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+Project Gutenberg's Beautiful Gardens in America, by Louise Shelton
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Beautiful Gardens in America
+
+Author: Louise Shelton
+
+Release Date: January 9, 2011 [EBook #34893]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BEAUTIFUL GARDENS IN AMERICA ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Annie McGuire. This book was produced from
+scanned images of public domain material from the Internet
+Archive.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: Book Cover]
+
+
+
+
+BEAUTIFUL GARDENS
+IN AMERICA
+
+
+
+
+BOOKS BY LOUISE SHELTON
+PUBLISHED BY CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+  BEAUTIFUL GARDENS IN AMERICA. Illustrated. 4to       _net_ $5.00
+  CONTINUOUS BLOOM IN AMERICA. Illustrated. 4to        _net_ $2.00
+  THE SEASONS IN A FLOWER GARDEN. Illustrated. 12mo    _net_ $1.00
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE I
+"Mariemont," Newport, R. I. Mrs. Thomas J. Emory
+_After an autochrome photograph by Miss Johnston--Mrs. Hewitt_]
+
+
+
+
+BEAUTIFUL GARDENS
+IN AMERICA
+
+
+BY
+LOUISE SHELTON
+
+
+[Illustration]
+
+
+SECOND EDITION
+
+
+NEW YORK
+CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS
+1916
+
+
+
+
+COPYRIGHT, 1915, BY
+CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS
+
+
+
+
+DEDICATED TO THE PRAISE OF THOSE AMERICAN
+MEN AND WOMEN, OF WHATSOEVER
+PERIOD, WHO HAVE PLANTED SO BEAUTIFULLY
+THAT THEIR GARDENS ARE AN INSPIRATION
+TO OTHERS IN ALL GENERATIONS
+
+
+
+
+IN GREEN OLD GARDENS
+
+
+  Here may I live what life I please,
+  Married and buried out of sight,
+  Married to pleasure, and buried to pain,
+  Hidden away amongst scenes like these
+  Under the fans of the chestnut trees:
+  Living my child-life over again,
+  With the further hope of a fuller delight,
+  Blithe as the birds and wise as the bees.
+  In green old gardens hidden away
+  From sight of revel, and sound of strife,
+  Here have I leisure to breathe and move,
+  And do my work in a nobler way;
+  To sing my songs, and to say my say;
+  To dream my dreams, and to love my love,
+  To hold my faith and to live my life,
+  Making the most of its shadowy day.
+
+  --VIOLET FANE.
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS
+
+                                                                    PAGE
+         FOREWORD                                                     xv
+  CHAPTER
+      I. THE GARDEN AND ITS MEANING                                    1
+     II. CLIMATE IN AMERICA                                            8
+    III. NEW ENGLAND                                                  13
+           MAINE                                                      14
+           NEW HAMPSHIRE AND VERMONT                                  27
+           MASSACHUSETTS                                              37
+           RHODE ISLAND                                               79
+           CONNECTICUT                                                89
+     IV. NEW YORK                                                     99
+           LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK                                     127
+      V. NEW JERSEY                                                  155
+     VI. PENNSYLVANIA                                                187
+    VII. MARYLAND                                                    205
+   VIII. VIRGINIA                                                    219
+     IX. SOUTH CAROLINA                                              235
+      X. GEORGIA AND FLORIDA                                         247
+     XI. TENNESSEE AND MISSOURI                                      255
+    XII. ILLINOIS AND INDIANA                                        265
+   XIII. OHIO                                                        277
+    XIV. MICHIGAN AND WISCONSIN                                      287
+     XV. NEW MEXICO                                                  299
+    XVI. CALIFORNIA                                                  303
+   XVII. OREGON AND WASHINGTON                                       323
+  XVIII. ALASKA                                                      337
+    XIX. VANCOUVER ISLAND                                            340
+         A FEW GARDEN GATES                                          347
+
+
+
+
+ILLUSTRATIONS
+
+
+COLOR-PLATES
+
+  PLATE
+
+     I   "MARIEMONT," NEWPORT, R. I.                      _Frontispiece_
+
+    II }
+   III } "FAIRLAWN," LENOX, MASS.                     _Facing page_   42
+
+    IV   THE AUTHOR'S CHILDHOOD GARDEN                               106
+
+     V   SOUTHAMPTON, L. I.                                          130
+
+    VI   "GLEN ALPINE," MORRISTOWN, N. J.                            160
+
+   VII }
+  VIII } ROLAND PARK, BALTIMORE, MD.                                 210
+
+_Plates I, V, VII, and VIII were reproduced from photographs colored by
+Mrs. Herbert A. Raynes, the basis of which were autochrome photographs._
+
+
+HALF-TONE PLATES
+
+  PLATE
+
+    1   "KENARDEN LODGE," BAR HARBOR, MAINE
+
+    2   "BLAIR EYRIE," BAR HARBOR, MAINE
+
+    3 }
+    4 } "HAMILTON HOUSE," SOUTH BERWICK, MAINE
+    5 }
+
+    6 }
+    7 }
+    8 } CORNISH, N. H.
+    9 }
+   10 }
+
+   11   OLD BENNINGTON, VT.
+
+   12 }
+   13 } "WELD," BROOKLINE, MASS.
+   14 }
+
+   15   WELLESLEY, MASS.
+
+   16   "HOLM LEA," BROOKLINE, MASS.
+
+   17 }
+   18 } "FAIRLAWN," LENOX, MASS.
+   19 }
+
+   20 }
+   21 } "BELLEFONTAINE," LENOX, MASS.
+   22 }
+
+   23   "OVERLOCH," WENHAM, MASS.
+
+   24   "FERNBROOKE," LENOX, MASS.
+
+   25   "CHESTERWOOD," GLENDALE, MASS.
+
+   26 }
+   27 } "RIVERSIDE FARM," TYRINGHAM, MASS.
+   28 }
+
+   29   "NAUM KEAG," STOCKBRIDGE, MASS.
+
+   30   "BROOKSIDE," GREAT BARRINGTON, MASS.
+
+   31   "ROCK MAPLE FARM," HAMILTON, MASS.
+
+   32   BROOKLINE, MASS.
+
+   33   LONGFELLOW'S GARDEN, CAMBRIDGE, MASS.
+
+   34   OLD WITCH HOUSE, SALEM, MASS.
+
+   35   "MARIEMONT," NEWPORT, R. I.
+
+   36   "THE ELMS," NEWPORT, R. I.
+
+   37   "VERNON COURT," NEWPORT, R. I.
+
+   38   "VILLASERRA," WARREN, R. I.
+
+   39   "WOODSIDE," HARTFORD, CONN.
+
+   40   "ELMWOOD," POMFRET, CONN.
+
+   41   POMFRET CENTRE, CONN.
+
+   42   "BRANFORD HOUSE," GROTON, CONN.
+
+   43   POMFRET CENTRE, CONN.
+
+   44 } AUBURN, N. Y.
+   45 }
+
+   46   SECTION OF A WILD GARDEN AT TUXEDO PARK, N. Y.
+
+   47   "WOODLAND," TUXEDO, N. Y.
+
+   48   "CRAGSWERTHE," TUXEDO, N. Y.
+
+   49   "BLITHEWOOD," BARRYTOWN-ON-HUDSON, N. Y.
+
+   50 }
+   51 } "WODENETHE," BEACON-ON-HUDSON, N. Y.
+
+   52 }
+   53 } THE AUTHOR'S CHILDHOOD GARDEN, NEWBURGH-ON-HUDSON, N. Y.
+
+   54   "ECHO LAWN," NEWBURGH-ON-HUDSON, N. Y.
+
+   55 }
+   56 } "MEADOWBURN," WARWICK, N. Y.
+
+   57   "RIDGELAND FARM," BEDFORD, N. Y.
+
+   58   SOUTHAMPTON, L. I.
+
+   59 }
+   60 }
+   61 } "THE ORCHARD," SOUTHAMPTON, L. I.
+   62 }
+
+   63 }
+   64 } "THE APPLETREES," SOUTHAMPTON, L. I.
+
+   65   SOUTHAMPTON, L. I.
+
+   66 }
+   67 }
+   68 } EAST HAMPTON, L. I.
+   69 }
+
+   70   "MANOR HOUSE," GLEN COVE, L. I.
+
+   71   CEDARHURST, L. I.
+
+   72   WESTBURY, L. I.
+
+   73   "MANOR HOUSE," GLEN COVE, L. I.
+
+   74   "SYLVESTER MANOR," SHELTER ISLAND
+
+   75   "CHERRYCROFT," MORRISTOWN, N. J.
+
+   76   "RIDGEWOOD HILL," MORRISTOWN, N. J.
+
+   77   MORRISTOWN, N. J.
+
+   78 }
+   79 } "BLAIRSDEN," PEAPACK, N. J.
+   80 }
+
+   81   "BROOKLAWN," SHORT HILLS, N. J.
+
+   82 }
+   83 } "DRUMTHWACKET," PRINCETON, N. J.
+   84 }
+
+   85   "ONUNDA," MADISON, N. J.
+
+   86   "GLEN ALPINE," MORRISTOWN, N. J.
+
+   87   "THORNTON," RUMSON, N. J.
+
+   88   HIGHLAND, N. J.
+
+   89   "ALLGATES," HAVERFORD, PA.
+
+   90 } ANDALUSIA, PA.
+   91 }
+
+   92   "EDGECOMBE," CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
+
+   93   "KRISHEIM," CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
+
+   94 }
+   95 } "WILLOW BANK," BRYN MAWR, PA.
+
+   96   "FANCY FIELD," CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
+
+   97   "TIMBERLINE," BRYN MAWR, PA.
+
+   98   "BALLYGARTH," CHESTNUT HILL, PHILADELPHIA, PA.
+
+   99   "HAMPTON," TOWSON, MD.
+
+  100   "EVERGREEN-ON-AVENUE," BALTIMORE, MD.
+
+  101   "CYLBURN HOUSE," CYLBURN, BALTIMORE CO., MD.
+
+  102   "INGLESIDE," CATONSVILLE, MD.
+
+  103   "THE BLIND," HAVRE DE GRACE, MD.
+
+  104 }
+  105 } MONTPELIER, VA.
+  106 }
+  107 }
+
+  108 } "ROSE HILL," GREENWOOD, VA.
+  109 }
+
+  110   "MEADOWBROOK MANOR," DREWRY'S BLUFF, VA.
+
+  111   RICHMOND, VA.
+
+  112 } "MAGNOLIA GARDEN," CHARLESTON, S. C.
+  113 }
+
+  114 }
+  115 } "PRESTON GARDEN," COLUMBIA, S. C.
+  116 }
+
+  117 }
+  118 } "GREEN COURT," AUGUSTA, GA.
+  119 }
+
+  120   TROPICAL GROWTH, PALM BEACH, FLA.
+
+  121   "ROSTREVOR," KNOXVILLE, TENN.
+
+  122   LONGVIEW, TENN.
+
+  123   "HAZELWOOD," KINLOCH, MO.
+
+  124   LAKE FOREST, ILL.
+
+  125   "HARDIN HALL," HUBBARD'S WOOD, ILL.
+
+  126 } "THE FARMS," MONTICELLO, ILL.
+  127 }
+
+  128 } THE ROCK GARDEN, "ENGLISHTON PARK," LEXINGTON, IND.
+  129 }
+
+  130   "GWINN," CLEVELAND, OHIO
+
+  131 }
+  132 } CLIFTON, CINCINNATI, OHIO
+  133 }
+
+  134   "SHADYSIDE," PAINESVILLE, OHIO
+
+  135 }
+  136 } "INDIAN HILL," MENTOR, OHIO
+
+  137   "ORCHARD HOUSE," ALMA, MICH.
+
+  138   "GARRA-TIGH," BAY CITY, MICH.
+
+  139   "FAIRLAWN," GROSSE POINTS SHORES, MICH.
+
+  140 } "HOUSE-IN-THE-WOODS," LAKE GENEVA, WIS.
+  141 }
+
+  142   LAS CRUCES, N. M.
+
+  143 } "KIMBERLY CREST," REDLANDS, CAL.
+  144 }
+
+  145   "GLENDESSARY," SANTA BARBARA, CAL.
+
+  146 }
+  147 } "PIRANHURST," SANTA BARBARA, CAL.
+  148 }
+
+  149   ROSS, CAL.
+
+  150   PASADENA, CAL.
+
+  151 }
+  152 }
+  153 } "CANON CREST PARK," REDLANDS, CAL.
+  154 }
+
+  155   TYPICAL GROWTH IN CALIFORNIA
+
+  156 }
+  157 } "THORNEWOOD," TACOMA, WASH.
+  158 }
+
+  159 }
+  160 } SEATTLE, WASH.
+
+  161   SECTION OF A ROSE HEDGE BORDERING AN AVENUE IN PORTLAND, ORE.
+
+  162   "ROSECREST," PORTLAND HEIGHTS, PORTLAND, ORE.
+
+  163   "CLIFF COTTAGE," ELK ROCK, PORTLAND, ORE.
+
+  164   "HIGH HATCH," RIVERWOOD, PORTLAND, ORE.
+
+  165 }
+  166 } VICTORIA CITY, VANCOUVER ISLAND, B. C.
+
+  167   LONGVIEW, TENN.
+
+  168   "KNOCK-MAE-CREE," WESTPORT, CONN.
+
+  169 }
+  170 } "HAMILTON HOUSE," SOUTH BERWICK, MAINE
+
+  171 }
+  172 } "GLEN ALPINE," MORRISTOWN, N. J.
+
+  173   EAST HAMPTON, L. I.
+
+  174   "GLENDESSARY," SANTA BARBARA, CAL.
+
+  175   CLIFTON, CINCINNATI, OHIO.
+
+  176   "THORNEWOOD," TACOMA, WASH.
+
+TITLE-PAGE: EAST HAMPTON, L. I., ALBERT HERTER, ESQ.
+From a photograph by Jessie Tarbox Beals.
+
+
+
+
+     "A garden was wonderful at night--a place of strange silences
+     and yet stranger sound: trees darkly guarding mysterious
+     paths that ran into caverns of darkness; the scents of
+     flowers rising from damp earth heavy with dew; flowers that
+     were weary with the dust and noise of the day and slept
+     gently, gratefully, with their heads drooping to the soil,
+     their petals closed by the tender hands of the spirits of
+     the garden. The night sounds were strangely musical. Cries
+     that were discordant in the day mingled now with the running
+     of distant water, the last notes of some bird before it
+     slept, the measured harmony of a far-away bell, the gentle
+     rustle of some arrival in the thickets; the voice that could
+     not be heard in the noisy chatter of the day rose softly now
+     in a little song of the night and the dark trees and the
+     silver firelight of the stars."
+
+  --HUGH WALPOLE.
+
+
+
+
+FOREWORD
+
+
+Books and magazines written by and for American architects usually show
+in their illustrations fine imitations of lovely French, English, and
+Italian formalism and works of art in marble or other stone ornamenting
+the gardens of great mansions in this country.
+
+The object of this book is to present, more particularly, another type
+of garden, demonstrating the cultured American's love of beauty
+expressed through plant life rather than in stone; showing the
+development of his ideal in more original directions, when planning for
+himself the garden spot in which he is to live rather than when building
+wholly in imitation of some accepted type of classic art.
+
+With but few exceptions, these illustrations are of a class which might
+be called personal gardens. The attractive features in nearly every view
+speak so eloquently for themselves that there seems but little need of
+detailed verbal description of each beautiful spot.
+
+In covering all sections of the country, occasion is given for the
+observation and study of widely varying climatic conditions, the
+results of which the author has also sought to consider.
+
+Some difficulty has been felt in properly ascribing the ownership of a
+number of the gardens illustrated. As a rule, there is but one
+recognized director of the garden's welfare--rarely are two members of a
+household equally interested. While he is by custom acknowledged master
+of the house, it is oftener she who rules supreme among the flowers.
+Misnaming the real possessor might be a serious mistake; attributing the
+ownership to two is superfluous; the benefit, where any doubt existed,
+has been therefore given to the fair sex, with due apology for possible
+errors.
+
+  LOUISE SHELTON.
+  MORRISTOWN, N. J.,
+  October 28, 1915.
+
+
+
+
+BEAUTIFUL GARDENS
+
+IN AMERICA
+
+
+
+
+A GARDEN
+
+  Come not with careless feet
+    To tread my garden's unfrequented ways.
+  No highroad this, no busy clanging street,
+    No place of petty shows and fond displays.
+  Here there are blossoms sweet
+    That shrink and pine from inconsiderate gaze;
+  And here the birds repeat
+    Only to loving ears their truest lays.
+  Hither I can retreat
+  And drink of peace where peace unravished stays.
+  Herein are streams of sorrow no man knows--
+  Herein a well of joy inviolate flows;
+  Come not with careless feet
+  To soil my garden's sanctuary ways.
+
+  --ANONYMOUS.
+
+
+
+
+I
+
+THE GARDEN AND ITS MEANING
+
+
+A world without flowers! What would it be? Among those who know, such a
+question needs no answer--and we are not seeking a reply from the
+uninitiated who, for lack of understanding and sympathy, can but gaze at
+us with wondering pity, when our gardens cause us to overlook so much
+that to them means life. But is there any life more real than the life
+in the garden for those who actually take part in its creation and
+nurture it carefully week by week and year by year? If, owing to this
+absorbing occupation, we fail to give a full share of ourselves to some
+of the social avocations of the busy world are we to be pitied for
+getting "back to the soil" to which we belong? Man was put by the
+Creator "in the Garden of Eden to dress it and to keep it," and even
+after his forced departure therefrom he was bidden to "till the ground,"
+and the reward seems great to us who know the meaning of the signs and
+wonders continually being revealed in the garden world.
+
+In seeking the simpler life which many are now craving, if luxuries are
+blessings that we could do without, must we count the flower garden a
+luxury? Not while its beauty is a joy in which others may share, nor
+when it helps to keep at home our interests which make the real home.
+There is a luxury that often induces the roaming spirit, and doubtless
+were there fewer motors there would be still more gardens and
+incidentally more home life. Yet notwithstanding this temptation to
+roam, gardens are now on the increase in almost every section of the
+United States. We have made a brave beginning of which to be justly
+proud.
+
+If only we could live in the world more as we live in the garden, what
+joy and contentment would be brought into the daily life! In the garden
+hurry and noise are needless, for perfect system can prevail where each
+plant, each labor has its own especial time, and where haste is a
+stranger, quiet reigns. It is in the stillness of the green world that
+we hear the sounds that make for peace and growth. In the garden, too,
+we labor faithfully, as best we know how, in following rules that
+promise good results. Then at a certain time we must stand aside,
+consciously trusting to the source of life to do the rest. With hopeful
+eyes we watch and wait, while the mysterious unseen spirit brings life
+into plant and tree. When something goes wrong, how sublime is our
+cheerful garden philosophy, as smiling we say: "Just wait until we try
+next year!" And patiently we try again, and ever patiently, sometimes
+again and yet again. Our unwritten motto is: "If others can, then why
+not we?" Even the man who "contends that God is not" shows all this
+wondrous reliance in the unseen force within his garden.
+
+With hands plunged into the cool earth we seem to bury in the magic soil
+all thoughts that jar till we almost feel ourselves a part of the garden
+plan; as much in harmony with it as the note of the bird, the soft
+splash of the fountain, the tints of the flowers and their perfumes.
+This idea is better expressed in four lines found inscribed on an old
+garden seat:
+
+  "The kiss of the sun for pardon,
+    The song of the birds for mirth,
+  One is nearer God's heart in a garden
+    Than anywhere else on earth."
+
+It is not a selfish life--the object in view is not a narrow one. How
+few would be content to create a beautiful garden if none could see! And
+our pleasure is not complete until others have shared its sweetness with
+us. The gardener is developing nature in the simplest and truest way,
+following the thought of the first great Architect and gladdening the
+hearts of men with the vision beautiful of the possibilities within
+plant life. In the flower garden the efforts are for upbuilding, for
+giving back some of the beauty intended in the Perfect Plan, too often
+defaced by man's heedlessness.
+
+Dating back their beginning some two hundred years in certain Southern
+States, numerous gardens, beautiful with age, tell the story of the
+ardent garden lovers of earlier days, who had to send abroad for their
+green treasures which they planted and carefully tended, hopefully
+planning for the future. Many such gardens with their choice shrubs and
+trees still stand as green memorials to those long-ago people who had
+time and money for this luxury. Since then the hardships following war
+have brought sad neglect to the beautiful places--the number we can
+never guess--many of which, however, are now being aroused to fresh life
+by new owners who appreciate the charm and dignity of an ancient home.
+
+Hidden away in some of the old plantations of the South, and scattered
+over the Eastern States, near Philadelphia, along the Hudson River, and
+in parts of Massachusetts, the best of the older gardens are found.
+Beautiful, too, while often beyond reach of the camera, are many of the
+more modern creations so skilfully and lovingly fashioned by men and
+women of later generations. It is impossible to do justice in
+photography to some of them when certain conditions prevent the camera
+from being placed at a range favorable to getting a view of the larger
+portions in one photograph. Sometimes they are composed of three or four
+connecting sections, each bringing a surprised delight to the visitor
+passing from one to the other, but such an arrangement cannot be
+satisfactorily portrayed in a picture.
+
+One strange reason why some American gardens are not photographed for
+the public is that occasionally people are found who will not share
+their blessings with others less fortunate; who jealously keep in
+seclusion all the wealth of nature's sweetness contained in their garden
+plot.
+
+After all, is not the delight which belongs to a garden but a bit of
+borrowed glory from the Creator of sunlight, and of the kingdom of
+flowers? If a garden is worthy of showing to our intimates, can we close
+it to the stranger who may need even more to breathe inspiration from
+its peace and loveliness? The foreign custom of opening the fine places
+to the public on stated days is one that we should freely emulate. And
+to those who may not come to the gardens, what a boon is photography,
+especially in color, placing in our very hands the beauty that we crave!
+
+The views contained within this book show gardens that were planned,
+with but few exceptions, by their owners, earnestly laboring to express
+their sense of the beautiful in these their outdoor homes. And so great
+is the individuality evinced in most of them that there are hardly two
+gardens that resemble one another; for the differences in gardens are as
+many as the endless number of varying characters written in the faces of
+men. Both are stamped with the spirit behind them. In visiting gardens
+it is not difficult to distinguish between the ones fashioned by "love's
+labor" and those made by the practical gardener.
+
+More and more we are getting away from the cold, stiff planting of
+Canna, Coleus, and Salvia. Few of us can tolerate the impression of
+newness and rigidity in the garden, and as Father Time cannot help us
+fast enough we try to emulate him by stamping his mark of mellowness in
+innumerable ways upon the youthful garden. Then Mother Earth is
+consulted as to her unrivalled way for the grouping of her flower
+family, and she shows us the close company they keep--hand in hand over
+the whole meadow--nothing stands quivering alone, grasses and plants
+blending to fill all spaces. Then above, in the rainbow, we learn the
+harmony for our color scheme, and unto no nation on earth need we apply
+for the latest theories dealing with these subjects for the beautifying
+of our gardens. The more of the nature scheme we bring into them the
+greater satisfaction will they give.
+
+We should build the garden with a setting of fine trees grouped upon the
+outskirts, otherwise it will seem as incomplete as a portrait without a
+frame. Half of the charm attached to the beautiful old gardens of Europe
+lies in the richness of their backgrounds of stately hedges and trees.
+
+If comparisons were to be made between such views as those shown in this
+book and the pictures of English gardens, for instance, the differences
+would not in every case be favorable to England, although it must be
+admitted that age has given a dignity and grandeur to many English
+gardens that could hardly be surpassed. Time, doubtless, will add this
+dignity to our gardens, but can we not feel that we have already
+equalled some of the smaller English gardens when we consider the
+poetical beauty found in most of these illustrations?
+
+Unfortunately, except in a few localities, our climate does not
+encourage the perfect development of the choicest of the evergreen
+hedge-plants, and yet with time we can produce some moderately fine
+effects in hedges. We may not hope soon to rival the best of the foreign
+gardens that have been maturing through generations of continuous care.
+Favored not only by climate but by riches unknown to the early
+landowners of our States, the best of the old gardens across the sea
+stand for the combined dreams of the many minds which gradually evolved
+them, the loving handiwork of innumerable patient toilers who have
+successively ministered to them.
+
+Just as there are gardens peculiar to other nations, Dutch, French,
+Italian, etc., might we not give serious consideration to evolving some
+day a type peculiarly American, inasmuch as it would embody the poetic
+and artistic sense of our country? Such a result might be attained even
+should we claim the privilege of our individual liberty, to plant, each
+one for the expression of his own soul, thus keeping our gardens
+distinctly variable and original in type, and so ultimately national.
+
+
+
+
+II
+
+CLIMATE IN AMERICA
+
+
+Few subjects are more bewildering than that of climate in the United
+States, and its effect on gardens in different sections is an ever
+interesting study. Replying to the question as to which locality in the
+East might be said to have the longest continued flowering period, an
+expert in the Agricultural Department writes: "The question of plant
+life in relation to climate is a very large one and one about which it
+is hard to generalize without close study in the various parts of the
+country. Some little work along these lines is being attempted, but as
+yet we have been unable to make any report upon it."
+
+Correspondence with gardeners in the various States has furnished the
+brief data given in connection with the following chapters, showing that
+the local conditions as affecting garden culture are much more
+encouraging in some places than in others.
+
+Not only are there the matters of latitude and altitude to be
+considered, but often quite as important is the influence of the Gulf
+Stream in the Atlantic or of the Japan Current in the Pacific Ocean.
+Again, there is the moist climate by the sea, or the quality of soil,
+the periodic torrential rainfall of one section, and elsewhere the long
+months of drought.
+
+Generally speaking, our country is, in most parts, a land of sunshine,
+with usually sufficient rain and moisture to benefit plant life, and
+while we grumble at our sudden changes in temperature, how few of us
+realize the blessing of an abundant sunshine pervading the "great
+outdoors" and incidentally the gardens!
+
+Nowhere do flowers grow more luxuriantly, in greater variety, or through
+a season more prolonged than on the coasts of Oregon, Washington, and
+California,--soil, moisture, and temperature combining to make gardening
+a simpler task than it is elsewhere. The shore country of Southern
+California is a perpetual garden, with a climate almost unrivalled for
+plants and for humans. North of San Francisco the near approach of the
+Japan Current produces a climate quite similar to that of England, and
+with the exception of possibly two months (and even then an occasional
+Rose may bloom) flowers are found all the year round. This favored
+section of the Northwest nevertheless is not visited with as much
+sunshine as is found elsewhere, but its gardens blossom with little
+assistance save from the frequent rainfall, more welcome to plants than
+to men.
+
+In Kansas and the other flat and fertile States of the Middle West the
+garden period, on account of the long, dry summers, is usually limited
+to the weeks from late March to late June. In the more northern
+temperature of the lake region gardens which flourish all summer are
+numerous.
+
+The Atlantic States have a shorter blooming season than those on the
+Pacific coast. Throughout the South, east of New Mexico, the warm
+weather season is as prolonged as on the Pacific coast, and yet in the
+Southern States garden bloom is checked half-way through the summer by
+excessive heat and drought (except in the favored mountainous
+localities), which at least interrupt the continuous succession of
+flowers. For this reason gardening in the South except in spring, or in
+high altitudes, is generally discouraged.
+
+Although not stated as an indisputable fact, scientifically, we are
+inclined to believe that the seacoast section of the Maryland peninsula
+is the locality in the East especially favorable to the most prolonged
+season of bloom. Lying between sea and bay, this particular district in
+the latitude for early spring and late frost enjoys also the benefit of
+surrounding waters, escaping thereby the parching summer climate from
+which gardens of the interior suffer, to the west and south and to the
+north, almost as far as Philadelphia.
+
+In Maine conditions are different; April and May gardens are
+conspicuously absent. The flower season generally begins in mid-June and
+does not much exceed three months, but in that period the bloom is
+exceptionally luxuriant. The season is necessarily a short one, as it is
+throughout this latitude westward to Oregon, where after reaching the
+Coast or Cascade Range there is a change and the climate becomes more
+like that of England than Maine. Along the Atlantic coast from Maine to
+New Jersey, where the climate is ideal for flowers, the greatest
+proportion of Eastern gardens may be found, on the shore and inland as
+well.
+
+So much for the general climatic effects upon flowers of the more
+populous districts of our vast country. A few lines will suffice to
+treat the climate question in connection with hedge-plants.
+
+While the summer climate in the Southern States has not generally a
+salutary effect upon the flowers, yet it has favored the best
+development of Boxwood, Holly, and certain other choice shrubs and
+trees, which do not thrive well north of Philadelphia. Fine specimens of
+Boxwood are rare sights in New England, where the more severe winters
+have from time to time destroyed the top growth. Many old New England
+gardens show the characteristic Box-edged path, but the shrub is usually
+not over two feet high, and is likely to remain so unless eventually the
+winter climate should moderate. Boxwood is seen on the Pacific coast,
+north of San Francisco, but not to the south, where Cypress is popular.
+There is little Boxwood in the latitude of New York City, except for
+edgings, where for tall hedges Privet, Arbor-Vitae, Hemlock, and Spruce
+are probably the most reliable evergreens. Arbor-Vitae is unlikely to
+live longer than seventy years.
+
+Although all of our States are not represented in this volume, these
+views are taken so generally from almost every section that the climatic
+conditions describing one State may usually stand as well at least for
+the States immediately adjoining. The only section of the Union omitted
+is that part through which run the Rocky Mountains. As a rule, this part
+of the country is not in its nature open to the cultivation of formal
+gardens, although its wild flora is remarkable enough to deserve special
+treatment.
+
+In the brief chapters to follow there will be given more detail relating
+to climate, in order that we fellow gardeners in all parts of the Union
+may know something more about one another's garden program, our several
+problems, and our privileges in this outdoor life that we lead.
+
+
+
+
+III
+
+NEW ENGLAND
+
+
+With dreams of the English gardens ever before them, our Pilgrim fathers
+and mothers brought flower and vegetable seeds to the new land, and the
+earliest entries in old Plymouth records contain mention of "garden
+plotes."[1] John Josselyn, fifty years later, wrote a book called "New
+England Rarities Discovered," including a list of plants originally
+brought from old England, mentioning those suitable or not for this
+climate, and showing that our ancestors had lost no time in planting not
+only vegetables for the benefit of their bodies but flowers as well for
+the cheer of their souls.
+
+The New England States naturally have the largest representation in this
+book, owing to the fact that the climate of numerous Western and
+Southern States causes many of the inhabitants to find summer homes near
+the North Atlantic seaboard. It is not that the New Englander is a more
+ardent gardener, but rather that ardent gardeners from elsewhere are
+tempted by the soil and climate to join the Easterners in creating these
+flower "plotes," which beautify hundreds of hamlets in this section. On
+the coast particularly flowers grow most luxuriantly, even within a few
+hundred yards of the surf, where snug gardens protected by windbreak
+hedges blossom as serenely as in an inland meadow. Not long ago most
+people believed that gardening or gardens near the sea were an
+impossibility; but when they realized the hardiness of certain dense
+shrubs that make perfect hedges and windbreaks, gardens on the shore
+sprang rapidly into existence, and we of the inland are apt to envy
+nature's partiality to seaside flowers.
+
+
+MAINE
+
+At Bar Harbor on the island of Mount Desert, Maine, as in other places
+of this latitude, the season, of course, begins later and ends sooner
+than near New York City. The flowering period is from five to six weeks
+shorter at Bar Harbor. However, the wonderful summer climate somewhat
+atones for this briefer season, and the gardens of Maine can boast of
+unusual luxuriance, in richness of color and size of plants, with but
+little heat or prolonged drought to affect their best development. The
+hardier seeds sown in the open will germinate in mid-May; tender annuals
+in June; the plants of tender annuals go out soon after June 10.
+Daffodils appear about May 15, followed by late Tulips; German Iris
+appears in the week of June 10; Sweet William and Roses in early July;
+Delphinium in mid-July, and Hollyhocks about July 28. Late Phlox is at
+its best by mid-August.
+
+Thus the plants beginning to bloom near New York City in May and early
+June do not, on account of the colder spring, appear at Bar Harbor for
+several weeks to come, when they unite their bloom with the flowers of a
+later period. The slow-coming spring retards earlier bloom, but has less
+effect on that of midsummer. The summer residents owning gardens in
+Maine rarely arrive much before the last of June, and consequently such
+early bloomers as Tulips, etc., are not seen as often as in the milder
+climates. In this northern State frost usually destroys the garden by
+September 15.
+
+Not only is it possible to grow all the favorite flowers along the
+shore, but even on the islands lying off the coast of Maine there are
+innumerable little gardens, such as those at Isleborough, which revel in
+the moist sea climate of midsummer and blossom most satisfactorily until
+frost. At this point it is interesting to contrast the climate of the
+North Atlantic section with the region directly across the continent
+along the Pacific coast, where at Vancouver's Island, for instance,
+plant life enjoys a climate similar to that of England, with a growing
+season quite as prolonged.
+
+There are beautiful gardens at Bar Harbor, on the estates along the
+shore as well as farther inland. Most of them, screened by fine growths
+of trees and shrubbery from view of the highway, are equally well
+protected from sea-winds, blooming luxuriantly in spite of the fact that
+not very long ago the best authorities believed that gardens on this
+shore could never prosper. Two of the most noted at Mount Desert are
+shown in the following pages.
+
+At Kenarden Lodge the garden in the clear atmosphere of this northern
+climate is most beautiful in form and coloring, and its background of
+distant hills combines to intensify the charm of this famous place,
+which is in bloom all summer. The centre beds are filled with annuals in
+prevailing colors of pink, blue, and white, noticeably Snapdragon,
+Ageratum, Sweet Alyssum, pink Geranium, and Begonia. Planted in masses,
+these and other dependable annuals blossom as long as needed. The broad
+green sod paths act as a setting to the delicate hues covering the beds.
+The perennials are banked against the vine-covered walls.
+
+The Blair Eyrie garden on the High Brook Road is equally inviting and
+contains many other attractive features beyond the limits of this
+restricted view. Peacefully retired behind its boundaries of trimmed
+hedge and dense woodland, it must always delight the flower lover.
+Perennials abound with a good supply of enlivening annuals. Its
+surroundings of evergreen trees are in strong contrast to the brilliant
+tones of Phlox, Lilies, Hydrangeas, and Hollyhocks, and this garden as
+seen from an upper terrace is a blaze of lovely color framed in green.
+
+In southern Maine the garden at Hamilton House has no rival in that
+section of New England. The hand of an artist has wrought a perfect
+scheme delightfully in accord with an ideal environment; but pictures
+cannot do it justice. Within the grassy court of the main garden the
+several small open beds are filled with groups of annuals. The rear beds
+contain tall-growing perennials mixed with some annuals. There are weeks
+when the garden is all pink, and again all blue and white. It is
+surrounded on three sides with most artistic pergolas, from one side of
+which the view down the Piscataqua River is a picturesque feature. Stone
+steps on another side lead to an upper garden filled with bloom
+surrounding a quaint and ancient little building kept as a studio. In
+isolation, simplicity, and ripeness the atmosphere of the whole place
+breathes of olden days, and might well be taken as a model for a perfect
+American garden. Its gates may be seen in a later section.
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 1
+"Kenarden Lodge," Mrs. John S. Kennedy, Bar Harbor, Maine]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 2
+"Blair Eyrie," Bar Harbor, Maine
+Garden of the late D. C. Blair, Esq.]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 3
+"Hamilton House," South Berwick, Maine. Mrs. George S. Tyson]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 4
+End of pergola]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 5
+Garden looking east
+"Hamilton House," South Berwick, Maine. Mrs. George S. Tyson]
+
+
+NEW HAMPSHIRE AND VERMONT
+
+Side by side, these twin States have much in common--climate, mountains,
+and old historical associations included. Owing to the short, cool
+summers of this latitude and altitude, there may be less attention given
+to flowers than in other parts of New England. But the few illustrations
+in the following pages are fine evidences of garden art, at least in the
+region of Cornish, the abode of artists, and where gardens are
+plentiful. The season opens about four weeks later than near New York
+City, and in early September frost lays waste the splendid bloom while
+still in its prime. Although flowers are slow in appearing, a perfection
+of growth later makes up for lost time. In fact, climatic conditions are
+so favorable to summer plants that, once started, the garden tasks are
+lighter than in warmer climates, where drought and pests are more
+prevalent.
+
+Possibly the most famous of Cornish gardens is that of Charles A. Platt,
+Esq., whose beautiful gardens in several States are numerous and noted.
+His own hillside place is a labyrinth of flowers, admirably suiting the
+environment, spacious and dignified in its rich simplicity.
+
+Perfectly in accord also with the atmosphere of this mountain country is
+the lovely garden of Stephen Parrish, Esq., delightfully unique and
+suggesting a little English garden. This enclosure of flowers is but a
+section of a broader plan where pool, grass, and trees are pleasant
+factors.
+
+Mrs. Hyde's garden is a mass of bloom composed chiefly of the
+longest-lived annuals and giving a charming color effect to this
+picturesque spot.
+
+The best gardens of Vermont, with its still greater area of uplands, are
+probably those in and around Manchester and Bennington. They are usually
+of the simplest character, and lovely under the personal care of devoted
+owners. One worthy of special attention is seen in the view of
+Longmeadow garden, which is an example of the great value of trees as a
+background, and a strong argument in their behalf. As a gem needs a
+setting, so the flowers, in even the most modest planting, are doubly
+fair when framed in luxuriant green.
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 6
+Cornish, N. H. Charles A. Platt, Esq.
+_From a photograph by Jessie Tarbox Beals_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 7
+Cornish, N. H. Charles A. Platt, Esq.]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 8
+Cornish, N. H. Mrs. George Rublee
+_From photographs by Jessie Tarbox Beals_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 9
+Cornish, N. H. Stephen Parrish, Esq.
+_From a photograph by Jessie Tarbox Beals_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 10
+Cornish, N. H. Mrs. William H. Hyde
+_From a photograph by Jessie Tarbox Beals_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 11
+Old Bennington, Vt. Mrs. James A. Eddy]
+
+
+MASSACHUSETTS
+
+Probably no other section of the Union contains as many gardens, old and
+new, as does this fertile State, combining the advantages natural to the
+altitude of the beautiful Berkshires with the favorable climate of the
+coast. People representing nearly every State help to form the summer
+colonies of New England, more especially in Massachusetts. Everywhere
+the luxuriance of bloom is very marked and most noticeable on the coast,
+where all plants, especially certain less long-lived annuals like
+Poppies, Salpiglossis, and Mallows, reach their limit of perfection and
+continue at their best for an unusual period. In the latitude of Boston
+the season starts two weeks later than near New York City, and the
+gardens, beginning in the German Iris period, open about the fifth of
+June. The Sweet William and its contemporaries follow by late June; the
+Delphinium period is early July; Hollyhocks come about July 20. Tender
+annuals can be safely planted out soon after June 1.
+
+The garden season in the hill country opens a few days later than at
+Boston, and in the Berkshires the frost is apt to destroy the garden
+before September 20. Where the thermometer may drop occasionally to
+twenty degrees below zero, ample winter covering is necessary, and snow
+adds its still better protection to the plants during most of the winter
+months. The average summer heat is not excessive and, although droughts
+must sometimes be reckoned with, the water supply is generally
+sufficient.
+
+It would be a serious matter to attempt to name the best gardens in this
+State, for who could judge where such an infinite variety exists? At
+least some of the best examples in photography can be given, although
+each view but hints at the fuller beauty to be found in the garden
+itself.
+
+Of the many wonderful gardens in Massachusetts possibly the most
+remarkable of all is Weld, in Brookline, which is known to gardeners far
+and wide. There is nothing in America more extensive and more richly
+planted. The numerous beds are filled with bloom for many weeks, and
+each bed contains a massing of one variety, whether perennials or
+annuals, which, when it has finished flowering, is replaced by something
+of another period. The French features in the garden are prominent and
+the planting may be considered American in some respects--altogether a
+most pleasant combination.
+
+Of a distinctly opposite type but equally delightful is Holm Lea, near
+Brookline, and a score of photographs would be necessary to depict this
+place of flowering shrubs and perennial bloom bordering the winding
+grass paths leading from one lovely spot to another.
+
+An extremely interesting and unusual type in America is the stately
+green garden at Wellesley, at this time without a rival in its
+particular style of planting. Because of its frequent appearance in
+various magazines of the country it is too well known to need further
+description.
+
+Of still another class and very beautiful is one of the most noted
+gardens in the Berkshires planned entirely by the owner of Fairlawn,
+Lenox. It is a series of formal gardens, in coloring and setting most
+perfectly devised. But how useless a photographic description when
+applied to a combination of gardens spread over one or two acres!
+Several pools and many old shade-trees play an important part, and its
+charm is still more enhanced by the wide view of the distant hills
+fitting so perfectly into the garden scheme.
+
+Three fine illustrations of Bellefontaine but feebly suggest the beauty
+of a place made of splendid gardens, pools, and temple, long shaded
+grass walks lined with statuary and other features of Roman art,
+blending with the natural attractions of this estate. Gardens, lawns,
+and ponds have the rich woodlands as background, the hedges and shrubs
+are developed maturely, and everywhere there are charming effects in
+"green life." Most of this work, it is interesting to add, has been
+accomplished under the direction of the owner.
+
+Picturesque indeed are other Lenox gardens, including White Lodge. The
+latter place is noted for its little white garden enclosed in a tall
+green hedge, and the main garden, especially in June and August,
+contains a delicious color scheme. Broad grass steps are another feature
+of the place. Views were not obtainable in time for this volume.
+
+At Fernbrooke is found the garden of an artist and sculptor, a study in
+color and in garden design most artistically planned, but rambling
+enough to prevent a connected view in photography. Golden Italian gourds
+pendent from the pergolas; standard currant bushes bordering a path and
+covered with red berries as late as September; dwarf fruit trees too,
+used decoratively, are among the happy points of interest.
+
+The scheme of the garden of a famous sculptor at Chesterwood, in
+Glendale, is not as dependent on flowers as on the well-considered
+adjustment of garden equipment to the natural beauty of the environment.
+Sunshine mingling with the shadows of the spreading trees plays its part
+by giving life and color in changeful tones to the old stone seat and
+fountain. The vine-covered arch frames a view of the flower-bordered
+path which fades away into a woodland, and these with other sights
+gladsome to lovers of such art have given Chesterwood its place in the
+ranks of beautiful gardens.
+
+At Riverside Farm, overhanging the beautiful Tyringham Valley, and
+possessing possibly the most wonderful of all Berkshire views, is the
+dainty garden shown in the accompanying illustrations. It is the work of
+an artist, and truly a place of delight. The garden nestles to the
+hillside, enclosed in a low stone wall. On one side the sloping hill
+down which winding rough stone steps descend to the garden; on another
+side a rustic pergola and pool; the third side a line of old apple trees
+overhanging the wall; the fourth side contains the simple entrance, and
+beyond the boundaries on all three sides--the wonderful view.
+
+At Naumkeag, Stockbridge, the formal garden full of bloom, which is part
+of a larger plan, has a wide-spread reputation. It is especially noted
+for its battlement-cut hedge, and has as an accessory a splendid
+landscape background, so common to the Berkshires and so desirable to
+the garden beautiful. "Naumkeag" is the Indian name for Salem, meaning
+"Haven of Rest."
+
+Recently completed at Great Barrington, the spacious garden at Brookside
+is the best piece of Italian work in this section. The accompanying
+illustration gives but a faint idea of its size, its flowers, and its
+many other fine points.
+
+The two pictures illustrating the garden at Overloch, Wenham, and at
+Rock Maple Farm, Hamilton, are still other good examples of the variety
+and charm of the flower planting of this coast State. Both of these
+views are unique, and in fact how seldom do we find sameness in gardens!
+
+Mr. Longfellow's place at Cambridge, Doctor Weld's at Brookline, and The
+Witch's Place at Salem are typical of New England--the paths all edged
+with Box, which shrub, on account of frost blights, has never attained
+great height. These gardens are just simple, lovable little places
+filled with shadows and sunshine, some flowers, and the good scent of
+Box, which latter always seems so especially essential to old gardens.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[1] Quoted from "Old Time Gardens," by Alice Morse Earle.
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE II
+"Fairlawn"]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE III
+"Fairlawn," Lenox, Mass. Miss Kneeland
+_From autochrome photographs_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 12
+"Weld," Brookline, Mass. Mrs. Larz Anderson
+_From a photograph by The J. Horace McFarland Co._]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 13
+"Weld," Brookline, Mass. Mrs. Larz Anderson
+_From a photograph by Thomas Marr and Son_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 14
+"Weld," Brookline, Mass. Mrs. Larz Anderson
+_From a photograph by Thomas Marr and Son_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 15
+Wellesley, Mass. H. H. Hunnewell, Esq.
+_From a photograph by Wurts Bros._]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 16
+"Holm Lea," Brookline, Mass. Professor C. S. Sargent
+_From a photograph by The J. Horace McFarland Co._]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 17
+"Fairlawn," Lenox, Mass. Miss Kneeland
+_From a photograph by William Radford_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 18]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 19
+"Fairlawn," Lenox, Mass. Miss Kneeland
+_From photographs by William Radford_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 20
+"Bellefontaine," Lenox, Mass. Giraud Foster, Esq.
+_From a photograph by Jessie Tarbox Beals_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 21
+"Bellefontaine," Lenox, Mass. Giraud Foster, Esq.
+_From a photograph, copyright, by the Detroit Publishing Co._]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 22
+"Bellefontaine," Lenox, Mass. Giraud Foster, Esq.
+_From a photograph by Jessie Tarbox Beals_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 23
+"Overloch," Wenham, Mass. J. A. Burnham, Esq.
+_From a photograph by Miss M. H. Northend_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 24
+"Fernbrooke," Lenox, Mass. Thomas Shields Clark, Esq.
+_From a photograph by Jessie Tarbox Beals_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 25
+"Chesterwood," Glendale, Mass. Daniel Chester French, Esq.
+_From a photograph by Jessie Tarbox Beals_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 26
+"Riverside Farm," Tyringham, Mass. Mrs. Banyer Clarkson]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 27
+"Riverside Farm," Tyringham, Mass. Mrs. Banyer Clarkson
+_From photographs by Jessie Tarbox Beals_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 28
+"Riverside Farm," Tyringham, Mass. Mrs. Banyer Clarkson
+_From a photograph by Jessie Tarbox Beals_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 29
+"Naum Keag," Stockbridge, Mass. Joseph H. Choate, Esq.
+_From a photograph by Jessie Tarbox Beals_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 30
+"Brookside," Great Barrington, Mass. Mrs. H. Hall Walker
+_From a photograph lent by Ferruccio Vitali_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 31
+"Rock Maple Farm," Hamilton, Mass. George von L. Meyer, Esq.
+_From a photograph by Miss M. H. Northend_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 32
+Brookline, Mass. Doctor Stephen Weld
+_From a photograph by The J. Horace McFarland Co._]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 33
+Longfellow's Garden, Cambridge, Mass.
+_From a photograph by The J. Horace McFarland Co._]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 34
+Old Witch House, Salem, Mass.
+_From a photograph by G. A. Spence_]
+
+
+RHODE ISLAND
+
+Limited space permits but a suggestion of the various types of planting
+along the Atlantic coast, which promises to become almost a continuous
+garden by the sea from New Jersey to Maine. Rhode Island contains some
+of the most magnificent places in the country, the majority of them
+situated near bay or sea, where they thrive in congenial environment.
+The quality of the climate as it affects plant life will be easily
+realized after reading of the climatic conditions of Massachusetts as
+well as of those to the south, on Long Island, for instance.
+
+The older gardens are found in the vicinity of Providence, while at
+Narragansett and Newport those of a later period abound. Newport by the
+sea, more famous than any other American summer resort, naturally
+possesses the greatest number of gardens on an elaborate scale. The
+coast at this point is somewhat sheltered, the air is mild, and there is
+sea moisture so beneficial to flowers. Windbreaks of hedges or walls are
+used where the winds blow strong off the water.
+
+Lovely and lovingly planned is the garden at Mariemont, a poetical spot,
+overflowing with color and sunshine, yet with shadowy retreats, and the
+stillness that belongs to an enclosure of grass paths. It might be taken
+for a bit of foreign garden from any part of the world, and possesses a
+quality of beauty of which one could never tire. The long, broad path
+with its brilliant border and distant vista is the central division of
+a charming plan.[2]
+
+Few estates in America are as imposing and as suggestive of the grandeur
+of an Italian or English country-seat as The Elms, and it is probably
+among the oldest of Newport's famous places. The illustration is limited
+to a narrow view of this great, green formal garden in some sections of
+which flowers are included in rich profusion.
+
+Probably no place at Newport is more noted for its beauty than Vernon
+Court, and, while necessity forces the omission of pictures showing many
+of its most elaborate features, a view of the stately formal garden is a
+welcome addition to this collection which aims to present a variety in
+types of planting in a few large formal gardens, as well as in those
+which are smaller and more personal. Vernon Court is not a new garden;
+it is unspoiled by garish accessories, and to the lover of the garden
+majestic it represents a perfect type.
+
+At Warren, near Providence, the place at Villaserra is delightfully
+located, sloping to a bay. Here is one of the favored gardens where old
+trees take an important part; in fact, of such consequence are they that
+the garden was undoubtedly made to the scheme of the trees and the water
+beyond--a beautiful sanctuary of blossoms and green life, shut in from
+the discord of the outside world.
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 35
+"Mariemont," Newport, R. I. Mrs. Thomas J. Emory
+_From a photograph, copyright, by Miss Johnston--Mrs. Hewitt_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 36
+"The Elms," Newport, R. I. Edward J. Berwind, Esq.
+_From a photograph, copyright by Miss Johnston--Mrs. Hewitt_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 37
+"Vernon Court," Newport, R. I. Mrs. Richard Gambrill
+_From a photograph by Alman & Co._]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 38
+"Villaserra," Warren, R. I. Reverend Joseph Hutcheson
+_From a photograph lent by C. A. Platt, Esq._]
+
+
+CONNECTICUT
+
+
+Connecticut gardens are many, both inland and along the shores of the
+Sound. Those of the hilly western section have the advantage of a
+somewhat cooler altitude. Otherwise it is unnecessary to give further
+details as to climatic conditions,[3] as the northern boundary is about
+a hundred miles distant from northern New Jersey and the temperatures
+differ but little, although of course every hundred miles northward
+makes gardening a somewhat simpler proposition, because of slightly
+cooler conditions as well as a shortened flower season.
+
+In a reputed true story of the long-ago settlement of Old Saybrook there
+is mention of a woman's flower-garden, doubtless the earliest on Long
+Island Sound. Here the sheltered inlets and bays must have seemed a
+welcome haven to our Pilgrim fathers from the wind-swept coast of
+Plymouth, whence they had wandered, probably seeking fertile farmland.
+The gardens of this State, with some notable exceptions, are mainly
+those of a simpler type, made and tended by their owners, who living in
+them, will continue to beautify them more and more as time goes on.
+These unpretentious creations of flower lovers often show originality
+not always found in gardens of a more formal design, and might be
+considered typically American.
+
+Following the idea of simplicity, the first two illustrations of this
+chapter portray the "lovesome spot," where flowers predominate, with
+nothing to recall the splendor of other lands. A place for the harboring
+of flowers for the sake of the flowers, and this was surely the thought
+that brooded over the first New England gardens planted in the early
+half of the seventeenth century, when American gardens had their
+beginning.
+
+The glimpse through the arched gateway of the garden at
+Knock-Mae-Cree--in old Irish, Hill of My Heart--(Plate 168), and the
+curtailed view of the flowery planting in the Woodside garden stimulate
+a longing further to penetrate into these lovely sanctums.
+
+The garden at Elmwood is partly illustrated in the accompanying
+picture--it is further gracefully adorned with pergola and pool.
+Liberally designed without being elaborate, it has a charm that is all
+its own.
+
+Of quite another character is the perfect formal garden at Pomfret
+Center, appealing to the garden lover for its surpassing beauty in
+flower bloom, enhanced by the graceful architectural lines of the
+buildings surrounding the enclosure, and giving it the sense of complete
+privacy.
+
+Still another type of garden seen occasionally in America is that at
+Branford House, a magnificent estate at Groton near New London, and one
+of the famous places of that popular summer resort. This stately garden
+suggests some of the foreign gardens familiar to us through travel and
+books.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[2] See also the frontispiece.
+
+[3] These climatic conditions are explained in New Jersey chapter.
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 39
+"Woodside," Hartford, Conn. Walter L. Goodwin, Esq.
+_From a photograph by The J. Horace McFarland Co._]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 40
+"Elmwood," Pomfret, Conn. Vinton Freedley, Esq.
+_From a photograph by Miss E. M. Boult_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 41
+Pomfret Centre, Conn. Mrs. Randolph M. Clark
+_From a photograph by Miss E. M. Boult_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 42
+"Branford House," Groton, Conn. Morton F. Plant, Esq.]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 43
+Pomfret Centre, Conn. Mrs. Randolph M. Clark
+_From a photograph by Miss E. M. Boult_]
+
+
+
+
+IV
+
+NEW YORK
+
+
+There are gardens, old and new, around the many wealthy cities of this
+great State, through the upper section, near Buffalo, Utica, Syracuse,
+Albany, etc., as well as to the south. It must suffice to give a few of
+the most picturesque views obtainable, almost all of which belong to
+places within one hundred miles of New York City.
+
+The garden at Auburn offers a vision of flowers in glorious profusion,
+combined with perfect order, which latter condition is not always easily
+attainable when plants are allowed a certain amount of freedom. The
+location of this garden, in western New York not far from Lake Ontario,
+is in about the latitude of northern Massachusetts--a climate congenial
+to flowers.
+
+A particular type of garden often predominates in some localities on
+account of the conformation of the land; as, for instance, in a
+mountainous section like Tuxedo Park, where the places are scattered
+over hilly woodland country, many of the gardens naturally develop into
+those of terraces, or else, ideal opportunities have created the
+rambling wild garden with winding paths, shaded pools, ferns and
+flowers. A glimpse of one of this kind is to be had in an accompanying
+illustration--an exquisite bit of semi-cultivated wildness that moves
+one to wish to see beyond the picture's limits.
+
+Among its formal gardens, Tuxedo at present has nothing more imposing
+than the one at Woodland. The wall-beds contain perennials in mass
+against the vine-clad background, and the central fountain is framed in
+broad beds of Roses, in bush and standard form. This garden's stately
+effects are enhanced by the richly developed forms of clipped evergreens
+in Boxwood and various Retinosporas, to all of which age, as must ever
+be the case, lends force and dignity.
+
+The Cragswerthe garden, a spacious plan on three connecting terraces,
+charmingly exemplifies the results obtainable by the exercise of good
+taste upon desirable opportunities. Each terrace illustrates, in harmony
+with the whole, a special beauty of its own.
+
+The hill gardens usually have also the advantage of a landscape
+background, as a rule a pleasant feature also in the Mount Kisco region
+of Westchester County, with its numerous hilltop homes. A garden with a
+view possesses a setting all its own; one that can hardly be imitated in
+that particular landscape at least, varying under the changing clouds,
+and therefore never monotonous. Such also is the opportunity in many
+Hudson River places, and only those who have lived in the highlands by
+this most beautiful of American rivers know the charm of the
+mountainsides, with their deep ravines and river vistas.
+
+There is space for but a few of the river gardens in these limited
+pages. The one at Blithewood, Barrytown-on-Hudson, is a charming example
+of a more modern garden, beautifully located and planted especially for
+May, June, and September. A vine-covered brick wall surrounds it on
+three sides, and a terra-cotta balustrade is the boundary on the river
+side. Chinese Junipers, not supposedly very hardy, are, however, the
+well-grown, clipped evergreens in sight. Barrytown is about a hundred
+miles from New York.
+
+Up on the Beacon Mountain the Wodenethe gardens were begun about
+seventy-five years ago, remaining ever since in the same family, and
+always celebrated for their beauty, due doubtless to the devoted and
+skilful care continuously given them. Trees, shrubs, and vines are rich
+in maturity; the impress of Father Time has so kindly marked the place,
+that of the older gardens Wodenethe is probably the finest on the
+Hudson.
+
+Not far away there was once another garden. Possibly there is nothing
+fairer than the dearest memories of childhood--sometimes doubtless
+wonderfully interwoven with the gossamer-like stuff of which air-castles
+are made--and so it is with deep satisfaction that the author can dwell
+upon views of an old garden relying on something more real than
+semi-dreams. To be able to duplicate this happy place for some other
+fortunate children would be a joy indeed, and some day the opportunity
+may be realized while the dream still lives. Nearly three acres of land
+might be required to contain the broad beds bordered with peach, plum,
+pear trees and shrubs, and edged with flowers--the great centre spaces
+filled with vegetables or small fruits. The outer court of this garden,
+on three sides, was formed by two rows of arching apple trees, as shown
+in an accompanying illustration. The fourth side was a lane running
+between an evergreen hedge and a line of Poplar and nut trees. The outer
+walks were broad, the inner intersecting paths were narrower; the tall
+planting in the various beds prevented a view from one path to another,
+and this was half of the garden's fascination to the children who played
+there in the games of make-believe. Always there was something
+unexpected awaiting them around the corner. Blissful the chance to
+become suddenly lost in grape vines, corn, or dense shrubbery when the
+world seemed to consist of just tree-tops, sunlight, flowers, fruits,
+and birds! What a contrast to the life of the average fortune-favored
+child of the present period!
+
+Echo Lawn is another lovely place near the river, as old, too, as
+Wodenethe, extensive in acres, abounding in splendid trees, and full of
+a beauty and charm peculiarly characteristic of the old places on the
+Hudson. The gardens, although of a later-date creation, are admirably
+fitted to the surroundings, and with pools, wall basins, and flower
+planting, hardly discernible in the illustration, are a rich addition to
+the noted river places.
+
+Twenty miles to the west of the Hudson River is Meadowburn Farm--famous
+through its owner, the author of "Hardy Garden" books. Two photographs,
+not hitherto published, must alone represent the acres of bloom on this
+interesting place. In describing it, eight gardens must be considered
+rather than _the_ garden. The Evergreen Garden (shown here), the May
+Flowering Hillside, the Lily and Iris Garden, the Pool Garden, the
+Perennial Garden, the Cedar Walk, the Vegetable Garden, bordered with
+flowers, and the Rose Garden. A rare treat for garden lovers who visit
+there by special arrangement.
+
+At Ridgeland Farm, in Westchester County, the owner has shown that the
+smallest garden possible when fitted to artistic surroundings and filled
+with harmonious bloom can, as a garden and as a picture, satisfy our
+craving for the beautiful quite as completely as a subject on a much
+larger scale. This fair little plot, with its brick paths and gay
+blossoms, continues in bloom for several months, which, in spite of
+narrow beds, is always possible in a well-planned and carefully tended
+garden.
+
+New York includes within its borders the climate of all the New England
+States, and, besides, the atmosphere of its lake shores and the milder
+sea climate of New York City and Long Island. Between the high altitudes
+of the Adirondacks on the north and the sea-level of Long Island on the
+south there is a difference of nearly four weeks in the opening of
+spring. Within a forty-mile radius of New York City and westward in the
+same latitude Daffodils appear about April 15; early Tulips and Phlox
+divaricata the last of April; late Tulips May 10; Lilies-of-the-Valley
+May 15; German Iris May 22 (florentina alba a trifle earlier); and by
+May 25 Lupins, Columbine, Pyrethrum hybrid, and Oriental Poppies, etc.,
+arrive; Roses, Peonies, etc., about June 1; Sweet William, Anchusa, and
+their companions June 5; Campanula medium June 15; Delphinium June 20;
+Hollyhocks July 1 or a few days earlier. At the eastern end of Long
+Island Tulips, Lily-of-the-Valley, Roses, shrubs and tree foliage appear
+about a week later than the same near the city of New York. In our
+extremely variable climate it is impossible to have fixed dates for the
+opening of bloom. It must depend upon whether spring is early or late,
+which sometimes causes a difference of a week or ten days in the
+appearance of the flowers. Lily-of-the-Valley and German Iris seem less
+affected by variable springs than other plants. It is perfectly safe
+near Manhattan Island to plant out tender annuals May 25, and many
+venture it by May 15. Killing frost may be expected between October 1
+and November 1--rarely earlier than October 1.
+
+Forty-five miles north of the city of New York, in such higher altitudes
+as Mount Kisco or Tuxedo Park, the spring opens about a week later.
+Within this radius of the city the summer thermometer occasionally rises
+above seventy-eight degrees, and in winter it may average possibly
+thirty to forty degrees above zero; only a few days know zero weather,
+and rarely does it drop below. At least once a winter there will come a
+period of weather as mild as fifty to sixty degrees, when one almost
+fears the premature appearance of some of the plants. It is on account
+of the thaws as well as the cold that the plants require a moderate
+covering to keep the ground as far as possible frozen hard and
+undisturbed by the sun, as frequent thawing injures the roots.
+
+A garden at the other extreme of the State, in the Adirondack Mountains,
+planted to begin with early Tulips, Phlox divaricata, and others of this
+period, will make its display about June 1. Lilies-of-the-Valley arrive
+soon after June 8; German Iris, Lupin, Pyrethrum, Oriental Poppy about
+June 15; Sweet William and Roses near July 1; Delphinium July 15;
+Hollyhocks July 25. Tender annuals are planted out about June 10, and a
+frost after that date is of rare occurrence. The first killing frost of
+autumn may be expected between the 15th and 20th of September. While the
+thermometer in summer fluctuates between sixty and eighty degrees, it
+often falls in winter to thirty degrees below zero. The hardy plants are
+well protected under the heavy snow covering which is usually the winter
+condition there.
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE IV
+An outer walk
+The author's childhood garden
+_From a photograph, colored by H. Irving Marlatt_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 44
+Auburn, N. Y. Mrs. C. D. MacDougall]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 45
+Auburn, N. Y. Mrs. C. D. MacDougall
+_From photographs by Emil J. Kraemer, by courtesy of Wadley & Smythe_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 46
+Section of a wild garden at Tuxedo Park, N. Y.
+_From a photograph by C. P. Hotaling_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 47
+"Woodland," Tuxedo, N. Y. Henry L. Tilford, Esq.]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 48
+A garden in three terraces
+"Cragswerthe," Tuxedo, N. Y. Mrs. Samuel Spencer
+_From photographs by Jessie Tarbox Beals_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 49
+"Blithewood," Barrytown-on-Hudson, N. Y. Mrs. Andrew C. Zabriskie]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 50
+"Wodenethe," Beacon-on-Hudson, N. Y. Mrs. Winthrop Sargent
+_From a photograph by Jessie Tarbox Beals_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 51
+"Wodenethe," Beacon-on-Hudson, N. Y. Mrs. Winthrop Sargent
+_From a photograph by Jessie Tarbox Beals_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 52
+The centre section]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 53
+The outer boundary
+The author's childhood garden, Newburgh-on-Hudson, N. Y.]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 54
+"Echo Lawn," Newburgh-on-Hudson, N. Y. Thaddeus Beals, Esq.
+_From a photograph by Jessie Tarbox Beals_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 55
+The evergreen garden]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 56
+A path in the perennial garden
+"Meadowburn," Warwick, N. Y. Mrs. Helen Rutherfurd Ely]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 57
+"Ridgeland Farm," Bedford, N. Y. Mrs. Nelson Williams
+_From a photograph by F. Seabury_]
+
+
+LONG ISLAND, NEW YORK
+
+In considering the gardens belonging to the State of New York, its most
+favored garden centre is undoubtedly Long Island. Here soil and climate
+combine to encourage both vegetables and flowers. And on the shores,
+particularly of the south side and eastern end, the most satisfactory
+bloom is obtainable as a rule with less trouble than is expended upon
+the flowers of the interior. Not that Long Island is secure from periods
+of drought and visitations of rose-bugs, but on the whole the plants
+weather the obstacles better here than in other places of this latitude.
+There is a marked softness in the winter climate especially near the
+sea. Possibly nowhere else except in southern California does the Privet
+hedge make as remarkable growth as on the south shore, and near the west
+end there are highly prized specimens of old Box. Southampton, at the
+eastern end, in proportion to population has probably a greater number
+of gardens than any town in the State, almost all of them designed and
+developed by their owners, who have thus delightfully expressed their
+love for flowers.
+
+Most soul-satisfying, unique in many points, and overflowing with bloom
+all summer is Mrs. Wyckoff's garden at Southampton. Within three hundred
+yards of the beach it is truly a seaside garden, but the great Privet
+hedges, fourteen feet high, make perfect windbreaks for the protection
+of its bloom. Connected by arched openings in the Privet there are other
+enclosures for various planting schemes, and noticeable is the rather
+unusual variety of flowers growing in these several lovely gardens. The
+color grouping in the long, broad beds against the tall Privet
+background is as perfect as any planting known. The arbors on either
+side of the garden proper are formed of arches of Dorothy Perkins and
+Cedar trees alternating--the Cedars are bent and strapped at the top to
+produce a curve. The effect is both unusual and delightful.
+
+In the same place but farther from the sea is another famous garden, at
+The Orchard, the estate of James L. Breese, Esq. The garden was started
+about 1905 and is entirely original in design. The artistic sense of the
+owner is responsible for the dexterous touches which beautify the garden
+and pergolas. Neither photography nor word-picture could do justice to
+the exquisite harmony of coloring throughout this wonderful place, where
+bloom is continuous over a long period.
+
+Fashioned in Box-edged parterres after the old-time plan and dear to the
+heart of Americans is such a place as the sunny Box garden at The
+Appletrees, so charmingly portrayed in this chapter. There is a
+sweetness and trimness in its simplicity intermingling with the flowers
+to make it one of the fairest of garden-plots.
+
+We dwell with delight upon the picturesque view of a section of Mrs.
+Curtis's garden which might well have been taken from an English garden,
+so closely does it resemble that type which has been our inspiration
+more especially during the last ten years. In America the walled garden
+is found to be useful near the sea, and not undesirable in the cooler
+northern interior, but by many experts it is not advised in a warm
+climate, where it prevents the free circulation of air within its
+enclosure, from which condition some plants may suffer.
+
+In the near-by hamlet of East Hampton, Mrs. Lorenzo Woodhouse has an
+ingenious scheme of connecting formal gardens that are as remarkable in
+conception as they are exquisite in color harmony. In length the plan is
+considerably greater than the width, and the long vista from end to end
+presents to the artist's eye a lovely picture of flowers, pool, and
+arches.
+
+Near by, on Huntting Lane, the wild garden belonging to R. Cummins,
+Esq., is considered the best piece of work of its kind in the country.
+It is wonderfully composed with natural pools and streams, tea-houses
+and rustic bridges suggestive of the Japanese art, yet lovelier than the
+trim Oriental type of water garden because so delightfully wild and
+overgrown with massive plants, vines, and shrubs, without, however,
+being disorderly in appearance. It is an especially rare treat in early
+July at the season of Japanese Iris.
+
+At the west end of Long Island, near New York, gardens are almost as
+plentiful as those in the region of the Hamptons. For lack of space the
+illustrations of the lovely garden at Manor House, Glen Cove, and the
+picturesque pool at Cedarhurst must alone represent this section. Later
+periods of bloom succeed the Tulips at the Manor House, giving
+continuous color all summer to this charming place. The view of Mr.
+Steele's garden at Westbury is a fine example of an ideal hillside
+planting leading to the flower-beds on a lower level.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Probably the oldest garden in New York State is the one at Sylvester
+Manor, on Shelter Island, between the shores of Long Island and
+Connecticut. This charming little flower-plot is reached by a short
+flight of descending steps. Some of its old Boxwood appears in the
+illustration of the pool which is a part of the garden scheme. The
+original owners of Shelter Island were the Manhasset Indians. "In 1651
+Nathaniel Sylvester came from England with his young bride, and here
+they planted the Box, still one of the wonders of the place, and erected
+the first manor-house with its oak doors and panels and mantels fitted
+in England, and brick tiles brought from Holland. The present house was
+built in 1737 with enough of the woodwork of the old house to maintain
+symmetry in traditions, and stands to-day as it has stood the better
+part of two centuries, filled with its old furniture, paintings, and
+curios. Here is kept the cloth of gold left by Captain Kidd and many
+other things that time and space forbid mentioning." The old homestead
+has always remained in the family in direct descent.
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE V
+At the hour of sunset
+Southampton, L. I. Mrs. Peter B. Wyckoff
+_After an autochrome photograph by Miss Johnston--Mrs. Hewitt_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 58
+Arbor of cedars and roses alternating
+Southampton, L. I. Mrs. Peter B. Wyckoff
+_From a photograph by Jessie Tarbox Beals_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 59
+"The Orchard," Southampton, L. I. James Lawrence Breese, Esq.
+_From a photograph, copyright, by Miss Johnston--Mrs. Hewitt_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 60
+"The Orchard," Southampton, L. I. James Lawrence Breese, Esq.
+_From a photograph, copyright, by Miss Johnston--Mrs. Hewitt_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 61]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 62
+"The Orchard," Southampton, L. I. James Lawrence Breese, Esq.
+_From photographs, copyright, by Miss Johnston--Mrs. Hewitt_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 63
+"The Appletrees," Southampton, L. I. Mrs. Henry E. Coe
+_From a photograph by Jessie Tarbox Beals_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 64
+"The Appletrees," Southampton, L. I. Mrs. Henry E. Coe
+_From a photograph by Jessie Tarbox Beals_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 65
+Southampton, L. I. Mrs. G. Warrington Curtis]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 66
+East Hampton, L. I. Mrs. Lorenzo E. Woodhouse
+_From photographs by Miss Johnston--Mrs. Hewitt_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 67
+East Hampton, L. I. Mrs. Lorenzo E. Woodhouse
+_From a photograph by Miss Johnston--Mrs. Hewitt_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 68
+The wild garden
+_From photographs by Miss Johnston--Mrs. Hewitt_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 69
+The wild garden
+East Hampton, L. I. Stephen Cummins, Esq.]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 70
+"Manor House," Glen Cove, L. I. Mrs. John T. Pratt
+_From a photograph by The J. Horace McFarland Co._]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 71
+Cedarhurst, L. I. Samuel Kopf, Esq.
+_From a photograph, copyright, by Miss Johnston--Mrs. Hewitt_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 72
+Westbury, L. I. Charles Steele, Esq.]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 73
+"Manor House," Glen Cove, L. I.
+_From photographs by The J. Horace McFarland Co._]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 74
+Ancient boxwood
+"Sylvester Manor," Shelter Island
+_From a photograph by David Humphreys_]
+
+
+
+
+V
+
+NEW JERSEY
+
+
+It would take much time and long travel to discover the State possessing
+the greatest number of fine gardens, but there is little risk of
+misstatement in placing New Jersey as fourth or fifth on the list; New
+York, including Long Island, in the lead, then Massachusetts, and
+possibly Pennsylvania or California next. Near the sea the climate is,
+of course, an especial incentive to flower-growing, and along the Jersey
+coast, especially in Monmouth County, there are numerous gardens. Many
+excellent specimens are to be seen at Princeton, Trenton, Short Hills,
+and Morristown, as well as in the country around Bernardsville, in all
+of which places garden clubs are rapidly developing the cult. Only about
+fifty miles separate Trenton, Princeton, and Monmouth Beach, in central
+Jersey, from Morristown, Short Hills, etc., at the north, so that spring
+gardens practically begin in both sections at the same time, with
+possibly not more than three or four days' difference between them.
+While the south Jersey soil does not always encourage gardening, the
+northern half of the State may be considered on the whole quite fertile,
+and the summer temperature is not too hot for flowers. Occasional
+droughts are to be expected, but the water-supply is usually adequate.
+In the northern part of the State the usual date for Crocuses is March
+25; Daffodils, April 15; Lily-of-the-Valley, May 12; late Tulips, May
+10; German Iris, May 22; Oriental Poppy, Columbine, Lupin, and
+Pyrethrum, May 26; Roses, Peonies, Anchusa, and Sweet William, early
+June; Delphiniums, June 20; Hollyhocks, July 1. In fact, the climatic
+condition, as it affects plant life, is very similar throughout the
+region surrounding New York City--not different enough to require
+special attention.
+
+The beautiful garden at Glen Alpine is one of prolonged bloom from May
+22 until frost, and its planting plans are shown in the author's
+"Continuous Bloom in America." Both English and Italian inspiration
+commingle in this beautiful spot. Its setting of old trees on three
+sides, with the upsloping hill to the rear covered with choice blossom
+trees and evergreens, as well as the ancient hedge, furnish a background
+in keeping with the dignity of the place. The pergola is only the
+beginning of an interesting upper shrub and bulb garden with rambling
+paths. Other views are given in plates 86 and 172.
+
+At Cherrycroft, the garden also blooms continuously, and some of its
+plans are likewise given in the book above-mentioned. The pergola and
+tea-house lead out to a maze formed by a tall Arbor-Vitae hedge.
+Adjoining is a Rose garden, more or less continually in bloom, and near
+by a garden for cutting-flowers. The outlook over the formal garden,
+both from house and pergola, is upon a sea of flowers, possibly
+unequalled in its profusion of bloom. The four beds encircling the pool
+are first covered with Pansies and English Daisies, each bed containing
+one large clump of German Iris, edged with Cottage Tulips. For later
+bloom, white Petunias fill two beds, light pink Petunias the other two
+beds. Surrounding the rim of the pool there are Campanula medium,
+alternating with fall-sown Larkspur, the former replaced by Balsam. The
+four large beds opposite the pool-beds are planted in predominating
+tones of yellow, blue, pink, and dark red respectively, with white
+freely intermixed. The beds on the upper level are treated rather
+similarly.
+
+At both Glen Alpine and Cherrycroft nurseries of cold-frames abundantly
+supply the many annuals and perennials required to fill the broad beds.
+The prevailing colors required in both gardens are pink, dark red,
+blues, and yellows. Of the latter, the stronger tones are used only in
+yellow and blue beds. If there is strict adherence to their planting
+schemes the richness of their bloom will continue through future
+seasons. But, alas! how uncertain the fulfilment, when the most
+necessary flowers may disappoint at the eleventh hour, or the gardeners
+fail to abide by the plans, especially concerning the color scheme!
+
+At Ridgewood Hill the planting is for spring and autumn bloom, and its
+three-terraced garden is an excellent piece of work, nestling to the
+hillside with its vista of hills beyond. This lovely nook deserves to
+rank among the best in terraced gardens.
+
+Mrs. Fraser's garden, enclosed within the semicircle of the house and a
+curving Hemlock hedge, is veritably a gem in lovely color-blending. All
+the periods of the garden season are represented here, difficult as it
+is to accomplish continuous bloom in narrow beds. First Pansies and
+early Tulips, followed by the later ones, flood the little court with
+wonderfully tinted tones. Then Lupins, Canterbury Bells, Sweet William,
+Chinese Delphinium and Lilium candidum, followed by Larkspur, Zinnia,
+Snapdragon, Scabiosa, Salpiglossis, Heliotrope, Ageratum, and compact
+Petunias, Gladioli, and September hardy Chrysanthemum. Constant
+ministration to the needs of this garden keeps it in a state of fresh
+bloom and order.
+
+The garden at "Onunda," Madison, attracts many visitors and has long
+been famous for its beauty and order. It is ablaze with color from May
+to October. Annuals in richest massing fill all the small beds, and
+perennials with annuals are closely grouped in the wall beds. The color
+effect is unusual and the adjoining Rose garden is complete with
+choicest bloom.
+
+The planting at Blairsden, near Peapack, is probably the most perfect in
+the State. The accompanying pictures give a limited idea of its beauty.
+The hill covered with wild shrubs sloping to the lake, the formal
+garden, the water garden and Rose garden, with the long inclined pathway
+seeming to lead out to space immeasurable into the green Garden of
+Everyman, combine with the scenery to make it a place of remarkable
+beauty. The formal garden with vine-covered brick wall is like the
+villa, Italian in design.
+
+The numerous gardens of Short Hills must be represented by one charming
+glimpse of Brooklawn, an idyllic spot embodying the creative sense of a
+poet. Its design is quite unusual in the garden world, and perfect in
+its simplicity. Informal rather than strictly formal, with beds of
+curving lines and grass paths it may be considered the most original
+plan in this collection.
+
+Old Princeton, with its picturesque university, is additionally favored
+in possessing gardens worthy of such associations and equalling the best
+in our country. The one at Drumthwacket is probably more reminiscent of
+English gardens than any other. The broad beds, profuse in glowing yet
+orderly bloom, are especially lovely in June. The garden has the benefit
+of ancient trees as a setting and the richness of its planting combined
+with the white balustrade lends a noble effect, comparing favorably with
+many of those abroad. The beautiful water garden, reached by a winding
+stone stairway, is encircled by willows and forest trees which fill the
+little lake with green reflections.
+
+A winter garden is a luxury so rare that one dwells with keenest
+pleasure upon the view from Thornton--a most perfect specimen of its
+kind. This evergreen planting is the central scheme of an elaborate plan
+and divides the perennial and Rose garden on one side from the "cutting"
+garden on the other. The best of the evergreens in clipped forms,
+Barberry with its bright winter berries, Laurel, and Rhododendron
+foliage unite to enliven the winter scene in this pleasant space, when
+outside all is gray and lifeless.
+
+Mrs. Seabrook's garden belongs to still another distinctly different
+class, illustrating a planting which appeals strongly to the many
+Americans who ardently admire simplicity in outdoor art. Here we find a
+sweet place in which to live in idle hours, with favorite flowers
+well-kept, a pool, and shaded retreats from summer sun.
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE VI
+"Glen Alpine," Morristown, N. J. Mrs. Charles W. McAlpin
+_From a photograph, colored by Mrs. Herbert A. Raynes_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 75
+"Cherrycroft," Morristown, N. J. Dudley Olcott, Esq.
+_From an autochrome photograph by Parker Brothers_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 76
+A three-terraced garden
+"Ridgewood Hill," Morristown, N. J. Mrs. Frederic H. Humphreys
+_From a photograph by Parker Brothers_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 77
+Morristown, N. J. Mrs. George C. Fraser
+_From a photograph by Parker Brothers_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 78
+"Blairsden," Peapack, N. J. C. Ledyard Blair, Esq.
+_Reproduced by courtesy of Doubleday, Page & Co._]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 79
+"Blairsden," Peapack, N. J. C. Ledyard Blair, Esq.
+_Reproduced by courtesy of Doubleday, Page & Co._]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 80
+"Blairsden," Peapack, N. J. C. Ledyard Blair, Esq.
+_Reproduced by courtesy of Doubleday, Page & Co._]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 81
+"Brooklawn," Short Hills, N. J. Mrs. Edward B. Renwick
+_From a photograph by Jessie Tarbox Beals_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 82
+"Drumthwacket," Princeton, N. J. Mrs. Moses Taylor Pyne
+_From a photograph, copyright, by Miss Johnston--Mrs. Hewitt_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 83
+"Drumthwacket," Princeton, N. J. Mrs. Moses Taylor Pyne
+_From a photograph, copyright, by Miss Johnston--Mrs. Hewitt_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 84
+"Drumthwacket," Princeton, N. J. Mrs. Moses Taylor Pyne
+_From a photograph, copyright, by Miss Johnston--Mrs. Hewitt_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 85
+"Onunda," Madison, N. J. Mrs. D. Willis James
+_From a photograph by Parker Brothers_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 86
+"Glen Alpine," Morristown, N. J. Mrs. Charles W. McAlpin
+_From a photograph by Parker Brothers_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 87
+"Thornton," Rumson, N. J. Mrs. J. Horace Harding
+_From a photograph by Alman & Co._]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 88
+Highland, N. J. Mrs. H. H. Seabrook
+_From a photograph by Jessie Tarbox Beals_]
+
+
+
+
+VI
+
+PENNSYLVANIA
+
+
+The most zealous advocate of gardening in the early days was William
+Penn, the original proprietor of the State, who persistently urged his
+Quaker followers to plant gardens around the homesteads. With numerous
+old ones and an ever-increasing number of new gardens the State stands
+among the foremost as a garden centre. In olden times the Quaker ideas
+against extravagant appearances resulted in the making of simpler places
+than those built by the people who settled in the Southern States; but
+these modest Pennsylvania gardens did not suffer the ravages of war, and
+many of them have lived serenely through the years.
+
+Andalusia came into the possession of the family of its present owners
+in 1795, and a village has gradually grown around the place. The garden
+is about one hundred years in age, and has been long noted for its trees
+and hedges, its fruits and old-fashioned flowers. The simplicity of its
+plan, so characteristic of the early gardens, detracts nothing from its
+charm, but rather is it filled with picturesque features that are truly
+American.
+
+At Fancy Field the formal garden is made somewhat on the plan of a type
+of small English garden that is becoming familiar to us through the
+English prints. This formal view is but one of a group or series of
+lovely enclosed and connecting gardens, all seemingly bound together by
+a long pergola bordering their rear;--a most pleasing study, as is also
+the garden at Edgecombe, with its old Box and perennials, shut in
+peacefully from the outer world and suggesting the type so dear to the
+heart of the lady of the olden time.
+
+Krisheim was the name given by some early German settlers in 1687 to a
+locality where is now a famous garden. This beautiful enclosure, in its
+spring garb, so unique in style, and with an adjoining flower garden,
+has its place among the best of the many that adorn the State.
+
+The garden at Willow Bank is a charming home of flowers, and its
+attraction is enhanced by the spacious green court surrounding it,
+giving double privacy to the flowery sanctum within.
+
+Typical of some of the splendid newer gardens of the State is the one at
+Timberline, rich in its background of old trees, gracefully designed and
+planted. It is one of the best productions of a celebrated architect.
+
+The Ballygarth garden, a section of which is shown in this chapter, is
+beautifully situated on one of the oldest estates near Philadelphia, and
+is of the kind so evidently the creation of a garden lover.
+
+Near Philadelphia the climate is slightly warmer than in north New
+Jersey, to which spring bloom comes at least a week later. In this
+vicinity German Iris appears about May 15, Sweet William, May 28, and
+Delphiniums, June 10, Hollyhocks, June 18. The time of the first frost
+is as variable as it is elsewhere. Pansies are usually wintered in the
+open, with a certain amount of covering. Tender annuals are set out
+about May 10. The soil is mostly fertile enough for good results in the
+garden. The best-known gardens lie chiefly in the neighborhood of
+Philadelphia.
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 89
+"Allgates," Haverford, Pa. Horatio G. Lloyd, Esq.
+_From a photograph by Jessie Tarbox Beals_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 90
+Andalusia, Pa. Mrs. Charles Biddle]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 91
+Andalusia, Pa. Mrs. Charles Biddle
+_From a photograph by C. R. Pancoast_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 92
+"Edgecombe," Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. Mrs. J. Willis Martin]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 93
+"Krisheim," Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. Dr. George Woodward
+_From a photograph by J. W. Kennedy_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 94
+The outer court]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 95
+The inner garden
+"Willow Bank," Bryn Mawr, Pa. Mrs. Joseph C. Bright
+_From photographs by Jessie Tarbox Beals_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 96
+"Fancy Field," Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. Mrs. George Willing,
+Jr.]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 97
+"Timberline," Bryn Mawr, Pa. W. Hinckle Smith, Esq.
+_From a photograph by Julian A. Buckly_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 98
+"Ballygarth," Chestnut Hill, Philadelphia, Pa. Mrs. B. Franklin
+Pepper]
+
+
+
+
+VII
+
+MARYLAND
+
+
+Flower gardens adorn many of the places in Maryland, most of them of the
+old-fashioned kind so characteristic of the Southern States, and others
+of a more recent date. The latter, though less elaborate than those of
+New England, are quite as attractive in the studied simplicity of their
+design.
+
+Conspicuous often are the Ivy-edged paths sometimes replacing the low
+Box border, and the great growths of Box and rare shrubs, once imported
+luxuries from old England, speak the prosperity of early days.
+
+In the low country of the interior the midsummer climate is humid and
+hot enough to discourage the flowers of this season, but when certain
+annuals are kept sufficiently moist and mulched they may pass unscathed
+through the trying season and join the few fall perennials for several
+weeks of bloom.
+
+Winter protection is not a matter of importance and Pansies need but an
+ordinary covering of leaves. An extreme of cold, which is rare, might
+bring disaster to the leaf-covered Canterbury Bell in the open, but this
+is one of the gambles in garden life.
+
+In Maryland, as generally elsewhere in this section, spring and June
+gardens prevail. The Crocus season opens in early March; Daffodils
+follow a little later; late Tulips and German Iris come near May 1;
+Sweet William and Peonies about May 20; and soon after the Delphiniums
+and Hollyhocks appear. Spring work begins three weeks earlier than in
+the latitude of Long Island, and frost may finish the persistent
+Marigold near November 1; but, as elsewhere, by that time green life has
+had its day, vitality has been spent, and nothing satisfactory can be
+expected of any but the hardy late Chrysanthemum.
+
+There is another region of this State to be separately accounted for
+that has been more or less overlooked, and where the climate is more
+inviting to summer gardening. From near Snow Hill, on the narrow
+peninsula south of Delaware, a resident writes in part: "As to this
+eastern shore, its flowers, climate, etc., too much cannot be said in
+its praise. The wonder is that this section has been overlooked by
+wealthy people seeking homes. With proper planting one can have flowers
+in the garden ten months of the year. During the winter Holly and other
+choice evergreens give plenty of color for the lawns." The distance
+across between the Chesapeake Bay and the sea is about thirty-five
+miles. Near the shore the place has a climate of its own, and summer
+gardens need not wilt as they do inland, providing they can at times be
+moderately sprinkled. Usually the summer climate is pleasant with an
+evening sea-breeze in hot weather; sometimes a prolonged dry spell
+causes many things to suffer, but as a rule all sorts of flowering
+plants succeed--Roses, China Asters, and bulbous plants especially grow
+to perfection.
+
+The illustrations representing Maryland are gathered from the vicinity
+of Baltimore, the particular garden region of the State. Hampton is the
+oldest of them all, being an entailed estate and one of two old
+manor-houses in Maryland still extant. A severe cold snap a few winters
+past did great damage to the Box, which in consequence had to be cut
+back, but time, it is hoped, may restore its original form and beauty.
+The spring view of one of Hampton's gardens was taken recently prior to
+the period of fullest bloom. This charming Box-edged parterre, with its
+fine surroundings and associations, is possibly the best-known in the
+South.
+
+Evergreen-on-Avenue is delightfully located on the outskirts of
+Baltimore, where many old country-seats abound. The lower garden only is
+discernible in the illustration, showing the dignity and charm of an
+evergreen garden, relieved by a massing of color in narrow beds which
+form a setting to the clipped Box and other shrubs. The upper garden is
+full of bloom and kept chiefly as a place for cutting-flowers. Some of
+the paths on this estate are edged with broad bands of Ivy.
+
+The wild garden at Roland Park is a work of art too intricately devised
+to be treated satisfactorily by picture or pen. The eye can only absorb
+and memory retain it, but description will ever fail to present it. At
+every turn there is a delightful surprise, at every season it is lovely;
+even January finds it so dressed in evergreen that winter seems far
+away. A few years ago the hillside was a wooded and abandoned
+stone-quarry until purchased for the purpose of creating a place of
+beauty out of chaos. An inspired imagination only could have wrought
+this miracle.
+
+The old Indian name for the Cylburn plantation was Cool Waters; it
+covers two hundred acres, about five miles beyond Baltimore. Cylburn
+House is of stone with broad verandas, and stands majestically on a high
+plateau, surrounded by gardens, shrubbery, and an extensive lawn, which
+is fringed by a beautiful primeval forest that stretches away on three
+sides to the valley below. The garden is one of the old-fashioned
+rambling kind, made lovely with a combination of tall shrubs and flowers
+and occasional trees.
+
+The fair little glimpse of a section of the garden at Ingleside breathes
+of spring perfume and color, with that indescribable sense of peace
+pervading especially a little enclosed garden where good taste and
+harmony prevail. So great is the impression of seclusion produced by the
+attractive picture that the farmer's cottage in the near background
+seems almost disconnected from this inviting spot. The four white
+standard Wistarias are remarkable enough to demand special attention.
+The beds are early filled with the Tulips of both periods, blooming in
+company with the Wistaria. Annuals follow, and the place is kept in
+long bloom under the careful supervision of the owner.
+
+At The Blind, Havre de Grace, on the Chesapeake, is a charming and
+typically Southern garden with ancient Box hedges for a background, and
+filled with the bloom of many old-fashioned hardy plants and shrubs. The
+property of two hundred acres is partly under cultivation and partly
+covered with Holly and ancient trees. Around the gray stone mansion in
+springtime the place is like a fairy-land, with hundreds of blossoming
+shrubs and fruit trees. Originally the land belonged to the Stumpp
+family, who acquired it by grant from one of the early English
+governors. It is now in the possession of a New Yorker, who keeps it as
+a shooting-preserve and stock-farm.
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE VII
+A rock garden]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE VIII
+A rock garden
+Roland Park, Baltimore, Md. Mrs. Edward Bouton
+_After autochrome photographs_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 99
+"Hampton," Towson, Md. Mrs. John Ridgely
+_From a photograph by Laurence H. Fowler_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 100
+"Evergreen-on-Avenue," Baltimore, Md. Mrs. T. Harrison Garrett
+_From a photograph by Christhill Studio_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 101
+"Cylburn House," Cylburn, Baltimore Co., Md. Mrs. Bruce Cotten
+_From a photograph by Art View Co._]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 102
+"Ingleside," Catonsville, Md. Mrs. A. C. Ritchie]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 103
+"The Blind," Havre de Grace, Md. James Lawrence Breese, Esq.]
+
+
+
+
+VIII
+
+VIRGINIA
+
+
+Virginia was the first of the States to adopt a luxurious mode of
+living. Its early men and women, so recently English, were not many of
+them of the strictly Puritan type, but rather the ease and pleasure
+loving class, and shortly their fertile plantations, developed by
+countless slaves, yielded rich results, and Virginia, followed soon by
+the neighboring States, became famous for homes and gardens on an
+extensive scale.
+
+One of the earliest and best of these estates was Mount Vernon, so well
+preserved and yet so familiar as not to need an introduction or even a
+space in this book. Brandon, Westover, Shirley, Berkeley, Castle Hill,
+and others on the River James, as well as some of the splendid places in
+the "hill country," have been renovated in recent years and should be
+considered among the treasures of America.
+
+Mr. William du Pont is the fortunate present owner of Montpelier, the
+home of President Madison, in Orange County, and situated between
+Charlottesville and Richmond. This splendid garden was planned by Mr.
+Madison soon after 1794. To quote Mr. Capen:[4] "On the plan of our
+House of Representatives, it is made in a series of horseshoe terraces
+leading down to a flat rectangular stretch of ground. The walk from the
+entrance to the garden passes first under a charming rustic arbor, and
+then through a dense Box hedge in which some of the bushes have grown so
+high that their branches form an arch overhead ... and when one emerges
+from the arch of Box he finds spread before him in panorama the entire
+garden ... the Box-edged aisle down its centre and every bed in
+flower.... It must have been a rare garden, for trees and shrubs sent to
+Mr. Madison by admirers from all over the world were jealously guarded
+and nurtured."
+
+At Rose Hill the terraced garden, with its distant view of hills and
+valley, is among the best-known places of this section. Here the
+flowers, most carefully tended, bloom considerably during the period
+from April to October, which is unusually prolonged for a Southern
+garden. Flowering plants and clipped evergreens border the broad, grassy
+terraces and an air of simple stateliness pervades this charming
+Virginia garden.
+
+Delightful indeed is the spacious formal garden at Meadowbrook Manor, on
+the James River. So cleverly arranged is the combination of trees and
+flowers that the latter do not suffer from near association with the
+trees--many of which are evergreens combining with the Box border to
+gladden the winter garden with summer green, and giving the livable,
+homey sense to this lovely enclosure in summer-time. In the old days
+the property was known as Sequin and belonged to relatives of Sir Thomas
+Gates of the same name. Upon this land in 1619 were operated the first
+iron-works in the country.
+
+Characteristic of the gardens of the older period is the lovely view of
+the garden on the Valentine place overgrown and ripe as only a garden
+can be that has lived through the years; unpretentious, yet richer in
+that mellowed growth than the most costly planting of modern date.
+
+In Virginia, mountains cover a part of the State, and the temperature
+necessarily varies according to locality. The climate, at least of
+Albemarle County, brings out the Crocuses in February or early March;
+winter Jessamine in early February, sometimes January; Daffodils in
+mid-March; Lily-of-the-Valley and Cottage Tulip early in April; German
+Iris in mid-April. Roses and Sweet William appear in early May;
+Delphinium in late May; Hollyhocks in early June; Phlox, July 1. And
+thus before midsummer's heat many of the best hardy perennials have come
+and gone. While summer bloom in the highlands is not necessarily
+destroyed by hot weather, unless unusual drought occurs, yet the autumn
+garden is apt to be a more refreshing sight with its fresh crop of
+Roses, the late Chrysanthemum, Cosmos, and indefatigable Zinnia. Of
+course to the south, and where altitude is lacking, the somewhat higher
+temperature will more or less alter these garden dates.
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[4] "Country Homes of Famous Americans."
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 104
+Ancient boxwood
+Montpelier, Va. Mrs. William du Pont
+_Reproduced by permission of Doubleday, Page & Co. From "Country Homes
+of Famous Americans"--Oliver B. Capen_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 105
+Montpelier, Va. Mrs. William du Pont
+_Reproduced by permission of Doubleday, Page & Co. From "Country Homes
+of Famous Americans"--Oliver B. Capen_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 106
+Montpelier, Va. Mrs. William du Pont]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 107
+Montpelier, Va. Mrs. William du Pont]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 108
+"Rose Hill"]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 109
+"Rose Hill," Greenwood, Va. Mrs. W. R. Massie]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 110
+"Meadowbrook Manor," Drewry's Bluff, Va. Mrs. Thomas F. Jeffress]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 111
+Richmond, Va. Garden of Mann S. Valentine, Esq.
+_From a photograph by Jessie Tarbox Beals_]
+
+
+
+
+IX
+
+SOUTH CAROLINA
+
+
+There are few new gardens in South Carolina, but an untold number of old
+ones deserving to be revived. Around Charleston, especially, old-time
+mansions, quaint walls, and gateways abound that are an inspiration to
+lovers of graceful antiquities. To restore an abandoned garden must be
+indeed a joy to one with enough imagination to recreate flower places
+fitted to the surroundings.
+
+The illustrations in this chapter give some idea of the richness of the
+early gardens laid out by the wealthy owners of many generations past.
+Magnolia-on-the-Ashley, considered by some as one of the world's most
+beautiful sights, especially in springtime, is the most famous place in
+the State. It is owned by Colonel Drayton Hastie, who inherited it from
+his grandfather, the Reverend Mr. Drayton, an Episcopalian minister, in
+whose family it had remained since the latter part of the seventeenth
+century. In the days of the Reverend Mr. Drayton it was discovered that
+the garden had been laid out over land containing extremely valuable
+phosphate deposits, but neither he nor his descendants would have the
+place disturbed for the sake of an increased fortune, and the garden
+continues as it was, the delight in early spring of visitors from all
+over the world. To quote one who resides near by: "The garden first came
+into notice about a hundred years ago. In spite of all the cultivation,
+it still suggests the heart of the forest, with the old Oak and gray
+moss and wild flowers mingling with Cherokee Roses, Jessamine, etc.
+These Magnolia gardens are not only wonderfully beautiful, but, I
+believe, quite unique. The great show is not Magnolias, or even the
+Camellias, although they are lovely--but the Azaleas, which grow in such
+profusion and variety of shades that one loses all sense of individual
+plant and flowers and perceives only glowing, gleaming masses of color
+veiled by festoons of gray moss, giving one a delicious feeling of
+unreality, almost enchantment. In Owen Wister's 'Lady Baltimore' there
+is a beautiful description of Magnolia. The coloring on the post-cards
+is not in the least exaggerated." Live Oaks over two centuries old
+draped with gray moss suspended from the branches! This wonderful growth
+is not an uncommon sight in the Southern States.
+
+Columbia, the capital, has the famous Preston garden, and for many
+generations this beautiful property remained in the families of the
+Hamptons and Prestons. By a marriage a century ago the Hampton estate
+came into the possession of the Prestons, and for many years the stately
+garden with its aged Box and shade trees, its choice shrubs and plants,
+has been an object of veneration to garden lovers. A descendant writes:
+"There is no interest of importance attached to the past history of the
+Preston place, except that it has sheltered quite well known persons in
+its day, Henry Clay, Thackeray, and Miss Martineau among others, for its
+owner had acquaintances among prominent people in this country as well
+as abroad, and delighted in showing them hospitality when they happened
+in his neighborhood." After the war it shared the fate of almost all the
+other Southern estates that could no longer be maintained as in former
+years, and finally became a woman's college, and once more receives the
+needed care.
+
+In the low coastal country, including Charleston, spring opens in
+February with Camellias, Daffodils, and bulbs. German Iris appears at
+Charleston soon after March 15, Phlox in June. Delphinium and Hollyhock
+and some others do not thrive in this section. The flowers that are
+carried over for autumn bloom are hardy Chrysanthemum, with Cosmos,
+Salvia, Marigolds, and Zinnias, and a few others able under care to
+resist the summer heat. Frost may come by November 15, but in winter
+thin ice forms only about three times, with the thermometer at
+twenty-five degrees. White Camellias sometimes begin to blossom at
+Christmas time. Such is the climate of this level. In the higher regions
+of the State climatic conditions are somewhat different and the summer
+heat is not as extreme.
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 112
+Azalea, Magnolia, and Camellia bloom
+"Magnolia Garden," Charleston, S. C. Colonel Drayton Hastie
+_From a photograph by The Carolina Arts and Crafts, Inc._]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 113
+Live oaks, with gray moss suspended from branches
+"Magnolia Garden," Charleston, S. C. Colonel Drayton Hastie
+_From a photograph by The Carolina Arts and Crafts, Inc._]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 114
+"Preston Garden," Columbia, S. C.
+_From a photograph by Lyle & Escobar_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 115
+"Preston Garden"]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 116
+"Preston Garden," Columbia, S. C.
+_From photographs by Lyle & Escobar_]
+
+
+
+
+X
+
+GEORGIA AND FLORIDA
+
+
+Summer gardens, on account of the climate, are not attempted in the
+States of the far South; but as popular winter and spring resorts the
+grounds at these seasons about the villas and hotels are adorned with
+Palms, Roses, and other plants adapted to the climate. Charming spring
+gardens in formal designs are found in Georgia, where, because of its
+somewhat cooler climate and better soil, there are a greater number of
+private estates than in Florida. The former State doubtless suffered
+more than any other in the Civil War and, consequently, enforced neglect
+of the old gardens brought ruin to most of them. At present some of the
+finest places in Georgia are delightfully located outside of the larger
+towns, and many gardens, some new and others renewed after a
+half-century of oblivion, adorn the home grounds of those who are so
+fortunate as to reside here at the most favored seasons.
+
+The illustrations of the gardens at Green Court are fair samples of the
+extensive planting in many places. Spring bulbs begin to open in this
+lovely spot by the middle of February, Camellias often come in January,
+German Iris appears the middle of March, Delphiniums in April.
+
+In Georgia the summer heat finishes most of the bloom, and few would
+venture with autumn flowers. "The Roses, however, when well tended, rest
+during summer to bloom gloriously again in October and until the time of
+light frost, which comes in December." The interior of the larger garden
+at Green Court, surrounded with its splendid outer court, is more
+spacious than the glimpse through the gateway would suggest. The charm
+of this enclosure, like Southern hospitality, is a combination of
+bountifulness and grateful simplicity. Green Court deserves to stand as
+a representative garden of its State.
+
+With an almost similar climate the adjoining State of Alabama has its
+gardens also, but, unfortunately, photographs are not now available.
+
+Palms of every description are the characteristic plants of Florida. The
+State is generally flat and open, but in the north the country is more
+wooded, often wild and swampy, with picturesque winding little rivers
+meandering to the coasts.
+
+The conditions in the populous districts of Louisiana and Texas are so
+similar to Florida, where gardens are concerned, that it is unnecessary
+to use further space in describing plant life in these States.
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 117
+The outer court surrounding the main garden
+"Green Court," Augusta, Ga. Mrs. H. P. Crowell]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 118
+A glimpse into the inner garden
+"Green Court," Augusta, Ga. Mrs. H. P. Crowell]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 119
+"Green Court," Augusta, Ga. Mrs. H. P. Crowell
+_From a photograph by A. H. Chaffee_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 120
+Tropical growth, Palm Beach, Fla.
+_From a photograph by Brown Brothers_]
+
+
+
+
+XI
+
+TENNESSEE AND MISSOURI
+
+
+From Tennessee the following description of its garden life is agreeably
+presented: "Here in the South interest in this subject is always
+increasing. We have many old and beautiful gardens full of sentiment.
+The mistress of the place is always head gardener, and in no instance
+does she relinquish her position to another. I am filled with enthusiasm
+in garden matters, and would preach the gospel of the garden to all
+women."
+
+Daffodils appear in February, Lilies-of-the-Valley and Cottage Tulips in
+mid-April, German Iris soon after. The droughts of midsummer may injure
+but not necessarily destroy the flowers. The winter thermometer
+occasionally falls to twenty degrees above zero in the cooler districts,
+and such plants as Snapdragon and Campanula medium are more safely
+wintered in a slat-frame. But winter once over the tender annuals can be
+put out as early as April 25. These conditions apply almost equally to
+the neighboring States of Kentucky and North Carolina, having as well
+their records for old-time gardens.
+
+The planting at Rostrevor speaks delightfully for the many others
+belonging to this section of the South. This garden, filled with Lilies
+and other blossoms, shows that the Southern woman is as truly a flower
+lover as were they who planted the early gardens in the days before the
+war.
+
+What more tantalizing to the garden devotee than the glimpse beyond the
+gates of Longview garden as illustrated in this chapter, and again in a
+later section? Such views as these, so exceedingly artistic in
+themselves, suggest a still more lovely interior, at present withheld
+because adequate photographs are lacking.
+
+In Missouri, as in Kansas and elsewhere in the Middle West, there is
+great variableness of climate from year to year, and never is it an
+ideal district for _summer_ flower gardens. While much attention is
+being given to shrubbery and perennial beds bordering the lawn, there
+are few actual gardens, formal or otherwise. The discouragements of a
+trying summer climate limit the bloom in most of the places to the
+flowers of spring and June. Early flowering plants and bulbs, German
+Iris, Foxglove, Canterbury Bells, Columbine, Peonies, Lilium candidum,
+Roses, and Hollyhocks, give considerable satisfaction. But many other
+perennials are not at all permanent. To quote an experienced amateur
+gardener: "The climate of Kansas City, Missouri, is subject to every
+eccentricity, and at times is very trying. One of my experiences was a
+four or five inch snow-storm on the 3d of May after a month of warm
+spring weather, when German Iris and many other things were in full
+bloom, and Peonies in bud. Everything was mashed down and then it
+froze. Often when Peonies have been in bloom torrential rains have
+nearly ruined them. The greatest trouble with the summer garden is the
+extreme heat and dryness of the air. The earth can be kept moist around
+the plants, but many things wither in the dry air. With the greatest
+care a garden of annuals might be kept looking fairly well through July
+and August, but I am glad to get away from mine early in July."
+
+The climate of these adjoining Middle States is practically the same
+throughout, with possibly even more sunshine than in the eastern States.
+"In May and June there are frequent heavy showers, but rarely all-day
+rains. In the later summer and autumn cloudy days are exceptional. The
+eastern side of Missouri is said to be slightly cooler than the western
+part; Kansas City averages a somewhat higher summer temperature than
+Washington, D. C., which is in the same latitude. Spring bulbs and many
+spring perennials appear three weeks earlier than near New York City."
+The gardens usually look spent by September, but in the cooler sections,
+with an extra amount of summer care, there may be still seen flowers
+sufficient to adorn a garden during some weeks of autumn.
+
+The garden at Hazelwood, near St. Louis, is laid out with curving grass
+paths and broad beds. The bright display begins with Daffodils, and the
+beds retain rich bloom into the middle of June. In September, after good
+care, Marigolds, Zinnias, Snapdragon, Cosmos, hardy Asters,
+Chrysanthemum, and Helenium are the autumn decorations. Frost usually
+finishes everything about October 15. The winter temperature is often
+ten degrees below, and the tender plants, like Foxglove and Pansies, are
+more safely wintered under slat-frames covered with straw, and Larkspurs
+should have a light covering of leaves. Surely the gardens that are
+faithfully tended through such changes and chances of climate as found
+in this section bespeak the highest degree of devoted patience.
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 121
+"Rostrevor," Knoxville, Tenn. Mrs. William C. Ross
+_From a photograph by James E. Thompson_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 122
+Longview, Tenn. Mrs. James E. Caldwell
+_From a photograph by G. C. Dury Co. Reproduced by permission of the
+author of "Your Garden and Mine"_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 123
+"Hazelwood," Kinloch, Mo. Mrs. Samuel W. Fordyce]
+
+
+
+
+XII
+
+ILLINOIS AND INDIANA
+
+
+Illinois, with its claim to countless fine estates, includes a plentiful
+share of gardens, and more especially in the lake region, where
+luxuriant growths of trees tell of congenial soil and climate. As a
+background the great lake stretches like a sea beyond many of the
+beautiful flower-borders, which bloom almost as richly as those near the
+distant ocean.
+
+Unfortunately some of the finest plantings are not illustrated in this
+book, which is limited to gardens of a formal design, and the type
+characteristic of Illinois is mostly informal, as so frequently seen in
+America,--an arrangement which does not lend itself satisfactorily to
+photography. In such a plan the flowers are usually massed in long,
+broad beds bordering the lawn, the front lines are laid in irregular
+curves, with trees and shrubs for the background. Groups of shrubs with
+other beds are sometimes used to break a wide stretch of lawn, and make
+a rambling and delightful sort of garden scheme. But in photography
+detail is lost when the camera is at sufficient distance to include more
+than a small section of such a design. For this reason pictures can
+never do full justice to the flower planting on such notable places as
+those of Albert N. Day, Esq., Lake Forest; Wm. C. Egan, Esq., Egandale,
+Highland Park; George Higginson, Esq., Meadow Farm; and W. G. Hibbard,
+Esq., both at Winnetka, and many others.
+
+The spring display of late Tulips at Highland Park and Lake Forest is
+especially remarkable. Masses of Darwins and Cottage varieties in
+perfect color blending are planted everywhere, in the woods, in
+shrubbery, and in borders.
+
+The illustration of the formal garden at Lake Forest, owned by Harold
+McCormick, Esq., gives a vivid idea of the form and finish of this
+charming place, which must always stand among the best of middle West
+gardens, well favored in the beauty of its surrounding trees and
+generously planted with perennials and shrubs. It has the charm of
+individuality rather uncommon to large gardens, and stands for that
+welcome type which seeks to be itself.
+
+Hardin Hall garden, with the great lake as a background, has recently
+joined the ranks of beautiful American gardens. Every new garden is as a
+jewel added to the crown of its State, and this little gem in planting
+is noted throughout the North Shore. Stepping-stones in the grass lead
+to another green enclosure, designed on a less formal plan,--the whole
+scheme being most artistically conceived.
+
+The climate near the lake is slightly cooler than in other localities,
+spring opening from one to two weeks later than inland. The difference
+in time of spring bloom on this shore and near New York City is only
+about a week. The climate on the lake front is especially variable. The
+country is a flat upland broken with wooded ravines.
+
+Out in central Illinois, in Piatt County, there are fifteen thousand
+acres belonging to a famous estate beyond Monticello. The Farms contains
+delightful gardens on an extensive scale, quite English in design, and
+as far as possible in keeping with the Georgian architecture of the
+house. Juniper Hibernica is freely used over the main garden, enriching
+with its deep evergreen tones the broad expanse of flower-bordered beds.
+The walls are covered with Chinese Wistarias, Japanese Honeysuckle,
+trained peach trees, nectarines, pears, and plums.
+
+Monticello is in the latitude of Philadelphia; the blooming dates almost
+correspond, but frost destroys a trifle earlier. The highest summer
+thermometer rarely reaches one hundred degrees, sometimes dropping in
+winter to twenty-seven degrees below. Tender annuals can usually be
+planted out after May 15. Mulching and watering is necessary to preserve
+the summer bloomers.
+
+Famous in the annals of southern Indiana is the large estate at
+Lexington known as Englishton Park, and for six generations the property
+of the English family.
+
+Problems of insufficient rain, poor soil, and rocky ground have been
+overcome by most scientific measures, and now a pool filled with Lilies
+and bordered with water-loving plants is a feature of a wonderful rock
+garden abundantly and tastefully planted with the perennials most
+suitable for rocks or for moisture. The Rose garden near by and long
+path leading to the house, bordered with beds of perennials, are further
+delightful tributes to the devoted labor of one who has spent much time
+on this, her gladdest task.
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 124
+Lake Forest, Ill. Harold McCormick, Esq.
+_From a photograph by Julian A. Buckly_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 125
+"Hardin Hall," Hubbard's Wood, Ill. Mrs. John H. Hardin]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 126
+"The Farms"]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 127
+"The Farms," Monticello, Ill. Robert Allerton, Esq.]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 128
+The rock garden, "Englishton Park"]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 129
+The rock garden, "Englishton Park," Lexington, Ind. Mrs. W. E.
+English]
+
+
+
+
+XIII
+
+OHIO
+
+
+The difference is slight between the climate of Ohio and other States of
+its latitude in the East and middle West. While there is no mountainous
+region, northern Ohio has the advantage of a great lake as its border.
+On a line with central Connecticut, the temperature of Cleveland is
+similarly favorable to flower growing, and garden enthusiasts are
+increasing. Like most of the Middle States, the country is rather flat
+and the soil fertile as a rule. But, except on the lake shore, the
+gardens suffer more or less from the hot weather and scarcity of
+moisture.
+
+In the northern half of Ohio spring bulbs appear simultaneously with
+those in northern New Jersey, and the later plants follow in the same
+succession. The southern half of Ohio is in the latitude of Maryland and
+its climatic conditions are almost similar. The spring and June gardens
+in the middle West give the best satisfaction. The climate is variable,
+as it is elsewhere throughout the country.
+
+One charming illustration conveys some idea of the garden at Gwinn,
+which is eight miles from Cleveland, and undoubtedly the most notable
+in this State. By early April the spring garden blooms with Hepatica,
+Crocus, Chionodoxa, Scilla, Sundrops, Pansy, English Daisy, Spring
+Beauty, Bloodroot, Trillium, Cypripedium, Violet, Tulip, Hyacinth, and
+Daffodil, followed soon by many later garden favorites. Sufficient water
+is supplied to carry the bloom safely through midsummer and September,
+and year by year the beauty of this garden is increasing with the
+maturing of its trees and shrubbery, and all that tends to complete the
+dignity of so noble a design.
+
+So artistically wrought are all the various features contributing to the
+beauty of the Clifton garden that choice of illustrations is made
+difficult when selection is limited to so few. This fact explains the
+omission of the little flower garden which even though charming must
+give place to the accompanying remarkable views.
+
+Not far from Cleveland Shadyside, on the lake, is another place of
+interest to flower lovers, and here a small formal garden has been
+recently completed in addition to the older water garden. This
+delightful spot is worthy of particular attention not only on account of
+the variety of plants adorning its banks, but for its picturesque
+setting as well.
+
+Indian Hill offers a glimpse of a fair little garden, with no suggestion
+of display; a vine-covered bower surrounded with flowers,--a creation of
+simple loveliness.
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 130
+"Gwinn," Cleveland, Ohio. William G. Mather, Esq.
+_From a photograph by Julian A Buckly_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 131
+A picturesque spot in Mrs. Taft's garden]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 132
+A corner in the pergola
+Clifton, Cincinnati, Ohio. Mrs. Samuel H. Taft]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 133
+The water garden
+Clifton, Cincinnati, Ohio. Mrs. Samuel H. Taft]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 134
+The water garden
+"Shadyside," Painesville, Ohio. Mrs. H. P. Knapp]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 135
+"Indian Hill"]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 136
+"Indian Hill," Mentor, Ohio. Mrs. John E. Newell]
+
+
+
+
+XIV
+
+MICHIGAN AND WISCONSIN
+
+
+Favored indeed are the gardens of these States, which border on the
+Great Lakes, some five hundred and eighty feet above sea-level. The
+country in most parts is fertile and flat, with a climate superior to
+that of New England in summer, and winters equally as cold. To quote our
+well known garden friend, Mrs. Francis King, of Alma, in central
+Michigan: "We have a very fine summer climate, most favorable to
+gardening; no humidity whatsoever, but dry and bracing, and while a
+short summer, a merry one for flowers. We must plan for a late spring,
+and frost is due in early September; but when we have learned these
+things it is very simple to arrange for them. Our rainfall is usually
+sufficient, and we practically never suffer from the heat. Hardy
+Chrysanthemums need a very sheltered position in winter. At Detroit, one
+hundred and fifty miles southeast of Alma, the trees are in spring
+foliage almost ten days earlier, partly owing to the distance southward
+and partly to the warming influence of Lake St. Clair."
+
+The garden at Orchard House, Alma, so vividly described in "The
+Well-Considered Garden," is too familiar to most gardeners to need
+description. Briefly, the planting over the large space is all balanced
+in predominating colors of rose, lavender, white, and palest yellow.
+Gray foliage and white flowers are freely used, and through the entire
+summer there is not one week when the whole garden is not gay with
+flowers from June until frost.
+
+To the northeast of Alma is the lovely garden at Garra-tigh, where
+Daffodils bloom, as in Alma, three weeks later than near the city of New
+York. Bay City is in the latitude of Portland, Maine, and central
+Oregon. This attractive garden shows the effective combination of
+flowers and trees so well arranged that the trees are not detrimental to
+the vigor of the plants, and the sunny garden space is doubly radiant by
+contrast, lying within the trees' encircling shadows. Garra-tigh is the
+Gaelic for House with the Garden.
+
+Near Detroit, at Fairlawn, Grosse Pointe Shores, on Lake St. Clair,
+where the country is flat and fertile, there is another delightful place
+of interest noted for the abundance of flowers covering several acres of
+land. The accompanying photograph was made in early September, when the
+best of the bloom had passed. In June and July the place is a glory with
+Lilies, Columbine, and Delphinium that are counted in hundreds, and
+earlier there are Tulips and Daffodils by the thousands. Behind the
+broad borders that edge the walks vegetables grow in great quantities.
+Early Tulips come the first week of May, late Tulips about May 20.
+Climate and soil combine to simplify the gardening tasks in this
+productive country.
+
+The House in the Woods, on Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, has a beautiful
+garden so well planned that it seems like an outdoor room to this
+charming villa. The planting scheme is moderate, easily maintained, and
+yet with beds broad enough to include without difficulty the plants for
+a long, continuous bloom. Opposite the house the picturesque studio,
+standing out against the wooded background, borders the garden on this
+side so that it lies within an enclosed court.
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 137
+"Orchard House," Alma, Mich. Mrs. Francis King]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 138
+"Garra-tigh," Bay City, Mich. Mrs. William L. Clements]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 139
+"Fairlawn," Grosse Pointe Shores, Mich. Mrs. Benjamin S. Warren]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 140
+Studio from main house]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 141
+Court from studio terrace
+"House-in-the-Woods," Lake Geneva, Wis. Frederic Clay Bartlett, Esq.]
+
+
+
+
+XV
+
+NEW MEXICO
+
+
+The mountainous States of the West, from Montana to New Mexico, from
+Colorado almost to the Pacific, have a climate of their own, varying
+naturally according to latitude. A resident of Las Cruces, New Mexico,
+writes: "The first killing frost is usually to be expected from the 7th
+to the 25th of October, very often it is much later, and we have had
+tomatoes till December with the slightest possible protection. Many
+flowers in a sheltered position bloom in winter, such as Calendula,
+Violets, Wallflowers, and Pansies. The highest ordinary summer
+thermometer is ninety-two to ninety-eight degrees. The lowest usually in
+winter is fifteen degrees--occasionally it has gone down to fifteen or
+twenty degrees below zero, but that is most exceptional. The climate is
+extremely dry. Most of New Mexico is at a high altitude--we are about
+three thousand eight hundred feet above sea-level here.
+
+"As some plants blossom through the winter, it is hard to say when the
+garden begins to bloom. But about the middle of March we have Crocuses,
+followed the 1st of April by Jonquils, Narcissus, Tulips, and other
+bulbs, also German Iris, Lilac, Periwinkles, Cornflower, Mignonette. In
+the mountains near-by the California Poppies bloom at the same time.
+Then about mid-April come Tea Roses--and at the end of April or soon
+after the Peonies and Sweet Peas. The 1st of May or a little later
+Honeysuckles, Phlox, Snapdragon, Zinnias, and annual Larkspurs appear.
+Almost everything that is not extremely tender can be wintered in open
+ground without protection. Tender annuals should be planted out about
+the end of March. I transplanted some things last year the end of April,
+and the noonday sun was too much for them, though I shaded them for some
+time. We plant seeds of Pansies, Asters, Sweet Peas, etc., in the fall
+for best results."
+
+The garden at Mr. Barker's mountain home is delightfully fitted to its
+surroundings, where nature is supreme and all else studied simplicity.
+Flowers revel in their freedom without the restriction of conventional
+beds. Flowers, nature, and the simple life of the Southern hills is the
+message from this distant home.
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 142
+Las Cruces, N. M. Percy W. Barker, Esq.]
+
+
+
+
+XVI
+
+CALIFORNIA
+
+
+The garden section of this State extends the length of its coast, and
+possibly fifty miles inland, and much is conveyed in a few words when it
+is described as one garden throughout this whole region. In the hill
+country mountains are admirable settings to tropical gardens, and from
+there to the sandy shores a delectable climate with prevailing westerly
+sea-winds encourages phenomenal growth of the choicest plants.
+
+Southern California is particularly blessed with a clear, dry, and balmy
+climate. Quoting an authority in Santa Barbara: "There is practically no
+frost in southern California; in the north there is some. There are
+flowers in our gardens at all times of the year. Tulips bloom in
+February and March; Daffodils, German Iris, and other hardies from
+February to May; also Lilies-of-the-Valley, which latter are more scarce
+on account of the dryness of the atmosphere. From March till autumn
+there is bloom from Sweet William, Phlox, and many others of their kind,
+while Geranium, the common Marguerite, and Heliotrope grow all the year
+around and become large bushes. Roses cover the tops of some villas;
+Cosmos, California Poppy, Zinnia, Nasturtium, and Stock are among the
+favorite annuals; and all, whether hardy or tender, may be planted out
+in March when the winter rains are over. Some of the favorite exotic
+shrubs used for their bloom are the Acacias, Genista, etc., Solanums,
+and Choisia Ternata." Quite common are the great Poinsetta plants and
+the soft, trailing Bougainvillea, with its exquisite red matching in
+tone the color of our autumn leaves. Boxwood is little used in this
+climate. Toward San Francisco and northward it is found in greater
+quantity. To the south it is replaced by Myrtus communis nanus, Myrtus
+microphylla, Veronica Andersonii for low hedges; Monterey Cypress,
+Eugenia myrtifolia, different species of Ligustrum (Privet), which are
+all evergreen here, Duranta Plumerii, and others.
+
+The highest temperature in Santa Barbara for a few days in fall is about
+eighty-six degrees Fahrenheit and the lowest in winter is forty degrees
+for a few days. The summers are very cool. The climate of Santa Barbara
+is quite similar to Sorrento, Italy, only better. The farther north on
+the coast the more rain. In Santa Barbara there is sunshine continually,
+except for the brief period of rain in winter. The warmest months are
+August, September, and October. From May to August there are fogs at
+night along the coast which keep the temperature down during the day.
+
+In this paradise of sunshine and flowers are found a bewildering number
+of wonderful subjects for photography, some of which must give an idea
+of the favored vegetation of California.
+
+At Kimberly Crest, as in the other views, most conspicuous is the
+brilliant clearness of the atmosphere. This beautiful country-seat is a
+sample of many which are built more or less on a similar plan, and
+especially noted for their profusion of choicest shrubs, trees, and
+flowering plants.
+
+At Glendessary is found one of California's favorite gardens, where the
+strong sunshine is moderated by the plentiful use of trees so carefully
+arranged that the shadows do not disturb the growths of flowers, which
+bloom abundantly throughout this lovely place.
+
+The flower garden at Piranhurst, named for Saint Piran, an Irish saint,
+is exceedingly picturesque. The wonderful Greek Theatre, with its wings
+of tall, clipped Cypress, is without a rival in this country. The design
+was modelled after one at the Villa Gori, in Italy. This remarkable
+planting, together with the Roses and other flora in the adjoining
+garden, combine to make it one of the most famous places on the coast.
+The owner of Piranhurst is also possessor of the garden at Ross, partly
+shown in the view of a fountain, with its hill background covered with
+massively grouped Hydrangeas and Rose vines.
+
+Perfectly complete in every detail is the lovely pool in Doctor
+Schiffman's garden. It seems more a product of the Old World across the
+sea, while fitting so happily into the tropical atmosphere of Pasadena.
+
+The marvellous growth of Banksia and Cherokee Roses, the field of
+Marguerites, and the background of snow-peaked mountains, all so
+characteristic of California, belong to Canon Crest Park, an estate well
+known to many travellers. Wonderful, too, are the Palms that overarch
+the driveway, and beautiful the gardens and panorama beyond.
+
+The Cactus planting of a San Diego garden is an interesting study in the
+horticulture of California--this most favored State of the great Union.
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 143
+"Kimberly Crest"]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 144
+"Kimberly Crest," Redlands, Cal. Mrs. J. A. Kimberly]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 145
+"Glendessary," Santa Barbara, Cal. Mrs. R. C. Rogers
+_From a photograph by Brock-Higgins_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 146
+The Greek Theatre--the stage]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 147
+The Greek Theatre--the boxes
+"Piranhurst," Santa Barbara, Cal. Mrs. Henry Bothin]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 148
+"Piranhurst," Santa Barbara, Cal. Mrs. Henry Bothin]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 149
+Ross, Cal. Mrs. Henry Bothin]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 150
+Pasadena, Cal. Rev. Mr. Schiffman
+_From a photograph, copyright, by Detroit Publishing Co._]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 151
+"Canon Crest Park"]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 152
+"Canon Crest Park," Redlands, Cal. Mrs. Daniel Smiley]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 153
+"Canon Crest Park"]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 154
+"Canon Crest Park," Redlands, Cal. Mrs. Daniel Smiley]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 155
+A Cactus garden, Riverside, Cal.
+Typical growth in California
+_From a photograph by Brown Brothers_]
+
+
+
+
+XVII
+
+OREGON AND WASHINGTON
+
+
+In this coast region of the Northwest, shrubs, trees, and vines develop
+rapidly and give sooner to the garden the appearance of completeness
+than is the case in the drier climates. An authority from Portland says:
+"The growing season is long, lasting from March 1 to November 1, and in
+the places where lawns are well kept they are green throughout the
+entire winter. At this period, however, the grass does not grow enough
+to require clipping. Several shrubs, such as the Laurestinus, remain in
+foliage throughout the entire winter. Usually a few belated Roses are
+found on the bushes as late as Christmas, not the perfect blooms of
+summer, by any means, but sufficiently good-looking to adorn a vase in
+the drawing-room. The freezing weather would ordinarily come in January
+and be very limited in duration." In February the spring bulbs,
+Daffodils and Forsythia, appear.
+
+At Tacoma and throughout the coast section of Washington the climate
+differs but slightly from that of Portland, Oregon, the latter having
+probably less rain and mist, but the whole coast is ideal for flowers.
+The summer is the dryest season, when gardens will require some
+sprinkling but not to the extent necessary in most portions of the
+country. Another authority states that in this northwest coast district
+it is clear 43 per cent of the year between sunrise and sunset. On an
+average, 80 clear days, 122 partly clear days, 163 cloudy days. A day
+which is up to three-tenths cloudy is classed as clear. A day
+four-tenths to seven-tenths cloudy is classed as partly clear. Days in
+excess of four-tenths cloudy classed as cloudy.
+
+Near Tacoma, among majestic surroundings of forest and lake, with Mount
+Tacoma as a background, are the famous gardens of Thornewood, rich in
+flowers and shrubs and splendid garden architecture. Trees and hedges
+will wither and die, but the "everlasting hills" and the silver waters
+of American Lake will form a perpetual background to this beautiful
+place, built in 1880 and standing as the pioneer great garden of the
+State.
+
+Gardens even in the cities are becoming numerous, and attached to many
+fine residences the planting, though now in its youth, promises to add
+great adornment in the near future to these municipalities of the
+Northwest. Mr. Merrill's spacious place in Seattle, partly shown in two
+small views, illustrates the delightful possibilities of a town garden.
+
+The Rose hedge and lovely Rose garden at Rose Crest are typical of
+hundreds of others in Portland. The hedges are usually made up of Madame
+Caroline Testout Roses, the most popular sort there; in fact, Portland's
+official emblem. By June 1, along the curbing of the avenues, there are
+miles of Roses in bloom, and, as may be imagined, the effect is very
+pleasing. The climate of western Oregon is quite similar to favored
+portions of England, but has the advantage of more sunshine. The variety
+of vegetation is almost endless. Plants native to England will grow here
+that will not thrive in other parts of the United States, and the
+gardening tasks are simple in comparison to the toil necessary where
+gardens are subject to greater extremes of heat, cold, drought, and
+similar problems.
+
+Cliff Cottage and High Hatch, both about six miles south of Portland, on
+the Willamette River, possess gardens in their beginning, both
+interestingly planned and already known to garden lovers even beyond the
+limits of that State. The Cliff Cottage garden is designed in four
+terraces, with a rich background of primeval trees. Dwarf fruit trees
+and vegetables fill the beds that are all bordered with flowers. The
+stone stairway leading to the several terraces is in keeping with the
+natural surroundings of a wooded hillside. Rock planting is also a
+feature. The landscape in the distance is a beautiful outlook.
+
+High Hatch has a combination of upper and lower garden, partly in a rock
+garden, spread out over considerable undulating land with winding gravel
+paths and stone stairs connecting the various parts. A wide white stone
+balustrade divides the broad lawn from the gardens below, and a fine
+growth of aged pines completes the adornment of the place.
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 156
+"Thornewood," Tacoma, Wash. Mrs. Chester Thorne]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 157
+"Thornewood"]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 158
+"Thornewood," Tacoma, Wash. Chester Thorne, Esq.]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 159
+Seattle, Wash. Robert Merrill, Esq.]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 160
+Seattle, Wash. Robert Merrill, Esq.]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 161
+Section of a Rose hedge bordering an avenue in Portland, Ore.]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 162
+"Rosecrest," Portland Heights, Portland, Ore. Mrs. F. I. Fuller]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 163
+A garden in three terraces
+"Cliff Cottage," Elk Rock, Portland, Ore. Peter Kerr, Esq.]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 164
+A rock garden leading to formal garden
+"High Hatch," Riverwood, Portland, Ore. Thomas Kerr, Esq.]
+
+
+
+
+XVIII
+
+ALASKA
+
+
+_Last_, but not least, comes Alaska; even if last to arrive on the map
+of the Union, yet not least in size of territory or in flowers, and with
+still another condition of climate to be considered. Alaskan gardens are
+as yet but tiny modest plots against the gray log cabins, suggesting the
+homes of our Pilgrim fathers on the milder New England coast so long
+ago, and as we think of the stone and marble pergolas in modern New
+England, there comes the suggestion: "Then why not Alaska likewise some
+day?"
+
+To those who think of Alaska only as a land of snow and ice,
+descriptions of its flower-surrounded log cabins seem like impossible
+dreams. Quoting from Reverend Mr. Lumpkin's paper:
+
+"In coming into Alaska, you first awake to the beautiful reality in
+Skagway. This is the point where the White Pass road is taken to make
+connection with the river boats for the interior. Your eyes rest upon
+the wonderful fulfilment of the flowers and your crag-weary soul is
+refreshed.
+
+"Every growing thing in Alaska seems to exemplify the Alaskan spirit,
+and that is to make the very best of bad conditions, and to make the
+very most of the many good ones. With the dark winters and short
+summers, every ray of sunshine has to be used, and when in the summer
+the sun shines all day and nearly all night for three months, there is
+no time for loafing in flower land.
+
+"Just take a walk down through Fairbanks in July and you will begin to
+think that wonders will never cease. You will see flowers, that at home
+you had to coax and nurse into growth, here in radiant, luxuriant
+masses. The Pansies are unusually large, whole borders of them, and
+paths bordered with beds a foot wide, filled to the edges with
+changeable velvet. Sweet Peas grow up to the tops of the fences, and
+then, if no further support is given them, over they go, back to the
+ground again. All summer the Nasturtiums climb nearer and nearer the
+roofs of the cabins, and bloom and bloom in sheer delight. Some paths
+are bordered with Poppies, big stately red and white, and white and pink
+ones, or the golden California beauties. These natives of warmer climes
+seem perfectly at home in the Northland. Asters scorn hothouses and grow
+in profusion wherever they are planted, and wherever they are they are
+beautiful. They are as large as the Chrysanthemums the Easterner
+delights in, and of all the various changes of colors. By them, perhaps,
+will be Dahlias as large and rich as any you have ever seen. The more
+beauty-loving and flower-loving the owner of the garden, the longer you
+will stay to look and wonder. Candytuft, Sweet Alyssum, and Mignonette
+will greet you from their accustomed places on the borders of beds of
+flowers, and you will almost smile at them as at some old-time friend.
+Then you will see where some daring gardener has bordered the beds with
+Phlox or Snapdragon, and you will feel compelled to admire the result.
+
+"Never have I seen such Begonias. The flowers are like Camellias, and
+the colors exquisite. Shades of pale yellow to deep yellow, pale pink to
+deep pink, and the pure white. The Geraniums, too, grow to giant size,
+and seem to be ever-blooming. One really is tempted to feel the stalks
+of some of them before it can be believed that they are not two plants
+tied together. There was a Geranium in one of the small towns which
+filled the window of a store.
+
+"Many cabins have five or more baskets hanging from the eaves. Imagine
+gray log cabins with birch baskets filled with blue Lobelias;
+flame-colored Nasturtiums climbing to the roof, beds of velvet Pansies,
+borders of crimson Poppies leading to the gate, where golden California
+Poppies make way for you to pass, and beyond, the distant Alaskan
+mountains, snow-covered and glistening in the sun. Imagine one cabin,
+and then think of streets of them; change your flower colors as you
+will, as a child changes his kaleidoscope, and you will have some idea
+of Alaska flower land."[5]
+
+FOOTNOTES:
+
+[5] From _The Alaskan Churchman_.
+
+
+
+
+XIX
+
+VANCOUVER ISLAND
+
+
+The lure of the far-famed gardens of the island so close to our shores
+is enticing enough to make a happy excuse for giving the space of a page
+to one of its smaller gardens.
+
+In the heart of this fair garden, in the country of the Englishman, at
+the end of this book on American gardens, the author, though a proud
+American, unhesitatingly admits that usually it is the Englishman who
+has inspired us to make gardens as nearly as possible like those of the
+mother country. Is it the old blood that is stirring within us, the
+common bond of past associations and brotherhood so often expressed in
+our physical resemblances as well as in many of our ideals? The garden
+in the accompanying illustrations shows a beautiful combination of
+flowers with picturesque old trees.
+
+The climate of this favored place is even more delightful and balmy than
+that of the mainland, and the charm of the great Pacific is doubly felt
+along these quiet shores. The untravelled may picture it as isolated and
+forsaken, but rather is it just enough retired to be apart without
+loneliness; and, except, in a few cities, excluding the turmoil of the
+world, yet hospitably open to the friendly passer-by.
+
+There is more sunshine here than in England, although the climates are
+very similar. On Vancouver Island there are the four distinct,
+well-defined seasons; the temperature is more like that of Portland than
+of Tacoma. The island is generously covered with vegetation, and when
+its native wild flowers are considered, in addition to the gardens in
+rich cultivation, it may well be called a garden island.
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 165
+Victoria City, Vancouver Island, B. C.]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 169
+Victoria City, Vancouver Island, B. C.]
+
+
+
+
+A FEW GARDEN GATES
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 167
+Longview, Tenn. Mrs. James E. Caldwell
+_From a photograph by G. C. Dury & Co. Reproduced by permission of the
+author of "Your Garden and Mine"_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 168
+"Knock-Mae-Cree," Westport, Conn. Mrs. William Curtis Gibson
+_From a photograph by Brown Brothers_]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 169]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 170
+"Hamilton House," South Berwick, Maine. Mrs. George S. Tyson]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 171]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 172
+"Glen Alpine," Morristown, N. J. Charles W. McAlpin, Esq.]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 173
+East Hampton, L. I. Mrs. Theron G. Strong]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 174
+"Glendessary," Santa Barbara, Cal. Mrs. R. C. Rogers]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 175
+"Clifton," Cincinnati, Ohio. Mrs. Samuel H. Taft]
+
+
+[Illustration: PLATE 176
+"Thornewood," Tacoma, Wash. Chester Thorne, Esq.]
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of Project Gutenberg's Beautiful Gardens in America, by Louise Shelton
+
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