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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of Two New Moles (Genus Scalopus) from Mexico
+and Texas, by Rollin H. Baker
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
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+
+Title: Two New Moles (Genus Scalopus) from Mexico and Texas
+
+Author: Rollin H. Baker
+
+Release Date: January 24, 2010 [EBook #31063]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK TWO NEW MOLES (GENUS SCALOPUS) ***
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+
+Two New Moles (Genus Scalopus)
+from Mexico and Texas
+
+
+BY
+
+ROLLIN H. BAKER
+
+
+University of Kansas Publications
+Museum of Natural History
+
+Volume 5, No. 2, pp. 17-24
+February 28, 1951
+
+
+University of Kansas
+LAWRENCE
+1951
+
+
+
+
+UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
+
+Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, Edward H. Taylor,
+A. Byron Leonard, Robert W. Wilson
+
+
+Volume 5, No. 2, pp. 17-24
+February 28, 1951
+
+UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS
+Lawrence, Kansas
+
+
+PRINTED BY
+FERD VOILAND, JR., STATE PRINTER
+TOPEKA, KANSAS
+1951
+
+
+23-6626
+
+
+
+
+Two New Moles (Genus Scalopus)
+from Mexico and Texas
+
+BY
+
+ROLLIN H. BAKER
+
+
+In the spring of 1950, a field party from the University of Kansas
+Museum of Natural History including J. R. Alcorn, W. J. Schaldach, Jr.,
+George Newton, and the author collected mammals in the Mexican state of
+Coahuila. A few days were spent in the Sierra del Carmen. One morning
+when examining sets for pocket gophers in these mountains, Alcorn found
+a mole caught in one of the traps. Subsequent examination discloses
+that this specimen belongs to a heretofore unknown species which may be
+named and described as follows:
+
+
+=Scalopus montanus= new species
+
+     _Type._--Male, adult, skin and skull plus body skeleton; no.
+     35668, Univ. Kansas Mus. Nat. Hist.; Club Sierra del Carmen,
+     2 mi. N and 6 mi. W Piedra Blanca, Coahuila, Mexico; 7 April
+     1950; obtained by J. R. Alcorn, original no. 11093.
+
+     _Range._--Known only from the type locality; probably found
+     in other localities in the Sierra del Carmen of northern
+     Coahuila, Mexico.
+
+     _Diagnosis._--Size medium and slender for the genus (see
+     measurements); tail medium in length, sparsely covered with
+     whitish hairs; claws of forefeet slender; upper parts near
+     (h) Buffy Brown (capitalized color terms after Ridgway,
+     Color Standards and Color Nomenclature, Washington, D. C.,
+     1912), with slight rufous wash on top of head; underparts
+     resemble upper parts but slightly paler with longitudinal
+     band of near (14) Sudan Brown extending from chin
+     posteriorly to and around base of tail, less intense on
+     breast; skull small, arched, and relatively slender
+     especially across mastoidal region; posterior part of
+     cranium depressed; foramen magnum low when viewed from rear;
+     external pterygoid region not greatly expanded; teeth small,
+     especially upper third molar.
+
+     _Comparison._--From _Scalopus aquaticus_, of which ten
+     subspecies have been seen including those of significant
+     geographic position, _S. montanus_ differs in: Skull
+     slenderer, less angular and relatively narrower across
+     mastoidal region; cranium arched with hind part flattened;
+     external pterygoid region less expanded; teeth relatively
+     small, especially last upper molar. From _S. inflatus_,
+     known to me from Jackson's description (N. Amer. Fauna,
+     38:53-54, pls. 2, 3, September 30, 1915), _S. montanus_
+     differs in: Skull less angular and slenderer, prelachrymal
+     region not inflated; zygomata slenderer.
+
+_Remarks._--_S. montanus_ is known from a single specimen, which
+represents the second known occurrence of the genus _Scalopus_ in
+Mexico. The other occurrence is that of _S. inflatus_ in the state of
+Tamaulipas. _S. montanus_ is geographically isolated in mountainous
+country from other species of _Scalopus_. Ten of the recognized
+subspecies of _S. aquaticus_ were available for examination and
+descriptions of others were studied. It was found that the number and
+magnitude of the differences separating any one of these subspecies
+from an adjoining one was less than those separating _S. montanus_ from
+_S. a. texanus_ and _S. a. intermedius_, which are, geographically,
+closest to _S. montanus_. _S. montanus_ seems not to be closely related
+to _S. inflatus_ of Tamaulipas. _S. montanus_ is given specific rank
+because of the great degree of difference between it and its nearest
+relatives, and because of its geographically isolated position.
+
+The specimen of _S. montanus_ was taken in a tunnel found by digging
+away a mound thought to be that of the pocket gopher, _Thomomys
+sturgisi_. A trap set in one direction in the tunnel caught the mole; a
+trap set in the other direction in the tunnel was later covered with
+soil, evidently by a gopher. After the capture a thorough inspection of
+the area revealed no "raised" tunnels, typical of _Scalopus_. A series
+of _Thomomys_ was taken in this area in sets placed in tunnels found
+under similar mounds. This locality was near the headquarters of the
+Club Sierra del Carmen in a parklike stand of oak timber in a canyon, at
+an elevation of 4950 ft. as recorded by our altimeter. The plant
+association was judged to be characteristic of the Upper Sonoran
+Life-zone, not far below the beginning of the Transition Life-zone. The
+area was heavily grazed by goats, hogs and horses and had little grass
+or other ground cover under the trees. The soil in this canyon was not
+deep and consisted of a rocky, marly mixture, pale red in color,
+evidently produced by weathering of the reddish volcanic rocks
+bordering the canyon.
+
+The Sierra del Carmen is a high, igneous range, surrounded for the most
+part by Lower Sonoran plains and desert. Zoologically, these mountains
+are poorly known. Few collectors have been in the area; most of these
+have been afforded accommodations through the Club Sierra del Carmen
+(Carmen Mountain Hunting Club), the members of which have been
+especially interested in assisting naturalists. Several kinds of
+mammals are known only from this "biological island" including the
+pocket gopher mentioned above and the shrew, _Sorex milleri_. The
+finding of a mole in the higher elevations of this range suggests that
+moles may occur in other mountainous areas of Mexico.
+
+Assistance with field work is acknowledged from the Kansas University
+Endowment Association.
+
+     _Measurements._--The adult, male holotype measures as
+     follows: Total length, 150; tail vertebrae, 27; hind foot,
+     20; greatest length (of skull), 32.2; palatilar length,
+     13.8; mastoidal breadth, 16.2; interorbital breadth, 7.0;
+     maxillary tooth-row, 11.3; greatest depth of skull including
+     auditory bullae, 9.4; weight, 38.6 grams.
+
+     _Specimen examined._--One, from the type locality.
+
+In studying _Scalopus aquaticus texanus_, I noted that Allen (Bull.
+Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 3:221, April 29, 1891) based the original
+description on a single, unsexed specimen taken in Presidio County,
+Texas, by Wm. Lloyd in September, 1887. Later, Allen wrote (Bull. Amer.
+Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:200, August 18, 1893) that a series of moles from
+Rockport, Aransas County, Texas, agreed essentially with the type. True
+(Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 19:22, December 21, 1896) believed that the
+type was actually from Aransas County rather than Presidio County. This
+belief was shared by later workers. In checking the literature, I find
+that the collector of the type, Wm. Lloyd, who was obtaining specimens
+for George B. Sennett at the time, took other mammals in September as
+well as in October of 1887 in Presidio County (see Allen, Bull. Amer.
+Mus. Nat. Hist., 3:221, 223, 224, April 29, 1891) and birds there in
+June of 1887 (see Sennett, Auk, 5:43, January, 1888). I can find no
+evidence that Lloyd collected in or near Aransas County in 1887 and see
+no reason for doubting that the locality, Presidio County, as written
+on the original label of the type of _S. a. texanus_ is correct. Mr. M.
+J. Carroll of the Texas State Historical Association advises me that in
+1887, Presidio County was reduced to its present size by the creation
+of Brewster and Jeff Davis counties. Lloyd might have taken the mole in
+any one of these three Trans-Pecos counties. Even so, these counties
+are widely separated geographically from the range of other moles
+designated as _S. a. texanus_ (see Davis, Amer. Midl. Nat., 27:386,
+March, 1942). The taking of _S. montanus_ in the Sierra del Carmen
+immediately south of Trans-Pecos Texas leads me to think that Lloyd's
+mole might have been taken in a mountainous region within one of the
+three counties mentioned above. A description of _Scalopus aquaticus
+texanus_ Allen follows:
+
+
+=Scalopus aquaticus texanus= Allen
+
+         _Scalops argentatus texanus_ Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus.
+         Nat. Hist., 3:221, April 29, 1891.
+
+     _Type._--Sex unknown, adult, skin no. 3488, skull no. 2740,
+     Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.; Presidio County, Texas; September,
+     1887, obtained by Wm. Lloyd.
+
+     _Range._--Limits of range in Trans-Pecos Texas unknown.
+
+     _Diagnosis._--Size small; rostrum heavy and broad; lower
+     jaws heavy; palatine space wide with upper tooth-rows arched
+     laterally; teeth large, especially fourth premolar and
+     molars.
+
+     _Comparison._--From adults of comparable age from Rockport,
+     Aransas County, Texas, _S. a. texanus_ differs in: Rostrum
+     broader and heavier; lower jaws heavier; palatine space
+     wider, with upper tooth-rows more arched laterally;
+     individual teeth in both jaws larger, especially fourth
+     premolar and molars. From _S. a. intermedius_, which is
+     geographically nearest to the northeast (adult specimens
+     from Meade, Clark and Barber counties, Kansas, and Dewey
+     County, Oklahoma), _S. a. texanus_ differs in: Size smaller;
+     rostrum less massive and shorter; tooth-row shorter.
+
+_Remarks._--The type has been previously examined by True (_op.
+cit._:44). The skin is faded and of little taxonomic worth. The
+anterior part of the skull is present along with both upper tooth-rows
+and most of the lower jaws. The teeth are well worn, indicative of old
+adulthood. In size, _S. a. texanus_ appears closest to moles from
+southern Texas (Rockport) which previously were assigned to the
+subspecies _Scalopus aquaticus texanus_. The tooth-rows are of the same
+length, but the individual teeth of _S. a. texanus_ are significantly
+larger.
+
+The moles in southern Texas previously ascribed to _Scalopus aquaticus
+texanus_ seem to be without a name and may be known as follows:
+
+
+=Scalopus aquaticus alleni= new subspecies
+
+         _Scalops texanus_, Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist.,
+         5:200, August 18, 1893.
+
+         _Scalops aquaticus texanus_ True, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus.,
+         19:21, December 21, 1896.
+
+         _Scalopus aquaticus texanus_ Jackson, N. Amer. Fauna,
+         38:50, September 30, 1915; Miller, U. S. Nat. Mus.,
+         Bull. 128:15, April 29, 1924; Davis, Amer. Midl. Nat.,
+         27:386, March, 1942.
+
+     _Type._--Male, adult, skin no. 7189, skull no. 5788, Amer.
+     Mus. Nat. Hist.; Rockport, Aransas County, Texas; 29 January
+     1893; obtained by H. P. Attwater.
+
+     _Range._--Southern Texas, north to Bexar County and east to
+     Refugio County (see Davis, _loc. cit._).
+
+     _Diagnosis._--Size small; according to Davis (_loc. cit._),
+     "... length of hind foot seldom more than 19 mm.; total
+     length seldom more than 140 mm. Skull small and flat, seldom
+     exceeding 33 mm. in occipitonasal length and seldom
+     equalling 10 mm. in depth; maxillary breadth usually less
+     than 10 mm.; alveolar length of maxillary tooth row seldom
+     more than 10.5 mm."
+
+     _Comparison._--From _S. a. cryptus_, geographically adjacent
+     to the east, _S. a. alleni_ differs in: Size smaller; color
+     paler; skull smaller and flatter. From _S. a. intermedius_,
+     geographically adjacent to the north, _S. a. alleni_ differs
+     in: Size smaller; skull smaller and flatter with shorter
+     tooth-row (see Davis, _op cit._:384, 385). For comparison
+     with _S. a. texanus_, see account of that subspecies.
+
+_Remarks._--This mole is named in honor of Dr. J. A. Allen in
+recognition for his work on Texas mammals. Grateful acknowledgment is
+made to those in charge of the collection of Recent mammals in the
+American Museum of Natural History for permitting me to examine the
+moles from Aransas County and the type specimen of _Scalops argentatus
+texanus_ Allen.
+
+_Transmitted January 15, 1951._
+
+
+23-6626
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Two New Moles (Genus Scalopus) from
+Mexico and Texas, by Rollin H. Baker
+
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