diff options
Diffstat (limited to '34094.txt')
| -rw-r--r-- | 34094.txt | 1219 |
1 files changed, 1219 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/34094.txt b/34094.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fae7cf0 --- /dev/null +++ b/34094.txt @@ -0,0 +1,1219 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Journal of Entomology and Zoology, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Journal of Entomology and Zoology + Volume Eleven, Number Two, June 1919 + +Author: Various + +Release Date: October 18, 2010 [EBook #34094] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY *** + + + + +Produced by Larry B. Harrison and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + + + VOLUME ELEVEN NUMBER TWO + + JOURNAL + OF + ENTOMOLOGY + AND + ZOOLOGY + + JUNE, 1919 + + PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BY + POMONA COLLEGE DEPARTMENT _of_ ZOOLOGY + CLAREMONT, CALIFORNIA, U. S. A. + + + + +CONTENTS + + + Page + + ANNELIDS FROM LAGUNA BEACH 27 + + STRUCTURE OF DOLICHGLOSSUS PUSILLUS--_Alma Evans_ 28 + + OPISTHOBRANCHS FROM LAGUNA BEACH 34 + + CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM OF THE SAND DOLLAR DENDRASTER + EXCENTRICUS ESH.--_W. A. Hilton_ 35 + + ANTS FROM THE CLAREMONT-LAGUNA REGION 38 + + + Entered Claremont, Cal., Post-Office Oct. 1, 1910, as second-class + matter, under Act of Congress of March 3, 1879 + + + + +Journal of Entomology and Zoology + +EDITED BY POMONA COLLEGE, DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY + + +_Subscription_ $1.00 to domestic, $1.25 to foreign countries. + +This journal is especially offered in exchange for zoological and +entomological journals, proceedings, transactions, reports of +societies, museums, laboratories and expeditions. + +The pages of the journal are especially open to western entomologists +and zoologists. Notes and papers relating to western and Californian +forms and conditions are particularly desired, but short +morphological, systematic or economic studies from any locality will +be considered for publication. + +Manuscripts submitted should be typewritten on one side of paper about +8 by 11 inches. Foot notes, tables, explanations of figures, etc., +should be written on separate sheets. Foot notes and figures should be +numbered consecutively throughout. The desired position of foot notes +and figures should be clearly indicated in the manuscript. + +Figures should be drawn so that they may be reproduced as line cuts so +far as possible. An unusually large number of half tones must be paid +for in part by the author. Other more expensive illustrations will be +furnished at cost. Figures for cuts should be made to conform to the +size of the page when reduced, that is, 5 by 7-1/2 inches or less. The +lettering should be by means of printed numbers and letters pasted on +the drawings, in most cases. + +Authors of articles longer than a thousand words will receive fifty +reprints of their publications free of cost. If more than this are +desired, the order should be given with the return of the proof +sheets. Extra copies and special covers or special paper will be +furnished at cost. Authors of short contributions will receive a few +extra copies of the number containing their articles. + +Manuscripts should be sent by express or registered mail. + +Address all communications to + + THE JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY + + William A. Hilton, Editor + + Claremont, California, U. S. A. + + + + +Annelids from Laguna Beach + + +This list includes specimens recently determined by Dr. R. V. +Chamberlin, but does not include new species reported on at that time. + + _Glycera rugosa_ Johnson. _Euphrosyne aurantiaca_ John. _Eudistylia + polymorpha_ Johnson. From holdfast. _Chrysopetalum + occidentalis_ John. + + _Diopatra californica_ Moore. _Podarke pugettensis_ Johnson. + + _Syllis alterniata_ Moore. _Pionosyllis elongata_ Johnson. + + _Halosydna pulchra_ Johnson. + + _H. californica_ Johnson. Dredged. _Scoloplos sp._ San. Balboa. + + _Naineris longa_ Moore? Under stones. _Cirratulus luxuriosus_ Moore, + all bright red from eel grass. _Polycirrus californicus_ Moore. + + _Nereis agassizi_ Ehlers. _Anaitides sp. Lumbrineries zonata_ John.? + + _Syllis alternata_ Moore. _Nepthys caeca_ Fabr.? + + _Sthenelais verruculosa_ Johnson. + + W. A. H. + + (_Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of Pomona College_) + + + + +Structure of Dolichoglossus Pusillus + +ALMA EVANS + + +The animals were studied from serial sections cut in several planes. The +stains used were carmine, hematoxylin and eosin. The hematoxylin seemed +to show the tissues more clearly. A graphic reconstruction was +attempted, but did not prove satisfactory because of the individual +artificial foldings and contractions. The drawings were obtained by the +use of a camera lucida. The general drawings, Figs. 1-9 inclusive, are +not filled in in great detail. The special drawings are shown at greater +magnification with more of an attempt to show the actual condition. + +Dolichoglossus is a soft worm-like animal with ciliated surface. It is +divided into three distinct regions: the proboscis, a long club-shaped +organ; the collar, a fold in the surface just behind the proboscis, +and the trunk, a long cylindrical portion posterior to the collar. + +Dolichoglossus is a marine form living in sandy bays or sheltered +places. Mucous glands in the surface epithelium secrete a sticky fluid +which covers the body and to which tiny sand grains stick. The sand +clinging to the mucous coated surface forms a fragile temporary tube +in which the animal is usually secluded. The animals in the living +condition are bright orange or red but lose their color very soon +after preservation in alcohol or formalin. + +The proboscis cavity extending the entire length of the organ is +surrounded by a network of connective tissue supported by longitudinal +bands of plain muscle. This cavity is supposed to communicate with the +exterior by a very small opening, the proboscis pore, but this did not +show in the specimens examined. The heart, proboscis gland and +notochord are located in the posterior part of the proboscis. + +The collar contains the central nervous system, part of the notochord, +the dorsal blood vessel, ventral and dorsal mesenteries, mouth opening +and anterior part of the alimentary canal. + +The trunk contains the alimentary canal, dorsal and ventral blood +vessels, dorsal and ventral nerves, the gill-slits, the reproductive +bodies, dorsal and ventral mesenteries and muscle bands. + +The nervous system consists of three parts: the central, located in +the collar region, Fig. 5; the sub-epidermic network extending over +the entire body just under the surface epithelium, Figs. 1-7; and the +dorsal and ventral strands which are thickenings of the sub-epidermic +network extending throughout the trunk, Figs. 1 and 7. There is also +quite a decided thickening of the sub-epidermic network at the base of +the proboscis, Figs. 5, 6. + +The vascular system consists of two parts, the central and the +peripheral. The central is made up of the heart, a thin-walled vesicle +at the base of the proboscis just dorsal to the notochord, and +connected with it the proboscis gland, a plexus of capillaries just +anterior to the notochord. Fig. 5. The peripheral system is composed +of a ventral and a dorsal vessel. The dorsal starts at the heart and +continues just ventral of the dorsal nerve throughout the length of +the body. Figs. 1, 5, 7. The ventral vessel extends from the posterior +border of the collar to the anal end. It is connected with the dorsal +vessel by a circular vessel in the posterior edge of the collar. + +The mouth is situated ventrally at the base of the proboscis, within +the collar, and opens directly into the straight alimentary canal. +The latter is a straight tube extending from the mouth opening to the +anus. Figs. 5, 1, 7, 9. + +The alimentary canal in the anterior part of the collar gives off a +diverticulum, which grows forward and supports the proboscis. Because +this diverticulum has the vacuolated appearance of the notochordal +tissue of higher animals, it has been regarded as a notochord. It is +largest at the base of the proboscis immediately anterior to the +heart. Figs. 5, 6. + +The paired gill-slits occupy the region just posterior to the collar. +They are arranged in two longitudinal grooves in the dorsal wall. The +number increases throughout life, new slits appearing just behind +those already in place. I found about twenty-five to be the average +number, while particular individuals had as low as eighteen and twenty +and as high as thirty and thirty-one. The gills are formed in the +shape of a U. A skeletal rod or gill bar separates the gills from each +other. The gills are supplied with blood from the dorsal vessel. Figs. +3, 7, 8. + +The sexes are distinct. The ovaries and testes are saccular organs +arranged in a row along the gill and succeeding region. The sacs in +other genera, for example Balanoglossus as described by Shipley, open +directly on to the epidermis. I have been unable to see these openings +in my preparations. Fig. 8 shows the position of the ovaries in the +female; the testes in the male are in a similar location. + +The surface epithelium is modified ciliated columnar, varying slightly +in thickness, size of nuclei and size and shape of cell according to +location. Figs. 13, 14, 15. + +The epithelium forming the gills and intestine is also modified +ciliated columnar. That of the gills having short narrow cells and +small nuclei, and that of the intestine having longer thicker cells +and large nuclei. Figs. 11, 10. + +The connective tissue surrounding the proboscis cavity is of a +peculiar arrangement. The connective tissue itself consists of fine +strands loosely interwoven, but arranged in a definite manner. The +strands form a fine network which gives a beautiful lacy appearance. +Small round nuclei are quite numerous in connection with the strands. +Longitudinal bands of plain muscle are very conspicuous in the +connective tissue. These muscle bands are probably used in altering +the size and shape of the proboscis. Figs. 4, 20, 21. + +The nervous tissue consists of many fibers thickly interwoven. There +are a few small nuclei scattered about among the fibers. Figs. 12, 13. + +The muscle is unstriated. The fibers are very long in some places, +shorter in others and always quite distinct. + + (_Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of Pomona College_) + + +REFERENCES + + _Assheton, Richard_ 1918 + A new species of Dolichoglossus. Zool. Anz. Bd. 33, p. + 517-520. + + _Delage and Herouard_ 1898 + Traite De Zoologie concrete Vol. 8. Les Procordes. + Balanoglossus. + + Encyclopedia Britainica Balanoglossus. + + _Shipley, Arthur E._ 1893 + Zoology of the Invertebrata. Balanoglossus. + + + + +EXPLANATION OF FIGURES + + +Fig. 1. Cross section through the gill region showing gill opening. D. +N., dorsal nerve. D. V., Dorsal vessel. G. O., gill openings. A, +alimentary corps. G., gill. V. N., ventral nerve. V. V. ventral +vessel. N., nervous tissue. x40. + +Fig. 2. Cross section through the base of the proboscis showing +diverticulum wall and proboscis gland. D., diverticulum. N., nervous +tissue. P. G., proboscis gland. x40. + +Fig. 3. Longitudinal section through a gill opening. N., nervous +tissue. G., gill. G. O., gill opening. x40. + +Fig. 4. Cross section through the center of the proboscis. N., nervous +tissue. M. C., muscle in the connective tissue. T., connective tissue. +x90. + +Fig. 5. Longitudinal section through the base of the proboscis and +collar. M., mouth. C. N., central nervous system. H., heart. No., +notochord. P. G., proboscis gland. N., nervous network. A., alimentary +canal. D. V., dorsal ventral. x40. + +Fig. 6. Cross section through the base of the proboscis showing +thickened nerve network. N., nerve network. D., diverticulum wall. H., +heart. x40. + +Fig. 7. Cross section through gill region. D. N., dorsal nerve. D. B. +V., dorsal blood vessel. G. B., gill vessel. V. N., ventral nerve. V. +V., ventral vessel. x40. + +Fig. 8. Longitudinal section through the gill region. G., gills. B., +blood. O., ovary. N., nervous network. x40. + +Fig. 9. Cross section of alimentary canal. A., wall of alimentary +canal. x40. + +Fig. 10. Intestinal epithelium, modified ciliated columnar. x400. + +Fig. 11. Epithelium of the gill, modified ciliated columnar. x400. + +Fig. 12. Nervous tissue. x400. + +Fig. 13. Surface epithelium of proboscis, modified ciliated columnar. +x400. + +Fig. 14. Surface epithelium of collar, modified ciliated columnar. +x400. + +Fig. 15. Surface epithelium of trunk, modified ciliated columnar. +x400. + +Fig. 16. Cells of testis. x400. + +Fig. 17. Ovary. x400. + +Fig. 18. Plain muscle. x400. + +Fig. 19. Epithelium of diverticulum. x400. + +Fig. 20. Connective tissue of proboscis. x400. + +Fig. 21. Muscle bands in proboscis connective tissue. x400. + +[Illustration] + +[Illustration] + +[Illustration] + + + + +Opisthobranchs from Laguna Beach + +The determinations are by Dr. F. M. MacFarland + + +TECTIBRANCHS + + _Pleurobranchaea californica_ MacF. Only one specimen has been + obtained at Laguna Beach, from a depth of from 15 to 20 fathoms. + The specimen was mottled dark above and about 5 inches long. Dr. + MacFarland informs me that this species is quite common in Monterey + Bay and ranges much larger, almost up to 10 inches in length. + + _Navanax inermis_ Cooper. Black, yellow lines, blue spots, yellow + edges. About two inches in length. Another specimen possibly may be + the same species, black with yellow spots. Apparently the same form + occurs at Balboa. + + _Aglaja (Doridium) purpureum_ Berg.? Brown, dredged 10 to 15 f. + + +NUDIBRANCHS + + _Triopha sp._ Large, brown. Holdfast. + + _Flabellina iodinea_ Cooper. Narrow blue body, red appendages. + Swims by lateral movements of the body. This beautiful nudibranch + was first found near Laguna by Miss M. Cate, not far from Dana's + point in 1916. In Jan. 15, '18, Mrs. May found a number near + Laguna Beach. + + _Dirona picta_ MacF. Light brown, long thick appendages. + Holdfasts and tidepools common in 1915. + + _Aegires_ sp. Knobs. Brick red, body clear. + + _Chromodoris universitatis_ Cock. Blue, yellow spots. + + _Polycera atra_ MacF. Red-brown, black stripes, brown spots. July + 10, 1915. + + _Facelina_ sp. Body clear, appendages dark. + + _Ancula pacifica_ MacF.? Clear white, two yellow lines in front, + one behind. Front appendages and two lateral tipped with yellow. + + _Cadlina_ Sp.? Dark brown, flattened. + + _Aeolidia_ sp. White to pink, appendages brown. + + W. A. H. + + + + +Central Nervous System of the Sand Dollar Dendraster Excentricus Esh + +WILLIAM A. HILTON + + +There seems to be little or no literature on the central nervous +system of this form of echinoderm. As might be expected, the general +arrangement of radial and circumoral bands are much as in sea-urchins, +such as shown especially by Delage and Herouard 1903. There are +however some interesting features which make the study of this type of +special value. + +In this paper only the chief mass of the central nervous system is +considered. The more evident parts of the central nervous system are +arranged in general as in other forms. The circumoral nerves issue +from under the lantern and run along the oral, cross over at the edge +of the shell and then run along the aboral side. The five radial +nerves converge at the five ocular areas near the center of the aboral +region. The circumoral nerve ring is looped over and under parts of +the lantern. Fig. 1 shows a part of the lantern and parts of three +loops of the circumoral nerve trunk. In the center of the figure one +fifth of the lantern is drawn in and from under it a radial nerve is +shown in the lower part of the figure. To the left and to the right of +the central bony part of the lantern the union of a radial with a +circumoral nerve is shown. At the junction of each radial nerve with +the circumoral, is a little thickening which seems to be a special +cellular mass such as I have not found in other forms. Fig. 7 is a +section through a part of a circumoral strand, much enlarged. There +are only a few nerve cells, from one to two layers. + +As the radial nerves leave the lantern they are quite evident in +dissected specimens as they are close to the bony skeleton with very +little connective or other tissues to obscure them. The use of aqueous +methylene blue aids in following the smaller branches. Near the +lantern the branches are small as shown in fig. 2. When the region is +reached where the upper and lower surfaces of the shell begin to fuse, +the branches become larger and more irregularly arranged, as shown in +the lower part of fig. 1 and fig. 2. After the nerve turns to run on +the aboral side there is no change in arrangement until the region of +the tube feet is reached. In the region of the tube feet the nerves +become more numerous, smaller and more regular. The general +distribution of the nerves and the arrangement of the tube feet nerves +are shown in fig. 4 which is from part of the upper end of the aboral +nerve. The holes in the skeleton for the tube feet are shown as +circles on each side of the diagram. + +The general structure of the chief central nerve trunks is quite +similar as shown in sections. Figs. 6, 7 and 8. The nerve trunks have +about one to two layers of cells, the main part of the nerves are +composed of longitudinal fibers. There are not so many evident +vertical fibers from cells as found in starfish and some other forms. +This change in position of the fibers may be in part due to the +general modification of structure. Whether this arrangement leads to +other types of nerve association is a question. + +When the nerve trunks are removed, stained in methylene blue and +examined with the microscope something of the arrangement of the cells +may be seen. In the circumoral and oral radial nerves the nerve cells +are thickly massed from side to side, but in the upper part of the +aboral nerve there is an evident arrangement of nerve cells in zones. +There is usually a central more or less clear zone, next on each side +a rather dense cell area and next on each side a very dense cell area, +then a narrow nearly clear zone on each side again. + +As a rule slightly larger cells are found near the nerve trunks and as +some of these seem to send long branches out into the lateral trunks, +they may be motor or sensory, the association neurones are probably +the smaller cells in farther. The cells seem multipolar in most cases +and in fact much more modified than the cells of starfish or +sea-urchin. Figs. 9 and 10. + + +REFERENCES + + _Delage and Herouard_ 1903 Traite de zoologie concrete. T. iii. + Les Echinoderms. + + _Hamann, O._ 1887 Beitrage zur Histologie der Echinodermen. Jenna + Zeit. Nat. W. xxi. + + _Hilton, W. A._ 1917 Some remarks on the nervous system of two + sea-urchins. Jour. ent. and zoo. vol. ix, no. 4. + + (_Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of Pomona College_) + + +Explanation of Figures + +Fig. 1. Diagram of one fifth of Aristotle's lantern of _Dendraster_ +showing three loops of the circumoral nerve ring, and parts of three +radial nerves, the central one partly hidden at its origin by the +lantern. The nerves are in black. x9. + +Fig. 2. Drawing of part of the first part of an oral radial nerve. x9. + +Fig. 3. Drawing of the lower end of an oral radial nerve. x9. + +Fig. 4. Drawing of the upper part of an aboral radial nerve. The eye +spot region is up in the figure. x9. + +Fig. 5. Camera lucida drawing of a part of an aboral nerve showing +position of cell areas. x70. + +Fig. 6. Drawing of a section of an oral radial nerve. x300. + +Fig. 7. Drawing of a section of circumoral nerve. x300. + +Fig. 8. Drawing of a section of aboral nerve. x300. + +Fig. 9. Nerve cells from central regions of a radial nerve. The +arrangement is as shown in the drawing, cells of various levels shown +as one layer. Some of the processes possibly relate nearby cells, but +most fibers run into the general fibrous mass. All fibers or fibrils +are small. There is some indication of tigroid substance in some of +the cells. x450. + +Fig. 10. Nerve cells from near a lateral branch from the radial band. +x450. + +[Illustration] + + + + +Ants from the Claremont Laguna Region + + +This list includes ants collected chiefly in 1917. All determinations +are by Dr. W. M. Wheeler. + + _Novomessor andrei_ Mayr. red var. Also some dark. Claremont. + + _N. pergandei_ Mayr. Medium, dark colored. Claremont. + + _Pogonomyrmex californicus_ Buckley Claremont. + + _Pheidole longipes_ Pergande Claremont. + + _Pediole_ sp. Claremont. + + _Crematogaster lineolata_ Say. Subsp. _californica_ Emery. + Claremont. + + _C. l._ Say. subsp. _corctata_ Emery. Claremont. + + _Solenopsis molesta_ Say. var. _validiuscula_ Emery. Claremont. + + _S. geminata_ Fab. var. Claremont. + + _Liometopum occidentale_ Emery. Mts. and Claremont. + + _Iridomyrex pruinosus_ Roger var. _analis_ Ern. Andre. + + _I. humilis_ Mayr (Argentine ant) Claremont. + + _Dorymyrmex pyramicus_ Roger _var._ Claremont. + + _Prenolepis imparis_ Say. Below Aliso canon, Laguna Beach and + Claremont. + + _Tapinoma sessile_ Say. Laguna Beach. + + _Myrmecocystus melliger_ Forel var. (Honey ant) Claremont. + + _M. mexicanus_ Wesm. sub sp. _mojave_ Wheeler (Honey ant) + Claremont. + + _Formica rufibarbis_ Fb. var _occidua_ Wheeler. Claremont. + + _F. cinerea_ Mayr. subsp. _pilicornis_ Emery. Claremont. + + _Camponotus (Myrmoturba) maculatus_ Fb. subsp. _vicinus_ Mayr. + _var. luteangulus_ Wheeler. Claremont. + + W. A. H. + + (_Contribution from the Zoological Laboratory of Pomona College_) + + + + +JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY--_Advertising Section_ + + + _The_ Journal _of_ + Zoological Research + + _Edited by + WALTER E. COLLINGE, M. Sc., F. L. S., F. E. S. + The Gatty Marine Laboratory + The University, St. Andrews, Scotland_ + + The subject matter is strictly confined to original zoological + research--systematic and anatomical. Fully illustrated by + lithographic plates and text figures. + + Each volume will consist of 4 parts, price $5. + + _All subscriptions should be forwarded to_ + + Messrs. Dulau & Co., Ltd. + 37 Soho Square, London, W., England + + +GRIFFITH Incubators + +[Illustration: A simple, well constructed bacteriological incubator] + + +GAGE--The Microscope + +=An Introduction to Microscopic Methods and to Histology= + +By SIMON H. GAGE. + + Twelfth Edition. Entirely rewritten, and with many new + illustrations. Price, postpaid, $3.00. + +This work aims to give help to everyone who uses the microscope, +whether he is a beginner or an advanced worker. + + +COMSTOCK--A Manual for the Study of Insects + + By JOHN HENRY COMSTOCK, Professor of Entomology in Cornell + University, and ANNA BOTSFORD COMSTOCK, member of the Society of + American Wood-Engravers. 8vo. cloth, IX. +701 pages, 797 figures in + the text, and six full page plates. Nearly all of the figures were + engraved especially for this work. Postpaid $4.07; net $3.75. + +This hand-book is designed to meet the needs of teachers in the public +schools and of students in high schools and colleges. + + +NEEDHAM--General Biology + +=A book of outlines and practical studies for the general student= + + By JAMES G. NEEDHAM, Professor of Limnology and General Biology + in Cornell University. Cloth 8vo. XIV. +542 pages; 288 figures, + mostly original. Postpaid $2.00. + +This book is expressly designed to help the general student obtain a +comprehensive grasp of the principles of biology. + + +NEEDHAM & LLOYD--The Life of Inland Waters + +A Text-Book of Freshwater Biology + + By JAMES G. NEEDHAM, Ph.D., Professor of Limnology and General + Biology in Cornell University, and JOHN T. LLOYD, A.B., Assistant + in Limnology in Cornell University. + +This book is a broad presentation of the field of fresh-water biology, +primarily in its scientific aspects, also in its relation to +commercial, civic, aesthetic and public health interests of man. There +is no book in the English language covering the field. Copiously +illustrated with photographs from Nature. 438 pages; 244 figures. +Price $3.00. + + +GAGE--Optic Projection + + By SIMON HENRY GAGE, Professor Emeritus of Histology and + Embryology in Cornell University, and Henry Phelps Gage, Ph. D. + +This work of over 700 pages and with over 400 figures is of especial +interest to workers in all fields of Biology in that it deals +especially with the use of the Projection Microscope for +demonstrations and for drawing. It also gives the fundamental +principles of all the forms of projection. A 16-page circular will be +sent on request. Postpaid, $3.00. + + +RILEY--Handbook of Medical Entomology + + By WM. A. RILEY, Ph. D., Professor of Insect Morphology and + Parasitology in Cornell University and O. A. JOHANNSEN, Ph. D., + Professor of Biology in Cornell University. + +A concise account of poisonous, and disease-carrying insects and their +allies, including descriptions and illustrations of the principal +species, with keys for their determination, and method of control. +Bound Library Buckram, medium 8vo. Nearly 375 pages. Price $2.00 net. + + _Send for Descriptive Circular_ + + =The Comstock Publishing Company= + =Cornell Heights, Ithaca, N. Y.= + + +THE "ALL GLASS MOUNT" + +for _Lepidoptera_ and other insects + +[Illustration: _Odontolabis wollastoni, Java_] + +We are able at last to offer our customers an all glass mount that we +believe comes nearer to meeting the requirements of museums and +private collectors than any previously put on the market. + +No cut can properly show this mount, which must be seen to be +appreciated. Write for Circular 192, which describes fully what we are +offering. + +When in need of Entomological supplies remember that we have the best +insect pins on the market and that our hand made Schmitt insect boxes +with three ply tops and bottoms are unsurpassed. Catalogue No. 33 free +on application. + +Prompt shipments can be made from our large stock of United States and +exotic insects of all orders. We also prepare 150 different +metamorphoses of beneficial and injurious insects. Pupae now on hand +are listed in circular No. 198. Other circulars and price lists free +upon request. + + =Ward's Natural Science Establishment= + =84-102 College Ave. Rochester, N. Y.= + + +Entomological News + + A forty-eight page illustrated magazine, published monthly except + August and September, devoted to the study of INSECT LIFE. It + contains a list of the titles of the current Entomological + Literature, and also articles by the leading Entomologists in the + United States and Canada. Valuable information for the beginner, the + economic entomologist and the systematist. + + To new subscribers, $1.90; Renewals, $2.00; payable in advance. + Single copies 25 cents. Address + + ENTOMOLOGICAL NEWS + 1900 Race Street, Philadelphia, Pa. + + + CLASS WORK MATERIAL + + CAN BE PROCURED AT ANY TIME OF + THE YEAR FROM + + C. S. BRIMLEY, Zoologist + 1135 Newberne Avenue + RALEIGH, N. C., U. S. A. + + Twenty-one years' experience Price List on Application + + +The Journal of Parasitology + +A Quarterly Devoted to Medical Zoology + +This journal will be a medium for the prompt publication of briefer +papers and research notes on animal parasites. Emphasis laid on the +morphology, life history and biology of zooparasites and the relations +of animals to disease. + + Subscription, $2.00 a Volume + + Managing Editor, HENRY B. WARD; + + Univ. Illinois, Urbana, Illinois + + +Do Business by Mail + +It's profitable, with accurate lists of prospects. Our catalogue +contains vital information on Mail Advertising. Also prices and +quantity on 6,000 national mailing lists, 99% guaranteed. Such as: + + War Material Mfrs. Wealthy Men Fly Paper Mfrs. + Cheese Box Mfrs. Ice Mfrs. Foundries + Shoe Retailers Doctors Farmers + Tin Can Mfrs. Axle Grease Mfrs. Fish Hook Mfrs. + Druggists Railroad Employees Feather Duster Mfrs. + Auto Owners Contractors Hotels + +Write for this valuable reference book. + +Ross-Gould, 1027H Olive Street, St. Louis. + + Ross-Gould + Mailing + Lists St. Louis + + + + +Pomona College + + +Located in one of the most healthful and beautiful parts of the west +coast. The mountains reach an elevation of ten thousand feet within a +few miles of the college and these with the nearby ocean afford many +special advantages for the study of things not in books. Special +advantages are afforded by the fact that the college limits its +attendance, the freshman class being restricted to two hundred +applicants. The success of the college is particularly indicated by +the large proportion of the graduates who proceed to advanced work in +the large universities. In addition, well-manned departments of music +and art afford exceptional advantages. + +For further information, address + + SECRETARY OF POMONA COLLEGE + Claremont, California + + + + +Transcriber's Note: + + + * Text enclosed between equal signs was in bold face in the + original (=bold=). + + * Pg 29 Corrected spelling of "losely" to "loosely" in "... of fine + strands losely ..." + + * Pg 34 Corrected spelling of "lilnes" to "lines" in "... two yellow + lilnes in front ..." + + * Pg 36 Accent corrections on reference for "Traite de zoologie + concrete" + + * Pg 38 Corrected spelling of "say." to "Say." in "... say. subsp. ..." + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's Journal of Entomology and Zoology, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK JOURNAL OF ENTOMOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY *** + +***** This file should be named 34094.txt or 34094.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/4/0/9/34094/ + +Produced by Larry B. Harrison and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, +set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to +copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to +protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark. Project +Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you +charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission. If you +do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the +rules is very easy. You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose +such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and +research. They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do +practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks. Redistribution is +subject to the trademark license, especially commercial +redistribution. + + + +*** START: FULL LICENSE *** + +THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE +PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK + +To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free +distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work +(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project +Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project +Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at +https://gutenberg.org/license). + + +Section 1. General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic works + +1.A. By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to +and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property +(trademark/copyright) agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all +the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy +all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession. +If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the +terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or +entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8. + +1.B. "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark. It may only be +used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who +agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few +things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works +even without complying with the full terms of this agreement. See +paragraph 1.C below. There are a lot of things you can do with Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement +and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. See paragraph 1.E below. + +1.C. The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation" +or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the +collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an +individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are +located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from +copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative +works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg +are removed. Of course, we hope that you will support the Project +Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by +freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of +this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with +the work. You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by +keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project +Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others. + +1.D. The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern +what you can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in +a constant state of change. If you are outside the United States, check +the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement +before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or +creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project +Gutenberg-tm work. The Foundation makes no representations concerning +the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United +States. + +1.E. Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg: + +1.E.1. The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate +access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently +whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the +phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project +Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, +copied or distributed: + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + +1.E.2. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived +from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is +posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied +and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees +or charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work +with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the +work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1 +through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the +Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or +1.E.9. + +1.E.3. If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted +with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution +must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional +terms imposed by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked +to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the +permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work. + +1.E.4. Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this +work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm. + +1.E.5. Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this +electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without +prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with +active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project +Gutenberg-tm License. + +1.E.6. You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, +compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any +word processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or +distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than +"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version +posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org), +you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a +copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon +request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other +form. Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm +License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1. + +1.E.7. Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, +performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works +unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9. + +1.E.8. You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing +access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided +that + +- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from + the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method + you already use to calculate your applicable taxes. The fee is + owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he + has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the + Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation. Royalty payments + must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you + prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax + returns. Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and + sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the + address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to + the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation." + +- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies + you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he + does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm + License. You must require such a user to return or + destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium + and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of + Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any + money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the + electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days + of receipt of the work. + +- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free + distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works. + +1.E.9. If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm +electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set +forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from +both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael +Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark. Contact the +Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below. + +1.F. + +1.F.1. Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable +effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread +public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm +collection. Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain +"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or +corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual +property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a +computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by +your equipment. + +1.F.2. LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right +of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project +Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project +Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all +liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal +fees. YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT +LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE +PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH 1.F.3. YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE +TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE +LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR +INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH +DAMAGE. + +1.F.3. LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a +defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can +receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a +written explanation to the person you received the work from. If you +received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with +your written explanation. The person or entity that provided you with +the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a +refund. If you received the work electronically, the person or entity +providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to +receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund. If the second copy +is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further +opportunities to fix the problem. + +1.F.4. Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth +in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER +WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO +WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE. + +1.F.5. Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied +warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages. +If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the +law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be +interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by +the applicable state law. The invalidity or unenforceability of any +provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions. + +1.F.6. INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the +trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone +providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance +with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production, +promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works, +harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees, +that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do +or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm +work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any +Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause. + + +Section 2. Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm + +Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of +electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers +including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers. It exists +because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from +people in all walks of life. + +Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the +assistance they need are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's +goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will +remain freely available for generations to come. In 2001, the Project +Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure +and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations. +To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation +and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4 +and the Foundation web page at https://www.pglaf.org. + + +Section 3. Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive +Foundation + +The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit +501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the +state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal +Revenue Service. The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification +number is 64-6221541. Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at +https://pglaf.org/fundraising. Contributions to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent +permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws. + +The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S. +Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered +throughout numerous locations. Its business office is located at +809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email +business@pglaf.org. Email contact links and up to date contact +information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official +page at https://pglaf.org + +For additional contact information: + Dr. Gregory B. Newby + Chief Executive and Director + gbnewby@pglaf.org + + +Section 4. Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg +Literary Archive Foundation + +Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide +spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of +increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be +freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest +array of equipment including outdated equipment. Many small donations +($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt +status with the IRS. + +The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating +charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United +States. Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a +considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up +with these requirements. We do not solicit donations in locations +where we have not received written confirmation of compliance. To +SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any +particular state visit https://pglaf.org + +While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we +have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition +against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who +approach us with offers to donate. + +International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make +any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from +outside the United States. U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff. + +Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation +methods and addresses. Donations are accepted in a number of other +ways including including checks, online payments and credit card +donations. To donate, please visit: https://pglaf.org/donate + + +Section 5. General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic +works. + +Professor Michael S. Hart was the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm +concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared +with anyone. For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project +Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support. + + +Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed +editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S. +unless a copyright notice is included. Thus, we do not necessarily +keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition. + + +Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility: + + https://www.gutenberg.org + +This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm, +including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary +Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to +subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks. |