet may have taken from the +legend of Pope Gregory, or perhaps from the tale of _Syr Degaré_. + +But how can the resemblance of the leading features and the +discrepancies in particulars be explained? I think the most probable +conjecture is, that an old poem, now lost, existed, with which the +authors of _Sir Eglamour_ and of _Sir Torrent_ were acquainted; but not +having a MS. of it, or knowing it by heart, both of them made up their +minds to rewrite the story in a well-known metre, changing, omitting, +adding whatever they liked, even filling up the gaps in their memories +by invention. Both of them recollected the first half of the story +better than the second. + +That this poem was an English one seems to be shown by a good many +verbal coincidences in both poems; these I accordingly suppose to have +belonged to the lost original. They are, indeed, too frequent to be +counted simply amongst the large stock of conventional phrases which are +to be met with in every poem of this kind. Here they are:-- + + _Eglamour._ + + The boke of Rome th{u}s can telle. 408, 561, 886 + + _Torrent._ + + As the boke of Rome tellys. 187, 924, 1450, 1924 + + Ther ys a jeaunt here besyde, 478 + That sorowe doyth ferre and wyde. + On us and odur moo. + + There ys a gyante here besyde, + In ale thys covntre fare and wyde, + No man on lyve levythe hee. 960 + + And alle prayed for that knyght. 573 + + For hym aƚƚ they pray. 108 + + Alle that in the cyté ware. 598 + + Aƚƚ that in~ the sytte were. 1047 + + Alle that cuntrey was fulle fayne, 640 + That he homeward was comyn ageyne. + + Gentilmen were blith and ffayn~, 1098 + That he in helth was comyn~ agayn~. + + Aftur sopur, as y yow telle, + He wendyd to chaumber with Crystyabelle. 670, 671 + + After mete, as I you teƚƚ, + To speke with mayden Desoneƚƚ + To her chamber he went. 1358-60 + + That lady was not for to hyde, 673-75 + She sett hym on hur beddys syde, + And welcomyd home that knyght. + + The damyseƚƚ so moche of pride, + Set hym on~ her bed-syde, + And said ‘welcom~ verament.’ 1363 + + So gracyously he come hur tylle, 679 + Of poyntes of armys he schewyd hur hys fylle, 680 + That there they dwellyd alle nyȝt. + + Such gestenyng he a-right, + That there he dwellid aƚƚ nyȝt + With that lady gent. 1364-66 + + A golde rynge y schalle geve the, 715 + Kepe yt wele my lady free, + Yf Cryste sende the a chylde! 717 + + Thes gold rynges I shaƚƚ yeve the, + Kepe them weƚƚ, my lady ffre, + Yf god a child vs send! 1396-1398 + + Doghtur, into the see schalt thou, 803 + Yn a schypp alone, + And that bastard that to the ys dere! + + There fore thou shalt in to the see + And that bastard with-in the! 1793 + + Sche prayed hur gentylwomen so free, + Grete wele my lord, whon ye hym see! 826, 827 + + She said ‘knyghtis and ladyes gent, + Grete weƚƚ my lord sir Torrent, + Yeff ye hym~ euer sene! 1837-39 + + Hur yonge sone away he bare. 842 + + A way he bare her yong son~. 1871 + + Thys chylde ys comyn of gentylle blode, + Where that ever that he was tane. 863 + + This chylde is come of gentiƚƚ teme, + Where euer this beest hym~ ffond. 1923 + + Kepe we thys lady whyte as flowre, + And speke we of syr Egyllamowre. 950 + + Leve we now that lady gent, + And speke we of sir Torrent. 2080-81 + + The knyght swownyd in that tyde. 975 + + Swith on sownyng there he feƚƚ. 2093 + + Be the XV yerys were comyn and gone, + The chylde that the grype hath tane, + Waxe bothe bold and stronge. 1018-20 + + And be the VII yere were gone, + The child that the liberd had tane, + Found hym his fiƚƚ off ffyght. 2233-35 + + Yn yustyng ne in turnament 1021 + Ther myght no man withsytt hys dynte, + But to the erthe them thronge. 1023 + + With heve tymbyr and ovyrryde 40 + Ther myght no man~ hys dent abyde, + But to the erthe he them strake. 42 + + Be thre wekys were comyn to ȝende, + Yn the londe of Egypt can they lende. 1057 + + But ore thre wekes were com̅yn~ to end, + To Portynggaƚƚ gan he wend. 373 + + Gentilmen that herde of thys crye, + Thedur come they redylye. 1195-96 + + Gret lordys that herith this crye, + Theder come richely. 2431-32 + + Syr Egyllamour knelyd on his kne, + ‘A Lorde God ȝylde hyt the! 1288-89 + + Torent knelid vppon~ his knee 2575 + And said ‘God yeld you, lordys ffree! + + In swounynge than felle that lady free, + ‘Welcome, syr Eglamour, to me! + + She said ‘welcom~, my lord sir Torent! + And so be ye, my lady gent! + In sownyng than feƚƚ she. 2505 + + _Eglamour_, Linc. MS. Note on 1267: + + Grete lordis thane told scho sone. + + Gret lordys told she sone. 2539 + +Perhaps some more light will be thrown on this question when we get the +much-wanted critical edition of _Sir Eglamour_; but I fear that the +‘secret history attached to the source of these romances’ will even then +remain to be unravelled. What I have proposed has no title to a better +name than a conjecture. + + +§ 5. THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE EDITION. + +As to the only MS. in which this romance has come down to us, I have +mentioned before that it is exceedingly corrupt; many conjectures, more +or less sure, were necessary in order to restore metre, rhyme, and +meaning; the greater part of them seemed worthy to be entered in the +text, the rest being offered in the notes. No attempt has been made to +introduce a uniform character of dialect, considering the quite +unsettled state of orthography in early times. The only exceptions are +where the sounds are fully determined by the rhyme. In general the +orthography of the MS. has been reproduced as accurately as possible. +The contractions used by the scribe are expanded and printed in italics. +At the beginning of a new period, or a proper name within the line, +capitals have been introduced. From l. 1200, where the numeration of my +text no longer coincides with that of Halliwell’s edition, the +line-numbers of the latter are added in brackets. + +The fragments which I have added as an appendix to the text have been +consulted in all cases of difficulty, and proved of no little service in +correcting the blunders of the manuscript; they contain indeed a +somewhat better text than the MS., though they are by no means free from +clerical errors. A detailed comparison gives the following result: + +In fifty-one lines the text of the fragments is evidently correcter than +the MS.: + + _Fragments._ + _Manuscript._ + + The kyng of Nazareth sent hym me, + Torent, I wot-saue hym on the. 466 + The kyng of Portynggaƚƚ seyd, ‘So mot I the! + Torrent, I wet-saffe of the. + + The kyng wolde fayne that he ded were, + And he wyst nat on what manere. 472 + The kyng wolde fayne that he wer ded, + And hym wyst in what maner. + + To Torent that was true as stele, 477 + To Torrent trew ase styƚƚ, + + In what londe that they brede. 487 + In what lond they ne bred. + + He bestrode a noble stede. 502 + Tho he bestrod another stede. + +Cf. 489, 498, 507-10, 512-15, 822, 825, 831, 833, 834, 837, 845, 848, +851, 929, 932, 933, 935, 947, 948, 951, 952, 958, 965, 968-70, 1807, +1808, 1810, 1827, 1828, 1831, 1834-36, 1844, 1854, 1866. + +Forty-eight lines are coincident: 468, 470, 474, 479, 480, 486, 487, +495, 499, 501, 504, 505, 520, 823, 832, 842, 844, 846, 917, 918, 921, +922, 927, 928, 936, 938, 953, 957, 962, 1809, 1813-17, 1819-21, 1823, +1830, 1832, 1838, 1847, 1850, 1851-52, 1863, 1865. + +In ninety-one lines it is doubtful which reading is to be considered as +the original one: + + _Fragments._ + _Manuscript._ + + As they walkyd by the ryvers syde. 469 + Ase the went be the watyres syd. + + Howe he myght hym shent. 473 + How he schuld be schent. + + The kyng sayde ‘what may this be? + Lorde, it is sent to me + For a faucon shene. 483-85 + Syr, he seyd, what may thys be? + Loo, lord, come ner and see + Abowght a facon schene. + + Than sayde the kyng vntrue, + ‘And ye fynde hawes of great value, + Brynge me one with the! 492-94 + And than seyd the kyng ontrew, + ‘Yf thow get hawkys of great valew, + Bryng on of them to me! + + Of thy dowghter hende. 836 + Of yowr dowghttyr hend. + +Cf. 467, 475, 476, 478, 481, 482, 488, 496, 497, 500, 506, 511, 516-20, +821, 824, 826, 827, 829, 830, 835, 838-41, 843, 847, 850, 919, 920, 923, +925-26, 930-31, 934, 937, 939, 940-43, 945, 946, 949, 950, 954, 955, +959, 960-61, 963, 964, 966, 967, 1811, 1812, 1818, 1822, 1825, 1826, +1829, 1837, 1840, 1842, 1843, 1845-46, 1848-49, 1853, 1855-62, 1864. + +In eleven lines the text of the MS. is superior to that of the fragment: + + _Fragments._ + _Manuscript._ + + ‘Ye, by my trouthe!’ sayd Torente. 828 + ‘Ye, be trouthe!’ seyd Torrent than. + + Delycyous notes on hyghe. 944 + Delycyous nottis on hyght. + + Frowarde the se. 956 + Froward the sytte. + +Cf. 488, 503, 820, 849, 924, 1824, 1833, 1839. + +As to the sixth fragment, 1014-36, and the beginning of the first (in +Halliwell’s edition the third), 462-64, in which, as above mentioned, +not much more than the rhyming words are preserved, they have nearly the +same relation to the MS. as the other ones. + +In the following passages they correct the rhymes of the MS.: 1017, +1018, 1028, 1033. Coincident rhymes: 1014, 1015, 1019, 1026, 1027, 1032, +1034-36. Undecided: 1020, 1021, 1023-24, 1029-30, 462-64. The rhymes of +the MS. are preferable in ll. 1016, 1022, 1025, 1031. + +I need only add, that all the discrepancies between the MS. and the +fragments, however numerous they may be, concern, for the most part, +things of little importance; they are caused especially by the frequent +change of synonymous terms, by the difference of expletive words and +phrases, the transposition of words, the change of tenses, and so on. +But as there is nowhere any essential difference to be traced, we may +conjecture with great probability that the early printed edition of the +romance was taken from a manuscript which was pretty nearly related to +the Manchester MS., though somewhat more correctly written. + +I gladly take the present opportunity of acknowledging my very great +obligation to Prof. Koelbing, from whom I have received ample assistance +throughout the whole of this work. It would be absolutely impossible to +me entirely to discriminate his part from mine. He carefully revised the +introduction, notes, and the glossary, before they went to press, and +after they came from it, and he looked several times through the proofs +of the text. Nor am I less indebted to Mr. Joseph Hall at Manchester, +who not only kindly read the proofs of the text with the MS. in the +Chetham Library, but also contributed some valuable notes, which are +marked by his name. The Director has added the head-lines and +side-notes. + + + + +Torrent of Portyngale. + + + Here bygynneth a good tale f. 76a. + Of Torrente of Portyngale. + +(1) + + [Sidenote: + May God give us grace to win Heaven! I’ll tell you of a doughty + knight.] + + +G+od, that ys worthy and Bold, _leaf_ 1] + Heuen~ and Erthe haue In hold, + Fyld, watyr, and wynde, + Yeve vse g{ra}ce hevyn~ to wyne, + And brynge vs owt off Dedly synne 5 + And In thy s{er}uyse to Ende! + A stounde and ye woƚƚ lyst be-Dene, + Ale dowghtty men~ þ{a}t Euyr hathe b{e}n~, + Wher So that they lende, + I Schaƚƚ yow teƚƚ, ore I hense pase, 10 + Off a knyght, þ{a}t Dowghtty wase, + In Rome ase clarkys ffynde. + + [Linenote: + 8. _byn_ MS.] + +(2) + + [Sidenote: + He dwelt in Portugal, and fought well when 18.] + + In Portynggaƚƚ, that Ryche londe, + An Ereƚƚ that wase wonande, + That curtese wase and {wyght}; 15 + Sone aftyr he had a sone, + The feyerest þ{a}t on fot myght gon, + Tyrrant, men seyd, he hyght. + Be tyme he wase XVIII yer~ old, + Of dedd{es} of armys he wase bold, 20 + To felle bothe kyng and knyght; + And now com{m}ythe dethe appon a day + And takythe hys father~, ase I yow sey, + For God ys most of myght. + + [Linenotes: + 15. _wyght_] _Dowghtty_ MS. + 21. _felle_] first _l_ above the line MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT LOVES DESONELL.] + +(3) + + [Sidenote: + The King gives Torrent an earldom, and he falls in love with the + King’s daughter Desonell,] + + The kyng of Portynggaƚƚ wase fayne, 25 + To-warde hym he takythe Torrayne, + That Dowghtty ys in~ dedde; + And ther he fesomnyd in~ hys hond + A good Eyrldom in~ that lond, + Bothe forest and {fede}. f. 76b. 30 + The kyng hathe a dowghttyr {whyte} ase {fame}, + Dys{o}ne{ll} wase her name, + Worthyest in wede. + When Torrent had of her~ a syght, + More he lovyd that swet{e} wy{gh}t 35 + Than~ aƚƚ ys fathyrys l{e}de. + + [Linenotes: + 30. _fede_] _Downe_ MS. + 31. _whyte ase fame_] _feyer ase flowyr_ MS. + 32. _Dyscenys_, MS. + 35. _swete_] _swet_, MS. + _wyght_] _wyte_ MS. + 36. _lede_] _londe_ MS.] + +(4) + + [Sidenote: + and for her, unhorses many knights.] + + For love of thys lady Deyr~ + In dede of armys far and nere + Aventorr{es} gan he take + W{i}t{h} heve tymbyr and ovyr-Ryde, 40 + Ther myght no man~ hys dent a-bydde, + But to the Erthe he them str{a}ke. + Her father and other knyghtt{es} mo + Had farly, how he Ryd soo, + And on a day to hyme spake, 45 + He Seyd: ‘Torrent, howe may thys byne, + That thow Dysp{i}syst thes knyghtt{es} kene + And ordurr{es} non woƚƚ take?’ + + [Linenotes: + 39. _A ventorres_ MS. + 42. _stroke_ MS. + 47. _dysplesyst_ MS.] + +(5) + + [Sidenote: + The King knows that Torrent loves his daughter,] + + Torrent sayd: ‘So mvt I the, + An other sayment woƚƚ I {s}ee, 50 + Ore I take ordor of knyght.’ + Tho he sware be hevyn kyng, + Ther wase told hym a wondyr-thyng~ + In hys chambyr to nyght: + ‘For~ the love of my doughter dere 55 + Thow makyst good far and nere + In~ Dedde of armys bryght; + And wyt thow wyƚƚ, so god me saue, + Thow schalt her~ wyne, yf thow her haue, + Be thow neuyr so wy{g}ht!’ 60 + + [Linenotes: + 50. _And_ MS. + _see_] _bee_ MS. + 60. _wyght_] _wyttht_ MS.] + +[Headnote: THE KING ASKS TORRENT TO FIGHT A GREEK GIANT.] + +(6) + + [Sidenote: + and asks him if, for her sake, he’ll fight] + + Torrent sayd: ‘Be Marry dere, + And I were off armyse clere, f. 77a. + Yowr Dowghttyr me leve were.’ + The kyng seyd: ‘Yf yt be soo, + Ore VII yere be a-go, 65 + More schaƚƚ we here: + Durst thow, for my dowghttyr sake, + A poynt of armys for to take + W{i}t{h}-owt helpe of fere?’ + Than seyd Torrant: ‘So god me sped, 70 + W{i}t{h} anny man~ that syttythe on stede + Other far ore nere!’ + + [Linenotes: + 61. _Marry_] _e_ corrected into _y_. + 65. _a-go_] _a gone_, _ne_ struck out, MS.] + +(7) + + Ther-of the kyng~ for tene wax wode: + ‘Yf thow wylt make thy body good, + Be trew and hold thy cont{ena}nce . . . . . . . 75 + Tho seyd Torrant: ‘So god me sped ere! + And I wyst, in~ what sted they were, + Fore no man~ wold I cha{u}nce.’ + + [Linenotes: + 75. _contnnce_ MS. + 78. _chaunce_] corrected out of _change_ MS.] + +(8) + + [Sidenote: + a Giant in the Greek sea.] + + ‘In to the Grek{es} see a mylle + Ther ly{v}ythe a gyant {in an} yle, 80 + Fuƚƚ Euyƚƚ thow dourst hyme stond. + My fayer~ forest{es} fellythe downe he + And Ryche castell{es} in~ that contre, + No ston lettythe he stond.’ + + [Linenote: + 80. _lyvythe_] _lyghttythe_ MS. + _in an yle_] _mauyle_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS TO FIGHT THE GIANT BEGONMESE.] + +(9) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent agrees to fight] + + +T+errent sayd: ‘Be Marre bryght, 85 + Yt ys gret sorrow that he hathe syght, + The devyƚƚ of heƚƚ hym blynd!’ + The {kyng} sayd: ‘P{ar} la-more de dewe, + Thow darryst fuƚƚ evyƚƚ w{i}t{h} thy Ey hym sewe, + He wold feƚƚ the w{i}t{h} hys wynde.’ 90 + ‘Now, be my trowthe,’ seyd Torrent than~, + ‘Ase I ame a jentylman~, + Yf I may hym fynd, + Won fot woƚƚ I not fro hym pase, + Thow he be stronger~ than Samson~ wase, f. 77b. 95 + Or anny man~ of {hys} kynd!’ + + [Linenotes: + 86. _he_] written above the line, MS. + 88. _kyng_] _knyght_ MS. + 96. _hys_] om. MS.] + +(10) + + [Sidenote: + the Giant Begonmese, and sets out.] + + Hys squyerys, they mornyd s{a}re, + W{i}t{h}-owt fere that he schold fare + To that gret iorney, + W{i}t{h} the gyant heygh for to fyght. 100 + Be-gon~-mese that gyant hyght, + That fyndd{es} f{e}re for aye. + To arme hyme Torrant g{a}s, + Hys good stede w{i}t{h} hym he ta{s}, + W{i}t{h} owt squyer~ that Day. 105 + He takythe leve at lorddys hend, + And on hys wey gan he wynd, + For hym aƚƚ they p{ra}y. + + [Linenotes: + 97. _sore_ MS. + 102. _fare_ MS. + 103. _gas_] _goos_ MS. + 104. _tas_] _takythe_ MS. + 108. _pray_] _prayd_ MS.] + +(11) + + [Sidenote: + Desonell knows not that it is for love of her. God give Torrent + victory!] + + Lytyƚƚ wyst Desoneƚƚ that jente, + For whos love that he went 110 + To fyght w{i}t{h} that knave. + Now god, that Dyed appon a Rode, + Strengithe hym bothe bone and blod, + The fyld for to haue! + He that schaƚƚ wend soche a wey, 115 + Yt were nede for hym to p{ra}y, + That I{es}u hym schuld saue. + Yt ys in~ the boke of Rome, + Ther was no knyght of kyrstendome, + That jorney Durst crave. 120 + +[Headnote: TORRENT SEES THE GIANT SLEEPING.] + +(12) + + [Sidenote: + After 6 days’ ride he sees the Giant asleep.] + + VI days Rydythe he + By the cost of the feyer~ see, + To seke the gyant kene. + By the cost as he Rode, f. 78a. + In a forest longe and brode 125 + And symly wase to se{n}e, + Hey sperrys ther he fonde + And gret olyvys growonde + Coverd in~ levys {grene}. + Sone wase he ware, ase y yow say, 130 + Vppon a movnteyn~ ther he laye + On slepe, ase I wene. + + [Linenotes: + 123. _seke_] _ches_, struck out, _seke_ written over with paler ink. + 126. _see_ MS. + 129. _grene_] _smale_ MS.] + +(13) + + [Sidenote: + He prays for Christ’s help.] + + Torrent, on kne knelyd he + And be-sowght J{es}u so fre, + That bowght hym w{i}t{h} hys blod: 135 + ‘Lord, ase thow dyd {r}yght for Mar{y}, + Let me nev{er} take velony + And gef me of thy fode! + Sertt{es}, yf I hym slepyng~ slone, + Manfuƚƚ Ded were yt none 140 + For my body, be the Rode.’ + Tho Terrant blewe hys bugeƚƚ bold, + To loke that he a-wake wold, + And sythe ner~ hyme Rode. + + [Linenote: + 136. _ryght_] _lyght_ written above the line with paler ink. + _mare_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT WAKES THE GIANT BEGONMESE.] + +(14) + + [Sidenote: + As Torrent can’t wake the Giant with his bugle,] + + So fast a-slepe he wase browght, 145 + Hys hornys blast a-woke hyme nowght, + He swellyd ase dothe the see. + Torrent saw, he woƚƚ not wake, + He Reynyd hys sted vnto a stake, + Ase a jentyƚƚ man~ {so fre}. 150 + So hy, he say, wase the movnteyne, + Ther mygh{t} no horse wynd hym~ a-geyn~ + But yf he nowyd wold be; f. 78b. + Thowe the wey neuyr~ so wykkyd w{a}re, + On hys wey gan he fare, 155 + In~ gret p{er}ayƚƚ went hee. + + [Linenotes: + 150. _so fre_] _in fere_ MS. + 151. _say_] _sayd_ MS. + 152. _mygh_ (!) MS. + 154. _were_ MS.] + +(15) + + [Sidenote: + he stirs him up with his spear, and makes him wild.] + + Torent went to that movnte{y}n~, + He put hys spere hyme a-geyne, + ‘A-Ryse, fellow!’ gan he saye; + ‘Who made the so bold here to dweƚƚ, 160 + My lord{es} frethe thus to feƚƚ? + A-mend{es} the be-hovythe to pay.’ + The gyant Rysythe, ase he had byn~ wod, + And Redyly by hyme stode, + Be-syd hyme on a lay, 165 + And seyd: ‘S{er}tes, yf I leve, + Soche a wed I woƚƚ the geff, + To meve the Euyr~ and ay.’ + + [Linenote: + 157. _movnten_ MS.] + +(16) + + [Sidenote: + The fight begins.] + + Thow the chyld were neuyr~ so y{i}nge, + The fynd{es} spere sparrythe hyme no-thyng~ 170 + I{n} the holtt{es} h{a}ree; + Who had fare and nere byne, + And neu{er} had of fytyng syn~, + He myght a lernyd th{a}re. + The gyant, the fyrst stroke to hym he cast, 175 + His good schyld aƚƚ to-brast, + In schevyr{es} spred wase {ya}re; + Tho covd he no bett{ur} R{e}d, + But stond styƚƚ, tyƚƚ one were ded; + The gyant lefte hym th{a}r. 180 + + [Linenotes: + 169. _yonge_ MS. + 171. _In_] _Ihū_ (!) MS. + _horee_ MS. + 173. _seyn_ MS. + 174. _there_ MS. + 175. _to hym_] written above the line. + 177. _there_ MS. + 178. _he no_] _not he_ MS. + _Ryd_ MS. + 180. _ther_ MS.] + +[Headnote: THE GIANT BURSTS HIMSELF ON A ROCK.] + +(17) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent grips the Giant; they both fall, and roll down the mountain. + The Giant bursts] + + Torrent vndyr hys spryt he spre{n}t + And a-bowght the body he hyme hente, f. 79a. + As far as he myght last. + ‘A! fellow, wylt thow so?’ + And to the grownd gan they goo, 185 + Of the movnteyn~ bothe downe they pas{t}. + Ase the boke of Rome tellys, + They tornyd XXXII {ellys}, + In armys walloyng fast. + Yt tellythe in~ the boke of Rome, 190 + Euyr~ ase the gyant a-boue come, + Hys gutt{es} owt of hys body {brast}. + + [Linenotes: + 181. _sprent_] _spred_ MS. + 186. _they past_] _gan they pase_ MS. + 188. _ellys_] _tymys_ MS. + 192. _brast_] _Rane_ MS.] + + [[spre{n}t _italicized as shown_]] + +(18) + + [Sidenote: + open against a big stone.] + + At the fot of the movnteyn~ + Ther lay a gret Ragyd ston~, s{er}teyn~, + Yt nyhed ys schuldyr bon~ 195 + And also hys Ryght syd, + Ther to that gyant feƚƚ that tyd, + Ase {I} herd in~ Rome . . . + + [Linenotes: + 197 put before 196. MS. + 198. _I_] _he_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT THANKS GOD FOR HIS VICTORY.] + +(19) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent stabs the Giant,] + + Thorrow hyme, that mad man~, + Torrent sone a-bovyn~ wane 200 + And fast he gan {him quelle} + W{i}t{h} a knyffe feyer~ and bryght; + Torrent, w{i}t{h} aƚƚ hys myght + Ther-w{i}t{h} he gard hyme dweƚƚ. + + [Linenotes: + 199. after _Thorrow_, _of_ has been scraped out. + 201. _him quelle_] _warke_ MS. + 203. _hys_] _h_ corrected out of _m_ MS.] + +(20) + + [Sidenote: + and then thanks Christ.] + + Torent knelyd on hys kne, 205 + To I{es}u Cryst p{ra}yd he, + That hathe thys world to wyld: + ‘Lord, lovyd, evyr lovyd thowe be, + The feyer~ fyld thow hast lent Me,’ + --Vpp bothe hys hand{es he} held-- f. 79b. 210 + ‘Aƚƚ onely w{i}t{h}-owt any knaue + Of the fynd the maystry to haue, + Of hym to wyn the fyld.’ + Now ys ther none other to say, + Of hyme he wane the fyld þ{a}t day; 215 + I p{ra}y God hyme schyld. + + [Linenotes: + 210. _he_] om. MS. + 213. _wyn_] _wynd_, _d_ erased MS. + 214. _to_ written above the line, MS. + 215. + _Now ys ther non other say + Of hyme to wyne the fyld þat day_ add. (!) MS.] + +(21) + + [Sidenote: + He sees the sea, and goes to it. Torrent finds the Giant’s castle,] + + Torrent went vppe a-geyne + To the movnt, ase I gan sayne, + The lond{es} to se far and nere; + In the see a myle, hyme thoȝt, 220 + An hold wase Rychyly wrowt, + In that lond wase not here perre. + The see wase Ebbyd, I yow sey, + Torrent thether toke the way, + Werry aƚƚ thow he were; 225 + And ther he fownd Ryche w{on}ys, + Towrr{es} Endentyd w{i}t{h} presyos stonys, + Schynyng ase crystaƚƚ clere. + + [Linenote: + 219. _to se_ written above the line.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT GOES TO THE GIANT’S CASTLE.] + +(22) + + [Sidenote: + guarded by a lion and lioness.] + + T{wo} gattys off yron~ ther he fond, + Ther in~ Torrent gan wonde, 230 + A nyght{es} Rest there in~ {to} ta; + And at the hale dore ther wase + A lyon~ & a lyonasse, + Ther men be-twene them twa + Fast Etyng~, ase ye may here; 235 + Crystyñ {man} thow {he} were, + Hys browys {wexe} bl{a}, f. 80a. + And wit yow wiƚƚ, lord god yt wote, + He durst goo no fote, + Lest they wold hyme sl{a}. 240 + +(23) + + [Sidenote: + He hears a lady sighing within.] + + +T+orrant stod and be-held, + And p{ra}yd to god, that ale may wyld, + To send hyme harborrow good. + Sone hard he w{i}t{h}in a whalle + The syghyng of a lady smalle, 245 + Sche weppte, as sche were wod; + Sche mornyd sore and sayd: ‘Alas, + That Euyr~ kyng{es} dowghttyr wase + Ou{er}-come of so jentyƚƚ blod, + For now ame I holdyn~ here 250 + In lond w{i}t{h} a fynd{es} fere!’ + Torrent hard, wher he stod. + + [Linenotes: + 226. _wonys_] _wayes_ MS. + 229. _Two_] _The_ MS. + 231. _to ta_] _he take_ MS. + 234. _twa_] _twayne_ MS. + 236. _man_] _thow_ (!) MS. + _he_] _they_ MS. + 237. _wexe bla_] _be gan to blowe_ MS. + 240. _sle_ MS. + 244. _whalle_] with paler ink corrected from _whyle_. + 245. _syghyng_] with paler ink corrected from _syngyng_.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT WANTS TO ENTER THE GIANT’S CASTLE.] + +(24) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent asks for a night’s lodging in the Castle.] + + ’Dere god,’ seyd Torrant than~, + ‘Yff ther be anny crystyn~ man~ + In thys hold of ston~, 255 + That woƚƚ, for the love of god of myght, + Harbourrow a jentylman~ thys nyght, + For I ame but on~!’ + ‘Seynt Marry,’ seyd that lady clere, + ‘What crystyn~ man~ axithe harburrow here?’ 260 + Nere hym sche gothe a-non. + ‘I wold harburrow the fuƚƚ fayne, + But a gyant wyƚƚ the slayne.’ + To hym sche mad here mone. + + [Linenotes: + 259. _clere_] _e_ corrected out of _r_ MS. + 261. _sche gothe anon_] _a non sche gothe_ MS.] + + [[‘Dere god,’ _open quote invisible_]] + +(25) + + [Sidenote: + The Lady says the Giant will kill him.] + + ‘Say me now, fayer~ lady, {belyve}, f. 80b. 265 + Who owte {of} thys plase schaƚƚ {me dryve}, + Thes tourr{es}, that are so bryght?’ + Ther sche Seyd: ‘Be hevyn~ kyng~, + Here ys a gyant Dwellyng, + That meche ys of myght. 270 + Be my trowthe, and he the see, + Were ther~ XX lyvys in~ the, + Thy dethe than wyƚƚ he dyght. + I{es}u cryst yef me g{ra}ce + To hyd the in~ some preve plase 275 + Owt of the fynd{es} syght! . . . . . + + [Linenotes: + 265. _bel._] om. MS. + 266. _of_] om. MS. + _me dryve_] _hyght_ MS. + 267. _so_] _feyer and_ add. MS. + 271. _the_] _thow_, _w_ erased and _e_ changed into _o_, MS. + 273. _They_ (!) MS. + 275. _hyd_] corrected from _hyde_.] + + [[Linenote 271: _all “e” and “o” printed as shown_]] + +(26) + + [Sidenote: + The Lady takes Torrent past the Lions, into the Castle.] + ‘Euyr~ me thynkythe be thy tale, + The song of the burd{es} smale + On slepe hathe hyme browght.’ + ‘Ye,’ seyd Torrent, ‘ore he be wakyn~, 280 + I schaƚƚ the teƚƚ soche a tokyn~, + Of hym thow haue no thowght! + But woldd{es} thow for thy gentry + Do the lyonnys downe lye, + That they nyee me nowght?’ 285 + By the hande sche gan{n}e hym ta + And led hyme in~ be{tw}e them twa; + Ryght ase sche wold, they wrowght. + + [Linenotes: + 277. _thy_] _my_ erased and _thy_ written above the line. + 283. _thy_] _th_ corrected from _m_. + _gentry_] _gentre_, _e_ corrected from _y_. + 285. _nyee_] first _e_ above the line. + 286. _hande_] _d_ corrected from _e_. + _tane_ MS. + 287. _bewte_ MS. + _twayne_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS TAKEN INTO THE GIANT’S CASTLE.] + +(27) + + [Sidenote: + He tells her he has kild the Giant.] + + The lady wase neuyr~ so a-drad, + In to the hale sche hym lad, 290 + That lemyred ase gold bryght; + Sche byrlyd whyt wyne and Rede: f. 81a. + ‘Make vse myrre a-geyne ow{re} Dedd, + I wot wiƚƚ, yt ys so dyght!’ + ‘Be my trowthe!’ seyd Torrent, 295 + ‘I wole be thy warrant, + He comythe not here thys nyght. + On soche a slepe he ys browght, + Aƚƚ men of lyve wakythe hym nowght, + But onely god{es myght}.’ 300 + + [Linenote: + 300. _godes myght_] _gode a lone_ MS.] + +(28) + + [Sidenote: + She tells him of Prince Verdownys, and 4 Earls’ sons in the Giant’s + prison.] + + Blythe then wase that lady jent, + For to on-harnes Torrent, + That dowghtty wase and bold; + ‘For sothe,’ sche seyd, ‘I wot wher ys + The kyng{es} sone {Verdownys}, 305 + Fast put in hold + In a dongon~, that ys dym; + Fowyre good Eryll{es} sonnys be w{i}t{h} hyme + Ys fet in~ fere and fold. + The gyant wan theme in~ a tyde, 310 + Ase they Rane be the watyr syd, + And put them in~ preson~ cold. + + [Linenote: + 305. _Verdownys_] _of pvense_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT FREES A PRINCE AND 4 EARLS’ SONS.] + +(29) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent breaks open the prison,] + + ‘In an yron~ cage he hathe them done.’ + Torrent went thether~ sone: + ‘Are ye yet levand?’ 315 + The kyng{es} sone askyd than~, + Yf ther were anny crysten man~, + ‘Wold bryng vse ow{t} of bond?’ + ‘Lord,’ he seyd, ‘god aƚƚmyght, + I had levyr on a Day to fyght, f. 81b. 320 + Than aƚƚ my fathyrys lond.’ + W{i}t{h} an iryn~ maƚƚ styff and strong~ + He brake vpe an yron~ dore or longe, + And sone the keyes he fond. + + [Linenotes: + 318. _owt_] _ow_ (!) MS. + 323. _or longe_] added in paler ink.] + +(30) + + [Sidenote: + and frees the 5 youths. They sup.] + + Owt he toke thys chyldyryn~ fyve, 325 + The feyrest that were on lyve, + I-hold in~ anny sted. + The lady wase fuƚƚ gl{e}d, + Sche byrlyd whyt wyn~ and Redd, + And sethyn~ to soper sone they yed. 330 + ‘Lord{es},’ he seyd, ‘syn yow are her~, + I Red yow make Ryght good cher~, + For now ys aƚƚ thy nede.’ + Thus he covyrd owt of care. + God, that sofryd wondd{es} s{a}re, 335 + Grante vse weƚƚ to sped! + + [Linenotes: + 325. _chyld._] a _v_ struck out, follows. + 328. _glad_ MS. + 335. _sore_ MS. + 336. _well{e} to sped_] _to sped welle_ MS.] + +[Headnote: THEY ALL CHOOSE THEIR HORSES TO RIDE AWAY.] + +(31) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent freed Prince Verdownys, Lords Torren, Jakys, and Amyas, and + Princess Eleanor.] + + Lordd{es}, and ye wol lythe, + The chyldyr namys I woƚƚ teƚƚ blythe, + Here kyn, how they were me told; + The kyng{es} sone, that dowghtty {ys}, 340 + Wase clepyd Verdownys, + That dowghtty wase and bold, + And an Eryll{es} son, that hyght Torren~, + A nother Iakys of Berweyne, + The forthe was Amyas bold. f. 82a. 345 + The kyng{es} dowghttyr of Gales lond, + Elyoner~, I vndyrstond, + That worthy wase in hold, + + [Linenotes: + 337. after _wol_, _be_ struck out MS. + 340. _ys_] _wase_ MS. + 346-348 put before 343-345, MS.] + +(32) + + [Sidenote: + She takes Torrent to his chamber, and then all of them to the + stable, where each chooses a horse.] + + In to hys chambyr sche hyme led, + Ther gold and syluyr wase spred, 350 + And asur~, that wase bl{o}; + In yron ther he gan stond, + Body and armys {al sch}y{n}and, + In~ powynt to trusse and goo. + In to a stabyƚƚ sche hym led, 355 + Eche toke a fuƚƚ feyer~ sted, + They were {redy} to goo; + And wote ye weƚƚ and vndyrstond, + Had the gyant be levand, + They had not p{ar}tyd soo. 360 + + [Linenotes: + 351. _blo_] _blewe_ MS. + 353. _al sch._] _lygand_ (!) MS. + 354. _trusse_] corrected from _truste_. + 357. _redy_] om. MS. + 358. _wote_] with paler ink corrected from _what_. + 359. _Had_] corrected out of _han_. + _byn_ follows, almost entirely erased. + _gyant_] _t_ corrected from _d_.] + +(33) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent feeds the lions on the Giant’s body, and puts his head on a + horse.] + + They woƚƚ not to bed gan{ge}, + Tyƚƚ on the morrow the Day spronge, + Thus a wey to ffare. + Torrant sperryd the gattys, i-wyse, + Aƚƚ that he lyst he clepyd hys, 365 + The keys and thyng he bare. + The lyon{s that was} at the dore + Wase led to her~ mayst{er} that wase befor~, + {O}n hym thay fed them {ya}r{e}, + Vpp won of the horse, that wase ther~ levyd, 370 + {O}n hym thei trussyd the gyantt{es} he{ve}d. + Thus helpt hym god th{a}r~. + + [Linenotes: + 361. _gange_] _gan_ MS. + _ll{e} on the_ struck out, follows. + 366. _keys_] _e_ written with paler ink above the line. + 367. _lyons that was_] _lyone_ MS. + 369. _Vn_ (!) MS. + _hym_] _y_ corrected out of _e_ MS. + _thay_] corrected from _that_. + _yare_] _ther_ MS. + 371. _Vn_ (!) MS. + _thei_] _i_ written above the line. + _hed_ MS. + 372. _ther_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT RETURNS TO PORTUGAL.] + +(34) + + [Sidenote: + He goes back to Portugal.] + + But ore III wek{es} wer~ com{m}yn~ to End, + To Portynggaƚƚ gan he wend, + Ther~ ase the kyng gan {lend}; 375 + The porter~ sawe {hym} ther he stood, + He fled a wey, ase he were wod, + Flyngyng ase a fynd. f. 82b. + ‘Syr kyng,’ he seyd, ‘be godd{es} dede, + Torrant bryngythe a devyƚƚ ys hed, 380 + Ther w{i}t{h} he woƚƚ yow present.’ + Desoneƚƚ seyd: ‘Porter~, be styƚƚ!’ . . . + In hys walke ther ase he went. + + [Linenotes: + 373. _wer{e}_] _ther_, struck out, and _were_ written over. + 375. _lend_] _lye_ MS. + 376. _sawe h. th._] _ther sawe he_ MS.] + +(35) + + [Sidenote: + The King and his Lords are afraid of the lions. Torrent kisses the + King of Portugal.] + + The kyng to the gatys gan pase, + Gret lord{es} that ther wase, 385 + Bothe knyght{es} and squyerr{e}, + Lord{es} wase fuƚƚ sore a-dred + Fore the lyonys, þ{a}t he had, + They durst not come hyme ner~. + The kyng seyd: ‘I wyƚƚ {the} kysse, 390 + Durst I for~ thy best{es}, Iwysse.’ + Torrent dyd them ly ther~, + And kyssyd the kyng w{i}t{h} joy and blyse; + And aftyr, other lord{es} of hys, + And aftyr, ladys {clere}. 395 + + [Linenotes: + 386. _squyerres_ MS. + 390. _the_] _hym_ MS. + 395. _aftyr_] _other_ add. (!) MS. + _clere_] _jent_ MS.] + +[Headnote: VERDOWNYS’S FATHER IS TOLD OF HIS SAFETY.] + +(36) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Provyns is glad of his son Verdownys’s safety] + + Messengyr{es} {went} the weye, + To the kyng of P{ro}vyns to sey, + Hys sone ys owt of hold: + ‘Yyng Torrent of Portynggaƚƚ + Hathe browght hym owt of balle 400 + And slayne the jeyant bold.’ + Lytyƚƚ and mykyƚƚ þ{a}t ther wer~, + Aƚƚ they mad good cher f. 83a. + Her~ prynse fayne se wold. + The kyng {seyd}: ‘So mot I the, 405 + I woƚƚ geff the towynnys thre + For~ the tall{es} thow hast me told.’ + + [Linenotes: + 396. _went_] _to_ (!) MS. + 397. after _Provyns_ _I_ MS. + 399. _Yoyng_ MS. + 405. _kyng seyd_] _kynges messengere_ MS. + 405-7 put before 402-4.] + +(37) + + [Sidenote: + and promises Torrent gifts. The King of Gales offers Torrent his + daughter.] + + Tha{n seyd} they, tha{t} to Gales yede, + Yeftys to {take} were h{e}m no ned, + Then {Ver}downys had they. 410 + Ase they seyłyd on a tyde, + At Perrown~ on the see syd + . . . . . . . . . . . + The kyng of P{ro}vy{n}se seyd: ‘So mot I the, + Yftles schaƚƚ they not be, 415 + That dare I sothely sey.’ + The kyng of Gales proferd hym feyer~: + ‘Wed my dowghttyr and myn Eyer~, + When so euyr~ thow may! . . . . . + + [Linenotes: + 408. _Than--that_] _That they than_ MS. + _Gales_] with paler ink corrected from _Calles_. + _yede_] corrected from _went_. + 409. _take_] om. MS. + _hym_ MS. + 410. _Then Downys_ MS. + 417. _gales_] _g_ with paler ink corrected from _c_.] + + [[seyłyd _printed as shown, with line through single “l”_]] + +[Headnote: TORRENT GETS WELAND’S SWORD ADOLAKE.] + +(38) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Provyns gives Torrent his Sword made by Weland,] + + The kyng of Perve{n}se seyd: ‘So mot I the, 420 + Thys seson~ yeftles schaƚƚ thow not be, + Haue here my Ryng of gold, + My sword, that so wyƚƚ ys wrowyt; + A bett{er} than~ yt know I nowght + W{i}t{h} in~ crystyn~ mold; 425 + Yt ys ase glemyrryng ase the glase, + Thorrow Velond wroght yt wase, + Bettyr ys non~ to hold. + I have syne sum tyme in~ lond, + Whoso had yt of myn~ hond, 430 + Faw{e} the{y were} I-told.’ + + [Linenotes: + 429. _Loke thou hold yt with full{e} hond_, add. MS. + 431. _I fawght therfore I told_ MS.] + +(39) + + [Sidenote: + and named Adolake. A fortnight’s Feast is held.] + + Tho wase Torrent blythe and glad, + The good swerd ther he had, + The name wase Adolake. + A gret mayne{re}y let he make {ryght} 435 + That lest aƚƚ a fortnyght, + Who so wiƚƚ hys met take. f. 83b. + Euyry man toke ys leve, ase {I} yow say, + Hom-ward to wend ther wey, + Eu{er}y man ys Rest to take. 440 + Tyƚƚ yt be-feƚƚ vppon a day, + Ase they went be the wey, + The kyng to hys dowghttyr spake: + + [Linenotes: + 435. _mayn._] _mayne let_, with paler ink corrected into _mayney_. + _ryght_] om. MS. + 438. _I_] om. MS. + 440. _to take ys Rest_ MS.] + +[Headnote: DESONELL GIVES TORRENT A WHITE CHARGER.] + +(40) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Portugal tells Desonell that Torrent kild the Giant for + love of her.] + + ‘Ye schaƚƚ take hed of a jeentyƚƚ man~, + A feyer~ poynt for~ yow he wane, 445 + Desoneƚƚ, at the last.’ + ’Syr,’ sche seyd, ‘be hevyn kyng, + Tyƚƚ ye me told, I knewe no thyng, + For who ys love yt wase.’ + ‘Desoneƚƚ, so mvt I the, 450 + Yt wase for the lowe of the, + That he trovylld so fast. + I warne yow, dowghttyr, be the Rode, + Yt ys for yow bothe good, + Ther to I Red yow tr{a}st.’ 455 + + [Linenote: + 455. _trust_ MS.] + + [[‘Syr,’ sche seyd, _open quote invisible_]] + +(41) + + [Sidenote: + She gives Torrent a white steed which the King of Nazareth had sent + her.] + + Forthe sche browght a whyt sted, + As whyt as the flowyr in~ med, + Ys fytte blac ase slo{n}. + ‘Leman~, haue here thys fole, + That dethe ys dynt schalt þ{o}u not {thole}, 460 + Whyƚƚ thow setty{s}te hyme appon~, + And yf thow had p{ersew}yd be + And hadyst ned fore to fle, + Fast for to gone. + The kyng of Nazareth sent hym me, 465 + Torrent, I wet-saffe hym on the, + For bett{er} love may I none.’ f. 84a. + + [Linenotes: + 458. _slo_ MS. + 460. _thole_] _haue_ MS. + 461. _settythe_ MS. + 462. _p’revyd_ (!) MS. + 465. So Fragm. I (F. I); + _The kyng of Portynggalle seyd: ‘So mot I the_ MS. + 466. _hym on_] so F. I; _of_ MS.] + +(42) + + [Sidenote: + The King treacherously asks Torrent to get Desonell a Falcon] + + Aftyr-ward vppon a tyd, + Ase the went be the watyr{es} syd, + The kyng and yong Torrent, 470 + The kyng wold fayne, that he ded wer~, + And he wyst, in~ what maner~, + How he schuld be schent; + A false lettyr mad the kyng + And dyd messengyr{es} forthe yt bryng, 475 + On the Rever~, ase they went, + To Torrent, that was trew ase styƚƚ, + Yf he love Desoneƚƚ wyƚƚ, + Get her a facon~ jent. + + [Linenotes: + 471. _ded wer{e}_] so F. I; _were ded_ MS. + 472. _he_] so F. I; _hym_ MS. + 477. _that was_] so F. I; om. MS.] + +[Headnote: THE FALSE KING OF PORTUGAL DECEIVES TORRENT.] + +(43) + + [Sidenote: + from the Forest of Magdalen.] + + Torrent the lett{er} be-gan~ to Red, 480 + The kyng lestyned & nere yed, + Ase he yt nevyr ad s{e}ne. + ‘Syr,’ he seyd, ‘what may thys be, + Loo, lord, come ner~ and see, + A-bowght a facon~ schene? 485 + I ne wot, so god me sped, + In what lond that they bred.’ + The kyng answerd: ‘I wene, + In the forrest of Mavdeleyn~, + Ther be hawk{es}, ase I herd seyne, 490 + That byn of lenage {cl}en~.’ + + [Linenotes: + 482. _syne_ MS. + 487. _that_] so F. I; om. MS. + _they_] _ne_ add. (!) MS. + 489. _Mavd._] so F. I; _Mavdlen_ MS. + 491. _clen~_] _gene_ MS.] + +(44) + + [Sidenote: + He agrees to do it. Torrent rides] + + And than seyd the kyng on-trew: + ‘Yf thow get hawkys of gret valew, + Bryng on of them to me!’ + Torrent Seyd: ‘So god me saue, f. 84b. 495 + Yf yt be-tyd, that I may haue, + At yow{r} wyƚƚ they schal be.’ + Hys squyere bode he th{a}r~, + Aftyr hys armor~ for to far~, + In the fyld byddythe he. 500 + They armyd hym in~ hys wed, + Tho he be-strod a noble sted, + And forthe than Rod hee. + + [Linenote: + 498. _squyere_] so F. II; _squyeres_ MS. + _there_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT FINDS A DRAGON IN THE FOREST.] + +(45) + + [Sidenote: + to the Forest of Magdalen, gets separated from his Squire,] + + +T+orrent toke the wey a-geyn~ + In to the forest of Mawdleyn~, 505 + In the wyld-some way; + Berys and apes there founde he, + And wylde bestys great plente, + And lyons where they lay. + In a wod that wase tyght, 510 + Yt Drew nere-hand nyght + By dymmynge of the Day, + Harkyn, lord{es}, {to} them came wo, + He and hys squyer~ p{ar}tyd in two, + Carfuƚƚ men then were they. 515 + + [Linenotes: + 502. _noble_] so F. II; _nothere_ MS. + 507-509: so F. II: + _Berrys he sawe stondyng + And wyld bestes ther goyng, + Gret lyonys ther he fond._ MS. + 510: _tyght_] so F. II; _thyke_ MS. + 512: _By d._] so F. II; _And ine the Dawnyng_ MS. + 513: _to--wo_] so F. II; + _to_] of F. II. + _what I schalle sey_ MS. + 514: _in two_] so F. II; _they_ MS. + 515: _men--they_] so F. II; _they were that Day_ MS.] + +(46) + + [Sidenote: + and comes on a Dragon.] + + At the schedyng of a Rome + Eche p{ar}tyd other frome, + For sothe, ase I vndyrstond. + Torrent toke a dulful wey + Downe in~ a depe valey 520 + Be-syd a weƚƚ strong. + A lytyƚƚ be fore mydnyght + Of a dragon he had syght, + That grysly wase to {fond}; + He had hym nowght to were, 525 + But hys schyld and hys spere, f. 85a. + That wase in~ hys squyer{es} hond. + + [Linenote: + 524. _fond_] _syght_ MS.] + +[Headnote: A DRAGON ATTACKS TORRENT.] + +(47) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent prays to Christ to be his help.] + + Torrent knelyd on hys kne, + To I{es}u Cryst p{ra}yd he: + ‘Lord, mykyƚƚ of myght, 530 + Syne I wase in~ meche care, + Let me nevuyr~ owt of {t}hys world far~, + Tyƚƚ I haue take o{rd}er of knyght. + Ase I ame falsely hether~ sent, + Wyld-som weyes haue I went, 535 + W{i}t{h} fynd{es} for to fyght. + Now, I{es}u, for thy holy name, + Ase I ame but man~ a-lone, + Than~ be my helpe to nyght!’ + + [Linenotes: + 532. _thys_] _hys_ (!) MS. + 533. _haue_] _or_ add. (!) MS. + _order_] _othere_ (!) MS.] + +(48) + + [Sidenote: + The Dragon’s tail is 7 yards long,] + + Ase Torrent I{es}u gan~ p{ra}y, 540 + He herd the dragon~, ther he lay + Vndyr-nethe a clo{w}; + Of an{d} on he wase stronge, + Hys tayle wase VII yerd{es} long, + That aftyr hyme he dr{o}we; 545 + Hys wyngg{es} wase long and wyght, + To the chyld he toke a flyght + W{i}t{h} an howge sw{ow}e; + Had he nether~ schyld ne spere, + But p{ra}yd to god, he schold hyme were, 550 + For he wase in dred i-nowe. + + [Linenotes: + 542. _clow_] _colod_ or _colvd_, _l_ corrected from _d_, MS. + 543. _and_] _an_ MS. + 545. _drewe_ MS. + 548. _swowe_] _swayne_ (!) MS. + 551. _inowthe_ MS.] + +(49) + + [Sidenote: + and has a fiery head on it. Torrent cuts 4 ells off the Dragon’s + tail;] + + On the tayle an hed ther~ wase, + That byrnyd Bryght as anny glase, f. 85b. + In fyer whan {yt} was dyght; + A-bowght the schyld he lappyd yt ther~, 555 + Torrent the bowght a-sondyr schere + Thurrow the g{ra}ce of god almyght. + As the boke of Rome telly{s}, + Of hys taylle he cut IIII ell{es} + W{i}t{h} hys swerd so bryght. 560 + Than cryed the lothely thyng, + That aƚƚ the daƚƚ be-gan to Ryng, + That hard the gyant wyght. + + [Linenotes: + 554. _yt_] _he_ MS. + 558. _Tellys_] _tellythe_ MS. + 563. _That the gyant hard wyght_ MS.] + + [[f. 85b. _Text has anomalous “fol.”_]] + +[Headnote: TORRENT KILLS THE DRAGON.] + +(50) + + [Sidenote: + and while its Giant-owner is getting ready to help it,] + + The gyant seyd: ‘I vndyrstond, + There ys sum crystyn~ man~ nere hond, 565 + My dragon here I cry. + By hym, that schope bothe watyr~ and lond, + Aƚƚ that I can se be-fore me stond, + Dere schaƚƚ they a-bye! + Me thynkythe, I here my dragon~ schowt, 570 + I deme, ther be svme dowghtty man~ hym a-bowght, + I trow, to long I ly. + Yf I dweƚƚ in my pyƚƚ of ston~, + And my cheff-fost{er} were gone, + A false mayst{er} were I!’ 575 + + [Linenote: + 574. _foster_] _st_ corr. out of _t_.] + +(51) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent kills it. Torrent’s Squire] + + Be the gyant wase Redy dyght, + Torrent had slayne the dragon~ Ryght; + Thus gan god hyme scheld. + To the mownteyne he toke the wey + To Rest hyme, aƚƚ that day, 580 + He had myst{er}, to be kyld. + Tyƚƚ the day be-gan to spryng, f. 87a.[T1] + Fowllys gan myrre to syng + Bothe in~ frethe and in feld. + Leve we now of Torrent th{o}re 585 + And speke we of thys squyer~ more: + I{es}u hys sole fro heƚƚ shyld! + + [Linenotes: + 581. _kyllyd_ MS. + 585. _there_ MS.] + + [Footnote T1: There is no f. 86 in the paging of the MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT’S SQUIRE IS MET BY A GIANT.] + +(52) + + [Sidenote: + rides all night in a wood,] + + Hys squyer~ Rod aƚƚ nyght + In a wod, that wase fuƚƚ tyght, + W{i}t{h} meche care and gret fare, 590 + For to seke hys lord Torrent, + That wy{ght}ly wase frome hyme sent, + And he wyst nevyr~ whethyr ne wh{a}r~. + He Durst neuyr~ cry ne schuot, + For wy{l}d best{es} were hym a-bowght 595 + In~ the holtt{es} h{a}re; + A lyty{l} whyƚƚ be-fore the day + He toke in~ to a Ryde-wey + Hyme self to meche care. + + [Linenotes: + 592. _wysly_ MS. + 593. _wher_ MS. + 595. _wyld_] _wyd_ MS. + 596. _hore_ MS. + 597. _lyty_ MS.] + +(53) + + [Sidenote: + till he finds a highway,] + + Forthe he Rod, I vndyrstond, 600 + Tyƚƚ he an hey wey fond, + W{i}t{h}-owtyn~ any Del{ite}, + Also fast ase he myght fare, + Fore berrys and apys, þ{a}t ther w{a}re, + Lest they wold hym byght. 605 + The sone a-Rose and schone bryght, + Of a castyƚƚ he had a syght, + That wase bothe feyer~ and whyte . . . . + + [Linenotes: + 602. _Delite_] _delay_ MS. + 604. _were_ MS.] + +(54) + + [Sidenote: + and is met by a Giant. The Giant cuts Torrent’s Squire into 4 + quarters.] + + The gyant h{i}m se, & ny yed, + And seyd: ‘Fellow, so god me sped, 610 + Thow art welcom to me: f. 87b. + What dost thow here in my forest?’ + ‘Lord, to seke an hawkys nest, + Yff yt yow{r} wyl be.’ + ‘The be-hovythe to ley a wede.’ 615 + To an oke he hym led: + Gret Ruthe yt wase to se. + In IIII q{uar}ter{es} he hym dr{o}we, + And eu{er}y quarter vppon a bowe; + Lord, soche weys toke hee! 620 + + [Linenotes: + 609. _hem_ MS. + 618. _drewe_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS ATTACKT BY THE GIANT ROCHENSE.] + +(55) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent finds these,] + + Ase Torrent in~ the movnteyn~ dyd ly, + Hym thowght, he hard a Reufuƚƚ cry; + Gret fere ther hyme thowght. + ‘Seynt Marre,’ seyd the chyld so f{re}, + ‘Wher euyr~ my jentyƚƚ squyer~ myght be, 625 + That I w{i}t{h} me to wod browght? + On he dyd hys harnes a-geyne + And worthe on hys sted, s{er}teyne, + And thetherward he sowght. + And wot yow wyƚƚ, I vndyrstond, 630 + In fowre quartyr{es} he hym fownd, + For other wyse wase yt nowght. + + [Linenotes: + 624. _fre_] _fer_ MS. + 630. _wot_] _w_ add. (!) MS.] + +(56) + + [Sidenote: + and is attackt by this giant Rochense.] + + The gyant lenyd to a tre + And be-hyld Torrent so free, + For sothe, ase {I} yow seye. 635 + Thys fend wase ferly to fyght, + Rochense, seythe the boke, he hyght, + Ther wase a dredfuƚƚ fraye. + To the chyld than~ gan he smyght: + ‘A theff, yeld the asttyt, 640 + As fast as thow may!’ f. 88a. + ‘What,’ seyd Torrent, ‘art thow wood? + God, that Dyed on the Rood, + Geff the evyƚƚ happe thys day!’ + + [Linenote: + 635. _I_] om. MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT FIGHTS THE GIANT ROCHENSE.] + +(57) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent’s steed is kild. He drives the Giant back] + + He Rawght Torrent soche a Rowght, 645 + Hys stedd{es} brayne he smot owte, + So mykyƚƚ he be-gan~. + Torrent tho a good sped + Ase fast a-bowte an eche {yede}; + Ase swefte ase he myght, {he} R{a}n. 650 + He gathyred svm of hys gere, + Bothe hys schyld and hys spere; + Nere hym yod he than~. + Bacward than be a browȝ + Twenty fote he gard hyme goo, 655 + Thus erthe on hym he wane. + + [Linenotes: + 649. _yede_] _went_ MS. + 650. _he Ran_] _Ryne_ MS.] + +(58) + + [Sidenote: + into a deep glen, where he stands in water.] + + Yt solasyd Torrant th{e}n~, + When he sawe hyme bacward r{e}n + Downe be a movnteyn~ of Perowne, + Stomlyng thurrow frythe and fen~, 660 + Tyƚƚ he com to a depe {glen}, + Ther myght non hym s{t}ere. + Torrent wase glad and folowyd fast, + And hys spere on hyme he brast, + Good Adyloke yed hyme nere. 665 + The fynd in~ the watyr stod, + He fawte a-geyn, ase he were wod, + Aƚƚ þe day in~ fere. + + [Linenotes: + 657. _than_ MS. + 658. _ren_] _Rond_ (!) MS. + 661. _glen_] _thorne_ MS. + 662. _stere_] _schere_ MS. + 668. _þe_] _the_ add. (!) MS.] + +(59) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent prays God for help. Jesus freshens up Torrent.] + + Tho nere hond wase the day gone, f. 88b. + Torrent wase so werry than~ 670 + That on hys kne he kneld: + ‘Helpe, god, that aƚƚ may! + Desoneƚƚ, haue good day!’ + Fro hym he cest hys schyld. + I{es}u wold not, he were slayne, 675 + To hym he sent a schowyr~ of Rayne, + Torrent fuƚƚ wyƚƚ yt keld. + The fynd saw, he wase ny mate, + Owt of the watyr he toke the gate, + He thowght to wyne the fyld. 680 + + [Linenotes: + 671. _knelyd he_ MS. + 677. _kelyd_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT SLAYS THE GIANT ROCHENSE.] + +(60) + + [Sidenote: + The Giant attacks again. Torrent runs him thro’ the heart, cuts his + head off,] + + Thoo wase Torrent ffresse and good; + Nere the fynd sore he stod, + Cryst hym saue and see! + The fynd fawt w{i}t{h} an yron~ staff, + The fyrst stroke, to hym he gaffe, 685 + He brast hys schyld on thre. + Torrent vndyr hys staff Rane, + To the hart he baryd hym than~, + And lothely cry gane he. + To the g{r}ownd he feƚƚ ase tyght, 690 + And Torrent gan hys hed of-smyght, + And thus he wynnythe the gre. + + [Linenote: + 690. _gownd_ MS.] + +(61) + + [Sidenote: + finds him 24 ft. long, and goes to his Castle.] + + Torrent knelyd on the grownd + And thankyd god þ{a}t ylke stownd, + That soche g{ra}ce hyme send. 695 + Thus II journeys in thys woo + W{i}t{h} hys hand{es} slow {he} gyantys too, + That meny a man~ hathe schent. f. 89a. + Torrent forthe frome hyme þan yod, + And met hyme XXIIII fotte, 700 + Ther he lay on the bent. + Hedles he left hym there, + Howt of the fyld the hed he bare + And to the casteƚƚ he went.] + + [Linenote: + 697. _he_] _II_ MS.] + +[Headnote: THE SWORD AND STEED OF GIANT ROCHENSE.] + +(62) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent goes to the Giant’s Castle, and finds a splendid sword,] + + To thys casteƚƚ he gan far~; 705 + Ther fond he armor~ and other~ g{a}re, + A swerd, that wase bryght. + To the towre he toke the wey, + Ther the gyant{es} bed lay, + That Rychyly wase dyght. 710 + At the bedd{es} hed he fond + A swerd, worthe an Erllys lond, + That meche wase of myght. + On the pomeƚƚ yt wase wret, + Fro a prynce yt wase get, 715 + Mownpolyardn{us} he hyght. + + [Linenote: + 706. _gere_ MS.] + +(63) + + [Sidenote: + and a noble white steed. With the heads of the Giant and Dragon, + Torrent] + + The sarten {to sey} w{i}t{h}-owt lese, + A scheff-chambyr~ he hym ches, + Tyƚƚ on the morrow day. + To the stabuƚƚ tho he y{e}d, 720 + There he fond a nobyƚƚ sted, + Wase comely whyt and grey. + The gyantt{es} hed gan he take, + And the dragonnys wold he not forsake, + And went forthe on hys wey. 725 + He left mor~ good in that sale + Than wase w{i}t{h} in~ aƚƚ Portynggaƚƚ, f. 89b. + Ther ase the gyant laye. + + [Linenotes: + 717. _to sey_] om. MS. + 718. _he_] _sche_ MS. + _chesys_ (!) MS. + 720. _yod_ MS.] + +(64) + + [Sidenote: + rides back to Portugal. Torrent gives the King the Giant’s and + Dragon’s heads instead of a Falcon,] + + Tho he Rod bothe Day and nyght, + Tyƚƚ he come to a casteƚƚ bryght, 730 + Ther ys lord gan dweƚƚ. + The kyng ys gone to the gate, + Torrent on kne he fond ther at, + Schort taƚƚ for to teƚƚ. + ‘Haue thow thys in~ thyn~ hond: 735 + No nother hawkys ther I fond + At Mawdlenys weƚƚ.’ + The kyng {quod}: ‘Ase so haue I blyse, + Torrent, I trow, sy{bb}e ys + To the deweƚƚ of heƚƚ! . . . . 740 + + [Linenotes: + 738. _quod_] om. (!) MS. + 739. _sybbe_] _sylke_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS LOVED BY DESONELL.] + +(65) + + [Sidenote: + and says the Giant Rochense was Slogus of Fuolles.] + + ‘Here be syd dwellythe won on lond, + Ther ys no knyght, {hy}s dynt may stond, + So stronge he ys {in dede}!’ + ‘Syr~,’ he sayd, ‘fore sen Iame, + What ys the gyant{es} name, 745 + So Euyr good me sped?’ + ‘Syr~,’ he seyd, ‘so mvt I the, + Slogus of Fu{o}ll{es}, thus hyte hee, + That wyt ys vndyr wede.’ . . . . . . + + [Linenotes: + 742. _knyght hys_] _knyghtes_ MS. + 743. _in d._] _on grond_ MS.] + +(66) + + [Sidenote: + Desonell gives her heart to Torrent.] + + Lytyƚƚ and mykyƚƚ, lese and more, 750 + Wondyr on the hedd{es} thore, + That Torrent had browght whome. + {The} Lord{es} seyd ‘Be sen Myheƚƚ! + Syr kyng, but ye love hyme wyƚƚ, + To yow yt ys gret schame!’ 755 + Torent ordeynyd pryst{es} fyve, f. 90a. + To syng for hys squyerys lyve, + And menythe hym by name. + Therfor~ the lady whyt ase swane + To Torrant, here lord, sche went than~, 760 + Here hert wase to hyme tane. + + [Linenotes: + 752. _browght_] _ho_ add. (!) MS. + 753. _The_] om. MS. + _seyd_] _he_ add. MS. + _Myhell{e}_] _my her_, _r_ corrected to _lle_ with paler ink. + 756. _prystes_] V add. (!) MS.] + +[Headnote: A PRINCE OF ARAGON WANTS TO WED DESONELL.] + +(67) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Aragon asks for Desonell for his youngest Son.] + + Lettyrr{es} come ther w{ithalle} + To the kyng of Portynggaƚƚ, + To ax hys dowghttyr Derre, + Fro the kyng of Eragon~, 765 + To wed her~ to hys yongeest son~, + The lady, that ys so clere. + For Torrent schuld not her~ haue, + {For} hyme fyrst he here gafe, + To the messenger~, 770 + And hys {way} fast ageyn dyd pase, + Whyle Torrent an huntyng wase, + Ther of schuld he not be w{e}re. + + [Linenotes: + 762. _ther withalle_] _hetherward_ MS. + 769. _For_] _To_ MS. + 771. _way_] om. MS. + 773. _ware_ MS.] + +(68) + + [Sidenote: + The Queen of Portugal wishes Torrent to have her.] + + On a mornyng, ther ase he lay, + The kyng to the quene gan sey: 775 + ‘Madame, for cherryte, + Thow art oftyn~ hold wyse; + Now woƚƚ ye teƚƚ me yow{r} deuyce, + How I may governe me: + The Ryche kyng hathe to me sent, 780 + For to aske my dowghttyr gente + That ys so feyer~ and fre.’ + ‘Syr,’ sche Seyd, ‘so god me saue, + I Red yow let Torent her haue, f. 90b. + For best worthy ys he.’ 785 + + [Linenotes: + 775. _The (quene to the) kyng to the quene gan sey_ MS. + 779. _That how_ MS. + 781. _aske_] _aseke_ MS.] + +(69) + + [Sidenote: + The King refuses.] + + He sayd: ‘Madame, were that feyer~, + To make an erll{es} sone myn Eyer~? + I wiƚƚ not, by sen Iame! + There he hathe done maystr{es} thre, + Yt ys {hys} swerd, yt ys not he, 790 + For Hatheloke ys ys name.’ + ‘Lord, he myght fuƚƚ wyƚƚ sped, + A knyght{es} dowghttyr wase hyme bed, + Ase whyt ase wall{es} b{a}ne; + And yf ye warne hyme Desoneƚƚ, 795 + A{ll} that ther of here teƚƚ, + Ther of wyƚƚ speke schame.’ + + [Linenotes: + 790. _hys_] om. MS. + 794. _swalles_ (!) MS. + _bone_ MS. + 796. _All_] _And_ MS.] + +[Headnote: THE KING OF PORTUGAL’S TREACHERY TO TORRENT.] + +(70) + + [Sidenote: + The false King of Portugal plots to have Torrent kild by another + Giant.] + + ‘Madam, vnto thys tyd + There lythe a gyant here be-syd, + That many a man~ hathe slayne. 800 + I schaƚƚ hyght hym my dowghttyr~ dere, + To fyght w{i}t{h} that fynd{es} fere, + Thus he holdythe hyme in~ trayne. + But I schaƚƚ make myn com{m}nant so, + That there schaƚƚ non w{i}t{h} hyme go, 805 + {Neyther} squyer~ ne swayne.’ + ‘Syr~,’ sche seyd, ‘so mvt I the, + So sore be-stad hathe he be, + And wyƚƚ co{m}myn~ a-geyne!’ + + [Linenote: + 806. _Neyther_] om. MS.] + +(71) + + [Sidenote: + He and his Queen go to Mass. Torrent sits at the head of a side + table.] + + Tho the bell{es} be-gan to Ryng, 810 + Vpe Rose that Ryche kyng, + And the lady {so fre}, + And aftyr-ward they went to mase, f. 91a. + Ase the law of holy chyrge wase, + W{i}t{h} n{o}t{es} and solemnyte. 815 + Trompettys on the waƚƚ gan blowe, + Knyght{es} semlyd on a Rowe, + Gret joy wase to see. + Torrent a syd bord began~, + The squyer{es} nexte hym than, 820 + That good knyght{es} schuld be. + + [Linenotes: + 812. _so fre_] _in feree_ MS. + 815. _nettes_ (!) MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT AGREES TO FIGHT FOR DESONELL.] + +(72) + + [Sidenote: + The King asks Torrent if he’ll do a deed of arms for Desonell.] + + Ase they sat a-mydd{es} the mete, + The kyng wold not foreget; + To Torrent the kyng gan sey, + He seyd: ‘Torrent, so god me saue, 825 + Thow wold{es} fayne my dowghttyr haue + And hast lovyd her~ many a day.’ + ‘Ye, be trouthe,’ seyd Torrent than~, + ‘And yf þ{a}t I were a Ryche man~, + Ryght gladly, p{ar} ma fay!’ 830 + ‘Yf thow durst for her sake + A poynt of armys vndyrtake, + Thow broke her~ weƚƚ fore ay!’ + + [Linenotes: + 822. _a_] so F. III; _the_ MS. + 825. _saue_] so F. III; _sped_ MS. + 830. _gladly_] so F. III; _glad_ MS. + 831. _for h. s._] so F. III; _par ma fay_ MS. + 833. _broke_] so F. III; _breke_ MS.] + +(73) + + [Sidenote: + ‘Yes,’ says Torrent.] + + ‘Ye,’ seyd Torrent, ‘ar I ga, + Sekyrnes ye schaƚƚ me ma 835 + Of yow{r} dowghttyr hend, + And aftyrward my ryghtys, + Be-fore XXVII knyght{es}.’ . . . . . . + And aƚƚ were Torrent{es} frende. + ‘Now, good s{er}is,’ gan Torrant sey, f. 91b. 840 + ‘Bere wittnes her of som Daye, + A-geyne yf god me send!’ + + [Linenotes: + 834. _go_ F. III; _gan Rage_ MS. + 835. _make_ MS. + 839. _frenddes_ MS.] + +(74) + + [Sidenote: + ‘Then go to Calabria, and fight the Giant Slochys.’] + + Torrent seyd: ‘So mvt I the + Wyst I, where my jorney schold {be}, + Thether I wolde me dyght.’ 845 + The kyng gaff hyme an answere: + ‘In the lond of Calabur ther~ + Wonnythe a gyant wyhte, + And he ys bothe strong and bold, + Slochys he hyght, I the told, 850 + God send the that waye Ryght!’ + Than quod Torrent: ‘Haue goo{d} day, + And, or I come a-geyn~, I schaƚƚ asay, + Whether the fynd can fyght.’ + + [Linenotes: + 844. _be_] om. MS. + 845. _wolde_] so F. III; om. MS. + 848. _wyhte_] so F. III; _whyte_ MS. + 851. _that w._] so F. III; _ways_ MS. + 852. _good_] _goo_ MS. + 853. Space left here for an initial letter of the largest size + in MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT STARTS TO FIGHT THE GIANT SLOCHYS.] + +(75) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent takes leave of Desonell, starts,] + + Tho wold he no lenger~ a-byde, 855 + He toke ys wey for to Ry{de} + On a sted of gret valewe. + In to a chambyr~ he g{as}, + Hys leue of Desoneƚƚ he t{as}, + Sche wepte, aƚƚ men myght Rewe; 860 + He seyd: ‘Lady, be styƚƚ! + I schaƚƚ come a-geyn th{e} tyƚƚ, + Thurrow helpe of Marry trewe.’ + Thus he worthe on a stede. + In hys wey Cryst hyme sped, 865 + Fore he yt no thyng knewe! + + [Linenotes: + 856. _Ryde_] _ryght_ MS. + 858. _gas_] _gothe_ MS. + 859. _tas_] _toke_ MS. + 862. _the_] _than_ MS.] + +(76) + + [Sidenote: + and rides to the Castle of the King of Provyns.] + + He toke hym a Redy wey, + Thurrow P{er}vy{n}s he toke the wey, + As hys Iorney feƚƚ. f. 91a.[T2] + Tyƚƚ the casteƚƚ Be the See, 870 + An hy stret heldythe hee, + Ther the kyng {dyd} dwell{e}. + To the porter he gan seye: + ‘Wynd in~, fellow, I the p{ra}y, + And thy lord than t{e}ƚƚ, 875 + P{ra}y hym, on won nyght in~ hys sale + To harburrow Torrent of Portynggaƚƚ, + Yf y{t} Bee ys wiƚƚ!’ + + [Linenotes: + 868. _pvys_ MS. + 871. _And_ MS. + 872. _dyd dw._] _dwellyd_ MS. + 875. _tyll_ MS. + 878. _Yf ys wille to Bee_ MS.] + + [Footnote T2: There are two folios 91 in the MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT A GUEST OF THE KING OF PROVYNS.] + +(77) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Provyns welcomes Torrent, and] + + The porter~ Dyd hys com{m}andment, + To the kynge he ys wente 880 + And knelyd vppon~ ys kne: + ‘God blyse þe, lord, In thy sale! + Torrent of Portynggale + Thus sendythe me to the; + He p{ra}ythe yow, yf ye myght, 885 + To harburrow hym thys won~ nyght, + Yf yow{r} wiƚƚ yt bee.’ + The kyng swere be hym, þ{a}t dyed on tre: + ‘There ys no man~ in~ crystyante + More welcome to me!’ 890 + +(78) + + [Sidenote: + feeds him. Torrent’s sword is his only Squire.] + + The kyng a-Rose and to the gat yod, + Lord{es} and other~ knyg{htes} good, + That were glad of hys com{m}yng. + In to the hale he hyme browght, + Ryche met spare they nowght, 895 + Be-fore Torrent fore to bryng. + ‘Syr,’ sayd the kyng, ‘I p{ra}y the, f. 91b. + Where be thy men off armys free, + That w{i}t{h} the schuld {leng}?’ + ‘Syr, to a lord I mvst Ryde, 900 + My squyer hongythe be my syde, + No man schaƚƚ w{i}t{h} me wend.’ + + [Linenotes: + 892. _knyges_ MS. + 899. _leng_] _wynd_ MS.] + +(79) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent says he has to fight in Calabria.] + + ‘S{yr},’ seyd the kyng, ‘I p{ra}y the, + Where schaƚƚ thy ded of armys bee, + Yf yt be thy wyƚƚ?’ 905 + ‘S{yr},’ he seyd, ‘vttyrly, + At Calabur, sekyrly, + I ame aƚƚ Redy ther tyƚƚ + W{i}t{h} a squyer, þ{a}t wiƚƚ can Ryde; + Fast be the see Sydde 910 + Schuld we pley ow{ur} fyle; + And wot ye wyƚƚ and vndyrstond, + Ther schaƚƚ no knyght come nere hond + Fore dred of dentt{es} yƚƚ.’ + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS OFFERD A PRINCESS OF PROVYNS.] + +(80) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Provyns warns him against the terrible Giant there,] + + The kynge seyd: ‘Be godd{es} ore, 915 + I Rede, þ{a}t þ{ou} come not th{o}re, + Fore why, I wyƚƚ the seye: + Meche folke of that contre + Come hether~ for~ sokor~ of me, + Bothe be nyght and day; 920 + There ys a gyant of gret Renowne, + He dystrowythe bothe sete and towyn~ + And aƚƚ þ{a}t euyr~ he may; + And ase the boke of Rome dothe teƚƚ, + He wase get of the deweƚƚ of heƚƚ, 925 + As hys moder on slepe lay.’ + + [Linenotes: + 915. _kynges_ (!) MS. + 916. _there_ MS. + 922. _sete_] second _e_ corr. out of _a_ MS.] + +(81) + + [Sidenote: + and offers him his Daughter and 2 Duchies instead. Torrent says he + must keep his troth.] + + The kyng Seyd: ‘Be seynt Adryan~, f. 92a. + I Rede, a nother Jentyƚƚ mane + Be there and haue the gre: + I haue a dowghttyr, þ{a}t ys me dere, 930 + Thow schalt here wed to thy fere, + And, yf yt thy wyll be, + Two duchyes in {l}onde + I wille geve here in~ hande.’ + ‘G{ra}marcy, syr,’ sayd he, 935 + ‘W{i}t{h} my tonge so haue I wrowght, + To breke my day than wiƚƚ I nowght, + Nedys me behovythe ther to bee.’ + + [Linenotes: + 929. _the_] so F. IV; om. MS. + _degre_ MS. + 932. So F. IV; om. (!) MS. + 933. _londe_] _honde_ F. IV; om. MS. + 935. _syr s. h._] so F. IV; _seyd he thane_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT ARRIVES IN CALABRIA.] + +(82) + + [Sidenote: + He starts,] + + ‘In godd{es} name,’ the kyng gane sayne, + ‘I{es}u send the wiƚƚ a-geyne, 940 + Lord so mekyƚƚ of myghte!’ + Menstrell{es} was them a-monge, + Trompett{es}, harpys, and myrre songe, + Delycyous nottis on hyght. + When tyme was, to bed they wente; 945 + On the morrow Rose Torrente + And toke leve of kyng and knyght + And toke a Redy weyye, + Be a see syd as yt laye, + God send hym gatt{es} Ryght! 950 + + [Linenotes: + 947. _of_] so F. IV; _on_ MS. + 948. _toke_] so F. IV; _to_ MS.] + +(83) + + [Sidenote: + reaches Calabria, and hears of the Giant.] + + A hye stret hathe he nome, + In to Calabur he ys come + W{i}t{h} in~ to days ore III; + Soo come ther~ folk{es} hym a-geyne, + Fast folloyng w{i}t{h} cart and wayne, 955 + Fro-ward the sytte. + ‘Dere god!’ seyd Torrent nowe, + ‘Leve folk{es}, what Eyllythe yow, + Soo fast fore to flee?’ + ‘There ys a gyante here be-syde, 960 + In ale thys covntre fare and wyde + No mane on lyve levythe hee.’ f. 92b. + + [Linenotes: + 951. _nome_] so F. V; _none_ MS. + 952. _come_] so F. V; _gone_ MS. + 958. _yow_] _nowe_ add. (!) MS.] + +(84) + + [Sidenote: + The Giant Slongus is in Hungary;] + + ‘Dere god,’ sayd Torrant thane, + ‘Where schaƚƚ I fynd that lo{th}ly man~?’ + Ther they answerd hym anone: 965 + ‘In a castyƚƚ be-syd the see, + Slongus, soo hyght hee, + Many a man had he slone. + We wot wiƚƚ wher he doth ly: + Be-fore the cyte of Hungry; 970 + He wiƚƚ not th{en}s gone, + Tyƚƚ he haue the Ryche kyng~ + To hys p{re}sone for to bryngg, + To be lord of hyme self a-lone.’ + + [Linenotes: + 964. _lothly_] so Hall.; _lovely_ MS. + 965. _anone_] so F. V; _a geyne_ MS. + 968. _slone_] so F. V; _slaylne_ (!) MS. + 969. _doth ly_] so F. V; _ys_ MS. + 970. _cyte_] so F. V; _knyghthod_ MS. + _Hungry_] so F. V; _Hongrys_ MS. + 971. _thens_] _thus_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT FINDS THE GIANT SLONGUS IN HUNGARY.] + +(85) + + [Sidenote: + he has broken the City gates, and slain 50 men.] + + Tho wold he no lenger~ a-byd, 975 + But to the sytte gan he Ryde, + As fast as he myght fare; + Here barys feƚƚ and broke downe, + And the gatt{es} of gret Renowne + Stondyng~ aƚƚ baree. 980 + Men of armys stond hyme a-geyne, + Mo than fyfty had he slayne + W{i}t{h} gryme woundd{es} and sare. + When Torrent of hym had a syght, + Thowe Desoneƚƚ be neuyr~ so bryght, 985 + He will Reue hym hys chaff{a}r~. + + [Linenote: + 986. _hym_] _m_ corr. out of _s_. MS. + _chaffer_ MS.] + +(86) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent prays to Christ for help.] + + Torrent in~ the storrope stod + And p{ra}yd to god, þ{a}t dyed on Rode: + ‘Lord, ase thow schalt ale wyld at wyle, + Gyff me g{ra}ce to wyn the fyld, 990 + That thys {lothly} fynd hym yeld + A-non to me tyƚƚ! + A man schaƚƚ But onnys Dyee, f. 93a. + I wiƚƚ fyght, whiƚƚ I may Dryee.’ + He mad cher~ nobyƚƚ. 995 + When he had I{es}u p{ra}yd of g{ra}ce, + He wyscheyd hyme a batteƚƚ plase, + Ther as hym lyst we{ll}e. + + [Linenotes: + 990. _wynd_ (!) MS. _vndyr nethe spere and schyld_ add. (!) MS. + 991. _lothly_] om. MS. + 995. _nobill chere_ MS. + 998. _welle_] _were_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT CHALLENGES THE GIANT SLONGUS.] + +(87) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent blows his horn. The Giant Slongus, of Flonthus,] + + Torrent hys spere a-say be-gane, + Bothe schyld and spere than~, 1000 + That they were sekyr and good. + Aftyr þ{a}t, w{i}t{h} in a throwe, + Hys good horne gane he blowe. + The gyant sawe, wher~ he stodde: + Slong{es} of Flonthus staryd than~; 1005 + Quod Torrent: ‘Yf thow be a gentyƚƚ man~ + Or come of gentyƚƚ blod, + Let thy beytyng and thy Ermyght be, + And come prove thy strenghe on me, + Therfor I sowght the, be the Rodde.’ 1010 + + [Linenote: + 1008. _Let be thy b. a. t. erm._ MS.] + +(88) + + [Sidenote: + says he’ll wring Torrent’s nose. His Crook is 13 ft. long.] + + The gyant sayd: ‘Be the Roode, + Deweƚƚ of heƚƚ send the fode, + Hether to seche me: + By the nose I schaƚƚ the wryng, + Thow berdles gadlyng~, 1015 + That aƚƚ heƚƚ schaƚƚ thow see!’ + The wey than to hym he toke + And on hys bake he bare a croke, + Wase X fot long and thre; + And thow he neu{er} so gret w{a}r~, 1020 + Torrent thowght not fare to fare, + Tyƚƚ wone of them ded bee. f. 93b. + + [Linenotes: + 1011. _sayd_] written above the line. + 1017. _he_] so F. VI; om. MS. + 1018. _he_] _her_ MS. + _croke_] so F. VI; _creke_ (!) MS. + 1020. _were_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT SLAYS THE GIANT SLONGUS OF FLONTHUS.] + +(89) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent charges, pierces the Giant’s eye,] + + Thoo wold Torrent no lenger~ byd, + Tyƚƚ the theff gan he Ryde, + Ase fast ase euyr~ he may. 1025 + The theff had non ey but on~, + Soche sawe I neu{er} none, + {Ne}yther~ be nyght {nor} be day. + Thurrow godd{es} helpe and sent Awsden~ + The spere {throw ye and herne gan ren}. 1030 + God send hym the Ryght wey; + Than the theff be-gane to Rore. + Aƚƚ that in~ the sytte wore, + Ouyr~ the wallys they laye. + + [Linenotes: + 1024. _the_] _f_ add. (!) MS. + 1028. _Blyther_ (!) MS. + _nor_] so F. VI; _and_ MS. + 1030. _throw--ren_] _anon he toke to hym_ MS. + 1033. _wore_] so F. VI; _were_ MS.] + +(90) + + [Sidenote: + then spears him thro’ the body,] + + Thow the fynd{es} ey were owte, 1035 + Fast he leyd hym a-bowte + Aƚƚ þ{a}t somyrr{es} nyght; + He set ys backe to an hyƚƚ, + That Torrent schuld not come hym tyƚƚ, + So meche þ{a}t theff covd of fyght. 1040 + He bled so sore, I vndyrstond, + Hys croke feƚƚ owt of hys hond, + Hys dethe to hyme ys dyght. + Torrent to hyme Rane w{i}t{h} a spere, + Thurrow the body he gan hym bere, 1045 + Thus helpe hym god of myght. + + [Linenote: + 1040. _þat_] þe add. MS.] + + [[_Printed þ with superscript e_]] + +(91) + + [Sidenote: + and kills him. Torrent preserves the Giant’s head.] + + Aƚƚ that in~ the sytte were, + Mad fuƚƚ nobiƚƚ chere, + That thys fynd wase Dedde. + Forthe they Ran w{i}t{h} stavys of tre, f. 94a. 1050 + Torrent seyd: ‘So mvt I the, + Kepe hole hys hed! + Yf yt be broke, so god me sped, + Yt ys wyƚƚ the worse to lede.’ + They dyd ase {he} h{e}m b{e}d{e}, 1055 + Mo than thre hunderd on a throng + Yt ys solas Euyr~ a-mong + Whan that he was dede. + + [Linenotes: + 1047. _That alle_ MS. + 1054. _lede_] _Rede_, struck out and _lede_ added in paler ink. + 1055. _That seson they_ MS. + _he hem_] _hyme_ (!) MS. + _bede_] _bad_ MS. + 1057 _put before_ 1056 MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT GOES TO THE CASTLE OF GIANT SLONGUS.] + + [[Linenote 1056-57: _“MS” printed in italics_]] + +(92) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Calabria feasts him,] + + Than~ the kyng of Calaber ayen~ hym went, + Torrent be the hond he hent, 1060 + To the haƚƚ he gan~ hym lede + And comaundid squiers t{w}o, + Of h{ys} harnes for to do + And cloth hym~ in another wede. + Waytes on the waƚƚ gan blowe, 1065 + Knyghtis assemled on a Rowe, + And sith to the deyse they yede; + ‘Sir,’ quod the kyng, ‘of whens are ye?’ + ‘Of Portingale, sir,’ said he, + ‘I com heder, to sech my de{de}.’ 1070 + + [Linenotes: + 1062. _two_] _tho_ MS. + 1063. _hys_] _her_ MS. + 1070. _deth_ MS.] + +(93) + + [Sidenote: + and takes him to the Giant’s Castle. The King of Calabria gives + Torrent the Giant’s castle,] + + Fuƚƚ curtesly the kyng gan say + {To} Torrent on the oþ{ur}e day: + ‘Wyƚƚ ye wend with me + A lituƚƚ here be-side to passe, + There as the Geaunt{es} dwelling was 1075 + His man{er} now for to see?’ + To the casteƚƚ gan~ they gone, + Richer saw they never none, + Better myght none be. + ‘Sir,’ he said, ‘be god aƚƚ-myȝt~, 1080 + For thou hym~ slew, þat it dight, + I vouche it saue on the, + + [Linenotes: + 1072. _To T._] _Torrent said_ MS. + 1081. _it_] _is_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT HEARS THAT DESONELL IS TO WED A KING.] + +(94) + + [Sidenote: + and an Earldom. The Castle’s name is Cardon.] + + ‘I yeve {yt} the, s{ir}, of my {h}ond, f. 94b. + And there-to, an erledome of {my} lond, + For soth, ye shaƚƚ it haue; 1085 + Omage thou shalte none {nor} ffyne, + But euer more to the and thyne, + Frely, so god me saue!’ + Lordys, and ye liston wold, + What was clepud the riche hold: 1090 + The casteƚƚ of Cardon~, {by sawe}. + Two days or thre dwellith he th{a}re + And sith he takythe {leve} to ffare, + Both at knyght and knave. + + [Linenotes: + 1083. _yt_] om. MS. + _of_] _alle_ add. MS. + _hond_] _lond_ MS. + 1084. _my_] om. MS. + 1086. _nor_] om. MS. + 1091. _by s._] om. MS. + 1092. _there_ MS.] + +(95) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent hears that Desonell is to marry a strange King.] + + By the kyng of P{er}vens he gan gane, 1095 + That he had oute {of preson} i-tane + His son vppon a day. + Gentilmen were blith and ffayn~, + That he in helth was comyn~ agayn~, + That they myght with hym~ play. 1100 + There of herd he, s{er}tayn{le}, + That Desoneƚƚ wedid shold be + With an vncouth Ray. + And listonyth, lordis, of a chaunce, + Howe he lefte his countenaunce 1105 + And takyth hym~ armes gay! + + [Linenotes: + 1098. _leve_] _the way_ MS. + 1096. _of preson_] om. MS. + 1101. _sertayn_ MS. + 1103. _vnc._] _a_ add. MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS KNIGHTED. DESONELL IS MARRIED.] + +(96) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Provyns knights Torrent.] + + By-fore the kyng he feƚƚ on kne: + ‘Good lord,’ he said, ‘for charite, + Yeve me order of knyght! + I wott weƚƚ, leryd are ye, 1110 + My lordys doughter shaƚƚ wed be + To a man~ off myght.’ + ‘Sir,’ he said, ‘I trow, she mone f. 95a. + To the prynce off Aragon~, + By this day sevynnyght. 1115 + Swith,’ he seith, ‘that this be done, + That thou be there and wyn~ thy shone, + Gete the armes bryght.’ + + [Linenotes: + 1110. _ye are leryd_ MS. + 1111. _be wed_ MS. + 1115 and 1118 have changed their place in the MS.] + +(97) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent has an azure shield with a gold squire on it; and a grinning + dragon of gold on the crest of his helmet.] + + Sir Torrent ordenyth hym a sheld, + It was ryche in euery ffeld, 1120 + Listonyth, what he bare: + O{n} aȝure a squier off gold, + Richely bett on mold; + Listonyth, what he ware: + A dragon~ lying hym be-syde, 1125 + His mouth grennyng fuƚƚ wyde, + Aƚƚ ffyghtyng as they were; + The creste, that on his hede shold stond, + Hit was aƚƚ gold shynand, + Thus previd he hym~ there. 1130 + + [Linenote: + 1122. _On_] _of_ MS.] + +(98) + + [Sidenote: + He hears that Desonell’s marriage is certain.] + + Lordys assembelid in sale, + Weƚƚ mo than I haue in tale, + Or ellis gret wonder were. + There herd {he} teƚƚ ffor certan~, + That Desoneƚƚ wed shold be than~, 1135 + That was hym selfe ffuƚƚ dere. + And whan~ he herd of that ffare, + Wors tydingis than were thare, + Might he none gladly here . . . . . . . + + [Linenote: + 1134. _he_] _l_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT CHALLENGES THE PRINCE OF ARAGON.] + +(99) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent rides into the Hall where Desonell is, and challenges any + one to fight him for her.] + + He wold not in passe, 1140 + Tiƚƚ {at} the myd mete was + The kyng and meny a knyght; + As they satt at theyre {mete} glade, + In at the haƚƚ dur {he} rade + In armes ffeyre and bryght, f. 95b. 1145 + With a squier, that is ffre; + Vp to the lady ryduth he, + That rychely was i-dight. + ‘Lordys,’ he said, ‘among you aƚƚ + I chalenge thre coursus in the haƚƚ, 1150 + {Or} Delyuer {her} me with right!’ + + [Linenotes: + 1141. _at_] om. MS. + 1143. _mete_] om. MS. + 1144. _he_] _they_ MS. + 1151. _Delyuer it me_ MS.] + +(100) + + [Sidenote: + The Prince of Aragon accepts,] + + The kyng of Aragon~ sett her bye, + And he defendid her nobely: + ‘I wyƚƚ none delyu{er} the.’ + His son said: ‘So muste I thryve, 1155 + There shaƚƚ no man just for my wiffe; + But yf youre wyƚƚ it be, + For her love did I never no dede, + I shaƚƚ to day, so god me spede: + Be-hold and ye shaƚƚ se.’ 1160 + ‘Alas!’ said Desoneƚƚ the dere, + ‘Fuƚƚ longe may I sitt here, + Or Torrent chalenge me.’ + +(101) + + [Sidenote: + and the lists are made ready. Torrent unhorses the Prince of + Aragon,] + + Trumpett{es} blew in the prese, + Lordys stond on {the grese}, 1165 + Ladyes lay ou{er} and be-held. + The prynce and Torrent th{e}n + Eyther to other gan ren~, + Smertely in that ffeld; + Torrent sett on hym~ so sore, 1170 + That hors and man down~ he bore, + And aƚƚ to-sheverd his sheld. + So they tombelid aƚƚ in ffere, + That afterward of VII yere + The prynce none armes myght weld. 1175 + + [Linenote: + 1165. _the grese_] _reugis_ or _rengis_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT BEATS THE PRINCE OF ARAGON.] + +(102) + + [Sidenote: + and he is carried indoors.] + + Torrent said: ‘So god me saue, + Other two coursus wyƚƚ I haue, f. 96a. + Yf ye do me law of lond.’ + Gret lordys stond styƚƚ, + They said nether good ne yƚƚ 1180 + For tynding of his hond. + The prynce of Aragon~ in they barr~ + With lituƚƚ worshipp and sydes sare, + He had no fote on ffor to stond. + Thus thes lordys justid aye; 1185 + Better {they} had to haue be away, + Suche comffort there he ffond. + + [Linenotes: + 1167. _than_ MS. + 1186. _they_] _he_ MS. + 1187. _ffound_ MS.] + +(103) + + [Sidenote: + At dinner, Torrent lays Slongus’s head on the table.] + + He wold not in passe, + Tiƚƚ they at myd mete was, + On the other day at none. 1190 + His squiers habite he had, + Whan~ he to the deyse yad, + With oute couped shone, + And the hede on~ the bord he laid: + ‘Lo, s{ir} kyng, hold this,’ he said, 1195 + ‘Or ellis wroth we anon~!’ + They sett stiƚƚ at the bord, + None of hem spake one word, + But ryght that he had done. + + [Linenote: + 1198. _They spake nether ylle ne good_ add. (!) MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT CLAIMS DESONELL, AND HALF PORTUGAL.] + +(104) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent proclaims the promise of the King of Portugal to give him + Desonell, and half Portugal, if he slew Slongus.] + + Torrent at the syde bord stode: 1200 + ‘Lystonyth, lordyng{es}, gentiƚƚ of blood, + For the love of god aƚƚ-myght: + The kyng heyght me his doughter dere, + To ffyght with a ffendys ffere, + That wekyd was and wight, 1205 + To wed her to my wyffe, + And halffe his kyngdome be his liffe, + And after his days aƚƚ his ryght. [1209] + Lokyth, lordys, you among, f. 96b. + Whether he do me ryght or wrong!’ 1210 + Tho waried hym~ both kyng & knyght. + + [Linenote: + 1211. _&_] _ky_, struck out, add. MS.] + +(105) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Aragon says his son has wedded Desonell. He will be + revenged on the King of Portugal.] + + Tho said the kyng of Aragon, i-wys: + ‘Torrent, I wiste no thing of thys, + A gret maister arte thou!’ + The kyng sware be seynt Gryffen~: 1215 + ‘With a sword thou shalte her wynne, + Or thou haue her nowe: + For why, my son to her was wed, + Gret lordys to churche her led, [1220] + I take wittnes of aƚƚ you.’ 1220 + ‘Kyng Calamond, haue good day, + Thou shalt i-bye it, and I may, + To god I make avowe.’ + + [Linenote: + 1220. _you alle_ MS.] + +(106) + + [Sidenote: + To settle the quarrel, the Emperor suggests a fight between 2 + Champions.] + + The Emp{er}oure of Rome ther was, + Be-twene thes kyng{es} gan~ he passe 1225 + And said: ‘Lordys, as sone, + This squier, that hath brought this hede, + The kyng had wend he had be dede, + And a-venturly gan~ he gone: [1230] + I rede you take a day of {ryghtes}, 1230 + And do it vppon~ two knyght{es}, + And let no man~ be sl{o}n~!’ + Gret lordys, that were thare, + This talis lovid at that fare + And ordenyd tha{t} anon~. 1235 + + [Linenotes: + 1230. _ryghtes_] _Restys_ MS. + 1232. _slayn_ MS. + 1235. _that_] _than_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS TO FIGHT THE GIANT CATE.] + +(107) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Aragon sends to the giant Cate to fight Torrent] + + To the kyng {the thoght} com~ was, + To send vnto Sathanas + For a geaunt, that hight Cate, + For to make hym~ knyght to his hond [1240] + And sease hym~ in aƚƚ his lond; 1240 + The messingere toke the gate. f. 97a. + Gret othes he sware hym than~, + That he shold ffyght but w{i}t{h} one man~, + And purvey hym he bad + Iryn stavis two or thre, 1245 + For to ffyght with Torent ffre, + Though he there of ne w{a}tt. + + [Linenotes: + 1236. _the thoght_ om. MS. + 1247. _wott_ MS.] + +(108) + + [Sidenote: + on an island for half Portugal.] + + Than take counseƚƚ kyng and knyght, + On lond that he shold not ffyght, [1250] + But ffar oute in the see, 1250 + In an yle long and br{a}d; + A gret payn~ there was made, + That holdyn~ shold it be. + Yf Cate slow Torent, that ffre ys, + Halfe Portyngale shold be his, 1255 + To spend with dedys ffre; + And yf s{ir} Torrent myght hym ou{er}-com~, + He shold haue halfe Aragon~, + Was better than suche thre. [1260] + + [Linenotes: + 1248. _couns._] _of_ add. MS. + 1251. _brod_ MS.] + +[Headnote: THE GIANT CATE, AND TORRENT, GO TO THE ISLAND.] + +(109) + + [Sidenote: + The Giant Cate comes to an Island.] + + The Gyaunt shipped in a while 1260 + And sett hym~ oute in an yle, + That was grow both grene and gay. + Sir Torrent com~ prekand on a stede, + Richely armed in his wede; + ‘Lordyngys,’ gan he say, 1265 + ‘It is semely ffor a knyght, + Vppon a stede ffor to ffyght.’ + They said sone: ‘Nay, + He is so hevy, he can not ryde. [1270] + Torrent said: ‘Eviƚƚ mut he be-tyde, 1270 + Falshode, woo worth it aye!’ + +(110) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent prays for Christ’s help,] + + ‘Sir, takyth houseƚƚ and shrefte!’ f. 97b. + To god he did his hondys lifte, + And thankid hym of his sond: + ‘I{es}u Cryste, I the praye, 1275 + Send me myght and strengith this day + A-yen~ the ffend to stond!’ + To the shipp s{ir} Torent went, + With the grace, god had hym sent, [1280] + That was never ffayland; 1280 + Aƚƚ the lordys of that contre, + Frome Rome vnto the Grekys se, + Stode and be-held on lond. + + [Linenotes: + 1278. This line begins with a big initial letter. + _Torent_] _yode_, struck out, add. MS. + 1283. _On lond stode and be held_ MS.] + +(111) + + [Sidenote: + and lands in the Island too. The Giant knocks Torrent’s staff out of + his hand,] + + Whan s{ir} Torrent in to the Ile was brought, + The shipmen~ lenger wold tary nought, 1285 + But hied hem sone ageyn~; + The Giaunt said: ‘So must I the, + Sir, thou art welcom to me, + Thy deth is not to layn~!’ [1290] + The ffirste stroke to hym he yaue, 1290 + Oute of his hand flew his staff: + That thefe was fuƚƚ fayn~. + Tho s{ir} Torent went nere Cate, . . . . . + He thought, he wold hym~ haue slayn~. + +[Headnote: TORRENT KILLS THE GIANT CATE WITH COBBLE-STONES.] + +(112) + + [Sidenote: + and runs into the sea. Torrent shies cobble-stones at him, kills + him,] + + The theff couth no better wonne, 1295 + In to the see rennyth he sone, + As faste as he myght ffare. + Sir Torrent gaderid cobled stonys, [1300] + Good and handsom ffor the nonys, + That good and round w{a}re; 1300 + Meny of them to hym~ he caste, + He threw stonys on hym so faste, + That he was sad and s{a}re. + To the ground he did hym feƚƚ, f. 98a. + Men~ myght here the fend yeƚƚ 1305 + Halfe a myle and m{a}re. + + [Linenotes: + 1298. _gad._] _good_ add. MS. + 1300. _were_ MS. + 1303. _sore_ MS. + 1306. _more_ MS.] + +(113) + + [Sidenote: + and he is towd ashore. Torrent is shipt to the mainland.] + + Sir Torent said, as he was wonne, + He thankid I{es}u, Maryes son~, [1310] + That kyng, that sent hym myȝt~; + He said: ‘Lordys, for charite, 1310 + A bote that ye send to me, + It is nere hand nyght!’ + They Reysed a gale w{i}t{h} a sayƚƚ, + The Geaunt to lond for to trayƚƚ, + Aƚƚ men wonderid on that wight. 1315 + Whan that they had so done, + They went to s{ir} Torent fuƚƚ sone + And shipped that comly knyght. [1320] + +[Headnote: TORRENT WINS DESONELL, LANDS, AND A CITY.] + +(114) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent is awarded Desonell, territory, and the City of Cargon. + Desonell is divorst from the Prince of Aragon.] + + The emp{er}oure of Rome was there, + {The kynges} of P{er}vens and of Calabere yare, 1320 + And other two or thre. + They yaue s{ir} Torent, that he wan, + Both the Erth and the woman~, + And said, weƚƚ worthy was he. + Sir Torent had in Aragon~ 1325 + The riche Cite of Cargon~ + And aƚƚ that riche contre; + Archbeshoppes, as the law feƚƚ, [1330] + Dep{ar}tid the prynce and Dissoneƚƚ + With gret solempnite. 1330 + + [Linenotes: + 1320. _The kynges_] om. MS. + 1321. _other_] _kynges_ add. MS. + _or_] _the_ add. MS.] + +(115) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Portugal acknowledges Torrent,] + + For s{ir} Torent the fend did faƚƚ, + Gret lordys honoured hym~ aƚƚ + And for a doughty knyght hym~ tase; + The kyng said: ‘I vnderstond, + Thou hast fought ffor my dought{er} + & my lond, f. 98b. 1335 + And weƚƚ wonne her thou hase.’ + He gaue to s{aint} Nycholas de Barr~ + A grett Erldome and a {si}marr~ [1340] + That abbey of hym {tas} + For I{es}us love, moch of myght, 1340 + That hym helpith day & nyght, + Whan~ he to the batteƚƚ {gas}. + + [Linenotes: + 1337. _saint_] _sir_ MS. + 1338. _simarr{e}_] _marr_ MS. + 1339. _tas_] _redith_ MS. + 1342. _gas_] _yode_ MS.] + +(116) + + [Sidenote: + and the Queen is glad. The King of Portugal bids Torrent wait 6 + months and a day for Desonell.] + + Lordys than~ at the laste, + Echone on theyre way paste, + And euery man~ to his. 1345 + The quene of Portingale was ffayn~, + That s{ir} Torent was com agayn~ + And thankyd god of this. [1350] + Than said the kyng: ‘I vnderstond, + Thou hast fought for my dought{er} & my lond, 1350 + And art my ward, i-wys, + And I wyƚƚ not ageyn~ the say; + But abyde halfe yere and a day, + And broke her weƚƚ with blis!’ + +[Headnote: TORRENT BEGETS TWINS ON DESONELL.] + +(117) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent passes a night with Desonell.] + + Torent said: ‘So muste I the, 1355 + Sith it wyƚƚ no better be, + I cord with that assent!’ + After mete, as I you teƚƚ, [1360] + To speke with mayden~ Desoneƚƚ, + To her chamber he went. 1360 + The damyseƚƚ so moche of pride + Set hym on~ her bed-syde, + And said: ‘Welcom~, verament!’ + Such gestenyng he a-right, + That there he dwellid aƚƚ nyȝt~ 1365 + With that lady gent. f. 99a. + +(118) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Norway begs him to come and fight a Giant there.] + + Sir Torent dwellid thare + Twelffe wekys and mare, [1370] + Tiƚƚ letters com hym tiƚƚ + Fro the kyng of Norway; 1370 + For I{es}us love he did hym p{r}aye, + Yf it were his wyƚƚ, + He shold com as a doughty knyght, + With a Geaunt for to ffyght, + That wyƚƚ his londys spyƚƚ; 1375 + He wold hym yeve his doughter dere + And halfe Norway ffar and nere, + Both be hold and be hyƚƚ. [1380] + +[Headnote: TORRENT SAILS TO FIGHT A NORWEGIAN GIANT.] + +(119) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent gives all his land to the King for Desonell;] + + Sir Torent said: ‘So god me saue, + I-nough to lyve vppon I haue, 1380 + I wyƚƚ desire no more; + But it be, for I{es}u is sake + A poynt of armes for to take, + That hath helpid me be-ffore. + I yeve the here oute of my hond 1385 + To thy doughter aƚƚ my lond, + Yf that I end th{o}re.’ + And whan~ he toke his way to passe, [1390] + Mo than ffyfty with hym was, + That fals to hym~ w{o}re. 1390 + + [Linenotes: + 1387. _there_ MS. + 1390. _were_ MS.] + +(120) + + [Sidenote: + leaves 2 gold rings with her,] + + +S+yr Torent to the lady went, + Fuƚƚ curtesly and gent: . . . . . + ‘Desoneƚƚ, haue good day! + I muste now on my jurnay, + A kyngis lond for to fend. 1395 + Thes gold ryng{es} I shaƚƚ yeve the, + Kepe {them} weƚƚ, my lady ffre, + Yf god a child vs send!’ [1400] + She toke the ryngis with moche care, f. 99b. + Thries in sownyng feƚƚ she thare, 1400 + Whan she saw, that he wold wend. + + [Linenotes: + 1393. _Denoselle_ MS. + 1397. _them_] om. MS.] + +(121) + + [Sidenote: + and goes on board ship with his steed and armour. Torrent gets to + Norway.] + + Shipp and takyƚƚ they dight, + Stede and armo{ur} ffor to ffyght + To the bote they bare. + Gentilmen~, that were hend, 1405 + Toke her leve at theyre frend, + With hym ffor to fare. + Kyng Colomond, is not to layn~, [1410] + He wold, that he cam nev{ur}e agayn~; + There fore god yeff hym~ care! 1410 + So within the ffyfty dayes + He Come in to the lond of Norways, + Hard Contre ffound he thare. + +[Headnote: TORRENT REACHES NORWAY, AND HEARS OF A GIANT.] + +(122) + + [Sidenote: + The shipmen tell him of a Giant.] + + Thus s{ir} Torrent, for soth, is fare, + A noble wynd droffe hym~ thare, 1415 + Was blowyng oute of the weste. + Of the Coste of Norway they had a sight . . . [1419] + Of sayling they were aƚƚ preste. + So ffeyre a wynd had the knyght, + A lituƚƚ be-ffore the mydnyght 1420 + He Rode be a foreste. + The shipmen said: ‘We be shent; + Here dwellith a geaunt, verament, + On his lond are we {kest}!’ + + [Linenote: + 1424. _kest_] _sett_ MS.] + +(123) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent resolves to land.] + + The maistershipm{o}n~ said: ‘Nowe 1425 + I Rede, we take down~ sayle & Rowe, + While we haue this tyde. [1430] + Sir,’ he said, ‘be god aƚƚmyght, + The giant lieth euery nyght + On~ the mowntayn~ here be-syde; 1430 + My lord the kyng wyƚƚ not ffyght, f. 100a. + Tiƚƚ he of you haue a sight, + On you ys aƚƚ his pryde!’ + Sir Torrent said: ‘Here my hond! + Sith we be ryven on this lond, 1435 + To nyght wyƚƚ I ryde.’ + + [Linenotes: + 1425. _maistershipmen_ MS. + 1429. _lieth_] _here_ add. MS. + 1434. _Torerent_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT LANDS IN THE FOREST OF BRASILL.] + +(124) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent and his knights arm.] + + Sir Torent armyd hym~ anon [1440] + And his knyght{es} euerychone + With sheld and spere in hond. + The shipmen~ said: ‘As mut I thryve, 1440 + I Rede, that euery man~ other shryve, + Or that we go to the lond.’ + Sir Torent said: ‘As god me spede, + We wiƚƚ firste se that ffede, + My lord was never f{ail}and! 1445 + Gentilmen, ma{k}e chere good, + For I{es}u love, that died on Rood, [1450] + He wiƚƚ be oure waraunt!’ + + [Linenotes: + 1445. _fleand_ MS. + 1446. _make_] _made_ MS.] + +(125) + + [Sidenote: + They reach the Forest of Brasill. The coward knights flee to the + ship, and leave Torrent alone.] + + In a forest can~ they passe, + Of Brasiƚƚ, saith the boke, it was, 1450 + With bowes brod and wyde. + Lyons and berys there they ff{a}nd + And wyld best{es} aboute goand, + Reysing on euery side. + Thes men~ of armes, w{i}t{h} trayn~ 1455 + To the shipp they flew agayn~ + In to the see at that tyde; [1460] + Fast from land row they be-gan~, + A-bove they left that gentilman~, + With wyld beestis to haue kyde. 1460 + + [Linenotes: + 1451. _bowes_] _browes_ MS. + 1452. _ffound_ MS. + 1460. _k_ corrected out of _r_.] + +(126) + + [Sidenote: + False tales of Torrent are told to the King of Norway.] + + The shipmen~ of the same lond + Ryved vp, I vnderstond, + In another lond off hold. f. 100b. + To the chamber they toke the way, + There the kyng hym~ selfe lay, 1465 + And fals talis hym~ told . . . . . . + For he wold not the geaunt abyde, [1470] + For aƚƚ this contrey feyre and wyde, + Thouȝ he yeff it hym wold. + + [Linenote: + 1465 put before 1464 MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT COMES ON 2 DRAGONS IN A VALLEY.] + +(127) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Norway wants Torrent to come.] + + ‘Sir kyng, ye haue youre selfe 1470 + Erlis {doughty be} ten~ or twelfe, + Better know I none: + Send youre messingeris ffar and wyde, + For to ffeƚƚ the geaunt{es} pride, + That youre doughter hath tane.’ 1475 + ‘I had lever to haue that knyght; + With hym~ is grace of god aƚƚmyȝt~, + To be here at his bane.’ [1480] + Fuƚƚ lituƚƚ wist that riche kyng + Of s{ir} Torrent{es} ryding 1480 + In the forest aƚƚ alone. + + [Linenotes: + 1471. _doughty be_] om. MS. + 1476. _that_] _ky_, struck out, add. MS.] + +(128) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent rides up to 2 Dragons.] + + Thorouȝ helpe of god that w{i}t{h} hym was, + Fro the wyld bestis gan~ he passe + To an hye hyƚƚ. + A lituƚƚ while be-fore the day 1485 + He herd in a valey + A dynnyng and a yeƚƚ. [1490] + Theder than~ riduth he, + To loke, what thing it myȝt be, + What adventure tha{re} be-feƚƚ. 1490 + It were two dragons stiff and strong, + Vppon~ theyre lay they sat and song, + Be-side a depe weƚƚ. + + [Linenote: + 1490. _thare_] _that_ MS.] + +(129) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent prays to Christ, spears the first Dragon;] + + Sir Torent said thanne + To god, that made man~ f. 101a. 1495 + And died uppon~ a tree: + ‘Lord, as thou mayst aƚƚ weld, [1500] + Yeve me grace, to wyn~ the feld + Of thes ffendys on{fre}!’ + Whan he had his p{r}ayers made, 1500 + Pertely to hem~ he Rade + And one thorouȝ oute bare he. + Thus sped the knyght at his comyng + Thorough the helpe of hevyn~ kyng: + Lord, lovid muste thou be! 1505 + + [Linenotes: + 1499. _onfre_] _ontrewe_ MS. + 1502. _he bare_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT KILLS THE 2 DRAGONS, AND SEES A CASTLE.] + +(130) + + [Sidenote: + and then kills the second.] + + The other dragon wold not flee, . . . . . + But sho{w}ith aƚƚ his myght; [1510] + He smote ffire, that lothely thing, + As it were the lightnyng, + Vppon~ that comly knyght. 1510 + There fore s{ir} Torent wold not lett, + But on~ the dragon) fast~ he bett + And over-come that foule wight. + Tho anon the day sprong, + Fowles Rose, mery they song, 1515 + The sonne a-Rose on hyȝ{t}. + + [Linenotes: + 1507. _shotith_ MS. + 1516. _hyȝe_ MS.] + +(131) + + [Sidenote: + He sees a Castle.] + + Torent of the day was fuƚƚ blithe, [1520] + And of the valey he did hym~ swith, + As fast as euer he may. + To a mowntayn~ he rode ryght, 1520 + Of a casteƚƚ he had a sight + With towrys hyȝe and gay . . . . . . + He come in to an hyȝe strete, + Few folke gan~ he mete, + To wis hym~ the way. 1525 + + [Linenote: + 1525. _wish_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT BEFORE THE NORSE GIANT’S CASTLE.] + +(132) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent rides to the Norse Giant’s castle gates.] + + To the gatys tho he R{a}de; + Fuƚƚ craftely they were made f. 101b. + Of Irun~ and eke of tree. [1531] + One tre stonding there he ffond: + Nyne oxen~ of that lond 1530 + Shold not drawe the tre. + The Giaunt wrought vp his w{a}ƚƚ + And laid stonys gret and smaƚƚ: + A lothely man~ was he. + ‘Now,’ quod Torrent, ‘I {n}ot, whare, 1535 + My squiers be ffro me to fare, + Euer waried th{ey} be! [1540] + + [Linenotes: + 1526. _rode_ MS. + 1529. _ffound_ MS. + 1532. _welle_ MS. + 1535. _wot_ MS. + 1537. _they_] _thou_ MS.] + +(133) + + [Sidenote: + He considers what he shall do, and resolves to fight.] + + ‘Lord god, what is beste, + So I{es}u me helpe, Est or Weste, + I Can not Rede to {say}. 1540 + Yf I to the shipp fare, + No shipmen~ ffynd {I} thare; + It is long, sith they were away. + Other wayes yf I wend, + Wyld bestis wyƚƚ me shend: 1545 + Falshede, woo worth it aye! + I ffyght here, I{es}u, for thy sake; [1560] + Lord, to me kepe thou take, + As thou best may!’ + + [Linenotes: + 1540. _say_] _done_ MS. + 1542. _And no_ MS. + _I_] om. MS.] + +(134) + + [Sidenote: + He baits his steed. The Norse Giant prepares to fight.] + + Down~ light this gentiƚƚ knyght, 1550 + To Rest hym~ a lituƚƚ wight, + And vnbrydelid his stede + And let hym~ bayte on~ the ground, + And aventid hym~ in~ that stound, + There of he had gret nede. 1555 + The Gyaunt yode and gaderid stone + And sye, where the knyght gan~ gone, [1570] + Aƚƚ armed in dede; f. 102a. + And wot ye weƚƚ and not wene, + Whan eyther of hem had other sene, 1560 + Smertely {they} rerid her dede. + + [Linenotes: + 1553. _bayte_] _hym_ add. MS. + 1561. _they_] om. MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT GETS ASSURANCE FROM HEAVEN.] + +(135) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent prays to Christ, and is cheerd by a voice from Heaven.] + + For that s{ir} Torent had hym sene, + He worth vppon his stede, I wene, + And I{es}u prayd{e} he tiƚƚ: + ‘Mary son~, thou here my bone, 1565 + As I am~ in venturus s{t}ad come, + My jurnay {to} fuƚƚ-ffyƚƚ!’ [1580] + A voys was fro hevyn~ sent + And said: ‘Be blith, s{ir} Torent, + And yeve the no thing yƚƚ, 1570 + To ffyght with my lordys enemy: + Whether that thou lyve or dye, + Thy mede the quyte he wyƚƚ!’ + + [Linenotes: + 1566. _sad_ MS. + 1567. _to_] _than_ MS. + 1573. _He wylle quyte the thy mede_ MS.] + +(136) + + [Sidenote: + The Giant advances against Torrent.] + + Be that the giaunt had hym dight, + Cam~ ageyn~ that gentiƚƚ knyght, 1575 + As bold as eny bore; + He bare on~ his nek a croke, [1590] + Woo were the man~, that he ou{er}toke, + It was twelfe ffote and more. + ‘Sir,’ he said, ‘ffor charite, 1580 + Loke, curtes man~ that thou be, + Yf thy wyƚƚ ware: + I haue so fought aƚƚ this nyght + With thy II dragons wekyd and wight, + They haue bett me fuƚƚ sore.’ 1585 + +[Headnote: THE NORSE GIANT, WERAUNT, WOUNDS TORRENT.] + +(137) + + [Sidenote: + The Giant says he’ll punish Torrent for killing his 2 Dragons and + his Brother Cate.] + + The Geaunt said: ‘Be my fay, + Wors tyding{es} to me this day [1600] + I myght not goodly here. + Thorough the valey as thou cam~, + My two dragons hast thou slan~, 1590 + My solempnite they were. f. 102b. + To the I haue fuƚƚ good gate; + For thou slow my brother Cate, + That thou shalte by fuƚƚ dere!’ + Be-twene the giaunt and the knyght 1595 + Men myght se buffett{es} right, + Who so had be there. [1610] + + [Linenote: + 1590. _slayne_ MS.] + +(138) + + [Sidenote: + The Giant’s crook cuts through Torrent’s shield to his flesh, and + sticks there.] + + Sir Torent yaue to hym~ a brayd; + He levid that the aungeƚƚ said, + Of deth yaue he no{ught}. 1600 + In to the brest he hym~ bare, + His spere hede lefte he thare, + So eviƚƚ was hitt {bythought}. + The Giaunt hym ayen~ smate + Thorough his sheld and his plate, 1605 + In to the flesh it sought; + And sith he pullith at his croke, [1620] + So fast in to the flesh it toke, + That oute myȝt he gete it nought. + + [Linenotes: + 1600. _nought_] _no dynt_ MS. + 1603. _byth._] _mynt_ MS.] + +(139) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent throws his shield and the Giant’s crook into the water. The + Giant goes in after them and is drowned.] + + On hym~ he hath it broke, 1610 + Glad pluckys there he toke, + Set sadly and s{a}re. + Sir Torent stalworth satt, + Oute of his handys he it gatt, + No lenger dwellid he th{a}re. 1615 + In to the water he cast his sheld, + Croke and aƚƚ to-geders it held, [1630] + Fare after, how so euer it ffare. + The Geaunt folowid w{i}t{h} aƚƚ his mayn~, + And he come never quyk agayn~: 1620 + God wold, that so it ware. + + [Linenotes: + 1612. _sore_ MS. + 1615. _there_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT SLAYS THE NORSE GIANT, WERAUNT.] + +(140) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent rides to the Giant’s castle,] + + Sir Torent bet hym~ there, f. 103a. + Tiƚƚ that this fend did were, + Or he thens wend. + On hym had he hurt but ane, 1625 + Lesse myght be a mann{us} bane, + But god is fuƚƚ hend: [1640] + Thorough grace of hym, that aƚƚ shaƚƚ weld, + There the knyght had the feld, + Such grace god did hym~ send. 1630 + Be than it nyed nere hand nyȝt~, + To a casteƚƚ he Rode right, + Aƚƚ nyght there to lend. + + [Linenote: + 1626. _But lesse_ MS.] + +(141) + + [Sidenote: + and finds a fair Lady there. Torrent asks for a night’s lodging.] + + In the casteƚƚ found he nought, + That god on the Rode bought; 1635 + High vppon~ a toure, + As he caste a side lokyng, [1650] + He saw a lady in her bed syttyng, + White as lylye ffloure; + Vp a-Rose that lady bryght, 1640 + And said: ‘Welcom~, s{ir} knyght, + That fast art in stoure!’ + ‘Damyseƚƚ, welcom~ mut thou be! + Graunt thou me, for charite, + Of one nyghtis so{i}oure!’ 1645 + + [Linenote: + 1645. _socoure_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT IN THE GIANT WERAUNT’S CASTLE.] + +(142) + + [Sidenote: + The Lady says the Giant Weraunt will kill him.] + + ‘By Mary,’ said that lady clere, + ‘Me for-thinkith, that thou com~ here, [1660] + Thy deth now is dight; + For here dwellith a geaunt, + He is clepud Weraunt, 1650 + He is {to} the deviƚƚ be-taught. + To day at morn~ he toke his croke, + Forth at the yat{es} the way he toke, + And said, he wold haue a draught; f. 103b. + And here be chambers two or thre, 1655 + In one of hem I shaƚƚ hide the, + God the saue ffrome harmes right!’ [1670] + + [Linenotes: + 1650. _Weraunt_] _weraumt_ (?) MS. + 1651. _to_] _of_ MS.] + +(143) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent tells her to come and see the Giant.] + + ‘Certayn~,’ tho said the knyght, + ‘That theffe I saw to nyght, + Here be-side a sla{d}e. 1660 + He was a ferly freke in ffyght, + With hym faught a yong knyght, + Ech on other laid good l{a}de; + Me thought weƚƚ, as he stode, + He was of the fend{us} blood, 1665 + So Rude was he made. + Dame, yf thou leve not me, [1680] + Com~ nere, and thou shalt se, + Which of hem ab{a}de.’ + + [Linenotes: + 1660. _slate_ or _flate_ MS. + 1663. _lode_ MS. + 1669. _abode_ MS.] + +(144) + + [Sidenote: + The Norwegian Princess sees the Giant’s corpse, and praises his + slayer.] + + Blith was that lady bryght 1670 + For to se that {selly} sight: + With the knyght went she. + Whan she cam, where the Geaunt lay, + ‘Sir,’ she said, ‘p{ar}maffay + I wott weƚƚ, it is he. 1675 + Other he was of god aƚƚ-myght + Or seynt George, oure lady knyȝt~, [1690] + That there his bane hath be. + Yf eny cryston~ man smyte hym down~, + He is worthy to haue renown~ 1680 + Thorough oute aƚƚ crystiaunte.’ + + [Linenote: + 1671. _selly_] om. MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT RESCUES THE PRINCESS OF NORWAY.] + +(145) + + [Sidenote: + She tells Torrent that her Father gave her, as his ransom, to the + Giant.] + + ‘I haue wonder,’ said the knyght, + ‘How he gate the, lady bryght, + Fro my lord the kyng.’ + ‘Sir,’ she said, ‘verament, f. 104a. 1685 + As my fader on huntyng went + Erly in a mornyng, [1700] + For{e} his men pursued a dere, + To his casteƚƚ, that stondith here, + That doth my hondys wryng, 1690 + This Giaunt hym toke, wo he be! + For his love he gevith hym~ me, + He wold none other thinge.’ + + [Linenote: + 1688. _For_ MS.] + +(146) + + Forth she brought bred and wyne, + Fayn~ he was for to dyne . . . . . . 1695 + This knyght made noble chere, + Though that he woundid were [1710] + With the Geaunt strong. + +(147) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent takes her away. Torrent longs for Desonell. The Norwegian + Princess sees her Father.] + + Sir Torrent dwellid no lenger thare, + Than~ he myȝt away fare 1700 + With that lady bryght. + ‘Now, I{es}u, that made heƚƚ, + Send me on lyve to Desoneƚƚ, + That I my trouth to plight!’ + Tho sye they be a forest syde 1705 + Men~ of armes ffaste ride + On coursers comly dight. [1720] + The lady said: ‘So mvst I thee, + It is my fader, is com for me, + With the Geaunt to ffyght.’ 1710 + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS WELCOMD BY THE KING OF NORWAY.] + +(148) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent is recognised] + + An harood said anon~ right: + ‘Yon I se an armed knyght, + And no squier, but hym~ one: + He is so {big} of bone & blood, + He is the Geaunt, be the Rode!’ 1715 + Som~ seith, he riduth vppon~. + ‘Nay,’ said the kyng, ‘verament, f. 104b. [1820] + It is the knyght, that I after sent, + I thanke god and seynt Iohñ, + For the Geaunt slayn~) hath he 1720 + And wonne my dought{er}, weƚƚ is me! + Aƚƚ his men are {a}t{o}ne!’ + + [Linenotes: + 1714. _big_] _long_ MS. + 1722. _at._] _tane_ MS.] + +(149) + + [Sidenote: + and welcomd by the King of Norway. His wounds are drest.] + + Wott ye weƚƚ, with Ioy and blis + Sir Torent there recevid ys, + As doughty man~ of dede. 1725 + The kyng and other lordys gent + Said, ‘Welcom~, s{ir} Torent, [1830] + In to this vncouth {thede}!’ + In to a state they hym~ brought, + Lechis sone his woundis sought; 1730 + They said, so god hem spede, + Were there no lyve but ane, + His liffe they wyƚƚ not vndertane, + For no gold ne ffor mede. + + [Linenote: + 1728. _thede_] _lond_ MS.] + +[Headnote: PRINCESS GENDRES. TORRENT STAYS A YEAR IN NORWAY.] + +(150) + + [Sidenote: + The Princess claims Torrent as her husband.] + + The lady wist not or than~, 1735 + That he was hurt, that gentilman~, + And sith she went hym tyƚƚ; [1840] + She sought his wound{us} and said thare: + ‘Thou shalte lyve and welfare, + Yf the no-thing evyƚƚ! 1740 + My lord the kyng hath me hight, + That thou shalt wed me, s{ir} knyght, + The fforward ye to fulle ffyƚƚ.’ + ‘Damyseƚƚ, loo here my hond: + And I take eny wyffe in this lond, 1745 + It shaƚƚ be at thy wyƚƚ!’ + +(151) + + [Sidenote: + Her name is Gendres. Torrent stays 12 months in Norway.] + + Gendres was that ladyes name. [1850] + The Geaunt{es} hede he brought hame, + And the dragons {he brought}. f. 105a. + Mene myght here a myle aboute, 1750 + How on the dede hedys they did shoute, + For the shame, that they hem~ wrought, + Both with dede and with tong + Fyfte on the hedys dong, + That to the ground they sought. 1755 + Sir Torrent dwellid thare + Twelfe monythis and mare, [1860] + That ffurther myȝt he nought. + + [Linenotes: + 1749. _he br._] _also_ MS. + 1752. _they_] _had_ add. MS.] + +(152) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Norway sends Torrent’s false Squires to sea, where all + drown, save one.] + + The kyng of Norway said: ‘Nowe, + Fals thevis, woo worth you, 1760 + Ferly soteƚƚ were ye: + Ye said, the knyght wold not com~: + Swith oute of my kyngdome, + Or hangid shaƚƚ ye be!’ + His squiers, that fro hym~ fled, 1765 + With sore strokys are they spred + Vppon the wanne see, [1870] + And there they drenchid euery man~, + Saue one knave, that to lond cam~, + And woo be-gone is he. 1770 + +[Headnote: DESONELL IS NEAR CHILD-BEARING.] + +(153) + + [Sidenote: + He takes the news to the King of Portugal, and tells Desonell that + Torrent is in Norway.] + + The child, to lond that god sent, + In Portyngale he is lent, + In a riche town~, + That hat{h} hight be her day, + And euer shaƚƚ, as I you say, 1775 + The town~ of Peron~. + By-fore the kyng he hym sett, [1880] + ‘Fuƚƚ weƚƚ thy men~, lord, the grett, + And in the see {did} they drown.’ + Desoneƚƚ said: ‘Where is Torent?’ 1780 + ‘In Norway, lady, verament.’ f. 105b. + On sownyng feƚƚ she down~. + + [Linenotes: + 1774. _hatt_ (!) MS. + 1778. _the_] _they_ MS. + 1779. _did_] _are_ MS. + _drowned_ MS.] + +(154) + + [Sidenote: + She swoons, and folk see she is big with child. The King of Portugal + declares he’ll send Desonell and her Bastard to sea.] + + As she sownyd, this lady myld, + Men myȝt se tokenyng of her child, + Steryng on~ her right syde. 1785 + Gret Ruth it was to teƚƚ, + How her maydens on~ her feƚƚ, [1890] + Her to Couer and to hide. + Tho the kyng said: ‘My dought{er}, do way! + By god, thy myrth is gone for aye, 1790 + Spousage wyƚƚ thou none {bi}de! + There fore thou shalt in to the see + And that Bastard with-in the, + To lerne you ffor to ride.’ + + [Linenote: + 1791. _bide_] _lede_ MS.] + +[Headnote: DESONELL BEARS TWINS TO TORRENT.] + +(155) + + [Sidenote: + His Earls and the Queen pray for mercy for Desonell.] + + Erlis and Barons, that were good, 1795 + By-fore the kyng knelid and stode + For that lady free. [1900] + The quene, her moder, on knees feƚƚ, + ‘For I{es}u is love, that harood heƚƚ, + Lord, haue mercy on~ me! 1800 + That ylke dede, that she hath done, + It was with an Erlis sonne, + Riche man~ i-nough is he; + And yf ye wyƚƚ not let her lyve, + Right of lond ye her yeve, 1805 + Tiƚƚ she delyu{er}d be!’ + +(156) + + [Sidenote: + She is delivered of 2 male children like Torrent. Her Father says + she shall be sent out to sea.] + + Thus the lady dwellith there, [1910] + Tyll that she delyu{er}d were + Of men~ children~ two; + In all poyntes they were gent, 1810 + And like they were to s{ir} Torent; + For his love they sufferid woo. f. 106a. + The kyng said: ‘So mut I thee, + Thou shalte in-to the see + With oute wordys moo. 1815 + Euery kyngis dought{er} ffer and nere, + At the shaƚƚ they lere, [1920] + Ayen~ the law to do.’ + + [Linenotes: + 1807. _Thus the_] so F. VII; _This_ MS. + 1808. _Tyll_] so F. VII; om. MS. + 1810. _all_] so F. VII; om. MS.] + +(157) + + [Sidenote: + She is led from his land. The Queen bewails her daughter’s fate. + Desonell is sent to sea.] + + Gret ruth it was to se, + Whan they led that lady ffree 1820 + Oute of her faders lond. + The quene wexid tho nere wood + For her doughter, that gentiƚƚ ffode, + And knyghtis stode wepand; + A cloth of silke gan they ta 1825 + And p{ar}tyd it be-twene hem twa, + Therin they were wonde. + Whan~ they had shypped that lady y{i}ng, [1930] + An hunderid feƚƚ in sownyng + At Peron~ on~ the sond. 1830 + + [Linenotes: + 1827. so F. VII; om. MS. + 1828. _had sh._] so F. VII; _clepud_ MS. + _yeng_ MS.] + +[Headnote: DESONELL IS SENT OUT TO SEA. SHE REACHES LAND.] + +(158) + + [Sidenote: + She prays to Christ for her children.] + + Whan that lady was downe fall, + On Iesu Cryste dyd she call; + Down~ knelid that lady cle{n}e: + ‘Rightfull god, ye me sende + Some good londe, on to lende, 1835 + That my chyldren may crystonyd bene!’ + She said, ‘Knyghtis and ladyes gent, + Grete weƚƚ my lord, s{ir} Torrent, + Yeff ye hym~ euer sene!’ + The wynd Rose ayen~ the nyght, 1840 + Fro lond it blew that lady bryght [1941] + Vppon the see so grene. + + [Linenotes: + 1831 f.] so F. VII; om. MS. + 1833. _clene_] _clere_ MS. + 1834 f.] so F. VII; + _Iesu Cryste, that com vp here + On this strond, as I wenyd_ MS. + 1836. _my ch._] so F. VII; _we_ MS.] + +(159) + + [Sidenote: + She and they reach land. Desonell stills her crying child,] + + Wyndes and weders haue her drevyn~, + Þat in a f{o}rest she is revyn~, + There wyld beestis were; 1845 + The see was eb, and went her ffroo, + And lefte her and her children~ two f. 106b. + Alone with-oute ffere. + Her one child woke and be-gan~ to wepe, + The lady a-woke oute of her slepe 1850 + And said: ‘Be stiƚƚ, my dere, [1951] + I{es}u Cryst hath sent vs lond; + Yf there be any cryston man~ nere hond, + We shaƚƚ haue som socoure here.’ + + [Linenote: + 1844. _forest_] so F. VII; _ftrest_ MS. + _she is_] so F. VII; _be they_ MS.] + +[Headnote: A GRIFFIN CARRIES OFF ONE OF DESONELL’S BOYS.] + +(160) + + [Sidenote: + goes up a mountain,] + + The carefuƚƚ lady was fuƚƚ blith, 1855 + Vp to lond she went swith, + As fast as euer she myght. + Tho the day be-gan~ to spryng, + Foules a-Rose and mery gan syng + Delicious notys on~ hight. 1860 + To a mowntayn went that lady ffree: [1961] + Sone was she warr~ of a Cite + With towrus ffeyre and bryght. + There fore, i-wys, she was fuƚƚ fayn~, + She sett her down~, as I herd sayn~, 1865 + Her two children~ ffor to dight. + +(161) + + [Sidenote: + and finds an Arbour there. A Griffin carries off one of her boys. + She puts the other down,] + + Vppon~ the low the lady ffound + An Erber wrought w{i}t{h} mann{us} hond, + With herbis, that were good. + A Grype was in~ the mowntayn~ wonne, 1870 + A way he bare her yong son~ [1971] + Ou{er} a water fflood, + Over in to a wyldernes, + There seynt Antony ermet w{e}s, + There as his chapeƚƚ stode. 1875 + The other child down~ gan~ she ly, + And on the ffoule did shoute & crye, f. 107a. + That she was nere hond wood. + + [Linenotes: + 1874. _was_ MS. + 1876. _ly_] _lay_ MS.] + +[Headnote: A LEOPARD CARRIES OFF DESONELL’S 2ND BOY.] + +(162) + + [Sidenote: + and sorrows.] + + Vp she rose ageyn~ the rough~, + With sorofuƚƚ hert and care Inough~, 1880 + Carefuƚƚ of blood and bone . . . . . . . [1981] + She sye, it myght no better be, + She knelid down~ vppon~ her kne, + And thankid god and seynt Iohn~. + +(163) + + [Sidenote: + A leopard takes her other boy away.] + + There come a libard vppon~ his pray, 1885 + And her other child bare away, + She thankid god there + And his moder Mary bryght. + This lady is lefte alone ryght: + The sorow she made there . . . . . 1890 + +(164) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Jerusalem sees the leopard and child.] + + That she myght no further ffare: [1991] + ‘Of one poynt,’ {she sayd}, ‘is my care, + As I do now vnderstond, + So my children~ crystenyd were, + Though they be with beest{es} there, 1895 + Theyre liffe is in godd{us} hond.’ + The kyng of Ierusalem~ had bene + At his brothers weddyng, I wene, + That was lord of aƚƚ that lond. + As he com homward on his way, 1900 + He saw where the liberd lay [2001] + With a child pleyand. + + [Linenote: + 1892. _she s._] om. MS.] + +(165) + + [Sidenote: + Each child has one of Torrent’s rings. The King’s men kill the + Leopard,] + + Torrent had yeve {her} ring{es} two, + And euery child had one of tho, + Hym~ with aƚƚ to saue. 1905 + The kyng said: ‘Be Mary myld, + Yonder is a liberd w{i}t{h} a child, + A mayden~ or a knave.’ + Tho men~ of armes theder went, f. 107b. + Anon~ they had theyre hors spent, 1910 + Her guttys oute she Rave. [2011] + For no stroke wold she stynt; + Tiƚƚ they her slew w{i}t{h} speris dynt, + The child myght they not haue. + + [Linenote: + 1903. _her_] _his lady_ MS.] + +[Headnote: HE (LEOBERTUS) IS ADOPTED BY THE KING OF JERUSALEM.] + +(166) + + [Sidenote: + and take the Child to the King, who christens him ‘Leobertus,’] + + Vp they toke the child y{i}ng 1915 + And brought it be-ffore the kyng + And vndid the swathing band, + As his moder be-ffore had done, + A gold ryng they ffound sone, + Was closud in his hond. 1920 + Tho said the kyng of Ierusalem~: [2021] + ‘This child is come of gentiƚƚ teme, + Where euer this beest hym~ ffond. + The boke of Rome berith wytnes, + The kyng hym~ namyd Leobertus, 1925 + That was hent in hethyn~ lond. + + [Linenotes: + 1915. _yong_ MS. + 1923. _ffound_ MS.] + +(167) + + [Sidenote: + and takes him to Jerusalem.] + + Two squiers to the town~ gan~ flyng, + And a noryse to the child did bryng, + Hym~ to kepe ffrome gr{e}me. + He led it in~ to his own~ lond 1930 + And told the quene, how he it ffond [2031] + By a water streme. + Whan~ the lady saw the ryng, + She said, with-oute lettyng: + ‘This child is com~ of gentiƚƚ teme: 1935 + Thou hast none heyre, thy lond to take, + For I{es}u love thou {sh}oldist hym~ make + Prynce of Ierusalem~.’ + + [Linenotes: + 1929. _grame_ MS. + 1937. _woldist_ MS.] + +[Headnote: ST. ANTONY GETS THE FIRST BOY FROM THE GRIFFIN.] + +(168) + + [Sidenote: + St. Anthony sees the Griffin and Desonell’s first boy, whom the bird + lays at his feet.] + + Now, in boke as we rede, + As seynt Antony aboute yede, 1940 + Byddyng his orysoun~, [2041] + Of the gripe he had a sight, f. 108a. + How she flew in a fflight, + To her birdus was she boun~. + Be-twene her clawes she bare a child: 1945 + He prayed to god and Mary myld, + On lyve to send it down~. + That man was weƚƚ with god aƚƚ-myȝt~, + At his fote gan~ she light, + That foule of gret renown~. 1950 + +(169) + + [Sidenote: + St. Antony takes the boy to his Father, the King of Greece.] + + Vp he toke the child th{e}re, [2051] + To his auter he did it bere, + There his chapeƚƚ stode. + A knave child there he ffond, + There was closud in his hond 1955 + A gold ryng riche and good. + He bare it to the Cite grett, + There the kyng his fader {s}ett + As a lord of jentiƚƚ blood, + For he wold saue it ffro dede; 1960 + A grype flew a-bove his hede [2061] + And cryed, as he were wood. + + [Linenotes: + 1951. _thare_ MS. + 1954. _ffound_ MS. + 1958. _sett_] _lett_ MS.] + +(170) + + [Sidenote: + The King sees his son Antony,] + + This holy man~ hied hym~ tyte + To a Cite w{i}t{h} touris white, + As fast as he may. 1965 + The kyng at the yate stode + And other knyght{es} and lordys good + To se the squiers play. + The kyng said: ‘Be Mary myld, + Yonder comyth Antony, my child, 1970 + With a gryffon~ gay. [2071] + Som~ of his byrdus take hath he, + And bryngith hem~ heder to me!’ + Gret ferly had thaye. + +[Headnote: HE (ANTONY FITZ-GRIFFIN) IS ADOPTED BY THE KING OF GREECE.] + +(171) + + [Sidenote: + who asks him to adopt Desonell’s boy as his heir.] + + The kyng there of toke good hede, f. 108b. 1975 + And a-geyn~ his sonne he yede + And said: ‘Welcom~ ye be!’ + ‘Fader,’ he said, ‘god you saue! + A knave child ffound I haue, + Loke, that it be dere to the! 1980 + Frome a greffon~ he was refte, [2081] + Of what lond that he is lefte, + Of gentiƚƚ blood was he: + Thou hast none heyre, thy lond to take, + For I{es}u love thy sonne hym~ make, 1985 + As in the stede of me!’ + +(172) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Greece agrees, and has the Boy baptized. The Boy is + christend Antony Fitzgriffin.] + + The kyng said: ‘Yf I may lyve, + Helpe and hold I shaƚƚ hym yeve + And receyve hym as my son~. + Sith thou hast this lond forsake, 1990 + My riche londys I shaƚƚ hym~ take, [2091] + Whan he kepe them~ c{o}n~.’ + To a ffont they hym yaue, + And crystonyd this yong knave; + Fro care he is wonne. 1995 + The holy man yaue hym~ name, + That I{es}u shild hym~ ffrome shame: + Antony fice greffoun~. + + [Linenote: + 1992. _can_ MS.] + +[Headnote: DESONELL BEWAILS HER LOST CHILDREN.] + +(173) + + [Sidenote: + Desonell laments,] + + ‘Fader, than~ haue thou this ryng, + I ffound it on~ this swete thing, 2000 + Kepe it, yf thou may: [2101] + It is good in euery {f}ight, + Yf god yeve grace, that he be knyght, + Be nyght {and} be day.’ + Let we now this children~ dweƚƚ, 2005 + And speke we more of Desoneƚƚ: + Her song was welaway. f. 109a. + God, that died vppon~ the Rode, + Yff grace, that she mete w{i}t{h} good! + Thus dispar{p}lid are thay. 2010 + + [Linenotes: + 2002. _fight_] _sight_ MS.? + 2004. _Other be_ MS. + _and_] _or forme of_ (!) MS. + 2010. _disparlid_ MS.] + +(174) + + [Sidenote: + wanders among wild beasts,] + + This lady walkyd aƚƚ alone [2111] + Amonge wyld bestis meny one, + Ne wanted she no Woo; + Anon~ the day be-gan to spryng, + And the ffoules gan to syng, 2015 + With blis on euery bowȝe . . . . . . . + +(175) + + [Sidenote: + and bewails her lost children. Desonell flees from some hunters] + + ‘Byrdus and bestis, aye woo ye be! + Alone ye haue lefte me, + My children~ ye {have} slo{ne}.’ + As she walkid than~ a-lone, 2020 + She sye lordis on~ huntyng gone, [2121] + Nere hem~ she yede fuƚƚ sone. + This carfuƚƚ lady cried faste, + Than she herd this hornes blaste + By the yatis gone, 2025 + But {ran} in to a wildernes, + Amongist beests that wyld w{e}s, + For drede, she shold be slone. + + [Linenotes: + 2018. _haue_] _a_ corrected out of _e_ MS. + 2019. _have sl._] _slough_ MS. + 2026. _ran_] om. MS. + 2027. _was_ MS.] + +[Headnote: DESONELL FLEES TO THE LAND OF NAZARETH.] + +(176) + + [Sidenote: + into the land of Nazareth.] + + Tiƚƚ it were vnder of the Day, + She went {fro} that wilsom~ way, 2030 + In to a lond playn~. [2131] + The kyng of Naȝareth huntid there, + Among the hert{es}, that gentiƚƚ were; + There of she was fuƚƚ ffayn~ . . . . . . . . . + + [Linenote: + 2030. _fro_] _in_ MS.] + +(177) + + [Sidenote: + She sees the King,] + + They had ferly, kyng and knyght, 2035 + Whens she come, that lady bryght, + Dwelli{n}g here a-lone. + She said to a squier, that there stode: + ‘Who is lord of most jentiƚƚ blood?’ + And he answerid her anon~: f. 109b. 2040 + ‘This ys the lond of Naȝareth, [2141] + Se, where the kyng gethe, + Of speche he is ffuƚƚ bone; + Aƚƚ in gold couerid is he.’ + ‘Gramercy, s{ir},’ said she, 2045 + And nere hym~ gan~ she gone. + +(178) + + [Sidenote: + whose Lords greet her. Desonell says that her boys are dead, and she + is left alone.] + + Lordys anon ageyn~ her yode, + For she was com~ of gentiƚƚ blood, + In her lond had they bene: + ‘God loke the, lady ffree, 2050 + What makist thou in this contre?’ [2151] + ‘Sir,’ she said, ‘I wene, + Seynt Katryn~ I shold haue sought, + Wekyd weders me heder hath brought + In to this fforest grene, 2055 + And aƚƚ is dede, I vnderstond, + Saue my selfe, that com~ to lond + With wyld beestis and kene.’ + +[Headnote: DESONELL IS WELCOMD BY THE QUEEN OF NAZARETH.] + +(179) + + [Sidenote: + She is taken to Nazareth, and welcomd by the Queen,] + + ‘Welcom,’ he said,’ Desoneƚƚ, + By a tokyn~ I shaƚƚ the teƚƚ: 2060 + Onys a stede I the sent. [2161] + Lady gent, ffeyre and ffree, + To the shold I haue wedid be, + My love was on~ the lent.’ + Knyghtis and squiers, that there were, 2065 + They horsid the lady there, + And to the Cite they went. + The quene was curtes of that lond + And toke the lady be the hond + And said: ‘Welcom, my lady gent! 2070 + +(180) + + [Sidenote: + with whom she stays.] + + ‘Lady, thou art welcom~ here, [2171] + As it aƚƚ thyn~ own~ were, f. 110a. + Aƚƚ this ffeyre contree!’ + ‘Of one poynt was my care, + And my two children~ crystonyd ware, 2075 + That in wood were reft ffro me.’ + ‘Welcom art thou, Desoneƚƚ, + In my chamber for to dweƚƚ, + Inough there in shaƚƚ ye see!’ + Leve we now that lady gent, 2080 + And speke we of s{ir} Torrent, [2181] + That was gentiƚƚ and ffre. + + [Linenote: + 2076. _in_] _the_ add. MS.] + + [[‘Welcom art thou... _open quote invisible_]] + +[Headnote: TORRENT HEARS OF THE EXILE OF DESONELL AND HER BOYS.] + +(181) + + [Sidenote: + Sir Torrent won’t stop in Norway, but goes back to Portugal.] + + The kyng of Norway is fuƚƚ woo, + That s{ir} Torent wold wend hym ffro, + That doughty was and bold: 2085 + ‘Sir,’ he said, ‘abyde here + And wed my dought{er}, that is me dere!’ + He said, in no wise he wold. + He shipped oute of the kyng{es} sale + And Ryved vp in~ Portingale 2090 + At another hold. [2191] + Whan~ he herd teƚƚ of Desoneƚƚ, + Swith on sownyng there he feƚƚ + To the ground so cold. + +(182) + + [Sidenote: + The false King Calamond of Portugal tells him that Desonell and her + 2 Boys were sent out to sea.] + + The fals kyng of Portingale, 2095 + Sparid the yatis of his sale + For Torent the ffree; + He said: ‘Be Mary clere, + Thou shalt no wyfe haue here, + Go sech her in~ the see! 2100 + With her she toke whelpis two, [2201] + To lerne to row wold she go.’ + ‘By god, thou liest,’ quod he, + ‘Kyng Colomand, here my hond! + And I be knyght levand, f. 110b. 2105 + I-quytt shaƚƚ it be!’ + +(183) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent gathers an army. Torrent’s knights] + + Torent wold no lenger byde, + But sent letters on euery side + With fforce theder to hye. + Theder com oute of Aragon~ 2110 + Noble knyght{es} of gret renown~ [2211] + With grett chevalrye. + Of P{er}vyns and Ca{l}aber also + Were doughty knyght{es} meny moo, + They come aƚƚ to that crye. 2115 + Kyng Calomond had no knyght, + That with s{ir} Torent wold fyght, + Of aƚƚ that satt hym~ bye. + + [Linenote: + 2113. _Calaber_] _Cababer_ (!) MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT SENDS THE KING OF PORTUGAL TO DROWN.] + +(184) + + [Sidenote: + and he are let into the chief City of Portugal, and resolve to send + the false King to sea] + + There wold none the yatis deffend, + But lett s{ir} Torent in wend 2120 + With his men~ euerychone. [2221] + Swith a counseƚƚ yede they to, + {To} what deth they wold hym do, + For he his lady had slone. + ‘Lordis,’ he said, ‘he is a kyng, 2125 + Men may hym~ nether hede ne h{i}ng.’ + Thus said they euerychone. + They ordenyd a shipp aƚƚ of tree + And sett hym~ oute in~ to the see, + Among the wawes to gone. 2130 + + [Linenotes: + 2123. _To_] om. MS. + 2126. _hing_] _heng_ MS.] + +(185) + + [Sidenote: + in a boat full of holes.] + + Gret lordis of that lond [2231] + Assentid to that com{n}and, + That hold shold it be. + In the havyn~ of Portyngale, + There stode shippes of hede vale 2135 + Of Irun and of tree. f. 111a. + A bote of tre they brought hym be-fforn~, + Fuƚƚ of holis it was born~, + Howseƚƚ and shryfte {wold} he. + Sir Torent said: ‘Be seynt Iohn~, 2140 + Seth thou gaue my lady none, [2241] + No more men~ shaƚƚ do the!’ + + [Linenotes: + 2132. _comland_ MS. + 2138. _boryn_ MS. + 2139. _wold_] _had_ MS.] + + [[com{n}and _printed as shown: error for “com{m}and”?_]] + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS MADE KING OF PORTUGAL.] + +(186) + + [Sidenote: + The false king Calamond is drownd, and Torrent is made King of + Portugal,] + + The shipp-men~ brought s{ir} Colomond + And sent hym fforth within~ a stound + As ffar as it were. 2145 + Wott ye weƚƚ and vnderstond, + He come never ayen to lond, + Such stormes ffound he there. + Gret lordys of renown~ + Be-toke s{ir} Torent the crown~ 2150 + To reioyse it there. [2251] + Loo, lordys of euery lond: + Falshode wyƚƚ haue a foule end, + And wyƚƚ haue euermore. + +(187) + + [Sidenote: + but he gives the land up to the Queen, and resolves to go to the + Holy-Land.] + + Sir Torent dwellid thare 2155 + Fourty days in moche care, + Season~ for to hold; + Sith he takith two knyght{es}, + To kepe his lond and his right{es}, + That doughty were and bold. 2160 + ‘Madam~,’ he said to the quene, [2261] + ‘Here than shaƚƚ ye lady bene, + To worth as ye wold.’ + He purveyd hym~ anon~, + To wend ouer the see fome, 2165 + There god was bought and sold. + + [Linenote: + 2161. _He said madam_ MS.] + +(188) + + [Sidenote: + His arms are 3 silver ships on an azure field. For love of Desonell, + Torrent leaves Portugal.] + + And ye now wiƚƚ liston~ a stound, + How he toke armes of kyng Calomond, f. 111b. + Listonyth, what he bare. + O{n} asure, as ye may see, 2170 + With sylu{er} shippes thre, [2271] + Who so had be thare. + For Desoneƚƚ is love so bryght, + His londis he takyth to a knyght, + And sith he is {boun} to fare. 2175 + ‘Portyngale, haue good day + For Sevyn~ yere, p{ar}maffay, + P{ar} aventure som~ dele m{a}re!’ + + [Linenotes: + 2170. This line begins with a big initial letter. + _Off_ MS. + 2175. _boun_] _home_ MS. + 2178. _more_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT TAKES THE CITY OF QUARELL.] + +(189) + + [Sidenote: + He besieges the City of Quarell for 2 years, and then takes it.] + + Sir Torent passid the Grekys flood + In to a lond both riche and good, 2180 + Fuƚƚ evyn~ he toke the way [2281] + To the {cite} of Quareƚƚ, + As the boke of Rome doth teƚƚ, + There a soudan~ lay. + There he smote and set adown~ 2185 + And yaue asaute in to the town, + That w{i}ƚƚ the storye say. + So weƚƚ they vetelid were, + That he lay there two yere, + Sith in~ the town~ went they. 2190 + + [Linenotes: + 2182. _cite_] _see_ MS. + 2187. _well_ MS. + _says_ MS. + 2190. _And sith in to_ MS.] + +(190) + + [Sidenote: + He has its inhabitants kild, and shares its booty among his men.] + + And tho s{ir} Torent ffound on~ lyve, [2291] + He comaundid with spere and knyffe + Smertely dede to be; + He said: ‘We haue be here + Moche of this two yere 2195 + And onward on~ the thr{e}.’ + Aƚƚ the good, that s{ir} Torent wan~, + He p{ar}tid it among his m{a}n~, + Syluer, gold and ffee; + And sith he is boun to ride f. 112a. 2200 + To a Cite there be-syde, [2301] + That was worth such thre. + + [Linenotes: + 2196. _thrid_ MS. + 2198. _men_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT TAKES ANOTHER CITY, AND GOES TO ANTIOCH.] + +(191) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent then besieges another heathen City for 6 years. All its folk + die of hunger.] + + There he stode and smote adown~ + And leyd sege to the town~, + Six yere there he lay. 2205 + By the VI yere were aƚƚ done, + With honger they were aƚƚ slone, + That in the Cite lay. + {The} Soudan sent to s{ir} Torent than~, + With honger that thes people be slan, 2210 + Aƚƚ the folke of this Cite; [2311] + ‘Yf ye thinke here to lye, + Ye shaƚƚ haue wyne and spycery, + I-nough is in this contre.’ + + [Linenotes: + 2209. _The_] _A_ MS. + 2209-14 put before 2203-8 MS. + 2210. _slayn_ MS. + 2211. _thes_ MS.] + +(192) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent kills the Sultan,] + + Now god do his soule mede! 2215 + On the soudan~ he had a dede + Vppon~ euery good ffryday. + I{es}u sent hym strengith I-nough~, + With dynt of sword he hym slough~, + There went none quyk away. 2220 + Down knelid that knyght [2321] + And thankid god with aƚƚ his myȝt~: + So ought he weƚƚ to say. + The Cite, that s{ir} Torent was yn~, + Worldely goodis he left ther yn~, 2225 + To kepe it nyght and day. + +(193) + + [Sidenote: + goes to Antioch, and fights every good Friday.] + + Sith he buskyd hym~ to ride + In to a lond there be-syde, f. 112b. + Antioche it hight. + Sevyn~ yere at the Cite he lay 2230 + And had bateƚƚ euery good ffryday, [2331] + Vppon~ the Sarȝins bryght; + And be the VII yere were gone, + The child, that the liberd had tane, + Found hym his fiƚƚ off ffyght . . . . . . 2235 + + [Linenote: + 2230-32 put before 2227-29 MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT’S SON LEOBERTUS FIGHTS AGAINST HIM.] + +(194) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Jerusalem sends 50,000 knights,] + + The kyng of Ierusalem~ herd teƚƚ + Of this lord good and feƚƚ, + How doughtyly he hym bare. + Vppon~ his knyght{es} can he caƚƚ, + ‘Ordeyn~ swith among you aƚƚ, 2240 + For no thing that ye spare!’ [2341] + They buskyd hem oute of the land, + The nombre off ffyfty thousa{n}d, + Ageyn Torent ffor to ffare . . . . + + [Linenote: + 2243. _thousaid_ MS.] + +(195) + + [Sidenote: + and his adopted son Leobertus (Torrent’s second boy)] + + The kyng of Ierusalem said thus: 2245 + ‘My dere son, Liobertus, + That thou be bold and wight! + Thou shalt be here and defend the lond + From that fals trayto{r}s hond + And take the ordre of a knyght.’ 2250 + He yaue hym armes, or he did passe: [2351] + Right as he ffound was, + O{n} gold he bare bryght + A liberd of asure bla + A child be-twene his armes twa: 2255 + Woo was her, that {se} it {my}ght! + + [Linenotes: + 2246. _Liobertious_ MS. + 2253. _On_] _Of_ MS. + 2254. _blay_ (!) MS. + 2255. _tway_ MS. + 2256. _ffulle woo_ MS. + _se it m._] _it ought_ MS.] + +(196) + + [Sidenote: + against Torrent. Torrent’s son Leobertus captures him.] + + Sir Torent wold no lenger abyde, + But thederward gan~ he ride; + And to the feld were brought + Two knyght{es}, that were there in stede; f. 113a. 2260 + Many a man did they to blede, [2361] + Such woundis they wrought. + There durst no man com~ Torent nere, + But his son, as ye may here, + Though he knew hym nought. 2265 + Aƚƚ to nought he bet his shild, + But he toke his fader in the feld, + Though he there of eviƚƚ thought. + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS IMPRISOND IN JERUSALEM.] + +(197) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent is taken to Jerusalem] + + Whan~ s{ir} Torent was takyn~ than~, + His men fled than~, euery man~, 2270 + They durst no lenger abyde. [2371] + Gret ruth it was to be hold, + How his sword he did vp-hold + To his son~ that tyde. + To Ierusalem~ he did hym~ lede, 2275 + His actone and his other wede, + Aƚƚ be the kyngis side; + ‘Sir,’ he said, ‘haue no care, + Thou shalte lyve and welfare, + But lower ys thy pryde!’ 2280 + +(198) + + [Sidenote: + and thrust into prison, where his son Leobertus hears him lament a + whole year.] + + Fro that s{ir} Torent was h{o}m brought, [2381] + Doughty men~ vppon~ hym~ sought, + And in preson~ they hym~ thro{ng}e. + His son above his hede lay, + To kepe hym~ both nyȝt and day, 2285 + He wist weƚƚ, that he was strong. + Thus in p{re}son as he was, + Sore he siȝed and said alas, + He couth none other songe. + Thus in bondys they held hym thare f. 113b. 2290 + A twelfmonyth and som dele mare, [2391] + The knyght thought ffuƚƚ long. + + [Linenotes: + 2281. _hom_] _hem_ MS. + 2283. _And and_ (!) MS. + _throuȝe_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT’S SON ASKS FOR HIS FATHER’S FREEDOM.] + +(199) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent appeals to God who once enabled him to kill Dragons and + Giants.] + + In a mornyng as he lay, + To hym selfe gan~ he say: + ‘Why lye I thus alone? 2295 + God, hast thou forsakyn~ me? + Aƚƚ my truste was in the, + In lond where I haue gone! + Thou gave me myȝt ffor to slee + Dragons two other thre 2300 + And giauntes meny one, [2401] + And now a man~ in wekid lond + Hath myn~ armo{ur} and stede in~ hond: + I wold, my liffe were done!’ + + [Linenote: + 2299. _flee_ MS.!] + +(200) + + [Sidenote: + His son Leobertus hears him, and promises to get him freed.] + + His son herd hym~ say soo 2305 + And in his hert was fuƚƚ woo, + In chamber there he lay; + ‘Sir,’ he said, ‘I haue thy wede, + There shaƚƚ no man reioyse thy stede, + Yf so be, that I may. 2310 + By oure lady seynt Mary, [2411] + Here shalt thou no lenger lye, + Nether be nyȝt~ ne be day; + As I am~ Curtesse and hend, + To the kyng I shaƚƚ wend, 2315 + And ffor thy love {hym} pray!’ + + [Linenotes: + 2313. _Nether be day ne be nyȝt_ MS. + 2316. _ffor thy love and pray this nyȝt_ MS.] + +(201) + + [Sidenote: + Leobertus asks the King of Jerusalem for Torrent. The King of + Jerusalem grants Torrent to his elder son,] + + On~ the morow whan~ he Rose, + The prynce to the kyng gose + And knelid vppon~ his knee; + ‘Sir,’ he said, ‘ffor godd{us} sonne, f. 114a. 2320 + The knyght, that lieth in the dungeon~, [2421] + Ye wold graunt hym~ me! + I hard hym say be hym~ alone, + Many Geaunt{es} had he slone + And dragons II or thre.’ 2325 + The kyng said: ‘Be my ffay, + Be warr~, he scape not away; + I vouch hym saue on the!’ + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS FREED, AND HONOURD IN JERUSALEM.] + +(202) + + [Sidenote: + who frees him from prison, tho’ still fettering him.] + + The prynce in to the p{re}son went, + Torent by the hond he hent 2330 + Oute of his bondys cold; [2431] + To the casteƚƚ he brought hym sone + And light ffettouris did hym~ vppon~, + For brekyng oute off hold. + The kyng said: ‘Be my ffaye, 2335 + And he euer scape away, + Fuƚƚ dere he shaƚƚ be sold!’ + ‘Sir,’ he said, ‘p{ar}maffay, + We wyƚƚ hym~ kepe, and we may: + There of be ye bold!’ 2340 + + [Linenote: + 2331. _And toke hym oute_ MS.] + +(203) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent dines with the King, and promises to teach his son Leobertus + spearcraft.] + + For he was curtes knyght & free, [2441] + At the mete sett was he + By the kyng at the deyse. + ‘Sir, thou haste i-bene + At Iustis and at tornement{es} kene, 2345 + Both in warr~ and in peas: + Sith thy dwelling shaƚƚ be here, + {I pray}, that thou woldist my son~ lere, + Hys Tymber ffor to asay.’ + ‘Sir,’ he said, ‘I vnderstond, 2350 + Affter the maner off my lond f. 114b. [2451] + I shaƚƚ, with outen {delay}.’ + + [Linenotes: + 2348. _I pray_] om. MS. + 2352. _delay_] _lese_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT JOUSTS WITH HIS ELDER SON, AND OTHERS.] + +(204) + + [Sidenote: + The jousts at Jerusalem. Torrent’s son Leobertus breaks 3 shafts on + his Father.] + + The casteƚƚ court was large w{i}t{h} in~, + They made ryngis ffor to Ren~, + None but they alone. 2355 + Euery of hem to oþ{ur}e R{a}de: + Feyrer Tur{na}ment{es} than they made, + Men sye never none. + The prynce in armes was fuƚƚ preste, + Thre shaftys on~ his fader he breste, 2360 + In shevers they gan gone. [2461] + Sir Torent said: ‘So mvt I thee, + A man of armes shaƚƚ thou be, + Stalworth of blood and bone!’ + + [Linenotes: + 2356. _Rode_ MS. + 2357. _Turmentes_ MS.] + +(205) + + [Sidenote: + The jousts last 6 weeks. A Feast is held.] + + Harroldys of armes cryed on~ hight, 2365 + The prynce and that other knyght + No more juste shaƚƚ thay; + But lordys of other lond, + Euery one to other ffond, + And sith went theyre way. 2370 + Sixe wekys he dwellid there, [2471] + Tiƚƚ that aƚƚ delyu{er}d were, + That in the Cite {lay}. + Tho they held a gestonye, + With aƚƚ man{er} of mynstralsye, 2375 + Tyƚƚ the Sevynth day. + + [Linenote: + 2373. _lay_] _were_ MS.] + +(206) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent is declared victor. The King of Jerusalem promises to + support Torrent.] + + Lordis with aƚƚ other thing + Toke leve at the kyng, + Home theyre ways to passe. + That tyme they yaue Torent the floure 2380 + And the gre with moch honowre, f. 115a. [2481] + As he weƚƚ worthy was. + The kyng said: ‘I shaƚƚ the yeve + Liffe and lyvelode, whiƚƚ I lyve, + Thyn armo{ur}, as it was.’ 2385 + Whan he sye ffeyre ladyes wend, + He thought on her, that was so hend, + And sighed and said: ‘Alas!’ + +[Headnote: DESONELL IS TOLD OF TORRENT’S VICTORY.] + +(207) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Nazareth] + + The kyng of Naȝareth home went, + There that his lady lent, 2390 + In his own~ lede. [2491] + ‘Sir,’ she said, ‘ffor godd{us} pite, + What gentilman~ wan~ the gre?’ + He said, ‘So god me spede, + One of the ffeyrest knyghtis, 2395 + That slepith on~ som{er} nyght{es} + Or walkyd in wede; + He is so large of lym~ and lith, + Aƚƚ the world he hath justid with, + That come to that dede.’ 2400 + +(208) + + [Sidenote: + tells Desonell that the Victor (Torrent) has an armd Giant as his + crest.] + + ‘Good lord,’ said Desoneƚƚ, [2501] + ‘For godd{us} love ye me teƚƚ, + What armes that {h}e bare!’ + ‘Damyseƚƚ, also muste I the, + Syluer and asure beryth he, 2405 + That wott I weƚƚ thare. + His Creste is a noble lond, + A Gyaunt with an~ hoke in~ hond, + This wott I weƚƚ, he bare. + He is so stiff at euery stoure, 2410 + He is prynce and victoure, [2511] + He wynneth the gree aye where. f. 115b. + + [Linenote: + 2403. _he_] _ye_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT AND HIS 2 SONS GO TO A JOUSTING.] + +(209) + + [Sidenote: + The Victor is a Knight of Portugal. The King of Nazareth proclaims a + Jousting.] + + Of Portyngale a knyght he ys, + He wanne the town~ of Raynes + And the Cite of Quarell{e}; 2415 + At the last jurney that was sett, + The prynce, my broders son~ {he mett}, + And in his hond he ffeƚƚ. + The prynce of Grece leth nere + There may no juster be his pere, 2420 + For soth as I you teƚƚ: [2521] + A dede of armes I shaƚƚ do crye + And send after hym~ in hye.’ + Blith was Desoneƚƚ. + + [Linenotes: + 2415. _Quarellis_ MS. + 2416. _that_] _he_ add. MS. + 2417. _he m._] _was gatt_ MS.] + +(210) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Jerusalem sends Torrent and his elder son Leobertus + to it. The King of Greece brings the younger son, Antony + Fitzgriffin.] + + This dede was cried ffar and nere, 2425 + The kyng of Ierusalem did it here, + In what lond that it shold be. + He said: ‘Sone, anon right + Dight the and thy cryston~ knyght, + For sothe, theder wiƚƚ we.’ 2430 + Gret lordys, that herith this crye, [2531] + Theder come richely, + Everyman~ in his degre. + The kyng of Grece did {make hym boun}, + With hym~ come Antony ffyȝ greffon~, 2435 + With moche solempnite . . . . . . . + + [Linenote: + 2434. _make hym b._] _assigne_ MS.] + +(211) + + [Sidenote: + The Jousting is for a lady.] + + ‘The kyng of Naȝareth sent me, + That there shold a justynge be + Of meny a cryston~ knyght, + And aƚƚ is ffor a lady clere, 2440 + That the justyng is cryed ffar and nere, f. 116a. [2541] + Of men~ of armes bryght.’ + Gret joye it was to here teƚƚ, + How thes kyng{es} w{i}t{h} the knyghtis feƚƚ + Come and semled to that ffyght. 2445 + + [Linenote: + 2445. _semlend_ MS.] + +[Headnote: THE JOUSTS AT NAZARETH BEGIN.] + +(212) + + [Sidenote: + Many folk come to the jousts. They sup and sleep,] + + There come meny another m{o}n~, + That thought there to haue to done, + And than~ to wend her way. + Whan~ they come to the casteƚƚ gent, + A Roaƚƚ ffyght, verament, 2450 + There was, the sothe to say. [2551] + Trompes resyn~ on the waƚƚ, + Lordys assembled in the haƚƚ, + And sith to souper yede thay. + They were recevid w{i}t{h} rialte, 2455 + Euery man~ in his degre, + And to her logyng went her way. + + [Linenote: + 2446. _man_ MS.] + +(213) + + [Sidenote: + rise, hear Mass, and dine, then mount,] + + The lordys Rosyn aƚƚ be-dene + On the morow, as I wene, + And went masse ffor to here. 2460 + And ffurthermore w{i}t{h}-oute lent [2561] + They wesh and to mete went, + For to the ffeld they wold there. + After mete anon~ right + They axid hors and armes bryght, 2465 + To hors-bak went thay in ffere. + Knyghtis and lordys reuelid aƚƚ, + And ladyes lay ou{er} the casteƚƚ waƚƚ, + That semely to se were. + +(214) + + [Sidenote: + and begin to joust. Torrent’s 2 sons joust. The younger, Antony, + unhorses his brother Leobertus.] + + Than~ eueryman toke spere in~ hond, 2470 + And euerych to other ffond, [2571] + Smert boffett{es} there they yeld. f. 116b. + The prynce of Ierusalem~ and his brother, + Eueriche of hem~ Ran to other~ + Smertely in the feld . . . . . . . . 2475 + Though~ Antony ffygryffon~ yonger were, + His brother Leobert{us} he can down~ bere; + Sir Torent stode and be-held. + + [Linenotes: + 2471. _ffound_ MS. + 2472. _there th. y._] _they yeldyd there_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT AND HIS SONS JOUST. HE IS VICTOR.] + +(215) + + ‘Be my trouth,’ said Torent thanne, + ‘As I am~ a cryston~ man 2480 + I-quytt shaƚƚ it be.’ [2581] + Torent be-strode a stede strong + And hent a tymber gret and long, + And to hym~ rode he. + + [Linenote: + 2483 put before 2482 MS.] + +(216) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent rides down his younger son. He and his sons are the best + jousters.] + + Torrent to hym rode so sore, 2485 + That he to the ground hym~ bare, + And let hym~ lye in~ the {bent}. + There was no man~ hyȝe ne lowe, + That myght make Torent to bowe + Ne his bak to bend. 2490 + They justyd and turneyd there, [2591] + And eueryman~ ffound his pere, + There was caught no dethis d{e}nt. + Of aƚƚ the Justis, that there ware, + Torent the floure a way bare 2495 + And his sonnys, {verament}. + + [Linenotes: + 2485 f.: + _Torrent so sore to hym rode, + That he bare hym to the ground_ MS. + 2487. _bent_] _ffeld_ MS. + 2493. _dynt_ MS. + 2496. _ver._] _in that tyde_ MS.] + +(217) + + [Sidenote: + Desonell greets Torrent, and swoons.] + + And on~ the morow, whan~ it was day, + Amonge aƚƚ the lordys gay, + That worthy were, {par de}, + Desoneƚƚ wold no lenger lend, 2500 + But to s{ir} Torent gan~ she wend [2601] + And knelid on her kne. + She said: ‘Welcom~, my lord s{ir} Torent!’ + ‘And so be ye, my lady gent!’ f. 117a. + In sownyng than feƚƚ she. 2505 + Vp they cou{er}yd that lady hend, + And to mete did they wend + With joye and solempnite. + + [Linenotes: + 2499. _par de_] _in wede_ MS. + 2502. _And on her kne she knelid_ MS.] + +[Headnote: DESONELL GREETS TORRENT. HER BEAUTY.] + +(218) + + [Sidenote: + All go to Dinner.] + + Dame Desoneƚƚ be-sought the kyng. + That she myght, with oute lesyng, 2510 + Sytt with Torent alone. [2611] + ‘Yes, lady, be hevyn~ kyng, + There shaƚƚ be no lettyng; + Worthy is he, be seynt Iohn~!’ + Tho they washid and went to mete, 2515 + And rially they were sett + And s{er}uid worthely, {echone}. + Euery lord in~ the haƚƚ, + As his state wold be-ffaƚƚ, + Were couplid with ladyes {schone}. 2520 + + [Linenotes: + 2514. _ffor welle worthy_ MS. + 2517. _echone_] _verament_ MS. + 2520. _schone_] _gent_ MS.] + +(219) + + [Sidenote: + Desonell is the fairest lady. The Kings of Jerusalem and Greece go + to the] + + But of aƚƚ ladyes, that were there sene, [2621] + So ffeire myght there none bene + As was dame Desoneƚƚ. . . . . . . . + Thes two kyngis, that doughty ys, + To the Cite come, i-wys, 2525 + With moche meyne {emell}. + + [Linenote: + 2526. _emell_] om. MS.] + +(220) + + [Sidenote: + King of Nazareth’s Castle. Desonell sits by Torrent.] + + To the casteƚƚ they toke the way, + There the kyng of Naȝareth lay, + With hym~ to speke on high~. + At none the quene ete in~ the haƚƚ, 2530 + Amongist the ladyes ou{er} aƚƚ, [2631] + That couth moche curtesye. + Desoneƚƚ wold not lett, + By s{ir} Torent she her sett, + There of they had {envye} . . . . . . 2535 + + [Linenote: + 2535. _envye_] _wonder_ MS.] + +[Headnote: DESONELL FINDS HER TWO SONS BY TORRENT.] + +(221) + + [Sidenote: + She tells the Lords how her Father sent her and her 2 Boys to sea;] + + Whan~ eyther of hem other be-held, + Off care no thyng they ffeld, f. 117b. + Bothe her hert{es} were blithe. + Gret lordys told she sone, + What poyntes he had for her done, 2540 + They be-gan to be blithe; [2641] + And how her {fader} in the see did her do, + With her she had men~ childre two; + They waried hym~ feƚƚ sithe. + ‘Sir kyng, in this wildernes, 2545 + My two children~ fro me revid w{e}s, + I may no lenger hem~ hide. + + [Linenotes: + 2542. _fader_] om. MS. + 2546. _was_ MS.] + +(222) + + [Sidenote: + and how one was carried off by a Griffin, and the other by a + Leopard. Leobertus and Antony are these boys.] + + ‘The knyght yaue me ryng{es} two, + Euerich of hem~ had one of thoo, + Better saw I never none. 2550 + A Gryffon~ bare the one away, [2651] + A liberd the other, p{ar}maffay, + Down~ by a Roche of stone.’ + Than~ said the kyng of Ierusalem~: + ‘I ffound one by a water streme, 2555 + He levith w{i}t{h} blood & bone.’ + The kyng of Grece said: ‘My brother, + Antony my son~ brought me anoþ{ur}e.’ + She saith: ‘Soth, be seynt Iohn~?’ + + [Linenote: + 2556. _levith_] _yet_ add. MS.] + + [[‘The knyght yaue me... _open quote invisible_]] + +[Headnote: TORRENT INVITES 3 KINGS TO PORTUGAL.] + +(223) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent’s 2 Sons kneel and ask his blessing. He rejoices in them and + their Mother,] + + The kyng said: ‘Sith it is so, 2560 + Kys ye youre fader bo, [2661] + And axe hym~ his blessyng!’ + Down~ they knelid on~ her knee: + ‘Thy blessing, ffader, for charite!’ + ‘Welcom~, children~ y{i}ng!’ 2565 + Thus in armes he hem~ hent, + A blither man~ than~ s{ir} Torent + Was there none levyng; f. 118a. + It was no wonder, thouȝe it so were; + He had his wiffe and his children~ there, 2570 + His joye be-gan~ to spryng. [2671] + + [Linenotes: + 2561. _bothe_ MS. + 2565. _yong_ MS.] + +(224) + + [Sidenote: + and thanks the Kings for taking care of them. He asks the Kings to + Portugal.] + + Of aƚƚ the justis, that were thare, + A way the gre his sonnys bare, + That doughty were in dede. + Torent knelid vppon~ his knee 2575 + And said: ‘God yeld you, lordys ffree, + Thes children~ that ye haue ffed: + Euer we wiƚƚ be at youre wiƚƚ, + What jurney ye wiƚƚ put vs tyƚƚ, + So I{es}u be oure spede, 2580 + With that the kyng thre [2681] + In to my lond wiƚƚ wend w{i}t{h} me, + For to wreke oure stede.’ + +(225) + + [Sidenote: + All agree to go. Their ships arrive at Portugal.] + + They graunted that there was, + Gret lordys more and lesse, 2585 + Bothe knyght and squiere; + And with Desoneƚƚ went + Al the ladyes, that were gent, + That of valew were. + Shippis had they stiff and strong, 2590 + Maistis gret and sayles long, [2691] + Hend, as ye may here, + And markyd in to Portingale, + Whan~ they had pullid vp her sayƚƚ, + With a wynd so clere. 2595 + +[Headnote: TORRENT, DESONELL, AND THEIR SONS, GO TO PORTUGAL.] + +(226) + + [Sidenote: + The Queen] + + The riche quene of that lond + In her casteƚƚ toure gan stond + And be-held in~-to the see. + ‘Sone,’ she said to a knyght, + ‘Yonder of shippis I haue a sight, f. 118b. 2600 + For sothe, a grett meyne.’ [2701] + The quene said: ‘Verament, + I se the armes of s{ir} Torent, + I wott weƚƚ, it is he.’ + He answerid and said tho: 2605 + ‘Madam, I wiƚƚ, that it be so, + God gefe grace, that it so be!’ + + [Linenote: + 2605-7 put before 2602-4 MS.] + +(227) + + [Sidenote: + welcomes Torrent and his friends, and swoons when she sees her + daughter Desonell.] + + A blither lady myȝt none be, + She went ageyn hym~ to the see + With armed knyght{es} kene. 2610 + Torent she toke by the hond: [2711] + ‘Lordys of vncouth lond, + Welcom muste ye bene!’ + Whan she sye Desoneƚƚ, + Swith in~ sownyng she feƚƚ 2615 + To the ground so {gr}ene. + Torent gan~ her vp ta: + ‘Here bene her children~ twa, + On lyve thou shalt hem see{ne}!’ + + [Linenotes: + 2616. _grene_] _kene_ MS. + 2619. _see_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT WEDS DESONELL. HIS SONS MADE HEIRS OF KINGS.] + +(228) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent holds a great feast, and weds Desonell.] + + In the Casteƚƚ of Portyngale 2620 + A-Rose trumpes {of} hede vale, [2721] + To mete they went on~ hye. + He sent letters ffar and nere; + The lordys, that of valew were, + They come to that gestonye. 2625 + The Emp{er}oure of Rome, + To that gestonye he come, + A noble knyght on~ hyȝe. + Whan~ aƚƚ thes lordys com w{e}re, + Torrent weddid that lady clere, 2630 + A justyng did he crye. [2731] + + [Linenotes: + 2621. _of_] om. MS. + 2629. _ware_ MS.] + +(229) + + So it ffeƚƚ vppon a day, f. 119a. + The kyng of Ierusalem~ gan say: + ‘Sir, thy sonne I ffound + Lying in a libert{es} mouth, 2635 + And no good he ne couth, + Dede he was nere hond: + Wold thou, that he dwellid w{i}t{h} me, + Tiƚƚ that I dede be, + And sith reioyse my lond?’ . . . . . . 2640 + +(230) + + [Sidenote: + He gives his son Leobertus as heir to the King of Jerusalem; and his + son Antony as heir to the King of Greece. Torrent is elected + Emperor.] + + Be fore lordys of gret renown~, [2741] + Torent gaue hym~ his son~ . . . . . . . . + The kyng of Grece said: ‘S{ir} knyght, + I yeff thy son aƚƚ my right + To the Grekys flood: 2645 + Wouch thou saue, he dweƚƚ w{i}t{h} me?’ + ‘Yea, Lord, so mut I thee, + God yeld you aƚƚ this good!’ + For s{ir} Torent was stiff in stoure, + They chose hym ffor Emp{er}oure, 2650 + Beste of bone and blood. [2751] + + [Linenote: + 2645. _flood_] _I plight_ add. MS.] + + [[_stanza printed with indentation as shown_]] + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS MADE EMPEROR. HE DIES.] + +(231) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent gives his 2 Sons a Sword each. He lies in a fair Abbey.] + + Gret lordys, that there were, + Fourty days dwellith there, + And sith they yode her way; + He yaue his sonnys, as ye may here, 2655 + Two swerdys, that were hym~ dere, + Ech of hem~ one had they. + Sith he did make vp-tyed + Chirchus and abbeys wyde, + For hym~ and his to praye. 2660 + In Rome this Romans berith the crown~ [2761] + Of aƚƚ kerpyng of Renown~: + He leyth in a feire abbey. + + [Linenotes: + 2654. _And sith her way they yode_ MS. + 2663. _leyth_] _in Rome_ add. MS.] + +(232) + + [Sidenote: + May Christ grant us Heaven!] + + Now I{es}u Cryst, that aƚƚ hath wrought, + As he on the Rode vs bought, f. 119b. 2665 + He geve hvs his blessing, + And as he died for you and me, + He graunt vs in blis to be, + {Lesse and mare, both old and ying!} Amen. + + [Linenote: + 2669. _Oute of this world whan~ we shalle wend_ MS.] + + +Explicit Torent of Portyngale. + + + + +THE FRAGMENTS. + + +I.[F1] + + [Footnote F1: In Halliwell’s edition III.] + +[_The King of Portugal plots Torrent’s death._] + + [Sidenote: + Desonell gives Torrent a Horse which the King of Nazareth had sent + her.] + + [T] . . . est hym vp . . . . 462 + . . . . . chent be for to fle + . . . . . ly ivyll he gone 464 + The kynge of Nazareth sent hym me, + Torent, I wot-saue hym on the, + For better loue I none!’ 467 + + [Sidenote: + The King treacherously asks Torrent to get Desonell a Falcon] + + Afterwarde vpon a tyde, + As they walkyd by the ryvers syde, + The kynge and yonge Torent, 470 + This lorde wolde fayne, that he dede were + And he wyst nat, on what manere, + Howe he myght hym shent. 473 + A fals letter made the kynge + And made a messangere it brynge, + On the ryuer syde as they went, 476 + To Torent, that was true as stele, + If he loued Dyssonell wele, + Gete hir a faucon gent. 479 + + Torent the letter began to rede, + The kynge came nere and lystened, + As thoughe he it neuer had sene. 482 + The kynge sayde, ‘what may this be?’ + ‘Lorde, it is sent to me + For a faucon shene; 485 + + [Sidenote: + from the Forest of Magdalen.] + + I ne wote, so God me spede, + In what londe that they brede.’ + The kynge sayde, ‘as I herde sayne, 488 + . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . + In the forest of Maudelayne 491 + + +[Headnote: FRAG. 2. TORRENT GOES TO THE FOREST OF MAUDELAYNE.] + +II.[F2] + + [Footnote F2: In Halliwell’s edition II.] + + [Sidenote: + Torrent agrees to do it.] + + Than sayde [the] kyn[g] vntrue, 492 + ‘And ye fynde haw[k]es of great value, + Brynge me one with the!’ 494 + Torent sayd: ‘so God me saue, + Yf it betyde, that I any haue, + At your wyll shall they be.’ 497 + + [Sidenote: + He rides] + + To his squyer bade he thare, + After his armoure to fare, + In the felde abode he; 500 + They armed hym in his wede, + He bestrode a noble stede + . . . . . . . . . . 503 + + [Sidenote: + to the Forest of Magdalen, gets separated from his Squire,] + + Torent toke the way agayne + Unto the forest of Maudelayne, + In a wylsome way; 506 + Berys and apes there founde he + And wylde bestys great plente + And lyons, where they lay. 509 + In a wode, that is tyght, + It drewe towarde the nyght. + By dymmynge of the day 512 + Lysten, lordes, of them came wo, + He and his squyer departed in two, + Carefull men then were they. 515 + + At a shedynge of a rome + Eyther departed other frome, + As I vnderstande. 518 + Torent taketh a dolefull way + Downe into a depe valay, + . . . . . . . . . . 521 + + +[Headnote: FRAG. 3. TORRENT IS TO FIGHT THE CALABRIAN GIANT, SLOGUS.] + +III.[F3] + + [Footnote F3: In Halliwell’s edition VI.] + +[_The King of Portugal sends Torrent to be kild by the Giant Slogus._] + + [Sidenote: + Torrent sits at the head of a side table. The King asks Torrent if + he’ll] + + . . . . . . . . . . . . 819 + And the good squyres after h[ym], + That knyghtes sholde be. 821 + As they were a-myddes theyr . . . + The kynge wolde not forgete, + To Torente than sayd he, 824 + + [Sidenote: + do a deed of arms for Desonell.] + + He sayd: ‘so god me saue, + Fayne thou woldest my dough[ter haue], + Thou hast loued her many a d[aye].’ 827 + ‘Ye, by my trouthe,’ sayd Torente, + ‘And I were a ryche man, + Ryght gladly by my faye.’ 830 + ‘If thou durst for her sake + A poynte of armes vndertake, + Thou broke her vp for ay.’ 833 + + [Sidenote: + ‘Yes,’ says Torrent.] + + ‘Ye,’ sayde he, ‘or I go, + Sykernes thou make me so + Of thy doughter hende. 836 + Ye and after all my ryghtes + By VII score of hardy knyghtes’ + Al they were Torentes frende. 839 + ‘Now, good lordes, I you praye, + Bere wytnes of this day + Agayne yf god me sende!’ 842 + + [Sidenote: + ‘Then go to Calabria, and fight the Giant Slogus.’] + + Torente sayd, ‘so may I the, + Wyst I, where my jorney shold [be], + Thyder I wolde me dyghte.’ 845 + The kyng gaue hym an answ[e]re, + ‘In the londe of Caleb[e]re + There wonneth a gyaunte wygh[hte] 848 + . . . . . . . . . . . . + Slogus he hyght as I the tolde, + God sende the that waye ryghte!’ 851 + + [[_all lines indented as shown_]] + + +[Headnote: FRAG. 4. TORRENT WILL NOT GIVE UP HIS GIANT-FIGHT.] + +IV.[F4] + + [Footnote F4: In Halliwell’s edition V.] + +[_Torrent is offerd a Princess of Provyns._] + + [Sidenote: + The king of Provyns warns him against the terrible Giant there,] + + . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . + For why I wyll the saye, 917 + Moche folke of that countre + Cometh heder for socoure to me, + Bothe by nyghte and by daye. 920 + There is a gyaunte of grete renowne, + He destroyeth bothe cyte and towne + And all that he may. 923 + As bokes of rome tell, + He was goten with the deuyll of hell, + As his moder slepynge lay.’ 926 + + [Sidenote: + and offers him his Daughter and 2 Duchies. Torrent says he must keep + his troth.] + + The kynge sayde, ‘by Saynt Adryan, + I rede, a nother gentylman + Be there and haue the degre. 929 + I haue a doughter, that me is dere, + Thou shalte wedde her to thy fere, + And yf it thy wyll be, 932 + Two duchyes in honde + I wyll gyue her in londe.’ + ‘Gramercy, syr,’ sayd he, 935 + ‘With my tonge I haue so wrought, + To breke my day wyll I nought, + Nedes me behoueth there to be.’ 938 + + [Sidenote: + Torrent starts,] + + ‘On Goddes name,’ the kynge gan sayne, + ‘Ie{s}u brynge the saffe agayne, + Lorde, moche of myght!’ 941 + Mynstralsy was them amonge, + With harpe, fedyll and songe, + Delycyous notes on hygh[t]e. 944 + Whan it was tyme, to bed they wente, + And on the morowe rose Torente + And toke leue of kynge and knyght 947 + And toke a redy way. + + +[Headnote: FRAG. 5. TORRENT HEARS OF THE CALABRIAN GIANT, SLOGUS.] + +Fragment V.[F5] + + [Footnote F5: In Halliwell’s edition IV.] + + By the se syde as it lay, + God sende hym gatys ryght! 950 + + [Sidenote: + reaches Calabria, and hears of the Giant.] + + An hye waye hath he nome, + Into Calabre is he come + Within two dayes or thre. 953 + So he met folke hym agayne, + Fast comynge with carte and wayne + Frowarde the se. 956 + ‘Dere God,’ sayd Torente now, + ‘Good folke, what eyleth you, + That ye thus fast fle?’ 959 + ‘There lyeth a gyaunte here besyde, + For all this londe brode and wyde + No man on lyue leueth he.’ 962 + + ‘Dere God,’ sayd Torente then, + ‘Wher euer be that fendes den?’ + They answered hym anone: 965 + ‘In a castell in the see, + Slogus’ they sayd ‘hyght he, + Many a man he hath slone. 968 + + [Sidenote: + The Giant Slogus is in Hungary.] + + We wote full well, where he doth ly + Byfore the cyte of Hungry,’ + . . . . . . . . . . 971 + + +[Headnote: FRAG. 6. TORRENT FIGHTS A GIANT. DESONELL HAS TWINS.] + +VI.[F6] + + [Footnote F6: Printed in _Englische Studien_, VII. p. 347 f.] + +[_Torrent fights the Giant._] + + [Sidenote: + The giant says he’ll wring Torrent’s nose. His Crook is 13 ft. long. + Torrent charges, pierces the Giant’s eye, and makes him roar.] + + . . . . . . all the wrynge, 1014 + . . . . . . . . lynge + . . . . . . . . . thou the 1016 + . . . . . . . . he toke, + . . . . . . . . bare a croke + . . . . . . . . te longe and thre 1019 + . . . . . . ever so longe were + . . . . . . . . had no fere + . . . . yd darste thou come nere 1022 + . . . . . nte nolengre a-byde + . . . . . nte wolde he ryde + . . . . ghte. 1025 + . . . . one eye but one, + . . . . . . neuer none, + . . . nor by nyght. 1028 + . . . . lpe of god of heuen, + . . . . . herin euen, + . . . . . . . . . . . . 1031 + . . . . gan to rore, + . . . . the cyte wore, + . . . ay. 1034 + . . . . es eyen were oute + . . . . . . . . boute + . . . . . . . . . . . 1037 + + [[_all line-initial dots are printed as shown; for the most + accurate reproduction, use a fixed-pitch font_]] + + +[Headnote: FRAG. 7. DESONELL AND HER TWINS ARE SENT TO SEA.] + +VII.[F7] + + [Footnote F7: In Halliwell’s edition I.] + +[_Desonell bears twins. All are sent out to sea. They reach land._] + + [Sidenote: + Desonell is delivered of 2 male children like Torrent. Her Father + says she shall be sent out to sea.] + + Thus the lady dwelled there, 1807 + Tyll that she delyuered were + Of men chyldren two. 1809 + Of all poyntes were they gent, + Lyke were they to Sir Torent, + For his loue suffred they wo. 1812 + The kynge sayd, ‘so mote I the, + Thou shalt into the se + Without wordes mo. 1815 + Every kynges doughter fer and nere + At the they shall lere, + Agaynst right to do!’ 1818 + + [Sidenote: + She is led from his land. The Queen bewails her daughter’s fate.] + + Great ruthe it was to se, + Whan they led that lady fre + Out of hir faders lande. 1821 + The quene, hir moder, was nere wode + For hir doughter, that gentyll fode, + Knyghtes stode wepynge.[F8] 1824 + + [Footnote F8: wepande.] + + [Sidenote: + Desonell is sent to sea.] + + A clothe of sylke toke they tho, + And departed it bytwene the chyldren two, + Therin they were wonde. 1827 + Whan they had shypped that gentyll thynge, + Anone she fell in swownynge + At Peron on the sonde. 1830 + Whan that lady was downe fall, + On Iesu Cryste dyd she call. + To defende hir with his honde: 1833 + + [Sidenote: + She prays to Christ for her children.] + + ‘Rightfull God, ye me sende + Some good londe on to lende, + That my chyldren may crystened be[n].’ 1836 + She sayd, ‘ladyes fayre and gent, + Great well my lorde Sir Torent, + Yf euer ye hym se[n]!’ 1839 + The wynde arose on the myght, + Fro the londe it blewe that lady bryght + Into the se so grene. 1842 + +[Headnote: FRAG. 7. DESONELL AND HER TWINS REACH LAND.] + + [Sidenote: + Desonell and her twin babes reach land. She stills her crying + child,] + + Wyndes and weders hathe hir dryuen, + That in a forest she is aryuen, + Where wylde bestys were. 1845 + The se was ebbe and went hem fro + And left hir and hir chyldren two + [Alo]ne without any fere. 1848 + Hir one chylde began to wepe, + The lady awoke out of hir slepe + And sayde, ‘be styll, my dere, 1851 + Ihesu Cryste hathe sent vs lande, + Yf there be any Crysten man at hande, + We shall haue socoure here.’ 1854 + + [Sidenote: + goes up a mountain, and sits down.] + + The carefull lady then was blythe, + To the londe she went full swythe, + As fast as she myght. 1857 + Tyll the day began to sprynge, + Foules on trees merely gan synge + Delicyous notes on hyght. 1860 + To a hyll went that lady fre, + Where she was ware of a cyte + With toures fayre and bryght. 1863 + Therof I-wys she was fayne, + She set hir downe, as I herd sayne, + Hir chyldren for to dyght. 1866 + + + + +NOTES. + + +PAGE 1, line 12. Cf. ll. 118, 187, 190, 198, 558, 924, 1924, 2183. So in +_Eglamour_ (Thornton Romances), l. 408: + + ‘The boke of Rome thus can telle,’ + +and _The Erl of Tolouse_, ed. Lüdtke, l. 1219: + + ‘Yn Rome thys geste cronyculyd ys.’ + +See Halliwell’s and Lüdtke’s notes to these passages. I agree with both +of them, that an expression like that does not earnestly refer the +reader to a Latin or Italian source of the story; there is evidently no +difference at all between _in Rome_ and _in romance_. + +p. 1, l. 15. _wyght_ has been inserted instead of _dowghtty_ in order to +restore the rhyme with _hyght_, _knyght_, _myght_; cf. _Havelok_, ed. +Skeat, l. 344: + + ‘He was fayr man and wicth.’ + +p. 1, l. 17 = _Ipomadon_, l. 63. Parallel passages to this hyperbolic +expression are collected in Kölbing’s note to this line (p. 364). + +p. 1, l. 24. We find the same idea as here, viz. that nobody can resist +the will of God, who has power over death and life, in _Sir Tristrem_, +ll. 236 ff.: + + ‘Þat leuedi, nouȝt to lain, + For soþe ded is sche! + Who may be ogain? + As god wil, it schal be, + Vnbliþe.’ + +p. 2, l. 28. I have not met with the verb _fesomnen_ anywhere else, and +it is not mentioned in Stratmann and Mätzner. Halliwell, Dictionary, +p. 354, explains it by ‘feoffed, gave in fee,’ doubtless regarding this +very passage, although he doesn’t cite it; might _fesomnyd_ not be a +corruption from _sesyd_? cf. _Havelok_, ll. 250 f.: + + ‘Þat he ne dede al Engelond + Sone sayse intil his hond.’ + +Hall writes to me on this word as follows: _fesomnyd_ is, I am +convinced, not a word at all, but a scribe’s error for _festonyd_ or +_festnyd_ = confirmed, fixed. Comp. ’_And þat ich hym wolde myd trewþe +siker faste on honde_,’ Robert of Gloucester (Hearne), p. 150. For this +use of _fasten, fastnen_, comp. ’_But my forwarde with þe I festen on +þis wyse_,’ Alliterative Poems, p. 47, l. 327: ’_& folden fayth to þat +fre, festned so harde_,’ Sir Gawayne, p. 57, l. 1783: ’_And þis forward, +in faith, I festyn with hond_,’ Destruction of Troy, p. 22, l. 636. See +also Jamieson’s Scottish Dictionary, ii. p. 216, under _to Fest_. + +p. 2, l. 30. I am by no means sure that _fede_ is the original reading, +but I wasn’t able to find a better word rhyming with _dedde_, _wede_; +even the _ne._ ‘feed’ means _pasture_, and that is what we expect here. + +p. 2, l. 31. For my correction cf. Lüdtke’s note to _The Erl of +Tolouse_, l. 199, sub 2; _Eglam._, l. 26: + + ‘That was a maydyn as whyte as fome,’ + +_Ib._ l. 683: + + ‘Crystyabelle as whyte as fome,’ + +where the _Percy Folio MS._ reads: + + ‘Christabell that was as faire as sunn;’ + +_Chronicle of England_, l. 75 f.: + + ‘Ant nomeliche to thy lemmon, + That ys wyttore then the fom.’ + +p. 2, l. 50. The alteration of _And_ and _bee_ into _An_ and _see_ +seemed necessary; _sayment_ is like Fr. _essaiement_, Lat. +_exagimentum_. + +p. 3, l. 59. Cf. l. 1216 f. and _The Lyfe of Ipomydon_, ed. Kölbing, +l. 1795: + + ‘If thou hyr haue, thou shalt hyr bye.’ + +p. 3, l. 77 f. As half of the stanza is lost, it is impossible to make +out to whom _they_ refers. Nor do I believe that l. 78 is correct, +especially as to _chaunce_. + +p. 3, l. 79. Cf. _Ipomadon_, ed. Kölbing, l. 8123: + + ‘A myle wyth in the Grekes see.’ + +p. 3, l. 80. _in an yle_ is certainly the correct reading; _mauyle_ was +introduced by a scribe who supposed it to be the giant’s name; but that +is mentioned some twenty lines later. + +p. 5, l. 136. The correction of _lyght_ into _ryght_ I owe to Hall, who +refers me to the legend of _Sancta Maria Egyptiaca_; cf. f. i. Barbour’s +_Legends of Saints_, ed. Horstmann, I. p. 143 ff. + +p. 6, l. 153. _nowyd_ = ‘anoyed’ gives a poor sense. Hall suggests +_nowtyd_; cf. E. D. S., No. 6, Ray’s _North Country Words_, p. 59, +_note_, to push, strike or soar, with the horn, as a bull or ram,’ ab. +A.S. _huitan_, ejusdem significationis. The word might then mean +‘spurred.’ + +p. 6, l. 171 = l. 596. This alliterative binding is a very frequent one; +cf. _Sir Orfeo_, ed. Zielke, p. 9. + +p. 7, l. 188. The same rhyme, which I have restored here, occurs +l. 559 f. + +p. 7, l. 190. _Yt tellythe_ = _Yt is told_; cf. Lüdtke, note to _The Erl +of Tolouse_, l. 1070, and Sarrazin, note to _Octavian_, l. 1749. + +p. 9, l. 236. I was about to write, _Crystyn men thow they were_, +referring this line to the guardians of the lions; but, no doubt, Hall’s +reconstruction of the line, which I have put into the text, is far +better. + +p. 9, l. 237. _Hys browys wexe bla_, i.e. he turned pale, he was struck +with fear; cf. _bloo askes_, P. Pl., l. 1553, and the German _aschfahl_. +Quite a similar expression occurs in _Perceval_, l. 687 f.: + + ‘Now sone of that salle wee see, + Whose browes schalle blakke.’ + +_Ib._ l. 1056: + + ‘His browes to blake.’ + +p. 9, l. 245. Though _syghyng_ gives no offence, still it may be, that +the author has written _syngyng_, and the scribe was wrong in altering +it; cf. Zupitza’s note to _Guy_, l. 5424. + +p. 9, l. 251. Cf. l. 802, 1204, _Ipomadon_, l. 6481 f.: + + ‘Your nece of Calabyre, that lady clere, + Ys bovnden wyth a fendes fere.’ + +_Reliquiæ Antiquæ_, i. p. 241: + + ‘He seith bi niȝte and eke bi day, + That hy beth fendes ifere.’ + +p. 10, l. 265 f. The reading of these two lines is quite destroyed by +the careless scribe. My correction is not more than an attempt to +restore the rhyme. + +p. 10, l. 277 ff. There is nothing in Torrent’s words which could lead +the princess to a conclusion like that. I think that after l. 276 one +stanza is wanting. + +p. 11, l. 286-8. As to the contents of these lines, Kölbing refers me to +_Englische studien_, vol. IV. p. 133 f., where F. Liebrecht mentions a +passage in _Sir Beves of Hamtoun_, according to which a king’s +daughter,--if she is a pure virgin,--can never be hurt by a lion. Here +we have another proof for this remarkable bit of folk-lore. + +p. 11, l. 292 = l. 329. + +p. 11, l. 303 = l. 342. + +p. 11, l. 305. I am not quite sure whether I was right in substituting +the prince’s name--which is mentioned once more, the first time, as it +were, l. 341--for the name of his father’s kingdom; but I didn’t see any +other way of restoring the rhyme. + +p. 12, l. 311. Cf. l. 469 and Skeat’s note to _Sir Thopas_, l. 1927. + +p. 12, l. 334. Instead of _he_ I should prefer to read _they_: Torrent +has just admonished the prisoners to cheer up. + +p. 13, l. 344. There must be something wrong in this line, because the +name of the third Earl’s son is missing; to write _the third_ instead of +_of_ may not suffice to put the text right; even the names _Torren_ and +_Berweyne_ seem to me very suspicious. + +p. 14, l. 379. Cf. _Ipomadon_, l. 4245, _for Crystys dede_; _Crystys_ +was substituted by Kölbing for _mannes_, which is clearly wrong; he +could as well have chosen _godes_. + +p. 15, l. 393 ff. Cf. Kölbing’s note to _Tristrem_, l. 736. + +p. 16, l. 427. Of this allusion to Veland, Halliwell treats in his +edition of _Sir Torrent_, p. vii f. Cf. Zupitza, _Ein zeugnis für die +Wieland-sage_, _Zeitschrift für deutsches Alterthum_, Vol. XIX, +p. 129 f. + +p. 16, l. 429-31. The line which follows l. 429 in the MS. is +superfluous; it damages the metre; and the rhyme with l. 430 won’t do. +The old king wishes to say; ‘I have seen the day when, if this sword +wielded by me fell on any one, he was considered done for, doomed to +death.’ Therefore l. 431, _I fawght therfor I told_ has been corrected +into _Fawe they were I-told_. The scribe did not understand the +obsolescent word _fawe_ or _faye_, so he wrote the nearest word to it to +make sense, _I-told_ = ‘held, considered.’--I. Hall. + +p. 17, l. 458. Cf. Breul’s note to _Sir Gowther_, l. 410. + +p. 17, l. 465. Cf. l. 2061 f. + +p. 20, l. 542. The scribe, who evidently didn’t know the pretty rare +word _clow_, has spoilt it to _colod_, or _colvd_; the same rhyme, +_clouȝ_, _drouȝ_, _anouȝ_ occurs in _Sir Tristrem_, l. 1761 ff. Nor did +the scribe know the word _swowe_ = ‘noise,’ and changed it to _swayne_; +cf. Hall. Dict., p. 843: _He come to him with a swowe_. + +p. 20, l. 543. _Of and on_, off and on, intermittently. + +p. 21, l. 555. _schyld_ is not to the point here, Torrent having only +his sword at hand. The scribe has forgotten what he has said himself, +l. 526 and 549; cf. l. 652. + +p. 21, l. 582-4. We meet with this description twice more in the poem, +ll. 1514-16, and ll. 1858-60. + +p. 23, l. 640. On the meaning of _theff_, cf. Kölbing’s note to _Am. and +Amil._, l. 787. + +p. 24, l. 659. _of Perowne_ is certainly wrong, as it does not agree +with the rhymes _stere_, _nere_, _fere_; but I don’t know how to amend +the line. + +p. 24, l. 662. _schere_ gives no meaning; I write _stere_ and translate, +There might nobody move further, _i.e._ the giant was brought to a +standstill in the glen. + +p. 24, l. 665. Cf. ll. 434, 791. + +p. 25, l. 688. Cf. _Eglam._, l. 324: + + ‘And to [the] herte hym bare.’ + +The weak preterit tense of _berien_ is very rare; if _bere_ = A.S. +_beran_ sometimes has the same meaning, _i.e._ ‘to strike,’ the reason +is that A.S. _beran_ and Icel. _berja_ are confounded. + +p. 25, l. 696. _woo_ can hardly stand for _wood_. It seems to me like a +last corruption of an old romance phrase, like _worthy inwith wall +(woȝe)_; possibly the line was simply so: _Thus in II journeys Torrent +so_.--Hall. + +p. 25, l. 700. On the use of M.E. _fote_ as a plural see Zupitza’s note +to _Guy_, l. 598. + +p. 26, l. 722. Hall suggests, the original phrase may have been: _pomely +whyt and grey_; cf. Chaucer, _C. T._, Prol., l. 615 f.: + + ‘This reeve sat vpon a ful good stot, + That was al {pomely gray}, and highte Scot.’ + +p. 27, l. 744. Cf. l. 788. On _St. James_ cf. Kölbing’s note to _Am. and +Amil._, l. 796. + +p. 29, l. 808 f. ‘In so dangerous conditions he has been before [and +still come back safe], so he will come back even this time.’ + +p. 29, l. 819. On the meaning of the phrase ’_the bord beginne_,’ cf. +Kölbing, _Englische studien_, III. p. 104, and Zupitza, _Anglia_, III. +p. 370 f. + +p. 30, l. 838. This stanza being incomplete, I think, the lacuna is to +be put after l. 838. The missing three lines contained the fact, that +the king promises Torrent, before his knights, that, when he has done +this deed, he will give him his daughter, and grant him one half of his +kingdom during his life, and the whole afterwards; cf. l. 1206 ff. The +odd number of XXVII knights is probably due only to the scribe; cf. F. +III: _By VII score of hardy knyghtes_. + +p. 31, l. 867 f. These two lines are poor, and the rhyme is very bad; +l. 868 may have run originally, _Thurrow Pervyns, for sothe, it ley_; +cf. l. 949. + +p. 32, l. 901. _squyere_, although very odd at the first sight, may +still be right; Torrent says: ‘The only squier that I took with me for +this journey, is my sword’; cf. l. 909. + +p. 33, l. 922. Cf. Kölbing’s note to _Ipomadon_, l. 3344. + +p. 33, l. 924-6. On the story of a child, begotten by a devil on a +sleeping woman, cf. Breul, _Sir Gowther_, p. 119 f. + +p. 34, l. 954 ff. Cf. _Tristrem_, l. 1409 ff.: + + ‘Out of Deuelin toun + Þe folk wel fast ran, + In a water to droun, + So ferd were þai þan.’ + +p. 34, l. 963 f. Cf. _Beves of Hamtoun_, l. 187 f.: + + ‘Madame, a seide, for loue myn, + Whar mai ich finde þat wilde swin?’ + +p. 36, l. 1000. Instead of _spere_ perhaps we ought to read _sworde_. + +p. 37, l. 1030 f. If we compare the rests of these lines in F. VI., this +reading or a similar one is to be expected. The reading of l. 1029 ff. +in the fragments may be completed so: _[Thourgh the he]lpe of god of +heuen Thorough ye and] herin euen God send the spere the right way_. + +p. 36, l. 1033 f. Cf. ll. 1166, 2468 f., and Kölbing’s note to _Sir +Tristrem_, l. 69 f. + +p. 38, l. 1070. ‘I came hither to seek my death,’ _i.e._ this expedition +was so dangerous, that I expected to die. + +p. 38, l. 1076. Cf. _Ipomadon_, l. 239 f.: + + ‘Tyll vncovth contreys will I wende, + The maner wille I see.’ + +p. 39, l. 1081. _is_ was to be corrected into _it_: ‘Because you slew +him that possessed it.’ + +p. 39, l. 1086. This line, according to Hall’s emendation, means: You +owe no homage or feudal due, the manor is yours and your heirs’ for +ever; _i.e._ the manor is in fee simple, and free from any feudal +obligation. + +p. 39, st. 95. The text would be improved by putting ll. 1104-6 before +1101-3, although this transposition is not absolutely necessary. + +p. 39, l. 1105. _lefte_ may be a mistake for _loste_; cf. _Gower_, I. +207: + + ‘Contenaunce for a þrowe + He loste.’ + +p. 40, l. 1117. Cf. Ritson’s _Met. Rom._, III. p. 341 f., and Zupitza’s +note to _Guy_, l. 436. + +p. 40, l. 1121. _he bare_ looks rather suspicious, but it is supported +by l. 2169. The author is about to describe the figures inlaid on the +shield. Cf. _Eglamour_, l. 1030 f.: + + ’_He bare_ in azure[N1] a grype of golde, + Rychely beton on the molde.’ + + [Footnote N1: So _Percy Fol. MS._; _aserre_ Thornt.] + +p. 40, l. 1124. This line is hopelessly spoilt; the scribe, careless as +he was, has almost literally repeated l. 1121; l. 1125 directly +continues the description begun before. + +p. 40, l. 1132. Is _than I haue in tale_ right? We expect rather: _than +I can telle in tale_. + +p. 41, l. 1138 f. Cf. l. 1587 f. + +p. 41, l. 1143. I thought it necessary to insert _mete_, although +Mätzner, _Wörterbuch_, II. p. 274, cites this line as the only instance +in the M.E. literature for _glad_ as a substantive. But even the sense +is very poor without this addition. + +p. 41, l. 1144. As to a man riding into the hall, cf. Skeat’s note to +Chaucer’s _Squiere’s Tale_, l. 80, and Kölbing’s note to _Ipomadon_ +l. 6253 f. + +p. 41, l. 1150 f. I hope my alterations in l. 1151 are right. It cannot +be said that the King of Aragon defends the lady unless somebody has +laid claims to her. Torrent wants either three combats or the lady, +quite a regular occurrence in mediæval romances. + +p. 41, l. 1154. _none_, i.e. _no lady_. + +p. 41, l. 1160. Cf. Kölbing’s note to _Tristrem_, l. 138. + +p. 41, l. 1165. _the gres_, which word is here required by the rhyme, +is, in the same way as in this passage, used for ‘battle-field,’ in +_Perceval_, l. 1225 f.: + + ‘Hedes and helmys ther was, + I telle ȝow withowttene lese, + Many layde {one the gresse}, + And many brode schelde.’ + +p. 42, l. 1181. _For tynding of his hand_ = for fear of (= _for_) the +beating (blows) of his hand. Schoolboy slang still keeps the word ’_to +tund_’ = to beat with something flat.--HALL. + +p. 42, l. 1193. On this expression Skeat treats in _Notes to P. Pl._, +p. 3987, to which note I refer the reader. Cf. _Li B. Disc._, l. 130 f. +(Ritson, _Rom._ II. p. 6): + + ‘Hys schon wer with gold ydyght + And {kopeth} as a knyght.’ + +p. 43, l. 1198 f.: ‘None of them said a single word, But that Torrent +had been right to do so as he had done.’ + +p. 43, l. 1211. There is an evident contradiction between this line and +l. 1199. I suppose the word _waried_ to be wrong; but I am not able to +give a fairly certain emendation of it. + +p. 44, l. 1228 f.: ‘The king had supposed he was dead, and, indeed, +foolhardy he was to undertake an adventure like this.’ + +p. 45, l. 1268 f. This fight between the giant Cate and Torrent reminds +us in some points of the combat between Guy and Colbrond. Like the old +northern _holmganga_, both fights take place on an island, and in both +cases the giant declines to sit on horseback, because he is too heavy; +cf. _Guy of Warwike_, Edinburgh, 1840, l. 9940 ff.: + + ‘When þai had sworn and ostage founde, + Colbrond stirt vp in þat stounde, + To fiȝt he was ful felle. + He was so michel and so vnrede, + That no hors miȝt him lede, + In gest as y you telle. + So mani he hadde of armes gere, + Vnneþe a cart miȝt hem bere, + Þe Inglisse for to quelle.’ + +p. 45, l. 1270. _he_ instead of _him_ is remarkable; this personal +construction, provided that it is right, would offer an analogue to _I +am wo_ instead of _me is wo_; cf. Kölbing’s note to _Tristrem_, l. 245. + +p. 45, l. 1271 = l. 1546. + +p. 46, l. 1307. This line ought probably to run thus: + + ’_Sir Torent praid, as was his wonne._’ + +p. 47, l. 1337 f. This is SAINT _Nycholas de Barr_, not sir N., as the +copyist has put. He was hardly a cleric, or he would have known the Boy +Bishop. An English reference for S. Nicholas is Alban Butler, _Lives of +the Fathers, Martyrs_, etc., vol. vii. p. 989, Dublin, 1833. His day is +Dec. 6th, consequently he is not in _Acta Sanctorum_; see besides +_Altenglische legenden, Neue folge_, ed. Horstmann, Heilbronn, 1881, p. +11-16, and Barbour’s _Legendensammlung_, ed. Horstmann, I. p. 229-245. +_Barr_ is _Bari_ in Italy, and Barbour, I. p. 238, l. 601 f., knew it +was two syllables (cf. the rhyme _þame be: Barre_). Nicholas was the +patron of sailors, and churches on the sea-coast in all parts of Europe +were dedicated to him. Now as Sir Torrent had been in peril at sea, he +offers to him. It was customary to offer garments at such shrines. See +Hampson, _Medii Ævi Kalendarium_, I. p. 72. Hence I propose for l. 1338: +_A grett Erldome and a simarr_. _Simarr_ is not a common word, which +makes it all the more probable here, since the uncommon words are those +which are corrupted and lost. See _Prompt. Parv._, I. p. 75: ’_chymer, +abella_,’ that is ‘abolla, cloak.’ M.E. _simar_, Fr. _simarre_.--HALL. +I have not hesitated for a moment to introduce this sagacious conjecture +into the text; also the correction of _redith_ into _tas_ I owe to Mr. +Hall. + +p. 48, l. 1353. Cf. Kölbing’s note to _Sir Tristrem_, l. 2508. + +p. 48, l. 1364. We ought probably to read _she_ instead of _he_. + +p. 48, l. 1367 f. Cf. l. 1756 f. + +p. 48, l. 1378. Cf. _Sir Tristrem_, l. 2458: + + ‘Bi holtes and bi hille.’ + +p. 49, l. 1385 ff. Here he addresses the King of Portugal. In l. 1385 +_the_ is superfluous, and should perhaps be struck out. + +p. 49, l. 1395. _fend_ = _defend_; cf. Zupitza’s note to _Guy_, l. 576. + +p. 51, l. 1443 f. As the existence of _fede_ = _fode_, ‘fellow’ is +proved by no other passage, we ought perhaps to write _As spede me god: +ffode_, or _As g. me save: knave_, instead of _As god me spede: ffede_. + +p. 51, l. 1445. The alteration of _fleand_, which is absurd here, into +_failand_ is supported by l. 1280. + +p. 51, l. 1446. As to _make_ instead of _made_, cf. l. 332. + +p. 51, l. 1463. Cf. l. 2090 f. I am afraid neither of these passages is +quite right. + +p. 53, l. 1518. Perhaps we ought to read: + + ‘And out of the valey he hyd swith.’ + +p. 54, l. 1531. I don’t believe that the poet used the word _tree_ +thrice within these four lines; perhaps he wrote for l. 1531: _Shold not +drawe it, parde_. + +p. 54, l. 1551. Cf. _Guy_, ed. Zupitza, l. 5430: + + ‘To reste þer horsys a lytull wyght,’ + +and Zupitza’s note to l. 419. + +p. 55, l. 1570. Cf. Stratmann’s note to _Havelok_, l. 1129 (_Englische +studien_, I. p. 424). + +p. 56, l. 1592. _To the I haue full good gate_ means, ‘I am fully +entitled to kill you.’ I don’t recollect to have met with any parallel +passage. + +p. 56, l. 1600. That _dynt_ is wrong, the rhyme shows as well as the +meaning. But whether my alteration is right, seems very doubtful, +especially as l. 1609 offers the same rhyming word. + +p. 58, st. 142. Rhymes like _dight_, _be-taught_, _draught_, _right_ can +by no means be admitted. Now, instead of _be-taught_ we may be allowed +to write _be-teighte_ (cf. _Beket_, l. 1827), and l. 1654 may have run: + + ‘He wold haue a draught, aplight.’ + +p. 59, l. 1676. After _was_, _sent_ may have been dropped. + +p. 59, l. 1692. _For his love_, i.e. ‘As his sweetheart.’ + +p. 60, l. 1714. Cf. _Ipomadon_, l. 52: + + ‘Begge he wex of bonne and blode.’ + +_Ib._ l. 1763: + + ‘Ryghtte bygge of bone and blode.’ + +p. 60, l. 1722: ‘All his men agreed with him,’ viz. that this was the +knight whom he came to seek. + +p. 62, l. 1774. Is _her day_ = A.S. _aerdagas_, cf. _Havelok_, l. 27? +The word is very rare, and in this meaning occurs only in the plural. + +p. 62, l. 1777. After _king_, _on kne_ may have dropped out. + +p. 63, l. 1799. Cf. Chaucer, _C. T._, the Millere’s Tale, l. 325: + + ‘Say what thou wolt, I schal it never telle + To child no wyf, by him that harwed helle.’ + +_Ib._, The Sompnoure’s Tale, l. 407: + + ‘Now help, Thomas, for him that harewed helle.’ + +Perhaps even here, l. 1702, _Iesu, that made hell_, ought to be altered +into _I. that harowde hell_. + +p. 64, l. 1846. Perhaps we ought to read _ebbyng_ instead of _eb_, +according to l. 223; one can hardly say, that ‘the sea is eb.’ + +p. 68, l. 1961. Instead of _A_ I should prefer to read _The_, because +this griffon is the same which robbed the child before. + +p. 69, l. 1982. _Of what lond that he is left_, i.e. ‘Wherever he may be +born.’ + +p. 69, l. 1991 f. Cf. _Ipomadon_, l. 50 f.: + + ‘He sayd: Fro tyme he kepe tham con, + My landes I shall hym take.’ + +p. 70, l. 2002. _It is good in euery fight_, i.e. there is a stone in +the ring which heals wounds, if they are touched with it; cf. Kölbing’s +note to _Ipomadon_, l. 8018. + +p. 70, l. 2010. Halliwell, p. 306, explains _disparlid_ by ‘beaten down, +destroyed,’ a meaning which is not fit for this passage. I read with a +slight addition _disparplid_ = ‘dispersed,’ a rare word; cf. +_Stratmann_, p. 156. + +p. 71, l. 2026. _But_ is probably to be altered into _And_. + +p. 72, l. 2053. Cf. Kölbing’s note to _Tristrem_, l. 3068. + +p. 72, l. 2075. One might be inclined to write: + + ‘That my two children vncrystonyd ware,’ + +but I don’t think that we are obliged to change: ‘I cared only for that +one thing, That my two children might be christened.’ + +p. 74, l. 2126. For _hing_ instead of _heng_ cf. Mätzner, +_Sprachproben_, I. 1, p. 292, note to line 675, where _hynges_ rhymes +with _springes_. + +p. 74, l. 2135. _hede vale_, i.e. principal, best choice; _vale_ = +_wale_, or perhaps aphetic for _avale_ = value.--HALL. + +p. 74, l. 2138. _born_ seems to me somewhat suspicious, though I cannot +propose a better reading; _and torn_ instead of _born_ wouldn’t do. + +p. 75, l. 2152. The imperfect rhyme shows that there is something wrong +in this line; it may be restored thus: + + ‘Loo, lordys good and hende.’ + +p. 75, l. 2153. _wyll haue_ has probably been inserted here from the +following line; we ought to read _has_. + +p. 75, l. 2157. _Season for to hold_, i.e. ‘in order to hold court.’ But +I don’t know another instance of _season_ with this meaning. + +p. 76, l. 2174. This line involves a contradiction to l. 2158 f. + +p. 76, l. 2185. _smote_ means the same as _caste_; cf. _King Horn_, ed. +Wissmann, l. 1038: + + ‘And ankere gunne caste.’ + +The only question is, whether _ankere_ is allowed to be supplied or must +be added; cf. l. 2203. + +p. 77, l. 2209-2214. The Sultan informs Torrent by messengers, that the +inhabitants of the town are starving, evidently appealing to his +generosity. Torrent answers him, that if they will lie here, _i.e._ +leave the town, they are to have victuals enough. But the Sultan doesn’t +accept this condition, and so the siege is continued. That seems to me +to be the meaning of this half of the stanza. + +p. 77, l. 2216 f. _dede_ means here, and l. 2400, ‘exploit, battle.’ In +the same way Saber, Beves’s uncle, once a year on a certain day fights +against the Emperor; cf. _Sir Beues_, l. 2917 ff.: + + ’& eueri ȝer on a dai certaine + Vpon þemperur of Almaine + He ginneþ gret bataile take, + Beues, al for þine sake.’ + +It agrees very well with the religious feelings of the Middle Ages, when +they thought it a merit to fight against the heathens on Good Friday; +cf. here l. 2230 ff. + +p. 77, l. 2224 ff. I am afraid there is something wrong in these lines; +the copyist seems to mean, that Torrent didn’t bereave the inhabitants +of their worldly goods, their treasures; then we must write _them_ for +_it_. But what we really expect here is, that he leaves in the town some +trustworthy men to keep it. Accordingly, the fault lies in _Worldely +goodis_. Besides, l. 2224, _did wyn_, instead of _was yn_, would improve +the rhyme. + +p. 77, l. 2232. _bryght_ is a rather odd epithet to _Sarȝins_. + +p. 78, l. 2233 ff. Fifteen years have past since Torrent began to +fight against the infidels: he besieges the first town two years (cf. +l. 2189), the second, six years (cf. l. 2206), the third, seven years +(cf. l. 2230). Meanwhile, the education of a young man being finished at +the age of fifteen (cf. Kölbing’s note to _Tristrem_, l. 287), his son +had become just old enough to win his spurs. + +p. 78, l. 2240. I doubt whether _ordeyn_ can be allowed to stand without +an object, such as _your folk_, or _your ships_; cf. _Robert of +Glo’ster_, ed. Hearne, p. 139, l. 19: + + ‘He bigan to ordeyne ys folk, & to batail aȝen drow.’ + +p. 78, l. 2256: ‘Woebegone was she, that must see that,’ viz. that ‘le +leopard took away her sone.’ + +p. 78, l. 2259 f. The meaning of these two lines is not quite +perspicuous, and they may be corrupt; only this one thing is clear, that +these two knights are Torrent and his son, who belong to different +parties. + +p. 79, l. 2269 ff. It may be that ll. 2269-71 and ll. 2272-74 are to be +transposed, but I don’t think it necessary: Torrent’s men flee when they +see that their chief has surrendered. + +p. 80, l. 2302. _wekid_ = wicked, mischievous. But I don’t recollect to +have met with this adj. as an epithet to _land_ or _country_. + +p. 80, l. 2304. Cf. _Tristrem_, l. 88, Kölbing’s note to that passage, +and _York Plays_, p. 438, l. 155: + + ‘For, certys, my lyf days are nere done.’ + +p. 80, l. 2316. The alteration of this line is rather a radical one; but +there was no other way to restore the rhyme; I think that first, _day_ +and _nyȝt_ had changed their places in line 2313, and then the copyist, +in order to get a rhyme to _nyȝt_, spoilt the latter line. + +p. 81, l. 2335. _be my ffaye_ and _parmaffay_ in the same stanza, and +both in the rhyme, are rather poor; one of these lines may have run +thus: + + ‘Be god of heven, the king gan say.’ + +p. 82, l. 2357. The same confusion between _turment_ and _turnament_ +occurs in _Ipomadon_, l. 2868; cf. Kölbing’s note to this line. + +p. 83, l. 2392. Cf. _Ipomadon_, l. 3958: + + ‘A mercy, syr, for Crystes pitte,’ + +and Kölbing’s note to this line. + +p. 83, l. 2395 f. Cf. Kölbing’s note to _Tristrem_, l. 3064, where he +cites an interesting parallel passage to this line from _Guy of +Warwick_, ed. Zupitza, l. 4707 f.: + + ‘Ȝyt þou art the trewest knyght, + That euer slepyd in wynturs nyght.’ + +p. 83, l. 2405. _and_ is perhaps miswritten for _an_ or _on_. + +p. 83, l. 2407. This line, as it stands, is rather odd; perhaps it ought +to be identical with l. 1128. + +p. 84, l. 2420. _juster_, _jouster_, means here a knight who joins in a +joust or tournament: in the only other passage where it is known to +occur, _Alis._, l. 1400, it is a horse for tourneying. + +p. 84, l. 2433 = l. 2456; cf. _Ipomadon_, l. 8830: + + ’_Euery man in there degre._’ + +p. 85, l. 2450. On _roial_, cf. Kölbing’s note to _Ipomadon_, l. 64. To +_a roall ffyght_ may be compared Shakespeare’s _A royal battle_ (_Rich. +III._, IV. iv.). + +p. 85, l. 2461. _with oute lent_ = ‘without fasting’? I have not met +with this expletive phrase anywhere else. + +p. 86, l. 2493. It was not superfluous to mention this fact, because +knights were very often killed in tournaments; cf. Niedner, _Das +deutsche turnier im XII. und XIII. Iahrhundert_, Berlin, 1881, p. 24. +See also R. Brunne’s _Handlyng-Synne_, ed. Furnivall, 1862, p. 144-6. + +p. 87, l. 2518-20. As to the meaning of _couplid_, cf. Mätzner, +_Wörterbuch_, I. p. 491. These lines evidently mean that gentlemen and +ladies sit alternately, what one calls in German, _bunte reihe machen_. +Cf. A. Schultz, _Das höfische Leben Zur Zeit der Minnesinger_, I. +p. 330, and P. Pietsch, Bunte Reihe, _Zeitschrift für deutsche +Philologie_, vol. xvi. Halle, 1884, p. 231, who cites from _Biterolf_, +l. 7399 ff.: + + ‘Do hiezens under mîne man + Ir ingesinde wol getân + Sich teilen in dem palas, + Daz kein mîn recke dâ was, + Ern sæze zwischen magedîn.’ + +p. 87, l. 2526. _emell_ was added by Hall in order to restore the rhyme +with _Desonell_. + +p. 88, l. 2535. For this correction, cf. Zupitza’s note to _Guy_, +l. 600. + +p. 90, l. 2593. After _marked_, _them_ may have dropped; cf. _Layamon_, +l. 5642 f.: + + ‘And heom markede forđ, + Touward Munt-giu heo ferden,’ + +instead of which lines the later MSS. writes: + + ‘Hii nome riht hire way + Touward Muntageu.’ + +p. 90, l. 2597. On _castelletoure_ cf. Kölbing’s note to _Tristrem_, +l. 158. + +p. 91, l. 2636. Cf. Kölbing’s notes to _Amis and Amiloun_, l. 1019, and +to _The lyfe of Ipomadon_, l. 506. Here the expression, _no good he ne +couth_ means, he was quite feeble and strengthless. + +p. 92, l. 2658. _up-tyed_ = so limited by the deed of foundation that +they (the churches and abbeys) could not be diverted to any other +purpose.--HALL. + +p. 92, l. 2661. Cf. _Eglamour_, l. 1339, Lincoln MS.: + + ‘In Rome this romance crouned es.’ + +The Cambridge MS. reads instead: + + ‘In Rome thys geste cronyculd ys.’ + +I am inclined to think that _crouned_ is nothing else but a misreading +for _cronyculd_. Afterwards, considered to be correct, it has originated +expressions like those we find here. + + + + +GLOSSARY. + +[Transcriber’s Note: + +Asterisks* are not explained. They seem to indicate words that did not +appear in the original MS but are the result of editorial emendation. +They may or may not occur elsewhere in the text.] + + _abydde_, 2/41, _vb._ to endure. + _a-bye_, 21/569, _vb._ to pay for. + _actone_, 79/2276, _sb._ a jacket of quilted cotton. + Cf. Skeat’s Glossary to _Wars of Al._, s.v. + _ago_, 3/65, _pp._ gone. + _a-right_, 48/1364, _pt. s._ prepared, served up. + _assent_, 48/1357, _sb._ proposal. + _assttyt_, 23/640, _adv._ at once. + _auter_, 68/1952, _sb._ altar. + _avented_, 54/1554, _pt. s. refl._ recovered his breath. + _aventorres_, 2/39, _sb. pl._ adventures. + _aventurly_, 44/1229, _adv._ boldly. + _axithe_, 10/260, _pr. 3 sg._ asks. + + _balle_, 15/400, _sb._ bale. + _bane_,* 29/794, _sb._ bone; + 52/1478, _sb._ destruction, death; + 59/1678, _sb._ over-comer. + _bare_, 53/1502, _pr. s._ stabbed. + _barys_, 35/978, _sb. pl._ bars. + _bayte_, 54/1553, _vb._ to pasture. + _bed_, 29/793, _pp._ offered. + _bent_, 25/701, 86/2487, _sb._ battle-field. + _berdles_, 36/1015, _adj._ beardless. + _bere_, 37/1045, _vb._ to stab. + _be-stad_, 29/808, _pp._ sore bestad = distressed. + _bet_, 57/1622, _pt. s._ beat. + _be-taught_, 58/1651, _pp._ surrendered, delivered. + _bett_, 55/1585, _pp._ beaten; 40/1123, _pp._ ornamented. + _be-tyde_, 45/1270, _vb._ to befall; cf. the note to this line. + _beytyng_, 36/1008, _vb. sb._, baiting.? + _bla_,* 9/237, _adj._ pale, wan; cf. the note. + _blo_,* 13/351, _adj._ blue. + _blynd_, 4/87, _pr. s. conj._ blind. + _bode_, 18/498, _pr. s._ ordered. + _boffettes_, 85/2472; + _buffettes_, 56/1596, _sb. pl._ blow, dint. + _bone_, 55/1565, _sb._ prayer. + _bord_, 29/819, 42/1194, _sb._ table. + _bowes_, 51/1451, _sb. pl._ bough, branch. + _bowght_, 21/556, _sb._ bend. + _brayd_, 56/1598, _sb._ sudden attack. + _broke_, 30/833, 48/1354, _vb._ to enjoy. + _browȝ_, 24/654, _sb._ rising ground, hill. + _byddythe_, 18/500, _pr. s._ waited, remained. + _byght_, 22/605, _vb._ to bite. + _byne_, 2/46, _vb._ to be. + _byrlyd_, 11/292, 12/329, _pr. s._ to pour out. + + _castell toure_, 90/2597, _sb._ castle tower. + _chaffare_, 35/986, _sb._ bargain. + _chalenge_, 41/1150; + _pr. s._ 41/1163; + _pr. s. conj._ challenge. + _cheff-foster_, 21/574, _sb._ chief-foster. + _ches_, 26/718, _pr. s._ chose. + _chyrge_, 29/814, _sb._ church. + _clarkys_, 1/12, _sb. pl._ clerks. + _clere_, 3/62, _adj._ _clere of_, renowned for. + _clow_,* 20/542, _sb._ clough. + _cobled_, 46/1298, _adj._ cobled stones = cobblestones. + _comely_, 26/722, _adv._ in a comely manner; cf. the note. + _contenance_,* 3/75, _sb._ countenance, presence of mind. + _cord_, 48/1357, _pr. s._ accord. + _coueryd_, 87/2506, _pr. pl._ _Vp they coueryd_ = They recovered.? + _countenance_, 39/1105, _sb._ countenance. + _couped_, 42/1193, _pp._; cf. the note. + _coupled_, 87/2520, _pp._ coupled; cf. the note. + _coursus_, 41/1150, 42/1177, _sb. pl._ courses. + _couth_, 46/1295, 91/2636, _pr. s._ knew. + _craftely_, 54/1527, _adv._ skilfully. + _crest_, 40/1128; + _creste_, 83/2407, _sb._ crest. + _croke_, 36/1018, 37/1042, 55/1577, 56/1607, 58/1652, _sb._ crook. + + _dalle_, 21/562, _sb._ valley. + _delyuer_, 41/1154, _vb._; + 41/1151, _imp._ to deliver up; + _delyuerd_, 63/1806, 1808, _pp._ delivered of a child; + _delyuerd_, 82/2372, _pp._ released? + _dent_, 2/41, _sb._ blow. + _departid_, 47/1329, _pr. pl._ divorced. + _dewe_, 4/88, _sb._ dieu. + _deyr_, 2/37, _adj._ dear. + _deyse_, 38/1067, 42/1192, _sb._ dais. + _dight_, 39/1081, _pr. s._ built. + _disparplid_,* 70/2010, _pp._ dispersed; cf. the note. + _dong_, 61/1754, _pr. pl._ dung, beat. + _dourst_, 3/81, _prs. sg._ darest. + _draught_, 58/1654, _sb._ draught. + _dryee_, 36/994, _vb._ endure. + _duchyes_, 33/933, _sb. pl._ duchies. + _dulful_, 19/519, _adj._ troublesome. + _dynnyng_, 52/1487, _sb._ roaring. + _dyspisyst_, 2/47, _prs. 2 sg._ despisest. + + _eb_, 64/1846, _sb._ ebb; cf. the note. + _ebbyd_, 8/223, _pp._ ebbing. + _ech_, 92/2657, _pron._ each. + _eche_, 24/649, _sb._ oak. + _endentyd_, 9/227, _pp._ indented, adorned. + _erber_, 65/1868, _sb._ garden of pleasure. + _ermyght_, 36/1008, _sb._? + _eyllythe_, 34/958, _prs. 3 sg._ ails. + + _fall_, 47/1331, _vb._ to fell, kill. + _fame_, 2/31, _sb._ foam. + _fare_, 44/1234, _sb._ at that fare = under these circumstances. + _farly_, 2/44; + _ferly_, 69/1974, 71/2035, _sb._ wonder. + _fawe_,* 16/431, _adj._ destined to death. + _fede_,* 2/30, _sb._ feed, pasture ground; cf. the note. + _ffede_, 51/1444, _sb._; cf. the note. + _fell_, 85/2444, _adj._ strong, able. + _fell_, 1/21, 4/90, _vb._ to fell, kill; + _fellythe_, 3/82, _pr. 3 sg._ fells. + _fere_, 3/69, 4/98, 4/102, 33/931, 85/2466, _sb._ companion. + _fesomnyd_, 2/28, _pr. s._; cf. the note. + _fet_, 12/309, _pp._ fetched. + _ffettouris_, 81/2333, _sb. pl._ fetters. + _flyng_, 67/1927, _vb._ to hasten. + _flyngyng_, 14/378, _p. prs._ hastening. + _fode_, 36/1012, _sb._ food; _ffode_, 64/1823, _sb._ child, wight. + _ffont_, 69/1993, _sb._ font. + _forsake_, 26/724, _vb._ to leave behind. + _fforward_, 41/1743, _sb._ agreement. + _fraye_, 23/638, _sb._ attack. + _freke_, 58/1661, _sb._ warrior. + _frethe_, 6/161, _sb._ forest. + _fyle_, 33/911, _sb._ fill. + _ffyne_, 39/1086, _sb._ fine. + _fytte_, 17/458, _sb. pl._ feet. + _fytyng_, 7/1731, _p. prs._ fighting. + + _gadlyng_, 36/1015, _sb._ vagabond. + _gale_, 46/1313, _sb._ galley. + _gas_, 4/103, _prs. 3 sg._ goes. + _gestonye_, 82/2374, 91/2625, 91/2627, _sb._ banquet, feast. + _gethe_, 71/2042, _prs. 3 sg._ goes. + _glemyrryng_, 16/426, _p. prs._ glimmering. + _governe_, 28/779, _vb. refl._ to behave. + _greme_,* 67/1929, _sb._ grief, sorrow. + _grennyng_, 40/1126, _p. prs._ distorting, gaping. + _gryffon_, 69/1971; + _greffon_, 69/1981, _sb._ griffin. + _grype_, 68/1961, _sb._ griffin. + + _harood_, 60/1711, _sb._ herald; + 82/2365, _harroldys_, _sb. pl._ heralds. + _harood_, 63/1799, _pr. s._ distracted. + _hed_, 17/444, _sb._ heed. + _hede_, 74/2126, _vb._ to behead. + _hede-vale_, 74/2135, 91/2621, _sb._ principal value; + cf. the note to l. 2135. + _hedles_, 25/702, _adj._ headless. + _hende_, 4/106, _adj._ courteous. + _herne_,* 37/1030, _sb._ brains. + _heved_,* 14/371, _sb._ head. + _hight_, 65/1860, _sb._ height. + _housell_, 45/1272; + _howsell_, 74/2139, _sb._ housel. + _howge_, 20/548, _adj._ huge, enormous. + _howt_, 25/703, _adv._ out. + _hurt_, 57/1625, _sb._ hurt. + + _i-bye_, 43/1222, _vb._ to pay for. + _i-wysse_, 15/391, _adv._ surely. + _juster_, 84/2420, _sb._ jousting knight. + + _kene_, 2/47, _adj._ brave. + _kerpyng_, 92/2662, _vb. sb._ talking. + + _lade_, 58/1663, _sb._ load, i.e. a lot of blows. + _lay_, 6/165, 52/1492, _sb._ grass land, bank. + _lede_, 2/36, _sb._ country. + _lemyred_, 11/291, _pr. s._ glimmered. + _lenage_, 18/491, _sb._ lineage, family. + _lende_, 1/9, _prs. pl._ go. + _leng_, 32/899, _vb._ to stay. + _lent_, 85/2461, _sb._ lent? + _leryd_, 40/1110, _pp._ informed. + _lifte_, 45/1273, _vb._ to lift. + _lothly_, 34/964, 35/991; + lothely, 53/1508, 54/1534, _adj._ loathsome. + _love_, 59/1692, _sb._ love, sweet-heart. + _lyst_, 1/7, _vb._ to listen. + _lythe_, 13/337, _vb._ to listen. + _lyvelode_, 83/2384, _sb._ livelihood. + + _maistershipmon_, 50/1425, _sb._ captain. + _mall_, 12/322, _sb._ hammer, club. + _markyd_, 90/2592, _pr. s._ directed. + _mate_, 25/678, _adj._ faint, exhausted. + _maynerey_, 16/435, _sb._ banquet, feast. + _maystry_, 8/212, _sb._ mastery; + _maystres_, 28/789, _sb. pl._ = _maystries_, exploits? + _meche_, 10/270, 20/531, 26/713, 37/1040, _adj._ much, great. + _met_, 25/700, _pr. s._ measured. + _moche_, 49/1399, 76/2195, _adj._ much, great. + _myd mete_, 41/1141, 42/1189, _sb._ the middle of the dinner. + _mylle_, 3/79, _sb._ mile. + _myrre_, 11/293, 34/943, _adj._ merry. + _myster_, 21/581, _sb._ need, want. + + _nonys_, 46/1299, _in phr. for þe nones_, for the once, for the + occasion. + _noryse_, 67/1928, _sb._ nurse. + _not_,* 54/1535, _prs._ _ne wot_, don’t know. + _nowyd_, 6/153, _pp._ annoyed? cf. the note. + + _of-smyght_, 25/691, _vb._ to cut off. + _omage_, 39/1086, _sb._ homage. + _onfre_,* 53/1499, _adj._ unnoble. + _on-harnes_, 11/302, _vb._ to unharness. + _ordor_, 2/51, _sb._ order. + _ordurres_, 2/48, _sb. pl._ knighthood, dub. + _ovyr-ryde_, 2/40, _vb._ to ride over, to overcome? + + _payn_, 44/1252, _sb._ fine, mulct. + _persewyd_,* 17/462, _pp._ pursued. + _pertely_, 53/1501, _adv._ openly, plainly. + _pluckys_, 56/1611, _sb._ strokes; cf. Halliwell, Dict., p. 633. + _pomell_, 26/714, _sb._ pommel. + _poynt_, 17/445, 88/2540, = _poynt of armys_, 3/68, 30/832, 49/1383, + _sb._ exploit. + _prekand_, 45/1263, _prs. p._ pricking. + _preste_, 50/1418, _adj._ ready. + _preve_, 10/275, _adj._ privy. + _pyll_, 21/573, _sb._ rock? + + _ragyd_, 7/194, _adj._ ragged. + _rawght_, 24/645, _pr. s._ gave. + _red_, 7/178, _sb._ counsel. + _reioyse_, 75/2151, 80/2309, 91/2640, _vb._ to enjoy. + _rerid_, 55/1561, _pr. pl._ reared, tried to bring on. + _reue_, 35/986, _vb._ to bereave, to rob. + _reuelid_, 85/2467, _pr. pl._ revelled, feasted. + _revid_, 88/2546, _pp._ robbed. + _rewe_, 31/860, _vb._ to rue, to pity. + _reysed_, 46/1313, _pr. pl._ raised, made ready; + _reysing_, 51/1454, _prs. p._ rising, starting up. + _rially_, 87/2516, _adv._ royally. + _rialte_, 85/2455, _sb._ royal state. + _rightfull_, 64/1834, _adj._ rightfull. + _roall_, 85/2450, _adj._ royal. + _rome_, 19/516, _sb._ cross-way? + _rore_, 37/132, _vb._ to roar. + _rough_, 66/1879, _sb._ wood, copse. + _rowe_, 50/1426, _prs. pl._ row. + _rowght_, 24/645, _sb._ stroke, blow? + _rude_, 58/1666, _adj._ rude. + _ryd_, 2/44, _pr. s._ rode. + _ryde-wey_, 22/598, _sb._ spur-way, horse-way. + _ryngis_, 82/2354, _sb._ ring, arena. + _ryved_, 73/2090, _pr. s._ ryved up, landed, disembarked; + _ryven_, 50/1435, _pr. p._ landed. + + _sare_, 4/97, _adv._ sorely. + _sarten_, 26/717, _adj. sb._ the sarten = the truth. + _sayment_, 2/50, _sb._ trial, exploit. + _scape_, 81/2327, _prs. subj._ escape. + _schedyng_, 19/516, _sb._ separation. + _scheff-chambyr_, 26/718, _sb._ chief-chamber, first rank-chamber. + _scheld_, 21/578, _vb._ to shelter. + _schere_, 21/556, _vb._ to shear, to cut. + _schope_, 21/567, _pr. s._ created. + _schowt_, 21/570, + _schoute_, 61/1751, 65/1877, _s._; _schuot_, 22/594, _vb._ to shout. + _season_, 75/2157, _sb._ court. + _see-fome_, 75/2165, _sb._ sea-foam. + _sege_, 77/2204, _sb._ siege. + _sekyrnes_, 30/835, _sb._ surety. + _semled_, 85/2445, _pr. pl._ assembled. + _sete_, 33/922, _sb._ city. + _seth_, 74/2141, _conj._ since. + _sett_, 41/1152, _pr. s._ sat. + _sewe_, 4/89, _vb._ to look at. + _shipped_, 45/1260, _pr. s._ 46/1318, _pr. pl._ shypped, + _pp._ embarked. + _shone_, 40/1117, _sb. pl._ shoes. + _side lokyng_, 57/1637, _sb._ side-glance. + _siȝed_, 79/2288, _pr. s._ sighed. + _simarr_,* 47/1338, _sb._ cloak; see the note. + _slade_, 58/1660, _sb._ slade. + _slon_,* 16/458, _sb._ sloe. + _smote_, 76/2185; + _smote adown_, 77/2203, _pr. s._ cast anchor. + _solasyd_, 24/657, _pr. s._ solaced, comforted. + _solemnite_, 56/1591, _sb._ pride. + _sotell_, 61/1761, _adj._ subtle, sly. + _sownyng_, 49/1400, 62/1782, 90/2615, _sb._ swooning. + _sparid_, 73/2096, _pr. pl._ barred, blocked up. + _sped_, 3/70, _prs. conj._ speed. + _spent_, 67/1910, _pp._ lost. + _sperryd_, 14/364, _pr. s._ barred, shut up. + _sperrys_, 5/127, _sb._ spire, tree. + _spousage_, 62/1791, _sb._ spousage. + _sprent_, 7/181, _pr. s._ lept. + _spryt_, 7/181, _sb._ pole. + _stad_,* 55/1566, _sb._ stead. + _state_, 60/1729, _sb._ chair of state. + _stere_,* 24/662, _vb. refl._ move. + _steryng_, 62/1785, _p. prs._ stirring, moving. + _stomlyng_, 24/660, _p. prs._ stumbling. + _storrope_, 35/987, _sb._ stirrup. + _strake_, 2/42, _pr. s._ struck. + _styll_, 18/477, _sb._ steel. + _swathing band_, 67/1917, _sb._ swath. + _swowe_,* 20/548, _sb._ noise; cf. the note. + _sybbe_,* 27/739, _sb._ kinsman. + + _takyll_, 49/1402, _sb._ tackling. + _tall_, 26/734, _sb._ tale. + _tene_, 3/73, _sb._ grief, sorrow. + _the_, 2/49, _vb._ to thrive. + _thede_,* 60/1728, _sb._ people. + _thefe_, 46/1292; + _theffe_, 58/1659, _sb._ villain. + _theves_, 61/1760, _sb. pl._ villains. + _thole_,* 17/460, _vb._ to suffer. + _throng_, 38/1057, _sb._ crowd, troop. + _thronge_, 79/2283, _pr. pl._ thronged, pressed. + _tombelyd_, 42/1173, _pr. pl._ tumbled. + _to-sheverd_, 42/1172, _pr. s._ shivered in pieces. + _trast_,* 17/455,? _vb._ to trust. + _trayll_, 46/1314, _vb._ to trail. + _trayn_, 29/803, 51/1455, _sb._ treachery, deceit. + _trompettys_, 29/816, 34/443, + _trumpettes_, 41/1164, _sb. pl._ trumpets. + _trovylld_, 17/452, _pr. s._ travailed, exerted himself. + _trow_, 21/572, _pr. s._ believe. + _trusse_, 13/354, _vb._ to truss. + _trussyd_, 14/371, _pr. pl._ trussed. + _tyed_, 92/2658, _pp._; cf. the note. + _tyght_, 22/589, _adj._ tight. + _tyght_, 25/690, _adv._ in phr. _ase tyght_, at once. + _tymbyr_, 2/40, 81/2349, 86/2483, _sb._ lance. + _tynding_, 42/1181, _sb._ beating; cf. the note. + + _vale_, s. _hede_. + _venturus_, 55/1566, _adj._ adventurous, dangerous. + _vetelid_, 76/2188, _pp._ supplied with provisions. + _victoure_, 83/2411, _sb._ victor. + _vnbrydeled_, 54/1552, _pr. s._ unbridled. + _vnder_, 71/2029, _sb._ noon. + _vndyr-nethe_, 20/542, _prep._ underneath. + _vndertane_, 61/1733, _vb._ to undertake. + + _walloyng_, 7/189, _prs. p._ wallowing. + _wanne_, 62/1767, _adj._ wan, dark. + _ward_, 48/1351, _sb._ warden. + _waried_, 43/1211, 88/2544, _pr. pl._ cursed; + _waried_, 54/1537, _pp._ cursed. + _warne_, 29/795, _prs. s._ deny, refuse. + _water fflood_, 65/1872, _sb._ water-flood. + _watt_, 44/1247, _prs. 3 sg._ knows. + _wax_, 3/73, _pr. s._ became. + _wede_, 2/33, _sb._ garment, dress. + _wekid_, 80/2302, _adj._ wicked; see the note. + _were_, 57/1623, _vb._ to get tired. + _were_, 28/773, _adj._ aware. + _wet-saffe_, 17/466, _pr. s._ vouchsafe. + _wexe_,* 9/237, _pr. pl._ became. + _wight_, 54/1551, _sb._ white. + _wilsom_, 71/2030; + _wyld-som_, 20/535; + _wyldsome_, 19/506, _adj._ wild, desert. + _wis_, 53/1525, _vb._ to show. + _wod_, 14/377, _adj._ mad. + _won_, 4/94, _adj._ one. + _wonande_, 1/14, _p. prs._ living. + _wondyr-thyng_, 2/53, _sb._ wondrous thing. + _wonne_, 46/1295, _sb._ custom, expedient. + _wonne_, 46/1307, _pp._ wont? cf. the note. + _wonne_, 65/1870, _p._ dwelling, living? + _wonne_, 69/1995, _pp._ won. + _wrought vp_, 54/1532, _pr. s._ built up, raised. + _wyght_,* 1/15, 3/60. + _wyt_, 27/749, + _wyhte_, 30/848, _adj._ wight. + + _yare_,* 7/177,* 14/369, 47/1320, _adv._ wholly, yarely. + _yatis gone_, 71/2025, _sb. pl._ footpaths. + _yell_, 46/1305, _vb._ to yell. + _yell_, 52/1487, _sb._ yell. + _yf_, 61/1740, _imp. s._ + _yff_, 70/2009, _prs. conj. s._ may give. + _ylke_, 25/694, 63/1801, _pron._ same. + + + + +INDEX OF NAMES. + + + _Adolake_, 434, the name of a sword; _Adyloke_, 665; _Hatheloke_, 791. + _Adryan_, 927, St. Hadrian. + _Amyas_, 345, a young prince. + _Antioche_, 2229, Antiochia. + _Antony_, 1874, 1940, 1970, 2558, St. Antony. + _Antony fice greffoun_, 1998, 2435, 2476, _Torrent’s_ son. + _Aragon_, 1114, 1152, 1182, 1212, 1257, 1325, 2110; _Eragon_, 765. + _Awsden_, 1029, St. Austin. + + _Be-gon-mese_, 101, a giant. + _Berweyne_, 344; see _Jakys_. + _Brasille_, 1450, a forest on the Norwegian coast. + + _Calabur_, 847, 907, 952, 1059, 1320, 2113, Calabria. + _Calamond_, 1221, King of Portugal; + _Calomond_, 2116, 2168; + _Colomand_, 2104; + _Colomond_, 1408, 2143. + _Cardon_, 1091, a town in Calabria. + _Cargon_, 1326, a town in Aragon. + _Cate_, 1238, 1254, 1293, 1593, a giant. + + _Desonell{e}_, 109, 382, 446, 450, 478, 673, 795, 859, 985, 1102, + 1135, 1161, 1359, 1393, 1703, 1780, 2006, 2059, 2077, 2092, 2173, + 2401, 2424, 2500, 2509, 2523, 2533, 2587, 2614, King _Calamond’s_ + daughter, _Torrent’s_ spouse; + _Dissonell{e}_, 1329; _Dysonell{e}_, 32. + + _Elyoner_, 347, daughter of the King of _Gales_. + + _Flonthus_, 1005, _Slonges of Flonthus_, a giant. + _Fuolles_, 748, _Slogus of Fuolles_, variation of the former name. + + _Gales_, 346, 408, 417. + _Gendres_, 1747, daughter of the King of Norway. + _George_, 1677, St. George. + _Grece_, 2419, 2434, 2557, 2643, Greece. + _Grekes_, 79, 1282, 2179, 2645, Greeks. + _Gryffen_, 1215, St. Griffon. + + _Hungry_, 970, Hungary. + + _Jakys_, 344, _Jakys of Berweyne_, a young prince. + _Jame_, 744, 788, St. James. + _Jerusalem_, 1897, 1921, 1938, 2236, 2245, 2275, 2426, 2473, 2554, + 2633. + _Jesus_, 134, 274, 537, 540, 675, 996, 1340, 1371, 1382, 1447, 1539, + 1564, 1702, 1799, 1937, 1985, 1997, 2218, 2580; + _Iesu Cryst_, 206, 529, 1275, 1832, 1852, 2664. + _John_, 1884, 2140, 2514, 2559, St. John. + + _Katryn_, 2053, St. Catherine. + + _Leobertus_, 1925, 2246, 2477, _Torrent’s_ son. + + _Marre_, 85, 624; _Mary_, 136, 1308, 1565, 1646, 1888, 1906, 1946, + 1969, 2098, 2311; _Marry_, 61, 259, 863. + _Mavdeleyn_, 489; + _Mawdleyn_, 505, 737, Maudlin, name of a forest. + _Mownpolyardnus_, 716, the name of a sword. + _Myhell{e}_, 753, St. Michael. + + + _Nazareth_, 465, 2032, 2041, 2389, 2437, 2528. + _Norway_, 1370, 1377, 1412, 1417, 1759, 1781, 2083. + _Nycholas de Barr_, 1337, St. Nicholas de Bari; see the note. + + _Peron_, 1776, 1830; + _Perowne_, 659; + _Perrown_, 412, a town in Portugal. + _Pervens_, 420, 1095, 1320; + _Pervyns_, 868, 2113, Provence; + _Provyns_, 397, 413. + _Portingale_, 1069, 1346, 2090, 2095, 2593; + _Portyngale_, 1772, 2134, 2176, 2413, 2620; + _Portynggall{e}_, 13, 25, 374, 399, 727, 763, 877, 883, 1255, + Portugal. + + _Quarell{e}_, 2182, 2415, a town in Syria. + + _Raynes_, 2414, a town in Syria. + _Rochense_, 637, a giant. + _Rome_, 12, 118, 187, 190, 198, 558, 924, 1224, 1282, 1319, 1924, + 2183, 2626, 2661. + + _Samson_, 95, Samson. + _Sarȝins_, 2232, Saracens. + _Sathanas_, 1237, Satan. + _Slochys_, 850; + _Slogus_, 748; + _Slonges_, 1005; + _Slongus_, 967, a giant. + + _Torrayne_, 26, Touraine. + _Torren_, 343. + _Torrent_, 34, 46, 49, 61, 91, 133, 148, 181, 200, 203, 217, 224, + 230, 252, 280, 295, 302, 314, 392, 399, 432, 466, 470, 477, 480, + 495, 504, 519, 528, 540, 556, 577, 585, 591, 621, 634, 642, 645, + 648, 663, 670, 677, 681, 687, 691, 693, 699, 733, 739, 752, 768, + 772, 819, 824, 825, 828, 834, 839, 843, 852, 877, 883, 896, 946, + 957, 984, 987, 999, 1006, 1021, 1023, 1039, 1044, 1051, 1060, + 1072, 1119, 1163, 1167, 1170, 1176, 1200, 1256, 1263, 1270, 1284, + 1298, 1414, 1434, 1480, 1535, 1699, 1756, 1838, 1903, 2081, 2485, + 2630; + _Terrant_, 142; + _Terrent_, 85; + _Torent_, 157, 205, 756, 784, 1246, 1254, 1278, 1293, 1307, 1317, + 1322, 1325, 1331, 1347, 1355, 1367, 1379, 1391, 1437, 1443, 1494, + 1511, 1517, 1562, 1569, 1598, 1613, 1622, 1724, 1727, 1780, 1811, + 2084, 2097, 2107, 2117, 2120, 2140, 2150, 2155, 2179, 2191, 2197, + 2209, 2224, 2244, 2257, 2263, 2269, 2281, 2330, 2362, 2380, 2478, + 2479, 2482, 2489, 2495, 2501, 2503, 2511, 2534, 2567, 2575, 2603, + 2611, 2617, 2642, 2649; + _Torrant_, 70, 76, 103, 241, 253, 364, 380, 657, 760, 840, 963; + _Tyrrant_, 18. + + _Velond_, 427, Veland the smith. + _Verdownys_, 305, 341, 410, son of the King of Provence. + + _Weraunt_, 1650, a giant. + + +R. CLAY AND SONS, LIMITED, LONDON AND BUNGAY. + + + * * * * * + * * * * + * * * * * + + +_Typography_ + +In the Notes and Introduction, long vowels were printed with circumflex +â rather than macron ā. This usage has been retained; the circumflex +accent in its own right does not occur. + +In the Introduction, emphasis within italicized passages was shown +either by reverting to Roman type or by printing the words as _gesperrt_ +(extended). For this e-text, the first kind of emphasis is shown in +{braces}, the second with +marks+. + +In the main text, folio numbers were italicized as 85_a_, 85_b_... This +markup has been omitted to reduce visual clutter. + +Loops or flourishes attached to final letters are shown as ~ (tilde +_after_ letter). If you find this distracting, feel free to delete it +globally. The character does not occur anywhere else, and the flourishes +probably do not mean anything. + +The letter “n” with overline is shown as ñ (n-tilde) for better font +support. + +Double “l” in the main text was printed as two l’s with a single +connecting line. They are shown in this e-text as ƚƚ (paired l-bar). +Note that the printers do not seem to have had an italic version of this +letter pair; in the e-text it is shown as italic or roman based on the +surrounding text. + + +_Errors and Inconsistencies_ + +Errors in the main text and fragments are shown at the end of each +stanza in [[double brackets]]. The word “invisible” means that there is +an appropriately sized blank space or extra indentation, but the +character (usually an open single quote) is missing. Unusual spellings +in the Sidenotes are probably attributable to Frederick Furnivall. + +Hyphenization of prefixes in the modern material (introduction, +linenotes, endnotes) does not always match the body text; words are +printed as shown. In citations, capitalization of German is unchanged. + +Commas at the end of Glossary entries are not errors. The letters I and +J are alphabetized together. Initial U is written and alphabetized as V. + + +_Introduction_ + + § 1 + still worse is the fact, that he did not recognize + [comma unchanged] + Footnote 1: ... written down from oral recitation.’ + [close quote invisible] + + § 2 + II. C. d. Tho he be {st}rod anoble {st}ede ... + Torent be {str}ode a stede {str}ong + [body text has “a noble” and “be-strod” (both times)] + + § 3 + 1. No part. pres. on-_ond_ ... + [printed as shown at line break: error for “_onond_”?] + + § 4 + (3) In the Northern collection, pp. lxi and lxiv. Herrig’s _Archiv_ + [text has “Archiv.” with superfluous period] + Footnote 8: F. H. v. d. Hagen + [text has “F. H., v. d.” with superfluous comma] + 10. (... as may be gleaned from l. 2440.) + [final . missing] + + [Eglamour and Torrent, parallel] + _Eglamour_, Linc. MS. Note on 1267: + [line also printed at bottom of preceding page (partway through + parallel passages)] + +_Notes_ + + p. 3, l. 59. ... _The Lyfe of Ipomydon_ + [spelling unchanged; elsewhere “Ipomadon”] + p. 16, l. 429-31. ...--I. Hall. + [error for J(oseph)? normal citation form is “Hall”, without + initial, in small capitals] + p. 21, l. 555. [text has “p. 21.”] + p. 29, l. 819. On the meaning of the phrase ‘_the bord beginne_,’ + [close quote missing] + p. 42, ... Cf. _Li B. Disc._, l. 130 f. + [missing . after l] + p. 63, l. 1799. ... To child no wyf + [printed as shown; expected form is “ne wyf”] + p. 70, l. 2010. + [“l.” missing] + p. 86, l. 2493. ... XII. und XIII. Iahrhundert + [error for “Jahrhundert”? book cited is not printed in fraktur] + p. 90, l. 2593. ... ‘And heom markede forđ, + [printed as shown, with đ for expected ð] + the later MSS. writes: + [error for “MS.” _or_ “write”] + +_Glossary_ + + _harood_ ... 82/2365, _harroldys_, _sb. pl._ heralds. + [text has 82/2365; with semicolon for comma] + _prekand_, 45/1263, _prs. p._ pricking. + [missing comma] + _rightfull_, 64/1834, _adj._ rightfull. + [printed as shown] + _roall_, 85/2450, _adj._ royal. + [“adj.” missing] + _storrope_, 35/987, _sb._ stirrup. + _tymbyr_, 2/40, 81/2349, 86/2483, _sb._ lance. + [“sb.” missing in both entries] + _wyght_,* 1/15, 3/60. + [final . may be error for ,] + _wyhte_, 30/848, _adj._ wight. + [text has “30/548”] + +_Names_ + + _Desonell{e}_ ... 2614, King [text has 2614; with semicolon] + _Sarȝins_, 2232, Saracens. + [Index has “Sarzins” but body text has “Sarȝins”] + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Torrent of Portyngale, by Unknown + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TORRENT OF PORTYNGALE *** + +***** This file should be named 35190-8.txt or 35190-8.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/5/1/9/35190/ + +Produced by Louise Hope, Taavi Kalju and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +book was produced from scanned images of public domain +material from the Google Print project.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +http://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +http://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at http://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit http://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. +To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + http://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. diff --git a/35190-8.zip b/35190-8.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..b932336 --- /dev/null +++ b/35190-8.zip diff --git a/35190-h.zip b/35190-h.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..3ca990e --- /dev/null +++ b/35190-h.zip diff --git a/35190-h/35190-h.htm b/35190-h/35190-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..9b81987 --- /dev/null +++ b/35190-h/35190-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,14784 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" +"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> + +<head> +<title>Torrent of Portyngale</title> +<meta http-equiv = "Content-Type" content = "text/html; charset=UTF-8" +/> + +<style type = "text/css"> + +body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + +div.titlepage, div.intro, div.torrent, div.fragments, div.notes, +div.glossary {padding-top: 2em; border-top: 1px solid #999;} + +hr {width: 80%; margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; +text-align: center;} +hr.mid {width: 40%;} +hr.small {width: 30%;} +hr.tiny {width: 20%;} +hr.micro {width: 10%;} + +sup {font-size: 50%; line-height: 50%;} + +a.tag, div.plainlink a.tag {text-decoration: none; +vertical-align: .3em; font-size: small; +padding-left: .25em; line-height: .1em;} +div.plainlink a {text-decoration: none; color: inherit; +background-color: inherit;} +h5 a {text-decoration: none;} + +h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {text-align: center; font-style: normal; +font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.5; margin-top: .5em; +margin-bottom: .5em;} + +h1 {font-size: 200%;} +h2 {font-size: 150%;} +h3 {font-size: 135%; margin-top: 2em; margin-bottom: 1em;} +h4 {font-size: 120%;} +div.intro h4 {margin-top: 2em;} +div.fragments h4 {margin-right: 33%; margin-top: 1em;} +h5 {font-size: 100%;} +div.intro h5 {margin-top: 1.5em; text-transform: lowercase; +font-variant: small-caps;} +div.notes h5 {text-align: left; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 1em;} +h6, .six {font-size: 85%;} + +p {margin-top: .5em; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: 1.2;} + +p.illustration {text-align: center; margin-top: 1em; +margin-bottom: 1em;} + +div.verse {margin: .5em 2em;} +div.linenote div.verse {margin-top: 0;} +div.verse p {margin-top: 0; margin-left: 4em; text-indent: -4em;} +div.verse p.indent {margin-left: 5em;} +p.verse {margin-left: 6em; text-indent: -4em;} + +p.center {text-align: center;} + +p.inset {margin-left: 2em;} + +div.titlepage p {line-height: 2em;} + +div.toc {margin: 1em 2em;} +div.toc p {margin-top: .25em; font-size: 92%;} +div.toc p.subhead {margin-top: 0; margin-left: 1.75em;} + +div.block p {margin-left: 2em; margin-right: 2em; font-size: 92%;} + +div.fragments p.subhead {margin-right: 33%; text-align: center;} + +div.glossary p {margin-top: .25em; margin-left: 2em; +text-indent: -2em;} +div.glossary p.letter {margin-top: 1em;} +div.glossary p.subhead {margin-top: 0; text-indent: -1em;} + +div.glossary div.mynote p {margin-top: .5em; margin-left: 0; +text-indent: 0;} + +/* footnotes */ + +p.footnote, div.footnote {margin: 1em 2em; font-size: 92%;} +div.footnote p {margin-top: .33em;} + + +/* main text */ + +p.headnote {margin: 1.5em 0 .5em -13%;} +span.headnote {padding: .5em 2em .4em; font-size: 80%; +border: 1px dotted #999;} + +p.linenote, div.linenote {clear: right; font-size: 88%; margin-top: 1em; +margin-right: 4em;} +p.linenote, div.linenote p {margin-left: 7em; text-indent: -1em;} +div.linenote p {margin-top: 0;} + +div.stanza {margin: 1em 25% 0 0;} +div.fragments div.stanza {margin-top: .5em;} + +div.stanza h5 {margin-right: 33%;} + +p.dots, span.fulldots {letter-spacing: .5em;} +span.dots {letter-spacing: .25em;} + +div.stanza p {margin-top: 0; margin-left: 6em; text-indent: -4em;} +div.stanza p.indent {text-indent: -3em;} + +span.linenum {position: absolute; right: 93%; text-align: right; +font-size: 83%; text-indent: 0; padding-top: .25em;} +span.linenum.halliwell {right: 92.5%; font-size: 75%;} +span.linenum.right {right: 3%;} + +span.sidenote {width: 32%; float: right; clear: right; +padding: .25em 0 .25em 1em; margin-left: 0; margin-right: -36%; +font-size: 88%;} +span.sidenote.folio {width: auto; margin-right: 0;} + + +/* tables */ + +table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; +margin-top: 1em; margin-bottom: 1em; +font-size: inherit; font-family: inherit; border-collapse: collapse;} + +table.synopsis {margin-top: .5em; margin-bottom: .5em;} + +table.parallel td {width: 50%; padding: .25em 1em; font-size: 92%;} +table.parallel th {font-style: italic; font-weight: normal; +text-align: center;} +table.parallel span.linenum {float: right; padding-left: 1em; +padding-right: 0; text-indent: 0; width: auto;} +table.parallel p {line-height: normal; margin-top: 0; +margin-left: 2em; text-indent: -2em;} +table.parallel p.indent {text-indent: -1em;} + +td {vertical-align: top; text-align: left; padding: .1em;} + +div.titlepage td {padding: .5em;} + +td.center {text-align: center;} +td.right {text-align: right;} + + +/* text formatting */ + +span.smallroman {text-transform: lowercase; font-variant: small-caps;} +.smallcaps, span.firstword {font-variant: small-caps;} + +span.smaller {font-size: 88%;} +.smallest {font-size: 75%;} +span.larger {font-size: 110%;} + +span.extended {letter-spacing: 0.2em; margin-right: -.2em;} + + +/* correction popup */ + +ins.correction {text-decoration: none; border-bottom: thin dotted red;} + +/* page number */ + +span.pagenum {position: absolute; right: 2%; font-size: small; +font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; text-align: right; +text-indent: 0;} + +/* Transcriber's Note */ + +.mynote {background-color: #DDE; color: #000; +font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 90%;} + +div.mynote {margin: 1em 5%; padding: .5em 1em 1em;} +p.mynote {margin: 1em 5%; padding: 1em;} +div.mynote a {text-decoration: none;} + +div.endnote {padding: .5em 1em 1em; margin: 1em; border: 3px ridge #A9F; +font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 90%;} + +</style> +</head> + +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Torrent of Portyngale, by Unknown + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Torrent of Portyngale + +Author: Unknown + +Editor: Erich Adam + +Release Date: February 17, 2011 [EBook #35190] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TORRENT OF PORTYNGALE *** + + + + +Produced by Louise Hope, Taavi Kalju and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +book was produced from scanned images of public domain +material from the Google Print project.) + + + + + + +</pre> + + +<div class = "fulltext"> +<!-- to fool validator --> + +<div class = "mynote"> +<p><a name = "start" id = "start">This text</a> includes characters that +require UTF-8 (Unicode) file encoding:</p> + +<p class = "inset"> +ȝ <i>yogh</i><br /> +ll̴ <i>double l with joining line, here shown as tilde</i><br /> +ŷ æ̂ <i>vowels with less common diacritics (rare)</i></p> + +<p>If any of these characters do not display properly, or if the +apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, you +may have an incompatible browser or unavailable fonts. First, make sure +that the browser’s “character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode +(UTF-8). You may also need to change your browser’s default font.</p> + +<p>The main text is shown stanza by stanza. Sidenotes are shown in their +original position; linenotes and numbered footnotes (rare) are grouped +at the end of each stanza. Headnotes that originally came at mid-stanza +have been moved to the following stanza break.</p> + +<p>Errors and anomalies are marked in the text with <ins class = +"correction" title = "like this">mouse-hover popups</ins>. Typographic +details are given at the <a href = "#endnote">end of the e-text</a>. The +word “invisible” means that there is an appropriately sized blank space +or extra indentation, but the character (usually an open single quote) +is missing. Unusual spellings in the Sidenotes are probably attributable +to Frederick Furnivall; they are not individually noted.</p> + +<p>All brackets are in the original. Line numbers in brackets are +explained in the Introduction.</p> + +<p class = "center"> +<a href = "#intro">Introduction</a><br /> +<a href = "#torrent">Torrent of Portyngale</a><br /> +<a href = "#fragments">Fragments</a><br /> +<a href = "#notes">Notes</a><br /> +<a href = "#glossary">Glossary</a><br /> +<a href = "#names">Index of Names</a></p> + +<p><b>Links:</b> Throughout the book, links to line numbers generally +lead to the nearest multiple of 5 (printed number). Stanza numbers in +the Notes were added by the transcriber to aid in cross-linking. In +Sections 2 and 3 of the Introduction, <i>all</i> line numbers are active +links. To reduce visual chaos, link highlighting has been turned off. +This may be overridden by your personal browser settings.</p> + +</div> + +<div class = "titlepage"> + +<a name = "page_i" id = "page_i"> </a> + +<p class = "illustration"> +<img src = "images/torrent_i.png" width = "300" height = "41" +alt = "Torrent of Portyngale." title = "Torrent of Portyngale." /></p> + +<hr class = "tiny" /> + +<p class = "center"> +<span class = "larger"><b>Early English Text Society.</b></span><br /> +<b>Extra Series</b>, No. <span class = "smallroman">LI</span>.<br /> +1887.</p> + +<p> <br /> </p> + +<hr /> + +<p><a name = "page_ii" id = "page_ii"> </a></p> + +<table class = "smallest" summary = "formatted text"> +<tr> +<td>BERLIN:</td> +<td>ASHER & CO., 5, UNTER DEN LINDEN.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>NEW YORK:</td> +<td>C. SCRIBNER & CO.; LEYPOLDT & HOLT.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>PHILADELPHIA: </td> +<td>J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p> </p> + +<hr /> + +<p><a name = "page_iii" id = "page_iii"> </a></p> + +<h1>TORRENT OF PORTYNGALE.</h1> + +<p> </p> + +<p class = "illustration"> +<img src = "images/microline.png" width = "54" height = "6" +alt = "--" /></p> + +<p> <br /> </p> + +<p class = "center"> +<span class = "smaller">RE-EDITED</span></p> + +<p class = "center"> +FROM THE UNIQUE MS. IN THE CHETHAM LIBRARY,<br /> +MANCHESTER,</p> + +<h2 class = "six">BY</h2> + +<h2 class = "smallcaps">E. ADAM, Ph.D.</h2> + +<p> </p> + +<p class = "illustration"> +<img src = "images/microline.png" width = "54" height = "6" +alt = "--" /></p> + +<p> <br /> </p> + +<p class = "center"> +LONDON:<br /> +<span class = "smaller extended"> +PUBLISHT FOR THE EARLY ENGLISH TEXT SOCIETY</span><br /> +BY N. TRÜBNER & CO., 57 & 59, LUDGATE HILL.</p> + +<hr class = "micro" /> + +<p class = "center"> +<span class = "smallest">MDCCCLXXXVII.</span></p> + +<p> </p> + +<hr /> + +<p><a name = "page_iv" id = "page_iv"> </a></p> + +<p class = "center"> +<span class = "smaller">DEDICATED<br /> +<span class = "extended">TO MY TEACHER AND HELPER</span>,</span><br /> +<span class = "smallcaps">PROF. E. KÖLBING, Ph.D.</span></p> + +<p> <br /> </p> + +<p class = "center"> +<b>Extra Series.</b><br /> +<span class = "smallroman">LI.</span></p> + +<hr class = "small" /> + +<p class = "center"> +<span class = "smallest"> +RICHARD CLAY & SONS, LIMITED, LONDON & BUNGAY.</span></p> + +</div> +<!-- end div titlepage --> + +<div class = "intro"> + +<p><span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page_v" id = "page_v">v</a></span></p> + +<p class = "illustration"> +<img src = "images/torrent_i.png" width = "300" height = "41" +alt = "Torrent of Portyngale." title = "Torrent of Portyngale." /></p> + +<hr class = "tiny" /> + +<h3><a name = "intro" id = "intro">INTRODUCTION.</a></h3> + +<div class = "toc"> +<p>§ <a href = "#intro_1">1.</a> <i>The MS. and Halliwell’s edition</i>, +p. v.</p> + +<p>§ <a href = "#intro_2">2.</a> <i>Metre and Versification</i>, p. +vi.</p> + +<p>§ <a href = "#intro_3">3.</a> <i>Dialect</i>, <a href = "#page_x">p. +x</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>short vowels</i>, <a href = "#page_xi">p. xi</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>long vowels</i>, <a href = "#page_xii">p. xii</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>inflexions</i>, <a href = "#page_xiii">p. xiii</a>.</p> + +<p>§ <a href = "#intro_4">4.</a> a. <i>The contents of the Romance</i>, +<a href = "#page_xvi">p. xvi</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +b. <i>its character</i>, <a href = "#page_xx">p. xx</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +c. <i>Origin of the story of Torrent</i>, <a href = +"#page_xxi">p. xxi</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +d. <i>Legend of Eustache or Plasidas</i>, <a href = +"#page_xxii">p. xxii</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +e. <i>Sir Isumbras</i>, <a href = "#page_xxiv">p. xxiv</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +f. <i>Romances of Octavian</i>, <a href = +"#page_xxv">p. xxv</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +g. <i>Sir Eglamour</i>, <a href = "#page_xxvi">p. xxvi</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +h. <i>Comparison of Torrent and Eglamour</i>, <a href = +"#page_xxvii">p. xxvii</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +i. <i>the 2 Romances independent</i>, <a href = +"#page_xxx">p. xxx</a>.</p> + +<p>§ <a href = "#intro_5">5.</a> <i>Arrangement of this Edition</i>, p. +xxxii.</p> +</div> + +<p><a name = "intro_1" id = "intro_1" href = "#intro">§ 1.</a> <span +class = "firstword">The</span> manuscript from which the following +romance of <i>Sir Torrent of Portugal</i> is taken, is a folio volume on +paper, of the fifteenth century, preserved in the Chetham Library at +Manchester.</p> + +<p>A description of this volume is given by Halliwell in his <i>Account +of the European MSS. in the Chetham Library at Manchester</i>, +Manchester, 1842, page 16, and by Prof. Koelbing in his <i>Englische +Studien</i>, vii. 195. The only edition of this romance that we have +hitherto had was done by Halliwell. As he had, besides his own +transcript, another copy made by Madden, his text is a pretty accurate +one, and therefore the results of Prof. Koelbing’s collation, printed in +his <i>Englische Studien</i>, vii. 344 ff., concern, for the most part, +things of little importance, except one very curious passage, +l. 88, where Halliwell renders the quite correct reading of the +MS., <i>p la more de dewe</i> = <i>par l’amour de dieu</i>, by +<i>Pericula more bedew[n]e</i>. Also, from l. 1720, the counting of +the lines is wrong by 100 lines.</p> + +<p>A few short fragments of a printed edition were found by Halliwell in +the Douce Collection, Bodleian Library, Oxford, and added to his work as +an Appendix. They contain the following passages of the MS.:</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page_vi" id = "page_vi">vi</a></span> + +<table class = "synopsis" summary = "see text"> +<tr> +<td class = "center">Fragment</td> +<td class = "right">III. =</td> +<td class = "center"> lines</td> +<td>462–489.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center">„</td> +<td class = "right">II. =</td> +<td class = "center">„</td> +<td>492–520.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center">„</td> +<td class = "right">VI. =</td> +<td class = "center">„</td> +<td>820–851.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center">„</td> +<td class = "right">V. =</td> +<td class = "center">„</td> +<td>917–948.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center">„</td> +<td class = "right">IV. =</td> +<td class = "center">„</td> +<td>949–970.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center">„</td> +<td class = "right">I. =</td> +<td class = "center">„</td> +<td>1807–1866.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>A seventh fragment, of which not much more than the rhyming words are +preserved, was omitted by Halliwell, and was printed for the first time +in Prof. Koelbing’s collation.</p> + +<p>This Chetham MS. contains the romance in a very debased and corrupt +form, so that the original reading in many passages can hardly be +recognized.<a class = "tag" name = "tag1" id = "tag1" href = +"#note1">1</a> The scribe, who copied the poem from an older MS., lived +(no doubt) at a far later period than the poet; he did not therefore +understand a great many old expressions, and these he used to supplant +by words of his own; he also transposed and even omitted many lines, and +spoiled the rhyme, because he had not the slightest idea of the nature +of the stanza in which the poem is composed. Halliwell did not trouble +himself about the restoration of the true readings; he merely reproduced +the traditional text, even where it would have been very easy to do +more, though many passages are hopelessly corrupt; still worse is the +<ins class = "correction" title = "comma in original">fact,</ins> that +he did not recognize the metre as the tail-rhymed twelve-line stanza, +for he prints six-line stanzas.</p> + +<p>In consequence, the whole of the philological work on the text had +still to be done, and a new edition was plainly necessary; the more that +this poem, though not written in the best period of romance poetry, +treats of a legendary subject widely spread in the Middle Ages, and is +nearly related to another poem, <i>Syr Eglamour of Artois</i>.</p> + + +<h4><a name = "intro_2" id = "intro_2" href = "#intro">§ 2.</a> +METRE AND VERSIFICATION.</h4> + +<p class = "mynote"> +In this and the following section, all line numbers are active links. +To reduce visual chaos, link highlighting has been turned off. This may +be overridden by your personal browser settings.</p> + +<div class = "plainlink"> +<p>As I mentioned before, the romance of <i>Sir Torrent</i> is composed +in the well-known tail-rhymed twelve-line stanza, and belongs to that +class of it in which the first and the second couplets have different +rhyme-sounds (cf. Koelbing, <i>Amis and Amiloun</i>, p. xiv ff.). +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page_vii" id = "page_vii">vii</a></span> +Only the incompleteness of many stanzas, and the many defects in +reference to the rhyme, can excuse Halliwell for not apprehending the +character of the metre. As to the structure of the eight lines of the +four couplets, each contains (or at least ought to contain) four +accents, the <i>caudæ</i> three; but as we, unfortunately, possess only +one MS., a conclusive statement on this point is impossible. There +is no doubt about the fact that neither the really incorrect rhymes nor +the wanting of them can be due to the author of the poem: even when +romance poetry was decaying, the poets were fairly perfect rhymers: with +all deficiencies in this department, the copyists are to be charged.</p> + +<p><i>Consonant</i> rhymes (s. <i>Schipper Altengl. Metrik</i>, +p. 299) are found in <i>Torrent</i> in the following passages: l. +<a href = "#line140">141</a> <i>rode—rode</i> ags. +<i>rôd—râd</i>. <a href = "#line450">450</a> <i>the—the</i> +ags. <i>þeón—þe</i>. <a href = "#line1555">1558</a> +<i>indede—dede</i>. <a href = "#line2205">2205</a> +<i>lay—lay</i>, <i>sg.—plr. prt.</i></p> + +<p><i>Identical</i> rhymes are frequent, especially in the <i>caudæ</i>: +<a href = "#line80">81</a> <i>stond—stond</i>. <a href = +"#line175">177</a> <i>there—there</i>. <a href = +"#line500">500</a> <i>he—hee</i>. <a href = "#line1885">1887</a> +<i>there—there</i>. <a href = "#line2535">2538</a> +<i>blithe—blithe</i>. <a href = "#line40">39</a> +<i>take—take</i>. <a href = "#line340">342</a> +<i>bold—bold</i>, a. s. o.</p> + +<p><i>Assonances</i>: <a href = "#line195">195</a> +<i>bon<sup>)</sup>—Rome</i>. <a href = "#line515">518</a> +<i>undyrstond—strong</i>. <a href = "#line535">537</a> +<i>name—alone</i>. <a href = "#line700">699</a> +<i>yod—fotte</i>. <a href = "#line755">758</a> +<i>name—tane</i>. <a href = "#line895">896</a> +<i>bryng—wynd</i>. <a href = "#line1255">1257</a> +<i>overcom<sup>)</sup>—Aragon<sup>)</sup></i>. <a href = +"#line1765">1768</a> <i>man<sup>)</sup>—cam<sup>)</sup></i>. +<a href = "#line2165">2164</a> <i>anon<sup>)</sup>—fome</i>. <a href += "#line2545">2544</a> <i>sithe—hide</i>.</p> + +<p>Besides the rhymes we find abundant alliteration, as in most of the +Middle English Romances. On alliteration, cf. Regel, Die alliteration in +Laȝamon, <i>Germ. Stud.</i> I. 171; F. Lindner, The alliteration in +Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales, <i>Essays on Chaucer</i>, Pt. III., +p. 197 ff. Koelbing, <i>Sir Tristrem</i>, p. xxxvii, and +<i>Amis and Amiloun</i>, p. lxvi. Lindner as well as Koelbing has +adopted Regel’s classification, and so shall I. The most frequent +is two alliterative words in one verse; they can be classed in the +following way:—</p> + +<p>I. A. The same word is repeated in two succeeding lines; v. <a href = +"#line455">456 f.</a>: <i>Forthe sche browght a <b>whyt</b> sted, As +<b>whyt</b> as the flowyr in<sup>)</sup> med</i>; v. <a href = +"#line615">618 f.</a>: <i>In IV <b>quarters</b> he hym drowe, And euery +<b>quarter</b> vppon a bowe</i>. v. <a href = "#line2025">2026 f.</a>: +<i>But ran into a <b>wilde</b>rnes Amongist beests that <b>wyld</b> +wes</i>. v. <a href = "#line2465">2465 f.</a>: <i>They axid <b>hors</b> +and armes bryght, to <b>hors</b>bak went thay in ffere</i>.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page_viii" id = "page_viii">viii</a></span> +<p>B. <i>Alliterative combinations, one part of which is a proper +name.</i> <i>Torrent</i> is several times combined with the verb +<i>take</i>; <a href = "#line25">26</a>: <i>Towarde hym he +<b>t</b>akythe <b>T</b>orrayne</i>; <a href = "#line225">224</a>: +<i><b>T</b>orrent thether <b>t</b>oke the way</i>; <a href = +"#line520">519</a>: <i><b>T</b>orrent <b>t</b>oke a dulful wey</i>; +<a href = "#line2270">2269</a>: <i>Whan sir <b>T</b>orent was +<b>t</b>akyn<sup>)</sup> than<sup>)</sup></i>; <a href = +"#line90">91</a>: <i>Now, be my <b>t</b>rowthe, seyd <b>T</b>orent +than<sup>)</sup></i>; <a href = "#line1160">1161</a>: <i>Alas, said +<b>D</b>esonell̴ the <b>d</b>ere</i>; <a href = "#line2520">2523</a>: +<i>As was <b>d</b>ame <b>D</b>esonell̴</i>; <a href = +"#line1905">1906</a> = <a href = "#line1945">1946</a> = <a href = +"#line1970">1969</a>: <i><b>M</b>ary <b>m</b>yld. To <b>s</b>end unto +her <b>S</b>athanas.</i> v. <a href = "#line1090">1091</a>: <i>The +<b>c</b>astell̴ of <b>C</b>ardon<sup>)</sup>.</i></p> + +<p>II. A. <i>Words of the same root are alliterative.</i> <a href = +"#line130">133</a>: <i>Torrent, on <b>kne</b> <b>kne</b>lyd he</i>; +<a href = "#line670">671</a>: <i>That on hys <b>kne</b> he +<b>kne</b>ld</i>; <a href = "#line2500">2502</a>: <i>And <b>kne</b>lid +on her <b>kne</b></i>; <a href = "#line205">205</a>: <i>Torrent +<b>kne</b>lyd on hys <b>kne</b></i> = v. <a href = "#line525">528</a>; +<a href = "#line880">881</a>: <i>And <b>kne</b>lyd vppon ys +<b>kne</b></i>; <a href = "#line1880">1883</a>: <i>She <b>kne</b>lid +down<sup>)</sup> vppon<sup>)</sup> her <b>kne</b></i>; <a href = +"#line2560">2563</a>: <i>Down<sup>)</sup> they <b>kne</b>lid +on<sup>)</sup> her <b>kne</b></i>; <a href = "#line510">512</a>: <i>By +<b>d</b>ymmynge of the <b>da</b>y</i>; <a href = "#line1155">1158</a>: +<i>For her love <b>d</b>id I never no <b>d</b>ede</i>; <a href = +"#line1800">1801</a>: <i>That ylke <b>d</b>ede, that she hath +<b>d</b>one</i>; <a href = "#line1940">1943</a>: <i>How she <b>fl</b>ew +in a <b>ffl</b>ight</i>; <a href = "#line2385">2384</a>: <i><b>Liffe</b> +and <b>lyv</b>elode, whill̴ I <b>lyve</b></i>; <a href = +"#line230">233</a>: <i>A <b>lyon<sup>)</sup></b> & a +<b>lyon</b>asse</i>; <a href = "#line1670">1671</a>: <i>For to <b>s</b>e +that <b>s</b>elly <b>s</b>ight</i>; <a href = "#line405">407</a>: <i>For +the <b>t</b>alles thou hast me <b>t</b>old</i>; <a href = +"#line1465">1466</a>: <i>And fals <b>t</b>alis hym<sup>)</sup> +<b>t</b>old</i>; <a href = "#line2575">2578</a>: <i>Euer we <b>will̴</b> +be at youre <b>will̴</b></i>.</p> + +<p>B. Relations in which alliterative words stand to each other +according to their meaning.</p> + +<p><i>a.</i> Concrete ideas are joined together because they belong to +the same sphere of life. <a href = "#line2015">2017</a>: +<i><b>B</b>yrdus and <b>b</b>estis, aye woo ye be</i>; <a href = +"#line110">113</a>: <i><b>b</b>one and <b>b</b>lod</i>; <a href = +"#line20">21</a>: <i><b>k</b>yng and <b>k</b>nyght</i>; <a href = +"#line80">83</a>: <i>And ryche <b>c</b>astelles in that +<b>c</b>ontre</i>; <a href = "#line250">251</a>: <i>In lond with a +<b>f</b>yndes <b>f</b>ere</i>; <a href = "#line100">102</a>: <i>That +<b>f</b>yndes <b>f</b>are for aye</i>; <a href = "#line1095">1094</a>: +<i>Both at <b>k</b>nyght and <b>k</b>nave</i>; <a href = +"#line585">584</a>: <i>Bothe in<sup>)</sup> <b>f</b>rethe and in +<b>f</b>eld</i>; <a href = "#line660">660</a>: <i>Stomlyng thurrow +<b>f</b>rythe and <b>f</b>en<sup>)</sup></i>; <a href = +"#line1375">1378</a>: <i>Both be <b>h</b>old and be <b>h</b>yll̴</i>; +<a href = "#line2395">2398</a>: <i><b>l</b>ym<sup>)</sup> and +<b>l</b>ith</i>; <a href = "#line750">750</a>: <i><b>L</b>ytyll̴ and +<b>m</b>ykyll̴, <b>l</b>ese and <b>m</b>ore</i>; <a href = +"#line1900">1899</a>: <i>That was <b>l</b>ord of all̴ that +<b>l</b>ond</i>; <a href = "#line2150">2152</a>: <i>Loo, <b>l</b>ordys +of euery <b>l</b>ond</i>; <a href = "#line2375">2375</a>: <i>With all̴ +<b>m</b>aner of <b>m</b>ynstralsye</i>; <a href = "#line150">149</a>: +<i>He reynyd hys <b>st</b>ed vnto a <b>st</b>ake</i>; <a href = +"#line1065">1065</a>: <i><b>W</b>aytes on the <b>w</b>all̴ gan +blowe</i>; <a href = "#line10">13</a>: <i><b>w</b>ater and +<b>w</b>ynde</i>.</p> + +<p><i>b.</i> In the same way abstract ideas are connected, so far as +they belong to the same sphere of life. <a href = "#line460">460</a>: +<i>That <b>d</b>ethe ys <b>d</b>ynt schalt þou not thole</i>; <a href = +"#line1600">1600</a>: <i>Of <b>d</b>eth yaue he no <b>d</b>out</i>; +<a href = "#line780">782</a> = <a href = "#line2060">2062</a>: +<i><b>f</b>eyer and <b>f</b>re</i>; <a href = "#line2150">2153</a>: +<i><b>F</b>alshode wyll̴ haue a <b>f</b>oule end</i>; <a href = +"#line1985">1988</a>: <i><b>H</b>elpe +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page_ix" id = "page_ix">ix</a></span> +and <b>h</b>old I shall̴ hym yeve</i>; <a href = "#line1490">1492</a>: +<i>They <b>s</b>at and <b>s</b>ong</i>; <a href = "#line680">683</a>: +<i>Cryst hym <b>s</b>aue and <b>s</b>ee</i>; <a href = +"#line1300">1303</a>: <i>That he was <b>s</b>ad and <b>s</b>ore</i>; +<a href = "#line1610">1612</a>: <i>set <b>s</b>adly and <b>s</b>ore</i>; +<a href = "#line335">335</a>: <i>God that <b>s</b>ofryd wonddes +<b>s</b>ore</i>; <a href = "#line320">322</a>: <i><b>st</b>yff and +<b>st</b>rong</i> = <a href = "#line1490">1491</a> = <a href = +"#line2590">2590</a>; <a href = "#line1205">1205</a>: <i>That +<b>w</b>ekyd was and <b>w</b>ight</i>; <a href = "#line1585">1584</a>: +<i><b>w</b>ekyd and <b>w</b>ight</i>; <a href = "#line1850">1849</a>: +<i>Her one child <b>w</b>oke and be-gan to <b>w</b>epe</i>; <a href = +"#line1560">1559</a>: <i>And <b>w</b>ot ye <b>w</b>ell̴ and not +<b>w</b>ene</i>; <a href = "#line245">246</a>: <i>Sche +<b>w</b>eppte</i>, <i>as sche were <b>w</b>od</i>.</p> + +<p>C. The grammatical relations in which the alliterative words stand to +each other.</p> + +<p><i>a.</i> Subst. and adj. in attributive or predicative combinations. +<i>As <b>b</b>old as eny <b>b</b>ore</i>; <i>With <b>br</b>owes +<b>br</b>od and wyde</i>; <a href = "#line140">142</a>: <i>hys +<b>b</b>ugell̴ <b>b</b>old</i>; <a href = "#line305">307</a>: <i>In a +<b>d</b>ongon<sup>)</sup> that ys <b>d</b>ym</i>; <a href = +"#line80">82</a>: <i>My <b>f</b>ayer<sup>)</sup> <b>f</b>orestes +<b>f</b>ellythe downe he</i>; <a href = "#line210">209</a>: <i>The +<b>f</b>eyer<sup>)</sup> <b>f</b>yld</i>; <a href = "#line425">426</a>: +<i><b>gl</b>emyrryng ase the <b>gl</b>ase</i>; <a href = +"#line1590">1592</a>: <i><b>g</b>ood <b>g</b>ate</i>; <a href = +"#line170">171</a> = <a href = "#line595">596</a>: <i>the <b>h</b>oltes +<b>h</b>ore</i>; <a href = "#line1485">1484</a>: <i>To an <b>h</b>ye +<b>h</b>yll̴</i>; <a href = "#line1180">1183</a>: <i><b>s</b>ydes +<b>s</b>are</i>; <a href = "#line155">154</a>: <i>Thowe the <b>w</b>ey +nevyr so <b>w</b>ykkyd were</i>; <a href = "#line2055">2054</a>: +<i><b>w</b>ekyd <b>w</b>eders</i>; <a href = "#line505">506</a>: <i>In +the <b>w</b>yld-some <b>w</b>ay</i>; <a href = "#line535">535</a>: +<i><b>W</b>yldsom <b>w</b>eyes haue I <b>w</b>ent</i>; <a href = +"#line2030">2030</a>: <i>She <b>w</b>ent on that +<b>w</b>ilsom<sup>)</sup> <b>w</b>ay</i>.</p> + +<p><i>b.</i> Verbs or adjectives combined with the adverb or substantive +which contains their secondary adverbial meaning. <a href = +"#line1475">1478</a>: <i>To <b>b</b>e here at his <b>b</b>ane</i>, cf. +<a href = "#line1675">1678</a>: <i>That there his <b>b</b>ane hath +<b>b</b>e</i>; <a href = "#line1945">1944</a>: <i>To her <b>b</b>irdus +was she <b>b</b>oun<sup>)</sup></i>; <a href = "#line2015">2016</a>: +<i>With <b>b</b>lis on euery <b>b</b>owȝe</i>; <a href = +"#line135">135</a>: <i>That <b>b</b>owght hym with hys <b>b</b>lod</i>; +<a href = "#line1045">1045</a>: <i>Thurrow the <b>b</b>ody he gan hym +<b>b</b>ere</i>; <a href = "#line1405">1404</a>: <i>To the <b>b</b>ote +they <b>b</b>are</i>; <a href = "#line335">334</a>: <i>Thus he +<b>c</b>ovyrd owt of <b>c</b>are</i>; <a href = "#line25">27</a>: +<i>That <b>d</b>owghtty ys in <b>d</b>edde</i>, cf. <a href = +"#line1725">1725</a>; <a href = "#line95">98</a>: <i>With-owt +<b>f</b>ere that he schold <b>f</b>are</i>; <a href = "#line600">603</a> += <a href = "#line975">977</a>: <i>Also <b>f</b>ast ase he myght +<b>f</b>are</i>; <a href = "#line535">536</a>: <i>With <b>f</b>yndes for +to <b>f</b>yght</i>; <a href = "#line800">802</a>: <i>To <b>f</b>yght +with that <b>f</b>yndes <b>f</b>ere</i>; <a href = "#line1260">1262</a>: +<i>That was <b>gr</b>ow both <b>gr</b>ene and <b>g</b>ay</i>; <a href = +"#line1060">1060</a> = <a href = "#line2330">2330</a>: <i>Torent be the +<b>h</b>ond he <b>h</b>ent</i>; <a href = "#line270">270</a>: <i>That +<b>m</b>eche ys of <b>m</b>yght</i>; <a href = "#line710">713</a>: +<i>That <b>m</b>eche wase of <b>m</b>yght</i>; <a href = +"#line25">24</a>: <i>For God ys <b>m</b>ost of <b>m</b>yght</i>, cf. +<a href = "#line1110">1112</a>: <i>To a <b>m</b>an off <b>m</b>yght</i>; +<a href = "#line1880">1879</a>: <i>Vp she <b>r</b>ose ageyn<sup>)</sup> the +<b>r</b>ough</i>; <a href = "#line2100">2100</a>: <i>Go <b>s</b>ech her +in<sup>)</sup> the <b>s</b>ee</i>; <a href = "#line2130">2129</a>: +<i>And <b>s</b>ett hym<sup>)</sup> oute in to the <b>s</b>ee</i>; +<a href = "#line2470">2469</a>: <i>That <b>s</b>emely to <b>s</b>e +were</i>; <a href = "#line125">126</a>: <i>And <b>s</b>ymly was to +<b>s</b>ene</i>; <a href = "#line415">415</a>: <i>That dare I +<b>s</b>othely <b>s</b>ey</i>; <a href = "#line1170">1170</a>: +<i>Torrent <b>s</b>ett on hym<sup>)</sup> so <b>s</b>ore</i>; <a href = +"#line140">139</a>: <i>Serttes, yf I hym <b>sl</b>epyng +<b>sl</b>one</i>; <a href = "#line180">181</a>: <i>Torrent vndyr hys +<b>sp</b>ryt he <b>sp</b>rent</i>; <a href = "#line180">179</a>: <i>But +<b>st</b>ond <b>st</b>yll̴</i>; <a href = "#line2410">2410</a>: <i>He is +so <b>st</b>iff at euery <b>st</b>oure</i>; +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page_x" id = "page_x">x</a></span> +<a href = "#line985">987</a>: <i>Torrent in<sup>)</sup> the +<b>st</b>orrope <b>st</b>od</i>; <a href = "#line1910">1912</a>: <i>For +no <b>st</b>roke wold she <b>st</b>ynt</i>; <a href = +"#line2060">2060</a>: <i>By a <b>t</b>okyn<sup>)</sup> I shall̴ the +<b>t</b>ell̴</i>; <a href = "#line2395">2397</a>: <i>Or <b>w</b>alkyd in +<b>w</b>ede</i>; <a href = "#line380">383</a>: <i>In hys <b>w</b>alke +ther ase he <b>w</b>ent</i>; <a href = "#line725">725</a>: <i>And +<b>w</b>ent forthe on hys <b>w</b>ey</i>; <a href = "#line105">107</a>: +<i>And on hys <b>w</b>ey gan he <b>w</b>ynd</i>; <a href = +"#line2030">2030</a>: <i>She <b>w</b>ent on that +<b>w</b>ilsom<sup>)</sup> <b>w</b>ay</i>; <a href = "#line990">989</a>: +<i>ale <b>w</b>yld at <b>w</b>yle</i>; <a href = "#line2085">2088</a>: +<i>In no <b>w</b>ise he <b>w</b>old</i>; <a href = "#line1205">1206</a>: +<i>To <b>w</b>ed her to my <b>w</b>yffe</i>; <a href = +"#line750">749</a>: <i>That <b>w</b>yt ys vndyr <b>w</b>ede</i>; <a href += "#line1315">1315</a>: <i>All̴ men <b>w</b>onderid on that +<b>w</b>ight</i>; <a href = "#line30">33</a>: <i><b>w</b>orthyest in +<b>w</b>ede</i>.</p> + +<p><i>c.</i> Substantives and verbs are combined in the relation of +subject and predicate. <a href = "#line2220">2221</a>: <i>Down +<b>kn</b>elid that <b>kn</b>yght</i>; <a href = "#line855">854</a>: +<i>Whether the <b>f</b>ynd can <b>f</b>yght</i>; <a href = +"#line2390">2390</a>: <i>There that his <b>l</b>ady <b>l</b>ent</i>; +<a href = "#line2065">2064</a>: <i>My <b>l</b>ove was on the +<b>l</b>ent</i>; <a href = "#line1220">1219</a>: <i>Gret <b>l</b>ordys +to churche her <b>l</b>ed</i>; <a href = "#line170">170</a>: <i>The +fyndes <b>sp</b>ere <b>sp</b>arrythe hyme nothyng</i>; <a href = +"#line85">84</a>: <i>No <b>st</b>on lettythe he <b>st</b>ond</i>.</p> + +<p><i>d.</i> Verbs and substantives are combined as predicate and +object. <a href = "#line2490">2490</a>: <i>his <b>b</b>ak to +<b>b</b>end</i>; <a href = "#line2530">2532</a>: <i>That <b>c</b>outh +moche <b>c</b>urtesye</i>; <a href = "#line270">273</a>: <i>Thy +<b>d</b>ethe than wyll̴ he <b>d</b>yght</i>, cf. <a href = +"#line1040">1043</a>: <i>Hys <b>d</b>ethe to hyme ys <b>d</b>yght</i>; +<a href = "#line1645">1648</a>: <i>Thy <b>d</b>eth now is +<b>d</b>ight</i>; <a href = "#line2120">2123</a>: <i>What <b>d</b>eth +they wold hym <b>d</b>o</i>; <a href = "#line160">161</a>: <i>My lordes +<b>f</b>rethe thus to <b>f</b>ell̴</i>; <a href = "#line2235">2235</a>: +<i><b>F</b>ound hym his <b>fi</b>ll̴ off <b>ffy</b>ght</i>; <a href = +"#line1740">1743</a>: <i>The <b>ff</b>orward ye to +<b>f</b>ulleffylle</i>; <a href = "#line650">651</a>: <i>He +<b>g</b>athyred svm of hys <b>g</b>ere</i>; <a href = +"#line210">210</a>: <i>Vpp both his <b>h</b>andes he <b>h</b>eld</i>; +<a href = "#line1800">1799</a>: <i>For Iesu is love, that <b>h</b>arood +<b>h</b>ell̴</i>; <a href = "#line1820">1820</a>: <i>Whan they +<b>l</b>ed that <b>l</b>ady ffre</i>; <a href = "#line2080">2080</a>: +<i><b>L</b>eve we now that <b>l</b>ady gent</i>; <a href = +"#line1660">1663</a>: <i>Ech on other <b>l</b>aid good <b>l</b>ode</i>; +<a href = "#line1495">1495</a>: <i>To god that <b>m</b>ade +<b>m</b>an</i>; <a href = "#line435">435</a>: <i>A gret +<b>m</b>aynerey let he <b>m</b>ake ryght</i>; <a href = +"#line265">264</a>: <i>To hym sche <b>m</b>ad here <b>m</b>one</i>; +<a href = "#line645">645</a>: <i>He <b>r</b>awght Torrent soche a +<b>r</b>owght</i>; <a href = "#line1170">1172</a>: <i>And all̴ to +<b>sh</b>everd his <b>sh</b>eld</i>; <a href = "#line500">502</a>: +<i>Tho he <ins class = "correction" title = "body text has ‘be-strod a noble’">be +<b>st</b>rod anoble</ins> <b>st</b>ede</i>; <a href = +"#line2480">2482</a>: <i>Torent <ins class = "correction" title = +"body text has hyphenated ‘be-strode’">be <b>str</b>ode</ins> a stede +<b>str</b>ong</i>; <a href = "#line280">281</a>: <i>I schall̴ the +<b>t</b>ell̴ soche a <b>t</b>okyn<sup>)</sup></i>; <a href = +"#line2010">2013</a>: <i>Ne <b>w</b>anted she no <b>w</b>oo</i>; <a href += "#line115">115</a>: <i>He that schall̴ <b>w</b>end soche a +<b>w</b>ey</i>; <a href = "#line440">439</a>: <i>Hom-ward to <b>w</b>end +ther <b>w</b>ey</i>; <a href = "#line2445">2448</a>: <i>And +than<sup>)</sup> to <b>w</b>end her <b>w</b>ay</i>; <a href = +"#line2455">2457</a>: <i>And to her logyng <b>w</b>ent her +<b>w</b>ay</i>; <a href = "#line1545">1544</a>: <i>Other <b>w</b>ayes yf +I <b>w</b>end</i>; <a href = "#line205">207</a>: <i>That hathe thys +<b>w</b>orld to <b>w</b>yld</i>.</p> +</div> + +<h4><a name = "intro_3" id = "intro_3" href = "#intro">§ 3.</a> THE +DIALECT.</h4> + +<p>The stanza of twelve lines was probably first employed in the north +of England; at least it would be difficult to prove the existence +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page_xi" id = "page_xi">xi</a></span> +of a poem composed in this metre in the southern part of the country; +therefore it is beforehand probable that the romance of <i>Torrent</i> +was composed either in some part of the Midlands or in the North. In +order to determine the dialect more precisely, we restrict ourselves to +a careful consideration of the rhymes.</p> + +<div class = "plainlink"> +<h5>1. SHORT VOWELS.</h5> + +<p>Old English <i>ă</i> is (1) preserved before <i>n</i> and <i>m</i>: +<a href = "#line745">744</a> and <a href = "#line785">788</a> +<i>Iame—<b>name</b></i>. <a href = "#line925">927</a> +<i>Adryan—<b>jentylmane</b></i>. <a href = "#line10">13</a> +<i><b>londe</b>—<b>wonande</b></i>. <a href = "#line350">352</a> +<i><b>stond</b>—<b>lygand</b></i>. <a href = "#line1125">1128</a> +<i><b>stond</b>—<b>shynand</b></i>. No part. pres. <ins class = +"correction" title = "printed ‘on-/{ond}’ at line break: error for ‘{onond}’?">on-<i>ond</i></ins> +rhyming with an unvariable <i>-ond</i> +has been traced out until now, but <a href = "#line1825">1824</a> +<i><b>wepand</b>—wonde</i> (ags. <i>wunden</i>) seems to be the +first. 2. Changed into <i>o</i>. <a href = "#line515">516</a> +<i>rome—<b>frome</b></i> ags. <i>rûm—fram</i>. <a href = +"#line2445">2446</a> <i><b>mon<sup>)</sup></b>—done</i>. <a href = +"#line1190">1190</a> +<i>none—shone—<b>anon</b>—done</i>. <a href = +"#line1255">1257</a> <i><b>ouercom</b>—Aragon<sup>)</sup></i>. +<a href = "#line1990">1989</a> <i>son—<b>can</b></i> +(= <i><b>con</b></i>). <a href = "#line2040">2040</a> +<i><b>anon<sup>)</sup></b>—bone</i>. A curious exception is +<a href = "#line1930">1929</a> <i><b>grame</b> +(= greme)—teme—Ierusalem</i>; cf. <i>Gaw.</i> l. +<a href = "#line310">312</a>.</p> + +<p>O.E. <i>e</i>, the <i>i</i>-umlaut of <i>a</i>, is preserved: <a href += "#line370">373</a> <i>end—<b>wend</b></i>. <a href = +"#line475">476</a> <i><b>went</b>—jent</i>. <a href = +"#line925">924</a> <i>tell̴—<b>hell</b></i>. <a href = +"#line1700">1702</a> <i><b>hell</b>—Desonell̴e</i>. <a href = +"#line1795">1798</a> <i>fell̴—<b>hell̴</b></i>. The past partic. +of <i>seón</i>, <i>segen</i>, has been contracted into <i>sen</i>. +<a href = "#line1560">1562</a> <i><b>sene</b>—wene</i>.</p> + +<p>O.E. <i>æ</i> has become <i>a</i>: <a href = "#line45">45</a> +<i><b>spake</b>—take</i>. <a href = "#line360">363</a> +<i>ffare—<b>bare</b></i>. <a href = "#line725">726</a> and <a href += "#line875">876</a> <i><b>sale</b>—Portynggall̴e</i>. <a href = +"#line1075">1074</a> <i>passe—<b>was</b></i>. <a href = +"#line1130">1131</a> <i><b>sale</b>—tale</i>. <a href = +"#line1230">1233</a> <i><b>thare</b>—fare</i>. <a href = +"#line1235">1236</a> <i><b>was</b>—Sathanas</i>. <a href = +"#line1400">1399</a> <i>care—<b>thare</b></i>. <a href = +"#line2285">2287</a> <i><b>was</b>—alas</i>.</p> + +<p><i>æ</i> has become <i>e</i>: <a href = "#line2025">2026</a> +<i>wildernes—<b>was</b></i>. <a href = "#line765">764</a> +<i>derre—clere—<b>ware</b></i> (ags. <i>wær</i>). <a href = +"#line1950">1951</a> <i><b>there</b>—bere</i>. <a href = +"#line325">328</a> <i><b>glad</b></i> +(= <i>gled</i>)—<i>redd</i>.</p> + +<p><i>æ</i> has become <i>ay</i> by the vocalization of the following +<i>g</i>: <a href = "#line25">25</a> <i><b>fayne</b>—Torrayne</i>. +<a href = "#line1025">1025</a> <i><b>may</b>—<b>day</b></i>, +<i><b>wey</b>—<b>laye</b></i>. <a href = "#line1070">1071</a> +<i><b>say</b>—<b>day</b></i>. <a href = "#line2030">2029</a> +<i><b>day</b>—<b>way</b></i>.</p> + +<p>O.E. <i>ea</i> becomes <i>o</i> before <i>ld</i>: <a href = +"#line300">303</a> <i><b>hold</b>—<b>bold</b></i>, <i>fold</i> +(ags. <i>folde</i>)—<i><b>cold</b></i>. <a href = +"#line420">422</a> <i>gold—mold, +<b>hold</b>—<b>told</b></i>.</p> + +<p><i>ea</i> has become <i>a</i>: <a href = "#line400">399</a> +<i>Portyngall̴—<b>bale</b></i> (ags. <i>bealu</i>). <a href = +"#line530">531</a> <i><b>care</b>—far<sup>)</sup></i> (ags. +<i>cearu</i>). <a href = "#line1890">1891</a> +<i>ffare—<b>care</b></i>.</p> + +<p><i>ea</i> has become <i>e</i>: <a href = "#line1165">1166</a> +<i>beheld—feld—sheld—<b>weld</b></i> (ags. +<i>wealdan</i>). <a href = "#line2360">2359</a> +<i>preste—<b>breste</b></i> (ags. <i>bearst</i>).</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page_xii" id = "page_xii">xii</a></span> +<p>O.E. <i>eo</i> has turned into <i>e</i>: <a href = +"#line1165">1166</a> +<i><b>beheld</b>—ffeld—sheld—weld</i>.</p> + +<p>O.E. <i>ĭ</i> is preserved as <i>i</i> and <i>y</i>: <a href = +"#line50">51</a> <i><b>knyght</b>—<b>nyght</b></i>. <a href = +"#line305">307</a> <i><b>dym</b>—<b>hym</b></i>. <a href = +"#line1780">1783</a> <i><b>myld</b>—<b>child</b></i>. Only once +this vowel has changed into <i>e</i>: <a href = "#line715">714</a> +<i><b>wret</b>—get</i>. <i>i</i> rhymes with <i>e</i>: <a href = +"#line5">3</a> <i>wynde—ende—lende—ffynde</i>.</p> + +<p>O.E. <i>ŏ</i> is unaltered: <a href = "#line420">422</a> +<i><b>gold</b>—<b>mold</b></i>. <a href = "#line1120">1122</a> +<i><b>gold</b>—<b>mold</b></i>.</p> + +<p>O.E. <i>ŭ</i> has become <i>o</i>: <a href = "#line365">367</a> +<i><b>dore</b></i> (ags. <i>duru</i>)—<i>befor<sup>)</sup></i>. +<a href = "#line765">765</a> +<i>Aragon<sup>)</sup>—<b>son<sup>)</sup></b></i>. <a href = +"#line1255">1257</a> <i><b>ouer com</b>—Aragon<sup>)</sup></i>. +<a href = "#line1760">1762</a> <i><b>com<sup>)</sup></b>—kyngdome</i>. +<a href = "#line1800">1801</a> <i>done—<b>sonne</b></i> (ags. +<i>sunu</i>). <a href = "#line2320">2320</a> +<i><b>sonne</b>—dungeon</i>.</p> + +<p>O.E. <i>y̆</i>, the <i>i</i>-umlaut of <i>ŭ</i>, has the value of +<i>i</i>, written <i>i</i> or <i>y</i>: <a href = "#line390">390</a> +<i><b>kysse</b>—iwysse</i>. <a href = "#line1565">1564</a> +<i>till̴—<b>fullefyll̴</b></i>, <i>yll̴—wyll̴</i>. <a href = +"#line1740">1740</a> <i>evyll̴—<b>fulle fylle</b></i>. Only once +it rhymes with <i>e</i>: <a href = "#line1485">1484</a> +<i><b>hyll̴</b></i> +(= <i><b>hell̴</b></i>)—<i>yell̴—befell̴—well̴</i>, +never with <i>u</i>.</p> + + +<h5>2. LONG VOWELS.</h5> + +<p>O.E. <i>â</i> is preserved in the following rhymes:<a class = "tag" +name = "tag2" id = "tag2" href = "#note2">2</a> <i>a.</i> <a href = +"#line40">39</a> <i>take—<b>stroke</b></i> (= <i>strake</i>, +ags. <i>strâc</i>), <i>spake—take</i>. <a href = "#line95">97</a> +<i><b>sore</b>—fare</i>. <a href = "#line100">103</a> +<i><b>goos</b>—<b>takythe</b></i> (= <i>gas—tas</i>). +<a href = "#line280">280</a> +<i>wakyn<sup>)</sup>—<b>tokyn</b><sup>)</sup></i> (ags. +<i>tâcen</i>). <a href = "#line335">334</a> +<i>care—<b>sore</b></i>. <a href = "#line590">590</a> +<i>fare—wher</i>, <i><b>hore</b>—care</i>. <a href = +"#line705">705</a> <i>fare—<b>gere</b></i> (ags. <i>gâr</i>). +<a href = "#line785">788</a> <i>Iame—name</i>, +<i><b>bone</b>—schame</i>. <a href = "#line835">834</a> +<i><b>ga</b>—ma</i>. <a href = "#line975">977</a> +<i>fare—bare</i>, <i><b>sare</b>—chaffare</i>. <a href = +"#line1140">1143</a> <i>glade—<b>rade</b></i>. <a href = +"#line1235">1238</a> <i>Cate—gate</i>, +<i>bad—<b>wott</b></i> (ags. <i>wât</i>). <a href = +"#line1250">1251</a> <i><b>brod</b>—made</i>; +cf. <a href = "#line1300">1303</a>, <a href = "#line1305">1306</a>, +<a href = "#line1500">1501</a>, <a href = "#line1525">1526</a>, +<a href = "#line1605">1604</a>, <a href = "#line1610">1612</a>, +<a href = "#line1660">1663</a>, <a href = "#line1670">1669</a>, +<a href = "#line1825">1825</a>, <a href = "#line1910">1911</a>, +<a href = "#line2175">2178</a>, <a href = "#line2355">2356</a>, +<a href = "#line2615">2617</a>.</p> + +<p><i>b.</i> O.E. <i>â</i> has changed into <i>o</i>: <a href = +"#line15">16</a> <i>sone</i> (ags. <i>sunu</i>)—<i><b>gon</b></i>. +<a href = "#line140">141</a> <i>rode—<b>rode</b></i> (ags. +<i>rôd—râd</i>). <a href = "#line195">195</a> <i><b>bon</b></i> +(ags. <i>bân</i>)—<i>Rome</i>. <a href = "#line235">238</a> +<i><b>wote</b></i> (ags. <i>wât</i>)—<i>fote</i>. <a href = +"#line655">654</a> <i>browȝ—<b>goo</b></i>. <a href = +"#line1060">1062</a> <i><b>tho</b>—do</i>. +Cf. <a href = "#line1195">1196</a>, <a href = "#line1225">1226</a>, +<a href = "#line1295">1295</a>, <a href = "#line1380">1381</a>, +<a href = "#line1810">1809</a>, <a href = "#line1810">1812</a>, +<a href = "#line1815">1815</a>, <a href = "#line2010">2013</a>, +<a href = "#line2025">2025</a>, <a href = "#line2025">2028</a>, +<a href = "#line2035">2037</a>, <a href = "#line2045">2046</a>, +<a href = "#line2295">2295</a>, <a href = "#line2295">2298</a>, +<a href = "#line2300">2301</a>, <a href = "#line2540">2542</a>. The +result is, that in 26 cases old <i>â</i> is preserved, in 22 cases +changed into <i>ô</i>.</p> + +<p>O.E. <i>æ̂</i> is turned into (1) <i>a</i>: <a href = +"#line155">154</a> <i><b>were</b>—fare</i>. <a href = +"#line600">603</a> <i>fare—<b>were</b></i>. <a href = +"#line1020">1020</a> <i><b>were</b>—fare</i>. <a href = +"#line2075">2074</a> <i>care—<b>ware</b></i>.</p> + +<p>Into (2) <i>e</i>. <a href = "#line380">379</a> <i><b>dede</b></i> +(ags. <i>dæ̂d</i>)—<i>hed</i>. <a href = "#line1045">1047</a> +<i><b>were</b>—chere</i>. <a href = "#line1050">1053</a> +<i>sped—<b>lede</b></i> (ags. <i>læ̂dan</i>). <a href = +"#line1260">1263</a> <i>stede—<b>wede</b></i> (ags. +<i>wæ̂d</i>).</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page_xiii" id = "page_xiii">xiii</a></span> +<p>Into (3) <i>o</i>. <a href = "#line1110">1113</a> <i><b>mone</b></i> +(ags. <i>mæ̂nan</i>)—<i>Aragon</i>. <a href = "#line1385">1384</a> +<i>beffore—there—<b>were</b></i>.</p> + +<p>O.E. <i>ô</i> is preserved throughout: <a href = "#line70">73</a> +<i><b>wode</b>—<b>good</b></i>. <a href = "#line110">112</a> +<i><b>rode</b>—<b>blod</b></i>. <a href = "#line115">118</a> +<i>Rome—<b>kyrstendome</b></i>. <a href = "#line310">313</a> +<i><b>done</b>—<b>sone</b></i>.</p> + +<p>Before <i>g</i> the vowel <i>u</i> resp. <i>w</i> is inserted: +<a href = "#line145">145</a> <i><b>browght</b>—nowght</i>. <a href = +"#line280">279</a> <i><b>browght</b>—<b>thowght</b></i>. <a href = +"#line2050">2053</a> <i><b>sought</b>—<b>brought</b></i>.</p> + +<p>O.E. <i>ê</i> is preserved: <a href = "#line120">123</a> +<i><b>kene</b>—sene</i>. <a href = "#line740">743</a> +<i>dede—<b>sped</b>, wede</i>. <a href = "#line1850">1849</a> +<i><b>wepe</b>—slepe</i>. <a href = "#line2055">2055</a> +<i>grene—<b>kene</b></i>. <a href = "#line2455">2458</a> <i>be +dene—<b>wene</b></i>.</p> + +<p>O.E. <i>î</i> is preserved as <i>y</i>: <a href = "#line195">196</a> +<i><b>tyd</b>—<b>syd</b></i>. <a href = "#line325">325</a> +<i><b>fyve</b>—<b>lyve</b></i>. <a href = "#line775">777</a> +<i><b>wyse</b>—deuyce</i>. <a href = "#line900">900</a> +<i><b>ryde</b>—<b>syde</b></i>.</p> + +<p>O.E. <i>û</i> is written <i>ou</i> resp. <i>ow</i> in the French way: +<a href = "#line920">921</a> +<i>renowne—<b>towyn<sup>)</sup></b></i>. <a href = +"#line975">978</a> <i><b>downe</b>—renowne</i>. <a href = +"#line1425">1425</a> <i><b>nowe</b>—rowe</i>. <a href = +"#line2635">2634</a> <i><b>mouth</b>—<b>couth</b></i>. It has +become <i>o</i>: <a href = "#line515">516</a> +<i><b>rome</b>—frome</i> (ags. <i>rûm—from</i>). Cf. <a href += "#line2640">2641</a> <i>renown—<b>son</b></i>.</p> + +<p>O.E. <i>eá</i> has become <i>e</i>: <a href = "#line1930">1929</a> +<i>grame—<b>streme</b>, Jerusalem</i>. <a href = +"#line2555">2554</a> <i>Jerusalem<sup>)</sup>—<b>streme</b></i> +(ags. <i>streám</i>).</p> + +<p>O.E. <i>eó</i> has changed into <i>e</i>: <a href = +"#line150">153</a> <i><b>be</b>—hee</i>: <a href = +"#line780">782</a> <i><b>fre</b>—he</i>. <a href = +"#line885">888</a> <i><b>tre</b>—crystyanté</i>. <a href = +"#line1640">1643</a> <i><b>be</b>—charité</i>. <a href = +"#line1860">1861</a> <i><b>ffree</b>—cité</i>.</p> + +<p>O.E. <i>ŷ</i> remains <i>y</i>: <a href = "#line1360">1361</a> +<i>pride—<b>bedsyde</b></i>. <a href = "#line1430">1433</a> +<i>pryde—<b>ryde</b></i>. <a href = "#line1470">1473</a> +<i><b>wyde</b>—pride</i>. <i>ŷ</i> or <i>ê</i>, the +<i>i</i>-umlaut of <i>eá</i> or <i>e</i>, is found as <i>e</i>: <a href += "#line60">63</a> <i>were—<b>here</b></i> (ags. <i>hŷran</i>). +<a href = "#line235">235</a> <i><b>here</b>—were</i>. <a href = +"#line325">327</a> <i>sted—yed, <b>nede</b>—sped</i>. +<a href = "#line405">408</a> <i>yede—<b>ned</b></i>. <a href = +"#line1550">1552</a> <i>stede—<b>nede</b>, indede</i>.</p> + + +<h5>3. THE INFLEXIONS.</h5> + +<p>The plural of the substantives terminates in (1) <i>s</i> resp. +<i>ys</i>: <a href = "#line835">837</a> +<i><b>ryghtys</b>—knyghtes</i>. <a href = "#line1295">1298</a> +<i><b>stonys</b>—nonys</i>.</p> + +<p>(2) in <i>n</i>: <a href = "#line455">458</a> +<i><b>slon</b>—appon</i>. <a href = "#line1115">1116</a> +<i>done—<b>shone</b></i>. <a href = "#line1190">1193</a> +<i><b>shone</b>—anon, done</i>.</p> + +<p>(3) is formed by <i>i</i>-umlaut: <i><b>men</b></i> <a href = +"#line1785">1784</a>, <a href = "#line2280">2282</a>, but <a href = +"#line2195">2197</a> <i>wan—<b>men</b></i> +(= <i>man</i>).</p> + +<p>(4) has no inflexion: <a href = "#line650">651</a> +<i><b>gere</b>—<b>spere</b></i>. <a href = "#line705">705</a> +<i>far—<b>gere</b></i>. <a href = "#line835">836</a> +<i>hend—<b>frende</b></i>, <i>sende</i>. <a href = +"#line1170">1173</a> <i>ffere—<b>yere</b></i>. <a href = +"#line1405">1405</a> <i>hend—<b>frend</b></i>. <a href = +"#line1555">1556</a> <i><b>stone</b>—gone</i>. <a href = +"#line2185">2188</a> <i>were—<b>yere</b></i>. <a href = +"#line2195">2194</a> <i>here—<b>yere</b></i>. The inflexions of +the adjectives have totally disappeared.</p> + +<p>The <i>infinitive</i> ends in <i>-ne</i> or <i>n</i>, or has no +termination at all. +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page_xiv" id = "page_xiv">xiv</a></span> +(1) with <i>n</i>: <a href = "#line120">123</a> <i>kene—see</i> +(= <i><b>sene</b></i>). <a href = "#line215">217</a> +<i>ageyne—<b>sayne</b></i>. <a href = "#line260">262</a> +<i>fayne—<b>slayne</b></i>. <a href = "#line490">489</a> +<i>Mavdeleyn—<b>seyne</b></i>; <a href = "#line15">16</a> +<i>sone—<b>gon</b></i>.</p> + +<p>(2) without <i>n</i>: <a href = "#line65">67</a> +<i>sake—<b>take</b></i>. <a href = "#line90">93</a> +<i>kynd—<b>fynd</b></i>. <a href = "#line145">148</a> +<i><b>wake</b>—stake</i>. <a href = "#line185">184</a> +<i>so—<b>goo</b></i>. <a href = "#line435">434</a> +<i>Adolake—<b>take</b></i>. <a href = "#line1060">1062</a> +<i>tho—<b>do</b></i>. <a href = "#line1760">1762</a> +<i>me—<b>se</b></i>.</p> + +<p>The 2nd person sing. of the pres. ind. occurs only once in the rhyme, +<a href = "#line1330">1333</a> <i>tase—<b>thou hase</b>, +tas—gas</i>.</p> + +<p>The 3rd person sing. of the present indicative ends in <i>s</i>: +<a href = "#line185">187</a> <i><b>tellys</b>—ellys</i>. <a href = +"#line2315">2317</a> <i>rose—<b>gose</b></i>. <a href = +"#line555">558</a> <i><b>tellythe</b>—elles</i> (The rhyme shows +that <i><b>tellys</b></i> must be inserted; cf. <a href = +"#line100">103</a> <i>gos—takythe</i>, and <a href = +"#line855">858</a> <i>gothe—toke</i> = +<i><b>gas</b>—<b>tas</b></i>.) Only once <i>th</i> occurs: <a href += "#line2045">2047</a> <i>Nazareth—<b>gethe</b></i> (ags. +<i>gæð</i>). On this remarkable form see Zupitza, <i>Guy of Warwick</i>, +note on l. 11075. The plural has no termination: <a href = +"#line5">3</a> <i><b>wynde</b>—ende—lende</i>.</p> + +<p>The <i>subjunctive</i> mood has no inflexions: <a href = +"#line70">70</a> <i><b>sped</b>—stede</i>, 3rd pers. <a href = +"#line85">87</a> <i><b>blynd</b>—wynde</i>, 3rd pers. <a href = +"#line210">213</a> <i>fyld—<b>schyld</b></i>, 3rd pers. <a href = +"#line415">416</a> <i>sey—<b>may</b></i>, 2nd pers. sg. <a href = +"#line585">584</a> <i>feld—<b>schyld</b></i>, 3rd pers. sg. +<a href = "#line1975">1978</a> <i><b>saue</b>—haue</i>; but observe +<a href = "#line140">139</a> <i><b>slone</b>—none</i> and <a href += "#line1840">1839</a> <i><b>sene</b>—grene</i>.</p> + +<p>The <i>present participle</i> ends usually in <i>-ande</i> +(<i>onde</i>): <a href = "#line10">13</a> +<i>londe—<b>wonande</b></i>. <a href = "#line125">127</a> +<i>fonde—<b>growonde</b></i>. <a href = "#line315">315</a> +<i><b>levand</b>—bond</i>. <a href = "#line350">352</a> +<i>stand—<b>lygand</b></i>. <a href = "#line355">358</a> +<i>vndyrstond—<b>levand</b></i>. <a href = "#line1125">1128</a> +<i>stond—<b>shynand</b></i>. <a href = "#line1280">1280</a> +<i><b>fayland</b>—lond</i>. <a href = "#line1445">1445</a> +<i><b>fleand</b>—waraunt</i>. <a href = "#line1450">1452</a> +<i>ffand—<b>goand</b></i>. <a href = "#line1820">1821</a> +<i>lond—<b>wepand</b></i>. <a href = "#line1900">1899</a> +<i>lond—<b>pleyand</b></i>. <a href = "#line2105">2104</a> +<i>hond—<b>levand</b></i>. Thrice <i>-yng</i> is found: <a href = +"#line265">268</a> <i>kyng—<b>dwellyng</b></i>, <a href = +"#line1635">1638</a> and <a href = "#line2565">2568</a>.</p> + +<p>The <i>gerund</i> terminates always in <i>ing</i> (<i>yng</i>): +<a href = "#line1480">1479</a> <i>kyng—<b>ryding</b></i>. <a href = +"#line1500">1503</a> <i><b>comyng</b>—kyng</i>. <a href = +"#line1930">1933</a> <i>ryng—<b>lettyng</b></i>. <a href = +"#line2510">2509</a> <i>kyng—<b>lesyng</b></i>.</p> + +<p>Observe the 2nd pers. sing. of a past tense, <a href = +"#line1590">1589</a> <i><b>thou +cam<sup>)</sup></b>—slan<sup>)</sup></i>, of a +praeterito-praesens, <a href = "#line410">410</a> <i>they—sey, +<b>thow may</b></i>. <a href = "#line1540">1543</a> <i>away—aye, +<b>may</b></i>. <a href = "#line2000">2001</a> +<i><b>may</b>—welaway</i>.</p> + +<p>The <i>past participle</i> of strong verbs terminates in <i>n</i>: +<a href = "#line480">482</a> <i><b>syne</b>—schene, +wene—clene</i>. <a href = "#line675">675</a> +<i><b>slayne</b>—rayne</i>. <a href = "#line800">800</a> +<i><b>slayne</b>—trayne</i>. <a href = "#line1290">1292</a> +<i>fayn<sup>)</sup>—<b>slayn<sup>)</sup></b></i>. <a href = +"#line1560">1562</a> <i><b>sene</b>—wene</i>. <a href = +"#line2320">2323</a> <i>alone—<b>slone</b></i>. We don’t find one +certain instance for the dropping of this <i>n</i>, besides <a href = +"#line1675">1678</a> and <a href = "#line2060">2063</a> <i>be</i>.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page_xv" id = "page_xv">xv</a></span> +<p>The <i>past tense plural</i> of strong verbs has the same vowel as +the singular: <a href = "#line1450">1452</a> They <i><b>ffound</b></i> +(r. <i>ffand</i>)—<i>goand</i>. <a href = +"#line1455">1458</a> <i><b>began</b>—gentilman</i>. <a href = +"#line1750">1753</a> <i>tong—<b>dong</b></i>.</p> + +<p>The 3rd pers. of the present indic. of <i>to be</i> = <i>ys</i> or +<i>es</i>: cf. <a href = "#line735">738</a> +<i>blyse—<b>ys</b></i>. <a href = "#line2410">2413</a> +<i><b>ys</b>—Raynes</i>. Once <i><b>ys</b></i> is found as plural: +<a href = "#line2525">2524</a> <i><b>ys</b>—iwys</i>. The +<i>present subjunctive</i> is <i>be</i> through all persons: <a href = +"#line205">208</a> <i><b>be</b>—me</i>, 2nd pers. <a href = +"#line615">614</a> <i><b>be</b>—se</i>, 3rd pers. <a href = +"#line885">884</a> <i>the—<b>bee</b></i>, 3rd pers. <a href = +"#line2015">2017</a> <i><b>be</b>—me</i>, 2nd pers. plr. The +infinitive <i><b>be</b></i> and <i>bene</i>: <a href = "#line50">49</a> +<i>the—<b>bee</b></i>. <a href = "#line480">483</a> +<i><b>be</b>—see</i>. <a href = "#line1640">1643</a> +<i><b>be</b>—charite</i>. <a href = "#line900">903</a> +<i>the—<b>bee</b></i>. <a href = "#line1830">1833</a> +<i>clene—<b>bene</b></i>. <a href = "#line2160">2161</a> +<i>quene—<b>bene</b></i>. <a href = "#line2610">2613</a> +<i><b>bene</b>—kene</i>. The <i>past tense singular number</i> is +<i>was</i> or <i>wes</i>: <a href = "#line245">247</a> +<i>alas—<b>wase</b></i>. <a href = "#line425">426</a> +<i>glase—<b>was</b></i>. <a href = "#line770">771</a> +<i>pase—<b>wase</b></i>. <a href = "#line1870">1873</a> +<i>wyldernes—<b>was</b></i> (= <i>wes</i>). The plural +<i>were</i>, <i>ware</i>, <i>wore</i>, as well as <i>was</i>, +<i>wes</i>: (1) <a href = "#line400">l. 402</a> +<i><b>wer<sup>)</sup></b>—cher</i>. <a href = "#line1045">1047</a> +<i><b>were</b>—chere</i>. <a href = "#line1845">1845</a> +<i><b>were</b>—ffere</i>. <a href = "#line2585">2586</a> +<i>squiere—<b>were</b>, here—clere</i>. (2) <a href = +"#line600">603</a> <i>fare—<b>were</b></i>. <a href = +"#line2495">2494</a> <i><b>ware</b>—bare</i>. <a href = +"#line1385">1384</a> <i>beffore—there, <b>were</b></i> +(= <i>wore</i>). (3) <a href = "#line385">384</a> +<i>pase—<b>wase</b></i>. <a href = "#line1385">1388</a> +<i>passe—<b>was</b></i>. (4) <a href = "#line2025">2026</a> +<i>wildernes—<b>was</b></i> (= <i>wes</i>). <a href = +"#line2545">2545</a> <i>wildernes—<b>was</b></i>; cf. l. <a href = +"#line2585">2584</a>. The subjunctive mood of the past tense is +<i>were</i> and <i>ware</i>, in sgl. and plr.: <a href = +"#line225">225</a> <i><b>were</b>—clere</i>. <a href = +"#line235">235</a> <i>here—<b>were</b></i>. <a href = +"#line1695">1696</a> <i>chere—<b>were</b></i>. <a href = +"#line2475">2476</a> <i><b>were</b>—bere</i>. <a href = +"#line155">154</a> <i><b>were</b></i> +(= <i>ware</i>)—<i>fare</i>. <a href = "#line1020">1020</a> +<i><b>wer</b></i> (= <i>ware</i>)—<i>fare</i>. <a href = +"#line2075">2074</a> <i>care—<b>ware</b></i>. The past participle: +<a href = "#line5">7</a> <i>bedene—<b>ben</b></i>. <a href = +"#line170">172</a> <i><b>byne</b>—seyn</i>. <a href = +"#line2345">2344</a> <i><b>ibene</b>—kene</i>. <a href = +"#line1675">1678</a> <i><b>be</b>—crystiaunte</i>.</p> + +<p>From this inquiry into the sounds and inflexions, the following +conclusions can be drawn:</p> + +<p>The development of <i>ă</i> is of no use in fixing the dialect. Nor +is <i>ea</i>, which has become <i>a</i>, <i>o</i>, and <i>e</i>, to be +deemed a characteristic either of the Midland or Northern dialect. Ags. +<i>ea</i> occurs as <i>o</i> as early as 1250 in the <i>Northumbrian +Psalter</i>, and 50 years afterwards in <i>Sir Tristrem</i> and <i>Sir +Perceval</i>; even Richard Rolle in his <i>Pricke of Conscience</i> +offers one instance of this change (cf. <i>Sir Tristrem</i>, p. +lxix f.).</p> + +<p>The development of the ags. <i>â</i>, which we find in 26 passages as +<i>a</i>, in 22 as <i>o</i>, is remarkable. There are only a very few +instances of this change in <i>Sir Tristrem</i>, p. lxxi, and in the +<i>Psalter</i>; and this almost equal number of <i>a</i>- and +<i>o</i>-rhymes proves evidently that the poem cannot belong to a +Northern country. At the same time, a proportion +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page_xvi" id = "page_xvi">xvi</a></span> +like that would be impossible in a text of Southern origin. The same +negative result is to be derived from the fact that Ags. <i>y</i> is +always written <i>y</i>.</p> + +<p>As to the inflexions, the plurals of the substantives are formed by +adding <i>-s</i> or <i>-n</i> (<i>en</i>), or by vowel change, or they +have no inflexions at all. As for the inflexion <i>-n</i>, it only +occurs in <i>slon</i> and <i>shon</i>, and of this very word the plural +in <i>n</i> is to be met with even in Northern writers.</p> + +<p>The infinitives both preserve or drop the final <i>n</i>, as is the +rule with the Midland dialect; the form of the past participle with +<i>n</i> accords with the use of the Northern writers.</p> + +<p>The present partic. ending in <i>-and</i> and the past tense plurals +of strong verbs having adopted the vowel of the singular, agree with the +North as well as with the northern districts of the Midland, in the same +way as some forms of <i>to be</i>: plr. prs. <i>ys</i> and plr. prt. +<i>was</i>, besides the usual forms <i>be</i> and <i>are</i>, resp. +<i>were</i> and <i>ware</i>, and the contracted forms of <i>take</i>: +<a href = "#line755">758</a> <i>name—<b>tane</b></i>. <a href = +"#line1095">1095</a> <i>gane—<b>itane</b></i>. <a href = +"#line1825">1825</a> <i><b>ta</b>—twa</i> (cf. <a href = +"#line230">231</a>, <a href = "#line285">286</a>, <a href = +"#line860">859</a>, <a href = "#line1330">1333</a>, <a href = +"#line1475">1475</a>, <a href = "#line1720">1722</a>, <a href = +"#line1730">1733</a>, <a href = "#line2615">2617</a>).</p> + +<p>The forms <i>thou has</i> and <i>thou may</i> point to the West.</p> + +<p>The inflexions of the 3rd pers. prs. sg. are <i>-th</i> and +<i>-s</i>. In the western part of the Midland we never meet with the +ending <i>th</i>, but only with <i>s</i>. In <i>Amis and Amiloun</i>, +the Eastern origin of which seems to be sure, only the inflexion +<i>-eþ</i> is found in the rhyme (<i>Amis</i>, +p. xxx ff.).</p> + +<p>The romance of <i>Sir Torrent</i> seems to be the first document +hitherto considered where both these forms occur, one by the side of the +other. Perhaps this fact justifies us in concluding that this poem was +composed in the east, but on the borders of the west, Midland.</p> +</div> + +<h4><a name = "intro_4" id = "intro_4" href = "#intro">§ 4.</a> THE +CONTENTS OF THE ROMANCE.</h4> + +<p>Before entering on an inquiry into the sources of the romance, it may +be expedient to give a short account of its contents.</p> + +<div class = "block"> +<p>In Portugal once reigned a mighty king, whose name was Calamond. He +had an only daughter, the fair and gentle Desonelle, who was loved by a +young knight called Torrent, son of a Portuguese +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page_xvii" id = "page_xvii">xvii</a></span> +count. As he could not win her, save by distinguishing himself by +valiant exploits, he undertook several adventurous expeditions. First he +set out, by the order of the king, against a mischievous and dangerous +giant, whom he found lying fast asleep on a hill. He roused the giant by +sounding his bugle, and challenged him to fight. Instantly a fierce +combat ensued, in which the awkward giant lost his life. In the giant’s +castle the young hero delivered a maiden, Eleonore, daughter of the king +of Gales, from captivity, and rescued at the same time four princes, +whom the giant had taken some time before and imprisoned in an iron +cage.</p> + +<p>After a short rest Torrent returned into Portugal. He was kindly +received by King Calamond, and splendid festivities were celebrated in +his honour. The kings of Gales and of Provence showed their gratitude by +bestowing on him rich presents, among them a precious sword wrought by +Wayland Smith. Desonelle gave him one of her fine palfreys. Calamond, +however, shrewd as he was, and envious of the hero’s fame, plotted his +ruin. He caused him, by a counterfeit letter of Desonelle, to catch her +a falcon in the forest of Maudlen, which was the haunt of a dangerous +giant, Rochense, and of many wild beasts. Torrent and his squire set out +immediately, but separated on entering the forest, to hunt in the +thicket each by himself. Torrent soon encountered a huge dragon, and +killed it by vehement strokes. The squire, having meanwhile fallen in +with the giant, had been slain by him. The hero, called to the place by +the tumult of battle, attacked the giant, and overcame him after a hard +struggle. He cut off his head to bear with him as a trophy. He then went +into the giant’s castle, where he found a great many jewels, and a +bright sword called Mownpolyard. Having returned to the royal court, he +ordered five priests to say masses for his squire’s soul. At this very +time it happened that the king of Arragon sent messengers to the king of +Portugal, in order to bring about a marriage between Desonelle and his +youngest son. Calamond would not listen to the advice of his spouse, +that he should no longer refuse Desonelle to Torrent, but he promised +her to the prince of Arragon, and at the same time sent the hero once +more against a giant, Slogus of Foulles in Calabre.</p> + +<p>Torrent departed well armed, and after a prosperous voyage arrived in +Calabre. There he soon met the giant, who was one-eyed like the Cyclops, +and bore a huge cudgel as his only weapon. Torrent threw his spear into +the fiend’s eye, and thus overcame him without any long struggle. The +king of Calabre graciously welcomed the hero, and largely rewarded him +for the service he had rendered his country. Having returned into +Portugal, Torrent heard that in a few weeks Desonelle was to be married +to the prince of Arragon. Arrayed in knightly dress, he rode right off +to Calamond’s court, and challenged his rival to fight. After a short +struggle he completely vanquished his antagonist, stretching him on the +ground. The next +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page_xviii" id = "page_xviii">xviii</a></span> +day, as the king, surrounded by his noble guests, banqueted in the great +hall of the castle, Torrent entered with the giant’s head in his hand, +and harshly demanded the king’s daughter; he called all the lords to +witness of Calamond’s perfidy.</p> + +<p>The Emperor of Rome now interceded, and it was agreed at his +suggestion that Torrent should fight once more against a giant named +Cate; if he vanquished that adversary, he should obtain Desonelle and +half Arragon. On an isle near the sea-shore the struggle began in +presence of the assembled knights. Torrent struck the club out of the +giant’s hand, put him to flight, and killed him as he ran away, casting +stones at him. Then the Emperor decided, with the approbation of all his +knights, that the hero had won both the land and the maiden.</p> + +<p>Torrent obtained Desonelle, and rejoiced in the possession of her, +but no solemn marriage was performed.</p> + +<p>Twelve weeks after, he left his spouse, impelled by his venturous and +ambitious mind; for the king of Norway asked him to fight against a wild +giant who had carried off his daughter and was destroying his castles. +Torrent bade his mistress farewell, leaving her two golden rings as +talismans, and set off with fifty companions. Arrived at the coast of +Norway, he and his companions entered a dense forest, in which a great +many wild beasts lived. His companions, seized with fear, parted from +him, and continued their voyage at sea. They told the king of Norway the +false tale that Torrent had perished on shore. The king then set out +himself to rescue his daughter. Torrent meanwhile encountered a giant +named Weraunt, Cate’s brother, and slew him in a hard struggle, but was +himself wounded. In the giant’s castle he saved Gendres, daughter of the +Norwegian king, and conducted her to her father. On the road they were +met by a large train of gallant knights, and were then convoyed in +triumph to the king’s court. There Torrent soon recovered from his +wounds, and was amply rewarded with honours and presents. He stayed +above twelve months at the Norwegian court. The false companions of +Torrent were drowned in the sea by the king’s command, but one squire +escaped to Portugal, and reported the tidings that Torrent yet remained +in Norway. Soon after, as Desonelle was delivered of twins, the hatred +of Calamond suddenly broke out against her. By his order, Desonelle and +her two children were put to sea in a small boat; but a favourable wind +saved them from ruin, and drove the boat upon the coast of Palestine. As +she, helpless, wandered about the downs, a huge dragon (griffin or +gripe) appeared, and seized one of her children, and immediately after a +wild leopard dragged away the other. With submission she suffered her +miserable fate, relying on the help of the Holy Virgin.</p> + +<p>The king of Jerusalem, just returning from a voyage, happened to find +the leopard with the child, which he ordered to be saved and delivered +to him. Seeing from the foundling’s golden ring that the +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page_xix" id = "page_xix">xix</a></span> +child was of noble descent, and pitying its helpless state, he took it +into his palace, and brought him up as his own son (as it were) at his +court. The child was named Leobertus.</p> + +<p>The dragon or gripe with the other child was seen by a pious hermit, +St. Antony, who, though son of the king of Greece, had in his youth +forsaken the world. Through his prayer St. Mary made the dragon put down +the infant; Antony carried him to his father, who adopted him and +ordered him to be baptized. He was named Antony fice Greffoun (Antony, +son of the griffin or gripe).</p> + +<p>Desonelle wandered up and down, after the loss of her children, till +she happened to meet the king of Nazareth hunting. He, recognizing her +as the king of Portugal’s daughter, gave her a kind welcome and +assistance. At his court she lived several years in happy retirement. +Torrent returned at length into Portugal, notwithstanding all the +entreaties of the Norwegian king that he would dwell in Norway somewhat +longer. At his arrival, King Calamond took refuge in his stronghold, and +greeted him from thence with scornful words. Torrent, after having +summoned his friends from Arragon, Provence, and Calabre, conquered the +castle, and took Calamond prisoner. The traitor was sent out to sea in a +leaky boat, and perished.</p> + +<p>In his stead, Torrent was elected king by all the noblemen of the +empire, and took the crown. But forty days after this, he quitted his +realm, having intrusted two knights with its government, and passed to +the Holy Land at the head of a large force. There he fought fifteen +years against the infidels, conquered several towns, and got +immeasurable treasures as booty. The king of Jerusalem, hearing about +Torrent’s deeds, and anxious for his own security, sent his son +Leobertus, with an army of 50,000 men, against Torrent. A pitched +battle began, but it was for a long time doubtful to which side victory +would incline, till at last the two chiefs encountered. The son +vanquishing his father decided the fate of the battle. Torrent was +conveyed as a prisoner to Jerusalem, and thrown into a dungeon. There he +lay above a year, till he was once overheard complaining his misfortunes +by his son, who, touched with pity, prevailed upon the king to set +Torrent at liberty. In this new state Torrent soon found an opportunity +to show his valour and skill in arms, when a grand tournament was held +at Jerusalem. There he proved sole victor over all the knights, and got +the chief prize. The king of Nazareth, who had assisted at this joust, +telling his folk at home who had won the prize, described the arms and +escutcheon of the valiant knight. By these Desonelle recognized her +beloved spouse. At her request the king called princes and knights from +all parts of the world to a great tournament. The kings of Jerusalem, +Greece, Leobertus, Antony fice Greffoun, and Torrent answered the call. +Before an illustrious assembly of mighty princes and noble ladies, all +of whom were surpassed by Desonelle in beauty and grace, the tournament +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page_xx" id = "page_xx">xx</a></span> +began. Leobertus and Antony excelled in it, but the chief was Torrent, +who performed wonders in the joust, vanquishing all valiant adversaries. +The next morning Desonelle could no longer brook reserve, and was about +to discover herself to Torrent; but overwhelmed with joy she fainted, +when she had scarcely uttered the first words of greeting. It was not +till midday that she was able to tell Torrent and the other knights her +fates and those of her children. Then parents and children passionately +embraced on recognizing each other. At Torrent’s request, all of them, +with the kings of Nazareth, Jerusalem, and Greece, and many attendants, +sailed for Portugal. There the nuptials of Torrent with Desonelle were +celebrated with a great round of splendid festivities. Torrent was +finally elected Emperor of Rome, and reigned a long time gloriously. He +lies there buried in a fair abbey.</p> + +<p>A benediction finishes the romance.</p> +</div> + +<p>If we take a survey of the poem, we shall recognize in its conception +a harmonious plan and a certain unity of action, which, as in most of +the romances, is founded on the hero and the interest he affects us with +(See Ten Brink, <i>Engl. Literat.</i>, I. p. 317). In the centre of +the action is placed Torrent’s love of Desonelle; for all the various +combats that he undertakes against dragons and giants, against the +prince of Arragon and King Calamond, are undertaken solely to gain him +Desonelle. Even his expedition against the infidels and the fighting +with his son are designed by Providence to make him find again his lost +love. Halliwell (Preface, p. vii), therefore, is not right in +deeming the romance ‘a rambling poem of adventures without much +plot.’ The length and tediousness of the episodes may have prevented him +from recognizing the unity of the whole. At the same time, however, it +must be admitted that the poem cannot rank with the masterpieces of +romantic poetry written in the same metre, like <i>Amis and Amiloun</i>, +<i>Ipomadon</i>, <i>Kyng of Tars</i>, <i>Octavian</i>, either in the +invention of plot or in the dissection of passions. The diction is so +swelled with stereotyped phrases, and so surfeited with trivialities, +that we may justly suppose the poem to have been composed at a period +when romantic poetry had passed its best time, and had begun to decay. +As to the authorship of the poem, it was probably composed by a monk. It +is an easy thing to show peculiarities in the course of the story which +are essentially monkish. As the romance begins and ends with a +benediction, in +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page_xxi" id = "page_xxi">xxi</a></span> +the same way each deed and each adventure of the hero is introduced and +finished by long prayers. Moreover, the poet points frequently to a +direct interposition of Heaven (ll. 675, 1568, 1948); he describes the +anguish and sorrow that Desonelle feels about her children’s baptism +(ll. 1892-1896 and 2074-76); he mentions emphatically Communion and +Confession (1272 and 2139), Masses (756 and 813); he finally praises the +Emperor for founding churches and abbeys (l. 2658). On the other +side, we find very few of those marks which characterize the works of +minstrels: the poet seldom predicts the fates of his heroes to excite +the attention of his auditors; he mentions only by the way the +performances of the gleemen, and nowhere speaks of the rewards that they +get.</p> + +<p>Passing to a special inquiry into the origin of the story of Torrent, +I cannot persuade myself that it is of the poet’s own invention, as +that would be the only instance of a Middle-English romance not being +taken from foreign originals (except, of course, Chaucer’s <i>Sir +Thopas</i>, which was written to ridicule this whole branch of poetry), +whilst slight alterations or additions were frequently introduced by the +translators. A French original of the romance is supposed by +Halliwell to have existed (Preface, vi). He says, ‘It is probably, like +the second copy of the romance of Horn, a modernized version of an +older English romance, which was itself translated from the French. +I have not been able to discover any traces of the French original, +but there are some singular allusions to its origin in the poem itself. +I allude to the frequent references to the <i>Book of Rome</i>.<a +class = "tag" name = "tag3" id = "tag3" href = "#note3">3</a> This term +was applied to the French language, in which most of the old romances +were originally written.’ As for me, I don’t think that we can much +rely upon references of this kind, because they are common to all of +these Middle-English romances. Of a somewhat greater weight is perhaps +the fact that one or two of the proper names are French; and even the +oath, ‘par l’amour de dieu,’ is worth mentioning. After all, there is no +evident proof as to the French origin. But there is no doubt that +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page_xxii" id = "page_xxii">xxii</a></span> +the story of Torrent in its principal features—the adversities of +a family separated by misfortunes, the mother robbed of her children by +wild beasts, at last united again—proceeded from the old Eustache +legend.<a class = "tag" name = "tag4" id = "tag4" href = +"#note4">4-5</a> Therewith another motive is combined, that of the woman +innocently condemned, on which motive a large stock of legends is +founded; for instance, those of Crescentia, Sibilla, Oliva, Genovefa, +Griseldis and Octavian legends. Upon this motive and its old origin from +India, see Streve, ‘The Octavian legend,’ <i>Erlangen +Dissert.</i>, 84.</p> + +<p>I will consider first the legend of Eustache in its original version. +According to the Greek Martyr Acts, which were probably composed in the +eighth century, this saint was before his baptism a captain of Trajan, +named Placidus. As he one day hunted in the forest, the Saviour appeared +to him between the antlers of a hart, and converted him. Placidus +changed his name into Eustache, when he was baptized with his wife and +sons. God announced to him by an angel his future martyrdom. Eustache +was afflicted by dreadful calamities, lost all his estate, and was +compelled to go abroad as a beggar with his wife and his children. As he +went on board a ship bound for Egypt, his wife was seized by the +shipmaster and carried off. Soon after, when Eustache was travelling +along the shore, his two children were borne away by a lion and a +leopard. Eustache then worked for a long time as a journeyman, till he +was discovered by the Emperor Trajan, who had sent out messengers for +him, and called him to his court. Reappointed captain, Eustache +undertook an expedition against the Dacians. During this war he found +his wife in a cottage as a gardener,—the shipmaster had fallen +dead to +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page_xxiii" id = "page_xxiii">xxiii</a></span> +the ground as he ventured to touch her,—and in the same cottage he +found again his two sons as soldiers: herdsmen had rescued them from the +wild beasts, and brought them up. Glad was their meeting again! But as +they returned to Rome, they were all burnt in a glowing bull of brass by +the Emperor’s order, because they refused to sacrifice to the heathen +gods.</p> + +<p>This legend, which reminds us at once of the story of Job, has been +incorporated in almost all mediæval collections of legends, and upon it +are founded some mediæval poems, which are enumerated by H. Knust in his +splendid work <i>Dos Obras Didácticas y dos Leyendas</i>, Madrid, 1878; +cf. R. Köhler, <i>Zeitschrift für rom. phil.</i> III, p. 272 ff., +Varnhagen, <i>Anglia</i>, III, p. 399 ff.; two latin versions are +edited by the same, <i>Zeitschrift für deutsches Alterthum</i> XXIV, +p. 241 ff., and XXV, p. 1 ff.</p> + +<p>English legends of Eustache are to be found</p> + +<p>(1) In Ælfric’s <i>Passiones Martyrum</i>; see Horstmann, +<i>Altenglische Legenden</i>, Second series, Heilbronn, 1881, +p. xli.</p> + +<p>(2) In the South-English collection, <i>l.c.</i> p. xlviii.</p> + +<p>(3) In the Northern collection, pp. lxi and lxiv. Herrig’s <ins class += "correction" title = "text has ‘Archiv.’"><i>Archiv</i></ins> 57, +p. 262 ff.</p> + +<p>(4) In the Scottish collection of legends, said to be Barbour’s. Cf. +Barbour’s <i>Legendensammlung</i>, ed. C. Horstmann, Heilbronn, 82, ii. +p. 12.</p> + +<p>(5) In the old Engl. translation of the <i>Legenda aurea</i>, see +Horstm., <i>l.c.</i>, p. cxxxv. Caxton’s edition of the legend, No. +196.</p> + +<p>(6) The complete text of the legend printed in Horstmann’s +above-mentioned collection, <i>Altengl. Legendensamml.</i>, +p. 211 ff.</p> + +<p>(7) <i>St. Eustas</i>, by I. Partridge, see Gibbs’ above-mentioned +edition, and Horstm., <i>l.c.</i> p. 472 ff.</p> + +<p>With this legend are connected, more or less, the following poems, +which it is necessary to speak of in turn:</p> + +<p>(1) The Pseudo-Chrestien epic poem, <i>Guillaume d’Engleterre</i>.<a +class = "tag" name = "tag6" id = "tag6" href = "#note6">6</a></p> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page_xxiv" id = "page_xxiv">xxiv</a></span> +<p>(2) The two Middle High German poems, <i>Die gute Frau</i>,<a class = +"tag" name = "tag7" id = "tag7" href = "#note7">7</a> and (3) <i>Der +Graf von Savoyen</i>.<a class = "tag" name = "tag8" id = "tag8" href = +"#note8">8</a></p> + +<p>(4) The romances of <i>Isumbras</i>; (5) of <i>Octavian</i>; (6) +last, <i>Syr Eglamour of Artois</i>, and (7) <i>Sir Torrent of +Portugal</i>.</p> + +<p>The first five have been treated by Holland in his book, <i>Chrestien +de Troies</i>, Tübingen, 1854.</p> + +<p>According to Holland’s opinion, all of these are derived from the +legend of Eustache. He has not exactly inquired into each of them, but +restricts himself to a detailed account of their contents. +A critical inquiry into these poems, except the romance of +<i>Octavian</i>, has been recently published by J. Steinbach: <i>Der +einfluss des Crestien de Troies auf die altenglische literatur</i>. +Leipzig, 1886, p. 41 ff. As to the French and the two German poems, +it may be sufficient to refer to this exhaustive essay, since it is only +by the same legendary origin that they are connected with <i>Sir +Torrent</i>; otherwise they are quite different.</p> + +<p>But of the English romances of <i>Sir Isumbras</i> and of +<i>Octavian</i> it is necessary to treat more minutely. <i>Isumbras</i> +was edited first by Utterson in his <i>Select Pieces of Early Popular +Poetry</i>, London, 1817; secondly by Halliwell in <i>The Thornton +Romances</i>, from the Lincoln MS. A. i. 17. A critical edition of +this poem has long been promised by Prof. Zupitza.</p> + +<p>In this romance the legend of Eustache can be most clearly +recognized. Its contents are, indeed, somewhat transformed according to +the taste of the later Middle Ages: the Roman captain is changed into a +Christian knight, who performs wonders in fighting against the infidels; +he finds his wife as queen of a heathen country; they end their lives as +mighty princes, and so on. The legendary style has been supplanted by +the romantic diction,<a class = "tag" name = "tag9" id = "tag9" href = +"#note9">9</a> but the leading features remain the same. In his +above-mentioned essay, +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page_xxv" id = "page_xxv">xxv</a></span> +pp. 46-48, Steinbach concludes, from a detailed comparison of the +contents, that the author of <i>Isumbras</i> did not derive his story +from the epic poem, <i>Guillaume d’Engleterre</i>, but from an original +which bore a still greater resemblance to the legend of Eustache, and, +at the same time, contained many of those additions which are to be +found in all versions of the legend. Whether this original was composed +in Latin, French, or Anglo-Norman, Steinbach does not pretend to +determine.</p> + +<p>To <i>Isumbras</i> I join a few remarks on the romance of +<i>Octavian</i>, which was edited by Halliwell for the Percy Society, +<i>The Romance of the Emperor Octavian</i>, London, 1844; and by +Sarrazin, <i>Zwei mittelengl. Versionen der Octaviansage</i>, in +Koelbing’s <i>Altengl. Bibliothek</i>, Band III. As for its contents, +cf. Sarrazin, as above, p. xviii ff. Concerning the origin of the +story, he agrees in general with Holland, only he shows a still nearer +connection between <i>Isumbras</i> and <i>Octavian</i>, taking the +former for a mere imitation of the latter. This opinion, however, cannot +be proved. As I cannot enter into detail, I only observe that the +contents of <i>Octavian</i> are a great deal more complicated and +copious than those of <i>Isumbras</i>, which is simple in its plot and +style, and shows the nearest resemblance to the old Eustache legend, +whilst <i>Octavian</i> is a refined and adorned version of the legendary +tale with considerable change in the plan. Isumbras, of course, bears a +strict resemblance to Eustache, but not to the Emperor Octavian, who has +but little of the character of a suffering saint, as he does not become +an outlaw himself, nor is to lose his earthly goods. Even those of his +adventures which are conformable to the original—the separation +from his family, the rape of the children, the final reunion—are +exhibited in a different manner.</p> + +<p>The principal contents of the romance of <i>Octavian</i> bear +internal evidence of its later origin, as it treats chiefly of the +adventures and exploits of Florent, Octavian’s son; especially in the +second half of the story, exploits of Florent so prevail that the +romance might justly bear his name on the title instead of his father’s. +I therefore believe that Sarrazin’s opinion, that <i>Isumbras</i> +is nothing but a bad imitation of <i>Octavian</i>, is wrong; and I am +rather inclined to think the two poems were composed independently from +each +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page_xxvi" id = "page_xxvi">xxvi</a></span> +other, after French originals, as is evidently the case with +<i>Octavian</i>, and probably with <i>Isumbras</i>. See Halliwell, +<i>Thornt. Rom.</i>, p. xviii. Sarrazin, moreover, supposes, +p. xlv, both poems to be due to the same author, in consequence of +the conformity of the dialect and style, and of some literal +coincidences. But the fact that both of these romances are written in +the same dialect is not sufficient to prove the identity of the authors, +nor is the style, which is nearly stereotyped in all of these romances. +As to the literal coincidences, only three of the nine passages quoted +by Sarrazin seem to me to be of any importance. See <i>Octavian</i>, +notes on ll. 382, 397, 481. But even these only show that the writer of +<i>Octavian</i> knew <i>Isumbras</i>, or <i>vice versâ</i>.</p> + +<p>As to the relation between <i>Octavian</i> and our poem, these two +romances have no other affinity than the same legendary origin, and the +motive of the woman innocently persecuted, which may very well have been +introduced independently by two different authors. In all other +particulars they are quite different.</p> + +<p>The heroes bear little resemblance to their legendary models; in +<i>Octavian</i> the Emperor of Rome; in <i>Torrent</i> the young, hardy +knight who encounters marvellous struggles to win the hand of his +spouse. Also in the treatment of the other motive, each romance has +taken its own course. In <i>Octavian</i>, Florence is calumniated by her +mother-in-law; in <i>Torrent</i>, Desonelle is persecuted by her father. +The causes are consequently quite different: there the jealousy of the +mother-in-law against the mighty Empress; here Calamond’s hatred against +Torrent. These differences, now only alluded to, cause a great number of +others, and produce a general difference of the two poems, which renders +the opinion of a nearer connection between them altogether illusory.</p> + +<p>Of all the poems mentioned above, the last, <i>Syr Eglamour of +Artois</i>, is most nearly related to <i>Sir Torrent</i>, a fact found +out by Halliwell,<a class = "tag" name = "tag10" id = "tag10" href = +"#note10">10</a> who, however, thought that there was no necessity for +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page_xxvii" id = "page_xxvii">xxvii</a></span> +him to prove a similarity which would be at once detected by the reader; +still, he takes it for certain that the romance of <i>Torrent</i> is +younger than and partly founded on <i>Sir Eglamour</i>. As he gives no +proof for this opinion, it will be worth while to enter once more into +this question, in order to see whether he is right or not.</p> + +<p>Upon it, the MSS. do not help us. The earliest MS. that can have +contained <i>Sir Eglamour</i> is the parchment one of the Duke of +Sutherland,<a class = "tag" name = "tag11" id = "tag11" href = +"#note11">11</a> written about the end of the 14th century. The other +four MSS. of it<a class = "tag" name = "tag12" id = "tag12" href = +"#note12">12</a> are still later. The only MS. of <i>Sir Torrent</i> +belongs to the 15th century, so that neither of these romances can be +traced very far back.</p> + +<p><i>Sir Eglamour</i> was printed several times in the beginning of the +16th century, and edited anew by Halliwell from the Cambridge MS. in his +well-known collection. To judge from the numerous readings of the +Lincoln, Cotton, and Cambridge MSS. which he has quoted, the Lincoln MS. +shows best the original dialect, and offers in several passages a +reading preferable as to rhyme and meaning.<a class = "tag" name = +"tag13" id = "tag13" href = "#note13">13</a> Even slight differences in +the contents occur now and then.<a class = "tag" name = "tag14" id = +"tag14" href = "#note14">14</a></p> + +<p>The metre and probably the dialect are the same in both romances; +they are composed in the tail-rhymed twelve-line stanzas, and written in +a North Midland dialect. In both of them the style is alike swelled with +the habitual phrases; only the long prayers and pious reflections so +frequent in <i>Torrent</i> are not to be met with in <i>Eglamour</i>. On +the other hand, the poet is wont to predict the fates of his heroes (ll. +204, 951); he often demands attention (ll. 15, 39, 343, 634, 904); he +never omits, in describing the festivals, to mention the performances of +the minstrels, and to praise the liberality of the lords. These +characteristics render it probable that the author of <i>Eglamour</i> +was a minstrel, not a clerk or monk, as I suppose the author of <i>Sir +Torrent</i> to be.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page_xxviii" id = "page_xxviii">xxviii</a></span> +<p>I now pass on to compare the contents of the two poems. The principal +features of the plot are the same in both. A young knight who seeks +the hand of a princess engages to win her by valiant exploits. The +princess’s father opposes his wooing, jealous as he is of the hero’s +renown. The knight vanquishes all the giants and other monsters against +which he is told to fight, and at length gains his spouse. A few +weeks after their marriage, he sets out again on adventurous +expeditions. While he stays abroad, his wife is delivered of twins. Her +father sends her to sea in a leaky boat; she lands on a foreign shore, +where her children are carried off by wild beasts; but they are saved in +a marvellous manner, and brought up at royal courts, whilst she herself +lives for a long time at a foreign court. As the hero, when he comes +home again, doesn’t find her, he goes into the Holy Land to fight with +the infidels. After various adventures he finds his wife and children +after a tournament at a foreign court. They return home gladly, and +celebrate their nuptials by great festivals. The cruel father is duly +punished.</p> + +<p>On entering into details, however, we find considerable discrepancies +between the two romances. First, the names are altogether different. +(Eglamour = Torrent. Crystyabelle = Desonelle. Prynsamour = Calamond. +Organata = Gendres. Degrabelle = Antony fice Greffoun.) The stage of the +plot is in <i>Eglamour</i> Artois, Rome, and Egypt; in <i>Torrent</i> +Portugal, Norway, and Calabre. Only the Holy Land is mentioned in both. +There the children are carried off by wild beasts, saved by princes and +brought up; there the hero fights against the infidels.</p> + +<p>The differences of the plot itself are the following:</p> + +<p>1. Eglamour confesses his love to Crystyabelle before his deeds; +a squire is the go-between in his suit; Eglamour finds love in +return. In <i>Torrent</i> Desonelle does not know that she is adored by +the hero till after his first exploit. See <a href = "#line110">ll. +109</a>, <a href = "#line445">448</a>.</p> + +<p>2. Accordingly, Eglamour, setting out on adventures, receives two +greyhounds and a sword of St. Paul from Crystyabelle as presents, +whereas Torrent gets an ambler from his lady love, but not till after +his first deed.</p> + +<p>3. Prynsamour charges Eglamour with three deeds by which he +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page_xxix" id = "page_xxix">xxix</a></span> +is to gain Crystyabelle. Torrent is obliged to undertake not less than +five combats.</p> + +<p>4. In <i>Torrent</i> the combats of the hero are enlarged and adorned +by additions not to be found in <i>Eglamour</i>. The latter does not +release the daughters and sons of kings, nor does he find precious +swords in the castles of the giants, nor is he deceived by a king’s +counterfeit letter, which causes Torrent a dangerous struggle and the +rivalry of a foreign prince. Only in <i>Eglamour</i> (ll. 40-48) some +knights are mentioned who came to win Crystyabelle by jousting, but were +all vanquished by Eglamour.</p> + +<p>The greatest differences are found in the second halves of the +stories.</p> + +<p>5. Crystyabelle has one child by Eglamour; Desonelle has two by +Torrent.</p> + +<p>6. Crystyabelle is driven away into Egypt, where she is graciously +received by the king. Desonelle finds refuge in the court of the king of +Nazareth.</p> + +<p>7. Degrabelle, the son of Crystyabelle, is saved and brought up by +the king of Israel; the sons of Desonelle by the kings of Greece and +Jerusalem.</p> + +<p>8. The father of Crystyabelle is not punished like Calamond in +<i>Torrent</i>, immediately after the hero’s return, but he dies at the +end of the poem, throwing himself down from the battlements.</p> + +<p>9. Degrabelle is sent, when fifteen years old, into Egypt by his +adoptive father to sue for a spouse. In a joust he gains the hand of his +mother and marries her. On the very wedding-day the mother recognizes +her son by his escutcheon, and the marriage is instantly dissolved. +Quite differently does the story run in <i>Sir Torrent</i>. Leobertus, +fifteen years old, marches by order of the king of Jerusalem against his +father, and takes him prisoner, but at length solicits his release.</p> + +<p>10. The tournament, which in both poems compasses the reunion of the +separated family, is brought on in a different manner. In +<i>Eglamour</i> Degrabelle himself proposes the hand of his mother as +the prize in the next tournament, to which his father comes. In +<i>Torrent</i> Desonelle, hearing of the victories of the strange +knight, supposes +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page_xxx" id = "page_xxx">xxx</a></span> +him to be her spouse from his arms, and at her request a tournament is +arranged. (Her hand seems to have been likewise the prize, as may be +gleaned from l. <ins class = "correction" title = +". missing">2440.</ins>)</p> + +<p>11. At the very end of the poems two slight differences are to be +noted: in <i>Eglamour</i>, Degrabelle marries Organata, daughter of the +king of Sidon, whereas the sons of Torrent return into Greece and +Jerusalem. Eglamour is crowned prince of Artois; Torrent is elected +Emperor of Rome.</p> + +<p>From this comparison we may conclude that <i>Torrent</i> is not +directly founded upon <i>Eglamour</i>, or <i>vice versâ</i>; the +differences are too great to justify the supposition that either is +drawn from the other. Especially is the opinion of Halliwell, which I +mentioned above, to be rejected: <i>Sir Torrent</i> cannot be founded on +<i>Sir Eglamour</i>, simply because it agrees more closely with the old +legendary tale than <i>Syr Eglamour</i> does, and has preserved some +essential features not to be found in <i>Eglamour</i>, in which these +are supplanted by others. Desonelle, for instance, has two children +according to the old legend, Crystyabelle one; Torrent must fight and +suffer in heathen lands like Eustache, whereas Eglamour appears as a +mere knight-errant. Further, neither in the Eustache legend nor in +<i>Torrent</i> do we find the history of the son who marries his mother, +which motive the poet may have taken from the legend of Pope Gregory, or +perhaps from the tale of <i>Syr Degaré</i>.</p> + +<p>But how can the resemblance of the leading features and the +discrepancies in particulars be explained? I think the most +probable conjecture is, that an old poem, now lost, existed, with which +the authors of <i>Sir Eglamour</i> and of <i>Sir Torrent</i> were +acquainted; but not having a MS. of it, or knowing it by heart, both of +them made up their minds to rewrite the story in a well-known metre, +changing, omitting, adding whatever they liked, even filling up the gaps +in their memories by invention. Both of them recollected the first half +of the story better than the second.</p> + +<p>That this poem was an English one seems to be shown by a good many +verbal coincidences in both poems; these I accordingly suppose to have +belonged to the lost original. They are, indeed, too frequent to be +counted simply amongst the large stock of conventional +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page_xxxi" id = "page_xxxi">xxxi</a></span> +phrases which are to be met with in every poem of this kind. Here they +are:—</p> + +<table class = "parallel" summary = "side-by-side texts"> +<tr> +<th><a name = "parallel" id = "parallel">Eglamour.</a></th> +<th>Torrent.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p>The boke of Rome th<i>u</i>s can telle. +<span class = "linenum">408, 561, 886</span></p> +</td> +<td> +<p>As the boke of Rome tellys. +<span class = "linenum right">187, 924, 1450, 1924</span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p>Ther ys a jeaunt here besyde, +<span class = "linenum">478</span></p> +<p>That sorowe doyth ferre and wyde.</p> +<p class = "indent">On us and odur moo.</p> +</td> +<td> +<p>There ys a gyante here besyde,</p> +<p>In ale thys covntre fare and wyde,</p> +<p class = "indent">No man on lyve levythe hee. +<span class = "linenum right">960</span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p>And alle prayed for that knyght. +<span class = "linenum">573</span></p> +</td> +<td> +<p>For hym all̴ they pray. +<span class = "linenum right">108</span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p>Alle that in the cyté ware. +<span class = "linenum">598</span></p> +</td> +<td> +<p>All̴ that in<sup>)</sup> the sytte were. +<span class = "linenum right">1047</span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p>Alle that cuntrey was fulle fayne, +<span class = "linenum">640</span></p> +<p>That he homeward was comyn ageyne.</p> +</td> +<td> +<p>Gentilmen were blith and ffayn<sup>)</sup>, +<span class = "linenum right">1098</span></p> +<p>That he in helth was comyn<sup>)</sup> agayn<sup>)</sup>.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p>Aftur sopur, as y yow telle,</p> +<p>He wendyd to chaumber with Crystyabelle. +<span class = "linenum">670, 671</span></p> +</td> +<td> +<p>After mete, as I you tell̴,</p> +<p>To speke with mayden Desonell̴</p> +<p class = "indent">To her chamber he went. +<span class = "linenum right">1358-60</span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p>That lady was not for to hyde, +<span class = "linenum">673-75</span></p> +<p>She sett hym on hur beddys syde,</p> +<p class = "indent">And welcomyd home that knyght.</p> +</td> +<td> +<p>The damysell̴ so moche of pride,</p> +<p>Set hym on<sup>)</sup> her bed-syde,</p> +<p class = "indent">And said ‘welcom<sup>)</sup> verament.’ +<span class = "linenum right">1363</span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p>So gracyously he come hur tylle, +<span class = "linenum">679</span></p> +<p>Of poyntes of armys he schewyd hur hys fylle, +<span class = "linenum">680</span></p> +<p class = "indent">That there they dwellyd alle nyȝt.</p> +</td> +<td> +<p>Such gestenyng he a-right,</p> +<p>That there he dwellid all̴ nyȝt</p> +<p class = "indent">With that lady gent. +<span class = "linenum right">1364-66</span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p>A golde rynge y schalle geve the, +<span class = "linenum">715</span></p> +<p>Kepe yt wele my lady free,</p> +<p class = "indent">Yf Cryste sende the a chylde! +<span class = "linenum">717</span></p> +</td> +<td> +<p>Thes gold rynges I shall̴ yeve the,</p> +<p>Kepe them well̴, my lady ffre,</p> +<p class = "indent">Yf god a child vs send! +<span class = "linenum right">1396-1398</span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p>Doghtur, into the see schalt thou, +<span class = "linenum">803</span></p> +<p>Yn a schypp alone,</p> +<p>And that bastard that to the ys dere!</p> +</td> +<td> +<p>There fore thou shalt in to the see</p> +<p>And that bastard with-in the! +<span class = "linenum right">1793</span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p>Sche prayed hur gentylwomen so free,</p> +<p>Grete wele my lord, whon ye hym see! +<span class = "linenum">826, 827</span></p> +</td> +<td> +<p>She said ‘knyghtis and ladyes gent,</p> +<p>Grete well̴ my lord sir Torrent,</p> +<p class = "indent">Yeff ye hym<sup>)</sup> euer sene! +<span class = "linenum right">1837-39</span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p>Hur yonge sone away he bare. +<span class = "linenum">842</span></p> +</td> +<td> +<p>A way he bare her yong son<sup>)</sup>. +<span class = "linenum right">1871</span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p>Thys chylde ys comyn of gentylle blode,</p> +<p>Where that ever that he was tane. +<span class = "linenum">863</span></p> +</td> +<td> +<p>This chylde is come of gentill̴ teme,</p> +<p>Where euer this beest hym<sup>)</sup> ffond. +<span class = "linenum right">1923</span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p>Kepe we thys lady whyte as flowre,</p> +<p>And speke we of syr Egyllamowre. +<span class = "linenum">950</span></p> +</td> +<td> +<p>Leve we now that lady gent,</p> +<p>And speke we of sir Torrent. +<span class = "linenum right">2080-81</span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p>The knyght swownyd in that tyde. +<span class = "linenum">975</span></p> +</td> +<td> +<p>Swith on sownyng there he fell̴. +<span class = "linenum right">2093</span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p>Be the XV yerys were comyn and gone,</p> +<p>The chylde that the grype hath tane,</p> +<p>Waxe bothe bold and stronge. +<span class = "linenum">1018-20</span></p> +</td> +<td> +<p>And be the VII yere were gone,</p> +<p>The child that the liberd had tane,</p> +<p>Found hym his fill̴ off ffyght. +<span class = "linenum right">2233-35</span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p>Yn yustyng ne in turnament +<span class = "linenum">1021</span></p> +<p>Ther myght no man withsytt hys dynte,</p> +<p class = "indent">But to the erthe them thronge. +<span class = "linenum">1023</span></p> +</td> +<td> +<p>With heve tymbyr and ovyrryde +<span class = "linenum right">40</span></p> +<p>Ther myght no man<sup>)</sup> hys dent abyde,</p> +<p class = "indent">But to the erthe he them strake. +<span class = "linenum right">42</span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p>Be thre wekys were comyn to ȝende,</p> +<p>Yn the londe of Egypt can they lende. +<span class = "linenum">1057</span></p> +</td> +<td> +<p>But ore thre wekes were com̅yn<sup>)</sup> to end,</p> +<p>To Portynggall̴ gan he wend. +<span class = "linenum right">373</span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p>Gentilmen that herde of thys crye,</p> +<p>Thedur come they redylye. +<span class = "linenum">1195-96</span></p> +</td> +<td> +<p>Gret lordys that herith this crye,</p> +<p>Theder come richely. +<span class = "linenum right">2431-32</span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p>Syr Egyllamour knelyd on his kne,</p> +<p>‘A Lorde God ȝylde hyt the! +<span class = "linenum">1288-89</span></p> +</td> +<td> +<p>Torent knelid vppon<sup>)</sup> his knee +<span class = "linenum right">2575</span></p> +<p>And said ‘God yeld you, lordys ffree!</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page_xxxii" id = "page_xxxii">xxxii</a></span> +<p>In swounynge than felle that lady free,</p> +<p>‘Welcome, syr Eglamour, to me!</p> +</td> +<td> +<p>She said ‘welcom<sup>)</sup>, my lord sir Torent!</p> +<p>And so be ye, my lady gent!</p> +<p class = "indent">In sownyng than fell̴ she. +<span class = "linenum right">2505</span></p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class = "center"> +<ins class = "correction" title = "line also printed at bottom of preceding page"><i>Eglamour</i>, +Linc. MS. Note on 1267:</ins> +</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p>Grete lordis thane told scho sone.</p> +</td> +<td> +<p>Gret lordys told she sone. +<span class = "linenum right">2539</span></p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Perhaps some more light will be thrown on this question when we get +the much-wanted critical edition of <i>Sir Eglamour</i>; but I fear that +the ‘secret history attached to the source of these romances’ will even +then remain to be unravelled. What I have proposed has no title to a +better name than a conjecture.</p> + + +<h4><a name = "intro_5" id = "intro_5" href = "#intro">§ 5.</a> THE +ARRANGEMENT OF THE EDITION.</h4> + +<p>As to the only MS. in which this romance has come down to us, +I have mentioned before that it is exceedingly corrupt; many +conjectures, more or less sure, were necessary in order to restore +metre, rhyme, and meaning; the greater part of them seemed worthy to be +entered in the text, the rest being offered in the notes. No attempt has +been made to introduce a uniform character of dialect, considering the +quite unsettled state of orthography in early times. The only exceptions +are where the sounds are fully determined by the rhyme. In general the +orthography of the MS. has been reproduced as accurately as possible. +The contractions used by the scribe are expanded and printed in italics. +At the beginning of a new period, or a proper name within the line, +capitals have been introduced. From l. 1200, where the numeration of my +text no longer coincides with that of Halliwell’s edition, the +line-numbers of the latter are added in brackets.</p> + +<p>The fragments which I have added as an appendix to the text have been +consulted in all cases of difficulty, and proved of no little service in +correcting the blunders of the manuscript; they contain indeed a +somewhat better text than the MS., though they are by no means free from +clerical errors. A detailed comparison gives the following +result:</p> + +<p>In fifty-one lines the text of the fragments is evidently correcter +than the MS.:</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page_xxxiii" id = "page_xxxiii">xxxiii</a></span> + +<table class = "parallel" summary = "parallel texts"> +<tr> +<th>Fragments.</th> +<th>Manuscript.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p>The kyng of Nazareth sent hym me,</p> +<p>Torent, I wot-saue hym on the. +<span class = "linenum">466</span></p> +</td> +<td> +<p>The kyng of Portynggall̴ seyd, ‘So mot I the!</p> +<p>Torrent, I wet-saffe of the.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p>The kyng wolde fayne that he ded were,</p> +<p>And he wyst nat on what manere. +<span class = "linenum">472</span></p> +</td> +<td> +<p>The kyng wolde fayne that he wer ded,</p> +<p>And hym wyst in what maner.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p>To Torent that was true as stele, +<span class = "linenum">477</span></p> +</td> +<td> +<p>To Torrent trew ase styll̴,</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p>In what londe that they brede. +<span class = "linenum">487</span></p> +</td> +<td> +<p>In what lond they ne bred.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p>He bestrode a noble stede. +<span class = "linenum">502</span></p> +</td> +<td> +<p>Tho he bestrod another stede.</p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Cf. 489, 498, 507-10, 512-15, 822, 825, 831, 833, 834, 837, 845, 848, +851, 929, 932, 933, 935, 947, 948, 951, 952, 958, 965, 968-70, 1807, +1808, 1810, 1827, 1828, 1831, 1834-36, 1844, 1854, 1866.</p> + +<p>Forty-eight lines are coincident: 468, 470, 474, 479, 480, 486, 487, +495, 499, 501, 504, 505, 520, 823, 832, 842, 844, 846, 917, 918, 921, +922, 927, 928, 936, 938, 953, 957, 962, 1809, 1813-17, 1819-21, 1823, +1830, 1832, 1838, 1847, 1850, 1851-52, 1863, 1865.</p> + +<p>In ninety-one lines it is doubtful which reading is to be considered +as the original one:</p> + +<table class = "parallel" summary = "parallel texts"> +<tr> +<th>Fragments.</th> +<th>Manuscript.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p>As they walkyd by the ryvers syde. +<span class = "linenum">469</span></p> +</td> +<td> +<p>Ase the went be the watyres syd.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p>Howe he myght hym shent. +<span class = "linenum">473</span></p> +</td> +<td> +<p>How he schuld be schent.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p>The kyng sayde ‘what may this be?</p> +<p>Lorde, it is sent to me</p> +<p>For a faucon shene. +<span class = "linenum">483-85</span></p> +</td> +<td> +<p>Syr, he seyd, what may thys be?</p> +<p>Loo, lord, come ner and see</p> +<p>Abowght a facon schene.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p>Than sayde the kyng vntrue,</p> +<p>‘And ye fynde hawes of great value,</p> +<p>Brynge me one with the! +<span class = "linenum">492-94</span></p> +</td> +<td> +<p>And than seyd the kyng ontrew,</p> +<p>‘Yf thow get hawkys of great valew,</p> +<p>Bryng on of them to me!</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p>Of thy dowghter hende. +<span class = "linenum">836</span></p> +</td> +<td> +<p>Of yowr dowghttyr hend.</p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Cf. 467, 475, 476, 478, 481, 482, 488, 496, 497, 500, 506, 511, +516-20, 821, 824, 826, 827, 829, 830, 835, 838-41, 843, 847, 850, 919, +920, 923, 925-26, 930-31, 934, 937, 939, 940-43, 945, 946, 949, 950, +954, 955, 959, 960-61, 963, 964, 966, 967, 1811, 1812, 1818, 1822, 1825, +1826, 1829, 1837, 1840, 1842, 1843, 1845-46, 1848-49, 1853, 1855-62, +1864.</p> + +<p>In eleven lines the text of the MS. is superior to that of the +fragment:</p> + +<table class = "parallel" summary = "parallel texts"> +<tr> +<th>Fragments.</th> +<th>Manuscript.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p>‘Ye, by my trouthe!’ sayd Torente. +<span class = "linenum">828</span></p> +</td> +<td> +<p>‘Ye, be trouthe!’ seyd Torrent than.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p>Delycyous notes on hyghe. +<span class = "linenum">944</span></p> +</td> +<td> +<p>Delycyous nottis on hyght.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<p>Frowarde the se. +<span class = "linenum">956</span></p> +</td> +<td> +<p>Froward the sytte.</p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Cf. 488, 503, 820, 849, 924, 1824, 1833, 1839.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page_xxxiv" id = "page_xxxiv">xxxiv</a></span> +<p>As to the sixth fragment, 1014-36, and the beginning of the first (in +Halliwell’s edition the third), 462-64, in which, as above mentioned, +not much more than the rhyming words are preserved, they have nearly the +same relation to the MS. as the other ones.</p> + +<p>In the following passages they correct the rhymes of the MS.: 1017, +1018, 1028, 1033. Coincident rhymes: 1014, 1015, 1019, 1026, 1027, 1032, +1034-36. Undecided: 1020, 1021, 1023-24, 1029-30, 462-64. The rhymes of +the MS. are preferable in ll. 1016, 1022, 1025, 1031.</p> + +<p>I need only add, that all the discrepancies between the MS. and the +fragments, however numerous they may be, concern, for the most part, +things of little importance; they are caused especially by the frequent +change of synonymous terms, by the difference of expletive words and +phrases, the transposition of words, the change of tenses, and so on. +But as there is nowhere any essential difference to be traced, we may +conjecture with great probability that the early printed edition of the +romance was taken from a manuscript which was pretty nearly related to +the Manchester MS., though somewhat more correctly written.</p> + +<p>I gladly take the present opportunity of acknowledging my very great +obligation to Prof. Koelbing, from whom I have received ample assistance +throughout the whole of this work. It would be absolutely impossible to +me entirely to discriminate his part from mine. He carefully revised the +introduction, notes, and the glossary, before they went to press, and +after they came from it, and he looked several times through the proofs +of the text. Nor am I less indebted to Mr. Joseph Hall at Manchester, +who not only kindly read the proofs of the text with the MS. in the +Chetham Library, but also contributed some valuable notes, which are +marked by his name. The Director has added the head-lines and +side-notes.</p> + +</div> +<!-- end div intro --> + +<hr /> + +<h4>Footnotes to Introduction</h4> + +<div class = "footnote"> +<p><a name = "note1" id = "note1" href = "#tag1">1.</a> +Halliwell says, Preface v f.: ‘It is very incorrectly written, and the +copy of the romance of Torrent of Portugal, which occupies 88 pages of +the book, contains so many obvious blunders and omissions, that it may +be conjectured with great probability to have been written down from +oral recitation<ins class = "correction" title = +"close quote missing or invisible">.’</ins></p> + +<p><a name = "note2" id = "note2" href = "#tag2">2.</a> +The rhymes with <i>tane</i> and with <i>John</i> are not quoted, as +these words occur also as <i>tone</i> and <i>Johan</i>; they are, +therefore, of no use in fixing the sound of the <i>â</i>.</p> + +<p><a name = "note3" id = "note3" href = "#tag3">3.</a> +On this term see <i>Octavian</i>, ed. Sarrazin, p. xxxviii.</p> + +<p><a name = "note4" id = "note4" href = "#tag4">4.</a> +See Warton’s opinion upon the legendary origin of many romances, +<i>History of Engl. Poetry</i>, London, 1824, I. p. ccxliv: ‘Many +romances were at first little more than legends of devotion, containing +the pilgrimage of an old warrior. At length, as chivalry came into +vogue, the youthful and active part of the pilgrim’s life was also +written. The penitent changed into the knight-errant.’ Sometimes, of +course, the opposite change may have taken place, as for instance is +probably the case with the story of the two faithful friends, Amis and +Amiloun (cf. Koelbing, <i>Amis</i>, p. lxxxi), and with the story of +Robert the Devil (cf. <i>Sir Gowther</i>, ed. Breul, p. 74).</p> + +<p><a name = "note5" id = "note5" href = "#tag4">5.</a> +See the edition of <i>The worthie Hystorie of Plasidas</i>, 1566, by +H. H. Gibbs, for the Roxburghe Club, 1873.</p> + +<p><a name = "note6" id = "note6" href = "#tag6">6.</a> +<i>Guill. d’Engleterre</i>, ed. Fr. Michel, <i>Chron. Anglo-Norm.</i>, +III. 39-172. On the authorship of this poem see C. Hofmann, +<i>Sitzungsberichte der Münch. Akad.</i>, 1870, II. p. 51, and P. +Meyer, <i>Romania</i>, VIII. p. 815 f.</p> + +<p><a name = "note7" id = "note7" href = "#tag7">7.</a> +<i>Die gute Frau</i>, ed. E. Sommer in Haupt’s <i>Zeitschrift für +deutsches Alterthum</i>, II. 389.</p> + +<p><a name = "note8" id = "note8" href = "#tag8">8.</a> +<i>Der Graf v. Savoyen</i>, ed. F. <ins class = "correction" title = +"text has H.,">H.</ins> v. d. Hagen, <i>Minnesinger</i>, IV. 640, and +Eschenburg, <i>Denkmäler altdeutscher Dichtkunst</i>, Bremen, 1799.</p> + +<p><a name = "note9" id = "note9" href = "#tag9">9.</a> +On this text see Sarrazin, <i>Octav.</i>, p. xlv; he speaks of “die +entstellte, spielmannsmässig zersungene Form, in der die Thornton Ms uns +die legende überliefert. . . . . . dasselbe Pathos, dieselbe +Sentimentalität und Frömmelei, aber auch dieselbe anschauliche und +lebhafte Erzählungsweise (sc. as in Oct.).”</p> + +<p><a name = "note10" id = "note10" href = "#tag10">10.</a> +<i>The Thornton Romances</i>, p. xxii f. ‘The romance of <i>Torrent</i> +is partly founded upon the story related in <i>Sir Eglamour</i>. The +names are changed, but the resemblance is too striking to have been the +result of chance. The treachery of the sovereign, the prowess of the +knight, the indiscretions and misfortunes of the lady, and the happy +conclusion of her misfortunes, these form the leading incidents of each +romance . . . . there is, perhaps, a secret history +attached to the source of these romances that remains to be +unravelled.’</p> + +<p><a name = "note11" id = "note11" href = "#tag11">11.</a> +Cf. Koelbing’s <i>Englische Studien</i>, vii. p. 191 ff.</p> + +<p><a name = "note12" id = "note12" href = "#tag12">12.</a> +Cf. <i>The Thornton Romances</i>, p. xxv ff., and p. xxxvi.</p> + +<p><a name = "note13" id = "note13" href = "#tag13">13.</a> +See the following passages which Halliwell has quoted in the notes: +<i>Eglam.</i> 54, 96, 107, 111, 122, 128, 139, 153, 177, 195, 213, 247, +337, 347, 399, 445, 572, 605, 614, 737, 740, 765, 858, 883, 945, 985, +1081, 1143, 1206, 1216.</p> + +<p><a name = "note14" id = "note14" href = "#tag14">14.</a> +See <i>Eglamour</i>, notes on ll. 1064, 1082, 1267.</p> +</div> + + +<div class = "torrent"> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page1" id = "page1">1</a></span> + +<p class = "illustration"> +<a name = "torrent" id = "torrent"> </a><br /> +<img src = "images/torrent1.png" width = "280" height = "37" +alt = "Torrent of Portyngale." title = "Torrent of Portyngale." /></p> + +<p> </p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 76<i>a</i>.</span> +<p class = "indent">Here bygynneth a good tale</p> +<p class = "indent">Of Torrente of Portyngale.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza1" id = "stanza1" href = "#notes_stz1"> +(1)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +<i>leaf</i> 1</span> +<span class = "sidenote"> +May God give</span> +<p><b>G</b>od, that ys worthy and Bold,</p> +<p>Heuen<sup>)</sup> and Erthe haue In hold,</p> +<p class = "indent">Fyld, watyr, and wynde,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +us grace to win Heaven!</span> +<p>Yeve vse g<i>ra</i>ce hevyn<sup>)</sup> to wyne,</p> +<p>And brynge vs owt off Dedly synne +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line5" id = "line5">5</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">And In thy s<i>er</i>uyse to Ende!</p> +<p>A stounde and ye woll̴ lyst be-Dene,</p> +<p>Ale dowghtty men<sup>)</sup> þ<i>a</i>t Euyr hathe +b<i>e</i>n<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p class = "indent">Wher So that they lende,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +I’ll tell you of a doughty knight.</span> +<p>I Schall̴ yow tell̴, ore I hense pase, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line10" id = "line10">10</a></span></p> +<p>Off a knyght, þ<i>a</i>t Dowghtty wase,</p> +<p class = "indent">In Rome ase clarkys ffynde.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +8. <i>byn</i> MS.</p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza2" id = "stanza2" href = "#notes_stz2"> +(2)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +He dwelt in Portugal,</span> +<p>In Portynggall̴, that Ryche londe,</p> +<p>An Erell̴ that wase wonande,</p> +<p class = "indent">That curtese wase and <i>wyght</i>; +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line15" id = "line15">15</a></span></p> +<p>Sone aftyr he had a sone,</p> +<p>The feyerest þ<i>a</i>t on fot myght gon,</p> +<p class = "indent">Tyrrant, men seyd, he hyght.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and fought well when 18.</span> +<p>Be tyme he wase XVIII yer<sup>)</sup> old,</p> +<p>Of dedd<i>es</i> of armys he wase bold, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line20" id = "line20">20</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">To felle bothe kyng and knyght;</p> +<p>And now com<i>m</i>ythe dethe appon a day</p> +<p>And takythe hys father<sup>)</sup>, ase I yow sey,</p> +<p class = "indent">For God ys most of myght.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>15. <i>wyght</i>] <i>Dowghtty</i> MS.</p> + +<p>21. <i>felle</i>] first <i>l</i> above the line MS.</p> +</div> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page2" id = "page2">2</a></span> +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT LOVES DESONELL.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza3" id = "stanza3" href = "#notes_stz3"> +(3)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +The King</span> +<p>The kyng of Portynggall̴ wase fayne, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line25" id = "line25">25</a></span></p> +<p>To-warde hym he takythe Torrayne,</p> +<p class = "indent">That Dowghtty ys in<sup>)</sup> dedde;</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +gives Torrent an earldom,</span> +<p>And ther he fesomnyd in<sup>)</sup> hys hond</p> +<p>A good Eyrldom in<sup>)</sup> that lond,</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 76<i>b</i>.</span> +<p class = "indent">Bothe forest and <i>fede</i>. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line30" id = "line30">30</a></span></p> +<p>The kyng hathe a dowghttyr <i>whyte</i> ase <i>fame</i>,</p> +<p>Dys<i>o</i>ne<i>ll</i> wase her name,</p> +<p class = "indent">Worthyest in wede.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and he falls in love with the King’s daughter Desonell,</span> +<p>When Torrent had of her<sup>)</sup> a syght,</p> +<p>More he lovyd that swet<i>e</i> wy<i>gh</i>t +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line35" id = "line35">35</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Than<sup>)</sup> all̴ ys fathyrys l<i>e</i>de.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>30. <i>fede</i>] <i>Downe</i> MS.</p> + +<p>31. <i>whyte ase fame</i>] <i>feyer ase flowyr</i> MS.</p> + +<p>32. <i>Dyscenys</i>, MS.</p> + +<p>35. <i>swete</i>] <i>swet</i>, MS.<br /> +<i>wyght</i>] <i>wyte</i> MS.</p> + +<p>36. <i>lede</i>] <i>londe</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza4" id = "stanza4">(4)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +and for her,</span> +<p>For love of thys lady Deyr<sup>)</sup></p> +<p>In dede of armys far and nere</p> +<p class = "indent">Aventorr<i>es</i> gan he take</p> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> heve tymbyr and ovyr-Ryde, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line40" id = "line40">40</a></span></p> +<p>Ther myght no man<sup>)</sup> hys dent a-bydde,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +unhorses many knights.</span> +<p class = "indent">But to the Erthe he them str<i>a</i>ke.</p> +<p>Her father and other knyghtt<i>es</i> mo</p> +<p>Had farly, how he Ryd soo,</p> +<p class = "indent">And on a day to hyme spake, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line45" id = "line45">45</a></span></p> +<p>He Seyd: ‘Torrent, howe may thys byne,</p> +<p>That thow Dysp<i>i</i>syst thes knyghtt<i>es</i> kene</p> +<p class = "indent">And ordurr<i>es</i> non woll̴ take?’</p> +</div> +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>39. <i>A ventorres</i> MS.</p> + +<p>42. <i>stroke</i> MS.</p> + +<p>47. <i>dysplesyst</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza5" id = "stanza5" href = "#notes_stz5"> +(5)</a></h5> + +<p>Torrent sayd: ‘So mvt I the,</p> +<p>An other sayment woll̴ I <i>s</i>ee, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line50" id = "line50">50</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Ore I take ordor of knyght.’</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The King</span> +<p>Tho he sware be hevyn kyng,</p> +<p>Ther wase told hym a wondyr-thyng<sup>)</sup></p> +<p class = "indent">In hys chambyr to nyght:</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page3" id = "page3">3</a></span> +<span class = "sidenote"> +knows that Torrent loves his daughter,</span> +<p>‘For<sup>)</sup> the love of my doughter dere +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line55" id = "line55">55</a></span></p> +<p>Thow makyst good far and nere</p> +<p class = "indent">In<sup>)</sup> Dedde of armys bryght;</p> +<p>And wyt thow wyll̴, so god me saue,</p> +<p>Thow schalt her<sup>)</sup> wyne, yf thow her haue,</p> +<p class = "indent">Be thow neuyr so wy<i>g</i>ht!’ +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line60" id = "line60">60</a></span></p> +</div> +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>50. <i>And</i> MS.<br /> +<i>see</i>] <i>bee</i> MS.</p> + +<p>60. <i>wyght</i>] <i>wyttht</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +THE KING ASKS TORRENT TO FIGHT A GREEK GIANT.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza6" id = "stanza6"> +(6)</a></h5> + +<p>Torrent sayd: ‘Be Marry dere,</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 77<i>a</i>.</span> +<p>And I were off armyse clere,</p> +<p class = "indent">Yowr Dowghttyr me leve were.’</p> +<p>The kyng seyd: ‘Yf yt be soo,</p> +<p>Ore VII yere be a-go, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line65" id = "line65">65</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">More schall̴ we here:</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and asks him if, for her sake, he’ll fight</span> +<p>Durst thow, for my dowghttyr sake,</p> +<p>A poynt of armys for to take</p> +<p class = "indent">W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-owt helpe of fere?’</p> +<p>Than seyd Torrant: ‘So god me sped, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line70" id = "line70">70</a></span></p> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> anny man<sup>)</sup> that syttythe on stede</p> +<p class = "indent">Other far ore nere!’</p> +</div> +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>61. <i>Marry</i>] <i>e</i> corrected into <i>y</i>.</p> + +<p>65. <i>a-go</i>] <i>a gone</i>, <i>ne</i> struck out, MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza7" id = "stanza7" href = "#notes_stz7"> +(7)</a></h5> + +<p>Ther-of the kyng<sup>)</sup> for tene wax wode:</p> +<p>‘Yf thow wylt make thy body good,</p> +<p class = "indent">Be trew and hold thy cont<i>ena</i>nce<span class = +"dots"> . . . . . . .</span> +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line75" id = "line75">75</a></span></p> +<p>Tho seyd Torrant: ‘So god me sped ere!</p> +<p>And I wyst, in<sup>)</sup> what sted they were,</p> +<p class = "indent">Fore no man<sup>)</sup> wold I cha<i>u</i>nce.’</p> +</div> +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>75. <i>contnnce</i> MS.</p> + +<p>78. <i>chaunce</i>] corrected out of <i>change</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza8" id = "stanza8" href = "#notes_stz8"> +(8)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +a Giant in the Greek sea.</span> +<p>‘In to the Grek<i>es</i> see a mylle</p> +<p>Ther ly<i>v</i>ythe a gyant <i>in an</i> yle, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line80" id = "line80">80</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Full̴ Euyll̴ thow dourst hyme stond.</p> +<p>My fayer<sup>)</sup> forest<i>es</i> fellythe downe he</p> +<p>And Ryche castell<i>es</i> in<sup>)</sup> that contre,</p> +<p class = "indent">No ston lettythe he stond.’</p> +</div> +<p class = "linenote"> +80. <i>lyvythe</i>] <i>lyghttythe</i> MS.<br /> +<i>in an yle</i>] <i>mauyle</i> MS.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page4" id = "page4">4</a></span> +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT IS TO FIGHT THE GIANT BEGONMESE.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza9" id = "stanza9">(9)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent</span> +<p><b>T</b>errent sayd: ‘Be Marre bryght, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line85" id = "line85">85</a></span></p> +<p>Yt ys gret sorrow that he hathe syght,</p> +<p class = "indent">The devyll̴ of hell̴ hym blynd!’</p> +<p>The <i>kyng</i> sayd: ‘P<i>ar</i> la-more de dewe,</p> +<p>Thow darryst full̴ evyll̴ w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> thy Ey hym sewe,</p> +<p class = "indent">He wold fell̴ the w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> hys wynde.’ +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line90" id = "line90">90</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +agrees to fight</span> +<p>‘Now, be my trowthe,’ seyd Torrent than<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p>‘Ase I ame a jentylman<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p class = "indent">Yf I may hym fynd,</p> +<p>Won fot woll̴ I not fro hym pase,</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 77<i>b</i>.</span> +<p>Thow he be stronger<sup>)</sup> than Samson<sup>)</sup> wase, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line95" id = "line95">95</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Or anny man<sup>)</sup> of <i>hys</i> kynd!’</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>86. <i>he</i>] written above the line, MS.</p> + +<p>88. <i>kyng</i>] <i>knyght</i> MS.</p> + +<p>96. <i>hys</i>] om. MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza10" id = "stanza10">(10)</a></h5> + +<p>Hys squyerys, they mornyd s<i>a</i>re,</p> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-owt fere that he schold fare</p> +<p class = "indent">To that gret iorney,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +the Giant Begonmese,</span> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> the gyant heygh for to fyght. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line100" id = "line100">100</a></span></p> +<p>Be-gon<sup>)</sup>-mese that gyant hyght,</p> +<p class = "indent">That fyndd<i>es</i> f<i>e</i>re for aye.</p> +<p>To arme hyme Torrant g<i>a</i>s,</p> +<p>Hys good stede w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> hym he ta<i>s</i>,</p> +<p class = "indent">W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> owt squyer<sup>)</sup> that Day. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line105" id = "line105">105</a></span></p> +<p>He takythe leve at lorddys hend,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and sets out.</span> +<p>And on hys wey gan he wynd,</p> +<p class = "indent">For hym all̴ they p<i>ra</i>y.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>97. <i>sore</i> MS.</p> + +<p>102. <i>fare</i> MS.</p> + +<p>103. <i>gas</i>] <i>goos</i> MS.</p> + +<p>104. <i>tas</i>] <i>takythe</i> MS.</p> + +<p>108. <i>pray</i>] <i>prayd</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza11" id = "stanza11">(11)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +Desonell knows not that it is for love of her.</span> +<p>Lytyll̴ wyst Desonell̴ that jente,</p> +<p>For whos love that he went +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line110" id = "line110">110</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">To fyght w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> that knave.</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page5" id = "page5">5</a></span> +<span class = "sidenote"> +God give Torrent victory!</span> +<p>Now god, that Dyed appon a Rode,</p> +<p>Strengithe hym bothe bone and blod,</p> +<p class = "indent">The fyld for to haue!</p> +<p>He that schall̴ wend soche a wey, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line115" id = "line115">115</a></span></p> +<p>Yt were nede for hym to p<i>ra</i>y,</p> +<p class = "indent">That I<i>es</i>u hym schuld saue.</p> +<p>Yt ys in<sup>)</sup> the boke of Rome,</p> +<p>Ther was no knyght of kyrstendome,</p> +<p class = "indent">That jorney Durst crave. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line120" id = "line120">120</a></span></p> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT SEES THE GIANT SLEEPING.</span></p> + + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza12" id = "stanza12">(12)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +After 6 days’ ride</span> +<p>VI days Rydythe he</p> +<p>By the cost of the feyer<sup>)</sup> see,</p> +<p class = "indent">To seke the gyant kene.</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 78<i>a</i>.</span> +<p>By the cost as he Rode,</p> +<p>In a forest longe and brode +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line125" id = "line125">125</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">And symly wase to se<i>n</i>e,</p> +<p>Hey sperrys ther he fonde</p> +<p>And gret olyvys growonde</p> +<p class = "indent">Coverd in<sup>)</sup> levys <i>grene</i>.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +he sees the Giant asleep.</span> +<p>Sone wase he ware, ase y yow say, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line130" id = "line130">130</a></span></p> +<p>Vppon a movnteyn<sup>)</sup> ther he laye</p> +<p class = "indent">On slepe, ase I wene.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>123. <i>seke</i>] <i>ches</i>, struck out, <i>seke</i> written over +with paler ink.</p> + +<p>126. <i>see</i> MS.</p> + +<p>129. <i>grene</i>] <i>smale</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza13" id = "stanza13" href = "#notes_stz13"> +(13)</a></h5> + +<p>Torrent, on kne knelyd he</p> +<p>And be-sowght J<i>es</i>u so fre,</p> +<p class = "indent">That bowght hym w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> hys blod: +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line135" id = "line135">135</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +He prays for Christ’s help.</span> +<p>‘Lord, ase thow dyd <i>r</i>yght for Mar<i>y</i>,</p> +<p>Let me nev<i>er</i> take velony</p> +<p class = "indent">And gef me of thy fode!</p> +<p>Sertt<i>es</i>, yf I hym slepyng<sup>)</sup> slone,</p> +<p>Manfull̴ Ded were yt none +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line140" id = "line140">140</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">For my body, be the Rode.’</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page6" id = "page6">6</a></span> +<p>Tho Terrant blewe hys bugell̴ bold,</p> +<p>To loke that he a-wake wold,</p> +<p class = "indent">And sythe ner<sup>)</sup> hyme Rode.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +136. <i>ryght</i>] <i>lyght</i> written above the line with paler +ink.<br /> +<i>mare</i> MS.</p> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT WAKES THE GIANT BEGONMESE.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza14" id = "stanza14" href = "#notes_stz14"> +(14)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +As Torrent can’t wake the Giant with his bugle,</span> +<p>So fast a-slepe he wase browght, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line145" id = "line145">145</a></span></p> +<p>Hys hornys blast a-woke hyme nowght,</p> +<p class = "indent">He swellyd ase dothe the see.</p> +<p>Torrent saw, he woll̴ not wake,</p> +<p>He Reynyd hys sted vnto a stake,</p> +<p class = "indent">Ase a jentyll̴ man<sup>)</sup> <i>so fre</i>. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line150" id = "line150">150</a></span></p> +<p>So hy, he say, wase the movnteyne,</p> +<p>Ther mygh<i>t</i> no horse wynd hym<sup>)</sup> +a-geyn<sup>)</sup></p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 78<i>b</i>.</span> +<p class = "indent">But yf he nowyd wold be;</p> +<p>Thowe the wey neuyr<sup>)</sup> so wykkyd w<i>a</i>re,</p> +<p>On hys wey gan he fare, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line155" id = "line155">155</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">In<sup>)</sup> gret p<i>er</i>ayll̴ went hee.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>150. <i>so fre</i>] <i>in fere</i> MS.</p> + +<p>151. <i>say</i>] <i>sayd</i> MS.</p> + +<p>152. <i>mygh</i> (!) MS.</p> + +<p>154. <i>were</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza15" id = "stanza15">(15)</a></h5> + +<p>Torent went to that movnte<i>y</i>n<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +he stirs him up with his spear,</span> +<p>He put hys spere hyme a-geyne,</p> +<p class = "indent">‘A-Ryse, fellow!’ gan he saye;</p> +<p>‘Who made the so bold here to dwell̴, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line160" id = "line160">160</a></span></p> +<p>My lord<i>es</i> frethe thus to fell̴?</p> +<p class = "indent">A-mend<i>es</i> the be-hovythe to pay.’</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and makes him wild.</span> +<p>The gyant Rysythe, ase he had byn<sup>)</sup> wod,</p> +<p>And Redyly by hyme stode,</p> +<p class = "indent">Be-syd hyme on a lay, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line165" id = "line165">165</a></span></p> +<p>And seyd: ‘S<i>er</i>tes, yf I leve,</p> +<p>Soche a wed I woll̴ the geff,</p> +<p class = "indent">To meve the Euyr<sup>)</sup> and ay.’</p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +157. <i>movnten</i> MS.</p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza16" id = "stanza16" href = "#notes_stz16"> +(16)</a></h5> + +<p>Thow the chyld were neuyr<sup>)</sup> so y<i>i</i>nge,</p> +<p>The fynd<i>es</i> spere sparrythe hyme no-thyng<sup>)</sup> +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line170" id = "line170">170</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">I<i>n</i> the holtt<i>es</i> h<i>a</i>ree;</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page7" id = "page7">7</a></span> +<p>Who had fare and nere byne,</p> +<p>And neu<i>er</i> had of fytyng syn<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p class = "indent">He myght a lernyd th<i>a</i>re.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The fight begins.</span> +<p>The gyant, the fyrst stroke to hym he cast, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line175" id = "line175">175</a></span></p> +<p>His good schyld all̴ to-brast,</p> +<p class = "indent">In schevyr<i>es</i> spred wase <i>ya</i>re;</p> +<p>Tho covd he no bett<i>ur</i> R<i>e</i>d,</p> +<p>But stond styll̴, tyll̴ one were ded;</p> +<p class = "indent">The gyant lefte hym th<i>a</i>r. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line180" id = "line180">180</a></span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>169. <i>yonge</i> MS.</p> + +<p>171. <i>In</i>] <i>Ihū</i> (!) MS.<br /> +<i>horee</i> MS.</p> + +<p>173. <i>seyn</i> MS.</p> + +<p>174. <i>there</i> MS.</p> + +<p>175. <i>to hym</i>] written above the line.</p> + +<p>177. <i>there</i> MS.</p> + +<p>178. <i>he no</i>] <i>not he</i> MS.<br /> +<i>Ryd</i> MS.</p> + +<p>180. <i>ther</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +THE GIANT BURSTS HIMSELF ON A ROCK.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza17" id = "stanza17" href = "#notes_stz17"> +(17)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent grips the Giant;</span> +<p>Torrent vndyr hys spryt he <ins class = "correction" title = +"italicized as shown">spre<i>n</i>t</ins></p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 79<i>a</i>.</span> +<p>And a-bowght the body he hyme hente,</p> +<p class = "indent">As far as he myght last.</p> +<p>‘A! fellow, wylt thow so?’</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +they both fall, and roll down the mountain.</span> +<p>And to the grownd gan they goo, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line185" id = "line185">185</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Of the movnteyn<sup>)</sup> bothe downe they +pas<i>t</i>.</p> +<p>Ase the boke of Rome tellys,</p> +<p>They tornyd XXXII <i>ellys</i>,</p> +<p class = "indent">In armys walloyng fast.</p> +<p>Yt tellythe in<sup>)</sup> the boke of Rome, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line190" id = "line190">190</a></span></p> +<p>Euyr<sup>)</sup> ase the gyant a-boue come,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The Giant bursts</span> +<p class = "indent">Hys gutt<i>es</i> owt of hys body <i>brast</i>.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>181. <i>sprent</i>] <i>spred</i> MS.</p> + +<p>186. <i>they past</i>] <i>gan they pase</i> MS.</p> + +<p>188. <i>ellys</i>] <i>tymys</i> MS.</p> + +<p>192. <i>brast</i>] <i>Rane</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza18" id = "stanza18">(18)</a></h5> + +<p>At the fot of the movnteyn<sup>)</sup></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +open against a big stone.</span> +<p>Ther lay a gret Ragyd ston<sup>)</sup>, +s<i>er</i>teyn<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p class = "indent">Yt nyhed ys schuldyr bon<sup>)</sup> +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line195" id = "line195">195</a></span></p> +<p>And also hys Ryght syd,</p> +<p>Ther to that gyant fell̴ that tyd,</p> +<p class = "indent">Ase <i>I</i> herd in<sup>)</sup> Rome<span class = +"dots"> . . .</span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>197 put before 196. MS.</p> + +<p>198. <i>I</i>] <i>he</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page8" id = "page8">8</a></span> +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT THANKS GOD FOR HIS VICTORY.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza19" id = "stanza19">(19)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent stabs the Giant,</span> +<p>Thorrow hyme, that mad man<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p>Torrent sone a-bovyn<sup>)</sup> wane +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line200" id = "line200">200</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">And fast he gan <i>him quelle</i></p> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> a knyffe feyer<sup>)</sup> and bryght;</p> +<p>Torrent, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> all̴ hys myght</p> +<p class = "indent">Ther-w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> he gard hyme dwell̴.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>199. after <i>Thorrow</i>, <i>of</i> has been scraped out.</p> + +<p>201. <i>him quelle</i>] <i>warke</i> MS.</p> + +<p>203. <i>hys</i>] <i>h</i> corrected out of <i>m</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza20" id = "stanza20">(20)</a></h5> + +<p>Torent knelyd on hys kne, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line205" id = "line205">205</a></span></p> +<p>To I<i>es</i>u Cryst p<i>ra</i>yd he,</p> +<p class = "indent">That hathe thys world to wyld:</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and then thanks Christ.</span> +<p>‘Lord, lovyd, evyr lovyd thowe be,</p> +<p>The feyer<sup>)</sup> fyld thow hast lent Me,’</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 79<i>b</i>.</span> +<p class = "indent">—Vpp bothe hys hand<i>es he</i> held— +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line210" id = "line210">210</a></span></p> +<p>‘All̴ onely w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-owt any knaue</p> +<p>Of the fynd the maystry to haue,</p> +<p class = "indent">Of hym to wyn the fyld.’</p> +<p>Now ys ther none other to say,</p> +<p>Of hyme he wane the fyld þ<i>a</i>t day; +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line215" id = "line215">215</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">I p<i>ra</i>y God hyme schyld.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>210. <i>he</i>] om. MS.</p> + +<p>213. <i>wyn</i>] <i>wynd</i>, <i>d</i> erased MS.</p> + +<p>214. <i>to</i> written above the line, MS.</p> + +<p>215.</p> +<div class = "verse"> +<p><i>Now ys ther non other say</i></p> +<p><i>Of hyme to wyne the fyld þat day</i> add. (!) +MS.</p> +</div> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza21" id = "stanza21">(21)</a></h5> + +<p>Torrent went vppe a-geyne</p> +<p>To the movnt, ase I gan sayne,</p> +<p class = "indent">The lond<i>es</i> to se far and nere;</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +He sees the sea,</span> +<p>In the see a myle, hyme thoȝt, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line220" id = "line220">220</a></span></p> +<p>An hold wase Rychyly wrowt,</p> +<p class = "indent">In that lond wase not here perre.</p> +<p>The see wase Ebbyd, I yow sey,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and goes to it.</span> +<p>Torrent thether toke the way,</p> +<p class = "indent">Werry all̴ thow he were; +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line225" id = "line225">225</a></span></p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page9" id = "page9">9</a></span> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent finds the Giant’s castle,</span> +<p>And ther he fownd Ryche w<i>on</i>ys,</p> +<p>Towrr<i>es</i> Endentyd w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> presyos stonys,</p> +<p class = "indent">Schynyng ase crystall̴ clere.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +219. <i>to se</i> written above the line.</p> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT GOES TO THE GIANT’S CASTLE.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza22" id = "stanza22" href = "#notes_stz22"> +(22)</a></h5> + +<p>T<i>wo</i> gattys off yron<sup>)</sup> ther he fond,</p> +<p>Ther in<sup>)</sup> Torrent gan wonde, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line230" id = "line230">230</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">A nyght<i>es</i> Rest there in<sup>)</sup> <i>to</i> +ta;</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +guarded by a lion and lioness.</span> +<p>And at the hale dore ther wase</p> +<p>A lyon<sup>)</sup> & a lyonasse,</p> +<p class = "indent">Ther men be-twene them twa</p> +<p>Fast Etyng<sup>)</sup>, ase ye may here; +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line235" id = "line235">235</a></span></p> +<p>Crystyñ <i>man</i> thow <i>he</i> were,</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 80<i>a</i>.</span> +<p class = "indent">Hys browys <i>wexe</i> bl<i>a</i>,</p> +<p>And wit yow will̴, lord god yt wote,</p> +<p>He durst goo no fote,</p> +<p class = "indent">Lest they wold hyme sl<i>a</i>. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line240" id = "line240">240</a></span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza23" id = "stanza23" href = "#notes_stz23"> +(23)</a></h5> + +<p><b>T</b>orrant stod and be-held,</p> +<p>And p<i>ra</i>yd to god, that ale may wyld,</p> +<p class = "indent">To send hyme harborrow good.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +He hears a lady sighing within.</span> +<p>Sone hard he w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>in a whalle</p> +<p>The syghyng of a lady smalle, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line245" id = "line245">245</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Sche weppte, as sche were wod;</p> +<p>Sche mornyd sore and sayd: ‘Alas,</p> +<p>That Euyr<sup>)</sup> kyng<i>es</i> dowghttyr wase</p> +<p class = "indent">Ou<i>er</i>-come of so jentyll̴ blod,</p> +<p>For now ame I holdyn<sup>)</sup> here +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line250" id = "line250">250</a></span></p> +<p>In lond w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> a fynd<i>es</i> fere!’</p> +<p class = "indent">Torrent hard, wher he stod.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>226. <i>wonys</i>] <i>wayes</i> MS.</p> + +<p>229. <i>Two</i>] <i>The</i> MS.</p> + +<p>231. <i>to ta</i>] <i>he take</i> MS.</p> + +<p>234. <i>twa</i>] <i>twayne</i> MS.</p> + +<p>236. <i>man</i>] <i>thow</i> (!) MS.<br /> +<i>he</i>] <i>they</i> MS.</p> + +<p>237. <i>wexe bla</i>] <i>be gan to blowe</i> MS.</p> + +<p>240. <i>sle</i> MS.</p> + +<p>244. <i>whalle</i>] with paler ink corrected from <i>whyle</i>.</p> + +<p>245. <i>syghyng</i>] with paler ink corrected from +<i>syngyng</i>.</p> +</div> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page10" id = "page10">10</a></span> +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT WANTS TO ENTER THE GIANT’S CASTLE.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza24" id = "stanza24">(24)</a></h5> + +<p><ins class = "correction" title = "open quote invisible">‘Dere</ins> +god,’ seyd Torrant than<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p>‘Yff ther be anny crystyn<sup>)</sup> man<sup>)</sup></p> +<p class = "indent">In thys hold of ston<sup>)</sup>, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line255" id = "line255">255</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent asks for a night’s lodging in the Castle.</span> +<p>That woll̴, for the love of god of myght,</p> +<p>Harbourrow a jentylman<sup>)</sup> thys nyght,</p> +<p class = "indent">For I ame but on<sup>)</sup>!’</p> +<p>‘Seynt Marry,’ seyd that lady clere,</p> +<p>‘What crystyn<sup>)</sup> man<sup>)</sup> axithe harburrow here?’ +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line260" id = "line260">260</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Nere hym sche gothe a-non.</p> +<p>‘I wold harburrow the full̴ fayne,</p> +<p>But a gyant wyll̴ the slayne.’</p> +<p class = "indent">To hym sche mad here mone.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>259. <i>clere</i>] <i>e</i> corrected out of <i>r</i> MS.</p> + +<p>261. <i>sche gothe anon</i>] <i>a non sche gothe</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza25" id = "stanza25" href = "#notes_stz25"> +(25)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 80<i>b</i>.</span> +<p>‘Say me now, fayer<sup>)</sup> lady, <i>belyve</i>, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line265" id = "line265">265</a></span></p> +<p>Who owte <i>of</i> thys plase schall̴ <i>me dryve</i>,</p> +<p class = "indent">Thes tourr<i>es</i>, that are so bryght?’</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The Lady says</span> +<p>Ther sche Seyd: ‘Be hevyn<sup>)</sup> kyng<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p>Here ys a gyant Dwellyng,</p> +<p class = "indent">That meche ys of myght. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line270" id = "line270">270</a></span></p> +<p>Be my trowthe, and he the see,</p> +<p>Were ther<sup>)</sup> XX lyvys in<sup>)</sup> the,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +the Giant will kill him.</span> +<p class = "indent">Thy dethe than wyll̴ he dyght.</p> +<p>I<i>es</i>u cryst yef me g<i>ra</i>ce</p> +<p>To hyd the in<sup>)</sup> some preve plase +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line275" id = "line275">275</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Owt of the fynd<i>es</i> syght!<span class = "dots"> +. . . . .</span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>265. <i>bel.</i>] om. MS.</p> + +<p>266. <i>of</i>] om. MS.<br /> +<i>me dryve</i>] <i>hyght</i> MS.</p> + +<p>267. <i>so</i>] <i>feyer and</i> add. MS.</p> + +<p>271. <i>the</i>] <i>thow</i>, <i>w</i> erased and <ins class = +"correction" title = "text unchanged"><i>e</i> changed into +<i>o</i></ins>, MS.</p> + +<p>273. <i>They</i> (!) MS.</p> + +<p>275. <i>hyd</i>] corrected from <i>hyde</i>.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza26" id = "stanza26" href = "#notes_stz26"> +(26)</a></h5> + +<p>‘Euyr<sup>)</sup> me thynkythe be thy tale,</p> +<p>The song of the burd<i>es</i> smale</p> +<p class = "indent">On slepe hathe hyme browght.’</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page11" id = "page11">11</a></span> +<p>‘Ye,’ seyd Torrent, ‘ore he be wakyn<sup>)</sup>, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line280" id = "line280">280</a></span></p> +<p>I schall̴ the tell̴ soche a tokyn<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p class = "indent">Of hym thow haue no thowght!</p> +<p>But woldd<i>es</i> thow for thy gentry</p> +<p>Do the lyonnys downe lye,</p> +<p class = "indent">That they nyee me nowght?’ +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line285" id = "line285">285</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The Lady takes Torrent past the Lions, into the Castle.</span> +<p>By the hande sche gan<i>n</i>e hym ta</p> +<p>And led hyme in<sup>)</sup> be<i>tw</i>e them twa;</p> +<p class = "indent">Ryght ase sche wold, they wrowght.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>277. <i>thy</i>] <i>my</i> erased and <i>thy</i> written above the +line.</p> + +<p>283. <i>thy</i>] <i>th</i> corrected from <i>m</i>.<br /> +<i>gentry</i>] <i>gentre</i>, <i>e</i> corrected from <i>y</i>.</p> + +<p>285. <i>nyee</i>] first <i>e</i> above the line.</p> + +<p>286. <i>hande</i>] <i>d</i> corrected from <i>e</i>.<br /> +<i>tane</i> MS.</p> + +<p>287. <i>bewte</i> MS.<br /> +<i>twayne</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT IS TAKEN INTO THE GIANT’S CASTLE.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza27" id = "stanza27" href = "#notes_stz27"> +(27)</a></h5> + +<p>The lady wase neuyr<sup>)</sup> so a-drad,</p> +<p>In to the hale sche hym lad, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line290" id = "line290">290</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">That lemyred ase gold bryght;</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 81<i>a</i>.</span> +<p>Sche byrlyd whyt wyne and Rede:</p> +<p>‘Make vse myrre a-geyne ow<i>re</i> Dedd,</p> +<p class = "indent">I wot will̴, yt ys so dyght!’</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +He tells her he has kild the Giant.</span> +<p>‘Be my trowthe!’ seyd Torrent, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line295" id = "line295">295</a></span></p> +<p>‘I wole be thy warrant,</p> +<p class = "indent">He comythe not here thys nyght.</p> +<p>On soche a slepe he ys browght,</p> +<p>All̴ men of lyve wakythe hym nowght,</p> +<p class = "indent">But onely god<i>es myght</i>.’ +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line300" id = "line300">300</a></span></p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +300. <i>godes myght</i>] <i>gode a lone</i> MS.</p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza28" id = "stanza28" href = "#notes_stz28"> +(28)</a></h5> + +<p>Blythe then wase that lady jent,</p> +<p>For to on-harnes Torrent,</p> +<p class = "indent">That dowghtty wase and bold;</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +She tells him of Prince Verdownys,</span> +<p>‘For sothe,’ sche seyd, ‘I wot wher ys</p> +<p>The kyng<i>es</i> sone <i>Verdownys</i>, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line305" id = "line305">305</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Fast put in hold</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page12" id = "page12">12</a></span> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and 4 Earls’ sons in the Giant’s prison.</span> +<p>In a dongon<sup>)</sup>, that ys dym;</p> +<p>Fowyre good Eryll<i>es</i> sonnys be w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> hyme</p> +<p class = "indent">Ys fet in<sup>)</sup> fere and fold.</p> +<p>The gyant wan theme in<sup>)</sup> a tyde, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line310" id = "line310">310</a></span></p> +<p>Ase they Rane be the watyr syd,</p> +<p class = "indent">And put them in<sup>)</sup> preson<sup>)</sup> +cold.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +305. <i>Verdownys</i>] <i>of pvense</i> MS.</p> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT FREES A PRINCE AND 4 EARLS’ SONS.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza29" id = "stanza29">(29)</a></h5> + +<p>‘In an yron<sup>)</sup> cage he hathe them done.’</p> +<p>Torrent went thether<sup>)</sup> sone:</p> +<p class = "indent">‘Are ye yet levand?’ +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line315" id = "line315">315</a></span></p> +<p>The kyng<i>es</i> sone askyd than<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p>Yf ther were anny crysten man<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p class = "indent">‘Wold bryng vse ow<i>t</i> of bond?’</p> +<p>‘Lord,’ he seyd, ‘god all̴myght,</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 81<i>b</i>.</span> +<p>I had levyr on a Day to fyght, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line320" id = "line320">320</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Than all̴ my fathyrys lond.’</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent breaks open the prison,</span> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> an iryn<sup>)</sup> mall̴ styff and +strong<sup>)</sup></p> +<p>He brake vpe an yron<sup>)</sup> dore or longe,</p> +<p class = "indent">And sone the keyes he fond.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>318. <i>owt</i>] <i>ow</i> (!) MS.</p> + +<p>323. <i>or longe</i>] added in paler ink.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza30" id = "stanza30" href = "#notes_stz30"> +(30)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +and frees the 5 youths.</span> +<p>Owt he toke thys chyldyryn<sup>)</sup> fyve, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line325" id = "line325">325</a></span></p> +<p>The feyrest that were on lyve,</p> +<p class = "indent">I-hold in<sup>)</sup> anny sted.</p> +<p>The lady wase full̴ gl<i>e</i>d,</p> +<p>Sche byrlyd whyt wyn<sup>)</sup> and Redd,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +They sup.</span> +<p class = "indent">And sethyn<sup>)</sup> to soper sone they yed. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line330" id = "line330">330</a></span></p> +<p>‘Lord<i>es</i>,’ he seyd, ‘syn yow are her<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p>I Red yow make Ryght good cher<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p class = "indent">For now ys all̴ thy nede.’</p> +<p>Thus he covyrd owt of care.</p> +<p>God, that sofryd wondd<i>es</i> s<i>a</i>re, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line335" id = "line335">335</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Grante vse well̴ to sped!</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>325. <i>chyld.</i>] a <i>v</i> struck out, follows.</p> + +<p>328. <i>glad</i> MS.</p> + +<p>335. <i>sore</i> MS.</p> + +<p>336. <i>well<b>e</b> to sped</i>] <i>to sped welle</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page13" id = "page13">13</a></span> +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +THEY ALL CHOOSE THEIR HORSES TO RIDE AWAY.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza31" id = "stanza31" href = "#notes_stz31"> +(31)</a></h5> + +<p>Lordd<i>es</i>, and ye wol lythe,</p> +<p>The chyldyr namys I woll̴ tell̴ blythe,</p> +<p class = "indent">Here kyn, how they were me told;</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent freed Prince Verdownys, Lords</span> +<p>The kyng<i>es</i> sone, that dowghtty <i>ys</i>, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line340" id = "line340">340</a></span></p> +<p>Wase clepyd Verdownys,</p> +<p class = "indent">That dowghtty wase and bold,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torren, Jakys, and Amyas,</span> +<p>And an Eryll<i>es</i> son, that hyght Torren<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p>A nother Iakys of Berweyne,</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 82<i>a</i>.</span> +<p class = "indent">The forthe was Amyas bold. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line345" id = "line345">345</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and Princess Eleanor.</span> +<p>The kyng<i>es</i> dowghttyr of Gales lond,</p> +<p>Elyoner<sup>)</sup>, I vndyrstond,</p> +<p class = "indent">That worthy wase in hold,</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>337. after <i>wol</i>, <i>be</i> struck out MS.</p> + +<p>340. <i>ys</i>] <i>wase</i> MS.</p> + +<p>346-348 put before 343-345, MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza32" id = "stanza32">(32)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +She takes Torrent to his chamber,</span> +<p>In to hys chambyr sche hyme led,</p> +<p>Ther gold and syluyr wase spred, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line350" id = "line350">350</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">And asur<sup>)</sup>, that wase bl<i>o</i>;</p> +<p>In yron ther he gan stond,</p> +<p>Body and armys <i>al sch</i>y<i>n</i>and,</p> +<p class = "indent">In<sup>)</sup> powynt to trusse and goo.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and then all of them to the stable, where each chooses a horse.</span> +<p>In to a stabyll̴ sche hym led, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line355" id = "line355">355</a></span></p> +<p>Eche toke a full̴ feyer<sup>)</sup> sted,</p> +<p class = "indent">They were <i>redy</i> to goo;</p> +<p>And wote ye well̴ and vndyrstond,</p> +<p>Had the gyant be levand,</p> +<p class = "indent">They had not p<i>ar</i>tyd soo. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line360" id = "line360">360</a></span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>351. <i>blo</i>] <i>blewe</i> MS.</p> + +<p>353. <i>al sch.</i>] <i>lygand</i> (!) MS.</p> + +<p>354. <i>trusse</i>] corrected from <i>truste</i>.</p> + +<p>357. <i>redy</i>] om. MS.</p> + +<p>358. <i>wote</i>] with paler ink corrected from <i>what</i>.</p> + +<p>359. <i>Had</i>] corrected out of <i>han</i>.<br /> +<i>byn</i> follows, almost entirely erased.<br /> +<i>gyant</i>] <i>t</i> corrected from <i>d</i>.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza33" id = "stanza33">(33)</a></h5> + +<p>They woll̴ not to bed gan<i>ge</i>,</p> +<p>Tyll̴ on the morrow the Day spronge,</p> +<p class = "indent">Thus a wey to ffare.</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page14" id = "page14">14</a></span> +<p>Torrant sperryd the gattys, i-wyse,</p> +<p>All̴ that he lyst he clepyd hys, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line365" id = "line365">365</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">The keys and thyng he bare.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent feeds the lions on the Giant’s body,</span> +<p>The lyon<i>s that was</i> at the dore</p> +<p>Wase led to her<sup>)</sup> mayst<i>er</i> that wase +befor<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p class = "indent"><i>O</i>n hym thay fed them <i>ya</i>r<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>Vpp won of the horse, that wase ther<sup>)</sup> levyd, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line370" id = "line370">370</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and puts his head on a horse.</span> +<p><i>O</i>n hym thei trussyd the gyantt<i>es</i> he<i>ve</i>d.</p> +<p class = "indent">Thus helpt hym god th<i>a</i>r<sup>)</sup>.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>361. <i>gange</i>] <i>gan</i> MS.<br /> +<i>ll</i>e <i>on the</i> struck out, follows.</p> + +<p>366. <i>keys</i>] <i>e</i> written with paler ink above the line.</p> + +<p>367. <i>lyons that was</i>] <i>lyone</i> MS.</p> + +<p>369. <i>Vn</i> (!) MS.<br /> +<i>hym</i>] <i>y</i> corrected out of <i>e</i> MS.<br /> +<i>thay</i>] corrected from <i>that</i>.<br /> +<i>yare</i>] <i>ther</i> MS.</p> + +<p>371. <i>Vn</i> (!) MS.<br /> +<i>thei</i>] <i>i</i> written above the line.<br /> +<i>hed</i> MS.</p> + +<p>372. <i>ther</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT RETURNS TO PORTUGAL.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza34" id = "stanza34" href = "#notes_stz34"> +(34)</a></h5> + +<p>But ore III wek<i>es</i> wer<sup>)</sup> com<i>m</i>yn<sup>)</sup> to +End,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +He goes back to Portugal.</span> +<p>To Portynggall̴ gan he wend,</p> +<p class = "indent">Ther<sup>)</sup> ase the kyng gan <i>lend</i>; +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line375" id = "line375">375</a></span></p> +<p>The porter<sup>)</sup> sawe <i>hym</i> ther he stood,</p> +<p>He fled a wey, ase he were wod,</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 82<i>b</i>.</span> +<p class = "indent">Flyngyng ase a fynd.</p> +<p>‘Syr kyng,’ he seyd, ‘be godd<i>es</i> dede,</p> +<p>Torrant bryngythe a devyll̴ ys hed, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line380" id = "line380">380</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Ther w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> he woll̴ yow present.’</p> +<p>Desonell̴ seyd: ‘Porter<sup>)</sup>, be styll̴!’<span class = "dots"> +. . .</span></p> +<p class = "indent">In hys walke ther ase he went.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>373. <i>wer<b>e</b></i>] <i>ther</i>, struck out, and <i>were</i> +written over.</p> + +<p>375. <i>lend</i>] <i>lye</i> MS.</p> + +<p>376. <i>sawe h. th.</i>] <i>ther sawe he</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza35" id = "stanza35" href = "#notes_stz35"> +(35)</a></h5> + +<p>The kyng to the gatys gan pase,</p> +<p>Gret lord<i>es</i> that ther wase, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line385" id = "line385">385</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Bothe knyght<i>es</i> and squyerr<i>e</i>,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The King and his Lords are afraid of the lions.</span> +<p>Lord<i>es</i> wase full̴ sore a-dred</p> +<p>Fore the lyonys, þ<i>a</i>t he had,</p> +<p class = "indent">They durst not come hyme ner<sup>)</sup>.</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page15" id = "page15">15</a></span> +<p>The kyng seyd: ‘I wyll̴ <i>the</i> kysse, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line390" id = "line390">390</a></span></p> +<p>Durst I for<sup>)</sup> thy best<i>es</i>, Iwysse.’</p> +<p class = "indent">Torrent dyd them ly ther<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent kisses the King of Portugal.</span> +<p>And kyssyd the kyng w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> joy and blyse;</p> +<p>And aftyr, other lord<i>es</i> of hys,</p> +<p class = "indent">And aftyr, ladys <i>clere</i>. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line395" id = "line395">395</a></span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>386. <i>squyerres</i> MS.</p> + +<p>390. <i>the</i>] <i>hym</i> MS.</p> + +<p>395. <i>aftyr</i>] <i>other</i> add. (!) MS.<br /> +<i>clere</i>] <i>jent</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +VERDOWNYS’S FATHER IS TOLD OF HIS SAFETY.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza36" id = "stanza36">(36)</a></h5> + +<p>Messengyr<i>es</i> <i>went</i> the weye,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The King of Provyns is glad</span> +<p>To the kyng of P<i>ro</i>vyns to sey,</p> +<p class = "indent">Hys sone ys owt of hold:</p> +<p>‘Yyng Torrent of Portynggall̴</p> +<p>Hathe browght hym owt of balle +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line400" id = "line400">400</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">And slayne the jeyant bold.’</p> +<p>Lytyll̴ and mykyll̴ þ<i>a</i>t ther wer<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 83<i>a</i>.</span> +<p>All̴ they mad good cher</p> +<p class = "indent">Her<sup>)</sup> prynse fayne se wold.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +of his son Verdownys’s safety</span> +<p>The kyng <i>seyd</i>: ‘So mot I the, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line405" id = "line405">405</a></span></p> +<p>I woll̴ geff the towynnys thre</p> +<p class = "indent">For<sup>)</sup> the tall<i>es</i> thow hast me +told.’</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>396. <i>went</i>] <i>to</i> (!) MS.</p> + +<p>397. after <i>Provyns</i> <i>I</i> MS.</p> + +<p>399. <i>Yoyng</i> MS.</p> + +<p>405. <i>kyng seyd</i>] <i>kynges messengere</i> MS.</p> + +<p>405-7 put before 402-4.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza37" id = "stanza37">(37)</a></h5> + +<p>Tha<i>n seyd</i> they, tha<i>t</i> to Gales yede,</p> +<p>Yeftys to <i>take</i> were h<i>e</i>m no ned,</p> +<p class = "indent">Then <i>Ver</i>downys had they. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line410" id = "line410">410</a></span></p> +<p>Ase they <ins class = "correction" title = +"printed as shown, with line through single ‘l’">seyłyd</ins> on a tyde,</p> +<p>At Perrown<sup>)</sup> on the see syd</p> +<p class = "dots">. . . . . . . . . . .</p> +<p>The kyng of P<i>ro</i>vy<i>n</i>se seyd: ‘So mot I the,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and promises Torrent gifts.</span> +<p>Yftles schall̴ they not be, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line415" id = "line415">415</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">That dare I sothely sey.’</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page16" id = "page16">16</a></span> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The King of Gales offers Torrent his daughter.</span> +<p>The kyng of Gales proferd hym feyer<sup>)</sup>:</p> +<p>‘Wed my dowghttyr and myn Eyer<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p class = "indent">When so euyr<sup>)</sup> thow may!<span class = +"dots"> . . . . .</span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>408. <i>Than—that</i>] <i>That they than</i> MS.<br /> +<i>Gales</i>] with paler ink corrected from <i>Calles</i>.<br /> +<i>yede</i>] corrected from <i>went</i>.</p> + +<p>409. <i>take</i>] om. MS.<br /> +<i>hym</i> MS.</p> + +<p>410. <i>Then Downys</i> MS.</p> + +<p>417. <i>gales</i>] <i>g</i> with paler ink corrected from +<i>c</i>.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT GETS WELAND’S SWORD ADOLAKE.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza38" id = "stanza38" href = "#notes_stz38"> +(38)</a></h5> + +<p>The kyng of Perve<i>n</i>se seyd: ‘So mot I the, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line420" id = "line420">420</a></span></p> +<p>Thys seson<sup>)</sup> yeftles schall̴ thow not be,</p> +<p class = "indent">Haue here my Ryng of gold,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The King of Provyns gives Torrent his Sword</span> +<p>My sword, that so wyll̴ ys wrowyt;</p> +<p>A bett<i>er</i> than<sup>)</sup> yt know I nowght</p> +<p class = "indent">W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> in<sup>)</sup> +crystyn<sup>)</sup> mold; +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line425" id = "line425">425</a></span></p> +<p>Yt ys ase glemyrryng ase the glase,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +made by Weland,</span> +<p>Thorrow Velond wroght yt wase,</p> +<p class = "indent">Bettyr ys non<sup>)</sup> to hold.</p> +<p>I have syne sum tyme in<sup>)</sup> lond,</p> +<p>Whoso had yt of myn<sup>)</sup> hond, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line430" id = "line430">430</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Faw<i>e</i> the<i>y were</i> I-told.’</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>429. <i>Loke thou hold yt with full<b>e</b> hond</i>, add. MS.</p> + +<p>431. <i>I fawght therfore I told</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza39" id = "stanza39">(39)</a></h5> + +<p>Tho wase Torrent blythe and glad,</p> +<p>The good swerd ther he had,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and named Adolake.</span> +<p class = "indent">The name wase Adolake.</p> +<p>A gret mayne<i>re</i>y let he make <i>ryght</i> +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line435" id = "line435">435</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +A fortnight’s Feast is held.</span> +<p>That lest all̴ a fortnyght,</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 83<i>b</i>.</span> +<p class = "indent">Who so will̴ hys met take.</p> +<p>Euyry man toke ys leve, ase <i>I</i> yow say,</p> +<p>Hom-ward to wend ther wey,</p> +<p class = "indent">Eu<i>er</i>y man ys Rest to take. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line440" id = "line440">440</a></span></p> +<p>Tyll̴ yt be-fell̴ vppon a day,</p> +<p>Ase they went be the wey,</p> +<p class = "indent">The kyng to hys dowghttyr spake:</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>435. <i>mayn.</i>] <i>mayne let</i>, with paler ink corrected into +<i>mayney</i>.<br /> +<i>ryght</i>] om. MS.</p> + +<p>438. <i>I</i>] om. MS.</p> + +<p>440. <i>to take ys Rest</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page17" id = "page17">17</a></span> +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +DESONELL GIVES TORRENT A WHITE CHARGER.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza40" id = "stanza40">(40)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +The King of Portugal tells Desonell</span> +<p>‘Ye schall̴ take hed of a jeentyll̴ man<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p>A feyer<sup>)</sup> poynt for<sup>)</sup> yow he wane, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line445" id = "line445">445</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Desonell̴, at the last.’</p> +<p><ins class = "correction" title = "open quote invisible">‘Syr,’</ins> +sche seyd, ‘be hevyn kyng,</p> +<p>Tyll̴ ye me told, I knewe no thyng,</p> +<p class = "indent">For who ys love yt wase.’</p> +<p>‘Desonell̴, so mvt I the, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line450" id = "line450">450</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +that Torrent kild the Giant for love of her.</span> +<p>Yt wase for the lowe of the,</p> +<p class = "indent">That he trovylld so fast.</p> +<p>I warne yow, dowghttyr, be the Rode,</p> +<p>Yt ys for yow bothe good,</p> +<p class = "indent">Ther to I Red yow tr<i>a</i>st.’ +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line455" id = "line455">455</a></span></p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +455. <i>trust</i> MS.</p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza41" id = "stanza41" href = "#notes_stz41"> +(41)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +She gives Torrent a white steed</span> +<p>Forthe sche browght a whyt sted,</p> +<p>As whyt as the flowyr in<sup>)</sup> med,</p> +<p class = "indent">Ys fytte blac ase slo<i>n</i>.</p> +<p>‘Leman<sup>)</sup>, haue here thys fole,</p> +<p>That dethe ys dynt schalt þ<i>o</i>u not <i>thole</i>, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line460" id = "line460">460</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Whyll̴ thow setty<i>s</i>te hyme +appon<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p>And yf thow had p<i>ersew</i>yd be</p> +<p>And hadyst ned fore to fle,</p> +<p class = "indent">Fast for to gone.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +which the King of Nazareth had sent her.</span> +<p>The kyng of Nazareth sent hym me, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line465" id = "line465">465</a></span></p> +<p>Torrent, I wet-saffe hym on the,</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 84<i>a</i>.</span> +<p class = "indent">For bett<i>er</i> love may I none.’</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>458. <i>slo</i> MS.</p> + +<p>460. <i>thole</i>] <i>haue</i> MS.</p> + +<p>461. <i>settythe</i> MS.</p> + +<p>462. <i>p’revyd</i> (!) MS.</p> + +<p>465. So Fragm. I (<a href = "#fragI">F. I</a>); <i>The kyng of +Portynggalle seyd: ‘So mot I the</i> MS.</p> + +<p>466. <i>hym on</i>] so <a href = "#fragI">F. I</a>; <i>of</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza42" id = "stanza42">(42)</a></h5> + +<p>Aftyr-ward vppon a tyd,</p> +<p>Ase the went be the watyr<i>es</i> syd,</p> +<p class = "indent">The kyng and yong Torrent, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line470" id = "line470">470</a></span></p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page18" id = "page18">18</a></span> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The King</span> +<p>The kyng wold fayne, that he ded wer<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p>And he wyst, in<sup>)</sup> what maner<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p class = "indent">How he schuld be schent;</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +treacherously</span> +<p>A false lettyr mad the kyng</p> +<p>And dyd messengyr<i>es</i> forthe yt bryng, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line475" id = "line475">475</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">On the Rever<sup>)</sup>, ase they went,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +asks Torrent to get Desonell a Falcon</span> +<p>To Torrent, that was trew ase styll̴,</p> +<p>Yf he love Desonell̴ wyll̴,</p> +<p class = "indent">Get her a facon<sup>)</sup> jent.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>471. <i>ded wer<b>e</b></i>] so <a href = "#fragI">F. I</a>; <i>were +ded</i> MS.</p> + +<p>472. <i>he</i>] so <a href = "#fragI">F. I</a>; <i>hym</i> MS.</p> + +<p>477. <i>that was</i>] so <a href = "#fragI">F. I</a>; om. MS.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +THE FALSE KING OF PORTUGAL DECEIVES TORRENT.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza43" id = "stanza43">(43)</a></h5> + +<p>Torrent the lett<i>er</i> be-gan<sup>)</sup> to Red, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line480" id = "line480">480</a></span></p> +<p>The kyng lestyned & nere yed,</p> +<p class = "indent">Ase he yt nevyr ad s<i>e</i>ne.</p> +<p>‘Syr,’ he seyd, ‘what may thys be,</p> +<p>Loo, lord, come ner<sup>)</sup> and see,</p> +<p class = "indent">A-bowght a facon<sup>)</sup> schene? +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line485" id = "line485">485</a></span></p> +<p>I ne wot, so god me sped,</p> +<p>In what lond that they bred.’</p> +<p class = "indent">The kyng answerd: ‘I wene,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +from the Forest of Magdalen.</span> +<p>In the forrest of Mavdeleyn<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p>Ther be hawk<i>es</i>, ase I herd seyne, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line490" id = "line490">490</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">That byn of lenage <i>cl</i>en<sup>)</sup>.’</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>482. <i>syne</i> MS.</p> + +<p>487. <i>that</i>] so <a href = "#fragI">F. I</a>; om. MS.<br /> +<i>they</i>] <i>ne</i> add. (!) MS.</p> + +<p>489. <i>Mavd.</i>] so <a href = "#fragI">F. I</a>; <i>Mavdlen</i> +MS.</p> + +<p>491. <i>clen<sup>)</sup></i>] <i>gene</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza44" id = "stanza44">(44)</a></h5> + +<p>And than seyd the kyng on-trew:</p> +<p>‘Yf thow get hawkys of gret valew,</p> +<p class = "indent">Bryng on of them to me!’</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 84<i>b</i>.</span> +<p>Torrent Seyd: ‘So god me saue, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line495" id = "line495">495</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +He agrees to do it.</span> +<p>Yf yt be-tyd, that I may haue,</p> +<p class = "indent">At yow<i>r</i> wyll̴ they schal be.’</p> +<p>Hys squyere bode he th<i>a</i>r<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p>Aftyr hys armor<sup>)</sup> for to far<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p class = "indent">In the fyld byddythe he. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line500" id = "line500">500</a></span></p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page19" id = "page19">19</a></span> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent rides</span> +<p>They armyd hym in<sup>)</sup> hys wed,</p> +<p>Tho he be-strod a noble sted,</p> +<p class = "indent">And forthe than Rod hee.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +498. <i>squyere</i>] so <a href = "#fragII">F. II</a>; <i>squyeres</i> +MS.<br /> +<i>there</i> MS.</p> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT FINDS A DRAGON IN THE FOREST.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza45" id = "stanza45">(45)</a></h5> + +<p><b>T</b>orrent toke the wey a-geyn<sup>)</sup></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +to the Forest of Magdalen,</span> +<p>In to the forest of Mawdleyn<sup>)</sup>, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line505" id = "line505">505</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">In the wyld-some way;</p> +<p>Berys and apes there founde he,</p> +<p>And wylde bestys great plente,</p> +<p class = "indent">And lyons where they lay.</p> +<p>In a wod that wase tyght, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line510" id = "line510">510</a></span></p> +<p>Yt Drew nere-hand nyght</p> +<p class = "indent">By dymmynge of the Day,</p> +<p>Harkyn, lord<i>es</i>, <i>to</i> them came wo,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +gets separated from his Squire,</span> +<p>He and hys squyer<sup>)</sup> p<i>ar</i>tyd in two,</p> +<p class = "indent">Carfull̴ men then were they. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line515" id = "line515">515</a></span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>502. <i>noble</i>] so <a href = "#fragII">F. II</a>; <i>nothere</i> +MS.</p> + +<p>507-509: so <a href = "#fragII">F. II</a>:</p> +<div class = "verse"> +<p><i>Berrys he sawe stondyng</i></p> +<p><i>And wyld bestes ther goyng,</i></p> +<p><i>Gret lyonys ther he fond.</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<p>510. <i>tyght</i>] so <a href = "#fragII">F. II</a>; <i>thyke</i> +MS.</p> + +<p>512. <i>By d.</i>] so <a href = "#fragII">F. II</a>; <i>And ine the +Dawnyng</i> MS.</p> + +<p>513. <i>to—wo</i>] so <a href = "#fragII">F. II</a>;<br /> +<i>to</i>] of <a href = "#fragII">F. II</a>.<br /> +<i>what I schalle sey</i> MS.</p> + +<p>514. <i>in two</i>] so <a href = "#fragII">F. II</a>; <i>they</i> +MS.</p> + +<p>515. <i>men—they</i>] so <a href = "#fragII">F. II</a>; <i>they +were that Day</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza46" id = "stanza46">(46)</a></h5> + +<p>At the schedyng of a Rome</p> +<p>Eche p<i>ar</i>tyd other frome,</p> +<p class = "indent">For sothe, ase I vndyrstond.</p> +<p>Torrent toke a dulful wey</p> +<p>Downe in<sup>)</sup> a depe valey +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line520" id = "line520">520</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Be-syd a well̴ strong.</p> +<p>A lytyll̴ be fore mydnyght</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and comes on a Dragon.</span> +<p>Of a dragon he had syght,</p> +<p class = "indent">That grysly wase to <i>fond</i>;</p> +<p>He had hym nowght to were, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line525" id = "line525">525</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 85<i>a</i>.</span> +<p>But hys schyld and hys spere,</p> +<p class = "indent">That wase in<sup>)</sup> hys squyer<i>es</i> +hond.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +524. <i>fond</i>] <i>syght</i> MS.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page20" id = "page20">20</a></span> +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +A DRAGON ATTACKS TORRENT.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza47" id = "stanza47">(47)</a></h5> + +<p>Torrent knelyd on hys kne,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent prays to Christ</span> +<p>To I<i>es</i>u Cryst p<i>ra</i>yd he:</p> +<p class = "indent">‘Lord, mykyll̴ of myght, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line530" id = "line530">530</a></span></p> +<p>Syne I wase in<sup>)</sup> meche care,</p> +<p>Let me nevuyr<sup>)</sup> owt of <i>t</i>hys world +far<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p class = "indent">Tyll̴ I haue take o<i>rd</i>er of knyght.</p> +<p>Ase I ame falsely hether<sup>)</sup> sent,</p> +<p>Wyld-som weyes haue I went, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line535" id = "line535">535</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> fynd<i>es</i> for to fyght.</p> +<p>Now, I<i>es</i>u, for thy holy name,</p> +<p>Ase I ame but man<sup>)</sup> a-lone,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +to be his help.</span> +<p class = "indent">Than<sup>)</sup> be my helpe to nyght!’</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>532. <i>thys</i>] <i>hys</i> (!) MS.</p> + +<p>533. <i>haue</i>] <i>or</i> add. (!) MS.<br /> +<i>order</i>] <i>othere</i> (!) MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza48" id = "stanza48" href = "#notes_stz48"> +(48)</a></h5> + +<p>Ase Torrent I<i>es</i>u gan<sup>)</sup> p<i>ra</i>y, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line540" id = "line540">540</a></span></p> +<p>He herd the dragon<sup>)</sup>, ther he lay</p> +<p class = "indent">Vndyr-nethe a clo<i>w</i>;</p> +<p>Of an<i>d</i> on he wase stronge,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The Dragon’s tail is 7 yards long,</span> +<p>Hys tayle wase VII yerd<i>es</i> long,</p> +<p class = "indent">That aftyr hyme he dr<i>o</i>we; +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line545" id = "line545">545</a></span></p> +<p>Hys wyngg<i>es</i> wase long and wyght,</p> +<p>To the chyld he toke a flyght</p> +<p class = "indent">W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> an howge sw<i>ow</i>e;</p> +<p>Had he nether<sup>)</sup> schyld ne spere,</p> +<p>But p<i>ra</i>yd to god, he schold hyme were, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line550" id = "line550">550</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">For he wase in dred i-nowe.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>542. <i>clow</i>] <i>colod</i> or <i>colvd</i>, <i>l</i> corrected +from <i>d</i>, MS.</p> + +<p>543. <i>and</i>] <i>an</i> MS.</p> + +<p>545. <i>drewe</i> MS.</p> + +<p>548. <i>swowe</i>] <i>swayne</i> (!) MS.</p> + +<p>551. <i>inowthe</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza49" id = "stanza49" href = "#notes_stz49"> +(49)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +and has a fiery head on it.</span> +<p>On the tayle an hed ther<sup>)</sup> wase,</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +<ins class = "correction" title = "text has anomalous ‘fol.’">f.</ins> +85<i>b</i>.</span> +<p>That byrnyd Bryght as anny glase,</p> +<p class = "indent">In fyer whan <i>yt</i> was dyght;</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page21" id = "page21">21</a></span> +<p>A-bowght the schyld he lappyd yt ther<sup>)</sup>, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line555" id = "line555">555</a></span></p> +<p>Torrent the bowght a-sondyr schere</p> +<p class = "indent">Thurrow the g<i>ra</i>ce of god almyght.</p> +<p>As the boke of Rome telly<i>s</i>,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent cuts 4 ells off the Dragon’s tail;</span> +<p>Of hys taylle he cut IIII ell<i>es</i></p> +<p class = "indent">W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> hys swerd so bryght. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line560" id = "line560">560</a></span></p> +<p>Than cryed the lothely thyng,</p> +<p>That all̴ the dall̴ be-gan to Ryng,</p> +<p class = "indent">That hard the gyant wyght.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>554. <i>yt</i>] <i>he</i> MS.</p> + +<p>558. <i>Tellys</i>] <i>tellythe</i> MS.</p> + +<p>563. <i>That the gyant hard wyght</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT KILLS THE DRAGON.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza50" id = "stanza50">(50)</a></h5> + +<p>The gyant seyd: ‘I vndyrstond,</p> +<p>There ys sum crystyn<sup>)</sup> man<sup>)</sup> nere hond, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line565" id = "line565">565</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">My dragon here I cry.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and while its Giant-owner is getting ready to help it,</span> +<p>By hym, that schope bothe watyr<sup>)</sup> and lond,</p> +<p>All̴ that I can se be-fore me stond,</p> +<p class = "indent">Dere schall̴ they a-bye!</p> +<p>Me thynkythe, I here my dragon<sup>)</sup> schowt, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line570" id = "line570">570</a></span></p> +<p>I deme, ther be svme dowghtty man<sup>)</sup> hym a-bowght,</p> +<p class = "indent">I trow, to long I ly.</p> +<p>Yf I dwell̴ in my pyll̴ of ston<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p>And my cheff-fost<i>er</i> were gone,</p> +<p class = "indent">A false mayst<i>er</i> were I!’ +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line575" id = "line575">575</a></span></p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +574. <i>foster</i>] <i>st</i> corr. out of <i>t</i>.</p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza51" id = "stanza51" href = "#notes_stz51"> +(51)</a></h5> + +<p>Be the gyant wase Redy dyght,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent kills it.</span> +<p>Torrent had slayne the dragon<sup>)</sup> Ryght;</p> +<p class = "indent">Thus gan god hyme scheld.</p> +<p>To the mownteyne he toke the wey</p> +<p>To Rest hyme, all̴ that day, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line580" id = "line580">580</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">He had myst<i>er</i>, to be kyld.</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 87<i>a</i>.<a class = "tag" name = "tagT1" id = "tagT1" href = +"#noteT1">T1</a></span> +<p>Tyll̴ the day be-gan to spryng,</p> +<p>Fowllys gan myrre to syng</p> +<p class = "indent">Bothe in<sup>)</sup> frethe and in feld.</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page22" id = "page22">22</a></span> +<p>Leve we now of Torrent th<i>o</i>re +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line585" id = "line585">585</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent’s Squire</span> +<p>And speke we of thys squyer<sup>)</sup> more:</p> +<p class = "indent">I<i>es</i>u hys sole fro hell̴ shyld!</p> +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>581. <i>kyllyd</i> MS.</p> + +<p>585. <i>there</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "footnote"> +<a name = "noteT1" id = "noteT1" href = "#tagT1">T1.</a> +There is no f. 86 in the paging of the MS.</p> + +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT’S SQUIRE IS MET BY A GIANT.</span></p> + + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza52" id = "stanza52">(52)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +rides all night in a wood,</span> +<p>Hys squyer<sup>)</sup> Rod all̴ nyght</p> +<p>In a wod, that wase full̴ tyght,</p> +<p class = "indent">W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> meche care and gret fare, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line590" id = "line590">590</a></span></p> +<p>For to seke hys lord Torrent,</p> +<p>That wy<i>ght</i>ly wase frome hyme sent,</p> +<p class = "indent">And he wyst nevyr<sup>)</sup> whethyr ne +wh<i>a</i>r<sup>)</sup>.</p> +<p>He Durst neuyr<sup>)</sup> cry ne schuot,</p> +<p>For wy<i>l</i>d best<i>es</i> were hym a-bowght +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line595" id = "line595">595</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">In<sup>)</sup> the holtt<i>es</i> h<i>a</i>re;</p> +<p>A lyty<i>l</i> whyll̴ be-fore the day</p> +<p>He toke in<sup>)</sup> to a Ryde-wey</p> +<p class = "indent">Hyme self to meche care.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>592. <i>wysly</i> MS.</p> + +<p>593. <i>wher</i> MS.</p> + +<p>595. <i>wyld</i>] <i>wyd</i> MS.</p> + +<p>596. <i>hore</i> MS.</p> + +<p>597. <i>lyty</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza53" id = "stanza53">(53)</a></h5> + +<p>Forthe he Rod, I vndyrstond, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line600" id = "line600">600</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +till he finds a highway,</span> +<p>Tyll̴ he an hey wey fond,</p> +<p class = "indent">W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-owtyn<sup>)</sup> any +Del<i>ite</i>,</p> +<p>Also fast ase he myght fare,</p> +<p>Fore berrys and apys, þ<i>a</i>t ther w<i>a</i>re,</p> +<p class = "indent">Lest they wold hym byght. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line605" id = "line605">605</a></span></p> +<p>The sone a-Rose and schone bryght,</p> +<p>Of a castyll̴ he had a syght,</p> +<p class = "indent">That wase bothe feyer<sup>)</sup> and whyte<span +class = "dots"> . . . .</span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>602. <i>Delite</i>] <i>delay</i> MS.</p> + +<p>604. <i>were</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza54" id = "stanza54">(54)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +and is met by a Giant.</span> +<p>The gyant h<i>i</i>m se, & ny yed,</p> +<p>And seyd: ‘Fellow, so god me sped, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line610" id = "line610">610</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 87<i>b</i>.</span> +<p class = "indent">Thow art welcom to me:</p> +<p>What dost thow here in my forest?’</p> +<p>‘Lord, to seke an hawkys nest,</p> +<p class = "indent">Yff yt yow<i>r</i> wyl be.’</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page23" id = "page23">23</a></span> +<p>‘The be-hovythe to ley a wede.’ +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line615" id = "line615">615</a></span></p> +<p>To an oke he hym led:</p> +<p class = "indent">Gret Ruthe yt wase to se.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The Giant cuts Torrent’s Squire into 4 quarters.</span> +<p>In IIII q<i>uar</i>ter<i>es</i> he hym dr<i>o</i>we,</p> +<p>And eu<i>er</i>y quarter vppon a bowe;</p> +<p class = "indent">Lord, soche weys toke hee! +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line620" id = "line620">620</a></span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>609. <i>hem</i> MS.</p> + +<p>618. <i>drewe</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT IS ATTACKT BY THE GIANT ROCHENSE.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza55" id = "stanza55">(55)</a></h5> + +<p>Ase Torrent in<sup>)</sup> the movnteyn<sup>)</sup> dyd ly,</p> +<p>Hym thowght, he hard a Reufull̴ cry;</p> +<p class = "indent">Gret fere ther hyme thowght.</p> +<p>‘Seynt Marre,’ seyd the chyld so f<i>re</i>,</p> +<p>‘Wher euyr<sup>)</sup> my jentyll̴ squyer<sup>)</sup> myght be, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line625" id = "line625">625</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">That I w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> me to wod browght?</p> +<p>On he dyd hys harnes a-geyne</p> +<p>And worthe on hys sted, s<i>er</i>teyne,</p> +<p class = "indent">And thetherward he sowght.</p> +<p>And wot yow wyll̴, I vndyrstond, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line630" id = "line630">630</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent finds these,</span> +<p>In fowre quartyr<i>es</i> he hym fownd,</p> +<p class = "indent">For other wyse wase yt nowght.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>624. <i>fre</i>] <i>fer</i> MS.</p> + +<p>630. <i>wot</i>] <i>w</i> add. (!) MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza56" id = "stanza56" href = "#notes_stz56"> +(56)</a></h5> + +<p>The gyant lenyd to a tre</p> +<p>And be-hyld Torrent so free,</p> +<p class = "indent">For sothe, ase <i>I</i> yow seye. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line635" id = "line635">635</a></span></p> +<p>Thys fend wase ferly to fyght,</p> +<p>Rochense, seythe the boke, he hyght,</p> +<p class = "indent">Ther wase a dredfull̴ fraye.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and is attackt by this giant Rochense.</span> +<p>To the chyld than<sup>)</sup> gan he smyght:</p> +<p>‘A theff, yeld the asttyt, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line640" id = "line640">640</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 88<i>a</i>.</span> +<p class = "indent">As fast as thow may!’</p> +<p>‘What,’ seyd Torrent, ‘art thow wood?</p> +<p>God, that Dyed on the Rood,</p> +<p class = "indent">Geff the evyll̴ happe thys day!’</p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +635. <i>I</i>] om. MS.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page24" id = "page24">24</a></span> +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT FIGHTS THE GIANT ROCHENSE.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza57" id = "stanza57">(57)</a></h5> + +<p>He Rawght Torrent soche a Rowght, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line645" id = "line645">645</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent’s steed is kild.</span> +<p>Hys stedd<i>es</i> brayne he smot owte,</p> +<p class = "indent">So mykyll̴ he be-gan<sup>)</sup>.</p> +<p>Torrent tho a good sped</p> +<p>Ase fast a-bowte an eche <i>yede</i>;</p> +<p class = "indent">Ase swefte ase he myght, <i>he</i> R<i>a</i>n. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line650" id = "line650">650</a></span></p> +<p>He gathyred svm of hys gere,</p> +<p>Bothe hys schyld and hys spere;</p> +<p class = "indent">Nere hym yod he than<sup>)</sup>.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +He drives the Giant back</span> +<p>Bacward than be a browȝ</p> +<p>Twenty fote he gard hyme goo, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line655" id = "line655">655</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Thus erthe on hym he wane.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>649. <i>yede</i>] <i>went</i> MS.</p> + +<p>650. <i>he Ran</i>] <i>Ryne</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza58" id = "stanza58" href = "#notes_stz58"> +(58)</a></h5> + +<p>Yt solasyd Torrant th<i>e</i>n<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p>When he sawe hyme bacward r<i>e</i>n</p> +<p class = "indent">Downe be a movnteyn<sup>)</sup> of Perowne,</p> +<p>Stomlyng thurrow frythe and fen<sup>)</sup>, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line660" id = "line660">660</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +into a deep glen,</span> +<p>Tyll̴ he com to a depe <i>glen</i>,</p> +<p class = "indent">Ther myght non hym s<i>t</i>ere.</p> +<p>Torrent wase glad and folowyd fast,</p> +<p>And hys spere on hyme he brast,</p> +<p class = "indent">Good Adyloke yed hyme nere. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line665" id = "line665">665</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +where he stands in water.</span> +<p>The fynd in<sup>)</sup> the watyr stod,</p> +<p>He fawte a-geyn, ase he were wod,</p> +<p class = "indent">All̴ þe day in<sup>)</sup> fere.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>657. <i>than</i> MS.</p> + +<p>658. <i>ren</i>] <i>Rond</i> (!) MS.</p> + +<p>661. <i>glen</i>] <i>thorne</i> MS.</p> + +<p>662. <i>stere</i>] <i>schere</i> MS.</p> + +<p>668. <i>þe</i>] <i>the</i> add. (!) MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza59" id = "stanza59">(59)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 88<i>b</i>.</span> +<p>Tho nere hond wase the day gone,</p> +<p>Torrent wase so werry than<sup>)</sup> +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line670" id = "line670">670</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">That on hys kne he kneld:</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent prays God for help.</span> +<p>‘Helpe, god, that all̴ may!</p> +<p>Desonell̴, haue good day!’</p> +<p class = "indent">Fro hym he cest hys schyld.</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page25" id = "page25">25</a></span> +<p>I<i>es</i>u wold not, he were slayne, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line675" id = "line675">675</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Jesus freshens up Torrent.</span> +<p>To hym he sent a schowyr<sup>)</sup> of Rayne,</p> +<p class = "indent">Torrent full̴ wyll̴ yt keld.</p> +<p>The fynd saw, he wase ny mate,</p> +<p>Owt of the watyr he toke the gate,</p> +<p class = "indent">He thowght to wyne the fyld. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line680" id = "line680">680</a></span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>671. <i>knelyd he</i> MS.</p> + +<p>677. <i>kelyd</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT SLAYS THE GIANT ROCHENSE.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza60" id = "stanza60" href = "#notes_stz60"> +(60)</a></h5> + +<p>Thoo wase Torrent ffresse and good;</p> +<p>Nere the fynd sore he stod,</p> +<p class = "indent">Cryst hym saue and see!</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The Giant attacks again.</span> +<p>The fynd fawt w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> an yron<sup>)</sup> staff,</p> +<p>The fyrst stroke, to hym he gaffe, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line685" id = "line685">685</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">He brast hys schyld on thre.</p> +<p>Torrent vndyr hys staff Rane,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent runs him thro’ the heart,</span> +<p>To the hart he baryd hym than<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p class = "indent">And lothely cry gane he.</p> +<p>To the g<i>r</i>ownd he fell̴ ase tyght, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line690" id = "line690">690</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +cuts his head off,</span> +<p>And Torrent gan hys hed of-smyght,</p> +<p class = "indent">And thus he wynnythe the gre.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +690. <i>gownd</i> MS.</p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza61" id = "stanza61" href = "#notes_stz61"> +(61)</a></h5> + +<p>Torrent knelyd on the grownd</p> +<p>And thankyd god þ<i>a</i>t ylke stownd,</p> +<p class = "indent">That soche g<i>ra</i>ce hyme send. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line695" id = "line695">695</a></span></p> +<p>Thus II journeys in thys woo</p> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> hys hand<i>es</i> slow <i>he</i> gyantys too,</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 89<i>a</i>.</span> +<p class = "indent">That meny a man<sup>)</sup> hathe schent.</p> +<p>Torrent forthe frome hyme þan yod,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +finds him 24 ft.</span> +<p>And met hyme XXIIII fotte, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line700" id = "line700">700</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Ther he lay on the bent.</p> +<p>Hedles he left hym there,</p> +<p>Howt of the fyld the hed he bare</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +long, and goes to his Castle.</span> +<p class = "indent">And to the castell̴ he went.]</p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +697. <i>he</i>] <i>II</i> MS.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page26" id = "page26">26</a></span> +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +THE SWORD AND STEED OF GIANT ROCHENSE.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza62" id = "stanza62">(62)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent goes to the Giant’s</span> +<p>To thys castell̴ he gan far<sup>)</sup>; +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line705" id = "line705">705</a></span></p> +<p>Ther fond he armor<sup>)</sup> and other<sup>)</sup> g<i>a</i>re,</p> +<p class = "indent">A swerd, that wase bryght.</p> +<p>To the towre he toke the wey,</p> +<p>Ther the gyant<i>es</i> bed lay,</p> +<p class = "indent">That Rychyly wase dyght. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line710" id = "line710">710</a></span></p> +<p>At the bedd<i>es</i> hed he fond</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Castle, and finds a splendid sword,</span> +<p>A swerd, worthe an Erllys lond,</p> +<p class = "indent">That meche wase of myght.</p> +<p>On the pomell̴ yt wase wret,</p> +<p>Fro a prynce yt wase get, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line715" id = "line715">715</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Mownpolyardn<i>us</i> he hyght.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +706. <i>gere</i> MS.</p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza63" id = "stanza63" href = "#notes_stz63"> +(63)</a></h5> + +<p>The sarten <i>to sey</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-owt lese,</p> +<p>A scheff-chambyr<sup>)</sup> he hym ches,</p> +<p class = "indent">Tyll̴ on the morrow day.</p> +<p>To the stabull̴ tho he y<i>e</i>d, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line720" id = "line720">720</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and a noble white steed.</span> +<p>There he fond a nobyll̴ sted,</p> +<p class = "indent">Wase comely whyt and grey.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +With the heads of the Giant and Dragon, Torrent</span> +<p>The gyantt<i>es</i> hed gan he take,</p> +<p>And the dragonnys wold he not forsake,</p> +<p class = "indent">And went forthe on hys wey. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line725" id = "line725">725</a></span></p> +<p>He left mor<sup>)</sup> good in that sale</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 89<i>b</i>.</span> +<p>Than wase w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> in<sup>)</sup> all̴ Portynggall̴,</p> +<p class = "indent">Ther ase the gyant laye.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>717. <i>to sey</i>] om. MS.</p> + +<p>718. <i>he</i>] <i>sche</i> MS.<br /> +<i>chesys</i> (!) MS.</p> + +<p>720. <i>yod</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza64" id = "stanza64">(64)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +rides back to Portugal.</span> +<p>Tho he Rod bothe Day and nyght,</p> +<p>Tyll̴ he come to a castell̴ bryght, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line730" id = "line730">730</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Ther ys lord gan dwell̴.</p> +<p>The kyng ys gone to the gate,</p> +<p>Torrent on kne he fond ther at,</p> +<p class = "indent">Schort tall̴ for to tell̴.</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page27" id = "page27">27</a></span> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent gives the King the Giant’s and Dragon’s heads instead of a +Falcon,</span> +<p>‘Haue thow thys in<sup>)</sup> thyn<sup>)</sup> hond: +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line735" id = "line735">735</a></span></p> +<p>No nother hawkys ther I fond</p> +<p class = "indent">At Mawdlenys well̴.’</p> +<p>The kyng <i>quod</i>: ‘Ase so haue I blyse,</p> +<p>Torrent, I trow, sy<i>bb</i>e ys</p> +<p class = "indent">To the dewell̴ of hell̴!<span class = "dots"> . . . +.</span> +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line740" id = "line740">740</a></span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>738. <i>quod</i>] om. (!) MS.</p> + +<p>739. <i>sybbe</i>] <i>sylke</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT IS LOVED BY DESONELL.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza65" id = "stanza65" href = "#notes_stz65"> +(65)</a></h5> + +<p>‘Here be syd dwellythe won on lond,</p> +<p>Ther ys no knyght, <i>hy</i>s dynt may stond,</p> +<p class = "indent">So stronge he ys <i>in dede</i>!’</p> +<p>‘Syr<sup>)</sup>,’ he sayd, ‘fore sen Iame,</p> +<p>What ys the gyant<i>es</i> name, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line745" id = "line745">745</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">So Euyr good me sped?’</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and says the Giant Rochense was Slogus of Fuolles.</span> +<p>‘Syr<sup>)</sup>,’ he seyd, ‘so mvt I the,</p> +<p>Slogus of Fu<i>o</i>ll<i>es</i>, thus hyte hee,</p> +<p class = "indent">That wyt ys vndyr wede.’<span class = "dots"> . . . +. . .</span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>742. <i>knyght hys</i>] <i>knyghtes</i> MS.</p> + +<p>743. <i>in d.</i>] <i>on grond</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza66" id = "stanza66">(66)</a></h5> + +<p>Lytyll̴ and mykyll̴, lese and more, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line750" id = "line750">750</a></span></p> +<p>Wondyr on the hedd<i>es</i> thore,</p> +<p class = "indent">That Torrent had browght whome.</p> +<p><i>The</i> Lord<i>es</i> seyd ‘Be sen Myhell̴!</p> +<p>Syr kyng, but ye love hyme wyll̴,</p> +<p class = "indent">To yow yt ys gret schame!’ +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line755" id = "line755">755</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 90<i>a</i>.</span> +<p>Torent ordeynyd pryst<i>es</i> fyve,</p> +<p>To syng for hys squyerys lyve,</p> +<p class = "indent">And menythe hym by name.</p> +<p>Therfor<sup>)</sup> the lady whyt ase swane</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Desonell gives her heart to Torrent.</span> +<p>To Torrant, here lord, sche went than<sup>)</sup>, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line760" id = "line760">760</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Here hert wase to hyme tane.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>752. <i>browght</i>] <i>ho</i> add. (!) MS.</p> + +<p>753. <i>The</i>] om. MS.<br /> +<i>seyd</i>] <i>he</i> add. MS.<br /> +<i>Myhell<b>e</b></i>] <i>my her</i>, <i>r</i> corrected to <i>lle</i> +with paler ink.</p> + +<p>756. <i>prystes</i>] V add. (!) MS.</p> +</div> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page28" id = "page28">28</a></span> +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +A PRINCE OF ARAGON WANTS TO WED DESONELL.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza67" id = "stanza67">(67)</a></h5> + +<p>Lettyrr<i>es</i> come ther w<i>ithalle</i></p> +<p>To the kyng of Portynggall̴,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The King of Aragon asks for Desonell for his youngest Son.</span> +<p class = "indent">To ax hys dowghttyr Derre,</p> +<p>Fro the kyng of Eragon<sup>)</sup>, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line765" id = "line765">765</a></span></p> +<p>To wed her<sup>)</sup> to hys yongeest son<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p class = "indent">The lady, that ys so clere.</p> +<p>For Torrent schuld not her<sup>)</sup> haue,</p> +<p><i>For</i> hyme fyrst he here gafe,</p> +<p class = "indent">To the messenger<sup>)</sup>, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line770" id = "line770">770</a></span></p> +<p>And hys <i>way</i> fast ageyn dyd pase,</p> +<p>Whyle Torrent an huntyng wase,</p> +<p class = "indent">Ther of schuld he not be w<i>e</i>re.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>762. <i>ther withalle</i>] <i>hetherward</i> MS.</p> + +<p>769. <i>For</i>] <i>To</i> MS.</p> + +<p>771. <i>way</i>] om. MS.</p> + +<p>773. <i>ware</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza68" id = "stanza68">(68)</a></h5> + +<p>On a mornyng, ther ase he lay,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The Queen of Portugal wishes</span> +<p>The kyng to the quene gan sey: +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line775" id = "line775">775</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">‘Madame, for cherryte,</p> +<p>Thow art oftyn<sup>)</sup> hold wyse;</p> +<p>Now woll̴ ye tell̴ me yow<i>r</i> deuyce,</p> +<p class = "indent">How I may governe me:</p> +<p>The Ryche kyng hathe to me sent, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line780" id = "line780">780</a></span></p> +<p>For to aske my dowghttyr gente</p> +<p class = "indent">That ys so feyer<sup>)</sup> and fre.’</p> +<p>‘Syr,’ sche Seyd, ‘so god me saue,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent to have her.</span> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 90<i>b</i>.</span> +<p>I Red yow let Torent her haue,</p> +<p class = "indent">For best worthy ys he.’ +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line785" id = "line785">785</a></span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>775. <i>The (quene to the) kyng to the quene gan sey</i> MS.</p> + +<p>779. <i>That how</i> MS.</p> + +<p>781. <i>aske</i>] <i>aseke</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza69" id = "stanza69">(69)</a></h5> + +<p>He sayd: ‘Madame, were that feyer<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p>To make an erll<i>es</i> sone myn Eyer<sup>)</sup>?</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The King refuses.</span> +<p class = "indent">I will̴ not, by sen Iame!</p> +<p>There he hathe done maystr<i>es</i> thre,</p> +<p>Yt ys <i>hys</i> swerd, yt ys not he, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line790" id = "line790">790</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">For Hatheloke ys ys name.’</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page29" id = "page29">29</a></span> +<p>‘Lord, he myght full̴ wyll̴ sped,</p> +<p>A knyght<i>es</i> dowghttyr wase hyme bed,</p> +<p class = "indent">Ase whyt ase wall<i>es</i> b<i>a</i>ne;</p> +<p>And yf ye warne hyme Desonell̴, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line795" id = "line795">795</a></span></p> +<p>A<i>ll</i> that ther of here tell̴,</p> +<p class = "indent">Ther of wyll̴ speke schame.’</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>790. <i>hys</i>] om. MS.</p> + +<p>794. <i>swalles</i> (!) MS.<br /> +<i>bone</i> MS.</p> + +<p>796. <i>All</i>] <i>And</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +THE KING OF PORTUGAL’S TREACHERY TO TORRENT.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza70" id = "stanza70" href = "#notes_stz70"> +(70)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +The false King of Portugal</span> +<p>‘Madam, vnto thys tyd</p> +<p>There lythe a gyant here be-syd,</p> +<p class = "indent">That many a man<sup>)</sup> hathe slayne. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line800" id = "line800">800</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +plots to have Torrent kild by another Giant.</span> +<p>I schall̴ hyght hym my dowghttyr<sup>)</sup> dere,</p> +<p>To fyght w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> that fynd<i>es</i> fere,</p> +<p class = "indent">Thus he holdythe hyme in<sup>)</sup> trayne.</p> +<p>But I schall̴ make myn com<i>m</i>nant so,</p> +<p>That there schall̴ non w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> hyme go, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line805" id = "line805">805</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent"><i>Neyther</i> squyer<sup>)</sup> ne swayne.’</p> +<p>‘Syr<sup>)</sup>,’ sche seyd, ‘so mvt I the,</p> +<p>So sore be-stad hathe he be,</p> +<p class = "indent">And wyll̴ co<i>m</i>myn<sup>)</sup> a-geyne!’</p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +806. <i>Neyther</i>] om. MS.</p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza71" id = "stanza71" href = "#notes_stz71"> +(71)</a></h5> + +<p>Tho the bell<i>es</i> be-gan to Ryng, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line810" id = "line810">810</a></span></p> +<p>Vpe Rose that Ryche kyng,</p> +<p class = "indent">And the lady <i>so fre</i>,</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 91<i>a</i>.</span> +<span class = "sidenote"> +He and his Queen go to Mass.</span> +<p>And aftyr-ward they went to mase,</p> +<p>Ase the law of holy chyrge wase,</p> +<p class = "indent">W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> n<i>o</i>t<i>es</i> and +solemnyte. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line815" id = "line815">815</a></span></p> +<p>Trompettys on the wall̴ gan blowe,</p> +<p>Knyght<i>es</i> semlyd on a Rowe,</p> +<p class = "indent">Gret joy wase to see.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent sits at the head of a side table.</span> +<p>Torrent a syd bord began<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p>The squyer<i>es</i> nexte hym than, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line820" id = "line820">820</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">That good knyght<i>es</i> schuld be.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>812. <i>so fre</i>] <i>in feree</i> MS.</p> + +<p>815. <i>nettes</i> (!) MS.</p> +</div> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page30" id = "page30">30</a></span> +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT AGREES TO FIGHT FOR DESONELL.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza72" id = "stanza72">(72)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +The King asks Torrent if he’ll</span> +<p>Ase they sat a-mydd<i>es</i> the mete,</p> +<p>The kyng wold not foreget;</p> +<p class = "indent">To Torrent the kyng gan sey,</p> +<p>He seyd: ‘Torrent, so god me saue, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line825" id = "line825">825</a></span></p> +<p>Thow wold<i>es</i> fayne my dowghttyr haue</p> +<p class = "indent">And hast lovyd her<sup>)</sup> many a day.’</p> +<p>‘Ye, be trouthe,’ seyd Torrent than<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p>‘And yf þ<i>a</i>t I were a Ryche man<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p class = "indent">Ryght gladly, p<i>ar</i> ma fay!’ +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line830" id = "line830">830</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +do a deed of arms for Desonell.</span> +<p>‘Yf thow durst for her sake</p> +<p>A poynt of armys vndyrtake,</p> +<p class = "indent">Thow broke her<sup>)</sup> well̴ fore ay!’</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>822. <i>a</i>] so <a href = "#fragIII">F. III</a>; <i>the</i> MS.</p> + +<p>825. <i>saue</i>] so <a href = "#fragIII">F. III</a>; <i>sped</i> +MS.</p> + +<p>830. <i>gladly</i>] so <a href = "#fragIII">F. III</a>; <i>glad</i> +MS.</p> + +<p>831. <i>for h. s.</i>] so <a href = "#fragIII">F. III</a>; <i>par ma +fay</i> MS.</p> + +<p>833. <i>broke</i>] so <a href = "#fragIII">F. III</a>; <i>breke</i> +MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza73" id = "stanza73" href = "#notes_stz73"> +(73)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +‘Yes,’ says Torrent.</span> +<p>‘Ye,’ seyd Torrent, ‘ar I ga,</p> +<p>Sekyrnes ye schall̴ me ma +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line835" id = "line835">835</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Of yow<i>r</i> dowghttyr hend,</p> +<p>And aftyrward my ryghtys,</p> +<p>Be-fore XXVII knyght<i>es</i>.’<span class = "dots"> . . . . . +.</span></p> +<p class = "indent">And all̴ were Torrent<i>es</i> frende.</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 91<i>b</i>.</span> +<p>‘Now, good s<i>er</i>is,’ gan Torrant sey, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line840" id = "line840">840</a></span></p> +<p>‘Bere wittnes her of som Daye,</p> +<p class = "indent">A-geyne yf god me send!’</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>834. <i>go</i> <a href = "#fragIII">F. III</a>; <i>gan Rage</i> +MS.</p> + +<p>835. <i>make</i> MS.</p> + +<p>839. <i>frenddes</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza74" id = "stanza74">(74)</a></h5> + +<p>Torrent seyd: ‘So mvt I the</p> +<p>Wyst I, where my jorney schold <i>be</i>,</p> +<p class = "indent">Thether I wolde me dyght.’ +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line845" id = "line845">845</a></span></p> +<p>The kyng gaff hyme an answere:</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +‘Then go to Calabria,</span> +<p>‘In the lond of Calabur ther<sup>)</sup></p> +<p class = "indent">Wonnythe a gyant wyhte,</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page31" id = "page31">31</a></span> +<p>And he ys bothe strong and bold,</p> +<p>Slochys he hyght, I the told, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line850" id = "line850">850</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and fight the Giant Slochys.’</span> +<p class = "indent">God send the that waye Ryght!’</p> +<p>Than quod Torrent: ‘Haue goo<i>d</i> day,</p> +<p>And, or I come a-geyn<sup>)</sup>, I schall̴ asay,</p> +<p class = "indent">Whether the fynd can fyght.’</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>844. <i>be</i>] om. MS.</p> + +<p>845. <i>wolde</i>] so <a href = "#fragIII">F. III</a>; om. MS.</p> + +<p>848. <i>wyhte</i>] so <a href = "#fragIII">F. III</a>; <i>whyte</i> +MS.</p> + +<p>851. <i>that w.</i>] so <a href = "#fragIII">F. III</a>; <i>ways</i> +MS.</p> + +<p>852. <i>good</i>] <i>goo</i> MS.</p> + +<p>853. Space left here for an initial letter of the largest size in +MS.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT STARTS TO FIGHT THE GIANT SLOCHYS.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza75" id = "stanza75">(75)</a></h5> + +<p>Tho wold he no lenger<sup>)</sup> a-byde, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line855" id = "line855">855</a></span></p> +<p>He toke ys wey for to Ry<i>de</i></p> +<p class = "indent">On a sted of gret valewe.</p> +<p>In to a chambyr<sup>)</sup> he g<i>as</i>,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent takes leave of Desonell,</span> +<p>Hys leue of Desonell̴ he t<i>as</i>,</p> +<p class = "indent">Sche wepte, all̴ men myght Rewe; +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line860" id = "line860">860</a></span></p> +<p>He seyd: ‘Lady, be styll̴!</p> +<p>I schall̴ come a-geyn th<i>e</i> tyll̴,</p> +<p class = "indent">Thurrow helpe of Marry trewe.’</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +starts,</span> +<p>Thus he worthe on a stede.</p> +<p>In hys wey Cryst hyme sped, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line865" id = "line865">865</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Fore he yt no thyng knewe!</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>856. <i>Ryde</i>] <i>ryght</i> MS.</p> + +<p>858. <i>gas</i>] <i>gothe</i> MS.</p> + +<p>859. <i>tas</i>] <i>toke</i> MS.</p> + +<p>862. <i>the</i>] <i>than</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza76" id = "stanza76" href = "#notes_stz76"> +(76)</a></h5> + +<p>He toke hym a Redy wey,</p> +<p>Thurrow P<i>er</i>vy<i>n</i>s he toke the wey,</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 91<i>a</i>.<a class = "tag" name = "tagT2" id = "tagT2" href = +"#noteT2">T2</a></span> +<p class = "indent">As hys Iorney fell̴.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and rides to the Castle of the King of Provyns.</span> +<p>Tyll̴ the castell̴ Be the See, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line870" id = "line870">870</a></span></p> +<p>An hy stret heldythe hee,</p> +<p class = "indent">Ther the kyng <i>dyd</i> dwell<i>e</i>.</p> +<p>To the porter he gan seye:</p> +<p>‘Wynd in<sup>)</sup>, fellow, I the p<i>ra</i>y,</p> +<p class = "indent">And thy lord than t<i>e</i>ll̴, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line875" id = "line875">875</a></span></p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page32" id = "page32">32</a></span> +<p>P<i>ra</i>y hym, on won nyght in<sup>)</sup> hys sale</p> +<p>To harburrow Torrent of Portynggall̴,</p> +<p class = "indent">Yf y<i>t</i> Bee ys will̴!’</p> +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>868. <i>pvys</i> MS.</p> + +<p>871. <i>And</i> MS.</p> + +<p>872. <i>dyd dw.</i>] <i>dwellyd</i> MS.</p> + +<p>875. <i>tyll</i> MS.</p> + +<p>878. <i>Yf ys wille to Bee</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "footnote"> +<a name = "noteT2" id = "noteT2" href = "#tagT2">T2.</a> +There are two folios 91 in the MS.</p> + +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT A GUEST OF THE KING OF PROVYNS.</span></p> + + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza77" id = "stanza77">(77)</a></h5> + +<p>The porter<sup>)</sup> Dyd hys com<i>m</i>andment,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The King of Provyns</span> +<p>To the kynge he ys wente +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line880" id = "line880">880</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">And knelyd vppon<sup>)</sup> ys kne:</p> +<p>‘God blyse þe, lord, In thy sale!</p> +<p>Torrent of Portynggale</p> +<p class = "indent">Thus sendythe me to the;</p> +<p>He p<i>ra</i>ythe yow, yf ye myght, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line885" id = "line885">885</a></span></p> +<p>To harburrow hym thys won<sup>)</sup> nyght,</p> +<p class = "indent">Yf yow<i>r</i> will̴ yt bee.’</p> +<p>The kyng swere be hym, þ<i>a</i>t dyed on tre:</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +welcomes Torrent, and</span> +<p>‘There ys no man<sup>)</sup> in<sup>)</sup> crystyante</p> +<p class = "indent">More welcome to me!’ +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line890" id = "line890">890</a></span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza78" id = "stanza78" href = "#notes_stz78"> +(78)</a></h5> + +<p>The kyng a-Rose and to the gat yod,</p> +<p>Lord<i>es</i> and other<sup>)</sup> knyg<i>htes</i> good,</p> +<p class = "indent">That were glad of hys com<i>m</i>yng.</p> +<p>In to the hale he hyme browght,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +feeds him.</span> +<p>Ryche met spare they nowght, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line895" id = "line895">895</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Be-fore Torrent fore to bryng.</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 91<i>b</i>.</span> +<p>‘Syr,’ sayd the kyng, ‘I p<i>ra</i>y the,</p> +<p>Where be thy men off armys free,</p> +<p class = "indent">That w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> the schuld <i>leng</i>?’</p> +<p>‘Syr, to a lord I mvst Ryde, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line900" id = "line900">900</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent’s sword is his only Squire.</span> +<p>My squyer hongythe be my syde,</p> +<p class = "indent">No man schall̴ w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> me wend.’</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>892. <i>knyges</i> MS.</p> + +<p>899. <i>leng</i>] <i>wynd</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza79" id = "stanza79">(79)</a></h5> + +<p>‘S<i>yr</i>,’ seyd the kyng, ‘I p<i>ra</i>y the,</p> +<p>Where schall̴ thy ded of armys bee,</p> +<p class = "indent">Yf yt be thy wyll̴?’ +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line905" id = "line905">905</a></span></p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page33" id = "page33">33</a></span> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent says he has to fight in Calabria.</span> +<p>‘S<i>yr</i>,’ he seyd, ‘vttyrly,</p> +<p>At Calabur, sekyrly,</p> +<p class = "indent">I ame all̴ Redy ther tyll̴</p> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> a squyer, þ<i>a</i>t will̴ can Ryde;</p> +<p>Fast be the see Sydde +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line910" id = "line910">910</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Schuld we pley ow<i>ur</i> fyle;</p> +<p>And wot ye wyll̴ and vndyrstond,</p> +<p>Ther schall̴ no knyght come nere hond</p> +<p class = "indent">Fore dred of dentt<i>es</i> yll̴.’</p> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT IS OFFERD A PRINCESS OF PROVYNS.</span></p> + + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza80" id = "stanza80" href = "#notes_stz80"> +(80)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +The King of Provyns warns</span> +<p>The kynge seyd: ‘Be godd<i>es</i> ore, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line915" id = "line915">915</a></span></p> +<p>I Rede, þ<i>a</i>t þ<i>ou</i> come not th<i>o</i>re,</p> +<p class = "indent">Fore why, I wyll̴ the seye:</p> +<p>Meche folke of that contre</p> +<p>Come hether<sup>)</sup> for<sup>)</sup> sokor<sup>)</sup> of me,</p> +<p class = "indent">Bothe be nyght and day; +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line920" id = "line920">920</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +him against the terrible Giant there,</span> +<p>There ys a gyant of gret Renowne,</p> +<p>He dystrowythe bothe sete and towyn<sup>)</sup></p> +<p class = "indent">And all̴ þ<i>a</i>t euyr<sup>)</sup> he may;</p> +<p>And ase the boke of Rome dothe tell̴,</p> +<p>He wase get of the dewell̴ of hell̴, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line925" id = "line925">925</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">As hys moder on slepe lay.’</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>915. <i>kynges</i> (!) MS.</p> + +<p>916. <i>there</i> MS.</p> + +<p>922. <i>sete</i>] second <i>e</i> corr. out of <i>a</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza81" id = "stanza81">(81)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 92<i>a</i>.</span> +<p>The kyng Seyd: ‘Be seynt Adryan<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p>I Rede, a nother Jentyll̴ mane</p> +<p class = "indent">Be there and haue the gre:</p> +<p>I haue a dowghttyr, þ<i>a</i>t ys me dere, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line930" id = "line930">930</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and offers him his Daughter and 2 Duchies instead.</span> +<p>Thow schalt here wed to thy fere,</p> +<p class = "indent">And, yf yt thy wyll be,</p> +<p>Two duchyes in <i>l</i>onde</p> +<p>I wille geve here in<sup>)</sup> hande.’</p> +<p class = "indent">‘G<i>ra</i>marcy, syr,’ sayd he, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line935" id = "line935">935</a></span></p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page34" id = "page34">34</a></span> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent says he must keep his troth.</span> +<p>‘W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> my tonge so haue I wrowght,</p> +<p>To breke my day than will̴ I nowght,</p> +<p class = "indent">Nedys me behovythe ther to bee.’</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>929. <i>the</i>] so <a href = "#fragIV">F. IV</a>; om. MS.<br /> +<i>degre</i> MS.</p> + +<p>932. So <a href = "#fragIV">F. IV</a>; om. (!) MS.</p> + +<p>933. <i>londe</i>] <i>honde</i> <a href = "#fragIV">F. IV</a>; om. +MS.</p> + +<p>935. <i>syr s. h.</i>] so <a href = "#fragIV">F. IV</a>; <i>seyd he +thane</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT ARRIVES IN CALABRIA.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza82" id = "stanza82">(82)</a></h5> + +<p>‘In godd<i>es</i> name,’ the kyng gane sayne,</p> +<p>‘I<i>es</i>u send the will̴ a-geyne, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line940" id = "line940">940</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Lord so mekyll̴ of myghte!’</p> +<p>Menstrell<i>es</i> was them a-monge,</p> +<p>Trompett<i>es</i>, harpys, and myrre songe,</p> +<p class = "indent">Delycyous nottis on hyght.</p> +<p>When tyme was, to bed they wente; +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line945" id = "line945">945</a></span></p> +<p>On the morrow Rose Torrente</p> +<p class = "indent">And toke leve of kyng and knyght</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +He starts,</span> +<p>And toke a Redy weyye,</p> +<p>Be a see syd as yt laye,</p> +<p class = "indent">God send hym gatt<i>es</i> Ryght! +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line950" id = "line950">950</a></span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>947. <i>of</i>] so <a href = "#fragIV">F. IV</a>; <i>on</i> MS.</p> + +<p>948. <i>toke</i>] so <a href = "#fragIV">F. IV</a>; <i>to</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza83" id = "stanza83" href = "#notes_stz83"> +(83)</a></h5> + +<p>A hye stret hathe he nome,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +reaches Calabria,</span> +<p>In to Calabur he ys come</p> +<p class = "indent">W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> in<sup>)</sup> to days ore +III;</p> +<p>Soo come ther<sup>)</sup> folk<i>es</i> hym a-geyne,</p> +<p>Fast folloyng w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> cart and wayne, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line955" id = "line955">955</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Fro-ward the sytte.</p> +<p>‘Dere god!’ seyd Torrent nowe,</p> +<p>‘Leve folk<i>es</i>, what Eyllythe yow,</p> +<p class = "indent">Soo fast fore to flee?’</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and hears of the Giant.</span> +<p>‘There ys a gyante here be-syde, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line960" id = "line960">960</a></span></p> +<p>In ale thys covntre fare and wyde</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 92<i>b</i>.</span> +<p class = "indent">No mane on lyve levythe hee.’</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>951. <i>nome</i>] so <a href = "#fragV">F. V</a>; <i>none</i> MS.</p> + +<p>952. <i>come</i>] so <a href = "#fragV">F. V</a>; <i>gone</i> MS.</p> + +<p>958. <i>yow</i>] <i>nowe</i> add. (!) MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza84" id = "stanza84" href = "#notes_stz84"> +(84)</a></h5> + +<p>‘Dere god,’ sayd Torrant thane,</p> +<p>‘Where schall̴ I fynd that lo<i>th</i>ly man<sup>)</sup>?’</p> +<p class = "indent">Ther they answerd hym anone: +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line965" id = "line965">965</a></span></p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page35" id = "page35">35</a></span> +<p>‘In a castyll̴ be-syd the see,</p> +<p>Slongus, soo hyght hee,</p> +<p class = "indent">Many a man had he slone.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The Giant Slongus is in Hungary;</span> +<p>We wot will̴ wher he doth ly:</p> +<p>Be-fore the cyte of Hungry; +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line970" id = "line970">970</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">He will̴ not th<i>en</i>s gone,</p> +<p>Tyll̴ he haue the Ryche kyng<sup>)</sup></p> +<p>To hys p<i>re</i>sone for to bryngg,</p> +<p class = "indent">To be lord of hyme self a-lone.’</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>964. <i>lothly</i>] so Hall.; <i>lovely</i> MS.</p> + +<p>965. <i>anone</i>] so <a href = "#fragV">F. V</a>; <i>a geyne</i> +MS.</p> + +<p>968. <i>slone</i>] so <a href = "#fragV">F. V</a>; <i>slaylne</i> (!) +MS.</p> + +<p>969. <i>doth ly</i>] so <a href = "#fragV">F. V</a>; <i>ys</i> +MS.</p> + +<p>970. <i>cyte</i>] so <a href = "#fragV">F. V</a>; <i>knyghthod</i> +MS.<br /> +<i>Hungry</i>] so <a href = "#fragV">F. V</a>; <i>Hongrys</i> MS.</p> + +<p>971. <i>thens</i>] <i>thus</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT FINDS THE GIANT SLONGUS IN HUNGARY.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza85" id = "stanza85">(85)</a></h5> + +<p>Tho wold he no lenger<sup>)</sup> a-byd, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line975" id = "line975">975</a></span></p> +<p>But to the sytte gan he Ryde,</p> +<p class = "indent">As fast as he myght fare;</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +he has broken the City gates,</span> +<p>Here barys fell̴ and broke downe,</p> +<p>And the gatt<i>es</i> of gret Renowne</p> +<p class = "indent">Stondyng<sup>)</sup> all̴ baree. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line980" id = "line980">980</a></span></p> +<p>Men of armys stond hyme a-geyne,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and slain 50 men.</span> +<p>Mo than fyfty had he slayne</p> +<p class = "indent">W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> gryme woundd<i>es</i> and +sare.</p> +<p>When Torrent of hym had a syght,</p> +<p>Thowe Desonell̴ be neuyr<sup>)</sup> so bryght, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line985" id = "line985">985</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">He will Reue hym hys chaff<i>a</i>r<sup>)</sup>.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +986. <i>hym</i>] <i>m</i> corr. out of <i>s</i>. MS.<br /> +<i>chaffer</i> MS.</p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza86" id = "stanza86">(86)</a></h5> + +<p>Torrent in<sup>)</sup> the storrope stod</p> +<p>And p<i>ra</i>yd to god, þ<i>a</i>t dyed on Rode:</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent prays to Christ for help.</span> +<p class = "indent">‘Lord, ase thow schalt ale wyld at wyle,</p> +<p>Gyff me g<i>ra</i>ce to wyn the fyld, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line990" id = "line990">990</a></span></p> +<p>That thys <i>lothly</i> fynd hym yeld</p> +<p class = "indent">A-non to me tyll̴!</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page36" id = "page36">36</a></span> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 93<i>a</i>.</span> +<p>A man schall̴ But onnys Dyee,</p> +<p>I will̴ fyght, whill̴ I may Dryee.’</p> +<p class = "indent">He mad cher<sup>)</sup> nobyll̴. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line995" id = "line995">995</a></span></p> +<p>When he had I<i>es</i>u p<i>ra</i>yd of g<i>ra</i>ce,</p> +<p>He wyscheyd hyme a battell̴ plase,</p> +<p class = "indent">Ther as hym lyst we<i>ll</i>e.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>990. <i>wynd</i> (!) MS. <i>vndyr nethe spere and schyld</i> add. (!) +MS.</p> + +<p>991. <i>lothly</i>] om. MS.</p> + +<p>995. <i>nobill chere</i> MS.</p> + +<p>998. <i>welle</i>] <i>were</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT CHALLENGES THE GIANT SLONGUS.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza87" id = "stanza87" href = "#notes_stz87"> +(87)</a></h5> + +<p>Torrent hys spere a-say be-gane,</p> +<p>Bothe schyld and spere than<sup>)</sup>, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1000" id = "line1000">1000</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">That they were sekyr and good.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent blows his horn.</span> +<p>Aftyr þ<i>a</i>t, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> in a throwe,</p> +<p>Hys good horne gane he blowe.</p> +<p class = "indent">The gyant sawe, wher<sup>)</sup> he stodde:</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The Giant Slongus, of Flonthus,</span> +<p>Slong<i>es</i> of Flonthus staryd than<sup>)</sup>; +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1005" id = "line1005">1005</a></span></p> +<p>Quod Torrent: ‘Yf thow be a gentyll̴ man<sup>)</sup></p> +<p class = "indent">Or come of gentyll̴ blod,</p> +<p>Let thy beytyng and thy Ermyght be,</p> +<p>And come prove thy strenghe on me,</p> +<p class = "indent">Therfor I sowght the, be the Rodde.’ +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1010" id = "line1010">1010</a></span></p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +1008. <i>Let be thy b. a. t. erm.</i> MS.</p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza88" id = "stanza88">(88)</a></h5> + +<p>The gyant sayd: ‘Be the Roode,</p> +<p>Dewell̴ of hell̴ send the fode,</p> +<p class = "indent">Hether to seche me:</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +says he’ll wring Torrent’s nose.</span> +<p>By the nose I schall̴ the wryng,</p> +<p>Thow berdles gadlyng<sup>)</sup>, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1015" id = "line1015">1015</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">That all̴ hell̴ schall̴ thow see!’</p> +<p>The wey than to hym he toke</p> +<p>And on hys bake he bare a croke,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +His Crook is 13 ft. long.</span> +<p class = "indent">Wase X fot long and thre;</p> +<p>And thow he neu<i>er</i> so gret w<i>a</i>r<sup>)</sup>, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1020" id = "line1020">1020</a></span></p> +<p>Torrent thowght not fare to fare,</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 93<i>b</i>.</span> +<p class = "indent">Tyll̴ wone of them ded bee.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>1011. <i>sayd</i>] written above the line.</p> + +<p>1017. <i>he</i>] so <a href = "#fragVI">F. VI</a>; om. MS.</p> + +<p>1018. <i>he</i>] <i>her</i> MS.<br /> +<i>croke</i>] so <a href = "#fragVI">F. VI</a>; <i>creke</i> (!) MS.</p> + +<p>1020. <i>were</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page37" id = "page37">37</a></span> +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT SLAYS THE GIANT SLONGUS OF FLONTHUS.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza89" id = "stanza89" href = "#notes_stz89"> +(89)</a></h5> + +<p>Thoo wold Torrent no lenger<sup>)</sup> byd,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent charges,</span> +<p>Tyll̴ the theff gan he Ryde,</p> +<p class = "indent">Ase fast ase euyr<sup>)</sup> he may. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1025" id = "line1025">1025</a></span></p> +<p>The theff had non ey but on<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p>Soche sawe I neu<i>er</i> none,</p> +<p class = "indent"><i>Ne</i>yther<sup>)</sup> be nyght <i>nor</i> be +day.</p> +<p>Thurrow godd<i>es</i> helpe and sent Awsden<sup>)</sup></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +pierces the Giant’s eye,</span> +<p>The spere <i>throw ye and herne gan ren</i>. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1030" id = "line1030">1030</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">God send hym the Ryght wey;</p> +<p>Than the theff be-gane to Rore.</p> +<p>All̴ that in<sup>)</sup> the sytte wore,</p> +<p class = "indent">Ouyr<sup>)</sup> the wallys they laye.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>1024. <i>the</i>] <i>f</i> add. (!) MS.</p> + +<p>1028. <i>Blyther</i> (!) MS.<br /> +<i>nor</i>] so <a href = "#fragVI">F. VI</a>; <i>and</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1030. <i>throw—ren</i>] <i>anon he toke to hym</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1033. <i>wore</i>] so <a href = "#fragVI">F. VI</a>; <i>were</i> +MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza90" id = "stanza90">(90)</a></h5> + +<p>Thow the fynd<i>es</i> ey were owte, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1035" id = "line1035">1035</a></span></p> +<p>Fast he leyd hym a-bowte</p> +<p class = "indent">All̴ þ<i>a</i>t somyrr<i>es</i> nyght;</p> +<p>He set ys backe to an hyll̴,</p> +<p>That Torrent schuld not come hym tyll̴,</p> +<p class = "indent">So meche þ<i>a</i>t theff covd of fyght. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1040" id = "line1040">1040</a></span></p> +<p>He bled so sore, I vndyrstond,</p> +<p>Hys croke fell̴ owt of hys hond,</p> +<p class = "indent">Hys dethe to hyme ys dyght.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +then spears him thro’ the body,</span> +<p>Torrent to hyme Rane w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> a spere,</p> +<p>Thurrow the body he gan hym bere, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1045" id = "line1045">1045</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Thus helpe hym god of myght.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +1040. <i>þat</i>] þ<sup>e</sup> add. MS.</p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza91" id = "stanza91">(91)</a></h5> + +<p>All̴ that in<sup>)</sup> the sytte were,</p> +<p>Mad full̴ nobill̴ chere,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and kills him.</span> +<p class = "indent">That thys fynd wase Dedde.</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page38" id = "page38">38</a></span> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 94<i>a</i>.</span> +<p>Forthe they Ran w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> stavys of tre, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1050" id = "line1050">1050</a></span></p> +<p>Torrent seyd: ‘So mvt I the,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent preserves the Giant’s head.</span> +<p class = "indent">Kepe hole hys hed!</p> +<p>Yf yt be broke, so god me sped,</p> +<p>Yt ys wyll̴ the worse to lede.’</p> +<p class = "indent">They dyd ase <i>he</i> h<i>e</i>m +b<i>e</i>d<i>e</i>, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1055" id = "line1055">1055</a></span></p> +<p>Mo than thre hunderd on a throng</p> +<p>Yt ys solas Euyr<sup>)</sup> a-mong</p> +<p class = "indent">Whan that he was dede.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>1047. <i>That alle</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1054. <i>lede</i>] <i>Rede</i>, struck out and <i>lede</i> added in +paler ink.</p> + +<p>1055. <i>That seson they</i> MS.<br /> +<i>he hem</i>] <i>hyme</i> (!) MS.<br /> +<i>bede</i>] <i>bad</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1057 <i>put before</i> 1056 <ins class = "correction" title = +"printed in italics">MS.</ins></p> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT GOES TO THE CASTLE OF GIANT SLONGUS.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza92" id = "stanza92" href = "#notes_stz92"> +(92)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +The King of Calabria</span> +<p>Than<sup>)</sup> the kyng of Calaber ayen<sup>)</sup> hym went,</p> +<p>Torrent be the hond he hent, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1060" id = "line1060">1060</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">To the hall̴ he gan<sup>)</sup> hym lede</p> +<p>And comaundid squiers t<i>w</i>o,</p> +<p>Of h<i>ys</i> harnes for to do</p> +<p class = "indent">And cloth hym<sup>)</sup> in another wede.</p> +<p>Waytes on the wall̴ gan blowe, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1065" id = "line1065">1065</a></span></p> +<p>Knyghtis assemled on a Rowe,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +feasts him,</span> +<p class = "indent">And sith to the deyse they yede;</p> +<p>‘Sir,’ quod the kyng, ‘of whens are ye?’</p> +<p>‘Of Portingale, sir,’ said he,</p> +<p class = "indent">‘I com heder, to sech my de<i>de</i>.’ +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1070" id = "line1070">1070</a></span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>1062. <i>two</i>] <i>tho</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1063. <i>hys</i>] <i>her</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1070. <i>deth</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza93" id = "stanza93" href = "#notes_stz93"> +(93)</a></h5> + +<p>Full̴ curtesly the kyng gan say</p> +<p><i>To</i> Torrent on the oþ<i>ur</i>e day:</p> +<p class = "indent">‘Wyll̴ ye wend with me</p> +<p>A litull̴ here be-side to passe,</p> +<p>There as the Geaunt<i>es</i> dwelling was +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1075" id = "line1075">1075</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">His man<i>er</i> now for to see?’</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and takes him to the Giant’s Castle.</span> +<p>To the castell̴ gan<sup>)</sup> they gone,</p> +<p>Richer saw they never none,</p> +<p class = "indent">Better myght none be.</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page39" id = "page39">39</a></span> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The King of Calabria gives Torrent the Giant’s castle,</span> +<p>‘Sir,’ he said, ‘be god all̴-myȝt<sup>)</sup>, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1080" id = "line1080">1080</a></span></p> +<p>For thou hym<sup>)</sup> slew, þat it dight,</p> +<p class = "indent">I vouche it saue on the,</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>1072. <i>To T.</i>] <i>Torrent said</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1081. <i>it</i>] <i>is</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT HEARS THAT DESONELL IS TO WED A KING.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza94" id = "stanza94" href = "#notes_stz94"> +(94)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 94<i>b</i>.</span> +<p>‘I yeve <i>yt</i> the, s<i>ir</i>, of my <i>h</i>ond,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and an Earldom.</span> +<p>And there-to, an erledome of <i>my</i> lond,</p> +<p class = "indent">For soth, ye shall̴ it haue; +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1085" id = "line1085">1085</a></span></p> +<p>Omage thou shalte none <i>nor</i> ffyne,</p> +<p>But euer more to the and thyne,</p> +<p class = "indent">Frely, so god me saue!’</p> +<p>Lordys, and ye liston wold,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The Castle’s name is Cardon.</span> +<p>What was clepud the riche hold: +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1090" id = "line1090">1090</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">The castell̴ of Cardon<sup>)</sup>, <i>by +sawe</i>.</p> +<p>Two days or thre dwellith he th<i>a</i>re</p> +<p>And sith he takythe <i>leve</i> to ffare,</p> +<p class = "indent">Both at knyght and knave.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>1083. <i>yt</i>] om. MS.<br /> +<i>of</i>] <i>alle</i> add. MS.<br /> +<i>hond</i>] <i>lond</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1084. <i>my</i>] om. MS.</p> + +<p>1086. <i>nor</i>] om. MS.</p> + +<p>1091. <i>by s.</i>] om. MS.</p> + +<p>1092. <i>there</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza95" id = "stanza95" href = "#notes_stz95"> +(95)</a></h5> + +<p>By the kyng of P<i>er</i>vens he gan gane, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1095" id = "line1095">1095</a></span></p> +<p>That he had oute <i>of preson</i> i-tane</p> +<p class = "indent">His son vppon a day.</p> +<p>Gentilmen were blith and ffayn<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p>That he in helth was comyn<sup>)</sup> agayn<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p class = "indent">That they myght with hym<sup>)</sup> play. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1100" id = "line1100">1100</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent hears that Desonell is to marry a strange King.</span> +<p>There of herd he, s<i>er</i>tayn<i>le</i>,</p> +<p>That Desonell̴ wedid shold be</p> +<p class = "indent">With an vncouth Ray.</p> +<p>And listonyth, lordis, of a chaunce,</p> +<p>Howe he lefte his countenaunce +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1105" id = "line1105">1105</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">And takyth hym<sup>)</sup> armes gay!</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>1098. <i>leve</i>] <i>the way</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1096. <i>of preson</i>] om. MS.</p> + +<p>1101. <i>sertayn</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1103. <i>vnc.</i>] <i>a</i> add. MS.</p> +</div> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page40" id = "page40">40</a></span> +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT IS KNIGHTED. DESONELL IS MARRIED.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza96" id = "stanza96" href = "#notes_stz96"> +(96)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +The King of Provyns knights Torrent.</span> +<p>By-fore the kyng he fell̴ on kne:</p> +<p>‘Good lord,’ he said, ‘for charite,</p> +<p class = "indent">Yeve me order of knyght!</p> +<p>I wott well̴, leryd are ye, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1110" id = "line1110">1110</a></span></p> +<p>My lordys doughter shall̴ wed be</p> +<p class = "indent">To a man<sup>)</sup> off myght.’</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 95<i>a</i>.</span> +<p>‘Sir,’ he said, ‘I trow, she mone</p> +<p>To the prynce off Aragon<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p class = "indent">By this day sevynnyght. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1115" id = "line1115">1115</a></span></p> +<p>Swith,’ he seith, ‘that this be done,</p> +<p>That thou be there and wyn<sup>)</sup> thy shone,</p> +<p class = "indent">Gete the armes bryght.’</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>1110. <i>ye are leryd</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1111. <i>be wed</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1115 and 1118 have changed their place in the MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza97" id = "stanza97" href = "#notes_stz97"> +(97)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent has</span> +<p>Sir Torrent ordenyth hym a sheld,</p> +<p>It was ryche in euery ffeld, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1120" id = "line1120">1120</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Listonyth, what he bare:</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +an azure shield with a gold squire on it;</span> +<p>O<i>n</i> aȝure a squier off gold,</p> +<p>Richely bett on mold;</p> +<p class = "indent">Listonyth, what he ware:</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and a grinning dragon of gold on the crest of his helmet.</span> +<p>A dragon<sup>)</sup> lying hym be-syde, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1125" id = "line1125">1125</a></span></p> +<p>His mouth grennyng full̴ wyde,</p> +<p class = "indent">All̴ ffyghtyng as they were;</p> +<p>The creste, that on his hede shold stond,</p> +<p>Hit was all̴ gold shynand,</p> +<p class = "indent">Thus previd he hym<sup>)</sup> there. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1130" id = "line1130">1130</a></span></p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +1122. <i>On</i>] <i>of</i> MS.</p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza98" id = "stanza98" href = "#notes_stz98"> +(98)</a></h5> + +<p>Lordys assembelid in sale,</p> +<p>Well̴ mo than I haue in tale,</p> +<p class = "indent">Or ellis gret wonder were.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +He hears that Desonell’s marriage is certain.</span> +<p>There herd <i>he</i> tell̴ ffor certan<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p>That Desonell̴ wed shold be than<sup>)</sup>, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1135" id = "line1135">1135</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">That was hym selfe ffull̴ dere.</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page41" id = "page41">41</a></span> +<p>And whan<sup>)</sup> he herd of that ffare,</p> +<p>Wors tydingis than were thare,</p> +<p class = "indent">Might he none gladly here<span class = "dots"> . . . +. . . .</span></p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +1134. <i>he</i>] <i>l</i> MS.</p> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT CHALLENGES THE PRINCE OF ARAGON.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza99" id = "stanza99" href = "#notes_stz99"> +(99)</a></h5> + +<p>He wold not in passe, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1140" id = "line1140">1140</a></span></p> +<p>Till̴ <i>at</i> the myd mete was</p> +<p class = "indent">The kyng and meny a knyght;</p> +<p>As they satt at theyre <i>mete</i> glade,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent rides into the Hall where Desonell is,</span> +<p>In at the hall̴ dur <i>he</i> rade</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 95<i>b</i>.</span> +<p class = "indent">In armes ffeyre and bryght, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1145" id = "line1145">1145</a></span></p> +<p>With a squier, that is ffre;</p> +<p>Vp to the lady ryduth he,</p> +<p class = "indent">That rychely was i-dight.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and challenges any one to fight him for her.</span> +<p>‘Lordys,’ he said, ‘among you all̴</p> +<p>I chalenge thre coursus in the hall̴, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1150" id = "line1150">1150</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent"><i>Or</i> Delyuer <i>her</i> me with right!’</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>1141. <i>at</i>] om. MS.</p> + +<p>1143. <i>mete</i>] om. MS.</p> + +<p>1144. <i>he</i>] <i>they</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1151. <i>Delyuer it me</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza100" id = "stanza100" href = "#notes_stz100"> +(100)</a></h5> + +<p>The kyng of Aragon<sup>)</sup> sett her bye,</p> +<p>And he defendid her nobely:</p> +<p class = "indent">‘I wyll̴ none delyu<i>er</i> the.’</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The Prince of Aragon accepts,</span> +<p>His son said: ‘So muste I thryve, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1155" id = "line1155">1155</a></span></p> +<p>There shall̴ no man just for my wiffe;</p> +<p class = "indent">But yf youre wyll̴ it be,</p> +<p>For her love did I never no dede,</p> +<p>I shall̴ to day, so god me spede:</p> +<p class = "indent">Be-hold and ye shall̴ se.’ +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1160" id = "line1160">1160</a></span></p> +<p>‘Alas!’ said Desonell̴ the dere,</p> +<p>‘Full̴ longe may I sitt here,</p> +<p class = "indent">Or Torrent chalenge me.’</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza101" id = "stanza101" href = "#notes_stz101"> +(101)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +and the lists are made ready.</span> +<p>Trumpett<i>es</i> blew in the prese,</p> +<p>Lordys stond on <i>the grese</i>, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1165" id = "line1165">1165</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Ladyes lay ou<i>er</i> and be-held.</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page42" id = "page42">42</a></span> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent</span> +<p>The prynce and Torrent th<i>e</i>n</p> +<p>Eyther to other gan ren<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p class = "indent">Smertely in that ffeld;</p> +<p>Torrent sett on hym<sup>)</sup> so sore, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1170" id = "line1170">1170</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +unhorses the Prince of Aragon,</span> +<p>That hors and man down<sup>)</sup> he bore,</p> +<p class = "indent">And all̴ to-sheverd his sheld.</p> +<p>So they tombelid all̴ in ffere,</p> +<p>That afterward of VII yere</p> +<p class = "indent">The prynce none armes myght weld. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1175" id = "line1175">1175</a></span></p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +1165. <i>the grese</i>] <i>reugis</i> or <i>rengis</i> MS.</p> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT BEATS THE PRINCE OF ARAGON.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza102" id = "stanza102" href = "#notes_stz102"> +(102)</a></h5> + +<p>Torrent said: ‘So god me saue,</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 96<i>a</i>.</span> +<p>Other two coursus wyll̴ I haue,</p> +<p class = "indent">Yf ye do me law of lond.’</p> +<p>Gret lordys stond styll̴,</p> +<p>They said nether good ne yll̴ +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1180" id = "line1180">1180</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">For tynding of his hond.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and he is carried indoors.</span> +<p>The prynce of Aragon<sup>)</sup> in they barr<sup>)</sup></p> +<p>With litull̴ worshipp and sydes sare,</p> +<p class = "indent">He had no fote on ffor to stond.</p> +<p>Thus thes lordys justid aye; +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1185" id = "line1185">1185</a></span></p> +<p>Better <i>they</i> had to haue be away,</p> +<p class = "indent">Suche comffort there he ffond.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>1167. <i>than</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1186. <i>they</i>] <i>he</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1187. <i>ffound</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza103" id = "stanza103" href = "#notes_stz103"> +(103)</a></h5> + +<p>He wold not in passe,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +At dinner,</span> +<p>Till̴ they at myd mete was,</p> +<p class = "indent">On the other day at none. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1190" id = "line1190">1190</a></span></p> +<p>His squiers habite he had,</p> +<p>Whan<sup>)</sup> he to the deyse yad,</p> +<p class = "indent">With oute couped shone,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent lays Slongus’s head on the table.</span> +<p>And the hede on<sup>)</sup> the bord he laid:</p> +<p>‘Lo, s<i>ir</i> kyng, hold this,’ he said, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1195" id = "line1195">1195</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">‘Or ellis wroth we anon<sup>)</sup>!’</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page43" id = "page43">43</a></span> +<p>They sett still̴ at the bord,</p> +<p>None of hem spake one word,</p> +<p class = "indent">But ryght that he had done.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +1198. <i>They spake nether ylle ne good</i> add. (!) MS.</p> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT CLAIMS DESONELL, AND HALF PORTUGAL.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza104" id = "stanza104" href = "#notes_stz104"> +(104)</a></h5> + +<p>Torrent at the syde bord stode: +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1200" id = "line1200">1200</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent proclaims the promise of the King of Portugal</span> +<p>‘Lystonyth, lordyng<i>es</i>, gentill̴ of blood,</p> +<p class = "indent">For the love of god all̴-myght:</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +to give him Desonell, and half Portugal, if he slew Slongus.</span> +<p>The kyng heyght me his doughter dere,</p> +<p>To ffyght with a ffendys ffere,</p> +<p class = "indent">That wekyd was and wight, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1205" id = "line1205">1205</a></span></p> +<p>To wed her to my wyffe,</p> +<p>And halffe his kyngdome be his liffe,</p> +<p class = "indent">And after his days all̴ his ryght.</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 96<i>b</i>.</span> +<p>Lokyth, lordys, you among, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1210]</span></p> +<p>Whether he do me ryght or wrong!’ +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1210" id = "line1210">1210</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Tho waried hym<sup>)</sup> both kyng & +knyght.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +1211. <i>&</i>] <i>ky</i>, struck out, add. MS.</p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza105" id = "stanza105">(105)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +The King of Aragon</span> +<p>Tho said the kyng of Aragon, i-wys:</p> +<p>‘Torrent, I wiste no thing of thys,</p> +<p class = "indent">A gret maister arte thou!’</p> +<p>The kyng sware be seynt Gryffen<sup>)</sup>: +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1215" id = "line1215">1215</a></span></p> +<p>‘With a sword thou shalte her wynne,</p> +<p class = "indent">Or thou haue her nowe:</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +says his son has wedded Desonell.</span> +<p>For why, my son to her was wed,</p> +<p>Gret lordys to churche her led, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1220]</span></p> +<p class = "indent">I take wittnes of all̴ you.’ +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1220" id = "line1220">1220</a></span></p> +<p>‘Kyng Calamond, haue good day,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +He will be revenged on the King of Portugal.</span> +<p>Thou shalt i-bye it, and I may,</p> +<p class = "indent">To god I make avowe.’</p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +1220. <i>you alle</i> MS.</p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza106" id = "stanza106" href = "#notes_stz106"> +(106)</a></h5> + +<p>The Emp<i>er</i>oure of Rome ther was,</p> +<p>Be-twene thes kyng<i>es</i> gan<sup>)</sup> he passe +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1225" id = "line1225">1225</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">And said: ‘Lordys, as sone,</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page44" id = "page44">44</a></span> +<span class = "sidenote"> +To settle the quarrel,</span> +<p>This squier, that hath brought this hede,</p> +<p>The kyng had wend he had be dede,</p> +<p class = "indent">And a-venturly gan<sup>)</sup> he gone: +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1230]</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +the Emperor suggests a fight between 2 Champions.</span> +<p>I rede you take a day of <i>ryghtes</i>, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1230" id = "line1230">1230</a></span></p> +<p>And do it vppon<sup>)</sup> two knyght<i>es</i>,</p> +<p class = "indent">And let no man<sup>)</sup> be +sl<i>o</i>n<sup>)</sup>!’</p> +<p>Gret lordys, that were thare,</p> +<p>This talis lovid at that fare</p> +<p class = "indent">And ordenyd tha<i>t</i> anon<sup>)</sup>. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1235" id = "line1235">1235</a></span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>1230. <i>ryghtes</i>] <i>Restys</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1232. <i>slayn</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1235. <i>that</i>] <i>than</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT IS TO FIGHT THE GIANT CATE.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza107" id = "stanza107">(107)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +The King of Aragon sends to the giant Cate</span> +<p>To the kyng <i>the thoght</i> com<sup>)</sup> was,</p> +<p>To send vnto Sathanas</p> +<p class = "indent">For a geaunt, that hight Cate,</p> +<p>For to make hym<sup>)</sup> knyght to his hond +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1240]</span></p> +<p>And sease hym<sup>)</sup> in all̴ his lond; +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1240" id = "line1240">1240</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 97<i>a</i>.</span> +<p class = "indent">The messingere toke the gate.</p> +<p>Gret othes he sware hym than<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p>That he shold ffyght but w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> one man<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p class = "indent">And purvey hym he bad</p> +<p>Iryn stavis two or thre, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1245" id = "line1245">1245</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +to fight Torrent</span> +<p>For to ffyght with Torent ffre,</p> +<p class = "indent">Though he there of ne w<i>a</i>tt.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>1236. <i>the thoght</i> om. MS.</p> + +<p>1247. <i>wott</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza108" id = "stanza108">(108)</a></h5> + +<p>Than take counsell̴ kyng and knyght,</p> +<p>On lond that he shold not ffyght, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1250]</span></p> +<p class = "indent">But ffar oute in the see, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1250" id = "line1250">1250</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +on an island</span> +<p>In an yle long and br<i>a</i>d;</p> +<p>A gret payn<sup>)</sup> there was made,</p> +<p class = "indent">That holdyn<sup>)</sup> shold it be.</p> +<p>Yf Cate slow Torent, that ffre ys,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +for half Portugal.</span> +<p>Halfe Portyngale shold be his, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1255" id = "line1255">1255</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">To spend with dedys ffre;</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page45" id = "page45">45</a></span> +<p>And yf s<i>ir</i> Torrent myght hym ou<i>er</i>-com<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p>He shold haue halfe Aragon<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p class = "indent">Was better than suche thre. +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1260]</span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>1248. <i>couns.</i>] <i>of</i> add. MS.</p> + +<p>1251. <i>brod</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +THE GIANT CATE, AND TORRENT, GO TO THE ISLAND.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza109" id = "stanza109" href = "#notes_stz109"> +(109)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +The Giant Cate comes to an Island.</span> +<p>The Gyaunt shipped in a while +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1260" id = "line1260">1260</a></span></p> +<p>And sett hym<sup>)</sup> oute in an yle,</p> +<p class = "indent">That was grow both grene and gay.</p> +<p>Sir Torrent com<sup>)</sup> prekand on a stede,</p> +<p>Richely armed in his wede;</p> +<p class = "indent">‘Lordyngys,’ gan he say, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1265" id = "line1265">1265</a></span></p> +<p>‘It is semely ffor a knyght,</p> +<p>Vppon a stede ffor to ffyght.’</p> +<p class = "indent">They said sone: ‘Nay,</p> +<p>He is so hevy, he can not ryde. +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1270]</span></p> +<p>Torrent said: ‘Evill̴ mut he be-tyde, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1270" id = "line1270">1270</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Falshode, woo worth it aye!’</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza110" id = "stanza110">(110)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 97<i>b</i>.</span> +<p>‘Sir, takyth housell̴ and shrefte!’</p> +<p>To god he did his hondys lifte,</p> +<p class = "indent">And thankid hym of his sond:</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent prays for Christ’s help,</span> +<p>‘I<i>es</i>u Cryste, I the praye, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1275" id = "line1275">1275</a></span></p> +<p>Send me myght and strengith this day</p> +<p class = "indent">A-yen<sup>)</sup> the ffend to stond!’</p> +<p>To the shipp s<i>ir</i> Torent went,</p> +<p>With the grace, god had hym sent, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1280]</span></p> +<p class = "indent">That was never ffayland; +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1280" id = "line1280">1280</a></span></p> +<p>All̴ the lordys of that contre,</p> +<p>Frome Rome vnto the Grekys se,</p> +<p class = "indent">Stode and be-held on lond.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>1278. This line begins with a big initial letter.<br /> +<i>Torent</i>] <i>yode</i>, struck out, add. MS.</p> + +<p>1283. <i>On lond stode and be held</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza111" id = "stanza111">(111)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +and lands in the Island too.</span> +<p>Whan s<i>ir</i> Torrent in to the Ile was brought,</p> +<p>The shipmen<sup>)</sup> lenger wold tary nought, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1285" id = "line1285">1285</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">But hied hem sone ageyn<sup>)</sup>;</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page46" id = "page46">46</a></span> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The Giant</span> +<p>The Giaunt said: ‘So must I the,</p> +<p>Sir, thou art welcom to me,</p> +<p class = "indent">Thy deth is not to layn<sup>)</sup>!’ +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1290]</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +knocks Torrent’s staff out of his hand,</span> +<p>The ffirste stroke to hym he yaue, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1290" id = "line1290">1290</a></span></p> +<p>Oute of his hand flew his staff:</p> +<p class = "indent">That thefe was full̴ fayn<sup>)</sup>.</p> +<p>Tho s<i>ir</i> Torent went nere Cate,<span class = "dots"> . . . . +.</span></p> +<p class = "indent">He thought, he wold hym<sup>)</sup> haue +slayn<sup>)</sup>.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT KILLS THE GIANT CATE WITH COBBLE-STONES.</span></p> + + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza112" id = "stanza112">(112)</a></h5> + +<p>The theff couth no better wonne, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1295" id = "line1295">1295</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and runs into the sea.</span> +<p>In to the see rennyth he sone,</p> +<p class = "indent">As faste as he myght ffare.</p> +<p>Sir Torrent gaderid cobled stonys, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1300]</span></p> +<p>Good and handsom ffor the nonys,</p> +<p class = "indent">That good and round w<i>a</i>re; +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1300" id = "line1300">1300</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent shies cobble-stones at him,</span> +<p>Meny of them to hym<sup>)</sup> he caste,</p> +<p>He threw stonys on hym so faste,</p> +<p class = "indent">That he was sad and s<i>a</i>re.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +kills him,</span> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 98<i>a</i>.</span> +<p>To the ground he did hym fell̴,</p> +<p>Men<sup>)</sup> myght here the fend yell̴ +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1305" id = "line1305">1305</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Halfe a myle and m<i>a</i>re.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>1298. <i>gad.</i>] <i>good</i> add. MS.</p> + +<p>1300. <i>were</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1303. <i>sore</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1306. <i>more</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza113" id = "stanza113" href = "#notes_stz113"> +(113)</a></h5> + +<p>Sir Torent said, as he was wonne,</p> +<p>He thankid I<i>es</i>u, Maryes son<sup>)</sup>, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1310]</span></p> +<p class = "indent">That kyng, that sent hym myȝt<sup>)</sup>;</p> +<p>He said: ‘Lordys, for charite, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1310" id = "line1310">1310</a></span></p> +<p>A bote that ye send to me,</p> +<p class = "indent">It is nere hand nyght!’</p> +<p>They Reysed a gale w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> a sayll̴,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and he is towd ashore.</span> +<p>The Geaunt to lond for to trayll̴,</p> +<p class = "indent">All̴ men wonderid on that wight. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1315" id = "line1315">1315</a></span></p> +<p>Whan that they had so done,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent is shipt to the mainland.</span> +<p>They went to s<i>ir</i> Torent full̴ sone</p> +<p class = "indent">And shipped that comly knyght. +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1320]</span></p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page47" id = "page47">47</a></span> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT WINS DESONELL, LANDS, AND A CITY.</span></p> + + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza114" id = "stanza114">(114)</a></h5> + +<p>The emp<i>er</i>oure of Rome was there,</p> +<p><i>The kynges</i> of P<i>er</i>vens and of Calabere yare, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1320" id = "line1320">1320</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">And other two or thre.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent is awarded Desonell, territory,</span> +<p>They yaue s<i>ir</i> Torent, that he wan,</p> +<p>Both the Erth and the woman<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p class = "indent">And said, well̴ worthy was he.</p> +<p>Sir Torent had in Aragon<sup>)</sup> +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1325" id = "line1325">1325</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and the City of Cargon.</span> +<p>The riche Cite of Cargon<sup>)</sup></p> +<p class = "indent">And all̴ that riche contre;</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Desonell is divorst from the Prince of Aragon.</span> +<p>Archbeshoppes, as the law fell̴, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1330]</span></p> +<p>Dep<i>ar</i>tid the prynce and Dissonell̴</p> +<p class = "indent">With gret solempnite. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1330" id = "line1330">1330</a></span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>1320. <i>The kynges</i>] om. MS.</p> + +<p>1321. <i>other</i>] <i>kynges</i> add. MS.<br /> +<i>or</i>] <i>the</i> add. MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza115" id = "stanza115" href = "#notes_stz115"> +(115)</a></h5> + +<p>For s<i>ir</i> Torent the fend did fall̴,</p> +<p>Gret lordys honoured hym<sup>)</sup> all̴</p> +<p class = "indent">And for a doughty knyght hym<sup>)</sup> tase;</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The King of Portugal acknowledges Torrent,</span> +<p>The kyng said: ‘I vnderstond,</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 98<i>b</i>.</span> +<p>Thou hast fought ffor my dought<i>er</i> & my lond, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1335" id = "line1335">1335</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">And well̴ wonne her thou hase.’</p> +<p>He gaue to s<i>aint</i> Nycholas de Barr<sup>)</sup></p> +<p>A grett Erldome and a <i>si</i>marr<sup>)</sup> +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1340]</span></p> +<p class = "indent">That abbey of hym <i>tas</i></p> +<p>For I<i>es</i>us love, moch of myght, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1340" id = "line1340">1340</a></span></p> +<p>That hym helpith day & nyght,</p> +<p class = "indent">Whan<sup>)</sup> he to the battell̴ <i>gas</i>.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>1337. <i>saint</i>] <i>sir</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1338. <i>simarr<b>e</b></i>] <i>marr</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1339. <i>tas</i>] <i>redith</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1342. <i>gas</i>] <i>yode</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza116" id = "stanza116" href = "#notes_stz116"> +(116)</a></h5> + +<p>Lordys than<sup>)</sup> at the laste,</p> +<p>Echone on theyre way paste,</p> +<p class = "indent">And euery man<sup>)</sup> to his. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1345" id = "line1345">1345</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and the Queen is glad.</span> +<p>The quene of Portingale was ffayn<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p>That s<i>ir</i> Torent was com agayn<sup>)</sup></p> +<p class = "indent">And thankyd god of this. +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1350]</span></p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page48" id = "page48">48</a></span> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The King of Portugal bids Torrent</span> +<p>Than said the kyng: ‘I vnderstond,</p> +<p>Thou hast fought for my dought<i>er</i> & my lond, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1350" id = "line1350">1350</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">And art my ward, i-wys,</p> +<p>And I wyll̴ not ageyn<sup>)</sup> the say;</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +wait 6 months and a day for Desonell.</span> +<p>But abyde halfe yere and a day,</p> +<p class = "indent">And broke her well̴ with blis!’</p> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT BEGETS TWINS ON DESONELL.</span></p> + + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza117" id = "stanza117" href = "#notes_stz117"> +(117)</a></h5> + +<p>Torent said: ‘So muste I the, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1355" id = "line1355">1355</a></span></p> +<p>Sith it wyll̴ no better be,</p> +<p class = "indent">I cord with that assent!’</p> +<p>After mete, as I you tell̴, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1360]</span></p> +<p>To speke with mayden<sup>)</sup> Desonell̴,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent</span> +<p class = "indent">To her chamber he went. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1360" id = "line1360">1360</a></span></p> +<p>The damysell̴ so moche of pride</p> +<p>Set hym on<sup>)</sup> her bed-syde,</p> +<p class = "indent">And said: ‘Welcom<sup>)</sup>, verament!’</p> +<p>Such gestenyng he a-right,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +passes a night with Desonell.</span> +<p>That there he dwellid all̴ nyȝt<sup>)</sup> +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1365" id = "line1365">1365</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 99<i>a</i>.</span> +<p class = "indent">With that lady gent.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza118" id = "stanza118" href = "#notes_stz118"> +(118)</a></h5> + +<p>Sir Torent dwellid thare</p> +<p>Twelffe wekys and mare, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1370]</span></p> +<p class = "indent">Till̴ letters com hym till̴</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The King of Norway begs</span> +<p>Fro the kyng of Norway; +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1370" id = "line1370">1370</a></span></p> +<p>For I<i>es</i>us love he did hym p<i>r</i>aye,</p> +<p class = "indent">Yf it were his wyll̴,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +him to come and fight a Giant there.</span> +<p>He shold com as a doughty knyght,</p> +<p>With a Geaunt for to ffyght,</p> +<p class = "indent">That wyll̴ his londys spyll̴; +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1375" id = "line1375">1375</a></span></p> +<p>He wold hym yeve his doughter dere</p> +<p>And halfe Norway ffar and nere,</p> +<p class = "indent">Both be hold and be hyll̴. +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1380]</span></p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page49" id = "page49">49</a></span> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT SAILS TO FIGHT A NORWEGIAN GIANT.</span></p> + + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza119" id = "stanza119" href = "#notes_stz119"> +(119)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent</span> +<p>Sir Torent said: ‘So god me saue,</p> +<p>I-nough to lyve vppon I haue, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1380" id = "line1380">1380</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">I wyll̴ desire no more;</p> +<p>But it be, for I<i>es</i>u is sake</p> +<p>A poynt of armes for to take,</p> +<p class = "indent">That hath helpid me be-ffore.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +gives all his land to the King for Desonell;</span> +<p>I yeve the here oute of my hond +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1385" id = "line1385">1385</a></span></p> +<p>To thy doughter all̴ my lond,</p> +<p class = "indent">Yf that I end th<i>o</i>re.’</p> +<p>And whan<sup>)</sup> he toke his way to passe, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1390]</span></p> +<p>Mo than ffyfty with hym was,</p> +<p class = "indent">That fals to hym<sup>)</sup> w<i>o</i>re. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1390" id = "line1390">1390</a></span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>1387. <i>there</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1390. <i>were</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza120" id = "stanza120" href = "#notes_stz120"> +(120)</a></h5> + +<p><b>S</b>yr Torent to the lady went,</p> +<p>Full̴ curtesly and gent:<span class = "dots"> . . . . .</span></p> +<p>‘Desonell̴, haue good day!</p> +<p>I muste now on my jurnay,</p> +<p class = "indent">A kyngis lond for to fend. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1395" id = "line1395">1395</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +leaves 2 gold rings with her,</span> +<p>Thes gold ryng<i>es</i> I shall̴ yeve the,</p> +<p>Kepe <i>them</i> well̴, my lady ffre,</p> +<p class = "indent">Yf god a child vs send!’ +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1400]</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 99<i>b</i>.</span> +<p>She toke the ryngis with moche care,</p> +<p>Thries in sownyng fell̴ she thare, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1400" id = "line1400">1400</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Whan she saw, that he wold wend.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>1393. <i>Denoselle</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1397. <i>them</i>] om. MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza121" id = "stanza121">(121)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +and goes on board ship with his steed and armour.</span> +<p>Shipp and takyll̴ they dight,</p> +<p>Stede and armo<i>ur</i> ffor to ffyght</p> +<p class = "indent">To the bote they bare.</p> +<p>Gentilmen<sup>)</sup>, that were hend, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1405" id = "line1405">1405</a></span></p> +<p>Toke her leve at theyre frend,</p> +<p class = "indent">With hym ffor to fare.</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page50" id = "page50">50</a></span> +<p>Kyng Colomond, is not to layn<sup>)</sup>, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1410]</span></p> +<p>He wold, that he cam nev<i>ur</i>e agayn<sup>)</sup>;</p> +<p class = "indent">There fore god yeff hym<sup>)</sup> care! +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1410" id = "line1410">1410</a></span></p> +<p>So within the ffyfty dayes</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent gets to Norway.</span> +<p>He Come in to the lond of Norways,</p> +<p class = "indent">Hard Contre ffound he thare.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT REACHES NORWAY, AND HEARS OF A GIANT.</span></p> + + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza122" id = "stanza122">(122)</a></h5> + +<p>Thus s<i>ir</i> Torrent, for soth, is fare,</p> +<p>A noble wynd droffe hym<sup>)</sup> thare, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1415" id = "line1415">1415</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Was blowyng oute of the weste.</p> +<p>Of the Coste of Norway they had a sight<span class = "dots"> . . +.</span> +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1419]</span></p> +<p class = "indent">Of sayling they were all̴ preste.</p> +<p>So ffeyre a wynd had the knyght,</p> +<p>A litull̴ be-ffore the mydnyght +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1420" id = "line1420">1420</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">He Rode be a foreste.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The shipmen tell him of a Giant.</span> +<p>The shipmen said: ‘We be shent;</p> +<p>Here dwellith a geaunt, verament,</p> +<p class = "indent">On his lond are we <i>kest</i>!’</p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +1424. <i>kest</i>] <i>sett</i> MS.</p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza123" id = "stanza123">(123)</a></h5> + +<p>The maistershipm<i>o</i>n<sup>)</sup> said: ‘Nowe +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1425" id = "line1425">1425</a></span></p> +<p>I Rede, we take down<sup>)</sup> sayle & Rowe,</p> +<p class = "indent">While we haue this tyde. +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1430]</span></p> +<p>Sir,’ he said, ‘be god all̴myght,</p> +<p>The giant lieth euery nyght</p> +<p class = "indent">On<sup>)</sup> the mowntayn<sup>)</sup> here +be-syde; +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1430" id = "line1430">1430</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 100<i>a</i>.</span> +<p>My lord the kyng wyll̴ not ffyght,</p> +<p>Till̴ he of you haue a sight,</p> +<p class = "indent">On you ys all̴ his pryde!’</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent resolves to land.</span> +<p>Sir Torrent said: ‘Here my hond!</p> +<p>Sith we be ryven on this lond, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1435" id = "line1435">1435</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">To nyght wyll̴ I ryde.’</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>1425. <i>maistershipmen</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1429. <i>lieth</i>] <i>here</i> add. MS.</p> + +<p>1434. <i>Torerent</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page51" id = "page51">51</a></span> +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT LANDS IN THE FOREST OF BRASILL.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza124" id = "stanza124" href = "#notes_stz124"> +(124)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent and his knights arm.</span> +<p>Sir Torent armyd hym<sup>)</sup> anon +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1440]</span></p> +<p>And his knyght<i>es</i> euerychone</p> +<p class = "indent">With sheld and spere in hond.</p> +<p>The shipmen<sup>)</sup> said: ‘As mut I thryve, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1440" id = "line1440">1440</a></span></p> +<p>I Rede, that euery man<sup>)</sup> other shryve,</p> +<p class = "indent">Or that we go to the lond.’</p> +<p>Sir Torent said: ‘As god me spede,</p> +<p>We will̴ firste se that ffede,</p> +<p class = "indent">My lord was never f<i>ail</i>and! +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1445" id = "line1445">1445</a></span></p> +<p>Gentilmen, ma<i>k</i>e chere good,</p> +<p>For I<i>es</i>u love, that died on Rood, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1450]</span></p> +<p class = "indent">He will̴ be oure waraunt!’</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>1445. <i>fleand</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1446. <i>make</i>] <i>made</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza125" id = "stanza125">(125)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +They reach the Forest of Brasill.</span> +<p>In a forest can<sup>)</sup> they passe,</p> +<p>Of Brasill̴, saith the boke, it was, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1450" id = "line1450">1450</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">With bowes brod and wyde.</p> +<p>Lyons and berys there they ff<i>a</i>nd</p> +<p>And wyld best<i>es</i> aboute goand,</p> +<p class = "indent">Reysing on euery side.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The coward knights flee to the ship,</span> +<p>Thes men<sup>)</sup> of armes, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> trayn<sup>)</sup> +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1455" id = "line1455">1455</a></span></p> +<p>To the shipp they flew agayn<sup>)</sup></p> +<p class = "indent">In to the see at that tyde; +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1460]</span></p> +<p>Fast from land row they be-gan<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and leave Torrent alone.</span> +<p>A-bove they left that gentilman<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p class = "indent">With wyld beestis to haue kyde. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1460" id = "line1460">1460</a></span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>1451. <i>bowes</i>] <i>browes</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1452. <i>ffound</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1460. <i>k</i> corrected out of <i>r</i>.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza126" id = "stanza126" href = "#notes_stz126"> +(126)</a></h5> + +<p>The shipmen<sup>)</sup> of the same lond</p> +<p>Ryved vp, I vnderstond,</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 100<i>b</i>.</span> +<p class = "indent">In another lond off hold.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +False tales of Torrent are told to the King of Norway.</span> +<p>To the chamber they toke the way,</p> +<p>There the kyng hym<sup>)</sup> selfe lay, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1465" id = "line1465">1465</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">And fals talis hym<sup>)</sup> told<span class = +"dots"> . . . . . .</span></p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page52" id = "page52">52</a></span> +<p>For he wold not the geaunt abyde, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1470]</span></p> +<p>For all̴ this contrey feyre and wyde,</p> +<p class = "indent">Thouȝ he yeff it hym wold.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +1465 put before 1464 MS.</p> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT COMES ON 2 DRAGONS IN A VALLEY.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza127" id = "stanza127">(127)</a></h5> + +<p>‘Sir kyng, ye haue youre selfe +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1470" id = "line1470">1470</a></span></p> +<p>Erlis <i>doughty be</i> ten<sup>)</sup> or twelfe,</p> +<p class = "indent">Better know I none:</p> +<p>Send youre messingeris ffar and wyde,</p> +<p>For to ffell̴ the geaunt<i>es</i> pride,</p> +<p class = "indent">That youre doughter hath tane.’ +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1475" id = "line1475">1475</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The King of Norway wants Torrent to come.</span> +<p>‘I had lever to haue that knyght;</p> +<p>With hym<sup>)</sup> is grace of god all̴myȝt<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p class = "indent">To be here at his bane.’ +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1480]</span></p> +<p>Full̴ litull̴ wist that riche kyng</p> +<p>Of s<i>ir</i> Torrent<i>es</i> ryding +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1480" id = "line1480">1480</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">In the forest all̴ alone.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>1471. <i>doughty be</i>] om. MS.</p> + +<p>1476. <i>that</i>] <i>ky</i>, struck out, add. MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza128" id = "stanza128">(128)</a></h5> + +<p>Thorouȝ helpe of god that w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> hym was,</p> +<p>Fro the wyld bestis gan<sup>)</sup> he passe</p> +<p class = "indent">To an hye hyll̴.</p> +<p>A litull̴ while be-fore the day +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1485" id = "line1485">1485</a></span></p> +<p>He herd in a valey</p> +<p class = "indent">A dynnyng and a yell̴. +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1490]</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent rides up to 2 Dragons.</span> +<p>Theder than<sup>)</sup> riduth he,</p> +<p>To loke, what thing it myȝt be,</p> +<p class = "indent">What adventure tha<i>re</i> be-fell̴. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1490" id = "line1490">1490</a></span></p> +<p>It were two dragons stiff and strong,</p> +<p>Vppon<sup>)</sup> theyre lay they sat and song,</p> +<p class = "indent">Be-side a depe well̴.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +1490. <i>thare</i>] <i>that</i> MS.</p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza129" id = "stanza129">(129)</a></h5> + +<p>Sir Torent said thanne</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 101<i>a</i>.</span> +<p>To god, that made man<sup>)</sup> +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1495" id = "line1495">1495</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">And died uppon<sup>)</sup> a tree:</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page53" id = "page53">53</a></span> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent prays to Christ,</span> +<p>‘Lord, as thou mayst all̴ weld, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1500]</span></p> +<p>Yeve me grace, to wyn<sup>)</sup> the feld</p> +<p class = "indent">Of thes ffendys on<i>fre</i>!’</p> +<p>Whan he had his p<i>r</i>ayers made, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1500" id = "line1500">1500</a></span></p> +<p>Pertely to hem<sup>)</sup> he Rade</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +spears the first Dragon;</span> +<p class = "indent">And one thorouȝ oute bare he.</p> +<p>Thus sped the knyght at his comyng</p> +<p>Thorough the helpe of hevyn<sup>)</sup> kyng:</p> +<p class = "indent">Lord, lovid muste thou be! +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1505" id = "line1505">1505</a></span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>1499. <i>onfre</i>] <i>ontrewe</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1502. <i>he bare</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT KILLS THE 2 DRAGONS, AND SEES A CASTLE.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza130" id = "stanza130">(130)</a></h5> + +<p>The other dragon wold not flee,<span class = "dots"> . . . . +.</span></p> +<p class = "indent">But sho<i>w</i>ith all̴ his myght; +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1510]</span></p> +<p>He smote ffire, that lothely thing,</p> +<p>As it were the lightnyng,</p> +<p class = "indent">Vppon<sup>)</sup> that comly knyght. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1510" id = "line1510">1510</a></span></p> +<p>There fore s<i>ir</i> Torent wold not lett,</p> +<p>But on<sup>)</sup> the dragon) fast<sup>)</sup> he bett</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and then kills the second.</span> +<p class = "indent">And over-come that foule wight.</p> +<p>Tho anon the day sprong,</p> +<p>Fowles Rose, mery they song, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1515" id = "line1515">1515</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">The sonne a-Rose on hyȝ<i>t</i>.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>1507. <i>shotith</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1516. <i>hyȝe</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza131" id = "stanza131" href = "#notes_stz131"> +(131)</a></h5> + +<p>Torent of the day was full̴ blithe, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1520]</span></p> +<p>And of the valey he did hym<sup>)</sup> swith,</p> +<p class = "indent">As fast as euer he may.</p> +<p>To a mowntayn<sup>)</sup> he rode ryght, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1520" id = "line1520">1520</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +He sees a Castle.</span> +<p>Of a castell̴ he had a sight</p> +<p class = "indent">With towrys hyȝe and gay<span class = "dots"> . . . +. . .</span></p> +<p>He come in to an hyȝe strete,</p> +<p>Few folke gan<sup>)</sup> he mete,</p> +<p class = "indent">To wis hym<sup>)</sup> the way. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1525" id = "line1525">1525</a></span></p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +1525. <i>wish</i> MS.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page54" id = "page54">54</a></span> +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT BEFORE THE NORSE GIANT’S CASTLE.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza132" id = "stanza132" href = "#notes_stz132"> +(132)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent rides to the Norse Giant’s castle gates.</span> +<p>To the gatys tho he R<i>a</i>de;</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 101<i>b</i>.</span> +<p>Full̴ craftely they were made +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1530]</span></p> +<p class = "indent">Of Irun<sup>)</sup> and eke of tree.</p> +<p>One tre stonding there he ffond:</p> +<p>Nyne oxen<sup>)</sup> of that lond +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1530" id = "line1530">1530</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Shold not drawe the tre.</p> +<p>The Giaunt wrought vp his w<i>a</i>ll̴</p> +<p>And laid stonys gret and small̴:</p> +<p class = "indent">A lothely man<sup>)</sup> was he.</p> +<p>‘Now,’ quod Torrent, ‘I <i>n</i>ot, whare, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1535" id = "line1535">1535</a></span></p> +<p>My squiers be ffro me to fare,</p> +<p class = "indent">Euer waried th<i>ey</i> be! +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1540]</span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>1526. <i>rode</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1529. <i>ffound</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1532. <i>welle</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1535. <i>wot</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1537. <i>they</i>] <i>thou</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza133" id = "stanza133">(133)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +He considers what he shall do,</span> +<p>‘Lord god, what is beste,</p> +<p>So I<i>es</i>u me helpe, Est or Weste,</p> +<p class = "indent">I Can not Rede to <i>say</i>. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1540" id = "line1540">1540</a></span></p> +<p>Yf I to the shipp fare,</p> +<p>No shipmen<sup>)</sup> ffynd <i>I</i> thare;</p> +<p class = "indent">It is long, sith they were away.</p> +<p>Other wayes yf I wend,</p> +<p>Wyld bestis wyll̴ me shend: +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1545" id = "line1545">1545</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Falshede, woo worth it aye!</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and resolves to fight.</span> +<p>I ffyght here, I<i>es</i>u, for thy sake; +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1560]</span></p> +<p>Lord, to me kepe thou take,</p> +<p class = "indent">As thou best may!’</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>1540. <i>say</i>] <i>done</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1542. <i>And no</i> MS.<br /> +<i>I</i>] om. MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza134" id = "stanza134" href = "#notes_stz134"> +(134)</a></h5> + +<p>Down<sup>)</sup> light this gentill̴ knyght, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1550" id = "line1550">1550</a></span></p> +<p>To Rest hym<sup>)</sup> a litull̴ wight,</p> +<p class = "indent">And vnbrydelid his stede</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +He baits his steed.</span> +<p>And let hym<sup>)</sup> bayte on<sup>)</sup> the ground,</p> +<p>And aventid hym<sup>)</sup> in<sup>)</sup> that stound,</p> +<p class = "indent">There of he had gret nede. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1555" id = "line1555">1555</a></span></p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page55" id = "page55">55</a></span> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The Norse Giant prepares to fight.</span> +<p>The Gyaunt yode and gaderid stone</p> +<p>And sye, where the knyght gan<sup>)</sup> gone, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1570]</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 102<i>a</i>.</span> +<p class = "indent">All̴ armed in dede;</p> +<p>And wot ye well̴ and not wene,</p> +<p>Whan eyther of hem had other sene, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1560" id = "line1560">1560</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Smertely <i>they</i> rerid her dede.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>1553. <i>bayte</i>] <i>hym</i> add. MS.</p> + +<p>1561. <i>they</i>] om. MS.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT GETS ASSURANCE FROM HEAVEN.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza135" id = "stanza135" href = "#notes_stz135"> +(135)</a></h5> + +<p>For that s<i>ir</i> Torent had hym sene,</p> +<p>He worth vppon his stede, I wene,</p> +<p class = "indent">And I<i>es</i>u prayd<i>e</i> he till̴:</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent prays to Christ,</span> +<p>‘Mary son<sup>)</sup>, thou here my bone, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1565" id = "line1565">1565</a></span></p> +<p>As I am<sup>)</sup> in venturus s<i>t</i>ad come,</p> +<p class = "indent">My jurnay <i>to</i> full̴-ffyll̴!’ +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1580]</span></p> +<p>A voys was fro hevyn<sup>)</sup> sent</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and is cheerd by a voice from Heaven.</span> +<p>And said: ‘Be blith, s<i>ir</i> Torent,</p> +<p class = "indent">And yeve the no thing yll̴, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1570" id = "line1570">1570</a></span></p> +<p>To ffyght with my lordys enemy:</p> +<p>Whether that thou lyve or dye,</p> +<p class = "indent">Thy mede the quyte he wyll̴!’</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>1566. <i>sad</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1567. <i>to</i>] <i>than</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1573. <i>He wylle quyte the thy mede</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza136" id = "stanza136">(136)</a></h5> + +<p>Be that the giaunt had hym dight,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The Giant advances against Torrent.</span> +<p>Cam<sup>)</sup> ageyn<sup>)</sup> that gentill̴ knyght, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1575" id = "line1575">1575</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">As bold as eny bore;</p> +<p>He bare on<sup>)</sup> his nek a croke, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1590]</span></p> +<p>Woo were the man<sup>)</sup>, that he ou<i>er</i>toke,</p> +<p class = "indent">It was twelfe ffote and more.</p> +<p>‘Sir,’ he said, ‘ffor charite, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1580" id = "line1580">1580</a></span></p> +<p>Loke, curtes man<sup>)</sup> that thou be,</p> +<p class = "indent">Yf thy wyll̴ ware:</p> +<p>I haue so fought all̴ this nyght</p> +<p>With thy II dragons wekyd and wight,</p> +<p class = "indent">They haue bett me full̴ sore.’ +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1585" id = "line1585">1585</a></span></p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page56" id = "page56">56</a></span> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +THE NORSE GIANT, WERAUNT, WOUNDS TORRENT.</span></p> + + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza137" id = "stanza137" href = "#notes_stz137"> +(137)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +The Giant says he’ll punish</span> +<p>The Geaunt said: ‘Be my fay,</p> +<p>Wors tyding<i>es</i> to me this day +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1600]</span></p> +<p class = "indent">I myght not goodly here.</p> +<p>Thorough the valey as thou cam<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent for killing his 2 Dragons</span> +<p>My two dragons hast thou slan<sup>)</sup>, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1590" id = "line1590">1590</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 102<i>b</i>.</span> +<p class = "indent">My solempnite they were.</p> +<p>To the I haue full̴ good gate;</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and his Brother Cate.</span> +<p>For thou slow my brother Cate,</p> +<p class = "indent">That thou shalte by full̴ dere!’</p> +<p>Be-twene the giaunt and the knyght +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1595" id = "line1595">1595</a></span></p> +<p>Men myght se buffett<i>es</i> right,</p> +<p class = "indent">Who so had be there. +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1610]</span></p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +1590. <i>slayne</i> MS.</p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza138" id = "stanza138" href = "#notes_stz138"> +(138)</a></h5> + +<p>Sir Torent yaue to hym<sup>)</sup> a brayd;</p> +<p>He levid that the aungell̴ said,</p> +<p class = "indent">Of deth yaue he no<i>ught</i>. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1600" id = "line1600">1600</a></span></p> +<p>In to the brest he hym<sup>)</sup> bare,</p> +<p>His spere hede lefte he thare,</p> +<p class = "indent">So evill̴ was hitt <i>bythought</i>.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The Giant’s crook cuts through Torrent’s shield to his flesh,</span> +<p>The Giaunt hym ayen<sup>)</sup> smate</p> +<p>Thorough his sheld and his plate, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1605" id = "line1605">1605</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">In to the flesh it sought;</p> +<p>And sith he pullith at his croke, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1620]</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and sticks there.</span> +<p>So fast in to the flesh it toke,</p> +<p class = "indent">That oute myȝt he gete it nought.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>1600. <i>nought</i>] <i>no dynt</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1603. <i>byth.</i>] <i>mynt</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza139" id = "stanza139">(139)</a></h5> + +<p>On hym<sup>)</sup> he hath it broke, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1610" id = "line1610">1610</a></span></p> +<p>Glad pluckys there he toke,</p> +<p class = "indent">Set sadly and s<i>a</i>re.</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page57" id = "page57">57</a></span> +<p>Sir Torent stalworth satt,</p> +<p>Oute of his handys he it gatt,</p> +<p class = "indent">No lenger dwellid he th<i>a</i>re. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1615" id = "line1615">1615</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent throws his shield and the Giant’s crook into the water.</span> +<p>In to the water he cast his sheld,</p> +<p>Croke and all̴ to-geders it held, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1630]</span></p> +<p class = "indent">Fare after, how so euer it ffare.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The Giant goes in after them and is drowned.</span> +<p>The Geaunt folowid w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> all̴ his mayn<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p>And he come never quyk agayn<sup>)</sup>: +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1620" id = "line1620">1620</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">God wold, that so it ware.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>1612. <i>sore</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1615. <i>there</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT SLAYS THE NORSE GIANT, WERAUNT.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza140" id = "stanza140">(140)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 103<i>a</i>.</span> +<p>Sir Torent bet hym<sup>)</sup> there,</p> +<p>Till̴ that this fend did were,</p> +<p class = "indent">Or he thens wend.</p> +<p>On hym had he hurt but ane, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1625" id = "line1625">1625</a></span></p> +<p>Lesse myght be a mann<i>us</i> bane,</p> +<p class = "indent">But god is full̴ hend: +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1640]</span></p> +<p>Thorough grace of hym, that all̴ shall̴ weld,</p> +<p>There the knyght had the feld,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent rides to the Giant’s castle,</span> +<p class = "indent">Such grace god did hym<sup>)</sup> send. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1630" id = "line1630">1630</a></span></p> +<p>Be than it nyed nere hand nyȝt<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p>To a castell̴ he Rode right,</p> +<p class = "indent">All̴ nyght there to lend.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +1626. <i>But lesse</i> MS.</p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza141" id = "stanza141">(141)</a></h5> + +<p>In the castell̴ found he nought,</p> +<p>That god on the Rode bought; +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1635" id = "line1635">1635</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">High vppon<sup>)</sup> a toure,</p> +<p>As he caste a side lokyng, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1650]</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and finds a fair Lady there.</span> +<p>He saw a lady in her bed syttyng,</p> +<p class = "indent">White as lylye ffloure;</p> +<p>Vp a-Rose that lady bryght, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1640" id = "line1640">1640</a></span></p> +<p>And said: ‘Welcom<sup>)</sup>, s<i>ir</i> knyght,</p> +<p class = "indent">That fast art in stoure!’</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page58" id = "page58">58</a></span> +<p>‘Damysell̴, welcom<sup>)</sup> mut thou be!</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent asks for a night’s lodging.</span> +<p>Graunt thou me, for charite,</p> +<p class = "indent">Of one nyghtis so<i>i</i>oure!’ +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1645" id = "line1645">1645</a></span></p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +1645. <i>socoure</i> MS.</p> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT IN THE GIANT WERAUNT’S CASTLE.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza142" id = "stanza142" href = "#notes_stz142"> +(142)</a></h5> + +<p>‘By Mary,’ said that lady clere,</p> +<p>‘Me for-thinkith, that thou com<sup>)</sup> here, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1660]</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The Lady says the Giant Weraunt will kill him.</span> +<p class = "indent">Thy deth now is dight;</p> +<p>For here dwellith a geaunt,</p> +<p>He is clepud Weraunt, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1650" id = "line1650">1650</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">He is <i>to</i> the devill̴ be-taught.</p> +<p>To day at morn<sup>)</sup> he toke his croke,</p> +<p>Forth at the yat<i>es</i> the way he toke,</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 103<i>b</i>.</span> +<p class = "indent">And said, he wold haue a draught;</p> +<p>And here be chambers two or thre, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1655" id = "line1655">1655</a></span></p> +<p>In one of hem I shall̴ hide the,</p> +<p class = "indent">God the saue ffrome harmes right!’ +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1670]</span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>1650. <i>Weraunt</i>] <i>weraumt</i> (?) MS.</p> + +<p>1651. <i>to</i>] <i>of</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza143" id = "stanza143">(143)</a></h5> + +<p>‘Certayn<sup>)</sup>,’ tho said the knyght,</p> +<p>‘That theffe I saw to nyght,</p> +<p class = "indent">Here be-side a sla<i>d</i>e. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1660" id = "line1660">1660</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent tells her to</span> +<p>He was a ferly freke in ffyght,</p> +<p>With hym faught a yong knyght,</p> +<p class = "indent">Ech on other laid good l<i>a</i>de;</p> +<p>Me thought well̴, as he stode,</p> +<p>He was of the fend<i>us</i> blood, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1665" id = "line1665">1665</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">So Rude was he made.</p> +<p>Dame, yf thou leve not me, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1680]</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +come and see the Giant.</span> +<p>Com<sup>)</sup> nere, and thou shalt se,</p> +<p class = "indent">Which of hem ab<i>a</i>de.’</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>1660. <i>slate</i> or <i>flate</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1663. <i>lode</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1669. <i>abode</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza144" id = "stanza144" href = "#notes_stz144"> +(144)</a></h5> + +<p>Blith was that lady bryght +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1670" id = "line1670">1670</a></span></p> +<p>For to se that <i>selly</i> sight:</p> +<p class = "indent">With the knyght went she.</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page59" id = "page59">59</a></span> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The Norwegian Princess sees the Giant’s corpse,</span> +<p>Whan she cam, where the Geaunt lay,</p> +<p>‘Sir,’ she said, ‘p<i>ar</i>maffay</p> +<p class = "indent">I wott well̴, it is he. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1675" id = "line1675">1675</a></span></p> +<p>Other he was of god all̴-myght</p> +<p>Or seynt George, oure lady knyȝt<sup>)</sup>, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1690]</span></p> +<p class = "indent">That there his bane hath be.</p> +<p>Yf eny cryston<sup>)</sup> man smyte hym down<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and praises his slayer.</span> +<p>He is worthy to haue renown<sup>)</sup> +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1680" id = "line1680">1680</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Thorough oute all̴ crystiaunte.’</p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +1671. <i>selly</i>] om. MS.</p> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT RESCUES THE PRINCESS OF NORWAY.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza145" id = "stanza145" href = "#notes_stz145"> +(145)</a></h5> + +<p>‘I haue wonder,’ said the knyght,</p> +<p>‘How he gate the, lady bryght,</p> +<p class = "indent">Fro my lord the kyng.’</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +She tells Torrent</span> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 104<i>a</i>.</span> +<p>‘Sir,’ she said, ‘verament, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1685" id = "line1685">1685</a></span></p> +<p>As my fader on huntyng went</p> +<p class = "indent">Erly in a mornyng, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1700]</span></p> +<p>For<i>e</i> his men pursued a dere,</p> +<p>To his castell̴, that stondith here,</p> +<p class = "indent">That doth my hondys wryng, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1690" id = "line1690">1690</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +that her Father gave her, as his ransom, to the Giant.</span> +<p>This Giaunt hym toke, wo he be!</p> +<p>For his love he gevith hym<sup>)</sup> me,</p> +<p class = "indent">He wold none other thinge.’</p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +1688. <i>For</i> MS.</p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza146" id = "stanza146">(146)</a></h5> + +<p>Forth she brought bred and wyne,</p> +<p>Fayn<sup>)</sup> he was for to dyne<span class = "dots"> . . . . . +.</span> +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1695" id = "line1695">1695</a></span></p> +<p>This knyght made noble chere,</p> +<p>Though that he woundid were +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1710]</span></p> +<p class = "indent">With the Geaunt strong.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza147" id = "stanza147">(147)</a></h5> + +<p>Sir Torrent dwellid no lenger thare,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent takes her away.</span> +<p>Than<sup>)</sup> he myȝt away fare +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1700" id = "line1700">1700</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">With that lady bryght.</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page60" id = "page60">60</a></span> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent longs for Desonell.</span> +<p>‘Now, I<i>es</i>u, that made hell̴,</p> +<p>Send me on lyve to Desonell̴,</p> +<p class = "indent">That I my trouth to plight!’</p> +<p>Tho sye they be a forest syde +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1705" id = "line1705">1705</a></span></p> +<p>Men<sup>)</sup> of armes ffaste ride</p> +<p class = "indent">On coursers comly dight. +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1720]</span></p> +<p>The lady said: ‘So mvst I thee,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The Norwegian Princess sees her Father.</span> +<p>It is my fader, is com for me,</p> +<p class = "indent">With the Geaunt to ffyght.’ +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1710" id = "line1710">1710</a></span></p> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT IS WELCOMD BY THE KING OF NORWAY.</span></p> + + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza148" id = "stanza148" href = "#notes_stz148"> +(148)</a></h5> + +<p>An harood said anon<sup>)</sup> right:</p> +<p>‘Yon I se an armed knyght,</p> +<p class = "indent">And no squier, but hym<sup>)</sup> one:</p> +<p>He is so <i>big</i> of bone & blood,</p> +<p>He is the Geaunt, be the Rode!’ +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1715" id = "line1715">1715</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Som<sup>)</sup> seith, he riduth +vppon<sup>)</sup>.</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 104<i>b</i>.</span> +<p>‘Nay,’ said the kyng, ‘verament, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1820]</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent is recognised</span> +<p>It is the knyght, that I after sent,</p> +<p class = "indent">I thanke god and seynt Iohñ,</p> +<p>For the Geaunt slayn<sup>)</sup>) hath he +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1720" id = "line1720">1720</a></span></p> +<p>And wonne my dought<i>er</i>, well̴ is me!</p> +<p class = "indent">All̴ his men are <i>a</i>t<i>o</i>ne!’</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>1714. <i>big</i>] <i>long</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1722. <i>at.</i>] <i>tane</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza149" id = "stanza149">(149)</a></h5> + +<p>Wott ye well̴, with Ioy and blis</p> +<p>Sir Torent there recevid ys,</p> +<p class = "indent">As doughty man<sup>)</sup> of dede. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1725" id = "line1725">1725</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and welcomd by the King of Norway.</span> +<p>The kyng and other lordys gent</p> +<p>Said, ‘Welcom<sup>)</sup>, s<i>ir</i> Torent, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1830]</span></p> +<p class = "indent">In to this vncouth <i>thede</i>!’</p> +<p>In to a state they hym<sup>)</sup> brought,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +His wounds are drest.</span> +<p>Lechis sone his woundis sought; +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1730" id = "line1730">1730</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">They said, so god hem spede,</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page61" id = "page61">61</a></span> +<p>Were there no lyve but ane,</p> +<p>His liffe they wyll̴ not vndertane,</p> +<p class = "indent">For no gold ne ffor mede.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +1728. <i>thede</i>] <i>lond</i> MS.</p> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +PRINCESS GENDRES. TORRENT STAYS A YEAR IN NORWAY.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza150" id = "stanza150">(150)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +The Princess</span> +<p>The lady wist not or than<sup>)</sup>, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1735" id = "line1735">1735</a></span></p> +<p>That he was hurt, that gentilman<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p class = "indent">And sith she went hym tyll̴; +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1840]</span></p> +<p>She sought his wound<i>us</i> and said thare:</p> +<p>‘Thou shalte lyve and welfare,</p> +<p class = "indent">Yf the no-thing evyll̴! +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1740" id = "line1740">1740</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +claims Torrent as her husband.</span> +<p>My lord the kyng hath me hight,</p> +<p>That thou shalt wed me, s<i>ir</i> knyght,</p> +<p class = "indent">The fforward ye to fulle ffyll̴.’</p> +<p>‘Damysell̴, loo here my hond:</p> +<p>And I take eny wyffe in this lond, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1745" id = "line1745">1745</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">It shall̴ be at thy wyll̴!’</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza151" id = "stanza151">(151)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +Her name is Gendres.</span> +<p>Gendres was that ladyes name. +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1850]</span></p> +<p>The Geaunt<i>es</i> hede he brought hame,</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 105<i>a</i>.</span> +<p class = "indent">And the dragons <i>he brought</i>.</p> +<p>Mene myght here a myle aboute, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1750" id = "line1750">1750</a></span></p> +<p>How on the dede hedys they did shoute,</p> +<p class = "indent">For the shame, that they hem<sup>)</sup> +wrought,</p> +<p>Both with dede and with tong</p> +<p>Fyfte on the hedys dong,</p> +<p class = "indent">That to the ground they sought. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1755" id = "line1755">1755</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent stays 12 months in Norway.</span> +<p>Sir Torrent dwellid thare</p> +<p>Twelfe monythis and mare, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1860]</span></p> +<p class = "indent">That ffurther myȝt he nought.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>1749. <i>he br.</i>] <i>also</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1752. <i>they</i>] <i>had</i> add. MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza152" id = "stanza152" href = "#notes_stz152"> +(152)</a></h5> + +<p>The kyng of Norway said: ‘Nowe,</p> +<p>Fals thevis, woo worth you, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1760" id = "line1760">1760</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Ferly sotell̴ were ye:</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page62" id = "page62">62</a></span> +<p>Ye said, the knyght wold not com<sup>)</sup>:</p> +<p>Swith oute of my kyngdome,</p> +<p class = "indent">Or hangid shall̴ ye be!’</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The King of Norway sends Torrent’s false Squires to sea,</span> +<p>His squiers, that fro hym<sup>)</sup> fled, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1765" id = "line1765">1765</a></span></p> +<p>With sore strokys are they spred</p> +<p class = "indent">Vppon the wanne see, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1870]</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +where all drown, save one.</span> +<p>And there they drenchid euery man<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p>Saue one knave, that to lond cam<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p class = "indent">And woo be-gone is he. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1770" id = "line1770">1770</a></span></p> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +DESONELL IS NEAR CHILD-BEARING.</span></p> + + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza153" id = "stanza153">(153)</a></h5> + +<p>The child, to lond that god sent,</p> +<p>In Portyngale he is lent,</p> +<p class = "indent">In a riche town<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p>That hat<i>h</i> hight be her day,</p> +<p>And euer shall̴, as I you say, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1775" id = "line1775">1775</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">The town<sup>)</sup> of Peron<sup>)</sup>.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +He takes the news to the King of Portugal,</span> +<p>By-fore the kyng he hym sett, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1880]</span></p> +<p>‘Full̴ well̴ thy men<sup>)</sup>, lord, the grett,</p> +<p class = "indent">And in the see <i>did</i> they drown.’</p> +<p>Desonell̴ said: ‘Where is Torent?’ +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1780" id = "line1780">1780</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and tells Desonell that Torrent is in Norway.</span> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 105<i>b</i>.</span> +<p>‘In Norway, lady, verament.’</p> +<p class = "indent">On sownyng fell̴ she down<sup>)</sup>.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>1774. <i>hatt</i> (!) MS.</p> + +<p>1778. <i>the</i>] <i>they</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1779. <i>did</i>] <i>are</i> MS.<br /> +<i>drowned</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza154" id = "stanza154">(154)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +She swoons, and folk see she is big with child.</span> +<p>As she sownyd, this lady myld,</p> +<p>Men myȝt se tokenyng of her child,</p> +<p class = "indent">Steryng on<sup>)</sup> her right syde. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1785" id = "line1785">1785</a></span></p> +<p>Gret Ruth it was to tell̴,</p> +<p>How her maydens on<sup>)</sup> her fell̴, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1890]</span></p> +<p class = "indent">Her to Couer and to hide.</p> +<p>Tho the kyng said: ‘My dought<i>er</i>, do way!</p> +<p>By god, thy myrth is gone for aye, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1790" id = "line1790">1790</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Spousage wyll̴ thou none <i>bi</i>de!</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page63" id = "page63">63</a></span> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The King of Portugal declares he’ll send Desonell and her Bastard to +sea.</span> +<p>There fore thou shalt in to the see</p> +<p>And that Bastard with-in the,</p> +<p class = "indent">To lerne you ffor to ride.’</p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +1791. <i>bide</i>] <i>lede</i> MS.</p> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +DESONELL BEARS TWINS TO TORRENT.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza155" id = "stanza155" href = "#notes_stz155"> +(155)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +His Earls</span> +<p>Erlis and Barons, that were good, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1795" id = "line1795">1795</a></span></p> +<p>By-fore the kyng knelid and stode</p> +<p class = "indent">For that lady free. +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1900]</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and the Queen</span> +<p>The quene, her moder, on knees fell̴,</p> +<p>‘For I<i>es</i>u is love, that harood hell̴,</p> +<p class = "indent">Lord, haue mercy on<sup>)</sup> me! +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1800" id = "line1800">1800</a></span></p> +<p>That ylke dede, that she hath done,</p> +<p>It was with an Erlis sonne,</p> +<p class = "indent">Riche man<sup>)</sup> i-nough is he;</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +pray for mercy for Desonell.</span> +<p>And yf ye wyll̴ not let her lyve,</p> +<p>Right of lond ye her yeve, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1805" id = "line1805">1805</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Till̴ she delyu<i>er</i>d be!’</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza156" id = "stanza156">(156)</a></h5> + +<p>Thus the lady dwellith there, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1910]</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +She is delivered of 2 male children</span> +<p>Tyll that she delyu<i>er</i>d were</p> +<p class = "indent">Of men<sup>)</sup> children<sup>)</sup> two;</p> +<p>In all poyntes they were gent, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1810" id = "line1810">1810</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +like Torrent.</span> +<p>And like they were to s<i>ir</i> Torent;</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 106<i>a</i>.</span> +<p class = "indent">For his love they sufferid woo.</p> +<p>The kyng said: ‘So mut I thee,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Her Father says she shall be sent out to sea.</span> +<p>Thou shalte in-to the see</p> +<p class = "indent">With oute wordys moo. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1815" id = "line1815">1815</a></span></p> +<p>Euery kyngis dought<i>er</i> ffer and nere,</p> +<p>At the shall̴ they lere, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1920]</span></p> +<p class = "indent">Ayen<sup>)</sup> the law to do.’</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>1807. <i>Thus the</i>] so <a href = "#fragVII">F. VII</a>; +<i>This</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1808. <i>Tyll</i>] so <a href = "#fragVII">F. VII</a>; om. MS.</p> + +<p>1810. <i>all</i>] so <a href = "#fragVII">F. VII</a>; om. MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza157" id = "stanza157">(157)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +She is led from his land.</span> +<p>Gret ruth it was to se,</p> +<p>Whan they led that lady ffree +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1820" id = "line1820">1820</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Oute of her faders lond.</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page64" id = "page64">64</a></span> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The Queen bewails her daughter’s fate.</span> +<p>The quene wexid tho nere wood</p> +<p>For her doughter, that gentill̴ ffode,</p> +<p class = "indent">And knyghtis stode wepand;</p> +<p>A cloth of silke gan they ta +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1825" id = "line1825">1825</a></span></p> +<p>And p<i>ar</i>tyd it be-twene hem twa,</p> +<p class = "indent">Therin they were wonde.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Desonell is sent to sea.</span> +<p>Whan<sup>)</sup> they had shypped that lady y<i>i</i>ng, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1930]</span></p> +<p>An hunderid fell̴ in sownyng</p> +<p class = "indent">At Peron<sup>)</sup> on<sup>)</sup> the sond. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1830" id = "line1830">1830</a></span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>1827. so <a href = "#fragVII">F. VII</a>; om. MS.</p> + +<p>1828. <i>had sh.</i>] so <a href = "#fragVII">F. VII</a>; +<i>clepud</i> MS.<br /> +<i>yeng</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +DESONELL IS SENT OUT TO SEA. SHE REACHES LAND.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza158" id = "stanza158">(158)</a></h5> + +<p>Whan that lady was downe fall,</p> +<p>On Iesu Cryste dyd she call;</p> +<p class = "indent">Down<sup>)</sup> knelid that lady cle<i>n</i>e:</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +She prays to Christ for her children.</span> +<p>‘Rightfull god, ye me sende</p> +<p>Some good londe, on to lende, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1835" id = "line1835">1835</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">That my chyldren may crystonyd bene!’</p> +<p>She said, ‘Knyghtis and ladyes gent,</p> +<p>Grete well̴ my lord, s<i>ir</i> Torrent,</p> +<p class = "indent">Yeff ye hym<sup>)</sup> euer sene!’</p> +<p>The wynd Rose ayen<sup>)</sup> the nyght, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1840" id = "line1840">1840</a></span></p> +<p>Fro lond it blew that lady bryght +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1941]</span></p> +<p class = "indent">Vppon the see so grene.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>1831 f.] so <a href = "#fragVII">F. VII</a>; om. MS.</p> + +<p>1833. <i>clene</i>] <i>clere</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1834 f.] so <a href = "#fragVII">F. VII</a>;</p> +<div class = "verse"> +<p><i>Iesu Cryste, that com vp here</i></p> +<p><i>On this strond, as I wenyd</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<p>1836. <i>my ch.</i>] so <a href = "#fragVII">F. VII</a>; <i>we</i> +MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza159" id = "stanza159" href = "#notes_stz159"> +(159)</a></h5> + +<p>Wyndes and weders haue her drevyn<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p>Þat in a f<i>o</i>rest she is revyn<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p class = "indent">There wyld beestis were; +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1845" id = "line1845">1845</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +She and they reach land.</span> +<p>The see was eb, and went her ffroo,</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 106<i>b</i>.</span> +<p>And lefte her and her children<sup>)</sup> two</p> +<p class = "indent">Alone with-oute ffere.</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page65" id = "page65">65</a></span> +<p>Her one child woke and be-gan<sup>)</sup> to wepe,</p> +<p>The lady a-woke oute of her slepe +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1850" id = "line1850">1850</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Desonell stills her crying child,</span> +<p class = "indent">And said: ‘Be still̴, my dere, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1951]</span></p> +<p>I<i>es</i>u Cryst hath sent vs lond;</p> +<p>Yf there be any cryston man<sup>)</sup> nere hond,</p> +<p class = "indent">We shall̴ haue som socoure here.’</p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +1844. <i>forest</i>] so <a href = "#fragVII">F. VII</a>; <i>ftrest</i> +MS.<br /> +<i>she is</i>] so <a href = "#fragVII">F. VII</a>; <i>be they</i> +MS.</p> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +A GRIFFIN CARRIES OFF ONE OF DESONELL’S BOYS.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza160" id = "stanza160">(160)</a></h5> + +<p>The carefull̴ lady was full̴ blith, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1855" id = "line1855">1855</a></span></p> +<p>Vp to lond she went swith,</p> +<p class = "indent">As fast as euer she myght.</p> +<p>Tho the day be-gan<sup>)</sup> to spryng,</p> +<p>Foules a-Rose and mery gan syng</p> +<p class = "indent">Delicious notys on<sup>)</sup> hight. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1860" id = "line1860">1860</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +goes up a mountain,</span> +<p>To a mowntayn went that lady ffree: +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1961]</span></p> +<p>Sone was she warr<sup>)</sup> of a Cite</p> +<p class = "indent">With towrus ffeyre and bryght.</p> +<p>There fore, i-wys, she was full̴ fayn<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p>She sett her down<sup>)</sup>, as I herd sayn<sup>)</sup>, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1865" id = "line1865">1865</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Her two children<sup>)</sup> ffor to dight.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza161" id = "stanza161">(161)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +and finds an Arbour there.</span> +<p>Vppon<sup>)</sup> the low the lady ffound</p> +<p>An Erber wrought w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> mann<i>us</i> hond,</p> +<p class = "indent">With herbis, that were good.</p> +<p>A Grype was in<sup>)</sup> the mowntayn<sup>)</sup> wonne, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1870" id = "line1870">1870</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +A Griffin carries off one of her boys.</span> +<p>A way he bare her yong son<sup>)</sup> +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1971]</span></p> +<p class = "indent">Ou<i>er</i> a water fflood,</p> +<p>Over in to a wyldernes,</p> +<p>There seynt Antony ermet w<i>e</i>s,</p> +<p class = "indent">There as his chapell̴ stode. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1875" id = "line1875">1875</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +She puts the other down,</span> +<p>The other child down<sup>)</sup> gan<sup>)</sup> she ly,</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 107<i>a</i>.</span> +<p>And on the ffoule did shoute & crye,</p> +<p class = "indent">That she was nere hond wood.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>1874. <i>was</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1876. <i>ly</i>] <i>lay</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page66" id = "page66">66</a></span> +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +A LEOPARD CARRIES OFF DESONELL’S 2ND BOY.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza162" id = "stanza162">(162)</a></h5> + +<p>Vp she rose ageyn<sup>)</sup> the rougħ,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and sorrows.</span> +<p>With sorofull̴ hert and care Inougħ, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1880" id = "line1880">1880</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Carefull̴ of blood and bone<span class = "dots"> . . +. . . . .</span> +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1981]</span></p> +<p>She sye, it myght no better be,</p> +<p>She knelid down<sup>)</sup> vppon<sup>)</sup> her kne,</p> +<p class = "indent">And thankid god and seynt Iohn<sup>)</sup>.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza163" id = "stanza163">(163)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +A leopard takes her other boy away.</span> +<p>There come a libard vppon<sup>)</sup> his pray, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1885" id = "line1885">1885</a></span></p> +<p>And her other child bare away,</p> +<p class = "indent">She thankid god there</p> +<p>And his moder Mary bryght.</p> +<p>This lady is lefte alone ryght:</p> +<p class = "indent">The sorow she made there<span class = "dots"> . . . +. .</span> +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1890" id = "line1890">1890</a></span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza164" id = "stanza164">(164)</a></h5> + +<p>That she myght no further ffare: +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[1991]</span></p> +<p>‘Of one poynt,’ <i>she sayd</i>, ‘is my care,</p> +<p class = "indent">As I do now vnderstond,</p> +<p>So my children<sup>)</sup> crystenyd were,</p> +<p>Though they be with beest<i>es</i> there, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1895" id = "line1895">1895</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Theyre liffe is in godd<i>us</i> hond.’</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The King of Jerusalem sees the leopard and child.</span> +<p>The kyng of Ierusalem<sup>)</sup> had bene</p> +<p>At his brothers weddyng, I wene,</p> +<p class = "indent">That was lord of all̴ that lond.</p> +<p>As he com homward on his way, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1900" id = "line1900">1900</a></span></p> +<p>He saw where the liberd lay +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2001]</span></p> +<p class = "indent">With a child pleyand.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +1892. <i>she s.</i>] om. MS.</p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza165" id = "stanza165">(165)</a></h5> + +<p>Torrent had yeve <i>her</i> ring<i>es</i> two,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Each child has one of Torrent’s rings.</span> +<p>And euery child had one of tho,</p> +<p class = "indent">Hym<sup>)</sup> with all̴ to saue. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1905" id = "line1905">1905</a></span></p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page67" id = "page67">67</a></span> +<p>The kyng said: ‘Be Mary myld,</p> +<p>Yonder is a liberd w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> a child,</p> +<p class = "indent">A mayden<sup>)</sup> or a knave.’</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 107<i>b</i>.</span> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The King’s men</span> +<p>Tho men<sup>)</sup> of armes theder went,</p> +<p>Anon<sup>)</sup> they had theyre hors spent, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1910" id = "line1910">1910</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Her guttys oute she Rave. +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2011]</span></p> +<p>For no stroke wold she stynt;</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +kill the Leopard,</span> +<p>Till̴ they her slew w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> speris dynt,</p> +<p class = "indent">The child myght they not haue.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +1903. <i>her</i>] <i>his lady</i> MS.</p> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +HE (LEOBERTUS) IS ADOPTED BY THE KING OF JERUSALEM.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza166" id = "stanza166">(166)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +and take the Child to the King,</span> +<p>Vp they toke the child y<i>i</i>ng +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1915" id = "line1915">1915</a></span></p> +<p>And brought it be-ffore the kyng</p> +<p class = "indent">And vndid the swathing band,</p> +<p>As his moder be-ffore had done,</p> +<p>A gold ryng they ffound sone,</p> +<p class = "indent">Was closud in his hond. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1920" id = "line1920">1920</a></span></p> +<p>Tho said the kyng of Ierusalem<sup>)</sup>: +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2021]</span></p> +<p>‘This child is come of gentill̴ teme,</p> +<p class = "indent">Where euer this beest hym<sup>)</sup> ffond.</p> +<p>The boke of Rome berith wytnes,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +who christens him ‘Leobertus,’</span> +<p>The kyng hym<sup>)</sup> namyd Leobertus, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1925" id = "line1925">1925</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">That was hent in hethyn<sup>)</sup> lond.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>1915. <i>yong</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1923. <i>ffound</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza167" id = "stanza167">(167)</a></h5> + +<p>Two squiers to the town<sup>)</sup> gan<sup>)</sup> flyng,</p> +<p>And a noryse to the child did bryng,</p> +<p class = "indent">Hym<sup>)</sup> to kepe ffrome gr<i>e</i>me.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and takes him to Jerusalem.</span> +<p>He led it in<sup>)</sup> to his own<sup>)</sup> lond +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1930" id = "line1930">1930</a></span></p> +<p>And told the quene, how he it ffond +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2031]</span></p> +<p class = "indent">By a water streme.</p> +<p>Whan<sup>)</sup> the lady saw the ryng,</p> +<p>She said, with-oute lettyng:</p> +<p class = "indent">‘This child is com<sup>)</sup> of gentill̴ teme: +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1935" id = "line1935">1935</a></span></p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page68" id = "page68">68</a></span> +<p>Thou hast none heyre, thy lond to take,</p> +<p>For I<i>es</i>u love thou <i>sh</i>oldist hym<sup>)</sup> make</p> +<p class = "indent">Prynce of Ierusalem<sup>)</sup>.’</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>1929. <i>grame</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1937. <i>woldist</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +ST. ANTONY GETS THE FIRST BOY FROM THE GRIFFIN.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza168" id = "stanza168">(168)</a></h5> + +<p>Now, in boke as we rede,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +St. Anthony</span> +<p>As seynt Antony aboute yede, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1940" id = "line1940">1940</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Byddyng his orysoun<sup>)</sup>, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2041]</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 108<i>a</i>.</span> +<span class = "sidenote"> +sees the Griffin</span> +<p>Of the gripe he had a sight,</p> +<p>How she flew in a fflight,</p> +<p class = "indent">To her birdus was she boun<sup>)</sup>.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and Desonell’s first boy,</span> +<p>Be-twene her clawes she bare a child: +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1945" id = "line1945">1945</a></span></p> +<p>He prayed to god and Mary myld,</p> +<p class = "indent">On lyve to send it down<sup>)</sup>.</p> +<p>That man was well̴ with god all̴-myȝt<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +whom the bird lays at his feet.</span> +<p>At his fote gan<sup>)</sup> she light,</p> +<p class = "indent">That foule of gret renown<sup>)</sup>. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1950" id = "line1950">1950</a></span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza169" id = "stanza169" href = "#notes_stz169"> +(169)</a></h5> + +<p>Vp he toke the child th<i>e</i>re, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2051]</span></p> +<p>To his auter he did it bere,</p> +<p class = "indent">There his chapell̴ stode.</p> +<p>A knave child there he ffond,</p> +<p>There was closud in his hond +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1955" id = "line1955">1955</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">A gold ryng riche and good.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +St. Antony takes the boy to his Father, the King of Greece.</span> +<p>He bare it to the Cite grett,</p> +<p>There the kyng his fader <i>s</i>ett</p> +<p class = "indent">As a lord of jentill̴ blood,</p> +<p>For he wold saue it ffro dede; +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1960" id = "line1960">1960</a></span></p> +<p>A grype flew a-bove his hede +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2061]</span></p> +<p class = "indent">And cryed, as he were wood.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>1951. <i>thare</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1954. <i>ffound</i> MS.</p> + +<p>1958. <i>sett</i>] <i>lett</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza170" id = "stanza170">(170)</a></h5> + +<p>This holy man<sup>)</sup> hied hym<sup>)</sup> tyte</p> +<p>To a Cite w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> touris white,</p> +<p class = "indent">As fast as he may. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1965" id = "line1965">1965</a></span></p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page69" id = "page69">69</a></span> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The King sees</span> +<p>The kyng at the yate stode</p> +<p>And other knyght<i>es</i> and lordys good</p> +<p class = "indent">To se the squiers play.</p> +<p>The kyng said: ‘Be Mary myld,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +his son Antony,</span> +<p>Yonder comyth Antony, my child, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1970" id = "line1970">1970</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">With a gryffon<sup>)</sup> gay. +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2071]</span></p> +<p>Som<sup>)</sup> of his byrdus take hath he,</p> +<p>And bryngith hem<sup>)</sup> heder to me!’</p> +<p class = "indent">Gret ferly had thaye.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +HE (ANTONY FITZ-GRIFFIN) IS ADOPTED BY THE KING OF GREECE.</span></p> + + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza171" id = "stanza171" href = "#notes_stz171"> +(171)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 108<i>b</i>.</span> +<p>The kyng there of toke good hede, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1975" id = "line1975">1975</a></span></p> +<p>And a-geyn<sup>)</sup> his sonne he yede</p> +<p class = "indent">And said: ‘Welcom<sup>)</sup> ye be!’</p> +<p>‘Fader,’ he said, ‘god you saue!</p> +<p>A knave child ffound I haue,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +who asks him to adopt Desonell’s boy as</span> +<p class = "indent">Loke, that it be dere to the! +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1980" id = "line1980">1980</a></span></p> +<p>Frome a greffon<sup>)</sup> he was refte, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2081]</span></p> +<p>Of what lond that he is lefte,</p> +<p class = "indent">Of gentill̴ blood was he:</p> +<p>Thou hast none heyre, thy lond to take,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +his heir.</span> +<p>For I<i>es</i>u love thy sonne hym<sup>)</sup> make, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1985" id = "line1985">1985</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">As in the stede of me!’</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza172" id = "stanza172" href = "#notes_stz172"> +(172)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +The King of Greece agrees,</span> +<p>The kyng said: ‘Yf I may lyve,</p> +<p>Helpe and hold I shall̴ hym yeve</p> +<p class = "indent">And receyve hym as my son<sup>)</sup>.</p> +<p>Sith thou hast this lond forsake, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1990" id = "line1990">1990</a></span></p> +<p>My riche londys I shall̴ hym<sup>)</sup> take, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2091]</span></p> +<p class = "indent">Whan he kepe them<sup>)</sup> +c<i>o</i>n<sup>)</sup>.’</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and has the Boy baptized.</span> +<p>To a ffont they hym yaue,</p> +<p>And crystonyd this yong knave;</p> +<p class = "indent">Fro care he is wonne. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line1995" id = "line1995">1995</a></span></p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page70" id = "page70">70</a></span> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The Boy is christend Antony Fitzgriffin.</span> +<p>The holy man yaue hym<sup>)</sup> name,</p> +<p>That I<i>es</i>u shild hym<sup>)</sup> ffrome shame:</p> +<p class = "indent">Antony fice greffoun<sup>)</sup>.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +1992. <i>can</i> MS.</p> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +DESONELL BEWAILS HER LOST CHILDREN.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza173" id = "stanza173" href = "#notes_stz173"> +(173)</a></h5> + +<p>‘Fader, than<sup>)</sup> haue thou this ryng,</p> +<p>I ffound it on<sup>)</sup> this swete thing, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2000" id = "line2000">2000</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Kepe it, yf thou may: +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2101]</span></p> +<p>It is good in euery <i>f</i>ight,</p> +<p>Yf god yeve grace, that he be knyght,</p> +<p class = "indent">Be nyght <i>and</i> be day.’</p> +<p>Let we now this children<sup>)</sup> dwell̴, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2005" id = "line2005">2005</a></span></p> +<p>And speke we more of Desonell̴:</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Desonell laments,</span> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 109<i>a</i>.</span> +<p class = "indent">Her song was welaway.</p> +<p>God, that died vppon<sup>)</sup> the Rode,</p> +<p>Yff grace, that she mete w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> good!</p> +<p class = "indent">Thus dispar<i>p</i>lid are thay. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2010" id = "line2010">2010</a></span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>2002. <i>fight</i>] <i>sight</i> MS.?</p> + +<p>2004. <i>Other be</i> MS.<br /> +<i>and</i>] <i>or forme of</i> (!) MS.</p> + +<p>2010. <i>disparlid</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza174" id = "stanza174">(174)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +wanders among wild beasts,</span> +<p>This lady walkyd all̴ alone +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2111]</span></p> +<p>Amonge wyld bestis meny one,</p> +<p class = "indent">Ne wanted she no Woo;</p> +<p>Anon<sup>)</sup> the day be-gan to spryng,</p> +<p>And the ffoules gan to syng, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2015" id = "line2015">2015</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">With blis on euery bowȝe<span class = "dots"> . . . +. . . .</span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza175" id = "stanza175" href = "#notes_stz175"> +(175)</a></h5> + +<p>‘Byrdus and bestis, aye woo ye be!</p> +<p>Alone ye haue lefte me,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and bewails her lost children.</span> +<p class = "indent">My children<sup>)</sup> ye <i>have</i> +slo<i>ne</i>.’</p> +<p>As she walkid than<sup>)</sup> a-lone, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2020" id = "line2020">2020</a></span></p> +<p>She sye lordis on<sup>)</sup> huntyng gone, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2121]</span></p> +<p class = "indent">Nere hem<sup>)</sup> she yede full̴ sone.</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page71" id = "page71">71</a></span> +<p>This carfull̴ lady cried faste,</p> +<p>Than she herd this hornes blaste</p> +<p class = "indent">By the yatis gone, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2025" id = "line2025">2025</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Desonell flees from some hunters</span> +<p>But <i>ran</i> in to a wildernes,</p> +<p>Amongist beests that wyld w<i>e</i>s,</p> +<p class = "indent">For drede, she shold be slone.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>2018. <i>haue</i>] <i>a</i> corrected out of <i>e</i> MS.</p> + +<p>2019. <i>have sl.</i>] <i>slough</i> MS.</p> + +<p>2026. <i>ran</i>] om. MS.</p> + +<p>2027. <i>was</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +DESONELL FLEES TO THE LAND OF NAZARETH.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza176" id = "stanza176">(176)</a></h5> + +<p>Till̴ it were vnder of the Day,</p> +<p>She went <i>fro</i> that wilsom<sup>)</sup> way, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2030" id = "line2030">2030</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">In to a lond playn<sup>)</sup>. +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2131]</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +into the land of Nazareth.</span> +<p>The kyng of Naȝareth huntid there,</p> +<p>Among the hert<i>es</i>, that gentill̴ were;</p> +<p class = "indent">There of she was full̴ ffayn<sup>)</sup><span class += "dots"> . . . . . . . . .</span></p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +2030. <i>fro</i>] <i>in</i> MS.</p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza177" id = "stanza177">(177)</a></h5> + +<p>They had ferly, kyng and knyght, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2035" id = "line2035">2035</a></span></p> +<p>Whens she come, that lady bryght,</p> +<p class = "indent">Dwelli<i>n</i>g here a-lone.</p> +<p>She said to a squier, that there stode:</p> +<p>‘Who is lord of most jentill̴ blood?’</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 109<i>b</i>.</span> +<p class = "indent">And he answerid her anon<sup>)</sup>: +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2040" id = "line2040">2040</a></span></p> +<p>‘This ys the lond of Naȝareth, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2141]</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +She sees the King,</span> +<p>Se, where the kyng gethe,</p> +<p class = "indent">Of speche he is ffull̴ bone;</p> +<p>All̴ in gold couerid is he.’</p> +<p>‘Gramercy, s<i>ir</i>,’ said she, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2045" id = "line2045">2045</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">And nere hym<sup>)</sup> gan<sup>)</sup> she +gone.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza178" id = "stanza178" href = "#notes_stz178"> +(178)</a></h5> + +<p>Lordys anon ageyn<sup>)</sup> her yode,</p> +<p>For she was com<sup>)</sup> of gentill̴ blood,</p> +<p class = "indent">In her lond had they bene:</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +whose Lords greet her.</span> +<p>‘God loke the, lady ffree, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2050" id = "line2050">2050</a></span></p> +<p>What makist thou in this contre?’ +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2151]</span></p> +<p class = "indent">‘Sir,’ she said, ‘I wene,</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page72" id = "page72">72</a></span> +<p>Seynt Katryn<sup>)</sup> I shold haue sought,</p> +<p>Wekyd weders me heder hath brought</p> +<p class = "indent">In to this fforest grene, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2055" id = "line2055">2055</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Desonell says that her boys are dead, and she is left alone.</span> +<p>And all̴ is dede, I vnderstond,</p> +<p>Saue my selfe, that com<sup>)</sup> to lond</p> +<p class = "indent">With wyld beestis and kene.’</p> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +DESONELL IS WELCOMD BY THE QUEEN OF NAZARETH.</span></p> + + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza179" id = "stanza179">(179)</a></h5> + +<p>‘Welcom,’ he said,’ Desonell̴,</p> +<p>By a tokyn<sup>)</sup> I shall̴ the tell̴: +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2060" id = "line2060">2060</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Onys a stede I the sent. +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2161]</span></p> +<p>Lady gent, ffeyre and ffree,</p> +<p>To the shold I haue wedid be,</p> +<p class = "indent">My love was on<sup>)</sup> the lent.’</p> +<p>Knyghtis and squiers, that there were, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2065" id = "line2065">2065</a></span></p> +<p>They horsid the lady there,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +She is taken to Nazareth,</span> +<p class = "indent">And to the Cite they went.</p> +<p>The quene was curtes of that lond</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and welcomd by the Queen,</span> +<p>And toke the lady be the hond</p> +<p class = "indent">And said: ‘Welcom, my lady gent! +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2070" id = "line2070">2070</a></span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza180" id = "stanza180" href = "#notes_stz180"> +(180)</a></h5> + +<p>‘Lady, thou art welcom<sup>)</sup> here, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2171]</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 110<i>a</i>.</span> +<p>As it all̴ thyn<sup>)</sup> own<sup>)</sup> were,</p> +<p class = "indent">All̴ this ffeyre contree!’</p> +<p>‘Of one poynt was my care,</p> +<p>And my two children<sup>)</sup> crystonyd ware, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2075" id = "line2075">2075</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">That in wood were reft ffro me.’</p> +<p><ins class = "correction" title = "open quote invisible">‘Welcom</ins> +art thou, Desonell̴,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +with whom she stays.</span> +<p>In my chamber for to dwell̴,</p> +<p class = "indent">Inough there in shall̴ ye see!’</p> +<p>Leve we now that lady gent, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2080" id = "line2080">2080</a></span></p> +<p>And speke we of s<i>ir</i> Torrent, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2181]</span></p> +<p class = "indent">That was gentill̴ and ffre.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +2076. <i>in</i>] <i>the</i> add. MS.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page73" id = "page73">73</a></span> +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT HEARS OF THE EXILE OF DESONELL AND HER BOYS.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza181" id = "stanza181">(181)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +Sir Torrent won’t stop in Norway,</span> +<p>The kyng of Norway is full̴ woo,</p> +<p>That s<i>ir</i> Torent wold wend hym ffro,</p> +<p class = "indent">That doughty was and bold: +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2085" id = "line2085">2085</a></span></p> +<p>‘Sir,’ he said, ‘abyde here</p> +<p>And wed my dought<i>er</i>, that is me dere!’</p> +<p class = "indent">He said, in no wise he wold.</p> +<p>He shipped oute of the kyng<i>es</i> sale</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +but goes back to Portugal.</span> +<p>And Ryved vp in<sup>)</sup> Portingale +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2090" id = "line2090">2090</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">At another hold. +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2191]</span></p> +<p>Whan<sup>)</sup> he herd tell̴ of Desonell̴,</p> +<p>Swith on sownyng there he fell̴</p> +<p class = "indent">To the ground so cold.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza182" id = "stanza182">(182)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +The false King Calamond of Portugal</span> +<p>The fals kyng of Portingale, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2095" id = "line2095">2095</a></span></p> +<p>Sparid the yatis of his sale</p> +<p class = "indent">For Torent the ffree;</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +tells him that Desonell and her 2 Boys were sent out to sea.</span> +<p>He said: ‘Be Mary clere,</p> +<p>Thou shalt no wyfe haue here,</p> +<p class = "indent">Go sech her in<sup>)</sup> the see! +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2100" id = "line2100">2100</a></span></p> +<p>With her she toke whelpis two, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2201]</span></p> +<p>To lerne to row wold she go.’</p> +<p class = "indent">‘By god, thou liest,’ quod he,</p> +<p>‘Kyng Colomand, here my hond!</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 110<i>b</i>.</span> +<p>And I be knyght levand, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2105" id = "line2105">2105</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">I-quytt shall̴ it be!’</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza183" id = "stanza183">(183)</a></h5> + +<p>Torent wold no lenger byde,</p> +<p>But sent letters on euery side</p> +<p class = "indent">With fforce theder to hye.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent gathers an army.</span> +<p>Theder com oute of Aragon<sup>)</sup> +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2110" id = "line2110">2110</a></span></p> +<p>Noble knyght<i>es</i> of gret renown<sup>)</sup> +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2211]</span></p> +<p class = "indent">With grett chevalrye.</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page74" id = "page74">74</a></span> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent’s knights</span> +<p>Of P<i>er</i>vyns and Ca<i>l</i>aber also</p> +<p>Were doughty knyght<i>es</i> meny moo,</p> +<p class = "indent">They come all̴ to that crye. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2115" id = "line2115">2115</a></span></p> +<p>Kyng Calomond had no knyght,</p> +<p>That with s<i>ir</i> Torent wold fyght,</p> +<p class = "indent">Of all̴ that satt hym<sup>)</sup> bye.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +2113. <i>Calaber</i>] <i>Cababer</i> (!) MS.</p> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT SENDS THE KING OF PORTUGAL TO DROWN.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza184" id = "stanza184" href = "#notes_stz184"> +(184)</a></h5> + +<p>There wold none the yatis deffend,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and he are let into the chief City of Portugal,</span> +<p>But lett s<i>ir</i> Torent in wend +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2120" id = "line2120">2120</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">With his men<sup>)</sup> euerychone. +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2221]</span></p> +<p>Swith a counsell̴ yede they to,</p> +<p><i>To</i> what deth they wold hym do,</p> +<p class = "indent">For he his lady had slone.</p> +<p>‘Lordis,’ he said, ‘he is a kyng, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2125" id = "line2125">2125</a></span></p> +<p>Men may hym<sup>)</sup> nether hede ne h<i>i</i>ng.’</p> +<p class = "indent">Thus said they euerychone.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and resolve to send the false King to sea</span> +<p>They ordenyd a shipp all̴ of tree</p> +<p>And sett hym<sup>)</sup> oute in<sup>)</sup> to the see,</p> +<p class = "indent">Among the wawes to gone. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2130" id = "line2130">2130</a></span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>2123. <i>To</i>] om. MS.</p> + +<p>2126. <i>hing</i>] <i>heng</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza185" id = "stanza185" href = "#notes_stz185"> +(185)</a></h5> + +<p>Gret lordis of that lond +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2231]</span></p> +<p>Assentid to that <ins class = "correction" title = +"text unchanged: error for ‘com{m}and’?">com<i>n</i>and</ins>,</p> +<p class = "indent">That hold shold it be.</p> +<p>In the havyn<sup>)</sup> of Portyngale,</p> +<p>There stode shippes of hede vale +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2135" id = "line2135">2135</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 111<i>a</i>.</span> +<p class = "indent">Of Irun and of tree.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +in a boat full of holes.</span> +<p>A bote of tre they brought hym be-fforn<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p>Full̴ of holis it was born<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p class = "indent">Howsell̴ and shryfte <i>wold</i> he.</p> +<p>Sir Torent said: ‘Be seynt Iohn<sup>)</sup>, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2140" id = "line2140">2140</a></span></p> +<p>Seth thou gaue my lady none, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2241]</span></p> +<p class = "indent">No more men<sup>)</sup> shall̴ do the!’</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>2132. <i>comland</i> MS.</p> + +<p>2138. <i>boryn</i> MS.</p> + +<p>2139. <i>wold</i>] <i>had</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page75" id = "page75">75</a></span> +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT IS MADE KING OF PORTUGAL.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza186" id = "stanza186" href = "#notes_stz186"> +(186)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +The false king Calamond is drownd,</span> +<p>The shipp-men<sup>)</sup> brought s<i>ir</i> Colomond</p> +<p>And sent hym fforth within<sup>)</sup> a stound</p> +<p class = "indent">As ffar as it were. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2145" id = "line2145">2145</a></span></p> +<p>Wott ye well̴ and vnderstond,</p> +<p>He come never ayen to lond,</p> +<p class = "indent">Such stormes ffound he there.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and Torrent is made King of Portugal,</span> +<p>Gret lordys of renown<sup>)</sup></p> +<p>Be-toke s<i>ir</i> Torent the crown<sup>)</sup> +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2150" id = "line2150">2150</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">To reioyse it there. +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2251]</span></p> +<p>Loo, lordys of euery lond:</p> +<p>Falshode wyll̴ haue a foule end,</p> +<p class = "indent">And wyll̴ haue euermore.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza187" id = "stanza187" href = "#notes_stz187"> +(187)</a></h5> + +<p>Sir Torent dwellid thare +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2155" id = "line2155">2155</a></span></p> +<p>Fourty days in moche care,</p> +<p class = "indent">Season<sup>)</sup> for to hold;</p> +<p>Sith he takith two knyght<i>es</i>,</p> +<p>To kepe his lond and his right<i>es</i>,</p> +<p class = "indent">That doughty were and bold. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2160" id = "line2160">2160</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +but he gives the land up to the Queen,</span> +<p>‘Madam<sup>)</sup>,’ he said to the quene, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2261]</span></p> +<p>‘Here than shall̴ ye lady bene,</p> +<p class = "indent">To worth as ye wold.’</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and resolves to go to the Holy-Land.</span> +<p>He purveyd hym<sup>)</sup> anon<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p>To wend ouer the see fome, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2165" id = "line2165">2165</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">There god was bought and sold.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +2161. <i>He said madam</i> MS.</p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza188" id = "stanza188" href = "#notes_stz188"> +(188)</a></h5> + +<p>And ye now will̴ liston<sup>)</sup> a stound,</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 111<i>b</i>.</span> +<p>How he toke armes of kyng Calomond,</p> +<p class = "indent">Listonyth, what he bare.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +His arms are 3 silver ships on an azure field.</span> +<p>O<i>n</i> asure, as ye may see, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2170" id = "line2170">2170</a></span></p> +<p>With sylu<i>er</i> shippes thre, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2271]</span></p> +<p class = "indent">Who so had be thare.</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page76" id = "page76">76</a></span> +<span class = "sidenote"> +For love of Desonell,</span> +<p>For Desonell̴ is love so bryght,</p> +<p>His londis he takyth to a knyght,</p> +<p class = "indent">And sith he is <i>boun</i> to fare. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2175" id = "line2175">2175</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent leaves Portugal.</span> +<p>‘Portyngale, haue good day</p> +<p>For Sevyn<sup>)</sup> yere, p<i>ar</i>maffay,</p> +<p class = "indent">P<i>ar</i> aventure som<sup>)</sup> dele +m<i>a</i>re!’</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>2170. This line begins with a big initial letter.<br /> +<i>Off</i> MS.</p> + +<p>2175. <i>boun</i>] <i>home</i> MS.</p> + +<p>2178. <i>more</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT TAKES THE CITY OF QUARELL.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza189" id = "stanza189" href = "#notes_stz189"> +(189)</a></h5> + +<p>Sir Torent passid the Grekys flood</p> +<p>In to a lond both riche and good, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2180" id = "line2180">2180</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Full̴ evyn<sup>)</sup> he toke the way +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2281]</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +He besieges the City of Quarell</span> +<p>To the <i>cite</i> of Quarell̴,</p> +<p>As the boke of Rome doth tell̴,</p> +<p class = "indent">There a soudan<sup>)</sup> lay.</p> +<p>There he smote and set adown<sup>)</sup> +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2185" id = "line2185">2185</a></span></p> +<p>And yaue asaute in to the town,</p> +<p class = "indent">That w<i>i</i>ll̴ the storye say.</p> +<p>So well̴ they vetelid were,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +for 2 years, and then takes it.</span> +<p>That he lay there two yere,</p> +<p class = "indent">Sith in<sup>)</sup> the town<sup>)</sup> went they. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2190" id = "line2190">2190</a></span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>2182. <i>cite</i>] <i>see</i> MS.</p> + +<p>2187. <i>well</i> MS.<br /> +<i>says</i> MS.</p> + +<p>2190. <i>And sith in to</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza190" id = "stanza190">(190)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +He has its inhabitants kild,</span> +<p>And tho s<i>ir</i> Torent ffound on<sup>)</sup> lyve, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2291]</span></p> +<p>He comaundid with spere and knyffe</p> +<p class = "indent">Smertely dede to be;</p> +<p>He said: ‘We haue be here</p> +<p>Moche of this two yere +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2195" id = "line2195">2195</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">And onward on<sup>)</sup> the thr<i>e</i>.’</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and shares its booty among his men.</span> +<p>All̴ the good, that s<i>ir</i> Torent wan<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p>He p<i>ar</i>tid it among his m<i>a</i>n<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p class = "indent">Syluer, gold and ffee;</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 112<i>a</i>.</span> +<p>And sith he is boun to ride +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2200" id = "line2200">2200</a></span></p> +<p>To a Cite there be-syde, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2301]</span></p> +<p class = "indent">That was worth such thre.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>2196. <i>thrid</i> MS.</p> + +<p>2198. <i>men</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page77" id = "page77">77</a></span> +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT TAKES ANOTHER CITY, AND GOES TO ANTIOCH.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza191" id = "stanza191" href = "#notes_stz191"> +(191)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent then besieges another heathen City for 6 years.</span> +<p>There he stode and smote adown<sup>)</sup></p> +<p>And leyd sege to the town<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p class = "indent">Six yere there he lay. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2205" id = "line2205">2205</a></span></p> +<p>By the VI yere were all̴ done,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +All its folk die of hunger.</span> +<p>With honger they were all̴ slone,</p> +<p class = "indent">That in the Cite lay.</p> +<p><i>The</i> Soudan sent to s<i>ir</i> Torent than<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p>With honger that thes people be slan, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2210" id = "line2210">2210</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">All̴ the folke of this Cite; +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2311]</span></p> +<p>‘Yf ye thinke here to lye,</p> +<p>Ye shall̴ haue wyne and spycery,</p> +<p class = "indent">I-nough is in this contre.’</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>2209. <i>The</i>] <i>A</i> MS.</p> + +<p>2209-14 put before 2203-8 MS.</p> + +<p>2210. <i>slayn</i> MS.</p> + +<p>2211. <i>thes</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza192" id = "stanza192" href = "#notes_stz192"> +(192)</a></h5> + +<p>Now god do his soule mede! +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2215" id = "line2215">2215</a></span></p> +<p>On the soudan<sup>)</sup> he had a dede</p> +<p class = "indent">Vppon<sup>)</sup> euery good ffryday.</p> +<p>I<i>es</i>u sent hym strengith I-nougħ,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent kills the Sultan,</span> +<p>With dynt of sword he hym slougħ,</p> +<p class = "indent">There went none quyk away. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2220" id = "line2220">2220</a></span></p> +<p>Down knelid that knyght +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2321]</span></p> +<p>And thankid god with all̴ his myȝt<sup>)</sup>:</p> +<p class = "indent">So ought he well̴ to say.</p> +<p>The Cite, that s<i>ir</i> Torent was yn<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p>Worldely goodis he left ther yn<sup>)</sup>, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2225" id = "line2225">2225</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">To kepe it nyght and day.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza193" id = "stanza193" href = "#notes_stz193"> +(193)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +goes to Antioch,</span> +<p>Sith he buskyd hym<sup>)</sup> to ride</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 112<i>b</i>.</span> +<p>In to a lond there be-syde,</p> +<p class = "indent">Antioche it hight.</p> +<p>Sevyn<sup>)</sup> yere at the Cite he lay +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2230" id = "line2230">2230</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and fights every good Friday.</span> +<p>And had batell̴ euery good ffryday, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2331]</span></p> +<p class = "indent">Vppon<sup>)</sup> the Sarȝins bryght;</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page78" id = "page78">78</a></span> +<p>And be the VII yere were gone,</p> +<p>The child, that the liberd had tane,</p> +<p class = "indent">Found hym his fill̴ off ffyght<span class = "dots"> +. . . . . .</span> +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2235" id = "line2235">2235</a></span></p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +2230-32 put before 2227-29 MS.</p> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT’S SON LEOBERTUS FIGHTS AGAINST HIM.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza194" id = "stanza194" href = "#notes_stz194"> +(194)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +The King of Jerusalem</span> +<p>The kyng of Ierusalem<sup>)</sup> herd tell̴</p> +<p>Of this lord good and fell̴,</p> +<p class = "indent">How doughtyly he hym bare.</p> +<p>Vppon<sup>)</sup> his knyght<i>es</i> can he call̴,</p> +<p>‘Ordeyn<sup>)</sup> swith among you all̴, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2240" id = "line2240">2240</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">For no thing that ye spare!’ +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2341]</span></p> +<p>They buskyd hem oute of the land,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +sends 50,000 knights,</span> +<p>The nombre off ffyfty thousa<i>n</i>d,</p> +<p class = "indent">Ageyn Torent ffor to ffare<span class = "dots"> . . +. .</span></p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +2243. <i>thousaid</i> MS.</p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza195" id = "stanza195" href = "#notes_stz195"> +(195)</a></h5> + +<p>The kyng of Ierusalem said thus: +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2245" id = "line2245">2245</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and his adopted son Leobertus (Torrent’s second boy)</span> +<p>‘My dere son, Liobertus,</p> +<p class = "indent">That thou be bold and wight!</p> +<p>Thou shalt be here and defend the lond</p> +<p>From that fals trayto<i>r</i>s hond</p> +<p class = "indent">And take the ordre of a knyght.’ +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2250" id = "line2250">2250</a></span></p> +<p>He yaue hym armes, or he did passe: +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2351]</span></p> +<p>Right as he ffound was,</p> +<p class = "indent">O<i>n</i> gold he bare bryght</p> +<p>A liberd of asure bla</p> +<p>A child be-twene his armes twa: +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2255" id = "line2255">2255</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Woo was her, that <i>se</i> it <i>my</i>ght!</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>2246. <i>Liobertious</i> MS.</p> + +<p>2253. <i>On</i>] <i>Of</i> MS.</p> + +<p>2254. <i>blay</i> (!) MS.</p> + +<p>2255. <i>tway</i> MS.</p> + +<p>2256. <i>ffulle woo</i> MS.<br /> +<i>se it m.</i>] <i>it ought</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza196" id = "stanza196" href = "#notes_stz196"> +(196)</a></h5> + +<p>Sir Torent wold no lenger abyde,</p> +<p>But thederward gan<sup>)</sup> he ride;</p> +<p class = "indent">And to the feld were brought</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +against Torrent.</span> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 113<i>a</i>.</span> +<p>Two knyght<i>es</i>, that were there in stede; +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2260" id = "line2260">2260</a></span></p> +<p>Many a man did they to blede, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2361]</span></p> +<p class = "indent">Such woundis they wrought.</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page79" id = "page79">79</a></span> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent’s son Leobertus</span> +<p>There durst no man com<sup>)</sup> Torent nere,</p> +<p>But his son, as ye may here,</p> +<p class = "indent">Though he knew hym nought. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2265" id = "line2265">2265</a></span></p> +<p>All̴ to nought he bet his shild,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +captures him.</span> +<p>But he toke his fader in the feld,</p> +<p class = "indent">Though he there of evill̴ thought.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT IS IMPRISOND IN JERUSALEM.</span></p> + + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza197" id = "stanza197" href = "#notes_stz197"> +(197)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent</span> +<p>Whan<sup>)</sup> s<i>ir</i> Torent was takyn<sup>)</sup> +than<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p>His men fled than<sup>)</sup>, euery man<sup>)</sup>, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2270" id = "line2270">2270</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">They durst no lenger abyde. +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2371]</span></p> +<p>Gret ruth it was to be hold,</p> +<p>How his sword he did vp-hold</p> +<p class = "indent">To his son<sup>)</sup> that tyde.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +is taken to Jerusalem</span> +<p>To Ierusalem<sup>)</sup> he did hym<sup>)</sup> lede, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2275" id = "line2275">2275</a></span></p> +<p>His actone and his other wede,</p> +<p class = "indent">All̴ be the kyngis side;</p> +<p>‘Sir,’ he said, ‘haue no care,</p> +<p>Thou shalte lyve and welfare,</p> +<p class = "indent">But lower ys thy pryde!’ +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2280" id = "line2280">2280</a></span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza198" id = "stanza198">(198)</a></h5> + +<p>Fro that s<i>ir</i> Torent was h<i>o</i>m brought, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2381]</span></p> +<p>Doughty men<sup>)</sup> vppon<sup>)</sup> hym<sup>)</sup> sought,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and thrust into prison,</span> +<p class = "indent">And in preson<sup>)</sup> they hym<sup>)</sup> +thro<i>ng</i>e.</p> +<p>His son above his hede lay,</p> +<p>To kepe hym<sup>)</sup> both nyȝt and day, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2285" id = "line2285">2285</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">He wist well̴, that he was strong.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +where his son Leobertus hears him lament a whole year.</span> +<p>Thus in p<i>re</i>son as he was,</p> +<p>Sore he siȝed and said alas,</p> +<p class = "indent">He couth none other songe.</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 113<i>b</i>.</span> +<p>Thus in bondys they held hym thare +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2290" id = "line2290">2290</a></span></p> +<p>A twelfmonyth and som dele mare, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2391]</span></p> +<p class = "indent">The knyght thought ffull̴ long.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>2281. <i>hom</i>] <i>hem</i> MS.</p> + +<p>2283. <i>And and</i> (!) MS.<br /> +<i>throuȝe</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page80" id = "page80">80</a></span> +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT’S SON ASKS FOR HIS FATHER’S FREEDOM.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza199" id = "stanza199" href = "#notes_stz199"> +(199)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent</span> +<p>In a mornyng as he lay,</p> +<p>To hym selfe gan<sup>)</sup> he say:</p> +<p class = "indent">‘Why lye I thus alone? +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2295" id = "line2295">2295</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +appeals to God</span> +<p>God, hast thou forsakyn<sup>)</sup> me?</p> +<p>All̴ my truste was in the,</p> +<p class = "indent">In lond where I haue gone!</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +who once enabled him to kill Dragons and Giants.</span> +<p>Thou gave me myȝt ffor to slee</p> +<p>Dragons two other thre +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2300" id = "line2300">2300</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">And giauntes meny one, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2401]</span></p> +<p>And now a man<sup>)</sup> in wekid lond</p> +<p>Hath myn<sup>)</sup> armo<i>ur</i> and stede in<sup>)</sup> hond:</p> +<p class = "indent">I wold, my liffe were done!’</p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +2299. <i>flee</i> MS.!</p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza200" id = "stanza200" href = "#notes_stz200"> +(200)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +His son Leobertus hears him,</span> +<p>His son herd hym<sup>)</sup> say soo +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2305" id = "line2305">2305</a></span></p> +<p>And in his hert was full̴ woo,</p> +<p class = "indent">In chamber there he lay;</p> +<p>‘Sir,’ he said, ‘I haue thy wede,</p> +<p>There shall̴ no man reioyse thy stede,</p> +<p class = "indent">Yf so be, that I may. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2310" id = "line2310">2310</a></span></p> +<p>By oure lady seynt Mary, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2411]</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and promises to get him freed.</span> +<p>Here shalt thou no lenger lye,</p> +<p class = "indent">Nether be nyȝt<sup>)</sup> ne be day;</p> +<p>As I am<sup>)</sup> Curtesse and hend,</p> +<p>To the kyng I shall̴ wend, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2315" id = "line2315">2315</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">And ffor thy love <i>hym</i> pray!’</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>2313. <i>Nether be day ne be nyȝt</i> MS.</p> + +<p>2316. <i>ffor thy love and pray this nyȝt</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza201" id = "stanza201">(201)</a></h5> + +<p>On<sup>)</sup> the morow whan<sup>)</sup> he Rose,</p> +<p>The prynce to the kyng gose</p> +<p class = "indent">And knelid vppon<sup>)</sup> his knee;</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 114<i>a</i>.</span> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Leobertus asks the King of Jerusalem for Torrent.</span> +<p>‘Sir,’ he said, ‘ffor godd<i>us</i> sonne, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2320" id = "line2320">2320</a></span></p> +<p>The knyght, that lieth in the dungeon<sup>)</sup>, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2421]</span></p> +<p class = "indent">Ye wold graunt hym<sup>)</sup> me!</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page81" id = "page81">81</a></span> +<p>I hard hym say be hym<sup>)</sup> alone,</p> +<p>Many Geaunt<i>es</i> had he slone</p> +<p class = "indent">And dragons II or thre.’ +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2325" id = "line2325">2325</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The King of Jerusalem grants Torrent to his elder son,</span> +<p>The kyng said: ‘Be my ffay,</p> +<p>Be warr<sup>)</sup>, he scape not away;</p> +<p class = "indent">I vouch hym saue on the!’</p> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT IS FREED, AND HONOURD IN JERUSALEM.</span></p> + + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza202" id = "stanza202" href = "#notes_stz202"> +(202)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +who frees him from prison,</span> +<p>The prynce in to the p<i>re</i>son went,</p> +<p>Torent by the hond he hent +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2330" id = "line2330">2330</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Oute of his bondys cold; +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2431]</span></p> +<p>To the castell̴ he brought hym sone</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +tho’ still fettering him.</span> +<p>And light ffettouris did hym<sup>)</sup> vppon<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p class = "indent">For brekyng oute off hold.</p> +<p>The kyng said: ‘Be my ffaye, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2335" id = "line2335">2335</a></span></p> +<p>And he euer scape away,</p> +<p class = "indent">Full̴ dere he shall̴ be sold!’</p> +<p>‘Sir,’ he said, ‘p<i>ar</i>maffay,</p> +<p>We wyll̴ hym<sup>)</sup> kepe, and we may:</p> +<p class = "indent">There of be ye bold!’ +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2340" id = "line2340">2340</a></span></p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +2331. <i>And toke hym oute</i> MS.</p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza203" id = "stanza203">(203)</a></h5> + +<p>For he was curtes knyght & free, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2441]</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent dines with the King,</span> +<p>At the mete sett was he</p> +<p class = "indent">By the kyng at the deyse.</p> +<p>‘Sir, thou haste i-bene</p> +<p>At Iustis and at tornement<i>es</i> kene, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2345" id = "line2345">2345</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Both in warr<sup>)</sup> and in peas:</p> +<p>Sith thy dwelling shall̴ be here,</p> +<p><i>I pray</i>, that thou woldist my son<sup>)</sup> lere,</p> +<p class = "indent">Hys Tymber ffor to asay.’</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and promises to teach his son Leobertus spearcraft.</span> +<p>‘Sir,’ he said, ‘I vnderstond, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2350" id = "line2350">2350</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 114<i>b</i>.</span> +<p>Affter the maner off my lond +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2451]</span></p> +<p class = "indent">I shall̴, with outen <i>delay</i>.’</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>2348. <i>I pray</i>] om. MS.</p> + +<p>2352. <i>delay</i>] <i>lese</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page82" id = "page82">82</a></span> +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT JOUSTS WITH HIS ELDER SON, AND OTHERS.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza204" id = "stanza204" href = "#notes_stz204"> +(204)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +The jousts at Jerusalem.</span> +<p>The castell̴ court was large w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> in<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p>They made ryngis ffor to Ren<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p class = "indent">None but they alone. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2355" id = "line2355">2355</a></span></p> +<p>Euery of hem to oþ<i>ur</i>e R<i>a</i>de:</p> +<p>Feyrer Tur<i>na</i>ment<i>es</i> than they made,</p> +<p class = "indent">Men sye never none.</p> +<p>The prynce in armes was full̴ preste,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent’s son Leobertus breaks 3 shafts on his Father.</span> +<p>Thre shaftys on<sup>)</sup> his fader he breste, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2360" id = "line2360">2360</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">In shevers they gan gone. +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2461]</span></p> +<p>Sir Torent said: ‘So mvt I thee,</p> +<p>A man of armes shall̴ thou be,</p> +<p class = "indent">Stalworth of blood and bone!’</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>2356. <i>Rode</i> MS.</p> + +<p>2357. <i>Turmentes</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza205" id = "stanza205">(205)</a></h5> + +<p>Harroldys of armes cryed on<sup>)</sup> hight, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2365" id = "line2365">2365</a></span></p> +<p>The prynce and that other knyght</p> +<p class = "indent">No more juste shall̴ thay;</p> +<p>But lordys of other lond,</p> +<p>Euery one to other ffond,</p> +<p class = "indent">And sith went theyre way. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2370" id = "line2370">2370</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The jousts last 6 weeks.</span> +<p>Sixe wekys he dwellid there, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2471]</span></p> +<p>Till̴ that all̴ delyu<i>er</i>d were,</p> +<p class = "indent">That in the Cite <i>lay</i>.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +A Feast is held.</span> +<p>Tho they held a gestonye,</p> +<p>With all̴ man<i>er</i> of mynstralsye, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2375" id = "line2375">2375</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Tyll̴ the Sevynth day.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +2373. <i>lay</i>] <i>were</i> MS.</p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza206" id = "stanza206">(206)</a></h5> + +<p>Lordis with all̴ other thing</p> +<p>Toke leve at the kyng,</p> +<p class = "indent">Home theyre ways to passe.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent is declared victor.</span> +<p>That tyme they yaue Torent the floure +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2380" id = "line2380">2380</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 115<i>a</i>.</span> +<p>And the gre with moch honowre, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2481]</span></p> +<p class = "indent">As he well̴ worthy was.</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page83" id = "page83">83</a></span> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The King of Jerusalem promises to support Torrent.</span> +<p>The kyng said: ‘I shall̴ the yeve</p> +<p>Liffe and lyvelode, whill̴ I lyve,</p> +<p class = "indent">Thyn armo<i>ur</i>, as it was.’ +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2385" id = "line2385">2385</a></span></p> +<p>Whan he sye ffeyre ladyes wend,</p> +<p>He thought on her, that was so hend,</p> +<p class = "indent">And sighed and said: ‘Alas!’</p> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +DESONELL IS TOLD OF TORRENT’S VICTORY.</span></p> + + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza207" id = "stanza207" href = "#notes_stz207"> +(207)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +The King of Nazareth</span> +<p>The kyng of Naȝareth home went,</p> +<p>There that his lady lent, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2390" id = "line2390">2390</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">In his own<sup>)</sup> lede. +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2491]</span></p> +<p>‘Sir,’ she said, ‘ffor godd<i>us</i> pite,</p> +<p>What gentilman<sup>)</sup> wan<sup>)</sup> the gre?’</p> +<p class = "indent">He said, ‘So god me spede,</p> +<p>One of the ffeyrest knyghtis, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2395" id = "line2395">2395</a></span></p> +<p>That slepith on<sup>)</sup> som<i>er</i> nyght<i>es</i></p> +<p class = "indent">Or walkyd in wede;</p> +<p>He is so large of lym<sup>)</sup> and lith,</p> +<p>All̴ the world he hath justid with,</p> +<p class = "indent">That come to that dede.’ +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2400" id = "line2400">2400</a></span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza208" id = "stanza208" href = "#notes_stz208"> +(208)</a></h5> + +<p>‘Good lord,’ said Desonell̴, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2501]</span></p> +<p>‘For godd<i>us</i> love ye me tell̴,</p> +<p class = "indent">What armes that <i>h</i>e bare!’</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +tells Desonell that the Victor (Torrent) has an armd Giant as his +crest.</span> +<p>‘Damysell̴, also muste I the,</p> +<p>Syluer and asure beryth he, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2405" id = "line2405">2405</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">That wott I well̴ thare.</p> +<p>His Creste is a noble lond,</p> +<p>A Gyaunt with an<sup>)</sup> hoke in<sup>)</sup> hond,</p> +<p class = "indent">This wott I well̴, he bare.</p> +<p>He is so stiff at euery stoure, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2410" id = "line2410">2410</a></span></p> +<p>He is prynce and victoure, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2511]</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 115<i>b</i>.</span> +<p class = "indent">He wynneth the gree aye where.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +2403. <i>he</i>] <i>ye</i> MS.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page84" id = "page84">84</a></span> +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT AND HIS 2 SONS GO TO A JOUSTING.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza209" id = "stanza209" href = "#notes_stz209"> +(209)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +The Victor is a Knight of Portugal.</span> +<p>Of Portyngale a knyght he ys,</p> +<p>He wanne the town<sup>)</sup> of Raynes</p> +<p class = "indent">And the Cite of Quarell<i>e</i>; +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2415" id = "line2415">2415</a></span></p> +<p>At the last jurney that was sett,</p> +<p>The prynce, my broders son<sup>)</sup> <i>he mett</i>,</p> +<p class = "indent">And in his hond he ffell̴.</p> +<p>The prynce of Grece leth nere</p> +<p>There may no juster be his pere, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2420" id = "line2420">2420</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">For soth as I you tell̴: +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2521]</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The King of Nazareth proclaims a Jousting.</span> +<p>A dede of armes I shall̴ do crye</p> +<p>And send after hym<sup>)</sup> in hye.’</p> +<p class = "indent">Blith was Desonell̴.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>2415. <i>Quarellis</i> MS.</p> + +<p>2416. <i>that</i>] <i>he</i> add. MS.</p> + +<p>2417. <i>he m.</i>] <i>was gatt</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza210" id = "stanza210" href = "#notes_stz210"> +(210)</a></h5> + +<p>This dede was cried ffar and nere, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2425" id = "line2425">2425</a></span></p> +<p>The kyng of Ierusalem did it here,</p> +<p class = "indent">In what lond that it shold be.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The King of Jerusalem sends Torrent and his elder son Leobertus +to it.</span> +<p>He said: ‘Sone, anon right</p> +<p>Dight the and thy cryston<sup>)</sup> knyght,</p> +<p class = "indent">For sothe, theder will̴ we.’ +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2430" id = "line2430">2430</a></span></p> +<p>Gret lordys, that herith this crye, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2531]</span></p> +<p>Theder come richely,</p> +<p class = "indent">Everyman<sup>)</sup> in his degre.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The King of Greece brings the younger son, Antony Fitzgriffin.</span> +<p>The kyng of Grece did <i>make hym boun</i>,</p> +<p>With hym<sup>)</sup> come Antony ffyȝ greffon<sup>)</sup>, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2435" id = "line2435">2435</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">With moche solempnite<span class = "dots"> . . . . . +. .</span></p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +2434. <i>make hym b.</i>] <i>assigne</i> MS.</p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza211" id = "stanza211">(211)</a></h5> + +<p>‘The kyng of Naȝareth sent me,</p> +<p>That there shold a justynge be</p> +<p class = "indent">Of meny a cryston<sup>)</sup> knyght,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The Jousting is for a lady.</span> +<p>And all̴ is ffor a lady clere, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2440" id = "line2440">2440</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 116<i>a</i>.</span> +<p>That the justyng is cryed ffar and nere, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2541]</span></p> +<p class = "indent">Of men<sup>)</sup> of armes bryght.’</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page85" id = "page85">85</a></span> +<p>Gret joye it was to here tell̴,</p> +<p>How thes kyng<i>es</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> the knyghtis fell̴</p> +<p class = "indent">Come and semled to that ffyght. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2445" id = "line2445">2445</a></span></p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +2445. <i>semlend</i> MS.</p> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +THE JOUSTS AT NAZARETH BEGIN.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza212" id = "stanza212" href = "#notes_stz212"> +(212)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +Many folk come to the jousts.</span> +<p>There come meny another m<i>o</i>n<sup>)</sup>,</p> +<p>That thought there to haue to done,</p> +<p class = "indent">And than<sup>)</sup> to wend her way.</p> +<p>Whan<sup>)</sup> they come to the castell̴ gent,</p> +<p>A Roall̴ ffyght, verament, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2450" id = "line2450">2450</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">There was, the sothe to say. +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2551]</span></p> +<p>Trompes resyn<sup>)</sup> on the wall̴,</p> +<p>Lordys assembled in the hall̴,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +They sup</span> +<p class = "indent">And sith to souper yede thay.</p> +<p>They were recevid w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> rialte, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2455" id = "line2455">2455</a></span></p> +<p>Euery man<sup>)</sup> in his degre,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and sleep,</span> +<p class = "indent">And to her logyng went her way.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +2446. <i>man</i> MS.</p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza213" id = "stanza213" href = "#notes_stz213"> +(213)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +rise,</span> +<p>The lordys Rosyn all̴ be-dene</p> +<p>On the morow, as I wene,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +hear Mass,</span> +<p class = "indent">And went masse ffor to here. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2460" id = "line2460">2460</a></span></p> +<p>And ffurthermore w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-oute lent +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2561]</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and dine,</span> +<p>They wesh and to mete went,</p> +<p class = "indent">For to the ffeld they wold there.</p> +<p>After mete anon<sup>)</sup> right</p> +<p>They axid hors and armes bryght, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2465" id = "line2465">2465</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +then mount,</span> +<p class = "indent">To hors-bak went thay in ffere.</p> +<p>Knyghtis and lordys reuelid all̴,</p> +<p>And ladyes lay ou<i>er</i> the castell̴ wall̴,</p> +<p class = "indent">That semely to se were.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza214" id = "stanza214">(214)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +and begin to joust.</span> +<p>Than<sup>)</sup> eueryman toke spere in<sup>)</sup> hond, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2470" id = "line2470">2470</a></span></p> +<p>And euerych to other ffond, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2571]</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 116<i>b</i>.</span> +<p class = "indent">Smert boffett<i>es</i> there they yeld.</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page86" id = "page86">86</a></span> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent’s 2 sons joust.</span> +<p>The prynce of Ierusalem<sup>)</sup> and his brother,</p> +<p>Eueriche of hem<sup>)</sup> Ran to other<sup>)</sup></p> +<p class = "indent">Smertely in the feld<span class = "dots"> . . . . . +. . .</span> +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2475" id = "line2475">2475</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The younger, Antony, unhorses his brother Leobertus.</span> +<p>Though<sup>)</sup> Antony ffygryffon<sup>)</sup> yonger were,</p> +<p>His brother Leobert<i>us</i> he can down<sup>)</sup> bere;</p> +<p class = "indent">Sir Torent stode and be-held.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>2471. <i>ffound</i> MS.</p> + +<p>2472. <i>there th. y.</i>] <i>they yeldyd there</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT AND HIS SONS JOUST. HE IS VICTOR.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza215" id = "stanza215">(215)</a></h5> + +<p>‘Be my trouth,’ said Torent thanne,</p> +<p>‘As I am<sup>)</sup> a cryston<sup>)</sup> man +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2480" id = "line2480">2480</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">I-quytt shall̴ it be.’ +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2581]</span></p> +<p>Torent be-strode a stede strong</p> +<p>And hent a tymber gret and long,</p> +<p class = "indent">And to hym<sup>)</sup> rode he.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +2483 put before 2482 MS.</p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza216" id = "stanza216" href = "#notes_stz216"> +(216)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent rides down his younger son.</span> +<p>Torrent to hym rode so sore, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2485" id = "line2485">2485</a></span></p> +<p>That he to the ground hym<sup>)</sup> bare,</p> +<p class = "indent">And let hym<sup>)</sup> lye in<sup>)</sup> the +<i>bent</i>.</p> +<p>There was no man<sup>)</sup> hyȝe ne lowe,</p> +<p>That myght make Torent to bowe</p> +<p class = "indent">Ne his bak to bend. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2490" id = "line2490">2490</a></span></p> +<p>They justyd and turneyd there, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2591]</span></p> +<p>And eueryman<sup>)</sup> ffound his pere,</p> +<p class = "indent">There was caught no dethis d<i>e</i>nt.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +He and his sons are the best jousters.</span> +<p>Of all̴ the Justis, that there ware,</p> +<p>Torent the floure a way bare +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2495" id = "line2495">2495</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">And his sonnys, <i>verament</i>.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>2485 f.:</p> +<div class = "verse"> +<p><i>Torrent so sore to hym rode,</i></p> +<p><i>That he bare hym to the ground</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<p>2487. <i>bent</i>] <i>ffeld</i> MS.</p> + +<p>2493. <i>dynt</i> MS.</p> + +<p>2496. <i>ver.</i>] <i>in that tyde</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza217" id = "stanza217">(217)</a></h5> + +<p>And on<sup>)</sup> the morow, whan<sup>)</sup> it was day,</p> +<p>Amonge all̴ the lordys gay,</p> +<p class = "indent">That worthy were, <i>par de</i>,</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page87" id = "page87">87</a></span> +<p>Desonell̴ wold no lenger lend, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2500" id = "line2500">2500</a></span></p> +<p>But to s<i>ir</i> Torent gan<sup>)</sup> she wend +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2601]</span></p> +<p class = "indent">And knelid on her kne.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Desonell greets Torrent,</span> +<p>She said: ‘Welcom<sup>)</sup>, my lord s<i>ir</i> Torent!’</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 117<i>a</i>.</span> +<p>‘And so be ye, my lady gent!’</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and swoons.</span> +<p class = "indent">In sownyng than fell̴ she. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2505" id = "line2505">2505</a></span></p> +<p>Vp they cou<i>er</i>yd that lady hend,</p> +<p>And to mete did they wend</p> +<p class = "indent">With joye and solempnite.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>2499. <i>par de</i>] <i>in wede</i> MS.</p> + +<p>2502. <i>And on her kne she knelid</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +DESONELL GREETS TORRENT. HER BEAUTY.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza218" id = "stanza218" href = "#notes_stz218"> +(218)</a></h5> + +<p>Dame Desonell̴ be-sought the kyng.</p> +<p>That she myght, with oute lesyng, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2510" id = "line2510">2510</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Sytt with Torent alone. +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2611]</span></p> +<p>‘Yes, lady, be hevyn<sup>)</sup> kyng,</p> +<p>There shall̴ be no lettyng;</p> +<p class = "indent">Worthy is he, be seynt Iohn<sup>)</sup>!’</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +All go to Dinner.</span> +<p>Tho they washid and went to mete, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2515" id = "line2515">2515</a></span></p> +<p>And rially they were sett</p> +<p class = "indent">And s<i>er</i>uid worthely, <i>echone</i>.</p> +<p>Euery lord in<sup>)</sup> the hall̴,</p> +<p>As his state wold be-ffall̴,</p> +<p class = "indent">Were couplid with ladyes <i>schone</i>. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2520" id = "line2520">2520</a></span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>2514. <i>ffor welle worthy</i> MS.</p> + +<p>2517. <i>echone</i>] <i>verament</i> MS.</p> + +<p>2520. <i>schone</i>] <i>gent</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza219" id = "stanza219" href = "#notes_stz219"> +(219)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +Desonell is the fairest lady.</span> +<p>But of all̴ ladyes, that were there sene, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2621]</span></p> +<p>So ffeire myght there none bene</p> +<p class = "indent">As was dame Desonell̴.<span class = "dots"> . . . . +. . .</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The Kings of Jerusalem and Greece go to the</span> +<p>Thes two kyngis, that doughty ys,</p> +<p>To the Cite come, i-wys, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2525" id = "line2525">2525</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">With moche meyne <i>emell</i>.</p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +2526. <i>emell</i>] om. MS.</p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza220" id = "stanza220" href = "#notes_stz220"> +(220)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +King of Nazareth’s Castle.</span> +<p>To the castell̴ they toke the way,</p> +<p>There the kyng of Naȝareth lay,</p> +<p class = "indent">With hym<sup>)</sup> to speke on higħ.</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page88" id = "page88">88</a></span> +<p>At none the quene ete in<sup>)</sup> the hall̴, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2530" id = "line2530">2530</a></span></p> +<p>Amongist the ladyes ou<i>er</i> all̴, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2631]</span></p> +<p class = "indent">That couth moche curtesye.</p> +<p>Desonell̴ wold not lett,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Desonell sits by Torrent.</span> +<p>By s<i>ir</i> Torent she her sett,</p> +<p class = "indent">There of they had <i>envye</i><span class = "dots"> +. . . . . .</span> +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2535" id = "line2535">2535</a></span></p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +2535. <i>envye</i>] <i>wonder</i> MS.</p> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +DESONELL FINDS HER TWO SONS BY TORRENT.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza221" id = "stanza221">(221)</a></h5> + +<p>Whan<sup>)</sup> eyther of hem other be-held,</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 117<i>b</i>.</span> +<p>Off care no thyng they ffeld,</p> +<p class = "indent">Bothe her hert<i>es</i> were blithe.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +She tells the Lords how her</span> +<p>Gret lordys told she sone,</p> +<p>What poyntes he had for her done, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2540" id = "line2540">2540</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">They be-gan to be blithe; +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2641]</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Father sent her and her 2 Boys to sea;</span> +<p>And how her <i>fader</i> in the see did her do,</p> +<p>With her she had men<sup>)</sup> childre two;</p> +<p class = "indent">They waried hym<sup>)</sup> fell̴ sithe.</p> +<p>‘Sir kyng, in this wildernes, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2545" id = "line2545">2545</a></span></p> +<p>My two children<sup>)</sup> fro me revid w<i>e</i>s,</p> +<p class = "indent">I may no lenger hem<sup>)</sup> hide.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>2542. <i>fader</i>] om. MS.</p> + +<p>2546. <i>was</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza222" id = "stanza222">(222)</a></h5> + +<p><ins class = "correction" title = "open quote invisible">‘The</ins> +knyght yaue me ryng<i>es</i> two,</p> +<p>Euerich of hem<sup>)</sup> had one of thoo,</p> +<p class = "indent">Better saw I never none. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2550" id = "line2550">2550</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and how one was carried off by a Griffin, and the other by a +Leopard.</span> +<p>A Gryffon<sup>)</sup> bare the one away, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2651]</span></p> +<p>A liberd the other, p<i>ar</i>maffay,</p> +<p class = "indent">Down<sup>)</sup> by a Roche of stone.’</p> +<p>Than<sup>)</sup> said the kyng of Ierusalem<sup>)</sup>:</p> +<p>‘I ffound one by a water streme, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2555" id = "line2555">2555</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">He levith w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> blood & bone.’</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Leobertus and Antony are these boys.</span> +<p>The kyng of Grece said: ‘My brother,</p> +<p>Antony my son<sup>)</sup> brought me anoþ<i>ur</i>e.’</p> +<p class = "indent">She saith: ‘Soth, be seynt Iohn<sup>)</sup>?’</p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +2556. <i>levith</i>] <i>yet</i> add. MS.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page89" id = "page89">89</a></span> +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT INVITES 3 KINGS TO PORTUGAL.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza223" id = "stanza223">(223)</a></h5> + +<p>The kyng said: ‘Sith it is so, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2560" id = "line2560">2560</a></span></p> +<p>Kys ye youre fader bo, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2661]</span></p> +<p class = "indent">And axe hym<sup>)</sup> his blessyng!’</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent’s 2 Sons kneel and ask his blessing.</span> +<p>Down<sup>)</sup> they knelid on<sup>)</sup> her knee:</p> +<p>‘Thy blessing, ffader, for charite!’</p> +<p class = "indent">‘Welcom<sup>)</sup>, children<sup>)</sup> +y<i>i</i>ng!’ +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2565" id = "line2565">2565</a></span></p> +<p>Thus in armes he hem<sup>)</sup> hent,</p> +<p>A blither man<sup>)</sup> than<sup>)</sup> s<i>ir</i> Torent</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 118<i>a</i>.</span> +<p class = "indent">Was there none levyng;</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +He rejoices in them and their Mother,</span> +<p>It was no wonder, thouȝe it so were;</p> +<p>He had his wiffe and his children<sup>)</sup> there, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2570" id = "line2570">2570</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">His joye be-gan<sup>)</sup> to spryng. +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2671]</span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>2561. <i>bothe</i> MS.</p> + +<p>2565. <i>yong</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza224" id = "stanza224">(224)</a></h5> + +<p>Of all̴ the justis, that were thare,</p> +<p>A way the gre his sonnys bare,</p> +<p class = "indent">That doughty were in dede.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and thanks the Kings for taking care of them.</span> +<p>Torent knelid vppon<sup>)</sup> his knee +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2575" id = "line2575">2575</a></span></p> +<p>And said: ‘God yeld you, lordys ffree,</p> +<p class = "indent">Thes children<sup>)</sup> that ye haue ffed:</p> +<p>Euer we will̴ be at youre will̴,</p> +<p>What jurney ye will̴ put vs tyll̴,</p> +<p class = "indent">So I<i>es</i>u be oure spede, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2580" id = "line2580">2580</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +He asks the Kings to Portugal.</span> +<p>With that the kyng thre +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2681]</span></p> +<p>In to my lond will̴ wend w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> me,</p> +<p class = "indent">For to wreke oure stede.’</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza225" id = "stanza225" href = "#notes_stz225"> +(225)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +All agree to go.</span> +<p>They graunted that there was,</p> +<p>Gret lordys more and lesse, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2585" id = "line2585">2585</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Bothe knyght and squiere;</p> +<p>And with Desonell̴ went</p> +<p>Al the ladyes, that were gent,</p> +<p class = "indent">That of valew were.</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page90" id = "page90">90</a></span> +<p>Shippis had they stiff and strong, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2590" id = "line2590">2590</a></span></p> +<p>Maistis gret and sayles long, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2691]</span></p> +<p class = "indent">Hend, as ye may here,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Their ships arrive at Portugal.</span> +<p>And markyd in to Portingale,</p> +<p>Whan<sup>)</sup> they had pullid vp her sayll̴,</p> +<p class = "indent">With a wynd so clere. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2595" id = "line2595">2595</a></span></p> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT, DESONELL, AND THEIR SONS, GO TO PORTUGAL.</span></p> + + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza226" id = "stanza226" href = "#notes_stz226"> +(226)</a></h5> + +<p>The riche quene of that lond</p> +<p>In her castell̴ toure gan stond</p> +<p class = "indent">And be-held in<sup>)</sup>-to the see.</p> +<p>‘Sone,’ she said to a knyght,</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 118<i>b</i>.</span> +<p>‘Yonder of shippis I haue a sight, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2600" id = "line2600">2600</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">For sothe, a grett meyne.’ +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2701]</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The Queen</span> +<p>The quene said: ‘Verament,</p> +<p>I se the armes of s<i>ir</i> Torent,</p> +<p class = "indent">I wott well̴, it is he.’</p> +<p>He answerid and said tho: +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2605" id = "line2605">2605</a></span></p> +<p>‘Madam, I will̴, that it be so,</p> +<p class = "indent">God gefe grace, that it so be!’</p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +2605-7 put before 2602-4 MS.</p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza227" id = "stanza227">(227)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +welcomes</span> +<p>A blither lady myȝt none be,</p> +<p>She went ageyn hym<sup>)</sup> to the see</p> +<p class = "indent">With armed knyght<i>es</i> kene. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2610" id = "line2610">2610</a></span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent and his friends,</span> +<p>Torent she toke by the hond: +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2711]</span></p> +<p>‘Lordys of vncouth lond,</p> +<p class = "indent">Welcom muste ye bene!’</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and swoons when she sees her daughter Desonell.</span> +<p>Whan she sye Desonell̴,</p> +<p>Swith in<sup>)</sup> sownyng she fell̴ +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2615" id = "line2615">2615</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">To the ground so <i>gr</i>ene.</p> +<p>Torent gan<sup>)</sup> her vp ta:</p> +<p>‘Here bene her children<sup>)</sup> twa,</p> +<p class = "indent">On lyve thou shalt hem see<i>ne</i>!’</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>2616. <i>grene</i>] <i>kene</i> MS.</p> + +<p>2619. <i>see</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page91" id = "page91">91</a></span> +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT WEDS DESONELL. HIS SONS MADE HEIRS OF KINGS.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza228" id = "stanza228">(228)</a></h5> + +<p>In the Castell̴ of Portyngale +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2620" id = "line2620">2620</a></span></p> +<p>A-Rose trumpes <i>of</i> hede vale, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2721]</span></p> +<p class = "indent">To mete they went on<sup>)</sup> hye.</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent holds a great feast,</span> +<p>He sent letters ffar and nere;</p> +<p>The lordys, that of valew were,</p> +<p class = "indent">They come to that gestonye. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2625" id = "line2625">2625</a></span></p> +<p>The Emp<i>er</i>oure of Rome,</p> +<p>To that gestonye he come,</p> +<p class = "indent">A noble knyght on<sup>)</sup> hyȝe.</p> +<p>Whan<sup>)</sup> all̴ thes lordys com w<i>e</i>re,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and weds Desonell.</span> +<p>Torrent weddid that lady clere, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2630" id = "line2630">2630</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">A justyng did he crye. +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2731]</span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>2621. <i>of</i>] om. MS.</p> + +<p>2629. <i>ware</i> MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza229" id = "stanza229" href = "#notes_stz229"> +(229)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 119<i>a</i>.</span> +<p>So it ffell̴ vppon a day,</p> +<p>The kyng of Ierusalem<sup>)</sup> gan say:</p> +<p class = "indent">‘Sir, thy sonne I ffound</p> +<p>Lying in a libert<i>es</i> mouth, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2635" id = "line2635">2635</a></span></p> +<p>And no good he ne couth,</p> +<p class = "indent">Dede he was nere hond:</p> +<p>Wold thou, that he dwellid w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> me,</p> +<p>Till̴ that I dede be,</p> +<p class = "indent">And sith reioyse my lond?’<span class = "dots"> . . +. . . .</span> +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2640" id = "line2640">2640</a></span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza230" id = "stanza230">(230)</a></h5> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +He gives his son Leobertus as heir to the King of Jerusalem;</span> +<p>Be fore lordys of gret renown<sup>)</sup>, +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2741]</span></p> +<p>Torent gaue hym<sup>)</sup> his son<sup>)</sup><span class = "dots"> +. . . . . . . .</span></p> +<p class = "indent">The kyng of Grece said: ‘S<i>ir</i> knyght,</p> +<p>I yeff thy son all̴ my right</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and his son Antony as heir to the King of Greece.</span> +<p>To the Grekys flood: +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2645" id = "line2645">2645</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Wouch thou saue, he dwell̴ w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> +me?’</p> +<p>‘Yea, Lord, so mut I thee,</p> +<p class = "indent">God yeld you all̴ this good!’</p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page92" id = "page92">92</a></span> +<p>For s<i>ir</i> Torent was stiff in stoure,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent is elected Emperor.</span> +<p>They chose hym ffor Emp<i>er</i>oure, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2650" id = "line2650">2650</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">Beste of bone and blood. +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2751]</span></p> +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +2645. <i>flood</i>] <i>I plight</i> add. MS.</p> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +TORRENT IS MADE EMPEROR. HE DIES.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza231" id = "stanza231" href = "#notes_stz231"> +(231)</a></h5> + +<p>Gret lordys, that there were,</p> +<p>Fourty days dwellith there,</p> +<p class = "indent">And sith they yode her way;</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent gives his 2 Sons a Sword each.</span> +<p>He yaue his sonnys, as ye may here, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2655" id = "line2655">2655</a></span></p> +<p>Two swerdys, that were hym<sup>)</sup> dere,</p> +<p class = "indent">Ech of hem<sup>)</sup> one had they.</p> +<p>Sith he did make vp-tyed</p> +<p>Chirchus and abbeys wyde,</p> +<p class = "indent">For hym<sup>)</sup> and his to praye. +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2660" id = "line2660">2660</a></span></p> +<p>In Rome this Romans berith the crown<sup>)</sup> +<span class = "linenum halliwell">[2761]</span></p> +<p>Of all̴ kerpyng of Renown<sup>)</sup>:</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +He lies in a fair Abbey.</span> +<p class = "indent">He leyth in a feire abbey.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "linenote"> +<p>2654. <i>And sith her way they yode</i> MS.</p> + +<p>2663. <i>leyth</i>] <i>in Rome</i> add. MS.</p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<h5><a name = "stanza232" id = "stanza232">(232)</a></h5> + +<p>Now I<i>es</i>u Cryst, that all̴ hath wrought,</p> +<span class = "sidenote folio"> +f. 119<i>b</i>.</span> +<p>As he on the Rode vs bought, +<span class = "linenum"> +<a name = "line2665" id = "line2665">2665</a></span></p> +<p class = "indent">He geve hvs his blessing,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +May Christ grant us Heaven!</span> +<p>And as he died for you and me,</p> +<p>He graunt vs in blis to be,</p> +<p class = "indent"><i>Lesse and mare, both old and ying!</i> Amen.</p> + +</div> + +<p class = "linenote"> +2669. <i>Oute of this world whan<sup>)</sup> we shalle wend</i> MS.</p> + + +<h5>Explicit Torent of Portyngale.</h5> + +</div> + +<div class = "fragments"> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page93" id = "page93">93</a></span> + +<h3><a name = "fragments" id = "fragments">THE FRAGMENTS.</a></h3> + +<h4><a name = "fragI" id = "fragI">I.</a> +<a class = "tag" name = "tagF1" id = "tagF1" href = "#noteF1">1</a></h4> + +<p class = "subhead"> +[<i>The King of Portugal plots Torrent’s death.</i>]</p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Desonell gives Torrent a Horse</span> +<p>[T] <span class = "fulldots">. . . .</span> est hym vp<span class = +"fulldots"> . . . .</span> +<span class = "linenum">462</span></p> +<p><span class = "fulldots">. . . . .</span> chent be for to fle</p> +<p><span class = "fulldots">. . . . .</span> ly ivyll he gone +<span class = "linenum">464</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +which the King of Nazareth had sent her.</span> +<p>The kynge of Nazareth sent hym me,</p> +<p>Torent, I wot-saue hym on the,</p> +<p class = "indent">For better loue I none!’ +<span class = "linenum">467</span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<p>Afterwarde vpon a tyde,</p> +<p>As they walkyd by the ryvers syde,</p> +<p class = "indent">The kynge and yonge Torent, +<span class = "linenum">470</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The King</span> +<p>This lorde wolde fayne, that he dede were</p> +<p>And he wyst nat, on what manere,</p> +<p class = "indent">Howe he myght hym shent. +<span class = "linenum">473</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +treacherously</span> +<p>A fals letter made the kynge</p> +<p>And made a messangere it brynge,</p> +<p class = "indent">On the ryuer syde as they went, +<span class = "linenum">476</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +asks Torrent to get Desonell a Falcon</span> +<p>To Torent, that was true as stele,</p> +<p>If he loued Dyssonell wele,</p> +<p class = "indent">Gete hir a faucon gent. +<span class = "linenum">479</span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<p>Torent the letter began to rede,</p> +<p>The kynge came nere and lystened,</p> +<p class = "indent">As thoughe he it neuer had sene. +<span class = "linenum">482</span></p> +<p>The kynge sayde, ‘what may this be?’</p> +<p>‘Lorde, it is sent to me</p> +<p class = "indent">For a faucon shene; +<span class = "linenum">485</span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<p>I ne wote, so God me spede,</p> +<p>In what londe that they brede.’</p> +<p class = "indent">The kynge sayde, ‘as I herde sayne, +<span class = "linenum">488</span></p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page94" id = "page94">94</a></span> +<p class = "dots">. . . . . . . . . . . .</p> +<p class = "dots">. . . . . . . . . . . .</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +from the Forest of Magdalen.</span> +<p class = "indent">In the forest of Maudelayne +<span class = "linenum">491</span></p> + +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +FRAG. 2. TORRENT GOES TO THE FOREST OF MAUDELAYNE.</span></p> + +<h4><a name = "fragII" id = "fragII">II.</a> +<a class = "tag" name = "tagF2" id = "tagF2" href = "#noteF2">2</a></h4> + +<div class = "stanza"> + +<p>Than sayde [the] kyn[g] vntrue, +<span class = "linenum">492</span></p> +<p>‘And ye fynde haw[k]es of great value,</p> +<p class = "indent">Brynge me one with the!’ +<span class = "linenum">494</span></p> +<p>Torent sayd: ‘so God me saue,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent agrees to do it.</span> +<p>Yf it betyde, that I any haue,</p> +<p class = "indent">At your wyll shall they be.’ +<span class = "linenum">497</span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<p>To his squyer bade he thare,</p> +<p>After his armoure to fare,</p> +<p class = "indent">In the felde abode he; +<span class = "linenum">500</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +He rides</span> +<p>They armed hym in his wede,</p> +<p>He bestrode a noble stede</p> +<p><span class = "fulldots">. . . . . . . . . .</span> +<span class = "linenum">503</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +to the Forest of Magdalen,</span> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<p>Torent toke the way agayne</p> +<p>Unto the forest of Maudelayne,</p> +<p class = "indent">In a wylsome way; +<span class = "linenum">506</span></p> +<p>Berys and apes there founde he</p> +<p>And wylde bestys great plente</p> +<p class = "indent">And lyons, where they lay. +<span class = "linenum">509</span></p> +<p>In a wode, that is tyght,</p> +<p>It drewe towarde the nyght.</p> +<p class = "indent">By dymmynge of the day +<span class = "linenum">512</span></p> +<p>Lysten, lordes, of them came wo,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +gets separated from his Squire,</span> +<p>He and his squyer departed in two,</p> +<p class = "indent">Carefull men then were they. +<span class = "linenum">515</span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<p>At a shedynge of a rome</p> +<p>Eyther departed other frome,</p> +<p class = "indent">As I vnderstande. +<span class = "linenum">518</span></p> +<p>Torent taketh a dolefull way</p> +<p>Downe into a depe valay,</p> +<p><span class = "fulldots">. . . . . . . . . .</span> +<span class = "linenum">521</span></p> +</div> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page95" id = "page95">95</a></span> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +FRAG. 3. TORRENT IS TO FIGHT THE CALABRIAN GIANT, SLOGUS.</span></p> + +<h4><a name = "fragIII" id = "fragIII">III.</a> +<a class = "tag" name = "tagF3" id = "tagF3" href = "#noteF3">3</a></h4> + +<p class = "subhead"> +[<i>The King of Portugal sends Torrent to be kild by the Giant +Slogus.</i>]</p> + +<div class = "stanza"> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent sits at the head of a side table.</span> +<p><span class = "fulldots">. . . . . . . . . . . .</span> +<span class = "linenum">819</span></p> +<p>And the good squyres after h[ym],</p> +<p>That knyghtes sholde be. +<span class = "linenum">821</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The King asks Torrent if he’ll</span> +<p>As they were a-myddes theyr<span class = "dots"> . . .</span></p> +<p>The kynge wolde not forgete,</p> +<p class = "indent">To Torente than sayd he, +<span class = "linenum">824</span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<p>He sayd: ‘so god me saue,</p> +<p>Fayne thou woldest my dough[ter haue],</p> +<p class = "indent">Thou hast loued her many a d[aye].’ +<span class = "linenum">827</span></p> +<p>‘Ye, by my trouthe,’ sayd Torente,</p> +<p>‘And I were a ryche man,</p> +<p class = "indent">Ryght gladly by my faye.’ +<span class = "linenum">830</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +do a deed of arms for Desonell.</span> +<p>‘If thou durst for her sake</p> +<p>A poynte of armes vndertake,</p> +<p class = "indent">Thou broke her vp for ay.’ +<span class = "linenum">833</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +‘Yes,’ says Torrent.</span> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<p>‘Ye,’ sayde he, ‘or I go,</p> +<p>Sykernes thou make me so</p> +<p class = "indent">Of thy doughter hende. +<span class = "linenum">836</span></p> +<p>Ye and after all my ryghtes</p> +<p>By VII score of hardy knyghtes’</p> +<p class = "indent">Al they were Torentes frende. +<span class = "linenum">839</span></p> +<p>‘Now, good lordes, I you praye,</p> +<p>Bere wytnes of this day</p> +<p class = "indent">Agayne yf god me sende!’ +<span class = "linenum">842</span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<p>Torente sayd, ‘so may I the,</p> +<p>Wyst I, where my jorney shold [be],</p> +<p class = "indent">Thyder I wolde me dyghte.’ +<span class = "linenum">845</span></p> +<p>The kyng gaue hym an answ[e]re,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +‘Then go to Calabria,</span> +<p>‘In the londe of Caleb[e]re</p> +<p class = "indent">There wonneth a gyaunte wygh[hte] +<span class = "linenum">848</span></p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page96" id = "page96">96</a></span> +<p class = "dots">. . . . . . . . . . . .</p> +<p>Slogus he hyght as I the tolde,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and fight the Giant Slogus.’</span> +<p class = "indent">God sende the that waye ryghte!’ +<span class = "linenum">851</span></p> +</div> + + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +FRAG. 4. TORRENT WILL NOT GIVE UP HIS GIANT-FIGHT.</span></p> + +<h4><a name = "fragIV" id = "fragIV">IV.</a> +<a class = "tag" name = "tagF4" id = "tagF4" href = "#noteF4">4</a></h4> + +<p class = "subhead"> +[<i>Torrent is offerd a Princess of Provyns.</i>]</p> + +<div class = "stanza"> + +<span class = "sidenote"> +The king of Provyns warns</span> +<p class = "dots">. . . . . . . . . . .</p> +<p class = "dots">. . . . . . . . . . .</p> +<p class = "indent">For why I wyll the saye, +<span class = "linenum">917</span></p> +<p>Moche folke of that countre</p> +<p>Cometh heder for socoure to me,</p> +<p class = "indent">Bothe by nyghte and by daye. +<span class = "linenum">920</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +him against the terrible Giant there,</span> +<p>There is a gyaunte of grete renowne,</p> +<p>He destroyeth bothe cyte and towne</p> +<p class = "indent">And all that he may. +<span class = "linenum">923</span></p> +<p>As bokes of rome tell,</p> +<p>He was goten with the deuyll of hell,</p> +<p class = "indent">As his moder slepynge lay.’ +<span class = "linenum">926</span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<p>The kynge sayde, ‘by Saynt Adryan,</p> +<p>I rede, a nother gentylman</p> +<p class = "indent">Be there and haue the degre. +<span class = "linenum">929</span></p> +<p>I haue a doughter, that me is dere,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and offers him his Daughter and 2 Duchies.</span> +<p>Thou shalte wedde her to thy fere,</p> +<p class = "indent">And yf it thy wyll be, +<span class = "linenum">932</span></p> +<p>Two duchyes in honde</p> +<p>I wyll gyue her in londe.’</p> +<p class = "indent">‘Gramercy, syr,’ sayd he, +<span class = "linenum">935</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent says he must keep his troth.</span> +<p>‘With my tonge I haue so wrought,</p> +<p>To breke my day wyll I nought,</p> +<p class = "indent">Nedes me behoueth there to be.’ +<span class = "linenum">938</span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<p>‘On Goddes name,’ the kynge gan sayne,</p> +<p>‘Ie<i>s</i>u brynge the saffe agayne,</p> +<p class = "indent">Lorde, moche of myght!’ +<span class = "linenum">941</span></p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page97" id = "page97">97</a></span> +<p>Mynstralsy was them amonge,</p> +<p>With harpe, fedyll and songe,</p> +<p class = "indent">Delycyous notes on hygh[t]e. +<span class = "linenum">944</span></p> +<p>Whan it was tyme, to bed they wente,</p> +<p>And on the morowe rose Torente</p> +<p class = "indent">And toke leue of kynge and knyght +<span class = "linenum">947</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent starts,</span> +<p>And toke a redy way.</p> +</div> + + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +FRAG. 5. TORRENT HEARS OF THE CALABRIAN GIANT, SLOGUS.</span></p> + +<h4><a name = "fragV" id = "fragV">Fragment V.</a> +<a class = "tag" name = "tagF5" id = "tagF5" href = "#noteF5">5</a></h4> + +<div class = "stanza"> + +<p>By the se syde as it lay,</p> +<p class = "indent">God sende hym gatys ryght! +<span class = "linenum">950</span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<p>An hye waye hath he nome,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +reaches Calabria,</span> +<p>Into Calabre is he come</p> +<p class = "indent">Within two dayes or thre. +<span class = "linenum">953</span></p> +<p>So he met folke hym agayne,</p> +<p>Fast comynge with carte and wayne</p> +<p class = "indent">Frowarde the se. +<span class = "linenum">956</span></p> +<p>‘Dere God,’ sayd Torente now,</p> +<p>‘Good folke, what eyleth you,</p> +<p class = "indent">That ye thus fast fle?’ +<span class = "linenum">959</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and hears of the Giant.</span> +<p>‘There lyeth a gyaunte here besyde,</p> +<p>For all this londe brode and wyde</p> +<p class = "indent">No man on lyue leueth he.’ +<span class = "linenum">962</span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<p>‘Dere God,’ sayd Torente then,</p> +<p>‘Wher euer be that fendes den?’</p> +<p class = "indent">They answered hym anone: +<span class = "linenum">965</span></p> +<p>‘In a castell in the see,</p> +<p>Slogus’ they sayd ‘hyght he,</p> +<p class = "indent">Many a man he hath slone. +<span class = "linenum">968</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The Giant Slogus is in Hungary.</span> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<p>We wote full well, where he doth ly</p> +<p>Byfore the cyte of Hungry,’</p> +<p><span class = "fulldots">. . . . . . . . . .</span> +<span class = "linenum">971</span></p> +</div> + + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page98" id = "page98">98</a></span> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +FRAG. 6. TORRENT FIGHTS A GIANT. DESONELL HAS TWINS.</span></p> + +<h4><a name = "fragVI" id = "fragVI">VI.</a> +<a class = "tag" name = "tagF6" id = "tagF6" href = "#noteF6">6</a></h4> + +<p class = "subhead"> +[<i>Torrent fights the Giant.</i>]</p> + +<p class = "mynote"> +The number and configuration of dots corresponds as closely as possible +to the printed book.</p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The giant says he’ll wring Torrent’s nose.</span> +<p><span class = "fulldots">. . . . . . </span>all the wrynge, +<span class = "linenum">1014</span></p> +<p><span class = "fulldots">. . . . . . . . </span>lynge</p> +<p class = "indent"> <span class = "fulldots">. . . . . . . . . +</span>thou the +<span class = "linenum">1016</span></p> +<p><span class = "fulldots">. . . . . . . . </span>he toke,</p> +<p><span class = "fulldots">. . . . . . . . </span>bare a croke</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +His Crook is 13 ft. long.</span> +<p><span class = "fulldots">. . . . . . . . </span>te longe and thre +<span class = "linenum">1019</span></p> +<p><span class = "fulldots">. . . . . . </span>ever so longe were</p> +<p><span class = "fulldots">. . . . . . . . </span>had no fere</p> +<p class = "indent"> <span class = "fulldots">. . . . </span>yd +darste thou come nere +<span class = "linenum">1022</span></p> +<p><span class = "fulldots">. . . . . </span>nte nolengre a-byde</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Torrent charges,</span> +<p><span class = "fulldots">. . . . . </span>nte wolde he ryde</p> +<p class = "indent"> <span class = "fulldots">. . . . </span>ghte. +<span class = "linenum">1025</span></p> +<p><span class = "fulldots">. . . . </span>one eye but one,</p> +<p><span class = "fulldots">. . . . . . </span>neuer none,</p> +<p class = "indent"> <span class = "fulldots">. . . </span>nor by +nyght. +<span class = "linenum">1028</span></p> +<p><span class = "fulldots">. . . . </span>lpe of god of heuen,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +pierces the Giant’s eye,</span> +<p><span class = "fulldots">. . . . . </span>herin euen,</p> +<p><span class = "fulldots">. . . . . . . . . . . .</span> +<span class = "linenum">1031</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and makes him roar.</span> +<p><span class = "fulldots">. . . . </span>gan to rore,</p> +<p><span class = "fulldots">. . . . </span>the cyte wore,</p> +<p class = "indent"> <span class = "fulldots">. . . </span>ay. +<span class = "linenum">1034</span></p> +<p><span class = "fulldots">. . . . </span>es eyen were oute</p> +<p><span class = "fulldots">. . . . . . . . </span>boute</p> +<p><span class = "fulldots">. . . . . . . . . . .</span> +<span class = "linenum">1037</span></p> +</div> + + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +FRAG. 7. DESONELL AND HER TWINS ARE SENT TO SEA.</span></p> + +<h4><a name = "fragVII" id = "fragVII">VII.</a> +<a class = "tag" name = "tagF7" id = "tagF7" href = "#noteF7">7</a></h4> + +<p class = "subhead"> +[<i>Desonell bears twins. All are sent out to sea. They reach +land.</i>]</p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<p>Thus the lady dwelled there, +<span class = "linenum">1807</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Desonell is delivered of 2 male children</span> +<p>Tyll that she delyuered were</p> +<p class = "indent">Of men chyldren two. +<span class = "linenum">1809</span></p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page99" id = "page99">99</a></span> +<p>Of all poyntes were they gent,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +like Torrent.</span> +<p>Lyke were they to Sir Torent,</p> +<p class = "indent">For his loue suffred they wo. +<span class = "linenum">1812</span></p> +<p>The kynge sayd, ‘so mote I the,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Her Father says she shall be sent out to sea.</span> +<p>Thou shalt into the se</p> +<p class = "indent">Without wordes mo. +<span class = "linenum">1815</span></p> +<p>Every kynges doughter fer and nere</p> +<p>At the they shall lere,</p> +<p class = "indent">Agaynst right to do!’ +<span class = "linenum">1818</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +She is led from his land.</span> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<p>Great ruthe it was to se,</p> +<p>Whan they led that lady fre</p> +<p class = "indent">Out of hir faders lande. +<span class = "linenum">1821</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +The Queen bewails her daughter’s fate.</span> +<p>The quene, hir moder, was nere wode</p> +<p>For hir doughter, that gentyll fode,</p> +<p class = "indent">Knyghtes stode wepynge.<a class = "tag" name = +"tagF8" id = "tagF8" href = "#noteF8">8</a> +<span class = "linenum">1824</span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<p>A clothe of sylke toke they tho,</p> +<p>And departed it bytwene the chyldren two,</p> +<p class = "indent">Therin they were wonde. +<span class = "linenum">1827</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Desonell is sent to sea.</span> +<p>Whan they had shypped that gentyll thynge,</p> +<p>Anone she fell in swownynge</p> +<p class = "indent">At Peron on the sonde. +<span class = "linenum">1830</span></p> +<p>Whan that lady was downe fall,</p> +<p>On Iesu Cryste dyd she call.</p> +<p class = "indent">To defende hir with his honde: +<span class = "linenum">1833</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +She prays to Christ for her children.</span> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<p>‘Rightfull God, ye me sende</p> +<p>Some good londe on to lende,</p> +<p class = "indent">That my chyldren may crystened be[n].’ +<span class = "linenum">1836</span></p> +<p>She sayd, ‘ladyes fayre and gent,</p> +<p>Great well my lorde Sir Torent,</p> +<p class = "indent">Yf euer ye hym se[n]!’ +<span class = "linenum">1839</span></p> +<p>The wynde arose on the myght,</p> +<p>Fro the londe it blewe that lady bryght</p> +<p class = "indent">Into the se so grene. +<span class = "linenum">1842</span></p> +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page100" id = "page100">100</a></span> +</div> + +<p class = "headnote"><span class = "headnote"> +FRAG. 7. DESONELL AND HER TWINS REACH LAND.</span></p> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<p>Wyndes and weders hathe hir dryuen,</p> +<p>That in a forest she is aryuen,</p> +<p class = "indent">Where wylde bestys were. +<span class = "linenum">1845</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +Desonell and her twin babes reach land.</span> +<p>The se was ebbe and went hem fro</p> +<p>And left hir and hir chyldren two</p> +<p class = "indent">[Alo]ne without any fere. +<span class = "linenum">1848</span></p> +<p>Hir one chylde began to wepe,</p> +<p>The lady awoke out of hir slepe</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +She stills her crying child,</span> +<p class = "indent">And sayde, ‘be styll, my dere, +<span class = "linenum">1851</span></p> +<p>Ihesu Cryste hathe sent vs lande,</p> +<p>Yf there be any Crysten man at hande,</p> +<p class = "indent">We shall haue socoure here.’ +<span class = "linenum">1854</span></p> +</div> + +<div class = "stanza"> +<p>The carefull lady then was blythe,</p> +<p>To the londe she went full swythe,</p> +<p class = "indent">As fast as she myght. +<span class = "linenum">1857</span></p> +<p>Tyll the day began to sprynge,</p> +<p>Foules on trees merely gan synge</p> +<p class = "indent">Delicyous notes on hyght. +<span class = "linenum">1860</span></p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +goes up a mountain,</span> +<p>To a hyll went that lady fre,</p> +<p>Where she was ware of a cyte</p> +<p class = "indent">With toures fayre and bryght. +<span class = "linenum">1863</span></p> +<p>Therof I-wys she was fayne,</p> +<span class = "sidenote"> +and sits down.</span> +<p>She set hir downe, as I herd sayne,</p> +<p class = "indent">Hir chyldren for to dyght. +<span class = "linenum">1866</span></p> +</div> + +</div> +<!-- end div fragments --> + +<hr /> + +<h4>Footnotes to Fragments</h4> + +<div class = "footnote"> +<p><a name = "noteF1" id = "noteF1" href = "#tagF1">1.</a> +In Halliwell’s edition III.</p> + +<p><a name = "noteF2" id = "noteF2" href = "#tagF2">2.</a> +In Halliwell’s edition II.</p> + +<p><a name = "noteF3" id = "noteF3" href = "#tagF3">3.</a> +In Halliwell’s edition VI.</p> + +<p><a name = "noteF4" id = "noteF4" href = "#tagF4">4.</a> +In Halliwell’s edition V.</p> + +<p><a name = "noteF5" id = "noteF5" href = "#tagF5">5.</a> +In Halliwell’s edition IV.</p> + +<p><a name = "noteF6" id = "noteF6" href = "#tagF6">6.</a> +Printed in <i>Englische Studien</i>, VII. p. 347 f.</p> + +<p><a name = "noteF7" id = "noteF7" href = "#tagF7">7.</a> +In Halliwell’s edition I.</p> + +<p><a name = "noteF8" id = "noteF8" href = "#tagF8">8.</a> +wepande.</p> +</div> + + +<div class = "notes"> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page101" id = "page101">101</a></span> + +<h3><a name = "notes" id = "notes">NOTES.</a></h3> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz1" id = "notes_stz1" +href = "#stanza1">St. 1</a></h5> + +<p><span class = "smallcaps">Page</span> 1, <a href = "#line10">line +12</a>. Cf. <a href = "#line115">ll. 118</a>, <a href = +"#line185">187</a>, <a href = "#line190">190</a>, <a href = +"#line195">198</a>, <a href = "#line555">558</a>, <a href = +"#line925">924</a>, <a href = "#line1925">1924</a>, <a href = +"#line2180">2183</a>. So in <i>Eglamour</i> (Thornton Romances), +l. 408:</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +‘The boke of Rome thus can telle,’</p> + +<p>and <i>The Erl of Tolouse</i>, ed. Lüdtke, l. 1219:</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +‘Yn Rome thys geste cronyculyd ys.’</p> + +<p>See Halliwell’s and Lüdtke’s notes to these passages. I agree with +both of them, that an expression like that does not earnestly refer the +reader to a Latin or Italian source of the story; there is evidently no +difference at all between <i>in Rome</i> and <i>in romance</i>.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz2" id = "notes_stz2" +href = "#stanza2">St. 2</a></h5> + +<p>p. 1, <a name = "note15" id = "note15" href = "#line15">l. 15</a>. +<i>wyght</i> has been inserted instead of <i>dowghtty</i> in order to +restore the rhyme with <i>hyght</i>, <i>knyght</i>, <i>myght</i>; cf. +<i>Havelok</i>, ed. Skeat, l. 344:</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +‘He was fayr man and wicth.’</p> + +<p>p. 1, <a name = "note17" id = "note17" href = "#line15">l. 17</a> = +<i>Ipomadon</i>, l. 63. Parallel passages to this hyperbolic expression +are collected in Kölbing’s note to this line (p. 364).</p> + +<p>p. 1, <a name = "note24" id = "note24" href = "#line25">l. 24</a>. We +find the same idea as here, viz. that nobody can resist the will of God, +who has power over death and life, in <i>Sir Tristrem</i>, ll. +236 ff.:</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>‘Þat leuedi, nouȝt to lain,</p> +<p>For soþe ded is sche!</p> +<p>Who may be ogain?</p> +<p>As god wil, it schal be,</p> +<p>Vnbliþe.’</p> +</div> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz3" id = "notes_stz3" +href = "#stanza3">St. 3</a></h5> + +<p>p. 2, <a name = "note28" id = "note28" href = "#line25">l. 28</a>. I +have not met with the verb <i>fesomnen</i> anywhere else, and it is not +mentioned in Stratmann and Mätzner. Halliwell, Dictionary, p. 354, +explains it by ‘feoffed, gave in fee,’ doubtless regarding this very +passage, although he doesn’t cite it; might <i>fesomnyd</i> not be a +corruption from <i>sesyd</i>? cf. <i>Havelok</i>, ll. 250 f.:</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>‘Þat he ne dede al Engelond</p> +<p>Sone sayse intil his hond.’</p> +</div> + +<p>Hall writes to me on this word as follows: <i>fesomnyd</i> is, +I am convinced, not a word at all, but a scribe’s error for +<i>festonyd</i> or <i>festnyd</i> = confirmed, fixed. Comp. ’<i>And þat +ich hym wolde myd trewþe siker faste on honde</i>,’ Robert of Gloucester +(Hearne), p. 150. For this use of <i>fasten, fastnen</i>, comp. +’<i>But my forwarde with þe I festen on þis wyse</i>,’ Alliterative +Poems, p. 47, l. 327: ’<i>& folden fayth to þat fre, festned so +harde</i>,’ Sir +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page102" id = "page102">102</a></span> +Gawayne, p. 57, l. 1783: ’<i>And þis forward, in faith, +I festyn with hond</i>,’ Destruction of Troy, p. 22, l. 636. +See also Jamieson’s Scottish Dictionary, ii. p. 216, under <i>to +Fest</i>.</p> + +<p>p. 2, <a name = "note30" id = "note30" href = "#line30">l. 30</a>. I +am by no means sure that <i>fede</i> is the original reading, but I +wasn’t able to find a better word rhyming with <i>dedde</i>, +<i>wede</i>; even the <i>ne.</i> ‘feed’ means <i>pasture</i>, and that +is what we expect here.</p> + +<p>p. 2, <a name = "note31" id = "note31" href = "#line30">l. 31</a>. +For my correction cf. Lüdtke’s note to <i>The Erl of Tolouse</i>, l. +199, sub 2; <i>Eglam.</i>, l. 26:</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +‘That was a maydyn as whyte as fome,’</p> + +<p><i>Ib.</i> l. 683:</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +‘Crystyabelle as whyte as fome,’</p> + +<p>where the <i>Percy Folio MS.</i> reads:</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +‘Christabell that was as faire as sunn;’</p> + +<p><i>Chronicle of England</i>, l. 75 f.:</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>‘Ant nomeliche to thy lemmon,</p> +<p>That ys wyttore then the fom.’</p> +</div> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz5" id = "notes_stz5" +href = "#stanza5">St. 5</a></h5> + +<p>p. 2, <a name = "note50" id = "note50" href = "#line50">l. 50</a>. +The alteration of <i>And</i> and <i>bee</i> into <i>An</i> and +<i>see</i> seemed necessary; <i>sayment</i> is like Fr. +<i>essaiement</i>, Lat. <i>exagimentum</i>.</p> + +<p>p. 3, <a name = "note59" id = "note59" href = "#line60">l. 59</a>. +Cf. <a href = "#line1215">l. 1216 f.</a> and <i>The Lyfe of <ins class = +"correction" title = "text unchanged: elsewhere ‘Ipomadon’">Ipomydon</ins></i>, +ed. Kölbing, l. 1795:</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +‘If thou hyr haue, thou shalt hyr bye.’</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz7" id = "notes_stz7" +href = "#stanza7">St. 7</a></h5> + +<p>p. 3, <a name = "note77" id = "note77" href = "#line75">l. 77 f.</a> +As half of the stanza is lost, it is impossible to make out to whom +<i>they</i> refers. Nor do I believe that <a href = "#line75">l. 78</a> +is correct, especially as to <i>chaunce</i>.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz8" id = "notes_stz8" +href = "#stanza8">St. 8</a></h5> + +<p>p. 3, <a name = "note79" id = "note79" href = "#line80">l. 79</a>. +Cf. <i>Ipomadon</i>, ed. Kölbing, l. 8123:</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +‘A myle wyth in the Grekes see.’</p> + +<p>p. 3, <a name = "note80" id = "note80" href = "#line80">l. 80</a>. +<i>in an yle</i> is certainly the correct reading; <i>mauyle</i> was +introduced by a scribe who supposed it to be the giant’s name; but that +is mentioned some twenty lines later.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz13" id = "notes_stz13" +href = "#stanza13">St. 13</a></h5> + +<p>p. 5, <a name = "note136" id = "note136" href = "#line135">l. +136</a>. The correction of <i>lyght</i> into <i>ryght</i> I owe to Hall, +who refers me to the legend of <i>Sancta Maria Egyptiaca</i>; cf. f. i. +Barbour’s <i>Legends of Saints</i>, ed. Horstmann, I. +p. 143 ff.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz14" id = "notes_stz14" +href = "#stanza14">St. 14</a></h5> + +<p>p. 6, <a name = "note153" id = "note153" href = "#line150">l. +153</a>. <i>nowyd</i> = ‘anoyed’ gives a poor sense. Hall suggests +<i>nowtyd</i>; cf. E. D. S., No. 6, Ray’s <i>North Country Words</i>, +p. 59, <i>note</i>, to push, strike or soar, with the horn, as a +bull or ram,’ ab. A.S. <i>huitan</i>, ejusdem significationis. The word +might then mean ‘spurred.’</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz16" id = "notes_stz16" +href = "#stanza16">St. 16</a></h5> + +<p>p. 6, <a name = "note171" id = "note171" href = "#line170">l. 171</a> += <a href = "#line595">l. 596</a>. This alliterative binding is a very +frequent one; cf. <i>Sir Orfeo</i>, ed. Zielke, p. 9.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz17" id = "notes_stz17" +href = "#stanza17">St. 17</a></h5> + +<p>p. 7, <a name = "note188" id = "note188" href = "#line185">l. +188</a>. The same rhyme, which I have restored here, occurs <a href = +"#line560">l. 559 f.</a></p> + +<p>p. 7, <a name = "note190" id = "note190" href = "#line190">l. +190</a>. <i>Yt tellythe</i> = <i>Yt is told</i>; cf. Lüdtke, note to +<i>The Erl of Tolouse</i>, l. 1070, and Sarrazin, note to +<i>Octavian</i>, l. 1749.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz22" id = "notes_stz22" +href = "#stanza22">St. 22</a></h5> + +<p>p. 9, <a name = "note236" id = "note236" href = "#line235">l. +236</a>. I was about to write, <i>Crystyn men thow they were</i>, +referring this line to the guardians of the lions; but, no doubt, Hall’s +reconstruction of the line, which I have put into the text, is far +better.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page103" id = "page103">103</a></span> +<p>p. 9, <a name = "note237" id = "note237" href = "#line235">l. +237</a>. <i>Hys browys wexe bla</i>, i.e. he turned pale, he was struck +with fear; cf. <i>bloo askes</i>, P. Pl., l. 1553, and the German +<i>aschfahl</i>. Quite a similar expression occurs in <i>Perceval</i>, +l. 687 f.:</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>‘Now sone of that salle wee see,</p> +<p>Whose browes schalle blakke.’</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Ib.</i> l. 1056:</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +‘His browes to blake.’</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz23" id = "notes_stz23" +href = "#stanza23">St. 23</a></h5> + +<p>p. 9, <a name = "note245" id = "note245" href = "#line245">l. +245</a>. Though <i>syghyng</i> gives no offence, still it may be, that +the author has written <i>syngyng</i>, and the scribe was wrong in +altering it; cf. Zupitza’s note to <i>Guy</i>, l. 5424.</p> + +<p>p. 9, <a name = "note251" id = "note251" href = "#line250">l. +251</a>. Cf. <a href = "#line800">l. 802</a>, <a href = +"#line1205">1204</a>, <i>Ipomadon</i>, l. 6481 f.:</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>‘Your nece of Calabyre, that lady clere,</p> +<p>Ys bovnden wyth a fendes fere.’</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Reliquiæ Antiquæ</i>, i. p. 241:</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>‘He seith bi niȝte and eke bi day,</p> +<p>That hy beth fendes ifere.’</p> +</div> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz25" id = "notes_stz25" +href = "#stanza25">St. 25</a></h5> + +<p>p. 10, <a name = "note265" id = "note265" href = "#line265">l. 265 +f.</a> The reading of these two lines is quite destroyed by the careless +scribe. My correction is not more than an attempt to restore the +rhyme.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz26" id = "notes_stz26" +href = "#stanza26">St. 26</a></h5> + +<p>p. 10, <a name = "note277" id = "note277" href = "#line275">l. 277 +ff.</a> There is nothing in Torrent’s words which could lead the +princess to a conclusion like that. I think that after <a href = +"#line275">l. 276</a> one stanza is wanting.</p> + +<p>p. 11, <a name = "note286" id = "note286" href = "#line285">l. +286-8</a>. As to the contents of these lines, Kölbing refers me to +<i>Englische studien</i>, vol. IV. p. 133 f., where F. Liebrecht +mentions a passage in <i>Sir Beves of Hamtoun</i>, according to which a +king’s daughter,—if she is a pure virgin,—can never be hurt +by a lion. Here we have another proof for this remarkable bit of +folk-lore.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz27" id = "notes_stz27" +href = "#stanza27">St. 27</a></h5> + +<p>p. 11, <a name = "note292" id = "note292" href = "#line290">l. +292</a> = <a href = "#line330">l. 329</a>.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz28" id = "notes_stz28" +href = "#stanza28">St. 28</a></h5> + +<p>p. 11, <a name = "note303" id = "note303" href = "#line300">l. +303</a> = <a href = "#line340">l. 342</a>.</p> + +<p>p. 11, <a name = "note305" id = "note305" href = "#line305">l. +305</a>. I am not quite sure whether I was right in substituting the +prince’s name—which is mentioned once more, the first time, as it +were, <a href = "#line340">l. 341</a>—for the name of his father’s +kingdom; but I didn’t see any other way of restoring the rhyme.</p> + +<p>p. 12, <a name = "note311" id = "note311" href = "#line310">l. +311</a>. Cf. <a href = "#line470">l. 469</a> and Skeat’s note to <i>Sir +Thopas</i>, l. 1927.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz30" id = "notes_stz30" +href = "#stanza30">St. 30</a></h5> + +<p>p. 12, <a name = "note334" id = "note334" href = "#line335">l. +334</a>. Instead of <i>he</i> I should prefer to read <i>they</i>: +Torrent has just admonished the prisoners to cheer up.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz31" id = "notes_stz31" +href = "#stanza31">St. 31</a></h5> + +<p>p. 13, <a name = "note344" id = "note344" href = "#line345">l. +344</a>. There must be something wrong in this line, because the name of +the third Earl’s son is missing; to write <i>the third</i> instead of +<i>of</i> may not suffice to put the text right; even the names +<i>Torren</i> and <i>Berweyne</i> seem to me very suspicious.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz34" id = "notes_stz34" +href = "#stanza34">St. 34</a></h5> + +<p>p. 14, <a name = "note379" id = "note379" href = "#line380">l. +379</a>. Cf. <i>Ipomadon</i>, l. 4245, <i>for Crystys dede</i>; +<i>Crystys</i> was substituted by Kölbing for <i>mannes</i>, which is +clearly wrong; he could as well have chosen <i>godes</i>.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz35" id = "notes_stz35" +href = "#stanza35">St. 35</a></h5> + +<p>p. 15, <a name = "note393" id = "note393" href = "#line390">l. 393 +ff.</a> Cf. Kölbing’s note to <i>Tristrem</i>, l. 736.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz38" id = "notes_stz38" +href = "#stanza38">St. 38</a></h5> + +<p>p. 16, <a name = "note427" id = "note427" href = "#line425">l. +427</a>. Of this allusion to Veland, Halliwell treats in his +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page104" id = "page104">104</a></span> +edition of <i>Sir Torrent</i>, p. vii f. Cf. Zupitza, <i>Ein +zeugnis für die Wieland-sage</i>, <i>Zeitschrift für deutsches +Alterthum</i>, Vol. XIX, p. 129 f.</p> + +<p>p. 16, <a name = "note429" id = "note429" href = "#line430">l. +429-31</a>. The line which follows l. 429 in the MS. is superfluous; it +damages the metre; and the rhyme with l. 430 won’t do. The old king +wishes to say; ‘I have seen the day when, if this sword wielded by +me fell on any one, he was considered done for, doomed to death.’ +Therefore l. 431, <i>I fawght therfor I told</i> has been corrected +into <i>Fawe they were I-told</i>. The scribe did not understand the +obsolescent word <i>fawe</i> or <i>faye</i>, so he wrote the nearest +word to it to make sense, <i>I-told</i> = ‘held, considered.’—<ins +class = "correction" title = "error for ‘J.’ (Joseph)?">I.</ins> +Hall.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz41" id = "notes_stz41" +href = "#stanza41">St. 41</a></h5> + +<p>p. 17, <a name = "note458" id = "note458" href = "#line455">l. +458</a>. Cf. Breul’s note to <i>Sir Gowther</i>, l. 410.</p> + +<p>p. 17, <a name = "note465" id = "note465" href = "#line465">l. +465</a>. Cf. <a href = "#line2060">l. 2061 f.</a></p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz48" id = "notes_stz48" +href = "#stanza48">St. 48</a></h5> + +<p>p. 20, <a name = "note542" id = "note542" href = "#line540">l. +542</a>. The scribe, who evidently didn’t know the pretty rare word +<i>clow</i>, has spoilt it to <i>colod</i>, or <i>colvd</i>; the same +rhyme, <i>clouȝ</i>, <i>drouȝ</i>, <i>anouȝ</i> occurs in <i>Sir +Tristrem</i>, l. 1761 ff. Nor did the scribe know the word <i>swowe</i> += ‘noise,’ and changed it to <i>swayne</i>; cf. Hall. Dict., +p. 843: <i>He come to him with a swowe</i>.</p> + +<p>p. 20, <a name = "note543" id = "note543" href = "#line540">l. +543</a>. <i>Of and on</i>, off and on, intermittently.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz49" id = "notes_stz49" +href = "#stanza49">St. 49</a></h5> + +<p>p. <ins class = "correction" title = "text has . for ,">21,</ins> +<a href = "#line555">l. 555</a>. <i>schyld</i> is not to the point here, +Torrent having only his sword at hand. The scribe has forgotten what he +has said himself, <a href = "#line525">l. 526</a> and <a href = +"#line550">549</a>; cf. <a href = "#line650">l. 652</a>.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz51" id = "notes_stz51" +href = "#stanza51">St. 51</a></h5> + +<p>p. 21, <a name = "note582" id = "note582" href = "#line580">l. +582-4</a>. We meet with this description twice more in the poem, <a href += "#line1515">ll. 1514-16</a>, and <a href = "#line1855">ll. +1858-60</a>.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz56" id = "notes_stz56" +href = "#stanza56">St. 56</a></h5> + +<p>p. 23, <a name = "note640" id = "note640" href = "#line640">l. +640</a>. On the meaning of <i>theff</i>, cf. Kölbing’s note to <i>Am. +and Amil.</i>, l. 787.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz58" id = "notes_stz58" +href = "#stanza58">St. 58</a></h5> + +<p>p. 24, <a name = "note659" id = "note659" href = "#line660">l. +659</a>. <i>of Perowne</i> is certainly wrong, as it does not agree with +the rhymes <i>stere</i>, <i>nere</i>, <i>fere</i>; but I don’t know how +to amend the line.</p> + +<p>p. 24, <a name = "note662" id = "note662" href = "#line660">l. +662</a>. <i>schere</i> gives no meaning; I write <i>stere</i> and +translate, There might nobody move further, <i>i.e.</i> the giant was +brought to a standstill in the glen.</p> + +<p>p. 24, <a name = "note665" id = "note665" href = "#line665">l. +665</a>. Cf. <a href = "#line435">ll. 434</a>, <a href = +"#line790">791</a>.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz60" id = "notes_stz60" +href = "#stanza60">St. 60</a></h5> + +<p>p. 25, <a name = "note688" id = "note688" href = "#line685">l. +688</a>. Cf. <i>Eglam.</i>, l. 324:</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +‘And to [the] herte hym bare.’</p> + +<p>The weak preterit tense of <i>berien</i> is very rare; if <i>bere</i> += A.S. <i>beran</i> sometimes has the same meaning, <i>i.e.</i> ‘to +strike,’ the reason is that A.S. <i>beran</i> and Icel. <i>berja</i> are +confounded.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz61" id = "notes_stz61" +href = "#stanza61">St. 61</a></h5> + +<p>p. 25, <a name = "note696" id = "note696" href = "#line695">l. +696</a>. <i>woo</i> can hardly stand for <i>wood</i>. It seems to me +like a last corruption of an old romance phrase, like <i>worthy inwith +wall (woȝe)</i>; possibly the line was simply so: <i>Thus in II journeys +Torrent so</i>.—Hall.</p> + +<p>p. 25, <a name = "note700" id = "note700" href = "#line700">l. +700</a>. On the use of M.E. <i>fote</i> as a plural see Zupitza’s note +to <i>Guy</i>, l. 598.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz63" id = "notes_stz63" +href = "#stanza63">St. 63</a></h5> + +<p>p. 26, <a name = "note722" id = "note722" href = "#line720">l. +722</a>. Hall suggests, the original phrase may have been: <i>pomely +whyt and grey</i>; cf. Chaucer, <i>C. T.</i>, Prol., l. +615 f.:</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>‘This reeve sat vpon a ful good stot,</p> +<p>That was al <i>pomely gray</i>, and highte Scot.’</p> +</div> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page105" id = "page105">105</a></span> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz65" id = "notes_stz65" +href = "#stanza65">St. 65</a></h5> + +<p>p. 27, <a name = "note744" id = "note744" href = "#line745">l. +744</a>. Cf. <a href = "#line785">l. 788</a>. On <i>St. James</i> cf. +Kölbing’s note to <i>Am. and Amil.</i>, l. 796.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz70" id = "notes_stz70" +href = "#stanza70">St. 70</a></h5> + +<p>p. 29, <a name = "note808" id = "note808" href = "#line805">l. 808 +f.</a> ‘In so dangerous conditions he has been before [and still come +back safe], so he will come back even this time.’</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz71" id = "notes_stz71" +href = "#stanza71">St. 71</a></h5> + +<p>p. 29, <a name = "note819" id = "note819" href = "#line820">l. +819</a>. On the meaning of the phrase ’<i>the bord beginne</i><ins class += "correction" title = "close quote missing">,’</ins> cf. Kölbing, +<i>Englische studien</i>, III. p. 104, and Zupitza, <i>Anglia</i>, +III. p. 370 f.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz73" id = "notes_stz73" +href = "#stanza73">St. 73</a></h5> + +<p>p. 30, <a name = "note838" id = "note838" href = "#line835">l. +838</a>. This stanza being incomplete, I think, the lacuna is to be put +after l. 838. The missing three lines contained the fact, that the king +promises Torrent, before his knights, that, when he has done this deed, +he will give him his daughter, and grant him one half of his kingdom +during his life, and the whole afterwards; cf. <a href = "#line1205">l. +1206 ff.</a> The odd number of XXVII knights is probably due only to the +scribe; cf. <a href = "#fragIII">F. III</a>: <i>By VII score of hardy +knyghtes</i>.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz76" id = "notes_stz76" +href = "#stanza76">St. 76</a></h5> + +<p>p. 31, <a name = "note867" id = "note867" href = "#line865">l. 867 +f.</a> These two lines are poor, and the rhyme is very bad; l. 868 may +have run originally, <i>Thurrow Pervyns, for sothe, it ley</i>; cf. +<a href = "#line950">l. 949</a>.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz78" id = "notes_stz78" +href = "#stanza78">St. 78</a></h5> + +<p>p. 32, <a name = "note901" id = "note901" href = "#line900">l. +901</a>. <i>squyere</i>, although very odd at the first sight, may still +be right; Torrent says: ‘The only squier that I took with me for this +journey, is my sword’; cf. <a href = "#line910">l. 909</a>.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz80" id = "notes_stz80" +href = "#stanza80">St. 80</a></h5> + +<p>p. 33, <a name = "note922" id = "note922" href = "#line920">l. +922</a>. Cf. Kölbing’s note to <i>Ipomadon</i>, l. 3344.</p> + +<p>p. 33, <a name = "note924" id = "note924" href = "#line925">l. +924-6</a>. On the story of a child, begotten by a devil on a sleeping +woman, cf. Breul, <i>Sir Gowther</i>, p. 119 f.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz83" id = "notes_stz83" +href = "#stanza83">St. 83</a></h5> + +<p>p. 34, <a name = "note954" id = "note954" href = "#line955">l. 954 +ff.</a> Cf. <i>Tristrem</i>, l. 1409 ff.:</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>‘Out of Deuelin toun</p> +<p>Þe folk wel fast ran,</p> +<p>In a water to droun,</p> +<p>So ferd were þai þan.’</p> +</div> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz84" id = "notes_stz84" +href = "#stanza84">St. 84</a></h5> + +<p>p. 34, <a name = "note963" id = "note963" href = "#line960">l. 963 +f.</a> Cf. <i>Beves of Hamtoun</i>, l. 187 f.:</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>‘Madame, a seide, for loue myn,</p> +<p>Whar mai ich finde þat wilde swin?’</p> +</div> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz87" id = "notes_stz87" +href = "#stanza87">St. 87</a></h5> + +<p>p. 36, <a name = "note1000" id = "note1000" href = "#line1000">l. +1000</a>. Instead of <i>spere</i> perhaps we ought to read +<i>sworde</i>.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz89" id = "notes_stz89" +href = "#stanza89">St. 89</a></h5> + +<p>p. 37, <a name = "note1030" id = "note1030" href = "#line1030">l. +1030 f.</a> If we compare the rests of these lines in <a href = +"#fragVI">F. VI</a>., this reading or a similar one is to be expected. +The reading of l. 1029 ff. in the fragments may be completed so: +<i>[Thourgh the he]lpe of god of heuen Thorough ye and] herin euen God +send the spere the right way</i>.</p> + +<p>p. 36, <a name = "note1033" id = "note1033" href = "#line1030">l. +1033 f.</a> Cf. <a href = "#line1165">ll. 1166</a>, <a href = +"#line2465">2468 f.</a>, and Kölbing’s note to <i>Sir Tristrem</i>, l. +69 f.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz92" id = "notes_stz92" +href = "#stanza92">St. 92</a></h5> + +<p>p. 38, <a name = "note1070" id = "note1070" href = "#line1070">l. +1070</a>. ‘I came hither to seek my death,’ <i>i.e.</i> this expedition +was so dangerous, that I expected to die.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz93" id = "notes_stz93" +href = "#stanza93">St. 93</a></h5> + +<p>p. 38, <a name = "note1076" id = "note1076" href = "#line1075">l. +1076</a>. Cf. <i>Ipomadon</i>, l. 239 f.:</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>‘Tyll vncovth contreys will I wende,</p> +<p>The maner wille I see.’</p> +</div> + +<p>p. 39, <a name = "note1081" id = "note1081" href = "#line1080">l. +1081</a>. <i>is</i> was to be corrected into <i>it</i>: ‘Because you +slew him that possessed it.’</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz94" id = "notes_stz94" +href = "#stanza94">St. 94</a></h5> + +<p>p. 39, <a name = "note1086" id = "note1086" href = "#line1085">l. +1086</a>. This line, according to Hall’s emendation, means: You owe no +homage or feudal due, the manor is yours and your heirs’ +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page106" id = "page106">106</a></span> +for ever; <i>i.e.</i> the manor is in fee simple, and free from any +feudal obligation.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz95" id = "notes_stz95" +href = "#stanza95">St. 95</a></h5> + +<p>p. 39, <a href = "#stanza95">st. 95</a>. The text would be improved +by putting <a href = "#line1105">ll. 1104-6</a> before 1101-3, although +this transposition is not absolutely necessary.</p> + +<p>p. 39, <a name = "note1105" id = "note1105" href = "#line1105">l. +1105</a>. <i>lefte</i> may be a mistake for <i>loste</i>; cf. +<i>Gower</i>, I. 207:</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>‘Contenaunce for a þrowe</p> +<p>He loste.’</p> +</div> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz96" id = "notes_stz96" +href = "#stanza96">St. 96</a></h5> + +<p>p. 40, <a name = "note1117" id = "note1117" href = "#line1115">l. +1117</a>. Cf. Ritson’s <i>Met. Rom.</i>, III. p. 341 f., and Zupitza’s +note to <i>Guy</i>, l. 436.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz97" id = "notes_stz97" +href = "#stanza97">St. 97</a></h5> + +<p>p. 40, <a name = "note1121" id = "note1121" href = "#line1120">l. +1121</a>. <i>he bare</i> looks rather suspicious, but it is supported by +<a href = "#line2170">l. 2169</a>. The author is about to describe the +figures inlaid on the shield. Cf. <i>Eglamour</i>, l. 1030 f.:</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>’<i>He bare</i> in azure<a class = "tag" name = "tagN1" id = "tagN1" +href = "#noteN1">1</a> a grype of golde,</p> +<p>Rychely beton on the molde.’</p> +</div> + +<p>p. 40, <a name = "note1124" id = "note1124" href = "#line1125">l. +1124</a>. This line is hopelessly spoilt; the scribe, careless as he +was, has almost literally repeated <a href = "#line1120">l. 1121</a>; l. +1125 directly continues the description begun before.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz98" id = "notes_stz98" +href = "#stanza98">St. 98</a></h5> + +<p>p. 40, <a name = "note1132" id = "note1132" href = "#line1130">l. +1132</a>. Is <i>than I haue in tale</i> right? We expect rather: <i>than +I can telle in tale</i>.</p> + +<p>p. 41, <a name = "note1138" id = "note1138" href = "#line1135">l. +1138 f.</a> Cf. <a href = "#line1585">l. 1587 f.</a></p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz99" id = "notes_stz99" +href = "#stanza99">St. 99</a></h5> + +<p>p. 41, <a name = "note1143" id = "note1143" href = "#line1140">l. +1143</a>. I thought it necessary to insert <i>mete</i>, although +Mätzner, <i>Wörterbuch</i>, II. p. 274, cites this line as the only +instance in the M.E. literature for <i>glad</i> as a substantive. But +even the sense is very poor without this addition.</p> + +<p>p. 41, <a name = "note1144" id = "note1144" href = "#line1145">l. +1144</a>. As to a man riding into the hall, cf. Skeat’s note to +Chaucer’s <i>Squiere’s Tale</i>, l. 80, and Kölbing’s note to +<i>Ipomadon</i>, l. 6253 f.</p> + +<p>p. 41, <a name = "note1150" id = "note1150" href = "#line1150">l. +1150 f.</a> I hope my alterations in l. 1151 are right. It cannot be +said that the King of Aragon defends the lady unless somebody has laid +claims to her. Torrent wants either three combats or the lady, quite a +regular occurrence in mediæval romances.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz100" id = "notes_stz100" +href = "#stanza100">St. 100</a></h5> + +<p>p. 41, <a name = "note1154" id = "note1154" href = "#line1155">l. +1154</a>. <i>none</i>, i.e. <i>no lady</i>.</p> + +<p>p. 41, <a name = "note1160" id = "note1160" href = "#line1160">l. +1160</a>. Cf. Kölbing’s note to <i>Tristrem</i>, l. 138.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz101" id = "notes_stz101" +href = "#stanza101">St. 101</a></h5> + +<p>p. 41, <a name = "note1165" id = "note1165" href = "#line1165">l. +1165</a>. <i>the gres</i>, which word is here required by the rhyme, is, +in the same way as in this passage, used for ‘battle-field,’ in +<i>Perceval</i>, l. 1225 f.:</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>‘Hedes and helmys ther was,</p> +<p>I telle ȝow withowttene lese,</p> +<p>Many layde <i>one the gresse</i>,</p> +<p>And many brode schelde.’</p> +</div> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz102" id = "notes_stz102" +href = "#stanza102">St. 102</a></h5> + +<p>p. 42, <a name = "note1181" id = "note1181" href = "#line1180">l. +1181</a>. <i>For tynding of his hand</i> = for fear of +(= <i>for</i>) the beating (blows) of his hand. Schoolboy slang +still keeps the word ’<i>to tund</i>’ = to beat with something +flat.—<span class = "smallcaps">Hall.</span></p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz103" id = "notes_stz103" +href = "#stanza103">St. 103</a></h5> + +<p>p. 42, <a name = "note1193" id = "note1193" href = "#line1190">l. +1193</a>. On this expression Skeat treats in <i>Notes to P. Pl.</i>, +p. 3987, to which note I refer the reader. Cf. <i>Li B. Disc.</i>, +<ins class = "correction" title = ". missing">l.</ins> 130 f. (Ritson, +<i>Rom.</i> II. p. 6):</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>‘Hys schon wer with gold ydyght</p> +<p>And <i>kopeth</i> as a knyght.’</p> +</div> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page107" id = "page107">107</a></span> +<p>p. 43, <a name = "note1198" id = "note1198" href = "#line1195">l. +1198 f.</a>: ‘None of them said a single word, But that Torrent had been +right to do so as he had done.’</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz104" id = "notes_stz104" +href = "#stanza104">St. 104</a></h5> + +<p>p. 43, <a name = "note1211" id = "note1211" href = "#line1210">l. +1211</a>. There is an evident contradiction between this line and +<a href = "#line1200">l. 1199</a>. I suppose the word <i>waried</i> to +be wrong; but I am not able to give a fairly certain emendation +of it.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz106" id = "notes_stz106" +href = "#stanza106">St. 106</a></h5> + +<p>p. 44, <a name = "note1228" id = "note1228" href = "#line1225">l. +1228 f.</a>: ‘The king had supposed he was dead, and, indeed, foolhardy +he was to undertake an adventure like this.’</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz109" id = "notes_stz109" +href = "#stanza109">St. 109</a></h5> + +<p>p. 45, <a name = "note1268" id = "note1268" href = "#line1265">l. +1268 f.</a> This fight between the giant Cate and Torrent reminds us in +some points of the combat between Guy and Colbrond. Like the old +northern <i>holmganga</i>, both fights take place on an island, and in +both cases the giant declines to sit on horseback, because he is too +heavy; cf. <i>Guy of Warwike</i>, Edinburgh, 1840, l. 9940 ff.:</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>‘When þai had sworn and ostage founde,</p> +<p>Colbrond stirt vp in þat stounde,</p> +<p>To fiȝt he was ful felle.</p> +<p>He was so michel and so vnrede,</p> +<p>That no hors miȝt him lede,</p> +<p>In gest as y you telle.</p> +<p>So mani he hadde of armes gere,</p> +<p>Vnneþe a cart miȝt hem bere,</p> +<p>Þe Inglisse for to quelle.’</p> +</div> + +<p>p. 45, <a name = "note1270" id = "note1270" href = "#line1270">l. +1270</a>. <i>he</i> instead of <i>him</i> is remarkable; this personal +construction, provided that it is right, would offer an analogue to <i>I +am wo</i> instead of <i>me is wo</i>; cf. Kölbing’s note to +<i>Tristrem</i>, l. 245.</p> + +<p>p. 45, <a name = "note1271" id = "note1271" href = "#line1270">l. +1271</a> = <a href = "#line1545">l. 1546</a>.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz113" id = "notes_stz113" +href = "#stanza113">St. 113</a></h5> + +<p>p. 46, <a name = "note1307" id = "note1307" href = "#line1305">l. +1307</a>. This line ought probably to run thus:</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +’<i>Sir Torent praid, as was his wonne.</i>’</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz115" id = "notes_stz115" +href = "#stanza115">St. 115</a></h5> + +<p>p. 47, <a name = "note1337" id = "note1337" href = "#line1335">l. +1337 f.</a> This is <span class = "smallroman">SAINT</span> <i>Nycholas +de Barr</i>, not sir N., as the copyist has put. He was hardly a cleric, +or he would have known the Boy Bishop. An English reference for +S. Nicholas is Alban Butler, <i>Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs</i>, +etc., vol. vii. p. 989, Dublin, 1833. His day is Dec. 6th, +consequently he is not in <i>Acta Sanctorum</i>; see besides +<i>Altenglische legenden, Neue folge</i>, ed. Horstmann, Heilbronn, +1881, p. 11-16, and Barbour’s <i>Legendensammlung</i>, ed. Horstmann, I. +p. 229-245. <i>Barr</i> is <i>Bari</i> in Italy, and Barbour, I. +p. 238, l. 601 f., knew it was two syllables (cf. the rhyme <i>þame +be: Barre</i>). Nicholas was the patron of sailors, and churches on the +sea-coast in all parts of Europe were dedicated to him. Now as Sir +Torrent had been in peril at sea, he offers to him. It was customary to +offer garments at such shrines. See Hampson, <i>Medii Ævi +Kalendarium</i>, I. p. 72. Hence I propose for l. 1338: +<i>A grett Erldome and a simarr</i>. <i>Simarr</i> is not a common +word, which makes it all the more probable here, since the uncommon +words are those which are corrupted and lost. See <i>Prompt. Parv.</i>, +I. p. 75: ’<i>chymer, abella</i>,’ that is ‘abolla, cloak.’ M.E. +<i>simar</i>, Fr. <i>simarre</i>.—<span class = +"smallcaps">Hall.</span> I have not hesitated for a moment to introduce +this sagacious conjecture into the text; also the correction of +<i>redith</i> into <i>tas</i> I owe to Mr. Hall.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz116" id = "notes_stz116" +href = "#stanza116">St. 116</a></h5> + +<p>p. 48, <a name = "note1353" id = "note1353" href = "#line1350">l. +1353</a>. Cf. Kölbing’s note to <i>Sir Tristrem</i>, l. 2508.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page108" id = "page108">108</a></span> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz117" id = "notes_stz117" +href = "#stanza117">St. 117</a></h5> + +<p>p. 48, <a name = "note1364" id = "note1364" href = "#line1365">l. +1364</a>. We ought probably to read <i>she</i> instead of <i>he</i>.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz118" id = "notes_stz118" +href = "#stanza118">St. 118</a></h5> + +<p>p. 48, <a name = "note1367" id = "note1367" href = "#line1365">l. +1367 f.</a> Cf. <a href = "#line1755">l. 1756 f.</a></p> + +<p>p. 48, <a name = "note1378" id = "note1378" href = "#line1375">l. +1378</a>. Cf. <i>Sir Tristrem</i>, l. 2458:</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +‘Bi holtes and bi hille.’</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz119" id = "notes_stz119" +href = "#stanza119">St. 119</a></h5> + +<p>p. 49, <a name = "note1385" id = "note1385" href = "#line1385">l. +1385 ff.</a> Here he addresses the King of Portugal. In l. 1385 +<i>the</i> is superfluous, and should perhaps be struck out.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz120" id = "notes_stz120" +href = "#stanza120">St. 120</a></h5> + +<p>p. 49, <a name = "note1395" id = "note1395" href = "#line1395">l. +1395</a>. <i>fend</i> = <i>defend</i>; cf. Zupitza’s note to <i>Guy</i>, +l. 576.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz124" id = "notes_stz124" +href = "#stanza124">St. 124</a></h5> + +<p>p. 51, <a name = "note1443" id = "note1443" href = "#line1440">l. +1443 f.</a> As the existence of <i>fede</i> = <i>fode</i>, ‘fellow’ is +proved by no other passage, we ought perhaps to write <i>As spede me +god: ffode</i>, or <i>As g. me save: knave</i>, instead of <i>As god me +spede: ffede</i>.</p> + +<p>p. 51, <a name = "note1445" id = "note1445" href = "#line1445">l. +1445</a>. The alteration of <i>fleand</i>, which is absurd here, into +<i>failand</i> is supported by <a href = "#line1280">l. 1280</a>.</p> + +<p>p. 51, <a name = "note1446" id = "note1446" href = "#line1445">l. +1446</a>. As to <i>make</i> instead of <i>made</i>, cf. <a href = +"#line330">l. 332</a>.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz126" id = "notes_stz126" +href = "#stanza126">St. 126</a></h5> + +<p>p. 51, <a name = "note1463" id = "note1463" href = "#line1460">l. +1463</a>. Cf. <a href = "#line2090">l. 2090 f.</a> I am afraid neither +of these passages is quite right.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz131" id = "notes_stz131" +href = "#stanza131">St. 131</a></h5> + +<p>p. 53, <a name = "note1518" id = "note1518" href = "#line1515">l. +1518</a>. Perhaps we ought to read:</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +‘And out of the valey he hyd swith.’</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz132" id = "notes_stz132" +href = "#stanza132">St. 132</a></h5> + +<p>p. 54, <a name = "note1531" id = "note1531" href = "#line1530">l. +1531</a>. I don’t believe that the poet used the word <i>tree</i> thrice +within these four lines; perhaps he wrote for l. 1531: <i>Shold not +drawe it, parde</i>.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz134" id = "notes_stz134" +href = "#stanza134">St. 134</a></h5> + +<p>p. 54, <a name = "note1551" id = "note1551" href = "#line1550">l. +1551</a>. Cf. <i>Guy</i>, ed. Zupitza, l. 5430:</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +‘To reste þer horsys a lytull wyght,’</p> + +<p>and Zupitza’s note to l. 419.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz135" id = "notes_stz135" +href = "#stanza135">St. 135</a></h5> + +<p>p. 55, <a name = "note1570" id = "note1570" href = "#line1570">l. +1570</a>. Cf. Stratmann’s note to <i>Havelok</i>, l. 1129 (<i>Englische +studien</i>, I. p. 424).</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz137" id = "notes_stz137" +href = "#stanza137">St. 137</a></h5> + +<p>p. 56, <a name = "note1592" id = "note1592" href = "#line1590">l. +1592</a>. <i>To the I haue full good gate</i> means, ‘I am fully +entitled to kill you.’ I don’t recollect to have met with any +parallel passage.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz138" id = "notes_stz138" +href = "#stanza138">St. 138</a></h5> + +<p>p. 56, <a name = "note1600" id = "note1600" href = "#line1600">l. +1600</a>. That <i>dynt</i> is wrong, the rhyme shows as well as the +meaning. But whether my alteration is right, seems very doubtful, +especially as <a href = "#line1610">l. 1609</a> offers the same rhyming +word.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz142" id = "notes_stz142" +href = "#stanza142">St. 142</a></h5> + +<p>p. 58, <a href = "#stanza142">st. 142</a>. Rhymes like <i>dight</i>, +<i>be-taught</i>, <i>draught</i>, <i>right</i> can by no means be +admitted. Now, instead of <i>be-taught</i> we may be allowed to write +<i>be-teighte</i> (cf. <i>Beket</i>, l. 1827), and <a href = +"#line1655">l. 1654</a> may have run:</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +‘He wold haue a draught, aplight.’</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz144" id = "notes_stz144" +href = "#stanza144">St. 144</a></h5> + +<p>p. 59, <a name = "note1676" id = "note1676" href = "#line1675">l. +1676</a>. After <i>was</i>, <i>sent</i> may have been dropped.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz145" id = "notes_stz145" +href = "#stanza145">St. 145</a></h5> + +<p>p. 59, <a name = "note1692" id = "note1692" href = "#line1690">l. +1692</a>. <i>For his love</i>, i.e. ‘As his sweetheart.’</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz148" id = "notes_stz148" +href = "#stanza148">St. 148</a></h5> + +<p>p. 60, <a name = "note1714" id = "note1714" href = "#line1715">l. +1714</a>. Cf. <i>Ipomadon</i>, l. 52:</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +‘Begge he wex of bonne and blode.’</p> + +<p><i>Ib.</i> l. 1763:</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +‘Ryghtte bygge of bone and blode.’</p> + +<p>p. 60, <a name = "note1722" id = "note1722" href = "#line1720">l. +1722</a>: ‘All his men agreed with him,’ viz. that this was the knight +whom he came to seek.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz152" id = "notes_stz152" +href = "#stanza152">St. 152</a></h5> + +<p>p. 62, <a name = "note1774" id = "note1774" href = "#line1775">l. +1774</a>. Is <i>her day</i> = A.S. <i>aerdagas</i>, cf. <i>Havelok</i>, +l. 27? The word is very rare, and in this meaning occurs only in the +plural.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page109" id = "page109">109</a></span> +<p>p. 62, <a name = "note1777" id = "note1777" href = "#line1775">l. +1777</a>. After <i>king</i>, <i>on kne</i> may have dropped out.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz155" id = "notes_stz155" +href = "#stanza155">St. 155</a></h5> + +<p>p. 63, <a name = "note1799" id = "note1799" href = "#line1800">l. +1799</a>. Cf. Chaucer, <i>C. T.</i>, the Millere’s Tale, l. 325:</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>‘Say what thou wolt, I schal it never telle</p> +<p>To child <ins class = "correction" title = +"text unchanged: expected form is ‘ne’">no</ins> +wyf, by him that harwed helle.’</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Ib.</i>, The Sompnoure’s Tale, l. 407:</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +‘Now help, Thomas, for him that harewed helle.’</p> + +<p>Perhaps even here, <a href = "#line1700">l. 1702</a>, <i>Iesu, that +made hell</i>, ought to be altered into <i>I. that harowde hell</i>.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz159" id = "notes_stz159" +href = "#stanza159">St. 159</a></h5> + +<p>p. 64, <a name = "note1846" id = "note1846" href = "#line1845">l. +1846</a>. Perhaps we ought to read <i>ebbyng</i> instead of <i>eb</i>, +according to <a href = "#line220">l. 223</a>; one can hardly say, that +‘the sea is eb.’</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz169" id = "notes_stz169" +href = "#stanza169">St. 169</a></h5> + +<p>p. 68, <a name = "note1961" id = "note1961" href = "#line1960">l. +1961</a>. Instead of <i>A</i> I should prefer to read <i>The</i>, +because this griffon is the same which robbed the child before.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz171" id = "notes_stz171" +href = "#stanza171">St. 171</a></h5> + +<p>p. 69, <a name = "note1982" id = "note1982" href = "#line1980">l. +1982</a>. <i>Of what lond that he is left</i>, i.e. ‘Wherever he may be +born.’</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz172" id = "notes_stz172" +href = "#stanza172">St. 172</a></h5> + +<p>p. 69, <a name = "note1991" id = "note1991" href = "#line1990">l. +1991 f.</a> Cf. <i>Ipomadon</i>, l. 50 f.:</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>‘He sayd: Fro tyme he kepe tham con,</p> +<p>My landes I shall hym take.’</p> +</div> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz173" id = "notes_stz173" +href = "#stanza173">St. 173</a></h5> + +<p>p. 70, <a name = "note2002" id = "note2002" href = "#line2000">l. +2002</a>. <i>It is good in euery fight</i>, i.e. there is a stone in the +ring which heals wounds, if they are touched with it; cf. Kölbing’s note +to <i>Ipomadon</i>, l. 8018.</p> + +<p>p. 70, <a name = "note2010" id = "note2010" href = "#line2010"><ins +class = "correction" title = "word ‘l.’ missing">l.</ins> 2010</a>. +Halliwell, p. 306, explains <i>disparlid</i> by ‘beaten down, +destroyed,’ a meaning which is not fit for this passage. +I read with a slight addition <i>disparplid</i> = ‘dispersed,’ +a rare word; cf. <i>Stratmann</i>, p. 156.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz175" id = "notes_stz175" +href = "#stanza175">St. 175</a></h5> + +<p>p. 71, <a name = "note2026" id = "note2026" href = "#line2025">l. +2026</a>. <i>But</i> is probably to be altered into <i>And</i>.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz178" id = "notes_stz178" +href = "#stanza178">St. 178</a></h5> + +<p>p. 72, <a name = "note2053" id = "note2053" href = "#line2050">l. +2053</a>. Cf. Kölbing’s note to <i>Tristrem</i>, l. 3068.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz180" id = "notes_stz180" +href = "#stanza180">St. 180</a></h5> + +<p>p. 72, <a name = "note2075" id = "note2075" href = "#line2075">l. +2075</a>. One might be inclined to write:</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +‘That my two children vncrystonyd ware,’</p> + +<p>but I don’t think that we are obliged to change: ‘I cared only for +that one thing, That my two children might be christened.’</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz184" id = "notes_stz184" +href = "#stanza184">St. 184</a></h5> + +<p>p. 74, <a name = "note2126" id = "note2126" href = "#line2125">l. +2126</a>. For <i>hing</i> instead of <i>heng</i> cf. Mätzner, +<i>Sprachproben</i>, I. 1, p. 292, note to line 675, where +<i>hynges</i> rhymes with <i>springes</i>.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz185" id = "notes_stz185" +href = "#stanza185">St. 185</a></h5> + +<p>p. 74, <a name = "note2135" id = "note2135" href = "#line2135">l. +2135</a>. <i>hede vale</i>, i.e. principal, best choice; <i>vale</i> = +<i>wale</i>, or perhaps aphetic for <i>avale</i> = value.—<span +class = "smallcaps">Hall.</span></p> + +<p>p. 74, <a name = "note2138" id = "note2138" href = "#line2135">l. +2138</a>. <i>born</i> seems to me somewhat suspicious, though I cannot +propose a better reading; <i>and torn</i> instead of <i>born</i> +wouldn’t do.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz186" id = "notes_stz186" +href = "#stanza186">St. 186</a></h5> + +<p>p. 75, <a name = "note2152" id = "note2152" href = "#line2150">l. +2152</a>. The imperfect rhyme shows that there is something wrong in +this line; it may be restored thus:</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +‘Loo, lordys good and hende.’</p> + +<p>p. 75, <a name = "note2153" id = "note2153" href = "#line2150">l. +2153</a>. <i>wyll haue</i> has probably been inserted here from the +following line; we ought to read <i>has</i>.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz187" id = "notes_stz187" +href = "#stanza187">St. 187</a></h5> + +<p>p. 75, <a name = "note2157" id = "note2157" href = "#line2155">l. +2157</a>. <i>Season for to hold</i>, i.e. ‘in order to hold court.’ But +I don’t know another instance of <i>season</i> with this meaning.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz188" id = "notes_stz188" +href = "#stanza188">St. 188</a></h5> + +<p>p. 76, <a name = "note2174" id = "note2174" href = "#line2175">l. +2174</a>. This line involves a contradiction to <a href = "#line2155">l. +2158 f.</a></p> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page110" id = "page110">110</a></span> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz189" id = "notes_stz189" +href = "#stanza189">St. 189</a></h5> + +<p>p. 76, <a name = "note2185" id = "note2185" href = "#line2185">l. +2185</a>. <i>smote</i> means the same as <i>caste</i>; cf. <i>King +Horn</i>, ed. Wissmann, l. 1038:</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +‘And ankere gunne caste.’</p> + +<p>The only question is, whether <i>ankere</i> is allowed to be supplied +or must be added; cf. <a href = "#line2200">l. 2203</a>.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz191" id = "notes_stz191" +href = "#stanza191">St. 191</a></h5> + +<p>p. 77, <a name = "note2209" id = "note2209" href = "#line2210">l. +2209-2214</a>. The Sultan informs Torrent by messengers, that the +inhabitants of the town are starving, evidently appealing to his +generosity. Torrent answers him, that if they will lie here, <i>i.e.</i> +leave the town, they are to have victuals enough. But the Sultan doesn’t +accept this condition, and so the siege is continued. That seems to me +to be the meaning of this half of the stanza.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz192" id = "notes_stz192" +href = "#stanza192">St. 192</a></h5> + +<p>p. 77, <a name = "note2216" id = "note2216" href = "#line2215">l. +2216 f.</a> <i>dede</i> means here, and <a href = "#line2400">l. +2400</a>, ‘exploit, battle.’ In the same way Saber, Beves’s uncle, once +a year on a certain day fights against the Emperor; cf. <i>Sir +Beues</i>, l. 2917 ff.:</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>’& eueri ȝer on a dai certaine</p> +<p>Vpon þemperur of Almaine</p> +<p>He ginneþ gret bataile take,</p> +<p>Beues, al for þine sake.’</p> +</div> + +<p>It agrees very well with the religious feelings of the Middle Ages, +when they thought it a merit to fight against the heathens on Good +Friday; cf. here <a href = "#line2230">l. 2230 ff.</a></p> + +<p>p. 77, <a name = "note2224" id = "note2224" href = "#line2225">l. +2224 ff.</a> I am afraid there is something wrong in these lines; the +copyist seems to mean, that Torrent didn’t bereave the inhabitants of +their worldly goods, their treasures; then we must write <i>them</i> for +<i>it</i>. But what we really expect here is, that he leaves in the town +some trustworthy men to keep it. Accordingly, the fault lies in +<i>Worldely goodis</i>. Besides, l. 2224, <i>did wyn</i>, instead of +<i>was yn</i>, would improve the rhyme.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz193" id = "notes_stz193" +href = "#stanza193">St. 193</a></h5> + +<p>p. 77, <a name = "note2232" id = "note2232" href = "#line2230">l. +2232</a>. <i>bryght</i> is a rather odd epithet to <i>Sarȝins</i>.</p> + +<p>p. 78, <a name = "note2233" id = "note2233" href = "#line2230">l. +2233 ff.</a> Fifteen years have past since Torrent began to fight +against the infidels: he besieges the first town two years (cf. <a href += "#line2190">l. 2189</a>), the second, six years (cf. <a href = +"#line2205">l. 2206</a>), the third, seven years (cf. <a href = +"#line2230">l. 2230</a>). Meanwhile, the education of a young man being +finished at the age of fifteen (cf. Kölbing’s note to <i>Tristrem</i>, +l. 287), his son had become just old enough to win his spurs.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz194" id = "notes_stz194" +href = "#stanza194">St. 194</a></h5> + +<p>p. 78, <a name = "note2240" id = "note2240" href = "#line2240">l. +2240</a>. I doubt whether <i>ordeyn</i> can be allowed to stand without +an object, such as <i>your folk</i>, or <i>your ships</i>; cf. <i>Robert +of Glo’ster</i>, ed. Hearne, p. 139, l. 19:</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +‘He bigan to ordeyne ys folk, & to batail aȝen drow.’</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz195" id = "notes_stz195" +href = "#stanza195">St. 195</a></h5> + +<p>p. 78, <a name = "note2256" id = "note2256" href = "#line2255">l. +2256</a>: ‘Woebegone was she, that must see that,’ viz. that ‘le leopard +took away her sone.’</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz196" id = "notes_stz196" +href = "#stanza196">St. 196</a></h5> + +<p>p. 78, <a name = "note2259" id = "note2259" href = "#line2260">l. +2259 f.</a> The meaning of these two lines is not quite perspicuous, and +they may be corrupt; only this one thing is clear, that these two +knights are Torrent and his son, who belong to different parties.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz197" id = "notes_stz197" +href = "#stanza197">St. 197</a></h5> + +<p>p. 79, <a name = "note2269" id = "note2269" href = "#line2270">l. +2269 ff.</a> It may be that ll. 2269-71 and ll. 2272-74 are +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page111" id = "page111">111</a></span> +to be transposed, but I don’t think it necessary: Torrent’s men flee +when they see that their chief has surrendered.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz199" id = "notes_stz199" +href = "#stanza199">St. 199</a></h5> + +<p>p. 80, <a name = "note2302" id = "note2302" href = "#line2300">l. +2302</a>. <i>wekid</i> = wicked, mischievous. But I don’t recollect to +have met with this adj. as an epithet to <i>land</i> or +<i>country</i>.</p> + +<p>p. 80, <a name = "note2304" id = "note2304" href = "#line2305">l. +2304</a>. Cf. <i>Tristrem</i>, l. 88, Kölbing’s note to that passage, +and <i>York Plays</i>, p. 438, l. 155:</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +‘For, certys, my lyf days are nere done.’</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz200" id = "notes_stz200" +href = "#stanza200">St. 200</a></h5> + +<p>p. 80, <a name = "note2316" id = "note2316" href = "#line2315">l. +2316</a>. The alteration of this line is rather a radical one; but there +was no other way to restore the rhyme; I think that first, +<i>day</i> and <i>nyȝt</i> had changed their places in line 2313, and +then the copyist, in order to get a rhyme to <i>nyȝt</i>, spoilt the +latter line.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz202" id = "notes_stz202" +href = "#stanza202">St. 202</a></h5> + +<p>p. 81, <a name = "note2335" id = "note2335" href = "#line2335">l. +2335</a>. <i>be my ffaye</i> and <i>parmaffay</i> in the same stanza, +and both in the rhyme, are rather poor; one of these lines may have run +thus:</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +‘Be god of heven, the king gan say.’</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz204" id = "notes_stz204" +href = "#stanza204">St. 204</a></h5> + +<p>p. 82, <a name = "note2357" id = "note2357" href = "#line2355">l. +2357</a>. The same confusion between <i>turment</i> and <i>turnament</i> +occurs in <i>Ipomadon</i>, l. 2868; cf. Kölbing’s note to this line.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz207" id = "notes_stz207" +href = "#stanza207">St. 207</a></h5> + +<p>p. 83, <a name = "note2392" id = "note2392" href = "#line2390">l. +2392</a>. Cf. <i>Ipomadon</i>, l. 3958:</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +‘A mercy, syr, for Crystes pitte,’</p> + +<p>and Kölbing’s note to this line.</p> + +<p>p. 83, <a name = "note2395" id = "note2395" href = "#line2395">l. +2395 f.</a> Cf. Kölbing’s note to <i>Tristrem</i>, l. 3064, where he +cites an interesting parallel passage to this line from <i>Guy of +Warwick</i>, ed. Zupitza, l. 4707 f.:</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>‘Ȝyt þou art the trewest knyght,</p> +<p>That euer slepyd in wynturs nyght.’</p> +</div> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz208" id = "notes_stz208" +href = "#stanza208">St. 208</a></h5> + +<p>p. 83, <a name = "note2405" id = "note2405" href = "#line2405">l. +2405</a>. <i>and</i> is perhaps miswritten for <i>an</i> or +<i>on</i>.</p> + +<p>p. 83, <a name = "note2407" id = "note2407" href = "#line2405">l. +2407</a>. This line, as it stands, is rather odd; perhaps it ought to be +identical with <a href = "#line1125">l. 1128</a>.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz209" id = "notes_stz209" +href = "#stanza209">St. 209</a></h5> + +<p>p. 84, <a name = "note2420" id = "note2420" href = "#line2420">l. +2420</a>. <i>juster</i>, <i>jouster</i>, means here a knight who joins +in a joust or tournament: in the only other passage where it is known to +occur, <i>Alis.</i>, l. 1400, it is a horse for tourneying.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz210" id = "notes_stz210" +href = "#stanza210">St. 210</a></h5> + +<p>p. 84, <a name = "note2433" id = "note2433" href = "#line2430">l. +2433</a> = <a href = "#line2455">l. 2456</a>; cf. <i>Ipomadon</i>, l. +8830:</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +’<i>Euery man in there degre.</i>’</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz212" id = "notes_stz212" +href = "#stanza212">St. 212</a></h5> + +<p>p. 85, <a name = "note2450" id = "note2450" href = "#line2450">l. +2450</a>. On <i>roial</i>, cf. Kölbing’s note to <i>Ipomadon</i>, l. 64. +To <i>a roall ffyght</i> may be compared Shakespeare’s <i>A royal +battle</i> (<i>Rich. III.</i>, IV. iv.).</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz213" id = "notes_stz213" +href = "#stanza213">St. 213</a></h5> + +<p>p. 85, <a name = "note2461" id = "note2461" href = "#line2460">l. +2461</a>. <i>with oute lent</i> = ‘without fasting’? I have not met with +this expletive phrase anywhere else.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz216" id = "notes_stz216" +href = "#stanza216">St. 216</a></h5> + +<p>p. 86, <a name = "note2493" id = "note2493" href = "#line2490">l. +2493</a>. It was not superfluous to mention this fact, because knights +were very often killed in tournaments; cf. Niedner, <i>Das deutsche +turnier im XII. und XIII. <ins class = "correction" title = "error for +‘Jahrhundert’? cited book is not printed in fraktur">Iahrhundert</ins></i>, +Berlin, 1881, p. 24. See also +R. Brunne’s <i>Handlyng-Synne</i>, ed. Furnivall, 1862, +p. 144-6.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz218" id = "notes_stz218" +href = "#stanza218">St. 218</a></h5> + +<p>p. 87, <a name = "note2518" id = "note2518" href = "#line2515">l. +2518-20</a>. As to the meaning of <i>couplid</i>, cf. Mätzner, +<i>Wörterbuch</i>, I. p. 491. These lines evidently mean that +gentlemen and ladies sit alternately, what one calls in German, <i>bunte +reihe machen</i>. +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page112" id = "page112">112</a></span> +Cf. A. Schultz, <i>Das höfische Leben Zur Zeit der Minnesinger</i>, +I. p. 330, and P. Pietsch, Bunte Reihe, <i>Zeitschrift für +deutsche Philologie</i>, vol. xvi. Halle, 1884, p. 231, who cites +from <i>Biterolf</i>, l. 7399 ff.:</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>‘Do hiezens under mîne man</p> +<p>Ir ingesinde wol getân</p> +<p>Sich teilen in dem palas,</p> +<p>Daz kein mîn recke dâ was,</p> +<p>Ern sæze zwischen magedîn.’</p> +</div> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz219" id = "notes_stz219" +href = "#stanza219">St. 219</a></h5> + +<p>p. 87, <a name = "note2526" id = "note2526" href = "#line2525">l. +2526</a>. <i>emell</i> was added by Hall in order to restore the rhyme +with <i>Desonell</i>.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz220" id = "notes_stz220" +href = "#stanza220">St. 220</a></h5> + +<p>p. 88, <a name = "note2535" id = "note2535" href = "#line2535">l. +2535</a>. For this correction, cf. Zupitza’s note to <i>Guy</i>, l. +600.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz225" id = "notes_stz225" +href = "#stanza225">St. 225</a></h5> + +<p>p. 90, <a name = "note2593" id = "note2593" href = "#line2590">l. +2593</a>. After <i>marked</i>, <i>them</i> may have dropped; cf. +<i>Layamon</i>, l. 5642 f.:</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>‘And heom markede <ins class = "correction" title = +"anomalous đ (d-bar) in original">forđ</ins>,</p> +<p>Touward Munt-giu heo ferden,’</p> +</div> + +<p>instead of which lines the later <ins class = "correction" title = +"text unchanged">MSS. writes</ins>:</p> + +<div class = "verse"> +<p>‘Hii nome riht hire way</p> +<p>Touward Muntageu.’</p> +</div> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz226" id = "notes_stz226" +href = "#stanza226">St. 226</a></h5> + +<p>p. 90, <a name = "note2597" id = "note2597" href = "#line2595">l. +2597</a>. On <i>castelletoure</i> cf. Kölbing’s note to <i>Tristrem</i>, +l. 158.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz229" id = "notes_stz229" +href = "#stanza229">St. 229</a></h5> + +<p>p. 91, <a name = "note2636" id = "note2636" href = "#line2635">l. +2636</a>. Cf. Kölbing’s notes to <i>Amis and Amiloun</i>, l. 1019, and +to <i>The lyfe of Ipomadon</i>, l. 506. Here the expression, <i>no good +he ne couth</i> means, he was quite feeble and strengthless.</p> + +<h5><a name = "notes_stz231" id = "notes_stz231" +href = "#stanza231">St. 231</a></h5> + +<p>p. 92, <a name = "note2658" id = "note2658" href = "#line2655">l. +2658</a>. <i>up-tyed</i> = so limited by the deed of foundation that +they (the churches and abbeys) could not be diverted to any other +purpose.—<span class = "smallcaps">Hall.</span></p> + +<p>p. 92, <a name = "note2661" id = "note2661" href = "#line2660">l. +2661</a>. Cf. <i>Eglamour</i>, l. 1339, Lincoln MS.:</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +‘In Rome this romance crouned es.’</p> + +<p>The Cambridge MS. reads instead:</p> + +<p class = "verse"> +‘In Rome thys geste cronyculd ys.’</p> + +<p>I am inclined to think that <i>crouned</i> is nothing else but a +misreading for <i>cronyculd</i>. Afterwards, considered to be correct, +it has originated expressions like those we find here.</p> + +</div> +<!-- end div notes --> + +<hr /> + +<h4>Footnote to Notes</h4> + +<p class = "footnote"> +<a name = "noteN1" id = "noteN1" href = "#tagN1">1.</a> +So <i>Percy Fol. MS.</i>; <i>aserre</i> Thornt.</p> + + +<div class = "glossary"> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page113" id = "page113">113</a></span> + +<h3><a name = "glossary" id = "glossary">GLOSSARY.</a></h3> + +<div class = "mynote"> +<p>Commas at the end of some entries are not errors. The letters I and J +are alpha­betized together. Initial U is written and alphabetized as + V.</p> + +<p>Asterisks* are not explained. They seem to indicate words that did +not +appear in the original MS but are the result of editorial emendation. +They may or may not occur elsewhere in the text.</p> + +<p class = "center"> +<a href = "#letter_a"> A </a> +<a href = "#letter_b"> B </a> +<a href = "#letter_c"> C </a> +<a href = "#letter_d"> D </a> +<a href = "#letter_e"> E </a> +<a href = "#letter_f"> F </a> +<a href = "#letter_g"> G </a> +<a href = "#letter_h"> H </a> +<a href = "#letter_i"> IJ </a> +<a href = "#letter_k"> K </a> +<a href = "#letter_l"> L </a><br /> +<a href = "#letter_m"> M </a> +<a href = "#letter_n"> N </a> +<a href = "#letter_o"> O </a> +<a href = "#letter_p"> P </a> +<a href = "#letter_r"> R </a> +<a href = "#letter_s"> S </a> +<a href = "#letter_t"> T </a> +<a href = "#letter_v"> UV </a> +<a href = "#letter_w"> W </a> +<a href = "#letter_y"> Y </a></p> +</div> + +<p><a name = "letter_a" id = "letter_a"><i>abydde</i></a>, 2/<a href = +"#line40">41</a>, <i>vb.</i> to endure.</p> + +<p><i>a-bye</i>, 21/<a href = "#line570">569</a>, <i>vb.</i> to pay +for.</p> + +<p><i>actone</i>, 79/<a href = "#line2275">2276</a>, <i>sb.</i> a jacket +of quilted cotton. Cf. Skeat’s Glossary to <i>Wars of Al.</i>, s.v.</p> + +<p><i>ago</i>, 3/<a href = "#line65">65</a>, <i>pp.</i> gone.</p> + +<p><i>a-right</i>, 48/<a href = "#line1365">1364</a>, <i>pt. s.</i> +prepared, served up.</p> + +<p><i>assent</i>, 48/<a href = "#line1355">1357</a>, <i>sb.</i> +proposal.</p> + +<p><i>assttyt</i>, 23/<a href = "#line640">640</a>, <i>adv.</i> at +once.</p> + +<p><i>auter</i>, 68/<a href = "#line1950">1952</a>, <i>sb.</i> +altar.</p> + +<p><i>avented</i>, 54/<a href = "#line1555">1554</a>, <i>pt. s. +refl.</i> recovered his breath.</p> + +<p><i>aventorres</i>, 2/<a href = "#line40">39</a>, <i>sb. pl.</i> +adventures.</p> + +<p><i>aventurly</i>, 44/<a href = "#line1230">1229</a>, <i>adv.</i> +boldly.</p> + +<p><i>axithe</i>, 10/<a href = "#line260">260</a>, <i>pr. 3 sg.</i> +asks.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<a name = "letter_b" id = "letter_b" href = +"#glossary"><i>balle</i></a>, 15/<a href = "#line400">400</a>, +<i>sb.</i> bale.</p> + +<p><i>bane</i>,* 29/<a href = "#line795">794</a>, <i>sb.</i> bone;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +52/<a href = "#line1475">1478</a>, <i>sb.</i> destruction, death;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +59/<a href = "#line1675">1678</a>, <i>sb.</i> over-comer.</p> + +<p><i>bare</i>, 53/<a href = "#line1500">1502</a>, <i>pr. s.</i> +stabbed.</p> + +<p><i>barys</i>, 35/<a href = "#line975">978</a>, <i>sb. pl.</i> +bars.</p> + +<p><i>bayte</i>, 54/<a href = "#line1550">1553</a>, <i>vb.</i> to +pasture.</p> + +<p><i>bed</i>, 29/<a href = "#line790">793</a>, <i>pp.</i> offered.</p> + +<p><i>bent</i>, 25/<a href = "#line700">701</a>, 86/<a href = +"#line2485">2487</a>, <i>sb.</i> battle-field.</p> + +<p><i>berdles</i>, 36/<a href = "#line1015">1015</a>, <i>adj.</i> +beardless.</p> + +<p><i>bere</i>, 37/<a href = "#line1045">1045</a>, <i>vb.</i> to +stab.</p> + +<p><i>be-stad</i>, 29/<a href = "#line805">808</a>, <i>pp.</i> sore +bestad = distressed.</p> + +<p><i>bet</i>, 57/<a href = "#line1620">1622</a>, <i>pt. s.</i> +beat.</p> + +<p><i>be-taught</i>, 58/<a href = "#line1650">1651</a>, <i>pp.</i> +surrendered, delivered.</p> + +<p><i>bett</i>, 55/<a href = "#line1585">1585</a>, <i>pp.</i> +beaten;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +40/<a href = "#line1120">1123</a>, <i>pp.</i> ornamented.</p> + +<p><i>be-tyde</i>, 45/<a href = "#line1270">1270</a>, <i>vb.</i> to +befall;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +cf. the <a href = "#note1270">note to this line</a>.</p> + +<p><i>beytyng</i>, 36/<a href = "#line1005">1008</a>, <i>vb. sb.</i>, +baiting.?</p> + +<p><i>bla</i>,* 9/<a href = "#line235">237</a>, <i>adj.</i> pale, +wan;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +cf. <a href = "#note237">the note</a>.</p> + +<p><i>blo</i>,* 13/<a href = "#line350">351</a>, <i>adj.</i> blue.</p> + +<p><i>blynd</i>, 4/<a href = "#line85">87</a>, <i>pr. s. conj.</i> +blind.</p> + +<p><i>bode</i>, 18/<a href = "#line495">498</a>, <i>pr. s.</i> +ordered.</p> + +<p><i>boffettes</i>, 85/<a href = "#line2470">2472</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>buffettes</i>, 56/<a href = "#line1595">1596</a>, <i>sb. pl.</i> +blow, dint.</p> + +<p><i>bone</i>, 55/<a href = "#line1565">1565</a>, <i>sb.</i> +prayer.</p> + +<p><i>bord</i>, 29/<a href = "#line820">819</a>, 42/<a href = +"#line1195">1194</a>, <i>sb.</i> table.</p> + +<p><i>bowes</i>, 51/<a href = "#line1450">1451</a>, <i>sb. pl.</i> +bough, branch.</p> + +<p><i>bowght</i>, 21/<a href = "#line555">556</a>, <i>sb.</i> bend.</p> + +<p><i>brayd</i>, 56/<a href = "#line1595">1598</a>, <i>sb.</i> sudden +attack.</p> + +<p><i>broke</i>, 30/<a href = "#line830">833</a>, 48/<a href = +"#line1355">1354</a>, <i>vb.</i> to enjoy.</p> + +<p><i>browȝ</i>, 24/<a href = "#line655">654</a>, <i>sb.</i> rising +ground, hill.</p> + +<p><i>byddythe</i>, 18/<a href = "#line500">500</a>, <i>pr. s.</i> +waited, remained.</p> + +<p><i>byght</i>, 22/<a href = "#line605">605</a>, <i>vb.</i> to +bite.</p> + +<p><i>byne</i>, 2/<a href = "#line45">46</a>, <i>vb.</i> to be.</p> + +<p><i>byrlyd</i>, 11/<a href = "#line290">292</a>, 12/<a href = +"#line330">329</a>, <i>pr. s.</i> to pour out.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<a name = "letter_c" id = "letter_c" href = "#glossary"><i>castell +toure</i></a>, 90/<a href = "#line2595">2597</a>, <i>sb.</i> castle +tower.</p> + +<p><i>chaffare</i>, 35/<a href = "#line985">986</a>, <i>sb.</i> +bargain.</p> + +<p><i>chalenge</i>, 41/<a href = "#line1150">1150</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>pr. s.</i> 41/<a href = "#line1160">1163</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>pr. s. conj.</i> challenge.</p> + +<p><i>cheff-foster</i>, 21/<a href = "#line575">574</a>, <i>sb.</i> +chief-foster.</p> + +<p><i>ches</i>, 26/<a href = "#line715">718</a>, <i>pr. s.</i> +chose.</p> + +<p><i>chyrge</i>, 29/<a href = "#line815">814</a>, <i>sb.</i> +church.</p> + +<p><i>clarkys</i>, 1/<a href = "#line10">12</a>, <i>sb. pl.</i> +clerks.</p> + +<p><i>clere</i>, 3/<a href = "#line60">62</a>, <i>adj.</i> <i>clere +of</i>, renowned for.</p> + +<p><i>clow</i>,* 20/<a href = "#line540">542</a>, <i>sb.</i> clough.</p> + +<p><i>cobled</i>, 46/<a href = "#line1295">1298</a>, <i>adj.</i> cobled +stones = cobblestones.</p> + +<p><i>comely</i>, 26/<a href = "#line720">722</a>, <i>adv.</i> in a +comely manner;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +cf. <a href = "#note722">the note</a>.</p> + +<p><i>contenance</i>,* 3/<a href = "#line75">75</a>, <i>sb.</i> +countenance, presence of mind.</p> + +<p><i>cord</i>, 48/<a href = "#line1355">1357</a>, <i>pr. s.</i> +accord.</p> + +<p><i>coueryd</i>, 87/<a href = "#line2505">2506</a>, <i>pr. pl.</i> +<i>Vp they coueryd</i> = They recovered.?</p> + +<p><i>countenance</i>, 39/<a href = "#line1105">1105</a>, <i>sb.</i> +countenance.</p> + +<p><i>couped</i>, 42/<a href = "#line1190">1193</a>, <i>pp.</i>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +cf. <a href = "#note1193">the note</a>.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page114" id = "page114">114</a></span> +<p><i>coupled</i>, 87/<a href = "#line2520">2520</a>, <i>pp.</i> +coupled;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +cf. <a href = "#note2518">the note</a>.</p> + +<p><i>coursus</i>, 41/<a href = "#line1150">1150</a>, 42/<a href = +"#line1175">1177</a>, <i>sb. pl.</i> courses.</p> + +<p><i>couth</i>, 46/<a href = "#line1295">1295</a>, 91/<a href = +"#line2635">2636</a>, <i>pr. s.</i> knew.</p> + +<p><i>craftely</i>, 54/<a href = "#line1525">1527</a>, <i>adv.</i> +skilfully.</p> + +<p><i>crest</i>, 40/<a href = "#line1125">1128</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>creste</i>, 83/<a href = "#line2405">2407</a>, <i>sb.</i> crest.</p> + +<p><i>croke</i>, 36/<a href = "#line1015">1018</a>, 37/<a href = +"#line1040">1042</a>, 55/<a href = "#line1575">1577</a>, 56/<a href = +"#line1605">1607</a>, 58/<a href = "#line1650">1652</a>, <i>sb.</i> +crook.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<a name = "letter_d" id = "letter_d" href = +"#glossary"><i>dalle</i></a>, 21/<a href = "#line560">562</a>, +<i>sb.</i> valley.</p> + +<p><i>delyuer</i>, 41/<a href = "#line1155">1154</a>, <i>vb.</i>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +41/<a href = "#line1150">1151</a>, <i>imp.</i> to deliver up;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>delyuerd</i>, 63/<a href = "#line1805">1806</a>, 1808, <i>pp.</i> +delivered of a child;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>delyuerd</i>, 82/<a href = "#line2370">2372</a>, <i>pp.</i> +released?</p> + +<p><i>dent</i>, 2/<a href = "#line40">41</a>, <i>sb.</i> blow.</p> + +<p><i>departid</i>, 47/<a href = "#line1330">1329</a>, <i>pr. pl.</i> +divorced.</p> + +<p><i>dewe</i>, 4/<a href = "#line85">88</a>, <i>sb.</i> dieu.</p> + +<p><i>deyr</i>, 2/<a href = "#line35">37</a>, <i>adj.</i> dear.</p> + +<p><i>deyse</i>, 38/<a href = "#line1065">1067</a>, 42/<a href = +"#line1190">1192</a>, <i>sb.</i> dais.</p> + +<p><i>dight</i>, 39/<a href = "#line1080">1081</a>, <i>pr. s.</i> +built.</p> + +<p><i>disparplid</i>,* 70/<a href = "#line2010">2010</a>, <i>pp.</i> +dispersed;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +cf. <a href = "#note2010">the note</a>.</p> + +<p><i>dong</i>, 61/<a href = "#line1755">1754</a>, <i>pr. pl.</i> dung, +beat.</p> + +<p><i>dourst</i>, 3/<a href = "#line80">81</a>, <i>prs. sg.</i> +darest.</p> + +<p><i>draught</i>, 58/<a href = "#line1655">1654</a>, <i>sb.</i> +draught.</p> + +<p><i>dryee</i>, 36/<a href = "#line995">994</a>, <i>vb.</i> endure.</p> + +<p><i>duchyes</i>, 33/<a href = "#line930">933</a>, <i>sb. pl.</i> +duchies.</p> + +<p><i>dulful</i>, 19/<a href = "#line520">519</a>, <i>adj.</i> +troublesome.</p> + +<p><i>dynnyng</i>, 52/<a href = "#line1485">1487</a>, <i>sb.</i> +roaring.</p> + +<p><i>dyspisyst</i>, 2/<a href = "#line45">47</a>, <i>prs. 2 sg.</i> +despisest.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<a name = "letter_e" id = "letter_e" href = "#glossary"><i>eb</i></a>, +64/<a href = "#line1845">1846</a>, <i>sb.</i> ebb;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +cf. <a href = "#note1846">the note</a>.</p> + +<p><i>ebbyd</i>, 8/<a href = "#line220">223</a>, <i>pp.</i> ebbing.</p> + +<p><i>ech</i>, 92/<a href = "#line2655">2657</a>, <i>pron.</i> each.</p> + +<p><i>eche</i>, 24/<a href = "#line650">649</a>, <i>sb.</i> oak.</p> + +<p><i>endentyd</i>, 9/<a href = "#line225">227</a>, <i>pp.</i> indented, +adorned.</p> + +<p><i>erber</i>, 65/<a href = "#line1865">1868</a>, <i>sb.</i> garden of +pleasure.</p> + +<p><i>ermyght</i>, 36/<a href = "#line1005">1008</a>, <i>sb.</i>?</p> + +<p><i>eyllythe</i>, 34/<a href = "#line955">958</a>, <i>prs. 3 sg.</i> +ails.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<a name = "letter_f" id = "letter_f" href = "#glossary"><i>fall</i></a>, +47/<a href = "#line1330">1331</a>, <i>vb.</i> to fell, kill.</p> + +<p><i>fame</i>, 2/<a href = "#line30">31</a>, <i>sb.</i> foam.</p> + +<p><i>fare</i>, 44/<a href = "#line1235">1234</a>, <i>sb.</i> at that +fare = under these circumstances.</p> + +<p><i>farly</i>, 2/<a href = "#line45">44</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>ferly</i>, 69/<a href = "#line1975">1974</a>, 71/<a href = +"#line2035">2035</a>, <i>sb.</i> wonder.</p> + +<p><i>fawe</i>,* 16/<a href = "#line430">431</a>, <i>adj.</i> destined +to death.</p> + +<p><i>fede</i>,* 2/<a href = "#line30">30</a>, <i>sb.</i> feed, pasture +ground;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +cf. <a href = "#note30">the note</a>.</p> + +<p><i>ffede</i>, 51/<a href = "#line1445">1444</a>, <i>sb.</i>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +cf. <a href = "#note1443">the note</a>.</p> + +<p><i>fell</i>, 85/<a href = "#line2445">2444</a>, <i>adj.</i> strong, +able.</p> + +<p><i>fell</i>, 1/<a href = "#line20">21</a>, 4/<a href = +"#line90">90</a>, <i>vb.</i> to fell, kill;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>fellythe</i>, 3/<a href = "#line80">82</a>, <i>pr. 3 sg.</i> +fells.</p> + +<p><i>fere</i>, 3/<a href = "#line70">69</a>, 4/<a href = +"#line95">98</a>, 4/<a href = "#line100">102</a>, 33/<a href = +"#line930">931</a>, 85/<a href = "#line2465">2466</a>, <i>sb.</i> +companion.</p> + +<p><i>fesomnyd</i>, 2/<a href = "#line25">28</a>, <i>pr. s.</i>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +cf. <a href = "#note28">the note</a>.</p> + +<p><i>fet</i>, 12/<a href = "#line310">309</a>, <i>pp.</i> fetched.</p> + +<p><i>ffettouris</i>, 81/<a href = "#line2330">2333</a>, <i>sb. pl.</i> +fetters.</p> + +<p><i>flyng</i>, 67/<a href = "#line1925">1927</a>, <i>vb.</i> to +hasten.</p> + +<p><i>flyngyng</i>, 14/<a href = "#line375">378</a>, <i>p. prs.</i> +hastening.</p> + +<p><i>fode</i>, 36/<a href = "#line1010">1012</a>, <i>sb.</i> food;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>ffode</i>, 64/<a href = "#line1820">1823</a>, <i>sb.</i> child, +wight.</p> + +<p><i>ffont</i>, 69/<a href = "#line1990">1993</a>, <i>sb.</i> font.</p> + +<p><i>forsake</i>, 26/<a href = "#line725">724</a>, <i>vb.</i> to leave +behind.</p> + +<p><i>fforward</i>, 41/<a href = "#line1740">1743</a>, <i>sb.</i> +agreement.</p> + +<p><i>fraye</i>, 23/<a href = "#line635">638</a>, <i>sb.</i> attack.</p> + +<p><i>freke</i>, 58/<a href = "#line1660">1661</a>, <i>sb.</i> +warrior.</p> + +<p><i>frethe</i>, 6/<a href = "#line160">161</a>, <i>sb.</i> forest.</p> + +<p><i>fyle</i>, 33/<a href = "#line910">911</a>, <i>sb.</i> fill.</p> + +<p><i>ffyne</i>, 39/<a href = "#line1085">1086</a>, <i>sb.</i> fine.</p> + +<p><i>fytte</i>, 17/<a href = "#line455">458</a>, <i>sb. pl.</i> +feet.</p> + +<p><i>fytyng</i>, 7/<a href = "#line1730">1731</a>, <i>p. prs.</i> +fighting.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<a name = "letter_g" id = "letter_g" href = +"#glossary"><i>gadlyng</i></a>, 36/<a href = "#line1015">1015</a>, +<i>sb.</i> vagabond.</p> + +<p><i>gale</i>, 46/<a href = "#line1310">1313</a>, <i>sb.</i> +galley.</p> + +<p><i>gas</i>, 4/<a href = "#line100">103</a>, <i>prs. 3 sg.</i> +goes.</p> + +<p><i>gestonye</i>, 82/<a href = "#line2375">2374</a>, 91/<a href = +"#line2625">2625</a>, 91/<a href = "#line2625">2627</a>, <i>sb.</i> +banquet, feast.</p> + +<p><i>gethe</i>, 71/<a href = "#line2040">2042</a>, <i>prs. 3 sg.</i> +goes.</p> + +<p><i>glemyrryng</i>, 16/<a href = "#line425">426</a>, <i>p. prs.</i> +glimmering.</p> + +<p><i>governe</i>, 28/<a href = "#line780">779</a>, <i>vb. refl.</i> to +behave.</p> + +<p><i>greme</i>,* 67/<a href = "#line1930">1929</a>, <i>sb.</i> grief, +sorrow.</p> + +<p><i>grennyng</i>, 40/<a href = "#line1125">1126</a>, <i>p. prs.</i> +distorting, gaping.</p> + +<p><i>gryffon</i>, 69/<a href = "#line1970">1971</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>greffon</i>, 69/<a href = "#line1980">1981</a>, <i>sb.</i> +griffin.</p> + +<p><i>grype</i>, 68/<a href = "#line1960">1961</a>, <i>sb.</i> +griffin.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<a name = "letter_h" id = "letter_h" href = +"#glossary"><i>harood</i></a>, 60/<a href = "#line1710">1711</a>, +<i>sb.</i> herald;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +82/<ins class = "correction" title = "text has ; for ,"><a href = +"#line2365">2365</a>,</ins> <i>harroldys</i>, <i>sb. pl.</i> +heralds.</p> + +<p><i>harood</i>, 63/<a href = "#line1800">1799</a>, <i>pr. s.</i> +distracted.</p> + +<p><i>hed</i>, 17/<a href = "#line445">444</a>, <i>sb.</i> heed.</p> + +<p><i>hede</i>, 74/<a href = "#line2125">2126</a>, <i>vb.</i> to +behead.</p> + +<p><i>hede-vale</i>, 74/<a href = "#line2135">2135</a>, 91/<a href = +"#line2620">2621</a>, <i>sb.</i> principal value;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +cf. the <a href = "#note2135">note to l. 2135</a>.</p> + +<p><i>hedles</i>, 25/<a href = "#line700">702</a>, <i>adj.</i> +headless.</p> + +<p><i>hende</i>, 4/<a href = "#line105">106</a>, <i>adj.</i> +courteous.</p> + +<p><i>herne</i>,* 37/<a href = "#line1030">1030</a>, <i>sb.</i> +brains.</p> + +<p><i>heved</i>,* 14/<a href = "#line370">371</a>, <i>sb.</i> head.</p> + +<p><i>hight</i>, 65/<a href = "#line1860">1860</a>, <i>sb.</i> +height.</p> + +<p><i>housell</i>, 45/<a href = "#line1270">1272</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>howsell</i>, 74/<a href = "#line2140">2139</a>, <i>sb.</i> +housel.</p> + +<p><i>howge</i>, 20/<a href = "#line545">548</a>, <i>adj.</i> huge, +enormous.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page115" id = "page115">115</a></span> +<p><i>howt</i>, 25/<a href = "#line700">703</a>, <i>adv.</i> out.</p> + +<p><i>hurt</i>, 57/<a href = "#line1625">1625</a>, <i>sb.</i> hurt.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<a name = "letter_i" id = "letter_i" href = +"#glossary"><i>i-bye</i></a>, 43/<a href = "#line1220">1222</a>, +<i>vb.</i> to pay for.</p> + +<p><i>i-wysse</i>, 15/<a href = "#line390">391</a>, <i>adv.</i> +surely.</p> + +<p><i>juster</i>, 84/<a href = "#line2420">2420</a>, <i>sb.</i> jousting +knight.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<a name = "letter_k" id = "letter_k" href = "#glossary"><i>kene</i></a>, +2/<a href = "#line45">47</a>, <i>adj.</i> brave.</p> + +<p><i>kerpyng</i>, 92/<a href = "#line2660">2662</a>, <i>vb. sb.</i> +talking.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<a name = "letter_l" id = "letter_l" href = "#glossary"><i>lade</i></a>, +58/<a href = "#line1660">1663</a>, <i>sb.</i> load, i.e. a lot of +blows.</p> + +<p><i>lay</i>, 6/<a href = "#line165">165</a>, 52/<a href = +"#line1490">1492</a>, <i>sb.</i> grass land, bank.</p> + +<p><i>lede</i>, 2/<a href = "#line35">36</a>, <i>sb.</i> country.</p> + +<p><i>lemyred</i>, 11/<a href = "#line290">291</a>, <i>pr. s.</i> +glimmered.</p> + +<p><i>lenage</i>, 18/<a href = "#line490">491</a>, <i>sb.</i> lineage, +family.</p> + +<p><i>lende</i>, 1/<a href = "#line10">9</a>, <i>prs. pl.</i> go.</p> + +<p><i>leng</i>, 32/<a href = "#line900">899</a>, <i>vb.</i> to stay.</p> + +<p><i>lent</i>, 85/<a href = "#line2460">2461</a>, <i>sb.</i> lent?</p> + +<p><i>leryd</i>, 40/<a href = "#line1110">1110</a>, <i>pp.</i> +informed.</p> + +<p><i>lifte</i>, 45/<a href = "#line1270">1273</a>, <i>vb.</i> to +lift.</p> + +<p><i>lothly</i>, 34/<a href = "#line965">964</a>, 35/<a href = +"#line990">991</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +lothely, 53/<a href = "#line1505">1508</a>, 54/<a href = +"#line1535">1534</a>, <i>adj.</i> loathsome.</p> + +<p><i>love</i>, 59/<a href = "#line1690">1692</a>, <i>sb.</i> love, +sweet-heart.</p> + +<p><i>lyst</i>, 1/<a href = "#line5">7</a>, <i>vb.</i> to listen.</p> + +<p><i>lythe</i>, 13/<a href = "#line335">337</a>, <i>vb.</i> to +listen.</p> + +<p><i>lyvelode</i>, 83/<a href = "#line2385">2384</a>, <i>sb.</i> +livelihood.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<a name = "letter_m" id = "letter_m" href = +"#glossary"><i>maistershipmon</i></a>, 50/<a href = +"#line1425">1425</a>, <i>sb.</i> captain.</p> + +<p><i>mall</i>, 12/<a href = "#line320">322</a>, <i>sb.</i> hammer, +club.</p> + +<p><i>markyd</i>, 90/<a href = "#line2590">2592</a>, <i>pr. s.</i> +directed.</p> + +<p><i>mate</i>, 25/<a href = "#line675">678</a>, <i>adj.</i> faint, +exhausted.</p> + +<p><i>maynerey</i>, 16/<a href = "#line435">435</a>, <i>sb.</i> banquet, +feast.</p> + +<p><i>maystry</i>, 8/<a href = "#line210">212</a>, <i>sb.</i> +mastery;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>maystres</i>, 28/<a href = "#line790">789</a>, <i>sb. pl.</i> = +<i>maystries</i>, exploits?</p> + +<p><i>meche</i>, 10/<a href = "#line270">270</a>, 20/<a href = +"#line530">531</a>, 26/<a href = "#line710">713</a>, 37/<a href = +"#line1040">1040</a>, <i>adj.</i> much, great.</p> + +<p><i>met</i>, 25/<a href = "#line700">700</a>, <i>pr. s.</i> +measured.</p> + +<p><i>moche</i>, 49/<a href = "#line1400">1399</a>, 76/<a href = +"#line2195">2195</a>, <i>adj.</i> much, great.</p> + +<p><i>myd mete</i>, 41/<a href = "#line1140">1141</a>, 42/<a href = +"#line1190">1189</a>, <i>sb.</i> the middle of the dinner.</p> + +<p><i>mylle</i>, 3/<a href = "#line80">79</a>, <i>sb.</i> mile.</p> + +<p><i>myrre</i>, 11/<a href = "#line290">293</a>, 34/<a href = +"#line940">943</a>, <i>adj.</i> merry.</p> + +<p><i>myster</i>, 21/<a href = "#line580">581</a>, <i>sb.</i> need, +want.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<a name = "letter_n" id = "letter_n" href = +"#glossary"><i>nonys</i></a>, 46/<a href = "#line1300">1299</a>, <i>in +phr. for þe nones</i>, for the once, for the occasion.</p> + +<p><i>noryse</i>, 67/<a href = "#line1925">1928</a>, <i>sb.</i> +nurse.</p> + +<p><i>not</i>,* 54/<a href = "#line1535">1535</a>, <i>prs.</i> <i>ne +wot</i>, don’t know.</p> + +<p><i>nowyd</i>, 6/<a href = "#line150">153</a>, <i>pp.</i> annoyed? cf. +<a href = "#note153">the note</a>.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<a name = "letter_o" id = "letter_o" href = +"#glossary"><i>of-smyght</i></a>, 25/<a href = "#line690">691</a>, +<i>vb.</i> to cut off.</p> + +<p><i>omage</i>, 39/<a href = "#line1085">1086</a>, <i>sb.</i> +homage.</p> + +<p><i>onfre</i>,* 53/<a href = "#line1500">1499</a>, <i>adj.</i> +unnoble.</p> + +<p><i>on-harnes</i>, 11/<a href = "#line300">302</a>, <i>vb.</i> to +unharness.</p> + +<p><i>ordor</i>, 2/<a href = "#line50">51</a>, <i>sb.</i> order.</p> + +<p><i>ordurres</i>, 2/<a href = "#line45">48</a>, <i>sb. pl.</i> +knighthood, dub.</p> + +<p><i>ovyr-ryde</i>, 2/<a href = "#line40">40</a>, <i>vb.</i> to ride +over, to overcome?</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<a name = "letter_p" id = "letter_p" href = "#glossary"><i>payn</i></a>, +44/<a href = "#line1250">1252</a>, <i>sb.</i> fine, mulct.</p> + +<p><i>persewyd</i>,* 17/<a href = "#line460">462</a>, <i>pp.</i> +pursued.</p> + +<p><i>pertely</i>, 53/<a href = "#line1500">1501</a>, <i>adv.</i> +openly, plainly.</p> + +<p><i>pluckys</i>, 56/<a href = "#line1610">1611</a>, <i>sb.</i> +strokes;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +cf. Halliwell, Dict., p. 633.</p> + +<p><i>pomell</i>, 26/<a href = "#line715">714</a>, <i>sb.</i> +pommel.</p> + +<p><i>poynt</i>, 17/<a href = "#line445">445</a>, 88/<a href = +"#line2540">2540</a>, = <i>poynt of armys</i>, 3/<a href = +"#line65">68</a>, 30/<a href = "#line830">832</a>, 49/<a href = +"#line1380">1383</a>, <i>sb.</i> exploit.</p> + +<p><i>prekand</i>, 45/<ins class = "correction" title = ", missing"><a +href = "#line1260">1263</a>,</ins> <i>prs. p.</i> pricking.</p> + +<p><i>preste</i>, 50/<a href = "#line1415">1418</a>, <i>adj.</i> +ready.</p> + +<p><i>preve</i>, 10/<a href = "#line275">275</a>, <i>adj.</i> privy.</p> + +<p><i>pyll</i>, 21/<a href = "#line570">573</a>, <i>sb.</i> rock?</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<a name = "letter_r" id = "letter_r" href = +"#glossary"><i>ragyd</i></a>, 7/<a href = "#line195">194</a>, +<i>adj.</i> ragged.</p> + +<p><i>rawght</i>, 24/<a href = "#line645">645</a>, <i>pr. s.</i> +gave.</p> + +<p><i>red</i>, 7/<a href = "#line175">178</a>, <i>sb.</i> counsel.</p> + +<p><i>reioyse</i>, 75/<a href = "#line2150">2151</a>, 80/<a href = +"#line2310">2309</a>, 91/<a href = "#line2640">2640</a>, <i>vb.</i> to +enjoy.</p> + +<p><i>rerid</i>, 55/<a href = "#line1560">1561</a>, <i>pr. pl.</i> +reared, tried to bring on.</p> + +<p><i>reue</i>, 35/<a href = "#line985">986</a>, <i>vb.</i> to bereave, +to rob.</p> + +<p><i>reuelid</i>, 85/<a href = "#line2465">2467</a>, <i>pr. pl.</i> +revelled, feasted.</p> + +<p><i>revid</i>, 88/<a href = "#line2545">2546</a>, <i>pp.</i> +robbed.</p> + +<p><i>rewe</i>, 31/<a href = "#line860">860</a>, <i>vb.</i> to rue, to +pity.</p> + +<p><i>reysed</i>, 46/<a href = "#line1310">1313</a>, <i>pr. pl.</i> +raised, made ready;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>reysing</i>, 51/<a href = "#line1455">1454</a>, <i>prs. p.</i> +rising, starting up.</p> + +<p><i>rially</i>, 87/<a href = "#line2515">2516</a>, <i>adv.</i> +royally.</p> + +<p><i>rialte</i>, 85/<a href = "#line2455">2455</a>, <i>sb.</i> royal +state.</p> + +<p><i>rightfull</i>, 64/<a href = "#line1835">1834</a>, <i>adj.</i> <ins +class = "correction" title = "text unchanged">rightfull</ins>.</p> + +<p><i>roall</i>, 85/<a href = "#line2450">2450</a>, <ins class = +"correction" title = "word missing"><i>adj.</i></ins> royal.</p> + +<p><i>rome</i>, 19/<a href = "#line515">516</a>, <i>sb.</i> +cross-way?</p> + +<p><i>rore</i>, 37/<a href = "#line130">132</a>, <i>vb.</i> to roar.</p> + +<p><i>rough</i>, 66/<a href = "#line1880">1879</a>, <i>sb.</i> wood, +copse.</p> + +<p><i>rowe</i>, 50/<a href = "#line1425">1426</a>, <i>prs. pl.</i> +row.</p> + +<p><i>rowght</i>, 24/<a href = "#line645">645</a>, <i>sb.</i> stroke, +blow?</p> + +<p><i>rude</i>, 58/<a href = "#line1665">1666</a>, <i>adj.</i> rude.</p> + +<p><i>ryd</i>, 2/<a href = "#line45">44</a>, <i>pr. s.</i> rode.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page116" id = "page116">116</a></span> +<p><i>ryde-wey</i>, 22/<a href = "#line595">598</a>, <i>sb.</i> +spur-way, horse-way.</p> + +<p><i>ryngis</i>, 82/<a href = "#line2355">2354</a>, <i>sb.</i> ring, +arena.</p> + +<p><i>ryved</i>, 73/<a href = "#line2090">2090</a>, <i>pr. s.</i> ryved +up, landed, disembarked;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>ryven</i>, 50/<a href = "#line1435">1435</a>, <i>pr. p.</i> +landed.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<a name = "letter_s" id = "letter_s" href = "#glossary"><i>sare</i></a>, +4/<a href = "#line95">97</a>, <i>adv.</i> sorely.</p> + +<p><i>sarten</i>, 26/<a href = "#line715">717</a>, <i>adj. sb.</i> the +sarten = the truth.</p> + +<p><i>sayment</i>, 2/<a href = "#line50">50</a>, <i>sb.</i> trial, +exploit.</p> + +<p><i>scape</i>, 81/<a href = "#line2325">2327</a>, <i>prs. subj.</i> +escape.</p> + +<p><i>schedyng</i>, 19/<a href = "#line515">516</a>, <i>sb.</i> +separation.</p> + +<p><i>scheff-chambyr</i>, 26/<a href = "#line715">718</a>, <i>sb.</i> +chief-chamber, first rank-chamber.</p> + +<p><i>scheld</i>, 21/<a href = "#line575">578</a>, <i>vb.</i> to +shelter.</p> + +<p><i>schere</i>, 21/<a href = "#line555">556</a>, <i>vb.</i> to shear, +to cut.</p> + +<p><i>schope</i>, 21/<a href = "#line565">567</a>, <i>pr. s.</i> +created.</p> + +<p><i>schowt</i>, 21/<a href = "#line570">570</a>,</p> + +<p><i>schoute</i>, 61/<a href = "#line1750">1751</a>, 65/<a href = +"#line1875">1877</a>, <i>s.</i>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>schuot</i>, 22/<a href = "#line595">594</a>, <i>vb.</i> to shout.</p> + +<p><i>season</i>, 75/<a href = "#line2155">2157</a>, <i>sb.</i> +court.</p> + +<p><i>see-fome</i>, 75/<a href = "#line2165">2165</a>, <i>sb.</i> +sea-foam.</p> + +<p><i>sege</i>, 77/<a href = "#line2205">2204</a>, <i>sb.</i> siege.</p> + +<p><i>sekyrnes</i>, 30/<a href = "#line835">835</a>, <i>sb.</i> +surety.</p> + +<p><i>semled</i>, 85/<a href = "#line2445">2445</a>, <i>pr. pl.</i> +assembled.</p> + +<p><i>sete</i>, 33/<a href = "#line920">922</a>, <i>sb.</i> city.</p> + +<p><i>seth</i>, 74/<a href = "#line2140">2141</a>, <i>conj.</i> +since.</p> + +<p><i>sett</i>, 41/<a href = "#line1150">1152</a>, <i>pr. s.</i> +sat.</p> + +<p><i>sewe</i>, 4/<a href = "#line90">89</a>, <i>vb.</i> to look at.</p> + +<p><i>shipped</i>, 45/<a href = "#line1260">1260</a>, <i>pr. s.</i> +46/<a href = "#line1315">1318</a>, <i>pr. pl.</i> shypped, <i>pp.</i> +embarked.</p> + +<p><i>shone</i>, 40/<a href = "#line1115">1117</a>, <i>sb. pl.</i> +shoes.</p> + +<p><i>side lokyng</i>, 57/<a href = "#line1635">1637</a>, <i>sb.</i> +side-glance.</p> + +<p><i>siȝed</i>, 79/<a href = "#line2285">2288</a>, <i>pr. s.</i> +sighed.</p> + +<p><i>simarr</i>,* 47/<a href = "#line1335">1338</a>, <i>sb.</i> +cloak;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +see <a href = "#note1337">the note</a>.</p> + +<p><i>slade</i>, 58/<a href = "#line1660">1660</a>, <i>sb.</i> +slade.</p> + +<p><i>slon</i>,* 16/<a href = "#line455">458</a>, <i>sb.</i> sloe.</p> + +<p><i>smote</i>, 76/<a href = "#line2185">2185</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>smote adown</i>, 77/<a href = "#line2200">2203</a>, <i>pr. s.</i> +cast anchor.</p> + +<p><i>solasyd</i>, 24/<a href = "#line655">657</a>, <i>pr. s.</i> +solaced, comforted.</p> + +<p><i>solemnite</i>, 56/<a href = "#line1590">1591</a>, <i>sb.</i> +pride.</p> + +<p><i>sotell</i>, 61/<a href = "#line1760">1761</a>, <i>adj.</i> subtle, +sly.</p> + +<p><i>sownyng</i>, 49/<a href = "#line1400">1400</a>, 62/<a href = +"#line1780">1782</a>, 90/<a href = "#line2615">2615</a>, <i>sb.</i> +swooning.</p> + +<p><i>sparid</i>, 73/<a href = "#line2095">2096</a>, <i>pr. pl.</i> +barred, blocked up.</p> + +<p><i>sped</i>, 3/<a href = "#line70">70</a>, <i>prs. conj.</i> +speed.</p> + +<p><i>spent</i>, 67/<a href = "#line1910">1910</a>, <i>pp.</i> lost.</p> + +<p><i>sperryd</i>, 14/<a href = "#line365">364</a>, <i>pr. s.</i> +barred, shut up.</p> + +<p><i>sperrys</i>, 5/<a href = "#line125">127</a>, <i>sb.</i> spire, +tree.</p> + +<p><i>spousage</i>, 62/<a href = "#line1790">1791</a>, <i>sb.</i> +spousage.</p> + +<p><i>sprent</i>, 7/<a href = "#line180">181</a>, <i>pr. s.</i> +lept.</p> + +<p><i>spryt</i>, 7/<a href = "#line180">181</a>, <i>sb.</i> pole.</p> + +<p><i>stad</i>,* 55/<a href = "#line1565">1566</a>, <i>sb.</i> +stead.</p> + +<p><i>state</i>, 60/<a href = "#line1730">1729</a>, <i>sb.</i> chair of +state.</p> + +<p><i>stere</i>,* 24/<a href = "#line660">662</a>, <i>vb. refl.</i> +move.</p> + +<p><i>steryng</i>, 62/<a href = "#line1785">1785</a>, <i>p. prs.</i> +stirring, moving.</p> + +<p><i>stomlyng</i>, 24/<a href = "#line660">660</a>, <i>p. prs.</i> +stumbling.</p> + +<p><i>storrope</i>, 35/<a href = "#line985">987</a>, <ins class = +"correction" title = "word missing"><i>sb.</i></ins> stirrup.</p> + +<p><i>strake</i>, 2/<a href = "#line40">42</a>, <i>pr. s.</i> +struck.</p> + +<p><i>styll</i>, 18/<a href = "#line475">477</a>, <i>sb.</i> steel.</p> + +<p><i>swathing band</i>, 67/<a href = "#line1915">1917</a>, <i>sb.</i> +swath.</p> + +<p><i>swowe</i>,* 20/<a href = "#line545">548</a>, <i>sb.</i> noise;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +cf. <a href = "#note542">the note</a>.</p> + +<p><i>sybbe</i>,* 27/<a href = "#line740">739</a>, <i>sb.</i> +kinsman.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<a name = "letter_t" id = "letter_t" href = +"#glossary"><i>takyll</i></a>, 49/<a href = "#line1400">1402</a>, +<i>sb.</i> tackling.</p> + +<p><i>tall</i>, 26/<a href = "#line735">734</a>, <i>sb.</i> tale.</p> + +<p><i>tene</i>, 3/<a href = "#line70">73</a>, <i>sb.</i> grief, +sorrow.</p> + +<p><i>the</i>, 2/<a href = "#line50">49</a>, <i>vb.</i> to thrive.</p> + +<p><i>thede</i>,* 60/<a href = "#line1725">1728</a>, <i>sb.</i> +people.</p> + +<p><i>thefe</i>, 46/<a href = "#line1290">1292</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>theffe</i>, 58/<a href = "#line1660">1659</a>, <i>sb.</i> +villain.</p> + +<p><i>theves</i>, 61/<a href = "#line1760">1760</a>, <i>sb. pl.</i> +villains.</p> + +<p><i>thole</i>,* 17/<a href = "#line460">460</a>, <i>vb.</i> to +suffer.</p> + +<p><i>throng</i>, 38/<a href = "#line1055">1057</a>, <i>sb.</i> crowd, +troop.</p> + +<p><i>thronge</i>, 79/<a href = "#line2280">2283</a>, <i>pr. pl.</i> +thronged, pressed.</p> + +<p><i>tombelyd</i>, 42/<a href = "#line1170">1173</a>, <i>pr. pl.</i> +tumbled.</p> + +<p><i>to-sheverd</i>, 42/<a href = "#line1170">1172</a>, <i>pr. s.</i> +shivered in pieces.</p> + +<p><i>trast</i>,* 17/<a href = "#line455">455</a>,? <i>vb.</i> to +trust.</p> + +<p><i>trayll</i>, 46/<a href = "#line1315">1314</a>, <i>vb.</i> to +trail.</p> + +<p><i>trayn</i>, 29/<a href = "#line800">803</a>, 51/<a href = +"#line1455">1455</a>, <i>sb.</i> treachery, deceit.</p> + +<p><i>trompettys</i>, 29/<a href = "#line815">816</a>, 34/<a href = +"#line440">443</a>,</p> + +<p><i>trumpettes</i>, 41/<a href = "#line1165">1164</a>, <i>sb. pl.</i> +trumpets.</p> + +<p><i>trovylld</i>, 17/<a href = "#line450">452</a>, <i>pr. s.</i> +travailed, exerted himself.</p> + +<p><i>trow</i>, 21/<a href = "#line570">572</a>, <i>pr. s.</i> +believe.</p> + +<p><i>trusse</i>, 13/<a href = "#line355">354</a>, <i>vb.</i> to +truss.</p> + +<p><i>trussyd</i>, 14/<a href = "#line370">371</a>, <i>pr. pl.</i> +trussed.</p> + +<p><i>tyed</i>, 92/<a href = "#line2655">2658</a>, <i>pp.</i>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +cf. <a href = "#note2658">the note</a>.</p> + +<p><i>tyght</i>, 22/<a href = "#line590">589</a>, <i>adj.</i> tight.</p> + +<p><i>tyght</i>, 25/<a href = "#line690">690</a>, <i>adv.</i> in phr. +<i>ase tyght</i>, at once.</p> + +<p><i>tymbyr</i>, 2/<a href = "#line40">40</a>, 81/<a href = +"#line2350">2349</a>, 86/<a href = "#line2480">2483</a>, <ins class = +"correction" title = "word missing"><i>sb.</i></ins> lance.</p> + +<p><i>tynding</i>, 42/<a href = "#line1180">1181</a>, <i>sb.</i> +beating;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +cf. <a href = "#note1181">the note</a>.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<a name = "letter_v" id = "letter_v" href = "#glossary"><i>vale</i></a>, +s. <i>hede</i>.</p> + +<p><i>venturus</i>, 55/<a href = "#line1565">1566</a>, <i>adj.</i> +adventurous, dangerous.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page117" id = "page117">117</a></span> +<p><i>vetelid</i>, 76/<a href = "#line2185">2188</a>, <i>pp.</i> +supplied with provisions.</p> + +<p><i>victoure</i>, 83/<a href = "#line2410">2411</a>, <i>sb.</i> +victor.</p> + +<p><i>vnbrydeled</i>, 54/<a href = "#line1550">1552</a>, <i>pr. s.</i> +unbridled.</p> + +<p><i>vnder</i>, 71/<a href = "#line2030">2029</a>, <i>sb.</i> noon.</p> + +<p><i>vndyr-nethe</i>, 20/<a href = "#line540">542</a>, <i>prep.</i> +underneath.</p> + +<p><i>vndertane</i>, 61/<a href = "#line1730">1733</a>, <i>vb.</i> to +undertake.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<a name = "letter_w" id = "letter_w" href = +"#glossary"><i>walloyng</i></a>, 7/<a href = "#line190">189</a>, <i>prs. +p.</i> wallowing.</p> + +<p><i>wanne</i>, 62/<a href = "#line1765">1767</a>, <i>adj.</i> wan, +dark.</p> + +<p><i>ward</i>, 48/<a href = "#line1350">1351</a>, <i>sb.</i> +warden.</p> + +<p><i>waried</i>, 43/<a href = "#line1210">1211</a>, 88/<a href = +"#line2545">2544</a>, <i>pr. pl.</i> cursed;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>waried</i>, 54/<a href = "#line1535">1537</a>, <i>pp.</i> cursed.</p> + +<p><i>warne</i>, 29/<a href = "#line795">795</a>, <i>prs. s.</i> deny, +refuse.</p> + +<p><i>water fflood</i>, 65/<a href = "#line1870">1872</a>, <i>sb.</i> +water-flood.</p> + +<p><i>watt</i>, 44/<a href = "#line1245">1247</a>, <i>prs. 3 sg.</i> +knows.</p> + +<p><i>wax</i>, 3/<a href = "#line70">73</a>, <i>pr. s.</i> became.</p> + +<p><i>wede</i>, 2/<a href = "#line30">33</a>, <i>sb.</i> garment, +dress.</p> + +<p><i>wekid</i>, 80/<a href = "#line2300">2302</a>, <i>adj.</i> +wicked;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +see <a href = "#note2302">the note</a>.</p> + +<p><i>were</i>, 57/<a href = "#line1620">1623</a>, <i>vb.</i> to get +tired.</p> + +<p><i>were</i>, 28/<a href = "#line770">773</a>, <i>adj.</i> aware.</p> + +<p><i>wet-saffe</i>, 17/<a href = "#line465">466</a>, <i>pr. s.</i> +vouchsafe.</p> + +<p><i>wexe</i>,* 9/<a href = "#line235">237</a>, <i>pr. pl.</i> +became.</p> + +<p><i>wight</i>, 54/<a href = "#line1550">1551</a>, <i>sb.</i> +white.</p> + +<p><i>wilsom</i>, 71/<a href = "#line2030">2030</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>wyld-som</i>, 20/<a href = "#line535">535</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>wyldsome</i>, 19/<a href = "#line505">506</a>, <i>adj.</i> wild, +desert.</p> + +<p><i>wis</i>, 53/<a href = "#line1525">1525</a>, <i>vb.</i> to +show.</p> + +<p><i>wod</i>, 14/<a href = "#line375">377</a>, <i>adj.</i> mad.</p> + +<p><i>won</i>, 4/<a href = "#line95">94</a>, <i>adj.</i> one.</p> + +<p><i>wonande</i>, 1/<a href = "#line15">14</a>, <i>p. prs.</i> +living.</p> + +<p><i>wondyr-thyng</i>, 2/<a href = "#line50">53</a>, <i>sb.</i> +wondrous thing.</p> + +<p><i>wonne</i>, 46/<a href = "#line1295">1295</a>, <i>sb.</i> custom, +expedient.</p> + +<p><i>wonne</i>, 46/<a href = "#line1305">1307</a>, <i>pp.</i> wont? cf. +<a href = "#note1307">the note</a>.</p> + +<p><i>wonne</i>, 65/<a href = "#line1870">1870</a>, <i>p.</i> dwelling, +living?</p> + +<p><i>wonne</i>, 69/<a href = "#line1995">1995</a>, <i>pp.</i> won.</p> + +<p><i>wrought vp</i>, 54/<a href = "#line1530">1532</a>, <i>pr. s.</i> +built up, raised.</p> + +<p><i>wyght</i>,* 1/<a href = "#line15">15</a>, 3/<ins class = +"correction" title = "error for comma?"><a href = +"#line60">60</a>.</ins></p> + +<p><i>wyt</i>, 27/<a href = "#line750">749</a>,</p> + +<p><i>wyhte</i>, 30/<ins class = "correction" title = +"text reads ‘548’"><a href = "#line845">848</a></ins>, +<i>adj.</i> wight.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<a name = "letter_y" id = "letter_y" href = +"#glossary"><i>yare</i></a>,* 7/<a href = "#line175">177</a>,* 14/<a +href = "#line370">369</a>, 47/<a href = "#line1320">1320</a>, +<i>adv.</i> wholly, yarely.</p> + +<p><i>yatis gone</i>, 71/<a href = "#line2025">2025</a>, <i>sb. pl.</i> +footpaths.</p> + +<p><i>yell</i>, 46/<a href = "#line1305">1305</a>, <i>vb.</i> to +yell.</p> + +<p><i>yell</i>, 52/<a href = "#line1485">1487</a>, <i>sb.</i> yell.</p> + +<p><i>yf</i>, 61/<a href = "#line1740">1740</a>, <i>imp. s.</i></p> + +<p><i>yff</i>, 70/<a href = "#line2010">2009</a>, <i>prs. conj. s.</i> +may give.</p> + +<p><i>ylke</i>, 25/<a href = "#line695">694</a>, 63/<a href = +"#line1800">1801</a>, <i>pron.</i> same.</p> + + +<p><a name = "page118" id = "page118"> </a></p> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page119" id = "page119">119</a></span> + +<h3><a name = "names" id = "names">INDEX OF NAMES.</a></h3> + +<p><i>Adolake</i>, <a href = "#line435">434</a>, the name of a +sword;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>Adyloke</i>, <a href = "#line665">665</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>Hatheloke</i>, <a href = "#line790">791</a>.</p> + +<p><i>Adryan</i>, <a href = "#line925">927</a>, St. Hadrian.</p> + +<p><i>Amyas</i>, <a href = "#line345">345</a>, a young prince.</p> + +<p><i>Antioche</i>, <a href = "#line2230">2229</a>, Antiochia.</p> + +<p><i>Antony</i>, <a href = "#line1875">1874</a>, <a href = +"#line1940">1940</a>, <a href = "#line1970">1970</a>, <a href = +"#line2555">2558</a>, St. Antony.</p> + +<p><i>Antony fice greffoun</i>, <a href = "#line1995">1998</a>, +<a href = "#line2435">2435</a>, <a href = "#line2475">2476</a>, +<i>Torrent’s</i> son.</p> + +<p><i>Aragon</i>, <a href = "#line1115">1114</a>, +<a href = "#line1150">1152</a>, <a href = "#line1180">1182</a>, +<a href = "#line1210">1212</a>, <a href = "#line1255">1257</a>, +<a href = "#line1325">1325</a>, <a href = "#line2110">2110</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>Eragon</i>, <a href = "#line765">765</a>.</p> + +<p><i>Awsden</i>, <a href = "#line1030">1029</a>, St. Austin.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<i>Be-gon-mese</i>, <a href = "#line100">101</a>, a giant.</p> + +<p><i>Berweyne</i>, <a href = "#line345">344</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +see <i>Jakys</i>.</p> + +<p><i>Brasille</i>, <a href = "#line1450">1450</a>, a forest on the +Norwegian coast.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<i>Calabur</i>, <a href = "#line845">847</a>, +<a href = "#line905">907</a>, <a href = "#line950">952</a>, +<a href = "#line1060">1059</a>, <a href = "#line1320">1320</a>, +<a href = "#line2110">2113</a>, Calabria.</p> + +<p><i>Calamond</i>, <a href = "#line1220">1221</a>, King of +Portugal;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>Calomond</i>, <a href = "#line2115">2116</a>, +<a href = "#line2165">2168</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>Colomand</i>, <a href = "#line2105">2104</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>Colomond</i>, <a href = "#line1405">1408</a>, +<a href = "#line2140">2143</a>.</p> + +<p><i>Cardon</i>, <a href = "#line1090">1091</a>, a town in +Calabria.</p> + +<p><i>Cargon</i>, <a href = "#line1325">1326</a>, a town in Aragon.</p> + +<p><i>Cate</i>, <a href = "#line1235">1238</a>, +<a href = "#line1255">1254</a>, <a href = "#line1290">1293</a>, +<a href = "#line1590">1593</a>, a giant.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<i>Desonell<b>e</b></i>, <a href = "#line110">109</a>, +<a href = "#line380">382</a>, <a href = "#line445">446</a>, +<a href = "#line450">450</a>, <a href = "#line475">478</a>, +<a href = "#line670">673</a>, <a href = "#line795">795</a>, +<a href = "#line860">859</a>, <a href = "#line985">985</a>, +<a href = "#line1100">1102</a>, <a href = "#line1135">1135</a>, +<a href = "#line1160">1161</a>, <a href = "#line1360">1359</a>, +<a href = "#line1390">1393</a>, <a href = "#line1700">1703</a>, +<a href = "#line1780">1780</a>, <a href = "#line2005">2006</a>, +<a href = "#line2060">2059</a>, <a href = "#line2075">2077</a>, +<a href = "#line2090">2092</a>, <a href = "#line2170">2173</a>, +<a href = "#line2400">2401</a>, <a href = "#line2425">2424</a>, +<a href = "#line2500">2500</a>, <a href = "#line2510">2509</a>, +<a href = "#line2520">2523</a>, <a href = "#line2530">2533</a>, +<a href = "#line2585">2587</a>, <ins class = "correction" +title = "text has ; for ,"><a href = "#line2615">2614</a>,</ins> +King <i>Calamond’s</i> daughter, <i>Torrent’s</i> spouse;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>Dissonell<b>e</b></i>, <a href = "#line1330">1329</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>Dysonell<b>e</b></i>, <a href = "#line30">32</a>.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<i>Elyoner</i>, <a href = "#line345">347</a>, daughter of the King of +<i>Gales</i>.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<i>Flonthus</i>, <a href = "#line1005">1005</a>, <i>Slonges of +Flonthus</i>, a giant.</p> + +<p><i>Fuolles</i>, <a href = "#line745">748</a>, <i>Slogus of +Fuolles</i>, variation of the former name.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<i>Gales</i>, <a href = "#line345">346</a>, +<a href = "#line405">408</a>, <a href = "#line415">417</a>.</p> + +<p><i>Gendres</i>, <a href = "#line1745">1747</a>, daughter of the King +of Norway.</p> + +<p><i>George</i>, <a href = "#line1675">1677</a>, St. George.</p> + +<p><i>Grece</i>, <a href = "#line2420">2419</a>, +<a href = "#line2435">2434</a>, <a href = "#line2555">2557</a>, +<a href = "#line2640">2643</a>, Greece.</p> + +<p><i>Grekes</i>, <a href = "#line80">79</a>, +<a href = "#line1280">1282</a>, <a href = "#line2180">2179</a>, +<a href = "#line2645">2645</a>, Greeks.</p> + +<p><i>Gryffen</i>, <a href = "#line1215">1215</a>, St. Griffon.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<i>Hungry</i>, <a href = "#line970">970</a>, Hungary.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<i>Jakys</i>, <a href = "#line345">344</a>, <i>Jakys of Berweyne</i>, a +young prince.</p> + +<p><i>Jame</i>, <a href = "#line745">744</a>, +<a href = "#line785">788</a>, St. James.</p> + +<p><i>Jerusalem</i>, <a href = "#line1895">1897</a>, +<a href = "#line1920">1921</a>, <a href = "#line1935">1938</a>, +<a href = "#line2235">2236</a>, <a href = "#line2245">2245</a>, +<a href = "#line2275">2275</a>, <a href = "#line2425">2426</a>, +<a href = "#line2470">2473</a>, <a href = "#line2555">2554</a>, +<a href = "#line2630">2633</a>.</p> + +<p><i>Jesus</i>, <a href = "#line135">134</a>, +<a href = "#line275">274</a>, <a href = "#line535">537</a>, +<a href = "#line540">540</a>, <a href = "#line675">675</a>, +<a href = "#line995">996</a>, <a href = "#line1340">1340</a>, +<a href = "#line1370">1371</a>, <a href = "#line1380">1382</a>, +<a href = "#line1445">1447</a>, <a href = "#line1540">1539</a>, +<a href = "#line1565">1564</a>, <a href = "#line1700">1702</a>, +<a href = "#line1800">1799</a>, <a href = "#line1935">1937</a>, +<a href = "#line1985">1985</a>, <a href = "#line1995">1997</a>, +<a href = "#line2215">2218</a>, <a href = "#line2580">2580</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>Iesu Cryst</i>, <a href = "#line205">206</a>, +<a href = "#line530">529</a>, <a href = "#line1275">1275</a>, +<a href = "#line1830">1832</a>, <a href = "#line1850">1852</a>, +<a href = "#line2665">2664</a>.</p> + +<p><i>John</i>, <a href = "#line1885">1884</a>, +<a href = "#line2140">2140</a>, <a href = "#line2515">2514</a>, +<a href = "#line2560">2559</a>, St. John.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<i>Katryn</i>, <a href = "#line2050">2053</a>, St. Catherine.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<i>Leobertus</i>, <a href = "#line1925">1925</a>, +<a href = "#line2245">2246</a>, <a href = "#line2475">2477</a>, +<i>Torrent’s</i> son.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<i>Marre</i>, <a href = "#line85">85</a>, +<a href = "#line625">624</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>Mary</i>, <a href = "#line135">136</a>, +<a href = "#line1305">1308</a>, <a href = "#line1565">1565</a>, +<a href = "#line1645">1646</a>, <a href = "#line1885">1888</a>, +<a href = "#line1905">1906</a>, <a href = "#line1945">1946</a>, +<a href = "#line1970">1969</a>, <a href = "#line2095">2098</a>, +<a href = "#line2310">2311</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>Marry</i>, <a href = "#line60">61</a>, <a href = "#line260">259</a>, +<a href = "#line860">863</a>.</p> + +<p><i>Mavdeleyn</i>, <a href = "#line490">489</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>Mawdleyn</i>, <a href = "#line505">505</a>, +<a href = "#line735">737</a>, Maudlin, name of a forest.</p> + +<p><i>Mownpolyardnus</i>, <a href = "#line715">716</a>, the name of a +sword.</p> + +<p><i>Myhell<b>e</b></i>, <a href = "#line750">753</a>, St. Michael.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<i>Nazareth</i>, <a href = "#line465">465</a>, +<a href = "#line2030">2032</a>, <a href = "#line2040">2041</a>, +<a href = "#line2390">2389</a>, <a href = "#line2435">2437</a>, +<a href = "#line2525">2528</a>.</p> + +<span class = "pagenum"> +<a name = "page120" id = "page120">120</a></span> +<p><i>Norway</i>, <a href = "#line1370">1370</a>, +<a href = "#line1375">1377</a>, <a href = "#line1410">1412</a>, +<a href = "#line1415">1417</a>, <a href = "#line1760">1759</a>, +<a href = "#line1780">1781</a>, <a href = "#line2080">2083</a>.</p> + +<p><i>Nycholas de Barr</i>, <a href = "#line1335">1337</a>, St. Nicholas +de Bari;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +see <a href = "#note1337">the note</a>.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<i>Peron</i>, <a href = "#line1775">1776</a>, +<a href = "#line1830">1830</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>Perowne</i>, <a href = "#line660">659</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>Perrown</i>, <a href = "#line410">412</a>, a town in Portugal.</p> + +<p><i>Pervens</i>, <a href = "#line420">420</a>, +<a href = "#line1095">1095</a>, <a href = "#line1320">1320</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>Pervyns</i>, <a href = "#line865">868</a>, +<a href = "#line2110">2113</a>, Provence;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>Provyns</i>, <a href = "#line395">397</a>, +<a href = "#line410">413</a>.</p> + +<p><i>Portingale</i>, <a href = "#line1070">1069</a>, +<a href = "#line1345">1346</a>, <a href = "#line2090">2090</a>, +<a href = "#line2095">2095</a>, <a href = "#line2590">2593</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>Portyngale</i>, <a href = "#line1770">1772</a>, +<a href = "#line2135">2134</a>, <a href = "#line2175">2176</a>, +<a href = "#line2410">2413</a>, <a href = "#line2620">2620</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>Portynggall<b>e</b></i>, <a href = "#line10">13</a>, +<a href = "#line25">25</a>, <a href = "#line375">374</a>, +<a href = "#line400">399</a>, <a href = "#line725">727</a>, +<a href = "#line760">763</a>, <a href = "#line875">877</a>, +<a href = "#line880">883</a>, <a href = "#line1255">1255</a>, +Portugal.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<i>Quarell<b>e</b></i>, <a href = "#line2180">2182</a>, +<a href = "#line2415">2415</a>, a town in Syria.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<i>Raynes</i>, <a href = "#line2415">2414</a>, a town in Syria.</p> + +<p><i>Rochense</i>, <a href = "#line635">637</a>, a giant.</p> + +<p><i>Rome</i>, <a href = "#line10">12</a>, +<a href = "#line115">118</a>, <a href = "#line185">187</a>, +<a href = "#line190">190</a>, <a href = "#line195">198</a>, +<a href = "#line555">558</a>, <a href = "#line925">924</a>, +<a href = "#line1225">1224</a>, <a href = "#line1280">1282</a>, +<a href = "#line1320">1319</a>, <a href = "#line1925">1924</a>, +<a href = "#line2180">2183</a>, <a href = "#line2625">2626</a>, +<a href = "#line2660">2661</a>.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<i>Samson</i>, <a href = "#line95">95</a>, Samson.</p> + +<p><i><ins class = "correction" title = "text reads ‘Sarzins’">Sarȝins</ins></i>, +<a href = "#line2230">2232</a>, Saracens.</p> + +<p><i>Sathanas</i>, <a href = "#line1235">1237</a>, Satan.</p> + +<p><i>Slochys</i>, <a href = "#line850">850</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>Slogus</i>, <a href = "#line745">748</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>Slonges</i>, <a href = "#line1005">1005</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>Slongus</i>, <a href = "#line965">967</a>, a giant.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<i>Torrayne</i>, <a href = "#line25">26</a>, Touraine.</p> + +<p><i>Torren</i>, <a href = "#line340">343</a>.</p> + +<p><i>Torrent</i>, <a href = "#line35">34</a>, +<a href = "#line45">46</a>, <a href = "#line50">49</a>, +<a href = "#line60">61</a>, <a href = "#line90">91</a>, +<a href = "#line130">133</a>, <a href = "#line145">148</a>, +<a href = "#line180">181</a>, <a href = "#line200">200</a>, +<a href = "#line200">203</a>, <a href = "#line215">217</a>, +<a href = "#line225">224</a>, <a href = "#line230">230</a>, +<a href = "#line250">252</a>, <a href = "#line280">280</a>, +<a href = "#line295">295</a>, <a href = "#line300">302</a>, +<a href = "#line315">314</a>, <a href = "#line390">392</a>, +<a href = "#line400">399</a>, <a href = "#line430">432</a>, +<a href = "#line465">466</a>, <a href = "#line470">470</a>, +<a href = "#line475">477</a>, <a href = "#line480">480</a>, +<a href = "#line495">495</a>, <a href = "#line505">504</a>, +<a href = "#line520">519</a>, <a href = "#line525">528</a>, +<a href = "#line540">540</a>, <a href = "#line555">556</a>, +<a href = "#line575">577</a>, <a href = "#line585">585</a>, +<a href = "#line590">591</a>, <a href = "#line620">621</a>, +<a href = "#line635">634</a>, <a href = "#line640">642</a>, +<a href = "#line645">645</a>, <a href = "#line645">648</a>, +<a href = "#line660">663</a>, <a href = "#line670">670</a>, +<a href = "#line675">677</a>, <a href = "#line680">681</a>, +<a href = "#line685">687</a>, <a href = "#line690">691</a>, +<a href = "#line690">693</a>, <a href = "#line700">699</a>, +<a href = "#line730">733</a>, <a href = "#line740">739</a>, +<a href = "#line750">752</a>, <a href = "#line765">768</a>, +<a href = "#line770">772</a>, <a href = "#line820">819</a>, +<a href = "#line825">824</a>, <a href = "#line825">825</a>, +<a href = "#line825">828</a>, <a href = "#line835">834</a>, +<a href = "#line840">839</a>, <a href = "#line840">843</a>, +<a href = "#line850">852</a>, <a href = "#line875">877</a>, +<a href = "#line880">883</a>, <a href = "#line895">896</a>, +<a href = "#line945">946</a>, <a href = "#line955">957</a>, +<a href = "#line985">984</a>, <a href = "#line985">987</a>, +<a href = "#line1000">999</a>, <a href = "#line1005">1006</a>, +<a href = "#line1020">1021</a>, <a href = "#line1020">1023</a>, +<a href = "#line1040">1039</a>, <a href = "#line1045">1044</a>, +<a href = "#line1050">1051</a>, <a href = "#line1060">1060</a>, +<a href = "#line1070">1072</a>, <a href = "#line1120">1119</a>, +<a href = "#line1160">1163</a>, <a href = "#line1165">1167</a>, +<a href = "#line1170">1170</a>, <a href = "#line1175">1176</a>, +<a href = "#line1200">1200</a>, <a href = "#line1255">1256</a>, +<a href = "#line1260">1263</a>, <a href = "#line1270">1270</a>, +<a href = "#line1285">1284</a>, <a href = "#line1295">1298</a>, +<a href = "#line1415">1414</a>, <a href = "#line1435">1434</a>, +<a href = "#line1480">1480</a>, <a href = "#line1535">1535</a>, +<a href = "#line1700">1699</a>, <a href = "#line1755">1756</a>, +<a href = "#line1835">1838</a>, <a href = "#line1900">1903</a>, +<a href = "#line2080">2081</a>, <a href = "#line2485">2485</a>, +<a href = "#line2630">2630</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>Terrant</i>, <a href = "#line140">142</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>Terrent</i>, <a href = "#line85">85</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>Torent</i>, <a href = "#line155">157</a>, +<a href = "#line205">205</a>, <a href = "#line755">756</a>, +<a href = "#line785">784</a>, <a href = "#line1245">1246</a>, +<a href = "#line1255">1254</a>, <a href = "#line1275">1278</a>, +<a href = "#line1290">1293</a>, <a href = "#line1305">1307</a>, +<a href = "#line1315">1317</a>, <a href = "#line1320">1322</a>, +<a href = "#line1325">1325</a>, <a href = "#line1330">1331</a>, +<a href = "#line1345">1347</a>, <a href = "#line1355">1355</a>, +<a href = "#line1365">1367</a>, <a href = "#line1380">1379</a>, +<a href = "#line1390">1391</a>, <a href = "#line1435">1437</a>, +<a href = "#line1440">1443</a>, <a href = "#line1495">1494</a>, +<a href = "#line1510">1511</a>, <a href = "#line1515">1517</a>, +<a href = "#line1560">1562</a>, <a href = "#line1570">1569</a>, +<a href = "#line1595">1598</a>, <a href = "#line1610">1613</a>, +<a href = "#line1620">1622</a>, <a href = "#line1725">1724</a>, +<a href = "#line1725">1727</a>, <a href = "#line1780">1780</a>, +<a href = "#line1810">1811</a>, <a href = "#line2085">2084</a>, +<a href = "#line2095">2097</a>, <a href = "#line2105">2107</a>, +<a href = "#line2115">2117</a>, <a href = "#line2120">2120</a>, +<a href = "#line2140">2140</a>, <a href = "#line2150">2150</a>, +<a href = "#line2155">2155</a>, <a href = "#line2180">2179</a>, +<a href = "#line2190">2191</a>, <a href = "#line2195">2197</a>, +<a href = "#line2210">2209</a>, <a href = "#line2225">2224</a>, +<a href = "#line2245">2244</a>, <a href = "#line2255">2257</a>, +<a href = "#line2260">2263</a>, <a href = "#line2270">2269</a>, +<a href = "#line2280">2281</a>, <a href = "#line2330">2330</a>, +<a href = "#line2360">2362</a>, <a href = "#line2380">2380</a>, +<a href = "#line2475">2478</a>, <a href = "#line2480">2479</a>, +<a href = "#line2480">2482</a>, <a href = "#line2490">2489</a>, +<a href = "#line2495">2495</a>, <a href = "#line2500">2501</a>, +<a href = "#line2500">2503</a>, <a href = "#line2510">2511</a>, +<a href = "#line2535">2534</a>, <a href = "#line2565">2567</a>, +<a href = "#line2575">2575</a>, <a href = "#line2600">2603</a>, +<a href = "#line2610">2611</a>, <a href = "#line2615">2617</a>, +<a href = "#line2640">2642</a>, <a href = "#line2650">2649</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>Torrant</i>, <a href = "#line70">70</a>, <a href = "#line75">76</a>, +<a href = "#line100">103</a>, <a href = "#line240">241</a>, +<a href = "#line250">253</a>, <a href = "#line365">364</a>, +<a href = "#line380">380</a>, <a href = "#line655">657</a>, +<a href = "#line760">760</a>, <a href = "#line840">840</a>, +<a href = "#line960">963</a>;</p> +<p class = "subhead"> +<i>Tyrrant</i>, <a href = "#line15">18</a>.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<i>Velond</i>, <a href = "#line425">427</a>, Veland the smith.</p> + +<p><i>Verdownys</i>, <a href = "#line305">305</a>, +<a href = "#line340">341</a>, <a href = "#line410">410</a>, +son of the King of Provence.</p> + + +<p class = "letter"> +<i>Weraunt</i>, <a href = "#line1650">1650</a>, a giant.</p> +</div> +<!-- end div glossary --> + + +<p class = "center"> +R. CLAY AND SONS, LIMITED, LONDON AND BUNGAY.</p> + + +<div class = "endnote"> +<h4><a name = "endnote" id = "endnote">Typographic Details</a></h4> + +<p>In the Notes and Introduction, long vowels were printed with +circumflex â rather than macron ā. This usage has been retained; +the circumflex accent in its own right does not occur.</p> + +<p>In the Introduction, emphasis within italicized passages was shown +either by reverting to Roman type or by printing the words as <span +class = "extended">gesperrt</span> (extended). In this e-text, both +kinds of emphasis are shown as <i><b>bold</b> italics</i>.</p> + +<p>Loops or flourishes attached to final letters are shown as +<sup>)</sup> (small raised parenthesis).</p> + +<p>The letter “n” with overline is shown as ñ (n-tilde) for better font +support.</p> + +<p>Double “l” in the main text was printed as two l’s with a single +connecting line. They are shown in this e-text as ll̴ (simple l followed +by l with tilde overlay). Note that the printers do not seem to have had +an italic version of this letter pair; in the e-text it is shown as +italic or roman based on the surrounding text.</p> + +<hr /> + +<p>Hyphenization of prefixes in the modern material (introduction, +linenotes, endnotes) does not always match the body text; words are +printed as shown. In citations, capitalization of German is +unchanged.</p> + +<p>Commas at the end of some <a href = "#glossary">Glossary</a> entries +are not errors. The letters I and J are alphabetized together. Initial U +is written and alphabetized as V.</p> +</div> + +</div> +<!-- end div fulltext --> + + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Torrent of Portyngale, by Unknown + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TORRENT OF PORTYNGALE *** + +***** This file should be named 35190-h.htm or 35190-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/5/1/9/35190/ + +Produced by Louise Hope, Taavi Kalju and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +book was produced from scanned images of public domain +material from the Google Print project.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +http://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +http://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at http://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit http://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. +To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + http://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. + + +</pre> + +</body> +</html> diff --git a/35190-h/images/microline.png b/35190-h/images/microline.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..add93e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/35190-h/images/microline.png diff --git a/35190-h/images/torrent1.png b/35190-h/images/torrent1.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..ac6a9e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/35190-h/images/torrent1.png diff --git a/35190-h/images/torrent_i.png b/35190-h/images/torrent_i.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..226406d --- /dev/null +++ b/35190-h/images/torrent_i.png diff --git a/35190.txt b/35190.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ff63db4 --- /dev/null +++ b/35190.txt @@ -0,0 +1,9046 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Torrent of Portyngale, by Unknown + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Torrent of Portyngale + +Author: Unknown + +Editor: Erich Adam + +Release Date: February 17, 2011 [EBook #35190] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TORRENT OF PORTYNGALE *** + + + + +Produced by Louise Hope, Taavi Kalju and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +book was produced from scanned images of public domain +material from the Google Print project.) + + + + + +[TranscriberaEuro(TM)s Note: + +This e-text includes characters that require UTF-8 (Unicode) file +encoding: + + E (yogh) + AEsAEs (l with line: see typograpic notes) + A. A|I, (vowels with less common diacritics: only in the Introduction) + +If any of these characters do not display properly, or if the +apostrophes and quotation marks in this paragraph appear as garbage, +make sure your text readeraEuro(TM)s aEurooecharacter setaEuro or aEurooefile encodingaEuro is set +to Unicode (UTF-8). You may also need to change the default font. As a +last resort, use the Latin-1 version of the file instead. + +All footnotes are shown immediately after their referring paragraph. +Except in the Introduction, footnotes are identified by section: T1, +T2... (Torrent, main text), F1 (Fragments) and N1 (Notes). + +The main text is shown stanza by stanza. Sidenotes are grouped at the +beginning of the stanza, linenotes and numbered footnotes (rare) at the +end. Headnotes that originally came at mid-stanza have been moved to the +following stanza break. + +Italics representing expanded abbreviations are shown in {braces}. In +the aEurooeMetre and VersificationaEuro section of the introduction, emphasis +within italicized text is shown the same way. Emphasized words are +shown with +marks+. Typographic details are given at the end of the +e-text. + +Errors and anomalies in the main text are shown in [[double brackets]] +immediately after the linenotes for each stanza. Other errors are listed +at the end of the e-text. + +Except for brackets enclosing linenotes and errata, all brackets are +in the original. Line numbers in brackets are explained in the +Introduction.] + + + + + Torrent of Portyngale. + + + Early English Text Society. + Extra Series, No. LI. + 1887. + + + + + Berlin: Asher & Co., 5, Unter Den Linden. + New York: C. Scribner & Co.; Leypoldt & Holt. + Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott & Co. + + + + + TORRENT OF PORTYNGALE. + + + Re-Edited + + From the Unique MS. in the Chetham Library, Manchester, + + by + + E. ADAM, Ph.D. + + + London: + Publisht for the Early English Text Society + By N. TrA1/4bner & Co., 57 & 59, Ludgate Hill. + MDCCCLXXXVII. + + + + + DEDICATED + + TO MY TEACHER AND HELPER, + + PROF. E. KA-LBING, Ph.D. + + + +Extra Series.+ + LI. + Richard Clay & Sons, Limited, London & Bungay. + + + * * * * * + * * * * + + Torrent of Portyngale. + + * * * * + * * * * * + + +INTRODUCTION. + + ASec. 1. _The MS. and HalliwellaEuro(TM)s edition_, p.A v. + + ASec. 2. _Metre and Versification_, p. vi. + + ASec. 3. _Dialect_, p. x; + _short vowels_, p. xi; + _long vowels_, p.A xii; + _inflexions_, p.A xiii. + + ASec. 4. a. _The contents of the Romance_, p. xvi; + b. _its character_, p.A xx; + c. _Origin of the story of Torrent_, p.A xxi; + d. _Legend of Eustache or Plasidas_, p.A xxii; + e. _Sir Isumbras_, p.A xxiv; + f. _Romances of Octavian_, p.A xxv; + g. _Sir Eglamour_, p.A xxvi; + h. _Comparison of Torrent and Eglamour_, p.A xxvii; + i. _the 2 Romances independent_, p.A xxx. + + ASec. 5. _Arrangement of this Edition_, p. xxxii. + + +ASec. 1. The manuscript from which the following romance of _Sir Torrent of +Portugal_ is taken, is a folio volume on paper, of the fifteenth +century, preserved in the Chetham Library at Manchester. + +A description of this volume is given by Halliwell in his _Account of +the European MSS. in the Chetham Library at Manchester_, Manchester, +1842, page 16, and by Prof. Koelbing in his _Englische Studien_, vii. +195. The only edition of this romance that we have hitherto had was done +by Halliwell. As he had, besides his own transcript, another copy made +by Madden, his text is a pretty accurate one, and therefore the results +of Prof. KoelbingaEuro(TM)s collation, printed in his _Englische Studien_, vii. +344 ff., concern, for the most part, things of little importance, except +one very curious passage, l. 88, where Halliwell renders the quite +correct reading of the MS., _pA la more de dewe_ = _par laEuro(TM)amour de dieu_, +by _Pericula more bedew[n]e_. Also, from l. 1720, the counting of the +lines is wrong by 100 lines. + +A few short fragments of a printed edition were found by Halliwell in +the Douce Collection, Bodleian Library, Oxford, and added to his work as +an Appendix. They contain the following passages of theA MS.: + + Fragment III. = lines 462-489. + aEuroz II. = aEuroz 492-520. + aEuroz VI. = aEuroz 820-851. + aEuroz V. = aEuroz 917-948. + aEuroz IV. = aEuroz 949-970. + aEuroz I. = aEuroz 1807-1866. + +A seventh fragment, of which not much more than the rhyming words are +preserved, was omitted by Halliwell, and was printed for the first time +in Prof. KoelbingaEuro(TM)s collation. + +This Chetham MS. contains the romance in a very debased and corrupt +form, so that the original reading in many passages can hardly be +recognized.[1] The scribe, who copied the poem from an older MS., lived +(no doubt) at a far later period than the poet; he did not therefore +understand a great many old expressions, and these he used to supplant +by words of his own; he also transposed and even omitted many lines, and +spoiled the rhyme, because he had not the slightest idea of the nature +of the stanza in which the poem is composed. Halliwell did not trouble +himself about the restoration of the true readings; he merely reproduced +the traditional text, even where it would have been very easy to do +more, though many passages are hopelessly corrupt; still worse is the +fact, that he did not recognize the metre as the tail-rhymed twelve-line +stanza, for he prints six-line stanzas. + + [Footnote 1: Halliwell says, Preface v f.: aEuro~It is very incorrectly + written, and the copy of the romance of Torrent of Portugal, which + occupies 88 pages of the book, contains so many obvious blunders + and omissions, that it may be conjectured with great probability + to have been written down from oral recitation.aEuro(TM)] + +In consequence, the whole of the philological work on the text had still +to be done, and a new edition was plainly necessary; the more that this +poem, though not written in the best period of romance poetry, treats of +a legendary subject widely spread in the Middle Ages, and is nearly +related to another poem, _Syr Eglamour of Artois_. + + +ASec. 2. METRE AND VERSIFICATION. + +As I mentioned before, the romance of _Sir Torrent_ is composed in the +well-known tail-rhymed twelve-line stanza, and belongs to that class of +it in which the first and the second couplets have different +rhyme-sounds (cf. Koelbing, _Amis and Amiloun_, p.A xiv ff.). Only the +incompleteness of many stanzas, and the many defects in reference to the +rhyme, can excuse Halliwell for not apprehending the character of the +metre. As to the structure of the eight lines of the four couplets, each +contains (or at least ought to contain) four accents, the _caudA|_ three; +but as we, unfortunately, possess only one MS., aA conclusive statement +on this point is impossible. There is no doubt about the fact that +neither the really incorrect rhymes nor the wanting of them can be due +to the author of the poem: even when romance poetry was decaying, the +poets were fairly perfect rhymers: with all deficiencies in this +department, the copyists are to be charged. + +_Consonant_ rhymes (s. _Schipper Altengl. Metrik_, p.A 299) are found +in _Torrent_ in the following passages: l. 141 _rode--rode_ ags. +_rA'd--rAcd_. 450 _the--the_ ags. _A3/4eA cubedn--A3/4e_. 1558 _indede--dede_. 2205 +_lay--lay_, _sg.--plr. prt._ + +_Identical_ rhymes are frequent, especially in the _caudA|_: 81 +_stond--stond_. 177 _there--there_. 500 _he--hee_. 1887 _there--there_. +2538 _blithe--blithe_. 39 _take--take_. 342 _bold--bold_, a.A s.A o. + +_Assonances_: 195 _bon~--Rome_. 518 _undyrstond--strong_. 537 +_name--alone_. 699 _yod--fotte_. 758 _name--tane_. 896 _bryng--wynd_. +1257 _overcom~--Aragon~_. 1768 _man~--cam~_. 2164 _anon~--fome_. 2544 +_sithe--hide_. + +Besides the rhymes we find abundant alliteration, as in most of the +Middle English Romances. On alliteration, cf. Regel, Die alliteration in +LaEamon, _Germ. Stud._ I. 171; F. Lindner, The alliteration in ChauceraEuro(TM)s +Canterbury Tales, _Essays on Chaucer_, Pt. III., p.A 197 ff. Koelbing, +_Sir Tristrem_, p.A xxxvii, and _Amis and Amiloun_, p. lxvi. Lindner as +well as Koelbing has adopted RegelaEuro(TM)s classification, and so shall I. The +most frequent is two alliterative words in one verse; they can be +classed in the following way:-- + +I. A. The same word is repeated in two succeeding lines; v. 456 f.: +_Forthe sche browght a {whyt} sted, As {whyt} as the flowyr in~ med_; +v. 618 f.: _In IV {quarters} he hym drowe, And euery {quarter} vppon a +bowe_. v. 2026 f.: _But ran into a {wilde}rnes Amongist beests that +{wyld} wes_. v. 2465 f.: _They axid {hors} and armes bryght, to +{hors}bak went thay in ffere_. + +B. _Alliterative combinations, one part of which is a proper name._ +_Torrent_ is several times combined with the verb _take_; 26: _Towarde +hym he {t}akythe {T}orrayne_; 224: _{T}orrent thether {t}oke the way_; +519: _{T}orrent {t}oke a dulful wey_; 2269: _Whan sir {T}orent was +{t}akyn~ than~_; 91: _Now, be my {t}rowthe, seyd {T}orent than~_; 1161: +_Alas, said {D}esoneAEsAEs the {d}ere_; 2523: _As was {d}ame {D}esoneAEsAEs_; +1906 = 1946 = 1969: _{M}ary {m}yld. To {s}end unto her {S}athanas._ +v. 1091: _The {c}asteAEsAEs of {C}ardon~._ + +II. A. _Words of the same root are alliterative._ 133: _Torrent, on +{kne} {kne}lyd he_; 671: _That on hys {kne} he {kne}ld_; 2502: _And +{kne}lid on her {kne}_; 205: _Torrent {kne}lyd on hys {kne}_ = v. 528; +881: _And {kne}lyd vppon ys {kne}_; 1883: _She {kne}lid down~ vppon~ her +{kne}_; 2563: _Down~ they {kne}lid on~ her {kne}_; 512: _By {d}ymmynge +of the {da}y_; 1158: _For her love {d}id I never no {d}ede_; 1801: _That +ylke {d}ede, that she hath {d}one_; 1943: _How she {fl}ew in a +{ffl}ight_; 2384: _{Liffe} and {lyv}elode, whiAEsAEs I {lyve}_; 233: +_AA {lyon~} & a {lyon}asse_; 1671: _For to {se} that {s}elly {s}ight_; +407: _For the {t}alles thou hast me {t}old_; 1466: _And fals {t}alis +hym~ {t}old_; 2578: _Euer we {wiAEsAEs} be at youre {wiAEsAEs}_. + +B. Relations in which alliterative words stand to each other according +to their meaning. + +_a._ Concrete ideas are joined together because they belong to the same +sphere of life. 2017: _{B}yrdus and {b}estis, aye woo ye be_; 113: +_{b}one and {b}lod_; 21: _{k}yng and {k}nyght_; 83: _And ryche +{c}astelles in that {c}ontre_; 251: _In lond with a {f}yndes {f}ere_; +102: _That {f}yndes {f}are for aye_; 1094: _Both at {k}nyght and +{k}nave_; 584: _Bothe in~ {f}rethe and in {f}eld_; 660: _Stomlyng +thurrow {f}rythe and {f}en~_; 1378: _Both be {h}old and be {h}yAEsAEs_; +2398: _{l}ym~ and {l}ith_; 750: _{L}ytyAEsAEs and {m}ykyAEsAEs, {l}ese and +{m}ore_; 1899: _That was {l}ord of aAEsAEs that {l}ond_; 2152: _Loo, +{l}ordys of euery {l}ond_; 2375: _With aAEsAEs {m}aner of {m}ynstralsye_; +149: _He reynyd hys {st}ed vnto a {st}ake_; 1065: _{W}aytes on the +{w}aAEsAEs gan blowe_; 13: _{w}ater and {w}ynde_. + +_b._ In the same way abstract ideas are connected, so far as they belong +to the same sphere of life. 460: _That {d}ethe ys {d}ynt schalt A3/4ou not +thole_; 1600: _Of {d}eth yaue he no {d}out_; 782 = 2062: _{f}eyer and +{f}re_; 2153: _{F}alshode wyAEsAEs haue a {f}oule end_; 1988: _{H}elpe and +{h}old I shaAEsAEs hym yeve_; 1492: _They {s}at and {s}ong_; 683: _Cryst hym +{s}aue and {s}ee_; 1303: _That he was {s}ad and {s}ore_; 1612: _set +{s}adly and {s}ore_; 335: _God that {s}ofryd wonddes {s}ore_; 322: +_{st}yff and {st}rong_ = 1491 = 2590; 1205: _That {w}ekyd was and +{w}ight_; 1584: _{w}ekyd and {w}ight_; 1849: _Her one child {w}oke and +be-gan to {w}epe_; 1559: _And {w}ot ye {w}eAEsAEs and not {w}ene_; 246: +_Sche {w}eppte_, _as sche were {w}od_. + +C. The grammatical relations in which the alliterative words stand to +each other. + +_a._ Subst. and adj. in attributive or predicative combinations. _As +{b}old as eny {b}ore_; _With {br}owes {br}od and wyde_; 142: _hys +{b}ugeAEsAEs {b}old_; 307: _In a {d}ongon~ that ys {d}ym_; 82: _My {f}ayer~ +{f}orestes {f}ellythe downe he_; 209: _The {f}eyer~ {f}yld_; 426: +_{gl}emyrryng ase the {gl}ase_; 1592: _{g}ood {g}ate_; 171 = 596: _the +{h}oltes {h}ore_; 1484: _To an {h}ye {h}yAEsAEs_; 1183: _{s}ydes {s}are_; +154: _Thowe the {w}ey nevyr so {w}ykkyd were_; 2054: _{w}ekyd {w}eders_; +506: _In the {w}yld-some {w}ay_; 535: _{W}yldsom {w}eyes haue I {w}ent_; +2030: _She {w}ent on that {w}ilsom~ {w}ay_. + +_b._ Verbs or adjectives combined with the adverb or substantive which +contains their secondary adverbial meaning. 1478: _To {b}e here at his +{b}ane_, cf. 1678: _That there his {b}ane hath {b}e_; 1944: _To her +{b}irdus was she {b}oun~_; 2016: _With {b}lis on euery {b}owEe_; 135: +_That {b}owght hym with hys {b}lod_; 1045: _Thurrow the {b}ody he gan +hym {b}ere_; 1404: _To the {b}ote they {b}are_; 334: _Thus he {c}ovyrd +owt of {c}are_; 27: _That {d}owghtty ys in {d}edde_, cf. 1725; 98: +_With-owt {f}ere that he schold {f}are_; 603 = 977: _Also {f}ast ase he +myght {f}are_; 536: _With {f}yndes for to {f}yght_; 802: _To {f}yght +with that {f}yndes {f}ere_; 1262: _That was {gr}ow both {gr}ene and +{g}ay_; 1060 = 2330: _Torent be the {h}ond he {h}ent_; 270: _That +{m}eche ys of {m}yght_; 713: _That {m}eche wase of {m}yght_; 24: _For +God ys {m}ost of {m}yght_, cf. 1112: _To a {m}an off {m}yght_; 1879: _Vp +she {r}ose ageyn~ the {r}ough_; 2100: _Go {s}ech her in~ the {s}ee_; +2129: _And {s}ett hym~ oute in to the {s}ee_; 2469: _That {s}emely to +{s}e were_; 126: _And {s}ymly was to {s}ene_; 415: _That dare I +{s}othely {s}ey_; 1170: _Torrent {s}ett on hym~ so {s}ore_; 139: +_Serttes, yf I hym {sl}epyng {sl}one_; 181: _Torrent vndyr hys {sp}ryt +he {sp}rent_; 179: _But {st}ond {st}yAEsAEs_; 2410: _He is so {st}iff at +euery {st}oure_; 987: _Torrent in~ the {st}orrope {st}od_; 1912: _For no +{st}roke wold she {st}ynt_; 2060: _By a {t}okyn~ I shaAEsAEs the {t}eAEsAEs_; +2397: _Or {w}alkyd in {w}ede_; 383: _In hys {w}alke ther ase he {w}ent_; +725: _And {w}ent forthe on hys {w}ey_; 107: _And on hys {w}ey gan he +{w}ynd_; 2030: _She {w}ent on that {w}ilsom~ {w}ay_; 989: _ale {w}yld at +{w}yle_; 2088: _In no {w}ise he {w}old_; 1206: _To {w}ed her to my +{w}yffe_; 749: _That {w}yt ys vndyr {w}ede_; 1315: _AAEsAEs men {w}onderid +on that {w}ight_; 33: _{w}orthyest in {w}ede_. + +_c._ Substantives and verbs are combined in the relation of subject and +predicate. 2221: _Down {kn}elid that {kn}yght_; 854: _Whether the {f}ynd +can {f}yght_; 2390: _There that his {l}ady {l}ent_; 2064: _My {l}ove was +on the {l}ent_; 1219: _Gret {l}ordys to churche her {l}ed_; 170: _The +fyndes {sp}ere {sp}arrythe hyme nothyng_; 84: _No {st}on lettythe he +{st}ond_. + +_d._ Verbs and substantives are combined as predicate and object. 2490: +_his {b}ak to {b}end_; 2532: _That {c}outh moche {c}urtesye_; 273: _Thy +{d}ethe than wyAEsAEs he {d}yght_, cf. 1043: _Hys {d}ethe to hyme ys +{d}yght_; 1648: _Thy {d}eth now is {d}ight_; 2123: _What {d}eth they +wold hym {d}o_; 161: _My lordes {f}rethe thus to {f}eAEsAEs_; 2235: _{F}ound +hym his {fi}AEsAEs off {ffy}ght_; 1743: _The {ff}orward ye to +{f}ulleffylle_; 651: _He {g}athyred svm of hys {g}ere_; 210: _Vpp both +his {h}andes he {h}eld_; 1799: _For Iesu is love, that {h}arood {h}eAEsAEs_; +1820: _Whan they {l}ed that {l}ady ffre_; 2080: _{L}eve we now that +{l}ady gent_; 1663: _Ech on other {l}aid good {l}ode_; 1495: _To god +that {m}ade {m}an_; 435: _AA gret {m}aynerey let he {m}ake ryght_; 264: +_To hym sche {m}ad here {m}one_; 645: _He {r}awght Torrent soche a +{r}owght_; 1172: _And aAEsAEs to {sh}everd his {sh}eld_; 502: _Tho he be +{st}rod anoble {st}ede_; 2482: _Torent be {str}ode a stede {str}ong_; +281: _IA schaAEsAEs the {t}eAEsAEs soche a {t}okyn~_; 2013: _Ne {w}anted she no +{w}oo_; 115: _He that schaAEsAEs {w}end soche a {w}ey_; 439: _Hom-ward to +{w}end ther {w}ey_; 2448: _And than~ to {w}end her {w}ay_; 2457: _And to +her logyng {w}ent her {w}ay_; 1544: _Other {w}ayes yf I {w}end_; 207: +_That hathe thys {w}orld to {w}yld_. + + +ASec. 3. THE DIALECT. + +The stanza of twelve lines was probably first employed in the north of +England; at least it would be difficult to prove the existence of a poem +composed in this metre in the southern part of the country; therefore it +is beforehand probable that the romance of _Torrent_ was composed either +in some part of the Midlands or in the North. In order to determine the +dialect more precisely, we restrict ourselves to a careful consideration +of the rhymes. + +1. SHORT VOWELS. + +Old English _Aef_ is (1) preserved before _n_ and _m_: 744 and 788 _Iame +-- +name+_. 927 _Adryan -- +jentylmane+_. 13 _+londe+ -- +wonande+_. 352 +_+stond+ -- +lygand+_. 1128 _+stond+ -- +shynand+_. No part. pres. +on-_ond_ rhyming with an unvariable _-ond_ has been traced out until +now, but 1824 _+wepand+ -- wonde_ (ags. _wunden_) seems to be the first. +2. Changed into _o_. 516 _rome -- +frome+_ ags. _rA"m -- fram_. 2446 +_+mon~+ -- done_. 1190 _none -- shone -- +anon+ -- done_. 1257 +_+ouercom+ -- Aragon~_. 1989 _son -- +can+_ (=A _+con+_). 2040 _+anon~+ +-- bone_. A curious exception is 1929 _+grame+ (=A greme) -- teme -- +Ierusalem_; cf. _Gaw._ l. 312. + +O.E. _e_, the _i_-umlaut of _a_, is preserved: 373 _end -- +wend+_. 476 +_+went+ -- jent_. 924 _teAEsAEs -- +hell+_. 1702 _+hell+ -- DesoneAEsAEse_. 1798 +_feAEsAEs -- +heAEsAEs+_. The past partic. of _seA cubedn_, _segen_, has been +contracted into _sen_. 1562 _+sene+ -- wene_. + +O.E. _A|_ has become _a_: 45 _+spake+ -- take_. 363 _ffare -- +bare+_. +726 and 876 _+sale+ -- PortynggaAEsAEse_. 1074 _passe -- +was+_. 1131 +_+sale+ -- tale_. 1233 _+thare+ -- fare_. 1236 _+was+ -- Sathanas_. 1399 +_care -- +thare+_. 2287 _+was+ -- alas_. + +_A|_ has become _e_: 2026 _wildernes -- +was+_. 764 _derre -- clere -- ++ware+_ (ags. _wA|r_). 1951 _+there+ -- bere_. 328 _+glad+_ (=A _gled_) -- +_redd_. + +_A|_ has become _ay_ by the vocalization of the following _g_: 25 +_+fayne+ -- Torrayne_. 1025 _+may+ -- +day+_, _+wey+ -- +laye+_. 1071 +_+say+ -- +day+_. 2029 _+day+ -- +way+_. + +O.E. _ea_ becomes _o_ before _ld_: 303 _+hold+ -- +bold+_, _fold_ (ags. +_folde_) -- _+cold+_. 422 _gold -- mold, +hold+ -- +told+_. + +_ea_ has become _a_: 399 _PortyngaAEsAEs -- +bale+_ (ags. _bealu_). 531 +_+care+ -- far~_ (ags. _cearu_). 1891 _ffare -- +care+_. + +_ea_ has become _e_: 1166 _beheld -- feld -- sheld -- +weld+_ (ags. +_wealdan_). 2359 _preste -- +breste+_ (ags. _bearst_). + +O.E. _eo_ has turned into _e_: 1166 _+beheld+ -- ffeld -- sheld -- +weld_. + +O.E. _Ae-_ is preserved as _i_ and _y_: 51 _+knyght+ -- +nyght+_. 307 +_+dym+ -- +hym+_. 1783 _+myld+ -- +child+_. Only once this vowel has +changed into _e_: 714 _+wret+ -- get_. _i_ rhymes with _e_: 3 _wynde -- +ende -- lende -- ffynde_. + +O.E. _A_ is unaltered: 422 _+gold+ -- +mold+_. 1122 _+gold+ -- +mold+_. + +O.E. _A-_ has become _o_: 367 _+dore+_ (ags. _duru_) -- _befor~_. 765 +_Aragon~ -- +son~+_. 1257 _+ouer com+ -- Aragon~_. 1762 _+com~+ -- +kyngdome_. 1801 _done -- +sonne+_ (ags. _sunu_). 2320 _+sonne+ -- +dungeon_. + +O.E. _yI_, the _i_-umlaut of _A-_, has the value of _i_, written _i_ or +_y_: 390 _+kysse+ -- iwysse_. 1564 _tiAEsAEs -- +fullefyAEsAEs+_, _yAEsAEs -- wyAEsAEs_. +1740 _evyAEsAEs -- +fulle fylle+_. Only once it rhymes with _e_: 1484 +_+hyAEsAEs+_ (=A _+heAEsAEs+_) -- _yeAEsAEs -- befeAEsAEs -- weAEsAEs_, never with _u_. + + +2. LONG VOWELS. + +O.E. _Ac_ is preserved in the following rhymes:[2] _a._ 39 _take -- ++stroke+_ (=A _strake_, ags. _strAcc_), _spake -- take_. 97 _+sore+ -- +fare_. 103 _+goos+ -- +takythe+_ (=A _gas -- tas_). 280 _wakyn~ -- ++tokyn+~_ (ags. _tAccen_). 334 _care -- +sore+_. 590 _fare -- wher_, +_+hore+ -- care_. 705 _fare -- +gere+_ (ags. _gAcr_). 788 _Iame -- name_, +_+bone+ -- schame_. 834 _+ga+ -- ma_. 977 _fare -- bare_, _+sare+ -- +chaffare_. 1143 _glade -- +rade+_. 1238 _Cate -- gate_, _bad -- +wott+_ +(ags. _wAct_). 1251 _+brod+ -- made_; cf. 1303, 1306, 1501, 1526, 1604, +1612, 1663, 1669, 1825, 1911, 2178, 2356, 2617. + + [Footnote 2: The rhymes with _tane_ and with _John_ are not + quoted, as these words occur also as _tone_ and _Johan_; they are, + therefore, of no use in fixing the sound of the _Ac_.] + +_b._ O.E. _Ac_ has changed into _o_: 16 _sone_ (ags. _sunu_) -- _+gon+_. +141 _rode -- +rode+_ (ags. _rA'd -- rAcd_). 195 _+bon+_ (ags. _bAcn_) -- +_Rome_. 238 _+wote+_ (ags. _wAct_) -- _fote_. 654 _browE -- +goo+_. 1062 +_+tho+ -- do_. Cf. 1196, 1226, 1295, 1381, 1809, 1812, 1815, 2013, 2025, +2028, 2037, 2046, 2295, 2298, 2301, 2542. The result is, that in 26 +cases old _Ac_ is preserved, in 22 cases changed into _A'_. + +O.E. _A|I,_ is turned into (1) _a_: 154 _+were+ -- fare_. 603 _fare -- ++were+_. 1020 _+were+ -- fare_. 2074 _care -- +ware+_. + +Into (2) _e_. 379 _+dede+_ (ags. _dA|I,d_) -- _hed_. 1047 _+were+ -- +chere_. 1053 _sped -- +lede+_ (ags. _lA|I,dan_). 1263 _stede -- +wede+_ +(ags. _wA|I,d_). + +Into (3) _o_. 1113 _+mone+_ (ags. _mA|I,nan_) -- _Aragon_. 1384 _beffore +-- there -- +were+_. + +O.E. _A'_ is preserved throughout: 73 _+wode+ -- +good+_. 112 _+rode+ -- ++blod+_. 118 _Rome -- +kyrstendome+_. 313 _+done+ -- +sone+_. + +Before _g_ the vowel _u_ resp. _w_ is inserted: 145 _+browght+ -- +nowght_. 279 _+browght+ -- +thowght+_. 2053 _+sought+ -- +brought+_. + +O.E. _A_ is preserved: 123 _+kene+ -- sene_. 743 _dede -- +sped+, wede_. +1849 _+wepe+ -- slepe_. 2055 _grene -- +kene+_. 2458 _be dene -- ++wene+_. + +O.E. _A(R)_ is preserved as _y_: 196 _+tyd+ -- +syd+_. 325 _+fyve+ -- ++lyve+_. 777 _+wyse+ -- deuyce_. 900 _+ryde+ -- +syde+_. + +O.E. _A"_ is written _ou_ resp. _ow_ in the French way: 921 _renowne -- ++towyn~+_. 978 _+downe+ -- renowne_. 1425 _+nowe+ -- rowe_. 2634 +_+mouth+ -- +couth+_. It has become _o_: 516 _+rome+ -- frome_ (ags. +_rA"m -- from_). Cf. 2641 _renown -- +son+_. + +O.E. _eAi_ has become _e_: 1929 _grame -- +streme+, Jerusalem_. 2554 +_Jerusalem~ -- +streme+_ (ags. _streAim_). + +O.E. _eA cubed_ has changed into _e_: 153 _+be+ -- hee_: 782 _+fre+ -- he_. +888 _+tre+ -- crystyantA(C)_. 1643 _+be+ -- charitA(C)_. 1861 _+ffree+ -- +citA(C)_. + +O.E. _A._ remains _y_: 1361 _pride -- +bedsyde+_. 1433 _pryde -- +ryde+_. +1473 _+wyde+ -- pride_. _A._ or _A_, the _i_-umlaut of _eAi_ or _e_, is +found as _e_: 63 _were -- +here+_ (ags. _hA.ran_). 235 _+here+ -- were_. +327 _sted -- yed, +nede+ -- sped_. 408 _yede -- +ned+_. 1552 _stede -- ++nede+, indede_. + + +3. THE INFLEXIONS. + +The plural of the substantives terminates in (1) _s_ resp. _ys_: 837 +_+ryghtys+ -- knyghtes_. 1298 _+stonys+ -- nonys_. + +(2) in _n_: 458 _+slon+ -- appon_. 1116 _done -- +shone+_. 1193 _+shone+ +-- anon, done_. + +(3) is formed by _i_-umlaut: _+men+_ 1784, 2282, but 2197 _wan -- +men+_ +(=A _man_). + +(4) has no inflexion: 651 _+gere+ -- +spere+_. 705 _far -- +gere+_. 836 +_hend -- +frende+_, _sende_. 1173 _ffere -- +yere+_. 1405 _hend -- ++frend+_. 1556 _+stone+ -- gone_. 2188 _were -- +yere+_. 2194 _here -- ++yere+_. The inflexions of the adjectives have totally disappeared. + +The _infinitive_ ends in _-ne_ or _n_, or has no termination at all. +(1)A with _n_: 123 _kene -- see_ (=A _+sene+_). 217 _ageyne -- +sayne+_. +262 _fayne -- +slayne+_. 489 _Mavdeleyn -- +seyne+_; 16 _sone -- +gon+_. + +(2) without _n_: 67 _sake -- +take+_. 93 _kynd -- +fynd+_. 148 _+wake+ +-- stake_. 184 _so -- +goo+_. 434 _Adolake -- +take+_. 1062 _tho -- ++do+_. 1762 _me -- +se+_. + +The 2nd person sing. of the pres. ind. occurs only once in the rhyme, +1333 _tase -- +thou hase+, tas -- gas_. + +The 3rd person sing. of the present indicative ends in _s_: 187 +_+tellys+ -- ellys_. 2317 _rose -- +gose+_. 558 _+tellythe+ -- elles_ +(The rhyme shows that _+tellys+_ must be inserted; cf. 103 _gos -- +takythe_, and 858 _gothe -- toke_ = _+gas+ -- +tas+_.) Only once _th_ +occurs: 2047 _Nazareth -- +gethe+_ (ags. _gA|A deg._). On this remarkable form +see Zupitza, _Guy of Warwick_, note on l. 11075. The plural has no +termination: 3A _+wynde+ -- ende -- lende_. + +The _subjunctive_ mood has no inflexions: 70 _+sped+ -- stede_, 3rd +pers. 87 _+blynd+ -- wynde_, 3rd pers. 213 _fyld -- +schyld+_, 3rd pers. +416 _sey -- +may+_, 2nd pers. sg. 584 _feld -- +schyld+_, 3rd pers. sg. +1978 _+saue+ -- haue_; but observe 139 _+slone+ -- none_ and 1839 +_+sene+ -- grene_. + +The _present participle_ ends usually in _-ande_ (_onde_): 13 _londe -- ++wonande+_. 127 _fonde -- +growonde+_. 315 _+levand+ -- bond_. 352 +_stand -- +lygand+_. 358 _vndyrstond -- +levand+_. 1128 _stond -- ++shynand+_. 1280 _+fayland+ -- lond_. 1445 _+fleand+ -- waraunt_. 1452 +_ffand -- +goand+_. 1821 _lond -- +wepand+_. 1899 _lond -- +pleyand+_. +2104 _hond -- +levand+_. Thrice _-yng_ is found: 268 _kyng -- ++dwellyng+_, 1638 and 2568. + +The _gerund_ terminates always in _ing_ (_yng_): 1479 _kyng -- ++ryding+_. 1503 _+comyng+ -- kyng_. 1933 _ryng -- +lettyng+_. 2509 _kyng +-- +lesyng+_. + +Observe the 2nd pers. sing. of a past tense, 1589 _+thou cam~+ -- +slan~_, of a praeterito-praesens, 410 _they -- sey, +thow may+_. 1543 +_away -- aye, +may+_. 2001 _+may+ -- welaway_. + +The _past participle_ of strong verbs terminates in _n_: 482 _+syne+ -- +schene, wene -- clene_. 675 _+slayne+ -- rayne_. 800 _+slayne+ -- +trayne_. 1292 _fayn~ -- +slayn~+_. 1562 _+sene+ -- wene_. 2323 _alone -- ++slone+_. We donaEuro(TM)t find one certain instance for the dropping of this +_n_, besides 1678 and 2063 _be_. + +The _past tense plural_ of strong verbs has the same vowel as the +singular: 1452 They _+ffound+_ (r.A _ffand_) -- _goand_. 1458 _+began+ -- +gentilman_. 1753 _tong -- +dong+_. + +The 3rd pers. of the present indic. of _to be_ = _ys_ or _es_: cf. 738 +_blyse -- +ys+_. 2413 _+ys+ -- Raynes_. Once _+ys+_ is found as plural: +2524 _+ys+ -- iwys_. The _present subjunctive_ is _be_ through all +persons: 208 _+be+ -- me_, 2nd pers. 614 _+be+ -- se_, 3rd pers. 884 +_the -- +bee+_, 3rd pers. 2017 _+be+ -- me_, 2nd pers. plr. The +infinitive _+be+_ and _bene_: 49 _the -- +bee+_. 483 _+be+ -- see_. 1643 +_+be+ -- charite_. 903 _the -- +bee+_. 1833 _clene -- +bene+_. 2161 +_quene -- +bene+_. 2613 _+bene+ -- kene_. The _past tense singular +number_ is _was_ or _wes_: 247 _alas -- +wase+_. 426 _glase -- +was+_. +771 _pase -- +wase+_. 1873 _wyldernes -- +was+_ (=A _wes_). The plural +_were_, _ware_, _wore_, as well as _was_, _wes_: (1) l. 402 _+wer~+ -- +cher_. 1047 _+were+ -- chere_. 1845 _+were+ -- ffere_. 2586 _squiere -- ++were+, here -- clere_. (2) 603 _fare -- +were+_. 2494 _+ware+ -- bare_. +1384 _beffore -- there, +were+_ (=A _wore_). (3) 384 _pase -- +wase+_. +1388 _passe -- +was+_. (4) 2026 _wildernes -- +was+_ (=A _wes_). 2545 +_wildernes -- +was+_; cf. l. 2584. The subjunctive mood of the past +tense is _were_ and _ware_, in sgl. and plr.: 225 _+were+ -- clere_. 235 +_here -- +were+_. 1696 _chere -- +were+_. 2476 _+were+ -- bere_. 154 +_+were+_ (=A _ware_) -- _fare_. 1020 _+wer+_ (=A _ware_) -- _fare_. 2074 +_care -- +ware+_. The past participle: 7A _bedene -- +ben+_. 172 _+byne+ +-- seyn_. 2344 _+ibene+ -- kene_. 1678 _+be+ -- crystiaunte_. + +From this inquiry into the sounds and inflexions, the following +conclusions can be drawn: + +The development of _Aef_ is of no use in fixing the dialect. Nor is _ea_, +which has become _a_, _o_, and _e_, to be deemed a characteristic either +of the Midland or Northern dialect. Ags. _ea_ occurs as _o_ as early as +1250 in the _Northumbrian Psalter_, and 50 years afterwards in _Sir +Tristrem_ and _Sir Perceval_; even Richard Rolle in his _Pricke of +Conscience_ offers one instance of this change (cf. _Sir Tristrem_, +p. lxixA f.). + +The development of the ags. _Ac_, which we find in 26 passages as _a_, in +22 as _o_, is remarkable. There are only a very few instances of this +change in _Sir Tristrem_, p. lxxi, and in the _Psalter_; and this almost +equal number of _a_- and _o_-rhymes proves evidently that the poem +cannot belong to a Northern country. At the same time, aA proportion like +that would be impossible in a text of Southern origin. The same negative +result is to be derived from the fact that Ags. _y_ is always +writtenA _y_. + +As to the inflexions, the plurals of the substantives are formed by +adding _-s_ or _-n_ (_en_), or by vowel change, or they have no +inflexions at all. As for the inflexion _-n_, it only occurs in _slon_ +and _shon_, and of this very word the plural in _n_ is to be met with +even in Northern writers. + +The infinitives both preserve or drop the final _n_, as is the rule with +the Midland dialect; the form of the past participle with _n_ accords +with the use of the Northern writers. + +The present partic. ending in _-and_ and the past tense plurals of +strong verbs having adopted the vowel of the singular, agree with the +North as well as with the northern districts of the Midland, in the same +way as some forms of _to be_: plr. prs. _ys_ and plr. prt. _was_, +besides the usual forms _be_ and _are_, resp. _were_ and _ware_, and the +contracted forms of _take_: 758 _name -- +tane+_. 1095 _gane -- ++itane+_. 1825 _+ta+ -- twa_ (cf. 231, 286, 859, 1333, 1475, 1722, 1733, +2617). + +The forms _thou has_ and _thou may_ point to the West. + +The inflexions of the 3rd pers. prs. sg. are _-th_ and _-s_. In the +western part of the Midland we never meet with the ending _th_, but only +with _s_. In _Amis and Amiloun_, the Eastern origin of which seems to be +sure, only the inflexion _-eA3/4_ is found in the rhyme (_Amis_, +p.A xxxA ff.). + +The romance of _Sir Torrent_ seems to be the first document hitherto +considered where both these forms occur, one by the side of the other. +Perhaps this fact justifies us in concluding that this poem was composed +in the east, but on the borders of the west, Midland. + + +ASec. 4. THE CONTENTS OF THE ROMANCE. + +Before entering on an inquiry into the sources of the romance, it may be +expedient to give a short account of its contents. + + In Portugal once reigned a mighty king, whose name was Calamond. + He had an only daughter, the fair and gentle Desonelle, who was + loved by a young knight called Torrent, son of a Portuguese count. + As he could not win her, save by distinguishing himself by valiant + exploits, he undertook several adventurous expeditions. First he + set out, by the order of the king, against a mischievous and + dangerous giant, whom he found lying fast asleep on a hill. He + roused the giant by sounding his bugle, and challenged him to + fight. Instantly a fierce combat ensued, in which the awkward + giant lost his life. In the giantaEuro(TM)s castle the young hero + delivered a maiden, Eleonore, daughter of the king of Gales, from + captivity, and rescued at the same time four princes, whom the + giant had taken some time before and imprisoned in an iron cage. + + After a short rest Torrent returned into Portugal. He was kindly + received by King Calamond, and splendid festivities were + celebrated in his honour. The kings of Gales and of Provence + showed their gratitude by bestowing on him rich presents, among + them a precious sword wrought by Wayland Smith. Desonelle gave him + one of her fine palfreys. Calamond, however, shrewd as he was, and + envious of the heroaEuro(TM)s fame, plotted his ruin. He caused him, by a + counterfeit letter of Desonelle, to catch her a falcon in the + forest of Maudlen, which was the haunt of a dangerous giant, + Rochense, and of many wild beasts. Torrent and his squire set out + immediately, but separated on entering the forest, to hunt in the + thicket each by himself. Torrent soon encountered a huge dragon, + and killed it by vehement strokes. The squire, having meanwhile + fallen in with the giant, had been slain by him. The hero, called + to the place by the tumult of battle, attacked the giant, and + overcame him after a hard struggle. He cut off his head to bear + with him as a trophy. He then went into the giantaEuro(TM)s castle, where + he found a great many jewels, and a bright sword called + Mownpolyard. Having returned to the royal court, he ordered five + priests to say masses for his squireaEuro(TM)s soul. At this very time it + happened that the king of Arragon sent messengers to the king of + Portugal, in order to bring about a marriage between Desonelle and + his youngest son. Calamond would not listen to the advice of his + spouse, that he should no longer refuse Desonelle to Torrent, but + he promised her to the prince of Arragon, and at the same time + sent the hero once more against a giant, Slogus of Foulles in + Calabre. + + Torrent departed well armed, and after a prosperous voyage arrived + in Calabre. There he soon met the giant, who was one-eyed like the + Cyclops, and bore a huge cudgel as his only weapon. Torrent threw + his spear into the fiendaEuro(TM)s eye, and thus overcame him without any + long struggle. The king of Calabre graciously welcomed the hero, + and largely rewarded him for the service he had rendered his + country. Having returned into Portugal, Torrent heard that in a + few weeks Desonelle was to be married to the prince of Arragon. + Arrayed in knightly dress, he rode right off to CalamondaEuro(TM)s court, + and challenged his rival to fight. After a short struggle he + completely vanquished his antagonist, stretching him on the + ground. The next day, as the king, surrounded by his noble guests, + banqueted in the great hall of the castle, Torrent entered with + the giantaEuro(TM)s head in his hand, and harshly demanded the kingaEuro(TM)s + daughter; he called all the lords to witness of CalamondaEuro(TM)s + perfidy. + + The Emperor of Rome now interceded, and it was agreed at his + suggestion that Torrent should fight once more against a giant + named Cate; if he vanquished that adversary, he should obtain + Desonelle and half Arragon. On an isle near the sea-shore the + struggle began in presence of the assembled knights. Torrent + struck the club out of the giantaEuro(TM)s hand, put him to flight, and + killed him as he ran away, casting stones at him. Then the Emperor + decided, with the approbation of all his knights, that the hero + had won both the land and the maiden. + + Torrent obtained Desonelle, and rejoiced in the possession of her, + but no solemn marriage was performed. + + Twelve weeks after, he left his spouse, impelled by his venturous + and ambitious mind; for the king of Norway asked him to fight + against a wild giant who had carried off his daughter and was + destroying his castles. Torrent bade his mistress farewell, + leaving her two golden rings as talismans, and set off with fifty + companions. Arrived at the coast of Norway, he and his companions + entered a dense forest, in which a great many wild beasts lived. + His companions, seized with fear, parted from him, and continued + their voyage at sea. They told the king of Norway the false tale + that Torrent had perished on shore. The king then set out himself + to rescue his daughter. Torrent meanwhile encountered a giant + named Weraunt, CateaEuro(TM)s brother, and slew him in a hard struggle, + but was himself wounded. In the giantaEuro(TM)s castle he saved Gendres, + daughter of the Norwegian king, and conducted her to her father. + On the road they were met by a large train of gallant knights, and + were then convoyed in triumph to the kingaEuro(TM)s court. There Torrent + soon recovered from his wounds, and was amply rewarded with + honours and presents. He stayed above twelve months at the + Norwegian court. The false companions of Torrent were drowned in + the sea by the kingaEuro(TM)s command, but one squire escaped to Portugal, + and reported the tidings that Torrent yet remained in Norway. Soon + after, as Desonelle was delivered of twins, the hatred of Calamond + suddenly broke out against her. By his order, Desonelle and her + two children were put to sea in a small boat; but a favourable + wind saved them from ruin, and drove the boat upon the coast of + Palestine. As she, helpless, wandered about the downs, aA huge + dragon (griffin or gripe) appeared, and seized one of her + children, and immediately after a wild leopard dragged away the + other. With submission she suffered her miserable fate, relying on + the help of the Holy Virgin. + + The king of Jerusalem, just returning from a voyage, happened to + find the leopard with the child, which he ordered to be saved and + delivered to him. Seeing from the foundlingaEuro(TM)s golden ring that the + child was of noble descent, and pitying its helpless state, he + took it into his palace, and brought him up as his own son (as it + were) at his court. The child was named Leobertus. + + The dragon or gripe with the other child was seen by a pious + hermit, St. Antony, who, though son of the king of Greece, had in + his youth forsaken the world. Through his prayer St. Mary made the + dragon put down the infant; Antony carried him to his father, who + adopted him and ordered him to be baptized. He was named Antony + fice Greffoun (Antony, son of the griffin or gripe). + + Desonelle wandered up and down, after the loss of her children, + till she happened to meet the king of Nazareth hunting. He, + recognizing her as the king of PortugalaEuro(TM)s daughter, gave her a + kind welcome and assistance. At his court she lived several years + in happy retirement. Torrent returned at length into Portugal, + notwithstanding all the entreaties of the Norwegian king that he + would dwell in Norway somewhat longer. At his arrival, King + Calamond took refuge in his stronghold, and greeted him from + thence with scornful words. Torrent, after having summoned his + friends from Arragon, Provence, and Calabre, conquered the castle, + and took Calamond prisoner. The traitor was sent out to sea in a + leaky boat, and perished. + + In his stead, Torrent was elected king by all the noblemen of the + empire, and took the crown. But forty days after this, he quitted + his realm, having intrusted two knights with its government, and + passed to the Holy Land at the head of a large force. There he + fought fifteen years against the infidels, conquered several + towns, and got immeasurable treasures as booty. The king of + Jerusalem, hearing about TorrentaEuro(TM)s deeds, and anxious for his own + security, sent his son Leobertus, with an army of 50,000 men, + against Torrent. AA pitched battle began, but it was for a long + time doubtful to which side victory would incline, till at last + the two chiefs encountered. The son vanquishing his father decided + the fate of the battle. Torrent was conveyed as a prisoner to + Jerusalem, and thrown into a dungeon. There he lay above a year, + till he was once overheard complaining his misfortunes by his son, + who, touched with pity, prevailed upon the king to set Torrent at + liberty. In this new state Torrent soon found an opportunity to + show his valour and skill in arms, when a grand tournament was + held at Jerusalem. There he proved sole victor over all the + knights, and got the chief prize. The king of Nazareth, who had + assisted at this joust, telling his folk at home who had won the + prize, described the arms and escutcheon of the valiant knight. By + these Desonelle recognized her beloved spouse. At her request the + king called princes and knights from all parts of the world to a + great tournament. The kings of Jerusalem, Greece, Leobertus, + Antony fice Greffoun, and Torrent answered the call. Before an + illustrious assembly of mighty princes and noble ladies, all of + whom were surpassed by Desonelle in beauty and grace, the + tournament began. Leobertus and Antony excelled in it, but the + chief was Torrent, who performed wonders in the joust, vanquishing + all valiant adversaries. The next morning Desonelle could no + longer brook reserve, and was about to discover herself to + Torrent; but overwhelmed with joy she fainted, when she had + scarcely uttered the first words of greeting. It was not till + midday that she was able to tell Torrent and the other knights her + fates and those of her children. Then parents and children + passionately embraced on recognizing each other. At TorrentaEuro(TM)s + request, all of them, with the kings of Nazareth, Jerusalem, and + Greece, and many attendants, sailed for Portugal. There the + nuptials of Torrent with Desonelle were celebrated with a great + round of splendid festivities. Torrent was finally elected Emperor + of Rome, and reigned a long time gloriously. He lies there buried + in a fair abbey. + + A benediction finishes the romance. + +If we take a survey of the poem, we shall recognize in its conception a +harmonious plan and a certain unity of action, which, as in most of the +romances, is founded on the hero and the interest he affects us with +(See Ten Brink, _Engl. Literat._, I. p.A 317). In the centre of the +action is placed TorrentaEuro(TM)s love of Desonelle; for all the various +combats that he undertakes against dragons and giants, against the +prince of Arragon and King Calamond, are undertaken solely to gain him +Desonelle. Even his expedition against the infidels and the fighting +with his son are designed by Providence to make him find again his lost +love. Halliwell (Preface, p.A vii), therefore, is not right in deeming +the romance aEuro~aA rambling poem of adventures without much plot.aEuro(TM) The +length and tediousness of the episodes may have prevented him from +recognizing the unity of the whole. At the same time, however, it must +be admitted that the poem cannot rank with the masterpieces of romantic +poetry written in the same metre, like _Amis and Amiloun_, _Ipomadon_, +_Kyng of Tars_, _Octavian_, either in the invention of plot or in the +dissection of passions. The diction is so swelled with stereotyped +phrases, and so surfeited with trivialities, that we may justly suppose +the poem to have been composed at a period when romantic poetry had +passed its best time, and had begun to decay. As to the authorship of +the poem, it was probably composed by a monk. It is an easy thing to +show peculiarities in the course of the story which are essentially +monkish. As the romance begins and ends with a benediction, in the same +way each deed and each adventure of the hero is introduced and finished +by long prayers. Moreover, the poet points frequently to a direct +interposition of Heaven (ll. 675, 1568, 1948); he describes the anguish +and sorrow that Desonelle feels about her childrenaEuro(TM)s baptism (ll. +1892-1896 and 2074-76); he mentions emphatically Communion and +Confession (1272 and 2139), Masses (756 and 813); he finally praises the +Emperor for founding churches and abbeys (l.A 2658). On the other side, +we find very few of those marks which characterize the works of +minstrels: the poet seldom predicts the fates of his heroes to excite +the attention of his auditors; he mentions only by the way the +performances of the gleemen, and nowhere speaks of the rewards that they +get. + +Passing to a special inquiry into the origin of the story of Torrent, +IA cannot persuade myself that it is of the poetaEuro(TM)s own invention, as that +would be the only instance of a Middle-English romance not being taken +from foreign originals (except, of course, ChauceraEuro(TM)s _Sir Thopas_, which +was written to ridicule this whole branch of poetry), whilst slight +alterations or additions were frequently introduced by the translators. +AA French original of the romance is supposed by Halliwell to have +existed (Preface, vi). He says, aEuro~It is probably, like the second copy of +the romance of Horn, aA modernized version of an older English romance, +which was itself translated from the French. IA have not been able to +discover any traces of the French original, but there are some singular +allusions to its origin in the poem itself. IA allude to the frequent +references to the _Book of Rome_.[3] This term was applied to the French +language, in which most of the old romances were originally written.aEuro(TM) As +for me, IA donaEuro(TM)t think that we can much rely upon references of this +kind, because they are common to all of these Middle-English romances. +Of a somewhat greater weight is perhaps the fact that one or two of the +proper names are French; and even the oath, aEuro~par laEuro(TM)amour de dieu,aEuro(TM) is +worth mentioning. After all, there is no evident proof as to the French +origin. But there is no doubt that the story of Torrent in its principal +features--the adversities of a family separated by misfortunes, the +mother robbed of her children by wild beasts, at last united +again--proceeded from the old Eustache legend.[4-5] Therewith another +motive is combined, that of the woman innocently condemned, on which +motive a large stock of legends is founded; for instance, those of +Crescentia, Sibilla, Oliva, Genovefa, Griseldis and Octavian legends. +Upon this motive and its old origin from India, see Streve, aEuro~The +Octavian legend,aEuro(TM) _Erlangen Dissert._,A 84. + + [Footnote 3: On this term see _Octavian_, ed. Sarrazin, + p.A xxxviii.] + + [Footnote 4: See WartonaEuro(TM)s opinion upon the legendary origin of + many romances, _History of Engl. Poetry_, London, 1824, I. + p.A ccxliv: aEuro~Many romances were at first little more than legends + of devotion, containing the pilgrimage of an old warrior. At + length, as chivalry came into vogue, the youthful and active part + of the pilgrimaEuro(TM)s life was also written. The penitent changed into + the knight-errant.aEuro(TM) Sometimes, of course, the opposite change may + have taken place, as for instance is probably the case with the + story of the two faithful friends, Amis and Amiloun (cf. Koelbing, + _Amis_, p. lxxxi), and with the story of Robert the Devil (cf. + _Sir Gowther_, ed. Breul, p.A 74).] + + [Footnote 5: See the edition of _The worthie Hystorie of + Plasidas_, 1566, by H.A H. Gibbs, for the Roxburghe Club, 1873.] + +I will consider first the legend of Eustache in its original version. +According to the Greek Martyr Acts, which were probably composed in the +eighth century, this saint was before his baptism a captain of Trajan, +named Placidus. As he one day hunted in the forest, the Saviour appeared +to him between the antlers of a hart, and converted him. Placidus +changed his name into Eustache, when he was baptized with his wife and +sons. God announced to him by an angel his future martyrdom. Eustache +was afflicted by dreadful calamities, lost all his estate, and was +compelled to go abroad as a beggar with his wife and his children. As he +went on board a ship bound for Egypt, his wife was seized by the +shipmaster and carried off. Soon after, when Eustache was travelling +along the shore, his two children were borne away by a lion and a +leopard. Eustache then worked for a long time as a journeyman, till he +was discovered by the Emperor Trajan, who had sent out messengers for +him, and called him to his court. Reappointed captain, Eustache +undertook an expedition against the Dacians. During this war he found +his wife in a cottage as a gardener,--the shipmaster had fallen dead to +the ground as he ventured to touch her,--and in the same cottage he +found again his two sons as soldiers: herdsmen had rescued them from the +wild beasts, and brought them up. Glad was their meeting again! But as +they returned to Rome, they were all burnt in a glowing bull of brass by +the EmperoraEuro(TM)s order, because they refused to sacrifice to the heathen +gods. + +This legend, which reminds us at once of the story of Job, has been +incorporated in almost all mediA|val collections of legends, and upon it +are founded some mediA|val poems, which are enumerated by H. Knust in his +splendid work _Dos Obras DidAicticas y dos Leyendas_, Madrid, 1878; cf. +R. KAhler, _Zeitschrift fA1/4r rom. phil._ III, p.A 272 ff., Varnhagen, +_Anglia_, III, p.A 399 ff.; two latin versions are edited by the same, +_Zeitschrift fA1/4r deutsches Alterthum_ XXIV, p.A 241 ff., and XXV, +p.A 1A ff. + +English legends of Eustache are to be found + +(1) In AlfricaEuro(TM)s _Passiones Martyrum_; see Horstmann, _Altenglische +Legenden_, Second series, Heilbronn, 1881, p.A xli. + +(2) In the South-English collection, _l.c._ p. xlviii. + +(3) In the Northern collection, pp. lxi and lxiv. HerrigaEuro(TM)s _Archiv_ 57, +p.A 262A ff. + +(4) In the Scottish collection of legends, said to be BarbouraEuro(TM)s. Cf. +BarbouraEuro(TM)s _Legendensammlung_, ed. C. Horstmann, Heilbronn, 82, ii. +p.A 12. + +(5) In the old Engl. translation of the _Legenda aurea_, see Horstm., +_l.c._, p. cxxxv. CaxtonaEuro(TM)s edition of the legend, No. 196. + +(6) The complete text of the legend printed in HorstmannaEuro(TM)s +above-mentioned collection, _Altengl. Legendensamml._, p.A 211A ff. + +(7) _St. Eustas_, by I. Partridge, see GibbsaEuro(TM) above-mentioned edition, +and Horstm., _l.c._ p.A 472A ff. + +With this legend are connected, more or less, the following poems, which +it is necessary to speak of in turn: + +(1) The Pseudo-Chrestien epic poem, _Guillaume daEuro(TM)Engleterre_.[6] + + [Footnote 6: _Guill. daEuro(TM)Engleterre_, ed. Fr. Michel, _Chron. + Anglo-Norm._, III. 39-172. On the authorship of this poem see C. + Hofmann, _Sitzungsberichte der MA1/4nch. Akad._, 1870, II. p.A 51, and + P. Meyer, _Romania_, VIII. p.A 815A f.] + +(2) The two Middle High German poems, _Die gute Frau_,[7] and (3) _Der +Graf von Savoyen_.[8] + + [Footnote 7: _Die gute Frau_, ed. E. Sommer in HauptaEuro(TM)s + _Zeitschrift fA1/4r deutsches Alterthum_, II. 389.] + + [Footnote 8: _Der Graf v. Savoyen_, ed. F. H. v. d. Hagen, + _Minnesinger_, IV. 640, and Eschenburg, _DenkmAler altdeutscher + Dichtkunst_, Bremen, 1799.] + +(4) The romances of _Isumbras_; (5) of _Octavian_; (6) last, _Syr +Eglamour of Artois_, and (7) _Sir Torrent of Portugal_. + +The first five have been treated by Holland in his book, _Chrestien de +Troies_, TA1/4bingen, 1854. + +According to HollandaEuro(TM)s opinion, all of these are derived from the legend +of Eustache. He has not exactly inquired into each of them, but +restricts himself to a detailed account of their contents. AA critical +inquiry into these poems, except the romance of _Octavian_, has been +recently published by J. Steinbach: _Der einfluss des Crestien de Troies +auf die altenglische literatur_. Leipzig, 1886, p.A 41 ff. As to the +French and the two German poems, it may be sufficient to refer to this +exhaustive essay, since it is only by the same legendary origin that +they are connected with _Sir Torrent_; otherwise they are quite +different. + +But of the English romances of _Sir Isumbras_ and of _Octavian_ it is +necessary to treat more minutely. _Isumbras_ was edited first by +Utterson in his _Select Pieces of Early Popular Poetry_, London, 1817; +secondly by Halliwell in _The Thornton Romances_, from the Lincoln MS. +A. i. 17. AA critical edition of this poem has long been promised by +Prof. Zupitza. + +In this romance the legend of Eustache can be most clearly recognized. +Its contents are, indeed, somewhat transformed according to the taste of +the later Middle Ages: the Roman captain is changed into a Christian +knight, who performs wonders in fighting against the infidels; he finds +his wife as queen of a heathen country; they end their lives as mighty +princes, and so on. The legendary style has been supplanted by the +romantic diction,[9] but the leading features remain the same. In his +above-mentioned essay, pp.A 46-48, Steinbach concludes, from a detailed +comparison of the contents, that the author of _Isumbras_ did not derive +his story from the epic poem, _Guillaume daEuro(TM)Engleterre_, but from an +original which bore a still greater resemblance to the legend of +Eustache, and, at the same time, contained many of those additions which +are to be found in all versions of the legend. Whether this original was +composed in Latin, French, or Anglo-Norman, Steinbach does not pretend +to determine. + + [Footnote 9: On this text see Sarrazin, _Octav._, p. xlv; he + speaks of aEurooedie entstellte, spielmannsmAssig zersungene Form, in + der die Thornton Ms uns die legende A1/4berliefert. . . . . . + dasselbe Pathos, dieselbe SentimentalitAt und FrAmmelei, aber auch + dieselbe anschauliche und lebhafte ErzAhlungsweise (sc. as in + Oct.).aEuro] + +To _Isumbras_ I join a few remarks on the romance of _Octavian_, which +was edited by Halliwell for the Percy Society, _The Romance of the +Emperor Octavian_, London, 1844; and by Sarrazin, _Zwei mittelengl. +Versionen der Octaviansage_, in KoelbingaEuro(TM)s _Altengl. Bibliothek_, Band +III. As for its contents, cf. Sarrazin, as above, p.A xviii ff. +Concerning the origin of the story, he agrees in general with Holland, +only he shows a still nearer connection between _Isumbras_ and +_Octavian_, taking the former for a mere imitation of the latter. This +opinion, however, cannot be proved. As I cannot enter into detail, +IA only observe that the contents of _Octavian_ are a great deal more +complicated and copious than those of _Isumbras_, which is simple in its +plot and style, and shows the nearest resemblance to the old Eustache +legend, whilst _Octavian_ is a refined and adorned version of the +legendary tale with considerable change in the plan. Isumbras, of +course, bears a strict resemblance to Eustache, but not to the Emperor +Octavian, who has but little of the character of a suffering saint, as +he does not become an outlaw himself, nor is to lose his earthly goods. +Even those of his adventures which are conformable to the original--the +separation from his family, the rape of the children, the final +reunion--are exhibited in a different manner. + +The principal contents of the romance of _Octavian_ bear internal +evidence of its later origin, as it treats chiefly of the adventures and +exploits of Florent, OctavianaEuro(TM)s son; especially in the second half of +the story, exploits of Florent so prevail that the romance might justly +bear his name on the title instead of his fatheraEuro(TM)s. IA therefore believe +that SarrazinaEuro(TM)s opinion, that _Isumbras_ is nothing but a bad imitation +of _Octavian_, is wrong; and I am rather inclined to think the two poems +were composed independently from each other, after French originals, as +is evidently the case with _Octavian_, and probably with _Isumbras_. See +Halliwell, _Thornt. Rom._, p.A xviii. Sarrazin, moreover, supposes, +p.A xlv, both poems to be due to the same author, in consequence of the +conformity of the dialect and style, and of some literal coincidences. +But the fact that both of these romances are written in the same dialect +is not sufficient to prove the identity of the authors, nor is the +style, which is nearly stereotyped in all of these romances. As to the +literal coincidences, only three of the nine passages quoted by Sarrazin +seem to me to be of any importance. See _Octavian_, notes on ll. 382, +397, 481. But even these only show that the writer of _Octavian_ knew +_Isumbras_, or _vice versAc_. + +As to the relation between _Octavian_ and our poem, these two romances +have no other affinity than the same legendary origin, and the motive of +the woman innocently persecuted, which may very well have been +introduced independently by two different authors. In all other +particulars they are quite different. + +The heroes bear little resemblance to their legendary models; in +_Octavian_ the Emperor of Rome; in _Torrent_ the young, hardy knight who +encounters marvellous struggles to win the hand of his spouse. Also in +the treatment of the other motive, each romance has taken its own +course. In _Octavian_, Florence is calumniated by her mother-in-law; in +_Torrent_, Desonelle is persecuted by her father. The causes are +consequently quite different: there the jealousy of the mother-in-law +against the mighty Empress; here CalamondaEuro(TM)s hatred against Torrent. +These differences, now only alluded to, cause a great number of others, +and produce a general difference of the two poems, which renders the +opinion of a nearer connection between them altogether illusory. + +Of all the poems mentioned above, the last, _Syr Eglamour of Artois_, is +most nearly related to _Sir Torrent_, a fact found out by Halliwell,[10] +who, however, thought that there was no necessity for him to prove a +similarity which would be at once detected by the reader; still, he +takes it for certain that the romance of _Torrent_ is younger than and +partly founded on _Sir Eglamour_. As he gives no proof for this opinion, +it will be worth while to enter once more into this question, in order +to see whether he is right or not. + + [Footnote 10: _The Thornton Romances_, p. xxii f. aEuro~The romance of + _Torrent_ is partly founded upon the story related in _Sir + Eglamour_. The names are changed, but the resemblance is too + striking to have been the result of chance. The treachery of the + sovereign, the prowess of the knight, the indiscretions and + misfortunes of the lady, and the happy conclusion of her + misfortunes, these form the leading incidents of each romance + .A .A .A . there is, perhaps, aA secret history attached to the source + of these romances that remains to be unravelled.aEuro(TM)] + +Upon it, the MSS. do not help us. The earliest MS. that can have +contained _Sir Eglamour_ is the parchment one of the Duke of +Sutherland,[11] written about the end of the 14th century. The other +four MSS. of it[12] are still later. The only MS. of _Sir Torrent_ +belongs to the 15th century, so that neither of these romances can be +traced very far back. + + [Footnote 11: Cf. KoelbingaEuro(TM)s _Englische Studien_, vii. p.A 191A ff.] + + [Footnote 12: Cf. _The Thornton Romances_, p. xxv ff., and + p.A xxxvi.] + +_Sir Eglamour_ was printed several times in the beginning of the 16th +century, and edited anew by Halliwell from the Cambridge MS. in his +well-known collection. To judge from the numerous readings of the +Lincoln, Cotton, and Cambridge MSS. which he has quoted, the Lincoln MS. +shows best the original dialect, and offers in several passages a +reading preferable as to rhyme and meaning.[13] Even slight differences +in the contents occur now and then.[14] + + [Footnote 13: See the following passages which Halliwell has + quoted in the notes: _Eglam._ 54, 96, 107, 111, 122, 128, 139, + 153, 177, 195, 213, 247, 337, 347, 399, 445, 572, 605, 614, 737, + 740, 765, 858, 883, 945, 985, 1081, 1143, 1206, 1216.] + + [Footnote 14: See _Eglamour_, notes on ll. 1064, 1082, 1267.] + +The metre and probably the dialect are the same in both romances; they +are composed in the tail-rhymed twelve-line stanzas, and written in a +North Midland dialect. In both of them the style is alike swelled with +the habitual phrases; only the long prayers and pious reflections so +frequent in _Torrent_ are not to be met with in _Eglamour_. On the other +hand, the poet is wont to predict the fates of his heroes (ll. 204, +951); he often demands attention (ll. 15, 39, 343, 634, 904); he never +omits, in describing the festivals, to mention the performances of the +minstrels, and to praise the liberality of the lords. These +characteristics render it probable that the author of _Eglamour_ was a +minstrel, not a clerk or monk, as I suppose the author of _Sir Torrent_ +toA be. + +I now pass on to compare the contents of the two poems. The principal +features of the plot are the same in both. AA young knight who seeks the +hand of a princess engages to win her by valiant exploits. The +princessaEuro(TM)s father opposes his wooing, jealous as he is of the heroaEuro(TM)s +renown. The knight vanquishes all the giants and other monsters against +which he is told to fight, and at length gains his spouse. AA few weeks +after their marriage, he sets out again on adventurous expeditions. +While he stays abroad, his wife is delivered of twins. Her father sends +her to sea in a leaky boat; she lands on a foreign shore, where her +children are carried off by wild beasts; but they are saved in a +marvellous manner, and brought up at royal courts, whilst she herself +lives for a long time at a foreign court. As the hero, when he comes +home again, doesnaEuro(TM)t find her, he goes into the Holy Land to fight with +the infidels. After various adventures he finds his wife and children +after a tournament at a foreign court. They return home gladly, and +celebrate their nuptials by great festivals. The cruel father is duly +punished. + +On entering into details, however, we find considerable discrepancies +between the two romances. First, the names are altogether different. +(Eglamour = Torrent. Crystyabelle = Desonelle. Prynsamour = Calamond. +Organata = Gendres. Degrabelle = Antony fice Greffoun.) The stage of the +plot is in _Eglamour_ Artois, Rome, and Egypt; in _Torrent_ Portugal, +Norway, and Calabre. Only the Holy Land is mentioned in both. There the +children are carried off by wild beasts, saved by princes and brought +up; there the hero fights against the infidels. + +The differences of the plot itself are the following: + +1. Eglamour confesses his love to Crystyabelle before his deeds; +aA squire is the go-between in his suit; Eglamour finds love in return. +In _Torrent_ Desonelle does not know that she is adored by the hero till +after his first exploit. See ll. 109, 448. + +2. Accordingly, Eglamour, setting out on adventures, receives two +greyhounds and a sword of St. Paul from Crystyabelle as presents, +whereas Torrent gets an ambler from his lady love, but not till after +his first deed. + +3. Prynsamour charges Eglamour with three deeds by which he is to gain +Crystyabelle. Torrent is obliged to undertake not less than five +combats. + +4. In _Torrent_ the combats of the hero are enlarged and adorned by +additions not to be found in _Eglamour_. The latter does not release the +daughters and sons of kings, nor does he find precious swords in the +castles of the giants, nor is he deceived by a kingaEuro(TM)s counterfeit +letter, which causes Torrent a dangerous struggle and the rivalry of a +foreign prince. Only in _Eglamour_ (ll. 40-48) some knights are +mentioned who came to win Crystyabelle by jousting, but were all +vanquished by Eglamour. + +The greatest differences are found in the second halves of the stories. + +5. Crystyabelle has one child by Eglamour; Desonelle has two by Torrent. + +6. Crystyabelle is driven away into Egypt, where she is graciously +received by the king. Desonelle finds refuge in the court of the king of +Nazareth. + +7. Degrabelle, the son of Crystyabelle, is saved and brought up by the +king of Israel; the sons of Desonelle by the kings of Greece and +Jerusalem. + +8. The father of Crystyabelle is not punished like Calamond in +_Torrent_, immediately after the heroaEuro(TM)s return, but he dies at the end +of the poem, throwing himself down from the battlements. + +9. Degrabelle is sent, when fifteen years old, into Egypt by his +adoptive father to sue for a spouse. In a joust he gains the hand of his +mother and marries her. On the very wedding-day the mother recognizes +her son by his escutcheon, and the marriage is instantly dissolved. +Quite differently does the story run in _Sir Torrent_. Leobertus, +fifteen years old, marches by order of the king of Jerusalem against his +father, and takes him prisoner, but at length solicits his release. + +10. The tournament, which in both poems compasses the reunion of the +separated family, is brought on in a different manner. In _Eglamour_ +Degrabelle himself proposes the hand of his mother as the prize in the +next tournament, to which his father comes. In _Torrent_ Desonelle, +hearing of the victories of the strange knight, supposes him to be her +spouse from his arms, and at her request a tournament is arranged. (Her +hand seems to have been likewise the prize, as may be gleaned from +l. 2440.) + +11. At the very end of the poems two slight differences are to be noted: +in _Eglamour_, Degrabelle marries Organata, daughter of the king of +Sidon, whereas the sons of Torrent return into Greece and Jerusalem. +Eglamour is crowned prince of Artois; Torrent is elected Emperor of +Rome. + +From this comparison we may conclude that _Torrent_ is not directly +founded upon _Eglamour_, or _vice versAc_; the differences are too great +to justify the supposition that either is drawn from the other. +Especially is the opinion of Halliwell, which I mentioned above, to be +rejected: _Sir Torrent_ cannot be founded on _Sir Eglamour_, simply +because it agrees more closely with the old legendary tale than _Syr +Eglamour_ does, and has preserved some essential features not to be +found in _Eglamour_, in which these are supplanted by others. Desonelle, +for instance, has two children according to the old legend, Crystyabelle +one; Torrent must fight and suffer in heathen lands like Eustache, +whereas Eglamour appears as a mere knight-errant. Further, neither in +the Eustache legend nor in _Torrent_ do we find the history of the son +who marries his mother, which motive the poet may have taken from the +legend of Pope Gregory, or perhaps from the tale of _Syr DegarA(C)_. + +But how can the resemblance of the leading features and the +discrepancies in particulars be explained? IA think the most probable +conjecture is, that an old poem, now lost, existed, with which the +authors of _Sir Eglamour_ and of _Sir Torrent_ were acquainted; but not +having a MS. of it, or knowing it by heart, both of them made up their +minds to rewrite the story in a well-known metre, changing, omitting, +adding whatever they liked, even filling up the gaps in their memories +by invention. Both of them recollected the first half of the story +better than the second. + +That this poem was an English one seems to be shown by a good many +verbal coincidences in both poems; these I accordingly suppose to have +belonged to the lost original. They are, indeed, too frequent to be +counted simply amongst the large stock of conventional phrases which are +to be met with in every poem of this kind. Here they are:-- + + _Eglamour._ + + The boke of Rome th{u}s can telle. 408, 561, 886 + + _Torrent._ + + As the boke of Rome tellys. 187, 924, 1450, 1924 + + Ther ys a jeaunt here besyde, 478 + That sorowe doyth ferre and wyde. + On us and odur moo. + + There ys a gyante here besyde, + In ale thys covntre fare and wyde, + No man on lyve levythe hee. 960 + + And alle prayed for that knyght. 573 + + For hym aAEsAEs they pray. 108 + + Alle that in the cytA(C) ware. 598 + + AAEsAEs that in~ the sytte were. 1047 + + Alle that cuntrey was fulle fayne, 640 + That he homeward was comyn ageyne. + + Gentilmen were blith and ffayn~, 1098 + That he in helth was comyn~ agayn~. + + Aftur sopur, as y yow telle, + He wendyd to chaumber with Crystyabelle. 670, 671 + + After mete, as I you teAEsAEs, + To speke with mayden DesoneAEsAEs + To her chamber he went. 1358-60 + + That lady was not for to hyde, 673-75 + She sett hym on hur beddys syde, + And welcomyd home that knyght. + + The damyseAEsAEs so moche of pride, + Set hym on~ her bed-syde, + And said aEuro~welcom~ verament.aEuro(TM) 1363 + + So gracyously he come hur tylle, 679 + Of poyntes of armys he schewyd hur hys fylle, 680 + That there they dwellyd alle nyEt. + + Such gestenyng he a-right, + That there he dwellid aAEsAEs nyEt + With that lady gent. 1364-66 + + A golde rynge y schalle geve the, 715 + Kepe yt wele my lady free, + Yf Cryste sende the a chylde! 717 + + Thes gold rynges I shaAEsAEs yeve the, + Kepe them weAEsAEs, my lady ffre, + Yf god a child vs send! 1396-1398 + + Doghtur, into the see schalt thou, 803 + Yn a schypp alone, + And that bastard that to the ys dere! + + There fore thou shalt in to the see + And that bastard with-in the! 1793 + + Sche prayed hur gentylwomen so free, + Grete wele my lord, whon ye hym see! 826, 827 + + She said aEuro~knyghtis and ladyes gent, + Grete weAEsAEs my lord sir Torrent, + Yeff ye hym~ euer sene! 1837-39 + + Hur yonge sone away he bare. 842 + + A way he bare her yong son~. 1871 + + Thys chylde ys comyn of gentylle blode, + Where that ever that he was tane. 863 + + This chylde is come of gentiAEsAEs teme, + Where euer this beest hym~ ffond. 1923 + + Kepe we thys lady whyte as flowre, + And speke we of syr Egyllamowre. 950 + + Leve we now that lady gent, + And speke we of sir Torrent. 2080-81 + + The knyght swownyd in that tyde. 975 + + Swith on sownyng there he feAEsAEs. 2093 + + Be the XV yerys were comyn and gone, + The chylde that the grype hath tane, + Waxe bothe bold and stronge. 1018-20 + + And be the VII yere were gone, + The child that the liberd had tane, + Found hym his fiAEsAEs off ffyght. 2233-35 + + Yn yustyng ne in turnament 1021 + Ther myght no man withsytt hys dynte, + But to the erthe them thronge. 1023 + + With heve tymbyr and ovyrryde 40 + Ther myght no man~ hys dent abyde, + But to the erthe he them strake. 42 + + Be thre wekys were comyn to Eende, + Yn the londe of Egypt can they lende. 1057 + + But ore thre wekes were comI...yn~ to end, + To PortynggaAEsAEs gan he wend. 373 + + Gentilmen that herde of thys crye, + Thedur come they redylye. 1195-96 + + Gret lordys that herith this crye, + Theder come richely. 2431-32 + + Syr Egyllamour knelyd on his kne, + aEuro~A Lorde God Eylde hyt the! 1288-89 + + Torent knelid vppon~ his knee 2575 + And said aEuro~God yeld you, lordys ffree! + + In swounynge than felle that lady free, + aEuro~Welcome, syr Eglamour, to me! + + She said aEuro~welcom~, my lord sir Torent! + And so be ye, my lady gent! + In sownyng than feAEsAEs she. 2505 + + _Eglamour_, Linc. MS. Note on 1267: + + Grete lordis thane told scho sone. + + Gret lordys told she sone. 2539 + +Perhaps some more light will be thrown on this question when we get the +much-wanted critical edition of _Sir Eglamour_; but I fear that the +aEuro~secret history attached to the source of these romancesaEuro(TM) will even then +remain to be unravelled. What I have proposed has no title to a better +name than a conjecture. + + +ASec. 5. THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE EDITION. + +As to the only MS. in which this romance has come down to us, IA have +mentioned before that it is exceedingly corrupt; many conjectures, more +or less sure, were necessary in order to restore metre, rhyme, and +meaning; the greater part of them seemed worthy to be entered in the +text, the rest being offered in the notes. No attempt has been made to +introduce a uniform character of dialect, considering the quite +unsettled state of orthography in early times. The only exceptions are +where the sounds are fully determined by the rhyme. In general the +orthography of the MS. has been reproduced as accurately as possible. +The contractions used by the scribe are expanded and printed in italics. +At the beginning of a new period, or a proper name within the line, +capitals have been introduced. From l. 1200, where the numeration of my +text no longer coincides with that of HalliwellaEuro(TM)s edition, the +line-numbers of the latter are added in brackets. + +The fragments which I have added as an appendix to the text have been +consulted in all cases of difficulty, and proved of no little service in +correcting the blunders of the manuscript; they contain indeed a +somewhat better text than the MS., though they are by no means free from +clerical errors. AA detailed comparison gives the following result: + +In fifty-one lines the text of the fragments is evidently correcter than +theA MS.: + + _Fragments._ + _Manuscript._ + + The kyng of Nazareth sent hym me, + Torent, I wot-saue hym on the. 466 + The kyng of PortynggaAEsAEs seyd, aEuro~So mot I the! + Torrent, I wet-saffe of the. + + The kyng wolde fayne that he ded were, + And he wyst nat on what manere. 472 + The kyng wolde fayne that he wer ded, + And hym wyst in what maner. + + To Torent that was true as stele, 477 + To Torrent trew ase styAEsAEs, + + In what londe that they brede. 487 + In what lond they ne bred. + + He bestrode a noble stede. 502 + Tho he bestrod another stede. + +Cf. 489, 498, 507-10, 512-15, 822, 825, 831, 833, 834, 837, 845, 848, +851, 929, 932, 933, 935, 947, 948, 951, 952, 958, 965, 968-70, 1807, +1808, 1810, 1827, 1828, 1831, 1834-36, 1844, 1854, 1866. + +Forty-eight lines are coincident: 468, 470, 474, 479, 480, 486, 487, +495, 499, 501, 504, 505, 520, 823, 832, 842, 844, 846, 917, 918, 921, +922, 927, 928, 936, 938, 953, 957, 962, 1809, 1813-17, 1819-21, 1823, +1830, 1832, 1838, 1847, 1850, 1851-52, 1863, 1865. + +In ninety-one lines it is doubtful which reading is to be considered as +the original one: + + _Fragments._ + _Manuscript._ + + As they walkyd by the ryvers syde. 469 + Ase the went be the watyres syd. + + Howe he myght hym shent. 473 + How he schuld be schent. + + The kyng sayde aEuro~what may this be? + Lorde, it is sent to me + For a faucon shene. 483-85 + Syr, he seyd, what may thys be? + Loo, lord, come ner and see + Abowght a facon schene. + + Than sayde the kyng vntrue, + aEuro~And ye fynde hawes of great value, + Brynge me one with the! 492-94 + And than seyd the kyng ontrew, + aEuro~Yf thow get hawkys of great valew, + Bryng on of them to me! + + Of thy dowghter hende. 836 + Of yowr dowghttyr hend. + +Cf. 467, 475, 476, 478, 481, 482, 488, 496, 497, 500, 506, 511, 516-20, +821, 824, 826, 827, 829, 830, 835, 838-41, 843, 847, 850, 919, 920, 923, +925-26, 930-31, 934, 937, 939, 940-43, 945, 946, 949, 950, 954, 955, +959, 960-61, 963, 964, 966, 967, 1811, 1812, 1818, 1822, 1825, 1826, +1829, 1837, 1840, 1842, 1843, 1845-46, 1848-49, 1853, 1855-62, 1864. + +In eleven lines the text of the MS. is superior to that of the fragment: + + _Fragments._ + _Manuscript._ + + aEuro~Ye, by my trouthe!aEuro(TM) sayd Torente. 828 + aEuro~Ye, be trouthe!aEuro(TM) seyd Torrent than. + + Delycyous notes on hyghe. 944 + Delycyous nottis on hyght. + + Frowarde the se. 956 + Froward the sytte. + +Cf. 488, 503, 820, 849, 924, 1824, 1833, 1839. + +As to the sixth fragment, 1014-36, and the beginning of the first (in +HalliwellaEuro(TM)s edition the third), 462-64, in which, as above mentioned, +not much more than the rhyming words are preserved, they have nearly the +same relation to the MS. as the other ones. + +In the following passages they correct the rhymes of the MS.: 1017, +1018, 1028, 1033. Coincident rhymes: 1014, 1015, 1019, 1026, 1027, 1032, +1034-36. Undecided: 1020, 1021, 1023-24, 1029-30, 462-64. The rhymes of +the MS. are preferable in ll. 1016, 1022, 1025, 1031. + +I need only add, that all the discrepancies between the MS. and the +fragments, however numerous they may be, concern, for the most part, +things of little importance; they are caused especially by the frequent +change of synonymous terms, by the difference of expletive words and +phrases, the transposition of words, the change of tenses, and so on. +But as there is nowhere any essential difference to be traced, we may +conjecture with great probability that the early printed edition of the +romance was taken from a manuscript which was pretty nearly related to +the Manchester MS., though somewhat more correctly written. + +I gladly take the present opportunity of acknowledging my very great +obligation to Prof. Koelbing, from whom I have received ample assistance +throughout the whole of this work. It would be absolutely impossible to +me entirely to discriminate his part from mine. He carefully revised the +introduction, notes, and the glossary, before they went to press, and +after they came from it, and he looked several times through the proofs +of the text. Nor am I less indebted to Mr. Joseph Hall at Manchester, +who not only kindly read the proofs of the text with the MS. in the +Chetham Library, but also contributed some valuable notes, which are +marked by his name. The Director has added the head-lines and +side-notes. + + + + +Torrent of Portyngale. + + + Here bygynneth a good tale f. 76a. + Of Torrente of Portyngale. + +(1) + + [Sidenote: + May God give us grace to win Heaven! IaEuro(TM)ll tell you of a doughty + knight.] + + +G+od, that ys worthy and Bold, _leaf_ 1] + Heuen~ and Erthe haue In hold, + Fyld, watyr, and wynde, + Yeve vse g{ra}ce hevyn~ to wyne, + And brynge vs owt off Dedly synne 5 + And In thy s{er}uyse to Ende! + A stounde and ye woAEsAEs lyst be-Dene, + Ale dowghtty men~ A3/4{a}t Euyr hathe b{e}n~, + Wher So that they lende, + I SchaAEsAEs yow teAEsAEs, ore I hense pase, 10 + Off a knyght, A3/4{a}t Dowghtty wase, + In Rome ase clarkys ffynde. + + [Linenote: + 8. _byn_ MS.] + +(2) + + [Sidenote: + He dwelt in Portugal, and fought well when 18.] + + In PortynggaAEsAEs, that Ryche londe, + An EreAEsAEs that wase wonande, + That curtese wase and {wyght}; 15 + Sone aftyr he had a sone, + The feyerest A3/4{a}t on fot myght gon, + Tyrrant, men seyd, he hyght. + Be tyme he wase XVIII yer~ old, + Of dedd{es} of armys he wase bold, 20 + To felle bothe kyng and knyght; + And now com{m}ythe dethe appon a day + And takythe hys father~, ase I yow sey, + For God ys most of myght. + + [Linenotes: + 15. _wyght_] _Dowghtty_ MS. + 21. _felle_] first _l_ above the line MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT LOVES DESONELL.] + +(3) + + [Sidenote: + The King gives Torrent an earldom, and he falls in love with the + KingaEuro(TM)s daughter Desonell,] + + The kyng of PortynggaAEsAEs wase fayne, 25 + To-warde hym he takythe Torrayne, + That Dowghtty ys in~ dedde; + And ther he fesomnyd in~ hys hond + A good Eyrldom in~ that lond, + Bothe forest and {fede}. f. 76b. 30 + The kyng hathe a dowghttyr {whyte} ase {fame}, + Dys{o}ne{ll} wase her name, + Worthyest in wede. + When Torrent had of her~ a syght, + More he lovyd that swet{e} wy{gh}t 35 + Than~ aAEsAEs ys fathyrys l{e}de. + + [Linenotes: + 30. _fede_] _Downe_ MS. + 31. _whyte ase fame_] _feyer ase flowyr_ MS. + 32. _Dyscenys_, MS. + 35. _swete_] _swet_, MS. + _wyght_] _wyte_A MS. + 36. _lede_] _londe_ MS.] + +(4) + + [Sidenote: + and for her, unhorses many knights.] + + For love of thys lady Deyr~ + In dede of armys far and nere + Aventorr{es} gan he take + W{i}t{h} heve tymbyr and ovyr-Ryde, 40 + Ther myght no man~ hys dent a-bydde, + But to the Erthe he them str{a}ke. + Her father and other knyghtt{es} mo + Had farly, how he Ryd soo, + And on a day to hyme spake, 45 + He Seyd: aEuro~Torrent, howe may thys byne, + That thow Dysp{i}syst thes knyghtt{es} kene + And ordurr{es} non woAEsAEs take?aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 39. _A ventorres_ MS. + 42. _stroke_ MS. + 47. _dysplesyst_ MS.] + +(5) + + [Sidenote: + The King knows that Torrent loves his daughter,] + + Torrent sayd: aEuro~So mvt I the, + An other sayment woAEsAEs I {s}ee, 50 + Ore I take ordor of knyght.aEuro(TM) + Tho he sware be hevyn kyng, + Ther wase told hym a wondyr-thyng~ + In hys chambyr to nyght: + aEuro~For~ the love of my doughter dere 55 + Thow makyst good far and nere + In~ Dedde of armys bryght; + And wyt thow wyAEsAEs, so god me saue, + Thow schalt her~ wyne, yf thow her haue, + Be thow neuyr so wy{g}ht!aEuro(TM) 60 + + [Linenotes: + 50. _And_ MS. + _see_] _bee_ MS. + 60. _wyght_] _wyttht_ MS.] + +[Headnote: THE KING ASKS TORRENT TO FIGHT A GREEK GIANT.] + +(6) + + [Sidenote: + and asks him if, for her sake, heaEuro(TM)ll fight] + + Torrent sayd: aEuro~Be Marry dere, + And I were off armyse clere, f. 77a. + Yowr Dowghttyr me leve were.aEuro(TM) + The kyng seyd: aEuro~Yf yt be soo, + Ore VII yere be a-go, 65 + More schaAEsAEs we here: + Durst thow, for my dowghttyr sake, + A poynt of armys for to take + W{i}t{h}-owt helpe of fere?aEuro(TM) + Than seyd Torrant: aEuro~So god me sped, 70 + W{i}t{h} anny man~ that syttythe on stede + Other far ore nere!aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 61. _Marry_] _e_ corrected into _y_. + 65. _a-go_] _a gone_, _ne_ struck out,A MS.] + +(7) + + Ther-of the kyng~ for tene wax wode: + aEuro~Yf thow wylt make thy body good, + Be trew and hold thy cont{ena}nce . . . . . . . 75 + Tho seyd Torrant: aEuro~So god me sped ere! + And I wyst, in~ what sted they were, + Fore no man~ wold I cha{u}nce.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 75. _contnnce_ MS. + 78. _chaunce_] corrected out of _change_ MS.] + +(8) + + [Sidenote: + a Giant in the Greek sea.] + + aEuro~In to the Grek{es} see a mylle + Ther ly{v}ythe a gyant {in an} yle, 80 + FuAEsAEs EuyAEsAEs thow dourst hyme stond. + My fayer~ forest{es} fellythe downe he + And Ryche castell{es} in~ that contre, + No ston lettythe he stond.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenote: + 80. _lyvythe_] _lyghttythe_ MS. + _in an yle_] _mauyle_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS TO FIGHT THE GIANT BEGONMESE.] + +(9) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent agrees to fight] + + +T+errent sayd: aEuro~Be Marre bryght, 85 + Yt ys gret sorrow that he hathe syght, + The devyAEsAEs of heAEsAEs hym blynd!aEuro(TM) + The {kyng} sayd: aEuro~P{ar} la-more de dewe, + Thow darryst fuAEsAEs evyAEsAEs w{i}t{h} thy Ey hym sewe, + He wold feAEsAEs the w{i}t{h} hys wynde.aEuro(TM) 90 + aEuro~Now, be my trowthe,aEuro(TM) seyd Torrent than~, + aEuro~Ase I ame a jentylman~, + Yf I may hym fynd, + Won fot woAEsAEs I not fro hym pase, + Thow he be stronger~ than Samson~ wase, f. 77b. 95 + Or anny man~ of {hys} kynd!aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 86. _he_] written above the line, MS. + 88. _kyng_] _knyght_ MS. + 96. _hys_] om. MS.] + +(10) + + [Sidenote: + the Giant Begonmese, and sets out.] + + Hys squyerys, they mornyd s{a}re, + W{i}t{h}-owt fere that he schold fare + To that gret iorney, + W{i}t{h} the gyant heygh for to fyght. 100 + Be-gon~-mese that gyant hyght, + That fyndd{es} f{e}re for aye. + To arme hyme Torrant g{a}s, + Hys good stede w{i}t{h} hym he ta{s}, + W{i}t{h} owt squyer~ that Day. 105 + He takythe leve at lorddys hend, + And on hys wey gan he wynd, + For hym aAEsAEs they p{ra}y. + + [Linenotes: + 97. _sore_ MS. + 102. _fare_ MS. + 103. _gas_] _goos_ MS. + 104. _tas_] _takythe_ MS. + 108. _pray_] _prayd_ MS.] + +(11) + + [Sidenote: + Desonell knows not that it is for love of her. God give Torrent + victory!] + + LytyAEsAEs wyst DesoneAEsAEs that jente, + For whos love that he went 110 + To fyght w{i}t{h} that knave. + Now god, that Dyed appon a Rode, + Strengithe hym bothe bone and blod, + The fyld for to haue! + He that schaAEsAEs wend soche a wey, 115 + Yt were nede for hym to p{ra}y, + That I{es}u hym schuld saue. + Yt ys in~ the boke of Rome, + Ther was no knyght of kyrstendome, + That jorney Durst crave. 120 + +[Headnote: TORRENT SEES THE GIANT SLEEPING.] + +(12) + + [Sidenote: + After 6 daysaEuro(TM) ride he sees the Giant asleep.] + + VI days Rydythe he + By the cost of the feyer~ see, + To seke the gyant kene. + By the cost as he Rode, f. 78a. + In a forest longe and brode 125 + And symly wase to se{n}e, + Hey sperrys ther he fonde + And gret olyvys growonde + Coverd in~ levys {grene}. + Sone wase he ware, ase y yow say, 130 + Vppon a movnteyn~ ther he laye + On slepe, ase I wene. + + [Linenotes: + 123. _seke_] _ches_, struck out, _seke_ written over with paler ink. + 126. _see_ MS. + 129. _grene_] _smale_ MS.] + +(13) + + [Sidenote: + He prays for ChristaEuro(TM)s help.] + + Torrent, on kne knelyd he + And be-sowght J{es}u so fre, + That bowght hym w{i}t{h} hys blod: 135 + aEuro~Lord, ase thow dyd {r}yght for Mar{y}, + Let me nev{er} take velony + And gef me of thy fode! + Sertt{es}, yf I hym slepyng~ slone, + ManfuAEsAEs Ded were yt none 140 + For my body, be the Rode.aEuro(TM) + Tho Terrant blewe hys bugeAEsAEs bold, + To loke that he a-wake wold, + And sythe ner~ hyme Rode. + + [Linenote: + 136. _ryght_] _lyght_ written above the line with paler ink. + _mare_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT WAKES THE GIANT BEGONMESE.] + +(14) + + [Sidenote: + As Torrent canaEuro(TM)t wake the Giant with his bugle,] + + So fast a-slepe he wase browght, 145 + Hys hornys blast a-woke hyme nowght, + He swellyd ase dothe the see. + Torrent saw, he woAEsAEs not wake, + He Reynyd hys sted vnto a stake, + Ase a jentyAEsAEs man~ {so fre}. 150 + So hy, he say, wase the movnteyne, + Ther mygh{t} no horse wynd hym~ a-geyn~ + But yf he nowyd wold be; f. 78b. + Thowe the wey neuyr~ so wykkyd w{a}re, + On hys wey gan he fare, 155 + In~ gret p{er}ayAEsAEs went hee. + + [Linenotes: + 150. _so fre_] _in fere_ MS. + 151. _say_] _sayd_ MS. + 152. _mygh_ (!) MS. + 154. _were_ MS.] + +(15) + + [Sidenote: + he stirs him up with his spear, and makes him wild.] + + Torent went to that movnte{y}n~, + He put hys spere hyme a-geyne, + aEuro~A-Ryse, fellow!aEuro(TM) gan he saye; + aEuro~Who made the so bold here to dweAEsAEs, 160 + My lord{es} frethe thus to feAEsAEs? + A-mend{es} the be-hovythe to pay.aEuro(TM) + The gyant Rysythe, ase he had byn~ wod, + And Redyly by hyme stode, + Be-syd hyme on a lay, 165 + And seyd: aEuro~S{er}tes, yf I leve, + Soche a wed I woAEsAEs the geff, + To meve the Euyr~ and ay.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenote: + 157. _movnten_ MS.] + +(16) + + [Sidenote: + The fight begins.] + + Thow the chyld were neuyr~ so y{i}nge, + The fynd{es} spere sparrythe hyme no-thyng~ 170 + I{n} the holtt{es} h{a}ree; + Who had fare and nere byne, + And neu{er} had of fytyng syn~, + He myght a lernyd th{a}re. + The gyant, the fyrst stroke to hym he cast, 175 + His good schyld aAEsAEs to-brast, + In schevyr{es} spred wase {ya}re; + Tho covd he no bett{ur} R{e}d, + But stond styAEsAEs, tyAEsAEs one were ded; + The gyant lefte hym th{a}r. 180 + + [Linenotes: + 169. _yonge_ MS. + 171. _In_] _IhA"_ (!) MS. + _horee_ MS. + 173. _seyn_ MS. + 174. _there_ MS. + 175. _to hym_] written above the line. + 177. _there_ MS. + 178. _he no_] _not he_ MS. + _Ryd_ MS. + 180. _ther_ MS.] + +[Headnote: THE GIANT BURSTS HIMSELF ON A ROCK.] + +(17) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent grips the Giant; they both fall, and roll down the mountain. + The Giant bursts] + + Torrent vndyr hys spryt he spre{n}t + And a-bowght the body he hyme hente, f. 79a. + As far as he myght last. + aEuro~A! fellow, wylt thow so?aEuro(TM) + And to the grownd gan they goo, 185 + Of the movnteyn~ bothe downe they pas{t}. + Ase the boke of Rome tellys, + They tornyd XXXII {ellys}, + In armys walloyng fast. + Yt tellythe in~ the boke of Rome, 190 + Euyr~ ase the gyant a-boue come, + Hys gutt{es} owt of hys body {brast}. + + [Linenotes: + 181. _sprent_] _spred_ MS. + 186. _they past_] _gan they pase_ MS. + 188. _ellys_] _tymys_ MS. + 192. _brast_] _Rane_ MS.] + + [[spre{n}t _italicized as shown_]] + +(18) + + [Sidenote: + open against a big stone.] + + At the fot of the movnteyn~ + Ther lay a gret Ragyd ston~, s{er}teyn~, + Yt nyhed ys schuldyr bon~ 195 + And also hys Ryght syd, + Ther to that gyant feAEsAEs that tyd, + Ase {I} herd in~ Rome . . . + + [Linenotes: + 197 put before 196. MS. + 198. _I_] _he_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT THANKS GOD FOR HIS VICTORY.] + +(19) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent stabs the Giant,] + + Thorrow hyme, that mad man~, + Torrent sone a-bovyn~ wane 200 + And fast he gan {him quelle} + W{i}t{h} a knyffe feyer~ and bryght; + Torrent, w{i}t{h} aAEsAEs hys myght + Ther-w{i}t{h} he gard hyme dweAEsAEs. + + [Linenotes: + 199. after _Thorrow_, _of_ has been scraped out. + 201. _him quelle_] _warke_ MS. + 203. _hys_] _h_ corrected out of _m_A MS.] + +(20) + + [Sidenote: + and then thanks Christ.] + + Torent knelyd on hys kne, 205 + To I{es}u Cryst p{ra}yd he, + That hathe thys world to wyld: + aEuro~Lord, lovyd, evyr lovyd thowe be, + The feyer~ fyld thow hast lent Me,aEuro(TM) + --Vpp bothe hys hand{es he} held-- f. 79b. 210 + aEuro~AAEsAEs onely w{i}t{h}-owt any knaue + Of the fynd the maystry to haue, + Of hym to wyn the fyld.aEuro(TM) + Now ys ther none other to say, + Of hyme he wane the fyld A3/4{a}t day; 215 + I p{ra}y God hyme schyld. + + [Linenotes: + 210. _he_] om. MS. + 213. _wyn_] _wynd_, _d_ erased MS. + 214. _to_ written above the line, MS. + 215. + _Now ys ther non other say + Of hyme to wyne the fyld A3/4at day_ add. (!)A MS.] + +(21) + + [Sidenote: + He sees the sea, and goes to it. Torrent finds the GiantaEuro(TM)s castle,] + + Torrent went vppe a-geyne + To the movnt, ase I gan sayne, + The lond{es} to se far and nere; + In the see a myle, hyme thoEt, 220 + An hold wase Rychyly wrowt, + In that lond wase not here perre. + The see wase Ebbyd, I yow sey, + Torrent thether toke the way, + Werry aAEsAEs thow he were; 225 + And ther he fownd Ryche w{on}ys, + Towrr{es} Endentyd w{i}t{h} presyos stonys, + Schynyng ase crystaAEsAEs clere. + + [Linenote: + 219. _to se_ written above the line.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT GOES TO THE GIANTaEuro(TM)S CASTLE.] + +(22) + + [Sidenote: + guarded by a lion and lioness.] + + T{wo} gattys off yron~ ther he fond, + Ther in~ Torrent gan wonde, 230 + A nyght{es} Rest there in~ {to} ta; + And at the hale dore ther wase + A lyon~ & a lyonasse, + Ther men be-twene them twa + Fast Etyng~, ase ye may here; 235 + CrystyA+- {man} thow {he} were, + Hys browys {wexe} bl{a}, f. 80a. + And wit yow wiAEsAEs, lord god yt wote, + He durst goo no fote, + Lest they wold hyme sl{a}. 240 + +(23) + + [Sidenote: + He hears a lady sighing within.] + + +T+orrant stod and be-held, + And p{ra}yd to god, that ale may wyld, + To send hyme harborrow good. + Sone hard he w{i}t{h}in a whalle + The syghyng of a lady smalle, 245 + Sche weppte, as sche were wod; + Sche mornyd sore and sayd: aEuro~Alas, + That Euyr~ kyng{es} dowghttyr wase + Ou{er}-come of so jentyAEsAEs blod, + For now ame I holdyn~ here 250 + In lond w{i}t{h} a fynd{es} fere!aEuro(TM) + Torrent hard, wher he stod. + + [Linenotes: + 226. _wonys_] _wayes_ MS. + 229. _Two_] _The_ MS. + 231. _to ta_] _he take_ MS. + 234. _twa_] _twayne_ MS. + 236. _man_] _thow_ (!) MS. + _he_] _they_A MS. + 237. _wexe bla_] _be gan to blowe_ MS. + 240. _sle_ MS. + 244. _whalle_] with paler ink corrected from _whyle_. + 245. _syghyng_] with paler ink corrected from _syngyng_.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT WANTS TO ENTER THE GIANTaEuro(TM)S CASTLE.] + +(24) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent asks for a nightaEuro(TM)s lodging in the Castle.] + + aEuro(TM)Dere god,aEuro(TM) seyd Torrant than~, + aEuro~Yff ther be anny crystyn~ man~ + In thys hold of ston~, 255 + That woAEsAEs, for the love of god of myght, + Harbourrow a jentylman~ thys nyght, + For I ame but on~!aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Seynt Marry,aEuro(TM) seyd that lady clere, + aEuro~What crystyn~ man~ axithe harburrow here?aEuro(TM) 260 + Nere hym sche gothe a-non. + aEuro~I wold harburrow the fuAEsAEs fayne, + But a gyant wyAEsAEs the slayne.aEuro(TM) + To hym sche mad here mone. + + [Linenotes: + 259. _clere_] _e_ corrected out of _r_A MS. + 261. _sche gothe anon_] _aA non sche gothe_A MS.] + + [[aEuro~Dere god,aEuro(TM) _open quote invisible_]] + +(25) + + [Sidenote: + The Lady says the Giant will kill him.] + + aEuro~Say me now, fayer~ lady, {belyve}, f. 80b. 265 + Who owte {of} thys plase schaAEsAEs {me dryve}, + Thes tourr{es}, that are so bryght?aEuro(TM) + Ther sche Seyd: aEuro~Be hevyn~ kyng~, + Here ys a gyant Dwellyng, + That meche ys of myght. 270 + Be my trowthe, and he the see, + Were ther~ XX lyvys in~ the, + Thy dethe than wyAEsAEs he dyght. + I{es}u cryst yef me g{ra}ce + To hyd the in~ some preve plase 275 + Owt of the fynd{es} syght! . . . . . + + [Linenotes: + 265. _bel._] om. MS. + 266. _of_] om. MS. + _me dryve_] _hyght_A MS. + 267. _so_] _feyer and_ add. MS. + 271. _the_] _thow_, _w_ erased and _e_ changed into _o_,A MS. + 273. _They_ (!) MS. + 275. _hyd_] corrected from _hyde_.] + + [[Linenote 271: _all aEurooeeaEuro and aEurooeoaEuro printed as shown_]] + +(26) + + [Sidenote: + The Lady takes Torrent past the Lions, into the Castle.] + aEuro~Euyr~ me thynkythe be thy tale, + The song of the burd{es} smale + On slepe hathe hyme browght.aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Ye,aEuro(TM) seyd Torrent, aEuro~ore he be wakyn~, 280 + I schaAEsAEs the teAEsAEs soche a tokyn~, + Of hym thow haue no thowght! + But woldd{es} thow for thy gentry + Do the lyonnys downe lye, + That they nyee me nowght?aEuro(TM) 285 + By the hande sche gan{n}e hym ta + And led hyme in~ be{tw}e them twa; + Ryght ase sche wold, they wrowght. + + [Linenotes: + 277. _thy_] _my_ erased and _thy_ written above the line. + 283. _thy_] _th_ corrected from _m_. + _gentry_] _gentre_, _e_ corrected from _y_. + 285. _nyee_] first _e_ above the line. + 286. _hande_] _d_ corrected from _e_. + _tane_A MS. + 287. _bewte_ MS. + _twayne_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS TAKEN INTO THE GIANTaEuro(TM)S CASTLE.] + +(27) + + [Sidenote: + He tells her he has kild the Giant.] + + The lady wase neuyr~ so a-drad, + In to the hale sche hym lad, 290 + That lemyred ase gold bryght; + Sche byrlyd whyt wyne and Rede: f. 81a. + aEuro~Make vse myrre a-geyne ow{re} Dedd, + I wot wiAEsAEs, yt ys so dyght!aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Be my trowthe!aEuro(TM) seyd Torrent, 295 + aEuro~I wole be thy warrant, + He comythe not here thys nyght. + On soche a slepe he ys browght, + AAEsAEs men of lyve wakythe hym nowght, + But onely god{es myght}.aEuro(TM) 300 + + [Linenote: + 300. _godes myght_] _gode a lone_ MS.] + +(28) + + [Sidenote: + She tells him of Prince Verdownys, and 4 EarlsaEuro(TM) sons in the GiantaEuro(TM)s + prison.] + + Blythe then wase that lady jent, + For to on-harnes Torrent, + That dowghtty wase and bold; + aEuro~For sothe,aEuro(TM) sche seyd, aEuro~I wot wher ys + The kyng{es} sone {Verdownys}, 305 + Fast put in hold + In a dongon~, that ys dym; + Fowyre good Eryll{es} sonnys be w{i}t{h} hyme + Ys fet in~ fere and fold. + The gyant wan theme in~ a tyde, 310 + Ase they Rane be the watyr syd, + And put them in~ preson~ cold. + + [Linenote: + 305. _Verdownys_] _of pvense_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT FREES A PRINCE AND 4 EARLSaEuro(TM) SONS.] + +(29) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent breaks open the prison,] + + aEuro~In an yron~ cage he hathe them done.aEuro(TM) + Torrent went thether~ sone: + aEuro~Are ye yet levand?aEuro(TM) 315 + The kyng{es} sone askyd than~, + Yf ther were anny crysten man~, + aEuro~Wold bryng vse ow{t} of bond?aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Lord,aEuro(TM) he seyd, aEuro~god aAEsAEsmyght, + I had levyr on a Day to fyght, f. 81b. 320 + Than aAEsAEs my fathyrys lond.aEuro(TM) + W{i}t{h} an iryn~ maAEsAEs styff and strong~ + He brake vpe an yron~ dore or longe, + And sone the keyes he fond. + + [Linenotes: + 318. _owt_] _ow_ (!) MS. + 323. _or longe_] added in paler ink.] + +(30) + + [Sidenote: + and frees the 5 youths. They sup.] + + Owt he toke thys chyldyryn~ fyve, 325 + The feyrest that were on lyve, + I-hold in~ anny sted. + The lady wase fuAEsAEs gl{e}d, + Sche byrlyd whyt wyn~ and Redd, + And sethyn~ to soper sone they yed. 330 + aEuro~Lord{es},aEuro(TM) he seyd, aEuro~syn yow are her~, + I Red yow make Ryght good cher~, + For now ys aAEsAEs thy nede.aEuro(TM) + Thus he covyrd owt of care. + God, that sofryd wondd{es} s{a}re, 335 + Grante vse weAEsAEs to sped! + + [Linenotes: + 325. _chyld._] a _v_ struck out, follows. + 328. _glad_ MS. + 335. _sore_ MS. + 336. _well{e} to sped_] _to sped welle_ MS.] + +[Headnote: THEY ALL CHOOSE THEIR HORSES TO RIDE AWAY.] + +(31) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent freed Prince Verdownys, Lords Torren, Jakys, and Amyas, and + Princess Eleanor.] + + Lordd{es}, and ye wol lythe, + The chyldyr namys I woAEsAEs teAEsAEs blythe, + Here kyn, how they were me told; + The kyng{es} sone, that dowghtty {ys}, 340 + Wase clepyd Verdownys, + That dowghtty wase and bold, + And an Eryll{es} son, that hyght Torren~, + A nother Iakys of Berweyne, + The forthe was Amyas bold. f. 82a. 345 + The kyng{es} dowghttyr of Gales lond, + Elyoner~, I vndyrstond, + That worthy wase in hold, + + [Linenotes: + 337. after _wol_, _be_ struck out MS. + 340. _ys_] _wase_ MS. + 346-348 put before 343-345, MS.] + +(32) + + [Sidenote: + She takes Torrent to his chamber, and then all of them to the + stable, where each chooses a horse.] + + In to hys chambyr sche hyme led, + Ther gold and syluyr wase spred, 350 + And asur~, that wase bl{o}; + In yron ther he gan stond, + Body and armys {al sch}y{n}and, + In~ powynt to trusse and goo. + In to a stabyAEsAEs sche hym led, 355 + Eche toke a fuAEsAEs feyer~ sted, + They were {redy} to goo; + And wote ye weAEsAEs and vndyrstond, + Had the gyant be levand, + They had not p{ar}tyd soo. 360 + + [Linenotes: + 351. _blo_] _blewe_ MS. + 353. _al sch._] _lygand_ (!) MS. + 354. _trusse_] corrected from _truste_. + 357. _redy_] om. MS. + 358. _wote_] with paler ink corrected from _what_. + 359. _Had_] corrected out of _han_. + _byn_ follows, almost entirely erased. + _gyant_] _t_ corrected from _d_.] + +(33) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent feeds the lions on the GiantaEuro(TM)s body, and puts his head on a + horse.] + + They woAEsAEs not to bed gan{ge}, + TyAEsAEs on the morrow the Day spronge, + Thus a wey to ffare. + Torrant sperryd the gattys, i-wyse, + AAEsAEs that he lyst he clepyd hys, 365 + The keys and thyng he bare. + The lyon{s that was} at the dore + Wase led to her~ mayst{er} that wase befor~, + {O}n hym thay fed them {ya}r{e}, + Vpp won of the horse, that wase ther~ levyd, 370 + {O}n hym thei trussyd the gyantt{es} he{ve}d. + Thus helpt hym god th{a}r~. + + [Linenotes: + 361. _gange_] _gan_ MS. + _ll{e} on the_ struck out, follows. + 366. _keys_] _e_ written with paler ink above the line. + 367. _lyons that was_] _lyone_ MS. + 369. _Vn_ (!) MS. + _hym_] _y_ corrected out of _e_ MS. + _thay_] corrected from _that_. + _yare_] _ther_A MS. + 371. _Vn_ (!) MS. + _thei_] _i_ written above the line. + _hed_A MS. + 372. _ther_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT RETURNS TO PORTUGAL.] + +(34) + + [Sidenote: + He goes back to Portugal.] + + But ore III wek{es} wer~ com{m}yn~ to End, + To PortynggaAEsAEs gan he wend, + Ther~ ase the kyng gan {lend}; 375 + The porter~ sawe {hym} ther he stood, + He fled a wey, ase he were wod, + Flyngyng ase a fynd. f. 82b. + aEuro~Syr kyng,aEuro(TM) he seyd, aEuro~be godd{es} dede, + Torrant bryngythe a devyAEsAEs ys hed, 380 + Ther w{i}t{h} he woAEsAEs yow present.aEuro(TM) + DesoneAEsAEs seyd: aEuro~Porter~, be styAEsAEs!aEuro(TM) . . . + In hys walke ther ase he went. + + [Linenotes: + 373. _wer{e}_] _ther_, struck out, and _were_ written over. + 375. _lend_] _lye_ MS. + 376. _sawe h. th._] _ther sawe he_ MS.] + +(35) + + [Sidenote: + The King and his Lords are afraid of the lions. Torrent kisses the + King of Portugal.] + + The kyng to the gatys gan pase, + Gret lord{es} that ther wase, 385 + Bothe knyght{es} and squyerr{e}, + Lord{es} wase fuAEsAEs sore a-dred + Fore the lyonys, A3/4{a}t he had, + They durst not come hyme ner~. + The kyng seyd: aEuro~I wyAEsAEs {the} kysse, 390 + Durst I for~ thy best{es}, Iwysse.aEuro(TM) + Torrent dyd them ly ther~, + And kyssyd the kyng w{i}t{h} joy and blyse; + And aftyr, other lord{es} of hys, + And aftyr, ladys {clere}. 395 + + [Linenotes: + 386. _squyerres_ MS. + 390. _the_] _hym_ MS. + 395. _aftyr_] _other_ add. (!) MS. + _clere_] _jent_A MS.] + +[Headnote: VERDOWNYSaEuro(TM)S FATHER IS TOLD OF HIS SAFETY.] + +(36) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Provyns is glad of his son VerdownysaEuro(TM)s safety] + + Messengyr{es} {went} the weye, + To the kyng of P{ro}vyns to sey, + Hys sone ys owt of hold: + aEuro~Yyng Torrent of PortynggaAEsAEs + Hathe browght hym owt of balle 400 + And slayne the jeyant bold.aEuro(TM) + LytyAEsAEs and mykyAEsAEs A3/4{a}t ther wer~, + AAEsAEs they mad good cher f. 83a. + Her~ prynse fayne se wold. + The kyng {seyd}: aEuro~So mot I the, 405 + I woAEsAEs geff the towynnys thre + For~ the tall{es} thow hast me told.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 396. _went_] _to_ (!) MS. + 397. after _Provyns_ _I_ MS. + 399. _Yoyng_ MS. + 405. _kyng seyd_] _kynges messengere_ MS. + 405-7 put before 402-4.] + +(37) + + [Sidenote: + and promises Torrent gifts. The King of Gales offers Torrent his + daughter.] + + Tha{n seyd} they, tha{t} to Gales yede, + Yeftys to {take} were h{e}m no ned, + Then {Ver}downys had they. 410 + Ase they seyA,yd on a tyde, + At Perrown~ on the see syd + . . . . . . . . . . . + The kyng of P{ro}vy{n}se seyd: aEuro~So mot I the, + Yftles schaAEsAEs they not be, 415 + That dare I sothely sey.aEuro(TM) + The kyng of Gales proferd hym feyer~: + aEuro~Wed my dowghttyr and myn Eyer~, + When so euyr~ thow may! . . . . . + + [Linenotes: + 408. _Than--that_] _That they than_ MS. + _Gales_] with paler ink corrected from _Calles_. + _yede_] corrected from _went_. + 409. _take_] om. MS. + _hym_ MS. + 410. _Then Downys_ MS. + 417. _gales_] _g_ with paler ink corrected from _c_.] + + [[seyA,yd _printed as shown, with line through single aEurooelaEuro_]] + +[Headnote: TORRENT GETS WELANDaEuro(TM)S SWORD ADOLAKE.] + +(38) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Provyns gives Torrent his Sword made by Weland,] + + The kyng of Perve{n}se seyd: aEuro~So mot I the, 420 + Thys seson~ yeftles schaAEsAEs thow not be, + Haue here my Ryng of gold, + My sword, that so wyAEsAEs ys wrowyt; + A bett{er} than~ yt know I nowght + W{i}t{h} in~ crystyn~ mold; 425 + Yt ys ase glemyrryng ase the glase, + Thorrow Velond wroght yt wase, + Bettyr ys non~ to hold. + I have syne sum tyme in~ lond, + Whoso had yt of myn~ hond, 430 + Faw{e} the{y were} I-told.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 429. _Loke thou hold yt with full{e} hond_, add.A MS. + 431. _I fawght therfore I told_ MS.] + +(39) + + [Sidenote: + and named Adolake. A fortnightaEuro(TM)s Feast is held.] + + Tho wase Torrent blythe and glad, + The good swerd ther he had, + The name wase Adolake. + A gret mayne{re}y let he make {ryght} 435 + That lest aAEsAEs a fortnyght, + Who so wiAEsAEs hys met take. f. 83b. + Euyry man toke ys leve, ase {I} yow say, + Hom-ward to wend ther wey, + Eu{er}y man ys Rest to take. 440 + TyAEsAEs yt be-feAEsAEs vppon a day, + Ase they went be the wey, + The kyng to hys dowghttyr spake: + + [Linenotes: + 435. _mayn._] _mayne let_, with paler ink corrected into _mayney_. + _ryght_] om.A MS. + 438. _I_] om. MS. + 440. _to take ys Rest_ MS.] + +[Headnote: DESONELL GIVES TORRENT A WHITE CHARGER.] + +(40) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Portugal tells Desonell that Torrent kild the Giant for + love of her.] + + aEuro~Ye schaAEsAEs take hed of a jeentyAEsAEs man~, + A feyer~ poynt for~ yow he wane, 445 + DesoneAEsAEs, at the last.aEuro(TM) + aEuro(TM)Syr,aEuro(TM) sche seyd, aEuro~be hevyn kyng, + TyAEsAEs ye me told, I knewe no thyng, + For who ys love yt wase.aEuro(TM) + aEuro~DesoneAEsAEs, so mvt I the, 450 + Yt wase for the lowe of the, + That he trovylld so fast. + I warne yow, dowghttyr, be the Rode, + Yt ys for yow bothe good, + Ther to I Red yow tr{a}st.aEuro(TM) 455 + + [Linenote: + 455. _trust_ MS.] + + [[aEuro~Syr,aEuro(TM) sche seyd, _open quote invisible_]] + +(41) + + [Sidenote: + She gives Torrent a white steed which the King of Nazareth had sent + her.] + + Forthe sche browght a whyt sted, + As whyt as the flowyr in~ med, + Ys fytte blac ase slo{n}. + aEuro~Leman~, haue here thys fole, + That dethe ys dynt schalt A3/4{o}u not {thole}, 460 + WhyAEsAEs thow setty{s}te hyme appon~, + And yf thow had p{ersew}yd be + And hadyst ned fore to fle, + Fast for to gone. + The kyng of Nazareth sent hym me, 465 + Torrent, I wet-saffe hym on the, + For bett{er} love may I none.aEuro(TM) f. 84a. + + [Linenotes: + 458. _slo_ MS. + 460. _thole_] _haue_ MS. + 461. _settythe_ MS. + 462. _paEuro(TM)revyd_ (!) MS. + 465. So Fragm. I (F. I); + _The kyng of Portynggalle seyd: aEuro~So mot I the_A MS. + 466. _hym on_] so F. I; _of_ MS.] + +(42) + + [Sidenote: + The King treacherously asks Torrent to get Desonell a Falcon] + + Aftyr-ward vppon a tyd, + Ase the went be the watyr{es} syd, + The kyng and yong Torrent, 470 + The kyng wold fayne, that he ded wer~, + And he wyst, in~ what maner~, + How he schuld be schent; + A false lettyr mad the kyng + And dyd messengyr{es} forthe yt bryng, 475 + On the Rever~, ase they went, + To Torrent, that was trew ase styAEsAEs, + Yf he love DesoneAEsAEs wyAEsAEs, + Get her a facon~ jent. + + [Linenotes: + 471. _ded wer{e}_] so F. I; _were ded_A MS. + 472. _he_] so F. I; _hym_ MS. + 477. _that was_] so F. I; om. MS.] + +[Headnote: THE FALSE KING OF PORTUGAL DECEIVES TORRENT.] + +(43) + + [Sidenote: + from the Forest of Magdalen.] + + Torrent the lett{er} be-gan~ to Red, 480 + The kyng lestyned & nere yed, + Ase he yt nevyr ad s{e}ne. + aEuro~Syr,aEuro(TM) he seyd, aEuro~what may thys be, + Loo, lord, come ner~ and see, + A-bowght a facon~ schene? 485 + I ne wot, so god me sped, + In what lond that they bred.aEuro(TM) + The kyng answerd: aEuro~I wene, + In the forrest of Mavdeleyn~, + Ther be hawk{es}, ase I herd seyne, 490 + That byn of lenage {cl}en~.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 482. _syne_ MS. + 487. _that_] so F. I; om. MS. + _they_] _ne_ add. (!)A MS. + 489. _Mavd._] so F. I; _Mavdlen_ MS. + 491. _clen~_] _gene_ MS.] + +(44) + + [Sidenote: + He agrees to do it. Torrent rides] + + And than seyd the kyng on-trew: + aEuro~Yf thow get hawkys of gret valew, + Bryng on of them to me!aEuro(TM) + Torrent Seyd: aEuro~So god me saue, f. 84b. 495 + Yf yt be-tyd, that I may haue, + At yow{r} wyAEsAEs they schal be.aEuro(TM) + Hys squyere bode he th{a}r~, + Aftyr hys armor~ for to far~, + In the fyld byddythe he. 500 + They armyd hym in~ hys wed, + Tho he be-strod a noble sted, + And forthe than Rod hee. + + [Linenote: + 498. _squyere_] so F. II; _squyeres_ MS. + _there_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT FINDS A DRAGON IN THE FOREST.] + +(45) + + [Sidenote: + to the Forest of Magdalen, gets separated from his Squire,] + + +T+orrent toke the wey a-geyn~ + In to the forest of Mawdleyn~, 505 + In the wyld-some way; + Berys and apes there founde he, + And wylde bestys great plente, + And lyons where they lay. + In a wod that wase tyght, 510 + Yt Drew nere-hand nyght + By dymmynge of the Day, + Harkyn, lord{es}, {to} them came wo, + He and hys squyer~ p{ar}tyd in two, + CarfuAEsAEs men then were they. 515 + + [Linenotes: + 502. _noble_] so F. II; _nothere_ MS. + 507-509: so F. II: + _Berrys he sawe stondyng + And wyld bestes ther goyng, + Gret lyonys ther he fond._A MS. + 510: _tyght_] so F. II; _thyke_ MS. + 512: _By d._] so F. II; _And ine the Dawnyng_A MS. + 513: _to--wo_] so F. II; + _to_] of F. II. + _what I schalle sey_A MS. + 514: _in two_] so F. II; _they_ MS. + 515: _men--they_] so F. II; _they were that Day_A MS.] + +(46) + + [Sidenote: + and comes on a Dragon.] + + At the schedyng of a Rome + Eche p{ar}tyd other frome, + For sothe, ase I vndyrstond. + Torrent toke a dulful wey + Downe in~ a depe valey 520 + Be-syd a weAEsAEs strong. + A lytyAEsAEs be fore mydnyght + Of a dragon he had syght, + That grysly wase to {fond}; + He had hym nowght to were, 525 + But hys schyld and hys spere, f. 85a. + That wase in~ hys squyer{es} hond. + + [Linenote: + 524. _fond_] _syght_ MS.] + +[Headnote: AA DRAGON ATTACKS TORRENT.] + +(47) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent prays to Christ to be his help.] + + Torrent knelyd on hys kne, + To I{es}u Cryst p{ra}yd he: + aEuro~Lord, mykyAEsAEs of myght, 530 + Syne I wase in~ meche care, + Let me nevuyr~ owt of {t}hys world far~, + TyAEsAEs I haue take o{rd}er of knyght. + Ase I ame falsely hether~ sent, + Wyld-som weyes haue I went, 535 + W{i}t{h} fynd{es} for to fyght. + Now, I{es}u, for thy holy name, + Ase I ame but man~ a-lone, + Than~ be my helpe to nyght!aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 532. _thys_] _hys_ (!) MS. + 533. _haue_] _or_ add. (!) MS. + _order_] _othere_ (!)A MS.] + +(48) + + [Sidenote: + The DragonaEuro(TM)s tail is 7 yards long,] + + Ase Torrent I{es}u gan~ p{ra}y, 540 + He herd the dragon~, ther he lay + Vndyr-nethe a clo{w}; + Of an{d} on he wase stronge, + Hys tayle wase VII yerd{es} long, + That aftyr hyme he dr{o}we; 545 + Hys wyngg{es} wase long and wyght, + To the chyld he toke a flyght + W{i}t{h} an howge sw{ow}e; + Had he nether~ schyld ne spere, + But p{ra}yd to god, he schold hyme were, 550 + For he wase in dred i-nowe. + + [Linenotes: + 542. _clow_] _colod_ or _colvd_, _l_ corrected from _d_,A MS. + 543. _and_] _an_ MS. + 545. _drewe_ MS. + 548. _swowe_] _swayne_ (!) MS. + 551. _inowthe_ MS.] + +(49) + + [Sidenote: + and has a fiery head on it. Torrent cuts 4 ells off the DragonaEuro(TM)s + tail;] + + On the tayle an hed ther~ wase, + That byrnyd Bryght as anny glase, f. 85b. + In fyer whan {yt} was dyght; + A-bowght the schyld he lappyd yt ther~, 555 + Torrent the bowght a-sondyr schere + Thurrow the g{ra}ce of god almyght. + As the boke of Rome telly{s}, + Of hys taylle he cut IIII ell{es} + W{i}t{h} hys swerd so bryght. 560 + Than cryed the lothely thyng, + That aAEsAEs the daAEsAEs be-gan to Ryng, + That hard the gyant wyght. + + [Linenotes: + 554. _yt_] _he_ MS. + 558. _Tellys_] _tellythe_ MS. + 563. _That the gyant hard wyght_ MS.] + + [[f. 85b. _Text has anomalous aEurooefol.aEuro_]] + +[Headnote: TORRENT KILLS THE DRAGON.] + +(50) + + [Sidenote: + and while its Giant-owner is getting ready to helpA it,] + + The gyant seyd: aEuro~I vndyrstond, + There ys sum crystyn~ man~ nere hond, 565 + My dragon here I cry. + By hym, that schope bothe watyr~ and lond, + AAEsAEs that I can se be-fore me stond, + Dere schaAEsAEs they a-bye! + Me thynkythe, I here my dragon~ schowt, 570 + I deme, ther be svme dowghtty man~ hym a-bowght, + I trow, to long I ly. + Yf I dweAEsAEs in my pyAEsAEs of ston~, + And my cheff-fost{er} were gone, + A false mayst{er} were I!aEuro(TM) 575 + + [Linenote: + 574. _foster_] _st_ corr. out of _t_.] + +(51) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent kills it. TorrentaEuro(TM)s Squire] + + Be the gyant wase Redy dyght, + Torrent had slayne the dragon~ Ryght; + Thus gan god hyme scheld. + To the mownteyne he toke the wey + To Rest hyme, aAEsAEs that day, 580 + He had myst{er}, to be kyld. + TyAEsAEs the day be-gan to spryng, f. 87a.[T1] + Fowllys gan myrre to syng + Bothe in~ frethe and in feld. + Leve we now of Torrent th{o}re 585 + And speke we of thys squyer~ more: + I{es}u hys sole fro heAEsAEs shyld! + + [Linenotes: + 581. _kyllyd_ MS. + 585. _there_ MS.] + + [Footnote T1: There is no f. 86 in the paging of the MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENTaEuro(TM)S SQUIRE IS MET BY A GIANT.] + +(52) + + [Sidenote: + rides all night in a wood,] + + Hys squyer~ Rod aAEsAEs nyght + In a wod, that wase fuAEsAEs tyght, + W{i}t{h} meche care and gret fare, 590 + For to seke hys lord Torrent, + That wy{ght}ly wase frome hyme sent, + And he wyst nevyr~ whethyr ne wh{a}r~. + He Durst neuyr~ cry ne schuot, + For wy{l}d best{es} were hym a-bowght 595 + In~ the holtt{es} h{a}re; + A lyty{l} whyAEsAEs be-fore the day + He toke in~ to a Ryde-wey + Hyme self to meche care. + + [Linenotes: + 592. _wysly_ MS. + 593. _wher_ MS. + 595. _wyld_] _wyd_ MS. + 596. _hore_ MS. + 597. _lyty_ MS.] + +(53) + + [Sidenote: + till he finds a highway,] + + Forthe he Rod, I vndyrstond, 600 + TyAEsAEs he an hey wey fond, + W{i}t{h}-owtyn~ any Del{ite}, + Also fast ase he myght fare, + Fore berrys and apys, A3/4{a}t ther w{a}re, + Lest they wold hym byght. 605 + The sone a-Rose and schone bryght, + Of a castyAEsAEs he had a syght, + That wase bothe feyer~ and whyte . . . . + + [Linenotes: + 602. _Delite_] _delay_ MS. + 604. _were_ MS.] + +(54) + + [Sidenote: + and is met by a Giant. The Giant cuts TorrentaEuro(TM)s Squire into 4 + quarters.] + + The gyant h{i}m se, & ny yed, + And seyd: aEuro~Fellow, so god me sped, 610 + Thow art welcom to me: f. 87b. + What dost thow here in my forest?aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Lord, to seke an hawkys nest, + Yff yt yow{r} wyl be.aEuro(TM) + aEuro~The be-hovythe to ley a wede.aEuro(TM) 615 + To an oke he hym led: + Gret Ruthe yt wase to se. + In IIII q{uar}ter{es} he hym dr{o}we, + And eu{er}y quarter vppon a bowe; + Lord, soche weys toke hee! 620 + + [Linenotes: + 609. _hem_ MS. + 618. _drewe_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS ATTACKT BY THE GIANT ROCHENSE.] + +(55) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent finds these,] + + Ase Torrent in~ the movnteyn~ dyd ly, + Hym thowght, he hard a ReufuAEsAEs cry; + Gret fere ther hyme thowght. + aEuro~Seynt Marre,aEuro(TM) seyd the chyld so f{re}, + aEuro~Wher euyr~ my jentyAEsAEs squyer~ myght be, 625 + That I w{i}t{h} me to wod browght? + On he dyd hys harnes a-geyne + And worthe on hys sted, s{er}teyne, + And thetherward he sowght. + And wot yow wyAEsAEs, I vndyrstond, 630 + In fowre quartyr{es} he hym fownd, + For other wyse wase yt nowght. + + [Linenotes: + 624. _fre_] _fer_ MS. + 630. _wot_] _w_ add. (!) MS.] + +(56) + + [Sidenote: + and is attackt by this giant Rochense.] + + The gyant lenyd to a tre + And be-hyld Torrent so free, + For sothe, ase {I} yow seye. 635 + Thys fend wase ferly to fyght, + Rochense, seythe the boke, he hyght, + Ther wase a dredfuAEsAEs fraye. + To the chyld than~ gan he smyght: + aEuro~A theff, yeld the asttyt, 640 + As fast as thow may!aEuro(TM) f. 88a. + aEuro~What,aEuro(TM) seyd Torrent, aEuro~art thow wood? + God, that Dyed on the Rood, + Geff the evyAEsAEs happe thys day!aEuro(TM) + + [Linenote: + 635. _I_] om. MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT FIGHTS THE GIANT ROCHENSE.] + +(57) + + [Sidenote: + TorrentaEuro(TM)s steed is kild. He drives the Giant back] + + He Rawght Torrent soche a Rowght, 645 + Hys stedd{es} brayne he smot owte, + So mykyAEsAEs he be-gan~. + Torrent tho a good sped + Ase fast a-bowte an eche {yede}; + Ase swefte ase he myght, {he} R{a}n. 650 + He gathyred svm of hys gere, + Bothe hys schyld and hys spere; + Nere hym yod he than~. + Bacward than be a browE + Twenty fote he gard hyme goo, 655 + Thus erthe on hym he wane. + + [Linenotes: + 649. _yede_] _went_ MS. + 650. _he Ran_] _Ryne_ MS.] + +(58) + + [Sidenote: + into a deep glen, where he stands in water.] + + Yt solasyd Torrant th{e}n~, + When he sawe hyme bacward r{e}n + Downe be a movnteyn~ of Perowne, + Stomlyng thurrow frythe and fen~, 660 + TyAEsAEs he com to a depe {glen}, + Ther myght non hym s{t}ere. + Torrent wase glad and folowyd fast, + And hys spere on hyme he brast, + Good Adyloke yed hyme nere. 665 + The fynd in~ the watyr stod, + He fawte a-geyn, ase he were wod, + AAEsAEs A3/4e day in~ fere. + + [Linenotes: + 657. _than_ MS. + 658. _ren_] _Rond_ (!) MS. + 661. _glen_] _thorne_ MS. + 662. _stere_] _schere_ MS. + 668. _A3/4e_] _the_ add. (!) MS.] + +(59) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent prays God for help. Jesus freshens up Torrent.] + + Tho nere hond wase the day gone, f. 88b. + Torrent wase so werry than~ 670 + That on hys kne he kneld: + aEuro~Helpe, god, that aAEsAEs may! + DesoneAEsAEs, haue good day!aEuro(TM) + Fro hym he cest hys schyld. + I{es}u wold not, he were slayne, 675 + To hym he sent a schowyr~ of Rayne, + Torrent fuAEsAEs wyAEsAEs yt keld. + The fynd saw, he wase ny mate, + Owt of the watyr he toke the gate, + He thowght to wyne the fyld. 680 + + [Linenotes: + 671. _knelyd he_ MS. + 677. _kelyd_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT SLAYS THE GIANT ROCHENSE.] + +(60) + + [Sidenote: + The Giant attacks again. Torrent runs him throaEuro(TM) the heart, cuts his + head off,] + + Thoo wase Torrent ffresse and good; + Nere the fynd sore he stod, + Cryst hym saue and see! + The fynd fawt w{i}t{h} an yron~ staff, + The fyrst stroke, to hym he gaffe, 685 + He brast hys schyld on thre. + Torrent vndyr hys staff Rane, + To the hart he baryd hym than~, + And lothely cry gane he. + To the g{r}ownd he feAEsAEs ase tyght, 690 + And Torrent gan hys hed of-smyght, + And thus he wynnythe the gre. + + [Linenote: + 690. _gownd_ MS.] + +(61) + + [Sidenote: + finds him 24 ft. long, and goes to his Castle.] + + Torrent knelyd on the grownd + And thankyd god A3/4{a}t ylke stownd, + That soche g{ra}ce hyme send. 695 + Thus II journeys in thys woo + W{i}t{h} hys hand{es} slow {he} gyantys too, + That meny a man~ hathe schent. f. 89a. + Torrent forthe frome hyme A3/4an yod, + And met hyme XXIIII fotte, 700 + Ther he lay on the bent. + Hedles he left hym there, + Howt of the fyld the hed he bare + And to the casteAEsAEs he went.] + + [Linenote: + 697. _he_] _II_ MS.] + +[Headnote: THE SWORD AND STEED OF GIANT ROCHENSE.] + +(62) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent goes to the GiantaEuro(TM)s Castle, and finds a splendid sword,] + + To thys casteAEsAEs he gan far~; 705 + Ther fond he armor~ and other~ g{a}re, + A swerd, that wase bryght. + To the towre he toke the wey, + Ther the gyant{es} bed lay, + That Rychyly wase dyght. 710 + At the bedd{es} hed he fond + A swerd, worthe an Erllys lond, + That meche wase of myght. + On the pomeAEsAEs yt wase wret, + Fro a prynce yt wase get, 715 + Mownpolyardn{us} he hyght. + + [Linenote: + 706. _gere_ MS.] + +(63) + + [Sidenote: + and a noble white steed. With the heads of the Giant and Dragon, + Torrent] + + The sarten {to sey} w{i}t{h}-owt lese, + A scheff-chambyr~ he hym ches, + TyAEsAEs on the morrow day. + To the stabuAEsAEs tho he y{e}d, 720 + There he fond a nobyAEsAEs sted, + Wase comely whyt and grey. + The gyantt{es} hed gan he take, + And the dragonnys wold he not forsake, + And went forthe on hys wey. 725 + He left mor~ good in that sale + Than wase w{i}t{h} in~ aAEsAEs PortynggaAEsAEs, f. 89b. + Ther ase the gyant laye. + + [Linenotes: + 717. _to sey_] om. MS. + 718. _he_] _sche_ MS. + _chesys_ (!) MS. + 720. _yod_ MS.] + +(64) + + [Sidenote: + rides back to Portugal. Torrent gives the King the GiantaEuro(TM)s and + DragonaEuro(TM)s heads instead of a Falcon,] + + Tho he Rod bothe Day and nyght, + TyAEsAEs he come to a casteAEsAEs bryght, 730 + Ther ys lord gan dweAEsAEs. + The kyng ys gone to the gate, + Torrent on kne he fond ther at, + Schort taAEsAEs for to teAEsAEs. + aEuro~Haue thow thys in~ thyn~ hond: 735 + No nother hawkys ther I fond + At Mawdlenys weAEsAEs.aEuro(TM) + The kyng {quod}: aEuro~Ase so haue I blyse, + Torrent, I trow, sy{bb}e ys + To the deweAEsAEs of heAEsAEs! . . . . 740 + + [Linenotes: + 738. _quod_] om. (!) MS. + 739. _sybbe_] _sylke_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS LOVED BY DESONELL.] + +(65) + + [Sidenote: + and says the Giant Rochense was Slogus of Fuolles.] + + aEuro~Here be syd dwellythe won on lond, + Ther ys no knyght, {hy}s dynt may stond, + So stronge he ys {in dede}!aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Syr~,aEuro(TM) he sayd, aEuro~fore sen Iame, + What ys the gyant{es} name, 745 + So Euyr good me sped?aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Syr~,aEuro(TM) he seyd, aEuro~so mvt I the, + Slogus of Fu{o}ll{es}, thus hyte hee, + That wyt ys vndyr wede.aEuro(TM) . . . . . . + + [Linenotes: + 742. _knyght hys_] _knyghtes_ MS. + 743. _in d._] _on grond_ MS.] + +(66) + + [Sidenote: + Desonell gives her heart to Torrent.] + + LytyAEsAEs and mykyAEsAEs, lese and more, 750 + Wondyr on the hedd{es} thore, + That Torrent had browght whome. + {The} Lord{es} seyd aEuro~Be sen MyheAEsAEs! + Syr kyng, but ye love hyme wyAEsAEs, + To yow yt ys gret schame!aEuro(TM) 755 + Torent ordeynyd pryst{es} fyve, f. 90a. + To syng for hys squyerys lyve, + And menythe hym by name. + Therfor~ the lady whyt ase swane + To Torrant, here lord, sche went than~, 760 + Here hert wase to hyme tane. + + [Linenotes: + 752. _browght_] _ho_ add. (!) MS. + 753. _The_] om. MS. + _seyd_] _he_ add. MS. + _Myhell{e}_] _my her_, _r_ corrected to _lle_ with paler ink. + 756. _prystes_] V add. (!) MS.] + +[Headnote: AA PRINCE OF ARAGON WANTS TO WED DESONELL.] + +(67) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Aragon asks for Desonell for his youngest Son.] + + Lettyrr{es} come ther w{ithalle} + To the kyng of PortynggaAEsAEs, + To ax hys dowghttyr Derre, + Fro the kyng of Eragon~, 765 + To wed her~ to hys yongeest son~, + The lady, that ys so clere. + For Torrent schuld not her~ haue, + {For} hyme fyrst he here gafe, + To the messenger~, 770 + And hys {way} fast ageyn dyd pase, + Whyle Torrent an huntyng wase, + Ther of schuld he not be w{e}re. + + [Linenotes: + 762. _ther withalle_] _hetherward_ MS. + 769. _For_] _To_ MS. + 771. _way_] om. MS. + 773. _ware_ MS.] + +(68) + + [Sidenote: + The Queen of Portugal wishes Torrent to have her.] + + On a mornyng, ther ase he lay, + The kyng to the quene gan sey: 775 + aEuro~Madame, for cherryte, + Thow art oftyn~ hold wyse; + Now woAEsAEs ye teAEsAEs me yow{r} deuyce, + How I may governe me: + The Ryche kyng hathe to me sent, 780 + For to aske my dowghttyr gente + That ys so feyer~ and fre.aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Syr,aEuro(TM) sche Seyd, aEuro~so god me saue, + I Red yow let Torent her haue, f. 90b. + For best worthy ys he.aEuro(TM) 785 + + [Linenotes: + 775. _The (quene to the) kyng to the quene gan sey_A MS. + 779. _That how_ MS. + 781. _aske_] _aseke_ MS.] + +(69) + + [Sidenote: + The King refuses.] + + He sayd: aEuro~Madame, were that feyer~, + To make an erll{es} sone myn Eyer~? + I wiAEsAEs not, by sen Iame! + There he hathe done maystr{es} thre, + Yt ys {hys} swerd, yt ys not he, 790 + For Hatheloke ys ys name.aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Lord, he myght fuAEsAEs wyAEsAEs sped, + A knyght{es} dowghttyr wase hyme bed, + Ase whyt ase wall{es} b{a}ne; + And yf ye warne hyme DesoneAEsAEs, 795 + A{ll} that ther of here teAEsAEs, + Ther of wyAEsAEs speke schame.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 790. _hys_] om. MS. + 794. _swalles_ (!) MS. + _bone_ MS. + 796. _All_] _And_ MS.] + +[Headnote: THE KING OF PORTUGALaEuro(TM)S TREACHERY TO TORRENT.] + +(70) + + [Sidenote: + The false King of Portugal plots to have Torrent kild by another + Giant.] + + aEuro~Madam, vnto thys tyd + There lythe a gyant here be-syd, + That many a man~ hathe slayne. 800 + I schaAEsAEs hyght hym my dowghttyr~ dere, + To fyght w{i}t{h} that fynd{es} fere, + Thus he holdythe hyme in~ trayne. + But I schaAEsAEs make myn com{m}nant so, + That there schaAEsAEs non w{i}t{h} hyme go, 805 + {Neyther} squyer~ ne swayne.aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Syr~,aEuro(TM) sche seyd, aEuro~so mvt I the, + So sore be-stad hathe he be, + And wyAEsAEs co{m}myn~ a-geyne!aEuro(TM) + + [Linenote: + 806. _Neyther_] om. MS.] + +(71) + + [Sidenote: + He and his Queen go to Mass. Torrent sits at the head of a side + table.] + + Tho the bell{es} be-gan to Ryng, 810 + Vpe Rose that Ryche kyng, + And the lady {so fre}, + And aftyr-ward they went to mase, f. 91a. + Ase the law of holy chyrge wase, + W{i}t{h} n{o}t{es} and solemnyte. 815 + Trompettys on the waAEsAEs gan blowe, + Knyght{es} semlyd on a Rowe, + Gret joy wase to see. + Torrent a syd bord began~, + The squyer{es} nexte hym than, 820 + That good knyght{es} schuld be. + + [Linenotes: + 812. _so fre_] _in feree_ MS. + 815. _nettes_ (!) MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT AGREES TO FIGHT FOR DESONELL.] + +(72) + + [Sidenote: + The King asks Torrent if heaEuro(TM)ll do a deed of arms for Desonell.] + + Ase they sat a-mydd{es} the mete, + The kyng wold not foreget; + To Torrent the kyng gan sey, + He seyd: aEuro~Torrent, so god me saue, 825 + Thow wold{es} fayne my dowghttyr haue + And hast lovyd her~ many a day.aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Ye, be trouthe,aEuro(TM) seyd Torrent than~, + aEuro~And yf A3/4{a}t I were a Ryche man~, + Ryght gladly, p{ar} ma fay!aEuro(TM) 830 + aEuro~Yf thow durst for her sake + A poynt of armys vndyrtake, + Thow broke her~ weAEsAEs fore ay!aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 822. _a_] so F. III; _the_ MS. + 825. _saue_] so F. III; _sped_ MS. + 830. _gladly_] so F. III; _glad_ MS. + 831. _for h. s._] so F. III; _par ma fay_A MS. + 833. _broke_] so F. III; _breke_ MS.] + +(73) + + [Sidenote: + aEuro~Yes,aEuro(TM) says Torrent.] + + aEuro~Ye,aEuro(TM) seyd Torrent, aEuro~ar I ga, + Sekyrnes ye schaAEsAEs me ma 835 + Of yow{r} dowghttyr hend, + And aftyrward my ryghtys, + Be-fore XXVII knyght{es}.aEuro(TM) . . . . . . + And aAEsAEs were Torrent{es} frende. + aEuro~Now, good s{er}is,aEuro(TM) gan Torrant sey, f. 91b. 840 + aEuro~Bere wittnes her of som Daye, + A-geyne yf god me send!aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 834. _go_ F. III; _gan Rage_ MS. + 835. _make_ MS. + 839. _frenddes_ MS.] + +(74) + + [Sidenote: + aEuro~Then go to Calabria, and fight the Giant Slochys.aEuro(TM)] + + Torrent seyd: aEuro~So mvt I the + Wyst I, where my jorney schold {be}, + Thether I wolde me dyght.aEuro(TM) 845 + The kyng gaff hyme an answere: + aEuro~In the lond of Calabur ther~ + Wonnythe a gyant wyhte, + And he ys bothe strong and bold, + Slochys he hyght, I the told, 850 + God send the that waye Ryght!aEuro(TM) + Than quod Torrent: aEuro~Haue goo{d} day, + And, or I come a-geyn~, I schaAEsAEs asay, + Whether the fynd can fyght.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 844. _be_] om. MS. + 845. _wolde_] so F. III; om. MS. + 848. _wyhte_] so F. III; _whyte_ MS. + 851. _that w._] so F. III; _ways_ MS. + 852. _good_] _goo_ MS. + 853. Space left here for an initial letter of the largest size + inA MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT STARTS TO FIGHT THE GIANT SLOCHYS.] + +(75) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent takes leave of Desonell, starts,] + + Tho wold he no lenger~ a-byde, 855 + He toke ys wey for to Ry{de} + On a sted of gret valewe. + In to a chambyr~ he g{as}, + Hys leue of DesoneAEsAEs he t{as}, + Sche wepte, aAEsAEs men myght Rewe; 860 + He seyd: aEuro~Lady, be styAEsAEs! + I schaAEsAEs come a-geyn th{e} tyAEsAEs, + Thurrow helpe of Marry trewe.aEuro(TM) + Thus he worthe on a stede. + In hys wey Cryst hyme sped, 865 + Fore he yt no thyng knewe! + + [Linenotes: + 856. _Ryde_] _ryght_ MS. + 858. _gas_] _gothe_ MS. + 859. _tas_] _toke_ MS. + 862. _the_] _than_ MS.] + +(76) + + [Sidenote: + and rides to the Castle of the King of Provyns.] + + He toke hym a Redy wey, + Thurrow P{er}vy{n}s he toke the wey, + As hys Iorney feAEsAEs. f. 91a.[T2] + TyAEsAEs the casteAEsAEs Be the See, 870 + An hy stret heldythe hee, + Ther the kyng {dyd} dwell{e}. + To the porter he gan seye: + aEuro~Wynd in~, fellow, I the p{ra}y, + And thy lord than t{e}AEsAEs, 875 + P{ra}y hym, on won nyght in~ hys sale + To harburrow Torrent of PortynggaAEsAEs, + Yf y{t} Bee ys wiAEsAEs!aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 868. _pvys_ MS. + 871. _And_ MS. + 872. _dyd dw._] _dwellyd_ MS. + 875. _tyll_ MS. + 878. _Yf ys wille to Bee_ MS.] + + [Footnote T2: There are two folios 91 in the MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT A GUEST OF THE KING OF PROVYNS.] + +(77) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Provyns welcomes Torrent, and] + + The porter~ Dyd hys com{m}andment, + To the kynge he ys wente 880 + And knelyd vppon~ ys kne: + aEuro~God blyse A3/4e, lord, In thy sale! + Torrent of Portynggale + Thus sendythe me to the; + He p{ra}ythe yow, yf ye myght, 885 + To harburrow hym thys won~ nyght, + Yf yow{r} wiAEsAEs yt bee.aEuro(TM) + The kyng swere be hym, A3/4{a}t dyed on tre: + aEuro~There ys no man~ in~ crystyante + More welcome to me!aEuro(TM) 890 + +(78) + + [Sidenote: + feeds him. TorrentaEuro(TM)s sword is his only Squire.] + + The kyng a-Rose and to the gat yod, + Lord{es} and other~ knyg{htes} good, + That were glad of hys com{m}yng. + In to the hale he hyme browght, + Ryche met spare they nowght, 895 + Be-fore Torrent fore to bryng. + aEuro~Syr,aEuro(TM) sayd the kyng, aEuro~I p{ra}y the, f. 91b. + Where be thy men off armys free, + That w{i}t{h} the schuld {leng}?aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Syr, to a lord I mvst Ryde, 900 + My squyer hongythe be my syde, + No man schaAEsAEs w{i}t{h} me wend.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 892. _knyges_ MS. + 899. _leng_] _wynd_ MS.] + +(79) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent says he has to fight in Calabria.] + + aEuro~S{yr},aEuro(TM) seyd the kyng, aEuro~I p{ra}y the, + Where schaAEsAEs thy ded of armys bee, + Yf yt be thy wyAEsAEs?aEuro(TM) 905 + aEuro~S{yr},aEuro(TM) he seyd, aEuro~vttyrly, + At Calabur, sekyrly, + I ame aAEsAEs Redy ther tyAEsAEs + W{i}t{h} a squyer, A3/4{a}t wiAEsAEs can Ryde; + Fast be the see Sydde 910 + Schuld we pley ow{ur} fyle; + And wot ye wyAEsAEs and vndyrstond, + Ther schaAEsAEs no knyght come nere hond + Fore dred of dentt{es} yAEsAEs.aEuro(TM) + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS OFFERD A PRINCESS OF PROVYNS.] + +(80) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Provyns warns him against the terrible Giant there,] + + The kynge seyd: aEuro~Be godd{es} ore, 915 + I Rede, A3/4{a}t A3/4{ou} come not th{o}re, + Fore why, I wyAEsAEs the seye: + Meche folke of that contre + Come hether~ for~ sokor~ of me, + Bothe be nyght and day; 920 + There ys a gyant of gret Renowne, + He dystrowythe bothe sete and towyn~ + And aAEsAEs A3/4{a}t euyr~ he may; + And ase the boke of Rome dothe teAEsAEs, + He wase get of the deweAEsAEs of heAEsAEs, 925 + As hys moder on slepe lay.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 915. _kynges_ (!) MS. + 916. _there_ MS. + 922. _sete_] second _e_ corr. out of _a_A MS.] + +(81) + + [Sidenote: + and offers him his Daughter and 2 Duchies instead. Torrent says he + must keep his troth.] + + The kyng Seyd: aEuro~Be seynt Adryan~, f. 92a. + I Rede, a nother JentyAEsAEs mane + Be there and haue the gre: + I haue a dowghttyr, A3/4{a}t ys me dere, 930 + Thow schalt here wed to thy fere, + And, yf yt thy wyll be, + Two duchyes in {l}onde + I wille geve here in~ hande.aEuro(TM) + aEuro~G{ra}marcy, syr,aEuro(TM) sayd he, 935 + aEuro~W{i}t{h} my tonge so haue I wrowght, + To breke my day than wiAEsAEs I nowght, + Nedys me behovythe ther to bee.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 929. _the_] so F. IV; om. MS. + _degre_ MS. + 932. So F. IV; om. (!) MS. + 933. _londe_] _honde_ F. IV; om. MS. + 935. _syr s. h._] so F. IV; _seyd he thane_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT ARRIVES IN CALABRIA.] + +(82) + + [Sidenote: + He starts,] + + aEuro~In godd{es} name,aEuro(TM) the kyng gane sayne, + aEuro~I{es}u send the wiAEsAEs a-geyne, 940 + Lord so mekyAEsAEs of myghte!aEuro(TM) + Menstrell{es} was them a-monge, + Trompett{es}, harpys, and myrre songe, + Delycyous nottis on hyght. + When tyme was, to bed they wente; 945 + On the morrow Rose Torrente + And toke leve of kyng and knyght + And toke a Redy weyye, + Be a see syd as yt laye, + God send hym gatt{es} Ryght! 950 + + [Linenotes: + 947. _of_] so F. IV; _on_ MS. + 948. _toke_] so F. IV; _to_ MS.] + +(83) + + [Sidenote: + reaches Calabria, and hears of the Giant.] + + A hye stret hathe he nome, + In to Calabur he ys come + W{i}t{h} in~ to days ore III; + Soo come ther~ folk{es} hym a-geyne, + Fast folloyng w{i}t{h} cart and wayne, 955 + Fro-ward the sytte. + aEuro~Dere god!aEuro(TM) seyd Torrent nowe, + aEuro~Leve folk{es}, what Eyllythe yow, + Soo fast fore to flee?aEuro(TM) + aEuro~There ys a gyante here be-syde, 960 + In ale thys covntre fare and wyde + No mane on lyve levythe hee.aEuro(TM) f. 92b. + + [Linenotes: + 951. _nome_] so F. V; _none_ MS. + 952. _come_] so F. V; _gone_ MS. + 958. _yow_] _nowe_ add. (!) MS.] + +(84) + + [Sidenote: + The Giant Slongus is in Hungary;] + + aEuro~Dere god,aEuro(TM) sayd Torrant thane, + aEuro~Where schaAEsAEs I fynd that lo{th}ly man~?aEuro(TM) + Ther they answerd hym anone: 965 + aEuro~In a castyAEsAEs be-syd the see, + Slongus, soo hyght hee, + Many a man had he slone. + We wot wiAEsAEs wher he doth ly: + Be-fore the cyte of Hungry; 970 + He wiAEsAEs not th{en}s gone, + TyAEsAEs he haue the Ryche kyng~ + To hys p{re}sone for to bryngg, + To be lord of hyme self a-lone.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 964. _lothly_] so Hall.; _lovely_ MS. + 965. _anone_] so F. V; _a geyne_ MS. + 968. _slone_] so F. V; _slaylne_ (!) MS. + 969. _doth ly_] so F. V; _ys_ MS. + 970. _cyte_] so F. V; _knyghthod_ MS. + _Hungry_] so F. V; _Hongrys_A MS. + 971. _thens_] _thus_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT FINDS THE GIANT SLONGUS IN HUNGARY.] + +(85) + + [Sidenote: + he has broken the City gates, and slain 50 men.] + + Tho wold he no lenger~ a-byd, 975 + But to the sytte gan he Ryde, + As fast as he myght fare; + Here barys feAEsAEs and broke downe, + And the gatt{es} of gret Renowne + Stondyng~ aAEsAEs baree. 980 + Men of armys stond hyme a-geyne, + Mo than fyfty had he slayne + W{i}t{h} gryme woundd{es} and sare. + When Torrent of hym had a syght, + Thowe DesoneAEsAEs be neuyr~ so bryght, 985 + He will Reue hym hys chaff{a}r~. + + [Linenote: + 986. _hym_] _m_ corr. out of _s_. MS. + _chaffer_A MS.] + +(86) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent prays to Christ for help.] + + Torrent in~ the storrope stod + And p{ra}yd to god, A3/4{a}t dyed on Rode: + aEuro~Lord, ase thow schalt ale wyld at wyle, + Gyff me g{ra}ce to wyn the fyld, 990 + That thys {lothly} fynd hym yeld + A-non to me tyAEsAEs! + A man schaAEsAEs But onnys Dyee, f. 93a. + I wiAEsAEs fyght, whiAEsAEs I may Dryee.aEuro(TM) + He mad cher~ nobyAEsAEs. 995 + When he had I{es}u p{ra}yd of g{ra}ce, + He wyscheyd hyme a batteAEsAEs plase, + Ther as hym lyst we{ll}e. + + [Linenotes: + 990. _wynd_ (!) MS. _vndyr nethe spere and schyld_ add. (!)A MS. + 991. _lothly_] om. MS. + 995. _nobill chere_ MS. + 998. _welle_] _were_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT CHALLENGES THE GIANT SLONGUS.] + +(87) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent blows his horn. The Giant Slongus, of Flonthus,] + + Torrent hys spere a-say be-gane, + Bothe schyld and spere than~, 1000 + That they were sekyr and good. + Aftyr A3/4{a}t, w{i}t{h} in a throwe, + Hys good horne gane he blowe. + The gyant sawe, wher~ he stodde: + Slong{es} of Flonthus staryd than~; 1005 + Quod Torrent: aEuro~Yf thow be a gentyAEsAEs man~ + Or come of gentyAEsAEs blod, + Let thy beytyng and thy Ermyght be, + And come prove thy strenghe on me, + Therfor I sowght the, be the Rodde.aEuro(TM) 1010 + + [Linenote: + 1008. _Let be thy b. a. t. erm._ MS.] + +(88) + + [Sidenote: + says heaEuro(TM)ll wring TorrentaEuro(TM)s nose. His Crook is 13 ft. long.] + + The gyant sayd: aEuro~Be the Roode, + DeweAEsAEs of heAEsAEs send the fode, + Hether to seche me: + By the nose I schaAEsAEs the wryng, + Thow berdles gadlyng~, 1015 + That aAEsAEs heAEsAEs schaAEsAEs thow see!aEuro(TM) + The wey than to hym he toke + And on hys bake he bare a croke, + Wase X fot long and thre; + And thow he neu{er} so gret w{a}r~, 1020 + Torrent thowght not fare to fare, + TyAEsAEs wone of them ded bee. f. 93b. + + [Linenotes: + 1011. _sayd_] written above the line. + 1017. _he_] so F. VI; om. MS. + 1018. _he_] _her_ MS. + _croke_] so F. VI; _creke_ (!)A MS. + 1020. _were_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT SLAYS THE GIANT SLONGUS OF FLONTHUS.] + +(89) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent charges, pierces the GiantaEuro(TM)s eye,] + + Thoo wold Torrent no lenger~ byd, + TyAEsAEs the theff gan he Ryde, + Ase fast ase euyr~ he may. 1025 + The theff had non ey but on~, + Soche sawe I neu{er} none, + {Ne}yther~ be nyght {nor} be day. + Thurrow godd{es} helpe and sent Awsden~ + The spere {throw ye and herne gan ren}. 1030 + God send hym the Ryght wey; + Than the theff be-gane to Rore. + AAEsAEs that in~ the sytte wore, + Ouyr~ the wallys they laye. + + [Linenotes: + 1024. _the_] _f_ add. (!) MS. + 1028. _Blyther_ (!) MS. + _nor_] so F. VI; _and_A MS. + 1030. _throw--ren_] _anon he toke to hym_A MS. + 1033. _wore_] so F. VI; _were_ MS.] + +(90) + + [Sidenote: + then spears him throaEuro(TM) the body,] + + Thow the fynd{es} ey were owte, 1035 + Fast he leyd hym a-bowte + AAEsAEs A3/4{a}t somyrr{es} nyght; + He set ys backe to an hyAEsAEs, + That Torrent schuld not come hym tyAEsAEs, + So meche A3/4{a}t theff covd of fyght. 1040 + He bled so sore, I vndyrstond, + Hys croke feAEsAEs owt of hys hond, + Hys dethe to hyme ys dyght. + Torrent to hyme Rane w{i}t{h} a spere, + Thurrow the body he gan hym bere, 1045 + Thus helpe hym god of myght. + + [Linenote: + 1040. _A3/4at_] A3/4e add. MS.] + + [[_Printed A3/4 with superscript e_]] + +(91) + + [Sidenote: + and kills him. Torrent preserves the GiantaEuro(TM)s head.] + + AAEsAEs that in~ the sytte were, + Mad fuAEsAEs nobiAEsAEs chere, + That thys fynd wase Dedde. + Forthe they Ran w{i}t{h} stavys of tre, f. 94a. 1050 + Torrent seyd: aEuro~So mvt I the, + Kepe hole hys hed! + Yf yt be broke, so god me sped, + Yt ys wyAEsAEs the worse to lede.aEuro(TM) + They dyd ase {he} h{e}m b{e}d{e}, 1055 + Mo than thre hunderd on a throng + Yt ys solas Euyr~ a-mong + Whan that he was dede. + + [Linenotes: + 1047. _That alle_ MS. + 1054. _lede_] _Rede_, struck out and _lede_ added in paler ink. + 1055. _That seson they_ MS. + _he hem_] _hyme_ (!) MS. + _bede_] _bad_A MS. + 1057 _put before_ 1056 MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT GOES TO THE CASTLE OF GIANT SLONGUS.] + + [[Linenote 1056-57: _aEurooeMSaEuro printed in italics_]] + +(92) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Calabria feasts him,] + + Than~ the kyng of Calaber ayen~ hym went, + Torrent be the hond he hent, 1060 + To the haAEsAEs he gan~ hym lede + And comaundid squiers t{w}o, + Of h{ys} harnes for to do + And cloth hym~ in another wede. + Waytes on the waAEsAEs gan blowe, 1065 + Knyghtis assemled on a Rowe, + And sith to the deyse they yede; + aEuro~Sir,aEuro(TM) quod the kyng, aEuro~of whens are ye?aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Of Portingale, sir,aEuro(TM) said he, + aEuro~I com heder, to sech my de{de}.aEuro(TM) 1070 + + [Linenotes: + 1062. _two_] _tho_ MS. + 1063. _hys_] _her_ MS. + 1070. _deth_ MS.] + +(93) + + [Sidenote: + and takes him to the GiantaEuro(TM)s Castle. The King of Calabria gives + Torrent the GiantaEuro(TM)s castle,] + + FuAEsAEs curtesly the kyng gan say + {To} Torrent on the oA3/4{ur}e day: + aEuro~WyAEsAEs ye wend with me + A lituAEsAEs here be-side to passe, + There as the Geaunt{es} dwelling was 1075 + His man{er} now for to see?aEuro(TM) + To the casteAEsAEs gan~ they gone, + Richer saw they never none, + Better myght none be. + aEuro~Sir,aEuro(TM) he said, aEuro~be god aAEsAEs-myEt~, 1080 + For thou hym~ slew, A3/4at it dight, + I vouche it saue on the, + + [Linenotes: + 1072. _To T._] _Torrent said_ MS. + 1081. _it_] _is_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT HEARS THAT DESONELL IS TO WED A KING.] + +(94) + + [Sidenote: + and an Earldom. The CastleaEuro(TM)s name is Cardon.] + + aEuro~I yeve {yt} the, s{ir}, of my {h}ond, f. 94b. + And there-to, an erledome of {my} lond, + For soth, ye shaAEsAEs it haue; 1085 + Omage thou shalte none {nor} ffyne, + But euer more to the and thyne, + Frely, so god me saue!aEuro(TM) + Lordys, and ye liston wold, + What was clepud the riche hold: 1090 + The casteAEsAEs of Cardon~, {by sawe}. + Two days or thre dwellith he th{a}re + And sith he takythe {leve} to ffare, + Both at knyght and knave. + + [Linenotes: + 1083. _yt_] om. MS. + _of_] _alle_ add. MS. + _hond_] _lond_A MS. + 1084. _my_] om. MS. + 1086. _nor_] om. MS. + 1091. _by s._] om. MS. + 1092. _there_ MS.] + +(95) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent hears that Desonell is to marry a strange King.] + + By the kyng of P{er}vens he gan gane, 1095 + That he had oute {of preson} i-tane + His son vppon a day. + Gentilmen were blith and ffayn~, + That he in helth was comyn~ agayn~, + That they myght with hym~ play. 1100 + There of herd he, s{er}tayn{le}, + That DesoneAEsAEs wedid shold be + With an vncouth Ray. + And listonyth, lordis, of a chaunce, + Howe he lefte his countenaunce 1105 + And takyth hym~ armes gay! + + [Linenotes: + 1098. _leve_] _the way_ MS. + 1096. _of preson_] om. MS. + 1101. _sertayn_ MS. + 1103. _vnc._] _a_ add. MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS KNIGHTED. DESONELL IS MARRIED.] + +(96) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Provyns knights Torrent.] + + By-fore the kyng he feAEsAEs on kne: + aEuro~Good lord,aEuro(TM) he said, aEuro~for charite, + Yeve me order of knyght! + I wott weAEsAEs, leryd are ye, 1110 + My lordys doughter shaAEsAEs wed be + To a man~ off myght.aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Sir,aEuro(TM) he said, aEuro~I trow, she mone f. 95a. + To the prynce off Aragon~, + By this day sevynnyght. 1115 + Swith,aEuro(TM) he seith, aEuro~that this be done, + That thou be there and wyn~ thy shone, + Gete the armes bryght.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 1110. _ye are leryd_ MS. + 1111. _be wed_ MS. + 1115 and 1118 have changed their place in theA MS.] + +(97) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent has an azure shield with a gold squire on it; and a grinning + dragon of gold on the crest of his helmet.] + + Sir Torrent ordenyth hym a sheld, + It was ryche in euery ffeld, 1120 + Listonyth, what he bare: + O{n} aEure a squier off gold, + Richely bett on mold; + Listonyth, what he ware: + A dragon~ lying hym be-syde, 1125 + His mouth grennyng fuAEsAEs wyde, + AAEsAEs ffyghtyng as they were; + The creste, that on his hede shold stond, + Hit was aAEsAEs gold shynand, + Thus previd he hym~ there. 1130 + + [Linenote: + 1122. _On_] _of_ MS.] + +(98) + + [Sidenote: + He hears that DesonellaEuro(TM)s marriage is certain.] + + Lordys assembelid in sale, + WeAEsAEs mo than I haue in tale, + Or ellis gret wonder were. + There herd {he} teAEsAEs ffor certan~, + That DesoneAEsAEs wed shold be than~, 1135 + That was hym selfe ffuAEsAEs dere. + And whan~ he herd of that ffare, + Wors tydingis than were thare, + Might he none gladly here . . . . . . . + + [Linenote: + 1134. _he_] _l_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT CHALLENGES THE PRINCE OF ARAGON.] + +(99) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent rides into the Hall where Desonell is, and challenges any + one to fight him for her.] + + He wold not in passe, 1140 + TiAEsAEs {at} the myd mete was + The kyng and meny a knyght; + As they satt at theyre {mete} glade, + In at the haAEsAEs dur {he} rade + In armes ffeyre and bryght, f. 95b. 1145 + With a squier, that is ffre; + Vp to the lady ryduth he, + That rychely was i-dight. + aEuro~Lordys,aEuro(TM) he said, aEuro~among you aAEsAEs + I chalenge thre coursus in the haAEsAEs, 1150 + {Or} Delyuer {her} me with right!aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 1141. _at_] om. MS. + 1143. _mete_] om. MS. + 1144. _he_] _they_ MS. + 1151. _Delyuer it me_ MS.] + +(100) + + [Sidenote: + The Prince of Aragon accepts,] + + The kyng of Aragon~ sett her bye, + And he defendid her nobely: + aEuro~I wyAEsAEs none delyu{er} the.aEuro(TM) + His son said: aEuro~So muste I thryve, 1155 + There shaAEsAEs no man just for my wiffe; + But yf youre wyAEsAEs it be, + For her love did I never no dede, + I shaAEsAEs to day, so god me spede: + Be-hold and ye shaAEsAEs se.aEuro(TM) 1160 + aEuro~Alas!aEuro(TM) said DesoneAEsAEs the dere, + aEuro~FuAEsAEs longe may I sitt here, + Or Torrent chalenge me.aEuro(TM) + +(101) + + [Sidenote: + and the lists are made ready. Torrent unhorses the Prince of + Aragon,] + + Trumpett{es} blew in the prese, + Lordys stond on {the grese}, 1165 + Ladyes lay ou{er} and be-held. + The prynce and Torrent th{e}n + Eyther to other gan ren~, + Smertely in that ffeld; + Torrent sett on hym~ so sore, 1170 + That hors and man down~ he bore, + And aAEsAEs to-sheverd his sheld. + So they tombelid aAEsAEs in ffere, + That afterward of VII yere + The prynce none armes myght weld. 1175 + + [Linenote: + 1165. _the grese_] _reugis_ or _rengis_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT BEATS THE PRINCE OF ARAGON.] + +(102) + + [Sidenote: + and he is carried indoors.] + + Torrent said: aEuro~So god me saue, + Other two coursus wyAEsAEs I haue, f. 96a. + Yf ye do me law of lond.aEuro(TM) + Gret lordys stond styAEsAEs, + They said nether good ne yAEsAEs 1180 + For tynding of his hond. + The prynce of Aragon~ in they barr~ + With lituAEsAEs worshipp and sydes sare, + He had no fote on ffor to stond. + Thus thes lordys justid aye; 1185 + Better {they} had to haue be away, + Suche comffort there he ffond. + + [Linenotes: + 1167. _than_ MS. + 1186. _they_] _he_ MS. + 1187. _ffound_ MS.] + +(103) + + [Sidenote: + At dinner, Torrent lays SlongusaEuro(TM)s head on the table.] + + He wold not in passe, + TiAEsAEs they at myd mete was, + On the other day at none. 1190 + His squiers habite he had, + Whan~ he to the deyse yad, + With oute couped shone, + And the hede on~ the bord he laid: + aEuro~Lo, s{ir} kyng, hold this,aEuro(TM) he said, 1195 + aEuro~Or ellis wroth we anon~!aEuro(TM) + They sett stiAEsAEs at the bord, + None of hem spake one word, + But ryght that he had done. + + [Linenote: + 1198. _They spake nether ylle ne good_ add. (!)A MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT CLAIMS DESONELL, AND HALF PORTUGAL.] + +(104) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent proclaims the promise of the King of Portugal to give him + Desonell, and half Portugal, if he slew Slongus.] + + Torrent at the syde bord stode: 1200 + aEuro~Lystonyth, lordyng{es}, gentiAEsAEs of blood, + For the love of god aAEsAEs-myght: + The kyng heyght me his doughter dere, + To ffyght with a ffendys ffere, + That wekyd was and wight, 1205 + To wed her to my wyffe, + And halffe his kyngdome be his liffe, + And after his days aAEsAEs his ryght. [1209] + Lokyth, lordys, you among, f. 96b. + Whether he do me ryght or wrong!aEuro(TM) 1210 + Tho waried hym~ both kyng & knyght. + + [Linenote: + 1211. _&_] _ky_, struck out, add. MS.] + +(105) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Aragon says his son has wedded Desonell. He will be + revenged on the King of Portugal.] + + Tho said the kyng of Aragon, i-wys: + aEuro~Torrent, I wiste no thing of thys, + A gret maister arte thou!aEuro(TM) + The kyng sware be seynt Gryffen~: 1215 + aEuro~With a sword thou shalte her wynne, + Or thou haue her nowe: + For why, my son to her was wed, + Gret lordys to churche her led, [1220] + I take wittnes of aAEsAEs you.aEuro(TM) 1220 + aEuro~Kyng Calamond, haue good day, + Thou shalt i-bye it, and I may, + To god I make avowe.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenote: + 1220. _you alle_ MS.] + +(106) + + [Sidenote: + To settle the quarrel, the Emperor suggests a fight between 2 + Champions.] + + The Emp{er}oure of Rome ther was, + Be-twene thes kyng{es} gan~ he passe 1225 + And said: aEuro~Lordys, as sone, + This squier, that hath brought this hede, + The kyng had wend he had be dede, + And a-venturly gan~ he gone: [1230] + I rede you take a day of {ryghtes}, 1230 + And do it vppon~ two knyght{es}, + And let no man~ be sl{o}n~!aEuro(TM) + Gret lordys, that were thare, + This talis lovid at that fare + And ordenyd tha{t} anon~. 1235 + + [Linenotes: + 1230. _ryghtes_] _Restys_ MS. + 1232. _slayn_ MS. + 1235. _that_] _than_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS TO FIGHT THE GIANT CATE.] + +(107) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Aragon sends to the giant Cate to fight Torrent] + + To the kyng {the thoght} com~ was, + To send vnto Sathanas + For a geaunt, that hight Cate, + For to make hym~ knyght to his hond [1240] + And sease hym~ in aAEsAEs his lond; 1240 + The messingere toke the gate. f. 97a. + Gret othes he sware hym than~, + That he shold ffyght but w{i}t{h} one man~, + And purvey hym he bad + Iryn stavis two or thre, 1245 + For to ffyght with Torent ffre, + Though he there of ne w{a}tt. + + [Linenotes: + 1236. _the thoght_ om. MS. + 1247. _wott_ MS.] + +(108) + + [Sidenote: + on an island for half Portugal.] + + Than take counseAEsAEs kyng and knyght, + On lond that he shold not ffyght, [1250] + But ffar oute in the see, 1250 + In an yle long and br{a}d; + A gret payn~ there was made, + That holdyn~ shold it be. + Yf Cate slow Torent, that ffre ys, + Halfe Portyngale shold be his, 1255 + To spend with dedys ffre; + And yf s{ir} Torrent myght hym ou{er}-com~, + He shold haue halfe Aragon~, + Was better than suche thre. [1260] + + [Linenotes: + 1248. _couns._] _of_ add. MS. + 1251. _brod_ MS.] + +[Headnote: THE GIANT CATE, AND TORRENT, GO TO THE ISLAND.] + +(109) + + [Sidenote: + The Giant Cate comes to an Island.] + + The Gyaunt shipped in a while 1260 + And sett hym~ oute in an yle, + That was grow both grene and gay. + Sir Torrent com~ prekand on a stede, + Richely armed in his wede; + aEuro~Lordyngys,aEuro(TM) gan he say, 1265 + aEuro~It is semely ffor a knyght, + Vppon a stede ffor to ffyght.aEuro(TM) + They said sone: aEuro~Nay, + He is so hevy, he can not ryde. [1270] + Torrent said: aEuro~EviAEsAEs mut he be-tyde, 1270 + Falshode, woo worth it aye!aEuro(TM) + +(110) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent prays for ChristaEuro(TM)s help,] + + aEuro~Sir, takyth houseAEsAEs and shrefte!aEuro(TM) f. 97b. + To god he did his hondys lifte, + And thankid hym of his sond: + aEuro~I{es}u Cryste, I the praye, 1275 + Send me myght and strengith this day + A-yen~ the ffend to stond!aEuro(TM) + To the shipp s{ir} Torent went, + With the grace, god had hym sent, [1280] + That was never ffayland; 1280 + AAEsAEs the lordys of that contre, + Frome Rome vnto the Grekys se, + Stode and be-held on lond. + + [Linenotes: + 1278. This line begins with a big initial letter. + _Torent_] _yode_, struck out, add.A MS. + 1283. _On lond stode and be held_ MS.] + +(111) + + [Sidenote: + and lands in the Island too. The Giant knocks TorrentaEuro(TM)s staff out of + his hand,] + + Whan s{ir} Torrent in to the Ile was brought, + The shipmen~ lenger wold tary nought, 1285 + But hied hem sone ageyn~; + The Giaunt said: aEuro~So must I the, + Sir, thou art welcom to me, + Thy deth is not to layn~!aEuro(TM) [1290] + The ffirste stroke to hym he yaue, 1290 + Oute of his hand flew his staff: + That thefe was fuAEsAEs fayn~. + Tho s{ir} Torent went nere Cate, . . . . . + He thought, he wold hym~ haue slayn~. + +[Headnote: TORRENT KILLS THE GIANT CATE WITH COBBLE-STONES.] + +(112) + + [Sidenote: + and runs into the sea. Torrent shies cobble-stones at him, kills + him,] + + The theff couth no better wonne, 1295 + In to the see rennyth he sone, + As faste as he myght ffare. + Sir Torrent gaderid cobled stonys, [1300] + Good and handsom ffor the nonys, + That good and round w{a}re; 1300 + Meny of them to hym~ he caste, + He threw stonys on hym so faste, + That he was sad and s{a}re. + To the ground he did hym feAEsAEs, f. 98a. + Men~ myght here the fend yeAEsAEs 1305 + Halfe a myle and m{a}re. + + [Linenotes: + 1298. _gad._] _good_ add. MS. + 1300. _were_ MS. + 1303. _sore_ MS. + 1306. _more_ MS.] + +(113) + + [Sidenote: + and he is towd ashore. Torrent is shipt to the mainland.] + + Sir Torent said, as he was wonne, + He thankid I{es}u, Maryes son~, [1310] + That kyng, that sent hym myEt~; + He said: aEuro~Lordys, for charite, 1310 + A bote that ye send to me, + It is nere hand nyght!aEuro(TM) + They Reysed a gale w{i}t{h} a sayAEsAEs, + The Geaunt to lond for to trayAEsAEs, + AAEsAEs men wonderid on that wight. 1315 + Whan that they had so done, + They went to s{ir} Torent fuAEsAEs sone + And shipped that comly knyght. [1320] + +[Headnote: TORRENT WINS DESONELL, LANDS, AND A CITY.] + +(114) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent is awarded Desonell, territory, and the City of Cargon. + Desonell is divorst from the Prince of Aragon.] + + The emp{er}oure of Rome was there, + {The kynges} of P{er}vens and of Calabere yare, 1320 + And other two or thre. + They yaue s{ir} Torent, that he wan, + Both the Erth and the woman~, + And said, weAEsAEs worthy was he. + Sir Torent had in Aragon~ 1325 + The riche Cite of Cargon~ + And aAEsAEs that riche contre; + Archbeshoppes, as the law feAEsAEs, [1330] + Dep{ar}tid the prynce and DissoneAEsAEs + With gret solempnite. 1330 + + [Linenotes: + 1320. _The kynges_] om. MS. + 1321. _other_] _kynges_ add. MS. + _or_] _the_ add.A MS.] + +(115) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Portugal acknowledges Torrent,] + + For s{ir} Torent the fend did faAEsAEs, + Gret lordys honoured hym~ aAEsAEs + And for a doughty knyght hym~ tase; + The kyng said: aEuro~I vnderstond, + Thou hast fought ffor my dought{er} + & my lond, f. 98b. 1335 + And weAEsAEs wonne her thou hase.aEuro(TM) + He gaue to s{aint} Nycholas de Barr~ + A grett Erldome and a {si}marr~ [1340] + That abbey of hym {tas} + For I{es}us love, moch of myght, 1340 + That hym helpith day & nyght, + Whan~ he to the batteAEsAEs {gas}. + + [Linenotes: + 1337. _saint_] _sir_ MS. + 1338. _simarr{e}_] _marr_ MS. + 1339. _tas_] _redith_ MS. + 1342. _gas_] _yode_ MS.] + +(116) + + [Sidenote: + and the Queen is glad. The King of Portugal bids Torrent wait 6 + months and a day for Desonell.] + + Lordys than~ at the laste, + Echone on theyre way paste, + And euery man~ to his. 1345 + The quene of Portingale was ffayn~, + That s{ir} Torent was com agayn~ + And thankyd god of this. [1350] + Than said the kyng: aEuro~I vnderstond, + Thou hast fought for my dought{er} & my lond, 1350 + And art my ward, i-wys, + And I wyAEsAEs not ageyn~ the say; + But abyde halfe yere and a day, + And broke her weAEsAEs with blis!aEuro(TM) + +[Headnote: TORRENT BEGETS TWINS ON DESONELL.] + +(117) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent passes a night with Desonell.] + + Torent said: aEuro~So muste I the, 1355 + Sith it wyAEsAEs no better be, + I cord with that assent!aEuro(TM) + After mete, as I you teAEsAEs, [1360] + To speke with mayden~ DesoneAEsAEs, + To her chamber he went. 1360 + The damyseAEsAEs so moche of pride + Set hym on~ her bed-syde, + And said: aEuro~Welcom~, verament!aEuro(TM) + Such gestenyng he a-right, + That there he dwellid aAEsAEs nyEt~ 1365 + With that lady gent. f. 99a. + +(118) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Norway begs him to come and fight a Giant there.] + + Sir Torent dwellid thare + Twelffe wekys and mare, [1370] + TiAEsAEs letters com hym tiAEsAEs + Fro the kyng of Norway; 1370 + For I{es}us love he did hym p{r}aye, + Yf it were his wyAEsAEs, + He shold com as a doughty knyght, + With a Geaunt for to ffyght, + That wyAEsAEs his londys spyAEsAEs; 1375 + He wold hym yeve his doughter dere + And halfe Norway ffar and nere, + Both be hold and be hyAEsAEs. [1380] + +[Headnote: TORRENT SAILS TO FIGHT A NORWEGIAN GIANT.] + +(119) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent gives all his land to the King for Desonell;] + + Sir Torent said: aEuro~So god me saue, + I-nough to lyve vppon I haue, 1380 + I wyAEsAEs desire no more; + But it be, for I{es}u is sake + A poynt of armes for to take, + That hath helpid me be-ffore. + I yeve the here oute of my hond 1385 + To thy doughter aAEsAEs my lond, + Yf that I end th{o}re.aEuro(TM) + And whan~ he toke his way to passe, [1390] + Mo than ffyfty with hym was, + That fals to hym~ w{o}re. 1390 + + [Linenotes: + 1387. _there_ MS. + 1390. _were_ MS.] + +(120) + + [Sidenote: + leaves 2 gold rings with her,] + + +S+yr Torent to the lady went, + FuAEsAEs curtesly and gent: . . . . . + aEuro~DesoneAEsAEs, haue good day! + I muste now on my jurnay, + A kyngis lond for to fend. 1395 + Thes gold ryng{es} I shaAEsAEs yeve the, + Kepe {them} weAEsAEs, my lady ffre, + Yf god a child vs send!aEuro(TM) [1400] + She toke the ryngis with moche care, f. 99b. + Thries in sownyng feAEsAEs she thare, 1400 + Whan she saw, that he wold wend. + + [Linenotes: + 1393. _Denoselle_ MS. + 1397. _them_] om. MS.] + +(121) + + [Sidenote: + and goes on board ship with his steed and armour. Torrent gets to + Norway.] + + Shipp and takyAEsAEs they dight, + Stede and armo{ur} ffor to ffyght + To the bote they bare. + Gentilmen~, that were hend, 1405 + Toke her leve at theyre frend, + With hym ffor to fare. + Kyng Colomond, is not to layn~, [1410] + He wold, that he cam nev{ur}e agayn~; + There fore god yeff hym~ care! 1410 + So within the ffyfty dayes + He Come in to the lond of Norways, + Hard Contre ffound he thare. + +[Headnote: TORRENT REACHES NORWAY, AND HEARS OF A GIANT.] + +(122) + + [Sidenote: + The shipmen tell him of a Giant.] + + Thus s{ir} Torrent, for soth, is fare, + A noble wynd droffe hym~ thare, 1415 + Was blowyng oute of the weste. + Of the Coste of Norway they had a sight . . . [1419] + Of sayling they were aAEsAEs preste. + So ffeyre a wynd had the knyght, + A lituAEsAEs be-ffore the mydnyght 1420 + He Rode be a foreste. + The shipmen said: aEuro~We be shent; + Here dwellith a geaunt, verament, + On his lond are we {kest}!aEuro(TM) + + [Linenote: + 1424. _kest_] _sett_ MS.] + +(123) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent resolves to land.] + + The maistershipm{o}n~ said: aEuro~Nowe 1425 + I Rede, we take down~ sayle & Rowe, + While we haue this tyde. [1430] + Sir,aEuro(TM) he said, aEuro~be god aAEsAEsmyght, + The giant lieth euery nyght + On~ the mowntayn~ here be-syde; 1430 + My lord the kyng wyAEsAEs not ffyght, f. 100a. + TiAEsAEs he of you haue a sight, + On you ys aAEsAEs his pryde!aEuro(TM) + Sir Torrent said: aEuro~Here my hond! + Sith we be ryven on this lond, 1435 + To nyght wyAEsAEs I ryde.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 1425. _maistershipmen_ MS. + 1429. _lieth_] _here_ add. MS. + 1434. _Torerent_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT LANDS IN THE FOREST OF BRASILL.] + +(124) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent and his knights arm.] + + Sir Torent armyd hym~ anon [1440] + And his knyght{es} euerychone + With sheld and spere in hond. + The shipmen~ said: aEuro~As mut I thryve, 1440 + I Rede, that euery man~ other shryve, + Or that we go to the lond.aEuro(TM) + Sir Torent said: aEuro~As god me spede, + We wiAEsAEs firste se that ffede, + My lord was never f{ail}and! 1445 + Gentilmen, ma{k}e chere good, + For I{es}u love, that died on Rood, [1450] + He wiAEsAEs be oure waraunt!aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 1445. _fleand_ MS. + 1446. _make_] _made_ MS.] + +(125) + + [Sidenote: + They reach the Forest of Brasill. The coward knights flee to the + ship, and leave Torrent alone.] + + In a forest can~ they passe, + Of BrasiAEsAEs, saith the boke, it was, 1450 + With bowes brod and wyde. + Lyons and berys there they ff{a}nd + And wyld best{es} aboute goand, + Reysing on euery side. + Thes men~ of armes, w{i}t{h} trayn~ 1455 + To the shipp they flew agayn~ + In to the see at that tyde; [1460] + Fast from land row they be-gan~, + A-bove they left that gentilman~, + With wyld beestis to haue kyde. 1460 + + [Linenotes: + 1451. _bowes_] _browes_ MS. + 1452. _ffound_ MS. + 1460. _k_ corrected out of _r_.] + +(126) + + [Sidenote: + False tales of Torrent are told to the King of Norway.] + + The shipmen~ of the same lond + Ryved vp, I vnderstond, + In another lond off hold. f. 100b. + To the chamber they toke the way, + There the kyng hym~ selfe lay, 1465 + And fals talis hym~ told . . . . . . + For he wold not the geaunt abyde, [1470] + For aAEsAEs this contrey feyre and wyde, + ThouE he yeff it hym wold. + + [Linenote: + 1465 put before 1464 MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT COMES ON 2 DRAGONS IN A VALLEY.] + +(127) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Norway wants Torrent to come.] + + aEuro~Sir kyng, ye haue youre selfe 1470 + Erlis {doughty be} ten~ or twelfe, + Better know I none: + Send youre messingeris ffar and wyde, + For to ffeAEsAEs the geaunt{es} pride, + That youre doughter hath tane.aEuro(TM) 1475 + aEuro~I had lever to haue that knyght; + With hym~ is grace of god aAEsAEsmyEt~, + To be here at his bane.aEuro(TM) [1480] + FuAEsAEs lituAEsAEs wist that riche kyng + Of s{ir} Torrent{es} ryding 1480 + In the forest aAEsAEs alone. + + [Linenotes: + 1471. _doughty be_] om. MS. + 1476. _that_] _ky_, struck out, add. MS.] + +(128) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent rides up to 2 Dragons.] + + ThorouE helpe of god that w{i}t{h} hym was, + Fro the wyld bestis gan~ he passe + To an hye hyAEsAEs. + A lituAEsAEs while be-fore the day 1485 + He herd in a valey + A dynnyng and a yeAEsAEs. [1490] + Theder than~ riduth he, + To loke, what thing it myEt be, + What adventure tha{re} be-feAEsAEs. 1490 + It were two dragons stiff and strong, + Vppon~ theyre lay they sat and song, + Be-side a depe weAEsAEs. + + [Linenote: + 1490. _thare_] _that_ MS.] + +(129) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent prays to Christ, spears the first Dragon;] + + Sir Torent said thanne + To god, that made man~ f. 101a. 1495 + And died uppon~ a tree: + aEuro~Lord, as thou mayst aAEsAEs weld, [1500] + Yeve me grace, to wyn~ the feld + Of thes ffendys on{fre}!aEuro(TM) + Whan he had his p{r}ayers made, 1500 + Pertely to hem~ he Rade + And one thorouE oute bare he. + Thus sped the knyght at his comyng + Thorough the helpe of hevyn~ kyng: + Lord, lovid muste thou be! 1505 + + [Linenotes: + 1499. _onfre_] _ontrewe_ MS. + 1502. _he bare_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT KILLS THE 2 DRAGONS, AND SEES A CASTLE.] + +(130) + + [Sidenote: + and then kills the second.] + + The other dragon wold not flee, . . . . . + But sho{w}ith aAEsAEs his myght; [1510] + He smote ffire, that lothely thing, + As it were the lightnyng, + Vppon~ that comly knyght. 1510 + There fore s{ir} Torent wold not lett, + But on~ the dragon) fast~ he bett + And over-come that foule wight. + Tho anon the day sprong, + Fowles Rose, mery they song, 1515 + The sonne a-Rose on hyE{t}. + + [Linenotes: + 1507. _shotith_ MS. + 1516. _hyEe_ MS.] + +(131) + + [Sidenote: + He sees a Castle.] + + Torent of the day was fuAEsAEs blithe, [1520] + And of the valey he did hym~ swith, + As fast as euer he may. + To a mowntayn~ he rode ryght, 1520 + Of a casteAEsAEs he had a sight + With towrys hyEe and gay . . . . . . + He come in to an hyEe strete, + Few folke gan~ he mete, + To wis hym~ the way. 1525 + + [Linenote: + 1525. _wish_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT BEFORE THE NORSE GIANTaEuro(TM)S CASTLE.] + +(132) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent rides to the Norse GiantaEuro(TM)s castle gates.] + + To the gatys tho he R{a}de; + FuAEsAEs craftely they were made f. 101b. + Of Irun~ and eke of tree. [1531] + One tre stonding there he ffond: + Nyne oxen~ of that lond 1530 + Shold not drawe the tre. + The Giaunt wrought vp his w{a}AEsAEs + And laid stonys gret and smaAEsAEs: + A lothely man~ was he. + aEuro~Now,aEuro(TM) quod Torrent, aEuro~I {n}ot, whare, 1535 + My squiers be ffro me to fare, + Euer waried th{ey} be! [1540] + + [Linenotes: + 1526. _rode_ MS. + 1529. _ffound_ MS. + 1532. _welle_ MS. + 1535. _wot_ MS. + 1537. _they_] _thou_ MS.] + +(133) + + [Sidenote: + He considers what he shall do, and resolves to fight.] + + aEuro~Lord god, what is beste, + So I{es}u me helpe, Est or Weste, + I Can not Rede to {say}. 1540 + Yf I to the shipp fare, + No shipmen~ ffynd {I} thare; + It is long, sith they were away. + Other wayes yf I wend, + Wyld bestis wyAEsAEs me shend: 1545 + Falshede, woo worth it aye! + I ffyght here, I{es}u, for thy sake; [1560] + Lord, to me kepe thou take, + As thou best may!aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 1540. _say_] _done_ MS. + 1542. _And no_ MS. + _I_] om. MS.] + +(134) + + [Sidenote: + He baits his steed. The Norse Giant prepares to fight.] + + Down~ light this gentiAEsAEs knyght, 1550 + To Rest hym~ a lituAEsAEs wight, + And vnbrydelid his stede + And let hym~ bayte on~ the ground, + And aventid hym~ in~ that stound, + There of he had gret nede. 1555 + The Gyaunt yode and gaderid stone + And sye, where the knyght gan~ gone, [1570] + AAEsAEs armed in dede; f. 102a. + And wot ye weAEsAEs and not wene, + Whan eyther of hem had other sene, 1560 + Smertely {they} rerid her dede. + + [Linenotes: + 1553. _bayte_] _hym_ add. MS. + 1561. _they_] om. MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT GETS ASSURANCE FROM HEAVEN.] + +(135) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent prays to Christ, and is cheerd by a voice from Heaven.] + + For that s{ir} Torent had hym sene, + He worth vppon his stede, I wene, + And I{es}u prayd{e} he tiAEsAEs: + aEuro~Mary son~, thou here my bone, 1565 + As I am~ in venturus s{t}ad come, + My jurnay {to} fuAEsAEs-ffyAEsAEs!aEuro(TM) [1580] + A voys was fro hevyn~ sent + And said: aEuro~Be blith, s{ir} Torent, + And yeve the no thing yAEsAEs, 1570 + To ffyght with my lordys enemy: + Whether that thou lyve or dye, + Thy mede the quyte he wyAEsAEs!aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 1566. _sad_ MS. + 1567. _to_] _than_ MS. + 1573. _He wylle quyte the thy mede_ MS.] + +(136) + + [Sidenote: + The Giant advances against Torrent.] + + Be that the giaunt had hym dight, + Cam~ ageyn~ that gentiAEsAEs knyght, 1575 + As bold as eny bore; + He bare on~ his nek a croke, [1590] + Woo were the man~, that he ou{er}toke, + It was twelfe ffote and more. + aEuro~Sir,aEuro(TM) he said, aEuro~ffor charite, 1580 + Loke, curtes man~ that thou be, + Yf thy wyAEsAEs ware: + I haue so fought aAEsAEs this nyght + With thy II dragons wekyd and wight, + They haue bett me fuAEsAEs sore.aEuro(TM) 1585 + +[Headnote: THE NORSE GIANT, WERAUNT, WOUNDS TORRENT.] + +(137) + + [Sidenote: + The Giant says heaEuro(TM)ll punish Torrent for killing his 2 Dragons and + his Brother Cate.] + + The Geaunt said: aEuro~Be my fay, + Wors tyding{es} to me this day [1600] + I myght not goodly here. + Thorough the valey as thou cam~, + My two dragons hast thou slan~, 1590 + My solempnite they were. f. 102b. + To the I haue fuAEsAEs good gate; + For thou slow my brother Cate, + That thou shalte by fuAEsAEs dere!aEuro(TM) + Be-twene the giaunt and the knyght 1595 + Men myght se buffett{es} right, + Who so had be there. [1610] + + [Linenote: + 1590. _slayne_ MS.] + +(138) + + [Sidenote: + The GiantaEuro(TM)s crook cuts through TorrentaEuro(TM)s shield to his flesh, and + sticks there.] + + Sir Torent yaue to hym~ a brayd; + He levid that the aungeAEsAEs said, + Of deth yaue he no{ught}. 1600 + In to the brest he hym~ bare, + His spere hede lefte he thare, + So eviAEsAEs was hitt {bythought}. + The Giaunt hym ayen~ smate + Thorough his sheld and his plate, 1605 + In to the flesh it sought; + And sith he pullith at his croke, [1620] + So fast in to the flesh it toke, + That oute myEt he gete it nought. + + [Linenotes: + 1600. _nought_] _no dynt_ MS. + 1603. _byth._] _mynt_ MS.] + +(139) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent throws his shield and the GiantaEuro(TM)s crook into the water. The + Giant goes in after them and is drowned.] + + On hym~ he hath it broke, 1610 + Glad pluckys there he toke, + Set sadly and s{a}re. + Sir Torent stalworth satt, + Oute of his handys he it gatt, + No lenger dwellid he th{a}re. 1615 + In to the water he cast his sheld, + Croke and aAEsAEs to-geders it held, [1630] + Fare after, how so euer it ffare. + The Geaunt folowid w{i}t{h} aAEsAEs his mayn~, + And he come never quyk agayn~: 1620 + God wold, that so it ware. + + [Linenotes: + 1612. _sore_ MS. + 1615. _there_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT SLAYS THE NORSE GIANT, WERAUNT.] + +(140) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent rides to the GiantaEuro(TM)s castle,] + + Sir Torent bet hym~ there, f. 103a. + TiAEsAEs that this fend did were, + Or he thens wend. + On hym had he hurt but ane, 1625 + Lesse myght be a mann{us} bane, + But god is fuAEsAEs hend: [1640] + Thorough grace of hym, that aAEsAEs shaAEsAEs weld, + There the knyght had the feld, + Such grace god did hym~ send. 1630 + Be than it nyed nere hand nyEt~, + To a casteAEsAEs he Rode right, + AAEsAEs nyght there to lend. + + [Linenote: + 1626. _But lesse_ MS.] + +(141) + + [Sidenote: + and finds a fair Lady there. Torrent asks for a nightaEuro(TM)s lodging.] + + In the casteAEsAEs found he nought, + That god on the Rode bought; 1635 + High vppon~ a toure, + As he caste a side lokyng, [1650] + He saw a lady in her bed syttyng, + White as lylye ffloure; + Vp a-Rose that lady bryght, 1640 + And said: aEuro~Welcom~, s{ir} knyght, + That fast art in stoure!aEuro(TM) + aEuro~DamyseAEsAEs, welcom~ mut thou be! + Graunt thou me, for charite, + Of one nyghtis so{i}oure!aEuro(TM) 1645 + + [Linenote: + 1645. _socoure_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT IN THE GIANT WERAUNTaEuro(TM)S CASTLE.] + +(142) + + [Sidenote: + The Lady says the Giant Weraunt will kill him.] + + aEuro~By Mary,aEuro(TM) said that lady clere, + aEuro~Me for-thinkith, that thou com~ here, [1660] + Thy deth now is dight; + For here dwellith a geaunt, + He is clepud Weraunt, 1650 + He is {to} the deviAEsAEs be-taught. + To day at morn~ he toke his croke, + Forth at the yat{es} the way he toke, + And said, he wold haue a draught; f. 103b. + And here be chambers two or thre, 1655 + In one of hem I shaAEsAEs hide the, + God the saue ffrome harmes right!aEuro(TM) [1670] + + [Linenotes: + 1650. _Weraunt_] _weraumt_ (?) MS. + 1651. _to_] _of_ MS.] + +(143) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent tells her to come and see the Giant.] + + aEuro~Certayn~,aEuro(TM) tho said the knyght, + aEuro~That theffe I saw to nyght, + Here be-side a sla{d}e. 1660 + He was a ferly freke in ffyght, + With hym faught a yong knyght, + Ech on other laid good l{a}de; + Me thought weAEsAEs, as he stode, + He was of the fend{us} blood, 1665 + So Rude was he made. + Dame, yf thou leve not me, [1680] + Com~ nere, and thou shalt se, + Which of hem ab{a}de.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 1660. _slate_ or _flate_ MS. + 1663. _lode_ MS. + 1669. _abode_ MS.] + +(144) + + [Sidenote: + The Norwegian Princess sees the GiantaEuro(TM)s corpse, and praises his + slayer.] + + Blith was that lady bryght 1670 + For to se that {selly} sight: + With the knyght went she. + Whan she cam, where the Geaunt lay, + aEuro~Sir,aEuro(TM) she said, aEuro~p{ar}maffay + I wott weAEsAEs, it is he. 1675 + Other he was of god aAEsAEs-myght + Or seynt George, oure lady knyEt~, [1690] + That there his bane hath be. + Yf eny cryston~ man smyte hym down~, + He is worthy to haue renown~ 1680 + Thorough oute aAEsAEs crystiaunte.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenote: + 1671. _selly_] om. MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT RESCUES THE PRINCESS OF NORWAY.] + +(145) + + [Sidenote: + She tells Torrent that her Father gave her, as his ransom, to the + Giant.] + + aEuro~I haue wonder,aEuro(TM) said the knyght, + aEuro~How he gate the, lady bryght, + Fro my lord the kyng.aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Sir,aEuro(TM) she said, aEuro~verament, f. 104a. 1685 + As my fader on huntyng went + Erly in a mornyng, [1700] + For{e} his men pursued a dere, + To his casteAEsAEs, that stondith here, + That doth my hondys wryng, 1690 + This Giaunt hym toke, wo he be! + For his love he gevith hym~ me, + He wold none other thinge.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenote: + 1688. _For_ MS.] + +(146) + + Forth she brought bred and wyne, + Fayn~ he was for to dyne . . . . . . 1695 + This knyght made noble chere, + Though that he woundid were [1710] + With the Geaunt strong. + +(147) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent takes her away. Torrent longs for Desonell. The Norwegian + Princess sees her Father.] + + Sir Torrent dwellid no lenger thare, + Than~ he myEt away fare 1700 + With that lady bryght. + aEuro~Now, I{es}u, that made heAEsAEs, + Send me on lyve to DesoneAEsAEs, + That I my trouth to plight!aEuro(TM) + Tho sye they be a forest syde 1705 + Men~ of armes ffaste ride + On coursers comly dight. [1720] + The lady said: aEuro~So mvst I thee, + It is my fader, is com for me, + With the Geaunt to ffyght.aEuro(TM) 1710 + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS WELCOMD BY THE KING OF NORWAY.] + +(148) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent is recognised] + + An harood said anon~ right: + aEuro~Yon I se an armed knyght, + And no squier, but hym~ one: + He is so {big} of bone & blood, + He is the Geaunt, be the Rode!aEuro(TM) 1715 + Som~ seith, he riduth vppon~. + aEuro~Nay,aEuro(TM) said the kyng, aEuro~verament, f. 104b. [1820] + It is the knyght, that I after sent, + I thanke god and seynt IohA+-, + For the Geaunt slayn~) hath he 1720 + And wonne my dought{er}, weAEsAEs is me! + AAEsAEs his men are {a}t{o}ne!aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 1714. _big_] _long_ MS. + 1722. _at._] _tane_ MS.] + +(149) + + [Sidenote: + and welcomd by the King of Norway. His wounds are drest.] + + Wott ye weAEsAEs, with Ioy and blis + Sir Torent there recevid ys, + As doughty man~ of dede. 1725 + The kyng and other lordys gent + Said, aEuro~Welcom~, s{ir} Torent, [1830] + In to this vncouth {thede}!aEuro(TM) + In to a state they hym~ brought, + Lechis sone his woundis sought; 1730 + They said, so god hem spede, + Were there no lyve but ane, + His liffe they wyAEsAEs not vndertane, + For no gold ne ffor mede. + + [Linenote: + 1728. _thede_] _lond_ MS.] + +[Headnote: PRINCESS GENDRES. TORRENT STAYS A YEAR IN NORWAY.] + +(150) + + [Sidenote: + The Princess claims Torrent as her husband.] + + The lady wist not or than~, 1735 + That he was hurt, that gentilman~, + And sith she went hym tyAEsAEs; [1840] + She sought his wound{us} and said thare: + aEuro~Thou shalte lyve and welfare, + Yf the no-thing evyAEsAEs! 1740 + My lord the kyng hath me hight, + That thou shalt wed me, s{ir} knyght, + The fforward ye to fulle ffyAEsAEs.aEuro(TM) + aEuro~DamyseAEsAEs, loo here my hond: + And I take eny wyffe in this lond, 1745 + It shaAEsAEs be at thy wyAEsAEs!aEuro(TM) + +(151) + + [Sidenote: + Her name is Gendres. Torrent stays 12 months in Norway.] + + Gendres was that ladyes name. [1850] + The Geaunt{es} hede he brought hame, + And the dragons {he brought}. f. 105a. + Mene myght here a myle aboute, 1750 + How on the dede hedys they did shoute, + For the shame, that they hem~ wrought, + Both with dede and with tong + Fyfte on the hedys dong, + That to the ground they sought. 1755 + Sir Torrent dwellid thare + Twelfe monythis and mare, [1860] + That ffurther myEt he nought. + + [Linenotes: + 1749. _he br._] _also_ MS. + 1752. _they_] _had_ add. MS.] + +(152) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Norway sends TorrentaEuro(TM)s false Squires to sea, where all + drown, save one.] + + The kyng of Norway said: aEuro~Nowe, + Fals thevis, woo worth you, 1760 + Ferly soteAEsAEs were ye: + Ye said, the knyght wold not com~: + Swith oute of my kyngdome, + Or hangid shaAEsAEs ye be!aEuro(TM) + His squiers, that fro hym~ fled, 1765 + With sore strokys are they spred + Vppon the wanne see, [1870] + And there they drenchid euery man~, + Saue one knave, that to lond cam~, + And woo be-gone is he. 1770 + +[Headnote: DESONELL IS NEAR CHILD-BEARING.] + +(153) + + [Sidenote: + He takes the news to the King of Portugal, and tells Desonell that + Torrent is in Norway.] + + The child, to lond that god sent, + In Portyngale he is lent, + In a riche town~, + That hat{h} hight be her day, + And euer shaAEsAEs, as I you say, 1775 + The town~ of Peron~. + By-fore the kyng he hym sett, [1880] + aEuro~FuAEsAEs weAEsAEs thy men~, lord, the grett, + And in the see {did} they drown.aEuro(TM) + DesoneAEsAEs said: aEuro~Where is Torent?aEuro(TM) 1780 + aEuro~In Norway, lady, verament.aEuro(TM) f. 105b. + On sownyng feAEsAEs she down~. + + [Linenotes: + 1774. _hatt_ (!) MS. + 1778. _the_] _they_ MS. + 1779. _did_] _are_ MS. + _drowned_ MS.] + +(154) + + [Sidenote: + She swoons, and folk see she is big with child. The King of Portugal + declares heaEuro(TM)ll send Desonell and her Bastard to sea.] + + As she sownyd, this lady myld, + Men myEt se tokenyng of her child, + Steryng on~ her right syde. 1785 + Gret Ruth it was to teAEsAEs, + How her maydens on~ her feAEsAEs, [1890] + Her to Couer and to hide. + Tho the kyng said: aEuro~My dought{er}, do way! + By god, thy myrth is gone for aye, 1790 + Spousage wyAEsAEs thou none {bi}de! + There fore thou shalt in to the see + And that Bastard with-in the, + To lerne you ffor to ride.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenote: + 1791. _bide_] _lede_ MS.] + +[Headnote: DESONELL BEARS TWINS TO TORRENT.] + +(155) + + [Sidenote: + His Earls and the Queen pray for mercy for Desonell.] + + Erlis and Barons, that were good, 1795 + By-fore the kyng knelid and stode + For that lady free. [1900] + The quene, her moder, on knees feAEsAEs, + aEuro~For I{es}u is love, that harood heAEsAEs, + Lord, haue mercy on~ me! 1800 + That ylke dede, that she hath done, + It was with an Erlis sonne, + Riche man~ i-nough is he; + And yf ye wyAEsAEs not let her lyve, + Right of lond ye her yeve, 1805 + TiAEsAEs she delyu{er}d be!aEuro(TM) + +(156) + + [Sidenote: + She is delivered of 2 male children like Torrent. Her Father says + she shall be sent out to sea.] + + Thus the lady dwellith there, [1910] + Tyll that she delyu{er}d were + Of men~ children~ two; + In all poyntes they were gent, 1810 + And like they were to s{ir} Torent; + For his love they sufferid woo. f. 106a. + The kyng said: aEuro~So mut I thee, + Thou shalte in-to the see + With oute wordys moo. 1815 + Euery kyngis dought{er} ffer and nere, + At the shaAEsAEs they lere, [1920] + Ayen~ the law to do.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 1807. _Thus the_] so F. VII; _This_ MS. + 1808. _Tyll_] so F. VII; om. MS. + 1810. _all_] so F. VII; om. MS.] + +(157) + + [Sidenote: + She is led from his land. The Queen bewails her daughteraEuro(TM)s fate. + Desonell is sent to sea.] + + Gret ruth it was to se, + Whan they led that lady ffree 1820 + Oute of her faders lond. + The quene wexid tho nere wood + For her doughter, that gentiAEsAEs ffode, + And knyghtis stode wepand; + A cloth of silke gan they ta 1825 + And p{ar}tyd it be-twene hem twa, + Therin they were wonde. + Whan~ they had shypped that lady y{i}ng, [1930] + An hunderid feAEsAEs in sownyng + At Peron~ on~ the sond. 1830 + + [Linenotes: + 1827. so F. VII; om. MS. + 1828. _had sh._] so F. VII; _clepud_ MS. + _yeng_A MS.] + +[Headnote: DESONELL IS SENT OUT TO SEA. SHE REACHES LAND.] + +(158) + + [Sidenote: + She prays to Christ for her children.] + + Whan that lady was downe fall, + On Iesu Cryste dyd she call; + Down~ knelid that lady cle{n}e: + aEuro~Rightfull god, ye me sende + Some good londe, on to lende, 1835 + That my chyldren may crystonyd bene!aEuro(TM) + She said, aEuro~Knyghtis and ladyes gent, + Grete weAEsAEs my lord, s{ir} Torrent, + Yeff ye hym~ euer sene!aEuro(TM) + The wynd Rose ayen~ the nyght, 1840 + Fro lond it blew that lady bryght [1941] + Vppon the see so grene. + + [Linenotes: + 1831 f.] so F. VII; om. MS. + 1833. _clene_] _clere_ MS. + 1834 f.] so F. VII; + _Iesu Cryste, that com vp here + On this strond, as I wenyd_A MS. + 1836. _my ch._] so F. VII; _we_ MS.] + +(159) + + [Sidenote: + She and they reach land. Desonell stills her crying child,] + + Wyndes and weders haue her drevyn~, + Azat in a f{o}rest she is revyn~, + There wyld beestis were; 1845 + The see was eb, and went her ffroo, + And lefte her and her children~ two f. 106b. + Alone with-oute ffere. + Her one child woke and be-gan~ to wepe, + The lady a-woke oute of her slepe 1850 + And said: aEuro~Be stiAEsAEs, my dere, [1951] + I{es}u Cryst hath sent vs lond; + Yf there be any cryston man~ nere hond, + We shaAEsAEs haue som socoure here.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenote: + 1844. _forest_] so F. VII; _ftrest_ MS. + _she is_] so F. VII; _be they_ MS.] + +[Headnote: AA GRIFFIN CARRIES OFF ONE OF DESONELLaEuro(TM)S BOYS.] + +(160) + + [Sidenote: + goes up a mountain,] + + The carefuAEsAEs lady was fuAEsAEs blith, 1855 + Vp to lond she went swith, + As fast as euer she myght. + Tho the day be-gan~ to spryng, + Foules a-Rose and mery gan syng + Delicious notys on~ hight. 1860 + To a mowntayn went that lady ffree: [1961] + Sone was she warr~ of a Cite + With towrus ffeyre and bryght. + There fore, i-wys, she was fuAEsAEs fayn~, + She sett her down~, as I herd sayn~, 1865 + Her two children~ ffor to dight. + +(161) + + [Sidenote: + and finds an Arbour there. A Griffin carries off one of her boys. + She puts the other down,] + + Vppon~ the low the lady ffound + An Erber wrought w{i}t{h} mann{us} hond, + With herbis, that were good. + A Grype was in~ the mowntayn~ wonne, 1870 + A way he bare her yong son~ [1971] + Ou{er} a water fflood, + Over in to a wyldernes, + There seynt Antony ermet w{e}s, + There as his chapeAEsAEs stode. 1875 + The other child down~ gan~ she ly, + And on the ffoule did shoute & crye, f. 107a. + That she was nere hond wood. + + [Linenotes: + 1874. _was_ MS. + 1876. _ly_] _lay_ MS.] + +[Headnote: AA LEOPARD CARRIES OFF DESONELLaEuro(TM)S 2ND BOY.] + +(162) + + [Sidenote: + and sorrows.] + + Vp she rose ageyn~ the rough~, + With sorofuAEsAEs hert and care Inough~, 1880 + CarefuAEsAEs of blood and bone . . . . . . . [1981] + She sye, it myght no better be, + She knelid down~ vppon~ her kne, + And thankid god and seynt Iohn~. + +(163) + + [Sidenote: + A leopard takes her other boy away.] + + There come a libard vppon~ his pray, 1885 + And her other child bare away, + She thankid god there + And his moder Mary bryght. + This lady is lefte alone ryght: + The sorow she made there . . . . . 1890 + +(164) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Jerusalem sees the leopard and child.] + + That she myght no further ffare: [1991] + aEuro~Of one poynt,aEuro(TM) {she sayd}, aEuro~is my care, + As I do now vnderstond, + So my children~ crystenyd were, + Though they be with beest{es} there, 1895 + Theyre liffe is in godd{us} hond.aEuro(TM) + The kyng of Ierusalem~ had bene + At his brothers weddyng, I wene, + That was lord of aAEsAEs that lond. + As he com homward on his way, 1900 + He saw where the liberd lay [2001] + With a child pleyand. + + [Linenote: + 1892. _she s._] om. MS.] + +(165) + + [Sidenote: + Each child has one of TorrentaEuro(TM)s rings. The KingaEuro(TM)s men kill the + Leopard,] + + Torrent had yeve {her} ring{es} two, + And euery child had one of tho, + Hym~ with aAEsAEs to saue. 1905 + The kyng said: aEuro~Be Mary myld, + Yonder is a liberd w{i}t{h} a child, + A mayden~ or a knave.aEuro(TM) + Tho men~ of armes theder went, f. 107b. + Anon~ they had theyre hors spent, 1910 + Her guttys oute she Rave. [2011] + For no stroke wold she stynt; + TiAEsAEs they her slew w{i}t{h} speris dynt, + The child myght they not haue. + + [Linenote: + 1903. _her_] _his lady_ MS.] + +[Headnote: HE (LEOBERTUS) IS ADOPTED BY THE KING OF JERUSALEM.] + +(166) + + [Sidenote: + and take the Child to the King, who christens him aEuro~Leobertus,aEuro(TM)] + + Vp they toke the child y{i}ng 1915 + And brought it be-ffore the kyng + And vndid the swathing band, + As his moder be-ffore had done, + A gold ryng they ffound sone, + Was closud in his hond. 1920 + Tho said the kyng of Ierusalem~: [2021] + aEuro~This child is come of gentiAEsAEs teme, + Where euer this beest hym~ ffond. + The boke of Rome berith wytnes, + The kyng hym~ namyd Leobertus, 1925 + That was hent in hethyn~ lond. + + [Linenotes: + 1915. _yong_ MS. + 1923. _ffound_ MS.] + +(167) + + [Sidenote: + and takes him to Jerusalem.] + + Two squiers to the town~ gan~ flyng, + And a noryse to the child did bryng, + Hym~ to kepe ffrome gr{e}me. + He led it in~ to his own~ lond 1930 + And told the quene, how he it ffond [2031] + By a water streme. + Whan~ the lady saw the ryng, + She said, with-oute lettyng: + aEuro~This child is com~ of gentiAEsAEs teme: 1935 + Thou hast none heyre, thy lond to take, + For I{es}u love thou {sh}oldist hym~ make + Prynce of Ierusalem~.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 1929. _grame_ MS. + 1937. _woldist_ MS.] + +[Headnote: ST. ANTONY GETS THE FIRST BOY FROM THE GRIFFIN.] + +(168) + + [Sidenote: + St. Anthony sees the Griffin and DesonellaEuro(TM)s first boy, whom the bird + lays at his feet.] + + Now, in boke as we rede, + As seynt Antony aboute yede, 1940 + Byddyng his orysoun~, [2041] + Of the gripe he had a sight, f. 108a. + How she flew in a fflight, + To her birdus was she boun~. + Be-twene her clawes she bare a child: 1945 + He prayed to god and Mary myld, + On lyve to send it down~. + That man was weAEsAEs with god aAEsAEs-myEt~, + At his fote gan~ she light, + That foule of gret renown~. 1950 + +(169) + + [Sidenote: + St. Antony takes the boy to his Father, the King of Greece.] + + Vp he toke the child th{e}re, [2051] + To his auter he did it bere, + There his chapeAEsAEs stode. + A knave child there he ffond, + There was closud in his hond 1955 + A gold ryng riche and good. + He bare it to the Cite grett, + There the kyng his fader {s}ett + As a lord of jentiAEsAEs blood, + For he wold saue it ffro dede; 1960 + A grype flew a-bove his hede [2061] + And cryed, as he were wood. + + [Linenotes: + 1951. _thare_ MS. + 1954. _ffound_ MS. + 1958. _sett_] _lett_ MS.] + +(170) + + [Sidenote: + The King sees his son Antony,] + + This holy man~ hied hym~ tyte + To a Cite w{i}t{h} touris white, + As fast as he may. 1965 + The kyng at the yate stode + And other knyght{es} and lordys good + To se the squiers play. + The kyng said: aEuro~Be Mary myld, + Yonder comyth Antony, my child, 1970 + With a gryffon~ gay. [2071] + Som~ of his byrdus take hath he, + And bryngith hem~ heder to me!aEuro(TM) + Gret ferly had thaye. + +[Headnote: HE (ANTONY FITZ-GRIFFIN) IS ADOPTED BY THE KING OF GREECE.] + +(171) + + [Sidenote: + who asks him to adopt DesonellaEuro(TM)s boy as his heir.] + + The kyng there of toke good hede, f. 108b. 1975 + And a-geyn~ his sonne he yede + And said: aEuro~Welcom~ ye be!aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Fader,aEuro(TM) he said, aEuro~god you saue! + A knave child ffound I haue, + Loke, that it be dere to the! 1980 + Frome a greffon~ he was refte, [2081] + Of what lond that he is lefte, + Of gentiAEsAEs blood was he: + Thou hast none heyre, thy lond to take, + For I{es}u love thy sonne hym~ make, 1985 + As in the stede of me!aEuro(TM) + +(172) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Greece agrees, and has the Boy baptized. The Boy is + christend Antony Fitzgriffin.] + + The kyng said: aEuro~Yf I may lyve, + Helpe and hold I shaAEsAEs hym yeve + And receyve hym as my son~. + Sith thou hast this lond forsake, 1990 + My riche londys I shaAEsAEs hym~ take, [2091] + Whan he kepe them~ c{o}n~.aEuro(TM) + To a ffont they hym yaue, + And crystonyd this yong knave; + Fro care he is wonne. 1995 + The holy man yaue hym~ name, + That I{es}u shild hym~ ffrome shame: + Antony fice greffoun~. + + [Linenote: + 1992. _can_ MS.] + +[Headnote: DESONELL BEWAILS HER LOST CHILDREN.] + +(173) + + [Sidenote: + Desonell laments,] + + aEuro~Fader, than~ haue thou this ryng, + I ffound it on~ this swete thing, 2000 + Kepe it, yf thou may: [2101] + It is good in euery {f}ight, + Yf god yeve grace, that he be knyght, + Be nyght {and} be day.aEuro(TM) + Let we now this children~ dweAEsAEs, 2005 + And speke we more of DesoneAEsAEs: + Her song was welaway. f. 109a. + God, that died vppon~ the Rode, + Yff grace, that she mete w{i}t{h} good! + Thus dispar{p}lid are thay. 2010 + + [Linenotes: + 2002. _fight_] _sight_ MS.? + 2004. _Other be_ MS. + _and_] _or forme of_ (!)A MS. + 2010. _disparlid_ MS.] + +(174) + + [Sidenote: + wanders among wild beasts,] + + This lady walkyd aAEsAEs alone [2111] + Amonge wyld bestis meny one, + Ne wanted she no Woo; + Anon~ the day be-gan to spryng, + And the ffoules gan to syng, 2015 + With blis on euery bowEe . . . . . . . + +(175) + + [Sidenote: + and bewails her lost children. Desonell flees from some hunters] + + aEuro~Byrdus and bestis, aye woo ye be! + Alone ye haue lefte me, + My children~ ye {have} slo{ne}.aEuro(TM) + As she walkid than~ a-lone, 2020 + She sye lordis on~ huntyng gone, [2121] + Nere hem~ she yede fuAEsAEs sone. + This carfuAEsAEs lady cried faste, + Than she herd this hornes blaste + By the yatis gone, 2025 + But {ran} in to a wildernes, + Amongist beests that wyld w{e}s, + For drede, she shold be slone. + + [Linenotes: + 2018. _haue_] _a_ corrected out of _e_A MS. + 2019. _have sl._] _slough_ MS. + 2026. _ran_] om. MS. + 2027. _was_ MS.] + +[Headnote: DESONELL FLEES TO THE LAND OF NAZARETH.] + +(176) + + [Sidenote: + into the land of Nazareth.] + + TiAEsAEs it were vnder of the Day, + She went {fro} that wilsom~ way, 2030 + In to a lond playn~. [2131] + The kyng of NaEareth huntid there, + Among the hert{es}, that gentiAEsAEs were; + There of she was fuAEsAEs ffayn~ . . . . . . . . . + + [Linenote: + 2030. _fro_] _in_ MS.] + +(177) + + [Sidenote: + She sees the King,] + + They had ferly, kyng and knyght, 2035 + Whens she come, that lady bryght, + Dwelli{n}g here a-lone. + She said to a squier, that there stode: + aEuro~Who is lord of most jentiAEsAEs blood?aEuro(TM) + And he answerid her anon~: f. 109b. 2040 + aEuro~This ys the lond of NaEareth, [2141] + Se, where the kyng gethe, + Of speche he is ffuAEsAEs bone; + AAEsAEs in gold couerid is he.aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Gramercy, s{ir},aEuro(TM) said she, 2045 + And nere hym~ gan~ she gone. + +(178) + + [Sidenote: + whose Lords greet her. Desonell says that her boys are dead, and she + is left alone.] + + Lordys anon ageyn~ her yode, + For she was com~ of gentiAEsAEs blood, + In her lond had they bene: + aEuro~God loke the, lady ffree, 2050 + What makist thou in this contre?aEuro(TM) [2151] + aEuro~Sir,aEuro(TM) she said, aEuro~I wene, + Seynt Katryn~ I shold haue sought, + Wekyd weders me heder hath brought + In to this fforest grene, 2055 + And aAEsAEs is dede, I vnderstond, + Saue my selfe, that com~ to lond + With wyld beestis and kene.aEuro(TM) + +[Headnote: DESONELL IS WELCOMD BY THE QUEEN OF NAZARETH.] + +(179) + + [Sidenote: + She is taken to Nazareth, and welcomd by the Queen,] + + aEuro~Welcom,aEuro(TM) he said,aEuro(TM) DesoneAEsAEs, + By a tokyn~ I shaAEsAEs the teAEsAEs: 2060 + Onys a stede I the sent. [2161] + Lady gent, ffeyre and ffree, + To the shold I haue wedid be, + My love was on~ the lent.aEuro(TM) + Knyghtis and squiers, that there were, 2065 + They horsid the lady there, + And to the Cite they went. + The quene was curtes of that lond + And toke the lady be the hond + And said: aEuro~Welcom, my lady gent! 2070 + +(180) + + [Sidenote: + with whom she stays.] + + aEuro~Lady, thou art welcom~ here, [2171] + As it aAEsAEs thyn~ own~ were, f. 110a. + AAEsAEs this ffeyre contree!aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Of one poynt was my care, + And my two children~ crystonyd ware, 2075 + That in wood were reft ffro me.aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Welcom art thou, DesoneAEsAEs, + In my chamber for to dweAEsAEs, + Inough there in shaAEsAEs ye see!aEuro(TM) + Leve we now that lady gent, 2080 + And speke we of s{ir} Torrent, [2181] + That was gentiAEsAEs and ffre. + + [Linenote: + 2076. _in_] _the_ add. MS.] + + [[aEuro~Welcom art thou... _open quote invisible_]] + +[Headnote: TORRENT HEARS OF THE EXILE OF DESONELL AND HER BOYS.] + +(181) + + [Sidenote: + Sir Torrent wonaEuro(TM)t stop in Norway, but goes back to Portugal.] + + The kyng of Norway is fuAEsAEs woo, + That s{ir} Torent wold wend hym ffro, + That doughty was and bold: 2085 + aEuro~Sir,aEuro(TM) he said, aEuro~abyde here + And wed my dought{er}, that is me dere!aEuro(TM) + He said, in no wise he wold. + He shipped oute of the kyng{es} sale + And Ryved vp in~ Portingale 2090 + At another hold. [2191] + Whan~ he herd teAEsAEs of DesoneAEsAEs, + Swith on sownyng there he feAEsAEs + To the ground so cold. + +(182) + + [Sidenote: + The false King Calamond of Portugal tells him that Desonell and her + 2 Boys were sent out to sea.] + + The fals kyng of Portingale, 2095 + Sparid the yatis of his sale + For Torent the ffree; + He said: aEuro~Be Mary clere, + Thou shalt no wyfe haue here, + Go sech her in~ the see! 2100 + With her she toke whelpis two, [2201] + To lerne to row wold she go.aEuro(TM) + aEuro~By god, thou liest,aEuro(TM) quod he, + aEuro~Kyng Colomand, here my hond! + And I be knyght levand, f. 110b. 2105 + I-quytt shaAEsAEs it be!aEuro(TM) + +(183) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent gathers an army. TorrentaEuro(TM)s knights] + + Torent wold no lenger byde, + But sent letters on euery side + With fforce theder to hye. + Theder com oute of Aragon~ 2110 + Noble knyght{es} of gret renown~ [2211] + With grett chevalrye. + Of P{er}vyns and Ca{l}aber also + Were doughty knyght{es} meny moo, + They come aAEsAEs to that crye. 2115 + Kyng Calomond had no knyght, + That with s{ir} Torent wold fyght, + Of aAEsAEs that satt hym~ bye. + + [Linenote: + 2113. _Calaber_] _Cababer_ (!) MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT SENDS THE KING OF PORTUGAL TO DROWN.] + +(184) + + [Sidenote: + and he are let into the chief City of Portugal, and resolve to send + the false King to sea] + + There wold none the yatis deffend, + But lett s{ir} Torent in wend 2120 + With his men~ euerychone. [2221] + Swith a counseAEsAEs yede they to, + {To} what deth they wold hym do, + For he his lady had slone. + aEuro~Lordis,aEuro(TM) he said, aEuro~he is a kyng, 2125 + Men may hym~ nether hede ne h{i}ng.aEuro(TM) + Thus said they euerychone. + They ordenyd a shipp aAEsAEs of tree + And sett hym~ oute in~ to the see, + Among the wawes to gone. 2130 + + [Linenotes: + 2123. _To_] om. MS. + 2126. _hing_] _heng_ MS.] + +(185) + + [Sidenote: + in a boat full of holes.] + + Gret lordis of that lond [2231] + Assentid to that com{n}and, + That hold shold it be. + In the havyn~ of Portyngale, + There stode shippes of hede vale 2135 + Of Irun and of tree. f. 111a. + A bote of tre they brought hym be-fforn~, + FuAEsAEs of holis it was born~, + HowseAEsAEs and shryfte {wold} he. + Sir Torent said: aEuro~Be seynt Iohn~, 2140 + Seth thou gaue my lady none, [2241] + No more men~ shaAEsAEs do the!aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 2132. _comland_ MS. + 2138. _boryn_ MS. + 2139. _wold_] _had_ MS.] + + [[com{n}and _printed as shown: error for aEurooecom{m}andaEuro?_]] + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS MADE KING OF PORTUGAL.] + +(186) + + [Sidenote: + The false king Calamond is drownd, and Torrent is made King of + Portugal,] + + The shipp-men~ brought s{ir} Colomond + And sent hym fforth within~ a stound + As ffar as it were. 2145 + Wott ye weAEsAEs and vnderstond, + He come never ayen to lond, + Such stormes ffound he there. + Gret lordys of renown~ + Be-toke s{ir} Torent the crown~ 2150 + To reioyse it there. [2251] + Loo, lordys of euery lond: + Falshode wyAEsAEs haue a foule end, + And wyAEsAEs haue euermore. + +(187) + + [Sidenote: + but he gives the land up to the Queen, and resolves to go to the + Holy-Land.] + + Sir Torent dwellid thare 2155 + Fourty days in moche care, + Season~ for to hold; + Sith he takith two knyght{es}, + To kepe his lond and his right{es}, + That doughty were and bold. 2160 + aEuro~Madam~,aEuro(TM) he said to the quene, [2261] + aEuro~Here than shaAEsAEs ye lady bene, + To worth as ye wold.aEuro(TM) + He purveyd hym~ anon~, + To wend ouer the see fome, 2165 + There god was bought and sold. + + [Linenote: + 2161. _He said madam_ MS.] + +(188) + + [Sidenote: + His arms are 3 silver ships on an azure field. For love of Desonell, + Torrent leaves Portugal.] + + And ye now wiAEsAEs liston~ a stound, + How he toke armes of kyng Calomond, f. 111b. + Listonyth, what he bare. + O{n} asure, as ye may see, 2170 + With sylu{er} shippes thre, [2271] + Who so had be thare. + For DesoneAEsAEs is love so bryght, + His londis he takyth to a knyght, + And sith he is {boun} to fare. 2175 + aEuro~Portyngale, haue good day + For Sevyn~ yere, p{ar}maffay, + P{ar} aventure som~ dele m{a}re!aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 2170. This line begins with a big initial letter. + _Off_ MS. + 2175. _boun_] _home_ MS. + 2178. _more_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT TAKES THE CITY OF QUARELL.] + +(189) + + [Sidenote: + He besieges the City of Quarell for 2 years, and then takes it.] + + Sir Torent passid the Grekys flood + In to a lond both riche and good, 2180 + FuAEsAEs evyn~ he toke the way [2281] + To the {cite} of QuareAEsAEs, + As the boke of Rome doth teAEsAEs, + There a soudan~ lay. + There he smote and set adown~ 2185 + And yaue asaute in to the town, + That w{i}AEsAEs the storye say. + So weAEsAEs they vetelid were, + That he lay there two yere, + Sith in~ the town~ went they. 2190 + + [Linenotes: + 2182. _cite_] _see_ MS. + 2187. _well_ MS. + _says_ MS. + 2190. _And sith in to_ MS.] + +(190) + + [Sidenote: + He has its inhabitants kild, and shares its booty among his men.] + + And tho s{ir} Torent ffound on~ lyve, [2291] + He comaundid with spere and knyffe + Smertely dede to be; + He said: aEuro~We haue be here + Moche of this two yere 2195 + And onward on~ the thr{e}.aEuro(TM) + AAEsAEs the good, that s{ir} Torent wan~, + He p{ar}tid it among his m{a}n~, + Syluer, gold and ffee; + And sith he is boun to ride f. 112a. 2200 + To a Cite there be-syde, [2301] + That was worth such thre. + + [Linenotes: + 2196. _thrid_ MS. + 2198. _men_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT TAKES ANOTHER CITY, AND GOES TO ANTIOCH.] + +(191) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent then besieges another heathen City for 6 years. All its folk + die of hunger.] + + There he stode and smote adown~ + And leyd sege to the town~, + Six yere there he lay. 2205 + By the VI yere were aAEsAEs done, + With honger they were aAEsAEs slone, + That in the Cite lay. + {The} Soudan sent to s{ir} Torent than~, + With honger that thes people be slan, 2210 + AAEsAEs the folke of this Cite; [2311] + aEuro~Yf ye thinke here to lye, + Ye shaAEsAEs haue wyne and spycery, + I-nough is in this contre.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 2209. _The_] _A_ MS. + 2209-14 put before 2203-8 MS. + 2210. _slayn_ MS. + 2211. _thes_ MS.] + +(192) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent kills the Sultan,] + + Now god do his soule mede! 2215 + On the soudan~ he had a dede + Vppon~ euery good ffryday. + I{es}u sent hym strengith I-nough~, + With dynt of sword he hym slough~, + There went none quyk away. 2220 + Down knelid that knyght [2321] + And thankid god with aAEsAEs his myEt~: + So ought he weAEsAEs to say. + The Cite, that s{ir} Torent was yn~, + Worldely goodis he left ther yn~, 2225 + To kepe it nyght and day. + +(193) + + [Sidenote: + goes to Antioch, and fights every good Friday.] + + Sith he buskyd hym~ to ride + In to a lond there be-syde, f. 112b. + Antioche it hight. + Sevyn~ yere at the Cite he lay 2230 + And had bateAEsAEs euery good ffryday, [2331] + Vppon~ the SarEins bryght; + And be the VII yere were gone, + The child, that the liberd had tane, + Found hym his fiAEsAEs off ffyght . . . . . . 2235 + + [Linenote: + 2230-32 put before 2227-29 MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENTaEuro(TM)S SON LEOBERTUS FIGHTS AGAINST HIM.] + +(194) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Jerusalem sends 50,000 knights,] + + The kyng of Ierusalem~ herd teAEsAEs + Of this lord good and feAEsAEs, + How doughtyly he hym bare. + Vppon~ his knyght{es} can he caAEsAEs, + aEuro~Ordeyn~ swith among you aAEsAEs, 2240 + For no thing that ye spare!aEuro(TM) [2341] + They buskyd hem oute of the land, + The nombre off ffyfty thousa{n}d, + Ageyn Torent ffor to ffare . . . . + + [Linenote: + 2243. _thousaid_ MS.] + +(195) + + [Sidenote: + and his adopted son Leobertus (TorrentaEuro(TM)s second boy)] + + The kyng of Ierusalem said thus: 2245 + aEuro~My dere son, Liobertus, + That thou be bold and wight! + Thou shalt be here and defend the lond + From that fals trayto{r}s hond + And take the ordre of a knyght.aEuro(TM) 2250 + He yaue hym armes, or he did passe: [2351] + Right as he ffound was, + O{n} gold he bare bryght + A liberd of asure bla + A child be-twene his armes twa: 2255 + Woo was her, that {se} it {my}ght! + + [Linenotes: + 2246. _Liobertious_ MS. + 2253. _On_] _Of_ MS. + 2254. _blay_ (!) MS. + 2255. _tway_ MS. + 2256. _ffulle woo_ MS. + _se it m._] _it ought_ MS.] + +(196) + + [Sidenote: + against Torrent. TorrentaEuro(TM)s son Leobertus captures him.] + + Sir Torent wold no lenger abyde, + But thederward gan~ he ride; + And to the feld were brought + Two knyght{es}, that were there in stede; f. 113a. 2260 + Many a man did they to blede, [2361] + Such woundis they wrought. + There durst no man com~ Torent nere, + But his son, as ye may here, + Though he knew hym nought. 2265 + AAEsAEs to nought he bet his shild, + But he toke his fader in the feld, + Though he there of eviAEsAEs thought. + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS IMPRISOND IN JERUSALEM.] + +(197) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent is taken to Jerusalem] + + Whan~ s{ir} Torent was takyn~ than~, + His men fled than~, euery man~, 2270 + They durst no lenger abyde. [2371] + Gret ruth it was to be hold, + How his sword he did vp-hold + To his son~ that tyde. + To Ierusalem~ he did hym~ lede, 2275 + His actone and his other wede, + AAEsAEs be the kyngis side; + aEuro~Sir,aEuro(TM) he said, aEuro~haue no care, + Thou shalte lyve and welfare, + But lower ys thy pryde!aEuro(TM) 2280 + +(198) + + [Sidenote: + and thrust into prison, where his son Leobertus hears him lament a + whole year.] + + Fro that s{ir} Torent was h{o}m brought, [2381] + Doughty men~ vppon~ hym~ sought, + And in preson~ they hym~ thro{ng}e. + His son above his hede lay, + To kepe hym~ both nyEt and day, 2285 + He wist weAEsAEs, that he was strong. + Thus in p{re}son as he was, + Sore he siEed and said alas, + He couth none other songe. + Thus in bondys they held hym thare f. 113b. 2290 + A twelfmonyth and som dele mare, [2391] + The knyght thought ffuAEsAEs long. + + [Linenotes: + 2281. _hom_] _hem_ MS. + 2283. _And and_ (!) MS. + _throuEe_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENTaEuro(TM)S SON ASKS FOR HIS FATHERaEuro(TM)S FREEDOM.] + +(199) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent appeals to God who once enabled him to kill Dragons and + Giants.] + + In a mornyng as he lay, + To hym selfe gan~ he say: + aEuro~Why lye I thus alone? 2295 + God, hast thou forsakyn~ me? + AAEsAEs my truste was in the, + In lond where I haue gone! + Thou gave me myEt ffor to slee + Dragons two other thre 2300 + And giauntes meny one, [2401] + And now a man~ in wekid lond + Hath myn~ armo{ur} and stede in~ hond: + I wold, my liffe were done!aEuro(TM) + + [Linenote: + 2299. _flee_ MS.!] + +(200) + + [Sidenote: + His son Leobertus hears him, and promises to get him freed.] + + His son herd hym~ say soo 2305 + And in his hert was fuAEsAEs woo, + In chamber there he lay; + aEuro~Sir,aEuro(TM) he said, aEuro~I haue thy wede, + There shaAEsAEs no man reioyse thy stede, + Yf so be, that I may. 2310 + By oure lady seynt Mary, [2411] + Here shalt thou no lenger lye, + Nether be nyEt~ ne be day; + As I am~ Curtesse and hend, + To the kyng I shaAEsAEs wend, 2315 + And ffor thy love {hym} pray!aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 2313. _Nether be day ne be nyEt_ MS. + 2316. _ffor thy love and pray this nyEt_ MS.] + +(201) + + [Sidenote: + Leobertus asks the King of Jerusalem for Torrent. The King of + Jerusalem grants Torrent to his elder son,] + + On~ the morow whan~ he Rose, + The prynce to the kyng gose + And knelid vppon~ his knee; + aEuro~Sir,aEuro(TM) he said, aEuro~ffor godd{us} sonne, f. 114a. 2320 + The knyght, that lieth in the dungeon~, [2421] + Ye wold graunt hym~ me! + I hard hym say be hym~ alone, + Many Geaunt{es} had he slone + And dragons II or thre.aEuro(TM) 2325 + The kyng said: aEuro~Be my ffay, + Be warr~, he scape not away; + I vouch hym saue on the!aEuro(TM) + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS FREED, AND HONOURD IN JERUSALEM.] + +(202) + + [Sidenote: + who frees him from prison, thoaEuro(TM) still fettering him.] + + The prynce in to the p{re}son went, + Torent by the hond he hent 2330 + Oute of his bondys cold; [2431] + To the casteAEsAEs he brought hym sone + And light ffettouris did hym~ vppon~, + For brekyng oute off hold. + The kyng said: aEuro~Be my ffaye, 2335 + And he euer scape away, + FuAEsAEs dere he shaAEsAEs be sold!aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Sir,aEuro(TM) he said, aEuro~p{ar}maffay, + We wyAEsAEs hym~ kepe, and we may: + There of be ye bold!aEuro(TM) 2340 + + [Linenote: + 2331. _And toke hym oute_ MS.] + +(203) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent dines with the King, and promises to teach his son Leobertus + spearcraft.] + + For he was curtes knyght & free, [2441] + At the mete sett was he + By the kyng at the deyse. + aEuro~Sir, thou haste i-bene + At Iustis and at tornement{es} kene, 2345 + Both in warr~ and in peas: + Sith thy dwelling shaAEsAEs be here, + {I pray}, that thou woldist my son~ lere, + Hys Tymber ffor to asay.aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Sir,aEuro(TM) he said, aEuro~I vnderstond, 2350 + Affter the maner off my lond f. 114b. [2451] + I shaAEsAEs, with outen {delay}.aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 2348. _I pray_] om. MS. + 2352. _delay_] _lese_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT JOUSTS WITH HIS ELDER SON, AND OTHERS.] + +(204) + + [Sidenote: + The jousts at Jerusalem. TorrentaEuro(TM)s son Leobertus breaks 3 shafts on + his Father.] + + The casteAEsAEs court was large w{i}t{h} in~, + They made ryngis ffor to Ren~, + None but they alone. 2355 + Euery of hem to oA3/4{ur}e R{a}de: + Feyrer Tur{na}ment{es} than they made, + Men sye never none. + The prynce in armes was fuAEsAEs preste, + Thre shaftys on~ his fader he breste, 2360 + In shevers they gan gone. [2461] + Sir Torent said: aEuro~So mvt I thee, + A man of armes shaAEsAEs thou be, + Stalworth of blood and bone!aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 2356. _Rode_ MS. + 2357. _Turmentes_ MS.] + +(205) + + [Sidenote: + The jousts last 6 weeks. A Feast is held.] + + Harroldys of armes cryed on~ hight, 2365 + The prynce and that other knyght + No more juste shaAEsAEs thay; + But lordys of other lond, + Euery one to other ffond, + And sith went theyre way. 2370 + Sixe wekys he dwellid there, [2471] + TiAEsAEs that aAEsAEs delyu{er}d were, + That in the Cite {lay}. + Tho they held a gestonye, + With aAEsAEs man{er} of mynstralsye, 2375 + TyAEsAEs the Sevynth day. + + [Linenote: + 2373. _lay_] _were_ MS.] + +(206) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent is declared victor. The King of Jerusalem promises to + support Torrent.] + + Lordis with aAEsAEs other thing + Toke leve at the kyng, + Home theyre ways to passe. + That tyme they yaue Torent the floure 2380 + And the gre with moch honowre, f. 115a. [2481] + As he weAEsAEs worthy was. + The kyng said: aEuro~I shaAEsAEs the yeve + Liffe and lyvelode, whiAEsAEs I lyve, + Thyn armo{ur}, as it was.aEuro(TM) 2385 + Whan he sye ffeyre ladyes wend, + He thought on her, that was so hend, + And sighed and said: aEuro~Alas!aEuro(TM) + +[Headnote: DESONELL IS TOLD OF TORRENTaEuro(TM)S VICTORY.] + +(207) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Nazareth] + + The kyng of NaEareth home went, + There that his lady lent, 2390 + In his own~ lede. [2491] + aEuro~Sir,aEuro(TM) she said, aEuro~ffor godd{us} pite, + What gentilman~ wan~ the gre?aEuro(TM) + He said, aEuro~So god me spede, + One of the ffeyrest knyghtis, 2395 + That slepith on~ som{er} nyght{es} + Or walkyd in wede; + He is so large of lym~ and lith, + AAEsAEs the world he hath justid with, + That come to that dede.aEuro(TM) 2400 + +(208) + + [Sidenote: + tells Desonell that the Victor (Torrent) has an armd Giant as his + crest.] + + aEuro~Good lord,aEuro(TM) said DesoneAEsAEs, [2501] + aEuro~For godd{us} love ye me teAEsAEs, + What armes that {h}e bare!aEuro(TM) + aEuro~DamyseAEsAEs, also muste I the, + Syluer and asure beryth he, 2405 + That wott I weAEsAEs thare. + His Creste is a noble lond, + A Gyaunt with an~ hoke in~ hond, + This wott I weAEsAEs, he bare. + He is so stiff at euery stoure, 2410 + He is prynce and victoure, [2511] + He wynneth the gree aye where. f. 115b. + + [Linenote: + 2403. _he_] _ye_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT AND HIS 2 SONS GO TO A JOUSTING.] + +(209) + + [Sidenote: + The Victor is a Knight of Portugal. The King of Nazareth proclaims a + Jousting.] + + Of Portyngale a knyght he ys, + He wanne the town~ of Raynes + And the Cite of Quarell{e}; 2415 + At the last jurney that was sett, + The prynce, my broders son~ {he mett}, + And in his hond he ffeAEsAEs. + The prynce of Grece leth nere + There may no juster be his pere, 2420 + For soth as I you teAEsAEs: [2521] + A dede of armes I shaAEsAEs do crye + And send after hym~ in hye.aEuro(TM) + Blith was DesoneAEsAEs. + + [Linenotes: + 2415. _Quarellis_ MS. + 2416. _that_] _he_ add. MS. + 2417. _he m._] _was gatt_ MS.] + +(210) + + [Sidenote: + The King of Jerusalem sends Torrent and his elder son Leobertus + toA it. The King of Greece brings the younger son, Antony + Fitzgriffin.] + + This dede was cried ffar and nere, 2425 + The kyng of Ierusalem did it here, + In what lond that it shold be. + He said: aEuro~Sone, anon right + Dight the and thy cryston~ knyght, + For sothe, theder wiAEsAEs we.aEuro(TM) 2430 + Gret lordys, that herith this crye, [2531] + Theder come richely, + Everyman~ in his degre. + The kyng of Grece did {make hym boun}, + With hym~ come Antony ffyE greffon~, 2435 + With moche solempnite . . . . . . . + + [Linenote: + 2434. _make hym b._] _assigne_ MS.] + +(211) + + [Sidenote: + The Jousting is for a lady.] + + aEuro~The kyng of NaEareth sent me, + That there shold a justynge be + Of meny a cryston~ knyght, + And aAEsAEs is ffor a lady clere, 2440 + That the justyng is cryed ffar and nere, f. 116a. [2541] + Of men~ of armes bryght.aEuro(TM) + Gret joye it was to here teAEsAEs, + How thes kyng{es} w{i}t{h} the knyghtis feAEsAEs + Come and semled to that ffyght. 2445 + + [Linenote: + 2445. _semlend_ MS.] + +[Headnote: THE JOUSTS AT NAZARETH BEGIN.] + +(212) + + [Sidenote: + Many folk come to the jousts. They sup and sleep,] + + There come meny another m{o}n~, + That thought there to haue to done, + And than~ to wend her way. + Whan~ they come to the casteAEsAEs gent, + A RoaAEsAEs ffyght, verament, 2450 + There was, the sothe to say. [2551] + Trompes resyn~ on the waAEsAEs, + Lordys assembled in the haAEsAEs, + And sith to souper yede thay. + They were recevid w{i}t{h} rialte, 2455 + Euery man~ in his degre, + And to her logyng went her way. + + [Linenote: + 2446. _man_ MS.] + +(213) + + [Sidenote: + rise, hear Mass, and dine, then mount,] + + The lordys Rosyn aAEsAEs be-dene + On the morow, as I wene, + And went masse ffor to here. 2460 + And ffurthermore w{i}t{h}-oute lent [2561] + They wesh and to mete went, + For to the ffeld they wold there. + After mete anon~ right + They axid hors and armes bryght, 2465 + To hors-bak went thay in ffere. + Knyghtis and lordys reuelid aAEsAEs, + And ladyes lay ou{er} the casteAEsAEs waAEsAEs, + That semely to se were. + +(214) + + [Sidenote: + and begin to joust. TorrentaEuro(TM)s 2 sons joust. The younger, Antony, + unhorses his brother Leobertus.] + + Than~ eueryman toke spere in~ hond, 2470 + And euerych to other ffond, [2571] + Smert boffett{es} there they yeld. f. 116b. + The prynce of Ierusalem~ and his brother, + Eueriche of hem~ Ran to other~ + Smertely in the feld . . . . . . . . 2475 + Though~ Antony ffygryffon~ yonger were, + His brother Leobert{us} he can down~ bere; + Sir Torent stode and be-held. + + [Linenotes: + 2471. _ffound_ MS. + 2472. _there th. y._] _they yeldyd there_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT AND HIS SONS JOUST. HE IS VICTOR.] + +(215) + + aEuro~Be my trouth,aEuro(TM) said Torent thanne, + aEuro~As I am~ a cryston~ man 2480 + I-quytt shaAEsAEs it be.aEuro(TM) [2581] + Torent be-strode a stede strong + And hent a tymber gret and long, + And to hym~ rode he. + + [Linenote: + 2483 put before 2482 MS.] + +(216) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent rides down his younger son. He and his sons are the best + jousters.] + + Torrent to hym rode so sore, 2485 + That he to the ground hym~ bare, + And let hym~ lye in~ the {bent}. + There was no man~ hyEe ne lowe, + That myght make Torent to bowe + Ne his bak to bend. 2490 + They justyd and turneyd there, [2591] + And eueryman~ ffound his pere, + There was caught no dethis d{e}nt. + Of aAEsAEs the Justis, that there ware, + Torent the floure a way bare 2495 + And his sonnys, {verament}. + + [Linenotes: + 2485 f.: + _Torrent so sore to hym rode, + That he bare hym to the ground_A MS. + 2487. _bent_] _ffeld_ MS. + 2493. _dynt_ MS. + 2496. _ver._] _in that tyde_ MS.] + +(217) + + [Sidenote: + Desonell greets Torrent, and swoons.] + + And on~ the morow, whan~ it was day, + Amonge aAEsAEs the lordys gay, + That worthy were, {par de}, + DesoneAEsAEs wold no lenger lend, 2500 + But to s{ir} Torent gan~ she wend [2601] + And knelid on her kne. + She said: aEuro~Welcom~, my lord s{ir} Torent!aEuro(TM) + aEuro~And so be ye, my lady gent!aEuro(TM) f. 117a. + In sownyng than feAEsAEs she. 2505 + Vp they cou{er}yd that lady hend, + And to mete did they wend + With joye and solempnite. + + [Linenotes: + 2499. _par de_] _in wede_ MS. + 2502. _And on her kne she knelid_ MS.] + +[Headnote: DESONELL GREETS TORRENT. HER BEAUTY.] + +(218) + + [Sidenote: + All go to Dinner.] + + Dame DesoneAEsAEs be-sought the kyng. + That she myght, with oute lesyng, 2510 + Sytt with Torent alone. [2611] + aEuro~Yes, lady, be hevyn~ kyng, + There shaAEsAEs be no lettyng; + Worthy is he, be seynt Iohn~!aEuro(TM) + Tho they washid and went to mete, 2515 + And rially they were sett + And s{er}uid worthely, {echone}. + Euery lord in~ the haAEsAEs, + As his state wold be-ffaAEsAEs, + Were couplid with ladyes {schone}. 2520 + + [Linenotes: + 2514. _ffor welle worthy_ MS. + 2517. _echone_] _verament_ MS. + 2520. _schone_] _gent_ MS.] + +(219) + + [Sidenote: + Desonell is the fairest lady. The Kings of Jerusalem and Greece go + to the] + + But of aAEsAEs ladyes, that were there sene, [2621] + So ffeire myght there none bene + As was dame DesoneAEsAEs. . . . . . . . + Thes two kyngis, that doughty ys, + To the Cite come, i-wys, 2525 + With moche meyne {emell}. + + [Linenote: + 2526. _emell_] om. MS.] + +(220) + + [Sidenote: + King of NazarethaEuro(TM)s Castle. Desonell sits by Torrent.] + + To the casteAEsAEs they toke the way, + There the kyng of NaEareth lay, + With hym~ to speke on high~. + At none the quene ete in~ the haAEsAEs, 2530 + Amongist the ladyes ou{er} aAEsAEs, [2631] + That couth moche curtesye. + DesoneAEsAEs wold not lett, + By s{ir} Torent she her sett, + There of they had {envye} . . . . . . 2535 + + [Linenote: + 2535. _envye_] _wonder_ MS.] + +[Headnote: DESONELL FINDS HER TWO SONS BY TORRENT.] + +(221) + + [Sidenote: + She tells the Lords how her Father sent her and her 2 Boys to sea;] + + Whan~ eyther of hem other be-held, + Off care no thyng they ffeld, f. 117b. + Bothe her hert{es} were blithe. + Gret lordys told she sone, + What poyntes he had for her done, 2540 + They be-gan to be blithe; [2641] + And how her {fader} in the see did her do, + With her she had men~ childre two; + They waried hym~ feAEsAEs sithe. + aEuro~Sir kyng, in this wildernes, 2545 + My two children~ fro me revid w{e}s, + I may no lenger hem~ hide. + + [Linenotes: + 2542. _fader_] om. MS. + 2546. _was_ MS.] + +(222) + + [Sidenote: + and how one was carried off by a Griffin, and the other by a + Leopard. Leobertus and Antony are these boys.] + + aEuro~The knyght yaue me ryng{es} two, + Euerich of hem~ had one of thoo, + Better saw I never none. 2550 + A Gryffon~ bare the one away, [2651] + A liberd the other, p{ar}maffay, + Down~ by a Roche of stone.aEuro(TM) + Than~ said the kyng of Ierusalem~: + aEuro~I ffound one by a water streme, 2555 + He levith w{i}t{h} blood & bone.aEuro(TM) + The kyng of Grece said: aEuro~My brother, + Antony my son~ brought me anoA3/4{ur}e.aEuro(TM) + She saith: aEuro~Soth, be seynt Iohn~?aEuro(TM) + + [Linenote: + 2556. _levith_] _yet_ add. MS.] + + [[aEuro~The knyght yaue me... _open quote invisible_]] + +[Headnote: TORRENT INVITES 3 KINGS TO PORTUGAL.] + +(223) + + [Sidenote: + TorrentaEuro(TM)s 2 Sons kneel and ask his blessing. He rejoices in them and + their Mother,] + + The kyng said: aEuro~Sith it is so, 2560 + Kys ye youre fader bo, [2661] + And axe hym~ his blessyng!aEuro(TM) + Down~ they knelid on~ her knee: + aEuro~Thy blessing, ffader, for charite!aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Welcom~, children~ y{i}ng!aEuro(TM) 2565 + Thus in armes he hem~ hent, + A blither man~ than~ s{ir} Torent + Was there none levyng; f. 118a. + It was no wonder, thouEe it so were; + He had his wiffe and his children~ there, 2570 + His joye be-gan~ to spryng. [2671] + + [Linenotes: + 2561. _bothe_ MS. + 2565. _yong_ MS.] + +(224) + + [Sidenote: + and thanks the Kings for taking care of them. He asks the Kings to + Portugal.] + + Of aAEsAEs the justis, that were thare, + A way the gre his sonnys bare, + That doughty were in dede. + Torent knelid vppon~ his knee 2575 + And said: aEuro~God yeld you, lordys ffree, + Thes children~ that ye haue ffed: + Euer we wiAEsAEs be at youre wiAEsAEs, + What jurney ye wiAEsAEs put vs tyAEsAEs, + So I{es}u be oure spede, 2580 + With that the kyng thre [2681] + In to my lond wiAEsAEs wend w{i}t{h} me, + For to wreke oure stede.aEuro(TM) + +(225) + + [Sidenote: + All agree to go. Their ships arrive at Portugal.] + + They graunted that there was, + Gret lordys more and lesse, 2585 + Bothe knyght and squiere; + And with DesoneAEsAEs went + Al the ladyes, that were gent, + That of valew were. + Shippis had they stiff and strong, 2590 + Maistis gret and sayles long, [2691] + Hend, as ye may here, + And markyd in to Portingale, + Whan~ they had pullid vp her sayAEsAEs, + With a wynd so clere. 2595 + +[Headnote: TORRENT, DESONELL, AND THEIR SONS, GO TO PORTUGAL.] + +(226) + + [Sidenote: + The Queen] + + The riche quene of that lond + In her casteAEsAEs toure gan stond + And be-held in~-to the see. + aEuro~Sone,aEuro(TM) she said to a knyght, + aEuro~Yonder of shippis I haue a sight, f. 118b. 2600 + For sothe, a grett meyne.aEuro(TM) [2701] + The quene said: aEuro~Verament, + I se the armes of s{ir} Torent, + I wott weAEsAEs, it is he.aEuro(TM) + He answerid and said tho: 2605 + aEuro~Madam, I wiAEsAEs, that it be so, + God gefe grace, that it so be!aEuro(TM) + + [Linenote: + 2605-7 put before 2602-4 MS.] + +(227) + + [Sidenote: + welcomes Torrent and his friends, and swoons when she sees her + daughter Desonell.] + + A blither lady myEt none be, + She went ageyn hym~ to the see + With armed knyght{es} kene. 2610 + Torent she toke by the hond: [2711] + aEuro~Lordys of vncouth lond, + Welcom muste ye bene!aEuro(TM) + Whan she sye DesoneAEsAEs, + Swith in~ sownyng she feAEsAEs 2615 + To the ground so {gr}ene. + Torent gan~ her vp ta: + aEuro~Here bene her children~ twa, + On lyve thou shalt hem see{ne}!aEuro(TM) + + [Linenotes: + 2616. _grene_] _kene_ MS. + 2619. _see_ MS.] + +[Headnote: TORRENT WEDS DESONELL. HIS SONS MADE HEIRS OF KINGS.] + +(228) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent holds a great feast, and weds Desonell.] + + In the CasteAEsAEs of Portyngale 2620 + A-Rose trumpes {of} hede vale, [2721] + To mete they went on~ hye. + He sent letters ffar and nere; + The lordys, that of valew were, + They come to that gestonye. 2625 + The Emp{er}oure of Rome, + To that gestonye he come, + A noble knyght on~ hyEe. + Whan~ aAEsAEs thes lordys com w{e}re, + Torrent weddid that lady clere, 2630 + A justyng did he crye. [2731] + + [Linenotes: + 2621. _of_] om. MS. + 2629. _ware_ MS.] + +(229) + + So it ffeAEsAEs vppon a day, f. 119a. + The kyng of Ierusalem~ gan say: + aEuro~Sir, thy sonne I ffound + Lying in a libert{es} mouth, 2635 + And no good he ne couth, + Dede he was nere hond: + Wold thou, that he dwellid w{i}t{h} me, + TiAEsAEs that I dede be, + And sith reioyse my lond?aEuro(TM) . . . . . . 2640 + +(230) + + [Sidenote: + He gives his son Leobertus as heir to the King of Jerusalem; and his + son Antony as heir to the King of Greece. Torrent is elected + Emperor.] + + Be fore lordys of gret renown~, [2741] + Torent gaue hym~ his son~ . . . . . . . . + The kyng of Grece said: aEuro~S{ir} knyght, + I yeff thy son aAEsAEs my right + To the Grekys flood: 2645 + Wouch thou saue, he dweAEsAEs w{i}t{h} me?aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Yea, Lord, so mut I thee, + God yeld you aAEsAEs this good!aEuro(TM) + For s{ir} Torent was stiff in stoure, + They chose hym ffor Emp{er}oure, 2650 + Beste of bone and blood. [2751] + + [Linenote: + 2645. _flood_] _I plight_ add. MS.] + + [[_stanza printed with indentation as shown_]] + +[Headnote: TORRENT IS MADE EMPEROR. HE DIES.] + +(231) + + [Sidenote: + Torrent gives his 2 Sons a Sword each. He lies in a fair Abbey.] + + Gret lordys, that there were, + Fourty days dwellith there, + And sith they yode her way; + He yaue his sonnys, as ye may here, 2655 + Two swerdys, that were hym~ dere, + Ech of hem~ one had they. + Sith he did make vp-tyed + Chirchus and abbeys wyde, + For hym~ and his to praye. 2660 + In Rome this Romans berith the crown~ [2761] + Of aAEsAEs kerpyng of Renown~: + He leyth in a feire abbey. + + [Linenotes: + 2654. _And sith her way they yode_ MS. + 2663. _leyth_] _in Rome_ add. MS.] + +(232) + + [Sidenote: + May Christ grant us Heaven!] + + Now I{es}u Cryst, that aAEsAEs hath wrought, + As he on the Rode vs bought, f. 119b. 2665 + He geve hvs his blessing, + And as he died for you and me, + He graunt vs in blis to be, + {Lesse and mare, both old and ying!} Amen. + + [Linenote: + 2669. _Oute of this world whan~ we shalle wend_A MS.] + + +Explicit Torent of Portyngale. + + + + +THE FRAGMENTS. + + +I.[F1] + + [Footnote F1: In HalliwellaEuro(TM)s edition III.] + +[_The King of Portugal plots TorrentaEuro(TM)s death._] + + [Sidenote: + Desonell gives Torrent a Horse which the King of Nazareth had sent + her.] + + [T] . . . est hym vp . . . . 462 + . . . . . chent be for to fle + . . . . . ly ivyll he gone 464 + The kynge of Nazareth sent hym me, + Torent, I wot-saue hym on the, + For better loue I none!aEuro(TM) 467 + + [Sidenote: + The King treacherously asks Torrent to get Desonell a Falcon] + + Afterwarde vpon a tyde, + As they walkyd by the ryvers syde, + The kynge and yonge Torent, 470 + This lorde wolde fayne, that he dede were + And he wyst nat, on what manere, + Howe he myght hym shent. 473 + A fals letter made the kynge + And made a messangere it brynge, + On the ryuer syde as they went, 476 + To Torent, that was true as stele, + If he loued Dyssonell wele, + Gete hir a faucon gent. 479 + + Torent the letter began to rede, + The kynge came nere and lystened, + As thoughe he it neuer had sene. 482 + The kynge sayde, aEuro~what may this be?aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Lorde, it is sent to me + For a faucon shene; 485 + + [Sidenote: + from the Forest of Magdalen.] + + I ne wote, so God me spede, + In what londe that they brede.aEuro(TM) + The kynge sayde, aEuro~as I herde sayne, 488 + . . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . . + In the forest of Maudelayne 491 + + +[Headnote: FRAG. 2. TORRENT GOES TO THE FOREST OF MAUDELAYNE.] + +II.[F2] + + [Footnote F2: In HalliwellaEuro(TM)s edition II.] + + [Sidenote: + Torrent agrees to do it.] + + Than sayde [the] kyn[g] vntrue, 492 + aEuro~And ye fynde haw[k]es of great value, + Brynge me one with the!aEuro(TM) 494 + Torent sayd: aEuro~so God me saue, + Yf it betyde, that I any haue, + At your wyll shall they be.aEuro(TM) 497 + + [Sidenote: + He rides] + + To his squyer bade he thare, + After his armoure to fare, + In the felde abode he; 500 + They armed hym in his wede, + He bestrode a noble stede + . . . . . . . . . . 503 + + [Sidenote: + to the Forest of Magdalen, gets separated from his Squire,] + + Torent toke the way agayne + Unto the forest of Maudelayne, + In a wylsome way; 506 + Berys and apes there founde he + And wylde bestys great plente + And lyons, where they lay. 509 + In a wode, that is tyght, + It drewe towarde the nyght. + By dymmynge of the day 512 + Lysten, lordes, of them came wo, + He and his squyer departed in two, + Carefull men then were they. 515 + + At a shedynge of a rome + Eyther departed other frome, + As I vnderstande. 518 + Torent taketh a dolefull way + Downe into a depe valay, + . . . . . . . . . . 521 + + +[Headnote: FRAG. 3. TORRENT IS TO FIGHT THE CALABRIAN GIANT, SLOGUS.] + +III.[F3] + + [Footnote F3: In HalliwellaEuro(TM)s edition VI.] + +[_The King of Portugal sends Torrent to be kild by the Giant Slogus._] + + [Sidenote: + Torrent sits at the head of a side table. The King asks Torrent if + heaEuro(TM)ll] + + . . . . . . . . . . . . 819 + And the good squyres after h[ym], + That knyghtes sholde be. 821 + As they were a-myddes theyr . . . + The kynge wolde not forgete, + To Torente than sayd he, 824 + + [Sidenote: + do a deed of arms for Desonell.] + + He sayd: aEuro~so god me saue, + Fayne thou woldest my dough[ter haue], + Thou hast loued her many a d[aye].aEuro(TM) 827 + aEuro~Ye, by my trouthe,aEuro(TM) sayd Torente, + aEuro~And I were a ryche man, + Ryght gladly by my faye.aEuro(TM) 830 + aEuro~If thou durst for her sake + A poynte of armes vndertake, + Thou broke her vp for ay.aEuro(TM) 833 + + [Sidenote: + aEuro~Yes,aEuro(TM) says Torrent.] + + aEuro~Ye,aEuro(TM) sayde he, aEuro~or I go, + Sykernes thou make me so + Of thy doughter hende. 836 + Ye and after all my ryghtes + By VII score of hardy knyghtesaEuro(TM) + Al they were Torentes frende. 839 + aEuro~Now, good lordes, I you praye, + Bere wytnes of this day + Agayne yf god me sende!aEuro(TM) 842 + + [Sidenote: + aEuro~Then go to Calabria, and fight the Giant Slogus.aEuro(TM)] + + Torente sayd, aEuro~so may I the, + Wyst I, where my jorney shold [be], + Thyder I wolde me dyghte.aEuro(TM) 845 + The kyng gaue hym an answ[e]re, + aEuro~In the londe of Caleb[e]re + There wonneth a gyaunte wygh[hte] 848 + . . . . . . . . . . . . + Slogus he hyght as I the tolde, + God sende the that waye ryghte!aEuro(TM) 851 + + [[_all lines indented as shown_]] + + +[Headnote: FRAG. 4. TORRENT WILL NOT GIVE UP HIS GIANT-FIGHT.] + +IV.[F4] + + [Footnote F4: In HalliwellaEuro(TM)s edition V.] + +[_Torrent is offerd a Princess of Provyns._] + + [Sidenote: + The king of Provyns warns him against the terrible Giant there,] + + . . . . . . . . . . . + . . . . . . . . . . . + For why I wyll the saye, 917 + Moche folke of that countre + Cometh heder for socoure to me, + Bothe by nyghte and by daye. 920 + There is a gyaunte of grete renowne, + He destroyeth bothe cyte and towne + And all that he may. 923 + As bokes of rome tell, + He was goten with the deuyll of hell, + As his moder slepynge lay.aEuro(TM) 926 + + [Sidenote: + and offers him his Daughter and 2 Duchies. Torrent says he must keep + his troth.] + + The kynge sayde, aEuro~by Saynt Adryan, + I rede, a nother gentylman + Be there and haue the degre. 929 + I haue a doughter, that me is dere, + Thou shalte wedde her to thy fere, + And yf it thy wyll be, 932 + Two duchyes in honde + I wyll gyue her in londe.aEuro(TM) + aEuro~Gramercy, syr,aEuro(TM) sayd he, 935 + aEuro~With my tonge I haue so wrought, + To breke my day wyll I nought, + Nedes me behoueth there to be.aEuro(TM) 938 + + [Sidenote: + Torrent starts,] + + aEuro~On Goddes name,aEuro(TM) the kynge gan sayne, + aEuro~Ie{s}u brynge the saffe agayne, + Lorde, moche of myght!aEuro(TM) 941 + Mynstralsy was them amonge, + With harpe, fedyll and songe, + Delycyous notes on hygh[t]e. 944 + Whan it was tyme, to bed they wente, + And on the morowe rose Torente + And toke leue of kynge and knyght 947 + And toke a redy way. + + +[Headnote: FRAG. 5. TORRENT HEARS OF THE CALABRIAN GIANT, SLOGUS.] + +Fragment V.[F5] + + [Footnote F5: In HalliwellaEuro(TM)s edition IV.] + + By the se syde as it lay, + God sende hym gatys ryght! 950 + + [Sidenote: + reaches Calabria, and hears of the Giant.] + + An hye waye hath he nome, + Into Calabre is he come + Within two dayes or thre. 953 + So he met folke hym agayne, + Fast comynge with carte and wayne + Frowarde the se. 956 + aEuro~Dere God,aEuro(TM) sayd Torente now, + aEuro~Good folke, what eyleth you, + That ye thus fast fle?aEuro(TM) 959 + aEuro~There lyeth a gyaunte here besyde, + For all this londe brode and wyde + No man on lyue leueth he.aEuro(TM) 962 + + aEuro~Dere God,aEuro(TM) sayd Torente then, + aEuro~Wher euer be that fendes den?aEuro(TM) + They answered hym anone: 965 + aEuro~In a castell in the see, + SlogusaEuro(TM) they sayd aEuro~hyght he, + Many a man he hath slone. 968 + + [Sidenote: + The Giant Slogus is in Hungary.] + + We wote full well, where he doth ly + Byfore the cyte of Hungry,aEuro(TM) + . . . . . . . . . . 971 + + +[Headnote: FRAG. 6. TORRENT FIGHTS A GIANT. DESONELL HAS TWINS.] + +VI.[F6] + + [Footnote F6: Printed in _Englische Studien_, VII. p. 347A f.] + +[_Torrent fights the Giant._] + + [Sidenote: + The giant says heaEuro(TM)ll wring TorrentaEuro(TM)s nose. His Crook is 13 ft. long. + Torrent charges, pierces the GiantaEuro(TM)s eye, and makes him roar.] + + . . . . . . all the wrynge, 1014 + . . . . . . . . lynge + . . . . . . . . . thou the 1016 + . . . . . . . . he toke, + . . . . . . . . bare a croke + . . . . . . . . te longe and thre 1019 + . . . . . . ever so longe were + . . . . . . . . had no fere + . . . . yd darste thou come nere 1022 + . . . . . nte nolengre a-byde + . . . . . nte wolde he ryde + . . . . ghte. 1025 + . . . . one eye but one, + . . . . . . neuer none, + . . . nor by nyght. 1028 + . . . . lpe of god of heuen, + . . . . . herin euen, + . . . . . . . . . . . . 1031 + . . . . gan to rore, + . . . . the cyte wore, + . . . ay. 1034 + . . . . es eyen were oute + . . . . . . . . boute + . . . . . . . . . . . 1037 + + [[_all line-initial dots are printed as shown; for the most + accurate reproduction, use a fixed-pitch font_]] + + +[Headnote: FRAG. 7. DESONELL AND HER TWINS ARE SENT TO SEA.] + +VII.[F7] + + [Footnote F7: In HalliwellaEuro(TM)s edition I.] + +[_Desonell bears twins. All are sent out to sea. They reach land._] + + [Sidenote: + Desonell is delivered of 2 male children like Torrent. Her Father + says she shall be sent out to sea.] + + Thus the lady dwelled there, 1807 + Tyll that she delyuered were + Of men chyldren two. 1809 + Of all poyntes were they gent, + Lyke were they to Sir Torent, + For his loue suffred they wo. 1812 + The kynge sayd, aEuro~so mote I the, + Thou shalt into the se + Without wordes mo. 1815 + Every kynges doughter fer and nere + At the they shall lere, + Agaynst right to do!aEuro(TM) 1818 + + [Sidenote: + She is led from his land. The Queen bewails her daughteraEuro(TM)s fate.] + + Great ruthe it was to se, + Whan they led that lady fre + Out of hir faders lande. 1821 + The quene, hir moder, was nere wode + For hir doughter, that gentyll fode, + Knyghtes stode wepynge.[F8] 1824 + + [Footnote F8: wepande.] + + [Sidenote: + Desonell is sent to sea.] + + A clothe of sylke toke they tho, + And departed it bytwene the chyldren two, + Therin they were wonde. 1827 + Whan they had shypped that gentyll thynge, + Anone she fell in swownynge + At Peron on the sonde. 1830 + Whan that lady was downe fall, + On Iesu Cryste dyd she call. + To defende hir with his honde: 1833 + + [Sidenote: + She prays to Christ for her children.] + + aEuro~Rightfull God, ye me sende + Some good londe on to lende, + That my chyldren may crystened be[n].aEuro(TM) 1836 + She sayd, aEuro~ladyes fayre and gent, + Great well my lorde Sir Torent, + Yf euer ye hym se[n]!aEuro(TM) 1839 + The wynde arose on the myght, + Fro the londe it blewe that lady bryght + Into the se so grene. 1842 + +[Headnote: FRAG. 7. DESONELL AND HER TWINS REACH LAND.] + + [Sidenote: + Desonell and her twin babes reach land. She stills her crying + child,] + + Wyndes and weders hathe hir dryuen, + That in a forest she is aryuen, + Where wylde bestys were. 1845 + The se was ebbe and went hem fro + And left hir and hir chyldren two + [Alo]ne without any fere. 1848 + Hir one chylde began to wepe, + The lady awoke out of hir slepe + And sayde, aEuro~be styll, my dere, 1851 + Ihesu Cryste hathe sent vs lande, + Yf there be any Crysten man at hande, + We shall haue socoure here.aEuro(TM) 1854 + + [Sidenote: + goes up a mountain, and sits down.] + + The carefull lady then was blythe, + To the londe she went full swythe, + As fast as she myght. 1857 + Tyll the day began to sprynge, + Foules on trees merely gan synge + Delicyous notes on hyght. 1860 + To a hyll went that lady fre, + Where she was ware of a cyte + With toures fayre and bryght. 1863 + Therof I-wys she was fayne, + She set hir downe, as I herd sayne, + Hir chyldren for to dyght. 1866 + + + + +NOTES. + + +PAGE 1, line 12. Cf. ll. 118, 187, 190, 198, 558, 924, 1924, 2183. So in +_Eglamour_ (Thornton Romances), l. 408: + + aEuro~The boke of Rome thus can telle,aEuro(TM) + +and _The Erl of Tolouse_, ed. LA1/4dtke, l. 1219: + + aEuro~Yn Rome thys geste cronyculyd ys.aEuro(TM) + +See HalliwellaEuro(TM)s and LA1/4dtkeaEuro(TM)s notes to these passages. I agree with both +of them, that an expression like that does not earnestly refer the +reader to a Latin or Italian source of the story; there is evidently no +difference at all between _in Rome_ and _in romance_. + +p. 1, l. 15. _wyght_ has been inserted instead of _dowghtty_ in order to +restore the rhyme with _hyght_, _knyght_, _myght_; cf. _Havelok_, ed. +Skeat, l. 344: + + aEuro~He was fayr man and wicth.aEuro(TM) + +p. 1, l. 17 = _Ipomadon_, l. 63. Parallel passages to this hyperbolic +expression are collected in KAlbingaEuro(TM)s note to this line (p.A 364). + +p. 1, l. 24. We find the same idea as here, viz. that nobody can resist +the will of God, who has power over death and life, in _Sir Tristrem_, +ll. 236A ff.: + + aEuro~Azat leuedi, nouEt to lain, + For soA3/4e ded is sche! + Who may be ogain? + As god wil, it schal be, + VnbliA3/4e.aEuro(TM) + +p. 2, l. 28. I have not met with the verb _fesomnen_ anywhere else, and +it is not mentioned in Stratmann and MAtzner. Halliwell, Dictionary, +p.A 354, explains it by aEuro~feoffed, gave in fee,aEuro(TM) doubtless regarding this +very passage, although he doesnaEuro(TM)t cite it; might _fesomnyd_ not be a +corruption from _sesyd_? cf. _Havelok_, ll. 250A f.: + + aEuro~Azat he ne dede al Engelond + Sone sayse intil his hond.aEuro(TM) + +Hall writes to me on this word as follows: _fesomnyd_ is, IA am +convinced, not a word at all, but a scribeaEuro(TM)s error for _festonyd_ or +_festnyd_ = confirmed, fixed. Comp. aEuro(TM)_And A3/4at ich hym wolde myd trewA3/4e +siker faste on honde_,aEuro(TM) Robert of Gloucester (Hearne), p.A 150. For this +use of _fasten, fastnen_, comp. aEuro(TM)_But my forwarde with A3/4e I festen on +A3/4is wyse_,aEuro(TM) Alliterative Poems, p.A 47, l. 327: aEuro(TM)_& folden fayth to A3/4at +fre, festned so harde_,aEuro(TM) Sir Gawayne, p.A 57, l. 1783: aEuro(TM)_And A3/4is forward, +in faith, IA festyn with hond_,aEuro(TM) Destruction of Troy, p.A 22, l. 636. See +also JamiesonaEuro(TM)s Scottish Dictionary, ii. p.A 216, under _to Fest_. + +p. 2, l. 30. I am by no means sure that _fede_ is the original reading, +but I wasnaEuro(TM)t able to find a better word rhyming with _dedde_, _wede_; +even the _ne._ aEuro~feedaEuro(TM) means _pasture_, and that is what we expect here. + +p. 2, l. 31. For my correction cf. LA1/4dtkeaEuro(TM)s note to _The Erl of +Tolouse_, l. 199, sub 2; _Eglam._, l.A 26: + + aEuro~That was a maydyn as whyte as fome,aEuro(TM) + +_Ib._ l. 683: + + aEuro~Crystyabelle as whyte as fome,aEuro(TM) + +where the _Percy Folio MS._ reads: + + aEuro~Christabell that was as faire as sunn;aEuro(TM) + +_Chronicle of England_, l. 75 f.: + + aEuro~Ant nomeliche to thy lemmon, + That ys wyttore then the fom.aEuro(TM) + +p. 2, l. 50. The alteration of _And_ and _bee_ into _An_ and _see_ +seemed necessary; _sayment_ is like Fr. _essaiement_, Lat. +_exagimentum_. + +p. 3, l. 59. Cf. l. 1216 f. and _The Lyfe of Ipomydon_, ed. KAlbing, +l. 1795: + + aEuro~If thou hyr haue, thou shalt hyr bye.aEuro(TM) + +p. 3, l. 77 f. As half of the stanza is lost, it is impossible to make +out to whom _they_ refers. Nor do I believe that l. 78 is correct, +especially as to _chaunce_. + +p. 3, l. 79. Cf. _Ipomadon_, ed. KAlbing, l. 8123: + + aEuro~A myle wyth in the Grekes see.aEuro(TM) + +p. 3, l. 80. _in an yle_ is certainly the correct reading; _mauyle_ was +introduced by a scribe who supposed it to be the giantaEuro(TM)s name; but that +is mentioned some twenty lines later. + +p. 5, l. 136. The correction of _lyght_ into _ryght_ I owe to Hall, who +refers me to the legend of _Sancta Maria Egyptiaca_; cf. f. i. BarbouraEuro(TM)s +_Legends of Saints_, ed. Horstmann, I. p.A 143A ff. + +p. 6, l. 153. _nowyd_ = aEuro~anoyedaEuro(TM) gives a poor sense. Hall suggests +_nowtyd_; cf. E. D. S., No. 6, RayaEuro(TM)s _North Country Words_, p.A 59, +_note_, to push, strike or soar, with the horn, as a bull or ram,aEuro(TM) ab. +A.S. _huitan_, ejusdem significationis. The word might then mean +aEuro~spurred.aEuro(TM) + +p. 6, l. 171 = l. 596. This alliterative binding is a very frequent one; +cf. _Sir Orfeo_, ed. Zielke, p.A 9. + +p. 7, l. 188. The same rhyme, which I have restored here, occurs +l. 559A f. + +p. 7, l. 190. _Yt tellythe_ = _Yt is told_; cf. LA1/4dtke, note to _The Erl +of Tolouse_, l. 1070, and Sarrazin, note to _Octavian_, l. 1749. + +p. 9, l. 236. I was about to write, _Crystyn men thow they were_, +referring this line to the guardians of the lions; but, no doubt, HallaEuro(TM)s +reconstruction of the line, which I have put into the text, is far +better. + +p. 9, l. 237. _Hys browys wexe bla_, i.e. he turned pale, he was struck +with fear; cf. _bloo askes_, P. Pl., l. 1553, and the German _aschfahl_. +Quite a similar expression occurs in _Perceval_, l. 687A f.: + + aEuro~Now sone of that salle wee see, + Whose browes schalle blakke.aEuro(TM) + +_Ib._ l. 1056: + + aEuro~His browes to blake.aEuro(TM) + +p. 9, l. 245. Though _syghyng_ gives no offence, still it may be, that +the author has written _syngyng_, and the scribe was wrong in altering +it; cf. ZupitzaaEuro(TM)s note to _Guy_, l. 5424. + +p. 9, l. 251. Cf. l. 802, 1204, _Ipomadon_, l. 6481 f.: + + aEuro~Your nece of Calabyre, that lady clere, + Ys bovnden wyth a fendes fere.aEuro(TM) + +_ReliquiA| AntiquA|_, i. p. 241: + + aEuro~He seith bi niEte and eke bi day, + That hy beth fendes ifere.aEuro(TM) + +p. 10, l. 265 f. The reading of these two lines is quite destroyed by +the careless scribe. My correction is not more than an attempt to +restore the rhyme. + +p. 10, l. 277 ff. There is nothing in TorrentaEuro(TM)s words which could lead +the princess to a conclusion like that. IA think that after l. 276 one +stanza is wanting. + +p. 11, l. 286-8. As to the contents of these lines, KAlbing refers me to +_Englische studien_, vol. IV. p.A 133 f., where F. Liebrecht mentions a +passage in _Sir Beves of Hamtoun_, according to which a kingaEuro(TM)s +daughter,--if she is a pure virgin,--can never be hurt by a lion. Here +we have another proof for this remarkable bit of folk-lore. + +p. 11, l. 292 = l. 329. + +p. 11, l. 303 = l. 342. + +p. 11, l. 305. I am not quite sure whether I was right in substituting +the princeaEuro(TM)s name--which is mentioned once more, the first time, as it +were, l. 341--for the name of his fatheraEuro(TM)s kingdom; but I didnaEuro(TM)t see any +other way of restoring the rhyme. + +p. 12, l. 311. Cf. l. 469 and SkeataEuro(TM)s note to _Sir Thopas_, l. 1927. + +p. 12, l. 334. Instead of _he_ I should prefer to read _they_: Torrent +has just admonished the prisoners to cheerA up. + +p. 13, l. 344. There must be something wrong in this line, because the +name of the third EarlaEuro(TM)s son is missing; to write _the third_ instead of +_of_ may not suffice to put the text right; even the names _Torren_ and +_Berweyne_ seem to me very suspicious. + +p. 14, l. 379. Cf. _Ipomadon_, l. 4245, _for Crystys dede_; _Crystys_ +was substituted by KAlbing for _mannes_, which is clearly wrong; he +could as well have chosen _godes_. + +p. 15, l. 393 ff. Cf. KAlbingaEuro(TM)s note to _Tristrem_, l. 736. + +p. 16, l. 427. Of this allusion to Veland, Halliwell treats in his +edition of _Sir Torrent_, p.A vii f. Cf. Zupitza, _Ein zeugnis fA1/4r die +Wieland-sage_, _Zeitschrift fA1/4r deutsches Alterthum_, Vol. XIX, +p.A 129A f. + +p. 16, l. 429-31. The line which follows l. 429 in the MS. is +superfluous; it damages the metre; and the rhyme with l. 430 wonaEuro(TM)t do. +The old king wishes to say; aEuro~IA have seen the day when, if this sword +wielded by me fell on any one, he was considered done for, doomed to +death.aEuro(TM) Therefore l. 431, _IA fawght therfor I told_ has been corrected +into _Fawe they were I-told_. The scribe did not understand the +obsolescent word _fawe_ or _faye_, so he wrote the nearest word to it to +make sense, _I-told_ = aEuro~held, considered.aEuro(TM)--I. Hall. + +p. 17, l. 458. Cf. BreulaEuro(TM)s note to _Sir Gowther_, l. 410. + +p. 17, l. 465. Cf. l. 2061 f. + +p. 20, l. 542. The scribe, who evidently didnaEuro(TM)t know the pretty rare +word _clow_, has spoilt it to _colod_, or _colvd_; the same rhyme, +_clouE_, _drouE_, _anouE_ occurs in _Sir Tristrem_, l. 1761 ff. Nor did +the scribe know the word _swowe_ = aEuro~noise,aEuro(TM) and changed it to _swayne_; +cf. Hall. Dict., p.A 843: _He come to him with a swowe_. + +p. 20, l. 543. _Of and on_, off and on, intermittently. + +p. 21, l. 555. _schyld_ is not to the point here, Torrent having only +his sword at hand. The scribe has forgotten what he has said himself, +l. 526 and 549; cf. l. 652. + +p. 21, l. 582-4. We meet with this description twice more in the poem, +ll. 1514-16, and ll. 1858-60. + +p. 23, l. 640. On the meaning of _theff_, cf. KAlbingaEuro(TM)s note to _Am. and +Amil._, l. 787. + +p. 24, l. 659. _of Perowne_ is certainly wrong, as it does not agree +with the rhymes _stere_, _nere_, _fere_; but I donaEuro(TM)t know how to amend +the line. + +p. 24, l. 662. _schere_ gives no meaning; I write _stere_ and translate, +There might nobody move further, _i.e._ the giant was brought to a +standstill in the glen. + +p. 24, l. 665. Cf. ll. 434, 791. + +p. 25, l. 688. Cf. _Eglam._, l. 324: + + aEuro~And to [the] herte hym bare.aEuro(TM) + +The weak preterit tense of _berien_ is very rare; if _bere_ = A.S. +_beran_ sometimes has the same meaning, _i.e._ aEuro~to strike,aEuro(TM) the reason +is that A.S. _beran_ and Icel. _berja_ are confounded. + +p. 25, l. 696. _woo_ can hardly stand for _wood_. It seems to me like a +last corruption of an old romance phrase, like _worthy inwith wall +(woEe)_; possibly the line was simply so: _Thus in II journeys Torrent +so_.--Hall. + +p. 25, l. 700. On the use of M.E. _fote_ as a plural see ZupitzaaEuro(TM)s note +to _Guy_, l. 598. + +p. 26, l. 722. Hall suggests, the original phrase may have been: _pomely +whyt and grey_; cf. Chaucer, _C.A T._, Prol., l. 615A f.: + + aEuro~This reeve sat vpon a ful good stot, + That was al {pomely gray}, and highte Scot.aEuro(TM) + +p. 27, l. 744. Cf. l. 788. On _St. James_ cf. KAlbingaEuro(TM)s note to _Am. and +Amil._, l. 796. + +p. 29, l. 808 f. aEuro~In so dangerous conditions he has been before [and +still come back safe], so he will come back even this time.aEuro(TM) + +p. 29, l. 819. On the meaning of the phrase aEuro(TM)_the bord beginne_,aEuro(TM) cf. +KAlbing, _Englische studien_, III. p.A 104, and Zupitza, _Anglia_, III. +p.A 370A f. + +p. 30, l. 838. This stanza being incomplete, I think, the lacuna is to +be put after l. 838. The missing three lines contained the fact, that +the king promises Torrent, before his knights, that, when he has done +this deed, he will give him his daughter, and grant him one half of his +kingdom during his life, and the whole afterwards; cf. l. 1206 ff. The +odd number of XXVII knights is probably due only to the scribe; cf. F. +III: _By VII score of hardy knyghtes_. + +p. 31, l. 867 f. These two lines are poor, and the rhyme is very bad; +l. 868 may have run originally, _Thurrow Pervyns, for sothe, it ley_; +cf. l. 949. + +p. 32, l. 901. _squyere_, although very odd at the first sight, may +still be right; Torrent says: aEuro~The only squier that I took with me for +this journey, is my swordaEuro(TM); cf. l. 909. + +p. 33, l. 922. Cf. KAlbingaEuro(TM)s note to _Ipomadon_, l. 3344. + +p. 33, l. 924-6. On the story of a child, begotten by a devil on a +sleeping woman, cf. Breul, _Sir Gowther_, p.A 119A f. + +p. 34, l. 954 ff. Cf. _Tristrem_, l. 1409 ff.: + + aEuro~Out of Deuelin toun + Aze folk wel fast ran, + In a water to droun, + So ferd were A3/4ai A3/4an.aEuro(TM) + +p. 34, l. 963 f. Cf. _Beves of Hamtoun_, l. 187 f.: + + aEuro~Madame, a seide, for loue myn, + Whar mai ich finde A3/4at wilde swin?aEuro(TM) + +p. 36, l. 1000. Instead of _spere_ perhaps we ought to read _sworde_. + +p. 37, l. 1030 f. If we compare the rests of these lines in F. VI., this +reading or a similar one is to be expected. The reading of l. 1029 ff. +in the fragments may be completed so: _[Thourgh the he]lpe of god of +heuen Thorough ye and] herin euen God send the spere the right way_. + +p. 36, l. 1033 f. Cf. ll. 1166, 2468 f., and KAlbingaEuro(TM)s note to _Sir +Tristrem_, l. 69A f. + +p. 38, l. 1070. aEuro~I came hither to seek my death,aEuro(TM) _i.e._ this expedition +was so dangerous, that I expected to die. + +p. 38, l. 1076. Cf. _Ipomadon_, l. 239 f.: + + aEuro~Tyll vncovth contreys will I wende, + The maner wille I see.aEuro(TM) + +p. 39, l. 1081. _is_ was to be corrected into _it_: aEuro~Because you slew +him that possessedA it.aEuro(TM) + +p. 39, l. 1086. This line, according to HallaEuro(TM)s emendation, means: You +owe no homage or feudal due, the manor is yours and your heirsaEuro(TM) for +ever; _i.e._ the manor is in fee simple, and free from any feudal +obligation. + +p. 39, st. 95. The text would be improved by putting ll. 1104-6 before +1101-3, although this transposition is not absolutely necessary. + +p. 39, l. 1105. _lefte_ may be a mistake for _loste_; cf. _Gower_, I. +207: + + aEuro~Contenaunce for a A3/4rowe + He loste.aEuro(TM) + +p. 40, l. 1117. Cf. RitsonaEuro(TM)s _Met. Rom._, III. p. 341 f., and ZupitzaaEuro(TM)s +note to _Guy_, l. 436. + +p. 40, l. 1121. _he bare_ looks rather suspicious, but it is supported +by l. 2169. The author is about to describe the figures inlaid on the +shield. Cf. _Eglamour_, l. 1030A f.: + + aEuro(TM)_He bare_ in azure[N1] a grype of golde, + Rychely beton on the molde.aEuro(TM) + + [Footnote N1: So _Percy Fol. MS._; _aserre_ Thornt.] + +p. 40, l. 1124. This line is hopelessly spoilt; the scribe, careless as +he was, has almost literally repeated l. 1121; l. 1125 directly +continues the description begun before. + +p. 40, l. 1132. Is _than I haue in tale_ right? We expect rather: _than +I can telle in tale_. + +p. 41, l. 1138 f. Cf. l. 1587 f. + +p. 41, l. 1143. I thought it necessary to insert _mete_, although +MAtzner, _WArterbuch_, II. p.A 274, cites this line as the only instance +in the M.E. literature for _glad_ as a substantive. But even the sense +is very poor without this addition. + +p. 41, l. 1144. As to a man riding into the hall, cf. SkeataEuro(TM)s note to +ChauceraEuro(TM)s _SquiereaEuro(TM)s Tale_, l. 80, and KAlbingaEuro(TM)s note to _Ipomadon_ +l. 6253A f. + +p. 41, l. 1150 f. I hope my alterations in l. 1151 are right. It cannot +be said that the King of Aragon defends the lady unless somebody has +laid claims to her. Torrent wants either three combats or the lady, +quite a regular occurrence in mediA|val romances. + +p. 41, l. 1154. _none_, i.e. _no lady_. + +p. 41, l. 1160. Cf. KAlbingaEuro(TM)s note to _Tristrem_, l. 138. + +p. 41, l. 1165. _the gres_, which word is here required by the rhyme, +is, in the same way as in this passage, used for aEuro~battle-field,aEuro(TM) in +_Perceval_, l. 1225A f.: + + aEuro~Hedes and helmys ther was, + I telle Eow withowttene lese, + Many layde {one the gresse}, + And many brode schelde.aEuro(TM) + +p. 42, l. 1181. _For tynding of his hand_ = for fear of (=A _for_) the +beating (blows) of his hand. Schoolboy slang still keeps the word aEuro(TM)_to +tund_aEuro(TM) = to beat with something flat.--HALL. + +p. 42, l. 1193. On this expression Skeat treats in _Notes to P. Pl._, +p.A 3987, to which note I refer the reader. Cf. _Li B. Disc._, l. 130 f. +(Ritson, _Rom._ II. p.A 6): + + aEuro~Hys schon wer with gold ydyght + And {kopeth} as a knyght.aEuro(TM) + +p. 43, l. 1198 f.: aEuro~None of them said a single word, But that Torrent +had been right to do so as he had done.aEuro(TM) + +p. 43, l. 1211. There is an evident contradiction between this line and +l. 1199. IA suppose the word _waried_ to be wrong; but I am not able to +give a fairly certain emendation ofA it. + +p. 44, l. 1228 f.: aEuro~The king had supposed he was dead, and, indeed, +foolhardy he was to undertake an adventure like this.aEuro(TM) + +p. 45, l. 1268 f. This fight between the giant Cate and Torrent reminds +us in some points of the combat between Guy and Colbrond. Like the old +northern _holmganga_, both fights take place on an island, and in both +cases the giant declines to sit on horseback, because he is too heavy; +cf. _Guy of Warwike_, Edinburgh, 1840, l. 9940A ff.: + + aEuro~When A3/4ai had sworn and ostage founde, + Colbrond stirt vp in A3/4at stounde, + To fiEt he was ful felle. + He was so michel and so vnrede, + That no hors miEt him lede, + In gest as y you telle. + So mani he hadde of armes gere, + VnneA3/4e a cart miEt hem bere, + Aze Inglisse for to quelle.aEuro(TM) + +p. 45, l. 1270. _he_ instead of _him_ is remarkable; this personal +construction, provided that it is right, would offer an analogue to _I +am wo_ instead of _me is wo_; cf. KAlbingaEuro(TM)s note to _Tristrem_, l. 245. + +p. 45, l. 1271 = l. 1546. + +p. 46, l. 1307. This line ought probably to run thus: + + aEuro(TM)_Sir Torent praid, as was his wonne._aEuro(TM) + +p. 47, l. 1337 f. This is SAINT _Nycholas de Barr_, not sir N., as the +copyist has put. He was hardly a cleric, or he would have known the Boy +Bishop. An English reference for S.A Nicholas is Alban Butler, _Lives of +the Fathers, Martyrs_, etc., vol. vii. p.A 989, Dublin, 1833. His day is +Dec. 6th, consequently he is not in _Acta Sanctorum_; see besides +_Altenglische legenden, Neue folge_, ed. Horstmann, Heilbronn, 1881, p. +11-16, and BarbouraEuro(TM)s _Legendensammlung_, ed. Horstmann, I. p.A 229-245. +_Barr_ is _Bari_ in Italy, and Barbour, I. p.A 238, l. 601 f., knew it +was two syllables (cf. the rhyme _A3/4ame be: Barre_). Nicholas was the +patron of sailors, and churches on the sea-coast in all parts of Europe +were dedicated to him. Now as Sir Torrent had been in peril at sea, he +offers to him. It was customary to offer garments at such shrines. See +Hampson, _Medii Avi Kalendarium_, I. p.A 72. Hence I propose for l. 1338: +_AA grett Erldome and a simarr_. _Simarr_ is not a common word, which +makes it all the more probable here, since the uncommon words are those +which are corrupted and lost. See _Prompt. Parv._, I. p.A 75: aEuro(TM)_chymer, +abella_,aEuro(TM) that is aEuro~abolla, cloak.aEuro(TM) M.E. _simar_, Fr. _simarre_.--HALL. +I have not hesitated for a moment to introduce this sagacious conjecture +into the text; also the correction of _redith_ into _tas_ I owe to Mr. +Hall. + +p. 48, l. 1353. Cf. KAlbingaEuro(TM)s note to _Sir Tristrem_, l. 2508. + +p. 48, l. 1364. We ought probably to read _she_ instead of _he_. + +p. 48, l. 1367 f. Cf. l. 1756 f. + +p. 48, l. 1378. Cf. _Sir Tristrem_, l. 2458: + + aEuro~Bi holtes and bi hille.aEuro(TM) + +p. 49, l. 1385 ff. Here he addresses the King of Portugal. In l. 1385 +_the_ is superfluous, and should perhaps be struck out. + +p. 49, l. 1395. _fend_ = _defend_; cf. ZupitzaaEuro(TM)s note to _Guy_, l. 576. + +p. 51, l. 1443 f. As the existence of _fede_ = _fode_, aEuro~fellowaEuro(TM) is +proved by no other passage, we ought perhaps to write _As spede me god: +ffode_, or _As g. me save: knave_, instead of _As god me spede: ffede_. + +p. 51, l. 1445. The alteration of _fleand_, which is absurd here, into +_failand_ is supported by l. 1280. + +p. 51, l. 1446. As to _make_ instead of _made_, cf. l. 332. + +p. 51, l. 1463. Cf. l. 2090 f. I am afraid neither of these passages is +quite right. + +p. 53, l. 1518. Perhaps we ought to read: + + aEuro~And out of the valey he hyd swith.aEuro(TM) + +p. 54, l. 1531. I donaEuro(TM)t believe that the poet used the word _tree_ +thrice within these four lines; perhaps he wrote for l. 1531: _Shold not +drawe it, parde_. + +p. 54, l. 1551. Cf. _Guy_, ed. Zupitza, l. 5430: + + aEuro~To reste A3/4er horsys a lytull wyght,aEuro(TM) + +and ZupitzaaEuro(TM)s note to l. 419. + +p. 55, l. 1570. Cf. StratmannaEuro(TM)s note to _Havelok_, l. 1129 (_Englische +studien_, I. p.A 424). + +p. 56, l. 1592. _To the I haue full good gate_ means, aEuro~IA am fully +entitled to kill you.aEuro(TM) IA donaEuro(TM)t recollect to have met with any parallel +passage. + +p. 56, l. 1600. That _dynt_ is wrong, the rhyme shows as well as the +meaning. But whether my alteration is right, seems very doubtful, +especially as l. 1609 offers the same rhyming word. + +p. 58, st. 142. Rhymes like _dight_, _be-taught_, _draught_, _right_ can +by no means be admitted. Now, instead of _be-taught_ we may be allowed +to write _be-teighte_ (cf. _Beket_, l. 1827), and l. 1654 may have run: + + aEuro~He wold haue a draught, aplight.aEuro(TM) + +p. 59, l. 1676. After _was_, _sent_ may have been dropped. + +p. 59, l. 1692. _For his love_, i.e. aEuro~As his sweetheart.aEuro(TM) + +p. 60, l. 1714. Cf. _Ipomadon_, l. 52: + + aEuro~Begge he wex of bonne and blode.aEuro(TM) + +_Ib._ l. 1763: + + aEuro~Ryghtte bygge of bone and blode.aEuro(TM) + +p. 60, l. 1722: aEuro~All his men agreed with him,aEuro(TM) viz. that this was the +knight whom he came to seek. + +p. 62, l. 1774. Is _her day_ = A.S. _aerdagas_, cf. _Havelok_, l. 27? +The word is very rare, and in this meaning occurs only in the plural. + +p. 62, l. 1777. After _king_, _on kne_ may have dropped out. + +p. 63, l. 1799. Cf. Chaucer, _C. T._, the MillereaEuro(TM)s Tale, l. 325: + + aEuro~Say what thou wolt, I schal it never telle + To child no wyf, by him that harwed helle.aEuro(TM) + +_Ib._, The SompnoureaEuro(TM)s Tale, l. 407: + + aEuro~Now help, Thomas, for him that harewed helle.aEuro(TM) + +Perhaps even here, l. 1702, _Iesu, that made hell_, ought to be altered +into _I. that harowde hell_. + +p. 64, l. 1846. Perhaps we ought to read _ebbyng_ instead of _eb_, +according to l. 223; one can hardly say, that aEuro~the sea isA eb.aEuro(TM) + +p. 68, l. 1961. Instead of _A_ I should prefer to read _The_, because +this griffon is the same which robbed the child before. + +p. 69, l. 1982. _Of what lond that he is left_, i.e. aEuro~Wherever he may be +born.aEuro(TM) + +p. 69, l. 1991 f. Cf. _Ipomadon_, l. 50 f.: + + aEuro~He sayd: Fro tyme he kepe tham con, + My landes I shall hym take.aEuro(TM) + +p. 70, l. 2002. _It is good in euery fight_, i.e. there is a stone in +the ring which heals wounds, if they are touched with it; cf. KAlbingaEuro(TM)s +note to _Ipomadon_, l. 8018. + +p. 70, l. 2010. Halliwell, p. 306, explains _disparlid_ by aEuro~beaten down, +destroyed,aEuro(TM) aA meaning which is not fit for this passage. IA read with a +slight addition _disparplid_ = aEuro~dispersed,aEuro(TM) aA rare word; cf. +_Stratmann_, p.A 156. + +p. 71, l. 2026. _But_ is probably to be altered into _And_. + +p. 72, l. 2053. Cf. KAlbingaEuro(TM)s note to _Tristrem_, l. 3068. + +p. 72, l. 2075. One might be inclined to write: + + aEuro~That my two children vncrystonyd ware,aEuro(TM) + +but I donaEuro(TM)t think that we are obliged to change: aEuro~I cared only for that +one thing, That my two children might be christened.aEuro(TM) + +p. 74, l. 2126. For _hing_ instead of _heng_ cf. MAtzner, +_Sprachproben_, I. 1, p.A 292, note to line 675, where _hynges_ rhymes +with _springes_. + +p. 74, l. 2135. _hede vale_, i.e. principal, best choice; _vale_ = +_wale_, or perhaps aphetic for _avale_ = value.--HALL. + +p. 74, l. 2138. _born_ seems to me somewhat suspicious, though I cannot +propose a better reading; _and torn_ instead of _born_ wouldnaEuro(TM)tA do. + +p. 75, l. 2152. The imperfect rhyme shows that there is something wrong +in this line; it may be restored thus: + + aEuro~Loo, lordys good and hende.aEuro(TM) + +p. 75, l. 2153. _wyll haue_ has probably been inserted here from the +following line; we ought to read _has_. + +p. 75, l. 2157. _Season for to hold_, i.e. aEuro~in order to hold court.aEuro(TM) But +I donaEuro(TM)t know another instance of _season_ with this meaning. + +p. 76, l. 2174. This line involves a contradiction to l. 2158A f. + +p. 76, l. 2185. _smote_ means the same as _caste_; cf. _King Horn_, ed. +Wissmann, l. 1038: + + aEuro~And ankere gunne caste.aEuro(TM) + +The only question is, whether _ankere_ is allowed to be supplied or must +be added; cf. l. 2203. + +p. 77, l. 2209-2214. The Sultan informs Torrent by messengers, that the +inhabitants of the town are starving, evidently appealing to his +generosity. Torrent answers him, that if they will lie here, _i.e._ +leave the town, they are to have victuals enough. But the Sultan doesnaEuro(TM)t +accept this condition, and so the siege is continued. That seems to me +to be the meaning of this half of the stanza. + +p. 77, l. 2216 f. _dede_ means here, and l. 2400, aEuro~exploit, battle.aEuro(TM) In +the same way Saber, BevesaEuro(TM)s uncle, once a year on a certain day fights +against the Emperor; cf. _Sir Beues_, l. 2917A ff.: + + aEuro(TM)& eueri Eer on a dai certaine + Vpon A3/4emperur of Almaine + He ginneA3/4 gret bataile take, + Beues, al for A3/4ine sake.aEuro(TM) + +It agrees very well with the religious feelings of the Middle Ages, when +they thought it a merit to fight against the heathens on Good Friday; +cf. here l. 2230A ff. + +p. 77, l. 2224 ff. I am afraid there is something wrong in these lines; +the copyist seems to mean, that Torrent didnaEuro(TM)t bereave the inhabitants +of their worldly goods, their treasures; then we must write _them_ for +_it_. But what we really expect here is, that he leaves in the town some +trustworthy men to keep it. Accordingly, the fault lies in _Worldely +goodis_. Besides, l. 2224, _did wyn_, instead of _was yn_, would improve +the rhyme. + +p. 77, l. 2232. _bryght_ is a rather odd epithet to _SarEins_. + +p. 78, l. 2233 ff. Fifteen years have past since Torrent began to +fight against the infidels: he besieges the first town two years (cf. +l. 2189), the second, six years (cf. l. 2206), the third, seven years +(cf. l. 2230). Meanwhile, the education of a young man being finished at +the age of fifteen (cf. KAlbingaEuro(TM)s note to _Tristrem_, l. 287), his son +had become just old enough to win his spurs. + +p. 78, l. 2240. I doubt whether _ordeyn_ can be allowed to stand without +an object, such as _your folk_, or _your ships_; cf. _Robert of +GloaEuro(TM)ster_, ed. Hearne, p.A 139, l.A 19: + + aEuro~He bigan to ordeyne ys folk, & to batail aEen drow.aEuro(TM) + +p. 78, l. 2256: aEuro~Woebegone was she, that must see that,aEuro(TM) viz. that aEuro~le +leopard took away her sone.aEuro(TM) + +p. 78, l. 2259 f. The meaning of these two lines is not quite +perspicuous, and they may be corrupt; only this one thing is clear, that +these two knights are Torrent and his son, who belong to different +parties. + +p. 79, l. 2269 ff. It may be that ll. 2269-71 and ll. 2272-74 are to be +transposed, but I donaEuro(TM)t think it necessary: TorrentaEuro(TM)s men flee when they +see that their chief has surrendered. + +p. 80, l. 2302. _wekid_ = wicked, mischievous. But I donaEuro(TM)t recollect to +have met with this adj. as an epithet to _land_ or _country_. + +p. 80, l. 2304. Cf. _Tristrem_, l. 88, KAlbingaEuro(TM)s note to that passage, +and _York Plays_, p.A 438, l. 155: + + aEuro~For, certys, my lyf days are nere done.aEuro(TM) + +p. 80, l. 2316. The alteration of this line is rather a radical one; but +there was no other way to restore the rhyme; IA think that first, _day_ +and _nyEt_ had changed their places in line 2313, and then the copyist, +in order to get a rhyme to _nyEt_, spoilt the latter line. + +p. 81, l. 2335. _be my ffaye_ and _parmaffay_ in the same stanza, and +both in the rhyme, are rather poor; one of these lines may have run +thus: + + aEuro~Be god of heven, the king gan say.aEuro(TM) + +p. 82, l. 2357. The same confusion between _turment_ and _turnament_ +occurs in _Ipomadon_, l. 2868; cf. KAlbingaEuro(TM)s note to this line. + +p. 83, l. 2392. Cf. _Ipomadon_, l. 3958: + + aEuro~A mercy, syr, for Crystes pitte,aEuro(TM) + +and KAlbingaEuro(TM)s note to this line. + +p. 83, l. 2395 f. Cf. KAlbingaEuro(TM)s note to _Tristrem_, l. 3064, where he +cites an interesting parallel passage to this line from _Guy of +Warwick_, ed. Zupitza, l. 4707A f.: + + aEuro~Eoeyt A3/4ou art the trewest knyght, + That euer slepyd in wynturs nyght.aEuro(TM) + +p. 83, l. 2405. _and_ is perhaps miswritten for _an_ or _on_. + +p. 83, l. 2407. This line, as it stands, is rather odd; perhaps it ought +to be identical with l. 1128. + +p. 84, l. 2420. _juster_, _jouster_, means here a knight who joins in a +joust or tournament: in the only other passage where it is known to +occur, _Alis._, l. 1400, it is a horse for tourneying. + +p. 84, l. 2433 = l. 2456; cf. _Ipomadon_, l. 8830: + + aEuro(TM)_Euery man in there degre._aEuro(TM) + +p. 85, l. 2450. On _roial_, cf. KAlbingaEuro(TM)s note to _Ipomadon_, l. 64. To +_a roall ffyght_ may be compared ShakespeareaEuro(TM)s _A royal battle_ (_Rich. +III._, IV.A iv.). + +p. 85, l. 2461. _with oute lent_ = aEuro~without fastingaEuro(TM)? I have not met +with this expletive phrase anywhere else. + +p. 86, l. 2493. It was not superfluous to mention this fact, because +knights were very often killed in tournaments; cf. Niedner, _Das +deutsche turnier im XII. und XIII. Iahrhundert_, Berlin, 1881, p.A 24. +See also R. BrunneaEuro(TM)s _Handlyng-Synne_, ed. Furnivall, 1862, p.A 144-6. + +p. 87, l. 2518-20. As to the meaning of _couplid_, cf. MAtzner, +_WArterbuch_, I. p.A 491. These lines evidently mean that gentlemen and +ladies sit alternately, what one calls in German, _bunte reihe machen_. +Cf. A. Schultz, _Das hAfische Leben Zur Zeit der Minnesinger_, I. +p.A 330, and P. Pietsch, Bunte Reihe, _Zeitschrift fA1/4r deutsche +Philologie_, vol. xvi. Halle, 1884, p.A 231, who cites from _Biterolf_, +l. 7399A ff.: + + aEuro~Do hiezens under mA(R)ne man + Ir ingesinde wol getAcn + Sich teilen in dem palas, + Daz kein mA(R)n recke dAc was, + Ern sA|ze zwischen magedA(R)n.aEuro(TM) + +p. 87, l. 2526. _emell_ was added by Hall in order to restore the rhyme +with _Desonell_. + +p. 88, l. 2535. For this correction, cf. ZupitzaaEuro(TM)s note to _Guy_, +l. 600. + +p. 90, l. 2593. After _marked_, _them_ may have dropped; cf. _Layamon_, +l. 5642A f.: + + aEuro~And heom markede forAe', + Touward Munt-giu heo ferden,aEuro(TM) + +instead of which lines the later MSS. writes: + + aEuro~Hii nome riht hire way + Touward Muntageu.aEuro(TM) + +p. 90, l. 2597. On _castelletoure_ cf. KAlbingaEuro(TM)s note to _Tristrem_, +l. 158. + +p. 91, l. 2636. Cf. KAlbingaEuro(TM)s notes to _Amis and Amiloun_, l. 1019, and +to _The lyfe of Ipomadon_, l. 506. Here the expression, _no good he ne +couth_ means, he was quite feeble and strengthless. + +p. 92, l. 2658. _up-tyed_ = so limited by the deed of foundation that +they (the churches and abbeys) could not be diverted to any other +purpose.--HALL. + +p. 92, l. 2661. Cf. _Eglamour_, l. 1339, Lincoln MS.: + + aEuro~In Rome this romance crouned es.aEuro(TM) + +The Cambridge MS. reads instead: + + aEuro~In Rome thys geste cronyculd ys.aEuro(TM) + +I am inclined to think that _crouned_ is nothing else but a misreading +for _cronyculd_. Afterwards, considered to be correct, it has originated +expressions like those we find here. + + + + +GLOSSARY. + +[TranscriberaEuro(TM)s Note: + +Asterisks* are not explained. They seem to indicate words that did not +appear in the original MS but are the result of editorial emendation. +They may or may not occur elsewhere in the text.] + + _abydde_, 2/41, _vb._ to endure. + _a-bye_, 21/569, _vb._ to pay for. + _actone_, 79/2276, _sb._ a jacket of quilted cotton. + Cf. SkeataEuro(TM)s Glossary to _Wars of Al._, s.v. + _ago_, 3/65, _pp._ gone. + _a-right_, 48/1364, _pt. s._ prepared, served up. + _assent_, 48/1357, _sb._ proposal. + _assttyt_, 23/640, _adv._ at once. + _auter_, 68/1952, _sb._ altar. + _avented_, 54/1554, _pt. s. refl._ recovered his breath. + _aventorres_, 2/39, _sb. pl._ adventures. + _aventurly_, 44/1229, _adv._ boldly. + _axithe_, 10/260, _pr. 3 sg._ asks. + + _balle_, 15/400, _sb._ bale. + _bane_,* 29/794, _sb._ bone; + 52/1478, _sb._ destruction, death; + 59/1678, _sb._ over-comer. + _bare_, 53/1502, _pr. s._ stabbed. + _barys_, 35/978, _sb. pl._ bars. + _bayte_, 54/1553, _vb._ to pasture. + _bed_, 29/793, _pp._ offered. + _bent_, 25/701, 86/2487, _sb._ battle-field. + _berdles_, 36/1015, _adj._ beardless. + _bere_, 37/1045, _vb._ to stab. + _be-stad_, 29/808, _pp._ sore bestad = distressed. + _bet_, 57/1622, _pt. s._ beat. + _be-taught_, 58/1651, _pp._ surrendered, delivered. + _bett_, 55/1585, _pp._ beaten; 40/1123, _pp._ ornamented. + _be-tyde_, 45/1270, _vb._ to befall; cf. the note to this line. + _beytyng_, 36/1008, _vb. sb._, baiting.? + _bla_,* 9/237, _adj._ pale, wan; cf. the note. + _blo_,* 13/351, _adj._ blue. + _blynd_, 4/87, _pr. s. conj._ blind. + _bode_, 18/498, _pr. s._ ordered. + _boffettes_, 85/2472; + _buffettes_, 56/1596, _sb. pl._ blow, dint. + _bone_, 55/1565, _sb._ prayer. + _bord_, 29/819, 42/1194, _sb._ table. + _bowes_, 51/1451, _sb. pl._ bough, branch. + _bowght_, 21/556, _sb._ bend. + _brayd_, 56/1598, _sb._ sudden attack. + _broke_, 30/833, 48/1354, _vb._ to enjoy. + _browE_, 24/654, _sb._ rising ground, hill. + _byddythe_, 18/500, _pr. s._ waited, remained. + _byght_, 22/605, _vb._ to bite. + _byne_, 2/46, _vb._ to be. + _byrlyd_, 11/292, 12/329, _pr. s._ to pour out. + + _castell toure_, 90/2597, _sb._ castle tower. + _chaffare_, 35/986, _sb._ bargain. + _chalenge_, 41/1150; + _pr. s._ 41/1163; + _pr. s. conj._ challenge. + _cheff-foster_, 21/574, _sb._ chief-foster. + _ches_, 26/718, _pr. s._ chose. + _chyrge_, 29/814, _sb._ church. + _clarkys_, 1/12, _sb. pl._ clerks. + _clere_, 3/62, _adj._ _clere of_, renowned for. + _clow_,* 20/542, _sb._ clough. + _cobled_, 46/1298, _adj._ cobled stones = cobblestones. + _comely_, 26/722, _adv._ in a comely manner; cf. the note. + _contenance_,* 3/75, _sb._ countenance, presence of mind. + _cord_, 48/1357, _pr. s._ accord. + _coueryd_, 87/2506, _pr. pl._ _Vp they coueryd_ = They recovered.? + _countenance_, 39/1105, _sb._ countenance. + _couped_, 42/1193, _pp._; cf. the note. + _coupled_, 87/2520, _pp._ coupled; cf. the note. + _coursus_, 41/1150, 42/1177, _sb. pl._ courses. + _couth_, 46/1295, 91/2636, _pr. s._ knew. + _craftely_, 54/1527, _adv._ skilfully. + _crest_, 40/1128; + _creste_, 83/2407, _sb._ crest. + _croke_, 36/1018, 37/1042, 55/1577, 56/1607, 58/1652, _sb._ crook. + + _dalle_, 21/562, _sb._ valley. + _delyuer_, 41/1154, _vb._; + 41/1151, _imp._ to deliver up; + _delyuerd_, 63/1806, 1808, _pp._ delivered of a child; + _delyuerd_, 82/2372, _pp._ released? + _dent_, 2/41, _sb._ blow. + _departid_, 47/1329, _pr. pl._ divorced. + _dewe_, 4/88, _sb._ dieu. + _deyr_, 2/37, _adj._ dear. + _deyse_, 38/1067, 42/1192, _sb._ dais. + _dight_, 39/1081, _pr. s._ built. + _disparplid_,* 70/2010, _pp._ dispersed; cf. the note. + _dong_, 61/1754, _pr. pl._ dung, beat. + _dourst_, 3/81, _prs. sg._ darest. + _draught_, 58/1654, _sb._ draught. + _dryee_, 36/994, _vb._ endure. + _duchyes_, 33/933, _sb. pl._ duchies. + _dulful_, 19/519, _adj._ troublesome. + _dynnyng_, 52/1487, _sb._ roaring. + _dyspisyst_, 2/47, _prs. 2 sg._ despisest. + + _eb_, 64/1846, _sb._ ebb; cf. the note. + _ebbyd_, 8/223, _pp._ ebbing. + _ech_, 92/2657, _pron._ each. + _eche_, 24/649, _sb._ oak. + _endentyd_, 9/227, _pp._ indented, adorned. + _erber_, 65/1868, _sb._ garden of pleasure. + _ermyght_, 36/1008, _sb._? + _eyllythe_, 34/958, _prs. 3 sg._ ails. + + _fall_, 47/1331, _vb._ to fell, kill. + _fame_, 2/31, _sb._ foam. + _fare_, 44/1234, _sb._ at that fare = under these circumstances. + _farly_, 2/44; + _ferly_, 69/1974, 71/2035, _sb._ wonder. + _fawe_,* 16/431, _adj._ destined to death. + _fede_,* 2/30, _sb._ feed, pasture ground; cf. the note. + _ffede_, 51/1444, _sb._; cf. the note. + _fell_, 85/2444, _adj._ strong, able. + _fell_, 1/21, 4/90, _vb._ to fell, kill; + _fellythe_, 3/82, _pr. 3A sg._ fells. + _fere_, 3/69, 4/98, 4/102, 33/931, 85/2466, _sb._ companion. + _fesomnyd_, 2/28, _pr. s._; cf. the note. + _fet_, 12/309, _pp._ fetched. + _ffettouris_, 81/2333, _sb. pl._ fetters. + _flyng_, 67/1927, _vb._ to hasten. + _flyngyng_, 14/378, _p. prs._ hastening. + _fode_, 36/1012, _sb._ food; _ffode_, 64/1823, _sb._ child, wight. + _ffont_, 69/1993, _sb._ font. + _forsake_, 26/724, _vb._ to leave behind. + _fforward_, 41/1743, _sb._ agreement. + _fraye_, 23/638, _sb._ attack. + _freke_, 58/1661, _sb._ warrior. + _frethe_, 6/161, _sb._ forest. + _fyle_, 33/911, _sb._ fill. + _ffyne_, 39/1086, _sb._ fine. + _fytte_, 17/458, _sb. pl._ feet. + _fytyng_, 7/1731, _p. prs._ fighting. + + _gadlyng_, 36/1015, _sb._ vagabond. + _gale_, 46/1313, _sb._ galley. + _gas_, 4/103, _prs. 3 sg._ goes. + _gestonye_, 82/2374, 91/2625, 91/2627, _sb._ banquet, feast. + _gethe_, 71/2042, _prs. 3 sg._ goes. + _glemyrryng_, 16/426, _p. prs._ glimmering. + _governe_, 28/779, _vb. refl._ to behave. + _greme_,* 67/1929, _sb._ grief, sorrow. + _grennyng_, 40/1126, _p. prs._ distorting, gaping. + _gryffon_, 69/1971; + _greffon_, 69/1981, _sb._ griffin. + _grype_, 68/1961, _sb._ griffin. + + _harood_, 60/1711, _sb._ herald; + 82/2365, _harroldys_, _sb. pl._ heralds. + _harood_, 63/1799, _pr. s._ distracted. + _hed_, 17/444, _sb._ heed. + _hede_, 74/2126, _vb._ to behead. + _hede-vale_, 74/2135, 91/2621, _sb._ principal value; + cf. the note to l. 2135. + _hedles_, 25/702, _adj._ headless. + _hende_, 4/106, _adj._ courteous. + _herne_,* 37/1030, _sb._ brains. + _heved_,* 14/371, _sb._ head. + _hight_, 65/1860, _sb._ height. + _housell_, 45/1272; + _howsell_, 74/2139, _sb._ housel. + _howge_, 20/548, _adj._ huge, enormous. + _howt_, 25/703, _adv._ out. + _hurt_, 57/1625, _sb._ hurt. + + _i-bye_, 43/1222, _vb._ to pay for. + _i-wysse_, 15/391, _adv._ surely. + _juster_, 84/2420, _sb._ jousting knight. + + _kene_, 2/47, _adj._ brave. + _kerpyng_, 92/2662, _vb. sb._ talking. + + _lade_, 58/1663, _sb._ load, i.e. a lot of blows. + _lay_, 6/165, 52/1492, _sb._ grass land, bank. + _lede_, 2/36, _sb._ country. + _lemyred_, 11/291, _pr. s._ glimmered. + _lenage_, 18/491, _sb._ lineage, family. + _lende_, 1/9, _prs. pl._ go. + _leng_, 32/899, _vb._ to stay. + _lent_, 85/2461, _sb._ lent? + _leryd_, 40/1110, _pp._ informed. + _lifte_, 45/1273, _vb._ to lift. + _lothly_, 34/964, 35/991; + lothely, 53/1508, 54/1534, _adj._ loathsome. + _love_, 59/1692, _sb._ love, sweet-heart. + _lyst_, 1/7, _vb._ to listen. + _lythe_, 13/337, _vb._ to listen. + _lyvelode_, 83/2384, _sb._ livelihood. + + _maistershipmon_, 50/1425, _sb._ captain. + _mall_, 12/322, _sb._ hammer, club. + _markyd_, 90/2592, _pr. s._ directed. + _mate_, 25/678, _adj._ faint, exhausted. + _maynerey_, 16/435, _sb._ banquet, feast. + _maystry_, 8/212, _sb._ mastery; + _maystres_, 28/789, _sb. pl._ = _maystries_, exploits? + _meche_, 10/270, 20/531, 26/713, 37/1040, _adj._ much, great. + _met_, 25/700, _pr. s._ measured. + _moche_, 49/1399, 76/2195, _adj._ much, great. + _myd mete_, 41/1141, 42/1189, _sb._ the middle of the dinner. + _mylle_, 3/79, _sb._ mile. + _myrre_, 11/293, 34/943, _adj._ merry. + _myster_, 21/581, _sb._ need, want. + + _nonys_, 46/1299, _in phr. for A3/4e nones_, for the once, for the + occasion. + _noryse_, 67/1928, _sb._ nurse. + _not_,* 54/1535, _prs._ _ne wot_, donaEuro(TM)t know. + _nowyd_, 6/153, _pp._ annoyed? cf. the note. + + _of-smyght_, 25/691, _vb._ to cut off. + _omage_, 39/1086, _sb._ homage. + _onfre_,* 53/1499, _adj._ unnoble. + _on-harnes_, 11/302, _vb._ to unharness. + _ordor_, 2/51, _sb._ order. + _ordurres_, 2/48, _sb. pl._ knighthood, dub. + _ovyr-ryde_, 2/40, _vb._ to ride over, to overcome? + + _payn_, 44/1252, _sb._ fine, mulct. + _persewyd_,* 17/462, _pp._ pursued. + _pertely_, 53/1501, _adv._ openly, plainly. + _pluckys_, 56/1611, _sb._ strokes; cf. Halliwell, Dict., p.A 633. + _pomell_, 26/714, _sb._ pommel. + _poynt_, 17/445, 88/2540, = _poynt of armys_, 3/68, 30/832, 49/1383, + _sb._ exploit. + _prekand_, 45/1263, _prs. p._ pricking. + _preste_, 50/1418, _adj._ ready. + _preve_, 10/275, _adj._ privy. + _pyll_, 21/573, _sb._ rock? + + _ragyd_, 7/194, _adj._ ragged. + _rawght_, 24/645, _pr. s._ gave. + _red_, 7/178, _sb._ counsel. + _reioyse_, 75/2151, 80/2309, 91/2640, _vb._ to enjoy. + _rerid_, 55/1561, _pr. pl._ reared, tried to bring on. + _reue_, 35/986, _vb._ to bereave, to rob. + _reuelid_, 85/2467, _pr. pl._ revelled, feasted. + _revid_, 88/2546, _pp._ robbed. + _rewe_, 31/860, _vb._ to rue, to pity. + _reysed_, 46/1313, _pr. pl._ raised, made ready; + _reysing_, 51/1454, _prs. p._ rising, startingA up. + _rially_, 87/2516, _adv._ royally. + _rialte_, 85/2455, _sb._ royal state. + _rightfull_, 64/1834, _adj._ rightfull. + _roall_, 85/2450, _adj._ royal. + _rome_, 19/516, _sb._ cross-way? + _rore_, 37/132, _vb._ to roar. + _rough_, 66/1879, _sb._ wood, copse. + _rowe_, 50/1426, _prs. pl._ row. + _rowght_, 24/645, _sb._ stroke, blow? + _rude_, 58/1666, _adj._ rude. + _ryd_, 2/44, _pr. s._ rode. + _ryde-wey_, 22/598, _sb._ spur-way, horse-way. + _ryngis_, 82/2354, _sb._ ring, arena. + _ryved_, 73/2090, _pr. s._ ryved up, landed, disembarked; + _ryven_, 50/1435, _pr. p._ landed. + + _sare_, 4/97, _adv._ sorely. + _sarten_, 26/717, _adj. sb._ the sarten = the truth. + _sayment_, 2/50, _sb._ trial, exploit. + _scape_, 81/2327, _prs. subj._ escape. + _schedyng_, 19/516, _sb._ separation. + _scheff-chambyr_, 26/718, _sb._ chief-chamber, first rank-chamber. + _scheld_, 21/578, _vb._ to shelter. + _schere_, 21/556, _vb._ to shear, to cut. + _schope_, 21/567, _pr. s._ created. + _schowt_, 21/570, + _schoute_, 61/1751, 65/1877, _s._; _schuot_, 22/594, _vb._ to shout. + _season_, 75/2157, _sb._ court. + _see-fome_, 75/2165, _sb._ sea-foam. + _sege_, 77/2204, _sb._ siege. + _sekyrnes_, 30/835, _sb._ surety. + _semled_, 85/2445, _pr. pl._ assembled. + _sete_, 33/922, _sb._ city. + _seth_, 74/2141, _conj._ since. + _sett_, 41/1152, _pr. s._ sat. + _sewe_, 4/89, _vb._ to look at. + _shipped_, 45/1260, _pr. s._ 46/1318, _pr. pl._ shypped, + _pp._ embarked. + _shone_, 40/1117, _sb. pl._ shoes. + _side lokyng_, 57/1637, _sb._ side-glance. + _siEed_, 79/2288, _pr. s._ sighed. + _simarr_,* 47/1338, _sb._ cloak; see the note. + _slade_, 58/1660, _sb._ slade. + _slon_,* 16/458, _sb._ sloe. + _smote_, 76/2185; + _smote adown_, 77/2203, _pr. s._ cast anchor. + _solasyd_, 24/657, _pr. s._ solaced, comforted. + _solemnite_, 56/1591, _sb._ pride. + _sotell_, 61/1761, _adj._ subtle, sly. + _sownyng_, 49/1400, 62/1782, 90/2615, _sb._ swooning. + _sparid_, 73/2096, _pr. pl._ barred, blocked up. + _sped_, 3/70, _prs. conj._ speed. + _spent_, 67/1910, _pp._ lost. + _sperryd_, 14/364, _pr. s._ barred, shut up. + _sperrys_, 5/127, _sb._ spire, tree. + _spousage_, 62/1791, _sb._ spousage. + _sprent_, 7/181, _pr. s._ lept. + _spryt_, 7/181, _sb._ pole. + _stad_,* 55/1566, _sb._ stead. + _state_, 60/1729, _sb._ chair of state. + _stere_,* 24/662, _vb. refl._ move. + _steryng_, 62/1785, _p. prs._ stirring, moving. + _stomlyng_, 24/660, _p. prs._ stumbling. + _storrope_, 35/987, _sb._ stirrup. + _strake_, 2/42, _pr. s._ struck. + _styll_, 18/477, _sb._ steel. + _swathing band_, 67/1917, _sb._ swath. + _swowe_,* 20/548, _sb._ noise; cf. the note. + _sybbe_,* 27/739, _sb._ kinsman. + + _takyll_, 49/1402, _sb._ tackling. + _tall_, 26/734, _sb._ tale. + _tene_, 3/73, _sb._ grief, sorrow. + _the_, 2/49, _vb._ to thrive. + _thede_,* 60/1728, _sb._ people. + _thefe_, 46/1292; + _theffe_, 58/1659, _sb._ villain. + _theves_, 61/1760, _sb. pl._ villains. + _thole_,* 17/460, _vb._ to suffer. + _throng_, 38/1057, _sb._ crowd, troop. + _thronge_, 79/2283, _pr. pl._ thronged, pressed. + _tombelyd_, 42/1173, _pr. pl._ tumbled. + _to-sheverd_, 42/1172, _pr. s._ shivered in pieces. + _trast_,* 17/455,? _vb._ to trust. + _trayll_, 46/1314, _vb._ to trail. + _trayn_, 29/803, 51/1455, _sb._ treachery, deceit. + _trompettys_, 29/816, 34/443, + _trumpettes_, 41/1164, _sb. pl._ trumpets. + _trovylld_, 17/452, _pr. s._ travailed, exerted himself. + _trow_, 21/572, _pr. s._ believe. + _trusse_, 13/354, _vb._ to truss. + _trussyd_, 14/371, _pr. pl._ trussed. + _tyed_, 92/2658, _pp._; cf. the note. + _tyght_, 22/589, _adj._ tight. + _tyght_, 25/690, _adv._ in phr. _ase tyght_, at once. + _tymbyr_, 2/40, 81/2349, 86/2483, _sb._ lance. + _tynding_, 42/1181, _sb._ beating; cf. the note. + + _vale_, s. _hede_. + _venturus_, 55/1566, _adj._ adventurous, dangerous. + _vetelid_, 76/2188, _pp._ supplied with provisions. + _victoure_, 83/2411, _sb._ victor. + _vnbrydeled_, 54/1552, _pr. s._ unbridled. + _vnder_, 71/2029, _sb._ noon. + _vndyr-nethe_, 20/542, _prep._ underneath. + _vndertane_, 61/1733, _vb._ to undertake. + + _walloyng_, 7/189, _prs. p._ wallowing. + _wanne_, 62/1767, _adj._ wan, dark. + _ward_, 48/1351, _sb._ warden. + _waried_, 43/1211, 88/2544, _pr. pl._ cursed; + _waried_, 54/1537, _pp._ cursed. + _warne_, 29/795, _prs. s._ deny, refuse. + _water fflood_, 65/1872, _sb._ water-flood. + _watt_, 44/1247, _prs. 3 sg._ knows. + _wax_, 3/73, _pr. s._ became. + _wede_, 2/33, _sb._ garment, dress. + _wekid_, 80/2302, _adj._ wicked; see the note. + _were_, 57/1623, _vb._ to get tired. + _were_, 28/773, _adj._ aware. + _wet-saffe_, 17/466, _pr. s._ vouchsafe. + _wexe_,* 9/237, _pr. pl._ became. + _wight_, 54/1551, _sb._ white. + _wilsom_, 71/2030; + _wyld-som_, 20/535; + _wyldsome_, 19/506, _adj._ wild, desert. + _wis_, 53/1525, _vb._ to show. + _wod_, 14/377, _adj._ mad. + _won_, 4/94, _adj._ one. + _wonande_, 1/14, _p. prs._ living. + _wondyr-thyng_, 2/53, _sb._ wondrous thing. + _wonne_, 46/1295, _sb._ custom, expedient. + _wonne_, 46/1307, _pp._ wont? cf. the note. + _wonne_, 65/1870, _p._ dwelling, living? + _wonne_, 69/1995, _pp._ won. + _wrought vp_, 54/1532, _pr. s._ built up, raised. + _wyght_,* 1/15, 3/60. + _wyt_, 27/749, + _wyhte_, 30/848, _adj._ wight. + + _yare_,* 7/177,* 14/369, 47/1320, _adv._ wholly, yarely. + _yatis gone_, 71/2025, _sb. pl._ footpaths. + _yell_, 46/1305, _vb._ to yell. + _yell_, 52/1487, _sb._ yell. + _yf_, 61/1740, _imp. s._ + _yff_, 70/2009, _prs. conj. s._ may give. + _ylke_, 25/694, 63/1801, _pron._ same. + + + + +INDEX OF NAMES. + + + _Adolake_, 434, the name of a sword; _Adyloke_, 665; _Hatheloke_, 791. + _Adryan_, 927, St. Hadrian. + _Amyas_, 345, a young prince. + _Antioche_, 2229, Antiochia. + _Antony_, 1874, 1940, 1970, 2558, St. Antony. + _Antony fice greffoun_, 1998, 2435, 2476, _TorrentaEuro(TM)s_ son. + _Aragon_, 1114, 1152, 1182, 1212, 1257, 1325, 2110; _Eragon_, 765. + _Awsden_, 1029, St. Austin. + + _Be-gon-mese_, 101, a giant. + _Berweyne_, 344; see _Jakys_. + _Brasille_, 1450, a forest on the Norwegian coast. + + _Calabur_, 847, 907, 952, 1059, 1320, 2113, Calabria. + _Calamond_, 1221, King of Portugal; + _Calomond_, 2116, 2168; + _Colomand_, 2104; + _Colomond_, 1408, 2143. + _Cardon_, 1091, a town in Calabria. + _Cargon_, 1326, a town in Aragon. + _Cate_, 1238, 1254, 1293, 1593, a giant. + + _Desonell{e}_, 109, 382, 446, 450, 478, 673, 795, 859, 985, 1102, + 1135, 1161, 1359, 1393, 1703, 1780, 2006, 2059, 2077, 2092, 2173, + 2401, 2424, 2500, 2509, 2523, 2533, 2587, 2614, King _CalamondaEuro(TM)s_ + daughter, _TorrentaEuro(TM)s_ spouse; + _Dissonell{e}_, 1329; _Dysonell{e}_,A 32. + + _Elyoner_, 347, daughter of the King of _Gales_. + + _Flonthus_, 1005, _Slonges of Flonthus_, a giant. + _Fuolles_, 748, _Slogus of Fuolles_, variation of the former name. + + _Gales_, 346, 408, 417. + _Gendres_, 1747, daughter of the King of Norway. + _George_, 1677, St. George. + _Grece_, 2419, 2434, 2557, 2643, Greece. + _Grekes_, 79, 1282, 2179, 2645, Greeks. + _Gryffen_, 1215, St. Griffon. + + _Hungry_, 970, Hungary. + + _Jakys_, 344, _Jakys of Berweyne_, a young prince. + _Jame_, 744, 788, St. James. + _Jerusalem_, 1897, 1921, 1938, 2236, 2245, 2275, 2426, 2473, 2554, + 2633. + _Jesus_, 134, 274, 537, 540, 675, 996, 1340, 1371, 1382, 1447, 1539, + 1564, 1702, 1799, 1937, 1985, 1997, 2218, 2580; + _Iesu Cryst_, 206, 529, 1275, 1832, 1852, 2664. + _John_, 1884, 2140, 2514, 2559, St. John. + + _Katryn_, 2053, St. Catherine. + + _Leobertus_, 1925, 2246, 2477, _TorrentaEuro(TM)s_ son. + + _Marre_, 85, 624; _Mary_, 136, 1308, 1565, 1646, 1888, 1906, 1946, + 1969, 2098, 2311; _Marry_, 61, 259, 863. + _Mavdeleyn_, 489; + _Mawdleyn_, 505, 737, Maudlin, name of a forest. + _Mownpolyardnus_, 716, the name of a sword. + _Myhell{e}_, 753, St. Michael. + + + _Nazareth_, 465, 2032, 2041, 2389, 2437, 2528. + _Norway_, 1370, 1377, 1412, 1417, 1759, 1781, 2083. + _Nycholas de Barr_, 1337, St. Nicholas de Bari; see the note. + + _Peron_, 1776, 1830; + _Perowne_, 659; + _Perrown_, 412, aA town in Portugal. + _Pervens_, 420, 1095, 1320; + _Pervyns_, 868, 2113, Provence; + _Provyns_, 397, 413. + _Portingale_, 1069, 1346, 2090, 2095, 2593; + _Portyngale_, 1772, 2134, 2176, 2413, 2620; + _Portynggall{e}_, 13, 25, 374, 399, 727, 763, 877, 883, 1255, + Portugal. + + _Quarell{e}_, 2182, 2415, a town in Syria. + + _Raynes_, 2414, a town in Syria. + _Rochense_, 637, a giant. + _Rome_, 12, 118, 187, 190, 198, 558, 924, 1224, 1282, 1319, 1924, + 2183, 2626, 2661. + + _Samson_, 95, Samson. + _SarEins_, 2232, Saracens. + _Sathanas_, 1237, Satan. + _Slochys_, 850; + _Slogus_, 748; + _Slonges_, 1005; + _Slongus_, 967, aA giant. + + _Torrayne_, 26, Touraine. + _Torren_, 343. + _Torrent_, 34, 46, 49, 61, 91, 133, 148, 181, 200, 203, 217, 224, + 230, 252, 280, 295, 302, 314, 392, 399, 432, 466, 470, 477, 480, + 495, 504, 519, 528, 540, 556, 577, 585, 591, 621, 634, 642, 645, + 648, 663, 670, 677, 681, 687, 691, 693, 699, 733, 739, 752, 768, + 772, 819, 824, 825, 828, 834, 839, 843, 852, 877, 883, 896, 946, + 957, 984, 987, 999, 1006, 1021, 1023, 1039, 1044, 1051, 1060, + 1072, 1119, 1163, 1167, 1170, 1176, 1200, 1256, 1263, 1270, 1284, + 1298, 1414, 1434, 1480, 1535, 1699, 1756, 1838, 1903, 2081, 2485, + 2630; + _Terrant_, 142; + _Terrent_, 85; + _Torent_, 157, 205, 756, 784, 1246, 1254, 1278, 1293, 1307, 1317, + 1322, 1325, 1331, 1347, 1355, 1367, 1379, 1391, 1437, 1443, 1494, + 1511, 1517, 1562, 1569, 1598, 1613, 1622, 1724, 1727, 1780, 1811, + 2084, 2097, 2107, 2117, 2120, 2140, 2150, 2155, 2179, 2191, 2197, + 2209, 2224, 2244, 2257, 2263, 2269, 2281, 2330, 2362, 2380, 2478, + 2479, 2482, 2489, 2495, 2501, 2503, 2511, 2534, 2567, 2575, 2603, + 2611, 2617, 2642, 2649; + _Torrant_, 70, 76, 103, 241, 253, 364, 380, 657, 760, 840, 963; + _Tyrrant_,A 18. + + _Velond_, 427, Veland the smith. + _Verdownys_, 305, 341, 410, son of the King of Provence. + + _Weraunt_, 1650, a giant. + + +R. CLAY AND SONS, LIMITED, LONDON AND BUNGAY. + + + * * * * * + * * * * + * * * * * + + +_Typography_ + +In the Notes and Introduction, long vowels were printed with circumflex +Ac rather than macron Ae. This usage has been retained; the circumflex +accent in its own right does not occur. + +In the Introduction, emphasis within italicized passages was shown +either by reverting to Roman type or by printing the words as _gesperrt_ +(extended). For this e-text, the first kind of emphasis is shown in +{braces}, the second with +marks+. + +In the main text, folio numbers were italicized as 85_a_, 85_b_... This +markup has been omitted to reduce visual clutter. + +Loops or flourishes attached to final letters are shown as ~ (tilde +_after_ letter). If you find this distracting, feel free to delete it +globally. The character does not occur anywhere else, and the flourishes +probably do not mean anything. + +The letter aEurooenaEuro with overline is shown as A+- (n-tilde) for better font +support. + +Double aEurooelaEuro in the main text was printed as two laEuro(TM)s with a single +connecting line. They are shown in this e-text as AEsAEs (paired l-bar). +Note that the printers do not seem to have had an italic version of this +letter pair; in the e-text it is shown as italic or roman based on the +surrounding text. + + +_Errors and Inconsistencies_ + +Errors in the main text and fragments are shown at the end of each +stanza in [[double brackets]]. The word aEurooeinvisibleaEuro means that there is +an appropriately sized blank space or extra indentation, but the +character (usually an open single quote) is missing. Unusual spellings +in the Sidenotes are probably attributable to Frederick Furnivall. + +Hyphenization of prefixes in the modern material (introduction, +linenotes, endnotes) does not always match the body text; words are +printed as shown. In citations, capitalization of German is unchanged. + +Commas at the end of Glossary entries are not errors. The letters I and +J are alphabetized together. Initial U is written and alphabetized as V. + + +_Introduction_ + + ASec. 1 + still worse is the fact, that he did not recognize + [comma unchanged] + Footnote 1: ... written down from oral recitation.aEuro(TM) + [close quote invisible] + + ASec. 2 + II. C. d. Tho he be {st}rod anoble {st}ede ... + Torent be {str}ode a stede {str}ong + [body text has aEurooea nobleaEuro and aEurooebe-strodaEuro (both times)] + + ASec. 3 + 1. No part. pres. on-_ond_ ... + [printed as shown at line break: error for aEurooe_onond_aEuro?] + + ASec. 4 + (3) In the Northern collection, pp. lxi and lxiv. HerrigaEuro(TM)s _Archiv_ + [text has aEurooeArchiv.aEuro with superfluous period] + Footnote 8: F. H. v. d. Hagen + [text has aEurooeF. H., v. d.aEuro with superfluous comma] + 10. (... as may be gleaned from l. 2440.) + [final . missing] + + [Eglamour and Torrent, parallel] + _Eglamour_, Linc. MS. Note on 1267: + [line also printed at bottom of preceding page (partway through + parallel passages)] + +_Notes_ + + p. 3, l. 59. ... _The Lyfe of Ipomydon_ + [spelling unchanged; elsewhere aEurooeIpomadonaEuro] + p. 16, l. 429-31. ...--I. Hall. + [error for J(oseph)? normal citation form is aEurooeHallaEuro, without + initial, in small capitals] + p. 21, l. 555. [text has aEurooep. 21.aEuro] + p. 29, l. 819. On the meaning of the phrase aEuro~_the bord beginne_,aEuro(TM) + [close quote missing] + p. 42, ... Cf. _Li B. Disc._, l. 130 f. + [missing . after l] + p. 63, l. 1799. ... To child no wyf + [printed as shown; expected form is aEurooene wyfaEuro] + p. 70, l. 2010. + [aEurooel.aEuro missing] + p. 86, l. 2493. ... XII. und XIII. Iahrhundert + [error for aEurooeJahrhundertaEuro? book cited is not printed in fraktur] + p. 90, l. 2593. ... aEuro~And heom markede forAe', + [printed as shown, with Ae' for expected A deg.] + the later MSS. writes: + [error for aEurooeMS.aEuro _or_ aEurooewriteaEuro] + +_Glossary_ + + _harood_ ... 82/2365, _harroldys_, _sb. pl._ heralds. + [text has 82/2365; with semicolon for comma] + _prekand_, 45/1263, _prs. p._ pricking. + [missing comma] + _rightfull_, 64/1834, _adj._ rightfull. + [printed as shown] + _roall_, 85/2450, _adj._ royal. + [aEurooeadj.aEuro missing] + _storrope_, 35/987, _sb._ stirrup. + _tymbyr_, 2/40, 81/2349, 86/2483, _sb._ lance. + [aEurooesb.aEuro missing in both entries] + _wyght_,* 1/15, 3/60. + [final . may be error for ,] + _wyhte_, 30/848, _adj._ wight. + [text has aEurooe30/548aEuro] + +_Names_ + + _Desonell{e}_ ... 2614, King [text has 2614; with semicolon] + _SarEins_, 2232, Saracens. + [Index has aEurooeSarzinsaEuro but body text has aEurooeSarEinsaEuro] + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Torrent of Portyngale, by Unknown + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TORRENT OF PORTYNGALE *** + +***** This file should be named 35190.txt or 35190.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/5/1/9/35190/ + +Produced by Louise Hope, Taavi Kalju and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This +book was produced from scanned images of public domain +material from the Google Print project.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +http://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need, are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +http://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at http://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit http://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations. +To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + http://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. diff --git a/35190.zip b/35190.zip Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..cacfc56 --- /dev/null +++ b/35190.zip diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6312041 --- /dev/null +++ b/LICENSE.txt @@ -0,0 +1,11 @@ +This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements, +metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be +in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES. + +Procedures for determining public domain status are described in +the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org. + +No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in +jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize +this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright +status under the laws that apply to them. diff --git a/README.md b/README.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..19ab6e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/README.md @@ -0,0 +1,2 @@ +Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for +eBook #35190 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/35190) |
