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diff --git a/31690.txt b/31690.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..53a325d --- /dev/null +++ b/31690.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3859 @@ +Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 239, May 27, 1854, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 239, May 27, 1854 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc + +Author: Various + +Other: George Bell + +Release Date: March 18, 2010 [EBook #31690] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, MAY 27, 1854 *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + +Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they +are listed at the end of the text. + + * * * * * + + +{485} + +NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 239.] +SATURDAY, MAY 27. 1854. +[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + Reprints of Early Bibles, by the Rev. R. Hooper, M.A. 487 + Marriage Licence of John Gower, the Poet, by W. H. Gunner 487 + Aska or Asca 488 + Legends of the County Clare, by Francis Robert Davies 490 + Archaic Words 491 + + MINOR NOTES:--Inscriptions on Buildings--Epitaphs--Numbers-- + Celtic Language--Illustration of Longfellow: "God's Acre" 492 + + QUERIES:-- + John Locke 493 + + MINOR QUERIES:--"The Village Lawyer"--Richard Plantagenet, + Earl of Cambridge--Highland Regiment--Ominous Storms--Edward + Fitzgerald--Boyle Family--Inn Signs--Demoniacal Descent of + the Plantagenets--Anglo-Saxon Graves--Robert Brown the + Separatist--Commissions issued by Charles I. at Oxford 493 + + MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Hogmanay--Longfellow's + "Hyperion"--Sir Hugh Myddelton--Sangarede--Salubrity of + Hallsal, near Ormskirk, Lancashire--Athens--James Miller 495 + + REPLIES:-- + Brydone, by Lord Monson 496 + Coleridge's Unpublished MSS., by C. Mansfield Ingleby 496 + Mr. Justice Talfourd and Dr. Beattie 497 + Russian "Te Deum," by T. J. Buckton, &c. 498 + Artesian Wells, by Henry Stephens, &c. 499 + Dog-whippers 499 + Cephas, a Binder, and not a Rock, by T. J. Buckton, &c. 500 + Whittington's Stone 501 + + PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Photographic Experience-- + Conversion of Calotype Negatives into Positives--Albumenized + Paper 501 + + REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Table-turning--Female Dress-- + Office of Sexton held by one Family--Lyra's Commentary-- + Blackguard--"Atonement"--Bible of 1527--Shrove Tuesday-- + Milton's Correspondence--"Verbatim et literatim"--Epigrams 502 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Notes on Books, &c. 504 + Books and Odd Volumes Wanted 505 + Notices to Correspondents 505 + + * * * * * + + +On June 1, in One Large Volume, super-royal 8vo., price 2l. 12s. 6d. cloth +lettered. + +CYCLOPAEDIA BIBLIOGRAPHICA: A Library Manual of Theological and General +Literature, and Guide to Books for Authors, Preachers, Students and +Literary Men, Analytical, Bibliographical, and Biographical. By JAMES +DARLING. + +A PROSPECTUS, with Specimens and Critical Notices, sent Free on Receipt of +a Postage Stamp. + +London: JAMES DARLING, 81. Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields. + + * * * * * + + +TO LITERARY MEN, PUBLISHERS, AND OTHERS. + +MESSRS. HOPPER & CO., Record Agents, &c., beg to acquaint the Literary +World, that they undertake Searches among, and Transcripts from, the Public +Records, or other Ancient MSS., Translations from the Norman-French, Latin, +and other Documents, &c. + +*** MSS. bought, sold, or valued. + +4. SOUTHAMPTON STREET, CAMDEN TOWN. + + * * * * * + + +THE ORIGINAL QUADRILLES, composed for the PIANO FORTE by MRS. AMBROSE +MERTON. + +London: Published for the Proprietor, and may be had of C. LONSDALE, 26. +Old Bond Street; and by Order of all Music Sellers. + +PRICE THREE SHILLINGS. + + * * * * * + + +Now ready, No. VII. (for May), price 2s. 6d., published Quarterly. + +RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW (New Series); consisting of Criticisms upon, Analyses +of, and Extracts from, Curious, Useful, Valuable, and Scarce Old Books. + +Vol I., 8vo., pp. 436, cloth 10s. 6d., is also ready. + +JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square, London. + + * * * * * + + +This Day, with Woodcuts, fcp. 8vo., 5s. + +THE OLD PRINTER AND THE MODERN PRESS, in relation to the important subject +of CHEAP POPULAR LITERATURE. By CHARLES KNIGHT. + +Also, by the same Author, 2 vols. fcp. 8vo., 10s. + +ONCE UPON A TIME. + + "The old bees die, the young possess the hive."--_Shakspeare._ + + "They relate to all manner of topics--old folks, old manners, old + books; and take them all in all, they make up as charming a pair of + volumes as we have seen for many a long day."--_Fraser's Magazine._ + + "'Once upon a Time' is worth possessing."--_Examiner._ + + "This varied, pleasant, and informing collection of + Essays."--_Spectator._ + + "Mr. Charles Knight's entertaining little work is full of various + knowledge agreeably told."--_Quarterly Review._ + + "This pleasant gallery of popular antiquarianism."--_John Bull._ + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +NEW WORK BY SIR DAVID BREWSTER. + +This Day, fcp. 8vo., 6s. + +MORE WORLDS THAN ONE; the CREED of the PHILOSOPHER and the HOPE of the +CHRISTIAN. by SIR DAVID BREWSTER. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +NEW WORK BY DEAN MILMAN. + +Now ready, Vols. I. to III., 8vo., 36s. + +HISTORY OF LATIN CHRISTIANITY, including that of THE POPES to the +PONTIFICATE of NICHOLAS V. By HENRY HART MILMAN, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +ART AND ARTISTS IN ENGLAND. + +Now ready, 3 vols. 8vo., 36s. + +THE TREASURES OF ART IN GREAT BRITAIN. Being an Account of the Chief +Collections of Paintings, Sculptures, MSS., &c., in this Country. By DR. +WAAGEN, Director of the Royal Gallery of Pictures at Berlin. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +MURRAY'S RAILWAY READING. + +Now ready, 2 vols. fcap. 8vo., 8s. + +ESSAYS FROM "THE TIMES:" Being a Selection from the Literary Papers which +have appeared in that Journal, reprinted by permission. + + CONTENTS: + Vol. I. + Nelson and Lady Hamilton. + Railway Novels. + Louis-Philippe and his Family. + John Howard. + Drama of the French Revolution. + Lord Holland's Reminiscences. + Robert Southey. + Dean Swift--Stella and Vanessa. + Reminiscences of Coleridge. + John Keats. + Grote's History of Greece. + Literature of the Rail. + + Vol. II. + Lord Coke. + Discoveries at Nineveh. + Lord Mansfield. + Lion Hunting in Africa. + Jeremy Taylor. + Lord Clarendon and his Friends. + John Sterling. + Autobiography of a Chartist. + Americans in England. + Francis Chantrey. + Career of Lord Langdale. + Afghanistan. + The Greek Revolution. + Dickens and Thackeray. + +*** Each Volume may be had separately. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +{486} + +JUST PUBLISHED, + +Price 11s. to Non-Members. + +The TWENTY-SEVENTH VOLUME of the SURTEES SOCIETY PUBLICATIONS, being THE +PONTIFICAL OF EGBERT, ARCHBISHOP OF YORK, A.D. 732-766. 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New Bond Street, +London; and WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh; from whom they may be +procured through any Bookseller in Town or Country. + + * * * * * + + +London Homoeopathic Hospital. + + * * * * * + +ARRANGEMENT + +FOR + +_THE CONVERSAZIONE_, + +at the + +HANOVER SQUARE ROOMS, + +On TUESDAY, May 30, 1854. + +The Rooms will be open at Eight o'clock. + +A SELECTION OF MUSIC + +(By the Band of the Royal Regiment of Horse Guards) + +WILL BE PERFORMED DURING THE EVENING. + + * * * * * + +In the Rooms will be Exhibited Specimens of-- + +Electroplate, by Messrs. F. Elkington. + +China and Statuettes, by Mr. Alderman Copeland. + +Bronzes, by Messrs. Jackson & Graham. + +Fine Arts in Electroplating, Metallurgy, &c., by Mr. Charles Elkington & +Co. + +Etruscan Vases, by Messrs. Battam & Co. + +Papier Mache, by Messrs. Jennens & Bettridge. + +Stamped Leather, by Mr. Leake. + +Lace, by M. Brie. + +Wax Models, by M. Montanari. + +Artificial Flowers, by Mr. Hill. + +Leather Carving, by Mr. Sandars. + +Cromo-Lithography, by Messrs. Hahnhart & Son. + +Porcelain and Parian, by Messrs. Alcock. + +Scientific Models, by Messrs. Watkins & Hill. + +And many other Objects of Novelty and Interest. + + * * * * * + +FINE ARTS. + +PAINTINGS.--By Messrs. Knight, R.A., Uwins, R.A., Cope, R.A., the late W. +Etty, R.A. and DRAWINGS by John Hayter, Hunt, D. Cox, John Lewis, Bright, +Frederick Tayler, Collingwood Smith, Richardson, Mueller, Vacher, +D'Egville, Callam, Rowbotham, &c., Essex (Enamels), Faed (Engravings), +etc., etc. + +SCULPTURE.--By Messrs. Behnes, Calder Marshall, Matthew Noble, &c., &c. + +MICROSCOPES.--By Messrs. Smith & Beck, Pillischer, Topping, Varly, Salmon, +Ladd, and by Members of the Microscopic Society. + +STEREOSCOPES, DAGUERROTYPES, AND PHOTOGRAPHS.--By Messrs. Beard, Bland, and +Long, Claudet, Dickenson, Duppa, Horne, Thornthwaite & Co., Kilburn, Ladd, +Laroche, Mayall, Pillischer, Royal Panopticon of Art, and a variety of +Photographic Drawings by eminent Amateurs. + +Tickets may be had at the Hospital, 32. Golden Square; of Messrs. Aylott & +Jones, Paternoster Row; Mr. Bailliere, 219. Regent Street; Mr. Headland, +15. Princes Street, Hanover Square; Mr. Leath, Vere Street, Cavendish +Square, and St. Paul's Churchyard; Mr. Walker, Conduit Street; Mr. James +Epps, Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury Square, and Broad Street, City; Mr. +Turner, Piccadilly, Manchester; Mr. Thompson, Liverpool; and at all the +Homoeopathic Chemists and Booksellers. + +Single Tickets, 7s. 6d.; Family Tickets to admit Four, 1l. 4s. + + * * * * * + + +{487} + +_LONDON, SATURDAY, MAY 27, 1854._ + +Notes. + +REPRINTS OF EARLY BIBLES. + +In 1833 the authorities of the Clarendon Press put forth a quarto reprint, +word for word, page for page, and letter for letter, of the _first_ large +black-letter folio edition of 1611, of the present authorised or Royal +version of the Bible. So accurate was it, that even manifest errors of the +press were retained. It was published that the reader might judge whether +the original standard could still be exactly followed. It was accompanied +by a collation with a _smaller_ black-letter folio of 1613, in preference +to the larger folio of that year, as no two copies (entire) of the latter +could be found, all the sheets of which corresponded precisely: + + "Many of these copies contain sheets belonging, as may clearly be + proved, to editions of more recent date; and even those which appear to + be still as they were originally published, are made up partly from the + edition printed at the time, and partly from the remains of earlier + impressions." + +Now this is a most interesting subject to all lovers of our dear old +English Bible. It is supposed the translators revised their work for the +1613 edition (after two years); yet the collation with the _small_ folio of +that year, shows little or no improvement, rather the contrary. I possess a +small quarto edition of 1613 (black-letter, by Barker), not mentioned by +our more eminent bibliographers, which, while admitting the better +corrections, adheres to the old 1611 folio, where the _small_ folio of 1613 +unnecessarily deviates. It is certainly, I consider, a most valuable +impression. I have lately purchased a magnificent copy of the _great_ folio +of 1613. It is in the original thick oak binding, with huge brass clasps, +corners, and bosses; and appears to have been chained to a reading-desk. In +collating it, I find a sheet or two in 1 Samuel and St. Matthew most +carefully supplied from an earlier impression. The titles both to the Old +and New Testaments are exactly the same as those of the folio 1611, with +the exception of the date 1613 for 1611. It has been gloriously used, and +the imagination revels in the thought of the eyes and hearts that must have +been blessed by its perusal. I am not sufficiently conversant with our +earlier translations to identify, without reference, the sheets of the +inserted edition, and I have not time to refer. I may only say that there +is a most quaint woodcut of little David slinging a stone at the giant +Goliath. A slight collation of Genesis shows me this large edition agrees +in corrections with the small one the Clarendon Press authorities used, +though my quarto 1613 differs, adhering, as I said before, more closely to +the original standard of 1611. I would put a Query or two to your many +readers. + +1. Was the great folio 1613 ever published entire, or are the sheets I have +indicated supplied in every known copy, some from earlier, some from later, +impressions? 2. Is it an established fact, that the translators revised +their work in 1613? 3. What is the small quarto of 1613 I have mentioned? + +Lastly, would it not be an interesting enterprise to reprint our various +translations of the holy volume in a cheap and uniform series, like the +Parker Society published the Liturgy? A society might be formed by +subscription to support such an object. We might have Coverdale's, +Matthews', Cranmer's, Taverner's, the Geneva (1560), the Bishops' +(Parker's, 1568), and the noble authorised (Royal 1611), with their +variations noted. I cannot see any harm would arise; and surely it might +give an impulse to that noblest of all studies, the study of God's Word. +What grander volume for simplicity and elegance of language, for true +Anglo-Saxon idiom, than our present venerated translation? What book that +could interest more than Cranmer's Great Bible of 1539, from whence our +familiar Prayer-Book version of the Psalms is taken? It would give me +heartfelt pleasure to contribute my humble efforts in such a cause. + +RICHARD HOOPER, M.A. + +St. Stephen's, Westminster. + + * * * * * + +MARRIAGE LICENCE OF JOHN GOWER THE POET. + +The following special licence of marriage extracted from the Register of +William of Wykeham, preserved in the registry at Winchester, is a curious +document in itself; but if, as there is much reason for supposing, the +person on whose behalf it was granted was no less a man than the +illustrious poet--the "moral Gower"--the interest attached to it is very +much enhanced: and for this reason I am desirous of giving it publicity +through the columns of "N. & Q."--a fit place for recording such pieces of +information, relating to the lives of men eminent in the annals of +literature. I have not been able to find any notice of the marriage of John +Gower in the books to which I have been able to refer; and, though it may +be perhaps an event of little importance, it is one which a faithful +biographer would never omit to mention. The document is as follows: + + "Willelmus permissione divina Wyntoniensis Episcopus, dilecto in + Christo filio, domino Willelmo, capellano parochiali ecclesiae S. + Mariae Magdalenae in Suthwerk, nostrae diocesis, salutem, gratiam, et + benedictionem. Ut matrimonium inter Joannem Gower et Agnetem Groundolf + dictae ecclesiae parochianos sine ulteriore bannorum editione, dumtamen + aliud canonicum non obsistat, extra ecclesiam parochialem, in {488} + Oratorio ipsius Joannis Gower infra hospicium cum in prioratu B. Mariae + de Overee in Suthwerk praedicta situatum, solempnizare valeas licenciam + tibi tenore praesentium, quatenus ad nos attinet, concedimus specialem. + In cujus rei testimonium sigillum nostrum fecimus his apponi. Dat. in + manerio nostro de alta clera vicesimo quinto die mensis Januarii, A.D. + 1397, et nostrae consecrationis 31mo." + +The connexion of the poet Gower with the priory of St. Mary Overy is well +known; as well as his munificence in contributing very largely to the +reconstruction of the church of the priory, in which he also founded a +chantry, and where his tomb still exists. It would appear from this +document, that he actually resided within the priory. + +This marriage must have taken place late in his life. The year of his birth +is unknown. He is said to have been somewhat older than Chaucer, the date +of whose birth is also uncertain; there being some grounds for assigning it +to 1328, others, perhaps more satisfactory, for fixing it 1345. If the +latter be correct, and if we allow for the disparity of age, we may suppose +Gower to have been somewhere between fifty-five and sixty years of age at +the time of his marriage with Agnes Groundolf. + +W. H. GUNNER. + +Winchester. + + [A reference to the will of Gower, which is printed in Todd's + _Illustrations of Gower and Chaucer_, p. 87. et seq., confirms the + accuracy of our correspondent's inference, that this is the marriage + licence of the poet, inasmuch as it shows that the Christian name of + Gower's wife was Agnes.--ED. "N. & Q."] + + * * * * * + +ASKA OR ASCA. + +Throughout North America this dissyllable is found terminating names in +localities, occupied at the present day by Indian tribes speaking very +different languages; and, in these languages, with the exception of such +names, few analogous sounds exist. There are, besides, names terminating in +_esco_, _isco_, _isca_, _escaw_, _uscaw_, which, perhaps, may be placed in +the same category, being only accidental variations of _aska_, arising from +a difference of ear in those who first heard them pronounced by a native +tongue. + +Are these names vernacular in any of the modern Indian languages? and, if +so, what is their real meaning? I propound these questions for solution by +any of the gentlemen at Fort Chepewyan, Norway House, &c. (since, no doubt, +"N. & Q." penetrates the Far West as well as the Far East), who may feel an +interest in the subject. + +Apparently, they have been imposed by a people who occupied the whole +continent from sea to sea, as they occur from Hudson's Bay to Yucatan, and +from the Pacific to the Atlantic. + +Were the American nations originally of one tongue? Humboldt, Du Ponceau, +and others have remarked that striking analogies of grammatical +construction exist in all American languages, from the Eskimo to the +Fuegian, although differing entirely in their roots. Dr. Prichard says,-- + + "There are peculiarities in the very nature of the American languages + which are likely to produce great variety in words, and to obliterate + in a comparatively short period the traces of resemblance."--_Phys. + Hist._ &c., vol. v. p. 317. + +It may be only a curious coincidence, but it is undoubtedly true, that, +with scarcely one exception, all names (we might almost say _words_) so +terminating are more or less connected with water. The exception (if it +really be one) is _Masca_, which I have found among my old notes, followed +by the word _Montagne_; but nothing more, and I have forgotten all about +it. + +For the rest, the varieties in isca, &c., spoken of before, are chiefly to +be found in the northern countries, towards Hudson's and James' Bay, &c., +where the present spoken languages are the Eskimo or Karalit, the Cree, and +the Montagnard dialect of the Algonkin, viz. Agomisca, island in James' +Bay; Meminisca, lake on Albany River; Nemiskau, a lake; Pasquamisco, on +James' Bay; then, Keenwapiscaw, lake; Naosquiscaw, ditto; Nepiscaw, ditto; +Camipescaw, ditto; Caniapuscaw, ditto and river: the last five lie between +the head waters of the Saguenay and the bottom of James' Bay. + +Again, beginning at the extreme west, we find Oonalaska, or Agoun Aliaska, +or (according to the natives) Nagoun Alaska, an island abounding in fine +springs and rivulets. Nor should I omit another of the Aleutian islands, +called Kiska. + +Alaska, or Aliaska, a peninsula. The language in these instances is a +branch of the Eskimo. + +Athabaska (Atapescow of Malte-Brun), lake and river. McKenzie says that the +word means, in the Knistenaux language, a flat, low, swampy country, liable +to inundations (edit. 4to., p. 122.). Here I repeat the question, is the +word vernacular, or only adopted? In such vocabularies as I have seen, +there is nothing bearing the slightest relationship to it. In one given by +Dr. Latham (_Varieties of Man_, &c., pp. 208-9.), water, in the Chepewyan, +is _tone_, and river, _tesse_. + +Itaska, the small lake whence the Mississippi has its origin. The languages +prevalent in the adjacent country would be the Sioux, and the Chippeway +branch of the Algonquino. + +Wapiscow, river. Language, Cree? + +Nebraska, "The Shallow River," said to be the name of the Platte in the +Sioux language. + +Mochasko, "Always full;" another river so called in the Sioux. Query, Are +these two vernacular? Watapan is river in that language. {489} + +Oanoska is a Sioux word, meaning "The Great Avenue or Stretch;" but whether +it applies to a river I have forgotten. The quotation is from Long's +_Expedit. to St. Peter's River_, vol. i. p 339., to which I have not access +just now. Atamaska and Madagaska are two names of which I can give no +account, for the same reason as stated above at Maska. + +Arthabaska is (or was) a very swampy township so named, lying south of the +St Lawrence. + +Maskinonge (also the name of a fish) in which the sound occurs, although +not as a termination, is a seigneurie on the north bank of the St Lawrence, +of which the part near the river is so low that it is inundated frequently. +A river of the same name runs through this seigneurie. Both the foregoing +are in the country where the Iroquois language prevailed. + +Zoraska, or Zawraska, name of a river somewhere between Quebec and James' +Bay, of which I know nothing more, having only heard it spoken of by +moose-hunters. Probably it is in a country where the language would be the +Montagnard. + +Yamaska, a river on the south side of the St. Lawrence, having much marshy +ground about it, particularly near its junction with the Grand River. + +Kamouraska, or Camouraska, islands in the St. Lawrence below Quebec, taking +their name from a seigneurie on the mainland; a level plain surrounded by +hills, and dotted all over with mounds. Bouchette says,-- + + "D'apres la position, l'apparence, et l'exacte ressemblance de ces + especes d'iles en terre-firme avec celles de Camouraska, entre + lesquelles et le rivage le lit de la riviere est presqu'a sec a la + maree basse, le naturaliste sera fortement porte a croire que ce qui + forme a present le continent etait, a une epoque quelconque, submerge + par les vagues immenses du St Laurent, et que les elevations en + question formaient des iles, ou des rochers exposes a l'action de + l'eau," &c.--_Description de Bas-Canada, &c._, p. 551. + +There can be no doubt, if _aska_ relate to water, that this district is +appropriately named. + +We may presume the language prevalent here to have been the Algonquin, +since the inhabitants, when first visited by Europeans, were either the +Micmac or Abenaqui, both tribes of that great family. + +Still further eastward, flowing from Lake Temisconata into the River St. +John, we find the Madawaska, in a country where the language was either the +Abenaqui, or a dialect of the Huron, said to be spoken by the Melicite +Indians of the St. John. Aska does not occur again in this part of North +America, as far as I call ascertain; but on looking southward it does so, +and under similar circumstances, viz. associated with water. + +Tabasca, or Tobasco (for it is written both ways), a country on the borders +of Yucatan, described by the conquerors as difficult to march through, on +account of numerous pools of water and extensive swamps. Clavigero says the +present name was given by the Spaniards; but I know of no Spanish word at +all resembling it, therefore presume they must have adopted the native +appellation. The language was, and perhaps is, the Maya. + +Tarasca; name of a people inhabiting the country of Mechouacan, celebrated +for its numerous fountains of fine water. Language appears to have been +Mexican. (See Clavigero, vol. i. p. 10., edit. 4to., Cullen's _Trans._; and +Dr. Prichard's _Phys. Hist._, &c., vol. v. p. 340.) + +The mention of Tarasca reminds one of Tarascon, also written Tarasca. Two +instances occur in the country of Celtic Gaul; both on rivers: the one on +the Rhone, the other on the Arriege. + +Having for the present finished with America, one is naturally led to +inquire whether _asca_ occurs in other parts of the world, in like manner +associated with water. Before doing so, however, I would observe that +Thompson, in his _Essay on Etymologies_, &c., p. 10., remarks that "The +Gothic termination _sk_, the origin of our _ish_, the Saxon _isk_, +signifying _assimilated_, _identified_, is used in all dialects, to the +very shores of China," &c. He instances "Tobolsk" and "Uvalsk." If, then, +it be true that _[=a]_ and _[=a]b_ are primitive sounds denoting water in +many languages, may we not here have a combination of _[=a]_ and _sk_? + +But to proceed. Malte Brun mentions a city in Arabia called "Asca," one of +the places sacked by the expedition under Elius Gallus (_Precis de la +Geographie_, &c., vol. i. p. 179.). Generally speaking, Arabia is not +abounding in waters; but that very circumstance renders celebrated, more or +less, every locality where they do abound and are pure. The city, +therefore, might have been notable for its walls and fountains of pure +water. + +Aska is the name of a river in Japan, remarkable for its great depth, and +for frequently changing its course (Golownin, vol. iii. p. 149.). + +In north-eastern Asia we find a river called after the Tongouse, +_Tongousca_. Query, Tungouse-asca? and, following up Thompson's examples +before mentioned, we may name Yakutsk, Irkutsk, Ochotsk, Kamtchatka, &c., +all intimately connected with water. Then there is Kandalask, a gulf of the +White Sea; Tchesk, another; Kaniska-Zemblia, an island, &c. In Spain, +Huesca is on the river Barbato. The two Gradiskas in Hungary, &c. are the +one on the Save, the other on the Lisonzo. + +Zaleski (Pereslav) is seated on a lake; but Malte-Brun says the name means +"au-dela des bois." This may or may not be the case. The sound is here, and +in connexion with water. Pultusk is nearly surrounded by water, the Narew. +Askersan, in Sweden, stands on a lake. Gascon, {490} says Rafinesque, means +"beyond the sea" (_American Nations_, &c., No. 2. p. 41.). + +Madagascar. Curious the similarity between this name of an island and the +American names Madagaska and Madawaska. By the way, I forgot to notice of +this last, that Captain Levinge, in his _Echoes from the Back Woods_, &c., +vol. i. p. 150., derives it from Madawas (Micmac), a "porcupine;" whilst +_The Angler in Canada_ (Lanman), p. 229., says that it means "never +frozen," because part of the river never freezes. Which is right? + +Tcherkask. Every one knows that the capital of the Don Cossacks is +eminently a water city. According to Pallas, the Circassians (Tcherkesses) +once were located in the Crimea. They may have extended their influence to +the Don, and the name in question may be a synthetic form of +Tcherkesse-aska. + +Damasca (Latinised Damascus) is famed all over the East for its waters. The +name of the ancient city was Damas, "Le Demechk, ou Chamel-Dimichk, des +Orientaux" (Malte-Brun, viii. 215.). + +The modern city is said to be called Damas, or I Domeschk, though it seems +more generally known as El Sham. Bryant says it was called by the natives +_Damasec_ and _Damakir_, the latter meaning the city (Caer?) of Dams, or of +Adama (_Mythology_, &c., vol. i. p. 69.). Can it have once been Adama, or +Dama-asca? + +In Great Britain we have rivers and lakes called severally Esk, Exe or +Isca, Axe, and Usk. + +Axe seems to have been written _Asca_ at one time; for Lambarde gives +Ascanmynster as the Saxon name of Axminster. Hence, also, we may infer that +Axholme Island was once Ascanholme. The Exe was probably Esk, _i.e._ water, +or river: it certainly was Uske. Iska is the British Isk Latinised by +Ptolemy; for Camden says Exeter was called by the Welsh _Caerisk_, &c. Usk +or Uske was written _Osca_ by Gyraldo Camb. (See Lambarde.) + +Kyleska, or Glendha, ferry in Sutherlandshire. Kyle-aska? Kyles (Ir.), a +frith or strait. + +Ask occurs frequently as the first syllable of names in England, and such +places will be almost invariably found connected with water. Camden +mentions a family of distinguished men in Richmondshire named Aske, from +whom perhaps some places derive their names, as _p. ex._ the Askhams, +Askemoore, &c. Askrigg, however, being in the neighbourhood of some +remarkable waterfalls (Camden), may have reference to them. + +Now, from places let us turn to things, first noticing that _usk_, in +modern Welsh, means river. In Irish, _uisce_ or _uiske_ is water. In Hebrew +and Chaldee, _hisca_ is to wash or to drink. (See Introduction to +Valancey's _Irish Dictionary_.) In the same we find _ascu_ (ancient Irish), +a water-serpent or dog; _iasc_, fish; _easc_ (Irish), water, same as _esk_. +Chalmers, in "Caledonia," &c., has easc or esc (Gael.), water; _easc lan_ +(Gael.), the full water. + +Askalabos (Greek), a newt or water reptile; and asker, askard, askel, ask, +and esk, in provincial English, a water-newt. (See _Archaic Dictionary_.) + +Masca, the female sea-otter; so called by the Russians. + +Askalopas (Greek), a woodcock or snipe, _i.e._ a swamp-bird. + +As I said before, there are few words in any of the Indian languages of +North America in which the sound _ask_ occurs; at least as far as my +limited acquaintance with them goes. The only two I can quote just now are +both in the Chippeway. One only has direct reference to water; perhaps the +other may indirectly. They are, _woyzask_, rushes, water-plants; _mejask_, +herb, or grass. The only grass the forest Indians are likely to be +acquainted with is that growing in the natural meadows along the river +banks, which are occasionally met with, and these in general are pretty +swampy. + +We may wind up with our _cask_ and _flask_. I could have added much more, +but fear already to have exceeded what might hope for admittance in your +pages; therefore I will only say that, in offering these remarks, I insist +on nothing, and stand ready to submit to any correction. + +A. C. M. + +Exeter. + + * * * * * + +LEGENDS OF THE COUNTY CLARE. + +About two miles from the village of Corofin, in the west of Clare, are the +ruins of the Castle of Ballyportree, consisting of a massive square tower +surrounded by a wall, at the corners of which are smaller round towers: the +outer wall was also surrounded by a ditch. The castle is still so far +perfect that the lower part is inhabited by a farmer's family; and in some +of the upper rooms are still remaining massive chimney-pieces of grey +limestone, of a very modern form, the horizontal portions of which are +ornamented with a quatrefoil ornament engraved within a circle, but there +are no dates or armorial bearings: from the windows of the castle four +others are visible, none of them more than two miles from each other; and a +very large cromlech is within a few yards of the castle ditch. The +following legend is related of the castle:--When the Danes were building +the castle (the Danes were the great builders, as Oliver Cromwell was the +great destroyer of all the old castles, abbeys, &c. in Ireland),--when the +Danes were building the Castle of Ballyportree, they collected workmen from +all quarters, and forced them to labour night and day without stopping for +rest or food; and according as any of them fell down from exhaustion, his +body was thrown upon the wall, which was built up over him! When {491} the +castle was finished, its inhabitants tyrannised over the whole country, +until the time arrived when the Danes were finally expelled from Ireland. +Ballyportree Castle held out to the last, but at length it was taken after +a fierce resistance, only three of the garrison being found alive, who +proved to be a father and his two sons; the infuriated conquerors were +about to kill them also, when one of then proposed that their lives should +be spared, and a free passage to their own country given them, on condition +that they taught the Irishmen how to brew the famous ale from the +heather--that secret so eagerly coveted by the Irish, and so zealously +guarded by the Danes. At first neither promises nor threats had any effect +on the prisoners, but at length the elder warrior consented to tell the +secret on condition that his two sons should first be put to death before +his eyes, alleging his fear, that when he returned to his own country, they +might cause him to be put to death for betraying the secret. Though +somewhat surprised at his request, the Irish chieftains immediately +complied with it, and the young men were slain. Then the old warrior +exclaimed, "Fools! I saw that your threats and your promises were beginning +to influence my sons; for they were but boys, and might have yielded: but +now the secret is safe, your threats or your promises have no effect on +me!" Enraged at their disappointment, the Irish soldiers hewed the stern +northman in pieces, and the coveted secret is still unrevealed. + +In the South of Scotland a legend, almost word for word the same as the +above, is told of an old castle there, with the exception that, instead of +Danes, the old warrior and his sons are called Pechts. After the slaughter +of his sons the old man's eyes are put out, and he is left to drag on a +miserable existence: he lives to an immense old age, and one day, when all +the generation that fought with him have passed away, he hears the young +men celebrating the feats of strength performed by one of their number; the +old Pecht asks for the victor, and requests him to let him feel his wrist; +the young man feigns compliance with his request, but places an iron +crow-bar in the old man's hand instead of his wrist; the old Pecht snaps +the bar of iron in two with his fingers, remarking quietly to the astounded +spectators, that "it is a gey bit gristle, and has not much pith in it +yet." The story is told in the second volume of Chambers's _Edinburgh +Journal_, first series, I think; but I have not the volume at hand to refer +to. The similarity between the two legends is curious and interesting. + +FRANCIS ROBERT DAVIES. + + * * * * * + +ARCHAIC WORDS. + +(Vol. vii., p. 400., &c.) + +The following list of words, which do not appear in Mr. Halliwell's +_Dictionary of Archaic Words_, may form some contribution, however small, +to the enlargement of that and of some of our more comprehensive English +dictionaries. It falls in with the desire already expressed in "N. & Q.;" +and, if the present paper seem worth inserting, may be followed by another. +In some few cases, though the word does appear in Mr. Halliwell's columns, +an authority is deficient; instances having as it were turned up, and in +rather uncommon sources, which seemed occasionally worth supplying. It must +be observed that the explanations given are, in some instances, mere +conjectures, and await more certain and accurate interpretation. + + _Aege_, age. _The Festyvall_, fol. cxii. recto, edit. 1528. + + _Advyse_, to view attentively. Strype's _Memorials_, under MARY, ch. + xxviii. p. 234., folio, or vol. iv. p. 384. edit. 1816. + + _Apause_, to check. Foxe, _Acts and Monuments_, vii. 647.; and + Merchant's _Second Tale_, 2093. + + _Assemble_, to resemble. Bale's _Image of both Churches_, Part II. p. + 378., edit. 1849. + + _Beclepe_, to embrace. _The Festyvall_, fol. xxxvi. recto, edit. 1528: + "The ymage--becleped the knyght about the necke, and kyssed hym." + + _Bluck_, ...(?) "So the true men shall be hunted and blucked."--_The + Festyvall_, fol. xxvi. recto. + + _Boystously_, roughly. "Salome--boystously handled our Lady."--_The + Festyvall_, fol. lxvii. verso. + + _Brince_, to introduce, hand out, _propino_. "Luther first brinced to + Germany the poisoned cup of his heresies."--Harding in Bishop Jewel's + _Works_, vol. iv. p. 335., edit. Oxford, 1848. + + _Bussing._ "Without the blind bussings of a Papist, may no sin be + solved."--Bishop Bale's _Image of both Churches on the Revelation_, ch. + xiii. p. 431., edit. Cambridge, 1849. + + _Croked._ A curious application of this word occurs in _The Festyvall_, + fol. cxxviii. recto: "A croked countenance." + + _Daying_, arbitration. Jewel's _Works_, i. 387. See Dr. Jelf's note, + _in loc._ + + _Dedeful_, operative? "This vertue is dedefull to all Chrysten + People."--_The Festyvall_, fol. clxxii. recto. + + _Do_, to do forth; meaning, to proceed with, to go on with, occurs in + _The Festyvall_. fol. viii. verso. + + _Domageable_, injurious. _The Festyvall_, fol. cxi. recto: "How + domageable it is to them which use for to saye in theyr bargens and + marchaundyses, makynge to the prejudyce--of their soules." + + _Dyssclaunderer_, a calumniator. "To stone hym (Stephen) to deth as for + a dyssclaunderer."--_The Festyvall_, fol. lxx. verso. + + _Enclense_, to make clean. _The Festyvall_, fol. lxxxviii. recto. + + _Enforcement_, effort? Erasmus' _Enchiridion_, 1533, Rule IV. ch. xii. + + {492} _Engrease_, to overfeed. "Riches, wherewithal they are fatted and + engreased like swine."--Foxe's _Acts and Monuments_, v. 615. edit. + 1843. + + _Ensignement_, ... (?) _The Festyvall_, fol. cliv. recto: "And whan all + the people come so togyder at this ensignement." + + _Entrecounter_, to oppose. Brook's _Sermon_, 1553, quoted in Foxe's + _Acts and Monuments_, vol. viii. p. 782. + + _Fele._ An application of this word may be quoted, partaking of a + Grecism, unless we mistake: "And whan the people _felte_ the smell + therof."--_The Festyvall_, fol. c. recto. + + _Flytterynge_: "lyghtnynge, and not flytterynge."--_The Festyvall_, + fol. xliv. verso, edit. 1528. + +NOVUS. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +_Inscriptions on Buildings._--The following inscriptions are taken from +buildings connected with the hospital of Spital-in-the-Street, co. Lincoln. + +On the chapel: + + "FVI A^O D[=N]I 1398 } + NON FVI 1594 } DOM DEI & PAVPERVM. + SVM 1616 } + + QVI HANC DEVS HVNC DESTRVET." + +On the wall of a cottage, formerly one of the alms-houses: + + "DEO ET DIVITIBVS. + A^O D[=N]I 1620." + +On the wall of a building now used as a barn, but formerly the Court-house, +in which the Quarter Sessions for the parts of Lindsey were formerly held, +before their transfer to Kirton in Lindsey: + + "FIAT IVSTITIA. + 1619." + "HAEC DOMVS + DIT, AMAT, PVNIT, CONSERVAT, HONORAT, + EQVITIAM, PACEM, CRIMINA, JVRA, BONOS." + +L. L. L. + +_Epitaphs._--The following specimen of rural monumental Latin is copied +from a tombstone in the churchyard of Henbury, Gloucestershire: + + "Hic jacet + Requiesant in pace, + HENRICUS PARSONES. + Qui obtit XXV. die Junes, + Anno Dominii MDCCCXLV, + Aetatis suae XX. + Cujus animia proprietur Christus." + +The following is from the churchyard of Kingston-Seymour, Somersetshire: + + "J. H. + He was universally beloved in the circle of + His acquaintance; but united + In his death the esteem of all, + Namely, by bequeathing his remains." + +J. K. R. W. + +_Numbers._--We occasionally see calculations of how often a given number of +persons may vary their position at a table, and each time produce a fresh +arrangement. I believe the result may be arrived at by progressive +multiplication, as thus: + + Twice 1 2 + 3 + --- + Giving for three persons 6 changes. + 4 + --- + Giving for four persons 24 changes. + 5 + --- + Giving for five persons 120 changes. + 6 + --- + Giving for six persons 720 changes, + +and so on. Probably also change-ringing is governed by the same mode of +calculation. + +J. D. ALLCROFT. + +CELTIC LANGUAGE.--As _fraus latet in generalibus_ in linguistics as in law, +I beg to suggest that, instead of using the word _Celtic_, the words +_Gaelic_, _Cymbric_, _Breton_, _Armorican_, _Welsh_, _Irish_, &c. might be +properly appropriated. The mother Celtic is lost,--her remains are to be +found only in the names of mountains, rivers, and countries; and our +knowledge of this tongue is derived from an acquaintance with her two +principal daughters, the Gaelic and Cymbric (=Kymric). The Gaelic tongue +has been driven by Germanic invasion into Ireland (Erse), and into the +Highlands of Scotland (Gaelic). The Cymbric tongue first took refuge in +Belgium, known afterwards as Breton, and still lives as Welsh and +Bas-Breton, which (and not the Gaelic) is nearest of kin in some words to +the Latin and Italian. + +To understand this subject, the profound induction of Eichhoff must be +studied carefully. + +T. J. BUCKTON. + +Lichfield. + +_Illustration of Longfellow_--"_God's Acre._"--Longfellow's very beautiful +little poem, commencing: + + "I like that ancient Saxon phrase, which calls + The burial-ground God's acre." + +is doubtless familiar to all your readers. It may interest some of them to +know, that the "ancient Saxon phrase" has not yet become obsolete. I read +the words "GOTTES ACKER," when at Basle last autumn, inscribed over the +entrance to a modern cemetery, just outside the St. Paul's Gate of that +city. + +W. SPARROW SIMPSON. + + * * * * * + + +{493} + +Queries. + +JOHN LOCKE. + +I shall be much obliged if any gentleman who has the power of access to the +registers of Wrington, Somerset, or who may otherwise take an interest in +the descent of John Locke the philosopher, will kindly assist me to prove +that the parents of that eminent man were as supposed to be in the +accompanying pedigree. + + Edmund Keene of Wrington, = Mary, daughter of ... described as a widow, + county Somerset. | October 15, 1631. (Court Roll.) + _______________________|_________________________________ + | | | : | + | | | : ... = ... Morris. + | | | : /|\ + | | | : + Edmund Keene of = Frances, John. Richard Agnes Keene, = John Locke + Wrington. Yeoman.| daughter of (?). married : + Will dated | ... Locke(?). at Wrington,: + September 12, | Executrix July 15, : + 1667 (in which | of her 1630. : + he mentions his | husband's will. : + "loving brother | John Locke the philosopher, + Peter Locke." | baptized August 29, 1632. + Who was he?) | + _____________|_____________________ + | | | | | + Samuel John, Peter. Sarah. Mary, baptized at = John Darbie of + Keene. baptized Both baptized Wrington, February 27, Shirbourne, + : October 8, October 24, 1633, by her father's co. Dorset, + : 1635. 1639. will had lands at Mercer. + : : Wrington and Ley. (Deed, August + :________: Will dat. August 16, 16, 1676.) + | 1717. by which she + Frances Keene. = Joseph Watkins devised her estate at + (Daughter of | of Abingdon. Wrington to her niece Frances Watkins + Samuel or John?) | of Abingdon, widow, remainder to her + | son Joseph. Died November 27, 1717. + | + Joseph Watkins of Clapton, Middlesex, = Magdalen, daughter of... Gibbes. + Esq. /|\ + +I observe that in Chalmers' Dictionary the mother of Locke is called Anne, +whereas, in the Wrington register, I am informed that it appears as +Agnes,--"1630, July 15, (married) John Locke and Agnes Keene." I believe, +however, that in former days Anne and Agnes were not unfrequently +confounded, so that the apparent discrepancy may not be material. + +The best evidence that is at present within my reach, in support of the +connexion here given, is a letter from Mrs. Frances Watkins, a daughter of +either Samuel or John Keene, dated "Abingdon, January, 1754," addressed to +her son "Joseph Watkins, Esq., at John's Coffee House, Cornhill, London," +and from which I make the following extract for the information of those +who may be disposed to look into this question. She says,-- + + "I am allied to Mr. Lock thus: His father and my grandmother were + brother and sister, and his mother and my grandfather were also sister + and brother, consequently my father and the great Lock were doubly + first cousins. My grandfather's sister and my grandmother's brother + produced this wonder of the world. To make you more sensible of it, a + Lock married a Keen, and a Keen married a Lock. My aunt Keen was a most + beautiful woman, as was all the family; and my uncle Lock an extream + wise man. So much for genealogy. My Lord Chancellor King was allied + thus near. I forgett whether his mother was a Keen or Lock. I had this + information from my aunt Darby. Mr. Lock had no advantage in his + person, but was a very fine gentleman. From foreign Courts they used to + write, 'For John Lock, Esq., in England.'" + +C. J. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries. + +"_The Village Lawyer._"--Can you inform me who is the author of that very +popular farce, _The Village Lawyer_? It was first acted about the year +1787. It has been ascribed to Mr. Macready, the father of Mr. W. C. +Macready, the eminent tragedian. The real author, however, is said to have +been a dissenting minister in Dublin, and I would be obliged to any of your +readers who could give me his name. + +SIGMA. + +_Richard Plantagenet, Earl of Cambridge._--In a note in the first volume of +Miss Strickland's _Lives of the Queens of Scotland_, she remarks that +Bourchier, Earl of Essex, "was near of kin to the royal family, being +grand-nephew to Richard, Duke of York, father of Edward IV., but did not +share the blood of the heiress of March, _Jane_ Mortimer." I quote from +memory, not having the book at hand; but allowing that Jane for Anne may be +a slip of the pen, or a mistake of the press, where did Miss Strickland +discover any second marriage of Richard, Earl of Cambridge? All pedigrees +of the royal family that I have seen agree in giving him only one wife, and +in expressly stating her to be mother to Isabel, Countess of Essex. + +J. S. WARDEN. + +_Highland Regiment._-Can any of your Gaelic or military correspondents +inform me whether it is at present the custom for the officers in the +Highland regiments to wear a dirk in addition to the broadsword? Also +whether the Highland regiments were ever armed with broadswords, and {494} +whether their drill is different to that of the other troops of the line? I +have somewhere heard it said that the 28th (an English regiment) were once +armed with swords, whence their name of "The Slashers?" Is this the real +origin of the name? and if not, what is? I should also like to know the +origin of the custom of wearing undress _white_ shell jackets, which are +now worn by the Highlanders? + +ARTHUR. + +_Ominous Storms._--A remark by a labouring man of this town (Grantham), +which is new to me, is to the following effect. In March, and all seasons +when the judges are on circuit, and when there are any criminals to be +hanged, there are always winds and storms, and roaring tempests. Perhaps +there are readers of "N. & Q." who have met with the same idea. + +JOHN HAWKINS. + +_Edward Fitzgerald_, born 17th January, 1528, son of Gerald, ninth Earl of +Kildare, and brother of the celebrated "Silken Thomas," an ancestor of the +Duke of Leinster, married Mary, daughter and heiress of Sir John Leigh of +Addington, and widow of Sir Thomas Paston (called improperly Sir John). +There are contradictory pedigrees of the Leigh family in the _Surrey +Visitations_, _e. g._ Harl. MSS. 1147. and 5520. Could one of your +correspondents oblige me with a correct pedigree of this Mary Leigh; she is +sometimes called "Mabel?" + +Y. S. M. + +_Boyle Family._--Allow me to repeat the Query regarding Richard Boyle (Vol. +vii., p. 430.). Richard Boyle, appointed Dean of Limerick 5th Feb. 1661, +and Bishop of Leighlin and Ferns in 1666, died in 1682. Roger Boyle, the +youngest brother of Richard, was born in 1617, and educated in Trinity +College, Dublin, of which he became a Fellow. On the breaking out of the +rebellion of 1641 he went to England, and having become tutor to Lord +Paulet, he continued in that family till the Restoration, when he returned +to Ireland, and was presented with the Rectory of Carrigaline, diocese of +Cork. He was made Dean of Cork in 1662, and promoted to the Bishopric of +Down and Connor 12th Sept. 1667. He was translated to Clogher, 21st +September, 1672, and died 26th November, 1687. The sister of these prelates +was wife to the Rev. Urban Vigors (Vol. viii., p. 340.). They were near +relatives of the great Earl of Cork, and many of their descendants have +been buried in his tomb, in St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin. I have not +seen any reply to my Query about Mr. Vigors. May I ask is there any list of +the chaplains of King Charles I.? + +Y. S. M. + +_Inn Signs._--As the subject of inns is being discussed, can any of your +readers tell the origin of "The Green Man and Still?" And is there any +foundation for a statement, that "the chequers" have been found on Italian +wine-shops, and were imported from Egypt, having there been the emblem of +Osiris. + +S. A. + +Oxford. + +_Demoniacal Descent of the Plantagenets._--In "N. & Q.," Vol. vii., p. 73., +I asked for information as to the demoniacal ancestor of Henry II., +confessing my own ignorance of the tradition. I received no answer, but was +induced to inquire farther by a passage in the article on "A'Becket" in the +_Quarterly Review_, xciii. 349. + + "These words goaded the king into one of those paroxysms of fury to + which all the earlier Plantagenet princes were subject, and which was + believed by them to arise from a mixture of demoniacal blood in their + race." + +The following is from Thierry, tom. iii. p. 330., Paris, 1830: + + "L'on racontait d'une ancienne Comtesse d'Anjou, aieule du pere de + Henri II., que son mari ayant remarque avec effroi, qu'elle allait + rarement a l'eglise, et qu'elle en sortait toujours a la sacre de la + messe, s'avisa de l'y faire retenir de force par quatre ecuyers; mais + qu'a l'instant de la consecration, la Comtesse, jettant le manteau par + lequel on la tenait, s'etait envolee par une fenetre, et n'avait jamais + reparu. Richard de Poictiers, selon un contemporain, avait coutume de + rapporter cette aventure, et de dire a ce propos: 'Est-il etonnant que, + sortis d'une telle source, nous vivions mal, les uns avec les autres? + Ce qui provient du diable doit retourner au diable.'" + +Thierry quotes _Brompton apud Scriptores Rerum Francorum_, tom. xiii. p. +215.: + + "Istud Ricardus referre solebat, asserens de tali genere procedentes + sese mutuo infestent, tanquam de diabolo venientes, et ad diabolum + transeuntes." + +I shall be glad of any assistance in tracing the story up or down. + +H. B. C. + +U. U. Club. + +_Anglo-Saxon Graves._--The world is continually hearing now of researches +in Anglo-Saxon graves. I beg to inquire whether Anglo-Saxon coins or +inscriptions have been found in any of these, so as to identify them with +the people to whom these interments are ascribed? or upon what other proof +or authority these graves are so assigned to the Anglo-Saxons? + +H. E. + +_Robert Brown the Separatist._--Robert Brown the Separatist, from whom his +followers were called "Brownists." Whom did he marry, and when? In the +_Biog. Brit._ he is said to have been the son of Anthony Brown of Tolthorp, +Rutland, Esq. (though born at Northampton, according to Mr. Collier), and +grandson of Francis Brown, whom King Henry VIII., in the eighteenth year of +his reign, privileged by charter to wear his {495} cap in the royal +presence. He was nearly allied to the Lord Treasurer Cecil Lord Burleigh, +who was his friend and powerful protector. Burleigh's aunt Joan, daughter +of David Cyssel of Stamford (grandfather of the Lord Treasurer) by his +second wife, married Edmund Brown. She was half-sister of Richard Cyssel of +Burleigh, the Lord Treasurer's father. What connexion was there between +Edmund Brown and Anthony Brown of Tolthorp? + +Fuller (_Ch. Hist._, b. ix. p. 168.) says, he had a wife with whom he never +lived, and a church in which he never preached. His church was in +Northamptonshire, and he died in Northampton Gaol in 1630. + +From 1589 to 1592 he was master of St. Olave's Grammar School in Southwark. + +G. R. CORNER. + +Eltham. + +_Commissions issued by Charles I. at Oxford._--In Lord Campbell's _Lives of +the Chancellors_, vol. ii. p. 604., it is stated that a commission was +granted to Lord Keeper Littleton to raise a corps of volunteers for the +royal service among the members of the legal profession, "and that the +docquet of that commission remains among the instruments passed under the +great seal of King Charles I. at Oxford." P. C. S. S. is very desirous to +know where a list of these instruments can be consulted? + +P. C. S. S. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries with Answers. + +_Hogmanay._--This word, applied in Scotland to the last day of the year, is +derived by Jamieson (I believe, but have not his _Dictionary_ to refer to) +from the Greek [Greek: hagia mene]. + +Can any of your correspondents north of the Tweed, or elsewhere, give the +correct source? + +W. T. M. + +Hong Kong. + + [Our correspondent is probably not aware that Brand, in his _Popular + Antiquities_, vol. i. pp. 457-461. (Bohn's edit.), has devoted a + chapter to this term. Among other conjectural etymologies he adds the + following: "We read in the _Scotch Presbyterian Eloquence Displayed_, + that it is ordinary among some plebeians in the South of Scotland to go + about from door to door on New Year's Eve, crying _Hagmena_, a + corrupted word from the Greek [Greek: agia mene] _i. e._ holy month. + John Dixon, holding forth against this custom once, in a sermon at + Kelso, says: 'Sirs, do you know what hagmane signifies? It is, _the + devil be in the house!_ that's the meaning of its _Hebrew_ original,' + p. 102. Bourne agrees in the derivation of Hagmena given in the _Scotch + Presbyterian Eloquence Displayed_. 'Angli,' says Hospinian, + '_Haleg-monath_, quasi sacrum mensem vocant.' _De Origine Ethn._, p. + 81." See also an ingenious essay on Hagmena in the _Caledonian Mercury_ + for Jan. 2, 1792, from which the most important parts have been + extracted by Dr. Jamieson in his art. "Hogmanay."] + +_Longfellow's "Hyperion."_--Can any of your readers tell me why that +magnificent work of Longfellow's, which though in prose contains more real +poetry than nine-tenths of the volumes of verse now published, is called +_Hyperion_? + +MORDAN GILLOTT. + + [Hyperion is an epithet applied to Apollo, and is used by Shakspeare, + _Hamlet_, Act I. Sc. 2.: + + "Hyperion to a satyr." + + Warburton says, "This similitude at first sight seems to be a little + far-fetched, but it has an exquisite beauty. By the satyr is meant Pan, + as by Hyperion _Apollo_. Pan and Apollo were brothers, and the allusion + is to the contention between those gods for the preference in music." + Steevens, on the other hand, believes that Shakspeare "has no allusion + in the present instance, except to the beauty of Apollo, and its + immediate opposite, the deformity of a satyr." Hyperion or Apollo is + represented in all the ancient statues as exquisitely beautiful, the + satyrs hideously ugly.] + +_Sir Hugh Myddelton._--Where was Sir Hugh Myddleton buried? and has a +monument been erected to his memory? I have searched several encyclopaedias +and other works, but they make no mention of his place of sepulture. + +Hughson, I think, states it to be St. Matthew's, Friday Street; but I +believe this is not correct. + +J. O. W. + + [There is a statue of Sir Hugh Myddelton, by Carew, in the New Royal + Exchange. See Cunningham's _Handbook of London_, from which work we + learn (p. 327.) that "the register of St. Matthew's, Friday Street, + abounds in entries relating to the family of Sir Hugh Myddleton." + Cunningham does not mention his burial-place; but in the pedigree of + the family given in Lewis's _History of Islington_, it is stated that + he was buried in the churchyard of St. Matthew, London.] + +_Sangarede._--The expression "sangarede," or "sangared," occurs in two +ancient wills, one dated 1504, in which the testator bequeathed-- + + "To the sepulkyr lyght vi hyves of beene to pray ffor me and my wyffe + in y^e comon _sangered_."--_Lib. Fuller_, f. 70. + +In the other, dated 1515, this passage occurs: + + "I wyll y^t Ione my wyff here a yeere daye for me yeerly terme of her + lyfe in the church of Mendlshm, and after here decesse y^e towne of + Mendelyshm here a _sangarede_ for me and my wyfe in the church of + Mendlshm perpetually." + +I should be much obliged if you or one of your correspondents could furnish +me with an intimation of the meaning of the term. + +LAICUS. + + [Sangared, _i. e._ the chantry, or chanting, from the Saxon _sangere_, + a singer.] + +_Salubrity of Hallsal, near Ormskirk, Lancashire._--Between the 19th of +February and the 14th of {496} May, 1800, ten persons died in this parish +whose ages, as recorded on their tombs in the order of their departure, +were 74, 84, 37, 70, 84, 70, 72, 62, 80, 90. This year must have been a +fatal one to old people. Can any of the correspondents of "N. & Q." tell +anything about the season? + +W. J. + +Bootle. + + [The beginning of the year 1800 was unusually severe; in February, ice + covered the ground so completely, that people skaited through the + streets and roads; and in March, easterly winds prevailed with + extraordinary violence. For the verification of these facts, consult + the Meteorological diaries in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ of the above + period.] + +_Athens._--What is the origin of the term "violet-crowned city," as applied +to Athens? Macaulay uses the expression in his _History of England_, but +does not state how it was acquired. + +E. A. T. + + [The ancient Greeks and Romans, at their festive entertainments, wore + garlands of flowers, and the violet was the favourite of the Athenians, + than whom no people were more devoted to mirth, conviviality, and + sensual pleasure. Hence the epithet was also given to Venus, [Greek: + Kupris iostephanos], as in some verses recorded by Plutarch, in his + _Life of Solon_. Aristophanes twice applies the word to his sybarite + countrymen: _Equites_, v. 1323., and _Acarn._ i. 637.] + +_James Miller._--Who was Miller, mentioned by Warburton as a writer of +farces about 1735? + +I. R. R. + + [James Miller, a political and dramatic writer, was born in Dorsetshire + in 1703. He received his education at Wadham College, Oxford; and while + at the university, wrote a satiric piece called _The Humours of + Oxford_, which created him many enemies, and hindered his preferment. + He also published several political pamphlets against Sir Robert + Walpole; and also the tragedy of _Mahomet_, and other plays. He died in + 1744.] + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + +BRYDONE. + +(Vol. ix., pp 138. 255. 305. 432.) + +TRAVELLER having honoured me by alluding to a little work of mine, written +thirty-five years ago, I may perhaps be permitted to correct a few errors +(trifling, because personal) in his notice. My affinity was that of a +cousin, not uncle, to the late lord my predecessor. I never had the +military rank assigned to me, but was at the time like TRAVELLER himself, a +"youngster" freshly emancipated from Oxford to the Continent: and had +little more pretension in printing the extracts from my Journal, than to +comply with the kind wishes of many friends and relatives. + +But to pass to what is more important, the character of Brydone, at the +time I speak of there were no useful _handbooks_ in existence; and tourists +took for the purpose such volumes of travels as they could carry. Brydone, +for this, was unfit. The French criticism (quoted Vol. ix., 306.) rightly +says, that he sacrificed truth to piquancy in his narrations. Still it is a +heavy charge to suspect so gross a deviation, as that of inventing the +description of an ascent which he never accomplished; especially when the +ascent is a feat not at all difficult. The evidence for this disbelief must +be derived from a series of errors in the account, which I do not remember +to have observed while reading him on the spot. The charitable supposition +of MR. MACRAY, that he mistook the summit, is hardly compatible with so +defined a cone as that of Etna; but all must agree with his just estimate +of that description, and which the _Biographie Universelle_ itself terms +"chef d'oeuvre de narration." Brydone, no doubt, is as unsafe for the road +as he is amusing for the study, and perhaps from that very reason. + +MONSON. + +Gatton Park. + + * * * * * + +COLERIDGE'S UNPUBLISHED MSS. + +(Vol. iv., p. 411.; Vol. vi., p. 533.; Vol. viii., p. 43.) + +When I sent you my Note on this subject at the last of the above +references, I had not read _Letters, Conversations, and Recollections of +S. T. Coleridge_, Moxon, 1836. The subjoined extracts from that work +confirm that note, vol. i, pp. 104. 156. 162. + +August 8, 1820. Coleridge: + + "I at least am as well as I ever am, and my regular employment, in + which Mr. Green is weekly my amanuensis, [is] the work on the books of + the Old and New Testaments, introduced by the assumptions and + postulates required as the preconditions of a fair examination of + Christianity as a scheme of doctrines, precepts, and histories, drawn + or at least deducible from these books." + +January, 1821. Coleridge: + + "In addition to these ---- of my GREAT WORK, to the preparation of + which more than twenty years of my life have been devoted, and on which + my hopes of extensive and permanent utility, of fame, in the noblest + sense of the word, mainly rest, &c. Of this work, &c., the result must + finally be revolution of all that has been called _Philosophy_ or + Metaphysics in England and France since the era of the commencing + predominance of the mechanical system at the restoration of our second + Charles, and with the present fashionable views, not only of religion, + morals, and politics, but even of the modern physics and physiology.... + Of this work, something more than a volume has been {497} dictated by + me, so as to exist fit for the press, to my friend and enlightened + pupil, Mr. Green; and more than as much again would have been evolved + and delivered to paper, but that for the last six or eight months I + have been compelled to break off our weekly meeting," &c. + +Vol. ii. p. 219. Editor: + + "The prospectus of these lectures (viz. on Philosophy) is so full of + interest, and so well worthy of attention, that I subjoin it; trusting + that the Lectures themselves will soon be furnished by, or under the + auspices of Mr. Green, the most constant and the most assiduous of his + disciples. That gentleman will, I earnestly hope--_and doubt not_--see, + _feel_, the necessity of giving the whole of his great master's views, + opinions, and anticipations; not those alone in which he more entirely + sympathises, or those which may have more ready acceptance in the + present time. He will not shrink from the great, the _sacred duty_ he + has voluntarily undertaken, from any regards of prudence, still less + from that most hopeless form of fastidiousness, the wish to conciliate + those who are never to be conciliated, _inferior minds_ smarting under + a sense of inferiority, and the imputation _which they are conscious is + just_, that but for Him _they_ never could have been; that distorted, + dwarfed, changed, as are all his views and opinions, by passing + _athwart_ minds with which they could not assimilate, they are yet + almost the only things which give such minds a _status_ in literature." + +How has Mr. Green discharged the duties of this solemn trust? Has he made +any attempt to give publicity to the _Logic_, the "great work" on +_Philosophy_, the work on the Old and New Testaments, to be called _The +Assertion of Religion_, or the _History of Philosophy_, all of which are in +his custody, and of which the first is, on the testimony of Coleridge +himself, a finished work? We know from the _Letters_, vol. ii. pp. 11. +150., that the _Logic_ is an essay in three parts, viz. the "Canon," the +"Criterion," and the "Organon;" of these the last only can be in any +respect identical with the _Treatise on Method_. There are other works of +Coleridge missing; to these I will call attention in a future Note. For the +four enumerated above Mr. Green is responsible. He has lately received the +homage of the University of Oxford in the shape of a D.C.L.; he can surely +afford a fraction of the few years that may still be allotted to him in +re-creating the fame of, and in discharging his duty to, his great master. +If, however, he cannot afford the time, trouble, and cost of the +undertaking, I make him this public offer; I will, myself, take the +responsibility of the publication of the above-mentioned four works, if he +will entrust me with the MSS. + +The Editor will, I doubt not, be good enough to forward to the learned +Doctor a copy of the Number in which this appeal is published. + +C. MANFIELD INGLEBY. + +Birmingham. + + * * * * * + +MR. JUSTICE TALFOURD AND DR. BEATTIE. + +(Vol. ix., p 393.) + +There is so much similarity of character, in respect of sympathy for the +humbler position and the well-being of others, between this lamented judge +and that of the professor who is depicted by his biographer in the +following extract, that I hope you will agree with me in thinking it worthy +of being framed, and hung up as a companion-sketch in your pages: + + "As a Professor, not his own class only, but the whole body of students + at the University, looked up to him with esteem and veneration. The + profound piety of the public prayers, with which he began the business + of each day, arrested the attention of the youngest and most + thoughtless; the excellence of his moral character; his gravity blended + with cheerfulness, his strictness joined with gentleness, his favour to + the virtuous and diligent, and even the mildness of his reproofs to + those who were less attentive, rendered him the object of their respect + and admiration. Never was more exact discipline preserved than in his + class, nor ever anywhere by more gentle means. His sway was absolute, + because it was founded in reason and affection. He never employed a + harsh epithet in finding fault with any of his pupils; and when, + instead of a rebuke which they were conscious they deserved, they met + merely with a mild reproof, it was conveyed in such a manner as to + throw not only the delinquent, but sometimes the whole class into + tears. To gain his favour was the highest ambition of every student; + and the gentlest word of disapprobation was a punishment, to avoid + which, no exertion was deemed too much. His great object was not merely + to make his pupils philosophers, but to render them good men, pious + Christians, loyal to their king, and attached to the British + constitution; pure in morals, happy in the consciousness of a right + conduct, and friends to all mankind." + +This is the language of Dr. Beattie's biographer, who knew him intimately. +Cowper, the poet, thus writes of him to the Rev. W. Unwin, from a knowledge +of his works: + + "I thanked you in my last for Johnson; I now thank you with more + emphasis for Beattie--the most agreeable and amiable writer I ever met + with--the only author I have seen whose critical and philosophical + researches are diversified and embellished by a poetical imagination, + that makes even the driest subject, and the leanest, a feast for an + epicure in books. He is so much at his ease too, that his own character + appears in every page; and, which is rare, we see not only the writer, + but the man; and that man so gentle, so well-tempered, so happy in his + religion, and so humane in his philosophy, that it is necessary to love + him, if one has any sense of what is lovely."--_Life of Dr. Beattie_, + by Sir William Forbes, Bart. + +J. M. + +Oxford. + + * * * * * + +{498} + +RUSSIAN "TE DEUM." + +(Vol. ix., p. 325.) + +The following is a translation of this Greek doxology, as contained in the +Prayer-Book of the Greek Church, under the title '[Greek: Horologion to +mega, Benatiai, Tupog. Nikulaou Gluke], 1845, p. 75.: + + 1. Glory to Thee, the Giver of light. + + 2. Glory to God on high, and on earth peace, good-will towards men. + + 3. We praise Thee, we bless Thee, we worship Thee, we glorify thee, we + give thanks to Thee for Thy great glory; + + 4. O Lord King, heavenly God, Father Almighty, O Lord, only begotten + Son Jesus Christ, and Holy Spirit. + + 5. O Lord God, Lamb of God, Son of the Father, that taketh away the sin + of the world; have mercy upon us, Thou that takest away the sins of the + world. + + 6. Accept our prayer; Thou that sittest at the Father's right hand, + have mercy on us: + + 7. For Thou only art holy; Thou only, Lord Jesus Christ, art in the + glory of God the Father. Amen. + + 8. Day by day I bless Thee, and I praise Thy name for ever, and for all + eternity. + + 9. Vouchsafe, Lord, this day to keep me sinless. + + 10. Blessed art Thou, Lord, the God of our fathers; and praised and + glorified be Thy name for ever. Amen. + + 11. Lord, let Thy mercy be on us, as we trust in Thee. + + 12. Blessed art Thou, Lord; teach me Thy statutes. + + 13. Lord, Thou hast been our refuge from one generation to another. + + 14. I said, Lord be merciful unto me; heal my soul, for I have sinned + against Thee. + + 15. Lord, I fly to Thee; teach me to do Thy will, for Thou art my God; + + 16. For with Thee is a well of life, in Thy light shall we see light. + + 17. Extend Thy mercy to them that know Thee. + + 18. O holy God, holy Strength, holy Immortal, have mercy on us. Amen. + +Verses 2. to 7. are identical with the _Gloria in Excelsis_, or the Angelic +Hymn, sung at the conclusion of the Lord's Supper in the Anglican Church, +but which commences the Mass in the Romish Church. It is of great +antiquity, being attributed to Telesphorus, A.D. 139, and is found in the +_Apostolic Constitutions_, vii. c. 48. + +Verses 8, 9. 11. are the same as in the Latin _Te Deum_. + +Verse 12. is from Psalm cxix. 12. + +Verse 13. is from Psalm xc. 1. + +Verse 14. is from Psalm xli. 4. + +Verse 15. is from Psalm cxliii. 9, 10. + +Verse 16. is from Psalm xxxvi. 9. + +Verse 17. is from Psalm xxxvi. 10. + +T. J. BUCKTON. + +Lichfield. + +In answer to your correspondent HONORE DE MAREVELLE'S Query regarding the +_Te Deum_ as sung in Russia, I beg to inform him that in whatever language +the Emperor Nicholas is most familiar with this hymn, it is sung in all +their churches in Sclavonic, which is only intelligible to the priests and +a _very small_ number of the laity, the mass of the people being quite +ignorant of this old language. All the services in Russian churches are +performed in Sclavonic. + +The _Old_ Testament is not permitted to be read by the people in modern +Russ, by command of the Emperor; it is circulated sparingly in Sclavonic, +which is of course useless to most of the people, for the reason named +above. The _New_ Testament is, however, allowed to circulate in modern +Russ, and not _half_ the population read that, perhaps not more than a +third. + +With regard to their images or pictures (alluded to by me in Vol. viii., p. +582.), I had not only perused the works mentioned by G. W. (Vol. ix., p. +86.) before I wrote about the Russian religion, &c., but several other +works besides.[1] + +Having been in the country for some little time, and paid some attention to +the subject, I was certainly surprised to find little, if any, mention made +of their manner of worship or superstitious customs in Dr. Blackmore's +works, and wished to contribute my mite towards giving your readers some +information as to the state of this semi-civilised race. + +From _Translations of Russian Works_ you can glean nothing but what the +Russian government chooses, as every work goes through a severe censorship +before it is allowed to be printed for circulation; and if there is +anything in it that is not liked, it is not permitted to be published +unless those parts are suppressed. + +It is perhaps only partially known that there is some difficulty in getting +English books and newspapers into Russia, as all must go through the +censor's office. _The Times_ (which is however all but, if not quite, +prohibited at St. Petersburg, and has been so a long time), _Punch_, and +other of our papers, possess a ludicrous appearance after having passed +through the hands of the worthies in the censor's office, sometimes there +being very little left of them to read. + +Whilst writing about images, I omitted to name one or two other +circumstances that have come under my own notice, showing still farther the +superstitious veneration in which they are held by the Russians. + +In the case of a house on fire, one of the inmates, with his head +uncovered, carries the image three times round the burning house, under the +{499} belief that it will cause the fire to cease, never attempting to put +it out by any other means. + +At Moscow there is a very noted image of the Virgin Mary; it is deposited +in a recess at one side of an archway leading to the Kremlin. Every person +passing through this archway is _obliged_ to uncover his head. I had to do +so whenever I passed through. The belief of the efficacy of this image in +healing diseases is universal. When any person is ill, by paying the +priests handsomely, they will bring it with great pomp, in a carriage and +four horses, to the sick person's house, who _must_ recover, or else, if +death ensues, they say it is _so fated_. + +Instances of other images in various parts of the empire, some believed to +have fallen from heaven, might be multiplied to any extent. I mention these +to show that, whatever these representations of the Deity may be called, I +had not written unadvisedly previously, as might be surmised by G. W.'s +remarks. Everybody must deplore the wretched condition of these people; and +the Czar, well knowing their superstitious ideas, works upon their +fanatical minds with such letters as we all have had the sorrow of seeing a +specimen of in _The Times_ of to-day.[2] + +J. S. A. + +May 15, 1854. + +[Footnote 1: Owing to an error in my original MS., or of the printers, they +were called _the "gods,"_ instead of _their gods_, answering to the ancient +_penates_.] + +[Footnote 2: Vide Nicholas to the Commandant of Odessa.] + + * * * * * + +ARTESIAN WELLS. + +(Vol. ix., p. 222.) + +Your correspondent STYLITES is strongly advised not to set about making, or +rather endeavouring to make, a well of this description till he has been +well advised of the feasibility of the scheme in his particular locality. +The old adage will apply in this case, "Ex quovis ligno," &c. It is not +everywhere that an artesian well can be obtained with any depth of bore; +that is, a well which shall bring its water to or above the surface of the +ground. But if, on sufficient knowledge of the mineralogical structure of +the country, it be declared that a well of the true artesian sort cannot be +obtained, STYLITES should dig his well, say fifteen or twenty feet deep, +and "stein" it, and then bore in search of a spring, unless a sufficient +supply is already obtained from the surface drainage. A moderate outlay in +this way, unless the impervious stratum be of very great thickness indeed, +will generally bring up water, with a natural tendency to rise within reach +of a common pump, or of a well-bucket at the least. + +But it may still happen that the water of the bore has not this natural +tendency. In that case the sinking of the well may be continued till the +water is reached, and a sufficient depth of reservoir obtained at the +bottom. + +M. (2) + +As practical answers to the inquiries of STYLITES on this subject, I have +to say, that common wells are preferable to artesian in all cases where +abundance of water is obtained at a depth not exceeding thirty feet. I need +not tell STYLITES that the common sucking-pump will not draw up water from +a depth exceeding thirty feet. The convenience of common wells is one +reason why artesian ones are not universally adopted; and a greater reason +is that artesian wells are very much more expensive to make than common +ones. When artesian wells are preferable to common ones is, when water +cannot be obtained at a depth beyond the reach of the force-pump. Two of my +friends have made artesian wells; one a mill-spinner at Dundee, at a time +when that town was very ill supplied with water. He sunk a well 150 feet in +depth and found no water. A bore was then made through trap rock for +upwards of 150 feet, and water was found in abundance on reaching the +underlying sandstone. The water ultimately reached near to the top of the +well. The other well was made by a bleacher in the neighbourhood of Lisburn +in Ireland. All the surface springs in his bleaching-grounds, which are +extensive, did not supply a sufficient quantity for his purposes. The +subsoil being boulder clay, he had to bore through it to about 300 feet +before the water was met with; when it rose as near the top of the bore as +to permit the use of a common pump being worked by power. The theory of the +action of artesian wells has been explained by MR. BUCKTON (Vol. ix., p. +283.), but I have no hesitation in telling STYLITES that he will find water +almost anywhere in this country by means of an artesian bore. + +HENRY STEPHENS. + + * * * * * + +DOG-WHIPPERS. + +(Vol. ix., p. 349.) + +The following Notes may contain information for your correspondent C. F. W. +on the subject of dog-whippers. + +Richard Dovey, of Farmcote in Shropshire, in the year 1659, charged certain +cottages with the payment of eight shillings to some poor man of the parish +of Claverley, who should undertake to awaken sleepers, and _whip dogs from +the church_ during divine service. Ten shillings and sixpence per annum is +now paid for the above service. + +John Rudge by his will, dated in 1725, gave five shillings a quarter to a +poor man to go about the parish church of Trysull, in Staffordshire, during +sermon, to keep people awake, and _keep dogs out of the church_. This sum +is still paid for that purpose. + +At Chislet, in Kent, is a piece of land called "Dog-whipper's Marsh," about +two acres, out of {500} which the tenants pay ten shillings a year to a +person for _keeping order in the church_ during divine service. + +There is an acre of land in the parish of Peterchurch, Herefordshire, +appropriated to the use of a person for _keeping dogs out of the church_. + +In the parish of Christchurch, Spitalfields, there is a charity fund called +"cat and dog money," the interest on which is now divided annually amongst +six poor widows of weavers of the names of Fabry or Ovington. There is a +tradition in the parish that this money was originally left for the support +of cats and dogs, but it is more probable that it was originally intended, +as in the cases above mentioned, to "whip dogs and cats" out of the church +during divine service, and that on the unforeseen increase in the fund +after a lapse of years, it became appropriated in the present way. This +money was the subject of a chancery suit in the last century, and the +decree therein directed the present division. + +Many of your readers will call to mind the yelp of some poor cur who had +strolled through the open door of a country church on some sultry day, and +been ejected by the sexton. I myself have often listened to the pit-a-pat +in the quiet aisle, and I once remember a disturbance in church caused by +the quarrel of two dogs. Such scenes, and the fact that dogs were +considered unclean animals, most likely gave rise to the occupation of +dog-whipper as a function of the sexton. It will also be remembered that +some dogs cannot forbear a howl at the sound of certain musical +instruments; and besides the simple inconvenience to the congregation, this +howl may have been considered a manifestation of antipathy to holy +influences, as the devil was supposed to fear holy water. + +Landseer's well-known picture of "The Free Church" proves to us that +amongst the Highland shepherds the office does not now at least exist: and +amongst other instances of the regular attendance at church of these +"unclean animals," I know one in Wales where a favourite dog always +accompanied his master to church, and stood up in the corner of the pew, +keeping watch over the congregation with the strictest decorum. + +A NOTARY. + +That persons bearing an office described by such a name were attached to +great houses in the sixteenth century, is clear from the well-known passage +in _The Two Gentlemen of Verona_, Act IV. Sc. 4., where Launce says,-- + + "I, having been acquainted with the smell before, knew it was Crab; and + goes me to the _fellow that whips the dogs_: 'Friend,' quoth I, 'you + mean to whip the dog?' 'Ay, marry do I,' quoth he," &c. + +W. B. R. + +Derby. + + * * * * * + +CEPHAS, A BINDER, AND NOT A ROCK. + +(Vol. ix., p. 368.) + +I hope you will allow me to give a few reasons for dissenting from MR. +MARGOLIOUTH. I will promise to spare your space and avoid controversy. + +1. The Hebrew word _Caphis_ is only to be found in Hab. ii. 11. Hence it +has been regarded as of somewhat uncertain signification. However, by +comparison with the Syrian verb [Hebrew: KPS] (_c'phas_), we infer that it +may denote that which _grasps_, _gathers_, or _holds together_; it is +therefore not synonymous with [Greek: deo], which is to _bind_, and is used +in Matt. xvi. 19. + +2. Proper names from the Hebrew, Chaldee, and Syriac, are generally written +in Greek, with the terminations of that language, as _e. g._ Jesus, John, +James, Thomas, Judas, &c., and these terminations are _added_ to the +radical letters of the name, which are all retained. It is easy to see that +_Caphis_ would become _Caphisus_, while _Cepho_ (Syriac for _rock_) would +become _Cephas_, just as _Ehudo_ (Syriac, _Jude_) becomes _Judas_. + +3. Still less likely would the name _Caphis_ be to lose a radical in its +transfer to the Syriac, where Cephos is represented by _Cepho_, without +_s_. + +4. The paronomasia exhibited in the Latin, "Tu es _Petrus_, et super hanc +_petram_," also appears both in the Greek and the Syriac. + +5. The difference of gender between the words _Petrus_ and _petra_, +moreover, is preserved in the Syriac and appears in the Greek. + +6. The figure of binding and loosing (v. 19.) is one which was common to +the three languages, Greek, Chaldee, and Syriac, in all of which it denotes +"to remit or retain" sins, "to confirm or abolish" a law, &c. + +7. The occurrence of this figure in ch. xviii. 18., where the reference is +not special to Peter, but general to all the apostles. (Compare John xx. +23.) + +8. The Syriac uniformly translates the name Peter by Cepho (_i. e._ +Cephas), except once or twice in Peter's epistles. This at least indicates +their view of its meaning. + +On the whole I see no reason to suppose that Cephas means anything but +_stone_; certainly there is much less reason for the proposed signification +of _binder_. + +In John i. 42., the clause which explains the name Cephas is absent from +the Syriac version in accordance with the regular and necessary practice of +the translators to avoid tautology: "Thou shalt be called _Stone_; which is +by interpretation _Stone!_" (See the _Journal of Sacred Literature_ for +January last, p. 457., for several examples of this.) There is here surely +sufficient reason to account for the omission of this clause, which, it +{501} appears, is supported by universal MS. authority, as well as by that +of the other versions. + +B. H. C. + +The paronomasia of _Kipho_ (=Rock) was made in the Syro-Chaldaic tongue, +the vernacular language of our Lord and his disciples. The apostle John, +writing in Greek (i. 43.), explains the meaning of _Kipho_ ([Greek: +Kephas]) by the usual Greek phrase [Greek: ho hermeneuetai Petros], which +phrase was necessarily omitted in the Syriac version, where this word +_Kipho_ was significant, in the original sense, as used by our Lord, and +therefore needed no such hermeneutic explanation. Had our Lord spoken in +Greek, and had the name [Greek: Kephas] been _idem sonans_ with [Hebrew: +KPYS] (Hab. ii. 11.)--which, however, is not the case,--some slender +support might have been thereby afforded to MR. MARGOLIOUTH'S argument; but +as he admits that our Lord did _not_ speak in the Greek tongue, such +argument falls to the ground as void of all probability. + +T. J. BUCKTON. + +Lichfield. + + * * * * * + +WHITTINGTON'S STONE. + +(Vol. ix., p. 397.) + +The disappearance of this celebrated memorial of a questionable legend, +seems to have been satisfactorily accounted for. The newspapers inform us +that it has been taken to a mason's yard for the purpose of reparation. + +Those who lament the removal of the stone on which, as they imagine, the +runaway apprentice sat listening to the bells of Cheap, will perhaps be +surprised to hear that the object of their regret is at least the _third_ +of the stones which have successively stood upon the spot long since the +days of Whittington. + +1. In a learned and interesting paper communicated to the pages of +_Sylvanus Urban_ (G. M. Dec. 1852) by T. E. T. (a well-known and respected +local antiquary, who will yet, it is sincerely hoped, enrich our libraries +with a work on the ancient history of the northern suburbs, a task for +which he is pre-eminently qualified), it is shown that in all probability +the site in question was once occupied by a wayside cross, belonging to the +formerly adjacent lazar-house and chapel of St. Anthony. A certain +engraving of 1776, mentioned by Mr. T., and which is now before me, +represents a small obelisk or pyramid standing upon a square base, and +surmounted by a cross, apparently of iron. The stone (popularly regarded as +the original) was removed in 1795 by "one S----," the surveyor of the +roads. Having been broken, or as another account states, sawn in two, the +halves were placed as curb-stones against the posts on each side of Queen's +Head Lane in the Lower Street. (Nelson's _Hist. of Islington_, 1811, p. +102.; _Gent. Mag._, Sept. and Oct. 1824, pp. 200. 290.; Lewis's _Hist. of +Islington_, 1841, p. 286.) In _Adams's Picturesque Guide to the Environs of +London_, by E. L. Blanchard (a recent but dateless little work, which I +chanced to open at a book-stall a day or two ago), the present Queen's Head +tavern in the Lower Street is mentioned as containing certain relics of its +predecessor, "with the real Whittington stone (it is said) for a +threshold." + +2. Shortly after the removal of this supposed "original," a new memorial +was erected, with the inscription "Whittington's Stone." This was, for some +cause, removed by order of the churchwardens in May, 1821. + +3. In his second edition, 1823, Nelson says, "The present stone was set up +in 1821, by the trustees of the parish ways." This is the stone which has +lately been removed. + +H. G. + + * * * * * + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. + +_Photographic Experience._--I send you the Rev. W. Le Mottee's and mine: + + W. Le M. + + 1. 6 minutes' exposure. + + 2. Sea-side. + + {_Iod._--Double iod. sol. from 25 gr. N. A. to 1 oz. + 3. {_Exc._--5[minim] 50 gr. A. N. A. 5[minim] G. A. Aq. 2 drs. + {_Dev._--1^o 50 gr. A. N. A. and G. A. part. aeq. 2^o G. A. + + 4. Turner. + + 5. 3/8 inch. + + 6. 3 inches. + + 7. Diam. lens 3 in. Foc. length parallel rays 12-3/4 in. + Maker, Slater. Picture 8-1/2 x 6-1/2. + + T. L. M. + + 1. 10 minutes. + + 2. Sea-side. + + {_Iod._ + 3. {_Exc._ As Le M. + {_Dev._ + + 4. Turner. + + 5. 3/8 inch. + + 6. 3-1/8 inches. + + 7. Diam. lens 3-1/4 in. Foc. length 17-1/2 in. Maker, + Slater. Picture 11-1/2 x 9-1/4. + +I have given the development according to the plan usually followed, for +the sake of comparison; but where it is desirable to work out the shadows +fully, it is far better to give longer exposure in the camera (three times +that above given), and develop with gallo-nitrate of the strength used to +excite, finishing with gallic acid. The time varies with the subject; a +cottage among trees requiring 12 to 14 minutes. Almost all the statements I +have seen, giving the time, do so absolutely; it is well to remind +photographers, that these convey no _information whatever_, unless the +focal length for parallel rays, and the diameter of the diaphragm, are also +given: the time, in practice as well as in theory, varying (_caeteris +paribus_) directly as the {502} square of the former, and inversely as the +square of the latter; and, without these corrections, the results of one +lens are not comparable with those of another. + +When shall we get a good structureless paper? The _texture_ of Turner's, +especially his new paper, is a great defect; and its skies are thin, _very_ +inferior to the dense velvety blacks obtained with Whatman's of old date--a +paper now extinct, and one which, unfortunately for us, it seems impossible +to reproduce. + +T. L. MANSELL. + +Guernsey. + +_Conversion of Calotype Negatives into Positives._--At the second meeting +of the British Association at York, Professor Grove described a process by +which a negative calotype might be converted into a positive one, by +drawing an ordinary calotype image over iodide of potassium and dilute +nitric acid, and exposing to a full sunshine. Not being able to find the +proportions in any published work, can any of your numerous readers give me +the required information; and whether the photograph should be exposed in +its damp state, or allowed to dry? + +G. GRANTHAM. + +_Albumenized Paper._--Mr. Spencer, in the last number of the _Photographic +Journal_, in describing a mode of preparing albumenized paper, states he +has never found it necessary to iron it, as the silver solution coagulates +the albumen the moment it comes in contact with it, "and I fancy makes it +print more evenly than when heat has been employed." But Mr. Spencer uses a +nitrate of silver solution of 90 or 100 grains to the ounce, while DR. +DIAMOND recommends 40 grains. Now as it is very desirable to get rid of the +ironing if possible, my Query is, Will the 40-grain solution coagulate the +albumen so as to do away with that troublesome process? + +P. P. + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Table-turning_ (Vol. ix., p. 39.).--The following conclusions, from an +_expose_ of the laws of nature relating to this subject, have been +submitted to the world, at the end of a series of articles in the _Revue +des Deux Mondes_, by M. Babinet, of the French Institute: + + "1^o. Que tout ce qui est raisonnablement admissible dans les curieuses + experiences qui ont ete faites sur le mouvement des tables ou l'on + impose les mains, est parfaitement explicable par l'energie bien connue + des mouvemens naissans de nos organes, pris a leur origine, surtout + quand une influence nerveuse vient s'y joindre et au moment ou, toutes + les impulsions etant conspirantes, l'effet produit represente l'effet + total des actions individuelles. + + "2^o. Que dans l'etude consciencieuse de ces phenomenes + mecanico-physiologiques, il faudra ecarter toute intervention de force + mysterieuse en contradiction avec les lois physiques bien etablies par + l'observation et l'experience. + + "3^o. Qu'il faudra aviser a populariser, non pas dans la peuple, mais + bien dans la classe eclairee de la societe, les principes des sciences. + Cette classe si importante, dont l'autorite devrait faire loi pour + toute la nation, s'est deja montree plusieurs fois au-dessous de cette + noble mission. La remarque n'est pas de moi, mais au besoin je l'adopte + et la defends: + + 'Si les raisons manquaient, je suis sur qu'en tout cas, + Les exemples fameux ne me manqueraient pas!' + + Comme le dit Moliere. Il est a constater que l'initiative des + reclamations en faveur du bon sens contre les prestiges des tables et + des chapeaux a ete prise par les membres eclaires du clerge de France. + + "4^o. Enfin, les faiseurs des miracles sont instamment supplies de + vouloir bien, s'ils ne peuvent s'empecher d'en faire, au moins ne pas + les faire absurdes. Imposer la croyance a un miracle, c'est deja + beaucoup dans ce siecle; mais vouloir nous convaincre de la realite + d'un miracle ridicule, c'est vraiment etre trop exigeant!"--_Revue des + Deux Mondes_, Janvier 15, 1854. + +J. M. + +Oxford. + +_Female Dress_ (Vol. ix., p. 271.).--I have dresses from 1768 to the +present time, two or three years only missing, from pocket-books, which I +have carefully arranged and had bound in a volume. On referring to it I +find that hoops ceased after 1786, excepting for court days. The ladies at +that time wore large hats, the same shape young people and children have at +the present day. Powder went out at the time of the scarcity, patches +before hoops, and high-heeled shoes when short waists came in fashion. + +I have a small engraving of their Majesties, attended by the lord +chamberlain, &c., together with the Princess Royal, Prince Edward, and the +Princess Elizabeth, in their boxes at the opera in the year 1782. The queen +in a very large hoop, each with their hair full powdered; and the +celebrated Mademoiselle Theodore, in the favourite comic ballad called "Les +Petits Reins," the same year, with a large hoop, hair well powdered, a +little hat at the back of her head with long strings, very short +petticoats, and shoes with buckles. + +JULIA R. BOCKETT. + +Southcote Lodge. + +_Office of Sexton held by one Family_ (Vol. ix., p. 171.).--A search into +parish registers would, I think, show that the office of clerk was often a +hereditary one. In Worcestershire, for example, the family of Rose at +Bromsgrove, and the family of Osborne at Belbroughton, have supplied +hereditary clerks to those parishes through many generations. In the latter +case, also, the trade of a tailor has also been hereditary to an Osborne, +in conjunction with his duties as clerk. The Mr. Tristram, who was the +patron of the living of Belbroughton (afterwards sold to St. John's +College, Oxford), states, in a letter to the bishop (Lyttelton), that the +Osbornes were tailors in Belbroughton in the reign of Henry VIII. They are +tailors, as well as clerks, to this day, but they can trace their descent +to a period of more than {503} three centuries before Henry VIII. The +office of parish clerk and sexton has also been hereditary in the parishes +of Hope and King's Norton, Worcestershire. + +CUTHBERT BEDE, B. A. + +_Lyra's Commentary_ (Vol. ix., p. 323.).--The human figure described by +EDWARD PEACOCK as impressed on one cover of his curious old copy of the +_Textus biblie_, &c., has no glory round the head, or over it, by his +account. This would warrant the conclusion that it was not intended for any +saint, or it might almost pass for a St. Christopher. But I believe it is +meant as emblematic of a Christian generally, in his passage through this +life. I suspect that what MR. PEACOCK speaks of as a "fence composed of +interlaced branches of trees," is intended to represent waves of water by +undulating lines. The figure appears to be wading through the waters of the +tribulations of this life, by the help of his staff, just as St. +Christopher is represented. This may account for the loose appearance of +his nether habiliments, which are tucked up, so as to leave the knees bare. +The wallet is a very fit accompaniment for the pilgrim's staff. The wicker +basket holds his more precious goods; but, to show the insecurity of their +tenure, the pilgrim has a sword ready for their defence. + +It is not so easy to account for the animals on the other cover. My +conjecture is, that at least the four lower ones are meant for the +emblematic figures of the four evangelists. The bird may be the eagle, the +monkey the man; the dog may, on closer scrutiny, be found to look something +like the ox or calf; and the lion speaks for itself. But I can attempt no +explanation of the upper figures, which MR. PEACOCK says "may be horses." I +should much like to see drawings of the whole, both human and animal, +having a great predilection for studying such puzzles. But if the above +hints prove of any service, it will gratify + +F. C. HUSENBETH, D.D., + +Compiler of the _Emblems of Saints_. + +_Blackguard_ (Vol. vii., p. 77. Vol. viii., p. 414.).--Many contributions +towards the history of this word have appeared in the pages of "N. & Q." +May I forward another instance of its being in early use, although not +altogether in its modern acceptation? + +A copy of a medical work in my possession (a 12mo., printed in 1622, and in +the original binding) has fly-leaves from some _printed_ book, as is often +the case in volumes of that date. These fly-leaves seem to be part of some +descriptive sketches of different classes of society, published towards the +early part of the seventeenth century; and some of your readers may be able +to identify the work from my description of these of sheets. No. 14. is +headed "An unworthy Judge;" 16. "An unworthy Knight and Souldier;" 17. "A +worthy Gentleman;" 18. "An unworthy Gentleman," &c. At p 13., No. 27., +occurs "A Bawde of the Blacke Guard," with her description in about sixteen +lines. She is said to be "well verst in the black art, to accommodate them +of the black guard: a weesel-look't gossip she is in all places, where herr +mirth is a bawdy tale," and so on. + +Judging from these fly-leaves, the work from which they have been taken +appears to have been an octavo or small quarto. "Finis" stands on the +reverse of the leaf whence my extract is copied. + +JAYDEE. + +Another instance of the use of the word _black-guard_, in the sense given +to it in "N. & Q." (Vol. ii., pp. 170. 285.), is to be found in Burton's +_Anatomy of Melancholy_, part i. sect. 2., "A Digression of the Nature of +Spirits, bad Angels, or Devils, &c.," in a passage, part of which is given +as a quotation. "Generally they far excel men in worth, as a man the +meanest worme;" though some of then are "inferior to those of their own +rank in worth, as the _black-guard_ of a prince's court, and to men again, +as some degenerate, base, rational creatures are excelled of brute beasts." +The edition of Burton I quote from is 1652. + +C. DE D. + + "Augustus Caesar on a time, as he was passing through Rome, and saw + certain strange women lulling apes and whelps in their arms: 'What!' + said he; 'have the women of these countries none other children?' So + may I say unto you [Dr. Cole], that make so much of Gerson, Driedo, + Royard, and Tapper: Have the learned men of your side none other + doctors? For, alas! these that ye allege are scarcely worthy to be + allowed amongst the _black guard_."--Bp. Jewel's _Works_ (P. S. ed.), + vol. i. p. 72. + +This is, I think, an earlier example than any that has yet been given in +"N. & Q." + +W. P. STORER. + +Olney, Bucks. + +"_Atonement_" (Vol. ix., p. 271.).--The word [Greek: katallage], used by +Aeschylus and Demosthenes, occurs 2 Cor. v. 19., Rom. xi. 15. v. 11. The +word _atonement_ bears two senses: the first, _reconciliation_, as used by +Sir Thomas More, Shakspeare, Beaumont and Fletcher, and Bishops Hall and +Taylor; the second, _expiation_, as employed by Milton, Swift, and Cowper. +In the latter meaning, we find it in Numbers, and other books of the Old +Testament, as the translation of [Greek: hilasma]. + +Waterland speaks of "the doctrine of expiation, atonement, or satisfaction, +made by Christ in His blood" (_Disc. of Fundamentals_, vol. v. p. 82.). +Barrow, Secker, and Beveridge use the word _atone_ or _atonement_ in this +combined sense of the term. R. Gloucester, Chaucer, and Dryden expressly +speak "at one," in a similar way; and, {504} not to multiply passages, we +may merely cite Tyndal: + + "There is but one mediator, Christ, as saith St. Paul, 1 Tim. ii., and + by that word understand an _atone-maker_, a peace-maker, and bringer + into grace and favour, having full power so to do."--_Expos. of Tracy's + Testament_, p. 275., Camb. 1850. + +MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A. + +As a contribution towards the solution of J. H. B.'s Query, I send you the +following extracts from Richardson's _Dictionary_: + + "And like as he made the Jewes and the Gentiles _at one_ between + themselves, even so he made them both _at one_ with God, that there + should be nothing to break the _atonement_; but that the thynges in + heaven and the thynges in earth shoulde be ioyned together as it were + into _one_ body."--_Udal_, _Ephesians_, c. ii. + + "Paul sayth, 1 Tim. ij., 'One God, one Mediatour (that is to say, + aduocate, intercessor, or an _atonemaker_) betwene God and man: the man + Christ Jesus, which gaue himself a raunsom for all men."--Tyndal, + _Workes_, p. 158. + +I am unacquainted with the work referred to in the first extract. The +second is from _The Whole Works of W. Tindal, John Frith, and Dr. Barnes_ +[edited by Foxe], Lond. 1573. The title of the work which contains the +passage is, _The Obedience of a Christian Man, set forth by William +Tindal_, 1528, Oct. 2. + +[Greek: Halieus]. + +Dublin. + +_Bible of 1527_ (Vol. ix., p. 352.).--In reference to the monogram inquired +after in this Query, I think I have seen it, or one very similar, among the +"mason marks" on Strasburg Tower, which would seem a place of Freemason +pilgrimage: for the soft stone is deeply carved in various places within +the tower with such marks as this, together with initials and dates of +visit. I have also marks very similar from the stones of the tower of the +pretty little cathedral of Freiburg, Briesgau. I should incline to think it +a Masonic mark, and not that of an engraver on wood, or of a printer. + +A. B. R. + +Belmont. + +_Shrove Tuesday_ (Vol. ix., p. 324.).--The bell described as rung on Shrove +Tuesday at Newbury, was no doubt the old summons which used to call our +ancestors to the priest to be shrived, or confessed, on that day. It is +commonly called the "Pancake Bell," because it was also the signal for the +cook to put the pancake on the fire. This savoury couplet occurs in _Poor +Robin_ for 1684: + + "But hark, I hear the pancake bell, + And fritters make a gallant smell." + +The custom of ringing this bell has been retained in many parishes. It is +orthodoxly rung at Ecclesfield from eleven to twelve a.m. Plenty of +information on this subject may be found in Brand's _Popular Antiquities_. + +ALFRED GATTY. + +_Milton's Correspondence_ (Vol. viii., p. 640.).--A translation of Milton's +Latin familiar correspondence, made by John Hall, Esq., of the Philadelphia +bar, now a Presbyterian clergyman at Trenton, N.J., was published about +eighteen or twenty years ago in this city. + +UNEDA. + +Philadelphia + +"_Verbatim et literatim_" (Vol. ix., p. 348.).--Your correspondent L. H. J. +TONNA, in proposing for the latter part of the above phrase the form _ad +literam_, might as well have extended his amendment, and suggested _ad +verbum et literam_; for I should imagine there is quite as little authority +for the word _verbatim_ being used in the Latin language, as for that of +_literatim_. Vossius is an authority for the latter; but can any of your +correspondents oblige me by citing one for the former, notwithstanding its +frequent adoption in English conversation and writings? Neither _verbatim_ +nor _literatim_ will be found in Riddle. + +N. L. J. + +_Epigrams_ (Vol. vii., p. 175.).--The epigram, "How D.D. swaggers, M.D. +rolls," &c., was written by Horace Smith, and may be found in the _New +Monthly Magazine_ for 1823, in the article called "Grimm's Ghost. Letter +XII." + +UNEDA. + +Philadelphia. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC. + +In days like these, when so many of our new books are but old ones newly +dressed up, a work of original research, and for which the materials have +been accumulated by the writer with great labour and diligence, deserves +especial commendation. Of such a character is the _Catholic History of +England; its Rulers, Clergy, and Poor, before the Reformation, as described +by the Monkish Historians_, by Bernard William MacCabe, of which the third +volume, extending from the reign of Edward Martyr to the Norman Conquest, +has just been published. The volumes bear evidence in every page that they +are, as the author describes them, "the results of the writing and research +of many hours--the only hours for many years that I had to spare from other +and harder toils." Himself a zealous and sincere follower of the "ancient +faith," Mr. MacCabe's views of the characters and events of which he is +treating, naturally assume the colouring of his own mind: many, therefore, +will dissent from them. None of his readers will, however, dissent from +bestowing upon his work the praise of being carefully compiled and most +originally written. None will deny the charm with which Mr. MacCabe has +invested his History, by his admirable mode of making the old Monkish +writers tell their own story. {505} + +We some time since called the attention of our readers to a new periodical +which had been commenced at Goettingen, under the title of _Zeitschrift +fuer Deutsche Mythologie und Sittenkunde_, under the editorship of T. W. +Wolf. We have since received the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Parts of it from Messrs. +Williams and Norgate, and hope shortly to transfer from its pages to our +columns a few of the many curious illustrations of our own Folk Lore, with +which it abounds. + +BOOKS RECEIVED.--_The Works of John Locke_, vol. i., _Philosophical Works, +with a preliminary Essay and Notes_, by J. A. St. John, is the first volume +of a collected edition of the writings of this distinguished English +philosopher, intended to form a portion of Bohn's _Standard Library_.--_The +Diary and Letters of Madame D'Arblay_, vol. iv., 1788-89. Worth more than +its cost for its pictures of Fox, Burke, Wyndham, &c., and Hastings' +Impeachment.--_A Poet's Children_, by Patrick Scott. A shilling's worth of +miscellaneous poems from the pen of this imaginative but somewhat eccentric +bard.--_Points of War, I. II. III. IV._, by Franklin Lushington. Mr. +Lushington is clearly an admirer of Tennyson, and has caught not a little +of the mannerism and not a few of the graces of his great model. + + * * * * * + + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the +gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are +given for that purpose: + +The following Works of Symon Patrick, late Lord Bishop of Ely, &c.:-- + +A PRAYER FOR PERFECTING OUR LATE DELIVERANCE. 1689. + +A PRAYER FOR CHARITY, PEACE, AND UNITY, chiefly to be used in Lent. + +A PRAYER FOR THE KING'S SUCCESS IN IRELAND. 1690. + +A LETTER TO THE CLERGY OF THE DIOCESE OF ELY, at his Primary Visitation. +1692. + +THE DIGNITY OF THE CHRISTIAN PRIESTHOOD, delivered to his Clergy at his +Fourth Triennial Visitation. 1701. + +AN EXHORTATION TO THE CLERGY BEFORE HIS FIFTH TRIENNIAL VISITATION. 1704. +With a discourse on Rev. xvi. 9., upon occasion of the late terrible Storm +of Wind. + +AN EXHORTATION AT HIS SIXTH TRIENNIAL VISITATION. 1707. + + Wanted by the _Rev. Alexander Taylor_, 3. Blomfield Terrace, Paddington. + +ARCHAEOLOGIA, Vol. III. + + Wanted by the _Rev. G. H. Dashwood_, Stow Bardolph, Burnham Market, + Norfolk. + +THE HUNDRED AND TEN CONSIDERATIONS OF SIGNIOR JOHN VALDESSO, translated by +Nich. Farrer. Oxford, 1638; or the later edition of 1650. + + Wanted by _Mr. J. G. Nichols_, 25. Parliament Street. + +ARCHBISHOP LAWRENCE'S EXAMINATION OF GRIESBACH'S SYSTEMATIC CLASSIFICATION +OF MSS. + + Wanted by _Longman & Co._, Paternoster Row. + +POEMS ON SEVERAL OCCASIONS, by William Broome, LL.D. London, 1727-1739. +8vo. + +ASSIZE SERMON, by the same, on Ps. cxxii. 6. 4to. 1737. + +SERMON, by the same, on 1 Tim. ii. 1, 2. 8vo. 1700. + + Wanted by _T. W. Barlow_, St. James' Chambers, Manchester. + +OSW. CROLLIUS'S ADMONITORY PREFACE, in English, London, 1657, 8vo. + +---- THE MYSTERIES OF NATURE. London, 1657. 8vo. + +---- ON SIGNATURES. London, 1669. Folio. + + Wanted by _J. G._, care of Messrs. Ponsonby, Booksellers, Grafton Street, + Dublin. + +WARREN'S COLLECTION OF GLEES. Wanted, to perfect the Set, Nos. 7. 10. 17. +25. and 27 to 32 inclusive. Any one possessing the above, or a portion of +them, may hear of a purchaser, upon application at Novello's Sacred Music +Warehouse, 69. Dean Street, Soho Square. + + * * * * * + + +Notices to Correspondents. + +EDEN WARWICK. _The paragraph respecting the Crystal Palace has already +appeared in our columns._ + +SIGMA. _How can we forward a letter to this Correspondent?_ + +ENQUIRER. _Our Correspondent's Query is not apparent. The Rolls House and +Chapel, in Chancery Lane, never "reverted to their original use," that is, +as a House of Maintenance for Converted Jews._ + +J. G. T. _For the origin of Bands worn by clergymen, lawyers, and others, +see our Second Volume_, pp. 23. 76. 126. + +"VITA CRUCEM," &c. _We have to apologise for having mislaid the copy of the +following distich, requesting a translation as well as the authorship of +it:_ + + "Vita crucem, et vivas, hominem si noscere velles, + Quis, quid, cur, cujus passus amore fuit." + +_Which may be literally translated, _"Shun the Cross, that you may live, if +you would know Him aright, Who and what He was, why and for love of whom He +suffered."_ These lines seem to be a caveat against the adoration of the +material Cross, and were probably composed during the domination of the +fanatics in Cromwell's time, when that redoubtable Goth, Master William +Dowsing, demolished whatever was inscribed with the Cross, whether of +brass, marble, or other material.--Our Correspondent will find the line, +_"A falcon towering in his pride of place,"_ in _Macbeth_, Act II. Sc. 4._ + +OUR EIGHTH VOLUME _is now bound and ready for delivery, price 10s. 6d., +cloth, boards. A few sets of the whole Eight Volumes are being made up, +price 4l. 4s.--For these early application is desirable._ + +"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country +Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to +their Subscribers on the Saturday_. + + * * * * * + + +On the 1st of June, and on the first day of every Month, will be published, +price Sixpence, the + +JOURNAL OF PROGRESS: + +An Advocate of advanced Views in SOCIAL, MORAL, INDUSTRIAL, AND POLITICAL +ECONOMY; and RECORD OF STATISTICS. + +This Journal is projected, and will be supported, by persons devoted to the +practical objects which chiefly affect the welfare of society. + +It will also be sent regularly to every Member of Parliament. + +GEORGE BELL, Publisher, 186. Fleet Street, London. + +Order of all Booksellers and Newsmen. + + * * * * * + + +Now ready, crown 8vo. + +A New Edition, in large type, of + +THE SACRED GARLAND, + +or, + +THE CHRISTIAN'S DAILY DELIGHT. + +"Pluck a Flower." + +Price 5s. cloth lettered: 9s. full calf: 12s. morocco elegant. + +Upwards of 100,000 copies of this book in a smaller form have been sold. + +MILNER & SOWERBY, Halifax. + + * * * * * + + +MESSRS. TRUEBNER & CO. HAVE JUST PUBLISHED + +WHITTY.--THE GOVERNING CLASSES OF GREAT BRITAIN: POLITICAL PORTRAITS. By +EDWARD M. WHITTY. Foolscap 8vo., price 1s. 6d. + +MORELL.--RUSSIA AND ENGLAND, THEIR STRENGTH AND WEAKNESS. By JOHN REYNELL +MORELL. Foolscap 8vo., price 1s. + +TRUEBNER & CO., 12. Paternoster Row. + + * * * * * + + +{506} + +BOHN'S STANDARD LIBRARY FOR JUNE. + +COWPER'S COMPLETE WORKS, edited by SOUTHEY; comprising his Poems, +Correspondence, and Translations; with Memoir. Illustrated with Fifty fine +Engravings on Steel, after designs by Harvey. To be completed in Eight +Volumes. Vol. IV. Conclusion of Memoir and Correspondence, with General +Index to same. Post 8vo. cloth. 3s. 6d. + +HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden. + + * * * * * + + +BOHN'S BRITISH CLASSICS FOR JUNE. + +DEFOE'S WORKS, edited by SIR WALTER SCOTT. Vol. I. Containing the Life, +Adventures, and Piracies of Captain Singleton, and the Life of Colonel +Jack. With fine Portrait of Defoe. Post 8vo. cloth. 3s. 6d. + +HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden. + + * * * * * + + +BOHN'S ILLUSTRATED LIBRARY FOR JUNE. + +INDIA, PICTORIAL, DESCRIPTIVE, and HISTORICAL, from the Earliest Times to +the Present. Illustrated by upwards of One Hundred fine Engravings on Wood, +and Map of Hindoostan. Post 8vo. cloth, 5s. + +HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. 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York Street, Covent Garden. + + * * * * * + + +NORWAY. A Road Book for Tourists in Norway, with Hints to English Sportsmen +and Anglers, by THOMAS FORESTER, Esq. Post 8vo. limp cloth. 2s. + +HENRY G. BOHN, 4, 5, & 6. York Street, Covent Garden. + + * * * * * + + +W. S. LINCOLN & SON, Caxton House, Blackfriars Road, London (removed from +Westminster Road), will forward Gratis and Post Free to all Applicants, +their June Catalogue of Cheap English and Foreign second-hand Books. + + * * * * * + + +Just published, with ten coloured Engravings, price 5s. + +NOTES ON AQUATIC MICROSCOPIC SUBJECTS OF NATURAL HISTORY, selected from the +"Microscopic Cabinet." By ANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I. + +Also, in 8vo., pp. 720, plates 24, price 21s., or coloured, 36s., + +A HISTORY OF INFUSORIAL ANIMALCULES, Living and Fossil, containing +Descriptions of every species, British and Foreign, the methods of +procuring and viewing them, &c., illustrated by numerous Engravings. By +ANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I. + + "There is no work extant in which so much valuable information + concerning Infusoria (Animalcules) can be found, and every Microscopist + should add it to his library."--_Silliman's Journal._ + +London: WHITTAKER & CO., Ave Maria Lane. + + * * * * * + + +W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the possession of +Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his Inquiries are +greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen engaged in +Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to undertake searches +among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient Wills, or +other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch of Literature, +History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which he has had +considerable experience. + +1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, HATCHAM, SURREY. + + * * * * * + + +DR. DE JONGH'S LIGHT BROWN COD LIVER OIL. Prepared for medicinal use in the +Loffoden Isles, Norway, and put to the test of chemical analysis. The most +effectual remedy for Consumption, Asthma, Gout, Chronic Rheumatism, and all +Scrofulous Diseases. + +Approved of and recommended by BERZELIUS, LIEBIG, WOEHLER, JONATHAN +PEREIRA, FOUQUIER, and numerous other eminent medical men and scientific +chemists in Europe. Specially rewarded with medals by the Governments of +Belgium and the Netherlands. Has almost entirely superseded all other kinds +on the Continent, in consequence of its proved superior power and +efficacy--effecting a cure much more rapidly. Contains iodine, phosphate of +chalk, volatile acid, and the elements of the bile--in short, all its most +active and essential principles--in larger quantities than the pale oils +made in England and Newfoundland, deprived mainly of these by their mode of +preparation. A pamphlet by Dr. de Jongh, with detailed remarks upon its +superiority, directions for use, cases in which it has been prescribed with +the greatest success, and testimonials, forwarded gratis on application. + +The subjoined testimonial of BARON LIEBIG, Professor of Chemistry at the +University of Giessen, is selected from innumerable others from medical and +scientific men of the highest distinction: + + "SIR,--I have the honour of addressing you my warmest thanks for your + attention in forwarding me your work on the chemical composition and + properties, as well as on the medicinal effects, of various kinds of + Cod Liver Oil. + + "You have rendered an essential service to science by your researches, + and your efforts to provide sufferers with this Medicine in its purest + and most genuine state, must ensure you the gratitude of every one who + stands in need of its use. + + "I have the honor of remaining, with expressions of the highest regard + and esteem, + + "Yours sincerely, + "DR. JUSTUS LIEBIG." + + "Giessen, Oct. 30. 1847. + "To Dr. de Jongh at the Hague." + +Sold Wholesale and Retail, in bottles, labelled with Dr. de Jongh's Stamp +and Signature, by ANSAR, HARFORD, & CO., 77. Strand, Sole Consignees and +Agents for the United Kingdom and British Possessions; and by all +respectable Chemists and Venders of Medicine in Town and Country, at the +following prices:--Imperial Measure, Half-pints, 2s. 6d.; Pints, 4s. 9d. + + * * * * * + + +On 1st June will be published, Part I., price 4s. + +MISCELLANEA GRAPHICA: a Collection of Ancient Mediaeval and Renaissance +Remains, in the possession of the LORD LONDESBOROUGH. Illustrated by F. W. +FAIRHOLT, F.S.A., &c. + +The Work will be published in Nine Quarterly Parts, of royal 4to. size, +each Part containing Four Plates, One of which will be in +Chromo-lithography, representing Jewellery, Antique Plate, Arms, and +Armour, and Miscellaneous Antiquities. + +London: CHAPMAN & HALL, 193. Piccadilly. + + * * * * * + + +Just published, in 4 vols. 8vo., price 2l. in Sheets. + +ORIGINES KALENDARIAE ITALICAE; Nundinal Calendars of Ancient Italy; +Nundinal Calendar of Romulus; Calendar of Numa Pompilius; Calendar of the +Decemvirs; Irregular Roman Calendar, and Julian Correction. TABLES OF THE +ROMAN CALENDAR, from U.C. 4 of Varro B.C. 750 to U.C. 1108 A.D. 355. By +EDWARD GRESWELL. B.D., Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. + +Oxford: at the UNIVERSITY PRESS. + +Sold by JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford, and 377. Strand, London; and GARDNER, 7. +Paternoster Row. + + * * * * * + + +Just published, 8vo., price 2s. 6d. + +PRELIMINARY ADDRESS of the ORIGINES KALENDARIAE ITALICAE, lately published +at the OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS. With some further observations. By EDWARD +GRESWELL, B.D., Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. + +JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford; and 377. Strand, London. + +Cambridge: J. DEIGHTON. + + * * * * * + + +Just published, 8vo., price 10s. in Sheets. + +THEODORETI Episcopi Cyri Ecclesiasticae Historiae Libri Quinque cum +Interpretatione Latina et Annotationibus Henrici Valesii. Recensuit THOMAS +GAISFORD, S. T. P., Aedis Christi Decanus necnon Linguae Graecae Professor +Regius. + +Oxonii: E TYPOGRAPHEO ACADEMICO. + +Sold by JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford, and 377. Strand, London; and GARDNER, 7. +Paternoster Row. + + * * * * * + + +Just published, 8vo., price 5s. 6d. in Sheets. + +SYNODUS ANGLICANA. By Edmund Gibson, D.D., afterwards Bishop of London. +Edited by EDWARD CARDWELL, D.D., Principal of St. Alban's Hall. + +Oxford: at the UNIVERSITY PRESS. + +Sold by JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford, and 337. Strand, London; and GARDNER, 7. +Paternoster Row. + + * * * * * + + +ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description of +upwards of 100 articles consisting of PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS, +Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and +other travellers' requisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by Post +on receipt of Two Stamps. + +MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their +Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new +Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best articles +of the kind ever produced. + +J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 23. West Strand. + + * * * * * + + +{507} + +COLLODION PORTRAITS AND VIEWS obtained with the greatest ease and certainty +by using BLAND & LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton; certainty and +uniformity of action over a lengthened period, combined with the most +faithful rendering of the half-tones, constitute this a most valuable agent +in the hands of the photographer. + +Albumenized paper, for printing from glass or paper negatives, giving a +minuteness of detail unattained by any other method, 5s. per Quire. + +Waxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality. + +Instruction in the Processes. + +BLAND & LONG, Opticians and Photographical Instrument Makers, and Operative +Chemists, 153. Fleet Street, London. + +*** Catalogues sent on application. + + * * * * * + + +THE SIGHT preserved by the Use of SPECTACLES adapted to suit every variety +of Vision by means of SMEE'S OPTOMETER, which effectually prevents Injury +to the Eyes from the Selection of Improper Glasses, and is extensively +employed by + +BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet Street, London. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous +Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light. + +Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest +Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment. + +Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this +beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street. + + * * * * * + + +IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.--J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, have, +by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal, +they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any +other hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and +appreciation of half-tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed. + +Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of +Photography. Instruction in the Art. + +THE COLLODION AND POSITIVE PAPER PROCESS. By J. B. HOCKIN. Price 1s., per +Post, 1s. 2d. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS. + +OTTEWILL AND MORGAN'S + +Manufactory, 24. & 25. Charlotte Terrace, Caledonian Road, Islington. + +OTTEWILL'S Registered Double Body Folding Camera, adapted for Landscapes or +Portraits, may be had of A. ROSS, Featherstone Buildings, Holborn; the +Photographic Institution, Bond Street; and at the Manufactory as above, +where every description of Cameras, Slides, and Tripods may be had. The +Trade supplied. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS, MATERIALS, and PURE CHEMICAL PREPARATIONS. + +KNIGHT & SONS' Illustrated Catalogue, containing Description and Price of +the best forms of Cameras and other Apparatus. Voightlander and Son's +Lenses for Portraits and Views, together with the various Materials, and +pure Chemical Preparations required in practising the Photographic Art. +Forwarded free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps. + +Instructions given in every branch of the Art. + +An extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and other Photographic Specimens. + +GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London. + + * * * * * + + + Important Sale by Auction of the whole of the remaining Copies of that + splendid National Work, known as "FINDEN'S ROYAL GALLERY OF BRITISH + ART," the engraved Plates of which will be destroyed during the + Progress of the Sale, and in the presence of the Purchasers. + +SOUTHGATE & BARRETT have received instructions from MR. HOGARTH, of the +Haymarket, to Sell by Public Auction at their Fine Art and Book Auction +Rooms, 22. Fleet Street, London, on Wednesday Evening, June 7th, and +following Evenings, + +THE WHOLE OF THE REMAINING COPIES + +Of the very Celebrated Work, known as + +FINDEN'S ROYAL GALLERY OF BRITISH ART, + +Consisting of a limited number of Artists' and other choice proofs, and the +print impressions, which are all in an exceedingly fine state. The work +consists of 48 plates, the whole of which are engraved in line by the most +eminent men in that branch of art, and the pictures selected will at once +show that the great artists--Turner, Eastlake, Landseer, Stanfield, +Webster, Roberts, Wilkie, Maclise, Mulready, and more than thirty other +British Masters, are represented by the works which established and upheld +them in public favour, and by themes which appeal to universal sympathy and +happiest affections, or which delineate the peculiar glories of our +country, and commemorate its worthiest and most honourable achievements. + +The attention of the public is also particularly directed to the fact that +ALL THE ENGRAVED PLATES from which the impressions now offered have been +taken, WILL BE DESTROYED IN THE PRESENCE OF THE PURCHASERS, at the time of +Sale. By thus securing the market from being supplied with inferior +impressions at a future time, and at a cheaper rate, the value of the +existing stock will be increased, and it will become the interest of all +who wish to possess copies of these eminent works of art, at a reduced +price, to purchase them at this Sale, which will be THE ONLY OPPORTUNITY of +obtaining them. + +Under these circumstances, therefore, SOUTHGATE & BARRETT presume to demand +for this Sale the attention of all lovers of art--the amateur, the artist, +and the public:--believing that no opportunity has ever offered so happily +calculated to promote taste and to extend knowledge, while ministering to +the purest and best enjoyments which the artist conveys to the hearts and +homes of all who covet intellectual pleasures. + +Framed Copies of the work can be seen at MR. HOGARTH'S, 5. Haymarket; +MESSRS. LLOYD, BROTHERS, & CO., 22. Ludgate Hill; and at the AUCTIONEERS, +22. Fleet Street, by whom all Communications and Commissions will be +promptly and faithfully attended to. + +*** Catalogues of the entire Sale will be forwarded on Receipt of 12 +Postage Stamps. + + * * * * * + + + Sale by Auction of the Stocks of extremely Valuable Modern Engravings, + the engraved Plates of which will be destroyed in the presence of the + Purchasers at the Time of Sale. + +SOUTHGATE & BARRETT beg to announce that they will include in their Sale by +Auction of "FINDEN'S ROYAL GALLERY," and other Valuable Works of Art of a +similar character, to take place at their Fine Art and Book Auction Rooms, +22. Fleet Street, London, on Wednesday Evening, June 7th, and Seventeen +following Evenings (Saturdays and Sundays excepted), the whole of the +STOCKS OF PROOFS AND PRINTS of the following HIGHLY IMPORTANT ENGRAVINGS, +published by MR. HOGARTH and MESSRS. LLOYD & CO. + + "Ehrenbreitstein," painted by J. M. W. Turner, R. A., engraved by John + Pye. "Ecce Homo," from the picture by Correggio, engraved by G. T. Doo. + "The Dame School," painted by T. Webster, R. A., engraved by L. Stocks. + "Eton Montem," two views illustrative of, from pictures by Evans of + Eton, engraved by Charles Lewis. "Portrait of Mrs. Elizabeth Fry," + engraved by Samuel Cousins, A.R.A., from a picture by George Richmond. + "Portraits of eminent Persons," by George Richmond and C. Baugniet. + "Portrait of W. C. Macready, Esq., as Werner," painted by D. Maclise, + R. A., engraved by Sharpe. Flowers of German Art, a series of 20 plates + by the most eminent engravers. Cranstone's Fugitive Etchings, 17 + plates. Turner and Girtin's River Scenery, 30 plates. "Cottage Piety," + painted by Thomas Faed, engraved by Henry Lemon (unpublished). "See + Saw," painted by T. Webster, R. A., engraved by Holl (unpublished). + "Village Pastor," painted by W. P. Frith, R. A., engraved by Holl. "The + Immaculate Conception," painted by Guido, engraved in line by W. H. + Watt. "Harvey demonstrating to Charles the First his Theory of the + Circulation of the Blood," painted by Hannah, engraved by Lemon. "The + Origin of Music," painted by Selous, engraved by Wass. "The First + Step," painted by Faed, engraved by Sharpe. "The Prize Cartoons," + published by Messrs. Longmans & Co. And numerous other highly + interesting and valuable works of Art. + +ALL THE ENGRAVED PLATES of the above-mentioned engravings WILL BE DESTROYED +in the presence of the purchasers at the time of sale, which will thereby +secure to the purchasers the same advantages as are mentioned in the +advertisement given above, of the sale of the remaining copies of "Finden's +Royal Gallery." + +Framed Impressions of each of the plates can be seen at MR. HOGARTH'S, 5. +Haymarket; at MESSRS. LLOYD, BROTHERS, & CO., 22. Ludgate Hill; and at the +AUCTIONEERS, 22. Fleet Street, by whom all communications and commissions +will be promptly and faithfully attended to. + +*** Catalogues of the entire sale will be forwarded on receipt of 12 +Postage Stamps. + + * * * * * + + + The very extensive, highly important, and extremely choice Stock of + MODERN ENGLISH AND FOREIGN ENGRAVINGS, WATER-COLOUR DRAWINGS, and + expensive Books of Prints, of MR. HOGARTH of the Haymarket. + +SOUTHGATE & BARRETT will Sell by Auction at their Fine Art and Book Auction +Rooms, 22. Fleet Street, on Wednesday Evening, June 7th, and Seventeen +following Evenings (Saturdays and Sundays excepted), in the same sale as +the "FINDEN'S ROYAL GALLERY OF BRITISH ART," this extremely valuable and +highly interesting Stock. Amongst the ENGRAVINGS will be found in the BEST +STATES OF ARTISTS' and other CHOICE PROOFS, nearly all the popular plates +that have been published during the last quarter of a century; also an +Important Collection of Foreign Line Engravings in the best states; a large +variety of Portraits and other subjects after Sir Joshua Reynolds, some +very rare; an extensive series of prints by Hogarth, in early proofs, and +with curious variations; a most complete series of artists' proofs of the +works of George Cruikshank, including nearly all his early productions, +many unique; a number of scarce Old Prints, and a series in fine states by +Sir Robert Strange. The Stock is peculiarly rich in the works of J. M. W. +Turner, R. A., and comprises artists' proofs and the choicest states of all +his important productions, and matchless copies of the England and Wales +and Southern Coast. The Collection of HIGH-CLASS WATER-COLOUR DRAWINGS +consists of examples of the most eminent artists (particularly some +magnificent specimens by J. M. W. Turner), as well as a great variety of +the early English School, and some by the Ancient Masters; also a most +interesting Collection by Members of the Sketching Society. Of the Modern +School are examples by-- + + Absolon | Lewis, J. + Austin | Liverseege + Barrett | Maclise + Cattermole | Muller + Collins | Nesfield + Fielding, C. | Prout + Holland | Tayler, F. + Hunt | Uwins + Landseer, E. | Webster + Leslie | Wilkie + +Catalogues of the entire Sale will be forwarded on receipt of 12 postage +stamps, and all communications and commissions promptly and faithfully +attended to. + +22. Fleet Street, London. + + * * * * * + + +{508} + +WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY. + +3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. + +Founded A.D. 1842. + + _Directors._ + + H. E. Bicknell, Esq. | T. Grissell, Esq. + T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P. | J. Hunt, Esq. + G. H. Drew, Esq. | J. A. Lethbridge, Esq. + W. Evans, Esq. | E. Lucas, Esq. + W. Freeman, Esq. | J. Lys Seager, Esq. + F. Fuller, Esq. | J. B. White, Esq. + J. H. Goodhart, Esq. | J. Carter Wood, Esq. + + _Trustees._--W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell, + Esq. + _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D. + _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross. + +VALUABLE PRIVILEGE. + +POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary +difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to +suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in +the Prospectus. + +Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in +three-fourths of the Profits:-- + + Age L s. d. | Age L s. d. + 17 1 14 4 | 32 2 10 8 + 22 1 18 8 | 37 2 18 6 + 27 2 4 5 | 42 3 8 2 + +ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary. + +Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions, +INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING +SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in +the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a +Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR +SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. +Parliament Street, London. + + * * * * * + + +BANK OF DEPOSIT. No. 3. Pall Mall East, and 7. St. Martin's Place, +Trafalgar Square, London. + +_Established_ A.D. 1844. + +INVESTMENT ACCOUNTS may be opened daily, with capital of any amount. + +Interest payable in January and July. + + PETER MORRISON. + Managing Director. + +Prospectuses and Forms sent free on application. + + * * * * * + + +BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class X., +in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates, +may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made +Patent Levers, 17, 15 and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4 +guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. +Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with +Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket +Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully +examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and +4l. Thermometers from 1s. each. + +BENNETT. Watch, Clock and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the +Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen, + +65. CHEAPSIDE. + + * * * * * + + +CHUBB'S LOCKS, with all the recent improvements. Strong fire-proof safes, +cash and deed boxes. Complete lists of sizes and prices may be had on +application. + + CHUBB & SON, 57. St. Paul's Churchyard, London; 28. Lord Street, + Liverpool; 16. Market Street, Manchester; and Horseley Fields, + Wolverhampton. + + * * * * * + + +PIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas each.--D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square +(established A.D. 1785), sole manufacturers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25 +guineas each. Every instrument warranted. The peculiar advantages of these +pianofortes arec best described in the following professional testimonial, +signed by the majority of the leading musicians of the age:--"We, the +undersigned members of the musical profession, having carefully examined +the Royal Pianofortes manufactured by MESSRS. D'ALMAINE & CO., have great +pleasure in bearing testimony to their merits and capabilities. It appears +to us impossible to produce instruments of the same size possessing a +richer and finer tone, more elastic touch, or more equal temperament, while +the elegance of their construction renders them a handsome ornament for the +library, boudoir, or drawing-room. (Signed) J. L. Abel, F. Benedict, H. R. +Bishop, J. Blewitt, J. Brizzi, T. P. Chipp, P. Delavanti, C. H. Dolby, +E. F. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen Glover, Henri Herz, E. Harrison, H. F. +Hasse, J. L. Hatton, Catherine Hayes, W. H. Holmes, W. Kuhe, G. F. +Kiallmark, E. Land, G. Lanza, Alexander Lee, A. Leffler, E. J. Loder, W. H. +Montgomery, S. Nelson, G. A. Osborne, John Parry, H. Panofka, Henry +Phillips, F. Praegar, E. F. Rimbault, Frank Romer, G. H. Rodwell, E. +Rockel, Sims Reeves, J. Templeton, F. Weber, H. Westrop, T. H. Wright," &c. + +D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square. Lists and Designs Gratis. + + * * * * * + + +Patronised by the Royal Family. + +TWO THOUSAND POUNDS for any person producing Articles superior to the +following: + +THE HAIR RESTORED AND GREYNESS PREVENTED. + +BEETHAM'S CAPILLARY FLUID is acknowledged to be the most effectual article +for Restoring the Hair in Baldness, strengthening when weak and fine, +effectually preventing falling or turning grey, and for restoring its +natural colour without the use of dye. The rich glossy appearance it +imparts is the admiration of every person. Thousands have experienced its +astonishing efficacy. Bottles 2s. 6d.; double size, 4s. 6d.; 7s. 6d. equal +to 4 small; 11s. to 6 small; 21s. to 13 small. The most perfect beautifier +ever invented. + +SUPERFLUOUS HAIR REMOVED. + +BEETHAM'S VEGETABLE EXTRACT does not cause pain or injury to the skin. Its +effect is unerring, and it is now patronised by royalty and hundreds of the +first families. Bottles, 5s. + +BEETHAM'S PLASTER is the only effectual remover of Corns and Bunions. It +also reduces enlarged Great Toe Joints in an astonishing manner. If space +allowed, the testimony of upwards of twelve thousand individuals, during +the last five years, might be inserted. Packets, 1s.; Boxes, 2s. 6d. Sent +Free by BEETHAM, Chemist, Cheltenham, for 14 or 36 Post Stamps. + + Sold by PRING, 30. Westmorland Street; JACKSON, 9. Westland Row; BEWLEY + & EVANS, Dublin; GOULDING, 108. Patrick Street, Cork; BARRY, 9. Main + Street, Kinsale; GRATTAN, Belfast; MURDOCK, BROTHERS, Glasgow; DUNCAN & + FLOCKHART, Edinburgh. SANGER, 150. Oxford Street; PROUT, 229. Strand; + KEATING, St. Paul's Churchyard; SAVORY & MOORE, Bond Street; HANNAY, + 63. Oxford Street; London. All Chemists and Perfumers will procure + them. + + * * * * * + + +PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION. + +THE EXHIBITION OF PHOTOGRAPHS, by the most eminent English and Continental +Artists, is OPEN DAILY from Ten till Five. Free Admission. + + L s. d. + A Portrait by Mr. Talbot's Patent + Process 1 1 0 + Additional Copies (each) 0 5 0 + A Coloured Portrait, highly finished + (small size) 3 3 0 + A Coloured Portrait, highly finished + (larger size) 5 5 0 + +Miniatures, Oil Paintings, Water-Colour, and Chalk Drawings, Photographed +and Coloured in imitation of the Originals. Views of Country Mansions, +Churches, &c., taken at a short notice. + +Cameras, Lenses, and all the necessary Photographic Apparatus and +Chemicals, are supplied, tested, and guaranteed. + +Gratuitous Instruction is given to Purchasers of Sets of Apparatus. + +PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION, +168. New Bond Street. + + * * * * * + + +ROSS & SONS' INSTANTANEOUS HAIR DYE, without Smell, the best and cheapest +extant.--ROSS & SONS have several private apartments devoted entirely to +Dyeing the Hair, and particularly request a visit, especially from the +incredulous, as they will undertake to dye a portion of their hair, without +charging, of any colour required, from the lightest brown to the darkest +black, to convince them of its effect. + +Sold in cases at 3s. 6d., 5s. 6d., 12s., 15s., and 20s. each case. Likewise +wholesale to the Trade by the pint, quart, or gallon. + + Address, ROSS & SONS, 119. and 120. Bishopsgate Street, Six Doors from + Cornhill, London. + + * * * * * + + +HEAL & SON'S SPRING MATTRESSES.--The most durable Bedding is a well-made +SPRING MATTRESS; it retains its elasticity, and will wear longer without +repair than any other mattress, and with _one_ French Wool and Hair +Mattress on it is a most luxurious Bed. HEAL & SON make them in three +varieties. For prices of the different sizes and qualities, apply for HEAL +& SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, and priced LIST OF BEDDING. It +contains designs and prices of upwards of 100 Bedsteads, and prices of +every description of Bedding, and is sent free by Post. + +HEAL & SON, 196. Tottenham Court Road. + + * * * * * + + +ALLSOPP'S PALE or BITTER ALE.--MESSERS. S. ALLSOPP & SONS beg to inform the +TRADE that they are now registering Orders for the March Brewings of their +PALE ALE in Casks of 18 Gallons and upwards, at the BREWERY, +Burton-on-Trent; and at the under-mentioned Branch Establishments: + + LONDON, at 61. King William Street, City. + LIVERPOOL, at Cook Street. + MANCHESTER, at Ducie Place. + DUDLEY, at the Burnt Tree. + GLASGOW, at 115. St. Vincent Street. + DUBLIN, at 1. Crampton Quay. + BIRMINGHAM, at Market Hall. + SOUTH WALES, at 13. King Street, Bristol. + +MESSRS. ALLSOPP & SONS take the opportunity of announcing to PRIVATE +FAMILIES that the ALES, so strongly recommended by the Medical Profession, +may be procured in DRAUGHT and BOTTLES GENUINE from all the most +RESPECTABLE LICENSED VICTUALLERS, on "ALLSOPP'S PALE ALE" being specially +asked for. + +When in bottle the genuineness of the label can be ascertained by its +having "ALLSOPP & SONS" written across it. + + * * * * * + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish of +St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. +Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. +Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of +London, Publisher at No. 186 Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, May 27, +1854. + + * * * * * + + +Corrections made to printed original. + +page 492, article Numbers, "and so on": 'and so one' in original. + +page 496, article Athens, "some verses recorded by Plutarch": 'versus' in +original. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 239, May 27, +1854, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, MAY 27, 1854 *** + +***** This file should be named 31690.txt or 31690.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/1/6/9/31690/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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