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diff --git a/34893.txt b/34893.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..ec66f73 --- /dev/null +++ b/34893.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3889 @@ +Project Gutenberg's Beautiful Gardens in America, by Louise Shelton + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Beautiful Gardens in America + +Author: Louise Shelton + +Release Date: January 9, 2011 [EBook #34893] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BEAUTIFUL GARDENS IN AMERICA *** + + + + +Produced by Annie McGuire. This book was produced from +scanned images of public domain material from the Internet +Archive. + + + + + + + + + +[Illustration: Book Cover] + + + + +BEAUTIFUL GARDENS +IN AMERICA + + + + +BOOKS BY LOUISE SHELTON +PUBLISHED BY CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS + + * * * * * + + BEAUTIFUL GARDENS IN AMERICA. Illustrated. 4to _net_ $5.00 + CONTINUOUS BLOOM IN AMERICA. Illustrated. 4to _net_ $2.00 + THE SEASONS IN A FLOWER GARDEN. Illustrated. 12mo _net_ $1.00 + + + + +[Illustration: PLATE I +"Mariemont," Newport, R. I. Mrs. Thomas J. Emory +_After an autochrome photograph by Miss Johnston--Mrs. Hewitt_] + + + + +BEAUTIFUL GARDENS +IN AMERICA + + +BY +LOUISE SHELTON + + +[Illustration] + + +SECOND EDITION + + +NEW YORK +CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS +1916 + + + + +COPYRIGHT, 1915, BY +CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS + + + + +DEDICATED TO THE PRAISE OF THOSE AMERICAN +MEN AND WOMEN, OF WHATSOEVER +PERIOD, WHO HAVE PLANTED SO BEAUTIFULLY +THAT THEIR GARDENS ARE AN INSPIRATION +TO OTHERS IN ALL GENERATIONS + + + + +IN GREEN OLD GARDENS + + + Here may I live what life I please, + Married and buried out of sight, + Married to pleasure, and buried to pain, + Hidden away amongst scenes like these + Under the fans of the chestnut trees: + Living my child-life over again, + With the further hope of a fuller delight, + Blithe as the birds and wise as the bees. + In green old gardens hidden away + From sight of revel, and sound of strife, + Here have I leisure to breathe and move, + And do my work in a nobler way; + To sing my songs, and to say my say; + To dream my dreams, and to love my love, + To hold my faith and to live my life, + Making the most of its shadowy day. + + --VIOLET FANE. + + + + +CONTENTS + + PAGE + FOREWORD xv + CHAPTER + I. THE GARDEN AND ITS MEANING 1 + II. CLIMATE IN AMERICA 8 + III. NEW ENGLAND 13 + MAINE 14 + NEW HAMPSHIRE AND VERMONT 27 + MASSACHUSETTS 37 + RHODE ISLAND 79 + CONNECTICUT 89 + IV. NEW YORK 99 + LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK 127 + V. NEW JERSEY 155 + VI. PENNSYLVANIA 187 + VII. MARYLAND 205 + VIII. VIRGINIA 219 + IX. SOUTH CAROLINA 235 + X. GEORGIA AND FLORIDA 247 + XI. TENNESSEE AND MISSOURI 255 + XII. ILLINOIS AND INDIANA 265 + XIII. OHIO 277 + XIV. MICHIGAN AND WISCONSIN 287 + XV. NEW MEXICO 299 + XVI. CALIFORNIA 303 + XVII. OREGON AND WASHINGTON 323 + XVIII. ALASKA 337 + XIX. VANCOUVER ISLAND 340 + A FEW GARDEN GATES 347 + + + + +ILLUSTRATIONS + + +COLOR-PLATES + + PLATE + + I "MARIEMONT," NEWPORT, R. I. _Frontispiece_ + + II } + III } "FAIRLAWN," LENOX, MASS. _Facing page_ 42 + + IV THE AUTHOR'S CHILDHOOD GARDEN 106 + + V SOUTHAMPTON, L. I. 130 + + VI "GLEN ALPINE," MORRISTOWN, N. J. 160 + + VII } + VIII } ROLAND PARK, BALTIMORE, MD. 210 + +_Plates I, V, VII, and VIII were reproduced from photographs colored by +Mrs. Herbert A. Raynes, the basis of which were autochrome photographs._ + + +HALF-TONE PLATES + + PLATE + + 1 "KENARDEN LODGE," BAR HARBOR, MAINE + + 2 "BLAIR EYRIE," BAR HARBOR, MAINE + + 3 } + 4 } "HAMILTON HOUSE," SOUTH BERWICK, MAINE + 5 } + + 6 } + 7 } + 8 } CORNISH, N. H. + 9 } + 10 } + + 11 OLD BENNINGTON, VT. + + 12 } + 13 } "WELD," BROOKLINE, MASS. + 14 } + + 15 WELLESLEY, MASS. + + 16 "HOLM LEA," BROOKLINE, MASS. + + 17 } + 18 } "FAIRLAWN," LENOX, MASS. + 19 } + + 20 } + 21 } "BELLEFONTAINE," LENOX, MASS. + 22 } + + 23 "OVERLOCH," WENHAM, MASS. + + 24 "FERNBROOKE," LENOX, MASS. + + 25 "CHESTERWOOD," GLENDALE, MASS. + + 26 } + 27 } "RIVERSIDE FARM," TYRINGHAM, MASS. + 28 } + + 29 "NAUM KEAG," STOCKBRIDGE, MASS. + + 30 "BROOKSIDE," GREAT BARRINGTON, MASS. + + 31 "ROCK MAPLE FARM," HAMILTON, MASS. + + 32 BROOKLINE, MASS. + + 33 LONGFELLOW'S GARDEN, CAMBRIDGE, MASS. + + 34 OLD WITCH HOUSE, SALEM, MASS. + + 35 "MARIEMONT," NEWPORT, R. I. + + 36 "THE ELMS," NEWPORT, R. I. + + 37 "VERNON COURT," NEWPORT, R. I. + + 38 "VILLASERRA," WARREN, R. I. + + 39 "WOODSIDE," HARTFORD, CONN. + + 40 "ELMWOOD," POMFRET, CONN. + + 41 POMFRET CENTRE, CONN. + + 42 "BRANFORD HOUSE," GROTON, CONN. + + 43 POMFRET CENTRE, CONN. + + 44 } AUBURN, N. Y. + 45 } + + 46 SECTION OF A WILD GARDEN AT TUXEDO PARK, N. Y. + + 47 "WOODLAND," TUXEDO, N. Y. + + 48 "CRAGSWERTHE," TUXEDO, N. Y. + + 49 "BLITHEWOOD," BARRYTOWN-ON-HUDSON, N. Y. + + 50 } + 51 } "WODENETHE," BEACON-ON-HUDSON, N. Y. + + 52 } + 53 } THE AUTHOR'S CHILDHOOD GARDEN, NEWBURGH-ON-HUDSON, N. Y. + + 54 "ECHO LAWN," NEWBURGH-ON-HUDSON, N. Y. + + 55 } + 56 } "MEADOWBURN," WARWICK, N. Y. + + 57 "RIDGELAND FARM," BEDFORD, N. Y. + + 58 SOUTHAMPTON, L. I. + + 59 } + 60 } + 61 } "THE ORCHARD," SOUTHAMPTON, L. I. + 62 } + + 63 } + 64 } "THE APPLETREES," SOUTHAMPTON, L. I. + + 65 SOUTHAMPTON, L. I. + + 66 } + 67 } + 68 } EAST HAMPTON, L. I. + 69 } + + 70 "MANOR HOUSE," GLEN COVE, L. I. + + 71 CEDARHURST, L. I. + + 72 WESTBURY, L. I. + + 73 "MANOR HOUSE," GLEN COVE, L. I. + + 74 "SYLVESTER MANOR," SHELTER ISLAND + + 75 "CHERRYCROFT," MORRISTOWN, N. J. + + 76 "RIDGEWOOD HILL," MORRISTOWN, N. J. + + 77 MORRISTOWN, N. J. + + 78 } + 79 } "BLAIRSDEN," PEAPACK, N. J. + 80 } + + 81 "BROOKLAWN," SHORT HILLS, N. J. + + 82 } + 83 } "DRUMTHWACKET," PRINCETON, N. J. + 84 } + + 85 "ONUNDA," MADISON, N. J. + + 86 "GLEN ALPINE," MORRISTOWN, N. J. + + 87 "THORNTON," RUMSON, N. J. + + 88 HIGHLAND, N. J. + + 89 "ALLGATES," HAVERFORD, PA. + + 90 } ANDALUSIA, PA. + 91 } + + 92 "EDGECOMBE," CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA, PA. + + 93 "KRISHEIM," CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA, PA. + + 94 } + 95 } "WILLOW BANK," BRYN MAWR, PA. + + 96 "FANCY FIELD," CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA, PA. + + 97 "TIMBERLINE," BRYN MAWR, PA. + + 98 "BALLYGARTH," CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA, PA. + + 99 "HAMPTON," TOWSON, MD. + + 100 "EVERGREEN-ON-AVENUE," BALTIMORE, MD. + + 101 "CYLBURN HOUSE," CYLBURN, BALTIMORE CO., MD. + + 102 "INGLESIDE," CATONSVILLE, MD. + + 103 "THE BLIND," HAVRE DE GRACE, MD. + + 104 } + 105 } MONTPELIER, VA. + 106 } + 107 } + + 108 } "ROSE HILL," GREENWOOD, VA. + 109 } + + 110 "MEADOWBROOK MANOR," DREWRY'S BLUFF, VA. + + 111 RICHMOND, VA. + + 112 } "MAGNOLIA GARDEN," CHARLESTON, S. C. + 113 } + + 114 } + 115 } "PRESTON GARDEN," COLUMBIA, S. C. + 116 } + + 117 } + 118 } "GREEN COURT," AUGUSTA, GA. + 119 } + + 120 TROPICAL GROWTH, PALM BEACH, FLA. + + 121 "ROSTREVOR," KNOXVILLE, TENN. + + 122 LONGVIEW, TENN. + + 123 "HAZELWOOD," KINLOCH, MO. + + 124 LAKE FOREST, ILL. + + 125 "HARDIN HALL," HUBBARD'S WOOD, ILL. + + 126 } "THE FARMS," MONTICELLO, ILL. + 127 } + + 128 } THE ROCK GARDEN, "ENGLISHTON PARK," LEXINGTON, IND. + 129 } + + 130 "GWINN," CLEVELAND, OHIO + + 131 } + 132 } CLIFTON, CINCINNATI, OHIO + 133 } + + 134 "SHADYSIDE," PAINESVILLE, OHIO + + 135 } + 136 } "INDIAN HILL," MENTOR, OHIO + + 137 "ORCHARD HOUSE," ALMA, MICH. + + 138 "GARRA-TIGH," BAY CITY, MICH. + + 139 "FAIRLAWN," GROSSE POINTS SHORES, MICH. + + 140 } "HOUSE-IN-THE-WOODS," LAKE GENEVA, WIS. + 141 } + + 142 LAS CRUCES, N. M. + + 143 } "KIMBERLY CREST," REDLANDS, CAL. + 144 } + + 145 "GLENDESSARY," SANTA BARBARA, CAL. + + 146 } + 147 } "PIRANHURST," SANTA BARBARA, CAL. + 148 } + + 149 ROSS, CAL. + + 150 PASADENA, CAL. + + 151 } + 152 } + 153 } "CANON CREST PARK," REDLANDS, CAL. + 154 } + + 155 TYPICAL GROWTH IN CALIFORNIA + + 156 } + 157 } "THORNEWOOD," TACOMA, WASH. + 158 } + + 159 } + 160 } SEATTLE, WASH. + + 161 SECTION OF A ROSE HEDGE BORDERING AN AVENUE IN PORTLAND, ORE. + + 162 "ROSECREST," PORTLAND HEIGHTS, PORTLAND, ORE. + + 163 "CLIFF COTTAGE," ELK ROCK, PORTLAND, ORE. + + 164 "HIGH HATCH," RIVERWOOD, PORTLAND, ORE. + + 165 } + 166 } VICTORIA CITY, VANCOUVER ISLAND, B. C. + + 167 LONGVIEW, TENN. + + 168 "KNOCK-MAE-CREE," WESTPORT, CONN. + + 169 } + 170 } "HAMILTON HOUSE," SOUTH BERWICK, MAINE + + 171 } + 172 } "GLEN ALPINE," MORRISTOWN, N. J. + + 173 EAST HAMPTON, L. I. + + 174 "GLENDESSARY," SANTA BARBARA, CAL. + + 175 CLIFTON, CINCINNATI, OHIO. + + 176 "THORNEWOOD," TACOMA, WASH. + +TITLE-PAGE: EAST HAMPTON, L. I., ALBERT HERTER, ESQ. +From a photograph by Jessie Tarbox Beals. + + + + + "A garden was wonderful at night--a place of strange silences + and yet stranger sound: trees darkly guarding mysterious + paths that ran into caverns of darkness; the scents of + flowers rising from damp earth heavy with dew; flowers that + were weary with the dust and noise of the day and slept + gently, gratefully, with their heads drooping to the soil, + their petals closed by the tender hands of the spirits of + the garden. The night sounds were strangely musical. Cries + that were discordant in the day mingled now with the running + of distant water, the last notes of some bird before it + slept, the measured harmony of a far-away bell, the gentle + rustle of some arrival in the thickets; the voice that could + not be heard in the noisy chatter of the day rose softly now + in a little song of the night and the dark trees and the + silver firelight of the stars." + + --HUGH WALPOLE. + + + + +FOREWORD + + +Books and magazines written by and for American architects usually show +in their illustrations fine imitations of lovely French, English, and +Italian formalism and works of art in marble or other stone ornamenting +the gardens of great mansions in this country. + +The object of this book is to present, more particularly, another type +of garden, demonstrating the cultured American's love of beauty +expressed through plant life rather than in stone; showing the +development of his ideal in more original directions, when planning for +himself the garden spot in which he is to live rather than when building +wholly in imitation of some accepted type of classic art. + +With but few exceptions, these illustrations are of a class which might +be called personal gardens. The attractive features in nearly every view +speak so eloquently for themselves that there seems but little need of +detailed verbal description of each beautiful spot. + +In covering all sections of the country, occasion is given for the +observation and study of widely varying climatic conditions, the +results of which the author has also sought to consider. + +Some difficulty has been felt in properly ascribing the ownership of a +number of the gardens illustrated. As a rule, there is but one +recognized director of the garden's welfare--rarely are two members of a +household equally interested. While he is by custom acknowledged master +of the house, it is oftener she who rules supreme among the flowers. +Misnaming the real possessor might be a serious mistake; attributing the +ownership to two is superfluous; the benefit, where any doubt existed, +has been therefore given to the fair sex, with due apology for possible +errors. + + LOUISE SHELTON. + MORRISTOWN, N. J., + October 28, 1915. + + + + +BEAUTIFUL GARDENS + +IN AMERICA + + + + +A GARDEN + + Come not with careless feet + To tread my garden's unfrequented ways. + No highroad this, no busy clanging street, + No place of petty shows and fond displays. + Here there are blossoms sweet + That shrink and pine from inconsiderate gaze; + And here the birds repeat + Only to loving ears their truest lays. + Hither I can retreat + And drink of peace where peace unravished stays. + Herein are streams of sorrow no man knows-- + Herein a well of joy inviolate flows; + Come not with careless feet + To soil my garden's sanctuary ways. + + --ANONYMOUS. + + + + +I + +THE GARDEN AND ITS MEANING + + +A world without flowers! What would it be? Among those who know, such a +question needs no answer--and we are not seeking a reply from the +uninitiated who, for lack of understanding and sympathy, can but gaze at +us with wondering pity, when our gardens cause us to overlook so much +that to them means life. But is there any life more real than the life +in the garden for those who actually take part in its creation and +nurture it carefully week by week and year by year? If, owing to this +absorbing occupation, we fail to give a full share of ourselves to some +of the social avocations of the busy world are we to be pitied for +getting "back to the soil" to which we belong? Man was put by the +Creator "in the Garden of Eden to dress it and to keep it," and even +after his forced departure therefrom he was bidden to "till the ground," +and the reward seems great to us who know the meaning of the signs and +wonders continually being revealed in the garden world. + +In seeking the simpler life which many are now craving, if luxuries are +blessings that we could do without, must we count the flower garden a +luxury? Not while its beauty is a joy in which others may share, nor +when it helps to keep at home our interests which make the real home. +There is a luxury that often induces the roaming spirit, and doubtless +were there fewer motors there would be still more gardens and +incidentally more home life. Yet notwithstanding this temptation to +roam, gardens are now on the increase in almost every section of the +United States. We have made a brave beginning of which to be justly +proud. + +If only we could live in the world more as we live in the garden, what +joy and contentment would be brought into the daily life! In the garden +hurry and noise are needless, for perfect system can prevail where each +plant, each labor has its own especial time, and where haste is a +stranger, quiet reigns. It is in the stillness of the green world that +we hear the sounds that make for peace and growth. In the garden, too, +we labor faithfully, as best we know how, in following rules that +promise good results. Then at a certain time we must stand aside, +consciously trusting to the source of life to do the rest. With hopeful +eyes we watch and wait, while the mysterious unseen spirit brings life +into plant and tree. When something goes wrong, how sublime is our +cheerful garden philosophy, as smiling we say: "Just wait until we try +next year!" And patiently we try again, and ever patiently, sometimes +again and yet again. Our unwritten motto is: "If others can, then why +not we?" Even the man who "contends that God is not" shows all this +wondrous reliance in the unseen force within his garden. + +With hands plunged into the cool earth we seem to bury in the magic soil +all thoughts that jar till we almost feel ourselves a part of the garden +plan; as much in harmony with it as the note of the bird, the soft +splash of the fountain, the tints of the flowers and their perfumes. +This idea is better expressed in four lines found inscribed on an old +garden seat: + + "The kiss of the sun for pardon, + The song of the birds for mirth, + One is nearer God's heart in a garden + Than anywhere else on earth." + +It is not a selfish life--the object in view is not a narrow one. How +few would be content to create a beautiful garden if none could see! And +our pleasure is not complete until others have shared its sweetness with +us. The gardener is developing nature in the simplest and truest way, +following the thought of the first great Architect and gladdening the +hearts of men with the vision beautiful of the possibilities within +plant life. In the flower garden the efforts are for upbuilding, for +giving back some of the beauty intended in the Perfect Plan, too often +defaced by man's heedlessness. + +Dating back their beginning some two hundred years in certain Southern +States, numerous gardens, beautiful with age, tell the story of the +ardent garden lovers of earlier days, who had to send abroad for their +green treasures which they planted and carefully tended, hopefully +planning for the future. Many such gardens with their choice shrubs and +trees still stand as green memorials to those long-ago people who had +time and money for this luxury. Since then the hardships following war +have brought sad neglect to the beautiful places--the number we can +never guess--many of which, however, are now being aroused to fresh life +by new owners who appreciate the charm and dignity of an ancient home. + +Hidden away in some of the old plantations of the South, and scattered +over the Eastern States, near Philadelphia, along the Hudson River, and +in parts of Massachusetts, the best of the older gardens are found. +Beautiful, too, while often beyond reach of the camera, are many of the +more modern creations so skilfully and lovingly fashioned by men and +women of later generations. It is impossible to do justice in +photography to some of them when certain conditions prevent the camera +from being placed at a range favorable to getting a view of the larger +portions in one photograph. Sometimes they are composed of three or four +connecting sections, each bringing a surprised delight to the visitor +passing from one to the other, but such an arrangement cannot be +satisfactorily portrayed in a picture. + +One strange reason why some American gardens are not photographed for +the public is that occasionally people are found who will not share +their blessings with others less fortunate; who jealously keep in +seclusion all the wealth of nature's sweetness contained in their garden +plot. + +After all, is not the delight which belongs to a garden but a bit of +borrowed glory from the Creator of sunlight, and of the kingdom of +flowers? If a garden is worthy of showing to our intimates, can we close +it to the stranger who may need even more to breathe inspiration from +its peace and loveliness? The foreign custom of opening the fine places +to the public on stated days is one that we should freely emulate. And +to those who may not come to the gardens, what a boon is photography, +especially in color, placing in our very hands the beauty that we crave! + +The views contained within this book show gardens that were planned, +with but few exceptions, by their owners, earnestly laboring to express +their sense of the beautiful in these their outdoor homes. And so great +is the individuality evinced in most of them that there are hardly two +gardens that resemble one another; for the differences in gardens are as +many as the endless number of varying characters written in the faces of +men. Both are stamped with the spirit behind them. In visiting gardens +it is not difficult to distinguish between the ones fashioned by "love's +labor" and those made by the practical gardener. + +More and more we are getting away from the cold, stiff planting of +Canna, Coleus, and Salvia. Few of us can tolerate the impression of +newness and rigidity in the garden, and as Father Time cannot help us +fast enough we try to emulate him by stamping his mark of mellowness in +innumerable ways upon the youthful garden. Then Mother Earth is +consulted as to her unrivalled way for the grouping of her flower +family, and she shows us the close company they keep--hand in hand over +the whole meadow--nothing stands quivering alone, grasses and plants +blending to fill all spaces. Then above, in the rainbow, we learn the +harmony for our color scheme, and unto no nation on earth need we apply +for the latest theories dealing with these subjects for the beautifying +of our gardens. The more of the nature scheme we bring into them the +greater satisfaction will they give. + +We should build the garden with a setting of fine trees grouped upon the +outskirts, otherwise it will seem as incomplete as a portrait without a +frame. Half of the charm attached to the beautiful old gardens of Europe +lies in the richness of their backgrounds of stately hedges and trees. + +If comparisons were to be made between such views as those shown in this +book and the pictures of English gardens, for instance, the differences +would not in every case be favorable to England, although it must be +admitted that age has given a dignity and grandeur to many English +gardens that could hardly be surpassed. Time, doubtless, will add this +dignity to our gardens, but can we not feel that we have already +equalled some of the smaller English gardens when we consider the +poetical beauty found in most of these illustrations? + +Unfortunately, except in a few localities, our climate does not +encourage the perfect development of the choicest of the evergreen +hedge-plants, and yet with time we can produce some moderately fine +effects in hedges. We may not hope soon to rival the best of the foreign +gardens that have been maturing through generations of continuous care. +Favored not only by climate but by riches unknown to the early +landowners of our States, the best of the old gardens across the sea +stand for the combined dreams of the many minds which gradually evolved +them, the loving handiwork of innumerable patient toilers who have +successively ministered to them. + +Just as there are gardens peculiar to other nations, Dutch, French, +Italian, etc., might we not give serious consideration to evolving some +day a type peculiarly American, inasmuch as it would embody the poetic +and artistic sense of our country? Such a result might be attained even +should we claim the privilege of our individual liberty, to plant, each +one for the expression of his own soul, thus keeping our gardens +distinctly variable and original in type, and so ultimately national. + + + + +II + +CLIMATE IN AMERICA + + +Few subjects are more bewildering than that of climate in the United +States, and its effect on gardens in different sections is an ever +interesting study. Replying to the question as to which locality in the +East might be said to have the longest continued flowering period, an +expert in the Agricultural Department writes: "The question of plant +life in relation to climate is a very large one and one about which it +is hard to generalize without close study in the various parts of the +country. Some little work along these lines is being attempted, but as +yet we have been unable to make any report upon it." + +Correspondence with gardeners in the various States has furnished the +brief data given in connection with the following chapters, showing that +the local conditions as affecting garden culture are much more +encouraging in some places than in others. + +Not only are there the matters of latitude and altitude to be +considered, but often quite as important is the influence of the Gulf +Stream in the Atlantic or of the Japan Current in the Pacific Ocean. +Again, there is the moist climate by the sea, or the quality of soil, +the periodic torrential rainfall of one section, and elsewhere the long +months of drought. + +Generally speaking, our country is, in most parts, a land of sunshine, +with usually sufficient rain and moisture to benefit plant life, and +while we grumble at our sudden changes in temperature, how few of us +realize the blessing of an abundant sunshine pervading the "great +outdoors" and incidentally the gardens! + +Nowhere do flowers grow more luxuriantly, in greater variety, or through +a season more prolonged than on the coasts of Oregon, Washington, and +California,--soil, moisture, and temperature combining to make gardening +a simpler task than it is elsewhere. The shore country of Southern +California is a perpetual garden, with a climate almost unrivalled for +plants and for humans. North of San Francisco the near approach of the +Japan Current produces a climate quite similar to that of England, and +with the exception of possibly two months (and even then an occasional +Rose may bloom) flowers are found all the year round. This favored +section of the Northwest nevertheless is not visited with as much +sunshine as is found elsewhere, but its gardens blossom with little +assistance save from the frequent rainfall, more welcome to plants than +to men. + +In Kansas and the other flat and fertile States of the Middle West the +garden period, on account of the long, dry summers, is usually limited +to the weeks from late March to late June. In the more northern +temperature of the lake region gardens which flourish all summer are +numerous. + +The Atlantic States have a shorter blooming season than those on the +Pacific coast. Throughout the South, east of New Mexico, the warm +weather season is as prolonged as on the Pacific coast, and yet in the +Southern States garden bloom is checked half-way through the summer by +excessive heat and drought (except in the favored mountainous +localities), which at least interrupt the continuous succession of +flowers. For this reason gardening in the South except in spring, or in +high altitudes, is generally discouraged. + +Although not stated as an indisputable fact, scientifically, we are +inclined to believe that the seacoast section of the Maryland peninsula +is the locality in the East especially favorable to the most prolonged +season of bloom. Lying between sea and bay, this particular district in +the latitude for early spring and late frost enjoys also the benefit of +surrounding waters, escaping thereby the parching summer climate from +which gardens of the interior suffer, to the west and south and to the +north, almost as far as Philadelphia. + +In Maine conditions are different; April and May gardens are +conspicuously absent. The flower season generally begins in mid-June and +does not much exceed three months, but in that period the bloom is +exceptionally luxuriant. The season is necessarily a short one, as it is +throughout this latitude westward to Oregon, where after reaching the +Coast or Cascade Range there is a change and the climate becomes more +like that of England than Maine. Along the Atlantic coast from Maine to +New Jersey, where the climate is ideal for flowers, the greatest +proportion of Eastern gardens may be found, on the shore and inland as +well. + +So much for the general climatic effects upon flowers of the more +populous districts of our vast country. A few lines will suffice to +treat the climate question in connection with hedge-plants. + +While the summer climate in the Southern States has not generally a +salutary effect upon the flowers, yet it has favored the best +development of Boxwood, Holly, and certain other choice shrubs and +trees, which do not thrive well north of Philadelphia. Fine specimens of +Boxwood are rare sights in New England, where the more severe winters +have from time to time destroyed the top growth. Many old New England +gardens show the characteristic Box-edged path, but the shrub is usually +not over two feet high, and is likely to remain so unless eventually the +winter climate should moderate. Boxwood is seen on the Pacific coast, +north of San Francisco, but not to the south, where Cypress is popular. +There is little Boxwood in the latitude of New York City, except for +edgings, where for tall hedges Privet, Arbor-Vitae, Hemlock, and Spruce +are probably the most reliable evergreens. Arbor-Vitae is unlikely to +live longer than seventy years. + +Although all of our States are not represented in this volume, these +views are taken so generally from almost every section that the climatic +conditions describing one State may usually stand as well at least for +the States immediately adjoining. The only section of the Union omitted +is that part through which run the Rocky Mountains. As a rule, this part +of the country is not in its nature open to the cultivation of formal +gardens, although its wild flora is remarkable enough to deserve special +treatment. + +In the brief chapters to follow there will be given more detail relating +to climate, in order that we fellow gardeners in all parts of the Union +may know something more about one another's garden program, our several +problems, and our privileges in this outdoor life that we lead. + + + + +III + +NEW ENGLAND + + +With dreams of the English gardens ever before them, our Pilgrim fathers +and mothers brought flower and vegetable seeds to the new land, and the +earliest entries in old Plymouth records contain mention of "garden +plotes."[1] John Josselyn, fifty years later, wrote a book called "New +England Rarities Discovered," including a list of plants originally +brought from old England, mentioning those suitable or not for this +climate, and showing that our ancestors had lost no time in planting not +only vegetables for the benefit of their bodies but flowers as well for +the cheer of their souls. + +The New England States naturally have the largest representation in this +book, owing to the fact that the climate of numerous Western and +Southern States causes many of the inhabitants to find summer homes near +the North Atlantic seaboard. It is not that the New Englander is a more +ardent gardener, but rather that ardent gardeners from elsewhere are +tempted by the soil and climate to join the Easterners in creating these +flower "plotes," which beautify hundreds of hamlets in this section. On +the coast particularly flowers grow most luxuriantly, even within a few +hundred yards of the surf, where snug gardens protected by windbreak +hedges blossom as serenely as in an inland meadow. Not long ago most +people believed that gardening or gardens near the sea were an +impossibility; but when they realized the hardiness of certain dense +shrubs that make perfect hedges and windbreaks, gardens on the shore +sprang rapidly into existence, and we of the inland are apt to envy +nature's partiality to seaside flowers. + + +MAINE + +At Bar Harbor on the island of Mount Desert, Maine, as in other places +of this latitude, the season, of course, begins later and ends sooner +than near New York City. The flowering period is from five to six weeks +shorter at Bar Harbor. However, the wonderful summer climate somewhat +atones for this briefer season, and the gardens of Maine can boast of +unusual luxuriance, in richness of color and size of plants, with but +little heat or prolonged drought to affect their best development. The +hardier seeds sown in the open will germinate in mid-May; tender annuals +in June; the plants of tender annuals go out soon after June 10. +Daffodils appear about May 15, followed by late Tulips; German Iris +appears in the week of June 10; Sweet William and Roses in early July; +Delphinium in mid-July, and Hollyhocks about July 28. Late Phlox is at +its best by mid-August. + +Thus the plants beginning to bloom near New York City in May and early +June do not, on account of the colder spring, appear at Bar Harbor for +several weeks to come, when they unite their bloom with the flowers of a +later period. The slow-coming spring retards earlier bloom, but has less +effect on that of midsummer. The summer residents owning gardens in +Maine rarely arrive much before the last of June, and consequently such +early bloomers as Tulips, etc., are not seen as often as in the milder +climates. In this northern State frost usually destroys the garden by +September 15. + +Not only is it possible to grow all the favorite flowers along the +shore, but even on the islands lying off the coast of Maine there are +innumerable little gardens, such as those at Isleborough, which revel in +the moist sea climate of midsummer and blossom most satisfactorily until +frost. At this point it is interesting to contrast the climate of the +North Atlantic section with the region directly across the continent +along the Pacific coast, where at Vancouver's Island, for instance, +plant life enjoys a climate similar to that of England, with a growing +season quite as prolonged. + +There are beautiful gardens at Bar Harbor, on the estates along the +shore as well as farther inland. Most of them, screened by fine growths +of trees and shrubbery from view of the highway, are equally well +protected from sea-winds, blooming luxuriantly in spite of the fact that +not very long ago the best authorities believed that gardens on this +shore could never prosper. Two of the most noted at Mount Desert are +shown in the following pages. + +At Kenarden Lodge the garden in the clear atmosphere of this northern +climate is most beautiful in form and coloring, and its background of +distant hills combines to intensify the charm of this famous place, +which is in bloom all summer. The centre beds are filled with annuals in +prevailing colors of pink, blue, and white, noticeably Snapdragon, +Ageratum, Sweet Alyssum, pink Geranium, and Begonia. Planted in masses, +these and other dependable annuals blossom as long as needed. The broad +green sod paths act as a setting to the delicate hues covering the beds. +The perennials are banked against the vine-covered walls. + +The Blair Eyrie garden on the High Brook Road is equally inviting and +contains many other attractive features beyond the limits of this +restricted view. Peacefully retired behind its boundaries of trimmed +hedge and dense woodland, it must always delight the flower lover. +Perennials abound with a good supply of enlivening annuals. Its +surroundings of evergreen trees are in strong contrast to the brilliant +tones of Phlox, Lilies, Hydrangeas, and Hollyhocks, and this garden as +seen from an upper terrace is a blaze of lovely color framed in green. + +In southern Maine the garden at Hamilton House has no rival in that +section of New England. The hand of an artist has wrought a perfect +scheme delightfully in accord with an ideal environment; but pictures +cannot do it justice. Within the grassy court of the main garden the +several small open beds are filled with groups of annuals. The rear beds +contain tall-growing perennials mixed with some annuals. There are weeks +when the garden is all pink, and again all blue and white. It is +surrounded on three sides with most artistic pergolas, from one side of +which the view down the Piscataqua River is a picturesque feature. Stone +steps on another side lead to an upper garden filled with bloom +surrounding a quaint and ancient little building kept as a studio. In +isolation, simplicity, and ripeness the atmosphere of the whole place +breathes of olden days, and might well be taken as a model for a perfect +American garden. Its gates may be seen in a later section. + + +[Illustration: PLATE 1 +"Kenarden Lodge," Mrs. John S. Kennedy, Bar Harbor, Maine] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 2 +"Blair Eyrie," Bar Harbor, Maine +Garden of the late D. C. Blair, Esq.] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 3 +"Hamilton House," South Berwick, Maine. Mrs. George S. Tyson] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 4 +End of pergola] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 5 +Garden looking east +"Hamilton House," South Berwick, Maine. Mrs. George S. Tyson] + + +NEW HAMPSHIRE AND VERMONT + +Side by side, these twin States have much in common--climate, mountains, +and old historical associations included. Owing to the short, cool +summers of this latitude and altitude, there may be less attention given +to flowers than in other parts of New England. But the few illustrations +in the following pages are fine evidences of garden art, at least in the +region of Cornish, the abode of artists, and where gardens are +plentiful. The season opens about four weeks later than near New York +City, and in early September frost lays waste the splendid bloom while +still in its prime. Although flowers are slow in appearing, a perfection +of growth later makes up for lost time. In fact, climatic conditions are +so favorable to summer plants that, once started, the garden tasks are +lighter than in warmer climates, where drought and pests are more +prevalent. + +Possibly the most famous of Cornish gardens is that of Charles A. Platt, +Esq., whose beautiful gardens in several States are numerous and noted. +His own hillside place is a labyrinth of flowers, admirably suiting the +environment, spacious and dignified in its rich simplicity. + +Perfectly in accord also with the atmosphere of this mountain country is +the lovely garden of Stephen Parrish, Esq., delightfully unique and +suggesting a little English garden. This enclosure of flowers is but a +section of a broader plan where pool, grass, and trees are pleasant +factors. + +Mrs. Hyde's garden is a mass of bloom composed chiefly of the +longest-lived annuals and giving a charming color effect to this +picturesque spot. + +The best gardens of Vermont, with its still greater area of uplands, are +probably those in and around Manchester and Bennington. They are usually +of the simplest character, and lovely under the personal care of devoted +owners. One worthy of special attention is seen in the view of +Longmeadow garden, which is an example of the great value of trees as a +background, and a strong argument in their behalf. As a gem needs a +setting, so the flowers, in even the most modest planting, are doubly +fair when framed in luxuriant green. + + +[Illustration: PLATE 6 +Cornish, N. H. Charles A. Platt, Esq. +_From a photograph by Jessie Tarbox Beals_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 7 +Cornish, N. H. Charles A. Platt, Esq.] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 8 +Cornish, N. H. Mrs. George Rublee +_From photographs by Jessie Tarbox Beals_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 9 +Cornish, N. H. Stephen Parrish, Esq. +_From a photograph by Jessie Tarbox Beals_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 10 +Cornish, N. H. Mrs. William H. Hyde +_From a photograph by Jessie Tarbox Beals_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 11 +Old Bennington, Vt. Mrs. James A. Eddy] + + +MASSACHUSETTS + +Probably no other section of the Union contains as many gardens, old and +new, as does this fertile State, combining the advantages natural to the +altitude of the beautiful Berkshires with the favorable climate of the +coast. People representing nearly every State help to form the summer +colonies of New England, more especially in Massachusetts. Everywhere +the luxuriance of bloom is very marked and most noticeable on the coast, +where all plants, especially certain less long-lived annuals like +Poppies, Salpiglossis, and Mallows, reach their limit of perfection and +continue at their best for an unusual period. In the latitude of Boston +the season starts two weeks later than near New York City, and the +gardens, beginning in the German Iris period, open about the fifth of +June. The Sweet William and its contemporaries follow by late June; the +Delphinium period is early July; Hollyhocks come about July 20. Tender +annuals can be safely planted out soon after June 1. + +The garden season in the hill country opens a few days later than at +Boston, and in the Berkshires the frost is apt to destroy the garden +before September 20. Where the thermometer may drop occasionally to +twenty degrees below zero, ample winter covering is necessary, and snow +adds its still better protection to the plants during most of the winter +months. The average summer heat is not excessive and, although droughts +must sometimes be reckoned with, the water supply is generally +sufficient. + +It would be a serious matter to attempt to name the best gardens in this +State, for who could judge where such an infinite variety exists? At +least some of the best examples in photography can be given, although +each view but hints at the fuller beauty to be found in the garden +itself. + +Of the many wonderful gardens in Massachusetts possibly the most +remarkable of all is Weld, in Brookline, which is known to gardeners far +and wide. There is nothing in America more extensive and more richly +planted. The numerous beds are filled with bloom for many weeks, and +each bed contains a massing of one variety, whether perennials or +annuals, which, when it has finished flowering, is replaced by something +of another period. The French features in the garden are prominent and +the planting may be considered American in some respects--altogether a +most pleasant combination. + +Of a distinctly opposite type but equally delightful is Holm Lea, near +Brookline, and a score of photographs would be necessary to depict this +place of flowering shrubs and perennial bloom bordering the winding +grass paths leading from one lovely spot to another. + +An extremely interesting and unusual type in America is the stately +green garden at Wellesley, at this time without a rival in its +particular style of planting. Because of its frequent appearance in +various magazines of the country it is too well known to need further +description. + +Of still another class and very beautiful is one of the most noted +gardens in the Berkshires planned entirely by the owner of Fairlawn, +Lenox. It is a series of formal gardens, in coloring and setting most +perfectly devised. But how useless a photographic description when +applied to a combination of gardens spread over one or two acres! +Several pools and many old shade-trees play an important part, and its +charm is still more enhanced by the wide view of the distant hills +fitting so perfectly into the garden scheme. + +Three fine illustrations of Bellefontaine but feebly suggest the beauty +of a place made of splendid gardens, pools, and temple, long shaded +grass walks lined with statuary and other features of Roman art, +blending with the natural attractions of this estate. Gardens, lawns, +and ponds have the rich woodlands as background, the hedges and shrubs +are developed maturely, and everywhere there are charming effects in +"green life." Most of this work, it is interesting to add, has been +accomplished under the direction of the owner. + +Picturesque indeed are other Lenox gardens, including White Lodge. The +latter place is noted for its little white garden enclosed in a tall +green hedge, and the main garden, especially in June and August, +contains a delicious color scheme. Broad grass steps are another feature +of the place. Views were not obtainable in time for this volume. + +At Fernbrooke is found the garden of an artist and sculptor, a study in +color and in garden design most artistically planned, but rambling +enough to prevent a connected view in photography. Golden Italian gourds +pendent from the pergolas; standard currant bushes bordering a path and +covered with red berries as late as September; dwarf fruit trees too, +used decoratively, are among the happy points of interest. + +The scheme of the garden of a famous sculptor at Chesterwood, in +Glendale, is not as dependent on flowers as on the well-considered +adjustment of garden equipment to the natural beauty of the environment. +Sunshine mingling with the shadows of the spreading trees plays its part +by giving life and color in changeful tones to the old stone seat and +fountain. The vine-covered arch frames a view of the flower-bordered +path which fades away into a woodland, and these with other sights +gladsome to lovers of such art have given Chesterwood its place in the +ranks of beautiful gardens. + +At Riverside Farm, overhanging the beautiful Tyringham Valley, and +possessing possibly the most wonderful of all Berkshire views, is the +dainty garden shown in the accompanying illustrations. It is the work of +an artist, and truly a place of delight. The garden nestles to the +hillside, enclosed in a low stone wall. On one side the sloping hill +down which winding rough stone steps descend to the garden; on another +side a rustic pergola and pool; the third side a line of old apple trees +overhanging the wall; the fourth side contains the simple entrance, and +beyond the boundaries on all three sides--the wonderful view. + +At Naumkeag, Stockbridge, the formal garden full of bloom, which is part +of a larger plan, has a wide-spread reputation. It is especially noted +for its battlement-cut hedge, and has as an accessory a splendid +landscape background, so common to the Berkshires and so desirable to +the garden beautiful. "Naumkeag" is the Indian name for Salem, meaning +"Haven of Rest." + +Recently completed at Great Barrington, the spacious garden at Brookside +is the best piece of Italian work in this section. The accompanying +illustration gives but a faint idea of its size, its flowers, and its +many other fine points. + +The two pictures illustrating the garden at Overloch, Wenham, and at +Rock Maple Farm, Hamilton, are still other good examples of the variety +and charm of the flower planting of this coast State. Both of these +views are unique, and in fact how seldom do we find sameness in gardens! + +Mr. Longfellow's place at Cambridge, Doctor Weld's at Brookline, and The +Witch's Place at Salem are typical of New England--the paths all edged +with Box, which shrub, on account of frost blights, has never attained +great height. These gardens are just simple, lovable little places +filled with shadows and sunshine, some flowers, and the good scent of +Box, which latter always seems so especially essential to old gardens. + +FOOTNOTES: + +[1] Quoted from "Old Time Gardens," by Alice Morse Earle. + + +[Illustration: PLATE II +"Fairlawn"] + + +[Illustration: PLATE III +"Fairlawn," Lenox, Mass. Miss Kneeland +_From autochrome photographs_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 12 +"Weld," Brookline, Mass. Mrs. Larz Anderson +_From a photograph by The J. Horace McFarland Co._] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 13 +"Weld," Brookline, Mass. Mrs. Larz Anderson +_From a photograph by Thomas Marr and Son_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 14 +"Weld," Brookline, Mass. Mrs. Larz Anderson +_From a photograph by Thomas Marr and Son_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 15 +Wellesley, Mass. H. H. Hunnewell, Esq. +_From a photograph by Wurts Bros._] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 16 +"Holm Lea," Brookline, Mass. Professor C. S. Sargent +_From a photograph by The J. Horace McFarland Co._] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 17 +"Fairlawn," Lenox, Mass. Miss Kneeland +_From a photograph by William Radford_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 18] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 19 +"Fairlawn," Lenox, Mass. Miss Kneeland +_From photographs by William Radford_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 20 +"Bellefontaine," Lenox, Mass. Giraud Foster, Esq. +_From a photograph by Jessie Tarbox Beals_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 21 +"Bellefontaine," Lenox, Mass. Giraud Foster, Esq. +_From a photograph, copyright, by the Detroit Publishing Co._] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 22 +"Bellefontaine," Lenox, Mass. Giraud Foster, Esq. +_From a photograph by Jessie Tarbox Beals_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 23 +"Overloch," Wenham, Mass. J. A. Burnham, Esq. +_From a photograph by Miss M. H. Northend_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 24 +"Fernbrooke," Lenox, Mass. Thomas Shields Clark, Esq. +_From a photograph by Jessie Tarbox Beals_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 25 +"Chesterwood," Glendale, Mass. Daniel Chester French, Esq. +_From a photograph by Jessie Tarbox Beals_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 26 +"Riverside Farm," Tyringham, Mass. Mrs. Banyer Clarkson] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 27 +"Riverside Farm," Tyringham, Mass. Mrs. Banyer Clarkson +_From photographs by Jessie Tarbox Beals_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 28 +"Riverside Farm," Tyringham, Mass. Mrs. Banyer Clarkson +_From a photograph by Jessie Tarbox Beals_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 29 +"Naum Keag," Stockbridge, Mass. Joseph H. Choate, Esq. +_From a photograph by Jessie Tarbox Beals_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 30 +"Brookside," Great Barrington, Mass. Mrs. H. Hall Walker +_From a photograph lent by Ferruccio Vitali_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 31 +"Rock Maple Farm," Hamilton, Mass. George von L. Meyer, Esq. +_From a photograph by Miss M. H. Northend_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 32 +Brookline, Mass. Doctor Stephen Weld +_From a photograph by The J. Horace McFarland Co._] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 33 +Longfellow's Garden, Cambridge, Mass. +_From a photograph by The J. Horace McFarland Co._] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 34 +Old Witch House, Salem, Mass. +_From a photograph by G. A. Spence_] + + +RHODE ISLAND + +Limited space permits but a suggestion of the various types of planting +along the Atlantic coast, which promises to become almost a continuous +garden by the sea from New Jersey to Maine. Rhode Island contains some +of the most magnificent places in the country, the majority of them +situated near bay or sea, where they thrive in congenial environment. +The quality of the climate as it affects plant life will be easily +realized after reading of the climatic conditions of Massachusetts as +well as of those to the south, on Long Island, for instance. + +The older gardens are found in the vicinity of Providence, while at +Narragansett and Newport those of a later period abound. Newport by the +sea, more famous than any other American summer resort, naturally +possesses the greatest number of gardens on an elaborate scale. The +coast at this point is somewhat sheltered, the air is mild, and there is +sea moisture so beneficial to flowers. Windbreaks of hedges or walls are +used where the winds blow strong off the water. + +Lovely and lovingly planned is the garden at Mariemont, a poetical spot, +overflowing with color and sunshine, yet with shadowy retreats, and the +stillness that belongs to an enclosure of grass paths. It might be taken +for a bit of foreign garden from any part of the world, and possesses a +quality of beauty of which one could never tire. The long, broad path +with its brilliant border and distant vista is the central division of +a charming plan.[2] + +Few estates in America are as imposing and as suggestive of the grandeur +of an Italian or English country-seat as The Elms, and it is probably +among the oldest of Newport's famous places. The illustration is limited +to a narrow view of this great, green formal garden in some sections of +which flowers are included in rich profusion. + +Probably no place at Newport is more noted for its beauty than Vernon +Court, and, while necessity forces the omission of pictures showing many +of its most elaborate features, a view of the stately formal garden is a +welcome addition to this collection which aims to present a variety in +types of planting in a few large formal gardens, as well as in those +which are smaller and more personal. Vernon Court is not a new garden; +it is unspoiled by garish accessories, and to the lover of the garden +majestic it represents a perfect type. + +At Warren, near Providence, the place at Villaserra is delightfully +located, sloping to a bay. Here is one of the favored gardens where old +trees take an important part; in fact, of such consequence are they that +the garden was undoubtedly made to the scheme of the trees and the water +beyond--a beautiful sanctuary of blossoms and green life, shut in from +the discord of the outside world. + + +[Illustration: PLATE 35 +"Mariemont," Newport, R. I. Mrs. Thomas J. Emory +_From a photograph, copyright, by Miss Johnston--Mrs. Hewitt_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 36 +"The Elms," Newport, R. I. Edward J. Berwind, Esq. +_From a photograph, copyright by Miss Johnston--Mrs. Hewitt_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 37 +"Vernon Court," Newport, R. I. Mrs. Richard Gambrill +_From a photograph by Alman & Co._] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 38 +"Villaserra," Warren, R. I. Reverend Joseph Hutcheson +_From a photograph lent by C. A. Platt, Esq._] + + +CONNECTICUT + + +Connecticut gardens are many, both inland and along the shores of the +Sound. Those of the hilly western section have the advantage of a +somewhat cooler altitude. Otherwise it is unnecessary to give further +details as to climatic conditions,[3] as the northern boundary is about +a hundred miles distant from northern New Jersey and the temperatures +differ but little, although of course every hundred miles northward +makes gardening a somewhat simpler proposition, because of slightly +cooler conditions as well as a shortened flower season. + +In a reputed true story of the long-ago settlement of Old Saybrook there +is mention of a woman's flower-garden, doubtless the earliest on Long +Island Sound. Here the sheltered inlets and bays must have seemed a +welcome haven to our Pilgrim fathers from the wind-swept coast of +Plymouth, whence they had wandered, probably seeking fertile farmland. +The gardens of this State, with some notable exceptions, are mainly +those of a simpler type, made and tended by their owners, who living in +them, will continue to beautify them more and more as time goes on. +These unpretentious creations of flower lovers often show originality +not always found in gardens of a more formal design, and might be +considered typically American. + +Following the idea of simplicity, the first two illustrations of this +chapter portray the "lovesome spot," where flowers predominate, with +nothing to recall the splendor of other lands. A place for the harboring +of flowers for the sake of the flowers, and this was surely the thought +that brooded over the first New England gardens planted in the early +half of the seventeenth century, when American gardens had their +beginning. + +The glimpse through the arched gateway of the garden at +Knock-Mae-Cree--in old Irish, Hill of My Heart--(Plate 168), and the +curtailed view of the flowery planting in the Woodside garden stimulate +a longing further to penetrate into these lovely sanctums. + +The garden at Elmwood is partly illustrated in the accompanying +picture--it is further gracefully adorned with pergola and pool. +Liberally designed without being elaborate, it has a charm that is all +its own. + +Of quite another character is the perfect formal garden at Pomfret +Center, appealing to the garden lover for its surpassing beauty in +flower bloom, enhanced by the graceful architectural lines of the +buildings surrounding the enclosure, and giving it the sense of complete +privacy. + +Still another type of garden seen occasionally in America is that at +Branford House, a magnificent estate at Groton near New London, and one +of the famous places of that popular summer resort. This stately garden +suggests some of the foreign gardens familiar to us through travel and +books. + +FOOTNOTES: + +[2] See also the frontispiece. + +[3] These climatic conditions are explained in New Jersey chapter. + + +[Illustration: PLATE 39 +"Woodside," Hartford, Conn. Walter L. Goodwin, Esq. +_From a photograph by The J. Horace McFarland Co._] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 40 +"Elmwood," Pomfret, Conn. Vinton Freedley, Esq. +_From a photograph by Miss E. M. Boult_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 41 +Pomfret Centre, Conn. Mrs. Randolph M. Clark +_From a photograph by Miss E. M. Boult_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 42 +"Branford House," Groton, Conn. Morton F. Plant, Esq.] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 43 +Pomfret Centre, Conn. Mrs. Randolph M. Clark +_From a photograph by Miss E. M. Boult_] + + + + +IV + +NEW YORK + + +There are gardens, old and new, around the many wealthy cities of this +great State, through the upper section, near Buffalo, Utica, Syracuse, +Albany, etc., as well as to the south. It must suffice to give a few of +the most picturesque views obtainable, almost all of which belong to +places within one hundred miles of New York City. + +The garden at Auburn offers a vision of flowers in glorious profusion, +combined with perfect order, which latter condition is not always easily +attainable when plants are allowed a certain amount of freedom. The +location of this garden, in western New York not far from Lake Ontario, +is in about the latitude of northern Massachusetts--a climate congenial +to flowers. + +A particular type of garden often predominates in some localities on +account of the conformation of the land; as, for instance, in a +mountainous section like Tuxedo Park, where the places are scattered +over hilly woodland country, many of the gardens naturally develop into +those of terraces, or else, ideal opportunities have created the +rambling wild garden with winding paths, shaded pools, ferns and +flowers. A glimpse of one of this kind is to be had in an accompanying +illustration--an exquisite bit of semi-cultivated wildness that moves +one to wish to see beyond the picture's limits. + +Among its formal gardens, Tuxedo at present has nothing more imposing +than the one at Woodland. The wall-beds contain perennials in mass +against the vine-clad background, and the central fountain is framed in +broad beds of Roses, in bush and standard form. This garden's stately +effects are enhanced by the richly developed forms of clipped evergreens +in Boxwood and various Retinosporas, to all of which age, as must ever +be the case, lends force and dignity. + +The Cragswerthe garden, a spacious plan on three connecting terraces, +charmingly exemplifies the results obtainable by the exercise of good +taste upon desirable opportunities. Each terrace illustrates, in harmony +with the whole, a special beauty of its own. + +The hill gardens usually have also the advantage of a landscape +background, as a rule a pleasant feature also in the Mount Kisco region +of Westchester County, with its numerous hilltop homes. A garden with a +view possesses a setting all its own; one that can hardly be imitated in +that particular landscape at least, varying under the changing clouds, +and therefore never monotonous. Such also is the opportunity in many +Hudson River places, and only those who have lived in the highlands by +this most beautiful of American rivers know the charm of the +mountainsides, with their deep ravines and river vistas. + +There is space for but a few of the river gardens in these limited +pages. The one at Blithewood, Barrytown-on-Hudson, is a charming example +of a more modern garden, beautifully located and planted especially for +May, June, and September. A vine-covered brick wall surrounds it on +three sides, and a terra-cotta balustrade is the boundary on the river +side. Chinese Junipers, not supposedly very hardy, are, however, the +well-grown, clipped evergreens in sight. Barrytown is about a hundred +miles from New York. + +Up on the Beacon Mountain the Wodenethe gardens were begun about +seventy-five years ago, remaining ever since in the same family, and +always celebrated for their beauty, due doubtless to the devoted and +skilful care continuously given them. Trees, shrubs, and vines are rich +in maturity; the impress of Father Time has so kindly marked the place, +that of the older gardens Wodenethe is probably the finest on the +Hudson. + +Not far away there was once another garden. Possibly there is nothing +fairer than the dearest memories of childhood--sometimes doubtless +wonderfully interwoven with the gossamer-like stuff of which air-castles +are made--and so it is with deep satisfaction that the author can dwell +upon views of an old garden relying on something more real than +semi-dreams. To be able to duplicate this happy place for some other +fortunate children would be a joy indeed, and some day the opportunity +may be realized while the dream still lives. Nearly three acres of land +might be required to contain the broad beds bordered with peach, plum, +pear trees and shrubs, and edged with flowers--the great centre spaces +filled with vegetables or small fruits. The outer court of this garden, +on three sides, was formed by two rows of arching apple trees, as shown +in an accompanying illustration. The fourth side was a lane running +between an evergreen hedge and a line of Poplar and nut trees. The outer +walks were broad, the inner intersecting paths were narrower; the tall +planting in the various beds prevented a view from one path to another, +and this was half of the garden's fascination to the children who played +there in the games of make-believe. Always there was something +unexpected awaiting them around the corner. Blissful the chance to +become suddenly lost in grape vines, corn, or dense shrubbery when the +world seemed to consist of just tree-tops, sunlight, flowers, fruits, +and birds! What a contrast to the life of the average fortune-favored +child of the present period! + +Echo Lawn is another lovely place near the river, as old, too, as +Wodenethe, extensive in acres, abounding in splendid trees, and full of +a beauty and charm peculiarly characteristic of the old places on the +Hudson. The gardens, although of a later-date creation, are admirably +fitted to the surroundings, and with pools, wall basins, and flower +planting, hardly discernible in the illustration, are a rich addition to +the noted river places. + +Twenty miles to the west of the Hudson River is Meadowburn Farm--famous +through its owner, the author of "Hardy Garden" books. Two photographs, +not hitherto published, must alone represent the acres of bloom on this +interesting place. In describing it, eight gardens must be considered +rather than _the_ garden. The Evergreen Garden (shown here), the May +Flowering Hillside, the Lily and Iris Garden, the Pool Garden, the +Perennial Garden, the Cedar Walk, the Vegetable Garden, bordered with +flowers, and the Rose Garden. A rare treat for garden lovers who visit +there by special arrangement. + +At Ridgeland Farm, in Westchester County, the owner has shown that the +smallest garden possible when fitted to artistic surroundings and filled +with harmonious bloom can, as a garden and as a picture, satisfy our +craving for the beautiful quite as completely as a subject on a much +larger scale. This fair little plot, with its brick paths and gay +blossoms, continues in bloom for several months, which, in spite of +narrow beds, is always possible in a well-planned and carefully tended +garden. + +New York includes within its borders the climate of all the New England +States, and, besides, the atmosphere of its lake shores and the milder +sea climate of New York City and Long Island. Between the high altitudes +of the Adirondacks on the north and the sea-level of Long Island on the +south there is a difference of nearly four weeks in the opening of +spring. Within a forty-mile radius of New York City and westward in the +same latitude Daffodils appear about April 15; early Tulips and Phlox +divaricata the last of April; late Tulips May 10; Lilies-of-the-Valley +May 15; German Iris May 22 (florentina alba a trifle earlier); and by +May 25 Lupins, Columbine, Pyrethrum hybrid, and Oriental Poppies, etc., +arrive; Roses, Peonies, etc., about June 1; Sweet William, Anchusa, and +their companions June 5; Campanula medium June 15; Delphinium June 20; +Hollyhocks July 1 or a few days earlier. At the eastern end of Long +Island Tulips, Lily-of-the-Valley, Roses, shrubs and tree foliage appear +about a week later than the same near the city of New York. In our +extremely variable climate it is impossible to have fixed dates for the +opening of bloom. It must depend upon whether spring is early or late, +which sometimes causes a difference of a week or ten days in the +appearance of the flowers. Lily-of-the-Valley and German Iris seem less +affected by variable springs than other plants. It is perfectly safe +near Manhattan Island to plant out tender annuals May 25, and many +venture it by May 15. Killing frost may be expected between October 1 +and November 1--rarely earlier than October 1. + +Forty-five miles north of the city of New York, in such higher altitudes +as Mount Kisco or Tuxedo Park, the spring opens about a week later. +Within this radius of the city the summer thermometer occasionally rises +above seventy-eight degrees, and in winter it may average possibly +thirty to forty degrees above zero; only a few days know zero weather, +and rarely does it drop below. At least once a winter there will come a +period of weather as mild as fifty to sixty degrees, when one almost +fears the premature appearance of some of the plants. It is on account +of the thaws as well as the cold that the plants require a moderate +covering to keep the ground as far as possible frozen hard and +undisturbed by the sun, as frequent thawing injures the roots. + +A garden at the other extreme of the State, in the Adirondack Mountains, +planted to begin with early Tulips, Phlox divaricata, and others of this +period, will make its display about June 1. Lilies-of-the-Valley arrive +soon after June 8; German Iris, Lupin, Pyrethrum, Oriental Poppy about +June 15; Sweet William and Roses near July 1; Delphinium July 15; +Hollyhocks July 25. Tender annuals are planted out about June 10, and a +frost after that date is of rare occurrence. The first killing frost of +autumn may be expected between the 15th and 20th of September. While the +thermometer in summer fluctuates between sixty and eighty degrees, it +often falls in winter to thirty degrees below zero. The hardy plants are +well protected under the heavy snow covering which is usually the winter +condition there. + + +[Illustration: PLATE IV +An outer walk +The author's childhood garden +_From a photograph, colored by H. Irving Marlatt_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 44 +Auburn, N. Y. Mrs. C. D. MacDougall] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 45 +Auburn, N. Y. Mrs. C. D. MacDougall +_From photographs by Emil J. Kraemer, by courtesy of Wadley & Smythe_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 46 +Section of a wild garden at Tuxedo Park, N. Y. +_From a photograph by C. P. Hotaling_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 47 +"Woodland," Tuxedo, N. Y. Henry L. Tilford, Esq.] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 48 +A garden in three terraces +"Cragswerthe," Tuxedo, N. Y. Mrs. Samuel Spencer +_From photographs by Jessie Tarbox Beals_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 49 +"Blithewood," Barrytown-on-Hudson, N. Y. Mrs. Andrew C. Zabriskie] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 50 +"Wodenethe," Beacon-on-Hudson, N. Y. Mrs. Winthrop Sargent +_From a photograph by Jessie Tarbox Beals_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 51 +"Wodenethe," Beacon-on-Hudson, N. Y. Mrs. Winthrop Sargent +_From a photograph by Jessie Tarbox Beals_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 52 +The centre section] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 53 +The outer boundary +The author's childhood garden, Newburgh-on-Hudson, N. Y.] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 54 +"Echo Lawn," Newburgh-on-Hudson, N. Y. Thaddeus Beals, Esq. +_From a photograph by Jessie Tarbox Beals_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 55 +The evergreen garden] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 56 +A path in the perennial garden +"Meadowburn," Warwick, N. Y. Mrs. Helen Rutherfurd Ely] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 57 +"Ridgeland Farm," Bedford, N. Y. Mrs. Nelson Williams +_From a photograph by F. Seabury_] + + +LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK + +In considering the gardens belonging to the State of New York, its most +favored garden centre is undoubtedly Long Island. Here soil and climate +combine to encourage both vegetables and flowers. And on the shores, +particularly of the south side and eastern end, the most satisfactory +bloom is obtainable as a rule with less trouble than is expended upon +the flowers of the interior. Not that Long Island is secure from periods +of drought and visitations of rose-bugs, but on the whole the plants +weather the obstacles better here than in other places of this latitude. +There is a marked softness in the winter climate especially near the +sea. Possibly nowhere else except in southern California does the Privet +hedge make as remarkable growth as on the south shore, and near the west +end there are highly prized specimens of old Box. Southampton, at the +eastern end, in proportion to population has probably a greater number +of gardens than any town in the State, almost all of them designed and +developed by their owners, who have thus delightfully expressed their +love for flowers. + +Most soul-satisfying, unique in many points, and overflowing with bloom +all summer is Mrs. Wyckoff's garden at Southampton. Within three hundred +yards of the beach it is truly a seaside garden, but the great Privet +hedges, fourteen feet high, make perfect windbreaks for the protection +of its bloom. Connected by arched openings in the Privet there are other +enclosures for various planting schemes, and noticeable is the rather +unusual variety of flowers growing in these several lovely gardens. The +color grouping in the long, broad beds against the tall Privet +background is as perfect as any planting known. The arbors on either +side of the garden proper are formed of arches of Dorothy Perkins and +Cedar trees alternating--the Cedars are bent and strapped at the top to +produce a curve. The effect is both unusual and delightful. + +In the same place but farther from the sea is another famous garden, at +The Orchard, the estate of James L. Breese, Esq. The garden was started +about 1905 and is entirely original in design. The artistic sense of the +owner is responsible for the dexterous touches which beautify the garden +and pergolas. Neither photography nor word-picture could do justice to +the exquisite harmony of coloring throughout this wonderful place, where +bloom is continuous over a long period. + +Fashioned in Box-edged parterres after the old-time plan and dear to the +heart of Americans is such a place as the sunny Box garden at The +Appletrees, so charmingly portrayed in this chapter. There is a +sweetness and trimness in its simplicity intermingling with the flowers +to make it one of the fairest of garden-plots. + +We dwell with delight upon the picturesque view of a section of Mrs. +Curtis's garden which might well have been taken from an English garden, +so closely does it resemble that type which has been our inspiration +more especially during the last ten years. In America the walled garden +is found to be useful near the sea, and not undesirable in the cooler +northern interior, but by many experts it is not advised in a warm +climate, where it prevents the free circulation of air within its +enclosure, from which condition some plants may suffer. + +In the near-by hamlet of East Hampton, Mrs. Lorenzo Woodhouse has an +ingenious scheme of connecting formal gardens that are as remarkable in +conception as they are exquisite in color harmony. In length the plan is +considerably greater than the width, and the long vista from end to end +presents to the artist's eye a lovely picture of flowers, pool, and +arches. + +Near by, on Huntting Lane, the wild garden belonging to R. Cummins, +Esq., is considered the best piece of work of its kind in the country. +It is wonderfully composed with natural pools and streams, tea-houses +and rustic bridges suggestive of the Japanese art, yet lovelier than the +trim Oriental type of water garden because so delightfully wild and +overgrown with massive plants, vines, and shrubs, without, however, +being disorderly in appearance. It is an especially rare treat in early +July at the season of Japanese Iris. + +At the west end of Long Island, near New York, gardens are almost as +plentiful as those in the region of the Hamptons. For lack of space the +illustrations of the lovely garden at Manor House, Glen Cove, and the +picturesque pool at Cedarhurst must alone represent this section. Later +periods of bloom succeed the Tulips at the Manor House, giving +continuous color all summer to this charming place. The view of Mr. +Steele's garden at Westbury is a fine example of an ideal hillside +planting leading to the flower-beds on a lower level. + + * * * * * + +Probably the oldest garden in New York State is the one at Sylvester +Manor, on Shelter Island, between the shores of Long Island and +Connecticut. This charming little flower-plot is reached by a short +flight of descending steps. Some of its old Boxwood appears in the +illustration of the pool which is a part of the garden scheme. The +original owners of Shelter Island were the Manhasset Indians. "In 1651 +Nathaniel Sylvester came from England with his young bride, and here +they planted the Box, still one of the wonders of the place, and erected +the first manor-house with its oak doors and panels and mantels fitted +in England, and brick tiles brought from Holland. The present house was +built in 1737 with enough of the woodwork of the old house to maintain +symmetry in traditions, and stands to-day as it has stood the better +part of two centuries, filled with its old furniture, paintings, and +curios. Here is kept the cloth of gold left by Captain Kidd and many +other things that time and space forbid mentioning." The old homestead +has always remained in the family in direct descent. + + +[Illustration: PLATE V +At the hour of sunset +Southampton, L. I. Mrs. Peter B. Wyckoff +_After an autochrome photograph by Miss Johnston--Mrs. Hewitt_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 58 +Arbor of cedars and roses alternating +Southampton, L. I. Mrs. Peter B. Wyckoff +_From a photograph by Jessie Tarbox Beals_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 59 +"The Orchard," Southampton, L. I. James Lawrence Breese, Esq. +_From a photograph, copyright, by Miss Johnston--Mrs. Hewitt_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 60 +"The Orchard," Southampton, L. I. James Lawrence Breese, Esq. +_From a photograph, copyright, by Miss Johnston--Mrs. Hewitt_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 61] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 62 +"The Orchard," Southampton, L. I. James Lawrence Breese, Esq. +_From photographs, copyright, by Miss Johnston--Mrs. Hewitt_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 63 +"The Appletrees," Southampton, L. I. Mrs. Henry E. Coe +_From a photograph by Jessie Tarbox Beals_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 64 +"The Appletrees," Southampton, L. I. Mrs. Henry E. Coe +_From a photograph by Jessie Tarbox Beals_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 65 +Southampton, L. I. Mrs. G. Warrington Curtis] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 66 +East Hampton, L. I. Mrs. Lorenzo E. Woodhouse +_From photographs by Miss Johnston--Mrs. Hewitt_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 67 +East Hampton, L. I. Mrs. Lorenzo E. Woodhouse +_From a photograph by Miss Johnston--Mrs. Hewitt_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 68 +The wild garden +_From photographs by Miss Johnston--Mrs. Hewitt_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 69 +The wild garden +East Hampton, L. I. Stephen Cummins, Esq.] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 70 +"Manor House," Glen Cove, L. I. Mrs. John T. Pratt +_From a photograph by The J. Horace McFarland Co._] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 71 +Cedarhurst, L. I. Samuel Kopf, Esq. +_From a photograph, copyright, by Miss Johnston--Mrs. Hewitt_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 72 +Westbury, L. I. Charles Steele, Esq.] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 73 +"Manor House," Glen Cove, L. I. +_From photographs by The J. Horace McFarland Co._] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 74 +Ancient boxwood +"Sylvester Manor," Shelter Island +_From a photograph by David Humphreys_] + + + + +V + +NEW JERSEY + + +It would take much time and long travel to discover the State possessing +the greatest number of fine gardens, but there is little risk of +misstatement in placing New Jersey as fourth or fifth on the list; New +York, including Long Island, in the lead, then Massachusetts, and +possibly Pennsylvania or California next. Near the sea the climate is, +of course, an especial incentive to flower-growing, and along the Jersey +coast, especially in Monmouth County, there are numerous gardens. Many +excellent specimens are to be seen at Princeton, Trenton, Short Hills, +and Morristown, as well as in the country around Bernardsville, in all +of which places garden clubs are rapidly developing the cult. Only about +fifty miles separate Trenton, Princeton, and Monmouth Beach, in central +Jersey, from Morristown, Short Hills, etc., at the north, so that spring +gardens practically begin in both sections at the same time, with +possibly not more than three or four days' difference between them. +While the south Jersey soil does not always encourage gardening, the +northern half of the State may be considered on the whole quite fertile, +and the summer temperature is not too hot for flowers. Occasional +droughts are to be expected, but the water-supply is usually adequate. +In the northern part of the State the usual date for Crocuses is March +25; Daffodils, April 15; Lily-of-the-Valley, May 12; late Tulips, May +10; German Iris, May 22; Oriental Poppy, Columbine, Lupin, and +Pyrethrum, May 26; Roses, Peonies, Anchusa, and Sweet William, early +June; Delphiniums, June 20; Hollyhocks, July 1. In fact, the climatic +condition, as it affects plant life, is very similar throughout the +region surrounding New York City--not different enough to require +special attention. + +The beautiful garden at Glen Alpine is one of prolonged bloom from May +22 until frost, and its planting plans are shown in the author's +"Continuous Bloom in America." Both English and Italian inspiration +commingle in this beautiful spot. Its setting of old trees on three +sides, with the upsloping hill to the rear covered with choice blossom +trees and evergreens, as well as the ancient hedge, furnish a background +in keeping with the dignity of the place. The pergola is only the +beginning of an interesting upper shrub and bulb garden with rambling +paths. Other views are given in plates 86 and 172. + +At Cherrycroft, the garden also blooms continuously, and some of its +plans are likewise given in the book above-mentioned. The pergola and +tea-house lead out to a maze formed by a tall Arbor-Vitae hedge. +Adjoining is a Rose garden, more or less continually in bloom, and near +by a garden for cutting-flowers. The outlook over the formal garden, +both from house and pergola, is upon a sea of flowers, possibly +unequalled in its profusion of bloom. The four beds encircling the pool +are first covered with Pansies and English Daisies, each bed containing +one large clump of German Iris, edged with Cottage Tulips. For later +bloom, white Petunias fill two beds, light pink Petunias the other two +beds. Surrounding the rim of the pool there are Campanula medium, +alternating with fall-sown Larkspur, the former replaced by Balsam. The +four large beds opposite the pool-beds are planted in predominating +tones of yellow, blue, pink, and dark red respectively, with white +freely intermixed. The beds on the upper level are treated rather +similarly. + +At both Glen Alpine and Cherrycroft nurseries of cold-frames abundantly +supply the many annuals and perennials required to fill the broad beds. +The prevailing colors required in both gardens are pink, dark red, +blues, and yellows. Of the latter, the stronger tones are used only in +yellow and blue beds. If there is strict adherence to their planting +schemes the richness of their bloom will continue through future +seasons. But, alas! how uncertain the fulfilment, when the most +necessary flowers may disappoint at the eleventh hour, or the gardeners +fail to abide by the plans, especially concerning the color scheme! + +At Ridgewood Hill the planting is for spring and autumn bloom, and its +three-terraced garden is an excellent piece of work, nestling to the +hillside with its vista of hills beyond. This lovely nook deserves to +rank among the best in terraced gardens. + +Mrs. Fraser's garden, enclosed within the semicircle of the house and a +curving Hemlock hedge, is veritably a gem in lovely color-blending. All +the periods of the garden season are represented here, difficult as it +is to accomplish continuous bloom in narrow beds. First Pansies and +early Tulips, followed by the later ones, flood the little court with +wonderfully tinted tones. Then Lupins, Canterbury Bells, Sweet William, +Chinese Delphinium and Lilium candidum, followed by Larkspur, Zinnia, +Snapdragon, Scabiosa, Salpiglossis, Heliotrope, Ageratum, and compact +Petunias, Gladioli, and September hardy Chrysanthemum. Constant +ministration to the needs of this garden keeps it in a state of fresh +bloom and order. + +The garden at "Onunda," Madison, attracts many visitors and has long +been famous for its beauty and order. It is ablaze with color from May +to October. Annuals in richest massing fill all the small beds, and +perennials with annuals are closely grouped in the wall beds. The color +effect is unusual and the adjoining Rose garden is complete with +choicest bloom. + +The planting at Blairsden, near Peapack, is probably the most perfect in +the State. The accompanying pictures give a limited idea of its beauty. +The hill covered with wild shrubs sloping to the lake, the formal +garden, the water garden and Rose garden, with the long inclined pathway +seeming to lead out to space immeasurable into the green Garden of +Everyman, combine with the scenery to make it a place of remarkable +beauty. The formal garden with vine-covered brick wall is like the +villa, Italian in design. + +The numerous gardens of Short Hills must be represented by one charming +glimpse of Brooklawn, an idyllic spot embodying the creative sense of a +poet. Its design is quite unusual in the garden world, and perfect in +its simplicity. Informal rather than strictly formal, with beds of +curving lines and grass paths it may be considered the most original +plan in this collection. + +Old Princeton, with its picturesque university, is additionally favored +in possessing gardens worthy of such associations and equalling the best +in our country. The one at Drumthwacket is probably more reminiscent of +English gardens than any other. The broad beds, profuse in glowing yet +orderly bloom, are especially lovely in June. The garden has the benefit +of ancient trees as a setting and the richness of its planting combined +with the white balustrade lends a noble effect, comparing favorably with +many of those abroad. The beautiful water garden, reached by a winding +stone stairway, is encircled by willows and forest trees which fill the +little lake with green reflections. + +A winter garden is a luxury so rare that one dwells with keenest +pleasure upon the view from Thornton--a most perfect specimen of its +kind. This evergreen planting is the central scheme of an elaborate plan +and divides the perennial and Rose garden on one side from the "cutting" +garden on the other. The best of the evergreens in clipped forms, +Barberry with its bright winter berries, Laurel, and Rhododendron +foliage unite to enliven the winter scene in this pleasant space, when +outside all is gray and lifeless. + +Mrs. Seabrook's garden belongs to still another distinctly different +class, illustrating a planting which appeals strongly to the many +Americans who ardently admire simplicity in outdoor art. Here we find a +sweet place in which to live in idle hours, with favorite flowers +well-kept, a pool, and shaded retreats from summer sun. + + +[Illustration: PLATE VI +"Glen Alpine," Morristown, N. J. Mrs. Charles W. McAlpin +_From a photograph, colored by Mrs. Herbert A. Raynes_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 75 +"Cherrycroft," Morristown, N. J. Dudley Olcott, Esq. +_From an autochrome photograph by Parker Brothers_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 76 +A three-terraced garden +"Ridgewood Hill," Morristown, N. J. Mrs. Frederic H. Humphreys +_From a photograph by Parker Brothers_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 77 +Morristown, N. J. Mrs. George C. Fraser +_From a photograph by Parker Brothers_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 78 +"Blairsden," Peapack, N. J. C. Ledyard Blair, Esq. +_Reproduced by courtesy of Doubleday, Page & Co._] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 79 +"Blairsden," Peapack, N. J. C. Ledyard Blair, Esq. +_Reproduced by courtesy of Doubleday, Page & Co._] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 80 +"Blairsden," Peapack, N. J. C. Ledyard Blair, Esq. +_Reproduced by courtesy of Doubleday, Page & Co._] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 81 +"Brooklawn," Short Hills, N. J. Mrs. Edward B. Renwick +_From a photograph by Jessie Tarbox Beals_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 82 +"Drumthwacket," Princeton, N. J. Mrs. Moses Taylor Pyne +_From a photograph, copyright, by Miss Johnston--Mrs. Hewitt_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 83 +"Drumthwacket," Princeton, N. J. Mrs. Moses Taylor Pyne +_From a photograph, copyright, by Miss Johnston--Mrs. Hewitt_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 84 +"Drumthwacket," Princeton, N. J. Mrs. Moses Taylor Pyne +_From a photograph, copyright, by Miss Johnston--Mrs. Hewitt_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 85 +"Onunda," Madison, N. J. Mrs. D. Willis James +_From a photograph by Parker Brothers_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 86 +"Glen Alpine," Morristown, N. J. Mrs. Charles W. McAlpin +_From a photograph by Parker Brothers_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 87 +"Thornton," Rumson, N. J. Mrs. J. Horace Harding +_From a photograph by Alman & Co._] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 88 +Highland, N. J. Mrs. H. H. Seabrook +_From a photograph by Jessie Tarbox Beals_] + + + + +VI + +PENNSYLVANIA + + +The most zealous advocate of gardening in the early days was William +Penn, the original proprietor of the State, who persistently urged his +Quaker followers to plant gardens around the homesteads. With numerous +old ones and an ever-increasing number of new gardens the State stands +among the foremost as a garden centre. In olden times the Quaker ideas +against extravagant appearances resulted in the making of simpler places +than those built by the people who settled in the Southern States; but +these modest Pennsylvania gardens did not suffer the ravages of war, and +many of them have lived serenely through the years. + +Andalusia came into the possession of the family of its present owners +in 1795, and a village has gradually grown around the place. The garden +is about one hundred years in age, and has been long noted for its trees +and hedges, its fruits and old-fashioned flowers. The simplicity of its +plan, so characteristic of the early gardens, detracts nothing from its +charm, but rather is it filled with picturesque features that are truly +American. + +At Fancy Field the formal garden is made somewhat on the plan of a type +of small English garden that is becoming familiar to us through the +English prints. This formal view is but one of a group or series of +lovely enclosed and connecting gardens, all seemingly bound together by +a long pergola bordering their rear;--a most pleasing study, as is also +the garden at Edgecombe, with its old Box and perennials, shut in +peacefully from the outer world and suggesting the type so dear to the +heart of the lady of the olden time. + +Krisheim was the name given by some early German settlers in 1687 to a +locality where is now a famous garden. This beautiful enclosure, in its +spring garb, so unique in style, and with an adjoining flower garden, +has its place among the best of the many that adorn the State. + +The garden at Willow Bank is a charming home of flowers, and its +attraction is enhanced by the spacious green court surrounding it, +giving double privacy to the flowery sanctum within. + +Typical of some of the splendid newer gardens of the State is the one at +Timberline, rich in its background of old trees, gracefully designed and +planted. It is one of the best productions of a celebrated architect. + +The Ballygarth garden, a section of which is shown in this chapter, is +beautifully situated on one of the oldest estates near Philadelphia, and +is of the kind so evidently the creation of a garden lover. + +Near Philadelphia the climate is slightly warmer than in north New +Jersey, to which spring bloom comes at least a week later. In this +vicinity German Iris appears about May 15, Sweet William, May 28, and +Delphiniums, June 10, Hollyhocks, June 18. The time of the first frost +is as variable as it is elsewhere. Pansies are usually wintered in the +open, with a certain amount of covering. Tender annuals are set out +about May 10. The soil is mostly fertile enough for good results in the +garden. The best-known gardens lie chiefly in the neighborhood of +Philadelphia. + + +[Illustration: PLATE 89 +"Allgates," Haverford, Pa. Horatio G. Lloyd, Esq. +_From a photograph by Jessie Tarbox Beals_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 90 +Andalusia, Pa. Mrs. Charles Biddle] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 91 +Andalusia, Pa. Mrs. Charles Biddle +_From a photograph by C. R. Pancoast_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 92 +"Edgecombe," Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. Mrs. J. Willis Martin] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 93 +"Krisheim," Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. Dr. George Woodward +_From a photograph by J. W. Kennedy_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 94 +The outer court] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 95 +The inner garden +"Willow Bank," Bryn Mawr, Pa. Mrs. Joseph C. Bright +_From photographs by Jessie Tarbox Beals_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 96 +"Fancy Field," Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. Mrs. George Willing, +Jr.] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 97 +"Timberline," Bryn Mawr, Pa. W. Hinckle Smith, Esq. +_From a photograph by Julian A. Buckly_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 98 +"Ballygarth," Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. Mrs. B. Franklin +Pepper] + + + + +VII + +MARYLAND + + +Flower gardens adorn many of the places in Maryland, most of them of the +old-fashioned kind so characteristic of the Southern States, and others +of a more recent date. The latter, though less elaborate than those of +New England, are quite as attractive in the studied simplicity of their +design. + +Conspicuous often are the Ivy-edged paths sometimes replacing the low +Box border, and the great growths of Box and rare shrubs, once imported +luxuries from old England, speak the prosperity of early days. + +In the low country of the interior the midsummer climate is humid and +hot enough to discourage the flowers of this season, but when certain +annuals are kept sufficiently moist and mulched they may pass unscathed +through the trying season and join the few fall perennials for several +weeks of bloom. + +Winter protection is not a matter of importance and Pansies need but an +ordinary covering of leaves. An extreme of cold, which is rare, might +bring disaster to the leaf-covered Canterbury Bell in the open, but this +is one of the gambles in garden life. + +In Maryland, as generally elsewhere in this section, spring and June +gardens prevail. The Crocus season opens in early March; Daffodils +follow a little later; late Tulips and German Iris come near May 1; +Sweet William and Peonies about May 20; and soon after the Delphiniums +and Hollyhocks appear. Spring work begins three weeks earlier than in +the latitude of Long Island, and frost may finish the persistent +Marigold near November 1; but, as elsewhere, by that time green life has +had its day, vitality has been spent, and nothing satisfactory can be +expected of any but the hardy late Chrysanthemum. + +There is another region of this State to be separately accounted for +that has been more or less overlooked, and where the climate is more +inviting to summer gardening. From near Snow Hill, on the narrow +peninsula south of Delaware, a resident writes in part: "As to this +eastern shore, its flowers, climate, etc., too much cannot be said in +its praise. The wonder is that this section has been overlooked by +wealthy people seeking homes. With proper planting one can have flowers +in the garden ten months of the year. During the winter Holly and other +choice evergreens give plenty of color for the lawns." The distance +across between the Chesapeake Bay and the sea is about thirty-five +miles. Near the shore the place has a climate of its own, and summer +gardens need not wilt as they do inland, providing they can at times be +moderately sprinkled. Usually the summer climate is pleasant with an +evening sea-breeze in hot weather; sometimes a prolonged dry spell +causes many things to suffer, but as a rule all sorts of flowering +plants succeed--Roses, China Asters, and bulbous plants especially grow +to perfection. + +The illustrations representing Maryland are gathered from the vicinity +of Baltimore, the particular garden region of the State. Hampton is the +oldest of them all, being an entailed estate and one of two old +manor-houses in Maryland still extant. A severe cold snap a few winters +past did great damage to the Box, which in consequence had to be cut +back, but time, it is hoped, may restore its original form and beauty. +The spring view of one of Hampton's gardens was taken recently prior to +the period of fullest bloom. This charming Box-edged parterre, with its +fine surroundings and associations, is possibly the best-known in the +South. + +Evergreen-on-Avenue is delightfully located on the outskirts of +Baltimore, where many old country-seats abound. The lower garden only is +discernible in the illustration, showing the dignity and charm of an +evergreen garden, relieved by a massing of color in narrow beds which +form a setting to the clipped Box and other shrubs. The upper garden is +full of bloom and kept chiefly as a place for cutting-flowers. Some of +the paths on this estate are edged with broad bands of Ivy. + +The wild garden at Roland Park is a work of art too intricately devised +to be treated satisfactorily by picture or pen. The eye can only absorb +and memory retain it, but description will ever fail to present it. At +every turn there is a delightful surprise, at every season it is lovely; +even January finds it so dressed in evergreen that winter seems far +away. A few years ago the hillside was a wooded and abandoned +stone-quarry until purchased for the purpose of creating a place of +beauty out of chaos. An inspired imagination only could have wrought +this miracle. + +The old Indian name for the Cylburn plantation was Cool Waters; it +covers two hundred acres, about five miles beyond Baltimore. Cylburn +House is of stone with broad verandas, and stands majestically on a high +plateau, surrounded by gardens, shrubbery, and an extensive lawn, which +is fringed by a beautiful primeval forest that stretches away on three +sides to the valley below. The garden is one of the old-fashioned +rambling kind, made lovely with a combination of tall shrubs and flowers +and occasional trees. + +The fair little glimpse of a section of the garden at Ingleside breathes +of spring perfume and color, with that indescribable sense of peace +pervading especially a little enclosed garden where good taste and +harmony prevail. So great is the impression of seclusion produced by the +attractive picture that the farmer's cottage in the near background +seems almost disconnected from this inviting spot. The four white +standard Wistarias are remarkable enough to demand special attention. +The beds are early filled with the Tulips of both periods, blooming in +company with the Wistaria. Annuals follow, and the place is kept in +long bloom under the careful supervision of the owner. + +At The Blind, Havre de Grace, on the Chesapeake, is a charming and +typically Southern garden with ancient Box hedges for a background, and +filled with the bloom of many old-fashioned hardy plants and shrubs. The +property of two hundred acres is partly under cultivation and partly +covered with Holly and ancient trees. Around the gray stone mansion in +springtime the place is like a fairy-land, with hundreds of blossoming +shrubs and fruit trees. Originally the land belonged to the Stumpp +family, who acquired it by grant from one of the early English +governors. It is now in the possession of a New Yorker, who keeps it as +a shooting-preserve and stock-farm. + + +[Illustration: PLATE VII +A rock garden] + + +[Illustration: PLATE VIII +A rock garden +Roland Park, Baltimore, Md. Mrs. Edward Bouton +_After autochrome photographs_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 99 +"Hampton," Towson, Md. Mrs. John Ridgely +_From a photograph by Laurence H. Fowler_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 100 +"Evergreen-on-Avenue," Baltimore, Md. Mrs. T. Harrison Garrett +_From a photograph by Christhill Studio_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 101 +"Cylburn House," Cylburn, Baltimore Co., Md. Mrs. Bruce Cotten +_From a photograph by Art View Co._] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 102 +"Ingleside," Catonsville, Md. Mrs. A. C. Ritchie] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 103 +"The Blind," Havre de Grace, Md. James Lawrence Breese, Esq.] + + + + +VIII + +VIRGINIA + + +Virginia was the first of the States to adopt a luxurious mode of +living. Its early men and women, so recently English, were not many of +them of the strictly Puritan type, but rather the ease and pleasure +loving class, and shortly their fertile plantations, developed by +countless slaves, yielded rich results, and Virginia, followed soon by +the neighboring States, became famous for homes and gardens on an +extensive scale. + +One of the earliest and best of these estates was Mount Vernon, so well +preserved and yet so familiar as not to need an introduction or even a +space in this book. Brandon, Westover, Shirley, Berkeley, Castle Hill, +and others on the River James, as well as some of the splendid places in +the "hill country," have been renovated in recent years and should be +considered among the treasures of America. + +Mr. William du Pont is the fortunate present owner of Montpelier, the +home of President Madison, in Orange County, and situated between +Charlottesville and Richmond. This splendid garden was planned by Mr. +Madison soon after 1794. To quote Mr. Capen:[4] "On the plan of our +House of Representatives, it is made in a series of horseshoe terraces +leading down to a flat rectangular stretch of ground. The walk from the +entrance to the garden passes first under a charming rustic arbor, and +then through a dense Box hedge in which some of the bushes have grown so +high that their branches form an arch overhead ... and when one emerges +from the arch of Box he finds spread before him in panorama the entire +garden ... the Box-edged aisle down its centre and every bed in +flower.... It must have been a rare garden, for trees and shrubs sent to +Mr. Madison by admirers from all over the world were jealously guarded +and nurtured." + +At Rose Hill the terraced garden, with its distant view of hills and +valley, is among the best-known places of this section. Here the +flowers, most carefully tended, bloom considerably during the period +from April to October, which is unusually prolonged for a Southern +garden. Flowering plants and clipped evergreens border the broad, grassy +terraces and an air of simple stateliness pervades this charming +Virginia garden. + +Delightful indeed is the spacious formal garden at Meadowbrook Manor, on +the James River. So cleverly arranged is the combination of trees and +flowers that the latter do not suffer from near association with the +trees--many of which are evergreens combining with the Box border to +gladden the winter garden with summer green, and giving the livable, +homey sense to this lovely enclosure in summer-time. In the old days +the property was known as Sequin and belonged to relatives of Sir Thomas +Gates of the same name. Upon this land in 1619 were operated the first +iron-works in the country. + +Characteristic of the gardens of the older period is the lovely view of +the garden on the Valentine place overgrown and ripe as only a garden +can be that has lived through the years; unpretentious, yet richer in +that mellowed growth than the most costly planting of modern date. + +In Virginia, mountains cover a part of the State, and the temperature +necessarily varies according to locality. The climate, at least of +Albemarle County, brings out the Crocuses in February or early March; +winter Jessamine in early February, sometimes January; Daffodils in +mid-March; Lily-of-the-Valley and Cottage Tulip early in April; German +Iris in mid-April. Roses and Sweet William appear in early May; +Delphinium in late May; Hollyhocks in early June; Phlox, July 1. And +thus before midsummer's heat many of the best hardy perennials have come +and gone. While summer bloom in the highlands is not necessarily +destroyed by hot weather, unless unusual drought occurs, yet the autumn +garden is apt to be a more refreshing sight with its fresh crop of +Roses, the late Chrysanthemum, Cosmos, and indefatigable Zinnia. Of +course to the south, and where altitude is lacking, the somewhat higher +temperature will more or less alter these garden dates. + +FOOTNOTES: + +[4] "Country Homes of Famous Americans." + + +[Illustration: PLATE 104 +Ancient boxwood +Montpelier, Va. Mrs. William du Pont +_Reproduced by permission of Doubleday, Page & Co. From "Country Homes +of Famous Americans"--Oliver B. Capen_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 105 +Montpelier, Va. Mrs. William du Pont +_Reproduced by permission of Doubleday, Page & Co. From "Country Homes +of Famous Americans"--Oliver B. Capen_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 106 +Montpelier, Va. Mrs. William du Pont] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 107 +Montpelier, Va. Mrs. William du Pont] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 108 +"Rose Hill"] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 109 +"Rose Hill," Greenwood, Va. Mrs. W. R. Massie] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 110 +"Meadowbrook Manor," Drewry's Bluff, Va. Mrs. Thomas F. Jeffress] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 111 +Richmond, Va. Garden of Mann S. Valentine, Esq. +_From a photograph by Jessie Tarbox Beals_] + + + + +IX + +SOUTH CAROLINA + + +There are few new gardens in South Carolina, but an untold number of old +ones deserving to be revived. Around Charleston, especially, old-time +mansions, quaint walls, and gateways abound that are an inspiration to +lovers of graceful antiquities. To restore an abandoned garden must be +indeed a joy to one with enough imagination to recreate flower places +fitted to the surroundings. + +The illustrations in this chapter give some idea of the richness of the +early gardens laid out by the wealthy owners of many generations past. +Magnolia-on-the-Ashley, considered by some as one of the world's most +beautiful sights, especially in springtime, is the most famous place in +the State. It is owned by Colonel Drayton Hastie, who inherited it from +his grandfather, the Reverend Mr. Drayton, an Episcopalian minister, in +whose family it had remained since the latter part of the seventeenth +century. In the days of the Reverend Mr. Drayton it was discovered that +the garden had been laid out over land containing extremely valuable +phosphate deposits, but neither he nor his descendants would have the +place disturbed for the sake of an increased fortune, and the garden +continues as it was, the delight in early spring of visitors from all +over the world. To quote one who resides near by: "The garden first came +into notice about a hundred years ago. In spite of all the cultivation, +it still suggests the heart of the forest, with the old Oak and gray +moss and wild flowers mingling with Cherokee Roses, Jessamine, etc. +These Magnolia gardens are not only wonderfully beautiful, but, I +believe, quite unique. The great show is not Magnolias, or even the +Camellias, although they are lovely--but the Azaleas, which grow in such +profusion and variety of shades that one loses all sense of individual +plant and flowers and perceives only glowing, gleaming masses of color +veiled by festoons of gray moss, giving one a delicious feeling of +unreality, almost enchantment. In Owen Wister's 'Lady Baltimore' there +is a beautiful description of Magnolia. The coloring on the post-cards +is not in the least exaggerated." Live Oaks over two centuries old +draped with gray moss suspended from the branches! This wonderful growth +is not an uncommon sight in the Southern States. + +Columbia, the capital, has the famous Preston garden, and for many +generations this beautiful property remained in the families of the +Hamptons and Prestons. By a marriage a century ago the Hampton estate +came into the possession of the Prestons, and for many years the stately +garden with its aged Box and shade trees, its choice shrubs and plants, +has been an object of veneration to garden lovers. A descendant writes: +"There is no interest of importance attached to the past history of the +Preston place, except that it has sheltered quite well known persons in +its day, Henry Clay, Thackeray, and Miss Martineau among others, for its +owner had acquaintances among prominent people in this country as well +as abroad, and delighted in showing them hospitality when they happened +in his neighborhood." After the war it shared the fate of almost all the +other Southern estates that could no longer be maintained as in former +years, and finally became a woman's college, and once more receives the +needed care. + +In the low coastal country, including Charleston, spring opens in +February with Camellias, Daffodils, and bulbs. German Iris appears at +Charleston soon after March 15, Phlox in June. Delphinium and Hollyhock +and some others do not thrive in this section. The flowers that are +carried over for autumn bloom are hardy Chrysanthemum, with Cosmos, +Salvia, Marigolds, and Zinnias, and a few others able under care to +resist the summer heat. Frost may come by November 15, but in winter +thin ice forms only about three times, with the thermometer at +twenty-five degrees. White Camellias sometimes begin to blossom at +Christmas time. Such is the climate of this level. In the higher regions +of the State climatic conditions are somewhat different and the summer +heat is not as extreme. + + +[Illustration: PLATE 112 +Azalea, Magnolia, and Camellia bloom +"Magnolia Garden," Charleston, S. C. Colonel Drayton Hastie +_From a photograph by The Carolina Arts and Crafts, Inc._] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 113 +Live oaks, with gray moss suspended from branches +"Magnolia Garden," Charleston, S. C. Colonel Drayton Hastie +_From a photograph by The Carolina Arts and Crafts, Inc._] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 114 +"Preston Garden," Columbia, S. C. +_From a photograph by Lyle & Escobar_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 115 +"Preston Garden"] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 116 +"Preston Garden," Columbia, S. C. +_From photographs by Lyle & Escobar_] + + + + +X + +GEORGIA AND FLORIDA + + +Summer gardens, on account of the climate, are not attempted in the +States of the far South; but as popular winter and spring resorts the +grounds at these seasons about the villas and hotels are adorned with +Palms, Roses, and other plants adapted to the climate. Charming spring +gardens in formal designs are found in Georgia, where, because of its +somewhat cooler climate and better soil, there are a greater number of +private estates than in Florida. The former State doubtless suffered +more than any other in the Civil War and, consequently, enforced neglect +of the old gardens brought ruin to most of them. At present some of the +finest places in Georgia are delightfully located outside of the larger +towns, and many gardens, some new and others renewed after a +half-century of oblivion, adorn the home grounds of those who are so +fortunate as to reside here at the most favored seasons. + +The illustrations of the gardens at Green Court are fair samples of the +extensive planting in many places. Spring bulbs begin to open in this +lovely spot by the middle of February, Camellias often come in January, +German Iris appears the middle of March, Delphiniums in April. + +In Georgia the summer heat finishes most of the bloom, and few would +venture with autumn flowers. "The Roses, however, when well tended, rest +during summer to bloom gloriously again in October and until the time of +light frost, which comes in December." The interior of the larger garden +at Green Court, surrounded with its splendid outer court, is more +spacious than the glimpse through the gateway would suggest. The charm +of this enclosure, like Southern hospitality, is a combination of +bountifulness and grateful simplicity. Green Court deserves to stand as +a representative garden of its State. + +With an almost similar climate the adjoining State of Alabama has its +gardens also, but, unfortunately, photographs are not now available. + +Palms of every description are the characteristic plants of Florida. The +State is generally flat and open, but in the north the country is more +wooded, often wild and swampy, with picturesque winding little rivers +meandering to the coasts. + +The conditions in the populous districts of Louisiana and Texas are so +similar to Florida, where gardens are concerned, that it is unnecessary +to use further space in describing plant life in these States. + + +[Illustration: PLATE 117 +The outer court surrounding the main garden +"Green Court," Augusta, Ga. Mrs. H. P. Crowell] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 118 +A glimpse into the inner garden +"Green Court," Augusta, Ga. Mrs. H. P. Crowell] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 119 +"Green Court," Augusta, Ga. Mrs. H. P. Crowell +_From a photograph by A. H. Chaffee_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 120 +Tropical growth, Palm Beach, Fla. +_From a photograph by Brown Brothers_] + + + + +XI + +TENNESSEE AND MISSOURI + + +From Tennessee the following description of its garden life is agreeably +presented: "Here in the South interest in this subject is always +increasing. We have many old and beautiful gardens full of sentiment. +The mistress of the place is always head gardener, and in no instance +does she relinquish her position to another. I am filled with enthusiasm +in garden matters, and would preach the gospel of the garden to all +women." + +Daffodils appear in February, Lilies-of-the-Valley and Cottage Tulips in +mid-April, German Iris soon after. The droughts of midsummer may injure +but not necessarily destroy the flowers. The winter thermometer +occasionally falls to twenty degrees above zero in the cooler districts, +and such plants as Snapdragon and Campanula medium are more safely +wintered in a slat-frame. But winter once over the tender annuals can be +put out as early as April 25. These conditions apply almost equally to +the neighboring States of Kentucky and North Carolina, having as well +their records for old-time gardens. + +The planting at Rostrevor speaks delightfully for the many others +belonging to this section of the South. This garden, filled with Lilies +and other blossoms, shows that the Southern woman is as truly a flower +lover as were they who planted the early gardens in the days before the +war. + +What more tantalizing to the garden devotee than the glimpse beyond the +gates of Longview garden as illustrated in this chapter, and again in a +later section? Such views as these, so exceedingly artistic in +themselves, suggest a still more lovely interior, at present withheld +because adequate photographs are lacking. + +In Missouri, as in Kansas and elsewhere in the Middle West, there is +great variableness of climate from year to year, and never is it an +ideal district for _summer_ flower gardens. While much attention is +being given to shrubbery and perennial beds bordering the lawn, there +are few actual gardens, formal or otherwise. The discouragements of a +trying summer climate limit the bloom in most of the places to the +flowers of spring and June. Early flowering plants and bulbs, German +Iris, Foxglove, Canterbury Bells, Columbine, Peonies, Lilium candidum, +Roses, and Hollyhocks, give considerable satisfaction. But many other +perennials are not at all permanent. To quote an experienced amateur +gardener: "The climate of Kansas City, Missouri, is subject to every +eccentricity, and at times is very trying. One of my experiences was a +four or five inch snow-storm on the 3d of May after a month of warm +spring weather, when German Iris and many other things were in full +bloom, and Peonies in bud. Everything was mashed down and then it +froze. Often when Peonies have been in bloom torrential rains have +nearly ruined them. The greatest trouble with the summer garden is the +extreme heat and dryness of the air. The earth can be kept moist around +the plants, but many things wither in the dry air. With the greatest +care a garden of annuals might be kept looking fairly well through July +and August, but I am glad to get away from mine early in July." + +The climate of these adjoining Middle States is practically the same +throughout, with possibly even more sunshine than in the eastern States. +"In May and June there are frequent heavy showers, but rarely all-day +rains. In the later summer and autumn cloudy days are exceptional. The +eastern side of Missouri is said to be slightly cooler than the western +part; Kansas City averages a somewhat higher summer temperature than +Washington, D. C., which is in the same latitude. Spring bulbs and many +spring perennials appear three weeks earlier than near New York City." +The gardens usually look spent by September, but in the cooler sections, +with an extra amount of summer care, there may be still seen flowers +sufficient to adorn a garden during some weeks of autumn. + +The garden at Hazelwood, near St. Louis, is laid out with curving grass +paths and broad beds. The bright display begins with Daffodils, and the +beds retain rich bloom into the middle of June. In September, after good +care, Marigolds, Zinnias, Snapdragon, Cosmos, hardy Asters, +Chrysanthemum, and Helenium are the autumn decorations. Frost usually +finishes everything about October 15. The winter temperature is often +ten degrees below, and the tender plants, like Foxglove and Pansies, are +more safely wintered under slat-frames covered with straw, and Larkspurs +should have a light covering of leaves. Surely the gardens that are +faithfully tended through such changes and chances of climate as found +in this section bespeak the highest degree of devoted patience. + + +[Illustration: PLATE 121 +"Rostrevor," Knoxville, Tenn. Mrs. William C. Ross +_From a photograph by James E. Thompson_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 122 +Longview, Tenn. Mrs. James E. Caldwell +_From a photograph by G. C. Dury Co. Reproduced by permission of the +author of "Your Garden and Mine"_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 123 +"Hazelwood," Kinloch, Mo. Mrs. Samuel W. Fordyce] + + + + +XII + +ILLINOIS AND INDIANA + + +Illinois, with its claim to countless fine estates, includes a plentiful +share of gardens, and more especially in the lake region, where +luxuriant growths of trees tell of congenial soil and climate. As a +background the great lake stretches like a sea beyond many of the +beautiful flower-borders, which bloom almost as richly as those near the +distant ocean. + +Unfortunately some of the finest plantings are not illustrated in this +book, which is limited to gardens of a formal design, and the type +characteristic of Illinois is mostly informal, as so frequently seen in +America,--an arrangement which does not lend itself satisfactorily to +photography. In such a plan the flowers are usually massed in long, +broad beds bordering the lawn, the front lines are laid in irregular +curves, with trees and shrubs for the background. Groups of shrubs with +other beds are sometimes used to break a wide stretch of lawn, and make +a rambling and delightful sort of garden scheme. But in photography +detail is lost when the camera is at sufficient distance to include more +than a small section of such a design. For this reason pictures can +never do full justice to the flower planting on such notable places as +those of Albert N. Day, Esq., Lake Forest; Wm. C. Egan, Esq., Egandale, +Highland Park; George Higginson, Esq., Meadow Farm; and W. G. Hibbard, +Esq., both at Winnetka, and many others. + +The spring display of late Tulips at Highland Park and Lake Forest is +especially remarkable. Masses of Darwins and Cottage varieties in +perfect color blending are planted everywhere, in the woods, in +shrubbery, and in borders. + +The illustration of the formal garden at Lake Forest, owned by Harold +McCormick, Esq., gives a vivid idea of the form and finish of this +charming place, which must always stand among the best of middle West +gardens, well favored in the beauty of its surrounding trees and +generously planted with perennials and shrubs. It has the charm of +individuality rather uncommon to large gardens, and stands for that +welcome type which seeks to be itself. + +Hardin Hall garden, with the great lake as a background, has recently +joined the ranks of beautiful American gardens. Every new garden is as a +jewel added to the crown of its State, and this little gem in planting +is noted throughout the North Shore. Stepping-stones in the grass lead +to another green enclosure, designed on a less formal plan,--the whole +scheme being most artistically conceived. + +The climate near the lake is slightly cooler than in other localities, +spring opening from one to two weeks later than inland. The difference +in time of spring bloom on this shore and near New York City is only +about a week. The climate on the lake front is especially variable. The +country is a flat upland broken with wooded ravines. + +Out in central Illinois, in Piatt County, there are fifteen thousand +acres belonging to a famous estate beyond Monticello. The Farms contains +delightful gardens on an extensive scale, quite English in design, and +as far as possible in keeping with the Georgian architecture of the +house. Juniper Hibernica is freely used over the main garden, enriching +with its deep evergreen tones the broad expanse of flower-bordered beds. +The walls are covered with Chinese Wistarias, Japanese Honeysuckle, +trained peach trees, nectarines, pears, and plums. + +Monticello is in the latitude of Philadelphia; the blooming dates almost +correspond, but frost destroys a trifle earlier. The highest summer +thermometer rarely reaches one hundred degrees, sometimes dropping in +winter to twenty-seven degrees below. Tender annuals can usually be +planted out after May 15. Mulching and watering is necessary to preserve +the summer bloomers. + +Famous in the annals of southern Indiana is the large estate at +Lexington known as Englishton Park, and for six generations the property +of the English family. + +Problems of insufficient rain, poor soil, and rocky ground have been +overcome by most scientific measures, and now a pool filled with Lilies +and bordered with water-loving plants is a feature of a wonderful rock +garden abundantly and tastefully planted with the perennials most +suitable for rocks or for moisture. The Rose garden near by and long +path leading to the house, bordered with beds of perennials, are further +delightful tributes to the devoted labor of one who has spent much time +on this, her gladdest task. + + +[Illustration: PLATE 124 +Lake Forest, Ill. Harold McCormick, Esq. +_From a photograph by Julian A. Buckly_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 125 +"Hardin Hall," Hubbard's Wood, Ill. Mrs. John H. Hardin] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 126 +"The Farms"] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 127 +"The Farms," Monticello, Ill. Robert Allerton, Esq.] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 128 +The rock garden, "Englishton Park"] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 129 +The rock garden, "Englishton Park," Lexington, Ind. Mrs. W. E. +English] + + + + +XIII + +OHIO + + +The difference is slight between the climate of Ohio and other States of +its latitude in the East and middle West. While there is no mountainous +region, northern Ohio has the advantage of a great lake as its border. +On a line with central Connecticut, the temperature of Cleveland is +similarly favorable to flower growing, and garden enthusiasts are +increasing. Like most of the Middle States, the country is rather flat +and the soil fertile as a rule. But, except on the lake shore, the +gardens suffer more or less from the hot weather and scarcity of +moisture. + +In the northern half of Ohio spring bulbs appear simultaneously with +those in northern New Jersey, and the later plants follow in the same +succession. The southern half of Ohio is in the latitude of Maryland and +its climatic conditions are almost similar. The spring and June gardens +in the middle West give the best satisfaction. The climate is variable, +as it is elsewhere throughout the country. + +One charming illustration conveys some idea of the garden at Gwinn, +which is eight miles from Cleveland, and undoubtedly the most notable +in this State. By early April the spring garden blooms with Hepatica, +Crocus, Chionodoxa, Scilla, Sundrops, Pansy, English Daisy, Spring +Beauty, Bloodroot, Trillium, Cypripedium, Violet, Tulip, Hyacinth, and +Daffodil, followed soon by many later garden favorites. Sufficient water +is supplied to carry the bloom safely through midsummer and September, +and year by year the beauty of this garden is increasing with the +maturing of its trees and shrubbery, and all that tends to complete the +dignity of so noble a design. + +So artistically wrought are all the various features contributing to the +beauty of the Clifton garden that choice of illustrations is made +difficult when selection is limited to so few. This fact explains the +omission of the little flower garden which even though charming must +give place to the accompanying remarkable views. + +Not far from Cleveland Shadyside, on the lake, is another place of +interest to flower lovers, and here a small formal garden has been +recently completed in addition to the older water garden. This +delightful spot is worthy of particular attention not only on account of +the variety of plants adorning its banks, but for its picturesque +setting as well. + +Indian Hill offers a glimpse of a fair little garden, with no suggestion +of display; a vine-covered bower surrounded with flowers,--a creation of +simple loveliness. + + +[Illustration: PLATE 130 +"Gwinn," Cleveland, Ohio. William G. Mather, Esq. +_From a photograph by Julian A Buckly_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 131 +A picturesque spot in Mrs. Taft's garden] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 132 +A corner in the pergola +Clifton, Cincinnati, Ohio. Mrs. Samuel H. Taft] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 133 +The water garden +Clifton, Cincinnati, Ohio. Mrs. Samuel H. Taft] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 134 +The water garden +"Shadyside," Painesville, Ohio. Mrs. H. P. Knapp] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 135 +"Indian Hill"] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 136 +"Indian Hill," Mentor, Ohio. Mrs. John E. Newell] + + + + +XIV + +MICHIGAN AND WISCONSIN + + +Favored indeed are the gardens of these States, which border on the +Great Lakes, some five hundred and eighty feet above sea-level. The +country in most parts is fertile and flat, with a climate superior to +that of New England in summer, and winters equally as cold. To quote our +well known garden friend, Mrs. Francis King, of Alma, in central +Michigan: "We have a very fine summer climate, most favorable to +gardening; no humidity whatsoever, but dry and bracing, and while a +short summer, a merry one for flowers. We must plan for a late spring, +and frost is due in early September; but when we have learned these +things it is very simple to arrange for them. Our rainfall is usually +sufficient, and we practically never suffer from the heat. Hardy +Chrysanthemums need a very sheltered position in winter. At Detroit, one +hundred and fifty miles southeast of Alma, the trees are in spring +foliage almost ten days earlier, partly owing to the distance southward +and partly to the warming influence of Lake St. Clair." + +The garden at Orchard House, Alma, so vividly described in "The +Well-Considered Garden," is too familiar to most gardeners to need +description. Briefly, the planting over the large space is all balanced +in predominating colors of rose, lavender, white, and palest yellow. +Gray foliage and white flowers are freely used, and through the entire +summer there is not one week when the whole garden is not gay with +flowers from June until frost. + +To the northeast of Alma is the lovely garden at Garra-tigh, where +Daffodils bloom, as in Alma, three weeks later than near the city of New +York. Bay City is in the latitude of Portland, Maine, and central +Oregon. This attractive garden shows the effective combination of +flowers and trees so well arranged that the trees are not detrimental to +the vigor of the plants, and the sunny garden space is doubly radiant by +contrast, lying within the trees' encircling shadows. Garra-tigh is the +Gaelic for House with the Garden. + +Near Detroit, at Fairlawn, Grosse Pointe Shores, on Lake St. Clair, +where the country is flat and fertile, there is another delightful place +of interest noted for the abundance of flowers covering several acres of +land. The accompanying photograph was made in early September, when the +best of the bloom had passed. In June and July the place is a glory with +Lilies, Columbine, and Delphinium that are counted in hundreds, and +earlier there are Tulips and Daffodils by the thousands. Behind the +broad borders that edge the walks vegetables grow in great quantities. +Early Tulips come the first week of May, late Tulips about May 20. +Climate and soil combine to simplify the gardening tasks in this +productive country. + +The House in the Woods, on Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, has a beautiful +garden so well planned that it seems like an outdoor room to this +charming villa. The planting scheme is moderate, easily maintained, and +yet with beds broad enough to include without difficulty the plants for +a long, continuous bloom. Opposite the house the picturesque studio, +standing out against the wooded background, borders the garden on this +side so that it lies within an enclosed court. + + +[Illustration: PLATE 137 +"Orchard House," Alma, Mich. Mrs. Francis King] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 138 +"Garra-tigh," Bay City, Mich. Mrs. William L. Clements] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 139 +"Fairlawn," Grosse Pointe Shores, Mich. Mrs. Benjamin S. Warren] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 140 +Studio from main house] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 141 +Court from studio terrace +"House-in-the-Woods," Lake Geneva, Wis. Frederic Clay Bartlett, Esq.] + + + + +XV + +NEW MEXICO + + +The mountainous States of the West, from Montana to New Mexico, from +Colorado almost to the Pacific, have a climate of their own, varying +naturally according to latitude. A resident of Las Cruces, New Mexico, +writes: "The first killing frost is usually to be expected from the 7th +to the 25th of October, very often it is much later, and we have had +tomatoes till December with the slightest possible protection. Many +flowers in a sheltered position bloom in winter, such as Calendula, +Violets, Wallflowers, and Pansies. The highest ordinary summer +thermometer is ninety-two to ninety-eight degrees. The lowest usually in +winter is fifteen degrees--occasionally it has gone down to fifteen or +twenty degrees below zero, but that is most exceptional. The climate is +extremely dry. Most of New Mexico is at a high altitude--we are about +three thousand eight hundred feet above sea-level here. + +"As some plants blossom through the winter, it is hard to say when the +garden begins to bloom. But about the middle of March we have Crocuses, +followed the 1st of April by Jonquils, Narcissus, Tulips, and other +bulbs, also German Iris, Lilac, Periwinkles, Cornflower, Mignonette. In +the mountains near-by the California Poppies bloom at the same time. +Then about mid-April come Tea Roses--and at the end of April or soon +after the Peonies and Sweet Peas. The 1st of May or a little later +Honeysuckles, Phlox, Snapdragon, Zinnias, and annual Larkspurs appear. +Almost everything that is not extremely tender can be wintered in open +ground without protection. Tender annuals should be planted out about +the end of March. I transplanted some things last year the end of April, +and the noonday sun was too much for them, though I shaded them for some +time. We plant seeds of Pansies, Asters, Sweet Peas, etc., in the fall +for best results." + +The garden at Mr. Barker's mountain home is delightfully fitted to its +surroundings, where nature is supreme and all else studied simplicity. +Flowers revel in their freedom without the restriction of conventional +beds. Flowers, nature, and the simple life of the Southern hills is the +message from this distant home. + + +[Illustration: PLATE 142 +Las Cruces, N. M. Percy W. Barker, Esq.] + + + + +XVI + +CALIFORNIA + + +The garden section of this State extends the length of its coast, and +possibly fifty miles inland, and much is conveyed in a few words when it +is described as one garden throughout this whole region. In the hill +country mountains are admirable settings to tropical gardens, and from +there to the sandy shores a delectable climate with prevailing westerly +sea-winds encourages phenomenal growth of the choicest plants. + +Southern California is particularly blessed with a clear, dry, and balmy +climate. Quoting an authority in Santa Barbara: "There is practically no +frost in southern California; in the north there is some. There are +flowers in our gardens at all times of the year. Tulips bloom in +February and March; Daffodils, German Iris, and other hardies from +February to May; also Lilies-of-the-Valley, which latter are more scarce +on account of the dryness of the atmosphere. From March till autumn +there is bloom from Sweet William, Phlox, and many others of their kind, +while Geranium, the common Marguerite, and Heliotrope grow all the year +around and become large bushes. Roses cover the tops of some villas; +Cosmos, California Poppy, Zinnia, Nasturtium, and Stock are among the +favorite annuals; and all, whether hardy or tender, may be planted out +in March when the winter rains are over. Some of the favorite exotic +shrubs used for their bloom are the Acacias, Genista, etc., Solanums, +and Choisia Ternata." Quite common are the great Poinsetta plants and +the soft, trailing Bougainvillea, with its exquisite red matching in +tone the color of our autumn leaves. Boxwood is little used in this +climate. Toward San Francisco and northward it is found in greater +quantity. To the south it is replaced by Myrtus communis nanus, Myrtus +microphylla, Veronica Andersonii for low hedges; Monterey Cypress, +Eugenia myrtifolia, different species of Ligustrum (Privet), which are +all evergreen here, Duranta Plumerii, and others. + +The highest temperature in Santa Barbara for a few days in fall is about +eighty-six degrees Fahrenheit and the lowest in winter is forty degrees +for a few days. The summers are very cool. The climate of Santa Barbara +is quite similar to Sorrento, Italy, only better. The farther north on +the coast the more rain. In Santa Barbara there is sunshine continually, +except for the brief period of rain in winter. The warmest months are +August, September, and October. From May to August there are fogs at +night along the coast which keep the temperature down during the day. + +In this paradise of sunshine and flowers are found a bewildering number +of wonderful subjects for photography, some of which must give an idea +of the favored vegetation of California. + +At Kimberly Crest, as in the other views, most conspicuous is the +brilliant clearness of the atmosphere. This beautiful country-seat is a +sample of many which are built more or less on a similar plan, and +especially noted for their profusion of choicest shrubs, trees, and +flowering plants. + +At Glendessary is found one of California's favorite gardens, where the +strong sunshine is moderated by the plentiful use of trees so carefully +arranged that the shadows do not disturb the growths of flowers, which +bloom abundantly throughout this lovely place. + +The flower garden at Piranhurst, named for Saint Piran, an Irish saint, +is exceedingly picturesque. The wonderful Greek Theatre, with its wings +of tall, clipped Cypress, is without a rival in this country. The design +was modelled after one at the Villa Gori, in Italy. This remarkable +planting, together with the Roses and other flora in the adjoining +garden, combine to make it one of the most famous places on the coast. +The owner of Piranhurst is also possessor of the garden at Ross, partly +shown in the view of a fountain, with its hill background covered with +massively grouped Hydrangeas and Rose vines. + +Perfectly complete in every detail is the lovely pool in Doctor +Schiffman's garden. It seems more a product of the Old World across the +sea, while fitting so happily into the tropical atmosphere of Pasadena. + +The marvellous growth of Banksia and Cherokee Roses, the field of +Marguerites, and the background of snow-peaked mountains, all so +characteristic of California, belong to Canon Crest Park, an estate well +known to many travellers. Wonderful, too, are the Palms that overarch +the driveway, and beautiful the gardens and panorama beyond. + +The Cactus planting of a San Diego garden is an interesting study in the +horticulture of California--this most favored State of the great Union. + + +[Illustration: PLATE 143 +"Kimberly Crest"] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 144 +"Kimberly Crest," Redlands, Cal. Mrs. J. A. Kimberly] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 145 +"Glendessary," Santa Barbara, Cal. Mrs. R. C. Rogers +_From a photograph by Brock-Higgins_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 146 +The Greek Theatre--the stage] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 147 +The Greek Theatre--the boxes +"Piranhurst," Santa Barbara, Cal. Mrs. Henry Bothin] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 148 +"Piranhurst," Santa Barbara, Cal. Mrs. Henry Bothin] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 149 +Ross, Cal. Mrs. Henry Bothin] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 150 +Pasadena, Cal. Rev. Mr. Schiffman +_From a photograph, copyright, by Detroit Publishing Co._] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 151 +"Canon Crest Park"] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 152 +"Canon Crest Park," Redlands, Cal. Mrs. Daniel Smiley] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 153 +"Canon Crest Park"] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 154 +"Canon Crest Park," Redlands, Cal. Mrs. Daniel Smiley] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 155 +A Cactus garden, Riverside, Cal. +Typical growth in California +_From a photograph by Brown Brothers_] + + + + +XVII + +OREGON AND WASHINGTON + + +In this coast region of the Northwest, shrubs, trees, and vines develop +rapidly and give sooner to the garden the appearance of completeness +than is the case in the drier climates. An authority from Portland says: +"The growing season is long, lasting from March 1 to November 1, and in +the places where lawns are well kept they are green throughout the +entire winter. At this period, however, the grass does not grow enough +to require clipping. Several shrubs, such as the Laurestinus, remain in +foliage throughout the entire winter. Usually a few belated Roses are +found on the bushes as late as Christmas, not the perfect blooms of +summer, by any means, but sufficiently good-looking to adorn a vase in +the drawing-room. The freezing weather would ordinarily come in January +and be very limited in duration." In February the spring bulbs, +Daffodils and Forsythia, appear. + +At Tacoma and throughout the coast section of Washington the climate +differs but slightly from that of Portland, Oregon, the latter having +probably less rain and mist, but the whole coast is ideal for flowers. +The summer is the dryest season, when gardens will require some +sprinkling but not to the extent necessary in most portions of the +country. Another authority states that in this northwest coast district +it is clear 43 per cent of the year between sunrise and sunset. On an +average, 80 clear days, 122 partly clear days, 163 cloudy days. A day +which is up to three-tenths cloudy is classed as clear. A day +four-tenths to seven-tenths cloudy is classed as partly clear. Days in +excess of four-tenths cloudy classed as cloudy. + +Near Tacoma, among majestic surroundings of forest and lake, with Mount +Tacoma as a background, are the famous gardens of Thornewood, rich in +flowers and shrubs and splendid garden architecture. Trees and hedges +will wither and die, but the "everlasting hills" and the silver waters +of American Lake will form a perpetual background to this beautiful +place, built in 1880 and standing as the pioneer great garden of the +State. + +Gardens even in the cities are becoming numerous, and attached to many +fine residences the planting, though now in its youth, promises to add +great adornment in the near future to these municipalities of the +Northwest. Mr. Merrill's spacious place in Seattle, partly shown in two +small views, illustrates the delightful possibilities of a town garden. + +The Rose hedge and lovely Rose garden at Rose Crest are typical of +hundreds of others in Portland. The hedges are usually made up of Madame +Caroline Testout Roses, the most popular sort there; in fact, Portland's +official emblem. By June 1, along the curbing of the avenues, there are +miles of Roses in bloom, and, as may be imagined, the effect is very +pleasing. The climate of western Oregon is quite similar to favored +portions of England, but has the advantage of more sunshine. The variety +of vegetation is almost endless. Plants native to England will grow here +that will not thrive in other parts of the United States, and the +gardening tasks are simple in comparison to the toil necessary where +gardens are subject to greater extremes of heat, cold, drought, and +similar problems. + +Cliff Cottage and High Hatch, both about six miles south of Portland, on +the Willamette River, possess gardens in their beginning, both +interestingly planned and already known to garden lovers even beyond the +limits of that State. The Cliff Cottage garden is designed in four +terraces, with a rich background of primeval trees. Dwarf fruit trees +and vegetables fill the beds that are all bordered with flowers. The +stone stairway leading to the several terraces is in keeping with the +natural surroundings of a wooded hillside. Rock planting is also a +feature. The landscape in the distance is a beautiful outlook. + +High Hatch has a combination of upper and lower garden, partly in a rock +garden, spread out over considerable undulating land with winding gravel +paths and stone stairs connecting the various parts. A wide white stone +balustrade divides the broad lawn from the gardens below, and a fine +growth of aged pines completes the adornment of the place. + + +[Illustration: PLATE 156 +"Thornewood," Tacoma, Wash. Mrs. Chester Thorne] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 157 +"Thornewood"] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 158 +"Thornewood," Tacoma, Wash. Chester Thorne, Esq.] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 159 +Seattle, Wash. Robert Merrill, Esq.] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 160 +Seattle, Wash. Robert Merrill, Esq.] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 161 +Section of a Rose hedge bordering an avenue in Portland, Ore.] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 162 +"Rosecrest," Portland Heights, Portland, Ore. Mrs. F. I. Fuller] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 163 +A garden in three terraces +"Cliff Cottage," Elk Rock, Portland, Ore. Peter Kerr, Esq.] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 164 +A rock garden leading to formal garden +"High Hatch," Riverwood, Portland, Ore. Thomas Kerr, Esq.] + + + + +XVIII + +ALASKA + + +_Last_, but not least, comes Alaska; even if last to arrive on the map +of the Union, yet not least in size of territory or in flowers, and with +still another condition of climate to be considered. Alaskan gardens are +as yet but tiny modest plots against the gray log cabins, suggesting the +homes of our Pilgrim fathers on the milder New England coast so long +ago, and as we think of the stone and marble pergolas in modern New +England, there comes the suggestion: "Then why not Alaska likewise some +day?" + +To those who think of Alaska only as a land of snow and ice, +descriptions of its flower-surrounded log cabins seem like impossible +dreams. Quoting from Reverend Mr. Lumpkin's paper: + +"In coming into Alaska, you first awake to the beautiful reality in +Skagway. This is the point where the White Pass road is taken to make +connection with the river boats for the interior. Your eyes rest upon +the wonderful fulfilment of the flowers and your crag-weary soul is +refreshed. + +"Every growing thing in Alaska seems to exemplify the Alaskan spirit, +and that is to make the very best of bad conditions, and to make the +very most of the many good ones. With the dark winters and short +summers, every ray of sunshine has to be used, and when in the summer +the sun shines all day and nearly all night for three months, there is +no time for loafing in flower land. + +"Just take a walk down through Fairbanks in July and you will begin to +think that wonders will never cease. You will see flowers, that at home +you had to coax and nurse into growth, here in radiant, luxuriant +masses. The Pansies are unusually large, whole borders of them, and +paths bordered with beds a foot wide, filled to the edges with +changeable velvet. Sweet Peas grow up to the tops of the fences, and +then, if no further support is given them, over they go, back to the +ground again. All summer the Nasturtiums climb nearer and nearer the +roofs of the cabins, and bloom and bloom in sheer delight. Some paths +are bordered with Poppies, big stately red and white, and white and pink +ones, or the golden California beauties. These natives of warmer climes +seem perfectly at home in the Northland. Asters scorn hothouses and grow +in profusion wherever they are planted, and wherever they are they are +beautiful. They are as large as the Chrysanthemums the Easterner +delights in, and of all the various changes of colors. By them, perhaps, +will be Dahlias as large and rich as any you have ever seen. The more +beauty-loving and flower-loving the owner of the garden, the longer you +will stay to look and wonder. Candytuft, Sweet Alyssum, and Mignonette +will greet you from their accustomed places on the borders of beds of +flowers, and you will almost smile at them as at some old-time friend. +Then you will see where some daring gardener has bordered the beds with +Phlox or Snapdragon, and you will feel compelled to admire the result. + +"Never have I seen such Begonias. The flowers are like Camellias, and +the colors exquisite. Shades of pale yellow to deep yellow, pale pink to +deep pink, and the pure white. The Geraniums, too, grow to giant size, +and seem to be ever-blooming. One really is tempted to feel the stalks +of some of them before it can be believed that they are not two plants +tied together. There was a Geranium in one of the small towns which +filled the window of a store. + +"Many cabins have five or more baskets hanging from the eaves. Imagine +gray log cabins with birch baskets filled with blue Lobelias; +flame-colored Nasturtiums climbing to the roof, beds of velvet Pansies, +borders of crimson Poppies leading to the gate, where golden California +Poppies make way for you to pass, and beyond, the distant Alaskan +mountains, snow-covered and glistening in the sun. Imagine one cabin, +and then think of streets of them; change your flower colors as you +will, as a child changes his kaleidoscope, and you will have some idea +of Alaska flower land."[5] + +FOOTNOTES: + +[5] From _The Alaskan Churchman_. + + + + +XIX + +VANCOUVER ISLAND + + +The lure of the far-famed gardens of the island so close to our shores +is enticing enough to make a happy excuse for giving the space of a page +to one of its smaller gardens. + +In the heart of this fair garden, in the country of the Englishman, at +the end of this book on American gardens, the author, though a proud +American, unhesitatingly admits that usually it is the Englishman who +has inspired us to make gardens as nearly as possible like those of the +mother country. Is it the old blood that is stirring within us, the +common bond of past associations and brotherhood so often expressed in +our physical resemblances as well as in many of our ideals? The garden +in the accompanying illustrations shows a beautiful combination of +flowers with picturesque old trees. + +The climate of this favored place is even more delightful and balmy than +that of the mainland, and the charm of the great Pacific is doubly felt +along these quiet shores. The untravelled may picture it as isolated and +forsaken, but rather is it just enough retired to be apart without +loneliness; and, except, in a few cities, excluding the turmoil of the +world, yet hospitably open to the friendly passer-by. + +There is more sunshine here than in England, although the climates are +very similar. On Vancouver Island there are the four distinct, +well-defined seasons; the temperature is more like that of Portland than +of Tacoma. The island is generously covered with vegetation, and when +its native wild flowers are considered, in addition to the gardens in +rich cultivation, it may well be called a garden island. + + +[Illustration: PLATE 165 +Victoria City, Vancouver Island, B. C.] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 169 +Victoria City, Vancouver Island, B. C.] + + + + +A FEW GARDEN GATES + + +[Illustration: PLATE 167 +Longview, Tenn. Mrs. James E. Caldwell +_From a photograph by G. C. Dury & Co. Reproduced by permission of the +author of "Your Garden and Mine"_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 168 +"Knock-Mae-Cree," Westport, Conn. Mrs. William Curtis Gibson +_From a photograph by Brown Brothers_] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 169] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 170 +"Hamilton House," South Berwick, Maine. Mrs. George S. Tyson] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 171] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 172 +"Glen Alpine," Morristown, N. J. Charles W. McAlpin, Esq.] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 173 +East Hampton, L. I. Mrs. Theron G. Strong] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 174 +"Glendessary," Santa Barbara, Cal. Mrs. R. C. Rogers] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 175 +"Clifton," Cincinnati, Ohio. Mrs. Samuel H. Taft] + + +[Illustration: PLATE 176 +"Thornewood," Tacoma, Wash. Chester Thorne, Esq.] + + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's Beautiful Gardens in America, by Louise Shelton + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BEAUTIFUL GARDENS IN AMERICA *** + +***** This file should be named 34893.txt or 34893.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/4/8/9/34893/ + +Produced by Annie McGuire. 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