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diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6833f05 --- /dev/null +++ b/.gitattributes @@ -0,0 +1,3 @@ +* text=auto +*.txt text +*.md text diff --git a/33477-8.txt b/33477-8.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..29f7171 --- /dev/null +++ b/33477-8.txt @@ -0,0 +1,2104 @@ +The Project Gutenberg EBook of Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, +Volume 5, Appendix, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Appendix + Author List + +Author: Various + +Release Date: August 21, 2010 [EBook #33477] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ENCYC. BRITANNICA, VOL 5, APPENDIX *** + + + + +Produced by Marius Masi, Don Kretz and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + + + THE + ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA + + ELEVENTH EDITION + + + + + FIRST edition, published in three volumes, 1768-1771. + SECOND " " ten " 1777-1784. + THIRD " " eighteen " 1788-1797. + FOURTH " " twenty " 1801-1810. + FIFTH " " twenty " 1815-1817. + SIXTH " " twenty " 1823-1824. + SEVENTH " " twenty-one " 1830-1842. + EIGHTH " " twenty-two " 1853-1860. + NINTH " " twenty-five " 1875-1889. + TENTH " ninth edition and eleven + supplementary volumes, 1902-1903. + ELEVENTH " published in twenty-nine volumes, 1910-1911. + + + + + COPYRIGHT + in all countries subscribing to the + Bern Convention + + by + THE CHANCELLOR, MASTERS AND SCHOLARS + of the + UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE + + _All rights reserved_ + + + + + THE + ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA + + A + DICTIONARY + OF + ARTS, SCIENCES, LITERATURE AND GENERAL + INFORMATION + + ELEVENTH EDITION + + VOLUME V + + CALHOUN to CHATELAINE + + + New York + Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. + 342 Madison Avenue + + + Copyright, in the United States of America, 1910, + by + The Encyclopædia Britannica Company. + + + + +INITIALS USED IN VOLUME V. TO IDENTIFY INDIVIDUAL CONTRIBUTORS,[1] +WITH THE HEADINGS OF THE ARTICLES IN THIS VOLUME SO SIGNED. + + +A. Bo.* + AUGUSTE BOUDINHON, D.D., D.C.L. + Professor of Canon Law at the Catholic University of Paris. + Honorary Canon of Paris. Editor of the _Canoniste Contemporain_. + + Canon Law: _General_; + Cardinal. + + +A. C. S. + ALGERNON CHARLES SWINBURNE. + See the biographical article, SWINBURNE, ALGERNON CHARLES. + + Chapman George (_in part_). + + +A. E. H. + A. E. HOUGHTON. + Formerly Correspondent of The _Standard_ in Spain. Author of + _Restoration of the Bourbons in Spain_. + + Camacho; + Canovas del Castillo; + Castelar y Ripoll. + + +A. E. S. + ARTHUR EVERETT SHIPLEY, F.R.S., F.Z.S., F.L.S. + Fellow, Tutor and Lecturer of Christ's College, Cambridge. + University Reader in Zoology. Formerly University Lecturer on the + Advanced Morphology of the Invertebrata. Author of _Zoology of + the Invertebrata_. Editor of the Pitt Press _Natural Science + Manuals_, &c. + + Chaetognatha; + Chaetosomatida. + + +A. Go.* + REV. ALEXANDER GORDON, M.A. + Lecturer in Church History at the University of Manchester. + + Carranza. + + +A. H. J. G. + ABEL HENDY JONES GREENIDGE, D.LITT. (Oxon.), (d. 1905). + Formerly Fellow and Lecturer of Hertford College, Oxford, and of + St John's College, Oxford. Author of _Infamia in Roman Law_; + _Handbook of Greek Constitutional History_; _Roman Public Life, + History of Rome_. Joint-author of _Sources of Roman History_, + 133-70 B.C. + + Censor: _Ancient_. + + +A. H. S. + REV. ARCHIBALD HENRY SAYCE, D.LITT., LL.D. + See the biographical article, SAYCE, A. H. + +Caria. + + +A. J. G. + REV. ALEXANDER JAMES GRIEVE, M.A., B.D. + Professor of New Testament and Church History at the United + Independent College, Bradford. Sometime Registrar of Madras + University and Member of Mysore Educational Service. + + Catechism; + Calvin (_in part_). + + +A. L. + ANDREW LANG. + See the biographical article, LANG, ANDREW. + + Casket Letters. + + +A. Lo. + AUGUSTE LONGNON. + Professor at the Collège de France. Director of the École des + hautes études. Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. Member of the + Institute. Author of _Livre des vassaux du Comté de Champagne et + de Brie_; _Géographie de la Gaule au VI siècle_; _Atlas historique + de la France depuis César jusqu'à nos jours_; &c. + + Champagne. + + +A. M. C. + AGNES MARY CLERKE. + See the biographical article, CLERKE, A. M. + + Cassini. + + +A. M. Cl. + AGNES MURIEL CLAY (MRS WILDE). + Late Resident Tutor of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford. Joint-author of + _Sources of Roman History_, 133-70 B.C. + + Centumviri. + + +A. N. + ALFRED NEWTON, F.R.S. + See the biographical article, NEWTON, ALFRED. + + Canary; + Capercally. + + +A. P. C. + ARTHUR PHILEMON COLEMAN. F.R.S. + Professor of Geology, University of Toronto. + + Canada: _Geography_. + + +A. P. H. + ALFRED PETER HILLIER, M.D., M.P. + Author of _South African Studies_; _The Commonweal_; &c. Served in + Kaffir War, 1878-1879. Partner with Dr L. S. Jameson in medical + practice in South Africa till 1096. Member of Reform Committee, + Johannesburg, and Political Prisoner at Pretoria, 1895-1896. M.P. + for Hitchin division of Herts, 1910. + + Cape Colony: § _History_ (_in part_). + + +A. SI. + ARTHUR SHADWELL, M.A., M.D., LL.D., F.R.C.P. + Member of Council of Epidemiological Society. Author of _The + London Water-Supply_; _Industrial Efficiency_; _Drink, Temperante + and Legislation_. + + Cancer. + + +A. S. C. + ALAN SUMMERLY COLE, C.B. + Assistant Secretary for Art, Board of Education, 1900-1908. Took + part in organization of the Textile Manufacturers' Section, St + Louis Exhibition, 1904. Author of _Ancient Needle Point and Pillow + Lace_; _Embroidery and Lace_; _Ornament in European Silks_;&c. + + Carpet. + + +A. V. De P. + A. VAN DE PUT. + Assistant, Victoria and Albert Museum, South Kensington. Author of + _Hispano-Moresque Ware of the XV. Century_; _The Aragonese + Double-Crown and the Borja or Borgia Device_. + + Ceramics: § _Hispano-Moresque._ + + +A. Wa. + ARTHUR WAUGH, M.A. + Managing Director of Chapman & Hall, Ltd., Publishers. Formerly + literary adviser to Kegan Paul & Co. Author of _Alfred Lord + Tennyson_; _Legends of the Wheel_; _Robert Browning_ in + "Westminster Biographies." Editor of Johnson's _Lives of the + Poets_. + + Calverley, C. S. + + +A. W. H.* + ARTHUR WILLIAM HOLLAND. + Formerly Scholar of St John's College, Oxford. Bacon Scholar of + Gray's Inn, 1900. + + Charlemagne. + + +A. Z. + ALICE ZIMMERN. + Author of _Methods of Education in the United States_; _The + Renaissance of Girls' Education in England_; _Women's Suffrage in + Many Lands_; &c. + + Carpenter, Mary. + + +B. Bl. + BERTRAM BLOUNT, F.C.S., F.I.C. + Consulting Chemist to the Crown Agents for the Colonies. Hon. + President, Cement Section of International Association for Testing + Materials, Buda-Pesth. Author of _Practical Electro-Chemistry_. + + Cement. + + +B. Ra. + BERNARD RACKHAM, M.A. + Assistant, Victoria and Albert Museum, South Kensington. + + Ceramics: § _German, Dutch and Scandinavian._ + + +C.F.A. + CHARLES FRANCIS ATKINSON. + Formerly Scholar of Queen's College, Oxford. Captain, 1st City of + London (Royal Fusiliers). Author of _The Wilderness and Cold + Harbour_. + + Castle (_in part_). + + +C. F. C. + C. F. CROSS., B.SC. (Lond.), F.C.S., F.I.C. + Analytical and Consulting Chemist. + + Cellulose. + + +C. J. J. + CHARLES JASPER JOLY, F.R.S., F.R.A.S. (1864-1906). + Royal Astronomer of Ireland and Andrews Professor of Astronomy in + the University of Dublin, 1897-1906. Fellow of Trinity College, + Dublin. Secretary of the Royal Irish Academy. + + Camera Lucida; + Camera Obscura (_in Part_). + + +C. L. + H. CALDWELL LIPSETT. + Formerly Editor of the _Civil and Military Gazette_, Lahore, + India. Author of _Lord Curzon in India; &c._ + + Ceylon (_in part_). + + +C. Pf. + CHRISTIAN PFISTER, D-ÈS-L. + Professor at the Sorbonne, Paris. Chevalier of the Legion of + Honour. Author of _Études sur le règne de Robert le Pieux_. + + Capitulary; Carolingians; Charibert; Charles Martel. + + +C. R. B. + CHARLES RAYMOND BEAZLEY, M.A., D.LITT. + Professor of Modern History in the University of Birmingham. + Formerly Fellow of Merton College, Oxford. University Lecturer in + the History of Geography. Author of _Henry the Navigator_; _The + Dawn of Modern Geography_; &c. + + Cam, Diogo; + Carpini (_in part_); + Chang Chun. + + +C. S. L. + CHARLES STEWART LOCH, D.C.L. (Oxford), LL.D. (ST ANDREWS). + Secretary to the Council of the London Charity Organization + Society since 1875. Member of the Royal Commission on the Poor + Laws. Dunkin Trust Lecturer, Manchester College, Oxford, 1896 and + 1902. Vice-President, Royal Statistical Society, + 1894-1895-1897-1901. Author of _Charity Organization_; _Old Age + Pensions and Pauperism_; _Methods of Social Advance_; &c. + + Charity and Charities. + + +D. E. J. + REV. D. E. JENKINS. + Calvinistic Methodist Minister, Denbigh. Author of _Life of Lewis + Charles Edwards of Bala_. + + Calvinistic Methodists; + Charles, Thomas. + + +D. F. T. + DONALD FRANCIS TOVEY. + Author of _Essays in Musical Analysis_: comprising _The Classical + Concerto_, _The Goldberg Variations_, and analyses of many other + classical works. + + Cantata. + + +D. G. H. + DAVID GEORGE HOGARTH, M.A. + Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. Fellow of the British Academy. + Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. Excavated at Paphos, 1888; + Naucratis, 1899 and 1903; Ephesus, 1904-1905; Assiut, 1906-1907; + Director, British School at Athens, 1897-1900; Director, Cretan + Exploration Fund, 1899. + + Cappadocia (_in part_). + + +D. H. + DAVID HANNAY. + Formerly British Vice-Consul at Barcelona. Author of _Short + History of the Royal Navy_; _Life of Emilio Castelar_; &c. + + Carvajal, Luisa de; + Château-Renault. + + +D. Ll. T. + DANIEL LLEUFER THOMAS. + Barrister at law, Lincoln's Inn. Stipendiary Magistrate at + Pontypridd and Rhondda. + + Cardiff. + + +D. Mn. + REV. DUGALD MACFADYEN, M.A. + Minister of South Grove Congregational Church, Highgate. Author of + _Constructive Congregational Ideals_; &c. + + Campbell, John McLeod; + Chalmers, Thomas (_in part_). + + +E. Ar. + EDWARD ARMSTRONG, M.A. + Fellow of the British Academy. Fellow, Bursar and Lecturer in + Modern History, Queen's College, Oxford. Warden of Bradfield + College. Lecturer to the University in Foreign History, 1902-1904. + Author of _The Emperor Charles V._; _Elisabeth Farnese_; _Lorenzo + de Medici_; _The French Wars of Religion_; &c. + + Charles V., Emperor. + + +E. A. J. + E. ALFRED JONES. + Author of _Old English Gold Plate; Old Church Plate of the Isle of + Man_; _Old Silver Sacramental Vessels of Foreign Protestant + Churches in England_; _Illustrated Catalogue of Leopold de + Rothschild's Collection of Old Plate_; _A Private Catalogue of The + Royal Plate at Windsor Castle_; &c. + + Cellini, Benvenuto (_in part_). + + +E. B.* + ERNEST CHARLES FRANÇOIS BABELON. + Professor at the Collège de France. Keeper of the department of + Medals and Antiquities at the Bibliothèque Nationale. Member of + the Académie des Inscriptions de Belles Lettres, Paris. Chevalier + of the Legion of Honour. Author of _Descriptions Historiques des + Monnaies de la République Romaine_; _Traités des Monnaies Grecques + et Romaines_; _Catalogue des Camées de la Bibliothèque Nationale_. + + Carthage: _Ancient._ + + +E. C. + EDWARD CAIRD, D.C.L., D.LITT. + See the biographical article, CAIRD, EDWARD. + + Cartesianism. + + +E. C. B. + RT. REV. EDWARD CUTHBERT BUTLER, O.S.B., M.A., D.LITT. (Dublin). + Abbot of Downside Abbey, Bath. Author of "The Lausiac History of + Palladius," in _Cambridge Texts and Studies_, vol. vi. + + Camaldulians; + Canon: _Church Dignitary_; + Capuchins; + Carmelites; + Carthusians; + Celestines. + + +E. C. Q. + EDMUND CROSBY QUIGGIN, M.A. + Fellow of, and Lecturer in Modern Languages and Monro Lecturer in + Celtic at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. + + Celt: _Languages and Literature_. + + +E. G. + EDMUND GOSSE, LL.D. + See the biographical article, GOSSE, EDMUND + + Canzone; + Carew, Thomas; + Cavendish, George; + Chansons de Geste; + Chant Royal. + + +E. Gr. + ERNEST ARTHUR GARDNER. + See the biographical article, GARDNER, PERCY. + + Calydon; + Ceos; + Cephalonia. + + +E. H. B. + SIR EDWARD HERBERT BUNBURY, BART., M.A., F.R.G.S. (d. 1895). + M.P. for Bury-St-Edmunds, 1847-1852. Author of a _History of + Ancient Geography_, &c. + + Cappadocia (_in part_). + + +E. H. G. + E. H. GODFREY. + Editor, Census and Statistics Office, Department of Agriculture, + Ottawa. + + Canada: § _Agriculture_. + + +E. H. M. + ELLIS HOVELL MINNS, M.A. + University Lecturer in Palaeography, Cambridge. Lecturer and + Assistant Librarian at Pembroke College, Cambridge. Formerly + Fellow of Pembroke College. + + Carpi: _Ancient Tribes_. + + +E. L. W. + SIR EDWARD LEADER WILLIAMS (d. 1910). + Vice-President, Institute of Civil Engineers. Consulting Engineer, + Manchester Ship Canal. Chief Engineer of the Manchester Ship Canal + during its construction. Author of papers printed in _Proceedings + of Institute of Civil Engineers_. + + Canal. + + +Ed. M. + EDUARD MEYER, PH.D., D.LITT. (Oxon.), LL.D. (Chicago). + Professor of Ancient History in the University of Berlin. Author + of _Geschichte des Alterthums_; _Geschichte des alten Aegyptens_; + _Die Israeliten und ihre Nachbarstämme_. + + Cambyses. + + +E. O.* + EDMUND OWEN, M.B., F.R.C.S., LL.D., D.SC. + Consulting Surgeon to St Mary's Hospital, London, and to the + Children's Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London. Chevalier of the + Legion of Honour. Late Examiner in Surgery at the Universities of + Cambridge, London and Durham. Author of _A Manual of Anatomy for + Senior Students_. + + Carbuncle. + + +E. Pr. + EDGAR PRESTAGE. + Special Lecturer in Portuguese Literature in the University of + Manchester. Examiner in Portuguese in the Universities of London, + Manchester, &c. Commendador Portuguese Order of S. Thiago. + Corresponding Member of Lisbon Royal Academy of Sciences, Lisbon + Geographical Society, &c. Author of _Letters of a Portuguese Nun_; + _Azurara's Chronicle of Guinea_; &c. + + Camoens; + Castello Branco; + Castilho. + + +E. Tn. + REV. ETHELRED LEONARD TAUNTON (d. 1907). + Author of _The English Black Monks of St Benedict_; _History of + the Jesuits in England_; &c. + + Campeggio; + Campion, Edmund; + Cano, Melchior; + Cassander, George; + Castellesi. + + +E. V. + REV. EDMUND VENABLES, M.A., D.D. (1819-1895). + Canon and Precentor of Lincoln. Author of _Episcopal Palaces of + England_. + + Catacomb (_in part_). + + +F. C. C. + FREDERICK CORNWALLIS CONYBEARE, M.A., D.TH. (Giessen). + Fellow of the British Academy. Formerly Fellow of University + College, Oxford. Author of _The Ancient Armenian Texts of + Aristotle_; _Myth, Magic and Morals_ (1909); &c. + + Cathars. + + +F. J. H. + FRANCIS JOHN HAVERFIELD, M.A., LL.D. (Aberdeen), F.S.A. + Camden Professor of Ancient History at Oxford University. Fellow + of Brasenose College, Oxford. Fellow of the British Academy. + Member of the German Imperial Archaeological Institute. Formerly + Senior Censor, Student, Tutor and Librarian of Christ Church, + Oxford. Ford's Lecturer, 1906. Author of Monographs on Roman + History, &c. + + Celtiberia; Cassiterides. + + +F. Ll. G. + FRANCIS LLEWELYN GRIFFITH, M.A., PH.D. (Leipzig), F.S.A. + Reader in Egyptology, Oxford University. Editor of the + Archaeological Survey and Archaeological Reports of the Egypt + Exploration Fund. Fellow of Imperial German Archaeological + Institute. + + Canopus. + + +F. H. M. + COL. FREDERIC NATUSCH MAUDE, C.B. + Lecturer in Military History at Manchester University. Author of + _War and the World Policy_; _The Leipzig Campaign_; _The Jena + Campaign_. + + Cavalry. + + +F. Px. + FRANK PUAUX. + President of the Société de l'Histoire du Protestantisme français. + Author of _Les précurseurs français de la Tolérance_; _Histoire de + l'établissement des protestants français en Suède_; _L'Église + réformée de France_; &c. + + Camisards; + Cavalier, Jean. + + +F. R. C. + FRANK R. CANA. + Author of _South Africa from the Great Trek to the Union_. + + Cameroon; + Cape Colony. + + +F. W. R.* + FREDERICK WILLIAM RUDLER, I.S.O., F.G.S. + Curator and Librarian of the Museum of Practical Geology, London, + 1879-1902. President of the Geologists' Association, 1887-1889. + + Carbonado; + Cassiterite; + Cat's Eye; + Celestine; + Chalcedony. + + +G. A. B. + GEORGE A. BOULENGER, F.R.S., D.SC., PH.D. (Giessen). + Assistant in the Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, + South Kensington. Vice-President of the Zoological Society. + + Carp; + Cat-Fish. + + +G. G. Co. + GEORGE GORDON COULTON, M.A. + Birkbeck Lecturer in Ecclesiastical History, Trinity College, + Cambridge. Author of _Medieval Studies_; _Chaucer and his + England_; _From St Francis to Dante_; &c. + + Celibacy. + + +G. H. C. + G. H. CARPENTER, B.SC. + Professor of Zoology in the Royal College of Science, Dublin. + Author of _Insects: their Structure and Life_. + + Chafer. + + +G. M. W. + GEORGE MCKINNON WRONG, M.A., F.R.S. (Canada). + Professor of History at Toronto University. Author of _A Canadian + Manor and its Seigneurs_; _The British Nation: a History_; &c. + + Canada: _History to Federation_. + + +G. R. P. + GEORGE ROBERT PARKIN, LL.D., C.M.G. + See the biographical article, PARKIN, G. R. + + Canada: _History from Federation._ + + +G. W. T. + REV. GRIFFITHES WHEELER THATCHER, M.A., B.D. + Warden of Camden College, Sydney, N.S.W. Formerly Tutor in Hebrew + and Old Testament History at Mansfield College, Oxford. + + Carmathians. + + +H. A. M. S. + HENRY A. M. SMITH. + + Calhoun, John C. + + +H. B. Wa. + HENRY BEAUCHAMP WALTERS, M.A., F.S.A. + Assistant to Keeper of Greek and Roman Antiquities, British + Museum. Author of _The Art of the Greeks_; _History of Ancient + Pottery_; _Catalogue of the Greek and Etruscan Vases in the + British Museum_, vol. ii.; _Catalogue of Bronzes, Greek, Roman and + Etruscan_; &c. + + Ceramics: _Greek, Etruscan and Roman_. + + +H. Ch. + HUGH CHISHOLM, M.A. + Formerly Scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. Editor of the + 11th edition of the _Encyclopaedia Britannica_; co-editor of the + 10th edition. + + Campbell Bannerman, Sir H.; + Canon: _Music_; + Chamberlain, J. + + +H. De. + HIPPOLYTE DELEHAYE, S.J. + Assistant in the compilation of the Bollandist publications: + _Analecta Bollandiana_ and _Acta Sanctorum_. + + Canonization. + + +H. F. G. + HANS FRIEDRICH GADOW, F.R.S., PH.D. + Strickland Curator and Lecturer on Zoology in the University of + Cambridge. Author of _Amphibia and Reptiles_. + + Chameleon. + + +H. L. C. + HUGH LONGBOURNE CALLENDAR, F.R.S., LL.D. (McGill Univ.). + Professor of Physics, Royal College of Science, London. Formerly + Professor of Physics in McGill College, Montreal, and in + University College, London. + + Calibration; Calorimetry. + + +H. M. V. + HERBERT M. VAUGHAN, F.S.A. + Keble College, Oxford. Author of _The Last of the Royal Stuarts_; + _The Medici Popes_; _The Last Stuart Queen_. + + Charles Edward. + + +H. P. B. + H. P. BIGGAR. + Author of _The Voyages of the Cabots to Greenland_. + + Cartier, Jacques. + +H. R. H. + HENRY R. H. HALL, M.A. + Assistant in the Department of Egyptian and Assyrian Antiquities, + British Museum. + + Ceramics: _Egypt and Western Asia_. + + +H. Sy. + HENRY SYMONS. + Assistant in the British Museum. Formerly Lecturer in Greek and + Roman History at Bedford College, London. + + Chambord, Comte de. + + +H. T. A. + REV. HERBERT THOMAS ANDREWS. + Professor of New Testament Exegesis, New College, London. Author + of _The Commentary on Acts_ in the _Westminster New Testament_; + _Handbook on the Apocryphal Books_ in the _Century Bible_. + + Catechumen. + + +H. W. R.* + REV. HENRY WHEELER ROBINSON, M.A. + Professor of Church History in Rawdon College, Leeds. Senior + Kennicott Scholar, Oxford, 1901. Author of _Hebrew Psychology in + Relation to Pauline Anthropology_ (in Mansfield College Essays); + &c. + + Canticles (_in part_). + + +H. W. S. + H. WICKHAM STEED. + Correspondent of _The Times_ at Vienna. Correspondent of _The + Times_ at Rome, 1897-1902. + + Cavallotti. + + +H. Y. + COLONEL SIR HENRY YULE, K.C.S.I. + See the biographical article, YULE, SIR H. + + Carpini (_in part_). + + +J. A. B. + SIR JERVOISE ATHELSTANE BAINES, C.S.J. + President, Royal Statistical Society, 1909-1910. Census + Commissioner under the Government of India, 1889-1893. Employed at + India Office as Secretary to Royal Commission on Opium, 1894-1895. + Author of _Official Reports on Provincial Administration on Indian + Census Operations_; &c. + + Census. + + +J. A. H. + JOHN ALLEN HOWE, B.SC. + Curator and Librarian of the Museum of Practical Geology, London. + + Callovian; + Cambrian System; + Caradoc Series; + Carboniferous System; + Chalk. + + +J. A. M'N. + J.A. M'NAUGHT. + Member of the Jury for Carriage Building, Paris Exposition, 1900. + + Carriage + + +J. Bt. + J. BARTLETT. + Lecturer on Construction, Architecture, Sanitation, Quantities, + &c., at King's College, London. Member of Society of Architects. + Member of Institute of Junior Engineers. + + Carpentry + + +J. C. M. + JAMES CLERK MAXWELL, F.R.S. + See biographical article: MAXWELL, JAMES CLERK. + + Capillary Action (_in part_). + + +J. D. Pr. + JOHN DYNELEY PRINCE, PH.D. + Professor of Semitic Languages, Columbia University, New York. + Took part in the Expedition to Southern Babylonia, 1888-1889. + Author of _A Critical Commentary on the Book of Daniel_. + + Chaldea. + + +J. P. D. + SIR J. FREDERICK DICKSON, K.C.M.G. + Reorganized the North-West Province of Ceylon. Editor and + translator of the _Upasampada-Kammavaca_ and the _Patimokha_. + + Ceylon (_in part_). + + +J. F.-K. + JAMES FITZMAURICE-KELLY, LITT.D., F.R.Hist.S. + Gilmour Professor of Spanish Language and Literature, Liverpool + University. Norman MacColl Lecturer, Cambridge University. Fellow + of the British Academy. Corresponding Member of the Royal Spanish + Academy. Author of _A History of Spanish Literature_; &c. + + Campoamar y Campooserio; + Castillo Solorzano; + Celestina, La; + Cervantes. + +J. H. F. + JOHN HENRY FREESE, M.A. + Formerly Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge. + + Calpurnius, Titus. + + +J. H. R. + JOHN HORACE ROUND, M.A., LL.D. (Edin.). + Author of _Feudal England_; _Studies in Peerage and Family + History_; _Peerage and Pedigree_. + + Castle (_in part_); + Castle Guard. + + +J. Hl. R. + JOHN HOLLAND ROSE, M.A., LITT.D. + Lecturer on Modern History to the Cambridge University Local + Lectures Syndicate. Author of _Life of Napoleon I._; _Napoleonic + Studies_; _The Development of the European Nations_; _The Life of + Pitt_; chapters in the _Cambridge Modern History_. + + Cambacérès. + + +J. M'D. + JAMES MACDONALD, M.A., LL.D. + Vice-President of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, + 1895-1897. Rhind Lecturer on Archaeology, 1897. Author of _Tituli + Hunteriani: an Account of the Roman Stones in the Hunterian + Museum_. + + Chalmers, George. + + +J. P.-B. + JAMES GEORGE JOSEPH PENDEREL-BRODHURST. + Editor of the _Guardian_ (London). + + Chair. + + +J. P. E. + JEAN PAUL HIPPOLYTE EMMANUEL ADHÉMAR ESMEIN. + Professor of Law in the University of Paris. Officer of the Legion + of Honour. Member of the Institute of France. Author of _Cours + élémentaire d'histoire du droit français_; &c. + + Chatelet. + + +J. R. C. + JOSEPH ROGERSON COTTER, M.A. + Assistant to the Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy, + Trinity College, Dublin. Editor of 2nd edition of Preston's + _Theory of Heat_. + + Calorescence. + + +J. S. F. + JOHN SMITH FLETT, D.SC., F.G.S. + Petrographer to the Geological Survey. Formerly Lecturer on + Petrology in Edinburgh University. Neill Medallist of the Royal + Society of Edinburgh. Bigsby Medallist of the Geological Society + of London. + + Charnockite. + + +J. T. Be. + JOHN T. BEALBY. + Joint author of Stanford's _Europe_. Formerly editor of the + _Scottish Geographical Magazine_. Translator of Sven Hedin's + _Through Asia, Central Asia and Tibet_; &c. + + Caspian Sea (_in part_); + Caucasia; + Caucasus (_in part_). + + +J. T. C. + JOSEPH THOMAS CUNNINGHAM, M.A., F.Z.S. + Lecturer on Zoology at the South-Western Polytechnic, London. + Formerly Assistant Professor of Natural History in the University + of Edinburgh. Naturalist to the Marine Biological Association, and + Fellow of University College, Oxford. Author of numerous papers in + scientific journals. + + Cephalopoda. + + +J. Wa. + MAJOR-GENERAL JAMES WATERHOUSE. + Indian Staff Corps. Vice-President of the Royal Photographic + Society. Assistant Surveyor-General in charge of Photographic + Operations in the Surveyor-General's Office, Calcutta, 1866-1897. + Took part in the observation of total eclipses, 1871 and 1875, and + of transit of Venus, 1874. President of the Asiatic Society of + Bengal, 1888-1890. Author of _The Preparation of Drawings for + Photographic Reproduction_; &c. + + Camera Obscura: _History_. + + +J. W. D. + CAPTAIN J. WHITLY DIXON, R.N. + Nautical Assessor to the Court of Appeal. + + Capstan. + + +J. W. He. + JAMES WYCLIFFE HEADLAM, M.A. + Staff Inspector of Secondary Schools under the Board of Education. + Formerly Fellow of King's College, Cambridge, and Professor of + Greek and Ancient History at Queen's College, London. Author of + _Bismarck and the Foundation of the German Empire_; &c. + + Caprivi. + + +L. D.* + MONSEIGNEUR LOUIS MARIE OLIVIER DUCHESNE. + See the biographical article: DUCHESNE, L. M. O. + + Calixtus I.; + Celestine I. + + +L. J. B. + LAWRENCE J. BURPEE. + Author of _The Search for the Western Sea_. Joint author (with + Henry J. Morgan) of _Canadian Life in Town and Country_. + + Canada: _Literature, English-Canadian_. + + +L. J. S. + LEONARD JAMES SPENCER, M.A. + Assistant in the Department of Mineralogy, British Museum. + Formerly Scholar of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, and Harkness + Scholar. Editor of the _Mineralogical Magazine_. + + Cerargyrite; + Cerussite; + Chabazite; + Chalybite. + + +L. S. + SIR LESLIE STEPHEN, K.C.B., LITT.D. + See the biographical article: STEPHEN, SIR LESLIE. + + Carlyle. + + +L. V.* + LUIGI VILLARI. + Italian Foreign Office (Emigration Dept.). Formerly Newspaper + Correspondent in east of Europe. Italian Vice-Consul in New + Orleans, 1906, Philadelphia, 1907, and Boston, U.S.A., 1907-1910. + Author of _Italian Life in Town and Country_; &c. + + Cantu; + Cappello; + Capponi, G. and P.; + Caracciolo; + Carbonari; + Carmagnola; + Carrara; + Cavour. + + +M. Br. + MARGARET BRYANT. + + Chapman, George (_part_); + Charlemagne: _Legends_. + + +M. G. + MOSES GASTER, PH.D. (Leipzig). + Chief Rabbi of the Sephardic Communities of England. + Vice-President, Zionist Congress, 1898, 1899, 1900. Ilchester + Lecturer at Oxford on Slavonic and Byzantine Literature, 1886 and + 1891. President, Folklore Society of England. Vice-President + Anglo-Jewish Association. Author of _History of Rumanian Popular + Literature_; &c. + + Cantacuzmo; + Cantemir. + + +M. H. S. + MARION H. SPIELMANN, F.S.A. + Formerly Editor of the _Magazine of Art_. Member of Fine Art + Committee of International Exhibitions of Brussels, Paris, Buenos + Aires, Rome, and the Franco-British Exhibition, London. Author of + _History of "Punch"_; _British Portrait Painting to the Opening of + the 19th Century_; _Works of G. F. Watts, R.A._; _British + Sculpture and Sculptors of To-day_; _Henriette Ronner_; &c. + + Caricature; + Cartoon. + + +M. J. de G. + MICHAEL JAN DE GOEJE. + See the biographical article: GOEJE, MICHAEL JAN DE. + + Caliphate. + + +M. P. + REV. MARK PATTISON. + See the biographical article: PATTISON, MARK. + + Casaubon, Isaac. + + +N. E. D. + NARCISSE EUTROPE DIONNE, M.D., LL.D., F.R.S. (Canada). + Librarian of the Legislature of the Province of Quebec. Chief + Editor of _Le Courrier du Canada_, 1880-1884. Chief Inspector of + Federal Licences, 1884-1886. Chief Editor of _Le Journal de + Quebec_, 1886. Author of _Life of Samuel Champlain, Founder of + Quebec_; _Life of Jacques Cartier, discoverer of Canada_; _La + Nouvelle France, 1540-1603_; _Quebec et Nouvelle France_; &c. + + Champlain, Samuel de. + + +N. W. T. + NORTHCOTE WHITBRIDGE THOMAS, M.A. + Government Anthropologist to Southern Nigeria. Corresponding + Member of the Société d'Anthropologie de Paris. Author of _Thought + Transference_; _Kinship and Marriage in Australia_; &c. + + Cannibalism. + + +O. Ba. + OSWALD BARRON, F.S.A. + Editor of _The Ancestor_, 1902-1905. + + Cecil. + + +O. Br. + OSCAR BRILIANT. + + Carpathian Mountains (_in part_). + + +O. M. D. + ORMONDE MADDOCK DALTON, M.A., F.S.A. + Assistant Keeper, Department of British and Medieval Antiquities, + British Museum. Corresponding Member of the Imperial Russian + Archaeological Society. Author of _Guide to the Early Christian + and Byzantine Antiquities_; &c. + + Catacomb (_in part_). + + +P. A. + PAUL DANIEL ALPHANDÉRY. + Professor of the History of Dogma, École Pratique des Hautes + Études, Sorbonne, Paris. Author of _Les Idées morales chez les + hétérodoxes latines au début du XIII^e siècle_. + + Capistrano. + + +P. A. K. + PRINCE PETER ALEXEIVITCH KROPOTKIN. + See the biographical article: KROPOTKIN, P. A. + + Caspian Sea (_in part_); + Caucasus (_in part_). + + +P. C. Y. + PHILIP CHESNEY YORKE, M.A. + Magdalen College, Oxford. + + Catherine of Aragon; + Charles I.; + Charles II. + + +P. La. + PHILIP LAKE, M.A., F.G.S. + Lecturer on Physical and Regional Geography in Cambridge + University. Formerly of the Geological Survey of India. Author of + _Monograph of British Cambrian Trilobites_. Translator and Editor + of Kayser's _Comparative Geology_. + + Carpathian Mountains (_in part_); + Caucasus: _Geology_. + + +P. Vn. + PERCIVAL SYLVANUS VIVIAN. + Author of _Poems of Marriage_. Editor of the _Poetical Works of + Thomas Campion_. + + Campion, Thomas. + + +P. A. M. + PERCY ALEXANDER MACMAHON, F.R.S., D.SC. + Late Major R.A. Deputy Warden of the Standards. Board of Trade. + Joint-General Secretary of the British Association. Formerly + Professor of Physics, Ordnance College, and President of London + Mathematical Society. + + Cayley. + + +R. + THE RT. HON. LORD RAYLEIGH. + See the biographical article: RAYLEIGH, 3rd Baron. + + Capillary Action (_in part_). + + +R. A.* + ROBERT ANCHEL. + Archivist to the Department de l'Eure. + + Cambon, Pierre Joseph; + Cathelineau. + + +R. Ad. + ROBERT ADAMSON. + See the biographical article: ADAMSON, R. + + Category (_in part_). + + +R. A. S. M. + ROBERT ALEXANDER STEWART MACALISTER, M.A., F.S.A. + Director of Excavations for the Palestine Exploration Fund. + + Capernaum; + Carmel. + + +R. G. + RICHARD GARNETT. + See the biographical article: GARNETT, RICHARD. + + Cardan. + + +R. I. P. + R. I. POCOCK, F.Z.S. + Superintendent of the Zoological Gardens, London. + + Centipede. + + +R. K. D. + SIR ROBERT KENNAWAY DOUGLAS. + Formerly Keeper of Oriental Printed Books and MSS. at the British + Museum, and Professor of Chinese, King's College, London. Author + of _The Language and Literature of China_; &c. + + Canton. + + +R. L.* + RICHARD LYDEKKER, F.R.S., F.G.S., F.Z.S. + Member of the Staff of the Geological Survey of India, 1874-1882. + Author of _Catalogues of Fossil Mammals, Reptiles and Birds in + British Museum_; _The Deer of all Lands_; _The Game Animals of + Africa_; &c. + + Camel; + Capuchin Monkey; + Carnivora; + Cat; + Cavy; + Cetacea; + Chamois. + + +R. L. H. + ROBERT LOCKHART HOBSON. + Assistant in the Department of British and Medieval Antiquities, + British Museum. Author of _Porcelain: Oriental, Continental and + British_; _Marks on Pottery and Porcelain_ (with W. Burton); and + _Catalogue and Guide of English Pottery and Porcelain in British + Museum_. + + Ceramics: _Medieval and Later Italian_; Persian, Syrian, Egyptian + and Turkish. + + +R. N. B. + ROBERT NISBET BAIN (d. 1909). + Assistant Librarian, British Museum, 1883-1909. Author of + _Scandinavia, the Political History of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, + 1313-1900_; _The First Romanovs, 1613-1725_; _Slavonic Europe, the + Political History of Poland and Russia from 1469 to 1796_; &c. + + Canute; + Canute VI; + Casimir III.; + Casimir IV.; + Catherine I.; + Charles I. (_Hungary_); + Charles IX., X., XI., XII. (_Sweden_); + Charles XIII., XIV., XV. (_Sweden and Norway_). + + +R. Po. + RENÉ POUPARDIN, D. ès L. + Secretary of the École des Chartes. Honorary Librarian at the + Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris. Author of _Le Royaume de Provence + sous les Carolingiens_; _Recueil des chartes de Saint-Germain_; + &c. + + Charles the Bold. + + +R. P. S. + R. PHENÉ SPIERS, F.S.A., F.R.I.B.A. + Master of the Architectural School and Surveyor, Royal Academy, + London. Past President of Architectural Association. Associate and + Fellow of King's College, London. Corresponding Member of the + Institute of France. Edited Fergusson's _History of Architecture_. + Author of _Architecture East and West_; &c. + + Campanile; + Capital: _Arch._; + Cathedral: _Arch._; + Ceiling. + + +R. S. C. + ROBERT SEYMOUR CONWAY, M.A., D.LITT. (Cantab.). + Professor of Latin in the University of Manchester. Formerly + Professor of Latin in University College, Cardiff; and Fellow of + Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. Author of _The Italic + Dialects_. + + Campania (_in part_). + + +R. W. + ROBERT WALLACE, F.R.S. (Edin.), F.L.S. + Professor of Agriculture and Rural Economy at Edinburgh + University, and Garton Lecturer on Colonial and Indian + Agriculture. Professor of Agriculture, R.A.C., Cirencester, + 1882-1885. Author of _Farm Live Stock of Great Britain_; _Indian + Agriculture_; _The Agriculture and Rural Economy of Australia and + New Zealand_; _Farming Industries of Cape Colony_; &c. + + Cattle (_in part_). + + +R. We. + RICHARD WEBSTER, A.M. + Editor of _Elegies of Maximianus_. + + Channing, William E. + + +ST C. + VISCOUNT ST CYRES. + See the biographical article: IDDESLEIGH, 1ST EARL OF. + + Casuistry. + + +S. D. + SAMUEL DAVIDSON, D.D. + See the biographical article: DAVIDSON, SAMUEL. + + Canon: _Scriptures_. + + +T. As. + THOMAS ASHBY, M.A., D.LITT., F.S.A. + Director of the British School of Archaeology at Rome. + Corresponding Member of the Imperial German Archaeological + Institute. Formerly Scholar of Christ Church, Oxford. Craven + Fellow, Oxford, 1897. Author of _The Classical Topography of the + Roman Campagna_; &c. + + Camerino; + Campania (_in part_); + Canosa; + Canusium; + Capena; + Capri; + Capua; + Carales; + Carsioli; + Casilinum; + Casinum; + Cassia, Via; + Catania; + Caudine Forks; + Cefalu; + Centuripe; + Cesena. + + +T. A. H. + CAPTAIN THOMAS A. HULL, R.N. + Formerly Superintendent of Admiralty Charts. + + Chart. + + +T. Ba. + SIR THOMAS BARCLAY, M.P. + Member of the Institute of International Law. Member of the + Supreme Council of the Congo Free State. Officer of the Legion of + Honour. Author of _Problems of International Practice and + Diplomacy_; &c. M.P. for Blackburn, 1910. + + Capture. + + +T. F. C. + THEODORE FREYLINGHUYSEN COLLIER, PH.D. + Assistant Professor of History, Williams College, Williamstown, + Mass., U.S.A. + + Carthage, Synods of; + Chalcedon, Council of. + + +T. K. C. + REV. THOMAS KELLY CHEYNE. D.LITT., D.D. + See the biographical article: CHEYNE, T.K. + + Canaan, Canaanites. + + +T. M. F. + THOMAS MACALL FALLOW, M.A., F.S.A. + Formerly editor of _The Antiquary_, 1895-1899. Author of + _Memorials of Old Yorkshire_; _The Cathedral Churches of Ireland_. + + Cathedral. + + +T. W. F. + THOMAS WILLIAM FOX. + Professor of Textiles in the University of Manchester. Author of + _Mechanics of Weaving_. + + Carding. + + +W. A. B. C. + REV. WILLIAM AUGUSTUS BREVOORT COOLIDGE, M.A., F.R.G.S. + Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. Professor of English History, + St David's College, Lampeter, 1880-1881. Author of _Guide to + Switzerland_; _The Alps in Nature and in History_; &c. Editor of + _The Alpine Journal_, 1880-1889. + + Cannes; + Chamonix; + Chartreuse, La Grande. + + +W. A. P. + WALTER ALISON PHILLIPS, M.A. + Formerly Exhibitioner of Merton College and Senior Scholar of St + John's College, Oxford. Author of _Modern Europe_; &c. + + Canon: _Church Dignitary_; + Capo d'Istria; + Carlsbad Decrees; + Chasuble. + + +W. B.* + WILLIAM BURTON, HON. M.A. (Vict.), F.C.S. + Chairman, Joint-Committee of Pottery Manufacturers of Great + Britain. Examiner for Board of Education in Pottery Design and for + Technological Examinations in Pottery Manufacture. Author of + _English Stoneware and Earthenware_; _Porcelain_; &c. + + Ceramics (_in part_). + + +W. B. D. + WILLIAM BOYD DAWKINS, F.R.S., D.SC. + See the biographical article: DAWKINS, WILLIAM BOYD. + + Cave. + + +W. B. Du. + WILLIAM BARTLETT DUFFIELD, M.A. + Barrister at Law, Inner Temple. Secretary to the Royal Commission + on Canals, 1906-1910. + + Chartered Companies. + + +W. F. C. + WILLIAM FEILDEN CRAIES, M.A. + Barrister-at-Law, Inner Temple. Lecturer on Criminal Law at King's + College, London. Editor of _Archbold's Criminal Pleading_ (23rd + edition). + + Capital punishment. + + +W. F. W. + WALTER FRANCIS WILLCOX, LL.B., PH.D. + Dean of, and Professor of Political Economy and Statistics at, + Cornell University. Formerly Chief Statistician and now Special + Agent of the U.S. Census Bureau. Author of _The Divorce Problem--a + Study in Statistics_; _Social Statistics of the United States_; + &c. + + Census: _U.S.A._ + + +W. Fr. + WILLIAM FREAM (d. 1907), LL.D., F.G.S., F.L.S., F.S.S. + Author of _Handbook of Agriculture_. Formerly Agricultural + Correspondent of _The Times_. + + Cattle (_in part_). + + +W. G.* + WALCOT GIBSON, D.SC., F.G.S. + Geologist on H.M. Geological Survey. Author of _The Gold-bearing + Rocks of the S. Transvaal_; _Mineral Wealth of Africa_; _The + Geology of Coal and Coal Mining_; &c. + + Cape Colony: _Geology._ + + +W. G. F. P. + SIR WALTER GEORGE FRANK PHILLIMORE, BART., D.C.L., LL.D. + Judge of the King's Bench Division. President of International Law + Association, 1905. Author of _Book of Church Law_. Editor of 2nd + ed. of _Phillimore's Ecclesiastical Law_; 3rd ed. of vol. iv. of + _Phillimore's International Law_; &c. + + Canon Law: _Anglican._ + + +W. G. M. + WALTER G. M'MILLAN, F.C.S., M.I.M.E. (d. 1904). + Formerly Secretary of the Institute of Electrical Engineers. + Lecturer on Metallurgy, Mason College, Birmingham. Author of _A + Treatise on Electro-Metallurgy_. + + Carborundum. + + +W. Ha. + REV. WILLIAM HANNA, LL.D., D.D. (1802-1882). + Minister of St John's Free Church, Edinburgh, 1850-1866. Author of + _Life of Dr Chalmers_; _Wycliffe and the Huguenots_; _Martyrs of + the Scottish Reformation_. + + Chalmers, Thomas (_in part_). + + +W. J. G. + WILLIAM JOHN GRUFFYDD, M.A. + Lecturer in Celtic, University College, Cardiff. Examiner in Welsh + to the Central Welsh Board for Intermediate Education. Author of + _Caneuon a Cherddi: An Anthology of Medieval Welsh Poetry_. + + Celt: _Literature, Welsh._ + + +W. L.* + WALTER LEHMANN, M.D. + Directorial Assistant of the Royal Ethnographical Museum, Munich. + Conducted Exploring Expedition in Mexico and Central America, + 1907-1909. Author of many publications on Mexican and Central + American Archaeology. + + Central America: _Archaeology._ + + +W. L. A. + REV. WILLIAM LINDSAY ALEXANDER, D.D., LL.D., F.R.S. (Edin.) + (1808-1884). + Classical Tutor, Lancashire Independent College. Pastor of + Independent Chapel, N. College Street, Edinburgh. One of the Old + Testament Revisers. Author of _A Moral Philosophy_. + + Calvin (_in part_). + + +W. L. G. + WILLIAM LAWSON GRANT, M.A. + Professor at Queen's University, Kingston, Canada. Formerly Beit + Lecturer in Colonial History at Oxford University. Editor of _Acts + of the Privy Council_, Colonial series; _Canadian Constitutional + Development_ (in collaboration). + + Canada: _Statistics_; + Cartier, Sir Georges Etienne. + + +W. M. R. + WILLIAM MICHAEL ROSSETTI. + See the biographical article: ROSSETTI, DANTE GABRIEL. + + Canova; + Caracci; + Cartoon; + Cellini, Benvenuto (_in part_); + Charlet. + + +W. Ri. + WILLIAM RIDGEWAY, M.A., D.SC., LL.D. (Aberdeen), D.LITT. + Fellow of the British Academy. Disney Professor of Archaeology at + Cambridge University. Professor of Greek, Queen's College, Cork, + 1883. Ex-President of Cambridge Philological, Antiquarian and + Classical Societies. Author of _The Oldest Irish Epic_; _Origin of + Metallic Currency and Weight Standards_; _The Early Age of + Greece_; &c. + + Celt. + + +W. R. B. + RT. REV. WILLIAM ROBERT BROWNLOW, M.A., D.D. (d. 1901). + Roman Catholic Bishop of Clifton. Provost and Domestic Prelate to + Pope Leo XIII. Co-editor of _English Roma Sotterranea_. Author of + _Early Christian Symbolism_; _Lectures on Sacerdotalism, on + Catacombs and other Archaeological Subjects_. Translator of _Cur + Deus Homo_ and _Vitis mystica_. + + Catacomb (_in part_). + + +W. R. S. + WILLIAM ROBERTSON SMITH + See the biographical article: SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON. + + Canticles (_in part_). + + +W. Wo. + WILLIAM WOOD, D.C.L., F.R.S. (Canada). + Lieut.-Col., Canadian Militia. Formerly President of the English + Section of the Royal Society of Canada and of the Historic + Landmarks Association. Author of _The Fight for Canada_; _The Logs + of the Conquest of Canada_, &c. + + Canada: _Literature, French-Canadian_. + + +W. W. R.* + WILLIAM WALKER ROCKWELL, LIC. THEOL. + Assistant Professor of Church History, Union Theological Seminary, + New York. + + Celestine III. and V. + + +W. Y. S. + WILLIAM YOUNG SELLAR. + See the biographical article: SELLAR, WILLIAM YOUNG. + + Catullus (_in part_). + + +FOOTNOTE: + + [1] A complete list, showing all individual contributors, appears in + the final volume. + + + + +PRINCIPAL UNSIGNED ARTICLES + + California. Carrier. + Cambodia. Cartagena. + Cambridge, Earls and Dukes of. Cassel. + Cambridge, England. Cassiodorus. + Cambridgeshire. Caste. + Campbell, Thomas. Catherine, Saint. + Canary Islands. Catherine II. + Canning, George. Catherine de' Medici + Canterbury. Catiline. + Cape Town. Cato. + Cape Verde Islands. Causation. + Capital (_Economics_). Cavaignac, Louis Eugène. + Capitulations. Cavan. + Carbolic Acid. Cavendish, Henry. + Carbon. Caxton, William. + Cardiganshire. Cedar. + Cards, Playing. Celebes. + Carducci, Giosue. Celsus. + Carinthia. Cemetery. + Carlisle, Earls of. Chambers, Robert. + Carlisle. Chancellor. + Carlos. Chancery. + Carlsbad. Channel Islands. + Carlstadt. Chantrey, Sir Francis. + Carmarthenshire. Charles V., VI., VII. of France. + Carnarvonshire. Charles, Archduke of Austria. + Carnegie, Andrew. Charles Albert, king of Sardinia. + Carnot. Charles Augustus. + Carol. Chartism. + Caroline Islands. Chateaubriand. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th +Edition, Volume 5, Appendix, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ENCYC. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Appendix + Author List + +Author: Various + +Release Date: August 21, 2010 [EBook #33477] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ENCYC. BRITANNICA, VOL 5, APPENDIX *** + + + + +Produced by Marius Masi, Don Kretz and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + + +<div class="pt2"> </div> + +<p class="center" style="font-size: 200%">THE</p> +<p class="center" style="font-size: 300%">ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA</p> +<div class="pt2"> </div> + +<p class="center" style="font-size: 170%">ELEVENTH EDITION</p> +<div class="pt3"> </div> +<div class="pt3"> </div> + +<table class="nobctr" width="70%" summary="Contents"> + +<tr><td class="tc5">FIRST</td> + <td class="tc6">edition,</td> + <td class="tc6">published in</td> + <td class="tc5">three</td> + <td class="tc6">volumes,</td> + <td class="tc5">1768-1771.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tc5">SECOND</td> + <td class="tc6">”</td> + <td class="tc6">”</td> + <td class="tc5">ten</td> + <td class="tc6">”</td> + <td class="tc5">1777-1784.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tc5">THIRD</td> + <td class="tc6">”</td> + <td class="tc6">”</td> + <td class="tc5">eighteen</td> + <td class="tc6">”</td> + <td class="tc5">1788-1797.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tc5">FOURTH</td> + <td class="tc6">”</td> + <td class="tc6">”</td> + <td class="tc5">twenty</td> + <td class="tc6">”</td> + <td class="tc5">1801-1810.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tc5">FIFTH</td> + <td class="tc6">”</td> + <td class="tc6">”</td> + <td class="tc5">twenty</td> + <td class="tc6">”</td> + <td class="tc5">1815-1817.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tc5">SIXTH</td> + <td class="tc6">”</td> + <td class="tc6">”</td> + <td class="tc5">twenty</td> + <td class="tc6">”</td> + <td class="tc5">1823-1824.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tc5">SEVENTH</td> + <td class="tc6">”</td> + <td class="tc6">”</td> + <td class="tc5">twenty-one</td> + <td class="tc6">”</td> + <td class="tc5">1830-1842.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tc5">EIGHTH</td> + <td class="tc6">”</td> + <td class="tc6">”</td> + <td class="tc5">twenty-two</td> + <td class="tc6">”</td> + <td class="tc5">1853-1860.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tc5">NINTH</td> + <td class="tc6">”</td> + <td class="tc6">”</td> + <td class="tc5">twenty-five</td> + <td class="tc6">”</td> + <td class="tc5">1875-1889.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tc5">TENTH</td> + <td class="tc6">”</td> + <td class="tc6" colspan="3">ninth edition and eleven supplementary volumes,</td> + <td class="tc5">1902-1903.</td></tr> +<tr><td class="tc5">ELEVENTH</td> + <td class="tc6">”</td> + <td class="tc6" colspan="3">published in twenty-nine volumes,</td> + <td class="tc5">1910-1911.</td></tr> +</table> + +<div class="pt3"> </div> +<hr class="full" /> +<div class="pt3"> </div> + + +<p class="center">COPYRIGHT</p> +<p class="center">in all countries subscribing to the<br /> +Bern Convention</p> + +<p class="center">by</p> +<p class="center">THE CHANCELLOR, MASTERS AND SCHOLARS</p> +<p class="center">of the</p> +<p class="center">UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE</p> + +<div class="pt3"> </div> +<div class="pt3"> </div> + +<p class="center"><i>All rights reserved</i></p> + +<div class="pt3"> </div> +<hr class="full" /> +<div class="pt3"> </div> + +<p class="center" style="font-size: 180%">THE</p> +<p class="center" style="font-size: 250%; color: #C11B17;">ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA</p> +<p> </p> +<p class="center">A</p> +<p class="center" style="font-size: 180%">DICTIONARY</p> + +<p class="center">OF</p> +<p class="center" style="font-size: 150%">ARTS, SCIENCES, LITERATURE AND GENERAL</p> +<p class="center" style="font-size: 150%">INFORMATION</p> +<p> </p> + +<p class="center" style="font-size: 120%">ELEVENTH EDITION</p> +<p> </p> + +<p class="center" style="font-size: 170%; font-family: 'Courier New';">VOLUME V</p> + +<p class="center" style="font-size: 140%; font-family: 'Courier New';">CALHOUN to CHATELAINE</p> +<div class="pt2"> </div> +<div class="pt2"> </div> + +<p class="center" style="font-size: 130%">New York</p> +<p> </p> +<p class="center">Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</p> +<p class="center f80">342 Madison Avenue</p> + +<div class="pt2"> </div> +<div class="pt2"> </div> +<p class="center">Copyright, in the United States of America, 1910,<br /> +by<br /> +The Encyclopædia Britannica Company.</p> +<div class="pt2"> </div> +<hr class="full" /> +<div class="pt2"> </div> + +<p class="center" style="font-size: 130%">INITIALS USED IN VOLUME VII. TO IDENTIFY INDIVIDUAL<br /> +CONTRIBUTORS,<a name="FnAnchor_1" id="FnAnchor_1" href="#Footnote_1"><span class="sp">1</span></a> WITH THE HEADINGS OF THE<br /> +ARTICLES IN THIS VOLUME SO SIGNED.</p> +<div class="pt2"> </div> + +<table class="nobctr" width="100%" summary="Contents"> + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. Bo.*</td> + <td class="tc2" style="width: 60%;"><span class="sc">Auguste Boudinhon, D.D., D.C.L.</span><br /> + +Professor of Canon Law at the Catholic University of Paris. Honorary Canon of Paris. +Editor of the <i>Canoniste Contemporain</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Canon Law: <span class="no"><i>General</i>;</span> + Cardinal.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. C. S.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Algernon Charles Swinburne.</span><br /> + +See the biographical article, <span class="sc">Swinburne, Algernon Charles</span>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Chapman George <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>).</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. E. H.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">A. E. Houghton.</span><br /> +Formerly Correspondent of The <i>Standard</i> in Spain. Author of <i>Restoration of the +Bourbons in Spain</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Camacho; + Canovas del Castillo; + Castelar y Ripoll.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. E. S.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Arthur Everett Shipley, F.R.S., F.Z.S., F.L.S.</span><br /> +Fellow, Tutor and Lecturer of Christ’s College, Cambridge. University Reader +in Zoology. Formerly University Lecturer on the Advanced Morphology of the +Invertebrata. Author of <i>Zoology of the Invertebrata</i>. Editor of the Pitt Press +<i>Natural Science Manuals</i>, &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Chaetognatha; + Chaetosomatida.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. Go.*</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Rev. Alexander Gordon, M.A.</span><br /> + +Lecturer in Church History at the University of Manchester.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Carranza.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. H. J. G.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Abel Hendy Jones Greenidge, D.Litt. (Oxon.),</span> (d. 1905).<br /> +Formerly Fellow and Lecturer of Hertford College, Oxford, and of St John’s College, +Oxford. Author of <i>Infamia in Roman Law</i>; <i>Handbook of Greek Constitutional +History</i>; <i>Roman Public Life, History of Rome</i>. Joint-author of <i>Sources of Roman +History</i>, 133-70 <span class="sc">b.c.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Censor: <span class="no"><i>Ancient</i>.</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. H. S.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Rev. Archibald Henry Sayce, D.Litt., LL.d.</span><br /> +See the biographical article, <span class="sc">Sayce, A. H.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> +<td class="tc4">Caria.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. J. G.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Rev. Alexander James Grieve, M.A., B.D.</span><br /> +Professor of New Testament and Church History at the United Independent College, +Bradford. Sometime Registrar of Madras University and Member of Mysore +Educational Service.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Catechism; + Calvin <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>).</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. L.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Andrew Lang.</span><br /> +See the biographical article, <span class="sc">Lang, Andrew.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Casket Letters.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. Lo.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Auguste Longnon.</span><br /> +Professor at the Collège de France. Director of the École des hautes études. +Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. Member of the Institute. Author of <i>Livre +des vassaux du Comté de Champagne et de Brie</i>; <i>Géographie de la Gaule au VI siècle</i>; +<i>Atlas historique de la France depuis César jusqu’à nos jours</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 4em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Champagne.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. M. C.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Agnes Mary Clerke.</span><br /> +See the biographical article, <span class="sc">Clerke, A. M.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cassini.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. M. Cl.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Agnes Muriel Clay (Mrs Wilde).</span><br /> +Late Resident Tutor of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford. Joint-author of <i>Sources of +Roman History</i>, 133-70 <span class="sc">b.c.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Centumviri.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. N.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Alfred Newton, F.R.S.</span><br /> +See the biographical article, <span class="sc">Newton, Alfred.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Canary; + Capercally.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. P. C.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Arthur Philemon Coleman. F.R.S.</span><br /> +Professor of Geology, University of Toronto.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Canada: <span class="no"><i>Geography</i>.</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. P. H.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Alfred Peter Hillier, M.D. M.P.</span><br /> +Author of <i>South African Studies</i>; <i>The Commonweal</i>; &c. Served in Kaffir War, +1878-1879. Partner with Dr L.S. Jameson in medical practice in South Africa till +1096. Member of Reform Committee, Johannesburg, and Political Prisoner at +Pretoria, 1895-1896. M.P. for Hitchin division of Herts, 1910.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cape Colony: <span class="no">§ <i>History</i> (<i>in part</i>).</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. SI.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Arthur Shadwell, M.A., M.D., LL.D., F.R.C.P.</span><br /> +Member of Council of Epidemiological Society. Author of <i>The London Water-Supply</i>; +<i>Industrial Efficiency</i>; <i>Drink, Temperante and Legislation</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cancer.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. S. C.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Alan Summerly Cole, C.B.</span><br /> + Assistant Secretary for Art, Board of Education, 1900-1908. Took part in organization + of the Textile Manufacturers’ Section, St Louis Exhibition, 1904. Author of <i>Ancient + Needle Point and Pillow Lace</i>; <i>Embroidery and Lace</i>; <i>Ornament in European Silks</i>;&c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Carpet.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. V. De P.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">A. van de Put.</span><br /> + Assistant, Victoria and Albert Museum, South Kensington. Author of <i>Hispano-Moresque + Ware of the XV. Century</i>; <i>The Aragonese Double-Crown and the Borja or Borgia Device</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Ceramics: <span class="no">§ <i>Hispano-Moresque.</i></span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. Wa.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Arthur Waugh, M.A.</span><br /> + Managing Director of Chapman & Hall, Ltd., Publishers. Formerly literary adviser + to Kegan Paul & Co. Author of <i>Alfred Lord Tennyson</i>; <i>Legends of the Wheel</i>; <i>Robert + Browning</i> in "Westminster Biographies." Editor of Johnson’s <i>Lives of the Poets</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Calverley, C. S.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. W. H.*</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Arthur William Holland.</span><br /> + Formerly Scholar of St John’s College, Oxford. Bacon Scholar of Gray’s Inn, 1900.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Charlemagne.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">A. Z.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Alice Zimmern.</span><br /> + Author of <i>Methods of Education in the United States</i>; <i>The Renaissance of Girls’ + Education in England</i>; <i>Women’s Suffrage in Many Lands</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Carpenter, Mary.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">B. Bl.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Bertram Blount, F.C.S., F.I.C.</span><br /> + Consulting Chemist to the Crown Agents for the Colonies. Hon. President, Cement + Section of International Association for Testing Materials, Buda-Pesth. Author of + <i>Practical Electro-Chemistry</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cement.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">B. Ra.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Bernard Rackham, M.A.</span><br /> + Assistant, Victoria and Albert Museum, South Kensington.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Ceramics: <span class="no">§ <i>German, Dutch and Scandinavian.</i></span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">C. F. A.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Charles Francis Atkinson.</span><br /> + Formerly Scholar of Queen’s College, Oxford. Captain, 1st City of London (Royal + Fusiliers). Author of <i>The Wilderness and Cold Harbour</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Castle <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>).</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">C. F. C.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">C. F. Cross., B.Sc. (Lond.), F.C.S., F.I.C.</span><br /> + Analytical and Consulting Chemist.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cellulose.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">C. J. J.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Charles Jasper Joly, F.R.S., F.R.A.S. (1864-1906).</span><br /> + Royal Astronomer of Ireland and Andrews Professor of Astronomy in the University + of Dublin, 1897-1906. Fellow of Trinity College, Dublin. Secretary of the Royal + Irish Academy.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Camera Lucida; Camera Obscura <span class="no">(<i>in Part</i>).</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">C. L.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">H. Caldwell Lipsett.</span><br /> + Formerly Editor of the <i>Civil and Military Gazette</i>, Lahore, India. Author of <i>Lord + Curzon in India</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Ceylon <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>).</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">C. Pf.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Christian Pfister, D-ès-L.</span><br /> + Professor at the Sorbonne, Paris. Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. Author of + <i>Études sur le règne de Robert le Pieux</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Capitulary; Carolingians; Charibert; Charles Martel.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">C. R. B.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Charles Raymond Beazley, M.A., D.Litt.</span><br /> + Professor of Modern History in the University of Birmingham. Formerly Fellow of + Merton College, Oxford. University Lecturer in the History of Geography. Author + of <i>Henry the Navigator</i>; <i>The Dawn of Modern Geography</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 4em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cam, Diogo; + Carpini <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>);</span> + Chang Chun.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">C. S. L.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Charles Stewart Loch, D.C.L.</span> (Oxford), <span class="sc">LL.D. (St Andrews).</span><br /> + Secretary to the Council of the London Charity Organization Society since 1875. + Member of the Royal Commission on the Poor Laws. Dunkin Trust Lecturer, + Manchester College, Oxford, 1896 and 1902. Vice-President, Royal Statistical + Society, 1894-1895-1897-1901. Author of <i>Charity Organization</i>; <i>Old Age Pensions + and Pauperism</i>; <i>Methods of Social Advance</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 4em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Charity and Charities.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">D. E. J.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Rev. D. E. Jenkins.</span><br /> + Calvinistic Methodist Minister, Denbigh. Author of <i>Life of Lewis Charles + Edwards of Bala</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Calvinistic Methodists; + Charles, Thomas.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">D. F. T.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Donald Francis Tovey.</span><br /> + Author of <i>Essays in Musical Analysis</i>: comprising <i>The Classical Concerto</i>, <i>The + Goldberg Variations</i>, and analyses of many other classical works.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cantata.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">D. G. H.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">David George Hogarth, M.A.</span><br /> + Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. Fellow of the British Academy. Keeper of the + Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. Excavated at Paphos, 1888; Naucratis, 1899 and 1903; + Ephesus, 1904-1905; Assiut, 1906-1907; Director, British School at Athens, + 1897-1900; Director, Cretan Exploration Fund, 1899.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 4em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cappadocia <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>).</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">D. H.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">David Hannay.</span><br /> + Formerly British Vice-Consul at Barcelona. Author of <i>Short History of the Royal + Navy</i>; <i>Life of Emilio Castelar</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Carvajal, Luisa de; + Château-Renault.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">D. Ll. T.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Daniel Lleufer Thomas.</span><br /> + Barrister at law, Lincoln’s Inn. Stipendiary Magistrate at Pontypridd and Rhondda.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cardiff.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">D. Mn.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Rev. Dugald Macfadyen, M.A.</span><br /> + Minister of South Grove Congregational Church, Highgate. Author of <i>Constructive + Congregational Ideals</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Campbell, John McLeod; + Chalmers, Thomas <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>).</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">E. Ar.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Edward Armstrong, M.A.</span><br /> + Fellow of the British Academy. Fellow, Bursar and Lecturer in Modern History, + Queen’s College, Oxford. Warden of Bradfield College. Lecturer to the University + in Foreign History, 1902-1904. Author of <i>The Emperor Charles V.</i>; <i>Elisabeth + Farnese</i>; <i>Lorenzo de Medici</i>; <i>The French Wars of Religion</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Charles V., Emperor.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">E. A. J.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">E. Alfred Jones.</span><br /> + Author of <i>Old English Gold Plate; Old Church Plate of the Isle of Man</i>; <i>Old Silver + Sacramental Vessels of Foreign Protestant Churches in England</i>; <i>Illustrated Catalogue + of Leopold de Rothschild’s Collection of Old Plate</i>; <i>A Private Catalogue of The Royal + Plate at Windsor Castle</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 4em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cellini, Benvenuto <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>).</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">E. B.*</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Ernest Charles François Babelon.</span><br /> + Professor at the Collège de France. Keeper of the department of Medals and + Antiquities at the Bibliothèque Nationale. Member of the Académie des Inscriptions + de Belles Lettres, Paris. Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. Author of + <i>Descriptions Historiques des Monnaies de la République Romaine</i>; <i>Traités des Monnaies + Grecques et Romaines</i>; <i>Catalogue des Camées de la Bibliothèque Nationale</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 4em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Carthage: <span class="no"><i>Ancient.</i></span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">E. C.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Edward Caird, D.C.L., D.Litt.</span><br /> + See the biographical article, <span class="sc">Caird, Edward.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cartesianism.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">E. C. B.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Rt. Rev. Edward Cuthbert Butler, O.S.B., M.A., D.Litt.</span> (Dublin).<br /> + Abbot of Downside Abbey, Bath. Author of "The Lausiac History of Palladius," + in <i>Cambridge Texts and Studies</i>, vol. vi.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Camaldulians; + Canon: <i>Church Dignitary</i>; + Capuchins; + Carmelites; + Carthusians; + Celestines.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">E. C. Q.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Edmund Crosby Quiggin, M.A.</span><br /> + Fellow of, and Lecturer in Modern Languages and Monro Lecturer in Celtic at + Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Celt: <i>Languages and Literature</i>.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">E. G.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Edmund Gosse, LL.D.</span><br /> + See the biographical article, <span class="sc">Gosse, Edmund</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Canzone; + Carew, Thomas; + Cavendish, George; + Chansons de Geste; + Chant Royal.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">E. Gr.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Ernest Arthur Gardner.</span><br /> + See the biographical article, <span class="sc">Gardner, Percy.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Calydon; + Ceos; + Cephalonia.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">E. H. B.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Sir Edward Herbert Bunbury, Bart., M.A., F.R.G.S.</span> (d. 1895).<br /> + M.P. for Bury-St-Edmunds, 1847-1852. Author of a <i>History of Ancient Geography</i>, &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cappadocia <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>).</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">E. H. G.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">E. H. Godfrey.</span><br /> + Editor, Census and Statistics Office, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Canada: <span class="no">§ <i>Agriculture</i>.</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">E. H. M.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Ellis Hovell Minns, M.A.</span><br /> + University Lecturer in Palaeography, Cambridge. Lecturer and Assistant Librarian + at Pembroke College, Cambridge. Formerly Fellow of Pembroke College.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Carpi: <span class="no"><i>Ancient Tribes</i>.</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">E. L. W.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Sir Edward Leader Williams</span> (d. 1910).<br /> + Vice-President, Institute of Civil Engineers. Consulting Engineer, Manchester + Ship Canal. Chief Engineer of the Manchester Ship Canal during its construction. + Author of papers printed in <i>Proceedings of Institute of Civil Engineers</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Canal.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">Ed. M.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Eduard Meyer, Ph.d., D.Litt.</span> (Oxon.), LL.d. (Chicago).<br /> + Professor of Ancient History in the University of Berlin. Author of <i>Geschichte des + Alterthums</i>; <i>Geschichte des alten Aegyptens</i>; <i>Die Israeliten und ihre Nachbarstämme</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cambyses.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">E. O.*</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Edmund Owen, M.B., F.R.C.S., LL.D., D.Sc.</span><br /> + Consulting Surgeon to St Mary’s Hospital, London, and to the Children’s Hospital, + Great Ormond Street, London. Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. Late Examiner + in Surgery at the Universities of Cambridge, London and Durham. Author + of <i>A Manual of Anatomy for Senior Students</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 4em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Carbuncle.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">E. Pr.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Edgar Prestage.</span><br /> + Special Lecturer in Portuguese Literature in the University of Manchester. Examiner + in Portuguese in the Universities of London, Manchester, &c. Commendador + Portuguese Order of S. Thiago. Corresponding Member of Lisbon Royal Academy + of Sciences, Lisbon Geographical Society, &c. Author of <i>Letters of a Portuguese + Nun</i>; <i>Azurara’s Chronicle of Guinea</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 4em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Camoens; + Castello Branco; + Castilho.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">E. Tn.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Rev. Ethelred Leonard Taunton</span> (d. 1907).<br /> + Author of <i>The English Black Monks of St Benedict</i>; <i>History of the Jesuits in England</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Campeggio; + Campion, Edmund; + Cano, Melchior; + Cassander, George; + Castellesi.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">E. V.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Rev. Edmund Venables, M.A., D.D. (1819-1895).</span><br /> + Canon and Precentor of Lincoln. Author of <i>Episcopal Palaces of England</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Catacomb <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>).</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">F. C. C.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Frederick Cornwallis Conybeare, M.A., D.Th.</span> (Giessen).<br /> + Fellow of the British Academy. Formerly Fellow of University College, Oxford. + Author of <i>The Ancient Armenian Texts of Aristotle</i>; <i>Myth, Magic and Morals</i> (1909); &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cathars.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">F. J. H.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Francis John Haverfield, M.a., LL.D.</span> (Aberdeen), F.S.A.<br /> + Camden Professor of Ancient History at Oxford University. Fellow of Brasenose + College, Oxford. Fellow of the British Academy. Member of the German Imperial + Archaeological Institute. Formerly Senior Censor, Student, Tutor and Librarian + of Christ Church, Oxford. Ford’s Lecturer, 1906. Author of Monographs on + Roman History, &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 4em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Celtiberia; Cassiterides.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">F. Ll. G.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Francis Llewelyn Griffith, M.A., Ph.D.</span> (Leipzig), F.S.A.<br /> + Reader in Egyptology, Oxford University. Editor of the Archaeological Survey + and Archaeological Reports of the Egypt Exploration Fund. Fellow of Imperial + German Archaeological Institute.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Canopus.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">F. H. M.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Col. Frederic Natusch Maude, C.B.</span><br /> + Lecturer in Military History at Manchester University. Author of <i>War and the + World Policy</i>; <i>The Leipzig Campaign</i>; <i>The Jena Campaign</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cavalry.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">F. Px.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Frank Puaux.</span><br /> + President of the Société de l’Histoire du Protestantisme français. Author of <i>Les + précurseurs français de la Tolérance</i>; <i>Histoire de l’établissement des protestants français + en Suède</i>; <i>L’Église réformée de France</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Camisards; + Cavalier, Jean.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">F. R. C.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Frank R. Cana.</span><br /> + Author of <i>South Africa from the Great Trek to the Union</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cameroon; + Cape Colony.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">F. W. R.*</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Frederick William Rudler, I.S.O., F.G.S.</span><br /> + Curator and Librarian of the Museum of Practical Geology, London, 1879-1902. + President of the Geologists’ Association, 1887-1889.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Carbonado; + Cassiterite; + Cat’s Eye; + Celestine; + Chalcedony.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">G. A. B.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">George A. Boulenger, F.R.S., D.Sc., Ph.D.</span> (Giessen).<br /> + Assistant in the Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, South Kensington. + Vice-President of the Zoological Society.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Carp; + Cat-Fish.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">G. G. Co.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">George Gordon Coulton, M.A.</span><br /> + Birkbeck Lecturer in Ecclesiastical History, Trinity College, Cambridge. Author + of <i>Medieval Studies</i>; <i>Chaucer and his England</i>; <i>From St Francis to Dante</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Celibacy.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">G. H. C.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">G. H. Carpenter, B.Sc.</span><br /> + Professor of Zoology in the Royal College of Science, Dublin. Author of <i>Insects: + their Structure and Life</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Chafer.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">G. M. W.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">George Mckinnon Wrong, M.A., F.R.S.</span> (Canada).<br /> + Professor of History at Toronto University. Author of <i>A Canadian Manor and its + Seigneurs</i>; <i>The British Nation: a History</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Canada: <span class="no"><i>History to Federation</i>.</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">G. R. P.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">George Robert Parkin, LL.D., C.M.G.</span><br /> + See the biographical article, <span class="sc">Parkin, G. R.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Canada: <span class="no"><i>History from Federation.</i></span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">G. W. T.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Rev. Griffithes Wheeler Thatcher, M.A., B.D.</span><br /> + Warden of Camden College, Sydney, N.S.W. Formerly Tutor in Hebrew and Old + Testament History at Mansfield College, Oxford.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Carmathians.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">H. A. M. S.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Henry A. M. Smith.</span><br /></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Calhoun, John C.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">H. B. Wa.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Henry Beauchamp Walters, M.A., F.S.A.</span><br /> + Assistant to Keeper of Greek and Roman Antiquities, British Museum. Author of + <i>The Art of the Greeks</i>; <i>History of Ancient Pottery</i>; <i>Catalogue of the Greek and + Etruscan Vases in the British Museum</i>, vol. ii.; <i>Catalogue of Bronzes, Greek, Roman + and Etruscan</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 4em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Ceramics: <span class="no"><i>Greek, Etruscan and Roman</i>.</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">H. Ch.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Hugh Chisholm, M.A.</span><br /> + Formerly Scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. Editor of the 11th edition + of the <i>Encyclopaedia Britannica</i>; co-editor of the 10th edition.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Campbell Bannerman, Sir H.; + Canon: <i>Music</i>; + Chamberlain, J.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">H. De.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Hippolyte Delehaye, S.J.</span><br /> + Assistant in the compilation of the Bollandist publications: <i>Analecta Bollandiana</i> + and <i>Acta Sanctorum</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Canonization.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">H. F. G.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Hans Friedrich Gadow, F.R.S., Ph.D.</span><br /> + Strickland Curator and Lecturer on Zoology in the University of Cambridge. + Author of <i>Amphibia and Reptiles</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Chameleon.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">H. L. C.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Hugh Longbourne Callendar, F.R.S., LL.D.</span> (Mcgill Univ.).<br /> + Professor of Physics, Royal College of Science, London. Formerly Professor of + Physics in McGill College, Montreal, and in University College, London.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Calibration; Calorimetry.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">H. M. V.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Herbert M. Vaughan, F.S.A.</span><br /> + Keble College, Oxford. Author of <i>The Last of the Royal Stuarts</i>; <i>The Medici Popes</i>; + <i>The Last Stuart Queen</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Charles Edward.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">H. P. B.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">H. P. Biggar.</span><br /> + Author of <i>The Voyages of the Cabots to Greenland</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cartier, Jacques.</td></tr> + +<tr> <td class="tc1">H. R. H.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Henry R. H. Hall, M.A.</span><br /> + Assistant in the Department of Egyptian and Assyrian Antiquities, British Museum.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Ceramics: <span class="no"><i>Egypt and Western Asia</i>.</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">H. Sy.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Henry Symons.</span><br /> + Assistant in the British Museum. Formerly Lecturer in Greek and Roman History + at Bedford College, London.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Chambord, Comte de.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">H. T. A.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Rev. Herbert Thomas Andrews.</span><br /> + Professor of New Testament Exegesis, New College, London. Author of <i>The + Commentary on Acts</i> in the <i>Westminster New Testament</i>; <i>Handbook on the + Apocryphal Books</i> in the <i>Century Bible</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Catechumen.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">H. W. R.*</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Rev. Henry Wheeler Robinson, M.A.</span><br /> + Professor of Church History in Rawdon College, Leeds. Senior Kennicott Scholar, + Oxford, 1901. Author of <i>Hebrew Psychology in Relation to Pauline Anthropology</i> + (in Mansfield College Essays); &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Canticles <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>).</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">H. W. S.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">H. Wickham Steed.</span><br /> + Correspondent of <i>The Times</i> at Vienna. Correspondent of <i>The Times</i> at Rome, + 1897-1902.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cavallotti.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">H. Y.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Colonel Sir Henry Yule, K.C.S.I.</span><br /> + See the biographical article, <span class="sc">Yule, Sir H.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Carpini <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>).</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">J. A. B.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Sir Jervoise Athelstane Baines, C.S.J.</span><br /> + President, Royal Statistical Society, 1909-1910. Census Commissioner under the + Government of India, 1889-1893. Employed at India Office as Secretary to Royal + Commission on Opium, 1894-1895. Author of <i>Official Reports on Provincial + Administration on Indian Census Operations</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 4em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Census.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">J. A. H.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">John Allen Howe, B.Sc.</span><br /> + Curator and Librarian of the Museum of Practical Geology, London.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Callovian; + Cambrian System; + Caradoc Series; + Carboniferous System; + Chalk.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">J. A. M‘N.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">J.A. M‘Naught.</span><br /> + Member of the Jury for Carriage Building, Paris Exposition, 1900.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Carriage</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">J. Bt.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">J. Bartlett.</span><br /> + Lecturer on Construction, Architecture, Sanitation, Quantities, &c., at King’s + College, London. Member of Society of Architects. Member of Institute of + Junior Engineers.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Carpentry</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">J. C. M.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">James Clerk Maxwell, F.R.S.</span><br /> + See biographical article: <span class="sc">Maxwell, James Clerk.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Capillary Action <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>).</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">J. D. Pr.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">John Dyneley Prince, Ph.D.</span><br /> + Professor of Semitic Languages, Columbia University, New York. Took part in + the Expedition to Southern Babylonia, 1888-1889. Author of <i>A Critical Commentary + on the Book of Daniel</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Chaldea.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">J. P. D.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Sir J. Frederick Dickson, K.C.M.G.</span><br /> + Reorganized the North-West Province of Ceylon. Editor and translator of the + <i>Upasampada-Kammavaca</i> and the <i>Patimokha</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Ceylon <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>).</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">J. F.-K.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">James Fitzmaurice-kelly, Litt.D., F.R.Hist.S.</span><br /> + Gilmour Professor of Spanish Language and Literature, Liverpool University. + Norman MacColl Lecturer, Cambridge University. Fellow of the British Academy. + Corresponding Member of the Royal Spanish Academy. Author of <i>A History + of Spanish Literature</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 4em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Campoamar y Campooserio; + Castillo Solorzano; + Celestina, La; + Cervantes.</td></tr> + +<tr> <td class="tc1">J. H. F.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">John Henry Freese, M.A.</span><br /> + Formerly Fellow of St John’s College, Cambridge.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Calpurnius, Titus.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">J. H. R.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">John Horace Round, M.A., LL.D.</span> (Edin.).<br /> + Author of <i>Feudal England</i>; <i>Studies in Peerage and Family History</i>; <i>Peerage and + Pedigree</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Castle <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>);</span> + Castle Guard.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">J. Hl. R.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">John Holland Rose, M.A., Litt.D.</span><br /> + Lecturer on Modern History to the Cambridge University Local Lectures Syndicate. + Author of <i>Life of Napoleon I.</i>; <i>Napoleonic Studies</i>; <i>The Development of the European + Nations</i>; <i>The Life of Pitt</i>; chapters in the <i>Cambridge Modern History</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cambacérès.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">J. M‘D.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">James Macdonald, M.A., LL.D.</span><br /> + Vice-President of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 1895-1897. Rhind + Lecturer on Archaeology, 1897. Author of <i>Tituli Hunteriani: an Account of the + Roman Stones in the Hunterian Museum</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Chalmers, George.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">J. P.-B.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">James George Joseph Penderel-Brodhurst.</span><br /> + Editor of the <i>Guardian</i> (London).</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Chair.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">J. P. E.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Jean Paul Hippolyte Emmanuel Adhémar Esmein.</span><br /> + Professor of Law in the University of Paris. Officer of the Legion of Honour. + Member of the Institute of France. Author of <i>Cours élémentaire d’histoire du droit + français</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Chatelet.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">J. R. C.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Joseph Rogerson Cotter, M.A.</span><br /> + Assistant to the Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy, Trinity College, + Dublin. Editor of 2nd edition of Preston’s <i>Theory of Heat</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Calorescence.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">J. S. F.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">John Smith Flett, D.Sc., F.G.S.</span><br /> + Petrographer to the Geological Survey. Formerly Lecturer on Petrology in + Edinburgh University. Neill Medallist of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Bigsby + Medallist of the Geological Society of London.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Charnockite.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">J. T. Be.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">John T. Bealby.</span><br /> + Joint author of Stanford’s <i>Europe</i>. Formerly editor of the <i>Scottish Geographical + Magazine</i>. Translator of Sven Hedin’s <i>Through Asia, Central Asia and Tibet</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Caspian Sea <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>);</span> + Caucasia; + Caucasus <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>).</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">J. T. C.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Joseph Thomas Cunningham, M.A., F.Z.S.</span><br /> + Lecturer on Zoology at the South-Western Polytechnic, London. Formerly + Assistant Professor of Natural History in the University of Edinburgh. Naturalist + to the Marine Biological Association, and Fellow of University College, Oxford. + Author of numerous papers in scientific journals.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 4em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cephalopoda.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">J. Wa.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Major-General James Waterhouse.</span><br /> + Indian Staff Corps. Vice-President of the Royal Photographic Society. Assistant + Surveyor-General in charge of Photographic Operations in the Surveyor-General’s + Office, Calcutta, 1866-1897. Took part in the observation of total eclipses, + 1871 and 1875, and of transit of Venus, 1874. President of the Asiatic Society of + Bengal, 1888-1890. Author of <i>The Preparation of Drawings for Photographic + Reproduction</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 4em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Camera Obscura: <span class="no"><i>History</i>.</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">J. W. D.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Captain J. Whitly Dixon, R.N.</span><br /> + Nautical Assessor to the Court of Appeal.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Capstan.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">J. W. He.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">James Wycliffe Headlam, M.A.</span><br /> + Staff Inspector of Secondary Schools under the Board of Education. Formerly + Fellow of King’s College, Cambridge, and Professor of Greek and Ancient History + at Queen’s College, London. Author of <i>Bismarck and the Foundation of the German + Empire</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Caprivi.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">L. D.*</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Monseigneur Louis Marie Olivier Duchesne.</span><br /> + See the biographical article: <span class="sc">Duchesne, L. M. O.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Calixtus I.; + Celestine I.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">L. J. B.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Lawrence J. Burpee.</span><br /> + Author of <i>The Search for the Western Sea</i>. Joint author (with Henry J. Morgan) of + <i>Canadian Life in Town and Country</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Canada: <span class="no"><i>Literature, English-Canadian</i>.</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">L. J. S.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Leonard James Spencer, M.A.</span><br /> + Assistant in the Department of Mineralogy, British Museum. Formerly Scholar + of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, and Harkness Scholar. Editor of the <i>Mineralogical + Magazine</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cerargyrite; + Cerussite; + Chabazite; + Chalybite.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">L. S.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Sir Leslie Stephen, K.C.B., Litt.D.</span><br /> + See the biographical article: <span class="sc">Stephen, Sir Leslie.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Carlyle.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">L. V.*</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Luigi Villari.</span><br /> + Italian Foreign Office (Emigration Dept.). Formerly Newspaper Correspondent in + east of Europe. Italian Vice-Consul in New Orleans, 1906, Philadelphia, 1907, + and Boston, U.S.A., 1907-1910. Author of <i>Italian Life in Town and Country</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cantu; + Cappello; + Capponi, G. and P.; + Caracciolo; + Carbonari; + Carmagnola; + Carrara; + Cavour.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">M. Br.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Margaret Bryant.</span><br /></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Chapman, George (<i>part</i>); + Charlemagne: <i>Legends</i>.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">M. G.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Moses Gaster, Ph.D.</span> (Leipzig).<br /> + Chief Rabbi of the Sephardic Communities of England. Vice-President, Zionist + Congress, 1898, 1899, 1900. Ilchester Lecturer at Oxford on Slavonic and Byzantine + Literature, 1886 and 1891. President, Folklore Society of England. Vice-President + Anglo-Jewish Association. Author of <i>History of Rumanian Popular Literature</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 4em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cantacuzmo; + Cantemir.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">M. H. S.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Marion H. Spielmann, F.S.A.</span><br /> + Formerly Editor of the <i>Magazine of Art</i>. Member of Fine Art Committee of International + Exhibitions of Brussels, Paris, Buenos Aires, Rome, and the Franco-British + Exhibition, London. Author of <i>History of "Punch"</i>; <i>British Portrait Painting + to the Opening of the 19th Century</i>; <i>Works of G. F. Watts, R.A.</i>; <i>British Sculpture + and Sculptors of To-day</i>; <i>Henriette Ronner</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 4em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Caricature; + Cartoon.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">M. J. de G.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Michael Jan de Goeje.</span><br /> + See the biographical article: <span class="sc">Goeje, Michael Jan de.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Caliphate.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">M. P.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Rev. Mark Pattison.</span><br /> + See the biographical article: <span class="sc">Pattison, Mark.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Casaubon, Isaac.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">N. E. D.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Narcisse Eutrope Dionne, M.D., LL.D., F.R.S.</span> (Canada).<br /> + Librarian of the Legislature of the Province of Quebec. Chief Editor of <i>Le Courrier + du Canada</i>, 1880-1884. Chief Inspector of Federal Licences, 1884-1886. Chief + Editor of <i>Le Journal de Quebec</i>, 1886. Author of <i>Life of Samuel Champlain, Founder + of Quebec</i>; <i>Life of Jacques Cartier, discoverer of Canada</i>; <i>La Nouvelle France, 1540-1603</i>; + <i>Quebec et Nouvelle France</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 4em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Champlain, Samuel de.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">N. W. T.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Northcote Whitbridge Thomas, M.A.</span><br /> + Government Anthropologist to Southern Nigeria. Corresponding Member of the + Société d’Anthropologie de Paris. Author of <i>Thought Transference</i>; <i>Kinship and + Marriage in Australia</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cannibalism.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">O. Ba.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Oswald Barron, F.S.A.</span><br /> + Editor of <i>The Ancestor</i>, 1902-1905.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cecil.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">O. Br.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Oscar Briliant.</span><br /></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Carpathian Mountains <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>).</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">O. M. D.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Ormonde Maddock Dalton, M.A., F.S.A.</span><br /> + Assistant Keeper, Department of British and Medieval Antiquities, British Museum. + Corresponding Member of the Imperial Russian Archaeological Society. Author of + <i>Guide to the Early Christian and Byzantine Antiquities</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 4em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Catacomb <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>).</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">P. A.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Paul Daniel Alphandéry.</span><br /> + Professor of the History of Dogma, École Pratique des Hautes Études, Sorbonne, + Paris. Author of <i>Les Idées morales chez les hétérodoxes latines au début du XIII^e + siècle</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Capistrano.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">P. A. K.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Prince Peter Alexeivitch Kropotkin.</span><br /> + See the biographical article: <span class="sc">Kropotkin, P. A.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Caspian Sea <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>);</span> + Caucasus <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>).</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">P. C. Y.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Philip Chesney Yorke, M.A.</span><br /> + Magdalen College, Oxford.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Catherine of Aragon; + Charles I.; + Charles II.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">P. La.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Philip Lake, M.A., F.G.S.</span><br /> + Lecturer on Physical and Regional Geography in Cambridge University. Formerly + of the Geological Survey of India. Author of <i>Monograph of British Cambrian + Trilobites</i>. Translator and Editor of Kayser’s <i>Comparative Geology</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 4em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Carpathian Mountains <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>);</span> + Caucasus: <i>Geology</i>.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">P. Vn.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Percival Sylvanus Vivian.</span><br /> + Author of <i>Poems of Marriage</i>. Editor of the <i>Poetical Works of Thomas Campion</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Campion, Thomas.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">P. A. M.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Percy Alexander Macmahon, F.R.S., D.Sc.</span><br /> + Late Major R.A. Deputy Warden of the Standards. Board of Trade. Joint-General + Secretary of the British Association. Formerly Professor of Physics, + Ordnance College, and President of London Mathematical Society.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cayley.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">R.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">The Rt. Hon. Lord Rayleigh.</span><br /> + See the biographical article: <span class="sc">Rayleigh</span>, 3rd Baron.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Capillary Action <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>).</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">R. A.*</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Robert Anchel.</span><br /> + Archivist to the Department de l’Eure.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cambon, Pierre Joseph; + Cathelineau.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">R. Ad.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Robert Adamson.</span><br /> + See the biographical article: <span class="sc">Adamson, R.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Category <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>).</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">R. A. S. M.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Robert Alexander Stewart Macalister, M.A., F.S.A.</span><br /> + Director of Excavations for the Palestine Exploration Fund.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Capernaum; + Carmel.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">R. G.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Richard Garnett.</span><br /> + See the biographical article: <span class="sc">Garnett, Richard.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cardan.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">R. I. P.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">R. I. Pocock, F.Z.S.</span><br /> + Superintendent of the Zoological Gardens, London.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Centipede.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">R. K. D.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Sir Robert Kennaway Douglas.</span><br /> + Formerly Keeper of Oriental Printed Books and MSS. at the British Museum, and + Professor of Chinese, King’s College, London. Author of <i>The Language and Literature + of China</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Canton.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">R. L.*</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Richard Lydekker, F.R.S., F.G.S., F.Z.S.</span><br /> + Member of the Staff of the Geological Survey of India, 1874-1882. Author of + <i>Catalogues of Fossil Mammals, Reptiles and Birds in British Museum</i>; <i>The Deer of + all Lands</i>; <i>The Game Animals of Africa</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Camel; + Capuchin Monkey; + Carnivora; + Cat; + Cavy; + Cetacea; + Chamois.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">R. L. H.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Robert Lockhart Hobson.</span><br /> + Assistant in the Department of British and Medieval Antiquities, British Museum. + Author of <i>Porcelain: Oriental, Continental and British</i>; <i>Marks on Pottery and + Porcelain</i> (with W. Burton); and <i>Catalogue and Guide of English Pottery and + Porcelain in British Museum</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Ceramics: <span class="no"><i>Medieval and Later Italian</i>; Persian, Syrian, Egyptian and Turkish.</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">R. N. B.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Robert Nisbet Bain</span> (d. 1909).<br /> + Assistant Librarian, British Museum, 1883-1909. Author of <i>Scandinavia, the + Political History of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, 1313-1900</i>; <i>The First Romanovs, + 1613-1725</i>; <i>Slavonic Europe, the Political History of Poland and Russia from + 1469 to 1796</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 5em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Canute; + Canute VI; + Casimir III.; + Casimir IV.; + Catherine I.; + Charles I. <span class="no">(<i>Hungary</i>);</span> + Charles IX., X., XI., XII. <span class="no">(<i>Sweden</i>);</span> + Charles XIII., XIV., XV. <span class="no">(<i>Sweden and Norway</i>).</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">R. Po.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">René Poupardin, D. ès L.</span><br /> + Secretary of the École des Chartes. Honorary Librarian at the Bibliothèque + Nationale, Paris. Author of <i>Le Royaume de Provence sous les Carolingiens</i>; <i>Recueil + des chartes de Saint-Germain</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Charles the Bold.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">R. P. S.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">R. Phené Spiers, F.S.A., F.R.I.B.A.</span><br /> + Master of the Architectural School and Surveyor, Royal Academy, London. + Past President of Architectural Association. Associate and Fellow of King’s + College, London. Corresponding Member of the Institute of France. Edited + Fergusson’s <i>History of Architecture</i>. Author of <i>Architecture East and West</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 4em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Campanile; + Capital: <span class="no"><i>Arch.</i>;</span> + Cathedral: <span class="no"><i>Arch.</i>;</span> + Ceiling.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">R. S. C.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Robert Seymour Conway, M.A., D.Litt.</span> (Cantab.).<br /> + Professor of Latin in the University of Manchester. Formerly Professor of Latin + in University College, Cardiff; and Fellow of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. + Author of <i>The Italic Dialects</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Campania <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>).</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">R. W.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Robert Wallace, F.R.S.</span> (Edin.), F.L.S.<br /> + Professor of Agriculture and Rural Economy at Edinburgh University, and Garton + Lecturer on Colonial and Indian Agriculture. Professor of Agriculture, R.A.C., + Cirencester, 1882-1885. Author of <i>Farm Live Stock of Great Britain</i>; <i>Indian Agriculture</i>; + <i>The Agriculture and Rural Economy of Australia and New Zealand</i>; <i>Farming + Industries of Cape Colony</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 4em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cattle <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>).</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">R. We.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Richard Webster, A.M.</span><br /> + Editor of <i>Elegies of Maximianus</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Channing, William E.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">ST C.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Viscount St Cyres.</span><br /> + See the biographical article: <span class="sc">Iddesleigh, 1st Earl of.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Casuistry.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">S. D.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Samuel Davidson, D.D.</span><br /> + See the biographical article: <span class="sc">Davidson, Samuel.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 2em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Canon: <span class="no"><i>Scriptures</i>.</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">T. As.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Thomas Ashby, M.A., D.Litt., F.S.A.</span><br /> + Director of the British School of Archaeology at Rome. Corresponding Member + of the Imperial German Archaeological Institute. Formerly Scholar of Christ + Church, Oxford. Craven Fellow, Oxford, 1897. Author of <i>The Classical Topography + of the Roman Campagna</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 5em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Camerino; + Campania <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>);</span> + Canosa; + Canusium; + Capena; + Capri; + Capua; + Carales; + Carsioli; + Casilinum; + Casinum; + Cassia, Via; + Catania; + Caudine Forks; + Cefalu; + Centuripe; + Cesena.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">T. A. H.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Captain Thomas A. Hull, R.N.</span><br /> + Formerly Superintendent of Admiralty Charts.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Chart.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">T. Ba.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Sir Thomas Barclay, M.P.</span><br /> + Member of the Institute of International Law. Member of the Supreme Council + of the Congo Free State. Officer of the Legion of Honour. Author of <i>Problems + of International Practice and Diplomacy</i>; &c. M.P. for Blackburn, 1910.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 4em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Capture.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">T. F. C.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Theodore Freylinghuysen Collier, Ph.D.</span><br /> + Assistant Professor of History, Williams College, Williamstown, Mass., U.S.A.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Carthage, Synods of; + Chalcedon, Council of.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">T. K. C.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Rev. Thomas Kelly Cheyne. D.Litt., D.D.</span><br /> + See the biographical article: <span class="sc">Cheyne, T.K.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Canaan, Canaanites.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">T. M. F.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Thomas Macall Fallow, M.A., F.S.A.</span><br /> + Formerly editor of <i>The Antiquary</i>, 1895-1899. Author of <i>Memorials of Old Yorkshire</i>; + <i>The Cathedral Churches of Ireland</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cathedral.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">T. W. F.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Thomas William Fox.</span><br /> + Professor of Textiles in the University of Manchester. Author of <i>Mechanics of Weaving</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Carding.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. A. B. C.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Rev. William Augustus Brevoort Coolidge, M.A., F.R.G.S.</span><br /> + Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. Professor of English History, St David’s + College, Lampeter, 1880-1881. Author of <i>Guide to Switzerland</i>; <i>The Alps + in Nature and in History</i>; &c. Editor of <i>The Alpine Journal</i>, 1880-1889.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 4em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cannes; + Chamonix; + Chartreuse, La Grande.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. A. P.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Walter Alison Phillips, M.A.</span><br /> + Formerly Exhibitioner of Merton College and Senior Scholar of St John’s College, + Oxford. Author of <i>Modern Europe</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Canon: <span class="no"><i>Church Dignitary</i>;</span> + Capo d’Istria; + Carlsbad Decrees; + Chasuble.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. B.*</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">William Burton, Hon. M.A.</span> (Vict.), F.C.S.<br /> + Chairman, Joint-Committee of Pottery Manufacturers of Great Britain. Examiner for + Board of Education in Pottery Design and for Technological Examinations in Pottery + Manufacture. Author of <i>English Stoneware and Earthenware</i>; <i>Porcelain</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 4em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Ceramics <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>).</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. B. D.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">William Boyd Dawkins, F.R.S., D.Sc.</span><br /> + See the biographical article: <span class="sc">Dawkins, William Boyd.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cave.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. B. Du.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">William Bartlett Duffield, M.A.</span><br /> + Barrister at Law, Inner Temple. Secretary to the Royal Commission on Canals, 1906-1910.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Chartered Companies.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. F. C.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">William Feilden Craies, M.A.</span><br /> + Barrister-at-Law, Inner Temple. Lecturer on Criminal Law at King’s College, + London. Editor of <i>Archbold’s Criminal Pleading</i> (23rd edition).</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Capital punishment.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. F. W.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Walter Francis Willcox, LL.B., Ph.D.</span><br /> + Dean of, and Professor of Political Economy and Statistics at, Cornell University. + Formerly Chief Statistician and now Special Agent of the U.S. Census Bureau. + Author of <i>The Divorce Problem--a Study in Statistics</i>; <i>Social Statistics of the United + States</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 4em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Census: <span class="no"><i>U.S.A.</i></span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. Fr.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">William Fream</span> (d. 1907), LL.D., F.G.S., F.L.S., F.S.S.<br /> + Author of <i>Handbook of Agriculture</i>. Formerly Agricultural Correspondent of <i>The Times</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cattle <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>).</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. G.*</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Walcot Gibson, D.Sc., F.G.S.</span><br /> + Geologist on H.M. Geological Survey. Author of <i>The Gold-bearing Rocks of the + S. Transvaal</i>; <i>Mineral Wealth of Africa</i>; <i>The Geology of Coal and Coal Mining</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Cape Colony: <span class="no"><i>Geology.</i></span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. G. F. P.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Sir Walter George Frank Phillimore, Bart., D.C.L., LL.D.</span><br /> + Judge of the King’s Bench Division. President of International Law Association, 1905. + Author of <i>Book of Church Law</i>. Editor of 2nd ed. of <i>Phillimore’s Ecclesiastical + Law</i>; 3rd ed. of vol. iv. of <i>Phillimore’s International Law</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 4em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Canon Law: <span class="no"><i>Anglican.</i></span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. G. M.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Walter G. M‘Millan, F.C.S., M.I.M.E.</span> (d. 1904).<br /> + Formerly Secretary of the Institute of Electrical Engineers. Lecturer on Metallurgy, + Mason College, Birmingham. Author of <i>A Treatise on Electro-Metallurgy</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Carborundum.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. Ha.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Rev. William Hanna, LL.D., D.D. (1802-1882).</span><br /> + Minister of St John’s Free Church, Edinburgh, 1850-1866. Author of <i>Life of Dr + Chalmers</i>; <i>Wycliffe and the Huguenots</i>; <i>Martyrs of the Scottish Reformation</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Chalmers, Thomas <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>).</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. J. G.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">William John Gruffydd, M.A.</span><br /> + Lecturer in Celtic, University College, Cardiff. Examiner in Welsh to the Central + Welsh Board for Intermediate Education. Author of <i>Caneuon a Cherddi: An + Anthology of Medieval Welsh Poetry</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Celt: <span class="no"><i>Literature, Welsh.</i></span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. L.*</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Walter Lehmann, M.D.</span><br /> + Directorial Assistant of the Royal Ethnographical Museum, Munich. Conducted + Exploring Expedition in Mexico and Central America, 1907-1909. Author of many + publications on Mexican and Central American Archaeology.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 4em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Central America: <span class="no"><i>Archaeology.</i></span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. L. A.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Rev. William Lindsay Alexander, D.D., LL.D., F.R.S.</span> (Edin.) (1808-1884).<br /> + Classical Tutor, Lancashire Independent College. Pastor of Independent Chapel, + N. College Street, Edinburgh. One of the Old Testament Revisers. Author of + <i>A Moral Philosophy</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Calvin <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>).</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. L. G.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">William Lawson Grant, M.A.</span><br /> + Professor at Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada. Formerly Beit Lecturer in + Colonial History at Oxford University. Editor of <i>Acts of the Privy Council</i>, + Colonial series; <i>Canadian Constitutional Development</i> (in collaboration).</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 4em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Canada: <span class="no"><i>Statistics</i>;</span> + Cartier, Sir Georges Etienne.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. M. R.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">William Michael Rossetti.</span><br /> + See the biographical article: <span class="sc">Rossetti, Dante Gabriel.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Canova; + Caracci; + Cartoon; + Cellini, Benvenuto <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>);</span> + Charlet.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. Ri.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">William Ridgeway, M.A., D.Sc., LL.D.</span> (Aberdeen), <span class="sc">D.Litt.</span><br /> + Fellow of the British Academy. Disney Professor of Archaeology at Cambridge + University. Professor of Greek, Queen’s College, Cork, 1883. Ex-President of + Cambridge Philological, Antiquarian and Classical Societies. Author of + <i>The Oldest Irish Epic</i>; <i>Origin of Metallic Currency and Weight Standards</i>; + <i>The Early Age of Greece</i>; &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 4em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Celt.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. R. B.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">Rt. Rev. William Robert Brownlow,</span> M.A., D.D. (d. 1901).<br /> + Roman Catholic Bishop of Clifton. Provost and Domestic Prelate to Pope Leo +XIII. Co-editor of <i>English Roma Sotterranea</i>. Author of <i>Early Christian Symbolism</i>; +<i>Lectures on Sacerdotalism, on Catacombs and other Archaeological Subjects</i>. +Translator of <i>Cur Deus Homo</i> and <i>Vitis mystica</i>.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 4em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Catacomb <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>).</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. R. S.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">William Robertson Smith</span><br /> + See the biographical article: <span class="sc">Smith, William Robertson.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Canticles <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>).</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. Wo.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">William Wood, D.C.L., F.R.S.</span> (Canada).<br /> +Lieut.-Col., Canadian Militia. Formerly President of the English Section of the +Royal Society of Canada and of the Historic Landmarks Association. Author of +<i>The Fight for Canada</i>; <i>The Logs of the Conquest of Canada</i>, &c.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Canada: <span class="no"><i>Literature, French-Canadian</i>.</span></td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. W. R.*</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">William Walker Rockwell, Lic. Theol.</span><br /> + Assistant Professor of Church History, Union Theological Seminary, New York.</td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Celestine III. and V.</td></tr> + + +<tr> <td class="tc1">W. Y. S.</td> + <td class="tc2"><span class="sc">William Young Sellar.</span><br /> + See the biographical article: <span class="sc">Sellar, William Young.</span></td> + <td class="tc3" style="font-size: 3em;">{</td> + <td class="tc4">Catullus <span class="no">(<i>in part</i>).</span></td></tr> + +</table> + + +<hr class="foot" /> +<div class="note"> + +<p><a name="Footnote_1" id="Footnote_1" href="#FnAnchor_1"><span class="fn">1</span></a> A complete list, showing all individual contributors, appears in + the final volume.</p> +</div> + +<div class="pt2"> </div> +<hr class="full" /> +<div class="pt2"> </div> + +<p class="center" style="font-size: 130%">PRINCIPAL UNSIGNED ARTICLES</p> + +<table class="nobctr" width="90%" summary="Contents"> + +<tr><td class="tc51 bold"> +<p>California.</p> +<p>Cambodia.</p> +<p>Cambridge, Earls and Dukes of.</p> +<p>Cambridge, England.</p> +<p>Cambridgeshire.</p> +<p>Campbell, Thomas.</p> +<p>Canary Islands.</p> +<p>Canning, George.</p> +<p>Canterbury.</p> +<p>Cape Town.</p> +<p>Cape Verde Islands.</p> +<p>Capital <span class="no">(<i>Economics</i>).</span></p> +<p>Capitulations.</p> +<p>Carbolic Acid.</p> +<p>Carbon.</p> +<p>Cardiganshire.</p> +<p>Cards, Playing.</p> +<p>Carducci, Giosue.</p> +<p>Carinthia.</p> +<p>Carlisle, Earls of.</p></td> + +<td class="tc51 bold"> +<p>Carlisle.</p> +<p>Carlos.</p> +<p>Carlsbad.</p> +<p>Carlstadt.</p> +<p>Carmarthenshire.</p> +<p>Carnarvonshire.</p> +<p>Carnegie, Andrew.</p> +<p>Carnot.</p> +<p>Carol.</p> +<p>Caroline Islands.</p> +<p>Carrier.</p> +<p>Cartagena.</p> +<p>Cassel.</p> +<p>Cassiodorus.</p> +<p>Caste.</p> +<p>Catherine, Saint.</p> +<p>Catherine II.</p> +<p>Catherine de’ Medici</p> +<p>Catiline.</p> +<p>Cato.</p></td> + +<td class="tc51 bold"> +<p>Causation.</p> +<p>Cavaignac, Louis Eugène.</p> +<p>Cavan.</p> +<p>Cavendish, Henry.</p> +<p>Caxton, William.</p> +<p>Cedar.</p> +<p>Celebes.</p> +<p>Celsus.</p> +<p>Cemetery.</p> +<p>Chambers, Robert.</p> +<p>Chancellor.</p> +<p>Chancery.</p> +<p>Channel Islands.</p> +<p>Chantrey, Sir Francis.</p> +<p>Charles V., VI., VII. of France.</p> +<p>Charles, Archduke of Austria.</p> +<p>Charles Albert, king of Sardinia.</p> +<p>Charles Augustus.</p> +<p>Chartism.</p> +<p>Chateaubriand.</p></td></tr> +</table> + +<div class="pt2"> </div> +<hr class="full" /> +<div class="pt2"> </div> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th +Edition, Volume 5, Appendix, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ENCYC. 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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Volume 5, Appendix + Author List + +Author: Various + +Release Date: August 21, 2010 [EBook #33477] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ENCYC. BRITANNICA, VOL 5, APPENDIX *** + + + + +Produced by Marius Masi, Don Kretz and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + + + + + THE + ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA + + ELEVENTH EDITION + + + + + FIRST edition, published in three volumes, 1768-1771. + SECOND " " ten " 1777-1784. + THIRD " " eighteen " 1788-1797. + FOURTH " " twenty " 1801-1810. + FIFTH " " twenty " 1815-1817. + SIXTH " " twenty " 1823-1824. + SEVENTH " " twenty-one " 1830-1842. + EIGHTH " " twenty-two " 1853-1860. + NINTH " " twenty-five " 1875-1889. + TENTH " ninth edition and eleven + supplementary volumes, 1902-1903. + ELEVENTH " published in twenty-nine volumes, 1910-1911. + + + + + COPYRIGHT + in all countries subscribing to the + Bern Convention + + by + THE CHANCELLOR, MASTERS AND SCHOLARS + of the + UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE + + _All rights reserved_ + + + + + THE + ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA + + A + DICTIONARY + OF + ARTS, SCIENCES, LITERATURE AND GENERAL + INFORMATION + + ELEVENTH EDITION + + VOLUME V + + CALHOUN to CHATELAINE + + + New York + Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. + 342 Madison Avenue + + + Copyright, in the United States of America, 1910, + by + The Encyclopaedia Britannica Company. + + + + +INITIALS USED IN VOLUME V. TO IDENTIFY INDIVIDUAL CONTRIBUTORS,[1] +WITH THE HEADINGS OF THE ARTICLES IN THIS VOLUME SO SIGNED. + + +A. Bo.* + AUGUSTE BOUDINHON, D.D., D.C.L. + Professor of Canon Law at the Catholic University of Paris. + Honorary Canon of Paris. Editor of the _Canoniste Contemporain_. + + Canon Law: _General_; + Cardinal. + + +A. C. S. + ALGERNON CHARLES SWINBURNE. + See the biographical article, SWINBURNE, ALGERNON CHARLES. + + Chapman George (_in part_). + + +A. E. H. + A. E. HOUGHTON. + Formerly Correspondent of The _Standard_ in Spain. Author of + _Restoration of the Bourbons in Spain_. + + Camacho; + Canovas del Castillo; + Castelar y Ripoll. + + +A. E. S. + ARTHUR EVERETT SHIPLEY, F.R.S., F.Z.S., F.L.S. + Fellow, Tutor and Lecturer of Christ's College, Cambridge. + University Reader in Zoology. Formerly University Lecturer on the + Advanced Morphology of the Invertebrata. Author of _Zoology of + the Invertebrata_. Editor of the Pitt Press _Natural Science + Manuals_, &c. + + Chaetognatha; + Chaetosomatida. + + +A. Go.* + REV. ALEXANDER GORDON, M.A. + Lecturer in Church History at the University of Manchester. + + Carranza. + + +A. H. J. G. + ABEL HENDY JONES GREENIDGE, D.LITT. (Oxon.), (d. 1905). + Formerly Fellow and Lecturer of Hertford College, Oxford, and of + St John's College, Oxford. Author of _Infamia in Roman Law_; + _Handbook of Greek Constitutional History_; _Roman Public Life, + History of Rome_. Joint-author of _Sources of Roman History_, + 133-70 B.C. + + Censor: _Ancient_. + + +A. H. S. + REV. ARCHIBALD HENRY SAYCE, D.LITT., LL.D. + See the biographical article, SAYCE, A. H. + +Caria. + + +A. J. G. + REV. ALEXANDER JAMES GRIEVE, M.A., B.D. + Professor of New Testament and Church History at the United + Independent College, Bradford. Sometime Registrar of Madras + University and Member of Mysore Educational Service. + + Catechism; + Calvin (_in part_). + + +A. L. + ANDREW LANG. + See the biographical article, LANG, ANDREW. + + Casket Letters. + + +A. Lo. + AUGUSTE LONGNON. + Professor at the College de France. Director of the Ecole des + hautes etudes. Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. Member of the + Institute. Author of _Livre des vassaux du Comte de Champagne et + de Brie_; _Geographie de la Gaule au VI siecle_; _Atlas historique + de la France depuis Cesar jusqu'a nos jours_; &c. + + Champagne. + + +A. M. C. + AGNES MARY CLERKE. + See the biographical article, CLERKE, A. M. + + Cassini. + + +A. M. Cl. + AGNES MURIEL CLAY (MRS WILDE). + Late Resident Tutor of Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford. Joint-author of + _Sources of Roman History_, 133-70 B.C. + + Centumviri. + + +A. N. + ALFRED NEWTON, F.R.S. + See the biographical article, NEWTON, ALFRED. + + Canary; + Capercally. + + +A. P. C. + ARTHUR PHILEMON COLEMAN. F.R.S. + Professor of Geology, University of Toronto. + + Canada: _Geography_. + + +A. P. H. + ALFRED PETER HILLIER, M.D., M.P. + Author of _South African Studies_; _The Commonweal_; &c. Served in + Kaffir War, 1878-1879. Partner with Dr L. S. Jameson in medical + practice in South Africa till 1096. Member of Reform Committee, + Johannesburg, and Political Prisoner at Pretoria, 1895-1896. M.P. + for Hitchin division of Herts, 1910. + + Cape Colony: S _History_ (_in part_). + + +A. SI. + ARTHUR SHADWELL, M.A., M.D., LL.D., F.R.C.P. + Member of Council of Epidemiological Society. Author of _The + London Water-Supply_; _Industrial Efficiency_; _Drink, Temperante + and Legislation_. + + Cancer. + + +A. S. C. + ALAN SUMMERLY COLE, C.B. + Assistant Secretary for Art, Board of Education, 1900-1908. Took + part in organization of the Textile Manufacturers' Section, St + Louis Exhibition, 1904. Author of _Ancient Needle Point and Pillow + Lace_; _Embroidery and Lace_; _Ornament in European Silks_;&c. + + Carpet. + + +A. V. De P. + A. VAN DE PUT. + Assistant, Victoria and Albert Museum, South Kensington. Author of + _Hispano-Moresque Ware of the XV. Century_; _The Aragonese + Double-Crown and the Borja or Borgia Device_. + + Ceramics: S _Hispano-Moresque._ + + +A. Wa. + ARTHUR WAUGH, M.A. + Managing Director of Chapman & Hall, Ltd., Publishers. Formerly + literary adviser to Kegan Paul & Co. Author of _Alfred Lord + Tennyson_; _Legends of the Wheel_; _Robert Browning_ in + "Westminster Biographies." Editor of Johnson's _Lives of the + Poets_. + + Calverley, C. S. + + +A. W. H.* + ARTHUR WILLIAM HOLLAND. + Formerly Scholar of St John's College, Oxford. Bacon Scholar of + Gray's Inn, 1900. + + Charlemagne. + + +A. Z. + ALICE ZIMMERN. + Author of _Methods of Education in the United States_; _The + Renaissance of Girls' Education in England_; _Women's Suffrage in + Many Lands_; &c. + + Carpenter, Mary. + + +B. Bl. + BERTRAM BLOUNT, F.C.S., F.I.C. + Consulting Chemist to the Crown Agents for the Colonies. Hon. + President, Cement Section of International Association for Testing + Materials, Buda-Pesth. Author of _Practical Electro-Chemistry_. + + Cement. + + +B. Ra. + BERNARD RACKHAM, M.A. + Assistant, Victoria and Albert Museum, South Kensington. + + Ceramics: S _German, Dutch and Scandinavian._ + + +C.F.A. + CHARLES FRANCIS ATKINSON. + Formerly Scholar of Queen's College, Oxford. Captain, 1st City of + London (Royal Fusiliers). Author of _The Wilderness and Cold + Harbour_. + + Castle (_in part_). + + +C. F. C. + C. F. CROSS., B.SC. (Lond.), F.C.S., F.I.C. + Analytical and Consulting Chemist. + + Cellulose. + + +C. J. J. + CHARLES JASPER JOLY, F.R.S., F.R.A.S. (1864-1906). + Royal Astronomer of Ireland and Andrews Professor of Astronomy in + the University of Dublin, 1897-1906. Fellow of Trinity College, + Dublin. Secretary of the Royal Irish Academy. + + Camera Lucida; + Camera Obscura (_in Part_). + + +C. L. + H. CALDWELL LIPSETT. + Formerly Editor of the _Civil and Military Gazette_, Lahore, + India. Author of _Lord Curzon in India; &c._ + + Ceylon (_in part_). + + +C. Pf. + CHRISTIAN PFISTER, D-ES-L. + Professor at the Sorbonne, Paris. Chevalier of the Legion of + Honour. Author of _Etudes sur le regne de Robert le Pieux_. + + Capitulary; Carolingians; Charibert; Charles Martel. + + +C. R. B. + CHARLES RAYMOND BEAZLEY, M.A., D.LITT. + Professor of Modern History in the University of Birmingham. + Formerly Fellow of Merton College, Oxford. University Lecturer in + the History of Geography. Author of _Henry the Navigator_; _The + Dawn of Modern Geography_; &c. + + Cam, Diogo; + Carpini (_in part_); + Chang Chun. + + +C. S. L. + CHARLES STEWART LOCH, D.C.L. (Oxford), LL.D. (ST ANDREWS). + Secretary to the Council of the London Charity Organization + Society since 1875. Member of the Royal Commission on the Poor + Laws. Dunkin Trust Lecturer, Manchester College, Oxford, 1896 and + 1902. Vice-President, Royal Statistical Society, + 1894-1895-1897-1901. Author of _Charity Organization_; _Old Age + Pensions and Pauperism_; _Methods of Social Advance_; &c. + + Charity and Charities. + + +D. E. J. + REV. D. E. JENKINS. + Calvinistic Methodist Minister, Denbigh. Author of _Life of Lewis + Charles Edwards of Bala_. + + Calvinistic Methodists; + Charles, Thomas. + + +D. F. T. + DONALD FRANCIS TOVEY. + Author of _Essays in Musical Analysis_: comprising _The Classical + Concerto_, _The Goldberg Variations_, and analyses of many other + classical works. + + Cantata. + + +D. G. H. + DAVID GEORGE HOGARTH, M.A. + Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. Fellow of the British Academy. + Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. Excavated at Paphos, 1888; + Naucratis, 1899 and 1903; Ephesus, 1904-1905; Assiut, 1906-1907; + Director, British School at Athens, 1897-1900; Director, Cretan + Exploration Fund, 1899. + + Cappadocia (_in part_). + + +D. H. + DAVID HANNAY. + Formerly British Vice-Consul at Barcelona. Author of _Short + History of the Royal Navy_; _Life of Emilio Castelar_; &c. + + Carvajal, Luisa de; + Chateau-Renault. + + +D. Ll. T. + DANIEL LLEUFER THOMAS. + Barrister at law, Lincoln's Inn. Stipendiary Magistrate at + Pontypridd and Rhondda. + + Cardiff. + + +D. Mn. + REV. DUGALD MACFADYEN, M.A. + Minister of South Grove Congregational Church, Highgate. Author of + _Constructive Congregational Ideals_; &c. + + Campbell, John McLeod; + Chalmers, Thomas (_in part_). + + +E. Ar. + EDWARD ARMSTRONG, M.A. + Fellow of the British Academy. Fellow, Bursar and Lecturer in + Modern History, Queen's College, Oxford. Warden of Bradfield + College. Lecturer to the University in Foreign History, 1902-1904. + Author of _The Emperor Charles V._; _Elisabeth Farnese_; _Lorenzo + de Medici_; _The French Wars of Religion_; &c. + + Charles V., Emperor. + + +E. A. J. + E. ALFRED JONES. + Author of _Old English Gold Plate; Old Church Plate of the Isle of + Man_; _Old Silver Sacramental Vessels of Foreign Protestant + Churches in England_; _Illustrated Catalogue of Leopold de + Rothschild's Collection of Old Plate_; _A Private Catalogue of The + Royal Plate at Windsor Castle_; &c. + + Cellini, Benvenuto (_in part_). + + +E. B.* + ERNEST CHARLES FRANCOIS BABELON. + Professor at the College de France. Keeper of the department of + Medals and Antiquities at the Bibliotheque Nationale. Member of + the Academie des Inscriptions de Belles Lettres, Paris. Chevalier + of the Legion of Honour. Author of _Descriptions Historiques des + Monnaies de la Republique Romaine_; _Traites des Monnaies Grecques + et Romaines_; _Catalogue des Camees de la Bibliotheque Nationale_. + + Carthage: _Ancient._ + + +E. C. + EDWARD CAIRD, D.C.L., D.LITT. + See the biographical article, CAIRD, EDWARD. + + Cartesianism. + + +E. C. B. + RT. REV. EDWARD CUTHBERT BUTLER, O.S.B., M.A., D.LITT. (Dublin). + Abbot of Downside Abbey, Bath. Author of "The Lausiac History of + Palladius," in _Cambridge Texts and Studies_, vol. vi. + + Camaldulians; + Canon: _Church Dignitary_; + Capuchins; + Carmelites; + Carthusians; + Celestines. + + +E. C. Q. + EDMUND CROSBY QUIGGIN, M.A. + Fellow of, and Lecturer in Modern Languages and Monro Lecturer in + Celtic at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. + + Celt: _Languages and Literature_. + + +E. G. + EDMUND GOSSE, LL.D. + See the biographical article, GOSSE, EDMUND + + Canzone; + Carew, Thomas; + Cavendish, George; + Chansons de Geste; + Chant Royal. + + +E. Gr. + ERNEST ARTHUR GARDNER. + See the biographical article, GARDNER, PERCY. + + Calydon; + Ceos; + Cephalonia. + + +E. H. B. + SIR EDWARD HERBERT BUNBURY, BART., M.A., F.R.G.S. (d. 1895). + M.P. for Bury-St-Edmunds, 1847-1852. Author of a _History of + Ancient Geography_, &c. + + Cappadocia (_in part_). + + +E. H. G. + E. H. GODFREY. + Editor, Census and Statistics Office, Department of Agriculture, + Ottawa. + + Canada: S _Agriculture_. + + +E. H. M. + ELLIS HOVELL MINNS, M.A. + University Lecturer in Palaeography, Cambridge. Lecturer and + Assistant Librarian at Pembroke College, Cambridge. Formerly + Fellow of Pembroke College. + + Carpi: _Ancient Tribes_. + + +E. L. W. + SIR EDWARD LEADER WILLIAMS (d. 1910). + Vice-President, Institute of Civil Engineers. Consulting Engineer, + Manchester Ship Canal. Chief Engineer of the Manchester Ship Canal + during its construction. Author of papers printed in _Proceedings + of Institute of Civil Engineers_. + + Canal. + + +Ed. M. + EDUARD MEYER, PH.D., D.LITT. (Oxon.), LL.D. (Chicago). + Professor of Ancient History in the University of Berlin. Author + of _Geschichte des Alterthums_; _Geschichte des alten Aegyptens_; + _Die Israeliten und ihre Nachbarstamme_. + + Cambyses. + + +E. O.* + EDMUND OWEN, M.B., F.R.C.S., LL.D., D.SC. + Consulting Surgeon to St Mary's Hospital, London, and to the + Children's Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London. Chevalier of the + Legion of Honour. Late Examiner in Surgery at the Universities of + Cambridge, London and Durham. Author of _A Manual of Anatomy for + Senior Students_. + + Carbuncle. + + +E. Pr. + EDGAR PRESTAGE. + Special Lecturer in Portuguese Literature in the University of + Manchester. Examiner in Portuguese in the Universities of London, + Manchester, &c. Commendador Portuguese Order of S. Thiago. + Corresponding Member of Lisbon Royal Academy of Sciences, Lisbon + Geographical Society, &c. Author of _Letters of a Portuguese Nun_; + _Azurara's Chronicle of Guinea_; &c. + + Camoens; + Castello Branco; + Castilho. + + +E. Tn. + REV. ETHELRED LEONARD TAUNTON (d. 1907). + Author of _The English Black Monks of St Benedict_; _History of + the Jesuits in England_; &c. + + Campeggio; + Campion, Edmund; + Cano, Melchior; + Cassander, George; + Castellesi. + + +E. V. + REV. EDMUND VENABLES, M.A., D.D. (1819-1895). + Canon and Precentor of Lincoln. Author of _Episcopal Palaces of + England_. + + Catacomb (_in part_). + + +F. C. C. + FREDERICK CORNWALLIS CONYBEARE, M.A., D.TH. (Giessen). + Fellow of the British Academy. Formerly Fellow of University + College, Oxford. Author of _The Ancient Armenian Texts of + Aristotle_; _Myth, Magic and Morals_ (1909); &c. + + Cathars. + + +F. J. H. + FRANCIS JOHN HAVERFIELD, M.A., LL.D. (Aberdeen), F.S.A. + Camden Professor of Ancient History at Oxford University. Fellow + of Brasenose College, Oxford. Fellow of the British Academy. + Member of the German Imperial Archaeological Institute. Formerly + Senior Censor, Student, Tutor and Librarian of Christ Church, + Oxford. Ford's Lecturer, 1906. Author of Monographs on Roman + History, &c. + + Celtiberia; Cassiterides. + + +F. Ll. G. + FRANCIS LLEWELYN GRIFFITH, M.A., PH.D. (Leipzig), F.S.A. + Reader in Egyptology, Oxford University. Editor of the + Archaeological Survey and Archaeological Reports of the Egypt + Exploration Fund. Fellow of Imperial German Archaeological + Institute. + + Canopus. + + +F. H. M. + COL. FREDERIC NATUSCH MAUDE, C.B. + Lecturer in Military History at Manchester University. Author of + _War and the World Policy_; _The Leipzig Campaign_; _The Jena + Campaign_. + + Cavalry. + + +F. Px. + FRANK PUAUX. + President of the Societe de l'Histoire du Protestantisme francais. + Author of _Les precurseurs francais de la Tolerance_; _Histoire de + l'etablissement des protestants francais en Suede_; _L'Eglise + reformee de France_; &c. + + Camisards; + Cavalier, Jean. + + +F. R. C. + FRANK R. CANA. + Author of _South Africa from the Great Trek to the Union_. + + Cameroon; + Cape Colony. + + +F. W. R.* + FREDERICK WILLIAM RUDLER, I.S.O., F.G.S. + Curator and Librarian of the Museum of Practical Geology, London, + 1879-1902. President of the Geologists' Association, 1887-1889. + + Carbonado; + Cassiterite; + Cat's Eye; + Celestine; + Chalcedony. + + +G. A. B. + GEORGE A. BOULENGER, F.R.S., D.SC., PH.D. (Giessen). + Assistant in the Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, + South Kensington. Vice-President of the Zoological Society. + + Carp; + Cat-Fish. + + +G. G. Co. + GEORGE GORDON COULTON, M.A. + Birkbeck Lecturer in Ecclesiastical History, Trinity College, + Cambridge. Author of _Medieval Studies_; _Chaucer and his + England_; _From St Francis to Dante_; &c. + + Celibacy. + + +G. H. C. + G. H. CARPENTER, B.SC. + Professor of Zoology in the Royal College of Science, Dublin. + Author of _Insects: their Structure and Life_. + + Chafer. + + +G. M. W. + GEORGE MCKINNON WRONG, M.A., F.R.S. (Canada). + Professor of History at Toronto University. Author of _A Canadian + Manor and its Seigneurs_; _The British Nation: a History_; &c. + + Canada: _History to Federation_. + + +G. R. P. + GEORGE ROBERT PARKIN, LL.D., C.M.G. + See the biographical article, PARKIN, G. R. + + Canada: _History from Federation._ + + +G. W. T. + REV. GRIFFITHES WHEELER THATCHER, M.A., B.D. + Warden of Camden College, Sydney, N.S.W. Formerly Tutor in Hebrew + and Old Testament History at Mansfield College, Oxford. + + Carmathians. + + +H. A. M. S. + HENRY A. M. SMITH. + + Calhoun, John C. + + +H. B. Wa. + HENRY BEAUCHAMP WALTERS, M.A., F.S.A. + Assistant to Keeper of Greek and Roman Antiquities, British + Museum. Author of _The Art of the Greeks_; _History of Ancient + Pottery_; _Catalogue of the Greek and Etruscan Vases in the + British Museum_, vol. ii.; _Catalogue of Bronzes, Greek, Roman and + Etruscan_; &c. + + Ceramics: _Greek, Etruscan and Roman_. + + +H. Ch. + HUGH CHISHOLM, M.A. + Formerly Scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. Editor of the + 11th edition of the _Encyclopaedia Britannica_; co-editor of the + 10th edition. + + Campbell Bannerman, Sir H.; + Canon: _Music_; + Chamberlain, J. + + +H. De. + HIPPOLYTE DELEHAYE, S.J. + Assistant in the compilation of the Bollandist publications: + _Analecta Bollandiana_ and _Acta Sanctorum_. + + Canonization. + + +H. F. G. + HANS FRIEDRICH GADOW, F.R.S., PH.D. + Strickland Curator and Lecturer on Zoology in the University of + Cambridge. Author of _Amphibia and Reptiles_. + + Chameleon. + + +H. L. C. + HUGH LONGBOURNE CALLENDAR, F.R.S., LL.D. (McGill Univ.). + Professor of Physics, Royal College of Science, London. Formerly + Professor of Physics in McGill College, Montreal, and in + University College, London. + + Calibration; Calorimetry. + + +H. M. V. + HERBERT M. VAUGHAN, F.S.A. + Keble College, Oxford. Author of _The Last of the Royal Stuarts_; + _The Medici Popes_; _The Last Stuart Queen_. + + Charles Edward. + + +H. P. B. + H. P. BIGGAR. + Author of _The Voyages of the Cabots to Greenland_. + + Cartier, Jacques. + +H. R. H. + HENRY R. H. HALL, M.A. + Assistant in the Department of Egyptian and Assyrian Antiquities, + British Museum. + + Ceramics: _Egypt and Western Asia_. + + +H. Sy. + HENRY SYMONS. + Assistant in the British Museum. Formerly Lecturer in Greek and + Roman History at Bedford College, London. + + Chambord, Comte de. + + +H. T. A. + REV. HERBERT THOMAS ANDREWS. + Professor of New Testament Exegesis, New College, London. Author + of _The Commentary on Acts_ in the _Westminster New Testament_; + _Handbook on the Apocryphal Books_ in the _Century Bible_. + + Catechumen. + + +H. W. R.* + REV. HENRY WHEELER ROBINSON, M.A. + Professor of Church History in Rawdon College, Leeds. Senior + Kennicott Scholar, Oxford, 1901. Author of _Hebrew Psychology in + Relation to Pauline Anthropology_ (in Mansfield College Essays); + &c. + + Canticles (_in part_). + + +H. W. S. + H. WICKHAM STEED. + Correspondent of _The Times_ at Vienna. Correspondent of _The + Times_ at Rome, 1897-1902. + + Cavallotti. + + +H. Y. + COLONEL SIR HENRY YULE, K.C.S.I. + See the biographical article, YULE, SIR H. + + Carpini (_in part_). + + +J. A. B. + SIR JERVOISE ATHELSTANE BAINES, C.S.J. + President, Royal Statistical Society, 1909-1910. Census + Commissioner under the Government of India, 1889-1893. Employed at + India Office as Secretary to Royal Commission on Opium, 1894-1895. + Author of _Official Reports on Provincial Administration on Indian + Census Operations_; &c. + + Census. + + +J. A. H. + JOHN ALLEN HOWE, B.SC. + Curator and Librarian of the Museum of Practical Geology, London. + + Callovian; + Cambrian System; + Caradoc Series; + Carboniferous System; + Chalk. + + +J. A. M'N. + J.A. M'NAUGHT. + Member of the Jury for Carriage Building, Paris Exposition, 1900. + + Carriage + + +J. Bt. + J. BARTLETT. + Lecturer on Construction, Architecture, Sanitation, Quantities, + &c., at King's College, London. Member of Society of Architects. + Member of Institute of Junior Engineers. + + Carpentry + + +J. C. M. + JAMES CLERK MAXWELL, F.R.S. + See biographical article: MAXWELL, JAMES CLERK. + + Capillary Action (_in part_). + + +J. D. Pr. + JOHN DYNELEY PRINCE, PH.D. + Professor of Semitic Languages, Columbia University, New York. + Took part in the Expedition to Southern Babylonia, 1888-1889. + Author of _A Critical Commentary on the Book of Daniel_. + + Chaldea. + + +J. P. D. + SIR J. FREDERICK DICKSON, K.C.M.G. + Reorganized the North-West Province of Ceylon. Editor and + translator of the _Upasampada-Kammavaca_ and the _Patimokha_. + + Ceylon (_in part_). + + +J. F.-K. + JAMES FITZMAURICE-KELLY, LITT.D., F.R.Hist.S. + Gilmour Professor of Spanish Language and Literature, Liverpool + University. Norman MacColl Lecturer, Cambridge University. Fellow + of the British Academy. Corresponding Member of the Royal Spanish + Academy. Author of _A History of Spanish Literature_; &c. + + Campoamar y Campooserio; + Castillo Solorzano; + Celestina, La; + Cervantes. + +J. H. F. + JOHN HENRY FREESE, M.A. + Formerly Fellow of St John's College, Cambridge. + + Calpurnius, Titus. + + +J. H. R. + JOHN HORACE ROUND, M.A., LL.D. (Edin.). + Author of _Feudal England_; _Studies in Peerage and Family + History_; _Peerage and Pedigree_. + + Castle (_in part_); + Castle Guard. + + +J. Hl. R. + JOHN HOLLAND ROSE, M.A., LITT.D. + Lecturer on Modern History to the Cambridge University Local + Lectures Syndicate. Author of _Life of Napoleon I._; _Napoleonic + Studies_; _The Development of the European Nations_; _The Life of + Pitt_; chapters in the _Cambridge Modern History_. + + Cambaceres. + + +J. M'D. + JAMES MACDONALD, M.A., LL.D. + Vice-President of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, + 1895-1897. Rhind Lecturer on Archaeology, 1897. Author of _Tituli + Hunteriani: an Account of the Roman Stones in the Hunterian + Museum_. + + Chalmers, George. + + +J. P.-B. + JAMES GEORGE JOSEPH PENDEREL-BRODHURST. + Editor of the _Guardian_ (London). + + Chair. + + +J. P. E. + JEAN PAUL HIPPOLYTE EMMANUEL ADHEMAR ESMEIN. + Professor of Law in the University of Paris. Officer of the Legion + of Honour. Member of the Institute of France. Author of _Cours + elementaire d'histoire du droit francais_; &c. + + Chatelet. + + +J. R. C. + JOSEPH ROGERSON COTTER, M.A. + Assistant to the Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy, + Trinity College, Dublin. Editor of 2nd edition of Preston's + _Theory of Heat_. + + Calorescence. + + +J. S. F. + JOHN SMITH FLETT, D.SC., F.G.S. + Petrographer to the Geological Survey. Formerly Lecturer on + Petrology in Edinburgh University. Neill Medallist of the Royal + Society of Edinburgh. Bigsby Medallist of the Geological Society + of London. + + Charnockite. + + +J. T. Be. + JOHN T. BEALBY. + Joint author of Stanford's _Europe_. Formerly editor of the + _Scottish Geographical Magazine_. Translator of Sven Hedin's + _Through Asia, Central Asia and Tibet_; &c. + + Caspian Sea (_in part_); + Caucasia; + Caucasus (_in part_). + + +J. T. C. + JOSEPH THOMAS CUNNINGHAM, M.A., F.Z.S. + Lecturer on Zoology at the South-Western Polytechnic, London. + Formerly Assistant Professor of Natural History in the University + of Edinburgh. Naturalist to the Marine Biological Association, and + Fellow of University College, Oxford. Author of numerous papers in + scientific journals. + + Cephalopoda. + + +J. Wa. + MAJOR-GENERAL JAMES WATERHOUSE. + Indian Staff Corps. Vice-President of the Royal Photographic + Society. Assistant Surveyor-General in charge of Photographic + Operations in the Surveyor-General's Office, Calcutta, 1866-1897. + Took part in the observation of total eclipses, 1871 and 1875, and + of transit of Venus, 1874. President of the Asiatic Society of + Bengal, 1888-1890. Author of _The Preparation of Drawings for + Photographic Reproduction_; &c. + + Camera Obscura: _History_. + + +J. W. D. + CAPTAIN J. WHITLY DIXON, R.N. + Nautical Assessor to the Court of Appeal. + + Capstan. + + +J. W. He. + JAMES WYCLIFFE HEADLAM, M.A. + Staff Inspector of Secondary Schools under the Board of Education. + Formerly Fellow of King's College, Cambridge, and Professor of + Greek and Ancient History at Queen's College, London. Author of + _Bismarck and the Foundation of the German Empire_; &c. + + Caprivi. + + +L. D.* + MONSEIGNEUR LOUIS MARIE OLIVIER DUCHESNE. + See the biographical article: DUCHESNE, L. M. O. + + Calixtus I.; + Celestine I. + + +L. J. B. + LAWRENCE J. BURPEE. + Author of _The Search for the Western Sea_. Joint author (with + Henry J. Morgan) of _Canadian Life in Town and Country_. + + Canada: _Literature, English-Canadian_. + + +L. J. S. + LEONARD JAMES SPENCER, M.A. + Assistant in the Department of Mineralogy, British Museum. + Formerly Scholar of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, and Harkness + Scholar. Editor of the _Mineralogical Magazine_. + + Cerargyrite; + Cerussite; + Chabazite; + Chalybite. + + +L. S. + SIR LESLIE STEPHEN, K.C.B., LITT.D. + See the biographical article: STEPHEN, SIR LESLIE. + + Carlyle. + + +L. V.* + LUIGI VILLARI. + Italian Foreign Office (Emigration Dept.). Formerly Newspaper + Correspondent in east of Europe. Italian Vice-Consul in New + Orleans, 1906, Philadelphia, 1907, and Boston, U.S.A., 1907-1910. + Author of _Italian Life in Town and Country_; &c. + + Cantu; + Cappello; + Capponi, G. and P.; + Caracciolo; + Carbonari; + Carmagnola; + Carrara; + Cavour. + + +M. Br. + MARGARET BRYANT. + + Chapman, George (_part_); + Charlemagne: _Legends_. + + +M. G. + MOSES GASTER, PH.D. (Leipzig). + Chief Rabbi of the Sephardic Communities of England. + Vice-President, Zionist Congress, 1898, 1899, 1900. Ilchester + Lecturer at Oxford on Slavonic and Byzantine Literature, 1886 and + 1891. President, Folklore Society of England. Vice-President + Anglo-Jewish Association. Author of _History of Rumanian Popular + Literature_; &c. + + Cantacuzmo; + Cantemir. + + +M. H. S. + MARION H. SPIELMANN, F.S.A. + Formerly Editor of the _Magazine of Art_. Member of Fine Art + Committee of International Exhibitions of Brussels, Paris, Buenos + Aires, Rome, and the Franco-British Exhibition, London. Author of + _History of "Punch"_; _British Portrait Painting to the Opening of + the 19th Century_; _Works of G. F. Watts, R.A._; _British + Sculpture and Sculptors of To-day_; _Henriette Ronner_; &c. + + Caricature; + Cartoon. + + +M. J. de G. + MICHAEL JAN DE GOEJE. + See the biographical article: GOEJE, MICHAEL JAN DE. + + Caliphate. + + +M. P. + REV. MARK PATTISON. + See the biographical article: PATTISON, MARK. + + Casaubon, Isaac. + + +N. E. D. + NARCISSE EUTROPE DIONNE, M.D., LL.D., F.R.S. (Canada). + Librarian of the Legislature of the Province of Quebec. Chief + Editor of _Le Courrier du Canada_, 1880-1884. Chief Inspector of + Federal Licences, 1884-1886. Chief Editor of _Le Journal de + Quebec_, 1886. Author of _Life of Samuel Champlain, Founder of + Quebec_; _Life of Jacques Cartier, discoverer of Canada_; _La + Nouvelle France, 1540-1603_; _Quebec et Nouvelle France_; &c. + + Champlain, Samuel de. + + +N. W. T. + NORTHCOTE WHITBRIDGE THOMAS, M.A. + Government Anthropologist to Southern Nigeria. Corresponding + Member of the Societe d'Anthropologie de Paris. Author of _Thought + Transference_; _Kinship and Marriage in Australia_; &c. + + Cannibalism. + + +O. Ba. + OSWALD BARRON, F.S.A. + Editor of _The Ancestor_, 1902-1905. + + Cecil. + + +O. Br. + OSCAR BRILIANT. + + Carpathian Mountains (_in part_). + + +O. M. D. + ORMONDE MADDOCK DALTON, M.A., F.S.A. + Assistant Keeper, Department of British and Medieval Antiquities, + British Museum. Corresponding Member of the Imperial Russian + Archaeological Society. Author of _Guide to the Early Christian + and Byzantine Antiquities_; &c. + + Catacomb (_in part_). + + +P. A. + PAUL DANIEL ALPHANDERY. + Professor of the History of Dogma, Ecole Pratique des Hautes + Etudes, Sorbonne, Paris. Author of _Les Idees morales chez les + heterodoxes latines au debut du XIII^e siecle_. + + Capistrano. + + +P. A. K. + PRINCE PETER ALEXEIVITCH KROPOTKIN. + See the biographical article: KROPOTKIN, P. A. + + Caspian Sea (_in part_); + Caucasus (_in part_). + + +P. C. Y. + PHILIP CHESNEY YORKE, M.A. + Magdalen College, Oxford. + + Catherine of Aragon; + Charles I.; + Charles II. + + +P. La. + PHILIP LAKE, M.A., F.G.S. + Lecturer on Physical and Regional Geography in Cambridge + University. Formerly of the Geological Survey of India. Author of + _Monograph of British Cambrian Trilobites_. Translator and Editor + of Kayser's _Comparative Geology_. + + Carpathian Mountains (_in part_); + Caucasus: _Geology_. + + +P. Vn. + PERCIVAL SYLVANUS VIVIAN. + Author of _Poems of Marriage_. Editor of the _Poetical Works of + Thomas Campion_. + + Campion, Thomas. + + +P. A. M. + PERCY ALEXANDER MACMAHON, F.R.S., D.SC. + Late Major R.A. Deputy Warden of the Standards. Board of Trade. + Joint-General Secretary of the British Association. Formerly + Professor of Physics, Ordnance College, and President of London + Mathematical Society. + + Cayley. + + +R. + THE RT. HON. LORD RAYLEIGH. + See the biographical article: RAYLEIGH, 3rd Baron. + + Capillary Action (_in part_). + + +R. A.* + ROBERT ANCHEL. + Archivist to the Department de l'Eure. + + Cambon, Pierre Joseph; + Cathelineau. + + +R. Ad. + ROBERT ADAMSON. + See the biographical article: ADAMSON, R. + + Category (_in part_). + + +R. A. S. M. + ROBERT ALEXANDER STEWART MACALISTER, M.A., F.S.A. + Director of Excavations for the Palestine Exploration Fund. + + Capernaum; + Carmel. + + +R. G. + RICHARD GARNETT. + See the biographical article: GARNETT, RICHARD. + + Cardan. + + +R. I. P. + R. I. POCOCK, F.Z.S. + Superintendent of the Zoological Gardens, London. + + Centipede. + + +R. K. D. + SIR ROBERT KENNAWAY DOUGLAS. + Formerly Keeper of Oriental Printed Books and MSS. at the British + Museum, and Professor of Chinese, King's College, London. Author + of _The Language and Literature of China_; &c. + + Canton. + + +R. L.* + RICHARD LYDEKKER, F.R.S., F.G.S., F.Z.S. + Member of the Staff of the Geological Survey of India, 1874-1882. + Author of _Catalogues of Fossil Mammals, Reptiles and Birds in + British Museum_; _The Deer of all Lands_; _The Game Animals of + Africa_; &c. + + Camel; + Capuchin Monkey; + Carnivora; + Cat; + Cavy; + Cetacea; + Chamois. + + +R. L. H. + ROBERT LOCKHART HOBSON. + Assistant in the Department of British and Medieval Antiquities, + British Museum. Author of _Porcelain: Oriental, Continental and + British_; _Marks on Pottery and Porcelain_ (with W. Burton); and + _Catalogue and Guide of English Pottery and Porcelain in British + Museum_. + + Ceramics: _Medieval and Later Italian_; Persian, Syrian, Egyptian + and Turkish. + + +R. N. B. + ROBERT NISBET BAIN (d. 1909). + Assistant Librarian, British Museum, 1883-1909. Author of + _Scandinavia, the Political History of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, + 1313-1900_; _The First Romanovs, 1613-1725_; _Slavonic Europe, the + Political History of Poland and Russia from 1469 to 1796_; &c. + + Canute; + Canute VI; + Casimir III.; + Casimir IV.; + Catherine I.; + Charles I. (_Hungary_); + Charles IX., X., XI., XII. (_Sweden_); + Charles XIII., XIV., XV. (_Sweden and Norway_). + + +R. Po. + RENE POUPARDIN, D. es L. + Secretary of the Ecole des Chartes. Honorary Librarian at the + Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris. Author of _Le Royaume de Provence + sous les Carolingiens_; _Recueil des chartes de Saint-Germain_; + &c. + + Charles the Bold. + + +R. P. S. + R. PHENE SPIERS, F.S.A., F.R.I.B.A. + Master of the Architectural School and Surveyor, Royal Academy, + London. Past President of Architectural Association. Associate and + Fellow of King's College, London. Corresponding Member of the + Institute of France. Edited Fergusson's _History of Architecture_. + Author of _Architecture East and West_; &c. + + Campanile; + Capital: _Arch._; + Cathedral: _Arch._; + Ceiling. + + +R. S. C. + ROBERT SEYMOUR CONWAY, M.A., D.LITT. (Cantab.). + Professor of Latin in the University of Manchester. Formerly + Professor of Latin in University College, Cardiff; and Fellow of + Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. Author of _The Italic + Dialects_. + + Campania (_in part_). + + +R. W. + ROBERT WALLACE, F.R.S. (Edin.), F.L.S. + Professor of Agriculture and Rural Economy at Edinburgh + University, and Garton Lecturer on Colonial and Indian + Agriculture. Professor of Agriculture, R.A.C., Cirencester, + 1882-1885. Author of _Farm Live Stock of Great Britain_; _Indian + Agriculture_; _The Agriculture and Rural Economy of Australia and + New Zealand_; _Farming Industries of Cape Colony_; &c. + + Cattle (_in part_). + + +R. We. + RICHARD WEBSTER, A.M. + Editor of _Elegies of Maximianus_. + + Channing, William E. + + +ST C. + VISCOUNT ST CYRES. + See the biographical article: IDDESLEIGH, 1ST EARL OF. + + Casuistry. + + +S. D. + SAMUEL DAVIDSON, D.D. + See the biographical article: DAVIDSON, SAMUEL. + + Canon: _Scriptures_. + + +T. As. + THOMAS ASHBY, M.A., D.LITT., F.S.A. + Director of the British School of Archaeology at Rome. + Corresponding Member of the Imperial German Archaeological + Institute. Formerly Scholar of Christ Church, Oxford. Craven + Fellow, Oxford, 1897. Author of _The Classical Topography of the + Roman Campagna_; &c. + + Camerino; + Campania (_in part_); + Canosa; + Canusium; + Capena; + Capri; + Capua; + Carales; + Carsioli; + Casilinum; + Casinum; + Cassia, Via; + Catania; + Caudine Forks; + Cefalu; + Centuripe; + Cesena. + + +T. A. H. + CAPTAIN THOMAS A. HULL, R.N. + Formerly Superintendent of Admiralty Charts. + + Chart. + + +T. Ba. + SIR THOMAS BARCLAY, M.P. + Member of the Institute of International Law. Member of the + Supreme Council of the Congo Free State. Officer of the Legion of + Honour. Author of _Problems of International Practice and + Diplomacy_; &c. M.P. for Blackburn, 1910. + + Capture. + + +T. F. C. + THEODORE FREYLINGHUYSEN COLLIER, PH.D. + Assistant Professor of History, Williams College, Williamstown, + Mass., U.S.A. + + Carthage, Synods of; + Chalcedon, Council of. + + +T. K. C. + REV. THOMAS KELLY CHEYNE. D.LITT., D.D. + See the biographical article: CHEYNE, T.K. + + Canaan, Canaanites. + + +T. M. F. + THOMAS MACALL FALLOW, M.A., F.S.A. + Formerly editor of _The Antiquary_, 1895-1899. Author of + _Memorials of Old Yorkshire_; _The Cathedral Churches of Ireland_. + + Cathedral. + + +T. W. F. + THOMAS WILLIAM FOX. + Professor of Textiles in the University of Manchester. Author of + _Mechanics of Weaving_. + + Carding. + + +W. A. B. C. + REV. WILLIAM AUGUSTUS BREVOORT COOLIDGE, M.A., F.R.G.S. + Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. Professor of English History, + St David's College, Lampeter, 1880-1881. Author of _Guide to + Switzerland_; _The Alps in Nature and in History_; &c. Editor of + _The Alpine Journal_, 1880-1889. + + Cannes; + Chamonix; + Chartreuse, La Grande. + + +W. A. P. + WALTER ALISON PHILLIPS, M.A. + Formerly Exhibitioner of Merton College and Senior Scholar of St + John's College, Oxford. Author of _Modern Europe_; &c. + + Canon: _Church Dignitary_; + Capo d'Istria; + Carlsbad Decrees; + Chasuble. + + +W. B.* + WILLIAM BURTON, HON. M.A. (Vict.), F.C.S. + Chairman, Joint-Committee of Pottery Manufacturers of Great + Britain. Examiner for Board of Education in Pottery Design and for + Technological Examinations in Pottery Manufacture. Author of + _English Stoneware and Earthenware_; _Porcelain_; &c. + + Ceramics (_in part_). + + +W. B. D. + WILLIAM BOYD DAWKINS, F.R.S., D.SC. + See the biographical article: DAWKINS, WILLIAM BOYD. + + Cave. + + +W. B. Du. + WILLIAM BARTLETT DUFFIELD, M.A. + Barrister at Law, Inner Temple. Secretary to the Royal Commission + on Canals, 1906-1910. + + Chartered Companies. + + +W. F. C. + WILLIAM FEILDEN CRAIES, M.A. + Barrister-at-Law, Inner Temple. Lecturer on Criminal Law at King's + College, London. Editor of _Archbold's Criminal Pleading_ (23rd + edition). + + Capital punishment. + + +W. F. W. + WALTER FRANCIS WILLCOX, LL.B., PH.D. + Dean of, and Professor of Political Economy and Statistics at, + Cornell University. Formerly Chief Statistician and now Special + Agent of the U.S. Census Bureau. Author of _The Divorce Problem--a + Study in Statistics_; _Social Statistics of the United States_; + &c. + + Census: _U.S.A._ + + +W. Fr. + WILLIAM FREAM (d. 1907), LL.D., F.G.S., F.L.S., F.S.S. + Author of _Handbook of Agriculture_. Formerly Agricultural + Correspondent of _The Times_. + + Cattle (_in part_). + + +W. G.* + WALCOT GIBSON, D.SC., F.G.S. + Geologist on H.M. Geological Survey. Author of _The Gold-bearing + Rocks of the S. Transvaal_; _Mineral Wealth of Africa_; _The + Geology of Coal and Coal Mining_; &c. + + Cape Colony: _Geology._ + + +W. G. F. P. + SIR WALTER GEORGE FRANK PHILLIMORE, BART., D.C.L., LL.D. + Judge of the King's Bench Division. President of International Law + Association, 1905. Author of _Book of Church Law_. Editor of 2nd + ed. of _Phillimore's Ecclesiastical Law_; 3rd ed. of vol. iv. of + _Phillimore's International Law_; &c. + + Canon Law: _Anglican._ + + +W. G. M. + WALTER G. M'MILLAN, F.C.S., M.I.M.E. (d. 1904). + Formerly Secretary of the Institute of Electrical Engineers. + Lecturer on Metallurgy, Mason College, Birmingham. Author of _A + Treatise on Electro-Metallurgy_. + + Carborundum. + + +W. Ha. + REV. WILLIAM HANNA, LL.D., D.D. (1802-1882). + Minister of St John's Free Church, Edinburgh, 1850-1866. Author of + _Life of Dr Chalmers_; _Wycliffe and the Huguenots_; _Martyrs of + the Scottish Reformation_. + + Chalmers, Thomas (_in part_). + + +W. J. G. + WILLIAM JOHN GRUFFYDD, M.A. + Lecturer in Celtic, University College, Cardiff. Examiner in Welsh + to the Central Welsh Board for Intermediate Education. Author of + _Caneuon a Cherddi: An Anthology of Medieval Welsh Poetry_. + + Celt: _Literature, Welsh._ + + +W. L.* + WALTER LEHMANN, M.D. + Directorial Assistant of the Royal Ethnographical Museum, Munich. + Conducted Exploring Expedition in Mexico and Central America, + 1907-1909. Author of many publications on Mexican and Central + American Archaeology. + + Central America: _Archaeology._ + + +W. L. A. + REV. WILLIAM LINDSAY ALEXANDER, D.D., LL.D., F.R.S. (Edin.) + (1808-1884). + Classical Tutor, Lancashire Independent College. Pastor of + Independent Chapel, N. College Street, Edinburgh. One of the Old + Testament Revisers. Author of _A Moral Philosophy_. + + Calvin (_in part_). + + +W. L. G. + WILLIAM LAWSON GRANT, M.A. + Professor at Queen's University, Kingston, Canada. Formerly Beit + Lecturer in Colonial History at Oxford University. Editor of _Acts + of the Privy Council_, Colonial series; _Canadian Constitutional + Development_ (in collaboration). + + Canada: _Statistics_; + Cartier, Sir Georges Etienne. + + +W. M. R. + WILLIAM MICHAEL ROSSETTI. + See the biographical article: ROSSETTI, DANTE GABRIEL. + + Canova; + Caracci; + Cartoon; + Cellini, Benvenuto (_in part_); + Charlet. + + +W. Ri. + WILLIAM RIDGEWAY, M.A., D.SC., LL.D. (Aberdeen), D.LITT. + Fellow of the British Academy. Disney Professor of Archaeology at + Cambridge University. Professor of Greek, Queen's College, Cork, + 1883. Ex-President of Cambridge Philological, Antiquarian and + Classical Societies. Author of _The Oldest Irish Epic_; _Origin of + Metallic Currency and Weight Standards_; _The Early Age of + Greece_; &c. + + Celt. + + +W. R. B. + RT. REV. WILLIAM ROBERT BROWNLOW, M.A., D.D. (d. 1901). + Roman Catholic Bishop of Clifton. Provost and Domestic Prelate to + Pope Leo XIII. Co-editor of _English Roma Sotterranea_. Author of + _Early Christian Symbolism_; _Lectures on Sacerdotalism, on + Catacombs and other Archaeological Subjects_. Translator of _Cur + Deus Homo_ and _Vitis mystica_. + + Catacomb (_in part_). + + +W. R. S. + WILLIAM ROBERTSON SMITH + See the biographical article: SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON. + + Canticles (_in part_). + + +W. Wo. + WILLIAM WOOD, D.C.L., F.R.S. (Canada). + Lieut.-Col., Canadian Militia. Formerly President of the English + Section of the Royal Society of Canada and of the Historic + Landmarks Association. Author of _The Fight for Canada_; _The Logs + of the Conquest of Canada_, &c. + + Canada: _Literature, French-Canadian_. + + +W. W. R.* + WILLIAM WALKER ROCKWELL, LIC. THEOL. + Assistant Professor of Church History, Union Theological Seminary, + New York. + + Celestine III. and V. + + +W. Y. S. + WILLIAM YOUNG SELLAR. + See the biographical article: SELLAR, WILLIAM YOUNG. + + Catullus (_in part_). + + +FOOTNOTE: + + [1] A complete list, showing all individual contributors, appears in + the final volume. + + + + +PRINCIPAL UNSIGNED ARTICLES + + California. Carrier. + Cambodia. Cartagena. + Cambridge, Earls and Dukes of. Cassel. + Cambridge, England. Cassiodorus. + Cambridgeshire. Caste. + Campbell, Thomas. Catherine, Saint. + Canary Islands. Catherine II. + Canning, George. Catherine de' Medici + Canterbury. Catiline. + Cape Town. Cato. + Cape Verde Islands. Causation. + Capital (_Economics_). Cavaignac, Louis Eugene. + Capitulations. Cavan. + Carbolic Acid. Cavendish, Henry. + Carbon. Caxton, William. + Cardiganshire. Cedar. + Cards, Playing. Celebes. + Carducci, Giosue. Celsus. + Carinthia. Cemetery. + Carlisle, Earls of. Chambers, Robert. + Carlisle. Chancellor. + Carlos. Chancery. + Carlsbad. Channel Islands. + Carlstadt. Chantrey, Sir Francis. + Carmarthenshire. Charles V., VI., VII. of France. + Carnarvonshire. Charles, Archduke of Austria. + Carnegie, Andrew. Charles Albert, king of Sardinia. + Carnot. Charles Augustus. + Carol. Chartism. + Caroline Islands. Chateaubriand. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th +Edition, Volume 5, Appendix, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK ENCYC. 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