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+Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 239, May 27, 1854, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 239, May 27, 1854
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc
+
+Author: Various
+
+Other: George Bell
+
+Release Date: March 18, 2010 [EBook #31690]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, MAY 27, 1854 ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+https://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they
+are listed at the end of the text.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{485}
+
+NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+No. 239.]
+SATURDAY, MAY 27. 1854.
+[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+  NOTES:--                                                    Page
+  Reprints of Early Bibles, by the Rev. R. Hooper, M.A.        487
+  Marriage Licence of John Gower, the Poet, by W. H. Gunner    487
+  Aska or Asca                                                 488
+  Legends of the County Clare, by Francis Robert Davies        490
+  Archaic Words                                                491
+
+  MINOR NOTES:--Inscriptions on Buildings--Epitaphs--Numbers--
+  Celtic Language--Illustration of Longfellow: "God's Acre"    492
+
+  QUERIES:--
+  John Locke                                                   493
+
+  MINOR QUERIES:--"The Village Lawyer"--Richard Plantagenet,
+  Earl of Cambridge--Highland Regiment--Ominous Storms--Edward
+  Fitzgerald--Boyle Family--Inn Signs--Demoniacal Descent of
+  the Plantagenets--Anglo-Saxon Graves--Robert Brown the
+  Separatist--Commissions issued by Charles I. at Oxford       493
+
+  MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Hogmanay--Longfellow's
+  "Hyperion"--Sir Hugh Myddelton--Sangarede--Salubrity of
+  Hallsal, near Ormskirk, Lancashire--Athens--James Miller     495
+
+  REPLIES:--
+  Brydone, by Lord Monson                                      496
+  Coleridge's Unpublished MSS., by C. Mansfield Ingleby        496
+  Mr. Justice Talfourd and Dr. Beattie                         497
+  Russian "Te Deum," by T. J. Buckton, &c.                     498
+  Artesian Wells, by Henry Stephens, &c.                       499
+  Dog-whippers                                                 499
+  Cephas, a Binder, and not a Rock, by T. J. Buckton, &c.      500
+  Whittington's Stone                                          501
+
+  PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Photographic Experience--
+  Conversion of Calotype Negatives into Positives--Albumenized
+  Paper                                                        501
+
+  REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Table-turning--Female Dress--
+  Office of Sexton held by one Family--Lyra's Commentary--
+  Blackguard--"Atonement"--Bible of 1527--Shrove Tuesday--
+  Milton's Correspondence--"Verbatim et literatim"--Epigrams   502
+
+  MISCELLANEOUS:--
+  Notes on Books, &c.                                          504
+  Books and Odd Volumes Wanted                                 505
+  Notices to Correspondents                                    505
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+On June 1, in One Large Volume, super-royal 8vo., price 2l. 12s. 6d. cloth
+lettered.
+
+CYCLOPAEDIA BIBLIOGRAPHICA: A Library Manual of Theological and General
+Literature, and Guide to Books for Authors, Preachers, Students and
+Literary Men, Analytical, Bibliographical, and Biographical. By JAMES
+DARLING.
+
+A PROSPECTUS, with Specimens and Critical Notices, sent Free on Receipt of
+a Postage Stamp.
+
+London: JAMES DARLING, 81. Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+TO LITERARY MEN, PUBLISHERS, AND OTHERS.
+
+MESSRS. HOPPER & CO., Record Agents, &c., beg to acquaint the Literary
+World, that they undertake Searches among, and Transcripts from, the Public
+Records, or other Ancient MSS., Translations from the Norman-French, Latin,
+and other Documents, &c.
+
+*** MSS. bought, sold, or valued.
+
+4. SOUTHAMPTON STREET, CAMDEN TOWN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE ORIGINAL QUADRILLES, composed for the PIANO FORTE by MRS. AMBROSE
+MERTON.
+
+London: Published for the Proprietor, and may be had of C. LONSDALE, 26.
+Old Bond Street; and by Order of all Music Sellers.
+
+PRICE THREE SHILLINGS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Now ready, No. VII. (for May), price 2s. 6d., published Quarterly.
+
+RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW (New Series); consisting of Criticisms upon, Analyses
+of, and Extracts from, Curious, Useful, Valuable, and Scarce Old Books.
+
+Vol I., 8vo., pp. 436, cloth 10s. 6d., is also ready.
+
+JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+This Day, with Woodcuts, fcp. 8vo., 5s.
+
+THE OLD PRINTER AND THE MODERN PRESS, in relation to the important subject
+of CHEAP POPULAR LITERATURE. By CHARLES KNIGHT.
+
+Also, by the same Author, 2 vols. fcp. 8vo., 10s.
+
+ONCE UPON A TIME.
+
+    "The old bees die, the young possess the hive."--_Shakspeare._
+
+    "They relate to all manner of topics--old folks, old manners, old
+    books; and take them all in all, they make up as charming a pair of
+    volumes as we have seen for many a long day."--_Fraser's Magazine._
+
+    "'Once upon a Time' is worth possessing."--_Examiner._
+
+    "This varied, pleasant, and informing collection of
+    Essays."--_Spectator._
+
+    "Mr. Charles Knight's entertaining little work is full of various
+    knowledge agreeably told."--_Quarterly Review._
+
+    "This pleasant gallery of popular antiquarianism."--_John Bull._
+
+JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NEW WORK BY SIR DAVID BREWSTER.
+
+This Day, fcp. 8vo., 6s.
+
+MORE WORLDS THAN ONE; the CREED of the PHILOSOPHER and the HOPE of the
+CHRISTIAN. by SIR DAVID BREWSTER.
+
+JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+NEW WORK BY DEAN MILMAN.
+
+Now ready, Vols. I. to III., 8vo., 36s.
+
+HISTORY OF LATIN CHRISTIANITY, including that of THE POPES to the
+PONTIFICATE of NICHOLAS V. By HENRY HART MILMAN, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's.
+
+JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ART AND ARTISTS IN ENGLAND.
+
+Now ready, 3 vols. 8vo., 36s.
+
+THE TREASURES OF ART IN GREAT BRITAIN. Being an Account of the Chief
+Collections of Paintings, Sculptures, MSS., &c., in this Country. By DR.
+WAAGEN, Director of the Royal Gallery of Pictures at Berlin.
+
+JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+MURRAY'S RAILWAY READING.
+
+Now ready, 2 vols. fcap. 8vo., 8s.
+
+ESSAYS FROM "THE TIMES:" Being a Selection from the Literary Papers which
+have appeared in that Journal, reprinted by permission.
+
+        CONTENTS:
+          Vol. I.
+  Nelson and Lady Hamilton.
+  Railway Novels.
+  Louis-Philippe and his Family.
+  John Howard.
+  Drama of the French Revolution.
+  Lord Holland's Reminiscences.
+  Robert Southey.
+  Dean Swift--Stella and Vanessa.
+  Reminiscences of Coleridge.
+  John Keats.
+  Grote's History of Greece.
+  Literature of the Rail.
+
+          Vol. II.
+  Lord Coke.
+  Discoveries at Nineveh.
+  Lord Mansfield.
+  Lion Hunting in Africa.
+  Jeremy Taylor.
+  Lord Clarendon and his Friends.
+  John Sterling.
+  Autobiography of a Chartist.
+  Americans in England.
+  Francis Chantrey.
+  Career of Lord Langdale.
+  Afghanistan.
+  The Greek Revolution.
+  Dickens and Thackeray.
+
+*** Each Volume may be had separately.
+
+JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{486}
+
+JUST PUBLISHED,
+
+Price 11s. to Non-Members.
+
+The TWENTY-SEVENTH VOLUME of the SURTEES SOCIETY PUBLICATIONS, being THE
+PONTIFICAL OF EGBERT, ARCHBISHOP OF YORK, A.D. 732-766. Now first published
+from a MS. of the Tenth Century in the Imperial Library, Paris.
+
+The other Publications of the SOCIETY are as under:
+
+I.
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+REGINALDI Monachi Dunelmensis Libellus de Admirandis BEATI CUTHBERTI
+Virtutibus. 15s.
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+II.
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+WILLS and INVENTORIES, illustrative of the History, Manners, Language,
+Statistics, &c., of the Northern Counties of England, from the Eleventh
+Century downwards. [Chiefly from the Registry at Durham.] 15s.
+
+III.
+
+The TOWNELEY MYSTERIES. 15s.
+
+IV.
+
+TESTAMENTA EBORACENSIA; Wills illustrative of the History, Manners,
+Language, Statistics, &c., of the Province of York, from 1300 downwards.
+15s.
+
+V.
+
+SANCTUARIUM DUNELMENSE et SANCTUARIUM BEVERLACENSE; or Registers of the
+Sanctuaries of Durham and Beverley. 15s.
+
+VI.
+
+THE CHARTERS OF ENDOWMENT, Inventories and Account Rolls of the PRIORY of
+FINCHALE, in the County of Durham. 15s.
+
+VII.
+
+CATALOGI Veteres Librorum ECCLESIAE CATHEDRALIS DUNELM. Catalogues of the
+Library of Durham Cathedral, at various periods, from the Conquest to the
+Dissolution, including Catalogues of the Library of the Abbey of Hulne, and
+of the MSS. preserved in the Library of Bishop Cosin, at Durham. 10s.
+
+VIII.
+
+MISCELLANEA BIOGRAPHICA. Lives of Oswin, King of Northumberland; Two Lives
+of Cuthbert, Bishop of Lindisfarne; and a Life of Eata, Bishop of Hexham.
+10s.
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+IX.
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+Historiae Dunelmensis Scriptores Tres. GAUFRIDUS de COLDINGHAM, ROBERTUS de
+GRAYSTANES, et WILLIELMUS de CHAMBRE, with the omissions and mistakes in
+Wharton's Edition supplied and corrected, and an Appendix of 665 original
+Documents, in illustration of the Text. 15s.
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+RITUALE ECCLESIAE DUNELMENSIS; a Latin Ritual of the Ninth Century, with an
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+
+JORDAN FANTOSME'S ANGLO-NORMAN CHRONICLE of the War between the English and
+the Scots in 1173 and 1174, with a Translation, Notes, &c., by Francisque
+Michel, F.S.A. London and Edinburgh. 15s.
+
+XII.
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+Correspondence, Inventories, Account Rolls, and Law Proceedings of the
+PRIORY OF COLDINGHAM. 15s.
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+10s.
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+
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+Elizabeth to the Court of Scotland. 15s.
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+
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+and CUSTOMS belonging to, or being within, the MONASTICAL CHURCH OF DURHAM,
+before the Suppression. Written in 1593. 10s.
+
+XVI.
+
+ANGLO-SAXON and EARLY ENGLISH PSALTER, now first published from MSS. in the
+British Museum. Vol. I. 15s.
+
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+
+The Correspondence of DR. MATTHEW HUTTON, Archbishop of York. With a
+Selection from the Letters of Sir Timothy Hutton, Knt., his Son, and
+Matthew Hutton, Esq., his Grandson. 15s.
+
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+
+The DURHAM HOUSEHOLD BOOK; or, the Accounts of the Bursar of the Monastery
+of Durham from 1530 to 1534. 15s.
+
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+
+ANGLO-SAXON and EARLY ENGLISH PSALTER. Vol. II. 15s.
+
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+
+Libellus de Vita et Miraculis S. GODRICI, Heremitae de FINCHALE, auctore
+REGINALDO Monacho Dunelmensi. 15s.
+
+XXI.
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+ECCLESIASTICAL PROCEEDINGS, from the Court of Durham, extending from 1311
+to the Reign of Elizabeth. 15s.
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+XXII.
+
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+Bishop of Durham (1577-1587). 25s.
+
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+
+The ANGLO-SAXON HYMNARIUM, from MSS. of the XIth Century, in Durham, the
+British Museum, &c. 25s.
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+XXIV.
+
+The MEMOIR OF MR. SURTEES, by the late George Taylor, Esq. Reprinted from
+the Fourth Volume of the History of Durham, with additional Notes and
+Illustrations, together with an Appendix, comprising some of Mr. Surtees'
+Correspondence, Poetry, &c. 16s.
+
+XXV.
+
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+
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+
+WILLS and INVENTORIES, illustrative of the History, Manners, Language,
+Statistics, &c., of the Counties of York, Westmoreland, and Lancaster, from
+the Fourteenth Century downwards. (From the Registry at Richmond.)
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Published for the SOCIETY by GEORGE ANDREWS, Bookseller, Durham; WHITTAKER
+& Co., 13. Ave Maria Lane, London; T. & W. BOONE, 29. New Bond Street,
+London; and WILLIAM BLACKWOOD & SONS, Edinburgh; from whom they may be
+procured through any Bookseller in Town or Country.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+London Homoeopathic Hospital.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ARRANGEMENT
+
+FOR
+
+_THE CONVERSAZIONE_,
+
+at the
+
+HANOVER SQUARE ROOMS,
+
+On TUESDAY, May 30, 1854.
+
+The Rooms will be open at Eight o'clock.
+
+A SELECTION OF MUSIC
+
+(By the Band of the Royal Regiment of Horse Guards)
+
+WILL BE PERFORMED DURING THE EVENING.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+In the Rooms will be Exhibited Specimens of--
+
+Electroplate, by Messrs. F. Elkington.
+
+China and Statuettes, by Mr. Alderman Copeland.
+
+Bronzes, by Messrs. Jackson & Graham.
+
+Fine Arts in Electroplating, Metallurgy, &c., by Mr. Charles Elkington &
+Co.
+
+Etruscan Vases, by Messrs. Battam & Co.
+
+Papier Mache, by Messrs. Jennens & Bettridge.
+
+Stamped Leather, by Mr. Leake.
+
+Lace, by M. Brie.
+
+Wax Models, by M. Montanari.
+
+Artificial Flowers, by Mr. Hill.
+
+Leather Carving, by Mr. Sandars.
+
+Cromo-Lithography, by Messrs. Hahnhart & Son.
+
+Porcelain and Parian, by Messrs. Alcock.
+
+Scientific Models, by Messrs. Watkins & Hill.
+
+And many other Objects of Novelty and Interest.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FINE ARTS.
+
+PAINTINGS.--By Messrs. Knight, R.A., Uwins, R.A., Cope, R.A., the late W.
+Etty, R.A. and DRAWINGS by John Hayter, Hunt, D. Cox, John Lewis, Bright,
+Frederick Tayler, Collingwood Smith, Richardson, Mueller, Vacher,
+D'Egville, Callam, Rowbotham, &c., Essex (Enamels), Faed (Engravings),
+etc., etc.
+
+SCULPTURE.--By Messrs. Behnes, Calder Marshall, Matthew Noble, &c., &c.
+
+MICROSCOPES.--By Messrs. Smith & Beck, Pillischer, Topping, Varly, Salmon,
+Ladd, and by Members of the Microscopic Society.
+
+STEREOSCOPES, DAGUERROTYPES, AND PHOTOGRAPHS.--By Messrs. Beard, Bland, and
+Long, Claudet, Dickenson, Duppa, Horne, Thornthwaite & Co., Kilburn, Ladd,
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+Photographic Drawings by eminent Amateurs.
+
+Tickets may be had at the Hospital, 32. Golden Square; of Messrs. Aylott &
+Jones, Paternoster Row; Mr. Bailliere, 219. Regent Street; Mr. Headland,
+15. Princes Street, Hanover Square; Mr. Leath, Vere Street, Cavendish
+Square, and St. Paul's Churchyard; Mr. Walker, Conduit Street; Mr. James
+Epps, Great Russell Street, Bloomsbury Square, and Broad Street, City; Mr.
+Turner, Piccadilly, Manchester; Mr. Thompson, Liverpool; and at all the
+Homoeopathic Chemists and Booksellers.
+
+Single Tickets, 7s. 6d.; Family Tickets to admit Four, 1l. 4s.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{487}
+
+_LONDON, SATURDAY, MAY 27, 1854._
+
+Notes.
+
+REPRINTS OF EARLY BIBLES.
+
+In 1833 the authorities of the Clarendon Press put forth a quarto reprint,
+word for word, page for page, and letter for letter, of the _first_ large
+black-letter folio edition of 1611, of the present authorised or Royal
+version of the Bible. So accurate was it, that even manifest errors of the
+press were retained. It was published that the reader might judge whether
+the original standard could still be exactly followed. It was accompanied
+by a collation with a _smaller_ black-letter folio of 1613, in preference
+to the larger folio of that year, as no two copies (entire) of the latter
+could be found, all the sheets of which corresponded precisely:
+
+    "Many of these copies contain sheets belonging, as may clearly be
+    proved, to editions of more recent date; and even those which appear to
+    be still as they were originally published, are made up partly from the
+    edition printed at the time, and partly from the remains of earlier
+    impressions."
+
+Now this is a most interesting subject to all lovers of our dear old
+English Bible. It is supposed the translators revised their work for the
+1613 edition (after two years); yet the collation with the _small_ folio of
+that year, shows little or no improvement, rather the contrary. I possess a
+small quarto edition of 1613 (black-letter, by Barker), not mentioned by
+our more eminent bibliographers, which, while admitting the better
+corrections, adheres to the old 1611 folio, where the _small_ folio of 1613
+unnecessarily deviates. It is certainly, I consider, a most valuable
+impression. I have lately purchased a magnificent copy of the _great_ folio
+of 1613. It is in the original thick oak binding, with huge brass clasps,
+corners, and bosses; and appears to have been chained to a reading-desk. In
+collating it, I find a sheet or two in 1 Samuel and St. Matthew most
+carefully supplied from an earlier impression. The titles both to the Old
+and New Testaments are exactly the same as those of the folio 1611, with
+the exception of the date 1613 for 1611. It has been gloriously used, and
+the imagination revels in the thought of the eyes and hearts that must have
+been blessed by its perusal. I am not sufficiently conversant with our
+earlier translations to identify, without reference, the sheets of the
+inserted edition, and I have not time to refer. I may only say that there
+is a most quaint woodcut of little David slinging a stone at the giant
+Goliath. A slight collation of Genesis shows me this large edition agrees
+in corrections with the small one the Clarendon Press authorities used,
+though my quarto 1613 differs, adhering, as I said before, more closely to
+the original standard of 1611. I would put a Query or two to your many
+readers.
+
+1. Was the great folio 1613 ever published entire, or are the sheets I have
+indicated supplied in every known copy, some from earlier, some from later,
+impressions? 2. Is it an established fact, that the translators revised
+their work in 1613? 3. What is the small quarto of 1613 I have mentioned?
+
+Lastly, would it not be an interesting enterprise to reprint our various
+translations of the holy volume in a cheap and uniform series, like the
+Parker Society published the Liturgy? A society might be formed by
+subscription to support such an object. We might have Coverdale's,
+Matthews', Cranmer's, Taverner's, the Geneva (1560), the Bishops'
+(Parker's, 1568), and the noble authorised (Royal 1611), with their
+variations noted. I cannot see any harm would arise; and surely it might
+give an impulse to that noblest of all studies, the study of God's Word.
+What grander volume for simplicity and elegance of language, for true
+Anglo-Saxon idiom, than our present venerated translation? What book that
+could interest more than Cranmer's Great Bible of 1539, from whence our
+familiar Prayer-Book version of the Psalms is taken? It would give me
+heartfelt pleasure to contribute my humble efforts in such a cause.
+
+RICHARD HOOPER, M.A.
+
+St. Stephen's, Westminster.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MARRIAGE LICENCE OF JOHN GOWER THE POET.
+
+The following special licence of marriage extracted from the Register of
+William of Wykeham, preserved in the registry at Winchester, is a curious
+document in itself; but if, as there is much reason for supposing, the
+person on whose behalf it was granted was no less a man than the
+illustrious poet--the "moral Gower"--the interest attached to it is very
+much enhanced: and for this reason I am desirous of giving it publicity
+through the columns of "N. & Q."--a fit place for recording such pieces of
+information, relating to the lives of men eminent in the annals of
+literature. I have not been able to find any notice of the marriage of John
+Gower in the books to which I have been able to refer; and, though it may
+be perhaps an event of little importance, it is one which a faithful
+biographer would never omit to mention. The document is as follows:
+
+    "Willelmus permissione divina Wyntoniensis Episcopus, dilecto in
+    Christo filio, domino Willelmo, capellano parochiali ecclesiae S.
+    Mariae Magdalenae in Suthwerk, nostrae diocesis, salutem, gratiam, et
+    benedictionem. Ut matrimonium inter Joannem Gower et Agnetem Groundolf
+    dictae ecclesiae parochianos sine ulteriore bannorum editione, dumtamen
+    aliud canonicum non obsistat, extra ecclesiam parochialem, in {488}
+    Oratorio ipsius Joannis Gower infra hospicium cum in prioratu B. Mariae
+    de Overee in Suthwerk praedicta situatum, solempnizare valeas licenciam
+    tibi tenore praesentium, quatenus ad nos attinet, concedimus specialem.
+    In cujus rei testimonium sigillum nostrum fecimus his apponi. Dat. in
+    manerio nostro de alta clera vicesimo quinto die mensis Januarii, A.D.
+    1397, et nostrae consecrationis 31mo."
+
+The connexion of the poet Gower with the priory of St. Mary Overy is well
+known; as well as his munificence in contributing very largely to the
+reconstruction of the church of the priory, in which he also founded a
+chantry, and where his tomb still exists. It would appear from this
+document, that he actually resided within the priory.
+
+This marriage must have taken place late in his life. The year of his birth
+is unknown. He is said to have been somewhat older than Chaucer, the date
+of whose birth is also uncertain; there being some grounds for assigning it
+to 1328, others, perhaps more satisfactory, for fixing it 1345. If the
+latter be correct, and if we allow for the disparity of age, we may suppose
+Gower to have been somewhere between fifty-five and sixty years of age at
+the time of his marriage with Agnes Groundolf.
+
+W. H. GUNNER.
+
+Winchester.
+
+    [A reference to the will of Gower, which is printed in Todd's
+    _Illustrations of Gower and Chaucer_, p. 87. et seq., confirms the
+    accuracy of our correspondent's inference, that this is the marriage
+    licence of the poet, inasmuch as it shows that the Christian name of
+    Gower's wife was Agnes.--ED. "N. & Q."]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ASKA OR ASCA.
+
+Throughout North America this dissyllable is found terminating names in
+localities, occupied at the present day by Indian tribes speaking very
+different languages; and, in these languages, with the exception of such
+names, few analogous sounds exist. There are, besides, names terminating in
+_esco_, _isco_, _isca_, _escaw_, _uscaw_, which, perhaps, may be placed in
+the same category, being only accidental variations of _aska_, arising from
+a difference of ear in those who first heard them pronounced by a native
+tongue.
+
+Are these names vernacular in any of the modern Indian languages? and, if
+so, what is their real meaning? I propound these questions for solution by
+any of the gentlemen at Fort Chepewyan, Norway House, &c. (since, no doubt,
+"N. & Q." penetrates the Far West as well as the Far East), who may feel an
+interest in the subject.
+
+Apparently, they have been imposed by a people who occupied the whole
+continent from sea to sea, as they occur from Hudson's Bay to Yucatan, and
+from the Pacific to the Atlantic.
+
+Were the American nations originally of one tongue? Humboldt, Du Ponceau,
+and others have remarked that striking analogies of grammatical
+construction exist in all American languages, from the Eskimo to the
+Fuegian, although differing entirely in their roots. Dr. Prichard says,--
+
+    "There are peculiarities in the very nature of the American languages
+    which are likely to produce great variety in words, and to obliterate
+    in a comparatively short period the traces of resemblance."--_Phys.
+    Hist._ &c., vol. v. p. 317.
+
+It may be only a curious coincidence, but it is undoubtedly true, that,
+with scarcely one exception, all names (we might almost say _words_) so
+terminating are more or less connected with water. The exception (if it
+really be one) is _Masca_, which I have found among my old notes, followed
+by the word _Montagne_; but nothing more, and I have forgotten all about
+it.
+
+For the rest, the varieties in isca, &c., spoken of before, are chiefly to
+be found in the northern countries, towards Hudson's and James' Bay, &c.,
+where the present spoken languages are the Eskimo or Karalit, the Cree, and
+the Montagnard dialect of the Algonkin, viz. Agomisca, island in James'
+Bay; Meminisca, lake on Albany River; Nemiskau, a lake; Pasquamisco, on
+James' Bay; then, Keenwapiscaw, lake; Naosquiscaw, ditto; Nepiscaw, ditto;
+Camipescaw, ditto; Caniapuscaw, ditto and river: the last five lie between
+the head waters of the Saguenay and the bottom of James' Bay.
+
+Again, beginning at the extreme west, we find Oonalaska, or Agoun Aliaska,
+or (according to the natives) Nagoun Alaska, an island abounding in fine
+springs and rivulets. Nor should I omit another of the Aleutian islands,
+called Kiska.
+
+Alaska, or Aliaska, a peninsula. The language in these instances is a
+branch of the Eskimo.
+
+Athabaska (Atapescow of Malte-Brun), lake and river. McKenzie says that the
+word means, in the Knistenaux language, a flat, low, swampy country, liable
+to inundations (edit. 4to., p. 122.). Here I repeat the question, is the
+word vernacular, or only adopted? In such vocabularies as I have seen,
+there is nothing bearing the slightest relationship to it. In one given by
+Dr. Latham (_Varieties of Man_, &c., pp. 208-9.), water, in the Chepewyan,
+is _tone_, and river, _tesse_.
+
+Itaska, the small lake whence the Mississippi has its origin. The languages
+prevalent in the adjacent country would be the Sioux, and the Chippeway
+branch of the Algonquino.
+
+Wapiscow, river. Language, Cree?
+
+Nebraska, "The Shallow River," said to be the name of the Platte in the
+Sioux language.
+
+Mochasko, "Always full;" another river so called in the Sioux. Query, Are
+these two vernacular? Watapan is river in that language. {489}
+
+Oanoska is a Sioux word, meaning "The Great Avenue or Stretch;" but whether
+it applies to a river I have forgotten. The quotation is from Long's
+_Expedit. to St. Peter's River_, vol. i. p 339., to which I have not access
+just now. Atamaska and Madagaska are two names of which I can give no
+account, for the same reason as stated above at Maska.
+
+Arthabaska is (or was) a very swampy township so named, lying south of the
+St Lawrence.
+
+Maskinonge (also the name of a fish) in which the sound occurs, although
+not as a termination, is a seigneurie on the north bank of the St Lawrence,
+of which the part near the river is so low that it is inundated frequently.
+A river of the same name runs through this seigneurie. Both the foregoing
+are in the country where the Iroquois language prevailed.
+
+Zoraska, or Zawraska, name of a river somewhere between Quebec and James'
+Bay, of which I know nothing more, having only heard it spoken of by
+moose-hunters. Probably it is in a country where the language would be the
+Montagnard.
+
+Yamaska, a river on the south side of the St. Lawrence, having much marshy
+ground about it, particularly near its junction with the Grand River.
+
+Kamouraska, or Camouraska, islands in the St. Lawrence below Quebec, taking
+their name from a seigneurie on the mainland; a level plain surrounded by
+hills, and dotted all over with mounds. Bouchette says,--
+
+    "D'apres la position, l'apparence, et l'exacte ressemblance de ces
+    especes d'iles en terre-firme avec celles de Camouraska, entre
+    lesquelles et le rivage le lit de la riviere est presqu'a sec a la
+    maree basse, le naturaliste sera fortement porte a croire que ce qui
+    forme a present le continent etait, a une epoque quelconque, submerge
+    par les vagues immenses du St Laurent, et que les elevations en
+    question formaient des iles, ou des rochers exposes a l'action de
+    l'eau," &c.--_Description de Bas-Canada, &c._, p. 551.
+
+There can be no doubt, if _aska_ relate to water, that this district is
+appropriately named.
+
+We may presume the language prevalent here to have been the Algonquin,
+since the inhabitants, when first visited by Europeans, were either the
+Micmac or Abenaqui, both tribes of that great family.
+
+Still further eastward, flowing from Lake Temisconata into the River St.
+John, we find the Madawaska, in a country where the language was either the
+Abenaqui, or a dialect of the Huron, said to be spoken by the Melicite
+Indians of the St. John. Aska does not occur again in this part of North
+America, as far as I call ascertain; but on looking southward it does so,
+and under similar circumstances, viz. associated with water.
+
+Tabasca, or Tobasco (for it is written both ways), a country on the borders
+of Yucatan, described by the conquerors as difficult to march through, on
+account of numerous pools of water and extensive swamps. Clavigero says the
+present name was given by the Spaniards; but I know of no Spanish word at
+all resembling it, therefore presume they must have adopted the native
+appellation. The language was, and perhaps is, the Maya.
+
+Tarasca; name of a people inhabiting the country of Mechouacan, celebrated
+for its numerous fountains of fine water. Language appears to have been
+Mexican. (See Clavigero, vol. i. p. 10., edit. 4to., Cullen's _Trans._; and
+Dr. Prichard's _Phys. Hist._, &c., vol. v. p. 340.)
+
+The mention of Tarasca reminds one of Tarascon, also written Tarasca. Two
+instances occur in the country of Celtic Gaul; both on rivers: the one on
+the Rhone, the other on the Arriege.
+
+Having for the present finished with America, one is naturally led to
+inquire whether _asca_ occurs in other parts of the world, in like manner
+associated with water. Before doing so, however, I would observe that
+Thompson, in his _Essay on Etymologies_, &c., p. 10., remarks that "The
+Gothic termination _sk_, the origin of our _ish_, the Saxon _isk_,
+signifying _assimilated_, _identified_, is used in all dialects, to the
+very shores of China," &c. He instances "Tobolsk" and "Uvalsk." If, then,
+it be true that _[=a]_ and _[=a]b_ are primitive sounds denoting water in
+many languages, may we not here have a combination of _[=a]_ and _sk_?
+
+But to proceed. Malte Brun mentions a city in Arabia called "Asca," one of
+the places sacked by the expedition under Elius Gallus (_Precis de la
+Geographie_, &c., vol. i. p. 179.). Generally speaking, Arabia is not
+abounding in waters; but that very circumstance renders celebrated, more or
+less, every locality where they do abound and are pure. The city,
+therefore, might have been notable for its walls and fountains of pure
+water.
+
+Aska is the name of a river in Japan, remarkable for its great depth, and
+for frequently changing its course (Golownin, vol. iii. p. 149.).
+
+In north-eastern Asia we find a river called after the Tongouse,
+_Tongousca_. Query, Tungouse-asca? and, following up Thompson's examples
+before mentioned, we may name Yakutsk, Irkutsk, Ochotsk, Kamtchatka, &c.,
+all intimately connected with water. Then there is Kandalask, a gulf of the
+White Sea; Tchesk, another; Kaniska-Zemblia, an island, &c. In Spain,
+Huesca is on the river Barbato. The two Gradiskas in Hungary, &c. are the
+one on the Save, the other on the Lisonzo.
+
+Zaleski (Pereslav) is seated on a lake; but Malte-Brun says the name means
+"au-dela des bois." This may or may not be the case. The sound is here, and
+in connexion with water. Pultusk is nearly surrounded by water, the Narew.
+Askersan, in Sweden, stands on a lake. Gascon, {490} says Rafinesque, means
+"beyond the sea" (_American Nations_, &c., No. 2. p. 41.).
+
+Madagascar. Curious the similarity between this name of an island and the
+American names Madagaska and Madawaska. By the way, I forgot to notice of
+this last, that Captain Levinge, in his _Echoes from the Back Woods_, &c.,
+vol. i. p. 150., derives it from Madawas (Micmac), a "porcupine;" whilst
+_The Angler in Canada_ (Lanman), p. 229., says that it means "never
+frozen," because part of the river never freezes. Which is right?
+
+Tcherkask. Every one knows that the capital of the Don Cossacks is
+eminently a water city. According to Pallas, the Circassians (Tcherkesses)
+once were located in the Crimea. They may have extended their influence to
+the Don, and the name in question may be a synthetic form of
+Tcherkesse-aska.
+
+Damasca (Latinised Damascus) is famed all over the East for its waters. The
+name of the ancient city was Damas, "Le Demechk, ou Chamel-Dimichk, des
+Orientaux" (Malte-Brun, viii. 215.).
+
+The modern city is said to be called Damas, or I Domeschk, though it seems
+more generally known as El Sham. Bryant says it was called by the natives
+_Damasec_ and _Damakir_, the latter meaning the city (Caer?) of Dams, or of
+Adama (_Mythology_, &c., vol. i. p. 69.). Can it have once been Adama, or
+Dama-asca?
+
+In Great Britain we have rivers and lakes called severally Esk, Exe or
+Isca, Axe, and Usk.
+
+Axe seems to have been written _Asca_ at one time; for Lambarde gives
+Ascanmynster as the Saxon name of Axminster. Hence, also, we may infer that
+Axholme Island was once Ascanholme. The Exe was probably Esk, _i.e._ water,
+or river: it certainly was Uske. Iska is the British Isk Latinised by
+Ptolemy; for Camden says Exeter was called by the Welsh _Caerisk_, &c. Usk
+or Uske was written _Osca_ by Gyraldo Camb. (See Lambarde.)
+
+Kyleska, or Glendha, ferry in Sutherlandshire. Kyle-aska? Kyles (Ir.), a
+frith or strait.
+
+Ask occurs frequently as the first syllable of names in England, and such
+places will be almost invariably found connected with water. Camden
+mentions a family of distinguished men in Richmondshire named Aske, from
+whom perhaps some places derive their names, as _p. ex._ the Askhams,
+Askemoore, &c. Askrigg, however, being in the neighbourhood of some
+remarkable waterfalls (Camden), may have reference to them.
+
+Now, from places let us turn to things, first noticing that _usk_, in
+modern Welsh, means river. In Irish, _uisce_ or _uiske_ is water. In Hebrew
+and Chaldee, _hisca_ is to wash or to drink. (See Introduction to
+Valancey's _Irish Dictionary_.) In the same we find _ascu_ (ancient Irish),
+a water-serpent or dog; _iasc_, fish; _easc_ (Irish), water, same as _esk_.
+Chalmers, in "Caledonia," &c., has easc or esc (Gael.), water; _easc lan_
+(Gael.), the full water.
+
+Askalabos (Greek), a newt or water reptile; and asker, askard, askel, ask,
+and esk, in provincial English, a water-newt. (See _Archaic Dictionary_.)
+
+Masca, the female sea-otter; so called by the Russians.
+
+Askalopas (Greek), a woodcock or snipe, _i.e._ a swamp-bird.
+
+As I said before, there are few words in any of the Indian languages of
+North America in which the sound _ask_ occurs; at least as far as my
+limited acquaintance with them goes. The only two I can quote just now are
+both in the Chippeway. One only has direct reference to water; perhaps the
+other may indirectly. They are, _woyzask_, rushes, water-plants; _mejask_,
+herb, or grass. The only grass the forest Indians are likely to be
+acquainted with is that growing in the natural meadows along the river
+banks, which are occasionally met with, and these in general are pretty
+swampy.
+
+We may wind up with our _cask_ and _flask_. I could have added much more,
+but fear already to have exceeded what might hope for admittance in your
+pages; therefore I will only say that, in offering these remarks, I insist
+on nothing, and stand ready to submit to any correction.
+
+A. C. M.
+
+Exeter.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+LEGENDS OF THE COUNTY CLARE.
+
+About two miles from the village of Corofin, in the west of Clare, are the
+ruins of the Castle of Ballyportree, consisting of a massive square tower
+surrounded by a wall, at the corners of which are smaller round towers: the
+outer wall was also surrounded by a ditch. The castle is still so far
+perfect that the lower part is inhabited by a farmer's family; and in some
+of the upper rooms are still remaining massive chimney-pieces of grey
+limestone, of a very modern form, the horizontal portions of which are
+ornamented with a quatrefoil ornament engraved within a circle, but there
+are no dates or armorial bearings: from the windows of the castle four
+others are visible, none of them more than two miles from each other; and a
+very large cromlech is within a few yards of the castle ditch. The
+following legend is related of the castle:--When the Danes were building
+the castle (the Danes were the great builders, as Oliver Cromwell was the
+great destroyer of all the old castles, abbeys, &c. in Ireland),--when the
+Danes were building the Castle of Ballyportree, they collected workmen from
+all quarters, and forced them to labour night and day without stopping for
+rest or food; and according as any of them fell down from exhaustion, his
+body was thrown upon the wall, which was built up over him! When {491} the
+castle was finished, its inhabitants tyrannised over the whole country,
+until the time arrived when the Danes were finally expelled from Ireland.
+Ballyportree Castle held out to the last, but at length it was taken after
+a fierce resistance, only three of the garrison being found alive, who
+proved to be a father and his two sons; the infuriated conquerors were
+about to kill them also, when one of then proposed that their lives should
+be spared, and a free passage to their own country given them, on condition
+that they taught the Irishmen how to brew the famous ale from the
+heather--that secret so eagerly coveted by the Irish, and so zealously
+guarded by the Danes. At first neither promises nor threats had any effect
+on the prisoners, but at length the elder warrior consented to tell the
+secret on condition that his two sons should first be put to death before
+his eyes, alleging his fear, that when he returned to his own country, they
+might cause him to be put to death for betraying the secret. Though
+somewhat surprised at his request, the Irish chieftains immediately
+complied with it, and the young men were slain. Then the old warrior
+exclaimed, "Fools! I saw that your threats and your promises were beginning
+to influence my sons; for they were but boys, and might have yielded: but
+now the secret is safe, your threats or your promises have no effect on
+me!" Enraged at their disappointment, the Irish soldiers hewed the stern
+northman in pieces, and the coveted secret is still unrevealed.
+
+In the South of Scotland a legend, almost word for word the same as the
+above, is told of an old castle there, with the exception that, instead of
+Danes, the old warrior and his sons are called Pechts. After the slaughter
+of his sons the old man's eyes are put out, and he is left to drag on a
+miserable existence: he lives to an immense old age, and one day, when all
+the generation that fought with him have passed away, he hears the young
+men celebrating the feats of strength performed by one of their number; the
+old Pecht asks for the victor, and requests him to let him feel his wrist;
+the young man feigns compliance with his request, but places an iron
+crow-bar in the old man's hand instead of his wrist; the old Pecht snaps
+the bar of iron in two with his fingers, remarking quietly to the astounded
+spectators, that "it is a gey bit gristle, and has not much pith in it
+yet." The story is told in the second volume of Chambers's _Edinburgh
+Journal_, first series, I think; but I have not the volume at hand to refer
+to. The similarity between the two legends is curious and interesting.
+
+FRANCIS ROBERT DAVIES.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ARCHAIC WORDS.
+
+(Vol. vii., p. 400., &c.)
+
+The following list of words, which do not appear in Mr. Halliwell's
+_Dictionary of Archaic Words_, may form some contribution, however small,
+to the enlargement of that and of some of our more comprehensive English
+dictionaries. It falls in with the desire already expressed in "N. & Q.;"
+and, if the present paper seem worth inserting, may be followed by another.
+In some few cases, though the word does appear in Mr. Halliwell's columns,
+an authority is deficient; instances having as it were turned up, and in
+rather uncommon sources, which seemed occasionally worth supplying. It must
+be observed that the explanations given are, in some instances, mere
+conjectures, and await more certain and accurate interpretation.
+
+    _Aege_, age. _The Festyvall_, fol. cxii. recto, edit. 1528.
+
+    _Advyse_, to view attentively. Strype's _Memorials_, under MARY, ch.
+    xxviii. p. 234., folio, or vol. iv. p. 384. edit. 1816.
+
+    _Apause_, to check. Foxe, _Acts and Monuments_, vii. 647.; and
+    Merchant's _Second Tale_, 2093.
+
+    _Assemble_, to resemble. Bale's _Image of both Churches_, Part II. p.
+    378., edit. 1849.
+
+    _Beclepe_, to embrace. _The Festyvall_, fol. xxxvi. recto, edit. 1528:
+    "The ymage--becleped the knyght about the necke, and kyssed hym."
+
+    _Bluck_, ...(?) "So the true men shall be hunted and blucked."--_The
+    Festyvall_, fol. xxvi. recto.
+
+    _Boystously_, roughly. "Salome--boystously handled our Lady."--_The
+    Festyvall_, fol. lxvii. verso.
+
+    _Brince_, to introduce, hand out, _propino_. "Luther first brinced to
+    Germany the poisoned cup of his heresies."--Harding in Bishop Jewel's
+    _Works_, vol. iv. p. 335., edit. Oxford, 1848.
+
+    _Bussing._ "Without the blind bussings of a Papist, may no sin be
+    solved."--Bishop Bale's _Image of both Churches on the Revelation_, ch.
+    xiii. p. 431., edit. Cambridge, 1849.
+
+    _Croked._ A curious application of this word occurs in _The Festyvall_,
+    fol. cxxviii. recto: "A croked countenance."
+
+    _Daying_, arbitration. Jewel's _Works_, i. 387. See Dr. Jelf's note,
+    _in loc._
+
+    _Dedeful_, operative? "This vertue is dedefull to all Chrysten
+    People."--_The Festyvall_, fol. clxxii. recto.
+
+    _Do_, to do forth; meaning, to proceed with, to go on with, occurs in
+    _The Festyvall_. fol. viii. verso.
+
+    _Domageable_, injurious. _The Festyvall_, fol. cxi. recto: "How
+    domageable it is to them which use for to saye in theyr bargens and
+    marchaundyses, makynge to the prejudyce--of their soules."
+
+    _Dyssclaunderer_, a calumniator. "To stone hym (Stephen) to deth as for
+    a dyssclaunderer."--_The Festyvall_, fol. lxx. verso.
+
+    _Enclense_, to make clean. _The Festyvall_, fol. lxxxviii. recto.
+
+    _Enforcement_, effort? Erasmus' _Enchiridion_, 1533, Rule IV. ch. xii.
+
+    {492} _Engrease_, to overfeed. "Riches, wherewithal they are fatted and
+    engreased like swine."--Foxe's _Acts and Monuments_, v. 615. edit.
+    1843.
+
+    _Ensignement_, ... (?) _The Festyvall_, fol. cliv. recto: "And whan all
+    the people come so togyder at this ensignement."
+
+    _Entrecounter_, to oppose. Brook's _Sermon_, 1553, quoted in Foxe's
+    _Acts and Monuments_, vol. viii. p. 782.
+
+    _Fele._ An application of this word may be quoted, partaking of a
+    Grecism, unless we mistake: "And whan the people _felte_ the smell
+    therof."--_The Festyvall_, fol. c. recto.
+
+    _Flytterynge_: "lyghtnynge, and not flytterynge."--_The Festyvall_,
+    fol. xliv. verso, edit. 1528.
+
+NOVUS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Inscriptions on Buildings._--The following inscriptions are taken from
+buildings connected with the hospital of Spital-in-the-Street, co. Lincoln.
+
+On the chapel:
+
+ "FVI A^O D[=N]I    1398 }
+  NON FVI           1594 }  DOM DEI & PAVPERVM.
+  SVM               1616 }
+
+  QVI HANC DEVS HVNC DESTRVET."
+
+On the wall of a cottage, formerly one of the alms-houses:
+
+ "DEO ET DIVITIBVS.
+  A^O D[=N]I 1620."
+
+On the wall of a building now used as a barn, but formerly the Court-house,
+in which the Quarter Sessions for the parts of Lindsey were formerly held,
+before their transfer to Kirton in Lindsey:
+
+             "FIAT IVSTITIA.
+                  1619."
+               "HAEC DOMVS
+  DIT, AMAT, PVNIT, CONSERVAT, HONORAT,
+  EQVITIAM, PACEM, CRIMINA, JVRA, BONOS."
+
+L. L. L.
+
+_Epitaphs._--The following specimen of rural monumental Latin is copied
+from a tombstone in the churchyard of Henbury, Gloucestershire:
+
+              "Hic jacet
+          Requiesant in pace,
+          HENRICUS PARSONES.
+       Qui obtit XXV. die Junes,
+        Anno Dominii MDCCCXLV,
+            Aetatis suae XX.
+  Cujus animia proprietur Christus."
+
+The following is from the churchyard of Kingston-Seymour, Somersetshire:
+
+             "J. H.
+  He was universally beloved in the circle of
+  His acquaintance; but united
+  In his death the esteem of all,
+  Namely, by bequeathing his remains."
+
+J. K. R. W.
+
+_Numbers._--We occasionally see calculations of how often a given number of
+persons may vary their position at a table, and each time produce a fresh
+arrangement. I believe the result may be arrived at by progressive
+multiplication, as thus:
+
+  Twice 1                       2
+                                3
+                              ---
+  Giving for three persons      6 changes.
+                                4
+                              ---
+  Giving for four persons      24 changes.
+                                5
+                              ---
+  Giving for five persons     120 changes.
+                                6
+                              ---
+  Giving for six persons      720 changes,
+
+and so on. Probably also change-ringing is governed by the same mode of
+calculation.
+
+J. D. ALLCROFT.
+
+CELTIC LANGUAGE.--As _fraus latet in generalibus_ in linguistics as in law,
+I beg to suggest that, instead of using the word _Celtic_, the words
+_Gaelic_, _Cymbric_, _Breton_, _Armorican_, _Welsh_, _Irish_, &c. might be
+properly appropriated. The mother Celtic is lost,--her remains are to be
+found only in the names of mountains, rivers, and countries; and our
+knowledge of this tongue is derived from an acquaintance with her two
+principal daughters, the Gaelic and Cymbric (=Kymric). The Gaelic tongue
+has been driven by Germanic invasion into Ireland (Erse), and into the
+Highlands of Scotland (Gaelic). The Cymbric tongue first took refuge in
+Belgium, known afterwards as Breton, and still lives as Welsh and
+Bas-Breton, which (and not the Gaelic) is nearest of kin in some words to
+the Latin and Italian.
+
+To understand this subject, the profound induction of Eichhoff must be
+studied carefully.
+
+T. J. BUCKTON.
+
+Lichfield.
+
+_Illustration of Longfellow_--"_God's Acre._"--Longfellow's very beautiful
+little poem, commencing:
+
+ "I like that ancient Saxon phrase, which calls
+    The burial-ground God's acre."
+
+is doubtless familiar to all your readers. It may interest some of them to
+know, that the "ancient Saxon phrase" has not yet become obsolete. I read
+the words "GOTTES ACKER," when at Basle last autumn, inscribed over the
+entrance to a modern cemetery, just outside the St. Paul's Gate of that
+city.
+
+W. SPARROW SIMPSON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{493}
+
+Queries.
+
+JOHN LOCKE.
+
+I shall be much obliged if any gentleman who has the power of access to the
+registers of Wrington, Somerset, or who may otherwise take an interest in
+the descent of John Locke the philosopher, will kindly assist me to prove
+that the parents of that eminent man were as supposed to be in the
+accompanying pedigree.
+
+  Edmund Keene of Wrington, = Mary, daughter of ... described as a widow,
+    county Somerset.        |   October 15, 1631. (Court Roll.)
+     _______________________|_________________________________
+    |                              |      |            :     |
+    |                              |      |            :    ... = ... Morris.
+    |                              |      |            :       /|\
+    |                              |      |            :
+  Edmund Keene of  = Frances,    John.  Richard  Agnes Keene, = John Locke
+  Wrington. Yeoman.| daughter of          (?).    married     :
+  Will dated       | ... Locke(?).                at Wrington,:
+  September 12,    |  Executrix                   July 15,    :
+  1667 (in which   |  of her                      1630.       :
+  he mentions his  |  husband's will.                         :
+  "loving brother  |                             John Locke the philosopher,
+  Peter Locke."    |                              baptized August 29, 1632.
+  Who was he?)     |
+      _____________|_____________________
+     |       |          |      |        |
+  Samuel   John,      Peter. Sarah.   Mary, baptized at    = John Darbie of
+  Keene.   baptized   Both baptized   Wrington, February 27,  Shirbourne,
+    :      October 8,  October 24,    1633, by her father's   co. Dorset,
+    :      1635.         1639.        will had lands at       Mercer.
+    :        :                        Wrington and Ley.       (Deed, August
+    :________:                        Will dat. August 16,    16, 1676.)
+    |                                 1717. by  which she
+   Frances Keene.  = Joseph Watkins   devised her estate at
+  (Daughter of     |  of Abingdon.    Wrington to her niece Frances Watkins
+  Samuel or John?) |                  of Abingdon, widow, remainder to her
+                   |                  son Joseph. Died November 27, 1717.
+                   |
+  Joseph Watkins of Clapton, Middlesex, = Magdalen, daughter of... Gibbes.
+                 Esq.                  /|\
+
+I observe that in Chalmers' Dictionary the mother of Locke is called Anne,
+whereas, in the Wrington register, I am informed that it appears as
+Agnes,--"1630, July 15, (married) John Locke and Agnes Keene." I believe,
+however, that in former days Anne and Agnes were not unfrequently
+confounded, so that the apparent discrepancy may not be material.
+
+The best evidence that is at present within my reach, in support of the
+connexion here given, is a letter from Mrs. Frances Watkins, a daughter of
+either Samuel or John Keene, dated "Abingdon, January, 1754," addressed to
+her son "Joseph Watkins, Esq., at John's Coffee House, Cornhill, London,"
+and from which I make the following extract for the information of those
+who may be disposed to look into this question. She says,--
+
+    "I am allied to Mr. Lock thus: His father and my grandmother were
+    brother and sister, and his mother and my grandfather were also sister
+    and brother, consequently my father and the great Lock were doubly
+    first cousins. My grandfather's sister and my grandmother's brother
+    produced this wonder of the world. To make you more sensible of it, a
+    Lock married a Keen, and a Keen married a Lock. My aunt Keen was a most
+    beautiful woman, as was all the family; and my uncle Lock an extream
+    wise man. So much for genealogy. My Lord Chancellor King was allied
+    thus near. I forgett whether his mother was a Keen or Lock. I had this
+    information from my aunt Darby. Mr. Lock had no advantage in his
+    person, but was a very fine gentleman. From foreign Courts they used to
+    write, 'For John Lock, Esq., in England.'"
+
+C. J.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+"_The Village Lawyer._"--Can you inform me who is the author of that very
+popular farce, _The Village Lawyer_? It was first acted about the year
+1787. It has been ascribed to Mr. Macready, the father of Mr. W. C.
+Macready, the eminent tragedian. The real author, however, is said to have
+been a dissenting minister in Dublin, and I would be obliged to any of your
+readers who could give me his name.
+
+SIGMA.
+
+_Richard Plantagenet, Earl of Cambridge._--In a note in the first volume of
+Miss Strickland's _Lives of the Queens of Scotland_, she remarks that
+Bourchier, Earl of Essex, "was near of kin to the royal family, being
+grand-nephew to Richard, Duke of York, father of Edward IV., but did not
+share the blood of the heiress of March, _Jane_ Mortimer." I quote from
+memory, not having the book at hand; but allowing that Jane for Anne may be
+a slip of the pen, or a mistake of the press, where did Miss Strickland
+discover any second marriage of Richard, Earl of Cambridge? All pedigrees
+of the royal family that I have seen agree in giving him only one wife, and
+in expressly stating her to be mother to Isabel, Countess of Essex.
+
+J. S. WARDEN.
+
+_Highland Regiment._-Can any of your Gaelic or military correspondents
+inform me whether it is at present the custom for the officers in the
+Highland regiments to wear a dirk in addition to the broadsword? Also
+whether the Highland regiments were ever armed with broadswords, and {494}
+whether their drill is different to that of the other troops of the line? I
+have somewhere heard it said that the 28th (an English regiment) were once
+armed with swords, whence their name of "The Slashers?" Is this the real
+origin of the name? and if not, what is? I should also like to know the
+origin of the custom of wearing undress _white_ shell jackets, which are
+now worn by the Highlanders?
+
+ARTHUR.
+
+_Ominous Storms._--A remark by a labouring man of this town (Grantham),
+which is new to me, is to the following effect. In March, and all seasons
+when the judges are on circuit, and when there are any criminals to be
+hanged, there are always winds and storms, and roaring tempests. Perhaps
+there are readers of "N. & Q." who have met with the same idea.
+
+JOHN HAWKINS.
+
+_Edward Fitzgerald_, born 17th January, 1528, son of Gerald, ninth Earl of
+Kildare, and brother of the celebrated "Silken Thomas," an ancestor of the
+Duke of Leinster, married Mary, daughter and heiress of Sir John Leigh of
+Addington, and widow of Sir Thomas Paston (called improperly Sir John).
+There are contradictory pedigrees of the Leigh family in the _Surrey
+Visitations_, _e. g._ Harl. MSS. 1147. and 5520. Could one of your
+correspondents oblige me with a correct pedigree of this Mary Leigh; she is
+sometimes called "Mabel?"
+
+Y. S. M.
+
+_Boyle Family._--Allow me to repeat the Query regarding Richard Boyle (Vol.
+vii., p. 430.). Richard Boyle, appointed Dean of Limerick 5th Feb. 1661,
+and Bishop of Leighlin and Ferns in 1666, died in 1682. Roger Boyle, the
+youngest brother of Richard, was born in 1617, and educated in Trinity
+College, Dublin, of which he became a Fellow. On the breaking out of the
+rebellion of 1641 he went to England, and having become tutor to Lord
+Paulet, he continued in that family till the Restoration, when he returned
+to Ireland, and was presented with the Rectory of Carrigaline, diocese of
+Cork. He was made Dean of Cork in 1662, and promoted to the Bishopric of
+Down and Connor 12th Sept. 1667. He was translated to Clogher, 21st
+September, 1672, and died 26th November, 1687. The sister of these prelates
+was wife to the Rev. Urban Vigors (Vol. viii., p. 340.). They were near
+relatives of the great Earl of Cork, and many of their descendants have
+been buried in his tomb, in St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin. I have not
+seen any reply to my Query about Mr. Vigors. May I ask is there any list of
+the chaplains of King Charles I.?
+
+Y. S. M.
+
+_Inn Signs._--As the subject of inns is being discussed, can any of your
+readers tell the origin of "The Green Man and Still?" And is there any
+foundation for a statement, that "the chequers" have been found on Italian
+wine-shops, and were imported from Egypt, having there been the emblem of
+Osiris.
+
+S. A.
+
+Oxford.
+
+_Demoniacal Descent of the Plantagenets._--In "N. & Q.," Vol. vii., p. 73.,
+I asked for information as to the demoniacal ancestor of Henry II.,
+confessing my own ignorance of the tradition. I received no answer, but was
+induced to inquire farther by a passage in the article on "A'Becket" in the
+_Quarterly Review_, xciii. 349.
+
+    "These words goaded the king into one of those paroxysms of fury to
+    which all the earlier Plantagenet princes were subject, and which was
+    believed by them to arise from a mixture of demoniacal blood in their
+    race."
+
+The following is from Thierry, tom. iii. p. 330., Paris, 1830:
+
+    "L'on racontait d'une ancienne Comtesse d'Anjou, aieule du pere de
+    Henri II., que son mari ayant remarque avec effroi, qu'elle allait
+    rarement a l'eglise, et qu'elle en sortait toujours a la sacre de la
+    messe, s'avisa de l'y faire retenir de force par quatre ecuyers; mais
+    qu'a l'instant de la consecration, la Comtesse, jettant le manteau par
+    lequel on la tenait, s'etait envolee par une fenetre, et n'avait jamais
+    reparu. Richard de Poictiers, selon un contemporain, avait coutume de
+    rapporter cette aventure, et de dire a ce propos: 'Est-il etonnant que,
+    sortis d'une telle source, nous vivions mal, les uns avec les autres?
+    Ce qui provient du diable doit retourner au diable.'"
+
+Thierry quotes _Brompton apud Scriptores Rerum Francorum_, tom. xiii. p.
+215.:
+
+    "Istud Ricardus referre solebat, asserens de tali genere procedentes
+    sese mutuo infestent, tanquam de diabolo venientes, et ad diabolum
+    transeuntes."
+
+I shall be glad of any assistance in tracing the story up or down.
+
+H. B. C.
+
+U. U. Club.
+
+_Anglo-Saxon Graves._--The world is continually hearing now of researches
+in Anglo-Saxon graves. I beg to inquire whether Anglo-Saxon coins or
+inscriptions have been found in any of these, so as to identify them with
+the people to whom these interments are ascribed? or upon what other proof
+or authority these graves are so assigned to the Anglo-Saxons?
+
+H. E.
+
+_Robert Brown the Separatist._--Robert Brown the Separatist, from whom his
+followers were called "Brownists." Whom did he marry, and when? In the
+_Biog. Brit._ he is said to have been the son of Anthony Brown of Tolthorp,
+Rutland, Esq. (though born at Northampton, according to Mr. Collier), and
+grandson of Francis Brown, whom King Henry VIII., in the eighteenth year of
+his reign, privileged by charter to wear his {495} cap in the royal
+presence. He was nearly allied to the Lord Treasurer Cecil Lord Burleigh,
+who was his friend and powerful protector. Burleigh's aunt Joan, daughter
+of David Cyssel of Stamford (grandfather of the Lord Treasurer) by his
+second wife, married Edmund Brown. She was half-sister of Richard Cyssel of
+Burleigh, the Lord Treasurer's father. What connexion was there between
+Edmund Brown and Anthony Brown of Tolthorp?
+
+Fuller (_Ch. Hist._, b. ix. p. 168.) says, he had a wife with whom he never
+lived, and a church in which he never preached. His church was in
+Northamptonshire, and he died in Northampton Gaol in 1630.
+
+From 1589 to 1592 he was master of St. Olave's Grammar School in Southwark.
+
+G. R. CORNER.
+
+Eltham.
+
+_Commissions issued by Charles I. at Oxford._--In Lord Campbell's _Lives of
+the Chancellors_, vol. ii. p. 604., it is stated that a commission was
+granted to Lord Keeper Littleton to raise a corps of volunteers for the
+royal service among the members of the legal profession, "and that the
+docquet of that commission remains among the instruments passed under the
+great seal of King Charles I. at Oxford." P. C. S. S. is very desirous to
+know where a list of these instruments can be consulted?
+
+P. C. S. S.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries with Answers.
+
+_Hogmanay._--This word, applied in Scotland to the last day of the year, is
+derived by Jamieson (I believe, but have not his _Dictionary_ to refer to)
+from the Greek [Greek: hagia mene].
+
+Can any of your correspondents north of the Tweed, or elsewhere, give the
+correct source?
+
+W. T. M.
+
+Hong Kong.
+
+    [Our correspondent is probably not aware that Brand, in his _Popular
+    Antiquities_, vol. i. pp. 457-461. (Bohn's edit.), has devoted a
+    chapter to this term. Among other conjectural etymologies he adds the
+    following: "We read in the _Scotch Presbyterian Eloquence Displayed_,
+    that it is ordinary among some plebeians in the South of Scotland to go
+    about from door to door on New Year's Eve, crying _Hagmena_, a
+    corrupted word from the Greek [Greek: agia mene] _i. e._ holy month.
+    John Dixon, holding forth against this custom once, in a sermon at
+    Kelso, says: 'Sirs, do you know what hagmane signifies? It is, _the
+    devil be in the house!_ that's the meaning of its _Hebrew_ original,'
+    p. 102. Bourne agrees in the derivation of Hagmena given in the _Scotch
+    Presbyterian Eloquence Displayed_. 'Angli,' says Hospinian,
+    '_Haleg-monath_, quasi sacrum mensem vocant.' _De Origine Ethn._, p.
+    81." See also an ingenious essay on Hagmena in the _Caledonian Mercury_
+    for Jan. 2, 1792, from which the most important parts have been
+    extracted by Dr. Jamieson in his art. "Hogmanay."]
+
+_Longfellow's "Hyperion."_--Can any of your readers tell me why that
+magnificent work of Longfellow's, which though in prose contains more real
+poetry than nine-tenths of the volumes of verse now published, is called
+_Hyperion_?
+
+MORDAN GILLOTT.
+
+    [Hyperion is an epithet applied to Apollo, and is used by Shakspeare,
+    _Hamlet_, Act I. Sc. 2.:
+
+     "Hyperion to a satyr."
+
+    Warburton says, "This similitude at first sight seems to be a little
+    far-fetched, but it has an exquisite beauty. By the satyr is meant Pan,
+    as by Hyperion _Apollo_. Pan and Apollo were brothers, and the allusion
+    is to the contention between those gods for the preference in music."
+    Steevens, on the other hand, believes that Shakspeare "has no allusion
+    in the present instance, except to the beauty of Apollo, and its
+    immediate opposite, the deformity of a satyr." Hyperion or Apollo is
+    represented in all the ancient statues as exquisitely beautiful, the
+    satyrs hideously ugly.]
+
+_Sir Hugh Myddelton._--Where was Sir Hugh Myddleton buried? and has a
+monument been erected to his memory? I have searched several encyclopaedias
+and other works, but they make no mention of his place of sepulture.
+
+Hughson, I think, states it to be St. Matthew's, Friday Street; but I
+believe this is not correct.
+
+J. O. W.
+
+    [There is a statue of Sir Hugh Myddelton, by Carew, in the New Royal
+    Exchange. See Cunningham's _Handbook of London_, from which work we
+    learn (p. 327.) that "the register of St. Matthew's, Friday Street,
+    abounds in entries relating to the family of Sir Hugh Myddleton."
+    Cunningham does not mention his burial-place; but in the pedigree of
+    the family given in Lewis's _History of Islington_, it is stated that
+    he was buried in the churchyard of St. Matthew, London.]
+
+_Sangarede._--The expression "sangarede," or "sangared," occurs in two
+ancient wills, one dated 1504, in which the testator bequeathed--
+
+    "To the sepulkyr lyght vi hyves of beene to pray ffor me and my wyffe
+    in y^e comon _sangered_."--_Lib. Fuller_, f. 70.
+
+In the other, dated 1515, this passage occurs:
+
+    "I wyll y^t Ione my wyff here a yeere daye for me yeerly terme of her
+    lyfe in the church of Mendlshm, and after here decesse y^e towne of
+    Mendelyshm here a _sangarede_ for me and my wyfe in the church of
+    Mendlshm perpetually."
+
+I should be much obliged if you or one of your correspondents could furnish
+me with an intimation of the meaning of the term.
+
+LAICUS.
+
+    [Sangared, _i. e._ the chantry, or chanting, from the Saxon _sangere_,
+    a singer.]
+
+_Salubrity of Hallsal, near Ormskirk, Lancashire._--Between the 19th of
+February and the 14th of {496} May, 1800, ten persons died in this parish
+whose ages, as recorded on their tombs in the order of their departure,
+were 74, 84, 37, 70, 84, 70, 72, 62, 80, 90. This year must have been a
+fatal one to old people. Can any of the correspondents of "N. & Q." tell
+anything about the season?
+
+W. J.
+
+Bootle.
+
+    [The beginning of the year 1800 was unusually severe; in February, ice
+    covered the ground so completely, that people skaited through the
+    streets and roads; and in March, easterly winds prevailed with
+    extraordinary violence. For the verification of these facts, consult
+    the Meteorological diaries in the _Gentleman's Magazine_ of the above
+    period.]
+
+_Athens._--What is the origin of the term "violet-crowned city," as applied
+to Athens? Macaulay uses the expression in his _History of England_, but
+does not state how it was acquired.
+
+E. A. T.
+
+    [The ancient Greeks and Romans, at their festive entertainments, wore
+    garlands of flowers, and the violet was the favourite of the Athenians,
+    than whom no people were more devoted to mirth, conviviality, and
+    sensual pleasure. Hence the epithet was also given to Venus, [Greek:
+    Kupris iostephanos], as in some verses recorded by Plutarch, in his
+    _Life of Solon_. Aristophanes twice applies the word to his sybarite
+    countrymen: _Equites_, v. 1323., and _Acarn._ i. 637.]
+
+_James Miller._--Who was Miller, mentioned by Warburton as a writer of
+farces about 1735?
+
+I. R. R.
+
+    [James Miller, a political and dramatic writer, was born in Dorsetshire
+    in 1703. He received his education at Wadham College, Oxford; and while
+    at the university, wrote a satiric piece called _The Humours of
+    Oxford_, which created him many enemies, and hindered his preferment.
+    He also published several political pamphlets against Sir Robert
+    Walpole; and also the tragedy of _Mahomet_, and other plays. He died in
+    1744.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies.
+
+BRYDONE.
+
+(Vol. ix., pp 138. 255. 305. 432.)
+
+TRAVELLER having honoured me by alluding to a little work of mine, written
+thirty-five years ago, I may perhaps be permitted to correct a few errors
+(trifling, because personal) in his notice. My affinity was that of a
+cousin, not uncle, to the late lord my predecessor. I never had the
+military rank assigned to me, but was at the time like TRAVELLER himself, a
+"youngster" freshly emancipated from Oxford to the Continent: and had
+little more pretension in printing the extracts from my Journal, than to
+comply with the kind wishes of many friends and relatives.
+
+But to pass to what is more important, the character of Brydone, at the
+time I speak of there were no useful _handbooks_ in existence; and tourists
+took for the purpose such volumes of travels as they could carry. Brydone,
+for this, was unfit. The French criticism (quoted Vol. ix., 306.) rightly
+says, that he sacrificed truth to piquancy in his narrations. Still it is a
+heavy charge to suspect so gross a deviation, as that of inventing the
+description of an ascent which he never accomplished; especially when the
+ascent is a feat not at all difficult. The evidence for this disbelief must
+be derived from a series of errors in the account, which I do not remember
+to have observed while reading him on the spot. The charitable supposition
+of MR. MACRAY, that he mistook the summit, is hardly compatible with so
+defined a cone as that of Etna; but all must agree with his just estimate
+of that description, and which the _Biographie Universelle_ itself terms
+"chef d'oeuvre de narration." Brydone, no doubt, is as unsafe for the road
+as he is amusing for the study, and perhaps from that very reason.
+
+MONSON.
+
+Gatton Park.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+COLERIDGE'S UNPUBLISHED MSS.
+
+(Vol. iv., p. 411.; Vol. vi., p. 533.; Vol. viii., p. 43.)
+
+When I sent you my Note on this subject at the last of the above
+references, I had not read _Letters, Conversations, and Recollections of
+S. T. Coleridge_, Moxon, 1836. The subjoined extracts from that work
+confirm that note, vol. i, pp. 104. 156. 162.
+
+August 8, 1820. Coleridge:
+
+    "I at least am as well as I ever am, and my regular employment, in
+    which Mr. Green is weekly my amanuensis, [is] the work on the books of
+    the Old and New Testaments, introduced by the assumptions and
+    postulates required as the preconditions of a fair examination of
+    Christianity as a scheme of doctrines, precepts, and histories, drawn
+    or at least deducible from these books."
+
+January, 1821. Coleridge:
+
+    "In addition to these ---- of my GREAT WORK, to the preparation of
+    which more than twenty years of my life have been devoted, and on which
+    my hopes of extensive and permanent utility, of fame, in the noblest
+    sense of the word, mainly rest, &c. Of this work, &c., the result must
+    finally be revolution of all that has been called _Philosophy_ or
+    Metaphysics in England and France since the era of the commencing
+    predominance of the mechanical system at the restoration of our second
+    Charles, and with the present fashionable views, not only of religion,
+    morals, and politics, but even of the modern physics and physiology....
+    Of this work, something more than a volume has been {497} dictated by
+    me, so as to exist fit for the press, to my friend and enlightened
+    pupil, Mr. Green; and more than as much again would have been evolved
+    and delivered to paper, but that for the last six or eight months I
+    have been compelled to break off our weekly meeting," &c.
+
+Vol. ii. p. 219. Editor:
+
+    "The prospectus of these lectures (viz. on Philosophy) is so full of
+    interest, and so well worthy of attention, that I subjoin it; trusting
+    that the Lectures themselves will soon be furnished by, or under the
+    auspices of Mr. Green, the most constant and the most assiduous of his
+    disciples. That gentleman will, I earnestly hope--_and doubt not_--see,
+    _feel_, the necessity of giving the whole of his great master's views,
+    opinions, and anticipations; not those alone in which he more entirely
+    sympathises, or those which may have more ready acceptance in the
+    present time. He will not shrink from the great, the _sacred duty_ he
+    has voluntarily undertaken, from any regards of prudence, still less
+    from that most hopeless form of fastidiousness, the wish to conciliate
+    those who are never to be conciliated, _inferior minds_ smarting under
+    a sense of inferiority, and the imputation _which they are conscious is
+    just_, that but for Him _they_ never could have been; that distorted,
+    dwarfed, changed, as are all his views and opinions, by passing
+    _athwart_ minds with which they could not assimilate, they are yet
+    almost the only things which give such minds a _status_ in literature."
+
+How has Mr. Green discharged the duties of this solemn trust? Has he made
+any attempt to give publicity to the _Logic_, the "great work" on
+_Philosophy_, the work on the Old and New Testaments, to be called _The
+Assertion of Religion_, or the _History of Philosophy_, all of which are in
+his custody, and of which the first is, on the testimony of Coleridge
+himself, a finished work? We know from the _Letters_, vol. ii. pp. 11.
+150., that the _Logic_ is an essay in three parts, viz. the "Canon," the
+"Criterion," and the "Organon;" of these the last only can be in any
+respect identical with the _Treatise on Method_. There are other works of
+Coleridge missing; to these I will call attention in a future Note. For the
+four enumerated above Mr. Green is responsible. He has lately received the
+homage of the University of Oxford in the shape of a D.C.L.; he can surely
+afford a fraction of the few years that may still be allotted to him in
+re-creating the fame of, and in discharging his duty to, his great master.
+If, however, he cannot afford the time, trouble, and cost of the
+undertaking, I make him this public offer; I will, myself, take the
+responsibility of the publication of the above-mentioned four works, if he
+will entrust me with the MSS.
+
+The Editor will, I doubt not, be good enough to forward to the learned
+Doctor a copy of the Number in which this appeal is published.
+
+C. MANFIELD INGLEBY.
+
+Birmingham.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MR. JUSTICE TALFOURD AND DR. BEATTIE.
+
+(Vol. ix., p 393.)
+
+There is so much similarity of character, in respect of sympathy for the
+humbler position and the well-being of others, between this lamented judge
+and that of the professor who is depicted by his biographer in the
+following extract, that I hope you will agree with me in thinking it worthy
+of being framed, and hung up as a companion-sketch in your pages:
+
+    "As a Professor, not his own class only, but the whole body of students
+    at the University, looked up to him with esteem and veneration. The
+    profound piety of the public prayers, with which he began the business
+    of each day, arrested the attention of the youngest and most
+    thoughtless; the excellence of his moral character; his gravity blended
+    with cheerfulness, his strictness joined with gentleness, his favour to
+    the virtuous and diligent, and even the mildness of his reproofs to
+    those who were less attentive, rendered him the object of their respect
+    and admiration. Never was more exact discipline preserved than in his
+    class, nor ever anywhere by more gentle means. His sway was absolute,
+    because it was founded in reason and affection. He never employed a
+    harsh epithet in finding fault with any of his pupils; and when,
+    instead of a rebuke which they were conscious they deserved, they met
+    merely with a mild reproof, it was conveyed in such a manner as to
+    throw not only the delinquent, but sometimes the whole class into
+    tears. To gain his favour was the highest ambition of every student;
+    and the gentlest word of disapprobation was a punishment, to avoid
+    which, no exertion was deemed too much. His great object was not merely
+    to make his pupils philosophers, but to render them good men, pious
+    Christians, loyal to their king, and attached to the British
+    constitution; pure in morals, happy in the consciousness of a right
+    conduct, and friends to all mankind."
+
+This is the language of Dr. Beattie's biographer, who knew him intimately.
+Cowper, the poet, thus writes of him to the Rev. W. Unwin, from a knowledge
+of his works:
+
+    "I thanked you in my last for Johnson; I now thank you with more
+    emphasis for Beattie--the most agreeable and amiable writer I ever met
+    with--the only author I have seen whose critical and philosophical
+    researches are diversified and embellished by a poetical imagination,
+    that makes even the driest subject, and the leanest, a feast for an
+    epicure in books. He is so much at his ease too, that his own character
+    appears in every page; and, which is rare, we see not only the writer,
+    but the man; and that man so gentle, so well-tempered, so happy in his
+    religion, and so humane in his philosophy, that it is necessary to love
+    him, if one has any sense of what is lovely."--_Life of Dr. Beattie_,
+    by Sir William Forbes, Bart.
+
+J. M.
+
+Oxford.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+{498}
+
+RUSSIAN "TE DEUM."
+
+(Vol. ix., p. 325.)
+
+The following is a translation of this Greek doxology, as contained in the
+Prayer-Book of the Greek Church, under the title '[Greek: Horologion to
+mega, Benatiai, Tupog. Nikulaou Gluke], 1845, p. 75.:
+
+    1. Glory to Thee, the Giver of light.
+
+    2. Glory to God on high, and on earth peace, good-will towards men.
+
+    3. We praise Thee, we bless Thee, we worship Thee, we glorify thee, we
+    give thanks to Thee for Thy great glory;
+
+    4. O Lord King, heavenly God, Father Almighty, O Lord, only begotten
+    Son Jesus Christ, and Holy Spirit.
+
+    5. O Lord God, Lamb of God, Son of the Father, that taketh away the sin
+    of the world; have mercy upon us, Thou that takest away the sins of the
+    world.
+
+    6. Accept our prayer; Thou that sittest at the Father's right hand,
+    have mercy on us:
+
+    7. For Thou only art holy; Thou only, Lord Jesus Christ, art in the
+    glory of God the Father. Amen.
+
+    8. Day by day I bless Thee, and I praise Thy name for ever, and for all
+    eternity.
+
+    9. Vouchsafe, Lord, this day to keep me sinless.
+
+    10. Blessed art Thou, Lord, the God of our fathers; and praised and
+    glorified be Thy name for ever. Amen.
+
+    11. Lord, let Thy mercy be on us, as we trust in Thee.
+
+    12. Blessed art Thou, Lord; teach me Thy statutes.
+
+    13. Lord, Thou hast been our refuge from one generation to another.
+
+    14. I said, Lord be merciful unto me; heal my soul, for I have sinned
+    against Thee.
+
+    15. Lord, I fly to Thee; teach me to do Thy will, for Thou art my God;
+
+    16. For with Thee is a well of life, in Thy light shall we see light.
+
+    17. Extend Thy mercy to them that know Thee.
+
+    18. O holy God, holy Strength, holy Immortal, have mercy on us. Amen.
+
+Verses 2. to 7. are identical with the _Gloria in Excelsis_, or the Angelic
+Hymn, sung at the conclusion of the Lord's Supper in the Anglican Church,
+but which commences the Mass in the Romish Church. It is of great
+antiquity, being attributed to Telesphorus, A.D. 139, and is found in the
+_Apostolic Constitutions_, vii. c. 48.
+
+Verses 8, 9. 11. are the same as in the Latin _Te Deum_.
+
+Verse 12. is from Psalm cxix. 12.
+
+Verse 13. is from Psalm xc. 1.
+
+Verse 14. is from Psalm xli. 4.
+
+Verse 15. is from Psalm cxliii. 9, 10.
+
+Verse 16. is from Psalm xxxvi. 9.
+
+Verse 17. is from Psalm xxxvi. 10.
+
+T. J. BUCKTON.
+
+Lichfield.
+
+In answer to your correspondent HONORE DE MAREVELLE'S Query regarding the
+_Te Deum_ as sung in Russia, I beg to inform him that in whatever language
+the Emperor Nicholas is most familiar with this hymn, it is sung in all
+their churches in Sclavonic, which is only intelligible to the priests and
+a _very small_ number of the laity, the mass of the people being quite
+ignorant of this old language. All the services in Russian churches are
+performed in Sclavonic.
+
+The _Old_ Testament is not permitted to be read by the people in modern
+Russ, by command of the Emperor; it is circulated sparingly in Sclavonic,
+which is of course useless to most of the people, for the reason named
+above. The _New_ Testament is, however, allowed to circulate in modern
+Russ, and not _half_ the population read that, perhaps not more than a
+third.
+
+With regard to their images or pictures (alluded to by me in Vol. viii., p.
+582.), I had not only perused the works mentioned by G. W. (Vol. ix., p.
+86.) before I wrote about the Russian religion, &c., but several other
+works besides.[1]
+
+Having been in the country for some little time, and paid some attention to
+the subject, I was certainly surprised to find little, if any, mention made
+of their manner of worship or superstitious customs in Dr. Blackmore's
+works, and wished to contribute my mite towards giving your readers some
+information as to the state of this semi-civilised race.
+
+From _Translations of Russian Works_ you can glean nothing but what the
+Russian government chooses, as every work goes through a severe censorship
+before it is allowed to be printed for circulation; and if there is
+anything in it that is not liked, it is not permitted to be published
+unless those parts are suppressed.
+
+It is perhaps only partially known that there is some difficulty in getting
+English books and newspapers into Russia, as all must go through the
+censor's office. _The Times_ (which is however all but, if not quite,
+prohibited at St. Petersburg, and has been so a long time), _Punch_, and
+other of our papers, possess a ludicrous appearance after having passed
+through the hands of the worthies in the censor's office, sometimes there
+being very little left of them to read.
+
+Whilst writing about images, I omitted to name one or two other
+circumstances that have come under my own notice, showing still farther the
+superstitious veneration in which they are held by the Russians.
+
+In the case of a house on fire, one of the inmates, with his head
+uncovered, carries the image three times round the burning house, under the
+{499} belief that it will cause the fire to cease, never attempting to put
+it out by any other means.
+
+At Moscow there is a very noted image of the Virgin Mary; it is deposited
+in a recess at one side of an archway leading to the Kremlin. Every person
+passing through this archway is _obliged_ to uncover his head. I had to do
+so whenever I passed through. The belief of the efficacy of this image in
+healing diseases is universal. When any person is ill, by paying the
+priests handsomely, they will bring it with great pomp, in a carriage and
+four horses, to the sick person's house, who _must_ recover, or else, if
+death ensues, they say it is _so fated_.
+
+Instances of other images in various parts of the empire, some believed to
+have fallen from heaven, might be multiplied to any extent. I mention these
+to show that, whatever these representations of the Deity may be called, I
+had not written unadvisedly previously, as might be surmised by G. W.'s
+remarks. Everybody must deplore the wretched condition of these people; and
+the Czar, well knowing their superstitious ideas, works upon their
+fanatical minds with such letters as we all have had the sorrow of seeing a
+specimen of in _The Times_ of to-day.[2]
+
+J. S. A.
+
+May 15, 1854.
+
+[Footnote 1: Owing to an error in my original MS., or of the printers, they
+were called _the "gods,"_ instead of _their gods_, answering to the ancient
+_penates_.]
+
+[Footnote 2: Vide Nicholas to the Commandant of Odessa.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ARTESIAN WELLS.
+
+(Vol. ix., p. 222.)
+
+Your correspondent STYLITES is strongly advised not to set about making, or
+rather endeavouring to make, a well of this description till he has been
+well advised of the feasibility of the scheme in his particular locality.
+The old adage will apply in this case, "Ex quovis ligno," &c. It is not
+everywhere that an artesian well can be obtained with any depth of bore;
+that is, a well which shall bring its water to or above the surface of the
+ground. But if, on sufficient knowledge of the mineralogical structure of
+the country, it be declared that a well of the true artesian sort cannot be
+obtained, STYLITES should dig his well, say fifteen or twenty feet deep,
+and "stein" it, and then bore in search of a spring, unless a sufficient
+supply is already obtained from the surface drainage. A moderate outlay in
+this way, unless the impervious stratum be of very great thickness indeed,
+will generally bring up water, with a natural tendency to rise within reach
+of a common pump, or of a well-bucket at the least.
+
+But it may still happen that the water of the bore has not this natural
+tendency. In that case the sinking of the well may be continued till the
+water is reached, and a sufficient depth of reservoir obtained at the
+bottom.
+
+M. (2)
+
+As practical answers to the inquiries of STYLITES on this subject, I have
+to say, that common wells are preferable to artesian in all cases where
+abundance of water is obtained at a depth not exceeding thirty feet. I need
+not tell STYLITES that the common sucking-pump will not draw up water from
+a depth exceeding thirty feet. The convenience of common wells is one
+reason why artesian ones are not universally adopted; and a greater reason
+is that artesian wells are very much more expensive to make than common
+ones. When artesian wells are preferable to common ones is, when water
+cannot be obtained at a depth beyond the reach of the force-pump. Two of my
+friends have made artesian wells; one a mill-spinner at Dundee, at a time
+when that town was very ill supplied with water. He sunk a well 150 feet in
+depth and found no water. A bore was then made through trap rock for
+upwards of 150 feet, and water was found in abundance on reaching the
+underlying sandstone. The water ultimately reached near to the top of the
+well. The other well was made by a bleacher in the neighbourhood of Lisburn
+in Ireland. All the surface springs in his bleaching-grounds, which are
+extensive, did not supply a sufficient quantity for his purposes. The
+subsoil being boulder clay, he had to bore through it to about 300 feet
+before the water was met with; when it rose as near the top of the bore as
+to permit the use of a common pump being worked by power. The theory of the
+action of artesian wells has been explained by MR. BUCKTON (Vol. ix., p.
+283.), but I have no hesitation in telling STYLITES that he will find water
+almost anywhere in this country by means of an artesian bore.
+
+HENRY STEPHENS.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DOG-WHIPPERS.
+
+(Vol. ix., p. 349.)
+
+The following Notes may contain information for your correspondent C. F. W.
+on the subject of dog-whippers.
+
+Richard Dovey, of Farmcote in Shropshire, in the year 1659, charged certain
+cottages with the payment of eight shillings to some poor man of the parish
+of Claverley, who should undertake to awaken sleepers, and _whip dogs from
+the church_ during divine service. Ten shillings and sixpence per annum is
+now paid for the above service.
+
+John Rudge by his will, dated in 1725, gave five shillings a quarter to a
+poor man to go about the parish church of Trysull, in Staffordshire, during
+sermon, to keep people awake, and _keep dogs out of the church_. This sum
+is still paid for that purpose.
+
+At Chislet, in Kent, is a piece of land called "Dog-whipper's Marsh," about
+two acres, out of {500} which the tenants pay ten shillings a year to a
+person for _keeping order in the church_ during divine service.
+
+There is an acre of land in the parish of Peterchurch, Herefordshire,
+appropriated to the use of a person for _keeping dogs out of the church_.
+
+In the parish of Christchurch, Spitalfields, there is a charity fund called
+"cat and dog money," the interest on which is now divided annually amongst
+six poor widows of weavers of the names of Fabry or Ovington. There is a
+tradition in the parish that this money was originally left for the support
+of cats and dogs, but it is more probable that it was originally intended,
+as in the cases above mentioned, to "whip dogs and cats" out of the church
+during divine service, and that on the unforeseen increase in the fund
+after a lapse of years, it became appropriated in the present way. This
+money was the subject of a chancery suit in the last century, and the
+decree therein directed the present division.
+
+Many of your readers will call to mind the yelp of some poor cur who had
+strolled through the open door of a country church on some sultry day, and
+been ejected by the sexton. I myself have often listened to the pit-a-pat
+in the quiet aisle, and I once remember a disturbance in church caused by
+the quarrel of two dogs. Such scenes, and the fact that dogs were
+considered unclean animals, most likely gave rise to the occupation of
+dog-whipper as a function of the sexton. It will also be remembered that
+some dogs cannot forbear a howl at the sound of certain musical
+instruments; and besides the simple inconvenience to the congregation, this
+howl may have been considered a manifestation of antipathy to holy
+influences, as the devil was supposed to fear holy water.
+
+Landseer's well-known picture of "The Free Church" proves to us that
+amongst the Highland shepherds the office does not now at least exist: and
+amongst other instances of the regular attendance at church of these
+"unclean animals," I know one in Wales where a favourite dog always
+accompanied his master to church, and stood up in the corner of the pew,
+keeping watch over the congregation with the strictest decorum.
+
+A NOTARY.
+
+That persons bearing an office described by such a name were attached to
+great houses in the sixteenth century, is clear from the well-known passage
+in _The Two Gentlemen of Verona_, Act IV. Sc. 4., where Launce says,--
+
+    "I, having been acquainted with the smell before, knew it was Crab; and
+    goes me to the _fellow that whips the dogs_: 'Friend,' quoth I, 'you
+    mean to whip the dog?' 'Ay, marry do I,' quoth he," &c.
+
+W. B. R.
+
+Derby.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CEPHAS, A BINDER, AND NOT A ROCK.
+
+(Vol. ix., p. 368.)
+
+I hope you will allow me to give a few reasons for dissenting from MR.
+MARGOLIOUTH. I will promise to spare your space and avoid controversy.
+
+1. The Hebrew word _Caphis_ is only to be found in Hab. ii. 11. Hence it
+has been regarded as of somewhat uncertain signification. However, by
+comparison with the Syrian verb [Hebrew: KPS] (_c'phas_), we infer that it
+may denote that which _grasps_, _gathers_, or _holds together_; it is
+therefore not synonymous with [Greek: deo], which is to _bind_, and is used
+in Matt. xvi. 19.
+
+2. Proper names from the Hebrew, Chaldee, and Syriac, are generally written
+in Greek, with the terminations of that language, as _e. g._ Jesus, John,
+James, Thomas, Judas, &c., and these terminations are _added_ to the
+radical letters of the name, which are all retained. It is easy to see that
+_Caphis_ would become _Caphisus_, while _Cepho_ (Syriac for _rock_) would
+become _Cephas_, just as _Ehudo_ (Syriac, _Jude_) becomes _Judas_.
+
+3. Still less likely would the name _Caphis_ be to lose a radical in its
+transfer to the Syriac, where Cephos is represented by _Cepho_, without
+_s_.
+
+4. The paronomasia exhibited in the Latin, "Tu es _Petrus_, et super hanc
+_petram_," also appears both in the Greek and the Syriac.
+
+5. The difference of gender between the words _Petrus_ and _petra_,
+moreover, is preserved in the Syriac and appears in the Greek.
+
+6. The figure of binding and loosing (v. 19.) is one which was common to
+the three languages, Greek, Chaldee, and Syriac, in all of which it denotes
+"to remit or retain" sins, "to confirm or abolish" a law, &c.
+
+7. The occurrence of this figure in ch. xviii. 18., where the reference is
+not special to Peter, but general to all the apostles. (Compare John xx.
+23.)
+
+8. The Syriac uniformly translates the name Peter by Cepho (_i. e._
+Cephas), except once or twice in Peter's epistles. This at least indicates
+their view of its meaning.
+
+On the whole I see no reason to suppose that Cephas means anything but
+_stone_; certainly there is much less reason for the proposed signification
+of _binder_.
+
+In John i. 42., the clause which explains the name Cephas is absent from
+the Syriac version in accordance with the regular and necessary practice of
+the translators to avoid tautology: "Thou shalt be called _Stone_; which is
+by interpretation _Stone!_" (See the _Journal of Sacred Literature_ for
+January last, p. 457., for several examples of this.) There is here surely
+sufficient reason to account for the omission of this clause, which, it
+{501} appears, is supported by universal MS. authority, as well as by that
+of the other versions.
+
+B. H. C.
+
+The paronomasia of _Kipho_ (=Rock) was made in the Syro-Chaldaic tongue,
+the vernacular language of our Lord and his disciples. The apostle John,
+writing in Greek (i. 43.), explains the meaning of _Kipho_ ([Greek:
+Kephas]) by the usual Greek phrase [Greek: ho hermeneuetai Petros], which
+phrase was necessarily omitted in the Syriac version, where this word
+_Kipho_ was significant, in the original sense, as used by our Lord, and
+therefore needed no such hermeneutic explanation. Had our Lord spoken in
+Greek, and had the name [Greek: Kephas] been _idem sonans_ with [Hebrew:
+KPYS] (Hab. ii. 11.)--which, however, is not the case,--some slender
+support might have been thereby afforded to MR. MARGOLIOUTH'S argument; but
+as he admits that our Lord did _not_ speak in the Greek tongue, such
+argument falls to the ground as void of all probability.
+
+T. J. BUCKTON.
+
+Lichfield.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+WHITTINGTON'S STONE.
+
+(Vol. ix., p. 397.)
+
+The disappearance of this celebrated memorial of a questionable legend,
+seems to have been satisfactorily accounted for. The newspapers inform us
+that it has been taken to a mason's yard for the purpose of reparation.
+
+Those who lament the removal of the stone on which, as they imagine, the
+runaway apprentice sat listening to the bells of Cheap, will perhaps be
+surprised to hear that the object of their regret is at least the _third_
+of the stones which have successively stood upon the spot long since the
+days of Whittington.
+
+1. In a learned and interesting paper communicated to the pages of
+_Sylvanus Urban_ (G. M. Dec. 1852) by T. E. T. (a well-known and respected
+local antiquary, who will yet, it is sincerely hoped, enrich our libraries
+with a work on the ancient history of the northern suburbs, a task for
+which he is pre-eminently qualified), it is shown that in all probability
+the site in question was once occupied by a wayside cross, belonging to the
+formerly adjacent lazar-house and chapel of St. Anthony. A certain
+engraving of 1776, mentioned by Mr. T., and which is now before me,
+represents a small obelisk or pyramid standing upon a square base, and
+surmounted by a cross, apparently of iron. The stone (popularly regarded as
+the original) was removed in 1795 by "one S----," the surveyor of the
+roads. Having been broken, or as another account states, sawn in two, the
+halves were placed as curb-stones against the posts on each side of Queen's
+Head Lane in the Lower Street. (Nelson's _Hist. of Islington_, 1811, p.
+102.; _Gent. Mag._, Sept. and Oct. 1824, pp. 200. 290.; Lewis's _Hist. of
+Islington_, 1841, p. 286.) In _Adams's Picturesque Guide to the Environs of
+London_, by E. L. Blanchard (a recent but dateless little work, which I
+chanced to open at a book-stall a day or two ago), the present Queen's Head
+tavern in the Lower Street is mentioned as containing certain relics of its
+predecessor, "with the real Whittington stone (it is said) for a
+threshold."
+
+2. Shortly after the removal of this supposed "original," a new memorial
+was erected, with the inscription "Whittington's Stone." This was, for some
+cause, removed by order of the churchwardens in May, 1821.
+
+3. In his second edition, 1823, Nelson says, "The present stone was set up
+in 1821, by the trustees of the parish ways." This is the stone which has
+lately been removed.
+
+H. G.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+_Photographic Experience._--I send you the Rev. W. Le Mottee's and mine:
+
+  W. Le M.
+
+  1. 6 minutes' exposure.
+
+  2. Sea-side.
+
+     {_Iod._--Double iod. sol. from 25 gr. N. A. to 1 oz.
+  3. {_Exc._--5[minim] 50 gr. A. N. A. 5[minim] G. A. Aq. 2 drs.
+     {_Dev._--1^o 50 gr. A. N. A. and G. A. part. aeq. 2^o G. A.
+
+  4. Turner.
+
+  5. 3/8 inch.
+
+  6. 3 inches.
+
+  7. Diam. lens 3 in. Foc. length parallel rays 12-3/4 in.
+  Maker, Slater. Picture 8-1/2 x 6-1/2.
+
+  T. L. M.
+
+  1. 10 minutes.
+
+  2. Sea-side.
+
+     {_Iod._
+  3. {_Exc._ As Le M.
+     {_Dev._
+
+  4. Turner.
+
+  5. 3/8 inch.
+
+  6. 3-1/8 inches.
+
+  7. Diam. lens 3-1/4 in. Foc. length 17-1/2 in. Maker,
+  Slater. Picture 11-1/2 x 9-1/4.
+
+I have given the development according to the plan usually followed, for
+the sake of comparison; but where it is desirable to work out the shadows
+fully, it is far better to give longer exposure in the camera (three times
+that above given), and develop with gallo-nitrate of the strength used to
+excite, finishing with gallic acid. The time varies with the subject; a
+cottage among trees requiring 12 to 14 minutes. Almost all the statements I
+have seen, giving the time, do so absolutely; it is well to remind
+photographers, that these convey no _information whatever_, unless the
+focal length for parallel rays, and the diameter of the diaphragm, are also
+given: the time, in practice as well as in theory, varying (_caeteris
+paribus_) directly as the {502} square of the former, and inversely as the
+square of the latter; and, without these corrections, the results of one
+lens are not comparable with those of another.
+
+When shall we get a good structureless paper? The _texture_ of Turner's,
+especially his new paper, is a great defect; and its skies are thin, _very_
+inferior to the dense velvety blacks obtained with Whatman's of old date--a
+paper now extinct, and one which, unfortunately for us, it seems impossible
+to reproduce.
+
+T. L. MANSELL.
+
+Guernsey.
+
+_Conversion of Calotype Negatives into Positives._--At the second meeting
+of the British Association at York, Professor Grove described a process by
+which a negative calotype might be converted into a positive one, by
+drawing an ordinary calotype image over iodide of potassium and dilute
+nitric acid, and exposing to a full sunshine. Not being able to find the
+proportions in any published work, can any of your numerous readers give me
+the required information; and whether the photograph should be exposed in
+its damp state, or allowed to dry?
+
+G. GRANTHAM.
+
+_Albumenized Paper._--Mr. Spencer, in the last number of the _Photographic
+Journal_, in describing a mode of preparing albumenized paper, states he
+has never found it necessary to iron it, as the silver solution coagulates
+the albumen the moment it comes in contact with it, "and I fancy makes it
+print more evenly than when heat has been employed." But Mr. Spencer uses a
+nitrate of silver solution of 90 or 100 grains to the ounce, while DR.
+DIAMOND recommends 40 grains. Now as it is very desirable to get rid of the
+ironing if possible, my Query is, Will the 40-grain solution coagulate the
+albumen so as to do away with that troublesome process?
+
+P. P.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Table-turning_ (Vol. ix., p. 39.).--The following conclusions, from an
+_expose_ of the laws of nature relating to this subject, have been
+submitted to the world, at the end of a series of articles in the _Revue
+des Deux Mondes_, by M. Babinet, of the French Institute:
+
+    "1^o. Que tout ce qui est raisonnablement admissible dans les curieuses
+    experiences qui ont ete faites sur le mouvement des tables ou l'on
+    impose les mains, est parfaitement explicable par l'energie bien connue
+    des mouvemens naissans de nos organes, pris a leur origine, surtout
+    quand une influence nerveuse vient s'y joindre et au moment ou, toutes
+    les impulsions etant conspirantes, l'effet produit represente l'effet
+    total des actions individuelles.
+
+    "2^o. Que dans l'etude consciencieuse de ces phenomenes
+    mecanico-physiologiques, il faudra ecarter toute intervention de force
+    mysterieuse en contradiction avec les lois physiques bien etablies par
+    l'observation et l'experience.
+
+    "3^o. Qu'il faudra aviser a populariser, non pas dans la peuple, mais
+    bien dans la classe eclairee de la societe, les principes des sciences.
+    Cette classe si importante, dont l'autorite devrait faire loi pour
+    toute la nation, s'est deja montree plusieurs fois au-dessous de cette
+    noble mission. La remarque n'est pas de moi, mais au besoin je l'adopte
+    et la defends:
+
+     'Si les raisons manquaient, je suis sur qu'en tout cas,
+      Les exemples fameux ne me manqueraient pas!'
+
+    Comme le dit Moliere. Il est a constater que l'initiative des
+    reclamations en faveur du bon sens contre les prestiges des tables et
+    des chapeaux a ete prise par les membres eclaires du clerge de France.
+
+    "4^o. Enfin, les faiseurs des miracles sont instamment supplies de
+    vouloir bien, s'ils ne peuvent s'empecher d'en faire, au moins ne pas
+    les faire absurdes. Imposer la croyance a un miracle, c'est deja
+    beaucoup dans ce siecle; mais vouloir nous convaincre de la realite
+    d'un miracle ridicule, c'est vraiment etre trop exigeant!"--_Revue des
+    Deux Mondes_, Janvier 15, 1854.
+
+J. M.
+
+Oxford.
+
+_Female Dress_ (Vol. ix., p. 271.).--I have dresses from 1768 to the
+present time, two or three years only missing, from pocket-books, which I
+have carefully arranged and had bound in a volume. On referring to it I
+find that hoops ceased after 1786, excepting for court days. The ladies at
+that time wore large hats, the same shape young people and children have at
+the present day. Powder went out at the time of the scarcity, patches
+before hoops, and high-heeled shoes when short waists came in fashion.
+
+I have a small engraving of their Majesties, attended by the lord
+chamberlain, &c., together with the Princess Royal, Prince Edward, and the
+Princess Elizabeth, in their boxes at the opera in the year 1782. The queen
+in a very large hoop, each with their hair full powdered; and the
+celebrated Mademoiselle Theodore, in the favourite comic ballad called "Les
+Petits Reins," the same year, with a large hoop, hair well powdered, a
+little hat at the back of her head with long strings, very short
+petticoats, and shoes with buckles.
+
+JULIA R. BOCKETT.
+
+Southcote Lodge.
+
+_Office of Sexton held by one Family_ (Vol. ix., p. 171.).--A search into
+parish registers would, I think, show that the office of clerk was often a
+hereditary one. In Worcestershire, for example, the family of Rose at
+Bromsgrove, and the family of Osborne at Belbroughton, have supplied
+hereditary clerks to those parishes through many generations. In the latter
+case, also, the trade of a tailor has also been hereditary to an Osborne,
+in conjunction with his duties as clerk. The Mr. Tristram, who was the
+patron of the living of Belbroughton (afterwards sold to St. John's
+College, Oxford), states, in a letter to the bishop (Lyttelton), that the
+Osbornes were tailors in Belbroughton in the reign of Henry VIII. They are
+tailors, as well as clerks, to this day, but they can trace their descent
+to a period of more than {503} three centuries before Henry VIII. The
+office of parish clerk and sexton has also been hereditary in the parishes
+of Hope and King's Norton, Worcestershire.
+
+CUTHBERT BEDE, B. A.
+
+_Lyra's Commentary_ (Vol. ix., p. 323.).--The human figure described by
+EDWARD PEACOCK as impressed on one cover of his curious old copy of the
+_Textus biblie_, &c., has no glory round the head, or over it, by his
+account. This would warrant the conclusion that it was not intended for any
+saint, or it might almost pass for a St. Christopher. But I believe it is
+meant as emblematic of a Christian generally, in his passage through this
+life. I suspect that what MR. PEACOCK speaks of as a "fence composed of
+interlaced branches of trees," is intended to represent waves of water by
+undulating lines. The figure appears to be wading through the waters of the
+tribulations of this life, by the help of his staff, just as St.
+Christopher is represented. This may account for the loose appearance of
+his nether habiliments, which are tucked up, so as to leave the knees bare.
+The wallet is a very fit accompaniment for the pilgrim's staff. The wicker
+basket holds his more precious goods; but, to show the insecurity of their
+tenure, the pilgrim has a sword ready for their defence.
+
+It is not so easy to account for the animals on the other cover. My
+conjecture is, that at least the four lower ones are meant for the
+emblematic figures of the four evangelists. The bird may be the eagle, the
+monkey the man; the dog may, on closer scrutiny, be found to look something
+like the ox or calf; and the lion speaks for itself. But I can attempt no
+explanation of the upper figures, which MR. PEACOCK says "may be horses." I
+should much like to see drawings of the whole, both human and animal,
+having a great predilection for studying such puzzles. But if the above
+hints prove of any service, it will gratify
+
+F. C. HUSENBETH, D.D.,
+
+Compiler of the _Emblems of Saints_.
+
+_Blackguard_ (Vol. vii., p. 77. Vol. viii., p. 414.).--Many contributions
+towards the history of this word have appeared in the pages of "N. & Q."
+May I forward another instance of its being in early use, although not
+altogether in its modern acceptation?
+
+A copy of a medical work in my possession (a 12mo., printed in 1622, and in
+the original binding) has fly-leaves from some _printed_ book, as is often
+the case in volumes of that date. These fly-leaves seem to be part of some
+descriptive sketches of different classes of society, published towards the
+early part of the seventeenth century; and some of your readers may be able
+to identify the work from my description of these of sheets. No. 14. is
+headed "An unworthy Judge;" 16. "An unworthy Knight and Souldier;" 17. "A
+worthy Gentleman;" 18. "An unworthy Gentleman," &c. At p 13., No. 27.,
+occurs "A Bawde of the Blacke Guard," with her description in about sixteen
+lines. She is said to be "well verst in the black art, to accommodate them
+of the black guard: a weesel-look't gossip she is in all places, where herr
+mirth is a bawdy tale," and so on.
+
+Judging from these fly-leaves, the work from which they have been taken
+appears to have been an octavo or small quarto. "Finis" stands on the
+reverse of the leaf whence my extract is copied.
+
+JAYDEE.
+
+Another instance of the use of the word _black-guard_, in the sense given
+to it in "N. & Q." (Vol. ii., pp. 170. 285.), is to be found in Burton's
+_Anatomy of Melancholy_, part i. sect. 2., "A Digression of the Nature of
+Spirits, bad Angels, or Devils, &c.," in a passage, part of which is given
+as a quotation. "Generally they far excel men in worth, as a man the
+meanest worme;" though some of then are "inferior to those of their own
+rank in worth, as the _black-guard_ of a prince's court, and to men again,
+as some degenerate, base, rational creatures are excelled of brute beasts."
+The edition of Burton I quote from is 1652.
+
+C. DE D.
+
+    "Augustus Caesar on a time, as he was passing through Rome, and saw
+    certain strange women lulling apes and whelps in their arms: 'What!'
+    said he; 'have the women of these countries none other children?' So
+    may I say unto you [Dr. Cole], that make so much of Gerson, Driedo,
+    Royard, and Tapper: Have the learned men of your side none other
+    doctors? For, alas! these that ye allege are scarcely worthy to be
+    allowed amongst the _black guard_."--Bp. Jewel's _Works_ (P. S. ed.),
+    vol. i. p. 72.
+
+This is, I think, an earlier example than any that has yet been given in
+"N. & Q."
+
+W. P. STORER.
+
+Olney, Bucks.
+
+"_Atonement_" (Vol. ix., p. 271.).--The word [Greek: katallage], used by
+Aeschylus and Demosthenes, occurs 2 Cor. v. 19., Rom. xi. 15. v. 11. The
+word _atonement_ bears two senses: the first, _reconciliation_, as used by
+Sir Thomas More, Shakspeare, Beaumont and Fletcher, and Bishops Hall and
+Taylor; the second, _expiation_, as employed by Milton, Swift, and Cowper.
+In the latter meaning, we find it in Numbers, and other books of the Old
+Testament, as the translation of [Greek: hilasma].
+
+Waterland speaks of "the doctrine of expiation, atonement, or satisfaction,
+made by Christ in His blood" (_Disc. of Fundamentals_, vol. v. p. 82.).
+Barrow, Secker, and Beveridge use the word _atone_ or _atonement_ in this
+combined sense of the term. R. Gloucester, Chaucer, and Dryden expressly
+speak "at one," in a similar way; and, {504} not to multiply passages, we
+may merely cite Tyndal:
+
+    "There is but one mediator, Christ, as saith St. Paul, 1 Tim. ii., and
+    by that word understand an _atone-maker_, a peace-maker, and bringer
+    into grace and favour, having full power so to do."--_Expos. of Tracy's
+    Testament_, p. 275., Camb. 1850.
+
+MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.
+
+As a contribution towards the solution of J. H. B.'s Query, I send you the
+following extracts from Richardson's _Dictionary_:
+
+    "And like as he made the Jewes and the Gentiles _at one_ between
+    themselves, even so he made them both _at one_ with God, that there
+    should be nothing to break the _atonement_; but that the thynges in
+    heaven and the thynges in earth shoulde be ioyned together as it were
+    into _one_ body."--_Udal_, _Ephesians_, c. ii.
+
+    "Paul sayth, 1 Tim. ij., 'One God, one Mediatour (that is to say,
+    aduocate, intercessor, or an _atonemaker_) betwene God and man: the man
+    Christ Jesus, which gaue himself a raunsom for all men."--Tyndal,
+    _Workes_, p. 158.
+
+I am unacquainted with the work referred to in the first extract. The
+second is from _The Whole Works of W. Tindal, John Frith, and Dr. Barnes_
+[edited by Foxe], Lond. 1573. The title of the work which contains the
+passage is, _The Obedience of a Christian Man, set forth by William
+Tindal_, 1528, Oct. 2.
+
+[Greek: Halieus].
+
+Dublin.
+
+_Bible of 1527_ (Vol. ix., p. 352.).--In reference to the monogram inquired
+after in this Query, I think I have seen it, or one very similar, among the
+"mason marks" on Strasburg Tower, which would seem a place of Freemason
+pilgrimage: for the soft stone is deeply carved in various places within
+the tower with such marks as this, together with initials and dates of
+visit. I have also marks very similar from the stones of the tower of the
+pretty little cathedral of Freiburg, Briesgau. I should incline to think it
+a Masonic mark, and not that of an engraver on wood, or of a printer.
+
+A. B. R.
+
+Belmont.
+
+_Shrove Tuesday_ (Vol. ix., p. 324.).--The bell described as rung on Shrove
+Tuesday at Newbury, was no doubt the old summons which used to call our
+ancestors to the priest to be shrived, or confessed, on that day. It is
+commonly called the "Pancake Bell," because it was also the signal for the
+cook to put the pancake on the fire. This savoury couplet occurs in _Poor
+Robin_ for 1684:
+
+ "But hark, I hear the pancake bell,
+  And fritters make a gallant smell."
+
+The custom of ringing this bell has been retained in many parishes. It is
+orthodoxly rung at Ecclesfield from eleven to twelve a.m. Plenty of
+information on this subject may be found in Brand's _Popular Antiquities_.
+
+ALFRED GATTY.
+
+_Milton's Correspondence_ (Vol. viii., p. 640.).--A translation of Milton's
+Latin familiar correspondence, made by John Hall, Esq., of the Philadelphia
+bar, now a Presbyterian clergyman at Trenton, N.J., was published about
+eighteen or twenty years ago in this city.
+
+UNEDA.
+
+Philadelphia
+
+"_Verbatim et literatim_" (Vol. ix., p. 348.).--Your correspondent L. H. J.
+TONNA, in proposing for the latter part of the above phrase the form _ad
+literam_, might as well have extended his amendment, and suggested _ad
+verbum et literam_; for I should imagine there is quite as little authority
+for the word _verbatim_ being used in the Latin language, as for that of
+_literatim_. Vossius is an authority for the latter; but can any of your
+correspondents oblige me by citing one for the former, notwithstanding its
+frequent adoption in English conversation and writings? Neither _verbatim_
+nor _literatim_ will be found in Riddle.
+
+N. L. J.
+
+_Epigrams_ (Vol. vii., p. 175.).--The epigram, "How D.D. swaggers, M.D.
+rolls," &c., was written by Horace Smith, and may be found in the _New
+Monthly Magazine_ for 1823, in the article called "Grimm's Ghost. Letter
+XII."
+
+UNEDA.
+
+Philadelphia.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+NOTES ON BOOKS, ETC.
+
+In days like these, when so many of our new books are but old ones newly
+dressed up, a work of original research, and for which the materials have
+been accumulated by the writer with great labour and diligence, deserves
+especial commendation. Of such a character is the _Catholic History of
+England; its Rulers, Clergy, and Poor, before the Reformation, as described
+by the Monkish Historians_, by Bernard William MacCabe, of which the third
+volume, extending from the reign of Edward Martyr to the Norman Conquest,
+has just been published. The volumes bear evidence in every page that they
+are, as the author describes them, "the results of the writing and research
+of many hours--the only hours for many years that I had to spare from other
+and harder toils." Himself a zealous and sincere follower of the "ancient
+faith," Mr. MacCabe's views of the characters and events of which he is
+treating, naturally assume the colouring of his own mind: many, therefore,
+will dissent from them. None of his readers will, however, dissent from
+bestowing upon his work the praise of being carefully compiled and most
+originally written. None will deny the charm with which Mr. MacCabe has
+invested his History, by his admirable mode of making the old Monkish
+writers tell their own story. {505}
+
+We some time since called the attention of our readers to a new periodical
+which had been commenced at Goettingen, under the title of _Zeitschrift
+fuer Deutsche Mythologie und Sittenkunde_, under the editorship of T. W.
+Wolf. We have since received the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th Parts of it from Messrs.
+Williams and Norgate, and hope shortly to transfer from its pages to our
+columns a few of the many curious illustrations of our own Folk Lore, with
+which it abounds.
+
+BOOKS RECEIVED.--_The Works of John Locke_, vol. i., _Philosophical Works,
+with a preliminary Essay and Notes_, by J. A. St. John, is the first volume
+of a collected edition of the writings of this distinguished English
+philosopher, intended to form a portion of Bohn's _Standard Library_.--_The
+Diary and Letters of Madame D'Arblay_, vol. iv., 1788-89. Worth more than
+its cost for its pictures of Fox, Burke, Wyndham, &c., and Hastings'
+Impeachment.--_A Poet's Children_, by Patrick Scott. A shilling's worth of
+miscellaneous poems from the pen of this imaginative but somewhat eccentric
+bard.--_Points of War, I. II. III. IV._, by Franklin Lushington. Mr.
+Lushington is clearly an admirer of Tennyson, and has caught not a little
+of the mannerism and not a few of the graces of his great model.
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+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+EDEN WARWICK. _The paragraph respecting the Crystal Palace has already
+appeared in our columns._
+
+SIGMA. _How can we forward a letter to this Correspondent?_
+
+ENQUIRER. _Our Correspondent's Query is not apparent. The Rolls House and
+Chapel, in Chancery Lane, never "reverted to their original use," that is,
+as a House of Maintenance for Converted Jews._
+
+J. G. T. _For the origin of Bands worn by clergymen, lawyers, and others,
+see our Second Volume_, pp. 23. 76. 126.
+
+"VITA CRUCEM," &c. _We have to apologise for having mislaid the copy of the
+following distich, requesting a translation as well as the authorship of
+it:_
+
+ "Vita crucem, et vivas, hominem si noscere velles,
+  Quis, quid, cur, cujus passus amore fuit."
+
+_Which may be literally translated, _"Shun the Cross, that you may live, if
+you would know Him aright, Who and what He was, why and for love of whom He
+suffered."_ These lines seem to be a caveat against the adoration of the
+material Cross, and were probably composed during the domination of the
+fanatics in Cromwell's time, when that redoubtable Goth, Master William
+Dowsing, demolished whatever was inscribed with the Cross, whether of
+brass, marble, or other material.--Our Correspondent will find the line,
+_"A falcon towering in his pride of place,"_ in _Macbeth_, Act II. Sc. 4._
+
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+
+W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the possession of
+Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his Inquiries are
+greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen engaged in
+Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to undertake searches
+among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient Wills, or
+other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch of Literature,
+History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which he has had
+considerable experience.
+
+1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, HATCHAM, SURREY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+DR. DE JONGH'S LIGHT BROWN COD LIVER OIL. Prepared for medicinal use in the
+Loffoden Isles, Norway, and put to the test of chemical analysis. The most
+effectual remedy for Consumption, Asthma, Gout, Chronic Rheumatism, and all
+Scrofulous Diseases.
+
+Approved of and recommended by BERZELIUS, LIEBIG, WOEHLER, JONATHAN
+PEREIRA, FOUQUIER, and numerous other eminent medical men and scientific
+chemists in Europe. Specially rewarded with medals by the Governments of
+Belgium and the Netherlands. Has almost entirely superseded all other kinds
+on the Continent, in consequence of its proved superior power and
+efficacy--effecting a cure much more rapidly. Contains iodine, phosphate of
+chalk, volatile acid, and the elements of the bile--in short, all its most
+active and essential principles--in larger quantities than the pale oils
+made in England and Newfoundland, deprived mainly of these by their mode of
+preparation. A pamphlet by Dr. de Jongh, with detailed remarks upon its
+superiority, directions for use, cases in which it has been prescribed with
+the greatest success, and testimonials, forwarded gratis on application.
+
+The subjoined testimonial of BARON LIEBIG, Professor of Chemistry at the
+University of Giessen, is selected from innumerable others from medical and
+scientific men of the highest distinction:
+
+    "SIR,--I have the honour of addressing you my warmest thanks for your
+    attention in forwarding me your work on the chemical composition and
+    properties, as well as on the medicinal effects, of various kinds of
+    Cod Liver Oil.
+
+    "You have rendered an essential service to science by your researches,
+    and your efforts to provide sufferers with this Medicine in its purest
+    and most genuine state, must ensure you the gratitude of every one who
+    stands in need of its use.
+
+    "I have the honor of remaining, with expressions of the highest regard
+    and esteem,
+
+             "Yours sincerely,
+                 "DR. JUSTUS LIEBIG."
+
+         "Giessen, Oct. 30. 1847.
+     "To Dr. de Jongh at the Hague."
+
+Sold Wholesale and Retail, in bottles, labelled with Dr. de Jongh's Stamp
+and Signature, by ANSAR, HARFORD, & CO., 77. Strand, Sole Consignees and
+Agents for the United Kingdom and British Possessions; and by all
+respectable Chemists and Venders of Medicine in Town and Country, at the
+following prices:--Imperial Measure, Half-pints, 2s. 6d.; Pints, 4s. 9d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+On 1st June will be published, Part I., price 4s.
+
+MISCELLANEA GRAPHICA: a Collection of Ancient Mediaeval and Renaissance
+Remains, in the possession of the LORD LONDESBOROUGH. Illustrated by F. W.
+FAIRHOLT, F.S.A., &c.
+
+The Work will be published in Nine Quarterly Parts, of royal 4to. size,
+each Part containing Four Plates, One of which will be in
+Chromo-lithography, representing Jewellery, Antique Plate, Arms, and
+Armour, and Miscellaneous Antiquities.
+
+London: CHAPMAN & HALL, 193. Piccadilly.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Just published, in 4 vols. 8vo., price 2l. in Sheets.
+
+ORIGINES KALENDARIAE ITALICAE; Nundinal Calendars of Ancient Italy;
+Nundinal Calendar of Romulus; Calendar of Numa Pompilius; Calendar of the
+Decemvirs; Irregular Roman Calendar, and Julian Correction. TABLES OF THE
+ROMAN CALENDAR, from U.C. 4 of Varro B.C. 750 to U.C. 1108 A.D. 355. By
+EDWARD GRESWELL. B.D., Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford.
+
+Oxford: at the UNIVERSITY PRESS.
+
+Sold by JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford, and 377. Strand, London; and GARDNER, 7.
+Paternoster Row.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Just published, 8vo., price 2s. 6d.
+
+PRELIMINARY ADDRESS of the ORIGINES KALENDARIAE ITALICAE, lately published
+at the OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS. With some further observations. By EDWARD
+GRESWELL, B.D., Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Oxford.
+
+JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford; and 377. Strand, London.
+
+Cambridge: J. DEIGHTON.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Just published, 8vo., price 10s. in Sheets.
+
+THEODORETI Episcopi Cyri Ecclesiasticae Historiae Libri Quinque cum
+Interpretatione Latina et Annotationibus Henrici Valesii. Recensuit THOMAS
+GAISFORD, S. T. P., Aedis Christi Decanus necnon Linguae Graecae Professor
+Regius.
+
+Oxonii: E TYPOGRAPHEO ACADEMICO.
+
+Sold by JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford, and 377. Strand, London; and GARDNER, 7.
+Paternoster Row.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Just published, 8vo., price 5s. 6d. in Sheets.
+
+SYNODUS ANGLICANA. By Edmund Gibson, D.D., afterwards Bishop of London.
+Edited by EDWARD CARDWELL, D.D., Principal of St. Alban's Hall.
+
+Oxford: at the UNIVERSITY PRESS.
+
+Sold by JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford, and 337. Strand, London; and GARDNER, 7.
+Paternoster Row.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description of
+upwards of 100 articles consisting of PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS,
+Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and
+other travellers' requisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by Post
+on receipt of Two Stamps.
+
+MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their
+Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new
+Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best articles
+of the kind ever produced.
+
+J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 23. West Strand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{507}
+
+COLLODION PORTRAITS AND VIEWS obtained with the greatest ease and certainty
+by using BLAND & LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton; certainty and
+uniformity of action over a lengthened period, combined with the most
+faithful rendering of the half-tones, constitute this a most valuable agent
+in the hands of the photographer.
+
+Albumenized paper, for printing from glass or paper negatives, giving a
+minuteness of detail unattained by any other method, 5s. per Quire.
+
+Waxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality.
+
+Instruction in the Processes.
+
+BLAND & LONG, Opticians and Photographical Instrument Makers, and Operative
+Chemists, 153. Fleet Street, London.
+
+*** Catalogues sent on application.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE SIGHT preserved by the Use of SPECTACLES adapted to suit every variety
+of Vision by means of SMEE'S OPTOMETER, which effectually prevents Injury
+to the Eyes from the Selection of Improper Glasses, and is extensively
+employed by
+
+BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet Street, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous
+Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.
+
+Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest
+Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.
+
+Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this
+beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.--J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, have,
+by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal,
+they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any
+other hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and
+appreciation of half-tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed.
+
+Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of
+Photography. Instruction in the Art.
+
+THE COLLODION AND POSITIVE PAPER PROCESS. By J. B. HOCKIN. Price 1s., per
+Post, 1s. 2d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.
+
+OTTEWILL AND MORGAN'S
+
+Manufactory, 24. & 25. Charlotte Terrace, Caledonian Road, Islington.
+
+OTTEWILL'S Registered Double Body Folding Camera, adapted for Landscapes or
+Portraits, may be had of A. ROSS, Featherstone Buildings, Holborn; the
+Photographic Institution, Bond Street; and at the Manufactory as above,
+where every description of Cameras, Slides, and Tripods may be had. The
+Trade supplied.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC APPARATUS, MATERIALS, and PURE CHEMICAL PREPARATIONS.
+
+KNIGHT & SONS' Illustrated Catalogue, containing Description and Price of
+the best forms of Cameras and other Apparatus. Voightlander and Son's
+Lenses for Portraits and Views, together with the various Materials, and
+pure Chemical Preparations required in practising the Photographic Art.
+Forwarded free on receipt of Six Postage Stamps.
+
+Instructions given in every branch of the Art.
+
+An extensive Collection of Stereoscopic and other Photographic Specimens.
+
+GEORGE KNIGHT & SONS, Foster Lane, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+    Important Sale by Auction of the whole of the remaining Copies of that
+    splendid National Work, known as "FINDEN'S ROYAL GALLERY OF BRITISH
+    ART," the engraved Plates of which will be destroyed during the
+    Progress of the Sale, and in the presence of the Purchasers.
+
+SOUTHGATE & BARRETT have received instructions from MR. HOGARTH, of the
+Haymarket, to Sell by Public Auction at their Fine Art and Book Auction
+Rooms, 22. Fleet Street, London, on Wednesday Evening, June 7th, and
+following Evenings,
+
+THE WHOLE OF THE REMAINING COPIES
+
+Of the very Celebrated Work, known as
+
+FINDEN'S ROYAL GALLERY OF BRITISH ART,
+
+Consisting of a limited number of Artists' and other choice proofs, and the
+print impressions, which are all in an exceedingly fine state. The work
+consists of 48 plates, the whole of which are engraved in line by the most
+eminent men in that branch of art, and the pictures selected will at once
+show that the great artists--Turner, Eastlake, Landseer, Stanfield,
+Webster, Roberts, Wilkie, Maclise, Mulready, and more than thirty other
+British Masters, are represented by the works which established and upheld
+them in public favour, and by themes which appeal to universal sympathy and
+happiest affections, or which delineate the peculiar glories of our
+country, and commemorate its worthiest and most honourable achievements.
+
+The attention of the public is also particularly directed to the fact that
+ALL THE ENGRAVED PLATES from which the impressions now offered have been
+taken, WILL BE DESTROYED IN THE PRESENCE OF THE PURCHASERS, at the time of
+Sale. By thus securing the market from being supplied with inferior
+impressions at a future time, and at a cheaper rate, the value of the
+existing stock will be increased, and it will become the interest of all
+who wish to possess copies of these eminent works of art, at a reduced
+price, to purchase them at this Sale, which will be THE ONLY OPPORTUNITY of
+obtaining them.
+
+Under these circumstances, therefore, SOUTHGATE & BARRETT presume to demand
+for this Sale the attention of all lovers of art--the amateur, the artist,
+and the public:--believing that no opportunity has ever offered so happily
+calculated to promote taste and to extend knowledge, while ministering to
+the purest and best enjoyments which the artist conveys to the hearts and
+homes of all who covet intellectual pleasures.
+
+Framed Copies of the work can be seen at MR. HOGARTH'S, 5. Haymarket;
+MESSRS. LLOYD, BROTHERS, & CO., 22. Ludgate Hill; and at the AUCTIONEERS,
+22. Fleet Street, by whom all Communications and Commissions will be
+promptly and faithfully attended to.
+
+*** Catalogues of the entire Sale will be forwarded on Receipt of 12
+Postage Stamps.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+    Sale by Auction of the Stocks of extremely Valuable Modern Engravings,
+    the engraved Plates of which will be destroyed in the presence of the
+    Purchasers at the Time of Sale.
+
+SOUTHGATE & BARRETT beg to announce that they will include in their Sale by
+Auction of "FINDEN'S ROYAL GALLERY," and other Valuable Works of Art of a
+similar character, to take place at their Fine Art and Book Auction Rooms,
+22. Fleet Street, London, on Wednesday Evening, June 7th, and Seventeen
+following Evenings (Saturdays and Sundays excepted), the whole of the
+STOCKS OF PROOFS AND PRINTS of the following HIGHLY IMPORTANT ENGRAVINGS,
+published by MR. HOGARTH and MESSRS. LLOYD & CO.
+
+    "Ehrenbreitstein," painted by J. M. W. Turner, R. A., engraved by John
+    Pye. "Ecce Homo," from the picture by Correggio, engraved by G. T. Doo.
+    "The Dame School," painted by T. Webster, R. A., engraved by L. Stocks.
+    "Eton Montem," two views illustrative of, from pictures by Evans of
+    Eton, engraved by Charles Lewis. "Portrait of Mrs. Elizabeth Fry,"
+    engraved by Samuel Cousins, A.R.A., from a picture by George Richmond.
+    "Portraits of eminent Persons," by George Richmond and C. Baugniet.
+    "Portrait of W. C. Macready, Esq., as Werner," painted by D. Maclise,
+    R. A., engraved by Sharpe. Flowers of German Art, a series of 20 plates
+    by the most eminent engravers. Cranstone's Fugitive Etchings, 17
+    plates. Turner and Girtin's River Scenery, 30 plates. "Cottage Piety,"
+    painted by Thomas Faed, engraved by Henry Lemon (unpublished). "See
+    Saw," painted by T. Webster, R. A., engraved by Holl (unpublished).
+    "Village Pastor," painted by W. P. Frith, R. A., engraved by Holl. "The
+    Immaculate Conception," painted by Guido, engraved in line by W. H.
+    Watt. "Harvey demonstrating to Charles the First his Theory of the
+    Circulation of the Blood," painted by Hannah, engraved by Lemon. "The
+    Origin of Music," painted by Selous, engraved by Wass. "The First
+    Step," painted by Faed, engraved by Sharpe. "The Prize Cartoons,"
+    published by Messrs. Longmans & Co. And numerous other highly
+    interesting and valuable works of Art.
+
+ALL THE ENGRAVED PLATES of the above-mentioned engravings WILL BE DESTROYED
+in the presence of the purchasers at the time of sale, which will thereby
+secure to the purchasers the same advantages as are mentioned in the
+advertisement given above, of the sale of the remaining copies of "Finden's
+Royal Gallery."
+
+Framed Impressions of each of the plates can be seen at MR. HOGARTH'S, 5.
+Haymarket; at MESSRS. LLOYD, BROTHERS, & CO., 22. Ludgate Hill; and at the
+AUCTIONEERS, 22. Fleet Street, by whom all communications and commissions
+will be promptly and faithfully attended to.
+
+*** Catalogues of the entire sale will be forwarded on receipt of 12
+Postage Stamps.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+    The very extensive, highly important, and extremely choice Stock of
+    MODERN ENGLISH AND FOREIGN ENGRAVINGS, WATER-COLOUR DRAWINGS, and
+    expensive Books of Prints, of MR. HOGARTH of the Haymarket.
+
+SOUTHGATE & BARRETT will Sell by Auction at their Fine Art and Book Auction
+Rooms, 22. Fleet Street, on Wednesday Evening, June 7th, and Seventeen
+following Evenings (Saturdays and Sundays excepted), in the same sale as
+the "FINDEN'S ROYAL GALLERY OF BRITISH ART," this extremely valuable and
+highly interesting Stock. Amongst the ENGRAVINGS will be found in the BEST
+STATES OF ARTISTS' and other CHOICE PROOFS, nearly all the popular plates
+that have been published during the last quarter of a century; also an
+Important Collection of Foreign Line Engravings in the best states; a large
+variety of Portraits and other subjects after Sir Joshua Reynolds, some
+very rare; an extensive series of prints by Hogarth, in early proofs, and
+with curious variations; a most complete series of artists' proofs of the
+works of George Cruikshank, including nearly all his early productions,
+many unique; a number of scarce Old Prints, and a series in fine states by
+Sir Robert Strange. The Stock is peculiarly rich in the works of J. M. W.
+Turner, R. A., and comprises artists' proofs and the choicest states of all
+his important productions, and matchless copies of the England and Wales
+and Southern Coast. The Collection of HIGH-CLASS WATER-COLOUR DRAWINGS
+consists of examples of the most eminent artists (particularly some
+magnificent specimens by J. M. W. Turner), as well as a great variety of
+the early English School, and some by the Ancient Masters; also a most
+interesting Collection by Members of the Sketching Society. Of the Modern
+School are examples by--
+
+  Absolon        |  Lewis, J.
+  Austin         |  Liverseege
+  Barrett        |  Maclise
+  Cattermole     |  Muller
+  Collins        |  Nesfield
+  Fielding, C.   |  Prout
+  Holland        |  Tayler, F.
+  Hunt           |  Uwins
+  Landseer, E.   |  Webster
+  Leslie         |  Wilkie
+
+Catalogues of the entire Sale will be forwarded on receipt of 12 postage
+stamps, and all communications and commissions promptly and faithfully
+attended to.
+
+22. Fleet Street, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{508}
+
+WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.
+
+3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
+
+Founded A.D. 1842.
+
+  _Directors._
+
+  H. E. Bicknell, Esq.          | T. Grissell, Esq.
+  T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P.  | J. Hunt, Esq.
+  G. H. Drew, Esq.              | J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.
+  W. Evans, Esq.                | E. Lucas, Esq.
+  W. Freeman, Esq.              | J. Lys Seager, Esq.
+  F. Fuller, Esq.               | J. B. White, Esq.
+  J. H. Goodhart, Esq.          | J. Carter Wood, Esq.
+
+  _Trustees._--W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell,
+      Esq.
+  _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.
+  _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.
+
+VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.
+
+POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary
+difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to
+suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in
+the Prospectus.
+
+Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in
+three-fourths of the Profits:--
+
+  Age       L   s.  d. | Age       L   s.  d.
+   17       1  14   4  |  32       2  10   8
+   22       1  18   8  |  37       2  18   6
+   27       2   4   5  |  42       3   8   2
+
+ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.
+
+Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions,
+INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING
+SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in
+the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a
+Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR
+SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3.
+Parliament Street, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BANK OF DEPOSIT. No. 3. Pall Mall East, and 7. St. Martin's Place,
+Trafalgar Square, London.
+
+_Established_ A.D. 1844.
+
+INVESTMENT ACCOUNTS may be opened daily, with capital of any amount.
+
+Interest payable in January and July.
+
+  PETER MORRISON.
+    Managing Director.
+
+Prospectuses and Forms sent free on application.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class X.,
+in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates,
+may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made
+Patent Levers, 17, 15 and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
+guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas.
+Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
+Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket
+Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully
+examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and
+4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.
+
+BENNETT. Watch, Clock and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the
+Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,
+
+65. CHEAPSIDE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CHUBB'S LOCKS, with all the recent improvements. Strong fire-proof safes,
+cash and deed boxes. Complete lists of sizes and prices may be had on
+application.
+
+    CHUBB & SON, 57. St. Paul's Churchyard, London; 28. Lord Street,
+    Liverpool; 16. Market Street, Manchester; and Horseley Fields,
+    Wolverhampton.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas each.--D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square
+(established A.D. 1785), sole manufacturers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25
+guineas each. Every instrument warranted. The peculiar advantages of these
+pianofortes arec best described in the following professional testimonial,
+signed by the majority of the leading musicians of the age:--"We, the
+undersigned members of the musical profession, having carefully examined
+the Royal Pianofortes manufactured by MESSRS. D'ALMAINE & CO., have great
+pleasure in bearing testimony to their merits and capabilities. It appears
+to us impossible to produce instruments of the same size possessing a
+richer and finer tone, more elastic touch, or more equal temperament, while
+the elegance of their construction renders them a handsome ornament for the
+library, boudoir, or drawing-room. (Signed) J. L. Abel, F. Benedict, H. R.
+Bishop, J. Blewitt, J. Brizzi, T. P. Chipp, P. Delavanti, C. H. Dolby,
+E. F. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen Glover, Henri Herz, E. Harrison, H. F.
+Hasse, J. L. Hatton, Catherine Hayes, W. H. Holmes, W. Kuhe, G. F.
+Kiallmark, E. Land, G. Lanza, Alexander Lee, A. Leffler, E. J. Loder, W. H.
+Montgomery, S. Nelson, G. A. Osborne, John Parry, H. Panofka, Henry
+Phillips, F. Praegar, E. F. Rimbault, Frank Romer, G. H. Rodwell, E.
+Rockel, Sims Reeves, J. Templeton, F. Weber, H. Westrop, T. H. Wright," &c.
+
+D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square. Lists and Designs Gratis.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Patronised by the Royal Family.
+
+TWO THOUSAND POUNDS for any person producing Articles superior to the
+following:
+
+THE HAIR RESTORED AND GREYNESS PREVENTED.
+
+BEETHAM'S CAPILLARY FLUID is acknowledged to be the most effectual article
+for Restoring the Hair in Baldness, strengthening when weak and fine,
+effectually preventing falling or turning grey, and for restoring its
+natural colour without the use of dye. The rich glossy appearance it
+imparts is the admiration of every person. Thousands have experienced its
+astonishing efficacy. Bottles 2s. 6d.; double size, 4s. 6d.; 7s. 6d. equal
+to 4 small; 11s. to 6 small; 21s. to 13 small. The most perfect beautifier
+ever invented.
+
+SUPERFLUOUS HAIR REMOVED.
+
+BEETHAM'S VEGETABLE EXTRACT does not cause pain or injury to the skin. Its
+effect is unerring, and it is now patronised by royalty and hundreds of the
+first families. Bottles, 5s.
+
+BEETHAM'S PLASTER is the only effectual remover of Corns and Bunions. It
+also reduces enlarged Great Toe Joints in an astonishing manner. If space
+allowed, the testimony of upwards of twelve thousand individuals, during
+the last five years, might be inserted. Packets, 1s.; Boxes, 2s. 6d. Sent
+Free by BEETHAM, Chemist, Cheltenham, for 14 or 36 Post Stamps.
+
+    Sold by PRING, 30. Westmorland Street; JACKSON, 9. Westland Row; BEWLEY
+    & EVANS, Dublin; GOULDING, 108. Patrick Street, Cork; BARRY, 9. Main
+    Street, Kinsale; GRATTAN, Belfast; MURDOCK, BROTHERS, Glasgow; DUNCAN &
+    FLOCKHART, Edinburgh. SANGER, 150. Oxford Street; PROUT, 229. Strand;
+    KEATING, St. Paul's Churchyard; SAVORY & MOORE, Bond Street; HANNAY,
+    63. Oxford Street; London. All Chemists and Perfumers will procure
+    them.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.
+
+THE EXHIBITION OF PHOTOGRAPHS, by the most eminent English and Continental
+Artists, is OPEN DAILY from Ten till Five. Free Admission.
+
+                                            L  s. d.
+  A Portrait by Mr. Talbot's Patent
+    Process                                 1  1  0
+  Additional Copies (each)                  0  5  0
+  A Coloured Portrait, highly finished
+    (small size)                            3  3  0
+  A Coloured Portrait, highly finished
+    (larger size)                           5  5  0
+
+Miniatures, Oil Paintings, Water-Colour, and Chalk Drawings, Photographed
+and Coloured in imitation of the Originals. Views of Country Mansions,
+Churches, &c., taken at a short notice.
+
+Cameras, Lenses, and all the necessary Photographic Apparatus and
+Chemicals, are supplied, tested, and guaranteed.
+
+Gratuitous Instruction is given to Purchasers of Sets of Apparatus.
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,
+168. New Bond Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ROSS & SONS' INSTANTANEOUS HAIR DYE, without Smell, the best and cheapest
+extant.--ROSS & SONS have several private apartments devoted entirely to
+Dyeing the Hair, and particularly request a visit, especially from the
+incredulous, as they will undertake to dye a portion of their hair, without
+charging, of any colour required, from the lightest brown to the darkest
+black, to convince them of its effect.
+
+Sold in cases at 3s. 6d., 5s. 6d., 12s., 15s., and 20s. each case. Likewise
+wholesale to the Trade by the pint, quart, or gallon.
+
+    Address, ROSS & SONS, 119. and 120. Bishopsgate Street, Six Doors from
+    Cornhill, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+HEAL & SON'S SPRING MATTRESSES.--The most durable Bedding is a well-made
+SPRING MATTRESS; it retains its elasticity, and will wear longer without
+repair than any other mattress, and with _one_ French Wool and Hair
+Mattress on it is a most luxurious Bed. HEAL & SON make them in three
+varieties. For prices of the different sizes and qualities, apply for HEAL
+& SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BEDSTEADS, and priced LIST OF BEDDING. It
+contains designs and prices of upwards of 100 Bedsteads, and prices of
+every description of Bedding, and is sent free by Post.
+
+HEAL & SON, 196. Tottenham Court Road.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ALLSOPP'S PALE or BITTER ALE.--MESSERS. S. ALLSOPP & SONS beg to inform the
+TRADE that they are now registering Orders for the March Brewings of their
+PALE ALE in Casks of 18 Gallons and upwards, at the BREWERY,
+Burton-on-Trent; and at the under-mentioned Branch Establishments:
+
+  LONDON, at 61. King William Street, City.
+  LIVERPOOL, at Cook Street.
+  MANCHESTER, at Ducie Place.
+  DUDLEY, at the Burnt Tree.
+  GLASGOW, at 115. St. Vincent Street.
+  DUBLIN, at 1. Crampton Quay.
+  BIRMINGHAM, at Market Hall.
+  SOUTH WALES, at 13. King Street, Bristol.
+
+MESSRS. ALLSOPP & SONS take the opportunity of announcing to PRIVATE
+FAMILIES that the ALES, so strongly recommended by the Medical Profession,
+may be procured in DRAUGHT and BOTTLES GENUINE from all the most
+RESPECTABLE LICENSED VICTUALLERS, on "ALLSOPP'S PALE ALE" being specially
+asked for.
+
+When in bottle the genuineness of the label can be ascertained by its
+having "ALLSOPP & SONS" written across it.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish of
+St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St.
+Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186.
+Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of
+London, Publisher at No. 186 Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, May 27,
+1854.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Corrections made to printed original.
+
+page 492, article Numbers, "and so on": 'and so one' in original.
+
+page 496, article Athens, "some verses recorded by Plutarch": 'versus' in
+original.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 239, May 27,
+1854, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, MAY 27, 1854 ***
+
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