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+The Project Gutenberg eBook, Politics of Alabama, by J. C. (Joseph
+Columbus) Manning
+
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+
+
+
+Title: Politics of Alabama
+
+
+Author: J. C. (Joseph Columbus) Manning
+
+
+
+Release Date: October 21, 2010  [eBook #34111]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK POLITICS OF ALABAMA***
+
+
+E-text prepared by the Online Distributed Proofreading Team
+(http://www.pgdp.net) from page images generously made available by
+Internet Archive/American Libraries
+(http://www.archive.org/details/americana)
+
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+
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+      Images of the original pages are available through
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+
+
+
+POLITICS OF ALABAMA
+
+by
+
+J. C. MANNING
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Published by the Author
+
+Copyright, 1893, BY J. C. Manning.
+All Rights Reserved.
+
+
+
+
+DEDICATION.
+
+
+To the patriotic people of Alabama who demand "a free ballot and a fair
+count," and believe in honest government, this little book is
+fraternally dedicated by the author.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: J. C. Manning]
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+
+CHAPTER I. THE FAMOUS KOLB-JONES GUBERNATORIAL CONTEST.
+
+CHAPTER II. THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY ONE OF PREJUDICE.
+
+CHAPTER III. DIFFERENT KINDS OF "PARTY LASH" CRACKERS.
+
+CHAPTER IV. THE TROUBLE OF THE SIXTIES.
+
+CHAPTER V. WANT PRODUCES THINKERS.
+
+CHAPTER VI. "BOURBON" CAMPAIGN INTOLERANCE.
+
+CHAPTER VII. ELECTION METHODS OF THE DEMOCRATS.
+
+CHAPTER VIII. SUCCESS OF THE POPULISTS ASSURED.
+
+
+
+
+POLITICS OF ALABAMA.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+THE FAMOUS KOLB-JONES GUBERNATORIAL CONTEST.
+
+
+Until recently, embracing the past several months, almost national
+attention has been centered upon the politics of Alabama.
+
+Notice was first attracted by the famous Kolb-Jones gubernatorial
+contest. This campaign was something novel in the South, for until then,
+there had not been, for years, any probability of defeat to the
+organized Democracy in Alabama.
+
+However, during the Kolb-Jones political fight, astute "organized"
+Democratic leaders soon expressed such grave apprehensions of the
+success of their ticket that, only a few weeks before the time had come
+for the state election (Aug. 1, 1892), Alabama was in the throes of such
+political excitement as had probably never before been known in the
+history of that commonwealth. This fervor increased up to the day of
+election, when, as is known to the entire country, Capt. R. F. Kolb
+swept the state with cyclonic victory, notwithstanding the fact that he
+was defrauded by the manipulations of the ballot-box stuffers,
+unscrupulous returning-officers and unprincipled members of
+canvassing-boards. Another man is to-day occupying the seat to which
+Captain Kolb is entitled, with the absolute acquaintance of the
+certainty of this statement, and with the perfect knowledge that a vast
+majority of the people of Alabama are fully aware that, inasmuch as he
+has assumed it wrongfully, he is unworthy of the trust. What a shameful
+and revolting spectacle!
+
+President Hayes was never more despised by the people of Alabama, than
+is Governor Jones by the common people of his own state.
+
+No better or more interesting recital could be given of the rightful
+claims of Captain Kolb, than is made in his open letter, written
+December 15, 1892, and addressed to the General Assembly and people of
+Alabama. In this letter Captain Kolb makes a demand for justice, gives
+well-known facts that are susceptible of proof, makes statements of
+particular frauds, and asks why an investigation of the matter is not
+permitted and the people allowed to choose their own public servants.
+The letter is as follows:
+
+     "TO THE MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF ALABAMA, AND THE PEOPLE
+     OF ALABAMA:
+
+     "As I have so far been denied the official rights conferred upon me
+     by a sovereign people, I deem it my duty to address this open
+     letter to the members of the Legislature and people of Alabama, and
+     respectfully ask for an impartial hearing. 'Let justice be done,
+     though the heavens fall.' On the 1st of December, 1892, a
+     conscienceless and corrupt oligarchy overturned the republican form
+     of government in Alabama, and installed as the _de facto_ governor,
+     a man who was not elected to the office. I feel that I am airing no
+     mere private or personal grievance in thus protesting against and
+     denouncing this great crime against law, order and civil liberty. I
+     would be an unfaithful steward and unworthy of the sacred trust
+     confided to me by the people of Alabama at the polls in August
+     last, if I remained silent under the circumstances. Two years ago
+     the Democratic party, in convention assembled, refused to nominate
+     for governor the acknowledged choice of a majority of the party.
+     For the sake of harmony, I bided my time for another two years,
+     believing that the people would then rise in their majesty and
+     throw off the tyrannous yoke of party bosses. On the 8th of June
+     last, the Democratic party again assembled in state convention, to
+     nominate candidates for governor and other state officers, and for
+     a second time, the rights and wishes of the people were over-ridden
+     by fraud and the unfair use of party machinery in the election of
+     delegates thereto. My friends did everything in their power to
+     bring about a fair and honorable settlement of all differences
+     existing between the two factions of the Democratic party in the
+     state. All overtures in this direction were treated with scorn and
+     derision by the so-called 'organized' Democracy, and we were forced
+     to organize our own state convention, which was composed
+     exclusively of life-long Democrats. This convention nominated a
+     full state ticket and appealed to the justice-loving hearts of the
+     true, sovereign people of Alabama, for their verdict on the first
+     Monday in August. The issues between the two factions of the party
+     were fully presented by both sides of the controversy, in the most
+     memorable campaign ever known in the political history of the
+     state. On the first Monday in August, the people spoke at the
+     ballot-box in thunder tones and declared that the ticket headed by
+     myself for governor, received a majority of over 45,000 of the
+     votes cast, fully 25,000 of that majority being white voters. By
+     frauds and manipulations on the part of election managers and
+     county returning-boards in many counties of the state, this true
+     majority of 45,000 for myself for governor, was changed into a
+     fictitious majority of about 11,000 for Thomas G. Jones. This state
+     of facts was admitted to be true for weeks after the election by
+     prominent supporters of Governor Jones throughout the state, who
+     did not hesitate to say that the Legislature, when it convened,
+     would provide for a prompt and impartial investigation of the
+     frauds alleged to have been committed, and would declare who was
+     rightfully entitled to the office of governor. Governor Jones
+     himself is on record as having used the following language on the
+     subject, in an interview with Mr. Chappel Cory, editor of the
+     Birmingham _Age-Herald_, on August 21, 1892:
+
+     "'If I am not fairly elected I do not want the office. I intend to
+     renew my recommendation, made in February, 1891, to the ensuing
+     General Assembly, to pass laws to provide for contests before the
+     General Assembly, for governor and the other state offices. There
+     can be no doubt that such a law will be passed. You may say further
+     that if the limited session allowed by the constitution will not
+     give sufficient time to hear and decide such contests as may be
+     brought, that I will not hesitate to convene the General Assembly
+     in extraordinary session for the purpose. I have neither reason nor
+     motive to use the power of the office of governor to hinder or
+     embarrass investigation; but, were it otherwise, consecration to
+     this great trust would leave me no room for doubt as to the pathway
+     of duty and honor, when the happiness and contentment of the people
+     lay in the balance against partisan success or personal triumph.'
+     Commenting on this interview with Governor Jones, the _Age-Herald_
+     said editorially: 'There is now no reason why every honest man
+     should not adjourn the discussion of the gubernatorial issue until
+     the meeting of the General Assembly. Certainly no honest-minded
+     Democrat, however bitterly he may have fought for Captain Kolb, can
+     find an excuse for keeping alive the fires of factional strife. The
+     statement by Governor Jones, which we publish this morning, leaves
+     nothing more to be said until the trial shall come up according to
+     the law and the constitution. No settlement of a contest is
+     possible except by the General Assembly, and the Governor says in
+     plain terms it shall be settled and rightly settled. He goes so far
+     as to say that if the constitutional limit of fifty days shall not
+     give time for the determination of all contests, he will convene
+     the General Assembly in extraordinary session for that purpose.'
+     Thus, it is plainly apparent, that Governor Jones and his friends
+     are pledged to provide for and abide by a legislative investigation
+     and adjudication of the contest. Can Governor Jones and his friends
+     afford not to keep their pledges? Will Governor Jones follow 'the
+     pathway of duty and honor,' or will he sacrifice both upon the
+     altar of 'partisan success and personal triumph?' On the occasion
+     of his inauguration as the _de facto_ Governor of Alabama, December
+     1, 1892, in making an urgent appeal to the Legislature to largely
+     increase the present rate of taxation, Governor Jones declared that
+     'the Democratic party can dare to do right.' If he deemed it the
+     duty of a Democratic legislature to increase the burdens of an
+     already taxridden people, surely he can afford to recommend to this
+     same Legislature the necessity of investigating alleged election
+     frauds, which impugn the integrity of his title to the office of
+     governor, and especially, when these frauds are not denied by his
+     supporters or the press friendly to him. In other words, will
+     Governor Jones 'dare to do right,' in this grave matter, affecting,
+     as it does, the rights of the majority of the sovereign people of
+     this commonwealth and the perpetuity of a republican form of
+     government in Alabama. Will the Legislature, now assembled on
+     Capitol Hill, knowing as they do, that all honest and fair-minded
+     men among their constituents demand an investigation, 'dare to do
+     right,' and enact a law which will insure that justice shall be
+     done and a stigma removed, which will otherwise be a stain upon
+     Alabama's fair escutcheon forever? I believe the Legislature will
+     rise above paltry partisan feeling, and that after becoming
+     convinced of the wishes of their people during the Christmas
+     recess, will return to the Capitol and effect a just and speedy
+     settlement of this vital question. It has been charged that I have
+     deserted the Democratic party. I repudiate the base calumny with
+     the scorn of conscious innocence. The Democratic party has always
+     been and always will be the party of the people, and the so-called
+     'organized' Democratic party of Alabama has simply deserted and
+     outraged the people. I am now, as I have ever been, true and
+     faithful to the principles of Jeffersonian Democracy. I believe in
+     and shall ever contend for 'a government of the people, for the
+     people and by the people.' There are men high in the councils of
+     the so-called 'organized' Democracy, who while admitting my
+     election, declare that because I supported the electoral ticket
+     nominated by the Lakeview convention, I should be denied even an
+     opportunity to contest before the Legislature for the office to
+     which I have been elected; and some go so far as to say that, had I
+     not given such support, I would have been legally seated in the
+     gubernatorial chair of Alabama, on the 1st of December, 1892. No
+     sensible, or honest person will contend that my support of the
+     Lakeview electoral ticket can affect the merits of my cause of
+     contest or change the facts of the previous August election. For
+     that support, I have no apologies to make; for I followed the
+     dictates of right and conscience. And besides, I could not
+     consistently support the electoral ticket nominated by the
+     convention of party bosses at the State-house, because such support
+     would have been on my part an indirect indorsement of the frauds
+     which I honestly believe were committed against me by these same
+     party bosses and their henchmen, in the August election. For taking
+     the position I did, it is proclaimed by my enemies that I am
+     'politically dead in Alabama.' In reply to this, I would say that,
+     when they undertake to lay me away in my political coffin, they
+     will find that no amount of abuse and vilification will prevent my
+     speedy and triumphant resurrection through the sovereign might of
+     an outraged people. The political bosses are hereby notified that
+     in the future, as in the past, I will ever be found battling for
+     true Jeffersonian Democracy and the rights of the masses. In the
+     meantime, thanks to a merciful Providence, being in fine health and
+     feeling confident of the continued sympathy and support of my
+     fellow citizens, I propose to fight now and fight ever until the
+     banner of right and reform is planted on the dismantled fortress of
+     fraud and usurpation.
+
+     "For the information of the members of the General Assembly, I
+     desire to give some of the facts in detail, showing the truth of
+     the charge that the state ticket headed by myself for governor was
+     fraudulently counted out, in August last. My information in regard
+     to these frauds is of the most authentic character, and I will be
+     able to sustain, by convincing proof, every charge alleged. These
+     election frauds, to which I call attention, will be startling
+     intelligence to the people in the 'white' counties of the state,
+     who at present have no adequate conception of their extent and
+     enormity. Let us first examine Governor Jones' own home county of
+     Montgomery. Every well-informed person in Montgomery county knows
+     and admits that the majority of 6,250 returned for Governor Jones,
+     was a sham and a fraud. The same old methods were resorted to, that
+     have been practised for years. The boast, openly made before the
+     election, that our ticket would be 'counted out,' was carried out
+     to the letter. It is a known fact and publicly stated, that not
+     over 4,000 votes, all told, were actually cast in the August
+     election in Montgomery county, and that an honest count of this
+     vote would give me not less than 1,500 majority. The return of
+     3,561 votes, claimed to have been cast in the two beats of the city
+     of Montgomery, every honest citizen knows to be untrue. I charge
+     that there were not 1,000 votes actually cast in the two city
+     beats, and all over that number counted were uncast ballots. The
+     same is true as to the returns from nearly, if not all, the 'black'
+     beats of the county. Tickets for the Jones faction were substituted
+     for those cast for the Kolb faction, and a large number of uncast
+     ballots were counted for Governor Jones and his faction that were
+     never voted at all. Uncast ballots were placed in the ballot-boxes
+     and counted for Governor Jones purporting to have been cast by men,
+     both white and colored, long since dead, and others by men who have
+     not lived in the county for years. The poll lists on file in the
+     office of the judge of probate, were either destroyed or stolen, to
+     prevent copies being furnished, which would show these facts to
+     exist. The vote of Montgomery county alone, honestly counted and
+     returned as the votes were cast, would show a difference in my
+     favor of not less than 7,700 votes. In other words, I carried the
+     county by about 1,500 majority, instead of Governor Jones by over
+     6,200 as the fraudulent returns show. The same state of facts
+     exists as to Lowndes county--over 1,600 majority was returned for
+     Governor Jones when, in fact, I carried the county by over 2,000
+     majority. In many of the 'black' beats hundreds of ballots cast for
+     the Kolb faction were changed for those of the Jones faction, and
+     hundreds more of uncast ballots placed in the ballot-boxes and
+     counted for Governor Jones, that were never voted at all by anyone.
+     The names of hundreds of dead men appear on the poll lists and
+     ballots put in for them and counted for Governor Jones. When a copy
+     of the poll lists was demanded of the judge of probate, which I
+     charge would show these facts to exist, we were informed that said
+     copy would be furnished the next day; but lo, and behold! when next
+     day came, we were told that the poll lists had been stolen the
+     night before. I charge that the vote of Lowndes, honestly counted
+     as cast, would give me over 2,000 majority, instead of over 1,600
+     majority for Governor Jones, as returned, which would make a
+     difference in my favor of over 3,600 votes. The same facts exist as
+     to Wilcox county. I charge that not over 3,000 votes were actually
+     cast in this county in the August election, and if honestly counted
+     I would have received a majority of not less than 500. Yet by fraud
+     and ballot-box stuffing and holding back the returns for over a
+     week after the election, a majority of over 4,300 was given to
+     Governor Jones. An honest count in this county would show 4,500
+     votes in my favor. But it was reserved to Dallas county to outdo
+     all others, in the way of ballot-box stuffing and fraudulent
+     returns, by which a majority of over 6,100 was figured out for
+     Governor Jones. An honest count of the vote as actually cast would
+     give me over 3,000 majority, making a difference of over 9,000
+     votes in my favor, from this county alone. In Selma beat the
+     returns show that 2,642 votes were cast, and a majority of over
+     2,300 returned for Governor Jones. The facts are, that not
+     exceeding 1,400 votes were actually cast in Selma beat, and fully
+     600 of those cast were for the Kolb ticket. The census gave Selma
+     beat a population of only 7,600, all told, and yet, they return
+     2,642 of this population as having voted. One voter out of five is
+     above the average of most populations, but Selma has found a way to
+     manufacture nearly three voters out of every five of her people. In
+     some of the 'black' beats of the county, only thirty to forty votes
+     were actually cast, by both white and colored voters, and yet the
+     returns give from 400 to 700 majority from these beats, to Governor
+     Jones. I charge that not as many votes were cast in the county of
+     Dallas for both Jones and Kolb as the majority claimed for Governor
+     Jones. The truth is, that Governor Jones did not actually receive
+     over 1,300 votes, all told, in the county, and yet he is
+     fraudulently given over 6,100 majority. In Perry county the same
+     frauds and ballot-box stuffing were resorted to, and hundreds of
+     dead men made to vote for Thomas Goode Jones. With an honest count
+     of the vote of Perry as actually cast, I would have received a
+     majority of over 500 votes, instead of a majority of over 1,800 for
+     Governor Jones, as returned, which would make a difference of over
+     2,300 votes in my favor. In Hale county, all will remember, that
+     the first report received from that county after the election, gave
+     me the county by over 1,600 majority, but the political bosses here
+     urged them to hold back the returns and 'doctor' them; that the
+     'organized' ticket was in great danger and the 'black belt' was
+     expected to do her duty. Hale was equal to the emergency, and in a
+     few days revised her returns and figured out over 1,200 majority
+     for Governor Jones. I charge that the vote of Hale, if honestly
+     counted, as actually cast, would give me a majority of over 2,500,
+     which would be a difference of over 3,700 in my favor. The same
+     irregularities occurred in Greene county, where a true majority of
+     over 500 for me was changed into a fictitious majority of 500 for
+     Governor Jones, showing a difference of over 1,000 in my favor. In
+     Sumpter county my majority was fully 500 more than was returned for
+     me, and about the same in Pickens; and in Marengo county, an honest
+     count of the vote as cast would have given me the county by a safe
+     majority, instead of 1,000 majority for Governor Jones as returned.
+
+     "In Macon county, by fraud and manipulations, a true majority of
+     about 2,000 for me was reduced to a little over 700. In Bullock
+     county, by frauds, manipulations and partisan abuses by county
+     returning-boards, a majority of over 1,800 was given Governor Jones
+     when, in fact, if he was entitled to any majority at all, it
+     should have been less than 200. In Autauga county an honest count
+     of the vote actually cast, would have given me the county by at
+     least 500 majority, but by ballot-box stuffing and fraudulently
+     counting-out votes cast for the Kolb ticket and substituting Jones
+     tickets instead, a small majority was falsely returned for Governor
+     Jones. In all these 'black belt' counties a majority of the judges
+     of probate, sheriffs and clerks, whose duty it was to appoint the
+     inspectors of elections, were friends of Governor Jones, and in
+     most of the counties, the rights of the Kolb faction were utterly
+     ignored, and no friend of mine permitted to act as manager or clerk
+     at any of the beats. Only at a few 'white' beats, in any of these
+     counties, were we allowed any representation. My political enemies
+     were not satisfied with this great wrong done me in the 'black
+     belt' counties but invaded some of the 'white' counties, and by
+     fraud and manipulation in the beats, or by partisan action on the
+     part of county returning-boards, on the Saturday following the
+     election, robbed me of over 10,000 votes to which I was justly
+     entitled. In Conecuh county I received a majority of 1,235 votes,
+     and yet, by throwing out boxes and robbing others, this majority
+     was all wiped out, and a false majority of 270 given to Governor
+     Jones. In Pike county I received a majority of 910 votes and the
+     returns from eleven beats, giving me large majorities, were thrown
+     out or destroyed by the county returning-board, and a majority of
+     55 given to Governor Jones. The contests in both of these counties
+     (Conecuh and Pike) have been virtually decided in my favor by Judge
+     Hubbard, in his decision in the contest cases for judge of probate
+     in each county. His opinion, as rendered, being in favor of Dr. R.
+     A. Lee, of Conecuh, and T. H. Brown, of Pike, both of whom were
+     candidates for probate judge on the Kolb ticket. In like manner, as
+     in Conecuh and Pike, I was robbed of over 1,000 votes in Butler,
+     over 1,000 in Elmore, over 600 in Coosa, over 700 in St. Clair,
+     over 700 in Shelby, over 100 in Chilton, over 1,000 in Talladega,
+     over 500 in Walker, over 1,000 in Morgan and over 1,000 in Madison.
+     I have given plain and unvarnished facts, as I believe them to
+     exist, and positively assert that a fair and impartial investigation
+     will prove every statement made, to be true. It may be asked why the
+     evidence is not here adduced to prove these allegations. If adduced
+     here, these same parties would say that it was all _ex parte_ and
+     that it would be controverted and destroyed, if both sides should be
+     heard. Besides, they know that the details necessary to be recounted
+     as to each beat in so many counties, would make a summary too
+     voluminous to be incorporated in an address. All I ask is that a
+     full, fair and impartial investigation shall be had and that a true
+     judgment may be rendered. If Governor Jones and his friends are not
+     afraid of truth, equity and justice, why do they refuse? If the
+     effect would only be to remove a cloud from his title to the office,
+     would he not gladly embrace such an opportunity? 'But there's the
+     rub.' They well know that an investigation would disclose frauds and
+     manipulations which could not be defended, and would prove his claim
+     to the office of governor wholly unfounded upon right. That is why
+     they dare not permit an investigation. That is why some of them talk
+     so glibly what they would not dare to utter over their own
+     signatures. That is why the Legislature has treated this matter with
+     silence, while patriotic representatives of the people have urged and
+     insisted upon action, so that justice might be done, and right
+     triumph. Every honest man knows that Governor Jones has no shadow of
+     claim to the office of governor. The people, by their votes in
+     August, relegated him to private life for the next two years, and yet
+     he is sitting up at the Capitol upon a lot of stuffed ballot-boxes
+     from the 'black belt,' and claiming his election. Some of his best
+     friends have publicly declared that he could not afford to hold the
+     office in the face of such fraudulent returns, and if he persisted
+     in doing so, he would go down to posterity more despised than
+     Rutherford B. Hayes. I am only contending for what is right. As a
+     native-born citizen of Alabama, and one who has always endeavored
+     to serve my people and state to the best of my ability, both in
+     time of war and in time of peace, I feel that I have a right to
+     demand that justice be done. Thousands of true men all over this
+     great commonwealth honored me with their support in the August
+     election, and in their name I demand of the Legislature, a prompt
+     and impartial investigation of this matter. These people represent
+     a majority of the white voting population and demand a respectful
+     hearing. I beg you, members of the Legislature, not to mistake the
+     temper of these people. Remember that a large majority of them have
+     been life-long Democrats. While they don't believe in, and never
+     will submit to the domination of a few party bosses, yet they do
+     believe in the time-honored principles of pure Jeffersonian
+     Democracy. They have been the true, the tried and unflinching
+     Democrats, who have heretofore fought the battles and won the
+     victories of the party in Alabama. True to its noble cause, true to
+     every great principle, and true to every demand of patriotism upon
+     them, they have been in the fore-front of every contest when
+     victory was won, and the firm and immovable, the true and faithful
+     guardians of its cause, in every defeat we have ever sustained.
+     Many of these people were gallant soldiers in the late war, and
+     since 1865 have been battling for the Democratic party in Alabama.
+     Many of them have reared sons, in whose breasts they early planted
+     the principles of true Democracy, and taught them that it was the
+     party of the people. They believe that Democracy means that the
+     people shall rule, and that white people should govern Alabama.
+     They now feel that a few political bosses are undertaking to
+     overthrow a republican form of government in this state. I warn you
+     to stop and reflect. Don't trifle with these people longer. Let
+     justice be done, and sweet Peace will again spread her white wings
+     over our beloved state.
+
+     "R. F. KOLB.
+
+     "Montgomery, Ala., Dec. 15, 1892."
+
+Nothing but silence answers this scathing arraignment of the Democratic
+party of Alabama. The burning charges of corruption and robbery meet no
+rebuttal; none could truthfully be made. Many weeks after the publication
+of Captain Kolb's letter, the Birmingham _Age-Herald_, of March 3, 1893,
+contained a remarkable editorial confession, headed: "That Political
+Pest,"--which may enable one to form some opinion of the sentiment of the
+average Jones Democrat regarding the Kolb-Jones contest and "dispute" over
+the election. This quotation from the editorial will prove quite
+interesting:
+
+     "Now the fact is that the Populists will fight the Democratic party
+     in 1894 on the issue of the last August election, and their cry
+     will be so many variations of the contest matter. The plain facts
+     of this matter had as well be understood first as last. If Captain
+     Kolb and the other gentlemen who ran on his ticket had supported
+     Cleveland and held good their claims to being Democrats, a contest
+     law would have been enacted. Public sentiment would have compelled
+     it, and the dispute over the election would have been legally
+     settled, and in all probability Governor Jones would have been
+     governor just as he is now. But when Captain Kolb and his fellow
+     candidates on his state ticket, went bodily over to Mr. Harrison
+     and conspired with Chris Magee, public sentiment revolted. From
+     that moment all possibility of a contest law vanished. The
+     organized Democracy would not hear to yielding an inch of ground,
+     and all the influence of Governor Jones himself could not have
+     availed to procure a contest law from the Legislature. That is a
+     plain statement of fact. That is the shape it will assume in 1894.
+     In the meanwhile, if we begin the campaign already, how are we
+     going to have any rest?"
+
+As is easily apparent from reading the foregoing editorial, the principal
+excuse of the "machine bosses" as to why the office of governor was stolen
+from Captain Kolb, is "because he did not support Cleveland!" This silly
+twaddle about Captain Kolb going over to Harrison, is just such
+nonsensical stuff as the average of Alabama Democratic editors deem fit to
+feed the Democratic "gods and little fishes" on. What other available
+matter have they, when truth, right and reason have forever departed from
+their sanctums and from their cause?
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY ONE OF PREJUDICE.
+
+
+Excepting those who have resided in the South, few people outside have
+any true conception whatever, of what means a contest against the fixed
+ideas and established policies of the ruling element in this section.
+Not until recently have the searching currents of thought inundated, to
+a great and perceptible extent, the foundations of bitter prejudice that
+have been the main basis of the monster political structure which has
+towered in its glory in the South since the days of reconstruction. For
+a long time, few there were who would dare to revolt against its darkened
+walls, lest they might forever be driven from the shadow of its wings.
+
+It is no idle charge that is embodied in the frequent statement that the
+"par" prejudiced Democratic politicians in Alabama will adopt any method,
+foul or fair, _especially foul_, that may perpetuate the control of that
+party, in this state. And it has been the dire dread of becoming a victim
+of just such venomous partisans as these that has awed aspiring men of
+this state into party line and once made it seriously doubtful whether
+any able man would jeopardize his political prospects by being so bold as
+to stand out in opposition to the "Democracy (?) of Alabama," and its
+shadowy practices, which Southern young men have been taught by
+gray-haired parents to believe justifiable.
+
+When, for once, the prejudice of the leaders and the animosity of the
+rabble of the Democratic party is fully aroused and incited against any
+person who would ally himself with the opposition, then the subject of
+this ardent persecution may expect that never will he, nor his seed, go
+forgotten by an unrelenting foe, until such prejudice-bearing life is
+extinguished.
+
+The time has been when Alabama Democrats would not concede it a
+right for a Southern voter to be anything else than a "booster"
+for the "machine bosses." The privilege to oppose the Democratic
+party--considering the treatment accorded those who lately antagonized
+that party in the South--is generally supposed by "Bourbons" not to
+exist, even now.
+
+During the heat of political campaigns,--and especially was it the case
+in Alabama last year,--every imaginable pressure is brought to bear upon
+those who do not see fit to support the Democratic ticket. Ostracism is
+practised in both social and business life. Merchants withhold supplies
+from farmers, wealthy landlords threaten the discharge of their tenants,
+and mortgage-holders talk wildly of foreclosures, to those who express a
+desire to exercise the right of franchise according to their own belief
+and as free men of a so-called free republic. In no other section of the
+country are such political forces as these exerted to so radical a
+degree, or is the "party lash" wielded with so tremendous a flourish.
+The "party lash" cracker must be devised so as to "drive them into
+line;" it makes no difference what the nature of the material may be, if
+its popping is fitting for the time and purpose.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+DIFFERENT KINDS OF "PARTY LASH" CRACKERS.
+
+
+The rank and file of Democrats in Alabama, until recently, have blindly
+drifted along, neglecting every interest. Thinking of nothing else,
+scarcely, than "machine boss" protection from the near approach of some
+highly-pictured prospective woe, ever since before the late war, when
+slaveholders waved the party lash and popped the cracker of "secession
+or ruin,"--until now, when the sons of ex-slaveholders, and others that
+form the "domineering bossism" in Alabama, pop the cracker of "Democracy
+or negro rule." From the time when the "old plantation darkey," hat in
+hand, stood humbly before his master to hear that he was no longer a
+chattel slave, until now, the "bulldozing" ex-slaveholding lord has
+"blowed" about the danger of "negro rule" and the sons of this class of
+office-holding hierarchy have as blusteringly echoed the farce. They
+failed to remember that it was the wrinkled hands of the old colored
+slave that were stretched out in protection over his master's loved ones
+when the deadly flash and quaking thunder of battle threatened Southern
+homes, and they soon unkindly pictured them as demon clutches. There is
+no reasonable ground for fear of "negro supremacy." It is the domination
+of the man with the black heart, without special reference to "hide,"
+that the yoemanry of Alabama must really fear. It is not the supremacy
+of the negro that curses, or may curse the white productive classes, but
+it is the supremacy of "machine bosses" who, through the fraudulent
+manipulation of the ballot-box in counties with a predominance of
+colored population, roll up fictitious and enormous majorities in order
+to defeat the will of the white people of other counties. This
+white-"hided," black-hearted class, which has always popped the cracker
+of "negro supremacy" are now those who wrongfully dominate a majority of
+the white people of Alabama on account of stuffed ballot-boxes
+extravagantly based upon a negro population. The "antediluvian,"
+ex-slaveholding Democrat has talked much about this or that party being
+a "negro party," but for a certainty this Pharisaical set can now see in
+their own "dear old Democratic party" in Alabama a full-fledged "negro
+party." The Kolb-Jones election demonstrates this fact. Jones having
+received majorities in no other than "black belt" counties. Be it said
+to the credit of the "black belt" negroes, however, they protest that
+they did not vote for Jones and are amazed that the country has palmed
+the Democratic party of Alabama, and the responsibility for its
+existence, off on them. The national election in Alabama, a fac-simile
+of the state election, sustains the apparently dark complexion of that
+party.
+
+The "Force Bill" cracker is another very available "party lash" snap.
+Democratic campaign orators never fail to picture, in their denunciation
+of this hobgoblin, burly negroes guarding the polls with bayonets while
+timid white men come trembling forward to deposit their ballots. "Unless
+the Democratic ticket is elected, such a state of affairs will most
+certainly exist," shouts the office-holder, and there are, even now,
+voters in Alabama who are simple enough to believe it. No party
+advocates or indorses a measure of any such provisions, yet the people
+of the South are told that a vote against the Democratic party means the
+support of just such a state of affairs, and if possible, something
+worse. It is argued by Democrats, that under such a perilous
+probability, no farmer could justly consider his empty pocket,
+poverty-stricken home, overworked and shabbily-clothed family, and
+poorly-educated children, "and go off to discussing the money question."
+
+Until of recent years, the rank and file of the people in Alabama
+usually "kicked up the dust" in their terrible display of hostility to
+anything antagonistic to the Democratic party. In the meantime, the
+"machine bosses" wielded the "party lash" and popped the snap crackers
+over their heads; ingeniously playing upon their passions and
+prejudices, and always holding the offices.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+THE TROUBLE OF THE SIXTIES.
+
+
+The people of Alabama were plunged into the bloody, surging sea of
+trouble in the sixties by the same extremist element in the South, which
+has more than once ruled more desperately than wisely, and is, in times
+of great emergency, scarcely conservative or sensible. The writer often
+imagines he can hear some of these same old blustering members of the
+ex-slave- and present office-holding hierarchy exciting the common
+people back before the sixties with their now "moss-covered" harangues,
+and wonders if some of the common herd could again be herded by these
+same herdsmen and be driven into another conflict of "a poor man's fight
+and a rich man's war."
+
+If it had not been for the rash domination of this "rule or ruin" element
+in the South at that time, there is no doubt but that "the war between the
+States" could have been averted, with far greater advantage to the people
+of this section.
+
+The masses of the people of Alabama were not at heart secessionists, but
+it is, as heretofore, unwritten truth that this state was seceded
+fraudulently by the original "machine bosses" who dictated the seating
+of the delegates in the "secession convention," and who ruthlessly
+sacrificed the lives and property of the poor in a vain endeavor to add
+to the coffers of the rich landlord by further enslaving humanity.
+
+Reformers in Alabama are to-day fought hardest and persecuted most by
+the sons of the class of men who fought the poor white man during the
+late war and spoliated his meagre possessions, in order that the
+shackles might be kept on the ankles of the black man so the rich
+landlord could prolong his princely ways. Opposing the present movement
+for universal industrial freedom are represented those who have
+strangled Liberty at every stage of her growth, and who respect the
+needs of the poor white man now, as little as they did the wants of the
+poor slaves then.
+
+The common people always fight all the battles in times of war, create
+all the wealth in periods of peace; but, whether in the battle of blood
+or the struggle for bread, they have never reaped a substantial benefit
+from either contest. They have been engaged in a prolonged, though
+varying struggle, all down the history of the ages, and greed and
+avarice have always sapped their energies and sucked their life-blood.
+
+Such is truly a too real recital of the actual experience of the Alabama
+citizen ex-soldier, as he now is in the ranks of "the common masses of
+the common people," battling for bread with about as much hope of
+reaping a happy reward in this contest, as he had of winning a
+soul-swelling victory in that of the sixties. How sad is the narrative
+of the real life of the average Alabamian, who has always been loyal to
+the political leaders of his native state, worshiping even at the shrine
+of the name "Democracy," but, after years of toil, privation and
+endurance, approaches the verge of eternity unable to bequeath a
+heritage of neither full-fledged liberty nor free-titled land to
+uneducated, homeless and hopeless children.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+WANT PRODUCES THINKERS.
+
+
+Some species of the brute creation open their eyes in nine days, but
+some of the poor, blinded and burden-bearing creatures of humanity
+scarcely ever succeed in getting their eyes fully open to the light of
+God's blessed bestowals to mankind. Others soon realize the
+repulsiveness of the black shadows that enthrall them and bite the dust
+in anguish in their struggle to be free. And often, when higher reason
+fails to prompt one to action, unsatiated appetite constitutes a
+never-failing reminder. As necessity is the mother of invention, so is
+poverty productive of thought. The earlier one's condition is reduced to
+want, the sooner will the thought "materialize into action." Thus it is
+with the debt-ridden toiler, the farmless farmer and the produceless
+producer in their unrest in Alabama to-day. The general want has
+produced general thought. Thought has instituted inquiry. Investigation
+has inaugurated a revolt. The opposition to the Democratic party was, in
+this manner, born out of want. Term it the "third party," or whatever
+you may choose, it is really a necessary party; and its growth will
+continue as long as the wants and demands of the neglected productive
+interests go unheeded.
+
+The ingenious old party leaders may appeal to the passions of some; the
+"Force Bill," like Banquo's ghost, may continue to "bob up;" the farcial
+cry of "negro supremacy" may again fill the air; but the wide-awake
+spirit is becoming prevalent, and these politicians, instead of being
+absorbed with the tar-_iff_, will soon be astounded at the tear-_off_
+from the Democratic party.
+
+The feeling of the usurer's grasp is more likely, hereafter, to convince
+the possessor of the ballot of his duty, than will the artful arraying
+of one section by corporation talent. The presence of the legislative
+curse that makes the over-producing producer produceless, will, in days
+soon to come, more largely influence a vast majority of the citizens of
+this state in the exercise of their inalienable will, than will the
+Democratic hobgoblin of the farcial prospective (?) "Force Bill." The
+appeal for education that comes from the innocent eyes of little
+children, as they caress a weary mother's careworn face, shall soon
+carry more force of persuasion with the voter than will the bluster of
+office-seekers in their feigned warnings of "negro rule;" and the father
+will then seek to hand down to his children the magic wand that is
+dispelling brutishness from the face of all the earth.
+
+Thought having once inundated the passion-played Southern public mind,
+an awakening is begun, and, aroused to an appreciation of affairs as
+they exist, the rank and file of the people of Alabama are in an
+astounding state of agitation. Some idea of the extent of this unrest
+can be derived by recalling to mind the results of the last elections.
+This change in public sentiment, and attainments of the reform crusaders
+against the organized Democracy, will best be appreciated by an
+understanding of the campaign intolerance and election methods which
+have made the "Bourbon" historic, and which is fast making all those who
+believe in keeping sacred our free institutions, shrink from the support
+of men of such a party and a party of such methods and men.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+"BOURBON" CAMPAIGN INTOLERANCE.
+
+
+The revolt of the common people of Alabama against the "machine bosses"
+is, simply speaking, a revolution against revolutionists; and the
+increasing strength of the former is rapidly developing the intolerant
+spirit of the latter. This savage-natured sentiment that has characterized
+the campaign policy of the Democratic party of the South in its treatment
+of the opposition, has often received the scathing criticism of many a
+caustic pen. Yet nothing too severe could be said in its condemnation.
+
+It is the most idle and hollow mockery for any writer or any newspaper
+to attempt to repudiate the rightful accusation, so long made, that the
+Democratic party in the South is responsible for the campaign intolerance
+that is practiced in this section. These outbursts of violence in the
+South and in Alabama are but the spasmodic ventings of an overwrought
+public sentiment that has been instilled and tutored by the press and
+leaders of that party ever since the war. In reality, not half has been
+told of the attempts at stifling free speech in Alabama.
+
+Although the entire record of the "Bourbon" element is indeed unenviable
+and astonishing, yet, never before in the history of Southern Democratic
+campaign ruffianism had this spirit reached the height of deviltry
+displayed during 1892, in Alabama. With organized rabbles at their back,
+and partisan courts at their faces, political bullies openly boasted of
+their lawlessness and engaged in their dastardly outrages defiant to
+morality, honesty, conscience or prosecution.
+
+During the last weeks of the Kolb-Jones campaign this barbaric nature
+was beginning to be fully drawn out; the most cowardly demonstration of
+its existence having first been made at Florence, Ala., where the writer
+was attacked at midnight, July 27, by a mob that had assembled at the
+depot to do him violence upon his departure from the town. The mob, as
+was stated by dispatches published in the Democratic press, consisted of
+"fifty enraged citizens." The riotous crowd was incited and collected by
+partisans, for no other than a political cause; and had it not been that
+the writer succeeded in reaching the platform of the car unobserved, no
+doubt but that he would have been egged, stoned, or shot to death. The
+lights had been extinguished in the depot, which is located in a desolate
+part of the town, and every other arrangement was seemingly made for the
+doing of a dark and bloody deed. These villainous plans proved, however,
+to be advantageous to the writer, who escaped a brutally-designed
+assassination by getting on the platform of the car before the shower of
+missiles had commenced. The writer's hat suffered ruin from the
+"indignation," and a Memphis & Charleston car was turned into the shops
+spattered and battered. Herewith is given a letter, referring to the
+Florence incident, and as its author is one of Alabama's most eminent
+ministers, this document will prove valuable literature:
+
+     "Study of L. F. WHITTEN,
+         Pastor M. E. Church, South.
+             JASPER, Ala., Aug. 1, 1892.
+
+     "My dear Brother Manning:
+
+     "As soon as I have the time, I hasten to tender to you my sincere
+     sympathies for the barbarous and uncivilized treatment you received
+     at Florence a few days since. The correspondent of the _Age-Herald_,
+     who lives at Florence, saw 'an amusing sight last night to see the
+     boasted disciple of Kolbism, J. C. Manning, run from a volley of
+     rotten eggs thrown by fifty enraged men.' He could have seen in this
+     'amusing sight,' the return of the Spanish Inquisition and diabolic
+     intolerance of barbarism, had he been able to look ahead. This was
+     outrageous and inhuman treatment for which I assure you I am full of
+     regrets. I am ashamed that it has happened in Alabama or the South.
+     This spirit shown you, and the abuse heaped upon you, if not
+     denounced and punished speedily, will culminate in the hottest
+     persecution of an honest minority; which will prohibit free speech
+     and destroy the right to oppose the majority, although that majority
+     be led by the devil himself. If that spirit is not rebuked in our
+     state and the righteous indignation of our people does not stamp it
+     out swiftly, then the darkest days of the Rebellion will be bright
+     as compared to those to follow. This spirit will invade the pulpit
+     and go into the sanctum of the editor, and sermons will have to be
+     pleasant, pacific and agreeable, and editors must agree with those
+     in authority, or else the minister will be driven out of town, and
+     the editor will be rotten-egged or swung up by the thumbs! If that
+     comes to pass, then give me a monarchical government. I should
+     greatly prefer to appeal to Cæsar, than to an enraged mob of 'fifty
+     or more citizens' (?) fired up with red liquor, and thirsting for
+     the blood of the man who differs from them,--a set of brainless,
+     heartless sapheads. I heard a gentleman who saw it, denounce it as
+     the most villainous thing he ever saw in a land of freedom. He does
+     not belong to your party,--neither do I,--but he was for you. You
+     keep on, if you die at your post. Mobs to-day, mausoleums to-morrow.
+     The party that resorts to such tactics may ride the top of the wave
+     to-day, but the good time is coming when that rotten and rum-soaked
+     method will be buried out of sight under an avalanche of ballots of
+     brave men, who scorn the rotten-egg method of answering brainy
+     arguments, which 'Bourbons' have not sense enough to meet in any
+     other way. For my part, I do not believe in intolerance. The day has
+     passed to allow it. God holds the reins of government. Life, liberty
+     and free speech are our own inalienable rights. To destroy these, as
+     the mobs would do, is to muzzle the press, kill the stump-speaker,
+     and hang the preacher who does not court popular applause, and who
+     defies public sentiment that is wrong.
+
+     "Cordially yours for the Right,
+          L. F. WHITTEN."
+
+     "P. S. I said I do not belong to your party. I am a political
+     Prohibitionist, and pray for the day to dawn when the sober and
+     sensible and honest manhood of our country may get together and
+     rule it.
+
+     "L. F. W."
+
+Other instances of this frenzied partisan madness soon abounded. But the
+most wicked resort of Democratic party passion, be it said to its
+eternal shame, was made upon Col. J. M. Whitehead, editor of _The Living
+Truth_, Georgiana, Ala. Not content with destroying peace, planning and
+attempting midnight assassinations, hooting and howling at public
+meetings, these haters of civil liberty and "dying hard" Democrats come
+forth in their extreme infernalism, and hurl eggs at a gray-haired,
+one-legged, ex-Confederate soldier and citizen of irreproachable
+manhood. In response to a request for a statement on this subject, the
+writer received the following reply from Colonel Whitehead:
+
+     "GREENVILLE, Ala., April 3, 1893.
+
+     "J. C. Manning:
+
+     "_Dear Sir_,--You ask me to write to you some of my experiences
+     during the campaign last year with our friends, the organized
+     Democracy. Knowing their methods so well, their 'wild and woolly'
+     ways did not surprise me. I had some experiences with them in 1884,
+     when I was an independent candidate for Congress in this district,
+     against Herbert. At Ross Hill, Covington county, I was set upon by
+     their tools, who had been organized before to kill me. It was a
+     miracle that the plan failed. As it was, I had an arm broken, a
+     shoulder dislocated and was left for dead on the ground. I had just
+     closed a speech in which I had exposed the unfaithfulness of their
+     Congressman (the nominee), which I had been doing for the past two
+     weeks and he had heard of it. He is now the Secretary of the Navy!
+     I had challenged him to a joint discussion and he had declined. He
+     was a Confederate soldier and so was I. I had lost a leg and he had
+     lost the use of an arm, but nothing of this kind could stand in the
+     way of his ambition. I never had any doubt but that he and his
+     henchmen instigated this cowardly assault upon me. Last year, most
+     of my speeches were made in the 'white counties' where our friends
+     are largely in the majority. I went to Union Springs, in Bullock
+     county,--a 'black county'--to engage the Hon. W. C. Oates in a
+     joint debate. He declined and I made no attempt to speak. As I was
+     leaving on the train from the depot that night, I was honored with
+     a shower of eggs coming through the car window at which I was
+     sitting. They passed within a few inches of my nose and breaking on
+     the other side of the car, fell on the good clothes of an
+     enthusiastic Democrat. Of course he was mad, while I was in the
+     best possible humor. I did the laughing and he did the swearing. It
+     took place as the train moved off, so that there was no chance to
+     investigate who the parties were. They were under the cover of
+     darkness, and doubtless will there remain."
+
+     "Most respectfully,
+         J. M. WHITEHEAD."
+
+"They are under the cover of darkness, and doubtless will there remain."
+What manner of Democracy (?) is this, which forms a prominent part of
+the nation's administration--even entering the make-up of the cabinet of
+the President! It is no surprise that an opposition cause to such a
+party as this Democracy (?) would dare to undergo the most trying
+difficulties in its struggle to maintain freedom of speech and to
+sustain human liberty; it is no wonder that the Southern champions of
+reform dare to preserve law, protect home and have honest government.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+ELECTION METHODS OF THE DEMOCRATS.
+
+
+"Bourbon" campaign intolerance, ballot-box stuffing and other similar
+crimes against human liberty have become a common practice in the
+political contests in Alabama. It is said frequently by the opposition
+in this state that one's skill in fraudulent election manipulation wins
+promotion in the councils of the Democratic party. It is also not untrue
+that voters who have been accomplices in perpetrating election frauds
+have been rewarded with official positions "on account of efficient
+services rendered the party."
+
+The election law in Alabama was framed for facilitating fraud as an
+alleged necessity for protection from negro supremacy. But, once having
+secured the "machine," the "bosses" have taken advantage of this
+"original purpose," and have carried the practice of stealing ballots so
+far as to feloniously take white men's votes in order to preserve the
+"machine" intact. This practice has been carried out to such an
+outrageous extent that an overwhelming majority of "white" ballots have
+frequently been reversed by the "machine bosses" in order to continue
+the evolution of the office-holding hierarchy. The original ballot-box
+stuffing law has been recently displaced by another equally as
+iniquitous. This new law was enacted at the last session of the
+Legislature and is known as the "Sayre Election Bill." As fair and able
+criticism that has been made of this bill appeared in the _Alliance
+Herald_, Montgomery, Ala., edited by Frank Baltzell, one of the ablest
+and most forcible writers in the South. The _Alliance Herald_ says of
+this measure:
+
+     "The law should be captioned, 'A Bill to be entitled an Act to
+     Perpetuate the Frauds which have heretofore been practiced in
+     Alabama.' It is very ingenious in its draft, very adroit in its
+     omissions and very mischievous in its operations. The principal
+     idea in the bill is that it absolutely puts the control of
+     elections in this state into the control of the inspectors of
+     elections, by making everything about voting so hedged about by
+     secrecy that it is impossible to ever get the evidence of any fraud
+     that may be committed, and by making them the absolute directors
+     and controllers of those who may not be able to read and write. The
+     principal omission of the bill is that it does not provide for the
+     appointment of inspectors from each party or faction, or rather
+     fails to make provision for the enforcement of the existing section
+     in the code which provides for it, effective and certain to be
+     enforced. All the frauds in the elections are due to that defect.
+     The probate judge, clerk and sheriff do not pretend to enforce the
+     law fairly. Appeal to the courts to secure enforcement is a farce,
+     as appeal from the decision of the court delays the application of
+     the remedy, if the supreme court should order it, until after the
+     election shall be past. Each party or faction should be guaranteed,
+     under a heavy penalty upon these officers, fair and just
+     representation in the management, by having at least one inspector
+     and one clerk--those, too, whose names shall be suggested; for to
+     appoint one ignorant, careless or indifferent inspector, to watch
+     two inspectors and two clerks, is folly. The average ballot-box
+     stuffer can count out every time, when that is done. One man is
+     needed to watch the one who reads the ballot, and another to watch
+     the clerks. Without these two, the 'slick' artist can count out
+     every time. This omission in the bill makes it safer than the
+     present law, for a voter can now keep a list, and those of his
+     party can give their names and voluntarily tell him for whom they
+     voted, and thereby afford evidence available in a contest. This
+     bill purposely does away with this right by putting all the power
+     in the hands of the inspectors and keeping everybody fifty feet
+     away from any evidence whatever. The law is almost wholly devoted
+     to how voting shall be done. Nobody is concerned about that.
+     Everybody wants to know how the counting will be done, or how the
+     stuffing will be prevented. That power is kept securely in the
+     hands of the inspectors, and the inspectors' appointment is equally
+     as firmly kept in the hands of the judge of probate, clerk and
+     sheriff. That may seem a very adroit way of perpetuating fraud, but
+     it is neither smart, shrewd nor fair.
+
+     "The law provides for booths or stalls--one for each fifty voters as
+     shown by the preceding election. One voter at a time gets a ticket
+     from an inspector, goes into the booth and is allowed five minutes
+     to prepare his ticket. If he cannot read or use his hands to make a
+     cross mark opposite each name of the candidate for whom he desires
+     to vote, the inspector appoints one of the partisans of his
+     party--not the voter's--to fix the ticket. He will fix it, too.
+     Nobody can see or hear what transpires between the voter and this
+     appointed manipulator. No penalty is provided for deceiving or
+     wrongly marking the ticket. All the frauds about that feature are
+     protected. When it is marked, the voter casts it. Why not number
+     it, so that it can be identified in case of contest or dispute?
+     That would prevent fraud, and is not wanted. No one is allowed
+     within fifty feet of the voting place nor the booths. There is
+     great particularity about the way the ticket shall be prepared, and
+     none shall be voted unless they shall have the initials of the
+     inspector who hands them out, on the ticket. Any other ticket, if
+     voted, shall not be counted. There is another chance for fraud.
+     Suppose the inspector refuses to mark his initials on the tickets,
+     there is no penalty and each one can refuse and defeat the
+     election.
+
+     "The law requires the registration of voters to be completed the
+     first twelve days in June, before the August and November
+     elections. Before registering for each election, the voter must
+     present his poll-tax receipt. When he registers he gets a
+     registration certificate. When he votes he must present this
+     registration certificate and leave it with the inspector. The way
+     is not plain how it will get back to him, when he delivers it in
+     August and desires to vote in November, but it is supposed that he
+     will have a slim or good chance at that, as he shall be in accord
+     or opposition to the officer who ought to return it. If the
+     registrar fails to act after he shall be appointed, there is no way
+     for the voters of the beat to register that year; the probate judge
+     and registrar can manage that little trick so as to disfranchise
+     all the opposition beats with heavy majorities. The probate judge
+     can appoint another, but there is no penalty for not serving nor
+     for the appointment of an incompetent registrar. That feature is
+     well fixed. The bill provides penalties for everything to protect
+     secrecy, but nothing to protect the honesty of the count. It seems
+     to proceed on the assumption that the principal thing about an
+     election is secrecy, and that the honest expression of the will of
+     the voters is not to be protected. The inspectors will fix that for
+     the party to which they belong and the probate judge will see that
+     no other party or faction has any chance or prospect. As a remedy
+     for the troubles now complained of in the state, the bill is wholly
+     at variance from everything needed. It simply puts in the power of
+     the probate judge, clerk and sheriff of a county the power to
+     control every election."
+
+The foregoing review of the "Sayre Election Law," is no more than a just
+exposure of a legislative document devised and enacted for the
+subversion of the will of the people. In other language, this law is
+nothing more nor nothing less than a legalized plot to commit treason
+against a republican form of government.
+
+With the registration of voters and the management of elections in their
+own hands, the "machine bosses" of the "black belt" never fail to return
+any majority "that is needed." As an instance of this corruption, let us
+refer to the vote of last August, and of last November, in some of the
+polling places in the "black belt" counties. In the city of Montgomery,
+when in fact less than 1,000 votes were cast in August, 3,561 votes were
+returned. Some weeks after the state election, one of the managers of
+election in Beat 5 in Montgomery county, stated to Captain Kolb that
+there were about 200 votes actually cast in this beat in the August
+election and that the Kolb ticket received over one hundred and fifty of
+them, and Jones the balance, but the returns gave Jones over four
+hundred majority! This statement was made to Captain Kolb unsolicited,
+and by a man who said he had voted for Jones, but was suffering from a
+punctured conscience on account of the wrong he had done the people of
+Alabama and himself, by assisting in ballot-box stuffing. Hundreds of
+similar cases that occurred in the August election may be given, where
+the ballot-boxes were not only stuffed, but the count reversed.
+
+During the session of the Legislature, at the time of the election of
+district court solicitors for the present term, a gentleman who happened
+to be in Montgomery at the time, found the following letter on the floor
+in the office of the Merchants' Hotel:
+
+     "HATCH., Nov. 8, 1892.
+
+     "MR. J. V. SMITH, Seale, Ala.:
+
+     "We are going to be 'snowed under' here to-day. Our only hope is to
+     be able to throw out the box. Write me by this P. M. mail the most
+     complete plan to do it. Would too many ballots in the box do it? or
+     which is best?"
+
+     "Yours, L. 3--3.--"
+
+The envelope which contained this interesting letter, was addressed "J.
+V. Smith, Esq., Seale, Ala.," and bears the postmark--"Hatchechubbee,
+Ala., Nov. 8, 1892." This letter revealed "election methods." Upon
+investigation, it was learned that Hatchechubbee is a small box of not
+over 300 votes and that it took two days to do the counting, and then, in
+spite of being "snowed under," the Democratic ticket claimed 79 majority!
+It is only ten miles from Seale to Hatchechubbee. At Oswichee, a beat in
+the same county of Russell,--in which is Hatchechubbee,--there were 74
+more votes in the box than were voters' names on the poll list. Just such
+"double-dealing" as this, no doubt, won Cleveland's majority in this
+county. It is useless to add that "J. V. Smith" is an office-holder. He
+was elected solicitor for the present term in the Third Congressional
+District. As to "L. 3--3.--" it will be noticed that the letter _C_ is
+third in the alphabet, which makes "L. 3.--3.--" when the letter _C_ is
+used in place of "3.--3." read "L. C. C." This "L. C. C., Hatchechubbee,
+Ala.," is quite partisan in his feelings and is very much disturbed in
+his sleep with nightmares of "negro supremacy!"
+
+"Doctoring" registration lists is an effective way of preventing boxes
+from being thrown out on account of not having enough names on the poll
+list. In some of the "black belt" counties these lists are very sacred,
+as they contain the names of many dead negroes and good coon-dogs. An
+ex-sheriff of Marion county stated to the writer that, in the discharge
+of the duties of that office several years ago, it became necessary for
+him to save his own life by killing a negro criminal, who had attacked
+him. The ex-sheriff said that the occurrence often came to his mind,
+which was full of regrets because of the affair. "However," said he, "I
+am now feeling easy over the affair, as upon examining the registration
+lists at the court-house a few days ago, I found the name of this same
+negro registered, and learned that he was voted for Jones."
+
+Many are the ways by which the Democratic party has overcome any
+opposition in Alabama. "Doctoring" registration lists, stuffing
+ballot-boxes, reversing the count, throwing out election returns, etc.,
+has been quite a pastime for the "machine bosses." And soon they will
+begin to realize "the cost of their game."
+
+Suppose the opposition party, which now has control of thirty-nine
+counties out of the sixty-six in the state, should resort to the
+shameful election tactics of the Democratic party! Who could picture
+the termination of such a result? Referring to such a revolutionary
+improbability, the _Alliance Herald_ says:
+
+     "When the thirty-nine 'white' counties shall commence to count, if
+     they should regard that as the last resort, the figures in a state
+     election would be as startling as amusing. Think of Dallas rolling
+     up 10,000 majority one way, and Etowah rolling up 12,000 for the
+     opposing ticket. Then let Montgomery roll up her 7,000 and see how
+     they would compare with Coosa's 7,000 or Cleburne's 5,000. Then let
+     Wilcox come serenely forward with her usual 6,000 and DeKalb call
+     her hand with 7,000. Lowndes, too, could bob up serenely with her
+     6,000 and Dale could 'see her' with as blossoming a rose of
+     innocence in a game she does not understand and show up 6,000. The
+     'white' counties have been holding aloof, until the tricksters
+     worked them in November, but they have found out a thing or two,
+     and if counting must be done they will startle the natives with the
+     unblushing character of what could be done. The 'black belt' had
+     best not force this competition. When Dallas kills 5000 'white'
+     votes in a 'white' county, by fraudulently counting that number of
+     negro votes in order to succeed, should the whites play for even,
+     it will not be difficult to divine what will be the result. The
+     _Herald_ does not advocate this sort of tactics nor does anyone in
+     the 'white' counties, but there is a great deal of silent thinking
+     about it. No one wants to do it; but if self-preservation shall
+     demand it to thwart the aggressions of the 'black belt,' just watch
+     and see how the innocent and guileless man can 'swear to conduct
+     this election for the best interests of the white people' and down
+     the 'black belt.'"
+
+But the writer thinks "self-preservation" will not demand such a course.
+This is not a time for such practices. The common people know it. They
+are determined to press forward their revolt against the party that gave
+birth to such revolutionary ideas. The common people of Alabama will not
+submit longer to such outrages. They are demanding, and, in the name of
+God and humanity, _will have_ a free and fair expression of their
+political will on the rostrum and at the polls.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+SUCCESS OF THE POPULISTS ASSURED.
+
+
+The people of Alabama will no longer vote the Democratic ticket simply
+because the "antediluvian" leaders say so. They will no longer be
+intimidated by party threats, or blindly driven by party lash, but they
+are going to have a good reason for so doing, hereafter, before casting
+their votes for the party which has been in power in Alabama for
+eighteen years, during the whole of which time the people have grown
+poorer and poorer and no measures have been adopted or suggested for
+their relief. The great masses of the people cannot again be forced to
+neglect more pressing interests to take issue on tariff reform only.
+While these people favor tariff reform they demand other more vital
+things as well, and they have formulated these demands into a party
+platform; and the brave and patriotic people who have the courage to
+maintain their convictions, will no longer be frightened from the issues
+they indorse, by threats of disrupting an existing political
+party,--especially when there no longer remains any necessity for
+keeping that party together.
+
+For what purpose are political parties organized and why do they
+continue their existence? The reading and thinking masses understand
+that there is but one answer: Political parties are formed to educate
+the people upon a proposed policy and to be instrumental in having such
+policy enacted into law as soon as the majority of voters favor and cast
+their votes for it. When the policy which brings a party into existence
+has become accepted as a proper theory of government and ceases to have
+any opposition, then the necessity of the political party itself ceases,
+for it has nothing else to accomplish. It is proper and usual, however,
+for such a party to continue its existence until some other living
+issues arise which demand the consideration of the voter. When this is
+done, one of the political parties which has accomplished its mission,
+should, by appropriate platform, present the issues of the voters of the
+country; or some new party having that object in view, should be formed.
+
+The Republican party was formed for the purpose of eradicating chattel
+slavery in America, opposed secession, and incidentally favored a high
+protective tariff to enable the United States Government to carry on the
+Civil War. The Democratic party in the South favored slavery and
+secession, and thus the issues were made. The Republican party established
+the objects of its organization and it is conceded that it was right, both
+in its opposition to slavery and secession, and hence the issues then
+dividing the old parties are now dead issues, leaving the only issue the
+incidental one of protection. The fundamental principles promulgated by
+Jefferson upon which the Democratic party was organized, have been
+instilled into the hearts of practically all Americans and no organized
+political party is necessary to maintain them. The issues formerly
+dividing the Democratic and Republican parties (excepting the tariff)
+are no longer in politics; and the political "bosses" of neither party
+can show why those who once opposed slavery and secession should remain
+as a separate political organization, and those who once favored it
+should remain as one also, while there are living issues concerning the
+welfare of the masses of the common people, about which no concern is
+manifested by either of the old parties.
+
+Had the Democratic party adopted the living issues and burning demands
+of the common people in its platform, and honestly advocated their
+speedy enactment into law, then it would be the party of the people. The
+rank and file of that party in the South and West does not express any
+marked disapproval of the principal demands for reform that are embodied
+in the platform of the People's party, yet, nine-tenths of the voters of
+the Democratic party are controlled adversely to their political belief
+by one-tenth--the Wall Street or Eastern portion. And, as S. S. King,
+Esq., a noted reform author, has said, "Whistling against the wind in
+the effort to drown the fury of the tempest, has always been as
+effectual as the effort of Western and Southern Democracy to reform in
+the face of Wall Street dictation." Unfortunately for the Democratic
+party, it has been controlled by this un-Democratic Eastern end of
+itself until the importunings of the common people of the West and
+South have been ignored. The thunder of the "Tammany tiger" having
+drowned the appeals of the Western and Southern producers, they have
+been forced to present their demands by independent political action,
+and the People's party was necessarily the result; and if these people
+have the courage and manhood to stand firm to their convictions, and to
+resist the "party lash" which the "machine bosses" will of course
+continue to vigorously apply, there can be no question as to its success
+in Alabama.
+
+First and foremost, however, before the strength of any new issues can
+even be tested in this state, the "machine bosses" who have reigned
+supreme in Alabama for the last nineteen years must be dethroned. In the
+name of Democracy they have perverted every principle which the word
+represents, and by "bulldozing" and fraud, have constantly thwarted the
+will of the people at the ballot-box. They have inaugurated methods as
+corrupt and revolutionary as their despotic minds could conceive, that
+their dominancy of the common people, might be perpetuated with ease;
+they have shaken the very foundation of the sacred covenant of liberty,
+broken the peace, blighted the prosperity and threatened the homes of
+the people; they have also hastened the time when all good,
+liberty-loving and truly democratic citizens of this state must unite in
+re-establishing the fact that they are the equals of the "machine
+bosses," and that a majority should rule. When this is established in
+fact as well as in theory, then, and not until then, will the demands of
+the people, which are favored by a majority of the people, be enacted
+into law. Whether favoring or opposing the demands of the common people,
+all honest citizens should unite in an effort to secure to those
+favoring them, the right to have the issues that come before the people
+fairly tested by a free ballot and a fair count of the votes polled.
+Anything else is slavery, which will not be submitted to by the common
+people of Alabama. In the language of the greatest Alabamian of to-day,
+Capt. R. F. Kolb, the grandest Commoner of them all, whose every impulse
+is actuated by a desire to do service to his downtrodden fellow men:
+
+"The common people of Alabama believe that democracy means that the
+people shall rule. They now feel that a few political 'bosses' are
+undertaking to overthrow a republican form of government in this state.
+I warn the 'machine bosses' to stop and reflect. Don't trifle with these
+people longer. Let justice be done and sweet Peace will again spread her
+white wings over our beloved state."
+
+
+
+
+      *      *      *      *      *
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's note:
+
+Text in italics is enclosed by underscores (_italics_).
+
+Punctuation has been corrected without note.
+
+The following misprints have been corrected:
+  "manmer" corrected to "manner" (page 14)
+  "addresed" corrected to "addressed" (page 34)
+  "day" corrected to "days" (page 34)
+  "the the" corrected to "the" (page 37)
+
+
+
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+<title>The Project Gutenberg eBook of Politics of Alabama, by J. C. (Joseph Columbus) Manning</title>
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+<h1>The Project Gutenberg eBook, Politics of Alabama, by J. C. (Joseph
+Columbus) Manning</h1>
+<pre>
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at <a href = "http://www.gutenberg.org">www.gutenberg.org</a></pre>
+<p>Title: Politics of Alabama</p>
+<p>Author: J. C. (Joseph Columbus) Manning</p>
+<p>Release Date: October 21, 2010  [eBook #34111]</p>
+<p>Language: English</p>
+<p>Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1</p>
+<p>***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK POLITICS OF ALABAMA***</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h4>E-text prepared by the Online Distributed Proofreading Team<br />
+    (<a href="http://www.pgdp.net">http://www.pgdp.net</a>)<br />
+    from page images generously made available by<br />
+    Internet Archive/American Libraries<br />
+    (<a href="http://www.archive.org/details/americana">http://www.archive.org/details/americana</a>)</h4>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<table border="0" style="background-color: #ccccff;margin: 0 auto;" cellpadding="10">
+  <tr>
+    <td valign="top">
+      Note:
+    </td>
+    <td>
+      Images of the original pages are available through
+      Internet Archive/American Libraries. See
+      <a href="http://www.archive.org/details/politicsofalabam00mann">
+      http://www.archive.org/details/politicsofalabam00mann</a>
+	</td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<h2>POLITICS OF ALABAMA</h2>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center"><b>BY J. C. MANNING</b></p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center">PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p class="center"><span class="smcap">Copyright</span>, 1893,<br /><span class="smcap">By</span> J. C. Manning.</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p class="center"><i>All Rights Reserved.</i></p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr style="width: 50%;" />
+<h2>DEDICATION.</h2>
+
+<p class="note">To the patriotic people of Alabama who demand &#8220;a free ballot and a fair
+count,&#8221; and believe in honest government, this little book is
+fraternally dedicated by the author.</p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p>
+<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/frontis.jpg" alt="Fraternally yours, J. C. Manning" /></div>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr style="width: 50%;" />
+<h2>CONTENTS.</h2>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="5" summary="table">
+<tr><td align="center"><a href="#CHAPTER_I">CHAPTER I.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center"><span class="smcap">The Famous Kolb-Jones Gubernatorial Contest</span>.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center"><a href="#CHAPTER_II">CHAPTER II.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center"><span class="smcap">The Democratic Party one of Prejudice</span>.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center"><a href="#CHAPTER_III">CHAPTER III.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center"><span class="smcap">Different Kinds of &#8220;Party Lash&#8221; Crackers</span>.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center"><a href="#CHAPTER_IV">CHAPTER IV.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center"><span class="smcap">The Trouble of the Sixties</span>.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center"><a href="#CHAPTER_V">CHAPTER V.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center"><span class="smcap">Want Produces Thinkers</span>.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center"><a href="#CHAPTER_VI">CHAPTER VI.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center"><span class="smcap">&#8220;Bourbon&#8221; Campaign Intolerance</span>.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center"><a href="#CHAPTER_VII">CHAPTER VII.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center"><span class="smcap">Election Methods of the Democrats</span>.</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center"><a href="#CHAPTER_VIII">CHAPTER VIII.</a></td></tr>
+<tr><td align="center"><span class="smcap">Success of the Populists Assured</span>.</td></tr></table>
+
+
+
+<hr style="width: 50%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span></p>
+<h2>POLITICS OF ALABAMA.</h2>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_I" id="CHAPTER_I"></a>CHAPTER I.</h2>
+<h3>THE FAMOUS KOLB-JONES GUBERNATORIAL CONTEST.</h3>
+
+<p><br />Until recently, embracing the past several months, almost national
+attention has been centered upon the politics of Alabama.</p>
+
+<p>Notice was first attracted by the famous Kolb-Jones gubernatorial
+contest. This campaign was something novel in the South, for until then,
+there had not been, for years, any probability of defeat to the
+organized Democracy in Alabama.</p>
+
+<p>However, during the Kolb-Jones political fight, astute &#8220;organized&#8221;
+Democratic leaders soon expressed such grave apprehensions of the
+success of their ticket that, only a few weeks before the time had come
+for the state election (Aug. 1, 1892), Alabama was in the throes of such
+political excitement as had probably never before been known in the
+history of that commonwealth. This fervor increased up to the day of
+election, when, as is known to the entire country, Capt. R. F. Kolb
+swept the state with cyclonic victory, notwithstanding the fact that he
+was defrauded by the manipulations of the ballot-box stuffers,
+unscrupulous returning-officers and unprincipled members of
+canvassing-boards. Another man is to-day occupying the seat to which
+Captain Kolb is entitled, with the absolute acquaintance of the
+certainty of this statement, and with the perfect knowledge that a vast
+majority of the people of Alabama are fully aware that, inasmuch as he
+has assumed it wrongfully, he is unworthy of the trust. What a shameful
+and revolting spectacle!</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span>President Hayes was never more despised by the people of Alabama, than
+is Governor Jones by the common people of his own state.</p>
+
+<p>No better or more interesting recital could be given of the rightful
+claims of Captain Kolb, than is made in his open letter, written
+December 15, 1892, and addressed to the General Assembly and people of
+Alabama. In this letter Captain Kolb makes a demand for justice, gives
+well-known facts that are susceptible of proof, makes statements of
+particular frauds, and asks why an investigation of the matter is not
+permitted and the people allowed to choose their own public servants.
+The letter is as follows:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class="hang">&#8220;<span class="smcap">To the Members of the General Assembly of Alabama, and the People
+of Alabama</span>:</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;As I have so far been denied the official rights conferred upon me
+by a sovereign people, I deem it my duty to address this open
+letter to the members of the Legislature and people of Alabama, and
+respectfully ask for an impartial hearing. &#8216;Let justice be done,
+though the heavens fall.&#8217; On the 1st of December, 1892, a
+conscienceless and corrupt oligarchy overturned the republican form
+of government in Alabama, and installed as the <i>de facto</i> governor,
+a man who was not elected to the office. I feel that I am airing no
+mere private or personal grievance in thus protesting against and
+denouncing this great crime against law, order and civil liberty. I
+would be an unfaithful steward and unworthy of the sacred trust
+confided to me by the people of Alabama at the polls in August
+last, if I remained silent under the circumstances. Two years ago
+the Democratic party, in convention assembled, refused to nominate
+for governor the acknowledged choice of a majority of the party.
+For the sake of harmony, I bided my time for another two years,
+believing that the people would then rise in their majesty and
+throw off the tyrannous yoke of party bosses. On the 8th of June
+last, the Democratic party again assembled in state convention, to
+nominate candidates for governor and other state officers, and for
+a second time, the rights and wishes of the people were over-ridden
+by fraud and the unfair use of party machinery in the election of
+delegates thereto. My friends did everything in their power to
+bring about a fair and honorable settlement of all differences
+existing between the two factions of the Democratic party in the
+state. All overtures in this direction were treated with scorn and
+derision by the so-called &#8216;organized&#8217; Democracy, and we were forced
+to organize our own state convention, which was composed
+exclusively of life-long <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span>Democrats. This convention nominated a
+full state ticket and appealed to the justice-loving hearts of the
+true, sovereign people of Alabama, for their verdict on the first
+Monday in August. The issues between the two factions of the party
+were fully presented by both sides of the controversy, in the most
+memorable campaign ever known in the political history of the
+state. On the first Monday in August, the people spoke at the
+ballot-box in thunder tones and declared that the ticket headed by
+myself for governor, received a majority of over 45,000 of the
+votes cast, fully 25,000 of that majority being white voters. By
+frauds and manipulations on the part of election managers and
+county returning-boards in many counties of the state, this true
+majority of 45,000 for myself for governor, was changed into a
+fictitious majority of about 11,000 for Thomas G. Jones. This state
+of facts was admitted to be true for weeks after the election by
+prominent supporters of Governor Jones throughout the state, who
+did not hesitate to say that the Legislature, when it convened,
+would provide for a prompt and impartial investigation of the
+frauds alleged to have been committed, and would declare who was
+rightfully entitled to the office of governor. Governor Jones
+himself is on record as having used the following language on the
+subject, in an interview with Mr. Chappel Cory, editor of the
+Birmingham <i>Age-Herald</i>, on August 21, 1892:</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;&#8216;If I am not fairly elected I do not want the office. I intend to
+renew my recommendation, made in February, 1891, to the ensuing
+General Assembly, to pass laws to provide for contests before the
+General Assembly, for governor and the other state offices. There
+can be no doubt that such a law will be passed. You may say further
+that if the limited session allowed by the constitution will not
+give sufficient time to hear and decide such contests as may be
+brought, that I will not hesitate to convene the General Assembly
+in extraordinary session for the purpose. I have neither reason nor
+motive to use the power of the office of governor to hinder or
+embarrass investigation; but, were it otherwise, consecration to
+this great trust would leave me no room for doubt as to the pathway
+of duty and honor, when the happiness and contentment of the people
+lay in the balance against partisan success or personal triumph.&#8217;
+Commenting on this interview with Governor Jones, the <i>Age-Herald</i>
+said editorially: &#8216;There is now no reason why every honest man
+should not adjourn the discussion of the gubernatorial issue until
+the meeting of the General Assembly. Certainly no honest-minded
+Democrat, however bitterly he may have fought for Captain Kolb, can
+find an excuse for keeping alive the fires of factional strife. The
+statement by Governor Jones, which we publish this morning, leaves
+nothing more to be said until the trial shall come up according to
+the<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span> law and the constitution. No settlement of a contest is
+possible except by the General Assembly, and the Governor says in
+plain terms it shall be settled and rightly settled. He goes so far
+as to say that if the constitutional limit of fifty days shall not
+give time for the determination of all contests, he will convene
+the General Assembly in extraordinary session for that purpose.&#8217;
+Thus, it is plainly apparent, that Governor Jones and his friends
+are pledged to provide for and abide by a legislative investigation
+and adjudication of the contest. Can Governor Jones and his friends
+afford not to keep their pledges? Will Governor Jones follow &#8216;the
+pathway of duty and honor,&#8217; or will he sacrifice both upon the
+altar of &#8216;partisan success and personal triumph?&#8217; On the occasion
+of his inauguration as the <i>de facto</i> Governor of Alabama, December
+1, 1892, in making an urgent appeal to the Legislature to largely
+increase the present rate of taxation, Governor Jones declared that
+&#8216;the Democratic party can dare to do right.&#8217; If he deemed it the
+duty of a Democratic legislature to increase the burdens of an
+already taxridden people, surely he can afford to recommend to this
+same Legislature the necessity of investigating alleged election
+frauds, which impugn the integrity of his title to the office of
+governor, and especially, when these frauds are not denied by his
+supporters or the press friendly to him. In other words, will
+Governor Jones &#8216;dare to do right,&#8217; in this grave matter, affecting,
+as it does, the rights of the majority of the sovereign people of
+this commonwealth and the perpetuity of a republican form of
+government in Alabama. Will the Legislature, now assembled on
+Capitol Hill, knowing as they do, that all honest and fair-minded
+men among their constituents demand an investigation, &#8216;dare to do
+right,&#8217; and enact a law which will insure that justice shall be
+done and a stigma removed, which will otherwise be a stain upon
+Alabama&#8217;s fair escutcheon forever? I believe the Legislature will
+rise above paltry partisan feeling, and that after becoming
+convinced of the wishes of their people during the Christmas
+recess, will return to the Capitol and effect a just and speedy
+settlement of this vital question. It has been charged that I have
+deserted the Democratic party. I repudiate the base calumny with
+the scorn of conscious innocence. The Democratic party has always
+been and always will be the party of the people, and the so-called
+&#8216;organized&#8217; Democratic party of Alabama has simply deserted and
+outraged the people. I am now, as I have ever been, true and
+faithful to the principles of Jeffersonian Democracy. I believe in
+and shall ever contend for &#8216;a government of the people, for the
+people and by the people.&#8217; There are men high in the councils of
+the so-called &#8216;organized&#8217; Democracy, who while admitting my
+election, declare that because I supported the electoral ticket
+nominated by the Lakeview convention, I should be denied even an
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span>opportunity to contest before the Legislature for the office to
+which I have been elected; and some go so far as to say that, had I
+not given such support, I would have been legally seated in the
+gubernatorial chair of Alabama, on the 1st of December, 1892. No
+sensible, or honest person will contend that my support of the
+Lakeview electoral ticket can affect the merits of my cause of
+contest or change the facts of the previous August election. For
+that support, I have no apologies to make; for I followed the
+dictates of right and conscience. And besides, I could not
+consistently support the electoral ticket nominated by the
+convention of party bosses at the State-house, because such support
+would have been on my part an indirect indorsement of the frauds
+which I honestly believe were committed against me by these same
+party bosses and their henchmen, in the August election. For taking
+the position I did, it is proclaimed by my enemies that I am
+&#8216;politically dead in Alabama.&#8217; In reply to this, I would say that,
+when they undertake to lay me away in my political coffin, they
+will find that no amount of abuse and vilification will prevent my
+speedy and triumphant resurrection through the sovereign might of
+an outraged people. The political bosses are hereby notified that
+in the future, as in the past, I will ever be found battling for
+true Jeffersonian Democracy and the rights of the masses. In the
+meantime, thanks to a merciful Providence, being in fine health and
+feeling confident of the continued sympathy and support of my
+fellow citizens, I propose to fight now and fight ever until the
+banner of right and reform is planted on the dismantled fortress of
+fraud and usurpation.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;For the information of the members of the General Assembly, I
+desire to give some of the facts in detail, showing the truth of
+the charge that the state ticket headed by myself for governor was
+fraudulently counted out, in August last. My information in regard
+to these frauds is of the most authentic character, and I will be
+able to sustain, by convincing proof, every charge alleged. These
+election frauds, to which I call attention, will be startling
+intelligence to the people in the &#8216;white&#8217; counties of the state,
+who at present have no adequate conception of their extent and
+enormity. Let us first examine Governor Jones&#8217; own home county of
+Montgomery. Every well-informed person in Montgomery county knows
+and admits that the majority of 6,250 returned for Governor Jones,
+was a sham and a fraud. The same old methods were resorted to, that
+have been practised for years. The boast, openly made before the
+election, that our ticket would be &#8216;counted out,&#8217; was carried out
+to the letter. It is a known fact and publicly stated, that not
+over 4,000 votes, all told, were actually cast in the August
+election in Montgomery county, and that an honest count of this
+vote would give me <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span>not less than 1,500 majority. The return of
+3,561 votes, claimed to have been cast in the two beats of the city
+of Montgomery, every honest citizen knows to be untrue. I charge
+that there were not 1,000 votes actually cast in the two city
+beats, and all over that number counted were uncast ballots. The
+same is true as to the returns from nearly, if not all, the &#8216;black&#8217;
+beats of the county. Tickets for the Jones faction were substituted
+for those cast for the Kolb faction, and a large number of uncast
+ballots were counted for Governor Jones and his faction that were
+never voted at all. Uncast ballots were placed in the ballot-boxes
+and counted for Governor Jones purporting to have been cast by men,
+both white and colored, long since dead, and others by men who have
+not lived in the county for years. The poll lists on file in the
+office of the judge of probate, were either destroyed or stolen, to
+prevent copies being furnished, which would show these facts to
+exist. The vote of Montgomery county alone, honestly counted and
+returned as the votes were cast, would show a difference in my
+favor of not less than 7,700 votes. In other words, I carried the
+county by about 1,500 majority, instead of Governor Jones by over
+6,200 as the fraudulent returns show. The same state of facts
+exists as to Lowndes county&mdash;over 1,600 majority was returned for
+Governor Jones when, in fact, I carried the county by over 2,000
+majority. In many of the &#8216;black&#8217; beats hundreds of ballots cast for
+the Kolb faction were changed for those of the Jones faction, and
+hundreds more of uncast ballots placed in the ballot-boxes and
+counted for Governor Jones, that were never voted at all by anyone.
+The names of hundreds of dead men appear on the poll lists and
+ballots put in for them and counted for Governor Jones. When a copy
+of the poll lists was demanded of the judge of probate, which I
+charge would show these facts to exist, we were informed that said
+copy would be furnished the next day; but lo, and behold! when next
+day came, we were told that the poll lists had been stolen the
+night before. I charge that the vote of Lowndes, honestly counted
+as cast, would give me over 2,000 majority, instead of over 1,600
+majority for Governor Jones, as returned, which would make a
+difference in my favor of over 3,600 votes. The same facts exist as
+to Wilcox county. I charge that not over 3,000 votes were actually
+cast in this county in the August election, and if honestly counted
+I would have received a majority of not less than 500. Yet by fraud
+and ballot-box stuffing and holding back the returns for over a
+week after the election, a majority of over 4,300 was given to
+Governor Jones. An honest count in this county would show 4,500
+votes in my favor. But it was reserved to Dallas county to outdo
+all others, in the way of ballot-box stuffing and fraudulent
+returns, by which a majority of over 6,100 was figured out for
+Governor Jones. An honest count of the <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span>vote as actually cast would
+give me over 3,000 majority, making a difference of over 9,000
+votes in my favor, from this county alone. In Selma beat the
+returns show that 2,642 votes were cast, and a majority of over
+2,300 returned for Governor Jones. The facts are, that not
+exceeding 1,400 votes were actually cast in Selma beat, and fully
+600 of those cast were for the Kolb ticket. The census gave Selma
+beat a population of only 7,600, all told, and yet, they return
+2,642 of this population as having voted. One voter out of five is
+above the average of most populations, but Selma has found a way to
+manufacture nearly three voters out of every five of her people. In
+some of the &#8216;black&#8217; beats of the county, only thirty to forty votes
+were actually cast, by both white and colored voters, and yet the
+returns give from 400 to 700 majority from these beats, to Governor
+Jones. I charge that not as many votes were cast in the county of
+Dallas for both Jones and Kolb as the majority claimed for Governor
+Jones. The truth is, that Governor Jones did not actually receive
+over 1,300 votes, all told, in the county, and yet he is
+fraudulently given over 6,100 majority. In Perry county the same
+frauds and ballot-box stuffing were resorted to, and hundreds of
+dead men made to vote for Thomas Goode Jones. With an honest count
+of the vote of Perry as actually cast, I would have received a
+majority of over 500 votes, instead of a majority of over 1,800 for
+Governor Jones, as returned, which would make a difference of over
+2,300 votes in my favor. In Hale county, all will remember, that
+the first report received from that county after the election, gave
+me the county by over 1,600 majority, but the political bosses here
+urged them to hold back the returns and &#8216;doctor&#8217; them; that the
+&#8216;organized&#8217; ticket was in great danger and the &#8216;black belt&#8217; was
+expected to do her duty. Hale was equal to the emergency, and in a
+few days revised her returns and figured out over 1,200 majority
+for Governor Jones. I charge that the vote of Hale, if honestly
+counted, as actually cast, would give me a majority of over 2,500,
+which would be a difference of over 3,700 in my favor. The same
+irregularities occurred in Greene county, where a true majority of
+over 500 for me was changed into a fictitious majority of 500 for
+Governor Jones, showing a difference of over 1,000 in my favor. In
+Sumpter county my majority was fully 500 more than was returned for
+me, and about the same in Pickens; and in Marengo county, an honest
+count of the vote as cast would have given me the county by a safe
+majority, instead of 1,000 majority for Governor Jones as returned.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;In Macon county, by fraud and manipulations, a true majority of
+about 2,000 for me was reduced to a little over 700. In Bullock
+county, by frauds, manipulations and partisan abuses by county
+returning-boards, a majority of over 1,800 was given Governor Jones
+when, in fact, if he was entitled to any <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span>majority at all, it
+should have been less than 200. In Autauga county an honest count
+of the vote actually cast, would have given me the county by at
+least 500 majority, but by ballot-box stuffing and fraudulently
+counting-out votes cast for the Kolb ticket and substituting Jones
+tickets instead, a small majority was falsely returned for Governor
+Jones. In all these &#8216;black belt&#8217; counties a majority of the judges
+of probate, sheriffs and clerks, whose duty it was to appoint the
+inspectors of elections, were friends of Governor Jones, and in
+most of the counties, the rights of the Kolb faction were utterly
+ignored, and no friend of mine permitted to act as manager or clerk
+at any of the beats. Only at a few &#8216;white&#8217; beats, in any of these
+counties, were we allowed any representation. My political enemies
+were not satisfied with this great wrong done me in the &#8216;black
+belt&#8217; counties but invaded some of the &#8216;white&#8217; counties, and by
+fraud and manipulation in the beats, or by partisan action on the
+part of county returning-boards, on the Saturday following the
+election, robbed me of over 10,000 votes to which I was justly
+entitled. In Conecuh county I received a majority of 1,235 votes,
+and yet, by throwing out boxes and robbing others, this majority
+was all wiped out, and a false majority of 270 given to Governor
+Jones. In Pike county I received a majority of 910 votes and the
+returns from eleven beats, giving me large majorities, were thrown
+out or destroyed by the county returning-board, and a majority of
+55 given to Governor Jones. The contests in both of these counties
+(Conecuh and Pike) have been virtually decided in my favor by Judge
+Hubbard, in his decision in the contest cases for judge of probate
+in each county. His opinion, as rendered, being in favor of Dr. R.
+A. Lee, of Conecuh, and T. H. Brown, of Pike, both of whom were
+candidates for probate judge on the Kolb ticket. In like <ins class="correction" title="original: manmer">manner</ins>, as
+in Conecuh and Pike, I was robbed of over 1,000 votes in Butler,
+over 1,000 in Elmore, over 600 in Coosa, over 700 in St. Clair,
+over 700 in Shelby, over 100 in Chilton, over 1,000 in Talladega,
+over 500 in Walker, over 1,000 in Morgan and over 1,000 in Madison.
+I have given plain and unvarnished facts, as I believe them to
+exist, and positively assert that a fair and impartial
+investigation will prove every statement made, to be true. It may
+be asked why the evidence is not here adduced to prove these
+allegations. If adduced here, these same parties would say that it
+was all <i>ex parte</i> and that it would be controverted and destroyed,
+if both sides should be heard. Besides, they know that the details
+necessary to be recounted as to each beat in so many counties,
+would make a summary too voluminous to be incorporated in an
+address. All I ask is that a full, fair and impartial investigation
+shall be had and that a true judgment may be rendered. If Governor
+Jones and his friends are not afraid of truth, equity and justice,
+why do they refuse? <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span>If the effect would only be to remove a cloud
+from his title to the office, would he not gladly embrace such an
+opportunity? &#8216;But there&#8217;s the rub.&#8217; They well know that an
+investigation would disclose frauds and manipulations which could
+not be defended, and would prove his claim to the office of
+governor wholly unfounded upon right. That is why they dare not
+permit an investigation. That is why some of them talk so glibly
+what they would not dare to utter over their own signatures. That
+is why the Legislature has treated this matter with silence, while
+patriotic representatives of the people have urged and insisted
+upon action, so that justice might be done, and right triumph.
+Every honest man knows that Governor Jones has no shadow of claim
+to the office of governor. The people, by their votes in August,
+relegated him to private life for the next two years, and yet he is
+sitting up at the Capitol upon a lot of stuffed ballot-boxes from
+the &#8216;black belt,&#8217; and claiming his election. Some of his best
+friends have publicly declared that he could not afford to hold the
+office in the face of such fraudulent returns, and if he persisted
+in doing so, he would go down to posterity more despised than
+Rutherford B. Hayes. I am only contending for what is right. As a
+native-born citizen of Alabama, and one who has always endeavored
+to serve my people and state to the best of my ability, both in
+time of war and in time of peace, I feel that I have a right to
+demand that justice be done. Thousands of true men all over this
+great commonwealth honored me with their support in the August
+election, and in their name I demand of the Legislature, a prompt
+and impartial investigation of this matter. These people represent
+a majority of the white voting population and demand a respectful
+hearing. I beg you, members of the Legislature, not to mistake the
+temper of these people. Remember that a large majority of them have
+been life-long Democrats. While they don&#8217;t believe in, and never
+will submit to the domination of a few party bosses, yet they do
+believe in the time-honored principles of pure Jeffersonian
+Democracy. They have been the true, the tried and unflinching
+Democrats, who have heretofore fought the battles and won the
+victories of the party in Alabama. True to its noble cause, true to
+every great principle, and true to every demand of patriotism upon
+them, they have been in the fore-front of every contest when
+victory was won, and the firm and immovable, the true and faithful
+guardians of its cause, in every defeat we have ever sustained.
+Many of these people were gallant soldiers in the late war, and
+since 1865 have been battling for the Democratic party in Alabama.
+Many of them have reared sons, in whose breasts they early planted
+the principles of true Democracy, and taught them that it was the
+party of the people. They believe that Democracy means that the
+people shall rule, and that white <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span>people should govern Alabama.
+They now feel that a few political bosses are undertaking to
+overthrow a republican form of government in this state. I warn you
+to stop and reflect. Don&#8217;t trifle with these people longer. Let
+justice be done, and sweet Peace will again spread her white wings
+over our beloved state.</p>
+
+<p class="right">&#8220;R. F. KOLB.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Montgomery, Ala., Dec. 15, 1892.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Nothing but silence answers this scathing arraignment of the Democratic
+party of Alabama. The burning charges of corruption and robbery meet no
+rebuttal; none could truthfully be made. Many weeks after the
+publication of Captain Kolb&#8217;s letter, the Birmingham <i>Age-Herald</i>, of
+March 3, 1893, contained a remarkable editorial confession, headed:
+&#8220;That Political Pest,&#8221;&mdash;which may enable one to form some opinion of the
+sentiment of the average Jones Democrat regarding the Kolb-Jones contest
+and &#8220;dispute&#8221; over the election. This quotation from the editorial will
+prove quite interesting:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;Now the fact is that the Populists will fight the Democratic party
+in 1894 on the issue of the last August election, and their cry
+will be so many variations of the contest matter. The plain facts
+of this matter had as well be understood first as last. If Captain
+Kolb and the other gentlemen who ran on his ticket had supported
+Cleveland and held good their claims to being Democrats, a contest
+law would have been enacted. Public sentiment would have compelled
+it, and the dispute over the election would have been legally
+settled, and in all probability Governor Jones would have been
+governor just as he is now. But when Captain Kolb and his fellow
+candidates on his state ticket, went bodily over to Mr. Harrison
+and conspired with Chris Magee, public sentiment revolted. From
+that moment all possibility of a contest law vanished. The
+organized Democracy would not hear to yielding an inch of ground,
+and all the influence of Governor Jones himself could not have
+availed to procure a contest law from the Legislature. That is a
+plain statement of fact. That is the shape it will assume in 1894.
+In the meanwhile, if we begin the campaign already, how are we
+going to have any rest?&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>As is easily apparent from reading the foregoing editorial, the
+principal excuse of the &#8220;machine bosses&#8221; as to why the office of
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span>governor was stolen from Captain Kolb, is &#8220;because he did not support
+Cleveland!&#8221; This silly twaddle about Captain Kolb going over to
+Harrison, is just such nonsensical stuff as the average of Alabama
+Democratic editors deem fit to feed the Democratic &#8220;gods and little
+fishes&#8221; on. What other available matter have they, when truth, right and
+reason have forever departed from their sanctums and from their cause?</p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr style="width: 50%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_II" id="CHAPTER_II"></a>CHAPTER II.</h2>
+<h3>THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY ONE OF PREJUDICE.</h3>
+
+<p><br />Excepting those who have resided in the South, few people outside have
+any true conception whatever, of what means a contest against the fixed
+ideas and established policies of the ruling element in this section.
+Not until recently have the searching currents of thought inundated, to
+a great and perceptible extent, the foundations of bitter prejudice that
+have been the main basis of the monster political structure which has
+towered in its glory in the South since the days of reconstruction. For
+a long time, few there were who would dare to revolt against its
+darkened walls, lest they might forever be driven from the shadow of its
+wings.</p>
+
+<p>It is no idle charge that is embodied in the frequent statement that the
+&#8220;par&#8221; prejudiced Democratic politicians in Alabama will adopt any
+method, foul or fair, <i>especially foul</i>, that may perpetuate the control
+of that party, in this state. And it has been the dire dread of becoming
+a victim of just such venomous partisans as these that has awed aspiring
+men of this state into party line and once made it seriously doubtful
+whether any able man would jeopardize his political prospects by being
+so bold as to stand out in opposition to the &#8220;Democracy (?) of Alabama,&#8221;
+and its shadowy practices, which Southern young men have been taught by
+gray-haired parents to believe justifiable.</p>
+
+<p>When, for once, the prejudice of the leaders and the animosity of the
+rabble of the Democratic party is fully aroused and incited against any
+person who would ally himself with the opposition, then the subject of
+this ardent persecution may expect that never will he, nor his seed, go
+forgotten by an unrelenting foe, until such prejudice-bearing life is
+extinguished.</p>
+
+<p>The time has been when Alabama Democrats would not concede it a right
+for a Southern voter to be anything else than a &#8220;booster&#8221; <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span>for the
+&#8220;machine bosses.&#8221; The privilege to oppose the Democratic
+party&mdash;considering the treatment accorded those who lately antagonized
+that party in the South&mdash;is generally supposed by &#8220;Bourbons&#8221; not to
+exist, even now.</p>
+
+<p>During the heat of political campaigns,&mdash;and especially was it the case
+in Alabama last year,&mdash;every imaginable pressure is brought to bear upon
+those who do not see fit to support the Democratic ticket. Ostracism is
+practised in both social and business life. Merchants withhold supplies
+from farmers, wealthy landlords threaten the discharge of their tenants,
+and mortgage-holders talk wildly of foreclosures, to those who express a
+desire to exercise the right of franchise according to their own belief
+and as free men of a so-called free republic. In no other section of the
+country are such political forces as these exerted to so radical a
+degree, or is the &#8220;party lash&#8221; wielded with so tremendous a flourish.
+The &#8220;party lash&#8221; cracker must be devised so as to &#8220;drive them into
+line;&#8221; it makes no difference what the nature of the material may be, if
+its popping is fitting for the time and purpose.</p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr style="width: 50%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_III" id="CHAPTER_III"></a>CHAPTER III.</h2>
+<h3>DIFFERENT KINDS OF &#8220;PARTY LASH&#8221; CRACKERS.</h3>
+
+<p><br />The rank and file of Democrats in Alabama, until recently, have blindly
+drifted along, neglecting every interest. Thinking of nothing else,
+scarcely, than &#8220;machine boss&#8221; protection from the near approach of some
+highly-pictured prospective woe, ever since before the late war, when
+slaveholders waved the party lash and popped the cracker of &#8220;secession
+or ruin,&#8221;&mdash;until now, when the sons of ex-slaveholders, and others that
+form the &#8220;domineering bossism&#8221; in Alabama, pop the cracker of &#8220;Democracy
+or negro rule.&#8221; From the time when the &#8220;old plantation darkey,&#8221; hat in
+hand, stood humbly before his master to hear that he was no longer a
+chattel slave, until now, the &#8220;bulldozing&#8221; ex-slaveholding lord has
+&#8220;blowed&#8221; about the danger of &#8220;negro rule&#8221; and the sons of this class of
+office-holding hierarchy have as blusteringly echoed the farce. They
+failed to remember that it was the wrinkled hands of the old colored
+slave that were stretched out in protection over his master&#8217;s loved ones
+when the deadly flash and quaking thunder of battle threatened Southern
+homes, and they soon unkindly pictured them as demon clutches. There is
+no reasonable ground for fear of &#8220;negro supremacy.&#8221; It is the domination
+of the man with the black heart, without special reference to &#8220;hide,&#8221;
+that the yoemanry of Alabama must really fear. It is not the supremacy
+of the negro that curses, or may curse the white productive classes, but
+it is the supremacy of &#8220;machine bosses&#8221; who, through the fraudulent
+manipulation of the ballot-box in counties with a predominance of
+colored population, roll up fictitious and enormous majorities in order
+to defeat the will of the white people of other counties. This
+white-&#8220;hided,&#8221; black-hearted class, which has always popped the cracker
+of &#8220;negro supremacy&#8221; are now those who wrongfully dominate a majority of
+the white people of Alabama on account of <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span>stuffed ballot-boxes
+extravagantly based upon a negro population. The &#8220;antediluvian,&#8221;
+ex-slaveholding Democrat has talked much about this or that party being
+a &#8220;negro party,&#8221; but for a certainty this Pharisaical set can now see in
+their own &#8220;dear old Democratic party&#8221; in Alabama a full-fledged &#8220;negro
+party.&#8221; The Kolb-Jones election demonstrates this fact. Jones having
+received majorities in no other than &#8220;black belt&#8221; counties. Be it said
+to the credit of the &#8220;black belt&#8221; negroes, however, they protest that
+they did not vote for Jones and are amazed that the country has palmed
+the Democratic party of Alabama, and the responsibility for its
+existence, off on them. The national election in Alabama, a fac-simile
+of the state election, sustains the apparently dark complexion of that
+party.</p>
+
+<p>The &#8220;Force Bill&#8221; cracker is another very available &#8220;party lash&#8221; snap.
+Democratic campaign orators never fail to picture, in their denunciation
+of this hobgoblin, burly negroes guarding the polls with bayonets while
+timid white men come trembling forward to deposit their ballots. &#8220;Unless
+the Democratic ticket is elected, such a state of affairs will most
+certainly exist,&#8221; shouts the office-holder, and there are, even now,
+voters in Alabama who are simple enough to believe it. No party
+advocates or indorses a measure of any such provisions, yet the people
+of the South are told that a vote against the Democratic party means the
+support of just such a state of affairs, and if possible, something
+worse. It is argued by Democrats, that under such a perilous
+probability, no farmer could justly consider his empty pocket,
+poverty-stricken home, overworked and shabbily-clothed family, and
+poorly-educated children, &#8220;and go off to discussing the money question.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Until of recent years, the rank and file of the people in Alabama
+usually &#8220;kicked up the dust&#8221; in their terrible display of hostility to
+anything antagonistic to the Democratic party. In the meantime, the
+&#8220;machine bosses&#8221; wielded the &#8220;party lash&#8221; and popped the snap crackers
+over their heads; ingeniously playing upon their passions and
+prejudices, and always holding the offices.</p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr style="width: 50%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_IV" id="CHAPTER_IV"></a>CHAPTER IV.</h2>
+<h3>THE TROUBLE OF THE SIXTIES.</h3>
+
+<p><br />The people of Alabama were plunged into the bloody, surging sea of
+trouble in the sixties by the same extremist element in the South, which
+has more than once ruled more desperately than wisely, and is, in times
+of great emergency, scarcely conservative or sensible. The writer often
+imagines he can hear some of these same old blustering members of the
+ex-slave- and present office-holding hierarchy exciting the common
+people back before the sixties with their now &#8220;moss-covered&#8221; harangues,
+and wonders if some of the common herd could again be herded by these
+same herdsmen and be driven into another conflict of &#8220;a poor man&#8217;s fight
+and a rich man&#8217;s war.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>If it had not been for the rash domination of this &#8220;rule or ruin&#8221;
+element in the South at that time, there is no doubt but that &#8220;the war
+between the States&#8221; could have been averted, with far greater advantage
+to the people of this section.</p>
+
+<p>The masses of the people of Alabama were not at heart secessionists, but
+it is, as heretofore, unwritten truth that this state was seceded
+fraudulently by the original &#8220;machine bosses&#8221; who dictated the seating
+of the delegates in the &#8220;secession convention,&#8221; and who ruthlessly
+sacrificed the lives and property of the poor in a vain endeavor to add
+to the coffers of the rich landlord by further enslaving humanity.</p>
+
+<p>Reformers in Alabama are to-day fought hardest and persecuted most by
+the sons of the class of men who fought the poor white man during the
+late war and spoliated his meagre possessions, in order that the
+shackles might be kept on the ankles of the black man so the rich
+landlord could prolong his princely ways. Opposing the present movement
+for universal industrial freedom are represented those who have
+strangled Liberty at every stage of her growth, and who respect the
+needs of the poor white man now, as little as they did the wants of the
+poor slaves then.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span>The common people always fight all the battles in times of war, create
+all the wealth in periods of peace; but, whether in the battle of blood
+or the struggle for bread, they have never reaped a substantial benefit
+from either contest. They have been engaged in a prolonged, though
+varying struggle, all down the history of the ages, and greed and
+avarice have always sapped their energies and sucked their life-blood.</p>
+
+<p>Such is truly a too real recital of the actual experience of the Alabama
+citizen ex-soldier, as he now is in the ranks of &#8220;the common masses of
+the common people,&#8221; battling for bread with about as much hope of
+reaping a happy reward in this contest, as he had of winning a
+soul-swelling victory in that of the sixties. How sad is the narrative
+of the real life of the average Alabamian, who has always been loyal to
+the political leaders of his native state, worshiping even at the shrine
+of the name &#8220;Democracy,&#8221; but, after years of toil, privation and
+endurance, approaches the verge of eternity unable to bequeath a
+heritage of neither full-fledged liberty nor free-titled land to
+uneducated, homeless and hopeless children.</p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr style="width: 50%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_V" id="CHAPTER_V"></a>CHAPTER V.</h2>
+<h3>WANT PRODUCES THINKERS.</h3>
+
+<p><br />Some species of the brute creation open their eyes in nine days, but
+some of the poor, blinded and burden-bearing creatures of humanity
+scarcely ever succeed in getting their eyes fully open to the light of
+God&#8217;s blessed bestowals to mankind. Others soon realize the
+repulsiveness of the black shadows that enthrall them and bite the dust
+in anguish in their struggle to be free. And often, when higher reason
+fails to prompt one to action, unsatiated appetite constitutes a
+never-failing reminder. As necessity is the mother of invention, so is
+poverty productive of thought. The earlier one&#8217;s condition is reduced to
+want, the sooner will the thought &#8220;materialize into action.&#8221; Thus it is
+with the debt-ridden toiler, the farmless farmer and the produceless
+producer in their unrest in Alabama to-day. The general want has
+produced general thought. Thought has instituted inquiry. Investigation
+has inaugurated a revolt. The opposition to the Democratic party was, in
+this manner, born out of want. Term it the &#8220;third party,&#8221; or whatever
+you may choose, it is really a necessary party; and its growth will
+continue as long as the wants and demands of the neglected productive
+interests go unheeded.</p>
+
+<p>The ingenious old party leaders may appeal to the passions of some; the
+&#8220;Force Bill,&#8221; like Banquo&#8217;s ghost, may continue to &#8220;bob up;&#8221; the farcial
+cry of &#8220;negro supremacy&#8221; may again fill the air; but the wide-awake
+spirit is becoming prevalent, and these politicians, instead of being
+absorbed with the tar-<i>iff</i>, will soon be astounded at the tear-<i>off</i>
+from the Democratic party.</p>
+
+<p>The feeling of the usurer&#8217;s grasp is more likely, hereafter, to convince
+the possessor of the ballot of his duty, than will the artful arraying
+of one section by corporation talent. The presence of the legislative
+curse that makes the over-producing producer produceless, <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span>will, in days
+soon to come, more largely influence a vast majority of the citizens of
+this state in the exercise of their inalienable will, than will the
+Democratic hobgoblin of the farcial prospective (?) &#8220;Force Bill.&#8221; The
+appeal for education that comes from the innocent eyes of little
+children, as they caress a weary mother&#8217;s careworn face, shall soon
+carry more force of persuasion with the voter than will the bluster of
+office-seekers in their feigned warnings of &#8220;negro rule;&#8221; and the father
+will then seek to hand down to his children the magic wand that is
+dispelling brutishness from the face of all the earth.</p>
+
+<p>Thought having once inundated the passion-played Southern public mind,
+an awakening is begun, and, aroused to an appreciation of affairs as
+they exist, the rank and file of the people of Alabama are in an
+astounding state of agitation. Some idea of the extent of this unrest
+can be derived by recalling to mind the results of the last elections.
+This change in public sentiment, and attainments of the reform crusaders
+against the organized Democracy, will best be appreciated by an
+understanding of the campaign intolerance and election methods which
+have made the &#8220;Bourbon&#8221; historic, and which is fast making all those who
+believe in keeping sacred our free institutions, shrink from the support
+of men of such a party and a party of such methods and men.</p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr style="width: 50%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_VI" id="CHAPTER_VI"></a>CHAPTER VI.</h2>
+<h3>&#8220;BOURBON&#8221; CAMPAIGN INTOLERANCE.</h3>
+
+<p><br />The revolt of the common people of Alabama against the &#8220;machine bosses&#8221;
+is, simply speaking, a revolution against revolutionists; and the
+increasing strength of the former is rapidly developing the intolerant
+spirit of the latter. This savage-natured sentiment that has
+characterized the campaign policy of the Democratic party of the South
+in its treatment of the opposition, has often received the scathing
+criticism of many a caustic pen. Yet nothing too severe could be said in
+its condemnation.</p>
+
+<p>It is the most idle and hollow mockery for any writer or any newspaper
+to attempt to repudiate the rightful accusation, so long made, that the
+Democratic party in the South is responsible for the campaign
+intolerance that is practiced in this section. These outbursts of
+violence in the South and in Alabama are but the spasmodic ventings of
+an overwrought public sentiment that has been instilled and tutored by
+the press and leaders of that party ever since the war. In reality, not
+half has been told of the attempts at stifling free speech in Alabama.</p>
+
+<p>Although the entire record of the &#8220;Bourbon&#8221; element is indeed unenviable
+and astonishing, yet, never before in the history of Southern Democratic
+campaign ruffianism had this spirit reached the height of deviltry
+displayed during 1892, in Alabama. With organized rabbles at their back,
+and partisan courts at their faces, political bullies openly boasted of
+their lawlessness and engaged in their dastardly outrages defiant to
+morality, honesty, conscience or prosecution.</p>
+
+<p>During the last weeks of the Kolb-Jones campaign this barbaric nature
+was beginning to be fully drawn out; the most cowardly demonstration of
+its existence having first been made at Florence, Ala., where the writer
+was attacked at midnight, July 27, by a <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span>mob that had assembled at the
+depot to do him violence upon his departure from the town. The mob, as
+was stated by dispatches published in the Democratic press, consisted of
+&#8220;fifty enraged citizens.&#8221; The riotous crowd was incited and collected by
+partisans, for no other than a political cause; and had it not been that
+the writer succeeded in reaching the platform of the car unobserved, no
+doubt but that he would have been egged, stoned, or shot to death. The
+lights had been extinguished in the depot, which is located in a
+desolate part of the town, and every other arrangement was seemingly
+made for the doing of a dark and bloody deed. These villainous plans
+proved, however, to be advantageous to the writer, who escaped a
+brutally-designed assassination by getting on the platform of the car
+before the shower of missiles had commenced. The writer&#8217;s hat suffered
+ruin from the &#8220;indignation,&#8221; and a Memphis &amp; Charleston car was turned
+into the shops spattered and battered. Herewith is given a letter,
+referring to the Florence incident, and as its author is one of
+Alabama&#8217;s most eminent ministers, this document will prove valuable
+literature:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p><span style="margin-left: 10em;">&#8220;Study of <span class="smcap">L. F. Whitten</span>,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 12em;">Pastor M. E. Church, South.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 14em;"><span class="smcap">Jasper</span>, Ala., Aug. 1, 1892.</span></p>
+
+<p>&#8220;My dear Brother Manning:</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;As soon as I have the time, I hasten to tender to you my sincere
+sympathies for the barbarous and uncivilized treatment you received
+at Florence a few days since. The correspondent of the
+<i>Age-Herald</i>, who lives at Florence, saw &#8216;an amusing sight last
+night to see the boasted disciple of Kolbism, J. C. Manning, run
+from a volley of rotten eggs thrown by fifty enraged men.&#8217; He could
+have seen in this &#8216;amusing sight,&#8217; the return of the Spanish
+Inquisition and diabolic intolerance of barbarism, had he been able
+to look ahead. This was outrageous and inhuman treatment for which
+I assure you I am full of regrets. I am ashamed that it has
+happened in Alabama or the South. This spirit shown you, and the
+abuse heaped upon you, if not denounced and punished speedily, will
+culminate in the hottest persecution of an honest minority; which
+will prohibit free speech and destroy the right to oppose the
+majority, although that majority be led by the devil himself. <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span>If
+that spirit is not rebuked in our state and the righteous
+indignation of our people does not stamp it out swiftly, then the
+darkest days of the Rebellion will be bright as compared to those
+to follow. This spirit will invade the pulpit and go into the
+sanctum of the editor, and sermons will have to be pleasant,
+pacific and agreeable, and editors must agree with those in
+authority, or else the minister will be driven out of town, and the
+editor will be rotten-egged or swung up by the thumbs! If that
+comes to pass, then give me a monarchical government. I should
+greatly prefer to appeal to C&aelig;sar, than to an enraged mob of &#8216;fifty
+or more citizens&#8217; (?) fired up with red liquor, and thirsting for
+the blood of the man who differs from them,&mdash;a set of brainless,
+heartless sapheads. I heard a gentleman who saw it, denounce it as
+the most villainous thing he ever saw in a land of freedom. He does
+not belong to your party,&mdash;neither do I,&mdash;but he was for you. You
+keep on, if you die at your post. Mobs to-day, mausoleums
+to-morrow. The party that resorts to such tactics may ride the top
+of the wave to-day, but the good time is coming when that rotten
+and rum-soaked method will be buried out of sight under an
+avalanche of ballots of brave men, who scorn the rotten-egg method
+of answering brainy arguments, which &#8216;Bourbons&#8217; have not sense
+enough to meet in any other way. For my part, I do not believe in
+intolerance. The day has passed to allow it. God holds the reins of
+government. Life, liberty and free speech are our own inalienable
+rights. To destroy these, as the mobs would do, is to muzzle the
+press, kill the stump-speaker, and hang the preacher who does not
+court popular applause, and who defies public sentiment that is
+wrong.</p>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 12em;">&#8220;Cordially yours for the Right,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 16em;"><span class="smcap">L. F. Whitten</span>.&#8221;</span></p>
+
+<p>&#8220;P. S. I said I do not belong to your party. I am a political
+Prohibitionist, and pray for the day to dawn when the sober and
+sensible and honest manhood of our country may get together and
+rule it.</p>
+
+<p class="right">&#8220;L. F. W.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>Other instances of this frenzied partisan madness soon abounded. But the
+most wicked resort of Democratic party passion, be it said to its
+eternal shame, was made upon Col. J. M. Whitehead, editor of <i>The Living
+Truth</i>, Georgiana, Ala. Not content with destroying peace, planning and
+attempting midnight assassinations, hooting and howling at public
+meetings, these haters of civil liberty and &#8220;dying hard&#8221; Democrats come
+forth in <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[Pg 29]</a></span>their extreme infernalism, and hurl eggs at a gray-haired,
+one-legged, ex-Confederate soldier and citizen of irreproachable
+manhood. In response to a request for a statement on this subject, the
+writer received the following reply from Colonel Whitehead:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class="right">&#8220;<span class="smcap">Greenville</span>, Ala., April 3, 1893.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;J. C. Manning:</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;<i>Dear Sir</i>,&mdash;You ask me to write to you some of my experiences
+during the campaign last year with our friends, the organized
+Democracy. Knowing their methods so well, their &#8216;wild and woolly&#8217;
+ways did not surprise me. I had some experiences with them in 1884,
+when I was an independent candidate for Congress in this district,
+against Herbert. At Ross Hill, Covington county, I was set upon by
+their tools, who had been organized before to kill me. It was a
+miracle that the plan failed. As it was, I had an arm broken, a
+shoulder dislocated and was left for dead on the ground. I had just
+closed a speech in which I had exposed the unfaithfulness of their
+Congressman (the nominee), which I had been doing for the past two
+weeks and he had heard of it. He is now the Secretary of the Navy!
+I had challenged him to a joint discussion and he had declined. He
+was a Confederate soldier and so was I. I had lost a leg and he had
+lost the use of an arm, but nothing of this kind could stand in the
+way of his ambition. I never had any doubt but that he and his
+henchmen instigated this cowardly assault upon me. Last year, most
+of my speeches were made in the &#8216;white counties&#8217; where our friends
+are largely in the majority. I went to Union Springs, in Bullock
+county,&mdash;a &#8216;black county&#8217;&mdash;to engage the Hon. W. C. Oates in a
+joint debate. He declined and I made no attempt to speak. As I was
+leaving on the train from the depot that night, I was honored with
+a shower of eggs coming through the car window at which I was
+sitting. They passed within a few inches of my nose and breaking on
+the other side of the car, fell on the good clothes of an
+enthusiastic Democrat. Of course he was mad, while I was in the
+best possible humor. I did the laughing and he did the swearing. It
+took place as the train moved off, so that there was no chance to
+investigate who the parties were. They were under the cover of
+darkness, and doubtless will there remain.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 12em;">&#8220;Most respectfully,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 16em;"><span class="smcap">J. M. Whitehead</span>.&#8221;</span></p></div>
+
+<p>&#8220;They are under the cover of darkness, and doubtless will there remain.&#8221;
+What manner of Democracy (?) is this, which forms a <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[Pg 30]</a></span>prominent part of
+the nation&#8217;s administration&mdash;even entering the make-up of the cabinet of
+the President! It is no surprise that an opposition cause to such a
+party as this Democracy (?) would dare to undergo the most trying
+difficulties in its struggle to maintain freedom of speech and to
+sustain human liberty; it is no wonder that the Southern champions of
+reform dare to preserve law, protect home and have honest government.</p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr style="width: 50%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[Pg 31]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_VII" id="CHAPTER_VII"></a>CHAPTER VII.</h2>
+<h3>ELECTION METHODS OF THE DEMOCRATS.</h3>
+
+<p><br />&#8220;Bourbon&#8221; campaign intolerance, ballot-box stuffing and other similar
+crimes against human liberty have become a common practice in the
+political contests in Alabama. It is said frequently by the opposition
+in this state that one&#8217;s skill in fraudulent election manipulation wins
+promotion in the councils of the Democratic party. It is also not untrue
+that voters who have been accomplices in perpetrating election frauds
+have been rewarded with official positions &#8220;on account of efficient
+services rendered the party.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>The election law in Alabama was framed for facilitating fraud as an
+alleged necessity for protection from negro supremacy. But, once having
+secured the &#8220;machine,&#8221; the &#8220;bosses&#8221; have taken advantage of this
+&#8220;original purpose,&#8221; and have carried the practice of stealing ballots so
+far as to feloniously take white men&#8217;s votes in order to preserve the
+&#8220;machine&#8221; intact. This practice has been carried out to such an
+outrageous extent that an overwhelming majority of &#8220;white&#8221; ballots have
+frequently been reversed by the &#8220;machine bosses&#8221; in order to continue
+the evolution of the office-holding hierarchy. The original ballot-box
+stuffing law has been recently displaced by another equally as
+iniquitous. This new law was enacted at the last session of the
+Legislature and is known as the &#8220;Sayre Election Bill.&#8221; As fair and able
+criticism that has been made of this bill appeared in the <i>Alliance
+Herald</i>, Montgomery, Ala., edited by Frank Baltzell, one of the ablest
+and most forcible writers in the South. The <i>Alliance Herald</i> says of
+this measure:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;The law should be captioned, &#8216;A Bill to be entitled an Act to
+Perpetuate the Frauds which have heretofore been practiced in
+Alabama.&#8217; It is very ingenious in its draft, very adroit in its
+omissions and very mischievous in its operations. The principal
+idea in the bill is that it absolutely puts the <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[Pg 32]</a></span>control of
+elections in this state into the control of the inspectors of
+elections, by making everything about voting so hedged about by
+secrecy that it is impossible to ever get the evidence of any fraud
+that may be committed, and by making them the absolute directors
+and controllers of those who may not be able to read and write. The
+principal omission of the bill is that it does not provide for the
+appointment of inspectors from each party or faction, or rather
+fails to make provision for the enforcement of the existing section
+in the code which provides for it, effective and certain to be
+enforced. All the frauds in the elections are due to that defect.
+The probate judge, clerk and sheriff do not pretend to enforce the
+law fairly. Appeal to the courts to secure enforcement is a farce,
+as appeal from the decision of the court delays the application of
+the remedy, if the supreme court should order it, until after the
+election shall be past. Each party or faction should be guaranteed,
+under a heavy penalty upon these officers, fair and just
+representation in the management, by having at least one inspector
+and one clerk&mdash;those, too, whose names shall be suggested; for to
+appoint one ignorant, careless or indifferent inspector, to watch
+two inspectors and two clerks, is folly. The average ballot-box
+stuffer can count out every time, when that is done. One man is
+needed to watch the one who reads the ballot, and another to watch
+the clerks. Without these two, the &#8216;slick&#8217; artist can count out
+every time. This omission in the bill makes it safer than the
+present law, for a voter can now keep a list, and those of his
+party can give their names and voluntarily tell him for whom they
+voted, and thereby afford evidence available in a contest. This
+bill purposely does away with this right by putting all the power
+in the hands of the inspectors and keeping everybody fifty feet
+away from any evidence whatever. The law is almost wholly devoted
+to how voting shall be done. Nobody is concerned about that.
+Everybody wants to know how the counting will be done, or how the
+stuffing will be prevented. That power is kept securely in the
+hands of the inspectors, and the inspectors&#8217; appointment is equally
+as firmly kept in the hands of the judge of probate, clerk and
+sheriff. That may seem a very adroit way of perpetuating fraud, but
+it is neither smart, shrewd nor fair.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;The law provides for booths or stalls&mdash;one for each fifty voters as
+shown by the preceding election. One voter at a time gets a ticket
+from an inspector, goes into the booth and is allowed five minutes
+to prepare his ticket. If he cannot read or use his hands to make a
+cross mark opposite each name of the candidate for whom he desires
+to vote, the inspector appoints one of the partisans of his
+party&mdash;not the voter&#8217;s&mdash;to fix the ticket. He will fix it, too.
+Nobody can see or hear what transpires between the <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[Pg 33]</a></span>voter and this
+appointed manipulator. No penalty is provided for deceiving or
+wrongly marking the ticket. All the frauds about that feature are
+protected. When it is marked, the voter casts it. Why not number
+it, so that it can be identified in case of contest or dispute?
+That would prevent fraud, and is not wanted. No one is allowed
+within fifty feet of the voting place nor the booths. There is
+great particularity about the way the ticket shall be prepared, and
+none shall be voted unless they shall have the initials of the
+inspector who hands them out, on the ticket. Any other ticket, if
+voted, shall not be counted. There is another chance for fraud.
+Suppose the inspector refuses to mark his initials on the tickets,
+there is no penalty and each one can refuse and defeat the
+election.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;The law requires the registration of voters to be completed the
+first twelve days in June, before the August and November
+elections. Before registering for each election, the voter must
+present his poll-tax receipt. When he registers he gets a
+registration certificate. When he votes he must present this
+registration certificate and leave it with the inspector. The way
+is not plain how it will get back to him, when he delivers it in
+August and desires to vote in November, but it is supposed that he
+will have a slim or good chance at that, as he shall be in accord
+or opposition to the officer who ought to return it. If the
+registrar fails to act after he shall be appointed, there is no way
+for the voters of the beat to register that year; the probate judge
+and registrar can manage that little trick so as to disfranchise
+all the opposition beats with heavy majorities. The probate judge
+can appoint another, but there is no penalty for not serving nor
+for the appointment of an incompetent registrar. That feature is
+well fixed. The bill provides penalties for everything to protect
+secrecy, but nothing to protect the honesty of the count. It seems
+to proceed on the assumption that the principal thing about an
+election is secrecy, and that the honest expression of the will of
+the voters is not to be protected. The inspectors will fix that for
+the party to which they belong and the probate judge will see that
+no other party or faction has any chance or prospect. As a remedy
+for the troubles now complained of in the state, the bill is wholly
+at variance from everything needed. It simply puts in the power of
+the probate judge, clerk and sheriff of a county the power to
+control every election.&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>The foregoing review of the &#8220;Sayre Election Law,&#8221; is no more than a just
+exposure of a legislative document devised and enacted for the
+subversion of the will of the people. In other language, this law is
+nothing more nor nothing less than a legalized plot to commit treason
+against a republican form of government.</p>
+
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[Pg 34]</a></span>With the registration of voters and the management of elections in their
+own hands, the &#8220;machine bosses&#8221; of the &#8220;black belt&#8221; never fail to return
+any majority &#8220;that is needed.&#8221; As an instance of this corruption, let us
+refer to the vote of last August, and of last November, in some of the
+polling places in the &#8220;black belt&#8221; counties. In the city of Montgomery,
+when in fact less than 1,000 votes were cast in August, 3,561 votes were
+returned. Some weeks after the state election, one of the managers of
+election in Beat 5 in Montgomery county, stated to Captain Kolb that
+there were about 200 votes actually cast in this beat in the August
+election and that the Kolb ticket received over one hundred and fifty of
+them, and Jones the balance, but the returns gave Jones over four
+hundred majority! This statement was made to Captain Kolb unsolicited,
+and by a man who said he had voted for Jones, but was suffering from a
+punctured conscience on account of the wrong he had done the people of
+Alabama and himself, by assisting in ballot-box stuffing. Hundreds of
+similar cases that occurred in the August election may be given, where
+the ballot-boxes were not only stuffed, but the count reversed.</p>
+
+<p>During the session of the Legislature, at the time of the election of
+district court solicitors for the present term, a gentleman who happened
+to be in Montgomery at the time, found the following letter on the floor
+in the office of the Merchants&#8217; Hotel:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot">
+<p class="right">&#8220;<span class="smcap">Hatch.</span>, Nov. 8, 1892.</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;<span class="smcap">Mr. J. V. Smith</span>, Seale, Ala.:</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;We are going to be &#8216;snowed under&#8217; here to-day. Our only hope is to
+be able to throw out the box. Write me by this <span class="smcaplc">P. M.</span> mail the most
+complete plan to do it. Would too many ballots in the box do it? or
+which is best?&#8221;</p>
+
+<p class="right">&#8220;Yours, L. 3&mdash;3.&mdash;&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>The envelope which contained this interesting letter, was <ins class="correction" title="original: addresed">addressed</ins> &#8220;J.
+V. Smith, Esq., Seale, Ala.,&#8221; and bears the postmark&mdash;&#8220;Hatchechubbee,
+Ala., Nov. 8, 1892.&#8221; This letter revealed &#8220;election methods.&#8221; Upon
+investigation, it was learned that Hatchechubbee is a small box of not
+over 300 votes and that it took two <ins class="correction" title="original: day">days</ins> to do the counting, and then, in
+spite of being &#8220;snowed <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[Pg 35]</a></span>under,&#8221; the Democratic ticket claimed 79
+majority! It is only ten miles from Seale to Hatchechubbee. At Oswichee,
+a beat in the same county of Russell,&mdash;in which is Hatchechubbee,&mdash;there
+were 74 more votes in the box than were voters&#8217; names on the poll list.
+Just such &#8220;double-dealing&#8221; as this, no doubt, won Cleveland&#8217;s majority
+in this county. It is useless to add that &#8220;J. V. Smith&#8221; is an
+office-holder. He was elected solicitor for the present term in the
+Third Congressional District. As to &#8220;L. 3&mdash;3.&mdash;&#8221; it will be noticed that
+the letter <i>C</i> is third in the alphabet, which makes &#8220;L. 3.&mdash;3.&mdash;&#8221; when
+the letter <i>C</i> is used in place of &#8220;3.&mdash;3.&#8221; read &#8220;L. C. C.&#8221; This &#8220;L. C.
+C., Hatchechubbee, Ala.,&#8221; is quite partisan in his feelings and is very
+much disturbed in his sleep with nightmares of &#8220;negro supremacy!&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;Doctoring&#8221; registration lists is an effective way of preventing boxes
+from being thrown out on account of not having enough names on the poll
+list. In some of the &#8220;black belt&#8221; counties these lists are very sacred,
+as they contain the names of many dead negroes and good coon-dogs. An
+ex-sheriff of Marion county stated to the writer that, in the discharge
+of the duties of that office several years ago, it became necessary for
+him to save his own life by killing a negro criminal, who had attacked
+him. The ex-sheriff said that the occurrence often came to his mind,
+which was full of regrets because of the affair. &#8220;However,&#8221; said he, &#8220;I
+am now feeling easy over the affair, as upon examining the registration
+lists at the court-house a few days ago, I found the name of this same
+negro registered, and learned that he was voted for Jones.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Many are the ways by which the Democratic party has overcome any
+opposition in Alabama. &#8220;Doctoring&#8221; registration lists, stuffing
+ballot-boxes, reversing the count, throwing out election returns, etc.,
+has been quite a pastime for the &#8220;machine bosses.&#8221; And soon they will
+begin to realize &#8220;the cost of their game.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>Suppose the opposition party, which now has control of thirty-nine
+counties out of the sixty-six in the state, should resort to the
+<span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[Pg 36]</a></span>shameful election tactics of the Democratic party! Who could picture
+the termination of such a result? Referring to such a revolutionary
+improbability, the <i>Alliance Herald</i> says:</p>
+
+<div class="blockquot"><p>&#8220;When the thirty-nine &#8216;white&#8217; counties shall commence to count, if
+they should regard that as the last resort, the figures in a state
+election would be as startling as amusing. Think of Dallas rolling
+up 10,000 majority one way, and Etowah rolling up 12,000 for the
+opposing ticket. Then let Montgomery roll up her 7,000 and see how
+they would compare with Coosa&#8217;s 7,000 or Cleburne&#8217;s 5,000. Then let
+Wilcox come serenely forward with her usual 6,000 and DeKalb call
+her hand with 7,000. Lowndes, too, could bob up serenely with her
+6,000 and Dale could &#8216;see her&#8217; with as blossoming a rose of
+innocence in a game she does not understand and show up 6,000. The
+&#8216;white&#8217; counties have been holding aloof, until the tricksters
+worked them in November, but they have found out a thing or two,
+and if counting must be done they will startle the natives with the
+unblushing character of what could be done. The &#8216;black belt&#8217; had
+best not force this competition. When Dallas kills 5000 &#8216;white&#8217;
+votes in a &#8216;white&#8217; county, by fraudulently counting that number of
+negro votes in order to succeed, should the whites play for even,
+it will not be difficult to divine what will be the result. The
+<i>Herald</i> does not advocate this sort of tactics nor does anyone in
+the &#8216;white&#8217; counties, but there is a great deal of silent thinking
+about it. No one wants to do it; but if self-preservation shall
+demand it to thwart the aggressions of the &#8216;black belt,&#8217; just watch
+and see how the innocent and guileless man can &#8216;swear to conduct
+this election for the best interests of the white people&#8217; and down
+the &#8216;black belt.&#8217;&#8221;</p></div>
+
+<p>But the writer thinks &#8220;self-preservation&#8221; will not demand such a course.
+This is not a time for such practices. The common people know it. They
+are determined to press forward their revolt against the party that gave
+birth to such revolutionary ideas. The common people of Alabama will not
+submit longer to such outrages. They are demanding, and, in the name of
+God and humanity, <i>will have</i> a free and fair expression of their
+political will on the rostrum and at the polls.</p>
+
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr style="width: 50%;" />
+<p><span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[Pg 37]</a></span></p>
+<h2><a name="CHAPTER_VIII" id="CHAPTER_VIII"></a>CHAPTER VIII.</h2>
+<h3>SUCCESS OF THE POPULISTS ASSURED.</h3>
+
+<p><br />The people of Alabama will no longer vote the Democratic ticket simply
+because the &#8220;antediluvian&#8221; leaders say so. They will no longer be
+intimidated by party threats, or blindly driven by party lash, but they
+are going to have a good reason for so doing, hereafter, before casting
+their votes for the party which has been in power in Alabama for
+eighteen years, during the whole of which time the people have grown
+poorer and poorer and no measures have been adopted or suggested for
+their relief. The great masses of the people cannot again be forced to
+neglect more pressing interests to take issue on tariff reform only.
+While these people favor tariff reform they demand other more vital
+things as well, and they have formulated these demands into a party
+platform; and the brave and patriotic people who have the courage to
+maintain their convictions, will no longer be frightened from the issues
+they indorse, by threats of disrupting an existing political
+party,&mdash;especially when there no longer remains any necessity for
+keeping that party together.</p>
+
+<p>For what purpose are political parties organized and why do they
+continue their existence? The reading and thinking masses understand
+that there is but one answer: Political parties are formed to educate
+the people upon a proposed policy and to be instrumental in having such
+policy enacted into law as soon as the majority of voters favor and cast
+their votes for it. When the policy which brings a party into existence
+has become accepted as a proper theory of government and ceases to have
+any opposition, then the necessity of the political party itself ceases,
+for it has nothing else to accomplish. It is proper and usual, however,
+for such a party to continue its existence until some other living
+issues arise which demand the consideration of the voter. When this is
+done, one of <ins class="correction" title="original: the the">the</ins> political parties which has accomplished its mission,
+should, by appropriate <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[Pg 38]</a></span>platform, present the issues of the voters of the
+country; or some new party having that object in view, should be formed.</p>
+
+<p>The Republican party was formed for the purpose of eradicating chattel
+slavery in America, opposed secession, and incidentally favored a high
+protective tariff to enable the United States Government to carry on the
+Civil War. The Democratic party in the South favored slavery and
+secession, and thus the issues were made. The Republican party
+established the objects of its organization and it is conceded that it
+was right, both in its opposition to slavery and secession, and hence
+the issues then dividing the old parties are now dead issues, leaving
+the only issue the incidental one of protection. The fundamental
+principles promulgated by Jefferson upon which the Democratic party was
+organized, have been instilled into the hearts of practically all
+Americans and no organized political party is necessary to maintain
+them. The issues formerly dividing the Democratic and Republican parties
+(excepting the tariff) are no longer in politics; and the political
+&#8220;bosses&#8221; of neither party can show why those who once opposed slavery
+and secession should remain as a separate political organization, and
+those who once favored it should remain as one also, while there are
+living issues concerning the welfare of the masses of the common people,
+about which no concern is manifested by either of the old parties.</p>
+
+<p>Had the Democratic party adopted the living issues and burning demands
+of the common people in its platform, and honestly advocated their
+speedy enactment into law, then it would be the party of the people. The
+rank and file of that party in the South and West does not express any
+marked disapproval of the principal demands for reform that are embodied
+in the platform of the People&#8217;s party, yet, nine-tenths of the voters of
+the Democratic party are controlled adversely to their political belief
+by one-tenth&mdash;the Wall Street or Eastern portion. And, as S. S. King,
+Esq., a noted reform author, has said, &#8220;Whistling against the wind in
+the <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[Pg 39]</a></span>effort to drown the fury of the tempest, has always been as
+effectual as the effort of Western and Southern Democracy to reform in
+the face of Wall Street dictation.&#8221; Unfortunately for the Democratic
+party, it has been controlled by this un-Democratic Eastern end of
+itself until the importunings of the common people of the West and
+South have been ignored. The thunder of the &#8220;Tammany tiger&#8221; having
+drowned the appeals of the Western and Southern producers, they have
+been forced to present their demands by independent political action,
+and the People&#8217;s party was necessarily the result; and if these people
+have the courage and manhood to stand firm to their convictions, and to
+resist the &#8220;party lash&#8221; which the &#8220;machine bosses&#8221; will of course
+continue to vigorously apply, there can be no question as to its success
+in Alabama.</p>
+
+<p>First and foremost, however, before the strength of any new issues can
+even be tested in this state, the &#8220;machine bosses&#8221; who have reigned
+supreme in Alabama for the last nineteen years must be dethroned. In the
+name of Democracy they have perverted every principle which the word
+represents, and by &#8220;bulldozing&#8221; and fraud, have constantly thwarted the
+will of the people at the ballot-box. They have inaugurated methods as
+corrupt and revolutionary as their despotic minds could conceive, that
+their dominancy of the common people, might be perpetuated with ease;
+they have shaken the very foundation of the sacred covenant of liberty,
+broken the peace, blighted the prosperity and threatened the homes of
+the people; they have also hastened the time when all good,
+liberty-loving and truly democratic citizens of this state must unite in
+re-establishing the fact that they are the equals of the &#8220;machine
+bosses,&#8221; and that a majority should rule. When this is established in
+fact as well as in theory, then, and not until then, will the demands of
+the people, which are favored by a majority of the people, be enacted
+into law. Whether favoring or opposing the demands of the common people,
+all honest citizens <span class="pagenum"><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[Pg 40]</a></span>should unite in an effort to secure to those
+favoring them, the right to have the issues that come before the people
+fairly tested by a free ballot and a fair count of the votes polled.
+Anything else is slavery, which will not be submitted to by the common
+people of Alabama. In the language of the greatest Alabamian of to-day,
+Capt. R. F. Kolb, the grandest Commoner of them all, whose every impulse
+is actuated by a desire to do service to his downtrodden fellow men:</p>
+
+<p>&#8220;The common people of Alabama believe that democracy means that the
+people shall rule. They now feel that a few political &#8216;bosses&#8217; are
+undertaking to overthrow a republican form of government in this state.
+I warn the &#8216;machine bosses&#8217; to stop and reflect. Don&#8217;t trifle with these
+people longer. Let justice be done and sweet Peace will again spread her
+white wings over our beloved state.&#8221;</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p><p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 50%;" />
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p><b>Transcriber&#8217;s Note:</b></p>
+
+<p>Punctuation has been corrected without note.</p>
+
+<p>Corrected text is marked by a gray underscore. Hover the cursor over
+the text, and the nature of the correction will appear.</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<hr class="full" />
+<p>***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK POLITICS OF ALABAMA***</p>
+<p>******* This file should be named 34111-h.txt or 34111-h.zip *******</p>
+<p>This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:<br />
+<a href="http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/3/4/1/1/34111">http://www.gutenberg.org/3/4/1/1/34111</a></p>
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+The Project Gutenberg eBook, Politics of Alabama, by J. C. (Joseph
+Columbus) Manning
+
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+
+
+
+Title: Politics of Alabama
+
+
+Author: J. C. (Joseph Columbus) Manning
+
+
+
+Release Date: October 21, 2010  [eBook #34111]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-646-US (US-ASCII)
+
+
+***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK POLITICS OF ALABAMA***
+
+
+E-text prepared by the Online Distributed Proofreading Team
+(http://www.pgdp.net) from page images generously made available by
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+
+
+
+POLITICS OF ALABAMA
+
+by
+
+J. C. MANNING
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+Published by the Author
+
+Copyright, 1893, BY J. C. Manning.
+All Rights Reserved.
+
+
+
+
+DEDICATION.
+
+
+To the patriotic people of Alabama who demand "a free ballot and a fair
+count," and believe in honest government, this little book is
+fraternally dedicated by the author.
+
+
+
+
+[Illustration: J. C. Manning]
+
+
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+
+CHAPTER I. THE FAMOUS KOLB-JONES GUBERNATORIAL CONTEST.
+
+CHAPTER II. THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY ONE OF PREJUDICE.
+
+CHAPTER III. DIFFERENT KINDS OF "PARTY LASH" CRACKERS.
+
+CHAPTER IV. THE TROUBLE OF THE SIXTIES.
+
+CHAPTER V. WANT PRODUCES THINKERS.
+
+CHAPTER VI. "BOURBON" CAMPAIGN INTOLERANCE.
+
+CHAPTER VII. ELECTION METHODS OF THE DEMOCRATS.
+
+CHAPTER VIII. SUCCESS OF THE POPULISTS ASSURED.
+
+
+
+
+POLITICS OF ALABAMA.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER I.
+
+THE FAMOUS KOLB-JONES GUBERNATORIAL CONTEST.
+
+
+Until recently, embracing the past several months, almost national
+attention has been centered upon the politics of Alabama.
+
+Notice was first attracted by the famous Kolb-Jones gubernatorial
+contest. This campaign was something novel in the South, for until then,
+there had not been, for years, any probability of defeat to the
+organized Democracy in Alabama.
+
+However, during the Kolb-Jones political fight, astute "organized"
+Democratic leaders soon expressed such grave apprehensions of the
+success of their ticket that, only a few weeks before the time had come
+for the state election (Aug. 1, 1892), Alabama was in the throes of such
+political excitement as had probably never before been known in the
+history of that commonwealth. This fervor increased up to the day of
+election, when, as is known to the entire country, Capt. R. F. Kolb
+swept the state with cyclonic victory, notwithstanding the fact that he
+was defrauded by the manipulations of the ballot-box stuffers,
+unscrupulous returning-officers and unprincipled members of
+canvassing-boards. Another man is to-day occupying the seat to which
+Captain Kolb is entitled, with the absolute acquaintance of the
+certainty of this statement, and with the perfect knowledge that a vast
+majority of the people of Alabama are fully aware that, inasmuch as he
+has assumed it wrongfully, he is unworthy of the trust. What a shameful
+and revolting spectacle!
+
+President Hayes was never more despised by the people of Alabama, than
+is Governor Jones by the common people of his own state.
+
+No better or more interesting recital could be given of the rightful
+claims of Captain Kolb, than is made in his open letter, written
+December 15, 1892, and addressed to the General Assembly and people of
+Alabama. In this letter Captain Kolb makes a demand for justice, gives
+well-known facts that are susceptible of proof, makes statements of
+particular frauds, and asks why an investigation of the matter is not
+permitted and the people allowed to choose their own public servants.
+The letter is as follows:
+
+     "TO THE MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF ALABAMA, AND THE PEOPLE
+     OF ALABAMA:
+
+     "As I have so far been denied the official rights conferred upon me
+     by a sovereign people, I deem it my duty to address this open
+     letter to the members of the Legislature and people of Alabama, and
+     respectfully ask for an impartial hearing. 'Let justice be done,
+     though the heavens fall.' On the 1st of December, 1892, a
+     conscienceless and corrupt oligarchy overturned the republican form
+     of government in Alabama, and installed as the _de facto_ governor,
+     a man who was not elected to the office. I feel that I am airing no
+     mere private or personal grievance in thus protesting against and
+     denouncing this great crime against law, order and civil liberty. I
+     would be an unfaithful steward and unworthy of the sacred trust
+     confided to me by the people of Alabama at the polls in August
+     last, if I remained silent under the circumstances. Two years ago
+     the Democratic party, in convention assembled, refused to nominate
+     for governor the acknowledged choice of a majority of the party.
+     For the sake of harmony, I bided my time for another two years,
+     believing that the people would then rise in their majesty and
+     throw off the tyrannous yoke of party bosses. On the 8th of June
+     last, the Democratic party again assembled in state convention, to
+     nominate candidates for governor and other state officers, and for
+     a second time, the rights and wishes of the people were over-ridden
+     by fraud and the unfair use of party machinery in the election of
+     delegates thereto. My friends did everything in their power to
+     bring about a fair and honorable settlement of all differences
+     existing between the two factions of the Democratic party in the
+     state. All overtures in this direction were treated with scorn and
+     derision by the so-called 'organized' Democracy, and we were forced
+     to organize our own state convention, which was composed
+     exclusively of life-long Democrats. This convention nominated a
+     full state ticket and appealed to the justice-loving hearts of the
+     true, sovereign people of Alabama, for their verdict on the first
+     Monday in August. The issues between the two factions of the party
+     were fully presented by both sides of the controversy, in the most
+     memorable campaign ever known in the political history of the
+     state. On the first Monday in August, the people spoke at the
+     ballot-box in thunder tones and declared that the ticket headed by
+     myself for governor, received a majority of over 45,000 of the
+     votes cast, fully 25,000 of that majority being white voters. By
+     frauds and manipulations on the part of election managers and
+     county returning-boards in many counties of the state, this true
+     majority of 45,000 for myself for governor, was changed into a
+     fictitious majority of about 11,000 for Thomas G. Jones. This state
+     of facts was admitted to be true for weeks after the election by
+     prominent supporters of Governor Jones throughout the state, who
+     did not hesitate to say that the Legislature, when it convened,
+     would provide for a prompt and impartial investigation of the
+     frauds alleged to have been committed, and would declare who was
+     rightfully entitled to the office of governor. Governor Jones
+     himself is on record as having used the following language on the
+     subject, in an interview with Mr. Chappel Cory, editor of the
+     Birmingham _Age-Herald_, on August 21, 1892:
+
+     "'If I am not fairly elected I do not want the office. I intend to
+     renew my recommendation, made in February, 1891, to the ensuing
+     General Assembly, to pass laws to provide for contests before the
+     General Assembly, for governor and the other state offices. There
+     can be no doubt that such a law will be passed. You may say further
+     that if the limited session allowed by the constitution will not
+     give sufficient time to hear and decide such contests as may be
+     brought, that I will not hesitate to convene the General Assembly
+     in extraordinary session for the purpose. I have neither reason nor
+     motive to use the power of the office of governor to hinder or
+     embarrass investigation; but, were it otherwise, consecration to
+     this great trust would leave me no room for doubt as to the pathway
+     of duty and honor, when the happiness and contentment of the people
+     lay in the balance against partisan success or personal triumph.'
+     Commenting on this interview with Governor Jones, the _Age-Herald_
+     said editorially: 'There is now no reason why every honest man
+     should not adjourn the discussion of the gubernatorial issue until
+     the meeting of the General Assembly. Certainly no honest-minded
+     Democrat, however bitterly he may have fought for Captain Kolb, can
+     find an excuse for keeping alive the fires of factional strife. The
+     statement by Governor Jones, which we publish this morning, leaves
+     nothing more to be said until the trial shall come up according to
+     the law and the constitution. No settlement of a contest is
+     possible except by the General Assembly, and the Governor says in
+     plain terms it shall be settled and rightly settled. He goes so far
+     as to say that if the constitutional limit of fifty days shall not
+     give time for the determination of all contests, he will convene
+     the General Assembly in extraordinary session for that purpose.'
+     Thus, it is plainly apparent, that Governor Jones and his friends
+     are pledged to provide for and abide by a legislative investigation
+     and adjudication of the contest. Can Governor Jones and his friends
+     afford not to keep their pledges? Will Governor Jones follow 'the
+     pathway of duty and honor,' or will he sacrifice both upon the
+     altar of 'partisan success and personal triumph?' On the occasion
+     of his inauguration as the _de facto_ Governor of Alabama, December
+     1, 1892, in making an urgent appeal to the Legislature to largely
+     increase the present rate of taxation, Governor Jones declared that
+     'the Democratic party can dare to do right.' If he deemed it the
+     duty of a Democratic legislature to increase the burdens of an
+     already taxridden people, surely he can afford to recommend to this
+     same Legislature the necessity of investigating alleged election
+     frauds, which impugn the integrity of his title to the office of
+     governor, and especially, when these frauds are not denied by his
+     supporters or the press friendly to him. In other words, will
+     Governor Jones 'dare to do right,' in this grave matter, affecting,
+     as it does, the rights of the majority of the sovereign people of
+     this commonwealth and the perpetuity of a republican form of
+     government in Alabama. Will the Legislature, now assembled on
+     Capitol Hill, knowing as they do, that all honest and fair-minded
+     men among their constituents demand an investigation, 'dare to do
+     right,' and enact a law which will insure that justice shall be
+     done and a stigma removed, which will otherwise be a stain upon
+     Alabama's fair escutcheon forever? I believe the Legislature will
+     rise above paltry partisan feeling, and that after becoming
+     convinced of the wishes of their people during the Christmas
+     recess, will return to the Capitol and effect a just and speedy
+     settlement of this vital question. It has been charged that I have
+     deserted the Democratic party. I repudiate the base calumny with
+     the scorn of conscious innocence. The Democratic party has always
+     been and always will be the party of the people, and the so-called
+     'organized' Democratic party of Alabama has simply deserted and
+     outraged the people. I am now, as I have ever been, true and
+     faithful to the principles of Jeffersonian Democracy. I believe in
+     and shall ever contend for 'a government of the people, for the
+     people and by the people.' There are men high in the councils of
+     the so-called 'organized' Democracy, who while admitting my
+     election, declare that because I supported the electoral ticket
+     nominated by the Lakeview convention, I should be denied even an
+     opportunity to contest before the Legislature for the office to
+     which I have been elected; and some go so far as to say that, had I
+     not given such support, I would have been legally seated in the
+     gubernatorial chair of Alabama, on the 1st of December, 1892. No
+     sensible, or honest person will contend that my support of the
+     Lakeview electoral ticket can affect the merits of my cause of
+     contest or change the facts of the previous August election. For
+     that support, I have no apologies to make; for I followed the
+     dictates of right and conscience. And besides, I could not
+     consistently support the electoral ticket nominated by the
+     convention of party bosses at the State-house, because such support
+     would have been on my part an indirect indorsement of the frauds
+     which I honestly believe were committed against me by these same
+     party bosses and their henchmen, in the August election. For taking
+     the position I did, it is proclaimed by my enemies that I am
+     'politically dead in Alabama.' In reply to this, I would say that,
+     when they undertake to lay me away in my political coffin, they
+     will find that no amount of abuse and vilification will prevent my
+     speedy and triumphant resurrection through the sovereign might of
+     an outraged people. The political bosses are hereby notified that
+     in the future, as in the past, I will ever be found battling for
+     true Jeffersonian Democracy and the rights of the masses. In the
+     meantime, thanks to a merciful Providence, being in fine health and
+     feeling confident of the continued sympathy and support of my
+     fellow citizens, I propose to fight now and fight ever until the
+     banner of right and reform is planted on the dismantled fortress of
+     fraud and usurpation.
+
+     "For the information of the members of the General Assembly, I
+     desire to give some of the facts in detail, showing the truth of
+     the charge that the state ticket headed by myself for governor was
+     fraudulently counted out, in August last. My information in regard
+     to these frauds is of the most authentic character, and I will be
+     able to sustain, by convincing proof, every charge alleged. These
+     election frauds, to which I call attention, will be startling
+     intelligence to the people in the 'white' counties of the state,
+     who at present have no adequate conception of their extent and
+     enormity. Let us first examine Governor Jones' own home county of
+     Montgomery. Every well-informed person in Montgomery county knows
+     and admits that the majority of 6,250 returned for Governor Jones,
+     was a sham and a fraud. The same old methods were resorted to, that
+     have been practised for years. The boast, openly made before the
+     election, that our ticket would be 'counted out,' was carried out
+     to the letter. It is a known fact and publicly stated, that not
+     over 4,000 votes, all told, were actually cast in the August
+     election in Montgomery county, and that an honest count of this
+     vote would give me not less than 1,500 majority. The return of
+     3,561 votes, claimed to have been cast in the two beats of the city
+     of Montgomery, every honest citizen knows to be untrue. I charge
+     that there were not 1,000 votes actually cast in the two city
+     beats, and all over that number counted were uncast ballots. The
+     same is true as to the returns from nearly, if not all, the 'black'
+     beats of the county. Tickets for the Jones faction were substituted
+     for those cast for the Kolb faction, and a large number of uncast
+     ballots were counted for Governor Jones and his faction that were
+     never voted at all. Uncast ballots were placed in the ballot-boxes
+     and counted for Governor Jones purporting to have been cast by men,
+     both white and colored, long since dead, and others by men who have
+     not lived in the county for years. The poll lists on file in the
+     office of the judge of probate, were either destroyed or stolen, to
+     prevent copies being furnished, which would show these facts to
+     exist. The vote of Montgomery county alone, honestly counted and
+     returned as the votes were cast, would show a difference in my
+     favor of not less than 7,700 votes. In other words, I carried the
+     county by about 1,500 majority, instead of Governor Jones by over
+     6,200 as the fraudulent returns show. The same state of facts
+     exists as to Lowndes county--over 1,600 majority was returned for
+     Governor Jones when, in fact, I carried the county by over 2,000
+     majority. In many of the 'black' beats hundreds of ballots cast for
+     the Kolb faction were changed for those of the Jones faction, and
+     hundreds more of uncast ballots placed in the ballot-boxes and
+     counted for Governor Jones, that were never voted at all by anyone.
+     The names of hundreds of dead men appear on the poll lists and
+     ballots put in for them and counted for Governor Jones. When a copy
+     of the poll lists was demanded of the judge of probate, which I
+     charge would show these facts to exist, we were informed that said
+     copy would be furnished the next day; but lo, and behold! when next
+     day came, we were told that the poll lists had been stolen the
+     night before. I charge that the vote of Lowndes, honestly counted
+     as cast, would give me over 2,000 majority, instead of over 1,600
+     majority for Governor Jones, as returned, which would make a
+     difference in my favor of over 3,600 votes. The same facts exist as
+     to Wilcox county. I charge that not over 3,000 votes were actually
+     cast in this county in the August election, and if honestly counted
+     I would have received a majority of not less than 500. Yet by fraud
+     and ballot-box stuffing and holding back the returns for over a
+     week after the election, a majority of over 4,300 was given to
+     Governor Jones. An honest count in this county would show 4,500
+     votes in my favor. But it was reserved to Dallas county to outdo
+     all others, in the way of ballot-box stuffing and fraudulent
+     returns, by which a majority of over 6,100 was figured out for
+     Governor Jones. An honest count of the vote as actually cast would
+     give me over 3,000 majority, making a difference of over 9,000
+     votes in my favor, from this county alone. In Selma beat the
+     returns show that 2,642 votes were cast, and a majority of over
+     2,300 returned for Governor Jones. The facts are, that not
+     exceeding 1,400 votes were actually cast in Selma beat, and fully
+     600 of those cast were for the Kolb ticket. The census gave Selma
+     beat a population of only 7,600, all told, and yet, they return
+     2,642 of this population as having voted. One voter out of five is
+     above the average of most populations, but Selma has found a way to
+     manufacture nearly three voters out of every five of her people. In
+     some of the 'black' beats of the county, only thirty to forty votes
+     were actually cast, by both white and colored voters, and yet the
+     returns give from 400 to 700 majority from these beats, to Governor
+     Jones. I charge that not as many votes were cast in the county of
+     Dallas for both Jones and Kolb as the majority claimed for Governor
+     Jones. The truth is, that Governor Jones did not actually receive
+     over 1,300 votes, all told, in the county, and yet he is
+     fraudulently given over 6,100 majority. In Perry county the same
+     frauds and ballot-box stuffing were resorted to, and hundreds of
+     dead men made to vote for Thomas Goode Jones. With an honest count
+     of the vote of Perry as actually cast, I would have received a
+     majority of over 500 votes, instead of a majority of over 1,800 for
+     Governor Jones, as returned, which would make a difference of over
+     2,300 votes in my favor. In Hale county, all will remember, that
+     the first report received from that county after the election, gave
+     me the county by over 1,600 majority, but the political bosses here
+     urged them to hold back the returns and 'doctor' them; that the
+     'organized' ticket was in great danger and the 'black belt' was
+     expected to do her duty. Hale was equal to the emergency, and in a
+     few days revised her returns and figured out over 1,200 majority
+     for Governor Jones. I charge that the vote of Hale, if honestly
+     counted, as actually cast, would give me a majority of over 2,500,
+     which would be a difference of over 3,700 in my favor. The same
+     irregularities occurred in Greene county, where a true majority of
+     over 500 for me was changed into a fictitious majority of 500 for
+     Governor Jones, showing a difference of over 1,000 in my favor. In
+     Sumpter county my majority was fully 500 more than was returned for
+     me, and about the same in Pickens; and in Marengo county, an honest
+     count of the vote as cast would have given me the county by a safe
+     majority, instead of 1,000 majority for Governor Jones as returned.
+
+     "In Macon county, by fraud and manipulations, a true majority of
+     about 2,000 for me was reduced to a little over 700. In Bullock
+     county, by frauds, manipulations and partisan abuses by county
+     returning-boards, a majority of over 1,800 was given Governor Jones
+     when, in fact, if he was entitled to any majority at all, it
+     should have been less than 200. In Autauga county an honest count
+     of the vote actually cast, would have given me the county by at
+     least 500 majority, but by ballot-box stuffing and fraudulently
+     counting-out votes cast for the Kolb ticket and substituting Jones
+     tickets instead, a small majority was falsely returned for Governor
+     Jones. In all these 'black belt' counties a majority of the judges
+     of probate, sheriffs and clerks, whose duty it was to appoint the
+     inspectors of elections, were friends of Governor Jones, and in
+     most of the counties, the rights of the Kolb faction were utterly
+     ignored, and no friend of mine permitted to act as manager or clerk
+     at any of the beats. Only at a few 'white' beats, in any of these
+     counties, were we allowed any representation. My political enemies
+     were not satisfied with this great wrong done me in the 'black
+     belt' counties but invaded some of the 'white' counties, and by
+     fraud and manipulation in the beats, or by partisan action on the
+     part of county returning-boards, on the Saturday following the
+     election, robbed me of over 10,000 votes to which I was justly
+     entitled. In Conecuh county I received a majority of 1,235 votes,
+     and yet, by throwing out boxes and robbing others, this majority
+     was all wiped out, and a false majority of 270 given to Governor
+     Jones. In Pike county I received a majority of 910 votes and the
+     returns from eleven beats, giving me large majorities, were thrown
+     out or destroyed by the county returning-board, and a majority of
+     55 given to Governor Jones. The contests in both of these counties
+     (Conecuh and Pike) have been virtually decided in my favor by Judge
+     Hubbard, in his decision in the contest cases for judge of probate
+     in each county. His opinion, as rendered, being in favor of Dr. R.
+     A. Lee, of Conecuh, and T. H. Brown, of Pike, both of whom were
+     candidates for probate judge on the Kolb ticket. In like manner, as
+     in Conecuh and Pike, I was robbed of over 1,000 votes in Butler,
+     over 1,000 in Elmore, over 600 in Coosa, over 700 in St. Clair,
+     over 700 in Shelby, over 100 in Chilton, over 1,000 in Talladega,
+     over 500 in Walker, over 1,000 in Morgan and over 1,000 in Madison.
+     I have given plain and unvarnished facts, as I believe them to
+     exist, and positively assert that a fair and impartial investigation
+     will prove every statement made, to be true. It may be asked why the
+     evidence is not here adduced to prove these allegations. If adduced
+     here, these same parties would say that it was all _ex parte_ and
+     that it would be controverted and destroyed, if both sides should be
+     heard. Besides, they know that the details necessary to be recounted
+     as to each beat in so many counties, would make a summary too
+     voluminous to be incorporated in an address. All I ask is that a
+     full, fair and impartial investigation shall be had and that a true
+     judgment may be rendered. If Governor Jones and his friends are not
+     afraid of truth, equity and justice, why do they refuse? If the
+     effect would only be to remove a cloud from his title to the office,
+     would he not gladly embrace such an opportunity? 'But there's the
+     rub.' They well know that an investigation would disclose frauds and
+     manipulations which could not be defended, and would prove his claim
+     to the office of governor wholly unfounded upon right. That is why
+     they dare not permit an investigation. That is why some of them talk
+     so glibly what they would not dare to utter over their own
+     signatures. That is why the Legislature has treated this matter with
+     silence, while patriotic representatives of the people have urged and
+     insisted upon action, so that justice might be done, and right
+     triumph. Every honest man knows that Governor Jones has no shadow of
+     claim to the office of governor. The people, by their votes in
+     August, relegated him to private life for the next two years, and yet
+     he is sitting up at the Capitol upon a lot of stuffed ballot-boxes
+     from the 'black belt,' and claiming his election. Some of his best
+     friends have publicly declared that he could not afford to hold the
+     office in the face of such fraudulent returns, and if he persisted
+     in doing so, he would go down to posterity more despised than
+     Rutherford B. Hayes. I am only contending for what is right. As a
+     native-born citizen of Alabama, and one who has always endeavored
+     to serve my people and state to the best of my ability, both in
+     time of war and in time of peace, I feel that I have a right to
+     demand that justice be done. Thousands of true men all over this
+     great commonwealth honored me with their support in the August
+     election, and in their name I demand of the Legislature, a prompt
+     and impartial investigation of this matter. These people represent
+     a majority of the white voting population and demand a respectful
+     hearing. I beg you, members of the Legislature, not to mistake the
+     temper of these people. Remember that a large majority of them have
+     been life-long Democrats. While they don't believe in, and never
+     will submit to the domination of a few party bosses, yet they do
+     believe in the time-honored principles of pure Jeffersonian
+     Democracy. They have been the true, the tried and unflinching
+     Democrats, who have heretofore fought the battles and won the
+     victories of the party in Alabama. True to its noble cause, true to
+     every great principle, and true to every demand of patriotism upon
+     them, they have been in the fore-front of every contest when
+     victory was won, and the firm and immovable, the true and faithful
+     guardians of its cause, in every defeat we have ever sustained.
+     Many of these people were gallant soldiers in the late war, and
+     since 1865 have been battling for the Democratic party in Alabama.
+     Many of them have reared sons, in whose breasts they early planted
+     the principles of true Democracy, and taught them that it was the
+     party of the people. They believe that Democracy means that the
+     people shall rule, and that white people should govern Alabama.
+     They now feel that a few political bosses are undertaking to
+     overthrow a republican form of government in this state. I warn you
+     to stop and reflect. Don't trifle with these people longer. Let
+     justice be done, and sweet Peace will again spread her white wings
+     over our beloved state.
+
+     "R. F. KOLB.
+
+     "Montgomery, Ala., Dec. 15, 1892."
+
+Nothing but silence answers this scathing arraignment of the Democratic
+party of Alabama. The burning charges of corruption and robbery meet no
+rebuttal; none could truthfully be made. Many weeks after the publication
+of Captain Kolb's letter, the Birmingham _Age-Herald_, of March 3, 1893,
+contained a remarkable editorial confession, headed: "That Political
+Pest,"--which may enable one to form some opinion of the sentiment of the
+average Jones Democrat regarding the Kolb-Jones contest and "dispute" over
+the election. This quotation from the editorial will prove quite
+interesting:
+
+     "Now the fact is that the Populists will fight the Democratic party
+     in 1894 on the issue of the last August election, and their cry
+     will be so many variations of the contest matter. The plain facts
+     of this matter had as well be understood first as last. If Captain
+     Kolb and the other gentlemen who ran on his ticket had supported
+     Cleveland and held good their claims to being Democrats, a contest
+     law would have been enacted. Public sentiment would have compelled
+     it, and the dispute over the election would have been legally
+     settled, and in all probability Governor Jones would have been
+     governor just as he is now. But when Captain Kolb and his fellow
+     candidates on his state ticket, went bodily over to Mr. Harrison
+     and conspired with Chris Magee, public sentiment revolted. From
+     that moment all possibility of a contest law vanished. The
+     organized Democracy would not hear to yielding an inch of ground,
+     and all the influence of Governor Jones himself could not have
+     availed to procure a contest law from the Legislature. That is a
+     plain statement of fact. That is the shape it will assume in 1894.
+     In the meanwhile, if we begin the campaign already, how are we
+     going to have any rest?"
+
+As is easily apparent from reading the foregoing editorial, the principal
+excuse of the "machine bosses" as to why the office of governor was stolen
+from Captain Kolb, is "because he did not support Cleveland!" This silly
+twaddle about Captain Kolb going over to Harrison, is just such
+nonsensical stuff as the average of Alabama Democratic editors deem fit to
+feed the Democratic "gods and little fishes" on. What other available
+matter have they, when truth, right and reason have forever departed from
+their sanctums and from their cause?
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER II.
+
+THE DEMOCRATIC PARTY ONE OF PREJUDICE.
+
+
+Excepting those who have resided in the South, few people outside have
+any true conception whatever, of what means a contest against the fixed
+ideas and established policies of the ruling element in this section.
+Not until recently have the searching currents of thought inundated, to
+a great and perceptible extent, the foundations of bitter prejudice that
+have been the main basis of the monster political structure which has
+towered in its glory in the South since the days of reconstruction. For
+a long time, few there were who would dare to revolt against its darkened
+walls, lest they might forever be driven from the shadow of its wings.
+
+It is no idle charge that is embodied in the frequent statement that the
+"par" prejudiced Democratic politicians in Alabama will adopt any method,
+foul or fair, _especially foul_, that may perpetuate the control of that
+party, in this state. And it has been the dire dread of becoming a victim
+of just such venomous partisans as these that has awed aspiring men of
+this state into party line and once made it seriously doubtful whether
+any able man would jeopardize his political prospects by being so bold as
+to stand out in opposition to the "Democracy (?) of Alabama," and its
+shadowy practices, which Southern young men have been taught by
+gray-haired parents to believe justifiable.
+
+When, for once, the prejudice of the leaders and the animosity of the
+rabble of the Democratic party is fully aroused and incited against any
+person who would ally himself with the opposition, then the subject of
+this ardent persecution may expect that never will he, nor his seed, go
+forgotten by an unrelenting foe, until such prejudice-bearing life is
+extinguished.
+
+The time has been when Alabama Democrats would not concede it a
+right for a Southern voter to be anything else than a "booster"
+for the "machine bosses." The privilege to oppose the Democratic
+party--considering the treatment accorded those who lately antagonized
+that party in the South--is generally supposed by "Bourbons" not to
+exist, even now.
+
+During the heat of political campaigns,--and especially was it the case
+in Alabama last year,--every imaginable pressure is brought to bear upon
+those who do not see fit to support the Democratic ticket. Ostracism is
+practised in both social and business life. Merchants withhold supplies
+from farmers, wealthy landlords threaten the discharge of their tenants,
+and mortgage-holders talk wildly of foreclosures, to those who express a
+desire to exercise the right of franchise according to their own belief
+and as free men of a so-called free republic. In no other section of the
+country are such political forces as these exerted to so radical a
+degree, or is the "party lash" wielded with so tremendous a flourish.
+The "party lash" cracker must be devised so as to "drive them into
+line;" it makes no difference what the nature of the material may be, if
+its popping is fitting for the time and purpose.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER III.
+
+DIFFERENT KINDS OF "PARTY LASH" CRACKERS.
+
+
+The rank and file of Democrats in Alabama, until recently, have blindly
+drifted along, neglecting every interest. Thinking of nothing else,
+scarcely, than "machine boss" protection from the near approach of some
+highly-pictured prospective woe, ever since before the late war, when
+slaveholders waved the party lash and popped the cracker of "secession
+or ruin,"--until now, when the sons of ex-slaveholders, and others that
+form the "domineering bossism" in Alabama, pop the cracker of "Democracy
+or negro rule." From the time when the "old plantation darkey," hat in
+hand, stood humbly before his master to hear that he was no longer a
+chattel slave, until now, the "bulldozing" ex-slaveholding lord has
+"blowed" about the danger of "negro rule" and the sons of this class of
+office-holding hierarchy have as blusteringly echoed the farce. They
+failed to remember that it was the wrinkled hands of the old colored
+slave that were stretched out in protection over his master's loved ones
+when the deadly flash and quaking thunder of battle threatened Southern
+homes, and they soon unkindly pictured them as demon clutches. There is
+no reasonable ground for fear of "negro supremacy." It is the domination
+of the man with the black heart, without special reference to "hide,"
+that the yoemanry of Alabama must really fear. It is not the supremacy
+of the negro that curses, or may curse the white productive classes, but
+it is the supremacy of "machine bosses" who, through the fraudulent
+manipulation of the ballot-box in counties with a predominance of
+colored population, roll up fictitious and enormous majorities in order
+to defeat the will of the white people of other counties. This
+white-"hided," black-hearted class, which has always popped the cracker
+of "negro supremacy" are now those who wrongfully dominate a majority of
+the white people of Alabama on account of stuffed ballot-boxes
+extravagantly based upon a negro population. The "antediluvian,"
+ex-slaveholding Democrat has talked much about this or that party being
+a "negro party," but for a certainty this Pharisaical set can now see in
+their own "dear old Democratic party" in Alabama a full-fledged "negro
+party." The Kolb-Jones election demonstrates this fact. Jones having
+received majorities in no other than "black belt" counties. Be it said
+to the credit of the "black belt" negroes, however, they protest that
+they did not vote for Jones and are amazed that the country has palmed
+the Democratic party of Alabama, and the responsibility for its
+existence, off on them. The national election in Alabama, a fac-simile
+of the state election, sustains the apparently dark complexion of that
+party.
+
+The "Force Bill" cracker is another very available "party lash" snap.
+Democratic campaign orators never fail to picture, in their denunciation
+of this hobgoblin, burly negroes guarding the polls with bayonets while
+timid white men come trembling forward to deposit their ballots. "Unless
+the Democratic ticket is elected, such a state of affairs will most
+certainly exist," shouts the office-holder, and there are, even now,
+voters in Alabama who are simple enough to believe it. No party
+advocates or indorses a measure of any such provisions, yet the people
+of the South are told that a vote against the Democratic party means the
+support of just such a state of affairs, and if possible, something
+worse. It is argued by Democrats, that under such a perilous
+probability, no farmer could justly consider his empty pocket,
+poverty-stricken home, overworked and shabbily-clothed family, and
+poorly-educated children, "and go off to discussing the money question."
+
+Until of recent years, the rank and file of the people in Alabama
+usually "kicked up the dust" in their terrible display of hostility to
+anything antagonistic to the Democratic party. In the meantime, the
+"machine bosses" wielded the "party lash" and popped the snap crackers
+over their heads; ingeniously playing upon their passions and
+prejudices, and always holding the offices.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER IV.
+
+THE TROUBLE OF THE SIXTIES.
+
+
+The people of Alabama were plunged into the bloody, surging sea of
+trouble in the sixties by the same extremist element in the South, which
+has more than once ruled more desperately than wisely, and is, in times
+of great emergency, scarcely conservative or sensible. The writer often
+imagines he can hear some of these same old blustering members of the
+ex-slave- and present office-holding hierarchy exciting the common
+people back before the sixties with their now "moss-covered" harangues,
+and wonders if some of the common herd could again be herded by these
+same herdsmen and be driven into another conflict of "a poor man's fight
+and a rich man's war."
+
+If it had not been for the rash domination of this "rule or ruin" element
+in the South at that time, there is no doubt but that "the war between the
+States" could have been averted, with far greater advantage to the people
+of this section.
+
+The masses of the people of Alabama were not at heart secessionists, but
+it is, as heretofore, unwritten truth that this state was seceded
+fraudulently by the original "machine bosses" who dictated the seating
+of the delegates in the "secession convention," and who ruthlessly
+sacrificed the lives and property of the poor in a vain endeavor to add
+to the coffers of the rich landlord by further enslaving humanity.
+
+Reformers in Alabama are to-day fought hardest and persecuted most by
+the sons of the class of men who fought the poor white man during the
+late war and spoliated his meagre possessions, in order that the
+shackles might be kept on the ankles of the black man so the rich
+landlord could prolong his princely ways. Opposing the present movement
+for universal industrial freedom are represented those who have
+strangled Liberty at every stage of her growth, and who respect the
+needs of the poor white man now, as little as they did the wants of the
+poor slaves then.
+
+The common people always fight all the battles in times of war, create
+all the wealth in periods of peace; but, whether in the battle of blood
+or the struggle for bread, they have never reaped a substantial benefit
+from either contest. They have been engaged in a prolonged, though
+varying struggle, all down the history of the ages, and greed and
+avarice have always sapped their energies and sucked their life-blood.
+
+Such is truly a too real recital of the actual experience of the Alabama
+citizen ex-soldier, as he now is in the ranks of "the common masses of
+the common people," battling for bread with about as much hope of
+reaping a happy reward in this contest, as he had of winning a
+soul-swelling victory in that of the sixties. How sad is the narrative
+of the real life of the average Alabamian, who has always been loyal to
+the political leaders of his native state, worshiping even at the shrine
+of the name "Democracy," but, after years of toil, privation and
+endurance, approaches the verge of eternity unable to bequeath a
+heritage of neither full-fledged liberty nor free-titled land to
+uneducated, homeless and hopeless children.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER V.
+
+WANT PRODUCES THINKERS.
+
+
+Some species of the brute creation open their eyes in nine days, but
+some of the poor, blinded and burden-bearing creatures of humanity
+scarcely ever succeed in getting their eyes fully open to the light of
+God's blessed bestowals to mankind. Others soon realize the
+repulsiveness of the black shadows that enthrall them and bite the dust
+in anguish in their struggle to be free. And often, when higher reason
+fails to prompt one to action, unsatiated appetite constitutes a
+never-failing reminder. As necessity is the mother of invention, so is
+poverty productive of thought. The earlier one's condition is reduced to
+want, the sooner will the thought "materialize into action." Thus it is
+with the debt-ridden toiler, the farmless farmer and the produceless
+producer in their unrest in Alabama to-day. The general want has
+produced general thought. Thought has instituted inquiry. Investigation
+has inaugurated a revolt. The opposition to the Democratic party was, in
+this manner, born out of want. Term it the "third party," or whatever
+you may choose, it is really a necessary party; and its growth will
+continue as long as the wants and demands of the neglected productive
+interests go unheeded.
+
+The ingenious old party leaders may appeal to the passions of some; the
+"Force Bill," like Banquo's ghost, may continue to "bob up;" the farcial
+cry of "negro supremacy" may again fill the air; but the wide-awake
+spirit is becoming prevalent, and these politicians, instead of being
+absorbed with the tar-_iff_, will soon be astounded at the tear-_off_
+from the Democratic party.
+
+The feeling of the usurer's grasp is more likely, hereafter, to convince
+the possessor of the ballot of his duty, than will the artful arraying
+of one section by corporation talent. The presence of the legislative
+curse that makes the over-producing producer produceless, will, in days
+soon to come, more largely influence a vast majority of the citizens of
+this state in the exercise of their inalienable will, than will the
+Democratic hobgoblin of the farcial prospective (?) "Force Bill." The
+appeal for education that comes from the innocent eyes of little
+children, as they caress a weary mother's careworn face, shall soon
+carry more force of persuasion with the voter than will the bluster of
+office-seekers in their feigned warnings of "negro rule;" and the father
+will then seek to hand down to his children the magic wand that is
+dispelling brutishness from the face of all the earth.
+
+Thought having once inundated the passion-played Southern public mind,
+an awakening is begun, and, aroused to an appreciation of affairs as
+they exist, the rank and file of the people of Alabama are in an
+astounding state of agitation. Some idea of the extent of this unrest
+can be derived by recalling to mind the results of the last elections.
+This change in public sentiment, and attainments of the reform crusaders
+against the organized Democracy, will best be appreciated by an
+understanding of the campaign intolerance and election methods which
+have made the "Bourbon" historic, and which is fast making all those who
+believe in keeping sacred our free institutions, shrink from the support
+of men of such a party and a party of such methods and men.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VI.
+
+"BOURBON" CAMPAIGN INTOLERANCE.
+
+
+The revolt of the common people of Alabama against the "machine bosses"
+is, simply speaking, a revolution against revolutionists; and the
+increasing strength of the former is rapidly developing the intolerant
+spirit of the latter. This savage-natured sentiment that has characterized
+the campaign policy of the Democratic party of the South in its treatment
+of the opposition, has often received the scathing criticism of many a
+caustic pen. Yet nothing too severe could be said in its condemnation.
+
+It is the most idle and hollow mockery for any writer or any newspaper
+to attempt to repudiate the rightful accusation, so long made, that the
+Democratic party in the South is responsible for the campaign intolerance
+that is practiced in this section. These outbursts of violence in the
+South and in Alabama are but the spasmodic ventings of an overwrought
+public sentiment that has been instilled and tutored by the press and
+leaders of that party ever since the war. In reality, not half has been
+told of the attempts at stifling free speech in Alabama.
+
+Although the entire record of the "Bourbon" element is indeed unenviable
+and astonishing, yet, never before in the history of Southern Democratic
+campaign ruffianism had this spirit reached the height of deviltry
+displayed during 1892, in Alabama. With organized rabbles at their back,
+and partisan courts at their faces, political bullies openly boasted of
+their lawlessness and engaged in their dastardly outrages defiant to
+morality, honesty, conscience or prosecution.
+
+During the last weeks of the Kolb-Jones campaign this barbaric nature
+was beginning to be fully drawn out; the most cowardly demonstration of
+its existence having first been made at Florence, Ala., where the writer
+was attacked at midnight, July 27, by a mob that had assembled at the
+depot to do him violence upon his departure from the town. The mob, as
+was stated by dispatches published in the Democratic press, consisted of
+"fifty enraged citizens." The riotous crowd was incited and collected by
+partisans, for no other than a political cause; and had it not been that
+the writer succeeded in reaching the platform of the car unobserved, no
+doubt but that he would have been egged, stoned, or shot to death. The
+lights had been extinguished in the depot, which is located in a desolate
+part of the town, and every other arrangement was seemingly made for the
+doing of a dark and bloody deed. These villainous plans proved, however,
+to be advantageous to the writer, who escaped a brutally-designed
+assassination by getting on the platform of the car before the shower of
+missiles had commenced. The writer's hat suffered ruin from the
+"indignation," and a Memphis & Charleston car was turned into the shops
+spattered and battered. Herewith is given a letter, referring to the
+Florence incident, and as its author is one of Alabama's most eminent
+ministers, this document will prove valuable literature:
+
+     "Study of L. F. WHITTEN,
+         Pastor M. E. Church, South.
+             JASPER, Ala., Aug. 1, 1892.
+
+     "My dear Brother Manning:
+
+     "As soon as I have the time, I hasten to tender to you my sincere
+     sympathies for the barbarous and uncivilized treatment you received
+     at Florence a few days since. The correspondent of the _Age-Herald_,
+     who lives at Florence, saw 'an amusing sight last night to see the
+     boasted disciple of Kolbism, J. C. Manning, run from a volley of
+     rotten eggs thrown by fifty enraged men.' He could have seen in this
+     'amusing sight,' the return of the Spanish Inquisition and diabolic
+     intolerance of barbarism, had he been able to look ahead. This was
+     outrageous and inhuman treatment for which I assure you I am full of
+     regrets. I am ashamed that it has happened in Alabama or the South.
+     This spirit shown you, and the abuse heaped upon you, if not
+     denounced and punished speedily, will culminate in the hottest
+     persecution of an honest minority; which will prohibit free speech
+     and destroy the right to oppose the majority, although that majority
+     be led by the devil himself. If that spirit is not rebuked in our
+     state and the righteous indignation of our people does not stamp it
+     out swiftly, then the darkest days of the Rebellion will be bright
+     as compared to those to follow. This spirit will invade the pulpit
+     and go into the sanctum of the editor, and sermons will have to be
+     pleasant, pacific and agreeable, and editors must agree with those
+     in authority, or else the minister will be driven out of town, and
+     the editor will be rotten-egged or swung up by the thumbs! If that
+     comes to pass, then give me a monarchical government. I should
+     greatly prefer to appeal to Caesar, than to an enraged mob of 'fifty
+     or more citizens' (?) fired up with red liquor, and thirsting for
+     the blood of the man who differs from them,--a set of brainless,
+     heartless sapheads. I heard a gentleman who saw it, denounce it as
+     the most villainous thing he ever saw in a land of freedom. He does
+     not belong to your party,--neither do I,--but he was for you. You
+     keep on, if you die at your post. Mobs to-day, mausoleums to-morrow.
+     The party that resorts to such tactics may ride the top of the wave
+     to-day, but the good time is coming when that rotten and rum-soaked
+     method will be buried out of sight under an avalanche of ballots of
+     brave men, who scorn the rotten-egg method of answering brainy
+     arguments, which 'Bourbons' have not sense enough to meet in any
+     other way. For my part, I do not believe in intolerance. The day has
+     passed to allow it. God holds the reins of government. Life, liberty
+     and free speech are our own inalienable rights. To destroy these, as
+     the mobs would do, is to muzzle the press, kill the stump-speaker,
+     and hang the preacher who does not court popular applause, and who
+     defies public sentiment that is wrong.
+
+     "Cordially yours for the Right,
+          L. F. WHITTEN."
+
+     "P. S. I said I do not belong to your party. I am a political
+     Prohibitionist, and pray for the day to dawn when the sober and
+     sensible and honest manhood of our country may get together and
+     rule it.
+
+     "L. F. W."
+
+Other instances of this frenzied partisan madness soon abounded. But the
+most wicked resort of Democratic party passion, be it said to its
+eternal shame, was made upon Col. J. M. Whitehead, editor of _The Living
+Truth_, Georgiana, Ala. Not content with destroying peace, planning and
+attempting midnight assassinations, hooting and howling at public
+meetings, these haters of civil liberty and "dying hard" Democrats come
+forth in their extreme infernalism, and hurl eggs at a gray-haired,
+one-legged, ex-Confederate soldier and citizen of irreproachable
+manhood. In response to a request for a statement on this subject, the
+writer received the following reply from Colonel Whitehead:
+
+     "GREENVILLE, Ala., April 3, 1893.
+
+     "J. C. Manning:
+
+     "_Dear Sir_,--You ask me to write to you some of my experiences
+     during the campaign last year with our friends, the organized
+     Democracy. Knowing their methods so well, their 'wild and woolly'
+     ways did not surprise me. I had some experiences with them in 1884,
+     when I was an independent candidate for Congress in this district,
+     against Herbert. At Ross Hill, Covington county, I was set upon by
+     their tools, who had been organized before to kill me. It was a
+     miracle that the plan failed. As it was, I had an arm broken, a
+     shoulder dislocated and was left for dead on the ground. I had just
+     closed a speech in which I had exposed the unfaithfulness of their
+     Congressman (the nominee), which I had been doing for the past two
+     weeks and he had heard of it. He is now the Secretary of the Navy!
+     I had challenged him to a joint discussion and he had declined. He
+     was a Confederate soldier and so was I. I had lost a leg and he had
+     lost the use of an arm, but nothing of this kind could stand in the
+     way of his ambition. I never had any doubt but that he and his
+     henchmen instigated this cowardly assault upon me. Last year, most
+     of my speeches were made in the 'white counties' where our friends
+     are largely in the majority. I went to Union Springs, in Bullock
+     county,--a 'black county'--to engage the Hon. W. C. Oates in a
+     joint debate. He declined and I made no attempt to speak. As I was
+     leaving on the train from the depot that night, I was honored with
+     a shower of eggs coming through the car window at which I was
+     sitting. They passed within a few inches of my nose and breaking on
+     the other side of the car, fell on the good clothes of an
+     enthusiastic Democrat. Of course he was mad, while I was in the
+     best possible humor. I did the laughing and he did the swearing. It
+     took place as the train moved off, so that there was no chance to
+     investigate who the parties were. They were under the cover of
+     darkness, and doubtless will there remain."
+
+     "Most respectfully,
+         J. M. WHITEHEAD."
+
+"They are under the cover of darkness, and doubtless will there remain."
+What manner of Democracy (?) is this, which forms a prominent part of
+the nation's administration--even entering the make-up of the cabinet of
+the President! It is no surprise that an opposition cause to such a
+party as this Democracy (?) would dare to undergo the most trying
+difficulties in its struggle to maintain freedom of speech and to
+sustain human liberty; it is no wonder that the Southern champions of
+reform dare to preserve law, protect home and have honest government.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VII.
+
+ELECTION METHODS OF THE DEMOCRATS.
+
+
+"Bourbon" campaign intolerance, ballot-box stuffing and other similar
+crimes against human liberty have become a common practice in the
+political contests in Alabama. It is said frequently by the opposition
+in this state that one's skill in fraudulent election manipulation wins
+promotion in the councils of the Democratic party. It is also not untrue
+that voters who have been accomplices in perpetrating election frauds
+have been rewarded with official positions "on account of efficient
+services rendered the party."
+
+The election law in Alabama was framed for facilitating fraud as an
+alleged necessity for protection from negro supremacy. But, once having
+secured the "machine," the "bosses" have taken advantage of this
+"original purpose," and have carried the practice of stealing ballots so
+far as to feloniously take white men's votes in order to preserve the
+"machine" intact. This practice has been carried out to such an
+outrageous extent that an overwhelming majority of "white" ballots have
+frequently been reversed by the "machine bosses" in order to continue
+the evolution of the office-holding hierarchy. The original ballot-box
+stuffing law has been recently displaced by another equally as
+iniquitous. This new law was enacted at the last session of the
+Legislature and is known as the "Sayre Election Bill." As fair and able
+criticism that has been made of this bill appeared in the _Alliance
+Herald_, Montgomery, Ala., edited by Frank Baltzell, one of the ablest
+and most forcible writers in the South. The _Alliance Herald_ says of
+this measure:
+
+     "The law should be captioned, 'A Bill to be entitled an Act to
+     Perpetuate the Frauds which have heretofore been practiced in
+     Alabama.' It is very ingenious in its draft, very adroit in its
+     omissions and very mischievous in its operations. The principal
+     idea in the bill is that it absolutely puts the control of
+     elections in this state into the control of the inspectors of
+     elections, by making everything about voting so hedged about by
+     secrecy that it is impossible to ever get the evidence of any fraud
+     that may be committed, and by making them the absolute directors
+     and controllers of those who may not be able to read and write. The
+     principal omission of the bill is that it does not provide for the
+     appointment of inspectors from each party or faction, or rather
+     fails to make provision for the enforcement of the existing section
+     in the code which provides for it, effective and certain to be
+     enforced. All the frauds in the elections are due to that defect.
+     The probate judge, clerk and sheriff do not pretend to enforce the
+     law fairly. Appeal to the courts to secure enforcement is a farce,
+     as appeal from the decision of the court delays the application of
+     the remedy, if the supreme court should order it, until after the
+     election shall be past. Each party or faction should be guaranteed,
+     under a heavy penalty upon these officers, fair and just
+     representation in the management, by having at least one inspector
+     and one clerk--those, too, whose names shall be suggested; for to
+     appoint one ignorant, careless or indifferent inspector, to watch
+     two inspectors and two clerks, is folly. The average ballot-box
+     stuffer can count out every time, when that is done. One man is
+     needed to watch the one who reads the ballot, and another to watch
+     the clerks. Without these two, the 'slick' artist can count out
+     every time. This omission in the bill makes it safer than the
+     present law, for a voter can now keep a list, and those of his
+     party can give their names and voluntarily tell him for whom they
+     voted, and thereby afford evidence available in a contest. This
+     bill purposely does away with this right by putting all the power
+     in the hands of the inspectors and keeping everybody fifty feet
+     away from any evidence whatever. The law is almost wholly devoted
+     to how voting shall be done. Nobody is concerned about that.
+     Everybody wants to know how the counting will be done, or how the
+     stuffing will be prevented. That power is kept securely in the
+     hands of the inspectors, and the inspectors' appointment is equally
+     as firmly kept in the hands of the judge of probate, clerk and
+     sheriff. That may seem a very adroit way of perpetuating fraud, but
+     it is neither smart, shrewd nor fair.
+
+     "The law provides for booths or stalls--one for each fifty voters as
+     shown by the preceding election. One voter at a time gets a ticket
+     from an inspector, goes into the booth and is allowed five minutes
+     to prepare his ticket. If he cannot read or use his hands to make a
+     cross mark opposite each name of the candidate for whom he desires
+     to vote, the inspector appoints one of the partisans of his
+     party--not the voter's--to fix the ticket. He will fix it, too.
+     Nobody can see or hear what transpires between the voter and this
+     appointed manipulator. No penalty is provided for deceiving or
+     wrongly marking the ticket. All the frauds about that feature are
+     protected. When it is marked, the voter casts it. Why not number
+     it, so that it can be identified in case of contest or dispute?
+     That would prevent fraud, and is not wanted. No one is allowed
+     within fifty feet of the voting place nor the booths. There is
+     great particularity about the way the ticket shall be prepared, and
+     none shall be voted unless they shall have the initials of the
+     inspector who hands them out, on the ticket. Any other ticket, if
+     voted, shall not be counted. There is another chance for fraud.
+     Suppose the inspector refuses to mark his initials on the tickets,
+     there is no penalty and each one can refuse and defeat the
+     election.
+
+     "The law requires the registration of voters to be completed the
+     first twelve days in June, before the August and November
+     elections. Before registering for each election, the voter must
+     present his poll-tax receipt. When he registers he gets a
+     registration certificate. When he votes he must present this
+     registration certificate and leave it with the inspector. The way
+     is not plain how it will get back to him, when he delivers it in
+     August and desires to vote in November, but it is supposed that he
+     will have a slim or good chance at that, as he shall be in accord
+     or opposition to the officer who ought to return it. If the
+     registrar fails to act after he shall be appointed, there is no way
+     for the voters of the beat to register that year; the probate judge
+     and registrar can manage that little trick so as to disfranchise
+     all the opposition beats with heavy majorities. The probate judge
+     can appoint another, but there is no penalty for not serving nor
+     for the appointment of an incompetent registrar. That feature is
+     well fixed. The bill provides penalties for everything to protect
+     secrecy, but nothing to protect the honesty of the count. It seems
+     to proceed on the assumption that the principal thing about an
+     election is secrecy, and that the honest expression of the will of
+     the voters is not to be protected. The inspectors will fix that for
+     the party to which they belong and the probate judge will see that
+     no other party or faction has any chance or prospect. As a remedy
+     for the troubles now complained of in the state, the bill is wholly
+     at variance from everything needed. It simply puts in the power of
+     the probate judge, clerk and sheriff of a county the power to
+     control every election."
+
+The foregoing review of the "Sayre Election Law," is no more than a just
+exposure of a legislative document devised and enacted for the
+subversion of the will of the people. In other language, this law is
+nothing more nor nothing less than a legalized plot to commit treason
+against a republican form of government.
+
+With the registration of voters and the management of elections in their
+own hands, the "machine bosses" of the "black belt" never fail to return
+any majority "that is needed." As an instance of this corruption, let us
+refer to the vote of last August, and of last November, in some of the
+polling places in the "black belt" counties. In the city of Montgomery,
+when in fact less than 1,000 votes were cast in August, 3,561 votes were
+returned. Some weeks after the state election, one of the managers of
+election in Beat 5 in Montgomery county, stated to Captain Kolb that
+there were about 200 votes actually cast in this beat in the August
+election and that the Kolb ticket received over one hundred and fifty of
+them, and Jones the balance, but the returns gave Jones over four
+hundred majority! This statement was made to Captain Kolb unsolicited,
+and by a man who said he had voted for Jones, but was suffering from a
+punctured conscience on account of the wrong he had done the people of
+Alabama and himself, by assisting in ballot-box stuffing. Hundreds of
+similar cases that occurred in the August election may be given, where
+the ballot-boxes were not only stuffed, but the count reversed.
+
+During the session of the Legislature, at the time of the election of
+district court solicitors for the present term, a gentleman who happened
+to be in Montgomery at the time, found the following letter on the floor
+in the office of the Merchants' Hotel:
+
+     "HATCH., Nov. 8, 1892.
+
+     "MR. J. V. SMITH, Seale, Ala.:
+
+     "We are going to be 'snowed under' here to-day. Our only hope is to
+     be able to throw out the box. Write me by this P. M. mail the most
+     complete plan to do it. Would too many ballots in the box do it? or
+     which is best?"
+
+     "Yours, L. 3--3.--"
+
+The envelope which contained this interesting letter, was addressed "J.
+V. Smith, Esq., Seale, Ala.," and bears the postmark--"Hatchechubbee,
+Ala., Nov. 8, 1892." This letter revealed "election methods." Upon
+investigation, it was learned that Hatchechubbee is a small box of not
+over 300 votes and that it took two days to do the counting, and then, in
+spite of being "snowed under," the Democratic ticket claimed 79 majority!
+It is only ten miles from Seale to Hatchechubbee. At Oswichee, a beat in
+the same county of Russell,--in which is Hatchechubbee,--there were 74
+more votes in the box than were voters' names on the poll list. Just such
+"double-dealing" as this, no doubt, won Cleveland's majority in this
+county. It is useless to add that "J. V. Smith" is an office-holder. He
+was elected solicitor for the present term in the Third Congressional
+District. As to "L. 3--3.--" it will be noticed that the letter _C_ is
+third in the alphabet, which makes "L. 3.--3.--" when the letter _C_ is
+used in place of "3.--3." read "L. C. C." This "L. C. C., Hatchechubbee,
+Ala.," is quite partisan in his feelings and is very much disturbed in
+his sleep with nightmares of "negro supremacy!"
+
+"Doctoring" registration lists is an effective way of preventing boxes
+from being thrown out on account of not having enough names on the poll
+list. In some of the "black belt" counties these lists are very sacred,
+as they contain the names of many dead negroes and good coon-dogs. An
+ex-sheriff of Marion county stated to the writer that, in the discharge
+of the duties of that office several years ago, it became necessary for
+him to save his own life by killing a negro criminal, who had attacked
+him. The ex-sheriff said that the occurrence often came to his mind,
+which was full of regrets because of the affair. "However," said he, "I
+am now feeling easy over the affair, as upon examining the registration
+lists at the court-house a few days ago, I found the name of this same
+negro registered, and learned that he was voted for Jones."
+
+Many are the ways by which the Democratic party has overcome any
+opposition in Alabama. "Doctoring" registration lists, stuffing
+ballot-boxes, reversing the count, throwing out election returns, etc.,
+has been quite a pastime for the "machine bosses." And soon they will
+begin to realize "the cost of their game."
+
+Suppose the opposition party, which now has control of thirty-nine
+counties out of the sixty-six in the state, should resort to the
+shameful election tactics of the Democratic party! Who could picture
+the termination of such a result? Referring to such a revolutionary
+improbability, the _Alliance Herald_ says:
+
+     "When the thirty-nine 'white' counties shall commence to count, if
+     they should regard that as the last resort, the figures in a state
+     election would be as startling as amusing. Think of Dallas rolling
+     up 10,000 majority one way, and Etowah rolling up 12,000 for the
+     opposing ticket. Then let Montgomery roll up her 7,000 and see how
+     they would compare with Coosa's 7,000 or Cleburne's 5,000. Then let
+     Wilcox come serenely forward with her usual 6,000 and DeKalb call
+     her hand with 7,000. Lowndes, too, could bob up serenely with her
+     6,000 and Dale could 'see her' with as blossoming a rose of
+     innocence in a game she does not understand and show up 6,000. The
+     'white' counties have been holding aloof, until the tricksters
+     worked them in November, but they have found out a thing or two,
+     and if counting must be done they will startle the natives with the
+     unblushing character of what could be done. The 'black belt' had
+     best not force this competition. When Dallas kills 5000 'white'
+     votes in a 'white' county, by fraudulently counting that number of
+     negro votes in order to succeed, should the whites play for even,
+     it will not be difficult to divine what will be the result. The
+     _Herald_ does not advocate this sort of tactics nor does anyone in
+     the 'white' counties, but there is a great deal of silent thinking
+     about it. No one wants to do it; but if self-preservation shall
+     demand it to thwart the aggressions of the 'black belt,' just watch
+     and see how the innocent and guileless man can 'swear to conduct
+     this election for the best interests of the white people' and down
+     the 'black belt.'"
+
+But the writer thinks "self-preservation" will not demand such a course.
+This is not a time for such practices. The common people know it. They
+are determined to press forward their revolt against the party that gave
+birth to such revolutionary ideas. The common people of Alabama will not
+submit longer to such outrages. They are demanding, and, in the name of
+God and humanity, _will have_ a free and fair expression of their
+political will on the rostrum and at the polls.
+
+
+
+
+CHAPTER VIII.
+
+SUCCESS OF THE POPULISTS ASSURED.
+
+
+The people of Alabama will no longer vote the Democratic ticket simply
+because the "antediluvian" leaders say so. They will no longer be
+intimidated by party threats, or blindly driven by party lash, but they
+are going to have a good reason for so doing, hereafter, before casting
+their votes for the party which has been in power in Alabama for
+eighteen years, during the whole of which time the people have grown
+poorer and poorer and no measures have been adopted or suggested for
+their relief. The great masses of the people cannot again be forced to
+neglect more pressing interests to take issue on tariff reform only.
+While these people favor tariff reform they demand other more vital
+things as well, and they have formulated these demands into a party
+platform; and the brave and patriotic people who have the courage to
+maintain their convictions, will no longer be frightened from the issues
+they indorse, by threats of disrupting an existing political
+party,--especially when there no longer remains any necessity for
+keeping that party together.
+
+For what purpose are political parties organized and why do they
+continue their existence? The reading and thinking masses understand
+that there is but one answer: Political parties are formed to educate
+the people upon a proposed policy and to be instrumental in having such
+policy enacted into law as soon as the majority of voters favor and cast
+their votes for it. When the policy which brings a party into existence
+has become accepted as a proper theory of government and ceases to have
+any opposition, then the necessity of the political party itself ceases,
+for it has nothing else to accomplish. It is proper and usual, however,
+for such a party to continue its existence until some other living
+issues arise which demand the consideration of the voter. When this is
+done, one of the political parties which has accomplished its mission,
+should, by appropriate platform, present the issues of the voters of the
+country; or some new party having that object in view, should be formed.
+
+The Republican party was formed for the purpose of eradicating chattel
+slavery in America, opposed secession, and incidentally favored a high
+protective tariff to enable the United States Government to carry on the
+Civil War. The Democratic party in the South favored slavery and
+secession, and thus the issues were made. The Republican party established
+the objects of its organization and it is conceded that it was right, both
+in its opposition to slavery and secession, and hence the issues then
+dividing the old parties are now dead issues, leaving the only issue the
+incidental one of protection. The fundamental principles promulgated by
+Jefferson upon which the Democratic party was organized, have been
+instilled into the hearts of practically all Americans and no organized
+political party is necessary to maintain them. The issues formerly
+dividing the Democratic and Republican parties (excepting the tariff)
+are no longer in politics; and the political "bosses" of neither party
+can show why those who once opposed slavery and secession should remain
+as a separate political organization, and those who once favored it
+should remain as one also, while there are living issues concerning the
+welfare of the masses of the common people, about which no concern is
+manifested by either of the old parties.
+
+Had the Democratic party adopted the living issues and burning demands
+of the common people in its platform, and honestly advocated their
+speedy enactment into law, then it would be the party of the people. The
+rank and file of that party in the South and West does not express any
+marked disapproval of the principal demands for reform that are embodied
+in the platform of the People's party, yet, nine-tenths of the voters of
+the Democratic party are controlled adversely to their political belief
+by one-tenth--the Wall Street or Eastern portion. And, as S. S. King,
+Esq., a noted reform author, has said, "Whistling against the wind in
+the effort to drown the fury of the tempest, has always been as
+effectual as the effort of Western and Southern Democracy to reform in
+the face of Wall Street dictation." Unfortunately for the Democratic
+party, it has been controlled by this un-Democratic Eastern end of
+itself until the importunings of the common people of the West and
+South have been ignored. The thunder of the "Tammany tiger" having
+drowned the appeals of the Western and Southern producers, they have
+been forced to present their demands by independent political action,
+and the People's party was necessarily the result; and if these people
+have the courage and manhood to stand firm to their convictions, and to
+resist the "party lash" which the "machine bosses" will of course
+continue to vigorously apply, there can be no question as to its success
+in Alabama.
+
+First and foremost, however, before the strength of any new issues can
+even be tested in this state, the "machine bosses" who have reigned
+supreme in Alabama for the last nineteen years must be dethroned. In the
+name of Democracy they have perverted every principle which the word
+represents, and by "bulldozing" and fraud, have constantly thwarted the
+will of the people at the ballot-box. They have inaugurated methods as
+corrupt and revolutionary as their despotic minds could conceive, that
+their dominancy of the common people, might be perpetuated with ease;
+they have shaken the very foundation of the sacred covenant of liberty,
+broken the peace, blighted the prosperity and threatened the homes of
+the people; they have also hastened the time when all good,
+liberty-loving and truly democratic citizens of this state must unite in
+re-establishing the fact that they are the equals of the "machine
+bosses," and that a majority should rule. When this is established in
+fact as well as in theory, then, and not until then, will the demands of
+the people, which are favored by a majority of the people, be enacted
+into law. Whether favoring or opposing the demands of the common people,
+all honest citizens should unite in an effort to secure to those
+favoring them, the right to have the issues that come before the people
+fairly tested by a free ballot and a fair count of the votes polled.
+Anything else is slavery, which will not be submitted to by the common
+people of Alabama. In the language of the greatest Alabamian of to-day,
+Capt. R. F. Kolb, the grandest Commoner of them all, whose every impulse
+is actuated by a desire to do service to his downtrodden fellow men:
+
+"The common people of Alabama believe that democracy means that the
+people shall rule. They now feel that a few political 'bosses' are
+undertaking to overthrow a republican form of government in this state.
+I warn the 'machine bosses' to stop and reflect. Don't trifle with these
+people longer. Let justice be done and sweet Peace will again spread her
+white wings over our beloved state."
+
+
+
+
+      *      *      *      *      *
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's note:
+
+Text in italics is enclosed by underscores (_italics_).
+
+Punctuation has been corrected without note.
+
+The following misprints have been corrected:
+  "manmer" corrected to "manner" (page 14)
+  "addresed" corrected to "addressed" (page 34)
+  "day" corrected to "days" (page 34)
+  "the the" corrected to "the" (page 37)
+
+
+
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