initial commit of ebook 30644HEADmain

11 files changed, 12220 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/.gitattributes b/.gitattributes
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6833f05
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitattributes
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+* text=auto
+*.txt text
+*.md text
diff --git a/30644-8.txt b/30644-8.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7a1b2ca
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30644-8.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3705 @@
+Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 233, April 15, 1854, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 233, April 15, 1854
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: December 10, 2009 [EBook #30644]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they
+are listed at the end of the text.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{341} NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+No. 233.]
+SATURDAY, APRIL 15. 1854.
+[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+  NOTES:--                                                    Page
+  Palindrome Verses                                            343
+  Children crying at their Birth                               343
+  Unpublished Letter of Lord Nelson, by E. G. Bass             344
+
+  FOLK LORE:--Devonshire Superstitions--Quacks--Burning a
+  Tooth with Salt                                              344
+  Parallel Passages, by H. L. Temple, Cuthbert Bede, &c.       345
+
+  MINOR NOTES:--Vallancey's Green Book--Herrings--Byron and
+  Rochefoucauld--"Abscond"--Garlands, Broadsheets, &c.--
+  Life-belts--Turkey and Russia--"Verbatim et literatim"       347
+
+  QUERIES:--
+  Prints of London before the Great Fire                       348
+  Battle of Otterburn, by J. S. Warden                         348
+  De Beauvoir Pedigree, by T. R. Potter                        349
+
+  MINOR QUERIES:--Dog-whippers: Frankincense--Atchievement in
+  Yorkshire: Lipyeatt Family--"Waestart"--Rebellion of 1715--
+  "Athenian Sport"--Gutta Percha made soluble--Arms of Anthony
+  Kitchen--Griesbach Arms--Postage System of the Romans--Three
+  Crowns and Sugar-loaf--Helen MacGregor--Francis Grose the
+  Antiquary--"King of Kings:" Bishop Andrews' Sermons--Scroope
+  Family--Harrison the Regicide: Lowle--"Chair" or "Char"--
+  Aches--Leeming Hall--Caricature; a Canterbury Tale--Perpetual
+  Curates not represented in Convocation--Dr. Whichcote and
+  Dorothy Jordan--Moral Philosophy--Shelley's "Prometheus
+  Unbound"--Turkish Language                                   349
+
+  MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Illustrated Bible of 1527--
+  Heraldic Query--Richard de Sancto Victorie--St. Blase        352
+
+  REPLIES:--
+  Leicester as Ranger of Snowdon                               353
+  Inman Family, by T. Hughes                                   353
+  Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, by Dr. E. F. Rimbault      354
+  Hardman's Account of Waterloo                                355
+  Churches in "Domesday Book," by Wm. Dobson                   355
+  Memoirs of Grammont, by W. H. Lammin                         356
+  Celtic and Latin Languages                                   356
+
+  PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Box Sawdust for Collodion--
+  Proportions of Chlorides and Silver--Photographic Copies of
+  Rembrandt--Coloured Photographs                              358
+
+  REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Dr. Eleazar Duncon--Christian
+  Names--Abigail--"Begging the question"--Russian Emperors--
+  Garble--Electric Telegraph--Butler's "Lives of the Saints"--
+  Anticipatory Use of the Cross--The Marquis of Granby, &c.    359
+
+  MISCELLANEOUS:--
+  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                                 362
+  Notices to Correspondents                                    362
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Just Published, with ten coloured Engravings, price 5s.,
+
+NOTES ON AQUATIC MICROSCOPIC SUBJECTS OF NATURAL HISTORY, selected from the
+"Microscopic Cabinet." By ANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I.
+
+Also, in 8vo., pp. 720. plates 24, price 21s., or coloured, 36s.,
+
+A HISTORY OF INFUSORIAL ANIMALCULES, Living and Fossil, containing
+Descriptions of every species, British and Foreign, the methods of
+procuring and viewing them, &c., illustrated by numerous Engravings. By
+ANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I.
+
+    "There is no work extant in which so much valuable information
+    concerning Infusoria (Animalcules) can be found, and every Microscopist
+    should add it to his library."--_Silliman's Journal._
+
+London: WHITTAKER & CO., Ave Maria Lane.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Just published, 18 mo., _1s._
+
+SERMONS FOR WAYFARERS. Dedicated by permission to the Lord Bishop of Ripon,
+with a prefatory Epistle to the Rev. Dr. Hook. By the REV. A. GATTY.
+
+London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ARCHÆOLOGY OF THE STREETS OF DUBLIN, and CELTIC RECORDS OF IRELAND, ETC.
+
+For the Series of Papers illustrating the above, see Vols. I. II. and III.
+of the "Irish Quarterly Review." Price, bound, 11s. each.
+
+London: SIMPKIN & CO.
+Dublin: W. B. KELLY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CATALOGUE OF VERY RARE BOOKS.--EMANUEL MAI, Bookseller of Berlin, has just
+published a Catalogue of PRECIOUS MANUSCRIPTS, INCUNABULA, and very rare
+Books on Theology, Philosophy, Antiquities, Philology, Education, the Fine
+Arts, Bibliography, Numismatics, Engravings, and General Literature. The
+Catalogue contains 17,708 Numbers, or 80,000 Volumes, and is systematically
+arranged with Bibliographical Notices. The Catalogue will be forwarded,
+Post paid, to those who will forward 2s. in Postage Stamps to MR. FRANZ
+THIMM, Foreign Bookseller, 3. Brook Street, New Bond Street, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Post Free.
+
+THE CATTLE UPON A THOUSAND HILLS. A List of GREAT OLD ENGLISH BOOKS for
+Sale, by
+
+JOHN TUPLING, 320. Strand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CHEAP BOOKS.--C. HILL'S CATALOGUE, No. 13., just published, including a
+long Article on NAPOLEON. Sent Free on Application.
+
+14. KING STREET, HOLBORN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXXXVIII., is published THIS DAY.
+
+              CONTENTS:
+     I. LAURENCE STERNE.
+    II. SACRED GEOGRAPHY.
+   III. LORD HOLLAND'S MEMOIRS OF THE WHIG PARTY.
+    IV. THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE.
+     V. THE CRIMINAL LAW DIGEST.
+    VI. WAAGEN'S TREASURES OF ART IN BRITAIN.
+   VII. THE TURKS AND THE GREEKS.
+  VIII. THE NEW REFORM BILL.
+
+JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Now ready, No. VI., 2s. 6d., published Quarterly.
+
+RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW (New Series); consisting of Criticisms upon, Analyses
+of, and Extracts from, Curious, Useful, Valuable, and Scarce Old Books.
+
+Vol. I., 8vo., pp. 436. cloth 10s. 6d., is also ready.
+
+JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Price One Shilling,
+
+THE NATIONAL MISCELLANY FOR APRIL contains:
+
+  1. The New Civil Service Scheme.
+  2. The Flaw in the Column.
+  3. The Labour Parliament.
+  4. An Avalanche on the Great St. Bernard.
+  5. Mediæval London.
+  6. Saturday Night.
+  7. The Weekly Periodicals.
+  8. Sea Life and Sea Literature.
+  9. Notices.
+  10. Poetry.
+
+At the OFFICE, No. 1. Exeter Street, Strand, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Forwarded Free on receipt of 30 Postage Stamps.
+
+ARCHITECTURAL BOTANY; setting forth the Geometrical Distribution of
+Foliage, Flowers, Fruit. &c., with 20 Original Designs for decorating
+Cornices, Spandrils, Crosses, Corbels, Capitals, Bosses, Panels, &c. By
+W. P. GRIFFITH, F.S.A., F.R.I.B.A.
+
+*** Part II. nearly ready.
+
+London: 9. St. John's Square.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+On April 30th will be published, in fcp. 8vo., boards, price 1s. 6d.
+
+ADVENTURES OF A BASHFUL IRISHMAN. By W. F. DEACON, Author of "Annette,"
+"Vincent Eden," &c.
+
+    *** The late Judge Talfourd, in his Memoir of Mr. Deacon, calls this
+    humorous Tale "A pleasant history of an Irish Gil Blas, containing
+    satirical notices of prominent Irish Patriots, and a description of an
+    Irish Trial, in which there is a vivid and extremely amusing caricature
+    of O'Connell."
+
+London: DAVID BRYCE, 48. Paternoster Row.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{342}
+
+ARCHÆOLOGICAL WORKS BY JOHN YONGE AKERMAN,
+
+FELLOW AND SECRETARY OF THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF LONDON.
+
+AN ARCHÆOLOGICAL INDEX to Remains of Antiquity of the Celtic,
+Romano-British, and Anglo-Saxon Periods. 1 vol. 8vo., price 15s. cloth,
+illustrated by numerous Engravings, comprising upwards of five hundred
+objects.
+
+A NUMISMATIC MANUAL. 1 vol. 8vo., price One Guinea.
+
+    *** The Plates which illustrate this Volume are upon a novel plan, and
+    will, at a glance, convey more information regarding the types of
+    Greek, Roman, and English Coins, than can be obtained by many hours'
+    careful reading. Instead of a fac-simile Engraving being given of that
+    which is already an enigma to the tyro, the most striking and
+    characteristic features of the Coin are dissected and placed by
+    themselves, so that the eye soon becomes familiar with them.
+
+A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of Rare and Unedited Roman Coins, from the Earliest
+Period to the taking of Rome under Constantine Paleologos. 2 vols. 8vo.,
+numerous Plates, 30s.
+
+COINS OF THE ROMANS relating to Britain, 1 vol. 8vo. Second Edition, with
+an entirely new set of Plates, price 10s. 6d.
+
+ANCIENT COINS of CITIES and Princes, Geographically arranged and described,
+containing the Coins of Hispania, Gallia, and Britannia, with Plates of
+several hundred examples. 1 vol. 8vo., price 18s.
+
+NEW TESTAMENT, Numismatic Illustrations of the Narrative Portions of
+the.--Fine paper, numerous Woodcuts from the original Coins in various
+Public and Private Collections. 1 vol. 8vo., price 5s. 6d.
+
+AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY of ANCIENT and MODERN COINS. In 1 vol. fcp.
+8vo., with numerous Wood Engravings from the original Coins, price 6s. 6d.
+cloth.
+
+CONTENTS:--Section 1. Origin of Coinage--Greek Regal Coins. 2. Greek Civic
+Coins. 3. Greek Imperial Coins. 4. Origin of Roman Coinage--Consular Coins.
+5. Roman Imperial Coins. 6. Roman British Coins. 7. Ancient British
+Coinage. 8. Anglo-Saxon Coinage. 9. English Coinage from the Conquest. 10.
+Scotch Coinage. 11. Coinage of Ireland. 12. Anglo-Gallic Coins. 13.
+Continental Money in the Middle Ages. 14. Various Representatives of
+Coinage. 15. Forgeries in Ancient and Modern Times. 16. Table of Prices of
+English Coins realised at Public Sales.
+
+TRADESMEN'S TOKENS, struck in London and its Vicinity, from the year 1648
+to 1672 inclusive. Described from the Originals in the Collection of the
+British Museum, &c. 15s.
+
+REMAINS OF PAGAN SAXONDOM, principally from Tumuli in England. Publishing
+in 4to., in Numbers, at 2s. 6d. With coloured Plates.
+
+A GLOSSARY OF PROVINCIAL WORDS and PHRASES in Use in Wiltshire. 12mo., 3s.
+
+THE NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE is published Quarterly. Price 3s. 6d. each Number.
+
+JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE TOPOGRAPHER & GENEALOGIST,
+
+EDITED BY JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS, F.S.A.
+
+_The XIIIth Part of this Work is now published, price_ 3s. 6d.,
+_containing_:
+
+Some Account of the Manor of Apuldrefield, in the Parish of Cudham, Kent,
+by G. Steinman Steinman, Esq., F.S.A.
+
+Petition to Parliament from the Borough of Wotton Basset, in the reign of
+Charles I., relative to the right of the Burgesses to Free Common of
+Pasture in Fasterne Great Park.
+
+Memoranda in Heraldry, from the MS. Pocket-books of Peter Le Neve, Norroy
+King of Arms.
+
+Was William of Wykeham of the Family of Swalcliffe? By Charles Wykeham
+Martin, Esq., M.P., F.S.A.
+
+Account of Sir Toby Caulfield rendered to the Irish Exchequer, relative to
+the Chattel Property of the Earl of Tyrone and other fugitives from Ulster
+in the year 1616, communicated by James F. Ferguson, Esq., of the Exchequer
+Record Office, Dublin.
+
+Indenture enumerating various Lands in Cirencester, 4 Hen. VII. (1489).
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Two Volumes of this Work are now completed, which are published in cloth
+boards, price Two Guineas, or in Twelve Parts, price 3s. 6d. each. Among
+its more important articles are--
+
+    Descent of the Earldom of Lincoln, with Introductory   Observations on
+    the Ancient   Earldoms of England, by the Editor.
+
+    On the Connection of Arderne, or Arden, of   Cheshire, with the Ardens
+    of Warwickshire.   By George Ormerod, Esq., D.C.L., F.S.A.
+
+    Genealogical Declaration respecting the Family   of Norres, written by
+    Sir William Norres, of   Speke, co. Lanc. in 1563; followed by an
+    abstract   of charters, &c.
+
+    The Domestic Chronicle of Thomas Godfrey,   Esq., of Winchelsea, &c.,
+    M.P., the father of   Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey, finished in 1655.
+
+    Honywood Evidences, compiled previously to  1620, edited by B. W.
+    Greenfield, Esq.
+
+    The Descendants of Mary Honywood at her   death in 1620.
+
+    Marriage Settlements of the Honywoods.
+
+    Pedigrees of the families of Arden or Arderne,   Arundell of Aynho,
+    Babington, Barry, Bayley,   Bowet, Browne, Burton of Coventry,
+    Clarke, Clerke, Clinton, Close, Dabridgecourt,   Dakyns or Dakeynes,
+    D'Oyly, Drew,   FitzAlan, Fitzherbert, Franceis, Fremingham,   Gyll,
+    Hammond, Harlakenden, Heneage,   Hirst, Honywood, Hodilow, Holman,
+    Horde, Hustler, Isley, Kirby, Kynnersley,   Marche, Marston, Meynell,
+    Norres, Peirse,   Pimpe, Plomer, Polhill or Polley, Pycheford,
+    Pitchford, Pole or De la Pole, Preston, Viscount   Tarah, Thexton,
+    Tregose, Turner of   Kirkleatham, Ufford, Walerand, Walton, and   Yate.
+
+    The Genealogies of more than ninety families   of Stockton-upon-Tees,
+    by Wm. D'Oyly   Bayley, Esq., F.S.A.
+
+    Sepulchral Memorials of the English at Bruges   and Caen.
+
+    Many original Charters, several Wills, and   Funeral Certificates.
+
+    Survey, temp. Philip and Mary, of the Manors   of Crosthole, Landren,
+    Landulph, Lightdurrant,   Porpehan and Tynton, in Cornwall;
+    Aylesbeare and Whytford, co. Devon; Ewerne   Courtenay, co. Dorset;
+    Mudford and Hinton,   West Coker, and Stoke Courcy, co. Somerset;
+    Rolleston, co. Stafford; and Corton, co.   Wilts.
+
+    Survey of the Marshes of the Medway, temp.   Henry VIII.
+
+    A Description of Cleveland, addressed to Sir   Thomas Chaloner, temp.
+    James I.
+
+    A Catalogue of the Monumental Brasses, ancient   Monuments, and Painted
+    Glass existing   in the Churches of Bedfordshire, with all   Names and
+    Dates.
+
+    Catalogue of Sepulchral Monuments in Suffolk,   throughout the hundreds
+    of Babergh,   Blackbourn, Blything, Bosmere and Claydon,   Carlford,
+    Colnies, Cosford, Hartismere,   Hoxne, Town of Ipswich, Hundreds of
+    Lackford   and Loes. By the late D. E. Davy, Esq.,   of Ufford.
+
+    Published by J. B. NICHOLS & SONS, 25.   Parliament Street,
+    Westminster; where may   be obtained, on application, a fuller abstract
+    of the contents of these volumes, and also of   the "Collectanea
+    Topographica et Genealogica,"   now complete in Eight Volumes.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+WORKS BY THE REV. DR. MAITLAND.
+
+THE DARK AGES; being a Series of ESSAYS intended to illustrate the State of
+RELIGION and LITERATURE in the 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th Centuries.
+Reprinted from the "British Magazine," with Corrections, and some
+Additions; uniformly with the present Volume. Third Edition. 10s. 6d.
+
+ESSAYS on Subjects connected with the REFORMATION IN ENGLAND. Reprinted,
+with Additions, from the "British Magazine." 13s.
+
+ERUVIN; or MISCELLANEOUS ESSAYS on Subjects connected with the NATURE,
+HISTORY, and DESTINY of MAN. Second Edition. In small 8vo. 5s.
+
+EIGHT ESSAYS on various Subjects. In small 8vo. 4s. 6d.
+
+A LETTER to the REV. DR. MILL, containing some STRICTURES on MR. FABER'S
+recent Work, entitled "The Ancient Vallenses and Albigenses." 8vo. 1s. 6d.
+
+THE VOLUNTARY SYSTEM. New Edition. Small 8vo. 5s. 6d.
+
+NOTES on the CONTRIBUTIONS of the REV. GEORGE TOWNSEND, M.A., Canon of
+Durham, to the New Edition of FOX'S MARTYROLOGY. In Three Parts: 1. On the
+Memoir of Fox, ascribed to his Son. 2. Puritan Thaumaturgy. 3. Historical
+Authority of Fox. 8vo. 8s. 6d.
+
+REMARKS on the REV. S. R. CATTLEY'S DEFENCE of his Edition of FOX'S
+MARTYROLOGY. 8vo. 2s. 6d.
+
+TWELVE LETTERS ON FOX'S ACTS and MONUMENTS. Reprinted from the "British
+Magazine." 8vo. 6s.
+
+A REVIEW of FOX'S HISTORY of the WALDENSES. 8vo. 1s. 6d.
+
+A LETTER to the REV. HUGH JAMES ROSE, B.D., Chaplain to His Grace the
+Archbishop of Canterbury; with STRICTURES on MILNER'S CHURCH HISTORY. 8vo.
+1s. 6d.
+
+A SECOND LETTER to the REV. HUGH JAMES ROSE, B.D.; containing NOTES on
+MILNER'S HISTORY of the CHURCH in the FOURTH CENTURY. 8vo. 2s. 6d.
+
+A LETTER to the REV. JOHN KING, M.A., Incumbent of Christ's Church, Hull;
+occasioned by his PAMPHLET, entitled "Maitland not authorised to censure
+Milner." 8vo. 2s. 6d.
+
+REMARKS on that Part of the REV. J. KING'S PAMPHLET, entitled "Maitland not
+authorised to censure Milner," which relates to the WALDENSES, including a
+Reply to the REV. G. S. FABER'S SUPPLEMENT, entitled "Reinerius and
+Maitland." 8vo. 2s. 6d.
+
+An INDEX of such ENGLISH BOOKS printed before the year MDC. as are now in
+the Archiepiscopal Library at Lambeth. 8vo. 4s.
+
+RIVINGTONS, Waterloo Place, Pall Mall.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{343}
+
+_LONDON, SATURDAY, APRIL_ 15, 1854.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Notes.
+
+PALINDROME VERSES.
+
+BOEOTICUS inquires (Vol. vi., p 209.) whence comes the line--
+
+ "Roma tibi subito motibus ibit amor."
+
+In p. 352. of the same volume W. W. T. (quoting from D'Israeli's
+_Curiosities of Literature_ a passage which supplies the hexameter
+completing the distich, and attributes the verses to Sidonius Apollinaris)
+asks where may be found a legend which represents the two lines to have
+formed part of a dialogue between the fiend, under the form of a mule, and
+a monk, who was his rider. B. H. C., at p. 521. of the same volume, sends a
+passage from the _Dictionnaire Littéraire_, giving the complete distich:
+
+ "Signa te, signa, temere me tangis et angis.
+  Roma tibi subito motibus ibit amor,"
+
+and attributing it to the devil, but without supplying any more authentic
+parentage for the lines. The following Note will contribute a fact or two
+to the investigation of the subject; but I shall be obliged to conclude by
+reiterating the original Query of BOEOTICUS, Who was the real author of the
+lines?
+
+In a little work entitled _A Summer in Brittany_, published by me in 1840,
+may be found (at p. 99. of vol. i.) a legend, which relates how one Jean
+Patye, canon of Cambremer, in the chapter of Bayeux, rode the devil to
+Rome, for the purpose of there chanting the epistle at the midnight mass at
+Christmas, according to the tenor of an ancient bond, which obliged the
+chapter to send one of their number yearly to Rome for that purpose. This
+story I met with in a little volume, entitled _Contes populaires, Préjugés,
+Patois, Proverbes de l'Arrondissement de Bayeux, recueillis et publiés_,
+par F. Pluquet, the frontispiece of which consists of a sufficiently
+graphic representation of the worthy canon's feat. Pluquet concludes his
+narrative by stating that--
+
+    "Etienne Tabourot dans ses _Bigarrures_, publiées sous le nom du
+    _Seigneur des Accords_, rapporte que c'est à Saint Antide que le
+    diable, qui le portait à Rome sur son dos, adresse le distique latin
+    dont il est question ci-dessus."
+
+It should seem that this trick of _carrying people to Rome_ was attributed
+to the devil, by those conversant with his habits, in other centuries
+besides the nineteenth.
+
+I have not here the means of looking at the work to which Pluquet refers;
+but if any of your correspondents, who live in more bookish lands than
+this, will do so, they may perchance obtain some clue to the original
+authorship of the lines; for in Sidonius Apollinaris I cannot find them.
+The only edition of his works to which I have the means of referring is the
+quarto of Adrien Perrier, Paris, 1609. Among the verses contained in that
+volume, I think I can assert that the lines in question are not. We all
+know that the worthy author of the _Curiosities of Literature_ cannot be
+much depended upon for accuracy.
+
+Once again, then, Who was the author of this specimen, perhaps the most
+perfect extant, of palindromic absurdity?
+
+T. A. T.
+
+Florence.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CHILDREN CRYING AT THEIR BIRTH.
+
+    "When I was born, I drew in the common air, and fell upon the earth,
+    which is of like nature, _and the first voice which I uttered was
+    crying, as all others do_."--_Wisd._ vii. 3.
+
+ "Tum porro Puer, ut sævis projectus ab undis
+  Navita, _nudus, humi jacet_, Infans, indigus omni
+  Vitali auxilio; cum primum in luminis oras
+  Nixibus ex alvo matris natura profudit:
+  _Vagituque locum lugubri complet_, ut æquum est,
+  Cui tantum in vita restet transire malorum."
+                  _Lucret. De Rer. Nat._, v. 223.
+
+For the benefit of the lady-readers of "N. & Q." I subjoin a translation of
+these beautiful lines of Lucretius:
+
+    "The infant, as soon as Nature with great pangs of travail hath sent it
+    forth from the womb of its mother into the regions of light, lies, like
+    a sailor cast out from the waves, _naked upon the earth_ in utter want
+    and helplessness; _and fills every place around with mournful wailings_
+    and piteous lamentation, as is natural for one who has so many ills of
+    life in store for him, so many evils which he must pass through and
+    suffer."
+
+ "Thou must be patient: we came crying hither;
+  Thou know'st, the first time that we smell the air,
+  We wawle and cry--
+  When we are born, we cry that we are come
+  To this great stage of fools."--Shakspeare's _Lear_.
+
+    "Who remindeth me of the sins of my infancy? 'For in Thy sight none is
+    pure from sin, not even the infant whose life is but a day upon the
+    earth.' (Job xxv. 4.) Who remindeth me? Doth not each little infant, in
+    whom I see what of myself I remember not? What then was my sin? Was it
+    that I _hung upon the breast and cried_?"--St. Austin, _Confess._, lib.
+    i. 7.
+
+    "For man's sake it should seeme that Nature made and produced all other
+    creatures besides; though this great favour of hers, so bountifull and
+    beneficiall in that respect, hath cost them full deere. Insomuch as it
+    is hard to judge, whether in so doing she hath done the part of a kind
+    mother, or a hard and cruell stepdame. For first and foremost, of all
+    other living creatures, man she hath brought forth all naked, and
+    cloathed him with the good and riches of others. To all the rest she
+    hath given sufficient to clad them everie {344} one according to their
+    kind; as namely shells, cods, hard hides, prickes, shagge, bristles,
+    haire, downe, feathers, quils, skailes, and fleeces of wool. The verie
+    trunkes and stemmes of trees and plants, shee hath defended with bark
+    and rind, yea, and the same sometime double against the injuries both
+    of heat and cold: man alone, poore wretch, she hath laid _all naked
+    upon the bare earth, even on his birth-day, to cry and wraule presently
+    from the very first houre that he is borne into this world_: in suche
+    sort as, _among so many living creatures, there is none subject to shed
+    teares and weepe like him. And verily to no babe or infant is it given
+    once to laugh before he be fortie daies old_, and that is counted verie
+    early and with the soonest.... The child of man thus untowardly borne,
+    and who another day is to rule and command all other, loe how he lyeth
+    bound hand and foot, weeping and crying, and beginning his life with
+    miserie, as if he were to make amends and satisfaction by his
+    punishment unto Nature, for this onely fault and trespass, that he is
+    borne alive."--Plinie's _Naturall Historie_, by Phil. Holland, Lond.
+    1601, fol., intr. to b. vii.
+
+The following queries are extracted from Sir Thomas Browne's "Common-place
+Books," _Aristotle, Lib. Animal._:
+
+    "Whether till after forty days children, though they cry, weep not; or,
+    as Scaliger expresseth it, 'Vagiunt sed oculis siccis.'
+
+    "Whether they laugh not upon tickling?
+
+    "Why, though some children have been heard to cry in the womb, _yet so
+    few cry at their birth_, though their heads be out of the
+    womb?"--Bohn's ed. iii. 358.
+
+Thompson follows Pliny, and says that man is "taught _alone_ to weep"
+("Spring," 350.); but--not to speak of the
+
+                 "Cruel crafty crocodile,
+  Which, in false grief hiding his harmful guile,
+  Doth weep full sore and sheddeth tender tears,"
+
+as Spenser sings--the camel weeps when over-loaded, and the deer when
+chased sobs piteously. Thompson himself in a passage he has stolen from
+Shakspeare, makes the stag weep:
+
+                  ----"he stands at bay;
+  _The big round tears_ run down his dappled face;
+  He groans in anguish."--Autumn, 452.
+
+    "Steller relates this of the _Phoca Ursina_, Pallas of the camel, and
+    Humboldt of a small American monkey."--Laurence _On Man_, Lond. 1844,
+    p. 161.
+
+Risibility, and a sense of the ridiculous, is generally considered to be
+the property of man, though _Le Cat_ states that he has seen a chimpanzee
+laugh.
+
+The notion with regard to a child crying at baptism has been already
+touched on in these pages, Vol. vi., p. 601.; Vol. vii., p. 96.
+
+Grose (quoted in Brand) tells us there is a superstition that a child who
+does not cry when sprinkled in baptism will not live; and the same is
+recorded in Hone's _Year-Book_.
+
+EIRIONNACH.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+UNPUBLISHED LETTER OF LORD NELSON.
+
+The following letter of Lord Nelson may, especially at the present moment,
+interest and amuse some of the readers of "N. & Q." The original is in my
+possession, and was given me by the late Miss Churchey of Brecon, daughter
+of the gentleman to whom it was addressed. Can any of your readers inform
+me where the "old lines" quoted by the great hero are to be found?
+
+E. G. BASS.
+
+Ryde, Isle of Wight.
+
+Merton, Oct. 20, 1802.
+
+Sir,
+
+Your idea is most just and proper, that a provision should be made for
+midshipmen who have served a certain time with good characters, and
+certainly twenty pounds is a very small allowance; but how will your
+surprise be increased, when I tell you that their _full_ pay, when
+watching, fighting and bleeding for their country at sea, is not equal to
+that sum. An admiral's half-pay is scarcely equal, including the run of a
+kitchen, to that of a French cook; a captain's but little better than a
+valet's; and a lieutenant's certainly not equal to a London footman's; a
+midshipman's nothing. But as I am a seaman, and faring with them, I can say
+nothing. I will only apply some very old lines wrote at the end of some
+former war:
+
+   "Our God and sailor we adore,
+    In time of danger, not before;
+  The danger past, both are alike requited,
+  God is forgotten, and the sailor slighted."
+
+Your feelings do you great honour, and I only wish all others in the
+kingdom were the same. However, if ever I should be placed in a situation
+to be useful to such a deserving set of young men as our mids, nothing
+shall be left undone which may be in the power of,
+
+          Dear Sir,
+              Your most obedient servant,
+                      NELSON AND BRONTE.
+
+  Walton Churchey, Esq.,
+    Brecon, S. Wales.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FOLK LORE.
+
+_Devonshire Superstitions._--Seeing that you sometimes insert extracts from
+newspapers, I forward you a copy of a paragraph which appeared in _The
+Times_ of March 7, 1854, and which is worth a corner in your folk-lore
+columns:
+
+    "The following gross case of superstition, which occurred as late as
+    Sunday se'nnight, in one of the largest {345} market towns in the north
+    of Devon, is related by an eye-witness:--A young woman, living in the
+    neighbourhood of Holsworthy, having for some time past been subject to
+    periodical fits of illness, endeavoured to effect a cure by attendance
+    at the afternoon service at the parish church, accompanied by thirty
+    young men, her near neighbours. Service over, she sat in the porch of
+    the church, and each of the young men, as they passed out in
+    succession, dropped a penny into her lap; but the last, instead of a
+    penny, gave her half-a-crown, taking from her the twenty-nine pennies
+    which she had already received. With this half-crown in her hand, she
+    walked three times round the communion-table, and afterwards had it
+    made into a ring, by the wearing of which she believes she will recover
+    her health."
+
+HAUGHMOND ST. CLAIR.
+
+_Quacks._--In the neighbourhood of Sevenoaks, Kent, a little girl was
+bitten by a mad dog lately. Instead of sending for the doctor, her father
+posted off to an old woman famous for her treatment of hydrophobia. The old
+woman sent a quart bottle of some dark liquid, which the patient is to take
+twice or thrice daily: and for this the father, though but a poor labourer,
+had to pay one pound. The liquid is said by the "country sort" to be
+infallible. It is made of herbs plucked by the old woman, and mixed with
+milk. Its preparation is of course a grand secret. As yet, the child keeps
+well.
+
+Near Whitechapel, London, is another old woman, equally famous; but her
+peculiar talent is not for hydrophobia, but for scalds. Whenever any of the
+Germans employed in the numerous sugar-refineries in that neighbourhood
+scald themselves, they beg, instead of being sent to the hospital, to be
+taken to the old woman. For a few sovereigns, she will take them in, nurse,
+and cure them; and I was informed by a proprietor of a large sugar-house
+there, that often in a week she will heal a scald as thoroughly as the
+hospital will in a month, and send the men back hearty and fit for work to
+boot. She uses a good deal of linseed-oil, I am told; but her great secret,
+they say, is, that she gives the whole of her time and attention to the
+patient.
+
+P. M. M.
+
+Temple.
+
+_Burning a Tooth with Salt._--Can any one tell us whence originates the
+custom, very scrupulously observed by many amongst the common people, when
+a tooth has been taken out, of burning it--generally with salt?
+
+TWO SURGEONS.
+
+Half Moon Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PARALLEL PASSAGES.
+
+ "The wine of life is drawn, and the mere lees
+  Is left this vault to brag of."--_Macbeth_, Act II. Sc. 3.
+
+ "These spells are spent, and, spent with these,
+  The wine of life is on the lees."--_Marmion_, introd. to canto i.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    "The _old_ and true saying, that a man is generally more inclined to
+    feel kindly towards one on whom he has conferred favours than towards
+    one from whom he has received them."--Macaulay, _Essay on Bacon_,
+    p. 367. (1-vol. edit.)--Query, whose saying?
+
+    "On s'attache par les services qu'on rend, bien plus qu'on n'est
+    attaché par les services qu'on reçoit. C'est qu'il y a, dans le coeur
+    de l'homme, bien plus d'orgueil que de reconnaissance."--Alex. Dumas,
+    _La Comtesse de Charny_, II. ch. iii.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ "But earthlier happy is the rose distilled
+  Than that, which, withering on the virgin thorn,
+  Grows, lives, and dies in single blessedness."--_Midsum. Night's Dream_,
+      Act I. Sc. 1.
+
+    "_Maria._ Responde tu mihi vicissim:--utrum spectaculum amoenius: rosa
+    nitens et lactea in suo frutice, an decerpta digitis ac paulatim
+    marcescens?
+
+    "_Pamphilus._ Ego rosam existimo feliciorem quæ marcescit in hominis
+    manu, delectans interim et oculos et nares, quam quæ senescit in
+    frutice."--Erasmus, _Procus et Puella_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ "And spires whose silent finger points to heaven." (?)
+
+ "And the white spire that points a world of rest."--Mrs. Sigourney,
+     _Connecticut River_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ "She walks the waters _like a thing of life_."--_Byron._
+
+             "The master bold,
+    The high-soul'd and the brave,
+  Who ruled her _like a thing of life_
+    Amid the crested wave."--Mrs. Sigourney, _Bell of the Wreck_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ "Thy heroes, tho' the general doom
+  Have swept the column from the tomb,
+  A mightier monument command,--
+  The mountains of their native land!"--_Byron._
+
+ "Your mountains build their monument,
+  Tho' ye destroy their dust."--Mrs. Sigourney, _Indian Names_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ "Else had I heard the steps, tho' low
+  And light they fell, as when earth receives,
+  In morn of frost, the wither'd leaves
+    That drop when no winds blow."--Scott, _Triermain_, i. _5._
+
+ "Dropp'd, like shed blossoms, silent to the grass."--Hood, _Mids.
+     Fairies_, viii.
+
+ "There is sweet music here that softer falls
+  Than petals from blown roses on the grass."--Tennyson, _Lotos-eaters_.
+
+{346}
+
+ "Two such I saw, what time the labour'd ox
+  In his loose traces from the furrow came."--Milton, _Comus_.
+
+ "While labouring oxen, spent with toil and heat,
+  In their loose traces from the field retreat."--Pope, _Pastoral_, iii.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ "It is the curse of kings, to be attended
+  By slaves that take their humours for a warrant
+  To break into the bloody house of life,
+  And, on the winking of authority,
+  To understand a law: to know the meaning
+  Of dangerous majesty, when perchance it frowns
+  More upon humour than advised respect."--_King John_, Act IV. Sc. 2.
+
+                 "O curse of kings!
+  Infusing a dread life into their words,
+  And linking to the sudden transient thought
+  The unchangeable, irrevocable deed!"--Coleridge, _Death of Wallenstein_,
+      v. 9.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ "Conscience!   .    .    .    .    .    .
+  Your lank jawed, hungry judge will dine upon 't,
+  And hang the guiltless rather than eat his mutton cold."--C. Cibber,
+      _Richard III_.
+
+ "The hungry judges soon the sentence sign,
+  And wretches hang that jurymen may dine."--Pope, _Rape of the Lock_, iii.
+      21.
+
+HARRY LEROY TEMPLE.
+
+"Death and his brother Sleep." Quoted (from Shelley) with parallel passages
+from Sir T. Browne, Coleridge, and Byron in "N. & Q.," Vol. iv., p. 435.
+Add to them the following:
+
+ "Care-charmer Sleep, son of the sable Night,
+  Brother to Death, in silent darkness born."
+
+_Samuel Daniel_, Spenser's successor as "voluntary Laureate."
+
+ "Care-charming Sleep, thou easer of all woes,
+  Brother to Death."--Fletcher, _Valentinian_.
+
+ "The death of each day's life."--Shakspeare, _Macbeth_, Act II. Sc. 2.
+
+ "Teach me to live, that I may dread
+  The grave as little as my bed."--_Bishop Ken._
+
+ "We thought her sleeping when she died;
+  And dying, when she slept."--_Hood._
+
+ "Somne levis, quanquam certissima mortis imago
+    Consortem cupio te tamen esse tori;
+  Alma quies, optata, veni, nam sic sine vitâ
+    Vivere quam suave est; sic sine morte mori."--_T. Warton._
+          [_Finely translated by Wolcot._]
+ "Come, gentle sleep! attend thy vot'ry's pray'r,
+  And, though Death's image, to my couch repair;
+  How sweet, though lifeless, yet with life to lie,
+  And, without dying, oh, how sweet to die!"
+
+ "While sleep the weary world reliev'd,
+  By counterfeiting death revived."--Butler, _Hudibras_.
+
+ "Shake off this downy sleep, death's counterfeit,
+  And look on death itself!"--Shakspeare, _Macbeth_, Act II. Sc. 3.
+
+ "Nature, alas! why are thou so
+  Obliged unto thy greatest foe?
+  Sleep that is thy best repast,
+  Yet of death it bears a taste,
+  And both are the same things at last."--Dennis, _Sophonisba_.
+
+       "Great Nature's second course,
+  Chief nourisher in life's feast."--Shakspeare, _Macbeth_, Act II. Sc. 2.
+
+CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A.
+
+    "Nothing doth countervail a faithful friend."--_Ecclesias._ vi. 15.
+
+ "Nil ego contulerim jucundo sanus amico."--Hor. _Sat._ v. 44.
+
+    "If thou wouldst get a friend, _prove him_ first, and be not hasty to
+    credit him."--_Ecclesias._ v. 7.
+
+    "_Diu cogita_, an tibi in amicitiam aliquis recipiendus sit: cum
+    placuerit fieri, toto illum pectore admitte: tam audacter cum illo
+    loquere, quam tecum."--Seneca, _Epist._ iii.
+
+    "Quid dulcius, quam habere amicum quicum omnia audeas sic loquere quam
+    tecum."--Cic., _de Amic._ 6.
+
+ "The friends thou hast, and their _adoption tried_,
+  Grapple them to thy heart with hoops of steel."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ "But do not dull thy palm with entertainment
+  Of each new-hatch'd, unfledg'd comrade."--Shakspeare, _Hamlet_, Act I.
+      Sc. 3.
+
+    "Bring not every man into thy house."--_Ecclesias._ vi. 7.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+    "A man's attire, and excessive laughter, and gait, show what he
+    is."--_Ecclesias._ xix. 30.
+
+ "---- The apparel oft proclaims the man."--_Hamlet_, Act I. Sc. 3.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ "Unus Pellæo juveni non sufficit orbis:
+  Æstuat infelix angusto limite mundi,
+  Ut Gyaræ clausus scopulis, parvâque Seripho."--_Juv._ x. 168.
+
+    "_Hamlet._ What have you, my good friends, deserved at the hands of
+    fortune, that she sends you to prison here?
+
+    _Guildenstern._ Prison, my lord!
+
+    _Ham._ Denmark's a prison.
+
+    _Rosencrantz._ Then is the _world_ one.
+
+    _Ham._ A goodly one, in which there are many confines, wards, and
+    dungeons; Denmark being one of the worst.
+
+    _Ros._ We think not so, my lord.
+
+    _Ham._ Why, then, 'tis none to you; for there is nothing either good or
+    bad, but thinking makes it so: to me it is a prison.
+
+    _Ros._ Why, then, your ambition makes it one; 'tis too narrow for your
+    mind."--Shakspeare, _Hamlet_, Act II. Sc. 2.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+{347}
+
+    "Ad hanc legem natus es; hoc patri tuo accidit, hoc matri, hoc
+    majoribus, hoc omnibus ante te, hoc omnibus post te, series invicta, et
+    nullâ mutabilis ope, illigat ac trahit cuncta."
+
+ "_King._ ---- You must know, your father lost a father;
+  That father lost--lost his;   .    .    .
+    .    .    .    .    .    .    .    .
+  To reason most absurd, whose common theme
+  Is death of fathers, and who still hath cry'd,
+  From the first corse, 'till he that died to-day,
+  _This must be so_."--_Hamlet_, Act I. Sc. 2.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    "[Greek: Apo de tou mê echontos]," &c.--_Ante_, Vol. viii., p. 372.
+
+    "Besides this, _nothing_ that he so plentifully gives me."--Shakspeare,
+    _As You Like It_, Act I. Sc. 1.
+
+J. W. F.
+
+Having observed several Notes in different Numbers of your interesting
+publication, in which sentences have been quoted from the works of ancient
+and modern authors that are almost alike in words, or contain the same
+ideas clothed in different language, I would only add, that those of your
+readers or correspondents who take an interest in such inquiries will find
+instances enough, in a work which was published in Venice in 1624, to fill
+several columns of "N. & Q." The volume is entitled _Il Seminario de
+Governi di Stato, et di Guerra_.
+
+W. W.
+
+Malta.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Vallancey's Green Book._--Perhaps your readers are not aware of the
+existence of the curious and interesting volume mentioned in the following
+cutting from Jones's last _Catalogue_ (D'Olier St. Dublin). It may
+therefore be worth making a note of in your columns:
+
+    "1008. Vallancey's Green Book, _manuscript, folio_.
+
+    *** Vallancey's Green Book, so named from being bound in green vellum,
+    was the volume in which the celebrated Irish antiquary, General Charles
+    Vallancey, entered the titles of all the manuscripts and printed works
+    relative to Ireland which he had occasion to consult in his antiquarian
+    researches. The copy now offered for sale is believed to be the only
+    one extant. Bound in the same volume is a collection of the titles of
+    all the manuscripts relating to Ireland, which are preserved in the
+    Archbishop of Canterbury's library, at Lambeth, London."
+
+R. H.
+
+Trin. Coll., Dublin.
+
+_Herrings._--"The lovers of fish" may be glad to learn what a bloater is, a
+mystery which I endeavoured to unravel when lately on the Norfolk coast. A
+bloater, I was informed, is a large, plump herring (as we say a _bloated_
+toad); and the genuine claimants of the title fall by their own weight from
+the meshes of the net.
+
+The origin of the simile--"As dead as a herring"--may not be generally
+known. This fish dies immediately upon its removal from the native element
+(strange to say) from want of air; for swimming near the surface it
+requires much, and the gills, when dry, cannot perform their function.
+
+C. T.
+
+_Byron and Rochefoucauld._--The following almost word-for-word renderings
+of two of Rochefoucauld's _Réflexions_ occur in the third and fourth
+stanzas of the third canto of Byron's _Don Juan_. I am not aware that any
+notice has been taken of them beyond a note appended to the first passage,
+in Moore's edition of Byron's _Works_, attributing the _mot_ to Montaigne:
+
+ "Yet there are some, they say, who have had _none_,
+  But those who have ne'er end with only _one_."--_Byron._
+
+    "On peut trouver des femmes qui n'ont jamais eu de galanterie; mais il
+    est rare d'en trouver qui n'en aient jamais eu
+    qu'une."--Rochefoucauld's _Maximes et Réflexions Morales_.
+
+ "In her first passion, woman loves her lover,
+  In all the others all she loves is love."--_Byron_
+
+    "Dans les premières passions les femmes aiment l'amant; dans les autres
+    elles aiment l'amour."--Rochefoucauld's _Maximes et Réflexions
+    Morales_.
+
+SIGMA.
+
+Customs, London.
+
+"_Abscond._"--This is a word which appears to have lost its primary meaning
+of concealment, apart from that of escape. Horace Walpole, however, uses it
+in the former sense:
+
+    "Virette _absconds_, and has sent M. de Pecquigny word that _he shall
+    abscond_ till he can find a proper opportunity of fighting him."
+
+CHEVERELLS.
+
+_Garlands, Broadsheets, &c._--Will you allow me to suggest to your
+correspondents, that it would be very desirable, for literary and
+antiquarian purposes, to form as complete a list as possible of public and
+private collections of garlands, broadsheets, chap-books, ballads, tracts,
+&c.; and to ask them to forward to "N. & Q." the names of any such public
+or private collections as they may be acquainted with. I need not say
+anything of the importance and value of the ballads, &c., contained in such
+collections, to the historical student and the archæologist, for their
+value is too well known to require it; but I would earnestly urge the
+formation of such a list as the one I now {348} suggest, which will greatly
+facilitate literary researches.
+
+J.
+
+_Life-belts._--Suppose that each person on board the Tayleur had been
+supplied with a life-belt, how many hundreds of lives would have been
+saved? And when it is considered that such belts can be made for less than
+half-a-crown each, what reason can there be that government should not
+require them to be carried, at least in emigrant vessels, if passengers are
+so ignorant and stupid as not voluntarily to provide them for themselves?
+
+THINKS I TO MYSELF.
+
+_Turkey and Russia--The Eastern Question_ (Vol. ix., p. 244.).--The past
+history of these rival states presents more than one parallel passage like
+the following, extracted from Watkins's _Travels through Switzerland,
+Italy, the Greek Islands, to Constantinople, &c._ (2nd edit., two vols.
+8vo. 1794):
+
+    "The Turks have been, and indeed deserve to be, praised for the manner
+    in which they declared war against the Russians. They sent by Mr.
+    Bulgakoff, her Imperial Majesty's minister at the Porte, to demand the
+    restitution of the Crimea, which had been extorted from them by the
+    merciless despot of R----a, (_sic_) when too much distressed by a
+    rebellion in Egypt to protect it. On his return without an answer they
+    put him in the Seven Towers, and commenced hostilities. They hate the
+    Russians; and to show it the more, frequently call a Frank _Moscoff_.
+    To the English they are more partial than to any other Christian
+    nation, from a tradition that Mahomet was prevented by death from
+    converting our ancestors to his faith."--Vol. ii. pp. 276-7.
+
+J. MACRAY.
+
+Oxford.
+
+"_Verbatim et literatim._"--As this phrase often finds insertion, even in
+the pages of "N. & Q.," it may be well to call attention to the fact that
+there is no such adverb as _literatim_ in the Latin language. There is the
+adverb _literate_, which means after the manner of a literate man,
+learnedly; but to express the idea intended by the coined word _literatim_,
+I think we must use the form _ad literam_--"_Verbatim et ad literam._"
+
+L. H. J. TONNA.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Queries.
+
+PRINTS OF LONDON BEFORE THE GREAT FIRE.
+
+In addition to the Tower, there was in Cromwell's time the fortification of
+Baynard's Castle, near Blackfriars, and the city gates were also
+fortifications on a small scale; they were rebuilt (St. John's,
+Clerkenwell, excepted, which was spared) after the Great Fire, and were
+taken down somewhere about 1760. Can any of your readers tell me whether
+there is any series of prints extant of the most remarkable buildings which
+were destroyed by the fire? There are some few maps, and a print or two
+interspersed here and there, in the British Museum; but is there any
+regular series of plates? We know that Inigo Jones built a Grecian portico
+on to the east end of the Gothic cathedral of old St. Paul's, surmounted
+with statues of Charles I., &c.; that the Puritans destroyed a beautiful
+conduit at the top of Cheapside; that Sir Thomas Gresham's Exchange was
+standing. But among the many city halls burnt down, were there any fine
+specimens of architecture, any churches worthy of note? And as Guildhall
+was not entirely consumed, what parts of the present edifice belong to the
+olden time?
+
+You are doubtless aware that the fire did not extend to St. Giles's
+Cripplegate, and that at the back of the church are remains of the old city
+walls.
+
+ARDELIO.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BATTLE OF OTTERBURN.
+
+On what authority does Mr. Tytler (_History of Scotland_, vol. iii. pp.
+45--53.), in his otherwise very fair account of this celebrated battle,
+assert that the Earl of Douglas was a younger man than Hotspur? I have no
+doubt that he found it so recorded somewhere, and willingly believed that
+his countrymen had prevailed, not only over superior numbers of the enemy,
+but also over greater experience on the part of the hostile general; but a
+little more investigation would have shown him that the difference of age
+lay the other way. Henry Percy, by his own account (in the Scrope and
+Grosvenor Controversy), was born in 1366, and was therefore twenty-two when
+the battle was fought. I do not know that there is any direct evidence to
+Douglas's age, but the following considerations appear to me decisive as to
+his being much older than his rival.
+
+1. Froissart's visit to Scotland was undoubtedly prior to 1366 (although
+the exact date is not given), and during his stay of fifteen days at
+Dalkeith, he saw much of the youthful heir of that castle, the future hero
+of Otterburn, and describes him as a "promising youth."
+
+2. Hotspur, in his deposition above mentioned, says that he first bore arms
+at the siege of Berwick in 1378; but his antagonist must have commenced his
+military career long before, as Froissart mentions him as knighted on the
+occasion of the battle fought a few days after the surrender of that place,
+between Sir Archibald Douglas and Sir Thomas Musgrave; none but kings' sons
+were knighted in childhood in those days, or without undergoing a long
+previous probation in the inferior grades of chivalry.
+
+3. An early and constant family (if not general) tradition asserts that
+Douglas had a natural son {349} (ancestor of the Cavers family), old enough
+to bear his father's banner in the battle; on this, however, I lay little
+stress, as Froissart distinctly assigns that honourable post to another
+person, David Campbell, who was slain by the side of his lord.
+
+Mr. Tytler is also evidently wrong in placing, on the authority of
+Macpherson's _Notes on Winton_, this battle on the 5th of August, 1388.
+Froissart gives the date as the 19th of August, and as the moon was full on
+the 18th, the combatants would have bright moonlight all night, which
+agrees with all the narratives; on the 5th they would have little
+moonlight, and would have lost it soon.
+
+Though not very germane to the matter, except as being a point of
+chronology, I may add here that the remarkable solar eclipse, long
+remembered in Scotland by the name of the "Dark Hour," did not occur, as
+stated by Mr. Tytler, on 17th June, 1432, but on the same month and day of
+the following year.
+
+J. S. WARDEN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DE BEAUVOIR PEDIGREE.
+
+I have in my possession a curious ancient pedigree of De Beauvoir and
+Harryes, headed thus:
+
+    "The name De Beauvoir is from ---- in the kingdom of England; came into
+    England with y^e Conquest of the Norman Duke, from whom is descended
+    all that are now in England, they bearing for their coate armour the
+    _first_, Azure, a chevron or, between three cinquefeuilles argent, by
+    the name of De Beauvoir. The _second_ he beareth the guelles a chevron
+    between three hayeres heads erased, by the name of Harreys. The _third_
+    (or) a lyon rampant azure, by the name of Throlpe. The _fourth_,
+    Argent, a fess between three cressentes azure, by the name of ...
+    within a mantle doubled guelles on two helmetes and torseyes proper and
+    the first a demy-dragon, adorned properly guelles and argent, vert, by
+    the foresaid name De Beauvoir; on the second a harye sitting argent
+    between two bushes vert."
+
+The pedigree begins with "Sir Robert Beauvoir, Lord Beauvoir, Lord Baron of
+Beaver Castle, Knt.;" and the maternal line with "Sir Robert Harryes of
+Malden in Essex, Knt., came into England with the Saxons."
+
+In the tenth descent the sole heiress is represented as marrying "Robert,
+Lord Bellmoint," whose sole daughter married "John, Lord Manners, father of
+Edmund Manners, first Earl of Rutland, from whom is descended Roger, Earl
+of Rutland, now living."
+
+The pedigree ends with the nineteenth descendant, Henry de Beauvoir, of the
+Isle of Guernsey, who married the daughter of Peter Harreys of the Isle of
+Guernsey.
+
+Can any reader of "N. & Q." inform me whether descendants of that marriage
+are still to be found, and where?
+
+There are points in the pedigree, as genealogists will see, totally
+discrepant from the Peerages.
+
+THOMAS RUSSELL POTTER.
+
+Wymeswold.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_Dog-whippers: Frankincense._--Can any reader throw light upon the
+following entries in the churchwardens' account-book for the parish of
+Forest Hill, near Oxford?
+
+    "1694. P^d to Tho. Mills for whipping dogs out of church, 1 shilling.
+
+    "1702. P^d for frankincense for the church, 6 pence."
+
+The only passage which occurs to me as at all bearing upon so late a use of
+incense in parish churches in this country, is the following extract from
+Herbert:
+
+    "The country parson hath a care that his church be swept and kept
+    clean; and at great festivals, strewed and stuck with boughs, and
+    perfumed with incense."
+
+This hardly brings the custom later than 1630.
+
+As regards the former entry, I am told by a friend that the office of
+dog-whipper existed about fifty years ago for the church of Heversham in
+Westmoreland.
+
+C. F. W.
+
+_Atchievement in Yorkshire--Lipyeatt Family._--Found and noted in a
+Yorkshire church tower, an atchievement painted apparently about forty or
+fifty years ago, of which no account can be given by the sexton or parish
+clerk. Query, to what names do the bearings belong? viz. Vert, on a fess
+or, between three bezants, three lions passant azure. Impaling: Vert, three
+swans in tri, statant, wings erect, argent. Crest, a lion passant azure,
+langued gules. The swans have head, neck, and body like swans, but their
+legs appear to have been borrowed from the stork. It is suspected that the
+dexter coat belongs to one of the Wiltshire Lipyeatts.
+
+Is there any pedigree of the Lipyeatt family, who were burghers of wealth
+and consideration in the town of Marlborough, from the middle of the
+seventeenth century down to the latter part of the eighteenth?
+
+PATONCE.
+
+"_Waestart._"--A common expression of sorrow or condolence among the lower
+classes in the manufacturing district around Leeds, in Yorkshire. Whence
+does it arise? Is it an abbreviation of "Woe to my heart," "Woe is me"?
+
+J. L. S., Sen.
+
+_Rebellion of 1715._--Has any report been published of the trial of the
+prisoners taken at Preston? Mr. Baron Bury, Mr. Justice Eyre, and Mr. Baron
+Montague opened the Commission at Liverpool. The trials began on January
+20, 1716, and lasted till February 8.
+
+THOMAS BAKER.
+
+{350}
+
+"_Athenian Sport._"--Who was the writer of _Athenian Sport, or Two Thousand
+Paradoxes, merely argued to amuse and divert the Age_, by a Member of the
+Athenian Society, London, 1707?[1] It would almost appear to have been a
+burlesque upon the _Athenian Oracle_.
+
+HENRY T. RILEY.
+
+[Footnote 1: Lowndes has attributed this work, but we think incorrectly, to
+the celebrated John Dunton.--ED.]
+
+_Gutta Percha made soluble._--Can any one inform me how gutta percha may be
+made so soluble, that a coating of it may be given any article, which shall
+dry as hard as its former state? I have tried melting it in a ladle, but it
+never hardened properly.
+
+E. B.
+
+Leeds.
+
+_Arms of Anthony Kitchen._--Can any of your correspondents inform me what
+were the arms of Anthony Kitchen, Bishop of Llandaff in 1545? And what
+relation, if any, of Robert Kitchen, who was Mayor of Bristol in 1588? The
+latter was of Kendal in Westmoreland.
+
+D. F. T.
+
+_Griesbach Arms._--Could any correspondent versed in German heraldry tell
+me the arms of the German family of Griesbach, or refer me to any work
+containing a collection of German arms?
+
+CID.
+
+_Postage System of the Romans._--Could any of your correspondents inform me
+where I may find a perfect account of the postal system of the Romans? We
+know that they must have had such a system, but I have forgotten the author
+who gives any description of it.
+
+ARDELIO.
+
+_Three Crowns and Sugar-loaf._--Passing through Franche (a village near
+Kidderminster in Worcestershire) the other day, I saw an inn called "The
+Three Crowns and Sugar-loaf." As there seems to me not the _least_
+connexion between a crown and a sugar-loaf, I send this to "N. & Q." in
+hopes of an explanation from some of its readers more skilled than myself
+in such matters.
+
+CID.
+
+_Helen MacGregor._--In Burke's _Landed Gentry_ (Supplement, art. "MacGregor
+of Craigrostan and Inversnaid") this redoubted heroine is described as "a
+woman of _agreeable temper_ and domestic habits, active and careful in the
+management of her family affairs." This is so directly opposed, not only to
+Scott's description, but to the generality of traditions about her, that,
+as Campbell says, "it makes the hair of one's literary faith stand on end."
+Helen was, very likely, a different person from what she afterwards became,
+ere the events happened that drove Rob Roy "to the hill-side to become a
+broken man;" but one can hardly imagine her, in her most happy days, to
+have been such a person as is above depicted--an amiable wife and clever
+housekeeper. The pen of a descendant is evident, in the partial description
+given of both husband and wife.
+
+J. S. WARDEN.
+
+_Francis Grose the Antiquary._--Francis Grose, the distinguished antiquary,
+was Captain and Adjutant of the Surrey Militia, commanded by Col. Hodges,
+in which regiment he served for many years; but on some occasion, probably
+breach of discipline, he was brought to a general court-martial. The
+regiment formed part of the large encampment of 15,000 men on Cocksheath,
+near Maidstone, in 1778. I think the trial took place then, or within a
+year or two of that date; and should be thankful to any reader of "N. & Q."
+who would supply me with the precise date when the court-martial assembled?
+
+[Greek: Ss.]
+
+"_King of Kings:" Bishop Andrews' Sermons._--From MS. Account of Fellows of
+Kings, compiled from 1750, A.D. 1583, Geffrey King, D.D., Professor of
+Hebrew, Cambridge, first chaplain to Bancroft and James I., whether he or
+Thos. King, 1605, or James King, 1609? One of them began his sermon at St.
+James: "I, King of Kings, come to James the First and Sixth, nothing
+wavering."
+
+    "These puns much applauded in those times, insomuch that the preacher
+    would stop to receive applause, which was expressed by loud and
+    repeated hums. In Bishop Andrews' printed Sermons, these stops may be
+    discovered."
+
+Is this true of Bishop Andrews' _Sermons?_
+
+J. H. L.
+
+_Scroope Family._--Will any one be so good as to clear up the doubts
+noticed in the peerage books as to the family of Henry Lord Scroope, of
+Bolton, who died about 22 Henry VII.? His wives are generally stated to
+have been daughters of the Earl of Northumberland and Lord Scroope of
+Upsal; but other accounts are to be met with. What however I particularly
+refer to, is the question, who was the mother of his daughter Alice, who
+married Sir Gilbert Talbot? Lady Talbot could not have been by the daughter
+of Lord Scroope of Upsal; as, if so, she and her issue would have inherited
+her grandfather's barony, which it is certain was enjoyed by his younger
+brothers. Very likely Mr. Scroope's unpublished volume on the Lords Scroope
+and their seat Coombe Castle explains this.
+
+S. N.
+
+_Harrison the Regicide--Lowle._--Thomas Willing, son of Joseph Willing and
+Anne Lowle (his second wife), married July 16, 1704, Anne Harrison, a
+grand-daughter of the Regicide. Charles (son of Thomas and Anne, born in
+Bristol, 1710) married Anne Shippen. One of their daughters married Sir
+Walter Stirling; and a {351} great-granddaughter (Miss Bingham) married Mr.
+Baring, afterwards Lord Ashburton. I should be obliged for information as
+follows:
+
+1. Through what descent was Anne Harrison a descendant of the Regicide?
+
+2. Is anything known of the Lowle family? Their arms were, "Sa., a hand
+grasping three darts argent."
+
+ T. BALCH.
+
+Philadelphia.
+
+_"Chair" or "Char."_--I am desirous of ascertaining the meaning of this
+term, as occurring frequently in the Cambridgeshire Fens. It is variously
+spelt, _chair_, _chaire_, _chare_, or _char_. In the Cambridgeshire dialect
+it may be remarked, _air_ or _are_ is pronounced as "ar." Thus, _upstairs_,
+_bare_, are "upstars," "bar." There is a Char Fen at Stretham, laid down in
+Sir Jonah Moore's Map (1663). There is also a Chare Fen at Cottenham; and
+at Littleport is a place called Littleport Chair. This last had the name at
+least as early as Edward II.'s reign; as in a description of a neighbouring
+fen, not later than that date, one boundary is "A le _chaire_ per
+Himmingslode usque Gualslode End." A friend who has searched the documents
+in the Fen Office at Ely on this subject for me, has been unable to
+discover the least clue to the meaning of the term.
+
+At Newcastle-on-Tyne, a narrow street or passage between houses is called a
+_chare_; but there is nothing narrow about Char Fen, which was part of an
+open common. The course of the rivers at Littleport may be imagined to form
+a rude outline of a chair or seat; but this does not apply to the other
+instances in which the name occurs.
+
+There are numerous local names in the fens, of which the history may be
+traced for some centuries, deserving investigation.
+
+E. G. R.
+
+_Aches._--I am aware that there is abundant proof of "aches" being a
+dissyllable when Shakspeare wrote, and long after; but I wish to know
+whether there is any _rhyme_ earlier than that in Butler, which fixes the
+pronunciation as _artches_.
+
+S. S.
+
+_Leeming Hall._--There was formerly a mansion somewhere between Liverpool
+and Preston, called Leeming Hall. Can any of the correspondents of "N. &
+Q." inform me if it still exists, and what is the name of the present
+owner? I should also be glad to have some information respecting the
+genealogy of the family of Leemings, who formerly lived there, or to learn
+the name and residence of some member of the family to whom I could apply
+for such information.
+
+G.
+
+_Caricature; a Canterbury Tale._--Many facts are recorded in the
+caricatures of the day, of which there is no other account. The reference
+of the following may be well known, but I should feel obliged by any of
+your correspondents explaining it. Fox, the Prince of Wales, and a third
+figure (?), are in a boat pushing off from shore, with Burke looking over a
+wall with a large bag in his hand. He says, "D----me, Charley, don't leave
+me in the lurch;" who replies, "Self-preservation is the first law of
+nature." His companions joining with "Push off, Charley, push off."
+
+H.
+
+_Perpetual Curates not represented in Convocation._--In _Lectures on Church
+Difficulties_, by the Rev. J. M. Neale, I find this statement:
+
+    "Under the old regime rectors and vicars were alone, generally
+    speaking, allowed a vote in the election of proctors, to the exclusion
+    from that privilege of even perpetual curates."--Lecture xi., p. 133.
+
+I believe that this is correct, and that the curates spoken of as having
+their votes rejected in Day _versus_ Knewstubbs, were perpetual curates:
+but can some of your correspondents confirm this view by facts?
+
+WM. FRASER.
+
+Tor-Mohun.
+
+_Dr. Whichcote and Dorothy Jordan._--In the preface to the edition of the
+plays of Wycherley and others, edited by Mr. Leigh Hunt, the following
+passage occurs:
+
+    "The two best sermons we ever heard (and no disparagement to many a
+    good one from the pulpit) were a sentence of Dr. Whichcote's against
+    the multiplication of things forbidden, and the honest, heart and soul
+    laugh of Dorothy Jordan."
+
+I feel rather curious to read a sentence which is said to possess so much
+instruction.
+
+[Greek: Xanthos].
+
+_Moral Philosophy._--What English writers have treated of the obligation of
+oaths and promises, or generally of moral philosophy, between the
+Reformation and the time of Bishop Sanderson?
+
+H. P.
+
+_Shelley's "Prometheus Unbound."_--Can any of your correspondents, by
+conjecture or reference to the original MS., elucidate the meaning of the
+following passage, which occurs in Act II. Sc. 4. of this extraordinary
+poem? It sounds so sweetly that one cannot but wish it were possible to
+understand it.
+
+ "_Asia._ Who made that sense which, when the winds of spring
+  In rarest visitation, or the voice
+  Of one beloved heard in youth alone,
+  Fills the faint eyes with falling tears which dim
+  The radiant looks of unbewailing flowers,
+  And leaves this peopled world a solitude
+  When it returns no more?"
+
+Shelley's mysticism is very often such as to render him unintelligible to
+ordinary readers, but it is combined here with a want of grammatical {352}
+connexion that makes obscurity ten times more obscure. I have not the least
+idea whether "fills" refers to "sense which," or to "voice;" but
+whichsoever it may belong to, it is evident that the other nominative
+singular, as also the plural "winds of spring," have no verbs, either
+expressed or understood, to govern. A line or two may have dropped out; but
+all editions as far as I am aware, give the passage as above. In Act I., at
+p. 195. line 7 of the edition of 1853, occurs a curious error (I presume of
+the press); Mercury, addressing the Furies, says:
+
+       "Back to your towers of iron,
+  And gnash beside the streams of fire, and wail
+  Your foodless teeth."
+
+The having no food to put between one's teeth is no doubt a very sufficient
+cause for wailing, but still I think the passage would run better if
+"gnash" and "wail" exchanged places. How do other editions give it?
+
+J. S. WARDEN.
+
+_Turkish Language._--Are there any easy dialogues in the Turkish language,
+but in the English type, to be obtained; and where? If there be not, I
+think it would be desirable to publish some, with names of common objects,
+&c.
+
+HASSAN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries with Answers.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+_Illustrated Bible of 1527._--Can you inform me whether there is any Bible
+published in 1527 at Lyons, with Hans Holbein's cuts in it, and what
+engraver used this monogram, as I have a Bible of that date, the plates of
+which are almost fac-similes (some of them) of Holbein's cuts, which were
+published by Pickering? The date of the Bible is 1527.
+
+    "Impressa autem Lugduni per Jacobum Mareschall feliciter explicat, anno
+    nostri Salutis 1527."
+
+L. S. C.
+
+    [Several editions of the Bible were printed in the early part of the
+    sixteenth century at Lyons, some of them ornamented with cuts from
+    designs similar to those of Holbein. Two or three from the press of
+    Mareschall are in the British Museum. We believe there were no Bibles
+    printed at Lyons in which it was acknowledged that the cuts were
+    designed by Holbein. The following notice of the monogram occurs in
+    _Dictionnaire des Monogrammes_, par F. Bruilliot, part i. p. 421., No.
+    3208.: "Cette marque, dont on ne connait pas la signification, se
+    trouve sur une copie d'une gravure en bois de Jean Springinklee,
+    représentant l'enfant Jésus couché à terre, entouré de trois anges, et
+    adoré par St. Joseph et par la Ste. Vierge. A droite au travers d'une
+    fenêtre près d'une colonne on remarque le boeuf et l'âne, et au milieu
+    du fond deux bergers dont l'un ôte son chapeau. La marque est au bas à
+    gauche près de l'habit de St. Joseph. Bartsch décrit l'original, _P.
+    Gr._ t. vii. p. 328., No. 51."]
+
+_Heraldic Query._--Can you help me towards ascertaining the date and
+meaning of the following device, which I find upon an old picture-frame,
+the portrait once inclosed in which has long since been destroyed?
+
+On a disk, of about six inches in diameter, are engraved the royal arms of
+Great Britain, without the harp, but with the Scots lion. You will at once
+perceive the peculiarity of this bearing, the harp and the lion having been
+added at the same time by James I. The leopards occupy the first quarter,
+the ground of which is seméed with _hearts_; the Scots lion the second, his
+feet resting upon a quaint band, which seems to occupy the place of the
+usual bordure. The three fleurs-de-lis, very much broadened, and taking
+almost the shape of crowns, occupy the places of the third and fourth
+quarters.
+
+The only instance I can find of a single lion or leopard appearing upon a
+coin without the harp, is a coin (a half-florin) of Edward III., on the
+obverse of which appears a leopard crowned, with a banner of the arms of
+England fastened to his neck, and flowing back upon his shoulder.
+
+RUDING.
+
+Oxford and Cambridge Club.
+
+    [Our correspondent has wasted his ingenuity: the bearings are, first
+    quarter, Denmark, Or, semée of hearts gules, three lions passant
+    guardant. Second quarter, Norway, a lion crowned, or holding a Danish
+    battle-axe. In base Azure, three crowns, or two and one, Sweden.
+    Surmounted by the royal crown. See _Souverains du Monde_, t. iii.
+    p. 430.]
+
+_Richard de Sancto Victorie._--In Anthony Mundy's _Successe of the Times_,
+under the head "Scotland," he says,--
+
+    "In this King Alexander's reign (1110) lived also the holy man, Richard
+    de Sancto Victorie, being a Scot borne, but lyving the more part of his
+    time at Paris, in Fraunce, where he died, and lieth buried in the Abbey
+    of S. Victorie, he being a brother of the same house."
+
+Can you furnish any particulars of my countryman Richard?
+
+PERTHENSIS.
+
+    [Richard, Abbot of St. Victor, was born in the reign of David I. After
+    such education as Scotland afforded, in polite literature, the sacred
+    Scriptures, and mathematics, the principal objects of his early
+    studies, he went over to Paris. Here the fame of Hugh, Abbot of St.
+    Victor, induced him to settle in that monastery, to pursue his
+    theological studies. In 1164, upon the death of Hugh, he was chosen
+    prior, which office he filled for nine years with great wisdom and
+    prudence. He died March 10, 1173, and was buried in that monastery. He
+    was the author of several treatises on subjects of practical divinity,
+    and on scripture criticism, particularly on the description of
+    Solomon's temple, Ezekiel's temple, and on the apparent contradictions
+    in the books of Kings and Chronicles. They were all published at Paris
+    in 1518 and 1540 in {353} two vols. folio, at Venice in 1692, at
+    Cologne in 1621, and at Rouen in 1650, which is reckoned the best
+    edition. A summary account of his works is given in Mackenzie's _Lives
+    and Characters of Writers of the Scots Nation_, vol i. p. 147., edit.
+    1708.]
+
+_St. Blase._--In Norwich, every fifty years, the festival of Bishop Blase
+is observed with great ceremony. What connexion had he with that city?
+
+W. P. E.
+
+    [Norwich formerly abounded with woolcombers, who still esteem Bishop
+    Blase as their patron saint, probably from the [Combe of Yren] with
+    which he was tortured previously to his martyrdom. "No other reason,"
+    says Alban Butler, "than the great devotion of the people to this
+    celebrated martyr of the Church, seems to have given occasion to the
+    woolcombers to choose him the titular patron of their profession; on
+    which account his festival is still kept by them with a solemn guild at
+    Norwich."]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies.
+
+LEICESTER AS RANGER OF SNOWDON.
+
+(Vol. ix., p. 125.)
+
+In a note to Parry's _Royal Visits and Progresses in Wales_, p. 317., I
+find the following allusion to the circumstances mentioned in ELFFIN AP
+GWYDDNO'S Query regarding Leicester's Rangership of Snowdon, and the
+patriotic opposition offered to his oppressions. I regret I am unable to
+afford the desired information respecting the imprisonment of the Welsh
+gentleman in the Tower. Could not this be furnished by some of your readers
+who have access to public documents and records of the period? This
+imprisonment is not mentioned either in the account I append, or in a
+longer one to be found in Appendix XVI. vol. iii. of Pennant's _Tour in
+Wales_:
+
+    "Among the Welsh nobility who formed a part of her Majesty's household,
+    were Sir Richard Bulkeley, Bart., and Mrs. Blanche Parry, both of whom
+    seem to have been brought up in the court from their infancy, and,
+    consequently, in great esteem with her Majesty; so much so, that the
+    Earl of Leicester, the Queen's favourite, began to be jealous of Sir
+    Richard: and with a view of having him removed from court, he made an
+    attempt to have him accused, upon false evidence, of treason. With this
+    wicked design, the Earl of Leicester informed her Majesty that the
+    council had been examining Sir Richard Bulkeley, and that they found
+    him a dangerous person; that he dwelt in a suspicious corner of the
+    world, and should be committed to the Tower. 'What! Sir Richard
+    Bulkeley!' said the Queen; 'he never intended us any harm. We have
+    brought him up from a boy, and have had special trial of his fidelity;
+    ye shall not commit him.' 'We have the care of your Majesty's person,'
+    said the Earl, 'and see more and hear more of the man than you do: he
+    is of an aspiring mind, and lives in a remote place.' 'Before God!'
+    replied the Queen; 'we will be sworn upon the Holy Evangelists, he
+    never intended any harm.' And then her Majesty ran to the Bible, and
+    kissing it, said: 'You shall not commit him; we have brought him up
+    from a boy.' Sir Richard, however, was too high-minded to suffer such
+    an imputation to be laid to his character. He insisted on an inquiry;
+    during which it appeared, that Lord Dudley, Earl of Leicester, had been
+    appointed a ranger of the Royal Forest of Snowdon, which, in the
+    Queen's time, included some portion of Merioneth and Anglesey. This
+    nobleman's insolence to the inhabitants of the forest was more than
+    could be brooked. He tried to bring many freeholders' estates within
+    the boundary; juries were empannelled, but the commissioners rejected
+    their returns as unfavourable to the Earl. Those honest jurors,
+    however, persisted, and found a verdict for the country. But in the
+    year 1538, he succeeded by a packed jury, who appeared in his livery,
+    blue, with ragged staves on the sleeves; men who, after this nefarious
+    act, were stigmatised with the title of 'The Black Jury who sold their
+    country.' Sir Richard Bulkeley, who, with Sir William Herbert and
+    others, superseded a prior commission, resisted this oppression with
+    great firmness, and laid those odious grievances before the Queen,
+    whose regard for her loyal subjects in Wales was evinced by the
+    recalling of the first commission, by proclamation at Westminster, in
+    1579. The Earl being worsted, sought the life of Sir Richard by having
+    him charged as above. But this generous and patriotic nobleman, by his
+    excellent and manly conduct, overthrew every malevolent design of his
+    enemy; and came out of this fiery trial as clear as the pellucid
+    crystal of Snowdon."
+
+R. E. G. C.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+INMAN FAMILY.
+
+(Vol. ix., p. 198.)
+
+A SUBSCRIBER having challenged me by name to assist him in resolving his
+"historic doubts," I hasten to afford him what information I possess,
+conscious at the same time that I can add little or nothing that will
+materially aid him in his investigation.
+
+First, then, as to Owen Gam. This name savours strongly of the leek, both
+Christian and surname being unequivocally British. _Gam_, in Welsh,
+signifies the "one-eyed;" we may conclude, therefore, that this gentleman,
+or one of his progenitors, had lost an eye in one of the frays common in
+bygone days, and so acquired the appellation of _Gam_. A SUBSCRIBER has
+omitted to give dates with his Queries, and thus leaves us in the dark as
+to the precise period he refers to; still, it may interest him to know that
+David Gam, a landed proprietor of some importance in Herefordshire, temp.
+Henry IV. and V., who had married the sister of Owen Glyndwr, was
+discovered in an attempt to assassinate his brother-in-law, the royal
+chieftain; and was, in consequence, arrested {354} and confined ten years
+in Owen's prison at Llansaintffraid. He was afterwards released; and
+distinguished himself, together with some near relatives, as Pennant
+relates, at the battle of Agincourt, where he fell, pierced with wounds,
+while assisting in the rescue of his royal master King Henry. Possibly,
+Owen Gam may have been a descendant of this half-hero, half-assassin.
+
+Llewellyn Clifford, again, is a name strongly suggestive of its owner's
+connexion with Cambria. If A SUBSCRIBER has exhausted the resources of the
+Clifford pedigrees, it were, I suppose, useless to refer him to the
+ancestry of the defunct Earls of Cumberland; and especially to that part of
+it represented by Sir Roger de Clifford, of Clifford, co. Hereford, a
+famous soldier in the days of Henry III. and Edward I. He accompanied the
+latter monarch in his inroads into Wales, and fell in battle there, not far
+from Bangor, circa 1282-3, leaving several children; one of the younger of
+whom I conjecture to have been the father of the before-named Llewellyn
+Clifford. After having subjugated the country, we can easily fancy the
+conquerors perpetuating the event by naming certain of their posterity
+after the fallen prince Llewellyn.
+
+As for Sir William de Roas (or Ros), A SUBSCRIBER is wrong in supposing his
+name to have been Ingman; for although he resided at Ingmanthorpe, co.
+York, his surname, in common with that of a long line of ancestry and
+descendants, was De Ros only. He was the grandson of Robert de Ros, the
+founder of the two castles, Werke and Hamlake, and one of the leaders of
+the baronial forces in their armed opposition to the tyrant King John.
+
+Before closing this communication, I would suggest to A SUBSCRIBER, and to
+all others propounding genealogical Queries, the absolute necessity of
+affixing _dates_ to their inquiries in every possible instance; as nothing
+is easier than to go astray, sometimes for half-a-dozen generations, in
+fixing the identity of a solitary individual.
+
+T. HUGHES.
+
+Chester.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ROBERT DUDLEY, EARL OF LEICESTER.
+
+(Vol. ix., pp. 105. 160.)
+
+That this infamous man _did_ die of poison, is, I believe, the general
+opinion. The late Dr. Cooke Taylor has the following passage upon the
+subject, in his _Romantic Biography of the Age of Elizabeth_, vol. i.
+p. 115.:
+
+    "Nearly all the cotemporary writers assert that Leicester fell a victim
+    to poison; Naunton declares that he, by mistake, swallowed the potion
+    he had prepared for another person; and, as there can be no doubt that
+    the Earl was a poisoner of great eminence and success, the story is far
+    from being improbable. The Privy Council must have believed that his
+    death was not natural, for they minutely investigated a report that he
+    had been poisoned by the son of Sir James Crofts, in revenge for the
+    imprisonment of his father. Some suspicious circumstances were elicited
+    during the examination; but the matter was suddenly dropped, probably
+    because an inquiry into any one of the complicated intrigues of
+    Elizabeth's court would have involved too many persons of honour and
+    consequence."
+
+Drummond of Hawthornden, in his _Notes of Conversations with Ben Jonson_,
+has the following curious note:
+
+    "The Earl of Leicester gave a bottle of liquor to his lady, which he
+    willed her to use in any faintness; which she, after his returne from
+    Court, not knowing it was poison, gave him, and so he died."
+
+This is a strong confirmation of the statement given by Sir Robert Naunton.
+
+In one of the many valuable notes appended by Dr. Bliss to the _Athenæ
+Oxonienses_, is the following cotemporary narrative, copied from a MS.
+memoranda on a copy of _Leicester's Ghost_:
+
+    "The author (of the poem) hath omitted the end of the Earle, the which
+    may thus and truely be supplied. The Countesse Lettice fell in love
+    with Christopher Blunt, gent., of the Earle's horse; and they had many
+    secret meetings, and much wanton familiarity; the which being
+    discovered by the Earle, to prevent the pursuit thereof, when Generall
+    of the Low Countreys, hee tooke Blunt with him, and theire purposed to
+    have him made away: and for this plot there was a ruffian of Burgundy
+    suborned, who, watching him in one night going to his lodging at the
+    Hage, followed him and struck at his head with a halbert or battle-axe,
+    intending to cleave his head. But the axe glaunced, and withall pared
+    off a great piece of Blunt's skull, which was very dangerous and longe
+    in healinge: but he recovered, and after married the Countesse; who
+    took this soe ill, as that she, with Blunt, deliberated and resolved to
+    dispatch the Earle. The Earle, not patient of this soe greate wrong of
+    his wife, purposed to carry her to Kenilworth; and to leave here there
+    untill her death by naturall or by violent means, but rather by the
+    last. The Countesse also having a suspicion, or some secret
+    intelligence of this treachery against her, provided artificial meanes
+    to prevent the Earle; which was by a cordiall, the which she had no fit
+    opportunity to offer him till he came to Cornebury Hall, in
+    Oxfordshire; where the Earle, after his gluttonous manner, surfeiting
+    with excessive eating and drinking, fell soe ill that he was forced to
+    stay there. Then the deadly cordiall was propounded unto him by the
+    Countesse; as Mr. William Haynes, sometimes the Earle's page, and then
+    gentleman of his bed-chamber, told me, who protested hee saw her give
+    that fatall cup to the Earle, which was his last draught, and an end of
+    his plott against the Countesse, and of his journey, and of himselfe;
+    and soe--_Fraudis fraude sua prenditur artifex._"--_Athenæ Oxon._, vol.
+    ii. col. 74, 75. note.
+
+EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+{355}
+
+HARDMAN'S ACCOUNT OF WATERLOO.
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 199.; Vol. ix., p. 176.)
+
+I perfectly recollect reading, when a boy, a critique on this poem, and
+being much amused thereby. The critique appeared in the _Literary Gazette_
+or _Athenæum_, as well as I remember. I never saw the poem, but I recollect
+some of the lines quoted, which went nearly as follows:--
+
+ "The following morning, at break of day,
+  An orderly dragoon did come this way:
+  'Holloa! holloa! I say, give ear,
+  Is Adjutant Hardman quartered here?
+  Holloa! halloa! I am not wrong,
+  Is Adjutant Hardman here at home?'"
+
+I merely quote from memory and hope, therefore, that any deviations from
+the original may be pardoned.
+
+Lieutenant (Brevet Captain) Hardman, if not a first-rate poet, is a gallant
+soldier, and I rejoice to see his name in the _Army List_ for March, 1854.
+I cannot ascertain at what period he joined the army, but he was present at
+the cavalry engagements of Sahagun and Benevente, on December 20th and
+27th, 1808, on the retreat of Sir John Moore's army to Coruña, for which he
+is decorated with a Peninsula medal. For his bravery as a non-commissioned
+officer he was promoted, May 19, 1813, to a cornetcy in the royal wagon
+train; and was transferred, August 12 following, to the 23rd Light
+Dragoons, and was same day appointed Regimental Adjutant of that corps. On
+the almost total change of officers that took place in the 10th Hussars,
+owing to the quarrels of Colonels Quentin and Palmer, Lieutenant Hardman
+succeeded Captain Bromley, on December 15, 1814, as Lieutenant and Adjutant
+in the corps in which he had commenced his military career; a sufficient
+proof of his having been a zealous, active, and efficient non-commissioned
+officer, when serving as such in the regiment. He embarked at Ramsgate with
+the service squadrons of his regiment in April, 1815, and landed at Ostend,
+whence the 10th regiment proceeded to Brussels: it was present at Quatre
+Bras, although not engaged with the enemy: and at Waterloo it behaved with
+the greatest gallantry, and lost two officers, nineteen soldiers, and
+fifty-one horses killed, in addition to six officers and twenty-six men
+wounded. Lieutenant Hardman's position as adjutant necessarily kept him in
+the vicinity of his commanding officers, Col. Quentin and Major Howard;
+therefore he was an eye-witness of poor Howard's death. Lieutenant Hardman
+received the Waterloo medal. The 10th Hussars landed at Ramsgate, from
+Boulogne, in January, 1816, and marched to Brighton, where Lieutenant
+Hardman resigned the adjutantcy, February 8, 1816, and exchanged to
+half-pay of the regiment, June 6, same year, since which period he has not
+served upon full pay.
+
+G. L. S.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CHURCHES IN "DOMESDAY BOOK."
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 151.)
+
+A. W. H. says, "In the case of many parishes it is stated [in _Domesday
+Book_], that there was a church there: is it considered _conclusive_
+authority that there was not one, if it is not mentioned in _Domesday
+Book_?" This question has, I doubt not, often engaged the attention of
+antiquaries; and I am somewhat surprised that the Query has elicited no
+reply. The conclusion has often been drawn that, no church being mentioned,
+none existed before the survey. It would appear this conclusion has been an
+erroneous one. In the last volume issued by the Chetham Society (_Documents
+relating to the Priory of Penwortham, and other Possessions in Lancashire
+of the Abbey of Evesham_, edited by W. A. Hulton, Esq.) that point is ably
+discussed; and as Mr. Hulton's views on a subject of so much interest
+cannot but be valuable, I venture to extract them, as worthy of a place in
+"N. & Q." He says:
+
+    "Donations of churches with tithes are made directly after the survey
+    of _Domesday_ was taken. And yet that survey is entirely silent as to
+    their existence. Similar omissions have given rise to doubts, whether
+    the institution of our parochial economy had been carried out to its
+    full extent previous to the Conquest, and whether we are not indebted
+    to the Normans for its full perfection. Such doubts are unfounded....
+    There is nothing in _Domesday_ to justify the doubts alluded to. A
+    consideration of the objects of that survey will dissipate them: the
+    purpose was principally financial. It was directed so as to obtain a
+    correct account of the taxable property within the kingdom. And it was
+    immaterial whether the proceeds were paid altogether to the owner, or a
+    definite portion was diverted into other channels. Therefore those
+    churches which were endowed only with tithes of the surrounding
+    districts, as Eccleston and Croston, Penwortham and Leyland, in Leyland
+    Hundred, and Rochdale and Eccles, in Salford Hundred, were unnoticed,
+    although the two first-named churches were granted by Roger de Poictou,
+    with their tithes and other appurtenances, to the Priory of Lancaster;
+    and the pages of the _Coucher Book of Whalley_ prove the two latter
+    churches to have existed at a date perhaps anterior to the Conquest.
+    But the case was different when a church was endowed with glebe-land.
+    Such a church appeared in the light of a landowner, and in that
+    character is its existence notified. Thus, in modern Lancashire, south
+    of the Ribble, the churches of Wigan and Winwick, Childwall, Walton,
+    Warrington, Manchester, Blackburn, and Whalley are expressly named in
+    _Domesday_, but invariably in connexion with the ownership of land. It
+    seems clear, therefore, that the silence of _Domesday_ cannot be urged
+    as a proof of the {356} non-existence of a church, or of the subsequent
+    grant of those rights and privileges by which its due efficiency is
+    maintained."--_Introd._, p. xxiii.
+
+WM. DOBSON.
+
+Preston.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MEMOIRS OF GRAMMONT.
+
+(Vol. viii., pp. 461. 549.; Vol. ix., pp. 3. 204.)
+
+    "Ceste noble race de Grantmont."--_Brantôme._
+
+The following are some of the principal events in the life of the Chevalier
+de Grammont.
+
+He was born in the year 1621, probably at the family seat of Bidache, in
+Gascony.
+
+He was sent to the college at Pau in Béarn, the nearest university to the
+family residence. His studies here did not much benefit him; and although
+intended for the church, we find him at a later period actually highly
+commending the Lord's Prayer, and seriously inquiring by whom it was
+written. On his declining a clerical life, he was sent to the French army
+in Piedmont in 1643. He served under his brother, the Marshal, and the
+Prince de Condé; and was present at the three battles of Fribourg on the
+3rd, 5th, and 9th Aug. 1644; and at that of Nordlinguen on the 3rd Aug.
+1645. It was at the battle of Fribourg that the Prince de Condé, having
+failed in his first attack on the enemy, got off horseback, and placed
+himself at the head of the regiment of Conti, whilst all the officers and
+volunteers alighted also, amongst whom is mentioned the Chevalier de
+Grammont; and this reassuring the soldiers, they charged the enemy, who
+fled into a wood under favour of the approaching night. At Nordlinguen, the
+Marshal de Grammont was taken prisoner, and nearly murdered by the Germans,
+to revenge the death of their General, the great Mercy, who was slain in
+the battle. The Marshal was subsequently exchanged against Gen. Gleen.
+
+In 1647 Grammont served again under his brother and the Prince de Condé in
+Spain: and in 1648 he was present with them at the battle of Lens on the
+20th Aug., where the Archduke Leopold and General Beck were totally
+defeated in Flanders.
+
+The troubles of the Fronde now commenced; and in the first instance
+Grammont zealously attached himself to the prince. In Dec. 1649, he tested
+the accuracy of the report that it was intended to assassinate the prince
+by sending his own coach with the prince's liveries over the Pont Neuf, to
+see what would occur. The result was, the coach was fired at; but, as no
+one was in it, the would-be assassins did no harm. During the imprisonment
+of the princes, Grammont, with others, joined the Spanish army which had
+advanced into Picardy, in consequence of the treaty the Duchesse de
+Longueville and Turenne had made with the King of Spain.
+
+We do not find when Grammont left the prince's party; the prince himself
+admitted it was with honour. He seems to have connected himself with
+Gaston, Duke of Orleans; and is styled about this time by "la Grande
+Mademoiselle" as one of her father's gentlemen. She also relates that when
+the royal forces threatened Orleans, the inhabitants sent to the duke for
+succour, and he sent the Count de Fiesque and Mons. de Grammont, who
+appeased their fears. The duke also advised his daughter to take the
+opinion of Fiesque and Grammont in all matters, as they had been in Orleans
+long enough to know what ought to be done. When Mademoiselle was trying to
+effect an entrance into the city, Grammont incited the inhabitants to
+assist in breaking open a gate, which the authorities, under fear of the
+royal displeasure, were afraid to direct. The gate was broken open, and she
+was borne in triumph along the streets.
+
+It was probably at this period that Grammont sighed for the Countess de
+Fiesque (about whom he, and his nephew the Count de Guiche, quarrelled); as
+Mademoiselle, in her _Memoirs_, relates that, in the year 1656, on her
+interview with Christina, Queen of Sweden, she presented to her, amongst
+others, the Countess de Fiesque, one of her ladies of honour. The Queen
+observed: "The Countess de Fiesque is not so beautiful as to have made so
+much noise; is the Chevalier de Grammont still in love with her?"
+
+In 1654 Grammont accompanied the Court to Peronne; where they anxiously
+awaited Turenne's attempt to force the Prince de Condé's lines at Arras, as
+related in the _Memoirs_.
+
+On the 25th Nov. 1655, Madame de Sevigné writes to Bussi-Rabutin, relating
+an anecdote in which Grammont was a party.
+
+Madame de Motteville relates that Queen Christina rallied the Chevalier de
+Grammont on the passion he had then for the Duchesse de Mercoeur, one of
+Cardinal Mazarin's nieces; and spared him only on account of the utter
+hopelessness of it.
+
+It is about this period we are inclined to place Grammont's first visit to
+England; where curiosity, Hamilton informs us, drew him to see so
+remarkable a character as Cromwell; but this visit will be a good
+starting-place for the next Number.
+
+W. H. LAMMIN.
+
+Fulham.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CELTIC AND LATIN LANGUAGES.
+
+(Vol. viii., pp. 174. 280. 353.; Vol. ix., p. 14.)
+
+    "Professor F. W. Newman, in his little work entitled _Regal Rome_,
+    maintains that the old languages of Italy, especially the Umbrian and
+    Sabine, contained a striking predominance of Celtic ingredients, and he
+    wishes to show that this is still evident even in the Latin of Cicero.
+    His proof rests on vocabularies (pp. 19--26.), especially in regard to
+    the military, political, and {357} religious words which he supposes
+    the Romans derived from the Sabines (p. 61.). With regard to these
+    lists, I have to observe, that while all that is valid in the
+    comparison merely gives the Indo-Germanic of the Celtic languages--a
+    fact beyond dispute--Mr. Newman takes no pains to discriminate between
+    the marks of an original identity of root, and those words which the
+    Celts of Britain derived from their Roman conquerors."--Donaldson's
+    _Varronianus_, p. 64.
+
+    "It is to be remarked, that almost _all the words_ of the British
+    tongue agree either with the Greek or Latin. It is this strong
+    similarity of features between their own language and those of Greece
+    and Italy, that has induced so many of my countrymen to claim for it
+    the honour of being the mother-tongue of all, and to scorn all
+    examination which did not commence with this confession. Even the late
+    learned Dr. Owen Pugh has, in his _Dictionary_, by arbitrarily
+    selecting certain syllables as the roots of all Cumrian words, done
+    much to foster this overweening conceit. The system was carried to its
+    extreme point of absurdity by the Rev. Edward Davies, who by the help
+    of such syllables expected to unravel the mysteries of all languages.
+    This failure has I hope paved the way for the more sober consideration
+    of the question, which, if worked out fairly, will in my opinion
+    establish the claim of the Cumrian tongue, if not to be the mother of
+    all tongues, at least to be a valuable branch of the Caucasian tree of
+    languages. Now, had the two races, the Roman and Cumrian, remained
+    always separate, a comparative etymology would have been an easy task;
+    for no more would be necessary than to put the similar roots, having
+    the same meaning, side by side. But, unfortunately for the scholar who
+    undertakes to prove the question, the Romans were in this island four
+    hundred years, colonised it partly, and partly gave it their own form
+    of civilisation. As before mentioned, the inhabitants adopted with
+    avidity the Roman dress, language, and literature. That language must
+    therefore be supposed to have entered deeply into the composition of
+    the present Cumrian tongue. The sceptical examiner may therefore
+    reasonably object, that any similarity between the two languages might
+    have originated in the adoption of that of Rome by the British
+    provincials. In answer to this I refer in the first place to Lloyd's
+    reasoning, quoted in the note," viz. that the same similarity exists
+    between the Latin and the Erse [see Newman, in the _Classical Museum_,
+    vol. vi.]. "In the second place to the fact, that Wales and Cornwall do
+    not appear to have been occupied, like the rest of England, by the
+    Romans."... "Still, however, the long residence of the Romans in the
+    island, with the known influence always produced by such a state of
+    things, renders every statement grounded on the similarity alone of the
+    languages of the two races, the conquered and the conquerors, liable to
+    suspicion. I have therefore been compelled to enter upon an exceedingly
+    difficult investigation, which, if successful, must prove the radical
+    identity of the Latin and Cumrian tongues. The proof is this: If there
+    are derivative words in the Latin, of which we must seek the primitives
+    in the Cumrian, and if these primitives be shown to furnish an
+    explanation of many words before inexplicable on etymological
+    principles. For example, if the word 'to tread' under various forms be
+    found, with the meaning 'to trample with the feet,' in most of the
+    western languages of Europe, and have no noun to base itself upon in
+    these languages, and yet the noun 'traed the feet' be found in one of
+    them, the inference is irresistible that the verb in all its forms was
+    derived from this root. To deny this would be equivalent to a denial
+    that the Latin verb _calcare_ came from _calx_, 'the heel.' In the
+    following list, such words alone, with a few exceptions for the sake of
+    etymological illustration, have been introduced. It might have been
+    indefinitely extended, but the difficulty was to confine the examples
+    within moderate limits."--Williams on _One Source of the Non-Hellenic
+    Portion of the Latin Language_.[2]
+
+This eminent scholar supplies sixty-two, with explanatory notes, and
+subjoins a list of sixty-three. Under the example "Occo, occare, _to
+harrow_," he observes:
+
+    "Persons who wish to draw subtle inferences say that all the terms of
+    the Romans connected with agriculture may be referred to a Greek
+    source, while the terms expressive of war and hunting are non-Hellenic.
+    The induction fails completely in both parts, as might easily be shown.
+    When Cæsar landed in Britain, the natives were agriculturists, densely
+    planted. And Halley proved, that the harvest which Cæsar's soldiers
+    reaped had ripened at the average period of a Kentish harvest in his
+    days. Assuredly then the Britons had not the agricultural names to
+    learn from the Romans of an after age."
+
+    "I begin," says Newman, "with the country and domestic animals, which
+    will show how very far from the truth Niebuhr was, when he imagined
+    that in words connected with 'the gentler pursuits of life' the Roman
+    language has peculiarly extensive agreement with the Hellenic."
+
+When your correspondent T. H. T. says--
+
+    "Professor Newman, in his _Regal Rome_, has drawn attention to the
+    subject; but his induction does not appear sufficiently extensive to
+    warrant any decisive conclusion respecting the position the Celtic
+    holds as an element of the Latin,"--
+
+he could not have known that the same writer has, in the sixth volume of
+the _Classical Museum_, continued the comparison at great length; and as
+that work falls into the hands of but few, I shall transcribe some passages
+which may throw light on the subject:
+
+    "It has for some years been recognised, at least by several English
+    scholars, that there is a remarkable similarity between the Celtic
+    languages and Latin. In the case of Welsh it was, I believe, at first
+    supposed that the words must have been introduced by the Roman dominion
+    in Britain; but when the likeness was found to exist in the Erse, and
+    that the Erse was even more like to Latin (as regards the consonants)
+    than the Welsh is, this idea of course fell to {358} the ground. The
+    scholar and physiologist, who pressed into notice the strong
+    similarities of the Celtic to the European languages, and claimed a
+    place for Celtic within that group, Dr. Prichard, has naturally fixed
+    his attention with so much strength on the _primitive_ relations of all
+    these tongues, as to be jealous and suspicious of an argument, which
+    alleges that the one has borrowed from the other. Some ten years ago,
+    by his favour, I read a MS. of a vocabulary (the composition of Dr.
+    Stratton, formerly of Aberdeen), which compared the Gaelic with the
+    Latin tongue in alphabetical order without comment or development. From
+    this vocabulary Prichard gives an extract in his chapter on the Italian
+    nations, and finds it entirely to confirm his views that the Roman
+    language has not suffered any larger admixture by a foreign action.
+    What is or was Dr. Stratton's opinion, I never heard. His vocabulary
+    first suggested to me the value of this inquiry, and that is all.
+    Having now been led to a fuller examination of the Welsh and Gaelic
+    dictionaries, I find not only a far greater abundance of material
+    (especially in the Welsh) than I could have imagined; but also, that by
+    grouping words aright, conclusions result such as I had not expected,
+    and adverse to those of Dr. Prichard."
+
+Professor Newman, as T. H. T. has observed, confined himself to a tabular
+view of Celtic and Latin words; but the grammatical structure and formal
+development of the two languages have not been overlooked in the
+philological literature of England. These interesting inquiries have been
+pursued by Dr. Prichard, in his elaborate treatise on the _Eastern Origin
+of the Celtic Nations_, and the Rev. W. D. Conybeare, (in his _Theological
+Lectures delivered in Bristol College in 1831-33_) has shown that it is by
+thus analysing the grammatical structure, which forms the very skeleton of
+languages, rather than by confining our attention to mere vocabularies,
+that we may best detect their true affinities, and has illustrated this
+doctrine by a few Welsh examples. In the _West of England Archæological
+Journal_ is exhibited (I believe by the same author) the identity of verbal
+forms in the Welsh and Latin languages.
+
+Nevertheless, Archdeacon Williams maintains that two languages may have a
+common vocabulary, but different grammars[3]:
+
+    "The Latin language, whether from Pelasgic or Achæan influence, adopted
+    at an early period the Hellenic grammar; and, under the skilful hands
+    of the bilingual Ennius, became that polished interpreter of thought,
+    which yields in regularity and majesty to the Greek alone. The Cumri
+    either retained, which is more probable, a still more ancient, or
+    invented a grammar, now peculiar to themselves. This, although it be
+    simple and scientific in the highest degree, is so completely at
+    variance with all the other grammars of the civilised world, that
+    scholars who have to acquire it late in life feel the strongest
+    repugnance to its forms and principles, and are tempted to regard a
+    language more fixed and unchangeable in its principles than any other
+    existing, as more slippery and grasp-escaping than the Proteus of the
+    Grecian mythology."
+
+Since I wrote these extracts, I have been much gratified by the perusal of
+Archdeacon Williams's _Gomer_, which I recommend to all interested in this
+inquiry.
+
+  BIBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM.
+
+[Footnote 2: In _Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh_, vol.
+xiii.]
+
+[Footnote 3: In his _Gomer_ he shows that the Latin and Cymraeg display
+great similarity in the tenses of the substantive verb.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+_Box Sawdust for Collodion._--The following will be of some use to your
+photographic readers:
+
+I find that, by treating box sawdust with nitric and sulphuric acid (in the
+same manner as cotton), and then dissolving it in ether, it gives a far
+more sensitive collodion than either cotton or paper, and the pictures
+produced by it are of unequalled brilliancy.
+
+Can you inform me whether portraits can be taken _for sale_, by the
+collodion process, without infringing upon the patents?
+
+CHAS. WHITWORTH.
+
+Henrietta St., Birmingham.
+
+_Proportions of Chlorides and Silver._--I trust you will allow me space in
+your valuable work for some remarks in reference to an important
+photographic query, viz. What are the proportions of chlorides and silver
+uniformly suited to give the best positive pictures?
+
+I am led to propose this subject for the consideration of practical
+photographists, and, if possible, that amateurs may arrive at something
+like a rule to guide them in printing positives that will please.
+
+The necessity of these remarks, to me at least, appear very evident from
+the wide space which stands between the proportions proposed by various
+operators. MR. LYTE, "N. & Q.," Vol. ix., p. 158., says 42 grains of
+chloride and 100 grains of silver to 1 oz. of water. MR. POLLOCK, "N. &Q.,"
+Vol. vii., p. 588., says 20 grains chloride, and 90 grains of silver to the
+ounce. MR. HOCKIN has 10 grains chloride, silver 60. MR. DELAMOTTE, for
+albumenized paper, chloride 60 grains, silver 120. MR. THORNTHWAITE begins
+as low as chloride ½ grain, and silver 30 grains; and lastly, amidst a long
+range of proportions, from 1 grain of chloride to the ounce, and silver 20
+grains to the ounce, DR. DIAMOND, a great authority in photography, assures
+all that the best results can be obtained by using of chloride 5 grains to
+the ounce, and of silver 40 grains to the ounce. If so, let the
+photographic world know that the latter proportions are sufficient, and the
+others needless, wasteful, and expensive without cause. I trust you agree
+with me in thinking that it would be of use to a large number of beginners
+to have the proportions best suited for printing positives defined as near
+as possible, and not be left to guess at proportions varying from ½ grain
+to 60 grains, and from 20 to 120. I have written hurriedly, and hope you
+will see the object I aim at.
+
+AMATEUR.
+
+{359}
+
+_Photographic Copies of Rembrandt._--The extreme rarity and great pecuniary
+value of many of Rembrandt's finest etchings are doubtless well known to
+many of our readers, as being such as to put these master-pieces of art
+beyond the reach of ordinary purchasers. This series of works, calculated
+beyond all others of their kind to delight the possessor, will however,
+thanks to photography, soon be obtainable by all admirers of the great
+master. Two distinguished French photographers, the brothers MM. Bisson,
+have succeeded in obtaining, by means of this wonderful art, copies of a
+fidelity attainable by no other process: so that the wondrous lights,
+shades, half-tones, and chiaro-obscuro, for which Rembrandt is so
+remarkable, are preserved in all their original beauty. The plates will be
+accompanied by descriptive letter-press, and by a Biography of Rembrandt
+from the pen of M. Charles Blanc. As the works are so numerous, the first
+series will consist of forty plates, to be issued in ten livraisons, each
+containing four plates, price twenty francs; a very moderate sum, if we
+remember that among the works thus to be issued, at a cost of five francs
+each, will be found copies of such gems as the _Avocat Tolling_ and the
+_Pièce de Cent Florins_.
+
+_Coloured Photographs._--I have lately seen, and very much admired, some
+specimens of photographic coloured portraits. They have all the broad
+effect of the great masters perfectly in detail, and none of the niggling
+effect of many coloured photographs, which are in fact specimens of
+miniature painting rather than photography--the outline alone being given
+by the photographic art. The specimens I refer to appear to have been
+soaked in oil, or some transparent varnish, and then coloured in separate
+tints, probably from the back; the shadows being _entirely_ photographic.
+It is evident they are quickly and easily executed; but I am desirous of
+knowing the exact process, and shall be much obliged for information on the
+subject.
+
+AN AMATEUR.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Dr. Eleazar Duncon_ (Vol. ix., pp. 56. 184.).--Dr. Eleazar Duncon, and his
+brother Mr. John Duncon, are mentioned in Barnabas Oley's Preface to George
+Herbert's _Country Parson_, as having "died before the miracle of our happy
+Restoration." There was another brother, Mr. Edmund Duncon, rector of
+Fryarn Barnet, in the county of Middlesex; sent by Mr. Farrer to visit
+George Herbert, during his last illness.
+
+E. H. A.
+
+_Christian Names_ (Vol. vii., pp. 406. 488. 626.).--The earliest instance I
+have yet met with, of an individual with two Christian names, occurs in the
+compulsory cession of the Abbey of Vale Royal to King Henry VIII.; the deed
+conveying which is still extant in the Augmentation Office. It is in Latin,
+and signed by John Harwood the Abbot, Alexander Sedon the Prior, _William
+Brenck Harrysun_, and twelve other monks of the Abbey. Vale Royal Abbey is
+now the seat of Lord Delamere, into whose family it came by purchase in
+1616, from the descendant of Sir Thomas Holcroft, the original grantee from
+the crown.
+
+T. HUGHES.
+
+Chester.
+
+I send you a much earlier instance of two Christian names than any that has
+hitherto been given in your pages. Henry Prince of Wales, son of King Henry
+IV., was baptized by the names Henry Frederick. Vide Camden's _Remains_,
+4to., 1605. I have not a reference to the page.
+
+C. DE D.
+
+_Abigail_ (Vol. iv., pp. 424., &c.; Vol. viii., p. 653.).--Your recent
+correspondents on this subject do not appear to have met with the passage
+in which I mentioned, that since putting the question, I had found that a
+waiting-maid in Beaumont and Fletcher's comedy of _The Scornful Lady_ was
+named Abigail; and that, as the play appeared to have been a favourite one,
+the application of the name to the class generally was probably owing to
+it. In the absence of any proof of its having been previously used in this
+sense, I still continue to think that this conjecture was well founded.
+Considering the terms on which Dean Swift was with the Mashams, he was the
+last person in the world to have used such a term, unless it had been so
+long in familiar use as to be deprived of all appearance of personal
+allusion to them.
+
+J. S. WARDEN.
+
+"_Begging the question_" (Vol. viii., p. 640.).--This phrase is identical
+with that of "petitio principii," a figure of speech well known both to
+logicians and mathematicians, _i. e._ assuming a point as proved, and
+reasoning upon it as such, which has in fact not been proved.
+
+J. S. WARDEN.
+
+_Russian Emperors_ (Vol. ix., p. 222.).--I am informed by a late resident
+in Russia that the rumour to which MR. CROSFIELD refers has no foundation.
+I am farther informed, however, that after a twenty-five years' reign the
+monarch has even more absolute and despotic authority than before the lapse
+of that time. I hope this subject may be well ventilated, as considerable
+misapprehension exists about it.
+
+JOHN SCRIBE.
+
+_Garble_ (Vol. ix., p. 243.).--Your correspondent E. S. T. T. was mistaken
+when he said that the "corrupt" meaning of the word _garble_ is now the
+only one ever used. In proof of this I would give one instance, familiar to
+me, in which it still retains its "good" signification. In "working"
+cochineal, spices, and other similar merchandise at the warehouse in which
+they are stored upon their arrival in this country, the operation of {360}
+sifting and separating the good from the bad is termed _garbling_: the word
+being here employed in the very same sense as in the examples quoted by
+E. S. T. T., illustrative of its original meaning, and which sense he
+erroneously stated it no longer possessed.
+
+R. V. T.
+
+Mincing Lane.
+
+I cannot agree with your correspondent E. S. T. T., that a corruption of
+meaning has taken place in this word; and that whereas it originally meant
+a selection of the good and a discarding of the bad parts of anything, its
+present meaning, is exactly the reverse of this. Its original signification
+is correctly stated: the garbling of spices, drugs, &c., meant the
+selection of the good and the rejection of the bad. But the garbling of a
+passage cited as a testimony is a precisely analogous process. The person
+who garbles the passage omits those parts which can be used against his
+view, and adduces only those parts which support his conclusion. He selects
+the parts which are good, and rejects those which are bad, _for his
+purpose_. When a passage is said to be garbled, it is always implied that
+the person who quotes it has suppressed a portion which tells against
+himself; but that portion is, so far as he is concerned, the _bad_, not the
+_good_ portion. The secondary and metaphorical is therefore precisely
+analogous to the primary and literal sense of the word, and not the reverse
+of it.
+
+L.
+
+_Electric Telegraph_ (Vol. ix., p. 270.).--As every new attempt to improve
+this invaluable invention, and to extend its use, is of world-wide
+importance, the following extract from _La Presse_, a French newspaper of
+March 23rd, will excite inquiry:
+
+    "On écrit de Berne, le 17 Mars, MM. Brunner et Hipp, directeurs des
+    télégraphes électriques de la Suisse, viennent d'inventer un appareil
+    portatif à l'aide duquel, en l'appliquant à un point quelconque des
+    fils télégraphiques, on peut transmettre une dépêche. L'essai de cet
+    appareil a été fait à deux lieues de Berne, dans un lieu où il n'existe
+    aucune section de télégraphie."
+
+The writer goes on to say that the experiment had been tested with success
+on the lines to Zurich, Basle, Geneva, &c.
+
+J. MACRAY.
+
+Oxford.
+
+_Butler's "Lives of the Saints"_ (Vol. viii., p.387.).--The inquiry
+respecting the various editions of this valuable work not having yet
+received any answer, the following information may in some degree satisfy
+the inquirer. The first edition of the Rev. Alban Butler's _Lives of the
+Saints_ was published in the author's lifetime, at various intervals from
+1754 to 1759, when the last of the four volumes appeared, of which the
+edition was composed. Part II. of vol. iii. is now before me, with the date
+1758. No other edition appeared till after the death of the learned and
+pious author, which took place in 1773.
+
+The second edition was undertaken by the most Rev. Dr. Carpenter, Roman
+Catholic Archbishop of Dublin, and appeared in 12 vols. in 1779. It is
+stated in the title-page to be "corrected and enlarged from the author's
+own MS." It did contain all the notes omitted in the previous edition, and
+other matter prepared by the author. The third edition was published in
+Scotland, and other editions followed; but I am unable to give any
+particulars of them. But the splendid stereotype edition, published in
+London by Murphy, in 1812, in 12 vols., is by far the best ever produced,
+or ever likely to appear. Since this there have been other editions; one in
+2 vols., published in Ireland, and a cheap edition in 12 small vols.,
+printed at Derby; but they deserve little notice.
+
+F. C. H.
+
+_Anticipatory Use of the Cross_ (Vol. viii. _passim_).--In answer to
+particular inquiry, I have been furnished by a resident in Macao with an
+answer, of which the following is the substance:--The cross is commonly
+used in China, and consists of any flat boards of sufficient size, the
+upright shaft being usually eight to ten feet high. The transverse bar is
+fixed by a single nail or rivet, and is therefore often loose, and may be
+made sometimes to traverse a complete circle. It is not so much an
+instrument of punishment in itself, as it is an operation-board whereon to
+confine the criminal, not with nails, but ropes, to undergo--as in the case
+of a woman taken in adultery--the cutting away of the flesh from the bosom.
+He adds, that he has witnessed such punishment, and he has no doubt that
+the cross has been used in this way in China immemorially. Any of your
+correspondents will much oblige me by correcting or confirming this
+statement from positive testimony.
+
+T. J. BUCKTON.
+
+Lichfield.
+
+_The Marquis of Granby_ (Vol. ix., p. 127.).--A portrait of this nobleman
+constitutes the sign of a public-house at Doncaster, and of another at
+Bawtry, nine miles from that town. His lordship, it is said, occasionally
+occupied Carr House, near the former place, as a hunting-box in the middle
+of the last century. As an instance of his lordship's popularity, I may
+here add, that out of compliment to him, and for his greater convenience in
+hunting, at a period when there was a considerable extent of uninclosed and
+undrained country around Doncaster, the corporation directed several banks
+and passages to be made on their estate at Rossington; and in 1752, that
+body likewise presented the Marquis with the freedom of the borough.
+
+C. J.
+
+{361}
+
+_Irish Letters_ (Vol. ix., p. 246).--The following inscription on the
+monument of Lugnathan, nephew of St. Patrick, at Inchaguile, in Lough
+Corrib, co. Galway, is supposed to be the most ancient in Ireland:
+
+"LIE LUGNAEDON MACC LMENUEH."
+"The stone of Lugnaodon, son of Limenueh."
+
+The oldest Irish manuscript is the Book of Armagh, which contains a copy of
+the Gospels, and some very old lives of St. Patrick. (See O'Donovan's
+_Irish Grammar_, Dublin, 1845, p. lii.)
+
+THOMPSON COOPER.
+
+Cambridge.
+
+_Rev. John Cawley_ (Vol. ix., p. 247.).--In reply to the inquiry of C. T.
+R., What is the authority for stating that the Rev. John Cawley, rector of
+Didcot, was a son of Cawley the regicide? I send you the following extract
+from Wood's _Athenæ_ (Bliss's edition), vol. iv. col. 580.:
+
+    "John Cawley, son of Will. Cawley of the city of Chichester, gent.,
+    was, by the endeavours of his father, made Fellow of All Souls' College
+    (from that of Magdalen) by the visitors appointed by Parliament, anno
+    1649; took the degrees in arts, that of Master being completed in 1654;
+    and whether he became a preacher soon after, without any orders
+    conferred on him by a bishop, I cannot tell. Sure I am, that after his
+    Majesty's restoration, he became a great loyalist, disowned the former
+    actions of his father, who had been one of the judges of King Charles
+    I.; when he was tryed for his life by a pretended court of justice,
+    rayled at him (being then living in a skulking condition beyond sea);
+    and took all opportunities to free himself from having any hand or
+    anything to do in the times of usurpation. About which time, having
+    married one of the daughters of Mr. Pollard of Newnham Courtney, he
+    became rector of Dedcot, or Dudcot, in Berkshire; rector of Henley in
+    Oxfordshire; and in the beginning of March, 1666, Archdeacon of
+    Lincoln."
+
+[Greek: Halieus.]
+
+Dublin.
+
+_New Zealander and Westminster Bridge_ (Vol. ix., pp. 74. 159.).--Your
+correspondents have traced this celebrated passage to a letter from Horace
+Walpole to Sir H. Mann, and to passages in poems by Mrs. Barbauld and Kirke
+White. It appears to me that the following extract from the Preface to
+P. B. Shelley's _Peter Bell the Third_, has more resemblance to it. It is
+addressed to Moore:
+
+    "Hoping that the immortality which you have given to the Fudges you
+    will receive from them; and in the firm expectation, that when London
+    shall be an habitation of bitterns, when St. Paul's and Westminster
+    Abbey shall stand shapeless and nameless ruins, in the midst of an
+    unpeopled marsh; when the piers of Westminster Bridge shall become the
+    nuclei of islets of reeds and osiers, and cast the jagged shadows of
+    their broken arches on the solitary stream; some transatlantic
+    commentator will be weighing in the scales of some new and now
+    unimagined system of criticism, the respective merits of the Bells, and
+    the Fudges, and their historians."
+
+JOHN THRUPP.
+
+10. York Gate.
+
+Several passages from different writers having been mentioned in your
+columns as likely to have suggested to our brilliant essayist and historian
+his celebrated graphic sketch of the New Zealander meditating over the
+ruins of London, I would beg leave to hint the probability that not one of
+those many passages were present to his mind or memory at the moment he
+wrote. The fact is that the picture is so true to nature, and has been so
+often sketched, and the associations and reflections arising from it so
+often felt and described, that I cannot for a moment admit the insinuation
+of a charge of plagiarism, or even unconscious adaptation of another's
+thoughts in one so abundantly stored with imagery of his own, that the very
+overflowings of his own wealth would enrich a generation of writers. It has
+however occurred to me that his classic mind might have remembered the
+picture of Marius amid the ruins of Carthage, or, more probably, the still
+more striking passage in the celebrated letter of Sulpicius to Cicero, on
+the death of his daughter Tullia, in which he describes himself, on his
+return from Asia, as sailing from Ægina towards Megara, and contemplating
+the surrounding countries:
+
+    "Behind me lay Ægina, before me Megara; on my right I saw Piræus, and
+    on my left Corinth. These cities, once so flourishing and magnificent,
+    now presented nothing to my view but a sad spectacle of desolation."
+
+And he then proceeds with his melancholy reflections on so many perishing
+memorials of human glory and grandeur in so small a compass.
+
+G. W. T.
+
+Volney wrote thus:
+
+    "Qui sait si sur les rives de la Seine, de la Tamise ... dans le
+    tourbillon de tant de jouissances ... un voyageur, comme moi, ne
+    s'asseoira pas un jour sur de muettes ruines, et ne pleurera pas
+    solitaire sur la cendre des peuples et la mémoire de leur
+    grandeur?"--_Les Ruines_, chap. ii. p. 11.
+
+MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.
+
+_Misapplication of Terms_ (Vol. ix., p. 44.).--I cannot pretend to set up
+my judgment against that of MR. SQUEERS, who has in his favour the
+proverbial wisdom of the Schools. Riddle, however, who I believe is an
+authority, gives the word LEGO no such meaning as "to hearken." If Plautus
+uses the word in that sense, as it is an uncommon one, the passage should
+have been quoted, or a reference given. The meaning of {362} the word
+appears to be "to collect, run over, see, read, choose." In justification
+of my criticism, and in reply to MR. SQUEERS, I shall quote Horne Tooke's
+remark, in speaking of "[Greek: ta deonta], or things which ought to be
+done;" _Div. Purley_, Pt. II. ch. viii. (vol. ii. pp. 499-501., edit.
+1849):
+
+    "The first of these, LEGEND, which means _That which ought to be read_,
+    is, from the early misapplication of the term by impostors, now used by
+    us as if it meant, _That which ought to be laughed at_. And so it is
+    explained in our Dictionaries."
+
+At the hazard of being again deemed hypercritical, while on this subject,
+_the misapplication of terms_, I must question the correctness of the
+phrase "_Under_ the _circum_stance." A thing must be _in_ or _amidst_ its
+_circum_-stances; it cannot be _under_ them. I admit the commonness of the
+expression, but it is not the less a solecism. Can you inform me when it
+was introduced? I hope it is not old enough to be considered inveterate.
+The best authors write "in the circumstances;" and yet so prevalent is the
+anomaly, that in a very respectable periodical, not long since, the French
+"_dans_ les circonstances présentes," given as a quotation, is rendered
+"_Under_ the present circumstances."
+
+J. W. THOMAS.
+
+Dewsbury.
+
+_Hoglandia_ (Vol. viii., p. 151.).--In reply to an inquiry for the full
+title of a book from which a quotation is given in _Pugna Porcorum_, the
+full title is [Greek: Choirochôrographia], _sive Hoglandiæ descriptio_,
+published anonymously in 1709, in retaliation of Edward Holdsworth's
+_Muscipula_. "Hoglandia" is Hampshire, and Holdsworth probably was a
+Hampshire man, for he was educated at Winchester, and we may presume the
+anonymous author to have been a Cambro-Briton.
+
+H. L.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+LINGARD'S ENGLAND. Foolscap 8vo. 1844. Vols. I. to V., and X. and XI.
+
+THE WORKS OF DR. JONATHAN SWIFT. London, printed for C. Bathurst, in Fleet
+Street, 1768. Vol. VII. (Vol. VI. ending with "Verses on the Death of Dr.
+Swift," written in Nov. 1731.)
+
+BYRON'S WORKS. Vol. VI. of Murray's Edition. 1829.
+
+The Volume of the LONDON POLYGLOTT which contains the Prophets.
+Imperfection in other parts of no consequence.
+
+CARLISLE ON GRAMMAR SCHOOLS.
+
+THE CIRCLE OF THE SEASONS. London, 1828. 12mo. Two copies.
+
+*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be
+sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
+
+Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the
+gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are
+given for that purpose:
+
+LATIMER'S SERMONS. Published by the Parker Society. Vol. I.
+
+  Wanted by _Mr. J. G. Nichols_, 25. Parliament Street.
+
+PLANS OR MAPS OF ANCIENT LONDON, and Representations of Remarkable and
+Interesting Objects connected therewith--large size (such as Old St.
+Paul's, Paul's Cross, Old London Bridge, &c.).
+
+A Copy of No. 1. (or early number) of "The Times" Newspaper.
+
+A Copy of one of the "Broadsheets" issued during the Plague.
+
+  Wanted by _Mr. Joseph Simpson_, Librarian, Literary and Scientific
+      Institution, Islington, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+_Owing to our being compelled to go to press this week ready for
+publication on Thursday, and to the great mass of_ REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES
+_waiting for insertion, we have been compelled to omit our usual_ NOTES ON
+BOOKS, &c.
+
+QUÆSTOR, _who calls our attention to the catalogue in which certain_ Hollar
+_and_ Eyre _drawings are inserted, attached to the_ Gentleman's Magazine,
+_is thanked. We were, however, already aware of it. The subject is too
+important to be lost sight of._
+
+A. Z. _is thanked. We should of course be glad if_ "N. & Q." _could be
+purchased at all Railway Stations, but have no means of securing it. If
+frequently asked for, we have no doubt that the supply will follow the
+demand._
+
+MONTROSE'S _reply has been anticipated. Thanks._
+
+A QUERIST. _We wish our Correspondents would take the trouble of just
+referring to our volumes before forwarding Queries upon well-known
+subjects. We have repeatedly answered similar inquiries, and again only in
+our last Number, by referring, for the history and illustration of_ "God
+tempers the wind to the shorn lamb," _to our_ First Volume.
+
+H. MARTIN. _Mr. Keble's edition of Hooker is more carefully edited than
+Hanbury's._
+
+ABHBA. _The reference must certainly be to Richard Sterne, Archbishop of
+York, one of the supposed authors of the_ Whole Duty of Man: _see our_
+Sixth Volume, p. 537.
+
+A. P. HAYES. _We suspect the following is the title of the work
+required:--"Pedestrianism; or, an Account of the Performances of celebrated
+Pedestrians during the last and present Century: with a full Narrative of
+Captain Barclay's public and private Matches: and an Essay on Training. By
+Walter Thom. Aberdeen, 1813. 8vo."_
+
+NEISON ON RAILWAY ACCIDENTS. _A Correspondent wishes to know where this
+pamphlet may be seen, and whether it is on sale._
+
+W. S. _For the etymology of lampoon, see Todd's_ Johnson, _and
+Richardson's_ Dictionary. _Bailey derives it from_ Lampons, _a drunken
+song. It imports_ Let us drink, _from the old French_ lamper, _and was
+repeated at the end of each couplet at carousals_.
+
+W. A. W. (Brighton). _The specked appearance is entirely owing to your
+having the wrong paper for your negatives. When Turner's paper is really
+good it is invaluable, but the specks so abundant in it are a great
+drawback._
+
+H. H. (Glasgow). _We think a practical lesson from some _experienced_ hand
+would put you right in all your little failures. It is evident from your
+perseverance that great success will ultimately attend you. It is very
+difficult to describe all the minutiæ by correspondence._
+
+A SUBSCRIBER (Atherstone). _1. We think your failures appear to arise from
+defective iodized paper. If the least portion of iodide of potash remains,
+the browning will take place; or the acetic acid may not be pure: add a
+little more. 2. If the least portion of hypo. contaminates your silver
+solutions, they are useless; to reduce it to its metallic state again is
+the only remedy. 3. The views taken_ instantaneously _are with collodion.
+It may be applied equally well upon paper as glass; and the advantage of
+paper negatives is very great over glass_.
+
+PHOTOGRAPHY.--_We hope next week to lay before our readers the particulars
+of a new process, combining all the advantages of the_ waxed-paper, _but
+without its difficulties and uncertainties_.
+
+OUR EIGHTH VOLUME _is now bound and ready for delivery, price 10s. 6d.,
+cloth, boards. A few sets of the whole Eight Volumes are being made up,
+price 4l. 4s.--For these early application is desirable._
+
+"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country
+Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to
+their Subscribers on the Saturday_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{363}
+
+RECENT PUBLICATIONS OF THE CAMBRIDGE ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY.
+
+QUARTO SERIES.
+
+Evangelia Angustini Gregoriana. By the REV. J. GOODWIN, B.D. 20s.
+
+An Historical Inquiry touching St. Catherine of Alexandria, illustrated by
+a Semi-Saxon Legend. By the REV. C. HARDWICK, M.A. 12s.
+
+OCTAVO SERIES.
+
+I. Anglo-Saxon Legends of St. Andrew and St. Veronica. By C. W. GOODWIN,
+M.A. 2_s_ 6d.
+
+II. Græco-Egyptian Fragment on Magic. By C. W. GOODWIN, M.A. 3s. 6d.
+
+III. Ancient Cambridgeshire. By C. C. BABINGTON, M.A. 3s. 6d.
+
+Reports and Communications, Nos. I. and II. 1s. each.
+
+Index to Baker Manuscripts. 7s. 6d.
+
+J. DEIGHTON; MACMILLAN & CO., Cambridge.
+
+John W. PARKER & SON, and GEORGE BELL, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+At all the Libraries, 2 vols. post 8vo., 18s.,
+
+LIFE OF JEROME CARDAN, of Milan, Physician. By HENRY MORLEY.
+
+    "The author has studied Cardan with an eye of philosophical interest
+    and curiosity--he has treated him picturesquely, and at times almost
+    playfully.... We can hardly say that Mr. Morley is too speculative for
+    a biographer, and we cannot sufficiently commend his care in collection
+    and his skill in accumulation."--_Athenæum._
+
+Also, by the same Author,
+
+2 vols. post 8vo., cloth, 18s.
+
+THE LIFE OF BERNARD PALISSY, of SAINTES; his Labours and Discoveries in Art
+and Science; with an Outline of his Philosophical Doctrines, and
+Illustrative Selections from his Works.
+
+One vol. 8vo., 10s. 6d.
+
+A VISIT to PORTUGAL and MADEIRA. By the LADY EMMELINE STUART WORTLEY.
+
+London: CHAPMAN & HALL,
+193. Piccadilly.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+AS SECRETARY OR AMANUENSIS.
+
+A GENTLEMAN who is fully conversant with the French, German, and Italian
+Languages, is desirous of obtaining some PERMANENT EMPLOYMENT. He can give
+satisfactory references as to Competency and Respectability of Family and
+Connexions.
+
+Address, F. G. H., care of MR. NEWMAN, Publisher, 9. Devonshire Street,
+Bishopsgate Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CLASSICAL MUSICAL LIBRARY.--Subscribers are liberally supplied, on loan,
+with every description of New Vocal and Instrumental Music, and have also
+at their disposal upwards of 3,000 volumes, including the Standard Operas,
+Italian, German, French, and English Songs, and all kinds of Instrumental
+Music. During the Term of Subscription, each Subscriber has the privilege
+of selecting--for his own property--from 100,000 different pieces, 3
+Guineas' worth of Music. Prospectuses forwarded Free on application.
+
+JULLIEN & CO., 214. Regent Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Now ready, price 25s., Second Edition, revised and corrected. Dedicated by
+Special Permission to
+
+THE (LATE) ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY.
+
+PSALMS AND HYMNS FOR THE SERVICE OF THE CHURCH. The words selected by the
+Very Rev. H. H. MILMAN, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's. The Music arranged for
+Four Voices, but applicable also to Two or One, including Chants for the
+Services, Responses to the Commandments, and a Concise SYSTEM OF CHANTING,
+by J. B. SALE, Musical Instructor and Organist to Her Majesty. 4to., neat,
+in morocco cloth, price 25s. To be had of Mr. J. B. SALE, 21. Holywell
+Street, Millbank, Westminster, on the receipt of a Post-office Order for
+that amount: and, by order, of the principal Booksellers and Music
+Warehouses.
+
+    "A great advance on the works we have hitherto had, connected with our
+    Church and Cathedral Service."--_Times._
+
+    "A collection of Psalm Tunes certainly unequalled in this
+    country."--_Literary Gazette._
+
+    "One of the best collections of tunes which we have yet seen. Well
+    merits the distinguished patronage under which it appears."--_Musical
+    World._
+
+    "A collection of Psalms and Hymns, together with a system of Chanting
+    of a very superior character to any which has hitherto
+    appeared."--_John Bull._
+
+London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+Also, lately published,
+
+J. B. SALE'S SANCTUS, COMMANDMENTS and CHANTS as performed at the Chapel
+Royal St. James, price 2s.
+
+C. LONSDALE, 26. Old Bond Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SURPLICES.
+
+GILBERT J. FRENCH, Bolton, Lancashire, has prepared his usual large Supply
+of SURPLICES, in Anticipation of EASTER.
+
+PARCELS delivered FREE at Railway Stations.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.
+
+OTTEWILL AND MORGAN'S Manufactory, 24. & 25. Charlotte Terrace, Caledonian
+Road, Islington.
+
+OTTEWILL'S Registered Double Body Folding Camera, adapted for Landscapes or
+Portraits, may be had of A. ROSS, Featherstone Buildings, Holborn; the
+Photographic Institution, Bond Street; and at the Manufactory as above,
+where every description of Cameras, Slides, and Tripods may be had. The
+Trade supplied.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ONE THOUSAND BEDSTEADS TO CHOOSE FROM.--HEAL & SON'S Stock comprises a
+large Assortment of handsomely Japanned and Brass-mounted IRON BEDSTEADS,
+CHILDREN'S CRIBS and COTS of new and elegant designs: MAHOGANY, BIRCH, and
+WALNUT-TREE BEDSTEADS, of the soundest and best Manufacture, many of them
+fitted with Furnitures, complete; and every variety of SERVANTS' and
+PORTABLE BEDSTEADS. They have also a large Assortment of
+
+BED-ROOM FURNITURE, comprising WARDROBES, both in Japanned Wood and
+Mahogany, from 4 ft. to 8 ft. long, fitted with every variety of
+arrangement; DRESSING TABLES and GLASSES, WASHSTANDS, DRAWERS, and every
+Article for the complete furnishing of a Bed-room.
+
+HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BED-STEADS and priced List of
+Bedding, containing designs and prices of upwards of One Hundred Bedsteads
+(representing a Stock of upwards of One Thousand), sent Free by Post.
+
+HEAL & SON, 196. Tottenham Court Road.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.
+
+THE EXHIBITION OF PHOTOGRAPHS, by the most eminent English and Continental
+Artists, is OPEN DAILY from Ten till Five. Free Admission.
+
+                                            £  s. d.
+  A Portrait by Mr. Talbot's Patent
+    Process                                 1  1  0
+  Additional Copies (each)                  0  5  0
+  A Coloured Portrait, highly finished
+    (small size)                            3  3  0
+  A Coloured Portrait, highly finished
+    (larger size)                           5  5  0
+
+Miniatures, Oil Paintings, Water-Colour, and Chalk Drawings, Photographed
+and Coloured in imitation of the Originals. Views of Country Mansions,
+Churches, &c., taken at a short notice.
+
+Cameras, Lenses, and all the necessary Photographic Apparatus and
+Chemicals, are supplied, tested, and guaranteed.
+
+Gratuitous Instruction is given to Purchasers of Sets of Apparatus.
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,
+168. New Bond Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SMEE'S BINOCULAR PERSPECTIVE PHOTOGRAPHS.--A full account of the mode of
+taking these extraordinary Likenesses in "Smee on the Eye," just published,
+price 5s.
+
+HORNE, THORNTHWAITE & WOOD,
+123. Newgate Street, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous
+Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.
+
+Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest
+Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.
+
+Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this
+beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.--J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, have,
+by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal,
+they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any
+other hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and
+appreciation of half-tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed.
+
+Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of
+Photography. Instruction in the Art.
+
+THE COLLODION AND POSITIVE PAPER PROCESS. By J. B. HOCKIN. Price 1s., per
+Post, 1s. 2d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+COLLODION PORTRAITS AND VIEWS obtained with the greatest ease and certainty
+by using BLAND & LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton; certainty and
+uniformity of action over a lengthened period, combined with the most
+faithful rendering of the half-tones, constitute this a most valuable agent
+in the hands of the photographer.
+
+Albumenized paper, for printing from glass or paper negatives, giving a
+minuteness of detail unattained by any other method, 5s. per Quire.
+
+Waxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality. Instruction in the Processes.
+
+BLAND & LONG. Opticians and Photographical Instrument Makers, and Operative
+Chemists, 153. Fleet Street, London.
+
+  *** Catalogues sent on application.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE SIGHT preserved by the Use of SPECTACLES adapted to suit every variety
+of Vision by means of SMEE'S OPTOMETER, which effectually prevents Injury
+to the Eyes from the Selection of Improper Glasses, and is extensively
+employed by
+
+BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet Street, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{364}
+
+WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.
+
+3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
+
+Founded A.D. 1842.
+
+  _Directors._
+
+  H. E. Bicknell, Esq.          | T. Grissell, Esq.
+  T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P.  | J. Hunt, Esq.
+  G. H. Drew, Esq.              | J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.
+  W. Evans, Esq.                | E. Lucas, Esq.
+  W. Freeman, Esq.              | J. Lys Seager, Esq.
+  F. Fuller, Esq.               | J. B. White, Esq.
+  J. H. Goodhart, Esq.          | J. Carter Wood, Esq.
+
+  _Trustees._--W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell,
+      Esq.
+  _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.
+  _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.
+
+VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.
+
+POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary
+difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to
+suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in
+the Prospectus.
+
+Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in
+three-fourths of the Profits:--
+
+  Age       £   s.  d. | Age       £   s.  d.
+   17       1  14   4  |  32       2  10   8
+   22       1  18   8  |  37       2  18   6
+   27       2   4   5  |  42       3   8   2
+
+ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.
+
+Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions,
+INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING
+SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in
+the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a
+Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR
+SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3.
+Parliament Street, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas each.--D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square
+(established A.D. 1785), sole manufacturers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25
+Guineas each. Every instrument warranted. The peculiar advantages of these
+pianofortes are best described in the following professional testimonial,
+signed by the majority of the leading musicians of the age:--"We, the
+undersigned members of the musical profession, having carefully examined
+the Royal Pianofortes manufactured by MESSRS. D'ALMAINE & CO., have great
+pleasure in bearing testimony to their merits and capabilities. It appears
+to us impossible to produce instruments of the same size possessing a
+richer and finer tone, more elastic touch, or more equal temperament, while
+the elegance of their construction renders them a handsome ornament for the
+library, boudoir, or drawing-room. (Signed) J. L. Abel, F. Benedict, H. R.
+Bishop, J. Blewitt, J. Brizzi, T. P. Chipp, P. Delavanti, C. H. Dolby,
+E. F. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen Glover, Henri Herz, E. Harrison, H. F.
+Hassé, J. L. Hatton, Catherine Hayes, W. H. Holmes, W. Kuhe, G. F.
+Kiallmark, E. Land, G. Lanza, Alexander Lee, A. Leffler, E. J. Loder, W. H.
+Montgomery, S. Nelson, G. A. Osborne, John Parry, H. Panofka, Henry
+Phillips, F. Praegar, E. F. Rimbault, Frank Romer, G. H. Rodwell, E.
+Rockel, Sims Reeves, J. Templeton, F. Weber, H. Westrop, T. H. Wright," &c.
+
+D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square. Lists and Designs Gratis.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CHUBB'S LOCKS, with all the recent improvements. Strong fire-proof safes,
+cash and deed boxes. Complete lists of sizes and prices may be had on
+application.
+
+CHUBB & SON, 57. St. Paul's Churchyard, London; 28. Lord Street, Liverpool;
+16. Market Street, Manchester; and Horseley Fields, Wolverhampton.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+IMPERIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY.
+
+1. OLD BROAD STREET, LONDON.
+
+Instituted 1820.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SAMUEL HIBBERT, ESQ., _Chairman_.
+
+WILLIAM R. ROBINSON, ESQ., _Deputy-Chairman_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The SCALE OF PREMIUMS adopted by this Office will be found of a very
+moderate character, but at the same time quite adequate to the risk
+incurred.
+
+FOUR-FIFTHS, or 80 per cent. of the Profits, are assigned to Policies
+_every fifth year_, and may be applied to increase the sum insured, to an
+immediate payment in cash, or to the reduction and ultimate extinction of
+future Premiums.
+
+ONE-THIRD of the Premium on Insurances of 500l. and upwards, for the whole
+term of life, may remain as a debt upon the Policy, to be paid off at
+convenience; or the Directors will lend sums of 50l. and upwards, on the
+security of Policies effected with this Company for the whole term of life,
+when they have acquired an adequate value.
+
+SECURITY.--Those who effect Insurances with this Company are protected by
+its Subscribed Capital of 750,000l., of which nearly 140,000l. is invested,
+from the risk incurred by Members of Mutual Societies.
+
+The satisfactory financial condition of the Company, exclusive of the
+Subscribed and Invested Capital, will be seen by the following Statement:
+
+  On the 31st October, 1853, the sums
+  Assured, including Bonus added,
+  amounted to                          £2,500,000
+
+  The Premium Fund to more than           800,000
+
+  And the Annual Income from the
+  same source, to                         109,000
+
+Insurances, without participation in Profits, may be effected at reduced
+rates.
+
+  SAMUEL INGALL, Actuary.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ALLSOPP'S PALE or BITTER ALE. MESSRS. S. ALLSOPP & SONS beg to inform the
+TRADE that they are now registering Orders for the March Brewings of their
+PALE ALE in Casks of 18 Gallons and upwards, at the BREWERY,
+Burton-on-Trent; and at the under-mentioned Branch Establishments:
+
+  LONDON, at 61. King William Street, City.
+  LIVERPOOL, at Cook Street.
+  MANCHESTER, at Ducie Place.
+  DUDLEY, at the Burnt Tree.
+  GLASGOW, at 115. St. Vincent Street.
+  DUBLIN, at 1. Crampton Quay.
+  BIRMINGHAM, at Market Hall.
+  SOUTH WALES, at 13. King Street, Bristol.
+
+MESSRS. ALLSOPP & SONS take the opportunity of announcing to PRIVATE
+FAMILIES that their ALES, so strongly recommended by the Medical
+Profession, may be procured in DRAUGHT and BOTTLES GENUINE from all the
+most RESPECTABLE LICENSED VICTUALLERS, on "ALLSOPP'S PALE ALE" being
+specially asked for.
+
+When in bottle, the genuineness of the label can be ascertained by its
+having "ALLSOPP & SONS" written across it.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the possession of
+Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his Inquiries are
+greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen engaged in
+Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to undertake searches
+among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient Wills, or
+other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch of Literature,
+History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which he has had
+considerable experience.
+
+1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, HATCHAM, SURREY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Patronised by the Royal Family.
+
+TWO THOUSAND POUNDS for any person producing Articles superior to the
+following:
+
+THE HAIR RESTORED AND GREYNESS PREVENTED.
+
+BEETHAM'S CAPILLARY FLUID is acknowledged to be the most effectual article
+for Restoring the Hair in Baldness, strengthening when weak and fine,
+effectually preventing falling or turning grey, and for restoring its
+natural colour without the use of dye. The rich glossy appearance it
+imparts is the admiration of every person. Thousands have experienced its
+astonishing efficacy. Bottles, 2s. 6d.; double, 4s. 6d.; 7s. 6d. equal to 4
+small; 11s. to 6 small; 21s. to 13 small. The most perfect beautifier ever
+invented.
+
+SUPERFLUOUS HAIR REMOVED.
+
+BEETHAM'S VEGETABLE EXTRACT does not cause pain or injury to the skin. Its
+effect is unerring, and it is now patronised by royalty and hundreds of the
+first families. Bottles, 5s.
+
+BEETHAM'S PLASTER is the only effectual remover of Corns and Bunions. It
+also reduces enlarged Great Toe Joints in an astonishing manner. If space
+allowed, the testimony of upwards of twelve thousand individuals, during
+the last five years, might be inserted. Packets, 1s.; Boxes, 2s. 6d. Sent
+Free by BEETHAM, Chemist, Cheltenham, for 14 or 36 Post Stamps.
+
+    Sold by PRING, 30. Westmorland Street; JACKSON, 9. Westland Row; BEWLEY
+    & EVANS, Dublin; GOULDING, 108. Patrick Street, Cork; BARRY, 9. Main
+    Street, Kinsale; GRATTAN, Belfast; MURDOCK, BROTHERS, Glasgow; DUNCAN &
+    FLOCKHART, Edinburgh. SANGER, 150. Oxford Street; PROUT, 229. Strand;
+    KEATING, St. Paul's Churchyard; SAVORY & MOORE, Bond Street; HANNAY,
+    63. Oxford Street; London. All Chemists and Perfumers will procure
+    them.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description of
+upwards of 100 articles, consisting of PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS,
+Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and
+other travelling requisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by Post on
+receipt of Two Stamps.
+
+MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their
+Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new
+Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best articles
+of the kind ever produced.
+
+J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class X.,
+in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates,
+may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made
+Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
+guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas.
+Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
+Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket
+Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully
+examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and
+4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.
+
+BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the
+Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,
+
+65. CHEAPSIDE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish
+of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St.
+Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186.
+Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of
+London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, April 15.
+1854.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Corrections made to printed original.
+
+page 358, "I find that, by treating box sawdust": 'It find that' in
+original.
+
+page 361, "unimagined system of criticism": 'sytem' in original.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 233, April
+15, 1854, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+***** This file should be named 30644-8.txt or 30644-8.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        http://www.gutenberg.org/3/0/6/4/30644/
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+http://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need, are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+http://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at http://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit http://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations.
+To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     http://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
diff --git a/30644-8.zip b/30644-8.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8b526d1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30644-8.zip
diff --git a/30644-h.zip b/30644-h.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd3ef9f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30644-h.zip
diff --git a/30644-h/30644-h.htm b/30644-h/30644-h.htm
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..66204fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30644-h/30644-h.htm
@@ -0,0 +1,4794 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd">
+<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en">
+  <head>
+    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
+    <title>
+      Notes And Queries, Issue 233.
+    </title>
+
+    <style type="text/css">
+
+  body                    {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; text-align: justify;}
+  p.center                {text-align: center;}
+  blockquote              {text-align: justify;}
+  blockquote.b2n          {margin-left: 4em; margin-right: 4em; }
+  h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6       {text-align: center;}
+  /*pre                     {font-size: 0.7em;} */
+
+  hr                      {text-align: center; width: 50%;}
+  html>body hr            {margin-right: 25%; margin-left: 25%; width: 50%;}
+  hr.full                 {width: 100%;}
+  html>body hr.full       {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;}
+  hr.adverts              {width: 100%; height: 5px; color: black;}
+  html>body hr.adverts    {margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%; width: 100%;}
+
+  .note, .footnote        {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;
+                          font-size: 0.9em;}
+
+   table.nob              {border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 4em}
+   table.nobctr           {border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;}
+   table.allb             {border : 1px solid black; border-collapse: collapse; margin-left: 4em}
+   table.allbnomar        {border : 1px solid black; border-collapse: collapse;}
+   table.allbctr          {border : 1px solid black; border-collapse: collapse;
+	                   margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }
+   table.topbotbctr       {border-bottom : 1px solid black; border-top : 1px solid black; border-collapse: collapse;
+	                   margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }
+   table.nomar            {margin-left: 0em}
+   td.nob                 {padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em;}
+   td.nobpad              {padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 1ex;}
+   td.nspac               {padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em;}
+   td.nspcsingle          {padding-left: 0em; padding-right: 0em;}
+   td.spacsingle          {padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em;}
+   td.hspcsingle          {padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em;}
+   td.qspcsingle          {padding-left: 0.25em; padding-right: 0.25em;}
+   td.allb                {border : 1px solid black; padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em;}
+   td.allbsing            {border : 1px solid black; padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em;}
+   td.allbnspac           {border : 1px solid black;}
+   td.rightbsing          {border-right : 1px solid black; padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em;}
+   td.leftbsing           {border-left  : 1px solid black; padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em;}
+   td.rightbotbsing       {border-right : 1px solid black; border-bottom : 1px solid black; padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em;}
+   td.botbsing            {border-bottom : 1px solid black; padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em;}
+   td.rightb              {border-right : 1px solid black;
+				padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 1ex; }
+   td.leftb               {border-left : 1px solid black;
+				padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 1ex; }
+   td.vertb               {border-left : 1px solid black; border-right : 1px solid black;
+				padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 1ex; }
+   td.vertbotb            {border-left : 1px solid black; border-right : 1px solid black; border-bottom : 1px solid black;
+				padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em; }
+   td.topbotb             {border-bottom : 1px solid black; border-top : 1px solid black; padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em; }
+   td.topbotbsng          {border-bottom : 1px solid black; border-top : 1px solid black; padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em; }
+   td.botb                {border-bottom : 1px solid black; padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em; }
+   td.vertbsing		  {border-left : 1px solid black; border-right : 1px solid black; padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em; }
+   td.vertbotbsing	  {border-left : 1px solid black; border-right : 1px solid black; border-bottom : 1px solid black;
+				padding-left: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.5em; }
+  .rightbsing p           {margin: 0;}
+  .rightbotbsing p        {margin: 0;}
+  .botbsing p             {margin: 0;}
+  .single p               {margin: 0;}
+  .spacsingle p           {margin: 0;}
+  .hspcsingle p           {margin: 0;}
+  .qspcsingle p           {margin: 0;}
+  .nspcsingle p           {margin: 0;}
+  .vertbsing p            {margin: 0;}
+  .allbsing p             {margin: 0;}
+  .topbotbsng p           {margin: 0;}
+  .botbsing p             {margin: 0;}
+  .vertbotbsing p         {margin: 0;}
+
+  .contents               {margin-left:30%; margin-right:10%; margin-bottom: 1em; text-align: left;}
+  .contents .stanza       {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;}
+  .contents p             {margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;}
+  .rtlpoem                {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; text-align: right;}
+  .rtlpoem .stanza        {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;}
+  .rtlpoem p              {margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;}
+  .poem                   {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; text-align: left;}
+  .poem .stanza           {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;}
+  .poem p                 {margin: 0; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;}
+        p.hg3             {margin-left: -0.3em;}
+        p.hg1             {margin-left: -0.2em;}
+        p.i1              {margin-left: 1em;}
+        p.i1hg1           {margin-left: 0.8em;}
+        p.i1hg3           {margin-left: 0.7em;}
+        p.i2              {margin-left: 2em;}
+        p.i2hg1           {margin-left: 1.8em;}
+        p.i2hg3           {margin-left: 1.7em;}
+        p.i3              {margin-left: 3em;}
+        p.i3hg3           {margin-left: 2.7em;}
+        p.i4              {margin-left: 4em;}
+        p.i4hg1           {margin-left: 3.8em;}
+        p.i4hg3           {margin-left: 3.7em;}
+        p.i5              {margin-left: 5em;}
+        p.i6              {margin-left: 6em;}
+        p.i6hg3           {margin-left: 5.7em;}
+        p.i6hg1           {margin-left: 5.8em;}
+        p.i8              {margin-left: 8em;}
+        p.i8hg3           {margin-left: 7.7em;}
+        p.i9              {margin-left: 9em;}
+        p.i12             {margin-left: 12em;}
+        p.i12hg3          {margin-left: 11.7em;}
+        p.i12hg1          {margin-left: 11.8em;}
+        p.i10             {margin-left: 10em;}
+        p.i10hg3          {margin-left: 9.7em;}
+        p.i16             {margin-left: 16em;}
+        .unpoem           {position: absolute; left: 10.0%;}
+  .b1n  .unpoem           {position: absolute; left: 12.5%;}
+  .poem .caesura          {vertical-align: -200%;}
+  .figure, .figcenter, .figright, .figleft
+              {padding: 1em; margin: 0; text-align: center; font-size: 0.8em;}
+  .figure img, .figcenter img, .figright img, .figleft img
+              {border: none;}
+  .figcenter {margin: auto;}
+  .figright  {float: right;}
+  .figleft   {float: left;}
+
+  .linenum  {position: absolute; top: auto; left: 60%;} /* poetry number */
+
+  span.pagenum            {position: absolute; left: 1%; right: 91%; font-size: 8pt; font-style: normal;}
+  span.correction         {border-bottom: thin dotted red;}
+  span.special            {border-bottom: thin dotted green;}
+  span.over               {text-decoration: overline;}
+
+  .sc                     {font-variant: small-caps; }
+  .scac                   {font-size: small;}
+  .grk                    {font-style: normal; font-family:"Palatino Linotype","New Athena Unicode",Gentium,"Lucida Grande", Galilee, "Arial Unicode MS", sans-serif;}
+  .saxon                  {font-style: normal;
+				font-family:sans-serif;}
+
+  p.author                {text-align: right;  margin-top: -1em;}
+  p.address               {margin-top: -0.5em;}
+    .cenhead              {text-align: center;  margin-top: 1em;}
+  img.middle              { border: none; vertical-align: middle }
+    .x1       {position: relative;} /* shifting accents */
+    .x2       {position: absolute; left: -0.4em;}
+    .x3       {position: absolute; top: 1.75ex; left: -0.4em;}
+    .x4       {position: absolute; top: 1.65ex; left: -0.6em;}
+    .x5       {position: absolute; top: -0.5ex; left: -0.3em;}
+
+    </style>
+   </head>
+<body>
+
+
+<pre>
+
+Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 233, April 15, 1854, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 233, April 15, 1854
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+              Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: December 10, 2009 [EBook #30644]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+</pre>
+
+<table border="0" cellpadding="10" style="background-color: #ccccff;">
+<tr>
+<td style="width:25%; vertical-align:top">
+Transcriber's note:
+</td>
+<td>
+A few typographical errors have been corrected. They
+appear in the text <span class="correction" title="explanation will pop up">like this</span>, and the
+explanation will appear when the mouse pointer is moved over the marked
+passage.
+</td>
+</tr>
+</table>
+
+<p><!-- Page 341 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page341"></a>{341}</span></p>
+
+<h1>NOTES AND QUERIES:</h1>
+
+<h2>A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.</h2>
+
+<h3><b>"When found, make a note of."</b>&mdash;<span class="sc">Captain Cuttle</span>.</h3>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+
+<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="masthead" title="masthead">
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left; width:25%">
+      <p><b>No. 233.</b></p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:center; width:50%">
+      <p><b><span class="sc">Saturday, April 15. 1854</span></b></p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:25%">
+      <p><b>Price Fourpence<br />Stamped Edition 5<i>d.</i></b></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>CONTENTS.</h2>
+
+
+<table width="100%" class="nomar" summary="Contents" title="Contents">
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left; width:94%">
+      <p><span class="sc">Notes</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:5%">
+      <p>Page</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Palindrome Verses</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page343">343</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Children crying at their Birth</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page343">343</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Unpublished Letter of Lord Nelson, by E. G. Bass</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page344">344</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Folk Lore</span>:&mdash;Devonshire
+      Superstitions&mdash;Quacks&mdash;Burning a Tooth with Salt</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page344">344</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Parallel Passages, by H. L. Temple, Cuthbert Bede, &amp;c.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page345">345</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Minor Notes</span>:&mdash;Vallancey's Green
+      Book&mdash;Herrings&mdash;Byron and
+      Rochefoucauld&mdash;"Abscond"&mdash;Garlands, Broadsheets,
+      &amp;c.&mdash;Life-belts&mdash;Turkey and Russia&mdash;"Verbatim et
+      literatim"</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page347">347</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Queries</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Prints of London before the Great Fire</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page348">348</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Battle of Otterburn, by J. S. Warden</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page348">348</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>De Beauvoir Pedigree, by T. R. Potter</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page349">349</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries</span>:&mdash;Dog-whippers:
+      Frankincense&mdash;Atchievement in Yorkshire: Lipyeatt
+      Family&mdash;"Waestart"&mdash;Rebellion of 1715&mdash;"Athenian
+      Sport"&mdash;Gutta Percha made soluble&mdash;Arms of Anthony
+      Kitchen&mdash;Griesbach Arms&mdash;Postage System of the
+      Romans&mdash;Three Crowns and Sugar-loaf&mdash;Helen
+      MacGregor&mdash;Francis Grose the Antiquary&mdash;"King of Kings:"
+      Bishop Andrews' Sermons&mdash;Scroope Family&mdash;Harrison the
+      Regicide: Lowle&mdash;"Chair" or "Char"&mdash;Aches&mdash;Leeming
+      Hall&mdash;Caricature; a Canterbury Tale&mdash;Perpetual Curates not
+      represented in Convocation&mdash;Dr. Whichcote and Dorothy
+      Jordan&mdash;Moral Philosophy&mdash;Shelley's "Prometheus
+      Unbound"&mdash;Turkish Language</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page349">349</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Minor Queries with
+      Answers</span>:&mdash;Illustrated Bible of 1527&mdash;Heraldic
+      Query&mdash;Richard de Sancto Victorie&mdash;St. Blase</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page352">352</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Replies</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Leicester as Ranger of Snowdon</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page353">353</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Inman Family, by T. Hughes</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page353">353</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, by Dr. E. F. Rimbault</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page354">354</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Hardman's Account of Waterloo</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page355">355</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Churches in "Domesday Book," by Wm. Dobson</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page355">355</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Memoirs of Grammont, by W. H. Lammin</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page356">356</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Celtic and Latin Languages</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page356">356</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Photographic Correspondence</span>:&mdash;Box
+      Sawdust for Collodion&mdash;Proportions of Chlorides and
+      Silver&mdash;Photographic Copies of Rembrandt&mdash;Coloured
+      Photographs</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page358">358</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Replies to Minor Queries</span>:&mdash;Dr.
+      Eleazar Duncon&mdash;Christian Names&mdash;Abigail&mdash;"Begging the
+      question"&mdash;Russian Emperors&mdash;Garble&mdash;Electric
+      Telegraph&mdash;Butler's "Lives of the Saints"&mdash;Anticipatory Use
+      of the Cross&mdash;The Marquis of Granby, &amp;c.</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page359">359</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p><span class="sc">Miscellaneous</span>:&mdash;</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Books and Odd Volumes wanted</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page362">362</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Notices to Correspondents</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="nspcsingle" style="text-align:right">
+      <p><a href="#page362">362</a></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">Just Published, with ten coloured Engravings,
+price 5<i>s.</i>,</p>
+
+  <p>NOTES ON AQUATIC MICROSCOPIC SUBJECTS OF NATURAL HISTORY, selected
+  from the "Microscopic Cabinet." By ANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">Also, in 8vo., pp. 720. plates 24, price 21<i>s.</i>, or
+coloured, 36<i>s.</i>,</p>
+
+  <p>A HISTORY OF INFUSORIAL ANIMALCULES, Living and Fossil, containing
+  Descriptions of every species, British and Foreign, the methods of
+  procuring and viewing them, &amp;c., illustrated by numerous Engravings.
+  By ANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"There is no work extant in which so much valuable information
+  concerning Infusoria (Animalcules) can be found, and every Microscopist
+  should add it to his library."&mdash;<i>Silliman's Journal.</i></p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<p class="cenhead">London: WHITTAKER &amp; CO., Ave Maria
+Lane.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">Just published, 18 mo., <i>1s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>SERMONS FOR WAYFARERS. Dedicated by permission to the Lord Bishop of
+  Ripon, with a prefatory Epistle to the Rev. Dr. Hook. By the REV. A.
+  GATTY.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>ARCHÆOLOGY OF THE STREETS OF DUBLIN, and CELTIC RECORDS OF IRELAND,
+  ETC.</p>
+
+  <p>For the Series of Papers illustrating the above, see Vols. I. II. and
+  III. of the "Irish Quarterly Review." Price, bound, 11<i>s.</i> each.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">London: SIMPKIN &amp; CO.<br />
+Dublin: W. B. KELLY.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>CATALOGUE OF VERY RARE BOOKS.&mdash;EMANUEL MAI, Bookseller of Berlin,
+  has just published a Catalogue of PRECIOUS MANUSCRIPTS, INCUNABULA, and
+  very rare Books on Theology, Philosophy, Antiquities, Philology,
+  Education, the Fine Arts, Bibliography, Numismatics, Engravings, and
+  General Literature. The Catalogue contains 17,708 Numbers, or 80,000
+  Volumes, and is systematically arranged with Bibliographical Notices. The
+  Catalogue will be forwarded, Post paid, to those who will forward
+  2<i>s.</i> in Postage Stamps to MR. FRANZ THIMM, Foreign Bookseller, 3.
+  Brook Street, New Bond Street, London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">Post Free.</p>
+
+  <p>THE CATTLE UPON A THOUSAND HILLS. A List of GREAT OLD ENGLISH BOOKS
+  for Sale, by</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">JOHN TUPLING, 320. Strand.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>CHEAP BOOKS.&mdash;C. HILL'S CATALOGUE, No. 13., just published,
+  including a long Article on NAPOLEON. Sent Free on Application.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">14. KING STREET, HOLBORN.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXXXVIII., is published THIS DAY.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i6"><span class="sc">Contents:</span></p>
+      <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;I. LAURENCE STERNE.</p>
+      <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;II. SACRED GEOGRAPHY.</p>
+      <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;III. LORD HOLLAND'S MEMOIRS OF THE WHIG PARTY.</p>
+      <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;IV. THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE.</p>
+      <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;V. THE CRIMINAL LAW DIGEST.</p>
+      <p>&nbsp;&nbsp;VI. WAAGEN'S TREASURES OF ART IN BRITAIN.</p>
+      <p>&nbsp;VII. THE TURKS AND THE GREEKS.</p>
+      <p>VIII. THE NEW REFORM BILL.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+<p class="cenhead">JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">Now ready, No. VI., 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, published
+Quarterly.</p>
+
+  <p>RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW (New Series); consisting of Criticisms upon,
+  Analyses of, and Extracts from, Curious, Useful, Valuable, and Scarce Old
+  Books.</p>
+
+  <p>Vol. I., 8vo., pp. 436. cloth 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, is also
+  ready.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square,
+London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">Price One Shilling,</p>
+
+  <p>THE NATIONAL MISCELLANY FOR APRIL contains:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>1. The New Civil Service Scheme.</p>
+      <p>2. The Flaw in the Column.</p>
+      <p>3. The Labour Parliament.</p>
+      <p>4. An Avalanche on the Great St. Bernard.</p>
+      <p>5. Mediæval London.</p>
+      <p>6. Saturday Night.</p>
+      <p>7. The Weekly Periodicals.</p>
+      <p>8. Sea Life and Sea Literature.</p>
+      <p>9. Notices.</p>
+      <p>10. Poetry.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+<p class="cenhead">At the OFFICE, No. 1. Exeter Street, Strand,
+London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">Forwarded Free on receipt of 30 Postage
+Stamps.</p>
+
+  <p>ARCHITECTURAL BOTANY; setting forth the Geometrical Distribution of
+  Foliage, Flowers, Fruit. &amp;c., with 20 Original Designs for decorating
+  Cornices, Spandrils, Crosses, Corbels, Capitals, Bosses, Panels, &amp;c.
+  By W.&nbsp;P. GRIFFITH, F.S.A., F.R.I.B.A.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">*** Part II. nearly ready.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">London: 9. St. John's Square.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">On April 30th will be published, in fcp. 8vo.,
+boards, price 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>ADVENTURES OF A BASHFUL IRISHMAN. By W.&nbsp;F. DEACON, Author of
+  "Annette," "Vincent Eden," &amp;c.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>*** The late Judge Talfourd, in his Memoir of Mr. Deacon, calls this
+  humorous Tale "A pleasant history of an Irish Gil Blas, containing
+  satirical notices of prominent Irish Patriots, and a description of an
+  Irish Trial, in which there is a vivid and extremely amusing caricature
+  of O'Connell."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<p class="cenhead">London: DAVID BRYCE, 48. Paternoster
+Row.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p><!-- Page 342 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page342"></a>{342}</span></p>
+
+<h3>ARCHÆOLOGICAL WORKS
+BY
+JOHN YONGE AKERMAN,</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">FELLOW AND SECRETARY OF THE
+SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF LONDON.</p>
+
+  <p>AN ARCHÆOLOGICAL INDEX to Remains of Antiquity of the Celtic,
+  Romano-British, and Anglo-Saxon Periods. 1 vol. 8vo., price 15<i>s.</i>
+  cloth, illustrated by numerous Engravings, comprising upwards of five
+  hundred objects.</p>
+
+  <p>A NUMISMATIC MANUAL. 1 vol. 8vo., price One Guinea.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>*** The Plates which illustrate this Volume are upon a novel plan, and
+  will, at a glance, convey more information regarding the types of Greek,
+  Roman, and English Coins, than can be obtained by many hours' careful
+  reading. Instead of a fac-simile Engraving being given of that which is
+  already an enigma to the tyro, the most striking and characteristic
+  features of the Coin are dissected and placed by themselves, so that the
+  eye soon becomes familiar with them.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of Rare and Unedited Roman Coins, from the
+  Earliest Period to the taking of Rome under Constantine Paleologos. 2
+  vols. 8vo., numerous Plates, 30<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>COINS OF THE ROMANS relating to Britain, 1 vol. 8vo. Second Edition,
+  with an entirely new set of Plates, price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>ANCIENT COINS of CITIES and Princes, Geographically arranged and
+  described, containing the Coins of Hispania, Gallia, and Britannia, with
+  Plates of several hundred examples. 1 vol. 8vo., price 18<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>NEW TESTAMENT, Numismatic Illustrations of the Narrative Portions of
+  the.&mdash;Fine paper, numerous Woodcuts from the original Coins in
+  various Public and Private Collections. 1 vol. 8vo., price 5<i>s.</i>
+  6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY of ANCIENT and MODERN COINS. In 1 vol.
+  fcp. 8vo., with numerous Wood Engravings from the original Coins, price
+  6<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> cloth.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Contents</span>:&mdash;Section 1. Origin of
+  Coinage&mdash;Greek Regal Coins. 2. Greek Civic Coins. 3. Greek Imperial
+  Coins. 4. Origin of Roman Coinage&mdash;Consular Coins. 5. Roman Imperial
+  Coins. 6. Roman British Coins. 7. Ancient British Coinage. 8. Anglo-Saxon
+  Coinage. 9. English Coinage from the Conquest. 10. Scotch Coinage. 11.
+  Coinage of Ireland. 12. Anglo-Gallic Coins. 13. Continental Money in the
+  Middle Ages. 14. Various Representatives of Coinage. 15. Forgeries in
+  Ancient and Modern Times. 16. Table of Prices of English Coins realised
+  at Public Sales.</p>
+
+  <p>TRADESMEN'S TOKENS, struck in London and its Vicinity, from the year
+  1648 to 1672 inclusive. Described from the Originals in the Collection of
+  the British Museum, &amp;c. 15<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>REMAINS OF PAGAN SAXONDOM, principally from Tumuli in England.
+  Publishing in 4to., in Numbers, at 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> With coloured
+  Plates.</p>
+
+  <p>A GLOSSARY OF PROVINCIAL WORDS and PHRASES in Use in Wiltshire. 12mo.,
+  3<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>THE NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE is published Quarterly. Price 3<i>s.</i>
+  6<i>d.</i> each Number.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square,
+London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h3>THE
+TOPOGRAPHER &amp; GENEALOGIST,</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">EDITED BY
+JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS, F.S.A.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><i>The XIIIth Part of this Work is now published,
+price</i> 3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, <i>containing</i>:</p>
+
+  <p>Some Account of the Manor of Apuldrefield, in the Parish of Cudham,
+  Kent, by G. Steinman Steinman, Esq., F.S.A.</p>
+
+  <p>Petition to Parliament from the Borough of Wotton Basset, in the reign
+  of Charles I., relative to the right of the Burgesses to Free Common of
+  Pasture in Fasterne Great Park.</p>
+
+  <p>Memoranda in Heraldry, from the MS. Pocket-books of Peter Le Neve,
+  Norroy King of Arms.</p>
+
+  <p>Was William of Wykeham of the Family of Swalcliffe? By Charles Wykeham
+  Martin, Esq., M.P., F.S.A.</p>
+
+  <p>Account of Sir Toby Caulfield rendered to the Irish Exchequer,
+  relative to the Chattel Property of the Earl of Tyrone and other
+  fugitives from Ulster in the year 1616, communicated by James F.
+  Ferguson, Esq., of the Exchequer Record Office, Dublin.</p>
+
+  <p>Indenture enumerating various Lands in Cirencester, 4 Hen. VII.
+  (1489).</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p>Two Volumes of this Work are now completed, which are published in
+  cloth boards, price Two Guineas, or in Twelve Parts, price 3<i>s.</i>
+  6<i>d.</i> each. Among its more important articles are&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>Descent of the Earldom of Lincoln, with Introductory   Observations on
+  the Ancient   Earldoms of England, by the Editor.</p>
+
+  <p>On the Connection of Arderne, or Arden, of   Cheshire, with the Ardens
+  of Warwickshire.   By George Ormerod, Esq., D.C.L., F.S.A.</p>
+
+  <p>Genealogical Declaration respecting the Family   of Norres, written by
+  Sir William Norres, of   Speke, co. Lanc. in 1563; followed by an
+  abstract   of charters, &amp;c.</p>
+
+  <p>The Domestic Chronicle of Thomas Godfrey,   Esq., of Winchelsea,
+  &amp;c., M.P., the father of   Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey, finished in
+  1655.</p>
+
+  <p>Honywood Evidences, compiled previously to  1620, edited by B.&nbsp;W.
+  Greenfield, Esq.</p>
+
+  <p>The Descendants of Mary Honywood at her   death in 1620.</p>
+
+  <p>Marriage Settlements of the Honywoods.</p>
+
+  <p>Pedigrees of the families of Arden or Arderne,   Arundell of Aynho,
+  Babington, Barry, Bayley,   Bowet, Browne, Burton of Coventry,   Clarke,
+  Clerke, Clinton, Close, Dabridgecourt,   Dakyns or Dakeynes, D'Oyly,
+  Drew,   FitzAlan, Fitzherbert, Franceis, Fremingham,   Gyll, Hammond,
+  Harlakenden, Heneage,   Hirst, Honywood, Hodilow, Holman,   Horde,
+  Hustler, Isley, Kirby, Kynnersley,   Marche, Marston, Meynell, Norres,
+  Peirse,   Pimpe, Plomer, Polhill or Polley, Pycheford,   Pitchford, Pole
+  or De la Pole, Preston, Viscount   Tarah, Thexton, Tregose, Turner of
+  Kirkleatham, Ufford, Walerand, Walton, and   Yate.</p>
+
+  <p>The Genealogies of more than ninety families   of Stockton-upon-Tees,
+  by Wm. D'Oyly   Bayley, Esq., F.S.A.</p>
+
+  <p>Sepulchral Memorials of the English at Bruges   and Caen.</p>
+
+  <p>Many original Charters, several Wills, and   Funeral Certificates.</p>
+
+  <p>Survey, temp. Philip and Mary, of the Manors   of Crosthole, Landren,
+  Landulph, Lightdurrant,   Porpehan and Tynton, in Cornwall;   Aylesbeare
+  and Whytford, co. Devon; Ewerne   Courtenay, co. Dorset; Mudford and
+  Hinton,   West Coker, and Stoke Courcy, co. Somerset;   Rolleston, co.
+  Stafford; and Corton, co.   Wilts.</p>
+
+  <p>Survey of the Marshes of the Medway, temp.   Henry VIII.</p>
+
+  <p>A Description of Cleveland, addressed to Sir   Thomas Chaloner, temp.
+  James I.</p>
+
+  <p>A Catalogue of the Monumental Brasses, ancient   Monuments, and
+  Painted Glass existing   in the Churches of Bedfordshire, with all
+  Names and Dates.</p>
+
+  <p>Catalogue of Sepulchral Monuments in Suffolk,   throughout the
+  hundreds of Babergh,   Blackbourn, Blything, Bosmere and Claydon,
+  Carlford, Colnies, Cosford, Hartismere,   Hoxne, Town of Ipswich,
+  Hundreds of Lackford   and Loes. By the late D.&nbsp;E. Davy, Esq.,   of
+  Ufford.</p>
+
+  <p>Published by J. B. NICHOLS &amp; SONS, 25.   Parliament Street,
+  Westminster; where may   be obtained, on application, a fuller abstract
+  of the contents of these volumes, and also of   the "Collectanea
+  Topographica et Genealogica,"   now complete in Eight Volumes.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h3>WORKS
+BY THE
+REV. DR. MAITLAND.</h3>
+
+  <p>THE DARK AGES; being a Series of ESSAYS intended to illustrate the
+  State of RELIGION and LITERATURE in the 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th
+  Centuries. Reprinted from the "British Magazine," with Corrections, and
+  some Additions; uniformly with the present Volume. Third Edition.
+  10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>ESSAYS on Subjects connected with the REFORMATION IN ENGLAND.
+  Reprinted, with Additions, from the "British Magazine." 13<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>ERUVIN; or MISCELLANEOUS ESSAYS on Subjects connected with the NATURE,
+  HISTORY, and DESTINY of MAN. Second Edition. In small 8vo. 5<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>EIGHT ESSAYS on various Subjects. In small 8vo. 4<i>s.</i>
+  6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>A LETTER to the REV. DR. MILL, containing some STRICTURES on MR.
+  FABER'S recent Work, entitled "The Ancient Vallenses and Albigenses."
+  8vo. 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>THE VOLUNTARY SYSTEM. New Edition. Small 8vo. 5<i>s.</i>
+  6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>NOTES on the CONTRIBUTIONS of the REV. GEORGE TOWNSEND, M.A., Canon of
+  Durham, to the New Edition of FOX'S MARTYROLOGY. In Three Parts: 1. On
+  the Memoir of Fox, ascribed to his Son. 2. Puritan Thaumaturgy. 3.
+  Historical Authority of Fox. 8vo. 8<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>REMARKS on the REV. S. R. CATTLEY'S DEFENCE of his Edition of FOX'S
+  MARTYROLOGY. 8vo. 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>TWELVE LETTERS ON FOX'S ACTS and MONUMENTS. Reprinted from the
+  "British Magazine." 8vo. 6<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>A REVIEW of FOX'S HISTORY of the WALDENSES. 8vo. 1<i>s.</i>
+  6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>A LETTER to the REV. HUGH JAMES ROSE, B.D., Chaplain to His Grace the
+  Archbishop of Canterbury; with STRICTURES on MILNER'S CHURCH HISTORY.
+  8vo. 1<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>A SECOND LETTER to the REV. HUGH JAMES ROSE, B.D.; containing NOTES on
+  MILNER'S HISTORY of the CHURCH in the FOURTH CENTURY. 8vo. 2<i>s.</i>
+  6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>A LETTER to the REV. JOHN KING, M.A., Incumbent of Christ's Church,
+  Hull; occasioned by his PAMPHLET, entitled "Maitland not authorised to
+  censure Milner." 8vo. 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>REMARKS on that Part of the REV. J. KING'S PAMPHLET, entitled
+  "Maitland not authorised to censure Milner," which relates to the
+  WALDENSES, including a Reply to the REV. G.&nbsp;S. FABER'S SUPPLEMENT,
+  entitled "Reinerius and Maitland." 8vo. 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>An INDEX of such ENGLISH BOOKS printed before the year MDC. as are now
+  in the Archiepiscopal Library at Lambeth. 8vo. 4<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">RIVINGTONS, Waterloo Place, Pall Mall.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p><!-- Page 343 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page343"></a>{343}</span></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><i>LONDON, SATURDAY, APRIL</i> 15, 1854.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h2>Notes.</h2>
+
+<h3>PALINDROME VERSES.</h3>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">B&oelig;oticus</span> inquires (Vol. vi., p 209.)
+  whence comes the line&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Roma tibi subito motibus ibit amor."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>In p.&nbsp;352. of the same volume W. W. T. (quoting from D'Israeli's
+  <i>Curiosities of Literature</i> a passage which supplies the hexameter
+  completing the distich, and attributes the verses to Sidonius
+  Apollinaris) asks where may be found a legend which represents the two
+  lines to have formed part of a dialogue between the fiend, under the form
+  of a mule, and a monk, who was his rider. B.&nbsp;H.&nbsp;C., at p.&nbsp;521. of the
+  same volume, sends a passage from the <i>Dictionnaire Littéraire</i>,
+  giving the complete distich:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Signa te, signa, temere me tangis et angis.</p>
+      <p>Roma tibi subito motibus ibit amor,"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>and attributing it to the devil, but without supplying any more
+  authentic parentage for the lines. The following Note will contribute a
+  fact or two to the investigation of the subject; but I shall be obliged
+  to conclude by reiterating the original Query of <span
+  class="sc">B&oelig;oticus</span>, Who was the real author of the
+  lines?</p>
+
+  <p>In a little work entitled <i>A Summer in Brittany</i>, published by me
+  in 1840, may be found (at p.&nbsp;99. of vol. i.) a legend, which relates how
+  one Jean Patye, canon of Cambremer, in the chapter of Bayeux, rode the
+  devil to Rome, for the purpose of there chanting the epistle at the
+  midnight mass at Christmas, according to the tenor of an ancient bond,
+  which obliged the chapter to send one of their number yearly to Rome for
+  that purpose. This story I met with in a little volume, entitled
+  <i>Contes populaires, Préjugés, Patois, Proverbes de l'Arrondissement de
+  Bayeux, recueillis et publiés</i>, par F. Pluquet, the frontispiece of
+  which consists of a sufficiently graphic representation of the worthy
+  canon's feat. Pluquet concludes his narrative by stating that&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Etienne Tabourot dans ses <i>Bigarrures</i>, publiées sous le nom du
+  <i>Seigneur des Accords</i>, rapporte que c'est à Saint Antide que le
+  diable, qui le portait à Rome sur son dos, adresse le distique latin dont
+  il est question ci-dessus."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>It should seem that this trick of <i>carrying people to Rome</i> was
+  attributed to the devil, by those conversant with his habits, in other
+  centuries besides the nineteenth.</p>
+
+  <p>I have not here the means of looking at the work to which Pluquet
+  refers; but if any of your correspondents, who live in more bookish lands
+  than this, will do so, they may perchance obtain some clue to the
+  original authorship of the lines; for in Sidonius Apollinaris I cannot
+  find them. The only edition of his works to which I have the means of
+  referring is the quarto of Adrien Perrier, Paris, 1609. Among the verses
+  contained in that volume, I think I can assert that the lines in question
+  are not. We all know that the worthy author of the <i>Curiosities of
+  Literature</i> cannot be much depended upon for accuracy.</p>
+
+  <p>Once again, then, Who was the author of this specimen, perhaps the
+  most perfect extant, of palindromic absurdity?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">T. A. T.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Florence.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>CHILDREN CRYING AT THEIR BIRTH.</h3>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"When I was born, I drew in the common air, and fell upon the earth,
+  which is of like nature, <i>and the first voice which I uttered was
+  crying, as all others do</i>."&mdash;<i>Wisd.</i> vii. 3.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Tum porro Puer, ut sævis projectus ab undis</p>
+      <p>Navita, <i>nudus, humi jacet</i>, Infans, indigus omni</p>
+      <p>Vitali auxilio; cum primum in luminis oras</p>
+      <p>Nixibus ex alvo matris natura profudit:</p>
+      <p><i>Vagituque locum lugubri complet</i>, ut æquum est,</p>
+      <p>Cui tantum in vita restet transire malorum."</p>
+      <p class="i8"><i>Lucret. De Rer. Nat.</i>, v. 223.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>For the benefit of the lady-readers of "N. &amp; Q." I subjoin a
+  translation of these beautiful lines of Lucretius:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The infant, as soon as Nature with great pangs of travail hath sent
+  it forth from the womb of its mother into the regions of light, lies,
+  like a sailor cast out from the waves, <i>naked upon the earth</i> in
+  utter want and helplessness; <i>and fills every place around with
+  mournful wailings</i> and piteous lamentation, as is natural for one who
+  has so many ills of life in store for him, so many evils which he must
+  pass through and suffer."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Thou must be patient: we came crying hither;</p>
+      <p>Thou know'st, the first time that we smell the air,</p>
+      <p>We wawle and cry&mdash;</p>
+      <p>When we are born, we cry that we are come</p>
+      <p>To this great stage of fools."&mdash;Shakspeare's <i>Lear</i>.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Who remindeth me of the sins of my infancy? 'For in Thy sight none is
+  pure from sin, not even the infant whose life is but a day upon the
+  earth.' (Job xxv. 4.) Who remindeth me? Doth not each little infant, in
+  whom I see what of myself I remember not? What then was my sin? Was it
+  that I <i>hung upon the breast and cried</i>?"&mdash;St. Austin,
+  <i>Confess.</i>, lib. i. 7.</p>
+
+  <p>"For man's sake it should seeme that Nature made and produced all
+  other creatures besides; though this great favour of hers, so bountifull
+  and beneficiall in that respect, hath cost them full deere. Insomuch as
+  it is hard to judge, whether in so doing she hath done the part of a kind
+  mother, or a hard and cruell stepdame. For first and foremost, of all
+  other living creatures, man she hath brought forth all naked, and
+  cloathed him with the good and riches of others. To all the rest she hath
+  given sufficient to clad them everie <!-- Page 344 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page344"></a>{344}</span>one according to their
+  kind; as namely shells, cods, hard hides, prickes, shagge, bristles,
+  haire, downe, feathers, quils, skailes, and fleeces of wool. The verie
+  trunkes and stemmes of trees and plants, shee hath defended with bark and
+  rind, yea, and the same sometime double against the injuries both of heat
+  and cold: man alone, poore wretch, she hath laid <i>all naked upon the
+  bare earth, even on his birth-day, to cry and wraule presently from the
+  very first houre that he is borne into this world</i>: in suche sort as,
+  <i>among so many living creatures, there is none subject to shed teares
+  and weepe like him. And verily to no babe or infant is it given once to
+  laugh before he be fortie daies old</i>, and that is counted verie early
+  and with the soonest.... The child of man thus untowardly borne, and who
+  another day is to rule and command all other, loe how he lyeth bound hand
+  and foot, weeping and crying, and beginning his life with miserie, as if
+  he were to make amends and satisfaction by his punishment unto Nature,
+  for this onely fault and trespass, that he is borne
+  alive."&mdash;Plinie's <i>Naturall Historie</i>, by Phil. Holland, Lond.
+  1601, fol., intr. to b. vii.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The following queries are extracted from Sir Thomas Browne's
+  "Common-place Books," <i>Aristotle, Lib. Animal.</i>:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Whether till after forty days children, though they cry, weep not;
+  or, as Scaliger expresseth it, 'Vagiunt sed oculis siccis.'</p>
+
+  <p>"Whether they laugh not upon tickling?</p>
+
+  <p>"Why, though some children have been heard to cry in the womb, <i>yet
+  so few cry at their birth</i>, though their heads be out of the
+  womb?"&mdash;Bohn's ed. iii. 358.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Thompson follows Pliny, and says that man is "taught <i>alone</i> to
+  weep" ("Spring," 350.); but&mdash;not to speak of the</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i8hg3">"Cruel crafty crocodile,</p>
+      <p>Which, in false grief hiding his harmful guile,</p>
+      <p>Doth weep full sore and sheddeth tender tears,"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>as Spenser sings&mdash;the camel weeps when over-loaded, and the deer
+  when chased sobs piteously. Thompson himself in a passage he has stolen
+  from Shakspeare, makes the stag weep:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i8">&mdash;&mdash;"he stands at bay;</p>
+      <p><i>The big round tears</i> run down his dappled face;</p>
+      <p>He groans in anguish."&mdash;Autumn, 452.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Steller relates this of the <i>Phoca Ursina</i>, Pallas of the camel,
+  and Humboldt of a small American monkey."&mdash;Laurence <i>On Man</i>,
+  Lond. 1844, p.&nbsp;161.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Risibility, and a sense of the ridiculous, is generally considered to
+  be the property of man, though <i>Le Cat</i> states that he has seen a
+  chimpanzee laugh.</p>
+
+  <p>The notion with regard to a child crying at baptism has been already
+  touched on in these pages, Vol. vi., p.&nbsp;601.; Vol. vii., p.&nbsp;96.</p>
+
+  <p>Grose (quoted in Brand) tells us there is a superstition that a child
+  who does not cry when sprinkled in baptism will not live; and the same is
+  recorded in Hone's <i>Year-Book</i>.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Eirionnach.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>UNPUBLISHED LETTER OF LORD NELSON.</h3>
+
+  <p>The following letter of Lord Nelson may, especially at the present
+  moment, interest and amuse some of the readers of "N. &amp; Q." The
+  original is in my possession, and was given me by the late Miss Churchey
+  of Brecon, daughter of the gentleman to whom it was addressed. Can any of
+  your readers inform me where the "old lines" quoted by the great hero are
+  to be found?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">E. G. Bass.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Ryde, Isle of Wight.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">Merton, Oct. 20, 1802.</p>
+
+  <p>Sir,</p>
+
+  <p>Your idea is most just and proper, that a provision should be made for
+  midshipmen who have served a certain time with good characters, and
+  certainly twenty pounds is a very small allowance; but how will your
+  surprise be increased, when I tell you that their <i>full</i> pay, when
+  watching, fighting and bleeding for their country at sea, is not equal to
+  that sum. An admiral's half-pay is scarcely equal, including the run of a
+  kitchen, to that of a French cook; a captain's but little better than a
+  valet's; and a lieutenant's certainly not equal to a London footman's; a
+  midshipman's nothing. But as I am a seaman, and faring with them, I can
+  say nothing. I will only apply some very old lines wrote at the end of
+  some former war:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i1hg3">"Our God and sailor we adore,</p>
+      <p class="i1">In time of danger, not before;</p>
+      <p>The danger past, both are alike requited,</p>
+      <p>God is forgotten, and the sailor slighted."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>Your feelings do you great honour, and I only wish all others in the
+  kingdom were the same. However, if ever I should be placed in a situation
+  to be useful to such a deserving set of young men as our mids, nothing
+  shall be left undone which may be in the power of,</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i4">Dear Sir,</p>
+      <p class="i6">Your most obedient servant,</p>
+      <p class="i10"><span class="sc">Nelson and Bronte</span>.</p>
+    </div>
+
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Walton Churchey, Esq.,</p>
+      <p class="i1">Brecon, S. Wales.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>FOLK LORE.</h3>
+
+  <p><i>Devonshire Superstitions.</i>&mdash;Seeing that you sometimes
+  insert extracts from newspapers, I forward you a copy of a paragraph
+  which appeared in <i>The Times</i> of March 7, 1854, and which is worth a
+  corner in your folk-lore columns:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The following gross case of superstition, which occurred as late as
+  Sunday se'nnight, in one of the largest <!-- Page 345 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page345"></a>{345}</span>market towns in the
+  north of Devon, is related by an eye-witness:&mdash;A young woman, living
+  in the neighbourhood of Holsworthy, having for some time past been
+  subject to periodical fits of illness, endeavoured to effect a cure by
+  attendance at the afternoon service at the parish church, accompanied by
+  thirty young men, her near neighbours. Service over, she sat in the porch
+  of the church, and each of the young men, as they passed out in
+  succession, dropped a penny into her lap; but the last, instead of a
+  penny, gave her half-a-crown, taking from her the twenty-nine pennies
+  which she had already received. With this half-crown in her hand, she
+  walked three times round the communion-table, and afterwards had it made
+  into a ring, by the wearing of which she believes she will recover her
+  health."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Haughmond St. Clair.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Quacks.</i>&mdash;In the neighbourhood of Sevenoaks, Kent, a little
+  girl was bitten by a mad dog lately. Instead of sending for the doctor,
+  her father posted off to an old woman famous for her treatment of
+  hydrophobia. The old woman sent a quart bottle of some dark liquid, which
+  the patient is to take twice or thrice daily: and for this the father,
+  though but a poor labourer, had to pay one pound. The liquid is said by
+  the "country sort" to be infallible. It is made of herbs plucked by the
+  old woman, and mixed with milk. Its preparation is of course a grand
+  secret. As yet, the child keeps well.</p>
+
+  <p>Near Whitechapel, London, is another old woman, equally famous; but
+  her peculiar talent is not for hydrophobia, but for scalds. Whenever any
+  of the Germans employed in the numerous sugar-refineries in that
+  neighbourhood scald themselves, they beg, instead of being sent to the
+  hospital, to be taken to the old woman. For a few sovereigns, she will
+  take them in, nurse, and cure them; and I was informed by a proprietor of
+  a large sugar-house there, that often in a week she will heal a scald as
+  thoroughly as the hospital will in a month, and send the men back hearty
+  and fit for work to boot. She uses a good deal of linseed-oil, I am told;
+  but her great secret, they say, is, that she gives the whole of her time
+  and attention to the patient.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">P. M. M.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Temple.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Burning a Tooth with Salt.</i>&mdash;Can any one tell us whence
+  originates the custom, very scrupulously observed by many amongst the
+  common people, when a tooth has been taken out, of burning
+  it&mdash;generally with salt?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Two Surgeons.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Half Moon Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>PARALLEL PASSAGES.</h3>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"The wine of life is drawn, and the mere lees</p>
+      <p>Is left this vault to brag of."&mdash;<i>Macbeth</i>, Act II. Sc. 3.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"These spells are spent, and, spent with these,</p>
+      <p>The wine of life is on the lees."&mdash;<i>Marmion</i>, introd. to canto i.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The <i>old</i> and true saying, that a man is generally more inclined
+  to feel kindly towards one on whom he has conferred favours than towards
+  one from whom he has received them."&mdash;Macaulay, <i>Essay on
+  Bacon</i>, p.&nbsp;367. (1-vol. edit.)&mdash;Query, whose saying?</p>
+
+  <p>"On s'attache par les services qu'on rend, bien plus qu'on n'est
+  attaché par les services qu'on reçoit. C'est qu'il y a, dans le
+  c&oelig;ur de l'homme, bien plus d'orgueil que de
+  reconnaissance."&mdash;Alex. Dumas, <i>La Comtesse de Charny</i>, <span
+  class="scac">II.</span> ch. iii.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"But earthlier happy is the rose distilled</p>
+      <p>Than that, which, withering on the virgin thorn,</p>
+      <p>Grows, lives, and dies in single blessedness."&mdash;<i>Midsum. Night's Dream</i>, Act I. Sc. 1.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"<i>Maria.</i> Responde tu mihi vicissim:&mdash;utrum spectaculum
+  am&oelig;nius: rosa nitens et lactea in suo frutice, an decerpta digitis
+  ac paulatim marcescens?</p>
+
+  <p>"<i>Pamphilus.</i> Ego rosam existimo feliciorem quæ marcescit in
+  hominis manu, delectans interim et oculos et nares, quam quæ senescit in
+  frutice."&mdash;Erasmus, <i>Procus et Puella</i>.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"And spires whose silent finger points to heaven." (?)</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"And the white spire that points a world of rest."&mdash;Mrs. Sigourney, <i>Connecticut River</i>.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"She walks the waters <i>like a thing of life</i>."&mdash;<i>Byron.</i></p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i6hg3">"The master bold,</p>
+      <p class="i1">The high-soul'd and the brave,</p>
+      <p>Who ruled her <i>like a thing of life</i></p>
+      <p class="i1">Amid the crested wave."&mdash;Mrs. Sigourney, <i>Bell of the Wreck</i>.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Thy heroes, tho' the general doom</p>
+      <p>Have swept the column from the tomb,</p>
+      <p>A mightier monument command,&mdash;</p>
+      <p>The mountains of their native land!"&mdash;<i>Byron.</i></p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Your mountains build their monument,</p>
+      <p>Tho' ye destroy their dust."&mdash;Mrs. Sigourney, <i>Indian Names</i>.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Else had I heard the steps, tho' low</p>
+      <p>And light they fell, as when earth receives,</p>
+      <p>In morn of frost, the wither'd leaves</p>
+      <p class="i1">That drop when no winds blow."&mdash;Scott, <i>Triermain</i>, i. <i>5.</i></p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Dropp'd, like shed blossoms, silent to the grass."&mdash;Hood, <i>Mids. Fairies</i>, viii.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"There is sweet music here that softer falls</p>
+      <p>Than petals from blown roses on the grass."&mdash;Tennyson, <i>Lotos-eaters</i>.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+<p><!-- Page 346 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page346"></a>{346}</span></p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Two such I saw, what time the labour'd ox</p>
+      <p>In his loose traces from the furrow came."&mdash;Milton, <i>Comus</i>.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"While labouring oxen, spent with toil and heat,</p>
+      <p>In their loose traces from the field retreat."&mdash;Pope, <i>Pastoral</i>, iii.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"It is the curse of kings, to be attended</p>
+      <p>By slaves that take their humours for a warrant</p>
+      <p>To break into the bloody house of life,</p>
+      <p>And, on the winking of authority,</p>
+      <p>To understand a law: to know the meaning</p>
+      <p>Of dangerous majesty, when perchance it frowns</p>
+      <p>More upon humour than advised respect."&mdash;<i>King John</i>, Act IV. Sc. 2.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i8hg3">"O curse of kings!</p>
+      <p>Infusing a dread life into their words,</p>
+      <p>And linking to the sudden transient thought</p>
+      <p>The unchangeable, irrevocable deed!"&mdash;Coleridge, <i>Death of Wallenstein</i>, v. 9.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Conscience! &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp;</p>
+      <p>Your lank jawed, hungry judge will dine upon 't,</p>
+      <p>And hang the guiltless rather than eat his mutton cold."&mdash;C. Cibber, <i>Richard III</i>.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"The hungry judges soon the sentence sign,</p>
+      <p>And wretches hang that jurymen may dine."&mdash;Pope, <i>Rape of the Lock</i>, iii. 21.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Harry Leroy Temple.</span></p>
+
+  <p>"Death and his brother Sleep." Quoted (from Shelley) with parallel
+  passages from Sir T. Browne, Coleridge, and Byron in "N. &amp; Q.," Vol.
+  iv., p.&nbsp;435. Add to them the following:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Care-charmer Sleep, son of the sable Night,</p>
+      <p>Brother to Death, in silent darkness born."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p><i>Samuel Daniel</i>, Spenser's successor as "voluntary Laureate."</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Care-charming Sleep, thou easer of all woes,</p>
+      <p>Brother to Death."&mdash;Fletcher, <i>Valentinian</i>.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"The death of each day's life."&mdash;Shakspeare, <i>Macbeth</i>, Act II. Sc. 2.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Teach me to live, that I may dread</p>
+      <p>The grave as little as my bed."&mdash;<i>Bishop Ken.</i></p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"We thought her sleeping when she died;</p>
+      <p>And dying, when she slept."&mdash;<i>Hood.</i></p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Somne levis, quanquam certissima mortis imago</p>
+      <p class="i1">Consortem cupio te tamen esse tori;</p>
+      <p>Alma quies, optata, veni, nam sic sine vitâ</p>
+      <p class="i1">Vivere quam suave est; sic sine morte mori."&mdash;<i>T. Warton.</i></p>
+      <p class="i4">[<i>Finely translated by Wolcot.</i>]</p>
+      <p class="hg3">"Come, gentle sleep! attend thy vot'ry's pray'r,</p>
+      <p>And, though Death's image, to my couch repair;</p>
+      <p>How sweet, though lifeless, yet with life to lie,</p>
+      <p>And, without dying, oh, how sweet to die!"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"While sleep the weary world reliev'd,</p>
+      <p>By counterfeiting death revived."&mdash;Butler, <i>Hudibras</i>.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Shake off this downy sleep, death's counterfeit,</p>
+      <p>And look on death itself!"&mdash;Shakspeare, <i>Macbeth</i>, Act II. Sc. 3.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Nature, alas! why are thou so</p>
+      <p>Obliged unto thy greatest foe?</p>
+      <p>Sleep that is thy best repast,</p>
+      <p>Yet of death it bears a taste,</p>
+      <p>And both are the same things at last."&mdash;Dennis, <i>Sophonisba</i>.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i3hg3">"Great Nature's second course,</p>
+      <p>Chief nourisher in life's feast."&mdash;Shakspeare, <i>Macbeth</i>, Act II. Sc. 2.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cuthbert Bede, B.A.</span></p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Nothing doth countervail a faithful friend."&mdash;<i>Ecclesias.</i>
+  vi. 15.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Nil ego contulerim jucundo sanus amico."&mdash;Hor. <i>Sat.</i> v. 44.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"If thou wouldst get a friend, <i>prove him</i> first, and be not
+  hasty to credit him."&mdash;<i>Ecclesias.</i> v. 7.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"<i>Diu cogita</i>, an tibi in amicitiam aliquis recipiendus sit: cum
+  placuerit fieri, toto illum pectore admitte: tam audacter cum illo
+  loquere, quam tecum."&mdash;Seneca, <i>Epist.</i> iii.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Quid dulcius, quam habere amicum quicum omnia audeas sic loquere quam
+  tecum."&mdash;Cic., <i>de Amic.</i> 6.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"The friends thou hast, and their <i>adoption tried</i>,</p>
+      <p>Grapple them to thy heart with hoops of steel."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"But do not dull thy palm with entertainment</p>
+      <p>Of each new-hatch'd, unfledg'd comrade."&mdash;Shakspeare, <i>Hamlet</i>, Act I. Sc. 3.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Bring not every man into thy house."&mdash;<i>Ecclesias.</i> vi.
+  7.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"A man's attire, and excessive laughter, and gait, show what he
+  is."&mdash;<i>Ecclesias.</i> xix. 30.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"&mdash;&mdash; The apparel oft proclaims the man."&mdash;<i>Hamlet</i>, Act I. Sc. 3.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Unus Pellæo juveni non sufficit orbis:</p>
+      <p>Æstuat infelix angusto limite mundi,</p>
+      <p>Ut Gyaræ clausus scopulis, parvâque Seripho."&mdash;<i>Juv.</i> x. 168.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"<i>Hamlet.</i> What have you, my good friends, deserved at the hands
+  of fortune, that she sends you to prison here?</p>
+
+  <p><i>Guildenstern.</i> Prison, my lord!</p>
+
+  <p><i>Ham.</i> Denmark's a prison.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Rosencrantz.</i> Then is the <i>world</i> one.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Ham.</i> A goodly one, in which there are many confines, wards, and
+  dungeons; Denmark being one of the worst.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Ros.</i> We think not so, my lord.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Ham.</i> Why, then, 'tis none to you; for there is nothing either
+  good or bad, but thinking makes it so: to me it is a prison.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Ros.</i> Why, then, your ambition makes it one; 'tis too narrow for
+  your mind."&mdash;Shakspeare, <i>Hamlet</i>, Act II. Sc. 2.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<p><!-- Page 347 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page347"></a>{347}</span></p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Ad hanc legem natus es; hoc patri tuo accidit, hoc matri, hoc
+  majoribus, hoc omnibus ante te, hoc omnibus post te, series invicta, et
+  nullâ mutabilis ope, illigat ac trahit cuncta."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"<i>King.</i> &mdash;&mdash; You must know, your father lost a father;</p>
+      <p>That father lost&mdash;lost his; &nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp;</p>
+      <p>&nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; . &nbsp;</p>
+      <p>To reason most absurd, whose common theme</p>
+      <p>Is death of fathers, and who still hath cry'd,</p>
+      <p>From the first corse, 'till he that died to-day,</p>
+      <p><i>This must be so</i>."&mdash;<i>Hamlet</i>, Act I. Sc. 2.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"<span title="Apo de tou mê echontos" class="grk">&#x1F08;&pi;&#x1F78;
+  &delta;&#x1F72; &tau;&omicron;&#x1FE6; &mu;&#x1F74;
+  &#x1F14;&chi;&omicron;&nu;&tau;&omicron;&sigmaf;</span>,"
+  &amp;c.&mdash;<i>Ante</i>, Vol. viii., p.&nbsp;372.</p>
+
+  <p>"Besides this, <i>nothing</i> that he so plentifully gives
+  me."&mdash;Shakspeare, <i>As You Like It</i>, Act I. Sc. 1.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author">J. W. F.</p>
+
+  <p>Having observed several Notes in different Numbers of your interesting
+  publication, in which sentences have been quoted from the works of
+  ancient and modern authors that are almost alike in words, or contain the
+  same ideas clothed in different language, I would only add, that those of
+  your readers or correspondents who take an interest in such inquiries
+  will find instances enough, in a work which was published in Venice in
+  1624, to fill several columns of "N. &amp; Q." The volume is entitled
+  <i>Il Seminario de Governi di Stato, et di Guerra</i>.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">W. W.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Malta.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Minor Notes.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Vallancey's Green Book.</i>&mdash;Perhaps your readers are not
+  aware of the existence of the curious and interesting volume mentioned in
+  the following cutting from Jones's last <i>Catalogue</i> (D'Olier St.
+  Dublin). It may therefore be worth making a note of in your columns:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+<p class="cenhead">"1008. Vallancey's Green Book, <i>manuscript, folio</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>*** Vallancey's Green Book, so named from being bound in green vellum,
+  was the volume in which the celebrated Irish antiquary, General Charles
+  Vallancey, entered the titles of all the manuscripts and printed works
+  relative to Ireland which he had occasion to consult in his antiquarian
+  researches. The copy now offered for sale is believed to be the only one
+  extant. Bound in the same volume is a collection of the titles of all the
+  manuscripts relating to Ireland, which are preserved in the Archbishop of
+  Canterbury's library, at Lambeth, London."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author">R. H.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Trin. Coll., Dublin.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Herrings.</i>&mdash;"The lovers of fish" may be glad to learn what
+  a bloater is, a mystery which I endeavoured to unravel when lately on the
+  Norfolk coast. A bloater, I was informed, is a large, plump herring (as
+  we say a <i>bloated</i> toad); and the genuine claimants of the title
+  fall by their own weight from the meshes of the net.</p>
+
+  <p>The origin of the simile&mdash;"As dead as a herring"&mdash;may not be
+  generally known. This fish dies immediately upon its removal from the
+  native element (strange to say) from want of air; for swimming near the
+  surface it requires much, and the gills, when dry, cannot perform their
+  function.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">C. T.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Byron and Rochefoucauld.</i>&mdash;The following almost
+  word-for-word renderings of two of Rochefoucauld's <i>Réflexions</i>
+  occur in the third and fourth stanzas of the third canto of Byron's
+  <i>Don Juan</i>. I am not aware that any notice has been taken of them
+  beyond a note appended to the first passage, in Moore's edition of
+  Byron's <i>Works</i>, attributing the <i>mot</i> to Montaigne:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"Yet there are some, they say, who have had <i>none</i>,</p>
+      <p>But those who have ne'er end with only <i>one</i>."&mdash;<i>Byron.</i></p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"On peut trouver des femmes qui n'ont jamais eu de galanterie; mais il
+  est rare d'en trouver qui n'en aient jamais eu
+  qu'une."&mdash;Rochefoucauld's <i>Maximes et Réflexions Morales</i>.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"In her first passion, woman loves her lover,</p>
+      <p>In all the others all she loves is love."&mdash;<i>Byron</i></p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Dans les premières passions les femmes aiment l'amant; dans les
+  autres elles aiment l'amour."&mdash;Rochefoucauld's <i>Maximes et
+  Réflexions Morales</i>.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Sigma.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Customs, London.</p>
+
+  <p>"<i>Abscond.</i>"&mdash;This is a word which appears to have lost its
+  primary meaning of concealment, apart from that of escape. Horace
+  Walpole, however, uses it in the former sense:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Virette <i>absconds</i>, and has sent M. de Pecquigny word that <i>he
+  shall abscond</i> till he can find a proper opportunity of fighting
+  him."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cheverells.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Garlands, Broadsheets, &amp;c.</i>&mdash;Will you allow me to
+  suggest to your correspondents, that it would be very desirable, for
+  literary and antiquarian purposes, to form as complete a list as possible
+  of public and private collections of garlands, broadsheets, chap-books,
+  ballads, tracts, &amp;c.; and to ask them to forward to "N. &amp; Q." the
+  names of any such public or private collections as they may be acquainted
+  with. I need not say anything of the importance and value of the ballads,
+  &amp;c., contained in such collections, to the historical student and the
+  archæologist, for their value is too well known to require it; but I
+  would earnestly urge the formation of such a list as the one I now <!--
+  Page 348 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page348"></a>{348}</span>suggest, which will greatly facilitate
+  literary researches.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Life-belts.</i>&mdash;Suppose that each person on board the Tayleur
+  had been supplied with a life-belt, how many hundreds of lives would have
+  been saved? And when it is considered that such belts can be made for
+  less than half-a-crown each, what reason can there be that government
+  should not require them to be carried, at least in emigrant vessels, if
+  passengers are so ignorant and stupid as not voluntarily to provide them
+  for themselves?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Thinks I To Myself.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Turkey and Russia&mdash;The Eastern Question</i> (Vol. ix.,
+  p.&nbsp;244.).&mdash;The past history of these rival states presents more than
+  one parallel passage like the following, extracted from Watkins's
+  <i>Travels through Switzerland, Italy, the Greek Islands, to
+  Constantinople, &amp;c.</i> (2nd edit., two vols. 8vo. 1794):</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The Turks have been, and indeed deserve to be, praised for the manner
+  in which they declared war against the Russians. They sent by Mr.
+  Bulgakoff, her Imperial Majesty's minister at the Porte, to demand the
+  restitution of the Crimea, which had been extorted from them by the
+  merciless despot of R&mdash;&mdash;a, (<i>sic</i>) when too much
+  distressed by a rebellion in Egypt to protect it. On his return without
+  an answer they put him in the Seven Towers, and commenced hostilities.
+  They hate the Russians; and to show it the more, frequently call a Frank
+  <i>Moscoff</i>. To the English they are more partial than to any other
+  Christian nation, from a tradition that Mahomet was prevented by death
+  from converting our ancestors to his faith."&mdash;Vol. ii. pp.
+  276-7.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Macray.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Oxford.</p>
+
+  <p>"<i>Verbatim et literatim.</i>"&mdash;As this phrase often finds
+  insertion, even in the pages of "N. &amp; Q.," it may be well to call
+  attention to the fact that there is no such adverb as <i>literatim</i> in
+  the Latin language. There is the adverb <i>literate</i>, which means
+  after the manner of a literate man, learnedly; but to express the idea
+  intended by the coined word <i>literatim</i>, I think we must use the
+  form <i>ad literam</i>&mdash;"<i>Verbatim et ad literam.</i>"</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">L. H. J. Tonna.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Queries.</h2>
+
+<h3>PRINTS OF LONDON BEFORE THE GREAT FIRE.</h3>
+
+  <p>In addition to the Tower, there was in Cromwell's time the
+  fortification of Baynard's Castle, near Blackfriars, and the city gates
+  were also fortifications on a small scale; they were rebuilt (St. John's,
+  Clerkenwell, excepted, which was spared) after the Great Fire, and were
+  taken down somewhere about 1760. Can any of your readers tell me whether
+  there is any series of prints extant of the most remarkable buildings
+  which were destroyed by the fire? There are some few maps, and a print or
+  two interspersed here and there, in the British Museum; but is there any
+  regular series of plates? We know that Inigo Jones built a Grecian
+  portico on to the east end of the Gothic cathedral of old St. Paul's,
+  surmounted with statues of Charles I., &amp;c.; that the Puritans
+  destroyed a beautiful conduit at the top of Cheapside; that Sir Thomas
+  Gresham's Exchange was standing. But among the many city halls burnt
+  down, were there any fine specimens of architecture, any churches worthy
+  of note? And as Guildhall was not entirely consumed, what parts of the
+  present edifice belong to the olden time?</p>
+
+  <p>You are doubtless aware that the fire did not extend to St. Giles's
+  Cripplegate, and that at the back of the church are remains of the old
+  city walls.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Ardelio.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>BATTLE OF OTTERBURN.</h3>
+
+  <p>On what authority does Mr. Tytler (<i>History of Scotland</i>, vol.
+  iii. pp. 45&mdash;53.), in his otherwise very fair account of this
+  celebrated battle, assert that the Earl of Douglas was a younger man than
+  Hotspur? I have no doubt that he found it so recorded somewhere, and
+  willingly believed that his countrymen had prevailed, not only over
+  superior numbers of the enemy, but also over greater experience on the
+  part of the hostile general; but a little more investigation would have
+  shown him that the difference of age lay the other way. Henry Percy, by
+  his own account (in the Scrope and Grosvenor Controversy), was born in
+  1366, and was therefore twenty-two when the battle was fought. I do not
+  know that there is any direct evidence to Douglas's age, but the
+  following considerations appear to me decisive as to his being much older
+  than his rival.</p>
+
+  <p>1. Froissart's visit to Scotland was undoubtedly prior to 1366
+  (although the exact date is not given), and during his stay of fifteen
+  days at Dalkeith, he saw much of the youthful heir of that castle, the
+  future hero of Otterburn, and describes him as a "promising youth."</p>
+
+  <p>2. Hotspur, in his deposition above mentioned, says that he first bore
+  arms at the siege of Berwick in 1378; but his antagonist must have
+  commenced his military career long before, as Froissart mentions him as
+  knighted on the occasion of the battle fought a few days after the
+  surrender of that place, between Sir Archibald Douglas and Sir Thomas
+  Musgrave; none but kings' sons were knighted in childhood in those days,
+  or without undergoing a long previous probation in the inferior grades of
+  chivalry.</p>
+
+  <p>3. An early and constant family (if not general) tradition asserts
+  that Douglas had a natural son <!-- Page 349 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page349"></a>{349}</span>(ancestor of the Cavers family), old
+  enough to bear his father's banner in the battle; on this, however, I lay
+  little stress, as Froissart distinctly assigns that honourable post to
+  another person, David Campbell, who was slain by the side of his
+  lord.</p>
+
+  <p>Mr. Tytler is also evidently wrong in placing, on the authority of
+  Macpherson's <i>Notes on Winton</i>, this battle on the 5th of August,
+  1388. Froissart gives the date as the 19th of August, and as the moon was
+  full on the 18th, the combatants would have bright moonlight all night,
+  which agrees with all the narratives; on the 5th they would have little
+  moonlight, and would have lost it soon.</p>
+
+  <p>Though not very germane to the matter, except as being a point of
+  chronology, I may add here that the remarkable solar eclipse, long
+  remembered in Scotland by the name of the "Dark Hour," did not occur, as
+  stated by Mr. Tytler, on 17th June, 1432, but on the same month and day
+  of the following year.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. S. Warden.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>DE BEAUVOIR PEDIGREE.</h3>
+
+  <p>I have in my possession a curious ancient pedigree of De Beauvoir and
+  Harryes, headed thus:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The name De Beauvoir is from &mdash;&mdash; in the kingdom of
+  England; came into England with y<sup>e</sup> Conquest of the Norman
+  Duke, from whom is descended all that are now in England, they bearing
+  for their coate armour the <i>first</i>, Azure, a chevron or, between
+  three cinquefeuilles argent, by the name of De Beauvoir. The
+  <i>second</i> he beareth the guelles a chevron between three hayeres
+  heads erased, by the name of Harreys. The <i>third</i> (or) a lyon
+  rampant azure, by the name of Throlpe. The <i>fourth</i>, Argent, a fess
+  between three cressentes azure, by the name of ... within a mantle
+  doubled guelles on two helmetes and torseyes proper and the first a
+  demy-dragon, adorned properly guelles and argent, vert, by the foresaid
+  name De Beauvoir; on the second a harye sitting argent between two bushes
+  vert."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The pedigree begins with "Sir Robert Beauvoir, Lord Beauvoir, Lord
+  Baron of Beaver Castle, Knt.;" and the maternal line with "Sir Robert
+  Harryes of Malden in Essex, Knt., came into England with the Saxons."</p>
+
+  <p>In the tenth descent the sole heiress is represented as marrying
+  "Robert, Lord Bellmoint," whose sole daughter married "John, Lord
+  Manners, father of Edmund Manners, first Earl of Rutland, from whom is
+  descended Roger, Earl of Rutland, now living."</p>
+
+  <p>The pedigree ends with the nineteenth descendant, Henry de Beauvoir,
+  of the Isle of Guernsey, who married the daughter of Peter Harreys of the
+  Isle of Guernsey.</p>
+
+  <p>Can any reader of "N. &amp; Q." inform me whether descendants of that
+  marriage are still to be found, and where?</p>
+
+  <p>There are points in the pedigree, as genealogists will see, totally
+  discrepant from the Peerages.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Thomas Russell Potter.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Wymeswold.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h3>Minor Queries.</h3>
+
+  <p><i>Dog-whippers: Frankincense.</i>&mdash;Can any reader throw light
+  upon the following entries in the churchwardens' account-book for the
+  parish of Forest Hill, near Oxford?</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"1694. P<sup>d</sup> to Tho. Mills for whipping dogs out of church, 1
+  shilling.</p>
+
+  <p>"1702. P<sup>d</sup> for frankincense for the church, 6 pence."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The only passage which occurs to me as at all bearing upon so late a
+  use of incense in parish churches in this country, is the following
+  extract from Herbert:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The country parson hath a care that his church be swept and kept
+  clean; and at great festivals, strewed and stuck with boughs, and
+  perfumed with incense."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>This hardly brings the custom later than 1630.</p>
+
+  <p>As regards the former entry, I am told by a friend that the office of
+  dog-whipper existed about fifty years ago for the church of Heversham in
+  Westmoreland.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">C. F. W.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Atchievement in Yorkshire&mdash;Lipyeatt Family.</i>&mdash;Found
+  and noted in a Yorkshire church tower, an atchievement painted apparently
+  about forty or fifty years ago, of which no account can be given by the
+  sexton or parish clerk. Query, to what names do the bearings belong? viz.
+  Vert, on a fess or, between three bezants, three lions passant azure.
+  Impaling: Vert, three swans in tri, statant, wings erect, argent. Crest,
+  a lion passant azure, langued gules. The swans have head, neck, and body
+  like swans, but their legs appear to have been borrowed from the stork.
+  It is suspected that the dexter coat belongs to one of the Wiltshire
+  Lipyeatts.</p>
+
+  <p>Is there any pedigree of the Lipyeatt family, who were burghers of
+  wealth and consideration in the town of Marlborough, from the middle of
+  the seventeenth century down to the latter part of the eighteenth?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Patonce.</span></p>
+
+  <p>"<i>Waestart.</i>"&mdash;A common expression of sorrow or condolence
+  among the lower classes in the manufacturing district around Leeds, in
+  Yorkshire. Whence does it arise? Is it an abbreviation of "Woe to my
+  heart," "Woe is me"?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. L. S., Sen.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Rebellion of 1715.</i>&mdash;Has any report been published of the
+  trial of the prisoners taken at Preston? Mr. Baron Bury, Mr. Justice
+  Eyre, and Mr. Baron Montague opened the Commission at Liverpool. The
+  trials began on January 20, 1716, and lasted till February 8.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Thomas Baker.</span></p>
+
+<p><!-- Page 350 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page350"></a>{350}</span></p>
+
+  <p>"<i>Athenian Sport.</i>"&mdash;Who was the writer of <i>Athenian
+  Sport, or Two Thousand Paradoxes, merely argued to amuse and divert the
+  Age</i>, by a Member of the Athenian Society, London, 1707?<a
+  name="footnotetag1" href="#footnote1"><sup>[1]</sup></a> It would almost
+  appear to have been a burlesque upon the <i>Athenian Oracle</i>.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Henry T. Riley.</span></p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <a name="footnote1"></a><b>Footnote 1:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag1">(return)</a>
+  <p>Lowndes has attributed this work, but we think incorrectly, to the
+  celebrated John Dunton.&mdash;<span class="sc">Ed</span>.</p>
+
+</div>
+  <p><i>Gutta Percha made soluble.</i>&mdash;Can any one inform me how
+  gutta percha may be made so soluble, that a coating of it may be given
+  any article, which shall dry as hard as its former state? I have tried
+  melting it in a ladle, but it never hardened properly.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">E. B.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Leeds.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Arms of Anthony Kitchen.</i>&mdash;Can any of your correspondents
+  inform me what were the arms of Anthony Kitchen, Bishop of Llandaff in
+  1545? And what relation, if any, of Robert Kitchen, who was Mayor of
+  Bristol in 1588? The latter was of Kendal in Westmoreland.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">D. F. T.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Griesbach Arms.</i>&mdash;Could any correspondent versed in German
+  heraldry tell me the arms of the German family of Griesbach, or refer me
+  to any work containing a collection of German arms?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cid.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Postage System of the Romans.</i>&mdash;Could any of your
+  correspondents inform me where I may find a perfect account of the postal
+  system of the Romans? We know that they must have had such a system, but
+  I have forgotten the author who gives any description of it.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Ardelio.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Three Crowns and Sugar-loaf.</i>&mdash;Passing through Franche (a
+  village near Kidderminster in Worcestershire) the other day, I saw an inn
+  called "The Three Crowns and Sugar-loaf." As there seems to me not the
+  <i>least</i> connexion between a crown and a sugar-loaf, I send this to
+  "N. &amp; Q." in hopes of an explanation from some of its readers more
+  skilled than myself in such matters.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Cid.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Helen MacGregor.</i>&mdash;In Burke's <i>Landed Gentry</i>
+  (Supplement, art. "MacGregor of Craigrostan and Inversnaid") this
+  redoubted heroine is described as "a woman of <i>agreeable temper</i> and
+  domestic habits, active and careful in the management of her family
+  affairs." This is so directly opposed, not only to Scott's description,
+  but to the generality of traditions about her, that, as Campbell says,
+  "it makes the hair of one's literary faith stand on end." Helen was, very
+  likely, a different person from what she afterwards became, ere the
+  events happened that drove Rob Roy "to the hill-side to become a broken
+  man;" but one can hardly imagine her, in her most happy days, to have
+  been such a person as is above depicted&mdash;an amiable wife and clever
+  housekeeper. The pen of a descendant is evident, in the partial
+  description given of both husband and wife.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. S. Warden.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Francis Grose the Antiquary.</i>&mdash;Francis Grose, the
+  distinguished antiquary, was Captain and Adjutant of the Surrey Militia,
+  commanded by Col. Hodges, in which regiment he served for many years; but
+  on some occasion, probably breach of discipline, he was brought to a
+  general court-martial. The regiment formed part of the large encampment
+  of 15,000 men on Cocksheath, near Maidstone, in 1778. I think the trial
+  took place then, or within a year or two of that date; and should be
+  thankful to any reader of "N. &amp; Q." who would supply me with the
+  precise date when the court-martial assembled?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span title="Ss." class="grk">&Sigma;&sigmaf;.</span></p>
+
+  <p>"<i>King of Kings:" Bishop Andrews' Sermons.</i>&mdash;From MS.
+  Account of Fellows of Kings, compiled from 1750, <span
+  class="scac">A.D.</span> 1583, Geffrey King, D.D., Professor of Hebrew,
+  Cambridge, first chaplain to Bancroft and James I., whether he or Thos.
+  King, 1605, or James King, 1609? One of them began his sermon at St.
+  James: "I, King of Kings, come to James the First and Sixth, nothing
+  wavering."</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"These puns much applauded in those times, insomuch that the preacher
+  would stop to receive applause, which was expressed by loud and repeated
+  hums. In Bishop Andrews' printed Sermons, these stops may be
+  discovered."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Is this true of Bishop Andrews' <i>Sermons?</i></p>
+
+  <p class="author">J. H. L.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Scroope Family.</i>&mdash;Will any one be so good as to clear up
+  the doubts noticed in the peerage books as to the family of Henry Lord
+  Scroope, of Bolton, who died about 22 Henry VII.? His wives are generally
+  stated to have been daughters of the Earl of Northumberland and Lord
+  Scroope of Upsal; but other accounts are to be met with. What however I
+  particularly refer to, is the question, who was the mother of his
+  daughter Alice, who married Sir Gilbert Talbot? Lady Talbot could not
+  have been by the daughter of Lord Scroope of Upsal; as, if so, she and
+  her issue would have inherited her grandfather's barony, which it is
+  certain was enjoyed by his younger brothers. Very likely Mr. Scroope's
+  unpublished volume on the Lords Scroope and their seat Coombe Castle
+  explains this.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">S. N.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Harrison the Regicide&mdash;Lowle.</i>&mdash;Thomas Willing, son of
+  Joseph Willing and Anne Lowle (his second wife), married July 16, 1704,
+  Anne Harrison, a grand-daughter of the Regicide. Charles (son of Thomas
+  and Anne, born in Bristol, 1710) married Anne Shippen. One of their
+  daughters married Sir Walter Stirling; and a <!-- Page 351 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page351"></a>{351}</span>great-granddaughter
+  (Miss Bingham) married Mr. Baring, afterwards Lord Ashburton. I should be
+  obliged for information as follows:</p>
+
+  <p>1. Through what descent was Anne Harrison a descendant of the
+  Regicide?</p>
+
+  <p>2. Is anything known of the Lowle family? Their arms were, "Sa., a
+  hand grasping three darts argent."</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc"> T. Balch.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Philadelphia.</p>
+
+  <p><i>"Chair" or "Char."</i>&mdash;I am desirous of ascertaining the
+  meaning of this term, as occurring frequently in the Cambridgeshire Fens.
+  It is variously spelt, <i>chair</i>, <i>chaire</i>, <i>chare</i>, or
+  <i>char</i>. In the Cambridgeshire dialect it may be remarked, <i>air</i>
+  or <i>are</i> is pronounced as "ar." Thus, <i>upstairs</i>, <i>bare</i>,
+  are "upstars," "bar." There is a Char Fen at Stretham, laid down in Sir
+  Jonah Moore's Map (1663). There is also a Chare Fen at Cottenham; and at
+  Littleport is a place called Littleport Chair. This last had the name at
+  least as early as Edward II.'s reign; as in a description of a
+  neighbouring fen, not later than that date, one boundary is "A le
+  <i>chaire</i> per Himmingslode usque Gualslode End." A friend who has
+  searched the documents in the Fen Office at Ely on this subject for me,
+  has been unable to discover the least clue to the meaning of the
+  term.</p>
+
+  <p>At Newcastle-on-Tyne, a narrow street or passage between houses is
+  called a <i>chare</i>; but there is nothing narrow about Char Fen, which
+  was part of an open common. The course of the rivers at Littleport may be
+  imagined to form a rude outline of a chair or seat; but this does not
+  apply to the other instances in which the name occurs.</p>
+
+  <p>There are numerous local names in the fens, of which the history may
+  be traced for some centuries, deserving investigation.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">E. G. R.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Aches.</i>&mdash;I am aware that there is abundant proof of "aches"
+  being a dissyllable when Shakspeare wrote, and long after; but I wish to
+  know whether there is any <i>rhyme</i> earlier than that in Butler, which
+  fixes the pronunciation as <i>artches</i>.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">S. S.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Leeming Hall.</i>&mdash;There was formerly a mansion somewhere
+  between Liverpool and Preston, called Leeming Hall. Can any of the
+  correspondents of "N. &amp; Q." inform me if it still exists, and what is
+  the name of the present owner? I should also be glad to have some
+  information respecting the genealogy of the family of Leemings, who
+  formerly lived there, or to learn the name and residence of some member
+  of the family to whom I could apply for such information.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">G.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Caricature; a Canterbury Tale.</i>&mdash;Many facts are recorded in
+  the caricatures of the day, of which there is no other account. The
+  reference of the following may be well known, but I should feel obliged
+  by any of your correspondents explaining it. Fox, the Prince of Wales,
+  and a third figure (?), are in a boat pushing off from shore, with Burke
+  looking over a wall with a large bag in his hand. He says,
+  "D&mdash;&mdash;me, Charley, don't leave me in the lurch;" who replies,
+  "Self-preservation is the first law of nature." His companions joining
+  with "Push off, Charley, push off."</p>
+
+  <p class="author">H.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Perpetual Curates not represented in Convocation.</i>&mdash;In
+  <i>Lectures on Church Difficulties</i>, by the Rev. J.&nbsp;M. Neale, I find
+  this statement:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Under the old regime rectors and vicars were alone, generally
+  speaking, allowed a vote in the election of proctors, to the exclusion
+  from that privilege of even perpetual curates."&mdash;Lecture xi.,
+  p.&nbsp;133.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>I believe that this is correct, and that the curates spoken of as
+  having their votes rejected in Day <i>versus</i> Knewstubbs, were
+  perpetual curates: but can some of your correspondents confirm this view
+  by facts?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Wm. Fraser.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Tor-Mohun.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Dr. Whichcote and Dorothy Jordan.</i>&mdash;In the preface to the
+  edition of the plays of Wycherley and others, edited by Mr. Leigh Hunt,
+  the following passage occurs:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The two best sermons we ever heard (and no disparagement to many a
+  good one from the pulpit) were a sentence of Dr. Whichcote's against the
+  multiplication of things forbidden, and the honest, heart and soul laugh
+  of Dorothy Jordan."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>I feel rather curious to read a sentence which is said to possess so
+  much instruction.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span title="Xanthos" class="grk">&Xi;&alpha;&nu;&theta;&omicron;&sigmaf;</span>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Moral Philosophy.</i>&mdash;What English writers have treated of
+  the obligation of oaths and promises, or generally of moral philosophy,
+  between the Reformation and the time of Bishop Sanderson?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">H. P.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Shelley's "Prometheus Unbound."</i>&mdash;Can any of your
+  correspondents, by conjecture or reference to the original MS., elucidate
+  the meaning of the following passage, which occurs in Act II. Sc. 4. of
+  this extraordinary poem? It sounds so sweetly that one cannot but wish it
+  were possible to understand it.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"<i>Asia.</i> Who made that sense which, when the winds of spring</p>
+      <p>In rarest visitation, or the voice</p>
+      <p>Of one beloved heard in youth alone,</p>
+      <p>Fills the faint eyes with falling tears which dim</p>
+      <p>The radiant looks of unbewailing flowers,</p>
+      <p>And leaves this peopled world a solitude</p>
+      <p>When it returns no more?"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>Shelley's mysticism is very often such as to render him unintelligible
+  to ordinary readers, but it is combined here with a want of grammatical
+  <!-- Page 352 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page352"></a>{352}</span>connexion that makes obscurity ten times
+  more obscure. I have not the least idea whether "fills" refers to "sense
+  which," or to "voice;" but whichsoever it may belong to, it is evident
+  that the other nominative singular, as also the plural "winds of spring,"
+  have no verbs, either expressed or understood, to govern. A line or two
+  may have dropped out; but all editions as far as I am aware, give the
+  passage as above. In Act I., at p.&nbsp;195. line 7 of the edition of 1853,
+  occurs a curious error (I presume of the press); Mercury, addressing the
+  Furies, says:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="i3hg3">"Back to your towers of iron,</p>
+      <p>And gnash beside the streams of fire, and wail</p>
+      <p>Your foodless teeth."</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>The having no food to put between one's teeth is no doubt a very
+  sufficient cause for wailing, but still I think the passage would run
+  better if "gnash" and "wail" exchanged places. How do other editions give
+  it?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. S. Warden.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Turkish Language.</i>&mdash;Are there any easy dialogues in the
+  Turkish language, but in the English type, to be obtained; and where? If
+  there be not, I think it would be desirable to publish some, with names
+  of common objects, &amp;c.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Hassan.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Minor Queries with Answers.</h2>
+
+  <div class="figright" style="width:4%;">
+      <a href="images/233_060.png"><img style="width:100%" src="images/233_060.png"
+      alt="monogram" title="monogram" /></a>
+  </div>
+  <p><i>Illustrated Bible of 1527.</i>&mdash;Can you inform me whether
+  there is any Bible published in 1527 at Lyons, with Hans Holbein's cuts
+  in it, and what engraver used this monogram, as I have a Bible of that
+  date, the plates of which are almost fac-similes (some of them) of
+  Holbein's cuts, which were published by Pickering? The date of the Bible
+  is 1527.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Impressa autem Lugduni per Jacobum Mareschall feliciter explicat,
+  anno nostri Salutis 1527."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author">L. S. C.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[Several editions of the Bible were printed in the early part of the
+  sixteenth century at Lyons, some of them ornamented with cuts from
+  designs similar to those of Holbein. Two or three from the press of
+  Mareschall are in the British Museum. We believe there were no Bibles
+  printed at Lyons in which it was acknowledged that the cuts were designed
+  by Holbein. The following notice of the monogram occurs in
+  <i>Dictionnaire des Monogrammes</i>, par F. Bruilliot, part i. p.&nbsp;421.,
+  No. 3208.: "Cette marque, dont on ne connait pas la signification, se
+  trouve sur une copie d'une gravure en bois de Jean Springinklee,
+  représentant l'enfant Jésus couché à terre, entouré de trois anges, et
+  adoré par St. Joseph et par la Ste. Vierge. A droite au travers d'une
+  fenêtre près d'une colonne on remarque le b&oelig;uf et l'âne, et au
+  milieu du fond deux bergers dont l'un ôte son chapeau. La marque est au
+  bas à gauche près de l'habit de St. Joseph. Bartsch décrit l'original,
+  <i>P. Gr.</i> t. vii. p.&nbsp;328., No. 51."]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Heraldic Query.</i>&mdash;Can you help me towards ascertaining the
+  date and meaning of the following device, which I find upon an old
+  picture-frame, the portrait once inclosed in which has long since been
+  destroyed?</p>
+
+  <p>On a disk, of about six inches in diameter, are engraved the royal
+  arms of Great Britain, without the harp, but with the Scots lion. You
+  will at once perceive the peculiarity of this bearing, the harp and the
+  lion having been added at the same time by James I. The leopards occupy
+  the first quarter, the ground of which is seméed with <i>hearts</i>; the
+  Scots lion the second, his feet resting upon a quaint band, which seems
+  to occupy the place of the usual bordure. The three fleurs-de-lis, very
+  much broadened, and taking almost the shape of crowns, occupy the places
+  of the third and fourth quarters.</p>
+
+  <p>The only instance I can find of a single lion or leopard appearing
+  upon a coin without the harp, is a coin (a half-florin) of Edward III.,
+  on the obverse of which appears a leopard crowned, with a banner of the
+  arms of England fastened to his neck, and flowing back upon his
+  shoulder.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Ruding.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Oxford and Cambridge Club.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[Our correspondent has wasted his ingenuity: the bearings are, first
+  quarter, Denmark, Or, semée of hearts gules, three lions passant
+  guardant. Second quarter, Norway, a lion crowned, or holding a Danish
+  battle-axe. In base Azure, three crowns, or two and one, Sweden.
+  Surmounted by the royal crown. See <i>Souverains du Monde</i>, t. iii.
+  p.&nbsp;430.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>Richard de Sancto Victorie.</i>&mdash;In Anthony Mundy's
+  <i>Successe of the Times</i>, under the head "Scotland," he
+  says,&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"In this King Alexander's reign (1110) lived also the holy man,
+  Richard de Sancto Victorie, being a Scot borne, but lyving the more part
+  of his time at Paris, in Fraunce, where he died, and lieth buried in the
+  Abbey of S. Victorie, he being a brother of the same house."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Can you furnish any particulars of my countryman Richard?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Perthensis.</span></p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[Richard, Abbot of St. Victor, was born in the reign of David I. After
+  such education as Scotland afforded, in polite literature, the sacred
+  Scriptures, and mathematics, the principal objects of his early studies,
+  he went over to Paris. Here the fame of Hugh, Abbot of St. Victor,
+  induced him to settle in that monastery, to pursue his theological
+  studies. In 1164, upon the death of Hugh, he was chosen prior, which
+  office he filled for nine years with great wisdom and prudence. He died
+  March 10, 1173, and was buried in that monastery. He was the author of
+  several treatises on subjects of practical divinity, and on scripture
+  criticism, particularly on the description of Solomon's temple, Ezekiel's
+  temple, and on the apparent contradictions in the books of Kings and
+  Chronicles. They were all published at Paris in 1518 and 1540 in <!--
+  Page 353 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page353"></a>{353}</span>two
+  vols. folio, at Venice in 1692, at Cologne in 1621, and at Rouen in 1650,
+  which is reckoned the best edition. A summary account of his works is
+  given in Mackenzie's <i>Lives and Characters of Writers of the Scots
+  Nation</i>, vol i. p.&nbsp;147., edit. 1708.]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+  <p><i>St. Blase.</i>&mdash;In Norwich, every fifty years, the festival of
+  Bishop Blase is observed with great ceremony. What connexion had he with
+  that city?</p>
+
+  <p class="author">W. P. E.</p>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <p>[Norwich formerly abounded with woolcombers, who still esteem Bishop
+  Blase as their patron saint, probably from the <a
+  href="images/233_combe.png"><img src="images/233_combe.png"
+  class="middle" style="height:2ex" alt="Combe of Yren" /></a> with which
+  he was tortured previously to his martyrdom. "No other reason," says
+  Alban Butler, "than the great devotion of the people to this celebrated
+  martyr of the Church, seems to have given occasion to the woolcombers to
+  choose him the titular patron of their profession; on which account his
+  festival is still kept by them with a solemn guild at Norwich."]</p>
+
+</div>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Replies.</h2>
+
+<h3>LEICESTER AS RANGER OF SNOWDON.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. ix., p.&nbsp;125.)</p>
+
+  <p>In a note to Parry's <i>Royal Visits and Progresses in Wales</i>,
+  p.&nbsp;317., I find the following allusion to the circumstances mentioned in
+  <span class="sc">Elffin ap Gwyddno's</span> Query regarding Leicester's
+  Rangership of Snowdon, and the patriotic opposition offered to his
+  oppressions. I regret I am unable to afford the desired information
+  respecting the imprisonment of the Welsh gentleman in the Tower. Could
+  not this be furnished by some of your readers who have access to public
+  documents and records of the period? This imprisonment is not mentioned
+  either in the account I append, or in a longer one to be found in
+  Appendix XVI. vol. iii. of Pennant's <i>Tour in Wales</i>:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Among the Welsh nobility who formed a part of her Majesty's
+  household, were Sir Richard Bulkeley, Bart., and Mrs. Blanche Parry, both
+  of whom seem to have been brought up in the court from their infancy,
+  and, consequently, in great esteem with her Majesty; so much so, that the
+  Earl of Leicester, the Queen's favourite, began to be jealous of Sir
+  Richard: and with a view of having him removed from court, he made an
+  attempt to have him accused, upon false evidence, of treason. With this
+  wicked design, the Earl of Leicester informed her Majesty that the
+  council had been examining Sir Richard Bulkeley, and that they found him
+  a dangerous person; that he dwelt in a suspicious corner of the world,
+  and should be committed to the Tower. 'What! Sir Richard Bulkeley!' said
+  the Queen; 'he never intended us any harm. We have brought him up from a
+  boy, and have had special trial of his fidelity; ye shall not commit
+  him.' 'We have the care of your Majesty's person,' said the Earl, 'and
+  see more and hear more of the man than you do: he is of an aspiring mind,
+  and lives in a remote place.' 'Before God!' replied the Queen; 'we will
+  be sworn upon the Holy Evangelists, he never intended any harm.' And then
+  her Majesty ran to the Bible, and kissing it, said: 'You shall not commit
+  him; we have brought him up from a boy.' Sir Richard, however, was too
+  high-minded to suffer such an imputation to be laid to his character. He
+  insisted on an inquiry; during which it appeared, that Lord Dudley, Earl
+  of Leicester, had been appointed a ranger of the Royal Forest of Snowdon,
+  which, in the Queen's time, included some portion of Merioneth and
+  Anglesey. This nobleman's insolence to the inhabitants of the forest was
+  more than could be brooked. He tried to bring many freeholders' estates
+  within the boundary; juries were empannelled, but the commissioners
+  rejected their returns as unfavourable to the Earl. Those honest jurors,
+  however, persisted, and found a verdict for the country. But in the year
+  1538, he succeeded by a packed jury, who appeared in his livery, blue,
+  with ragged staves on the sleeves; men who, after this nefarious act,
+  were stigmatised with the title of 'The Black Jury who sold their
+  country.' Sir Richard Bulkeley, who, with Sir William Herbert and others,
+  superseded a prior commission, resisted this oppression with great
+  firmness, and laid those odious grievances before the Queen, whose regard
+  for her loyal subjects in Wales was evinced by the recalling of the first
+  commission, by proclamation at Westminster, in 1579. The Earl being
+  worsted, sought the life of Sir Richard by having him charged as above.
+  But this generous and patriotic nobleman, by his excellent and manly
+  conduct, overthrew every malevolent design of his enemy; and came out of
+  this fiery trial as clear as the pellucid crystal of Snowdon."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author">R. E. G. C.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>INMAN FAMILY.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. ix., p.&nbsp;198.)</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">A Subscriber</span> having challenged me by name to
+  assist him in resolving his "historic doubts," I hasten to afford him
+  what information I possess, conscious at the same time that I can add
+  little or nothing that will materially aid him in his investigation.</p>
+
+  <p>First, then, as to Owen Gam. This name savours strongly of the leek,
+  both Christian and surname being unequivocally British. <i>Gam</i>, in
+  Welsh, signifies the "one-eyed;" we may conclude, therefore, that this
+  gentleman, or one of his progenitors, had lost an eye in one of the frays
+  common in bygone days, and so acquired the appellation of <i>Gam</i>.
+  <span class="sc">A Subscriber</span> has omitted to give dates with his
+  Queries, and thus leaves us in the dark as to the precise period he
+  refers to; still, it may interest him to know that David Gam, a landed
+  proprietor of some importance in Herefordshire, temp. Henry IV. and V.,
+  who had married the sister of Owen Glyndwr, was discovered in an attempt
+  to assassinate his brother-in-law, the royal chieftain; and was, in
+  consequence, arrested <!-- Page 354 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page354"></a>{354}</span>and confined ten years in Owen's prison at
+  Llansaintffraid. He was afterwards released; and distinguished himself,
+  together with some near relatives, as Pennant relates, at the battle of
+  Agincourt, where he fell, pierced with wounds, while assisting in the
+  rescue of his royal master King Henry. Possibly, Owen Gam may have been a
+  descendant of this half-hero, half-assassin.</p>
+
+  <p>Llewellyn Clifford, again, is a name strongly suggestive of its
+  owner's connexion with Cambria. If <span class="sc">A Subscriber</span>
+  has exhausted the resources of the Clifford pedigrees, it were, I
+  suppose, useless to refer him to the ancestry of the defunct Earls of
+  Cumberland; and especially to that part of it represented by Sir Roger de
+  Clifford, of Clifford, co. Hereford, a famous soldier in the days of
+  Henry III. and Edward I. He accompanied the latter monarch in his inroads
+  into Wales, and fell in battle there, not far from Bangor, circa 1282-3,
+  leaving several children; one of the younger of whom I conjecture to have
+  been the father of the before-named Llewellyn Clifford. After having
+  subjugated the country, we can easily fancy the conquerors perpetuating
+  the event by naming certain of their posterity after the fallen prince
+  Llewellyn.</p>
+
+  <p>As for Sir William de Roas (or Ros), <span class="sc">A
+  Subscriber</span> is wrong in supposing his name to have been Ingman; for
+  although he resided at Ingmanthorpe, co. York, his surname, in common
+  with that of a long line of ancestry and descendants, was De Ros only. He
+  was the grandson of Robert de Ros, the founder of the two castles, Werke
+  and Hamlake, and one of the leaders of the baronial forces in their armed
+  opposition to the tyrant King John.</p>
+
+  <p>Before closing this communication, I would suggest to <span
+  class="sc">A Subscriber</span>, and to all others propounding
+  genealogical Queries, the absolute necessity of affixing <i>dates</i> to
+  their inquiries in every possible instance; as nothing is easier than to
+  go astray, sometimes for half-a-dozen generations, in fixing the identity
+  of a solitary individual.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. Hughes.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Chester.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>ROBERT DUDLEY, EARL OF LEICESTER.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. ix., pp. 105. 160.)</p>
+
+  <p>That this infamous man <i>did</i> die of poison, is, I believe, the
+  general opinion. The late Dr. Cooke Taylor has the following passage upon
+  the subject, in his <i>Romantic Biography of the Age of Elizabeth</i>,
+  vol. i. p.&nbsp;115.:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Nearly all the cotemporary writers assert that Leicester fell a
+  victim to poison; Naunton declares that he, by mistake, swallowed the
+  potion he had prepared for another person; and, as there can be no doubt
+  that the Earl was a poisoner of great eminence and success, the story is
+  far from being improbable. The Privy Council must have believed that his
+  death was not natural, for they minutely investigated a report that he
+  had been poisoned by the son of Sir James Crofts, in revenge for the
+  imprisonment of his father. Some suspicious circumstances were elicited
+  during the examination; but the matter was suddenly dropped, probably
+  because an inquiry into any one of the complicated intrigues of
+  Elizabeth's court would have involved too many persons of honour and
+  consequence."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Drummond of Hawthornden, in his <i>Notes of Conversations with Ben
+  Jonson</i>, has the following curious note:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The Earl of Leicester gave a bottle of liquor to his lady, which he
+  willed her to use in any faintness; which she, after his returne from
+  Court, not knowing it was poison, gave him, and so he died."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>This is a strong confirmation of the statement given by Sir Robert
+  Naunton.</p>
+
+  <p>In one of the many valuable notes appended by Dr. Bliss to the
+  <i>Athenæ Oxonienses</i>, is the following cotemporary narrative, copied
+  from a MS. memoranda on a copy of <i>Leicester's Ghost</i>:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The author (of the poem) hath omitted the end of the Earle, the which
+  may thus and truely be supplied. The Countesse Lettice fell in love with
+  Christopher Blunt, gent., of the Earle's horse; and they had many secret
+  meetings, and much wanton familiarity; the which being discovered by the
+  Earle, to prevent the pursuit thereof, when Generall of the Low
+  Countreys, hee tooke Blunt with him, and theire purposed to have him made
+  away: and for this plot there was a ruffian of Burgundy suborned, who,
+  watching him in one night going to his lodging at the Hage, followed him
+  and struck at his head with a halbert or battle-axe, intending to cleave
+  his head. But the axe glaunced, and withall pared off a great piece of
+  Blunt's skull, which was very dangerous and longe in healinge: but he
+  recovered, and after married the Countesse; who took this soe ill, as
+  that she, with Blunt, deliberated and resolved to dispatch the Earle. The
+  Earle, not patient of this soe greate wrong of his wife, purposed to
+  carry her to Kenilworth; and to leave here there untill her death by
+  naturall or by violent means, but rather by the last. The Countesse also
+  having a suspicion, or some secret intelligence of this treachery against
+  her, provided artificial meanes to prevent the Earle; which was by a
+  cordiall, the which she had no fit opportunity to offer him till he came
+  to Cornebury Hall, in Oxfordshire; where the Earle, after his gluttonous
+  manner, surfeiting with excessive eating and drinking, fell soe ill that
+  he was forced to stay there. Then the deadly cordiall was propounded unto
+  him by the Countesse; as Mr. William Haynes, sometimes the Earle's page,
+  and then gentleman of his bed-chamber, told me, who protested hee saw her
+  give that fatall cup to the Earle, which was his last draught, and an end
+  of his plott against the Countesse, and of his journey, and of himselfe;
+  and soe&mdash;<i>Fraudis fraude sua prenditur
+  artifex.</i>"&mdash;<i>Athenæ Oxon.</i>, vol. ii. col. 74, 75. note.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Edward F. Rimbault.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<p><!-- Page 355 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page355"></a>{355}</span></p>
+
+<h3>HARDMAN'S ACCOUNT OF WATERLOO.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p.&nbsp;199.; Vol. ix., p.&nbsp;176.)</p>
+
+  <p>I perfectly recollect reading, when a boy, a critique on this poem,
+  and being much amused thereby. The critique appeared in the <i>Literary
+  Gazette</i> or <i>Athenæum</i>, as well as I remember. I never saw the
+  poem, but I recollect some of the lines quoted, which went nearly as
+  follows:&mdash;</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p class="hg3">"The following morning, at break of day,</p>
+      <p>An orderly dragoon did come this way:</p>
+      <p>'Holloa! holloa! I say, give ear,</p>
+      <p>Is Adjutant Hardman quartered here?</p>
+      <p>Holloa! halloa! I am not wrong,</p>
+      <p>Is Adjutant Hardman here at home?'"</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>I merely quote from memory and hope, therefore, that any deviations
+  from the original may be pardoned.</p>
+
+  <p>Lieutenant (Brevet Captain) Hardman, if not a first-rate poet, is a
+  gallant soldier, and I rejoice to see his name in the <i>Army List</i>
+  for March, 1854. I cannot ascertain at what period he joined the army,
+  but he was present at the cavalry engagements of Sahagun and Benevente,
+  on December 20th and 27th, 1808, on the retreat of Sir John Moore's army
+  to Coruña, for which he is decorated with a Peninsula medal. For his
+  bravery as a non-commissioned officer he was promoted, May 19, 1813, to a
+  cornetcy in the royal wagon train; and was transferred, August 12
+  following, to the 23rd Light Dragoons, and was same day appointed
+  Regimental Adjutant of that corps. On the almost total change of officers
+  that took place in the 10th Hussars, owing to the quarrels of Colonels
+  Quentin and Palmer, Lieutenant Hardman succeeded Captain Bromley, on
+  December 15, 1814, as Lieutenant and Adjutant in the corps in which he
+  had commenced his military career; a sufficient proof of his having been
+  a zealous, active, and efficient non-commissioned officer, when serving
+  as such in the regiment. He embarked at Ramsgate with the service
+  squadrons of his regiment in April, 1815, and landed at Ostend, whence
+  the 10th regiment proceeded to Brussels: it was present at Quatre Bras,
+  although not engaged with the enemy: and at Waterloo it behaved with the
+  greatest gallantry, and lost two officers, nineteen soldiers, and
+  fifty-one horses killed, in addition to six officers and twenty-six men
+  wounded. Lieutenant Hardman's position as adjutant necessarily kept him
+  in the vicinity of his commanding officers, Col. Quentin and Major
+  Howard; therefore he was an eye-witness of poor Howard's death.
+  Lieutenant Hardman received the Waterloo medal. The 10th Hussars landed
+  at Ramsgate, from Boulogne, in January, 1816, and marched to Brighton,
+  where Lieutenant Hardman resigned the adjutantcy, February 8, 1816, and
+  exchanged to half-pay of the regiment, June 6, same year, since which
+  period he has not served upon full pay.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">G. L. S.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>CHURCHES IN "DOMESDAY BOOK."</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., p.&nbsp;151.)</p>
+
+  <p>A. W. H. says, "In the case of many parishes it is stated [in
+  <i>Domesday Book</i>], that there was a church there: is it considered
+  <i>conclusive</i> authority that there was not one, if it is not
+  mentioned in <i>Domesday Book</i>?" This question has, I doubt not, often
+  engaged the attention of antiquaries; and I am somewhat surprised that
+  the Query has elicited no reply. The conclusion has often been drawn
+  that, no church being mentioned, none existed before the survey. It would
+  appear this conclusion has been an erroneous one. In the last volume
+  issued by the Chetham Society (<i>Documents relating to the Priory of
+  Penwortham, and other Possessions in Lancashire of the Abbey of
+  Evesham</i>, edited by W.&nbsp;A. Hulton, Esq.) that point is ably discussed;
+  and as Mr. Hulton's views on a subject of so much interest cannot but be
+  valuable, I venture to extract them, as worthy of a place in "N. &amp;
+  Q." He says:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Donations of churches with tithes are made directly after the survey
+  of <i>Domesday</i> was taken. And yet that survey is entirely silent as
+  to their existence. Similar omissions have given rise to doubts, whether
+  the institution of our parochial economy had been carried out to its full
+  extent previous to the Conquest, and whether we are not indebted to the
+  Normans for its full perfection. Such doubts are unfounded.... There is
+  nothing in <i>Domesday</i> to justify the doubts alluded to. A
+  consideration of the objects of that survey will dissipate them: the
+  purpose was principally financial. It was directed so as to obtain a
+  correct account of the taxable property within the kingdom. And it was
+  immaterial whether the proceeds were paid altogether to the owner, or a
+  definite portion was diverted into other channels. Therefore those
+  churches which were endowed only with tithes of the surrounding
+  districts, as Eccleston and Croston, Penwortham and Leyland, in Leyland
+  Hundred, and Rochdale and Eccles, in Salford Hundred, were unnoticed,
+  although the two first-named churches were granted by Roger de Poictou,
+  with their tithes and other appurtenances, to the Priory of Lancaster;
+  and the pages of the <i>Coucher Book of Whalley</i> prove the two latter
+  churches to have existed at a date perhaps anterior to the Conquest. But
+  the case was different when a church was endowed with glebe-land. Such a
+  church appeared in the light of a landowner, and in that character is its
+  existence notified. Thus, in modern Lancashire, south of the Ribble, the
+  churches of Wigan and Winwick, Childwall, Walton, Warrington, Manchester,
+  Blackburn, and Whalley are expressly named in <i>Domesday</i>, but
+  invariably in connexion with the ownership of land. It seems clear,
+  therefore, that the silence of <i>Domesday</i> cannot be urged as a proof
+  of the <!-- Page 356 --><span class="pagenum"><a
+  name="page356"></a>{356}</span>non-existence of a church, or of the
+  subsequent grant of those rights and privileges by which its due
+  efficiency is maintained."&mdash;<i>Introd.</i>, p.&nbsp;xxiii.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Wm. Dobson.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Preston.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>MEMOIRS OF GRAMMONT.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., pp. 461. 549.; Vol. ix., pp. 3. 204.)</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Ceste noble race de Grantmont."&mdash;<i>Brantôme.</i></p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The following are some of the principal events in the life of the
+  Chevalier de Grammont.</p>
+
+  <p>He was born in the year 1621, probably at the family seat of Bidache,
+  in Gascony.</p>
+
+  <p>He was sent to the college at Pau in Béarn, the nearest university to
+  the family residence. His studies here did not much benefit him; and
+  although intended for the church, we find him at a later period actually
+  highly commending the Lord's Prayer, and seriously inquiring by whom it
+  was written. On his declining a clerical life, he was sent to the French
+  army in Piedmont in 1643. He served under his brother, the Marshal, and
+  the Prince de Condé; and was present at the three battles of Fribourg on
+  the 3rd, 5th, and 9th Aug. 1644; and at that of Nordlinguen on the 3rd
+  Aug. 1645. It was at the battle of Fribourg that the Prince de Condé,
+  having failed in his first attack on the enemy, got off horseback, and
+  placed himself at the head of the regiment of Conti, whilst all the
+  officers and volunteers alighted also, amongst whom is mentioned the
+  Chevalier de Grammont; and this reassuring the soldiers, they charged the
+  enemy, who fled into a wood under favour of the approaching night. At
+  Nordlinguen, the Marshal de Grammont was taken prisoner, and nearly
+  murdered by the Germans, to revenge the death of their General, the great
+  Mercy, who was slain in the battle. The Marshal was subsequently
+  exchanged against Gen. Gleen.</p>
+
+  <p>In 1647 Grammont served again under his brother and the Prince de
+  Condé in Spain: and in 1648 he was present with them at the battle of
+  Lens on the 20th Aug., where the Archduke Leopold and General Beck were
+  totally defeated in Flanders.</p>
+
+  <p>The troubles of the Fronde now commenced; and in the first instance
+  Grammont zealously attached himself to the prince. In Dec. 1649, he
+  tested the accuracy of the report that it was intended to assassinate the
+  prince by sending his own coach with the prince's liveries over the Pont
+  Neuf, to see what would occur. The result was, the coach was fired at;
+  but, as no one was in it, the would-be assassins did no harm. During the
+  imprisonment of the princes, Grammont, with others, joined the Spanish
+  army which had advanced into Picardy, in consequence of the treaty the
+  Duchesse de Longueville and Turenne had made with the King of Spain.</p>
+
+  <p>We do not find when Grammont left the prince's party; the prince
+  himself admitted it was with honour. He seems to have connected himself
+  with Gaston, Duke of Orleans; and is styled about this time by "la Grande
+  Mademoiselle" as one of her father's gentlemen. She also relates that
+  when the royal forces threatened Orleans, the inhabitants sent to the
+  duke for succour, and he sent the Count de Fiesque and Mons. de Grammont,
+  who appeased their fears. The duke also advised his daughter to take the
+  opinion of Fiesque and Grammont in all matters, as they had been in
+  Orleans long enough to know what ought to be done. When Mademoiselle was
+  trying to effect an entrance into the city, Grammont incited the
+  inhabitants to assist in breaking open a gate, which the authorities,
+  under fear of the royal displeasure, were afraid to direct. The gate was
+  broken open, and she was borne in triumph along the streets.</p>
+
+  <p>It was probably at this period that Grammont sighed for the Countess
+  de Fiesque (about whom he, and his nephew the Count de Guiche,
+  quarrelled); as Mademoiselle, in her <i>Memoirs</i>, relates that, in the
+  year 1656, on her interview with Christina, Queen of Sweden, she
+  presented to her, amongst others, the Countess de Fiesque, one of her
+  ladies of honour. The Queen observed: "The Countess de Fiesque is not so
+  beautiful as to have made so much noise; is the Chevalier de Grammont
+  still in love with her?"</p>
+
+  <p>In 1654 Grammont accompanied the Court to Peronne; where they
+  anxiously awaited Turenne's attempt to force the Prince de Condé's lines
+  at Arras, as related in the <i>Memoirs</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>On the 25th Nov. 1655, Madame de Sevigné writes to Bussi-Rabutin,
+  relating an anecdote in which Grammont was a party.</p>
+
+  <p>Madame de Motteville relates that Queen Christina rallied the
+  Chevalier de Grammont on the passion he had then for the Duchesse de
+  Merc&oelig;ur, one of Cardinal Mazarin's nieces; and spared him only on
+  account of the utter hopelessness of it.</p>
+
+  <p>It is about this period we are inclined to place Grammont's first
+  visit to England; where curiosity, Hamilton informs us, drew him to see
+  so remarkable a character as Cromwell; but this visit will be a good
+  starting-place for the next Number.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">W. H. Lammin.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Fulham.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>CELTIC AND LATIN LANGUAGES.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">(Vol. viii., pp. 174. 280. 353.; Vol. ix., p.&nbsp;14.)</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Professor F. W. Newman, in his little work entitled <i>Regal
+  Rome</i>, maintains that the old languages of Italy, especially the
+  Umbrian and Sabine, contained a striking predominance of Celtic
+  ingredients, and he wishes to show that this is still evident even in the
+  Latin of Cicero. His proof rests on vocabularies (pp. 19&mdash;26.),
+  especially in regard to the military, political, and <!-- Page 357
+  --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page357"></a>{357}</span>religious
+  words which he supposes the Romans derived from the Sabines (p.&nbsp;61.).
+  With regard to these lists, I have to observe, that while all that is
+  valid in the comparison merely gives the Indo-Germanic of the Celtic
+  languages&mdash;a fact beyond dispute&mdash;Mr. Newman takes no pains to
+  discriminate between the marks of an original identity of root, and those
+  words which the Celts of Britain derived from their Roman
+  conquerors."&mdash;Donaldson's <i>Varronianus</i>, p.&nbsp;64.</p>
+
+  <p>"It is to be remarked, that almost <i>all the words</i> of the British
+  tongue agree either with the Greek or Latin. It is this strong similarity
+  of features between their own language and those of Greece and Italy,
+  that has induced so many of my countrymen to claim for it the honour of
+  being the mother-tongue of all, and to scorn all examination which did
+  not commence with this confession. Even the late learned Dr. Owen Pugh
+  has, in his <i>Dictionary</i>, by arbitrarily selecting certain syllables
+  as the roots of all Cumrian words, done much to foster this overweening
+  conceit. The system was carried to its extreme point of absurdity by the
+  Rev. Edward Davies, who by the help of such syllables expected to unravel
+  the mysteries of all languages. This failure has I hope paved the way for
+  the more sober consideration of the question, which, if worked out
+  fairly, will in my opinion establish the claim of the Cumrian tongue, if
+  not to be the mother of all tongues, at least to be a valuable branch of
+  the Caucasian tree of languages. Now, had the two races, the Roman and
+  Cumrian, remained always separate, a comparative etymology would have
+  been an easy task; for no more would be necessary than to put the similar
+  roots, having the same meaning, side by side. But, unfortunately for the
+  scholar who undertakes to prove the question, the Romans were in this
+  island four hundred years, colonised it partly, and partly gave it their
+  own form of civilisation. As before mentioned, the inhabitants adopted
+  with avidity the Roman dress, language, and literature. That language
+  must therefore be supposed to have entered deeply into the composition of
+  the present Cumrian tongue. The sceptical examiner may therefore
+  reasonably object, that any similarity between the two languages might
+  have originated in the adoption of that of Rome by the British
+  provincials. In answer to this I refer in the first place to Lloyd's
+  reasoning, quoted in the note," viz. that the same similarity exists
+  between the Latin and the Erse [see Newman, in the <i>Classical
+  Museum</i>, vol. vi.]. "In the second place to the fact, that Wales and
+  Cornwall do not appear to have been occupied, like the rest of England,
+  by the Romans."... "Still, however, the long residence of the Romans in
+  the island, with the known influence always produced by such a state of
+  things, renders every statement grounded on the similarity alone of the
+  languages of the two races, the conquered and the conquerors, liable to
+  suspicion. I have therefore been compelled to enter upon an exceedingly
+  difficult investigation, which, if successful, must prove the radical
+  identity of the Latin and Cumrian tongues. The proof is this: If there
+  are derivative words in the Latin, of which we must seek the primitives
+  in the Cumrian, and if these primitives be shown to furnish an
+  explanation of many words before inexplicable on etymological principles.
+  For example, if the word 'to tread' under various forms be found, with
+  the meaning 'to trample with the feet,' in most of the western languages
+  of Europe, and have no noun to base itself upon in these languages, and
+  yet the noun 'traed the feet' be found in one of them, the inference is
+  irresistible that the verb in all its forms was derived from this root.
+  To deny this would be equivalent to a denial that the Latin verb
+  <i>calcare</i> came from <i>calx</i>, 'the heel.' In the following list,
+  such words alone, with a few exceptions for the sake of etymological
+  illustration, have been introduced. It might have been indefinitely
+  extended, but the difficulty was to confine the examples within moderate
+  limits."&mdash;Williams on <i>One Source of the Non-Hellenic Portion of
+  the Latin Language</i>.<a name="footnotetag2"
+  href="#footnote2"><sup>[2]</sup></a></p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>This eminent scholar supplies sixty-two, with explanatory notes, and
+  subjoins a list of sixty-three. Under the example "Occo, occare, <i>to
+  harrow</i>," he observes:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Persons who wish to draw subtle inferences say that all the terms of
+  the Romans connected with agriculture may be referred to a Greek source,
+  while the terms expressive of war and hunting are non-Hellenic. The
+  induction fails completely in both parts, as might easily be shown. When
+  Cæsar landed in Britain, the natives were agriculturists, densely
+  planted. And Halley proved, that the harvest which Cæsar's soldiers
+  reaped had ripened at the average period of a Kentish harvest in his
+  days. Assuredly then the Britons had not the agricultural names to learn
+  from the Romans of an after age."</p>
+
+  <p>"I begin," says Newman, "with the country and domestic animals, which
+  will show how very far from the truth Niebuhr was, when he imagined that
+  in words connected with 'the gentler pursuits of life' the Roman language
+  has peculiarly extensive agreement with the Hellenic."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>When your correspondent T. H. T. says&mdash;</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Professor Newman, in his <i>Regal Rome</i>, has drawn attention to
+  the subject; but his induction does not appear sufficiently extensive to
+  warrant any decisive conclusion respecting the position the Celtic holds
+  as an element of the Latin,"&mdash;</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>he could not have known that the same writer has, in the sixth volume
+  of the <i>Classical Museum</i>, continued the comparison at great length;
+  and as that work falls into the hands of but few, I shall transcribe some
+  passages which may throw light on the subject:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"It has for some years been recognised, at least by several English
+  scholars, that there is a remarkable similarity between the Celtic
+  languages and Latin. In the case of Welsh it was, I believe, at first
+  supposed that the words must have been introduced by the Roman dominion
+  in Britain; but when the likeness was found to exist in the Erse, and
+  that the Erse was even more like to Latin (as regards the consonants)
+  than the Welsh is, this idea of course fell to <!-- Page 358 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page358"></a>{358}</span>the ground. The scholar
+  and physiologist, who pressed into notice the strong similarities of the
+  Celtic to the European languages, and claimed a place for Celtic within
+  that group, Dr. Prichard, has naturally fixed his attention with so much
+  strength on the <i>primitive</i> relations of all these tongues, as to be
+  jealous and suspicious of an argument, which alleges that the one has
+  borrowed from the other. Some ten years ago, by his favour, I read a MS.
+  of a vocabulary (the composition of Dr. Stratton, formerly of Aberdeen),
+  which compared the Gaelic with the Latin tongue in alphabetical order
+  without comment or development. From this vocabulary Prichard gives an
+  extract in his chapter on the Italian nations, and finds it entirely to
+  confirm his views that the Roman language has not suffered any larger
+  admixture by a foreign action. What is or was Dr. Stratton's opinion, I
+  never heard. His vocabulary first suggested to me the value of this
+  inquiry, and that is all. Having now been led to a fuller examination of
+  the Welsh and Gaelic dictionaries, I find not only a far greater
+  abundance of material (especially in the Welsh) than I could have
+  imagined; but also, that by grouping words aright, conclusions result
+  such as I had not expected, and adverse to those of Dr. Prichard."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Professor Newman, as T. H. T. has observed, confined himself to a
+  tabular view of Celtic and Latin words; but the grammatical structure and
+  formal development of the two languages have not been overlooked in the
+  philological literature of England. These interesting inquiries have been
+  pursued by Dr. Prichard, in his elaborate treatise on the <i>Eastern
+  Origin of the Celtic Nations</i>, and the Rev. W.&nbsp;D. Conybeare, (in his
+  <i>Theological Lectures delivered in Bristol College in 1831-33</i>) has
+  shown that it is by thus analysing the grammatical structure, which forms
+  the very skeleton of languages, rather than by confining our attention to
+  mere vocabularies, that we may best detect their true affinities, and has
+  illustrated this doctrine by a few Welsh examples. In the <i>West of
+  England Archæological Journal</i> is exhibited (I believe by the same
+  author) the identity of verbal forms in the Welsh and Latin
+  languages.</p>
+
+  <p>Nevertheless, Archdeacon Williams maintains that two languages may
+  have a common vocabulary, but different grammars<a name="footnotetag3"
+  href="#footnote3"><sup>[3]</sup></a>:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The Latin language, whether from Pelasgic or Achæan influence,
+  adopted at an early period the Hellenic grammar; and, under the skilful
+  hands of the bilingual Ennius, became that polished interpreter of
+  thought, which yields in regularity and majesty to the Greek alone. The
+  Cumri either retained, which is more probable, a still more ancient, or
+  invented a grammar, now peculiar to themselves. This, although it be
+  simple and scientific in the highest degree, is so completely at variance
+  with all the other grammars of the civilised world, that scholars who
+  have to acquire it late in life feel the strongest repugnance to its
+  forms and principles, and are tempted to regard a language more fixed and
+  unchangeable in its principles than any other existing, as more slippery
+  and grasp-escaping than the Proteus of the Grecian mythology."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>Since I wrote these extracts, I have been much gratified by the
+  perusal of Archdeacon Williams's <i>Gomer</i>, which I recommend to all
+  interested in this inquiry.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p><span class="sc">Bibliothecar. Chetham.</span></p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+<div class="note">
+  <a name="footnote2"></a><b>Footnote 2:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag2">(return)</a>
+  <p>In <i>Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh</i>, vol.
+  xiii.</p>
+
+  <a name="footnote3"></a><b>Footnote 3:</b><a
+  href="#footnotetag3">(return)</a>
+  <p>In his <i>Gomer</i> he shows that the Latin and Cymraeg display great
+  similarity in the tenses of the substantive verb.</p>
+
+</div>
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.</h3>
+
+  <p><i>Box Sawdust for Collodion.</i>&mdash;The following will be of some
+  use to your photographic readers:</p>
+
+  <p><span class="correction" title="Original reads `It find'.">I
+  find</span> that, by treating box sawdust with nitric and sulphuric acid
+  (in the same manner as cotton), and then dissolving it in ether, it gives
+  a far more sensitive collodion than either cotton or paper, and the
+  pictures produced by it are of unequalled brilliancy.</p>
+
+  <p>Can you inform me whether portraits can be taken <i>for sale</i>, by
+  the collodion process, without infringing upon the patents?</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Chas. Whitworth.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Henrietta St., Birmingham.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Proportions of Chlorides and Silver.</i>&mdash;I trust you will
+  allow me space in your valuable work for some remarks in reference to an
+  important photographic query, viz. What are the proportions of chlorides
+  and silver uniformly suited to give the best positive pictures?</p>
+
+  <p>I am led to propose this subject for the consideration of practical
+  photographists, and, if possible, that amateurs may arrive at something
+  like a rule to guide them in printing positives that will please.</p>
+
+  <p>The necessity of these remarks, to me at least, appear very evident
+  from the wide space which stands between the proportions proposed by
+  various operators. <span class="sc">Mr. Lyte</span>, "N. &amp; Q.," Vol.
+  ix., p.&nbsp;158., says 42 grains of chloride and 100 grains of silver to 1
+  oz. of water. <span class="sc">Mr. Pollock</span>, "N. &amp;Q.," Vol.
+  vii., p.&nbsp;588., says 20 grains chloride, and 90 grains of silver to the
+  ounce. <span class="sc">Mr. Hockin</span> has 10 grains chloride, silver
+  60. <span class="sc">Mr. Delamotte</span>, for albumenized paper,
+  chloride 60 grains, silver 120. <span class="sc">Mr. Thornthwaite</span>
+  begins as low as chloride ½ grain, and silver 30 grains; and lastly,
+  amidst a long range of proportions, from 1 grain of chloride to the
+  ounce, and silver 20 grains to the ounce, <span class="sc">Dr.
+  Diamond</span>, a great authority in photography, assures all that the
+  best results can be obtained by using of chloride 5 grains to the ounce,
+  and of silver 40 grains to the ounce. If so, let the photographic world
+  know that the latter proportions are sufficient, and the others needless,
+  wasteful, and expensive without cause. I trust you agree with me in
+  thinking that it would be of use to a large number of beginners to have
+  the proportions best suited for printing positives defined as near as
+  possible, and not be left to guess at proportions varying from ½ grain to
+  60 grains, and from 20 to 120. I have written hurriedly, and hope you
+  will see the object I aim at.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Amateur.</span></p>
+
+<p><!-- Page 359 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page359"></a>{359}</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Photographic Copies of Rembrandt.</i>&mdash;The extreme rarity and
+  great pecuniary value of many of Rembrandt's finest etchings are
+  doubtless well known to many of our readers, as being such as to put
+  these master-pieces of art beyond the reach of ordinary purchasers. This
+  series of works, calculated beyond all others of their kind to delight
+  the possessor, will however, thanks to photography, soon be obtainable by
+  all admirers of the great master. Two distinguished French photographers,
+  the brothers MM. Bisson, have succeeded in obtaining, by means of this
+  wonderful art, copies of a fidelity attainable by no other process: so
+  that the wondrous lights, shades, half-tones, and chiaro-obscuro, for
+  which Rembrandt is so remarkable, are preserved in all their original
+  beauty. The plates will be accompanied by descriptive letter-press, and
+  by a Biography of Rembrandt from the pen of M. Charles Blanc. As the
+  works are so numerous, the first series will consist of forty plates, to
+  be issued in ten livraisons, each containing four plates, price twenty
+  francs; a very moderate sum, if we remember that among the works thus to
+  be issued, at a cost of five francs each, will be found copies of such
+  gems as the <i>Avocat Tolling</i> and the <i>Pièce de Cent
+  Florins</i>.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Coloured Photographs.</i>&mdash;I have lately seen, and very much
+  admired, some specimens of photographic coloured portraits. They have all
+  the broad effect of the great masters perfectly in detail, and none of
+  the niggling effect of many coloured photographs, which are in fact
+  specimens of miniature painting rather than photography&mdash;the outline
+  alone being given by the photographic art. The specimens I refer to
+  appear to have been soaked in oil, or some transparent varnish, and then
+  coloured in separate tints, probably from the back; the shadows being
+  <i>entirely</i> photographic. It is evident they are quickly and easily
+  executed; but I am desirous of knowing the exact process, and shall be
+  much obliged for information on the subject.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">An Amateur.</span></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Replies to Minor Queries.</h2>
+
+  <p><i>Dr. Eleazar Duncon</i> (Vol. ix., pp. 56. 184.).&mdash;Dr. Eleazar
+  Duncon, and his brother Mr. John Duncon, are mentioned in Barnabas Oley's
+  Preface to George Herbert's <i>Country Parson</i>, as having "died before
+  the miracle of our happy Restoration." There was another brother, Mr.
+  Edmund Duncon, rector of Fryarn Barnet, in the county of Middlesex; sent
+  by Mr. Farrer to visit George Herbert, during his last illness.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">E. H. A.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Christian Names</i> (Vol. vii., pp. 406. 488. 626.).&mdash;The
+  earliest instance I have yet met with, of an individual with two
+  Christian names, occurs in the compulsory cession of the Abbey of Vale
+  Royal to King Henry VIII.; the deed conveying which is still extant in
+  the Augmentation Office. It is in Latin, and signed by John Harwood the
+  Abbot, Alexander Sedon the Prior, <i>William Brenck Harrysun</i>, and
+  twelve other monks of the Abbey. Vale Royal Abbey is now the seat of Lord
+  Delamere, into whose family it came by purchase in 1616, from the
+  descendant of Sir Thomas Holcroft, the original grantee from the
+  crown.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. Hughes.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Chester.</p>
+
+  <p>I send you a much earlier instance of two Christian names than any
+  that has hitherto been given in your pages. Henry Prince of Wales, son of
+  King Henry IV., was baptized by the names Henry Frederick. Vide Camden's
+  <i>Remains</i>, 4to., 1605. I have not a reference to the page.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">C. de D.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Abigail</i> (Vol. iv., pp. 424., &amp;c.; Vol. viii.,
+  p.&nbsp;653.).&mdash;Your recent correspondents on this subject do not appear
+  to have met with the passage in which I mentioned, that since putting the
+  question, I had found that a waiting-maid in Beaumont and Fletcher's
+  comedy of <i>The Scornful Lady</i> was named Abigail; and that, as the
+  play appeared to have been a favourite one, the application of the name
+  to the class generally was probably owing to it. In the absence of any
+  proof of its having been previously used in this sense, I still continue
+  to think that this conjecture was well founded. Considering the terms on
+  which Dean Swift was with the Mashams, he was the last person in the
+  world to have used such a term, unless it had been so long in familiar
+  use as to be deprived of all appearance of personal allusion to them.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. S. Warden.</span></p>
+
+  <p>"<i>Begging the question</i>" (Vol. viii., p.&nbsp;640.).&mdash;This phrase
+  is identical with that of "petitio principii," a figure of speech well
+  known both to logicians and mathematicians, <i>i.&nbsp;e.</i> assuming a point
+  as proved, and reasoning upon it as such, which has in fact not been
+  proved.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. S. Warden.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Russian Emperors</i> (Vol. ix., p.&nbsp;222.).&mdash;I am informed by a
+  late resident in Russia that the rumour to which <span class="sc">Mr.
+  Crosfield</span> refers has no foundation. I am farther informed,
+  however, that after a twenty-five years' reign the monarch has even more
+  absolute and despotic authority than before the lapse of that time. I
+  hope this subject may be well ventilated, as considerable misapprehension
+  exists about it.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">John Scribe.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Garble</i> (Vol. ix., p.&nbsp;243.).&mdash;Your correspondent E. S. T.
+  T. was mistaken when he said that the "corrupt" meaning of the word
+  <i>garble</i> is now the only one ever used. In proof of this I would
+  give one instance, familiar to me, in which it still retains its "good"
+  signification. In "working" cochineal, spices, and other similar
+  merchandise at the warehouse in which they are stored upon their arrival
+  in this country, the operation of <!-- Page 360 --><span
+  class="pagenum"><a name="page360"></a>{360}</span>sifting and separating
+  the good from the bad is termed <i>garbling</i>: the word being here
+  employed in the very same sense as in the examples quoted by E.&nbsp;S.&nbsp;T.&nbsp;T.,
+  illustrative of its original meaning, and which sense he erroneously
+  stated it no longer possessed.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">R. V. T.</p>
+
+  <p class="address">Mincing Lane.</p>
+
+  <p>I cannot agree with your correspondent E. S. T. T., that a corruption
+  of meaning has taken place in this word; and that whereas it originally
+  meant a selection of the good and a discarding of the bad parts of
+  anything, its present meaning, is exactly the reverse of this. Its
+  original signification is correctly stated: the garbling of spices,
+  drugs, &amp;c., meant the selection of the good and the rejection of the
+  bad. But the garbling of a passage cited as a testimony is a precisely
+  analogous process. The person who garbles the passage omits those parts
+  which can be used against his view, and adduces only those parts which
+  support his conclusion. He selects the parts which are good, and rejects
+  those which are bad, <i>for his purpose</i>. When a passage is said to be
+  garbled, it is always implied that the person who quotes it has
+  suppressed a portion which tells against himself; but that portion is, so
+  far as he is concerned, the <i>bad</i>, not the <i>good</i> portion. The
+  secondary and metaphorical is therefore precisely analogous to the
+  primary and literal sense of the word, and not the reverse of it.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">L.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Electric Telegraph</i> (Vol. ix., p.&nbsp;270.).&mdash;As every new
+  attempt to improve this invaluable invention, and to extend its use, is
+  of world-wide importance, the following extract from <i>La Presse</i>, a
+  French newspaper of March 23rd, will excite inquiry:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"On écrit de Berne, le 17 Mars, MM. Brunner et Hipp, directeurs des
+  télégraphes électriques de la Suisse, viennent d'inventer un appareil
+  portatif à l'aide duquel, en l'appliquant à un point quelconque des fils
+  télégraphiques, on peut transmettre une dépêche. L'essai de cet appareil
+  a été fait à deux lieues de Berne, dans un lieu où il n'existe aucune
+  section de télégraphie."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>The writer goes on to say that the experiment had been tested with
+  success on the lines to Zurich, Basle, Geneva, &amp;c.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. Macray.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Oxford.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Butler's "Lives of the Saints"</i> (Vol. viii., p.387.).&mdash;The
+  inquiry respecting the various editions of this valuable work not having
+  yet received any answer, the following information may in some degree
+  satisfy the inquirer. The first edition of the Rev. Alban Butler's
+  <i>Lives of the Saints</i> was published in the author's lifetime, at
+  various intervals from 1754 to 1759, when the last of the four volumes
+  appeared, of which the edition was composed. Part II. of vol. iii. is now
+  before me, with the date 1758. No other edition appeared till after the
+  death of the learned and pious author, which took place in 1773.</p>
+
+  <p>The second edition was undertaken by the most Rev. Dr. Carpenter,
+  Roman Catholic Archbishop of Dublin, and appeared in 12 vols. in 1779. It
+  is stated in the title-page to be "corrected and enlarged from the
+  author's own MS." It did contain all the notes omitted in the previous
+  edition, and other matter prepared by the author. The third edition was
+  published in Scotland, and other editions followed; but I am unable to
+  give any particulars of them. But the splendid stereotype edition,
+  published in London by Murphy, in 1812, in 12 vols., is by far the best
+  ever produced, or ever likely to appear. Since this there have been other
+  editions; one in 2 vols., published in Ireland, and a cheap edition in 12
+  small vols., printed at Derby; but they deserve little notice.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">F. C. H.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Anticipatory Use of the Cross</i> (Vol. viii.
+  <i>passim</i>).&mdash;In answer to particular inquiry, I have been
+  furnished by a resident in Macao with an answer, of which the following
+  is the substance:&mdash;The cross is commonly used in China, and consists
+  of any flat boards of sufficient size, the upright shaft being usually
+  eight to ten feet high. The transverse bar is fixed by a single nail or
+  rivet, and is therefore often loose, and may be made sometimes to
+  traverse a complete circle. It is not so much an instrument of punishment
+  in itself, as it is an operation-board whereon to confine the criminal,
+  not with nails, but ropes, to undergo&mdash;as in the case of a woman
+  taken in adultery&mdash;the cutting away of the flesh from the bosom. He
+  adds, that he has witnessed such punishment, and he has no doubt that the
+  cross has been used in this way in China immemorially. Any of your
+  correspondents will much oblige me by correcting or confirming this
+  statement from positive testimony.</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">T. J. Buckton.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Lichfield.</p>
+
+  <p><i>The Marquis of Granby</i> (Vol. ix., p.&nbsp;127.).&mdash;A portrait of
+  this nobleman constitutes the sign of a public-house at Doncaster, and of
+  another at Bawtry, nine miles from that town. His lordship, it is said,
+  occasionally occupied Carr House, near the former place, as a hunting-box
+  in the middle of the last century. As an instance of his lordship's
+  popularity, I may here add, that out of compliment to him, and for his
+  greater convenience in hunting, at a period when there was a considerable
+  extent of uninclosed and undrained country around Doncaster, the
+  corporation directed several banks and passages to be made on their
+  estate at Rossington; and in 1752, that body likewise presented the
+  Marquis with the freedom of the borough.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">C. J.</p>
+
+<p><!-- Page 361 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page361"></a>{361}</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Irish Letters</i> (Vol. ix., p.&nbsp;246).&mdash;The following
+  inscription on the monument of Lugnathan, nephew of St. Patrick, at
+  Inchaguile, in Lough Corrib, co. Galway, is supposed to be the most
+  ancient in Ireland:</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><span class="scac">"LIE LUGNAEDON MACC LMENUEH."</span><br />
+"The stone of Lugnaodon, son of Limenueh."</p>
+
+  <p>The oldest Irish manuscript is the Book of Armagh, which contains a
+  copy of the Gospels, and some very old lives of St. Patrick. (See
+  O'Donovan's <i>Irish Grammar</i>, Dublin, 1845, p.&nbsp;lii.)</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Thompson Cooper.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Cambridge.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Rev. John Cawley</i> (Vol. ix., p.&nbsp;247.).&mdash;In reply to the
+  inquiry of C. T. R., What is the authority for stating that the Rev. John
+  Cawley, rector of Didcot, was a son of Cawley the regicide? I send you
+  the following extract from Wood's <i>Athenæ</i> (Bliss's edition), vol.
+  iv. col. 580.:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"John Cawley, son of Will. Cawley of the city of Chichester, gent.,
+  was, by the endeavours of his father, made Fellow of All Souls' College
+  (from that of Magdalen) by the visitors appointed by Parliament, anno
+  1649; took the degrees in arts, that of Master being completed in 1654;
+  and whether he became a preacher soon after, without any orders conferred
+  on him by a bishop, I cannot tell. Sure I am, that after his Majesty's
+  restoration, he became a great loyalist, disowned the former actions of
+  his father, who had been one of the judges of King Charles I.; when he
+  was tryed for his life by a pretended court of justice, rayled at him
+  (being then living in a skulking condition beyond sea); and took all
+  opportunities to free himself from having any hand or anything to do in
+  the times of usurpation. About which time, having married one of the
+  daughters of Mr. Pollard of Newnham Courtney, he became rector of Dedcot,
+  or Dudcot, in Berkshire; rector of Henley in Oxfordshire; and in the
+  beginning of March, 1666, Archdeacon of Lincoln."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span title="Halieus." class="grk">&#x1F09;&lambda;&iota;&epsilon;&#x1F7B;&sigmaf;.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Dublin.</p>
+
+  <p><i>New Zealander and Westminster Bridge</i> (Vol. ix., pp. 74.
+  159.).&mdash;Your correspondents have traced this celebrated passage to a
+  letter from Horace Walpole to Sir H. Mann, and to passages in poems by
+  Mrs. Barbauld and Kirke White. It appears to me that the following
+  extract from the Preface to P.&nbsp;B. Shelley's <i>Peter Bell the Third</i>,
+  has more resemblance to it. It is addressed to Moore:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Hoping that the immortality which you have given to the Fudges you
+  will receive from them; and in the firm expectation, that when London
+  shall be an habitation of bitterns, when St. Paul's and Westminster Abbey
+  shall stand shapeless and nameless ruins, in the midst of an unpeopled
+  marsh; when the piers of Westminster Bridge shall become the nuclei of
+  islets of reeds and osiers, and cast the jagged shadows of their broken
+  arches on the solitary stream; some transatlantic commentator will be
+  weighing in the scales of some new and now unimagined <span
+  class="correction" title="Original reads `sytem'.">system</span> of
+  criticism, the respective merits of the Bells, and the Fudges, and their
+  historians."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">John Thrupp.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">10. York Gate.</p>
+
+  <p>Several passages from different writers having been mentioned in your
+  columns as likely to have suggested to our brilliant essayist and
+  historian his celebrated graphic sketch of the New Zealander meditating
+  over the ruins of London, I would beg leave to hint the probability that
+  not one of those many passages were present to his mind or memory at the
+  moment he wrote. The fact is that the picture is so true to nature, and
+  has been so often sketched, and the associations and reflections arising
+  from it so often felt and described, that I cannot for a moment admit the
+  insinuation of a charge of plagiarism, or even unconscious adaptation of
+  another's thoughts in one so abundantly stored with imagery of his own,
+  that the very overflowings of his own wealth would enrich a generation of
+  writers. It has however occurred to me that his classic mind might have
+  remembered the picture of Marius amid the ruins of Carthage, or, more
+  probably, the still more striking passage in the celebrated letter of
+  Sulpicius to Cicero, on the death of his daughter Tullia, in which he
+  describes himself, on his return from Asia, as sailing from Ægina towards
+  Megara, and contemplating the surrounding countries:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Behind me lay Ægina, before me Megara; on my right I saw Piræus, and
+  on my left Corinth. These cities, once so flourishing and magnificent,
+  now presented nothing to my view but a sad spectacle of desolation."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>And he then proceeds with his melancholy reflections on so many
+  perishing memorials of human glory and grandeur in so small a
+  compass.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">G. W. T.</p>
+
+  <p>Volney wrote thus:</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"Qui sait si sur les rives de la Seine, de la Tamise ... dans le
+  tourbillon de tant de jouissances ... un voyageur, comme moi, ne
+  s'asseoira pas un jour sur de muettes ruines, et ne pleurera pas
+  solitaire sur la cendre des peuples et la mémoire de leur
+  grandeur?"&mdash;<i>Les Ruines</i>, chap. ii. p.&nbsp;11.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">Mackenzie Walcott, M.A.</span></p>
+
+  <p><i>Misapplication of Terms</i> (Vol. ix., p.&nbsp;44.).&mdash;I cannot
+  pretend to set up my judgment against that of <span class="sc">Mr.
+  Squeers</span>, who has in his favour the proverbial wisdom of the
+  Schools. Riddle, however, who I believe is an authority, gives the word
+  <span class="sc">Lego</span> no such meaning as "to hearken." If Plautus
+  uses the word in that sense, as it is an uncommon one, the passage should
+  have been quoted, or a reference given. The meaning of <!-- Page 362
+  --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page362"></a>{362}</span>the word
+  appears to be "to collect, run over, see, read, choose." In justification
+  of my criticism, and in reply to <span class="sc">Mr. Squeers</span>, I
+  shall quote Horne Tooke's remark, in speaking of "<span title="ta deonta" class="grk"
+  >&tau;&alpha; &delta;&epsilon;&omicron;&nu;&tau;&alpha;</span>, or things
+  which ought to be done;" <i>Div. Purley</i>, Pt. II. ch. viii. (vol. ii.
+  pp. 499-501., edit. 1849):</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The first of these, <span class="sc">Legend</span>, which means
+  <i>That which ought to be read</i>, is, from the early misapplication of
+  the term by impostors, now used by us as if it meant, <i>That which ought
+  to be laughed at</i>. And so it is explained in our Dictionaries."</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+  <p>At the hazard of being again deemed hypercritical, while on this
+  subject, <i>the misapplication of terms</i>, I must question the
+  correctness of the phrase "<i>Under</i> the <i>circum</i>stance." A thing
+  must be <i>in</i> or <i>amidst</i> its <i>circum</i>-stances; it cannot
+  be <i>under</i> them. I admit the commonness of the expression, but it is
+  not the less a solecism. Can you inform me when it was introduced? I hope
+  it is not old enough to be considered inveterate. The best authors write
+  "in the circumstances;" and yet so prevalent is the anomaly, that in a
+  very respectable periodical, not long since, the French "<i>dans</i> les
+  circonstances présentes," given as a quotation, is rendered "<i>Under</i>
+  the present circumstances."</p>
+
+  <p class="author"><span class="sc">J. W. Thomas.</span></p>
+
+  <p class="address">Dewsbury.</p>
+
+  <p><i>Hoglandia</i> (Vol. viii., p.&nbsp;151.).&mdash;In reply to an inquiry
+  for the full title of a book from which a quotation is given in <i>Pugna
+  Porcorum</i>, the full title is <span title="Choirochôrographia" class="grk"
+  >&Chi;&omicron;&iota;&rho;&#x1F79;&chi;&omega;&rho;&omicron;&gamma;&rho;&alpha;&phi;&#x1F77;&alpha;</span>,
+  <i>sive Hoglandiæ descriptio</i>, published anonymously in 1709, in
+  retaliation of Edward Holdsworth's <i>Muscipula</i>. "Hoglandia" is
+  Hampshire, and Holdsworth probably was a Hampshire man, for he was
+  educated at Winchester, and we may presume the anonymous author to have
+  been a Cambro-Briton.</p>
+
+  <p class="author">H. L.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h2>Miscellaneous.</h2>
+
+<h3>BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES
+WANTED TO PURCHASE.</h3>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Lingard's England.</span> Foolscap 8vo. 1844. Vols.
+  I. to V., and X. and XI.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">The Works of Dr. Jonathan Swift.</span> London,
+  printed for C. Bathurst, in Fleet Street, 1768. Vol. VII. (Vol. VI.
+  ending with "Verses on the Death of Dr. Swift," written in Nov.
+  1731.)</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Byron's Works.</span> Vol. VI. of Murray's Edition.
+  1829.</p>
+
+  <p>The Volume of the <span class="sc">London Polyglott</span> which
+  contains the Prophets. Imperfection in other parts of no consequence.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Carlisle on Grammar Schools.</span></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">The Circle of the Seasons.</span> London, 1828. 12mo.
+  Two copies.</p>
+
+  <p>*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, <i>carriage
+  free</i>, to be sent to <span class="sc">Mr. Bell</span>, Publisher of
+  "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+  <p>Particulars of Price, &amp;c. of the following Books to be sent direct
+  to the gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses
+  are given for that purpose:</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Latimer's Sermons.</span> Published by the Parker
+  Society. Vol. I.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Wanted by <i>Mr. J. G. Nichols</i>, 25. Parliament Street.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Plans Or Maps of Ancient London</span>, and
+  Representations of Remarkable and Interesting Objects connected
+  therewith&mdash;large size (such as Old St. Paul's, Paul's Cross, Old
+  London Bridge, &amp;c.).</p>
+
+  <p>A Copy of No. 1. (or early number) of "The Times" Newspaper.</p>
+
+  <p>A Copy of one of the "Broadsheets" issued during the Plague.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>Wanted by <i>Mr. Joseph Simpson</i>, Librarian, Literary and Scientific Institution, Islington, London.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<h3>Notices to Correspondents.</h3>
+
+  <p><i>Owing to our being compelled to go to press this week ready for
+  publication on Thursday, and to the great mass of</i> <span
+  class="sc">Replies To Minor Queries</span> <i>waiting for insertion, we
+  have been compelled to omit our usual</i> <span class="sc">Notes on
+  Books</span>, &amp;c.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Quæstor</span>, <i>who calls our attention to the
+  catalogue in which certain</i> Hollar <i>and</i> Eyre <i>drawings are
+  inserted, attached to the</i> Gentleman's Magazine, <i>is thanked. We
+  were, however, already aware of it. The subject is too important to be
+  lost sight of.</i></p>
+
+  <p>A. Z. <i>is thanked. We should of course be glad if</i> "N. &amp; Q."
+  <i>could be purchased at all Railway Stations, but have no means of
+  securing it. If frequently asked for, we have no doubt that the supply
+  will follow the demand.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Montrose's</span> <i>reply has been anticipated.
+  Thanks.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">A Querist.</span> <i>We wish our Correspondents would
+  take the trouble of just referring to our volumes before forwarding
+  Queries upon well-known subjects. We have repeatedly answered similar
+  inquiries, and again only in our last Number, by referring, for the
+  history and illustration of</i> "God tempers the wind to the shorn lamb,"
+  <i>to our</i> First Volume.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">H. Martin.</span> <i>Mr. Keble's edition of Hooker is
+  more carefully edited than Hanbury's.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Abhba.</span> <i>The reference must certainly be to
+  Richard Sterne, Archbishop of York, one of the supposed authors of
+  the</i> Whole Duty of Man: <i>see our</i> Sixth Volume, p.&nbsp;537.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">A. P. Hayes.</span> <i>We suspect the following is
+  the title of the work required:&mdash;"Pedestrianism; or, an Account of
+  the Performances of celebrated Pedestrians during the last and present
+  Century: with a full Narrative of Captain Barclay's public and private
+  Matches: and an Essay on Training. By Walter Thom. Aberdeen, 1813.
+  8vo."</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Neison on Railway Accidents.</span> <i>A
+  Correspondent wishes to know where this pamphlet may be seen, and whether
+  it is on sale.</i></p>
+
+  <p>W. S. <i>For the etymology of lampoon, see Todd's</i> Johnson, <i>and
+  Richardson's</i> Dictionary. <i>Bailey derives it from</i> Lampons, <i>a
+  drunken song. It imports</i> Let us drink, <i>from the old French</i>
+  lamper, <i>and was repeated at the end of each couplet at
+  carousals</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>W. A. W. (Brighton). <i>The specked appearance is entirely owing to
+  your having the wrong paper for your negatives. When Turner's paper is
+  really good it is invaluable, but the specks so abundant in it are a
+  great drawback.</i></p>
+
+  <p>H. H. (Glasgow). <i>We think a practical lesson from some
+  </i>experienced<i> hand would put you right in all your little failures.
+  It is evident from your perseverance that great success will ultimately
+  attend you. It is very difficult to describe all the minutiæ by
+  correspondence.</i></p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">A Subscriber</span> (Atherstone). <i>1. We think your
+  failures appear to arise from defective iodized paper. If the least
+  portion of iodide of potash remains, the browning will take place; or the
+  acetic acid may not be pure: add a little more. 2. If the least portion
+  of hypo. contaminates your silver solutions, they are useless; to reduce
+  it to its metallic state again is the only remedy. 3. The views taken</i>
+  instantaneously <i>are with collodion. It may be applied equally well
+  upon paper as glass; and the advantage of paper negatives is very great
+  over glass</i>.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Photography.</span>&mdash;<i>We hope next week to lay
+  before our readers the particulars of a new process, combining all the
+  advantages of the</i> waxed-paper, <i>but without its difficulties and
+  uncertainties</i>.</p>
+
+  <p><span class="sc">Our Eighth Volume</span> <i>is now bound and ready
+  for delivery, price 10s. 6d., cloth, boards. A few sets of the whole
+  Eight Volumes are being made up, price 4l. 4s.&mdash;For these early
+  application is desirable.</i></p>
+
+  <p>"<span class="sc">Notes and Queries</span>" <i>is published at noon on
+  Friday, so that the Country Booksellers may receive Copies in that
+  night's parcels, and deliver them to their Subscribers on the
+  Saturday</i>.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p><!-- Page 363 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page363"></a>{363}</span></p>
+
+<h3>RECENT PUBLICATIONS
+OF THE
+CAMBRIDGE ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">QUARTO SERIES.</p>
+
+  <p>Evangelia Angustini Gregoriana. By the REV. J. GOODWIN, B.D.
+  20<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>An Historical Inquiry touching St. Catherine of Alexandria,
+  illustrated by a Semi-Saxon Legend. By the REV. C. HARDWICK, M.A.
+  12<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">OCTAVO SERIES.</p>
+
+  <p>I. Anglo-Saxon Legends of St. Andrew and St. Veronica. By C.&nbsp;W.
+  GOODWIN, M.A. 2<i>s</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>II. Græco-Egyptian Fragment on Magic. By C.&nbsp;W. GOODWIN, M.A.
+  3<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>III. Ancient Cambridgeshire. By C.&nbsp;C. BABINGTON, M.A. 3<i>s.</i>
+  6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>Reports and Communications, Nos. I. and II. 1<i>s.</i> each.</p>
+
+  <p>Index to Baker Manuscripts. 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">J. DEIGHTON; MACMILLAN &amp; CO.,
+Cambridge.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">John W. PARKER &amp; SON, and GEORGE
+BELL, London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">At all the Libraries, 2 vols. post 8vo., 18<i>s.</i>,</p>
+
+  <p>LIFE OF JEROME CARDAN, of Milan, Physician. By HENRY MORLEY.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"The author has studied Cardan with an eye of philosophical interest
+  and curiosity&mdash;he has treated him picturesquely, and at times almost
+  playfully.... We can hardly say that Mr. Morley is too speculative for a
+  biographer, and we cannot sufficiently commend his care in collection and
+  his skill in accumulation."&mdash;<i>Athenæum.</i></p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<p class="cenhead">Also, by the same Author,</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">2 vols. post 8vo., cloth, 18<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>THE LIFE OF BERNARD PALISSY, of SAINTES; his Labours and Discoveries
+  in Art and Science; with an Outline of his Philosophical Doctrines, and
+  Illustrative Selections from his Works.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">One vol. 8vo., 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i></p>
+
+  <p>A VISIT to PORTUGAL and MADEIRA. By the LADY EMMELINE STUART
+  WORTLEY.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">London: CHAPMAN &amp; HALL,<br />
+193. Piccadilly.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">AS SECRETARY OR AMANUENSIS.</p>
+
+  <p>A GENTLEMAN who is fully conversant with the French, German, and
+  Italian Languages, is desirous of obtaining some PERMANENT EMPLOYMENT. He
+  can give satisfactory references as to Competency and Respectability of
+  Family and Connexions.</p>
+
+  <p>Address, F. G. H., care of MR. NEWMAN, Publisher, 9. Devonshire
+  Street, Bishopsgate Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>CLASSICAL MUSICAL LIBRARY.&mdash;Subscribers are liberally supplied,
+  on loan, with every description of New Vocal and Instrumental Music, and
+  have also at their disposal upwards of 3,000 volumes, including the
+  Standard Operas, Italian, German, French, and English Songs, and all
+  kinds of Instrumental Music. During the Term of Subscription, each
+  Subscriber has the privilege of selecting&mdash;for his own
+  property&mdash;from 100,000 different pieces, 3 Guineas' worth of Music.
+  Prospectuses forwarded Free on application.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">JULLIEN &amp; CO., 214. Regent Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">Now ready, price 25<i>s.</i>, Second Edition, revised
+and corrected. Dedicated by Special Permission
+to</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">THE (LATE) ARCHBISHOP OF
+CANTERBURY.</p>
+
+  <p>PSALMS AND HYMNS FOR THE SERVICE OF THE CHURCH. The words selected by
+  the Very Rev. H.&nbsp;H. MILMAN, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's. The Music arranged
+  for Four Voices, but applicable also to Two or One, including Chants for
+  the Services, Responses to the Commandments, and a Concise SYSTEM OF
+  CHANTING, by J.&nbsp;B. SALE, Musical Instructor and Organist to Her Majesty.
+  4to., neat, in morocco cloth, price 25<i>s.</i> To be had of Mr. J.&nbsp;B.
+  SALE, 21. Holywell Street, Millbank, Westminster, on the receipt of a
+  Post-office Order for that amount: and, by order, of the principal
+  Booksellers and Music Warehouses.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>"A great advance on the works we have hitherto had, connected with our
+  Church and Cathedral Service."&mdash;<i>Times.</i></p>
+
+  <p>"A collection of Psalm Tunes certainly unequalled in this
+  country."&mdash;<i>Literary Gazette.</i></p>
+
+  <p>"One of the best collections of tunes which we have yet seen. Well
+  merits the distinguished patronage under which it
+  appears."&mdash;<i>Musical World.</i></p>
+
+  <p>"A collection of Psalms and Hymns, together with a system of Chanting
+  of a very superior character to any which has hitherto
+  appeared."&mdash;<i>John Bull.</i></p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<p class="cenhead">London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">Also, lately published,</p>
+
+  <p>J. B. SALE'S SANCTUS, COMMANDMENTS and CHANTS as performed at the
+  Chapel Royal St. James, price 2<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">C. LONSDALE, 26. Old Bond Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">SURPLICES.</p>
+
+  <p>GILBERT J. FRENCH, Bolton, Lancashire, has prepared his usual large
+  Supply of SURPLICES, in Anticipation of EASTER.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">PARCELS delivered FREE at Railway
+Stations.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h3>PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.</h3>
+
+  <p>OTTEWILL AND MORGAN'S Manufactory, 24. &amp; 25. Charlotte Terrace,
+  Caledonian Road, Islington.</p>
+
+  <p>OTTEWILL'S Registered Double Body Folding Camera, adapted for
+  Landscapes or Portraits, may be had of A. ROSS, Featherstone Buildings,
+  Holborn; the Photographic Institution, Bond Street; and at the
+  Manufactory as above, where every description of Cameras, Slides, and
+  Tripods may be had. The Trade supplied.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>ONE THOUSAND BEDSTEADS TO CHOOSE FROM.&mdash;HEAL &amp; SON'S Stock
+  comprises a large Assortment of handsomely Japanned and Brass-mounted
+  IRON BEDSTEADS, CHILDREN'S CRIBS and COTS of new and elegant designs:
+  MAHOGANY, BIRCH, and WALNUT-TREE BEDSTEADS, of the soundest and best
+  Manufacture, many of them fitted with Furnitures, complete; and every
+  variety of SERVANTS' and PORTABLE BEDSTEADS. They have also a large
+  Assortment of</p>
+
+  <p>BED-ROOM FURNITURE, comprising WARDROBES, both in Japanned Wood and
+  Mahogany, from 4 ft. to 8 ft. long, fitted with every variety of
+  arrangement; DRESSING TABLES and GLASSES, WASHSTANDS, DRAWERS, and every
+  Article for the complete furnishing of a Bed-room.</p>
+
+  <p>HEAL &amp; SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BED-STEADS and priced List
+  of Bedding, containing designs and prices of upwards of One Hundred
+  Bedsteads (representing a Stock of upwards of One Thousand), sent Free by
+  Post.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">HEAL &amp; SON, 196. Tottenham Court Road.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.</p>
+
+  <p>THE EXHIBITION OF PHOTOGRAPHS, by the most eminent English and
+  Continental Artists, is OPEN DAILY from Ten till Five. Free
+  Admission.</p>
+
+
+<table class="nobctr" summary="Prices." title="Prices.">
+  <tr>
+    <td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+    </td>
+    <td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>£ &nbsp;</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p><i>s.</i></p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p><i>d.</i></p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>A Portrait by Mr. Talbot's Patent Process</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>1</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>1</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>0</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>Additional Copies (each)</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>0</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>5</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>0</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>A Coloured Portrait, highly finished (small size)</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>3</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>3</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>0</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+
+  <tr>
+    <td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>A Coloured Portrait, highly finished (larger size)</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>5</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>5</p>
+    </td>
+    <td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">
+      <p>0</p>
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+  <p>Miniatures, Oil Paintings, Water-Colour, and Chalk Drawings,
+  Photographed and Coloured in imitation of the Originals. Views of Country
+  Mansions, Churches, &amp;c., taken at a short notice.</p>
+
+  <p>Cameras, Lenses, and all the necessary Photographic Apparatus and
+  Chemicals, are supplied, tested, and guaranteed.</p>
+
+  <p>Gratuitous Instruction is given to Purchasers of Sets of
+  Apparatus.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,<br />
+168. New Bond Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>SMEE'S BINOCULAR PERSPECTIVE PHOTOGRAPHS.&mdash;A full account of the
+  mode of taking these extraordinary Likenesses in "Smee on the Eye," just
+  published, price 5<i>s.</i></p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">HORNE, THORNTHWAITE &amp; WOOD,<br />
+123. Newgate Street, London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PHOTOGRAPHY.&mdash;HORNE &amp; CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining
+  Instantaneous Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds,
+  according to light.</p>
+
+  <p>Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the
+  choicest Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their
+  Establishment.</p>
+
+  <p>Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &amp;c. &amp;c. used
+  in this beautiful Art.&mdash;123. and 121. Newgate Street.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.&mdash;J. B. HOCKIN &amp; CO., Chemists, 289.
+  Strand, have, by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a
+  Collodion equal, they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of
+  Negative, to any other hitherto published; without diminishing the
+  keeping properties and appreciation of half-tint for which their
+  manufacture has been esteemed.</p>
+
+  <p>Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice
+  of Photography. Instruction in the Art.</p>
+
+  <p>THE COLLODION AND POSITIVE PAPER PROCESS. By J. B. HOCKIN. Price
+  1<i>s.</i>, per Post, 1<i>s.</i> 2<i>d.</i></p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>COLLODION PORTRAITS AND VIEWS obtained with the greatest ease and
+  certainty by using BLAND &amp; LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton;
+  certainty and uniformity of action over a lengthened period, combined
+  with the most faithful rendering of the half-tones, constitute this a
+  most valuable agent in the hands of the photographer.</p>
+
+  <p>Albumenized paper, for printing from glass or paper negatives, giving
+  a minuteness of detail unattained by any other method, 5<i>s.</i> per
+  Quire.</p>
+
+  <p>Waxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality. Instruction in the
+  Processes.</p>
+
+  <p>BLAND &amp; LONG. Opticians and Photographical Instrument Makers, and
+  Operative Chemists, 153. Fleet Street, London.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>*** Catalogues sent on application.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>THE SIGHT preserved by the Use of SPECTACLES adapted to suit every
+  variety of Vision by means of SMEE'S OPTOMETER, which effectually
+  prevents Injury to the Eyes from the Selection of Improper Glasses, and
+  is extensively employed by</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">BLAND &amp; LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet
+Street, London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p><!-- Page 364 --><span class="pagenum"><a name="page364"></a>{364}</span></p>
+
+<h3>WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE
+AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.</h3>
+
+<p class="cenhead">3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">Founded A.D. 1842.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+<p class="cenhead"><i>Directors.</i></p>
+
+
+<table class="nobctr" summary="directors" title="directors">
+  <tr>
+    <td class="rightbsing" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>H. E. Bicknell, Esq.<br />
+      T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P.<br />
+      G. H. Drew, Esq.<br />
+      W. Evans, Esq.<br />
+      W. Freeman, Esq.<br />
+      F. Fuller, Esq.<br />
+      J. H. Goodhart, Esq.</p>
+
+    </td>
+    <td class="hspcsingle" style="vertical-align:top; text-align:left">
+      <p>T. Grissell, Esq.<br />
+      J. Hunt, Esq.<br />
+      J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.<br />
+      E. Lucas, Esq.<br />
+      J. Lys Seager, Esq.<br />
+      J. B. White, Esq.<br />
+      J. Carter Wood, Esq.</p>
+
+    </td>
+  </tr>
+</table>
+
+<p class="cenhead"><i>Trustees.</i>&mdash;W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell, Esq.<br />
+<i>Physician.</i>&mdash;William Rich. Basham, M.D.<br />
+<i>Bankers.</i>&mdash;Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.</p>
+
+  <p>POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary
+  difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application
+  to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed
+  in the Prospectus.</p>
+
+  <p>Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100<i>l.</i>, with a Share
+  in three-fourths of the Profits:&mdash;</p>
+
+<table width="35%" class="nobctr" summary="Specimens of Rates" title="Specimens of Rates">
+<tr>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left; width:28%">Age</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>£</i></td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>s.</i></td>
+<td class="rightbsing" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>d.</i></td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left; width:28%">Age</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>£</i></td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>s.</i></td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right; width:7%"><i>d.</i></td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">&nbsp; 17</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">1</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">14</td>
+<td class="rightbsing" style="text-align:right">4</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">&nbsp; 32</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">2</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">10</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">8</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">&nbsp; 22</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">1</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">18</td>
+<td class="rightbsing" style="text-align:right">8</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">&nbsp; 37</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">2</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">18</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">6</td>
+</tr>
+<tr>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">&nbsp; 27</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">2</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">4</td>
+<td class="rightbsing" style="text-align:right">5</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:left">&nbsp; 42</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">3</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">8</td>
+<td class="hspcsingle" style="text-align:right">2</td>
+</tr></table>
+
+<p class="cenhead">ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.</p>
+
+  <p>Now ready, price 10<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>, Second Edition, with material
+  additions, INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON
+  BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land
+  Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building
+  Companies, &amp;c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and
+  Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life
+  Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>PIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas each.&mdash;D'ALMAINE &amp; CO., 20. Soho
+  Square (established A.D. 1785), sole manufacturers of the ROYAL
+  PIANOFORTES, at 25 Guineas each. Every instrument warranted. The peculiar
+  advantages of these pianofortes are best described in the following
+  professional testimonial, signed by the majority of the leading musicians
+  of the age:&mdash;"We, the undersigned members of the musical profession,
+  having carefully examined the Royal Pianofortes manufactured by MESSRS.
+  D'ALMAINE &amp; CO., have great pleasure in bearing testimony to their
+  merits and capabilities. It appears to us impossible to produce
+  instruments of the same size possessing a richer and finer tone, more
+  elastic touch, or more equal temperament, while the elegance of their
+  construction renders them a handsome ornament for the library, boudoir,
+  or drawing-room. (Signed) J.&nbsp;L. Abel, F. Benedict, H.&nbsp;R. Bishop, J.
+  Blewitt, J. Brizzi, T.&nbsp;P. Chipp, P. Delavanti, C.&nbsp;H. Dolby, E.&nbsp;F.
+  Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen Glover, Henri Herz, E. Harrison, H.&nbsp;F.
+  Hassé, J.&nbsp;L. Hatton, Catherine Hayes, W.&nbsp;H. Holmes, W. Kuhe, G.&nbsp;F.
+  Kiallmark, E. Land, G. Lanza, Alexander Lee, A. Leffler, E.&nbsp;J. Loder,
+  W.&nbsp;H. Montgomery, S. Nelson, G.&nbsp;A. Osborne, John Parry, H. Panofka, Henry
+  Phillips, F. Praegar, E.&nbsp;F. Rimbault, Frank Romer, G.&nbsp;H. Rodwell, E.
+  Rockel, Sims Reeves, J. Templeton, F. Weber, H. Westrop, T.&nbsp;H. Wright,"
+  &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">D'ALMAINE &amp; CO., 20. Soho Square. Lists
+and Designs Gratis.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>CHUBB'S LOCKS, with all the recent improvements. Strong fire-proof
+  safes, cash and deed boxes. Complete lists of sizes and prices may be had
+  on application.</p>
+
+  <p>CHUBB &amp; SON, 57. St. Paul's Churchyard, London; 28. Lord Street,
+  Liverpool; 16. Market Street, Manchester; and Horseley Fields,
+  Wolverhampton.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<p class="cenhead">IMPERIAL LIFE INSURANCE
+COMPANY.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">1. OLD BROAD STREET, LONDON.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">Instituted 1820.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p>SAMUEL HIBBERT, ESQ., <i>Chairman</i>.</p>
+
+  <p>WILLIAM R. ROBINSON, ESQ., <i>Deputy-Chairman</i>.</p>
+
+<hr class="short" />
+
+  <p>The SCALE OF PREMIUMS adopted by this Office will be found of a very
+  moderate character, but at the same time quite adequate to the risk
+  incurred.</p>
+
+  <p>FOUR-FIFTHS, or 80 per cent. of the Profits, are assigned to Policies
+  <i>every fifth year</i>, and may be applied to increase the sum insured,
+  to an immediate payment in cash, or to the reduction and ultimate
+  extinction of future Premiums.</p>
+
+  <p>ONE-THIRD of the Premium on Insurances of 500<i>l.</i> and upwards,
+  for the whole term of life, may remain as a debt upon the Policy, to be
+  paid off at convenience; or the Directors will lend sums of 50<i>l.</i>
+  and upwards, on the security of Policies effected with this Company for
+  the whole term of life, when they have acquired an adequate value.</p>
+
+  <p>SECURITY.&mdash;Those who effect Insurances with this Company are
+  protected by its Subscribed Capital of 750,000<i>l.</i>, of which nearly
+  140,000<i>l.</i> is invested, from the risk incurred by Members of Mutual
+  Societies.</p>
+
+  <p>The satisfactory financial condition of the Company, exclusive of the
+  Subscribed and Invested Capital, will be seen by the following
+  Statement:</p>
+
+<table class="nobctr" summary="Acrostic." title="Acrostic.">
+<tr><td class="spacsingle">On the 31st October, 1853, the sums Assured, including Bonus added, amounted to </td><td class="spacsingle" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:bottom;">£2,500,000</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="spacsingle">The Premium Fund to more than </td><td class="spacsingle" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:bottom;"> 800,000</td></tr>
+<tr><td class="spacsingle">And the Annual Income from the same source, to </td><td class="spacsingle" style="text-align:right; vertical-align:bottom;"> 109,000</td></tr>
+</table>
+
+  <p>Insurances, without participation in Profits, may be effected at
+  reduced rates.</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>SAMUEL INGALL, Actuary.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>ALLSOPP'S PALE or BITTER ALE. MESSRS. S. ALLSOPP &amp; SONS beg to
+  inform the TRADE that they are now registering Orders for the March
+  Brewings of their PALE ALE in Casks of 18 Gallons and upwards, at the
+  BREWERY, Burton-on-Trent; and at the under-mentioned Branch
+  Establishments:</p>
+
+  <div class="poem">
+    <div class="stanza">
+      <p>LONDON, at 61. King William Street, City.</p>
+      <p>LIVERPOOL, at Cook Street.</p>
+      <p>MANCHESTER, at Ducie Place.</p>
+      <p>DUDLEY, at the Burnt Tree.</p>
+      <p>GLASGOW, at 115. St. Vincent Street.</p>
+      <p>DUBLIN, at 1. Crampton Quay.</p>
+      <p>BIRMINGHAM, at Market Hall.</p>
+      <p>SOUTH WALES, at 13. King Street, Bristol.</p>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <p>MESSRS. ALLSOPP &amp; SONS take the opportunity of announcing to
+  PRIVATE FAMILIES that their ALES, so strongly recommended by the Medical
+  Profession, may be procured in DRAUGHT and BOTTLES GENUINE from all the
+  most RESPECTABLE LICENSED VICTUALLERS, on "ALLSOPP'S PALE ALE" being
+  specially asked for.</p>
+
+  <p>When in bottle, the genuineness of the label can be ascertained by its
+  having "ALLSOPP &amp; SONS" written across it.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the
+  possession of Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his
+  Inquiries are greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen
+  engaged in Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to
+  undertake searches among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum,
+  Ancient Wills, or other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch
+  of Literature, History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which
+  he has had considerable experience.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS,
+HATCHAM, SURREY.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+<h3>Patronised by the Royal
+Family.</h3>
+
+  <p>TWO THOUSAND POUNDS for any person producing Articles superior to the
+  following:</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">THE HAIR RESTORED AND GREYNESS
+PREVENTED.</p>
+
+  <p>BEETHAM'S CAPILLARY FLUID is acknowledged to be the most effectual
+  article for Restoring the Hair in Baldness, strengthening when weak and
+  fine, effectually preventing falling or turning grey, and for restoring
+  its natural colour without the use of dye. The rich glossy appearance it
+  imparts is the admiration of every person. Thousands have experienced its
+  astonishing efficacy. Bottles, 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i>; double, 4<i>s.</i>
+  6<i>d.</i>; 7<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> equal to 4 small; 11<i>s.</i> to 6
+  small; 21<i>s.</i> to 13 small. The most perfect beautifier ever
+  invented.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">SUPERFLUOUS HAIR REMOVED.</p>
+
+  <p>BEETHAM'S VEGETABLE EXTRACT does not cause pain or injury to the skin.
+  Its effect is unerring, and it is now patronised by royalty and hundreds
+  of the first families. Bottles, 5<i>s.</i></p>
+
+  <p>BEETHAM'S PLASTER is the only effectual remover of Corns and Bunions.
+  It also reduces enlarged Great Toe Joints in an astonishing manner. If
+  space allowed, the testimony of upwards of twelve thousand individuals,
+  during the last five years, might be inserted. Packets, 1<i>s.</i>;
+  Boxes, 2<i>s.</i> 6<i>d.</i> Sent Free by BEETHAM, Chemist, Cheltenham,
+  for 14 or 36 Post Stamps.</p>
+
+<blockquote class="b1n">
+
+  <p>Sold by PRING, 30. Westmorland Street; JACKSON, 9. Westland Row;
+  BEWLEY &amp; EVANS, Dublin; GOULDING, 108. Patrick Street, Cork; BARRY,
+  9. Main Street, Kinsale; GRATTAN, Belfast; MURDOCK, BROTHERS, Glasgow;
+  DUNCAN &amp; FLOCKHART, Edinburgh. SANGER, 150. Oxford Street; PROUT,
+  229. Strand; KEATING, St. Paul's Churchyard; SAVORY &amp; MOORE, Bond
+  Street; HANNAY, 63. Oxford Street; London. All Chemists and Perfumers
+  will procure them.</p>
+
+</blockquote>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description
+  of upwards of 100 articles, consisting of PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS,
+  Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and
+  other travelling requisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by Post
+  on receipt of Two Stamps.</p>
+
+  <p>MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their
+  Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new
+  Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best
+  articles of the kind ever produced.</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">J. W. &amp; T. ALLEN, 18. &amp; 22. West Strand.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class
+  X., in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all
+  Climates, may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold
+  London-made Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver
+  Cases, 8, 6, and 4 guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12,
+  10, and 8 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior
+  Lever, with Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's
+  Pocket Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch
+  skilfully examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers,
+  2<i>l.</i>, 3<i>l.</i>, and 4<i>l.</i> Thermometers from 1<i>s.</i>
+  each.</p>
+
+  <p>BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory,
+  the Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,</p>
+
+<p class="cenhead">65. CHEAPSIDE.</p>
+
+<hr class="full" />
+
+  <p>Printed by <span class="sc">Thomas Clark Shaw</span>, of No. 10.
+  Stonefield Street, in the Parish of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New
+  Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and
+  published by <span class="sc">George Bell</span>, of No. 186. Fleet
+  Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London,
+  Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.&mdash;Saturday, April 15.
+  1854.</p>
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+<pre>
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 233, April
+15, 1854, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+***** This file should be named 30644-h.htm or 30644-h.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        http://www.gutenberg.org/3/0/6/4/30644/
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+http://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need, are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+http://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at http://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit http://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations.
+To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     http://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
+
+
+</pre>
+
+</body>
+</html>
diff --git a/30644-h/images/233_060.png b/30644-h/images/233_060.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c2ebdf7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30644-h/images/233_060.png
diff --git a/30644-h/images/233_combe.png b/30644-h/images/233_combe.png
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c18d02e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30644-h/images/233_combe.png
diff --git a/30644.txt b/30644.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e407866
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30644.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,3705 @@
+Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 233, April 15, 1854, by Various
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: Notes and Queries, Number 233, April 15, 1854
+       A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists,
+       Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc
+
+Author: Various
+
+Editor: George Bell
+
+Release Date: December 10, 2009 [EBook #30644]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+
+
+
+Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they
+are listed at the end of the text.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{341} NOTES AND QUERIES:
+
+A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES,
+GENEALOGISTS, ETC.
+
+"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+No. 233.]
+SATURDAY, APRIL 15. 1854.
+[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CONTENTS.
+
+  NOTES:--                                                    Page
+  Palindrome Verses                                            343
+  Children crying at their Birth                               343
+  Unpublished Letter of Lord Nelson, by E. G. Bass             344
+
+  FOLK LORE:--Devonshire Superstitions--Quacks--Burning a
+  Tooth with Salt                                              344
+  Parallel Passages, by H. L. Temple, Cuthbert Bede, &c.       345
+
+  MINOR NOTES:--Vallancey's Green Book--Herrings--Byron and
+  Rochefoucauld--"Abscond"--Garlands, Broadsheets, &c.--
+  Life-belts--Turkey and Russia--"Verbatim et literatim"       347
+
+  QUERIES:--
+  Prints of London before the Great Fire                       348
+  Battle of Otterburn, by J. S. Warden                         348
+  De Beauvoir Pedigree, by T. R. Potter                        349
+
+  MINOR QUERIES:--Dog-whippers: Frankincense--Atchievement in
+  Yorkshire: Lipyeatt Family--"Waestart"--Rebellion of 1715--
+  "Athenian Sport"--Gutta Percha made soluble--Arms of Anthony
+  Kitchen--Griesbach Arms--Postage System of the Romans--Three
+  Crowns and Sugar-loaf--Helen MacGregor--Francis Grose the
+  Antiquary--"King of Kings:" Bishop Andrews' Sermons--Scroope
+  Family--Harrison the Regicide: Lowle--"Chair" or "Char"--
+  Aches--Leeming Hall--Caricature; a Canterbury Tale--Perpetual
+  Curates not represented in Convocation--Dr. Whichcote and
+  Dorothy Jordan--Moral Philosophy--Shelley's "Prometheus
+  Unbound"--Turkish Language                                   349
+
+  MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Illustrated Bible of 1527--
+  Heraldic Query--Richard de Sancto Victorie--St. Blase        352
+
+  REPLIES:--
+  Leicester as Ranger of Snowdon                               353
+  Inman Family, by T. Hughes                                   353
+  Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, by Dr. E. F. Rimbault      354
+  Hardman's Account of Waterloo                                355
+  Churches in "Domesday Book," by Wm. Dobson                   355
+  Memoirs of Grammont, by W. H. Lammin                         356
+  Celtic and Latin Languages                                   356
+
+  PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Box Sawdust for Collodion--
+  Proportions of Chlorides and Silver--Photographic Copies of
+  Rembrandt--Coloured Photographs                              358
+
+  REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Dr. Eleazar Duncon--Christian
+  Names--Abigail--"Begging the question"--Russian Emperors--
+  Garble--Electric Telegraph--Butler's "Lives of the Saints"--
+  Anticipatory Use of the Cross--The Marquis of Granby, &c.    359
+
+  MISCELLANEOUS:--
+  Books and Odd Volumes wanted                                 362
+  Notices to Correspondents                                    362
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Just Published, with ten coloured Engravings, price 5s.,
+
+NOTES ON AQUATIC MICROSCOPIC SUBJECTS OF NATURAL HISTORY, selected from the
+"Microscopic Cabinet." By ANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I.
+
+Also, in 8vo., pp. 720. plates 24, price 21s., or coloured, 36s.,
+
+A HISTORY OF INFUSORIAL ANIMALCULES, Living and Fossil, containing
+Descriptions of every species, British and Foreign, the methods of
+procuring and viewing them, &c., illustrated by numerous Engravings. By
+ANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I.
+
+    "There is no work extant in which so much valuable information
+    concerning Infusoria (Animalcules) can be found, and every Microscopist
+    should add it to his library."--_Silliman's Journal._
+
+London: WHITTAKER & CO., Ave Maria Lane.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Just published, 18 mo., _1s._
+
+SERMONS FOR WAYFARERS. Dedicated by permission to the Lord Bishop of Ripon,
+with a prefatory Epistle to the Rev. Dr. Hook. By the REV. A. GATTY.
+
+London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE STREETS OF DUBLIN, and CELTIC RECORDS OF IRELAND, ETC.
+
+For the Series of Papers illustrating the above, see Vols. I. II. and III.
+of the "Irish Quarterly Review." Price, bound, 11s. each.
+
+London: SIMPKIN & CO.
+Dublin: W. B. KELLY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CATALOGUE OF VERY RARE BOOKS.--EMANUEL MAI, Bookseller of Berlin, has just
+published a Catalogue of PRECIOUS MANUSCRIPTS, INCUNABULA, and very rare
+Books on Theology, Philosophy, Antiquities, Philology, Education, the Fine
+Arts, Bibliography, Numismatics, Engravings, and General Literature. The
+Catalogue contains 17,708 Numbers, or 80,000 Volumes, and is systematically
+arranged with Bibliographical Notices. The Catalogue will be forwarded,
+Post paid, to those who will forward 2s. in Postage Stamps to MR. FRANZ
+THIMM, Foreign Bookseller, 3. Brook Street, New Bond Street, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Post Free.
+
+THE CATTLE UPON A THOUSAND HILLS. A List of GREAT OLD ENGLISH BOOKS for
+Sale, by
+
+JOHN TUPLING, 320. Strand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CHEAP BOOKS.--C. HILL'S CATALOGUE, No. 13., just published, including a
+long Article on NAPOLEON. Sent Free on Application.
+
+14. KING STREET, HOLBORN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXXXVIII., is published THIS DAY.
+
+              CONTENTS:
+     I. LAURENCE STERNE.
+    II. SACRED GEOGRAPHY.
+   III. LORD HOLLAND'S MEMOIRS OF THE WHIG PARTY.
+    IV. THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE.
+     V. THE CRIMINAL LAW DIGEST.
+    VI. WAAGEN'S TREASURES OF ART IN BRITAIN.
+   VII. THE TURKS AND THE GREEKS.
+  VIII. THE NEW REFORM BILL.
+
+JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Now ready, No. VI., 2s. 6d., published Quarterly.
+
+RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW (New Series); consisting of Criticisms upon, Analyses
+of, and Extracts from, Curious, Useful, Valuable, and Scarce Old Books.
+
+Vol. I., 8vo., pp. 436. cloth 10s. 6d., is also ready.
+
+JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Price One Shilling,
+
+THE NATIONAL MISCELLANY FOR APRIL contains:
+
+  1. The New Civil Service Scheme.
+  2. The Flaw in the Column.
+  3. The Labour Parliament.
+  4. An Avalanche on the Great St. Bernard.
+  5. Mediaeval London.
+  6. Saturday Night.
+  7. The Weekly Periodicals.
+  8. Sea Life and Sea Literature.
+  9. Notices.
+  10. Poetry.
+
+At the OFFICE, No. 1. Exeter Street, Strand, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Forwarded Free on receipt of 30 Postage Stamps.
+
+ARCHITECTURAL BOTANY; setting forth the Geometrical Distribution of
+Foliage, Flowers, Fruit. &c., with 20 Original Designs for decorating
+Cornices, Spandrils, Crosses, Corbels, Capitals, Bosses, Panels, &c. By
+W. P. GRIFFITH, F.S.A., F.R.I.B.A.
+
+*** Part II. nearly ready.
+
+London: 9. St. John's Square.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+On April 30th will be published, in fcp. 8vo., boards, price 1s. 6d.
+
+ADVENTURES OF A BASHFUL IRISHMAN. By W. F. DEACON, Author of "Annette,"
+"Vincent Eden," &c.
+
+    *** The late Judge Talfourd, in his Memoir of Mr. Deacon, calls this
+    humorous Tale "A pleasant history of an Irish Gil Blas, containing
+    satirical notices of prominent Irish Patriots, and a description of an
+    Irish Trial, in which there is a vivid and extremely amusing caricature
+    of O'Connell."
+
+London: DAVID BRYCE, 48. Paternoster Row.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{342}
+
+ARCHAEOLOGICAL WORKS BY JOHN YONGE AKERMAN,
+
+FELLOW AND SECRETARY OF THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF LONDON.
+
+AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL INDEX to Remains of Antiquity of the Celtic,
+Romano-British, and Anglo-Saxon Periods. 1 vol. 8vo., price 15s. cloth,
+illustrated by numerous Engravings, comprising upwards of five hundred
+objects.
+
+A NUMISMATIC MANUAL. 1 vol. 8vo., price One Guinea.
+
+    *** The Plates which illustrate this Volume are upon a novel plan, and
+    will, at a glance, convey more information regarding the types of
+    Greek, Roman, and English Coins, than can be obtained by many hours'
+    careful reading. Instead of a fac-simile Engraving being given of that
+    which is already an enigma to the tyro, the most striking and
+    characteristic features of the Coin are dissected and placed by
+    themselves, so that the eye soon becomes familiar with them.
+
+A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of Rare and Unedited Roman Coins, from the Earliest
+Period to the taking of Rome under Constantine Paleologos. 2 vols. 8vo.,
+numerous Plates, 30s.
+
+COINS OF THE ROMANS relating to Britain, 1 vol. 8vo. Second Edition, with
+an entirely new set of Plates, price 10s. 6d.
+
+ANCIENT COINS of CITIES and Princes, Geographically arranged and described,
+containing the Coins of Hispania, Gallia, and Britannia, with Plates of
+several hundred examples. 1 vol. 8vo., price 18s.
+
+NEW TESTAMENT, Numismatic Illustrations of the Narrative Portions of
+the.--Fine paper, numerous Woodcuts from the original Coins in various
+Public and Private Collections. 1 vol. 8vo., price 5s. 6d.
+
+AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY of ANCIENT and MODERN COINS. In 1 vol. fcp.
+8vo., with numerous Wood Engravings from the original Coins, price 6s. 6d.
+cloth.
+
+CONTENTS:--Section 1. Origin of Coinage--Greek Regal Coins. 2. Greek Civic
+Coins. 3. Greek Imperial Coins. 4. Origin of Roman Coinage--Consular Coins.
+5. Roman Imperial Coins. 6. Roman British Coins. 7. Ancient British
+Coinage. 8. Anglo-Saxon Coinage. 9. English Coinage from the Conquest. 10.
+Scotch Coinage. 11. Coinage of Ireland. 12. Anglo-Gallic Coins. 13.
+Continental Money in the Middle Ages. 14. Various Representatives of
+Coinage. 15. Forgeries in Ancient and Modern Times. 16. Table of Prices of
+English Coins realised at Public Sales.
+
+TRADESMEN'S TOKENS, struck in London and its Vicinity, from the year 1648
+to 1672 inclusive. Described from the Originals in the Collection of the
+British Museum, &c. 15s.
+
+REMAINS OF PAGAN SAXONDOM, principally from Tumuli in England. Publishing
+in 4to., in Numbers, at 2s. 6d. With coloured Plates.
+
+A GLOSSARY OF PROVINCIAL WORDS and PHRASES in Use in Wiltshire. 12mo., 3s.
+
+THE NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE is published Quarterly. Price 3s. 6d. each Number.
+
+JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE TOPOGRAPHER & GENEALOGIST,
+
+EDITED BY JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS, F.S.A.
+
+_The XIIIth Part of this Work is now published, price_ 3s. 6d.,
+_containing_:
+
+Some Account of the Manor of Apuldrefield, in the Parish of Cudham, Kent,
+by G. Steinman Steinman, Esq., F.S.A.
+
+Petition to Parliament from the Borough of Wotton Basset, in the reign of
+Charles I., relative to the right of the Burgesses to Free Common of
+Pasture in Fasterne Great Park.
+
+Memoranda in Heraldry, from the MS. Pocket-books of Peter Le Neve, Norroy
+King of Arms.
+
+Was William of Wykeham of the Family of Swalcliffe? By Charles Wykeham
+Martin, Esq., M.P., F.S.A.
+
+Account of Sir Toby Caulfield rendered to the Irish Exchequer, relative to
+the Chattel Property of the Earl of Tyrone and other fugitives from Ulster
+in the year 1616, communicated by James F. Ferguson, Esq., of the Exchequer
+Record Office, Dublin.
+
+Indenture enumerating various Lands in Cirencester, 4 Hen. VII. (1489).
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Two Volumes of this Work are now completed, which are published in cloth
+boards, price Two Guineas, or in Twelve Parts, price 3s. 6d. each. Among
+its more important articles are--
+
+    Descent of the Earldom of Lincoln, with Introductory   Observations on
+    the Ancient   Earldoms of England, by the Editor.
+
+    On the Connection of Arderne, or Arden, of   Cheshire, with the Ardens
+    of Warwickshire.   By George Ormerod, Esq., D.C.L., F.S.A.
+
+    Genealogical Declaration respecting the Family   of Norres, written by
+    Sir William Norres, of   Speke, co. Lanc. in 1563; followed by an
+    abstract   of charters, &c.
+
+    The Domestic Chronicle of Thomas Godfrey,   Esq., of Winchelsea, &c.,
+    M.P., the father of   Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey, finished in 1655.
+
+    Honywood Evidences, compiled previously to  1620, edited by B. W.
+    Greenfield, Esq.
+
+    The Descendants of Mary Honywood at her   death in 1620.
+
+    Marriage Settlements of the Honywoods.
+
+    Pedigrees of the families of Arden or Arderne,   Arundell of Aynho,
+    Babington, Barry, Bayley,   Bowet, Browne, Burton of Coventry,
+    Clarke, Clerke, Clinton, Close, Dabridgecourt,   Dakyns or Dakeynes,
+    D'Oyly, Drew,   FitzAlan, Fitzherbert, Franceis, Fremingham,   Gyll,
+    Hammond, Harlakenden, Heneage,   Hirst, Honywood, Hodilow, Holman,
+    Horde, Hustler, Isley, Kirby, Kynnersley,   Marche, Marston, Meynell,
+    Norres, Peirse,   Pimpe, Plomer, Polhill or Polley, Pycheford,
+    Pitchford, Pole or De la Pole, Preston, Viscount   Tarah, Thexton,
+    Tregose, Turner of   Kirkleatham, Ufford, Walerand, Walton, and   Yate.
+
+    The Genealogies of more than ninety families   of Stockton-upon-Tees,
+    by Wm. D'Oyly   Bayley, Esq., F.S.A.
+
+    Sepulchral Memorials of the English at Bruges   and Caen.
+
+    Many original Charters, several Wills, and   Funeral Certificates.
+
+    Survey, temp. Philip and Mary, of the Manors   of Crosthole, Landren,
+    Landulph, Lightdurrant,   Porpehan and Tynton, in Cornwall;
+    Aylesbeare and Whytford, co. Devon; Ewerne   Courtenay, co. Dorset;
+    Mudford and Hinton,   West Coker, and Stoke Courcy, co. Somerset;
+    Rolleston, co. Stafford; and Corton, co.   Wilts.
+
+    Survey of the Marshes of the Medway, temp.   Henry VIII.
+
+    A Description of Cleveland, addressed to Sir   Thomas Chaloner, temp.
+    James I.
+
+    A Catalogue of the Monumental Brasses, ancient   Monuments, and Painted
+    Glass existing   in the Churches of Bedfordshire, with all   Names and
+    Dates.
+
+    Catalogue of Sepulchral Monuments in Suffolk,   throughout the hundreds
+    of Babergh,   Blackbourn, Blything, Bosmere and Claydon,   Carlford,
+    Colnies, Cosford, Hartismere,   Hoxne, Town of Ipswich, Hundreds of
+    Lackford   and Loes. By the late D. E. Davy, Esq.,   of Ufford.
+
+    Published by J. B. NICHOLS & SONS, 25.   Parliament Street,
+    Westminster; where may   be obtained, on application, a fuller abstract
+    of the contents of these volumes, and also of   the "Collectanea
+    Topographica et Genealogica,"   now complete in Eight Volumes.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+WORKS BY THE REV. DR. MAITLAND.
+
+THE DARK AGES; being a Series of ESSAYS intended to illustrate the State of
+RELIGION and LITERATURE in the 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th Centuries.
+Reprinted from the "British Magazine," with Corrections, and some
+Additions; uniformly with the present Volume. Third Edition. 10s. 6d.
+
+ESSAYS on Subjects connected with the REFORMATION IN ENGLAND. Reprinted,
+with Additions, from the "British Magazine." 13s.
+
+ERUVIN; or MISCELLANEOUS ESSAYS on Subjects connected with the NATURE,
+HISTORY, and DESTINY of MAN. Second Edition. In small 8vo. 5s.
+
+EIGHT ESSAYS on various Subjects. In small 8vo. 4s. 6d.
+
+A LETTER to the REV. DR. MILL, containing some STRICTURES on MR. FABER'S
+recent Work, entitled "The Ancient Vallenses and Albigenses." 8vo. 1s. 6d.
+
+THE VOLUNTARY SYSTEM. New Edition. Small 8vo. 5s. 6d.
+
+NOTES on the CONTRIBUTIONS of the REV. GEORGE TOWNSEND, M.A., Canon of
+Durham, to the New Edition of FOX'S MARTYROLOGY. In Three Parts: 1. On the
+Memoir of Fox, ascribed to his Son. 2. Puritan Thaumaturgy. 3. Historical
+Authority of Fox. 8vo. 8s. 6d.
+
+REMARKS on the REV. S. R. CATTLEY'S DEFENCE of his Edition of FOX'S
+MARTYROLOGY. 8vo. 2s. 6d.
+
+TWELVE LETTERS ON FOX'S ACTS and MONUMENTS. Reprinted from the "British
+Magazine." 8vo. 6s.
+
+A REVIEW of FOX'S HISTORY of the WALDENSES. 8vo. 1s. 6d.
+
+A LETTER to the REV. HUGH JAMES ROSE, B.D., Chaplain to His Grace the
+Archbishop of Canterbury; with STRICTURES on MILNER'S CHURCH HISTORY. 8vo.
+1s. 6d.
+
+A SECOND LETTER to the REV. HUGH JAMES ROSE, B.D.; containing NOTES on
+MILNER'S HISTORY of the CHURCH in the FOURTH CENTURY. 8vo. 2s. 6d.
+
+A LETTER to the REV. JOHN KING, M.A., Incumbent of Christ's Church, Hull;
+occasioned by his PAMPHLET, entitled "Maitland not authorised to censure
+Milner." 8vo. 2s. 6d.
+
+REMARKS on that Part of the REV. J. KING'S PAMPHLET, entitled "Maitland not
+authorised to censure Milner," which relates to the WALDENSES, including a
+Reply to the REV. G. S. FABER'S SUPPLEMENT, entitled "Reinerius and
+Maitland." 8vo. 2s. 6d.
+
+An INDEX of such ENGLISH BOOKS printed before the year MDC. as are now in
+the Archiepiscopal Library at Lambeth. 8vo. 4s.
+
+RIVINGTONS, Waterloo Place, Pall Mall.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{343}
+
+_LONDON, SATURDAY, APRIL_ 15, 1854.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Notes.
+
+PALINDROME VERSES.
+
+BOEOTICUS inquires (Vol. vi., p 209.) whence comes the line--
+
+ "Roma tibi subito motibus ibit amor."
+
+In p. 352. of the same volume W. W. T. (quoting from D'Israeli's
+_Curiosities of Literature_ a passage which supplies the hexameter
+completing the distich, and attributes the verses to Sidonius Apollinaris)
+asks where may be found a legend which represents the two lines to have
+formed part of a dialogue between the fiend, under the form of a mule, and
+a monk, who was his rider. B. H. C., at p. 521. of the same volume, sends a
+passage from the _Dictionnaire Litteraire_, giving the complete distich:
+
+ "Signa te, signa, temere me tangis et angis.
+  Roma tibi subito motibus ibit amor,"
+
+and attributing it to the devil, but without supplying any more authentic
+parentage for the lines. The following Note will contribute a fact or two
+to the investigation of the subject; but I shall be obliged to conclude by
+reiterating the original Query of BOEOTICUS, Who was the real author of the
+lines?
+
+In a little work entitled _A Summer in Brittany_, published by me in 1840,
+may be found (at p. 99. of vol. i.) a legend, which relates how one Jean
+Patye, canon of Cambremer, in the chapter of Bayeux, rode the devil to
+Rome, for the purpose of there chanting the epistle at the midnight mass at
+Christmas, according to the tenor of an ancient bond, which obliged the
+chapter to send one of their number yearly to Rome for that purpose. This
+story I met with in a little volume, entitled _Contes populaires, Prejuges,
+Patois, Proverbes de l'Arrondissement de Bayeux, recueillis et publies_,
+par F. Pluquet, the frontispiece of which consists of a sufficiently
+graphic representation of the worthy canon's feat. Pluquet concludes his
+narrative by stating that--
+
+    "Etienne Tabourot dans ses _Bigarrures_, publiees sous le nom du
+    _Seigneur des Accords_, rapporte que c'est a Saint Antide que le
+    diable, qui le portait a Rome sur son dos, adresse le distique latin
+    dont il est question ci-dessus."
+
+It should seem that this trick of _carrying people to Rome_ was attributed
+to the devil, by those conversant with his habits, in other centuries
+besides the nineteenth.
+
+I have not here the means of looking at the work to which Pluquet refers;
+but if any of your correspondents, who live in more bookish lands than
+this, will do so, they may perchance obtain some clue to the original
+authorship of the lines; for in Sidonius Apollinaris I cannot find them.
+The only edition of his works to which I have the means of referring is the
+quarto of Adrien Perrier, Paris, 1609. Among the verses contained in that
+volume, I think I can assert that the lines in question are not. We all
+know that the worthy author of the _Curiosities of Literature_ cannot be
+much depended upon for accuracy.
+
+Once again, then, Who was the author of this specimen, perhaps the most
+perfect extant, of palindromic absurdity?
+
+T. A. T.
+
+Florence.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CHILDREN CRYING AT THEIR BIRTH.
+
+    "When I was born, I drew in the common air, and fell upon the earth,
+    which is of like nature, _and the first voice which I uttered was
+    crying, as all others do_."--_Wisd._ vii. 3.
+
+ "Tum porro Puer, ut saevis projectus ab undis
+  Navita, _nudus, humi jacet_, Infans, indigus omni
+  Vitali auxilio; cum primum in luminis oras
+  Nixibus ex alvo matris natura profudit:
+  _Vagituque locum lugubri complet_, ut aequum est,
+  Cui tantum in vita restet transire malorum."
+                  _Lucret. De Rer. Nat._, v. 223.
+
+For the benefit of the lady-readers of "N. & Q." I subjoin a translation of
+these beautiful lines of Lucretius:
+
+    "The infant, as soon as Nature with great pangs of travail hath sent it
+    forth from the womb of its mother into the regions of light, lies, like
+    a sailor cast out from the waves, _naked upon the earth_ in utter want
+    and helplessness; _and fills every place around with mournful wailings_
+    and piteous lamentation, as is natural for one who has so many ills of
+    life in store for him, so many evils which he must pass through and
+    suffer."
+
+ "Thou must be patient: we came crying hither;
+  Thou know'st, the first time that we smell the air,
+  We wawle and cry--
+  When we are born, we cry that we are come
+  To this great stage of fools."--Shakspeare's _Lear_.
+
+    "Who remindeth me of the sins of my infancy? 'For in Thy sight none is
+    pure from sin, not even the infant whose life is but a day upon the
+    earth.' (Job xxv. 4.) Who remindeth me? Doth not each little infant, in
+    whom I see what of myself I remember not? What then was my sin? Was it
+    that I _hung upon the breast and cried_?"--St. Austin, _Confess._, lib.
+    i. 7.
+
+    "For man's sake it should seeme that Nature made and produced all other
+    creatures besides; though this great favour of hers, so bountifull and
+    beneficiall in that respect, hath cost them full deere. Insomuch as it
+    is hard to judge, whether in so doing she hath done the part of a kind
+    mother, or a hard and cruell stepdame. For first and foremost, of all
+    other living creatures, man she hath brought forth all naked, and
+    cloathed him with the good and riches of others. To all the rest she
+    hath given sufficient to clad them everie {344} one according to their
+    kind; as namely shells, cods, hard hides, prickes, shagge, bristles,
+    haire, downe, feathers, quils, skailes, and fleeces of wool. The verie
+    trunkes and stemmes of trees and plants, shee hath defended with bark
+    and rind, yea, and the same sometime double against the injuries both
+    of heat and cold: man alone, poore wretch, she hath laid _all naked
+    upon the bare earth, even on his birth-day, to cry and wraule presently
+    from the very first houre that he is borne into this world_: in suche
+    sort as, _among so many living creatures, there is none subject to shed
+    teares and weepe like him. And verily to no babe or infant is it given
+    once to laugh before he be fortie daies old_, and that is counted verie
+    early and with the soonest.... The child of man thus untowardly borne,
+    and who another day is to rule and command all other, loe how he lyeth
+    bound hand and foot, weeping and crying, and beginning his life with
+    miserie, as if he were to make amends and satisfaction by his
+    punishment unto Nature, for this onely fault and trespass, that he is
+    borne alive."--Plinie's _Naturall Historie_, by Phil. Holland, Lond.
+    1601, fol., intr. to b. vii.
+
+The following queries are extracted from Sir Thomas Browne's "Common-place
+Books," _Aristotle, Lib. Animal._:
+
+    "Whether till after forty days children, though they cry, weep not; or,
+    as Scaliger expresseth it, 'Vagiunt sed oculis siccis.'
+
+    "Whether they laugh not upon tickling?
+
+    "Why, though some children have been heard to cry in the womb, _yet so
+    few cry at their birth_, though their heads be out of the
+    womb?"--Bohn's ed. iii. 358.
+
+Thompson follows Pliny, and says that man is "taught _alone_ to weep"
+("Spring," 350.); but--not to speak of the
+
+                 "Cruel crafty crocodile,
+  Which, in false grief hiding his harmful guile,
+  Doth weep full sore and sheddeth tender tears,"
+
+as Spenser sings--the camel weeps when over-loaded, and the deer when
+chased sobs piteously. Thompson himself in a passage he has stolen from
+Shakspeare, makes the stag weep:
+
+                  ----"he stands at bay;
+  _The big round tears_ run down his dappled face;
+  He groans in anguish."--Autumn, 452.
+
+    "Steller relates this of the _Phoca Ursina_, Pallas of the camel, and
+    Humboldt of a small American monkey."--Laurence _On Man_, Lond. 1844,
+    p. 161.
+
+Risibility, and a sense of the ridiculous, is generally considered to be
+the property of man, though _Le Cat_ states that he has seen a chimpanzee
+laugh.
+
+The notion with regard to a child crying at baptism has been already
+touched on in these pages, Vol. vi., p. 601.; Vol. vii., p. 96.
+
+Grose (quoted in Brand) tells us there is a superstition that a child who
+does not cry when sprinkled in baptism will not live; and the same is
+recorded in Hone's _Year-Book_.
+
+EIRIONNACH.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+UNPUBLISHED LETTER OF LORD NELSON.
+
+The following letter of Lord Nelson may, especially at the present moment,
+interest and amuse some of the readers of "N. & Q." The original is in my
+possession, and was given me by the late Miss Churchey of Brecon, daughter
+of the gentleman to whom it was addressed. Can any of your readers inform
+me where the "old lines" quoted by the great hero are to be found?
+
+E. G. BASS.
+
+Ryde, Isle of Wight.
+
+Merton, Oct. 20, 1802.
+
+Sir,
+
+Your idea is most just and proper, that a provision should be made for
+midshipmen who have served a certain time with good characters, and
+certainly twenty pounds is a very small allowance; but how will your
+surprise be increased, when I tell you that their _full_ pay, when
+watching, fighting and bleeding for their country at sea, is not equal to
+that sum. An admiral's half-pay is scarcely equal, including the run of a
+kitchen, to that of a French cook; a captain's but little better than a
+valet's; and a lieutenant's certainly not equal to a London footman's; a
+midshipman's nothing. But as I am a seaman, and faring with them, I can say
+nothing. I will only apply some very old lines wrote at the end of some
+former war:
+
+   "Our God and sailor we adore,
+    In time of danger, not before;
+  The danger past, both are alike requited,
+  God is forgotten, and the sailor slighted."
+
+Your feelings do you great honour, and I only wish all others in the
+kingdom were the same. However, if ever I should be placed in a situation
+to be useful to such a deserving set of young men as our mids, nothing
+shall be left undone which may be in the power of,
+
+          Dear Sir,
+              Your most obedient servant,
+                      NELSON AND BRONTE.
+
+  Walton Churchey, Esq.,
+    Brecon, S. Wales.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+FOLK LORE.
+
+_Devonshire Superstitions._--Seeing that you sometimes insert extracts from
+newspapers, I forward you a copy of a paragraph which appeared in _The
+Times_ of March 7, 1854, and which is worth a corner in your folk-lore
+columns:
+
+    "The following gross case of superstition, which occurred as late as
+    Sunday se'nnight, in one of the largest {345} market towns in the north
+    of Devon, is related by an eye-witness:--A young woman, living in the
+    neighbourhood of Holsworthy, having for some time past been subject to
+    periodical fits of illness, endeavoured to effect a cure by attendance
+    at the afternoon service at the parish church, accompanied by thirty
+    young men, her near neighbours. Service over, she sat in the porch of
+    the church, and each of the young men, as they passed out in
+    succession, dropped a penny into her lap; but the last, instead of a
+    penny, gave her half-a-crown, taking from her the twenty-nine pennies
+    which she had already received. With this half-crown in her hand, she
+    walked three times round the communion-table, and afterwards had it
+    made into a ring, by the wearing of which she believes she will recover
+    her health."
+
+HAUGHMOND ST. CLAIR.
+
+_Quacks._--In the neighbourhood of Sevenoaks, Kent, a little girl was
+bitten by a mad dog lately. Instead of sending for the doctor, her father
+posted off to an old woman famous for her treatment of hydrophobia. The old
+woman sent a quart bottle of some dark liquid, which the patient is to take
+twice or thrice daily: and for this the father, though but a poor labourer,
+had to pay one pound. The liquid is said by the "country sort" to be
+infallible. It is made of herbs plucked by the old woman, and mixed with
+milk. Its preparation is of course a grand secret. As yet, the child keeps
+well.
+
+Near Whitechapel, London, is another old woman, equally famous; but her
+peculiar talent is not for hydrophobia, but for scalds. Whenever any of the
+Germans employed in the numerous sugar-refineries in that neighbourhood
+scald themselves, they beg, instead of being sent to the hospital, to be
+taken to the old woman. For a few sovereigns, she will take them in, nurse,
+and cure them; and I was informed by a proprietor of a large sugar-house
+there, that often in a week she will heal a scald as thoroughly as the
+hospital will in a month, and send the men back hearty and fit for work to
+boot. She uses a good deal of linseed-oil, I am told; but her great secret,
+they say, is, that she gives the whole of her time and attention to the
+patient.
+
+P. M. M.
+
+Temple.
+
+_Burning a Tooth with Salt._--Can any one tell us whence originates the
+custom, very scrupulously observed by many amongst the common people, when
+a tooth has been taken out, of burning it--generally with salt?
+
+TWO SURGEONS.
+
+Half Moon Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PARALLEL PASSAGES.
+
+ "The wine of life is drawn, and the mere lees
+  Is left this vault to brag of."--_Macbeth_, Act II. Sc. 3.
+
+ "These spells are spent, and, spent with these,
+  The wine of life is on the lees."--_Marmion_, introd. to canto i.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    "The _old_ and true saying, that a man is generally more inclined to
+    feel kindly towards one on whom he has conferred favours than towards
+    one from whom he has received them."--Macaulay, _Essay on Bacon_,
+    p. 367. (1-vol. edit.)--Query, whose saying?
+
+    "On s'attache par les services qu'on rend, bien plus qu'on n'est
+    attache par les services qu'on recoit. C'est qu'il y a, dans le coeur
+    de l'homme, bien plus d'orgueil que de reconnaissance."--Alex. Dumas,
+    _La Comtesse de Charny_, II. ch. iii.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ "But earthlier happy is the rose distilled
+  Than that, which, withering on the virgin thorn,
+  Grows, lives, and dies in single blessedness."--_Midsum. Night's Dream_,
+      Act I. Sc. 1.
+
+    "_Maria._ Responde tu mihi vicissim:--utrum spectaculum amoenius: rosa
+    nitens et lactea in suo frutice, an decerpta digitis ac paulatim
+    marcescens?
+
+    "_Pamphilus._ Ego rosam existimo feliciorem quae marcescit in hominis
+    manu, delectans interim et oculos et nares, quam quae senescit in
+    frutice."--Erasmus, _Procus et Puella_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ "And spires whose silent finger points to heaven." (?)
+
+ "And the white spire that points a world of rest."--Mrs. Sigourney,
+     _Connecticut River_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ "She walks the waters _like a thing of life_."--_Byron._
+
+             "The master bold,
+    The high-soul'd and the brave,
+  Who ruled her _like a thing of life_
+    Amid the crested wave."--Mrs. Sigourney, _Bell of the Wreck_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ "Thy heroes, tho' the general doom
+  Have swept the column from the tomb,
+  A mightier monument command,--
+  The mountains of their native land!"--_Byron._
+
+ "Your mountains build their monument,
+  Tho' ye destroy their dust."--Mrs. Sigourney, _Indian Names_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ "Else had I heard the steps, tho' low
+  And light they fell, as when earth receives,
+  In morn of frost, the wither'd leaves
+    That drop when no winds blow."--Scott, _Triermain_, i. _5._
+
+ "Dropp'd, like shed blossoms, silent to the grass."--Hood, _Mids.
+     Fairies_, viii.
+
+ "There is sweet music here that softer falls
+  Than petals from blown roses on the grass."--Tennyson, _Lotos-eaters_.
+
+{346}
+
+ "Two such I saw, what time the labour'd ox
+  In his loose traces from the furrow came."--Milton, _Comus_.
+
+ "While labouring oxen, spent with toil and heat,
+  In their loose traces from the field retreat."--Pope, _Pastoral_, iii.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ "It is the curse of kings, to be attended
+  By slaves that take their humours for a warrant
+  To break into the bloody house of life,
+  And, on the winking of authority,
+  To understand a law: to know the meaning
+  Of dangerous majesty, when perchance it frowns
+  More upon humour than advised respect."--_King John_, Act IV. Sc. 2.
+
+                 "O curse of kings!
+  Infusing a dread life into their words,
+  And linking to the sudden transient thought
+  The unchangeable, irrevocable deed!"--Coleridge, _Death of Wallenstein_,
+      v. 9.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ "Conscience!   .    .    .    .    .    .
+  Your lank jawed, hungry judge will dine upon 't,
+  And hang the guiltless rather than eat his mutton cold."--C. Cibber,
+      _Richard III_.
+
+ "The hungry judges soon the sentence sign,
+  And wretches hang that jurymen may dine."--Pope, _Rape of the Lock_, iii.
+      21.
+
+HARRY LEROY TEMPLE.
+
+"Death and his brother Sleep." Quoted (from Shelley) with parallel passages
+from Sir T. Browne, Coleridge, and Byron in "N. & Q.," Vol. iv., p. 435.
+Add to them the following:
+
+ "Care-charmer Sleep, son of the sable Night,
+  Brother to Death, in silent darkness born."
+
+_Samuel Daniel_, Spenser's successor as "voluntary Laureate."
+
+ "Care-charming Sleep, thou easer of all woes,
+  Brother to Death."--Fletcher, _Valentinian_.
+
+ "The death of each day's life."--Shakspeare, _Macbeth_, Act II. Sc. 2.
+
+ "Teach me to live, that I may dread
+  The grave as little as my bed."--_Bishop Ken._
+
+ "We thought her sleeping when she died;
+  And dying, when she slept."--_Hood._
+
+ "Somne levis, quanquam certissima mortis imago
+    Consortem cupio te tamen esse tori;
+  Alma quies, optata, veni, nam sic sine vita
+    Vivere quam suave est; sic sine morte mori."--_T. Warton._
+          [_Finely translated by Wolcot._]
+ "Come, gentle sleep! attend thy vot'ry's pray'r,
+  And, though Death's image, to my couch repair;
+  How sweet, though lifeless, yet with life to lie,
+  And, without dying, oh, how sweet to die!"
+
+ "While sleep the weary world reliev'd,
+  By counterfeiting death revived."--Butler, _Hudibras_.
+
+ "Shake off this downy sleep, death's counterfeit,
+  And look on death itself!"--Shakspeare, _Macbeth_, Act II. Sc. 3.
+
+ "Nature, alas! why are thou so
+  Obliged unto thy greatest foe?
+  Sleep that is thy best repast,
+  Yet of death it bears a taste,
+  And both are the same things at last."--Dennis, _Sophonisba_.
+
+       "Great Nature's second course,
+  Chief nourisher in life's feast."--Shakspeare, _Macbeth_, Act II. Sc. 2.
+
+CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A.
+
+    "Nothing doth countervail a faithful friend."--_Ecclesias._ vi. 15.
+
+ "Nil ego contulerim jucundo sanus amico."--Hor. _Sat._ v. 44.
+
+    "If thou wouldst get a friend, _prove him_ first, and be not hasty to
+    credit him."--_Ecclesias._ v. 7.
+
+    "_Diu cogita_, an tibi in amicitiam aliquis recipiendus sit: cum
+    placuerit fieri, toto illum pectore admitte: tam audacter cum illo
+    loquere, quam tecum."--Seneca, _Epist._ iii.
+
+    "Quid dulcius, quam habere amicum quicum omnia audeas sic loquere quam
+    tecum."--Cic., _de Amic._ 6.
+
+ "The friends thou hast, and their _adoption tried_,
+  Grapple them to thy heart with hoops of steel."
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ "But do not dull thy palm with entertainment
+  Of each new-hatch'd, unfledg'd comrade."--Shakspeare, _Hamlet_, Act I.
+      Sc. 3.
+
+    "Bring not every man into thy house."--_Ecclesias._ vi. 7.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+    "A man's attire, and excessive laughter, and gait, show what he
+    is."--_Ecclesias._ xix. 30.
+
+ "---- The apparel oft proclaims the man."--_Hamlet_, Act I. Sc. 3.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ "Unus Pellaeo juveni non sufficit orbis:
+  AEstuat infelix angusto limite mundi,
+  Ut Gyarae clausus scopulis, parvaque Seripho."--_Juv._ x. 168.
+
+    "_Hamlet._ What have you, my good friends, deserved at the hands of
+    fortune, that she sends you to prison here?
+
+    _Guildenstern._ Prison, my lord!
+
+    _Ham._ Denmark's a prison.
+
+    _Rosencrantz._ Then is the _world_ one.
+
+    _Ham._ A goodly one, in which there are many confines, wards, and
+    dungeons; Denmark being one of the worst.
+
+    _Ros._ We think not so, my lord.
+
+    _Ham._ Why, then, 'tis none to you; for there is nothing either good or
+    bad, but thinking makes it so: to me it is a prison.
+
+    _Ros._ Why, then, your ambition makes it one; 'tis too narrow for your
+    mind."--Shakspeare, _Hamlet_, Act II. Sc. 2.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+{347}
+
+    "Ad hanc legem natus es; hoc patri tuo accidit, hoc matri, hoc
+    majoribus, hoc omnibus ante te, hoc omnibus post te, series invicta, et
+    nulla mutabilis ope, illigat ac trahit cuncta."
+
+ "_King._ ---- You must know, your father lost a father;
+  That father lost--lost his;   .    .    .
+    .    .    .    .    .    .    .    .
+  To reason most absurd, whose common theme
+  Is death of fathers, and who still hath cry'd,
+  From the first corse, 'till he that died to-day,
+  _This must be so_."--_Hamlet_, Act I. Sc. 2.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+    "[Greek: Apo de tou me echontos]," &c.--_Ante_, Vol. viii., p. 372.
+
+    "Besides this, _nothing_ that he so plentifully gives me."--Shakspeare,
+    _As You Like It_, Act I. Sc. 1.
+
+J. W. F.
+
+Having observed several Notes in different Numbers of your interesting
+publication, in which sentences have been quoted from the works of ancient
+and modern authors that are almost alike in words, or contain the same
+ideas clothed in different language, I would only add, that those of your
+readers or correspondents who take an interest in such inquiries will find
+instances enough, in a work which was published in Venice in 1624, to fill
+several columns of "N. & Q." The volume is entitled _Il Seminario de
+Governi di Stato, et di Guerra_.
+
+W. W.
+
+Malta.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Notes.
+
+_Vallancey's Green Book._--Perhaps your readers are not aware of the
+existence of the curious and interesting volume mentioned in the following
+cutting from Jones's last _Catalogue_ (D'Olier St. Dublin). It may
+therefore be worth making a note of in your columns:
+
+    "1008. Vallancey's Green Book, _manuscript, folio_.
+
+    *** Vallancey's Green Book, so named from being bound in green vellum,
+    was the volume in which the celebrated Irish antiquary, General Charles
+    Vallancey, entered the titles of all the manuscripts and printed works
+    relative to Ireland which he had occasion to consult in his antiquarian
+    researches. The copy now offered for sale is believed to be the only
+    one extant. Bound in the same volume is a collection of the titles of
+    all the manuscripts relating to Ireland, which are preserved in the
+    Archbishop of Canterbury's library, at Lambeth, London."
+
+R. H.
+
+Trin. Coll., Dublin.
+
+_Herrings._--"The lovers of fish" may be glad to learn what a bloater is, a
+mystery which I endeavoured to unravel when lately on the Norfolk coast. A
+bloater, I was informed, is a large, plump herring (as we say a _bloated_
+toad); and the genuine claimants of the title fall by their own weight from
+the meshes of the net.
+
+The origin of the simile--"As dead as a herring"--may not be generally
+known. This fish dies immediately upon its removal from the native element
+(strange to say) from want of air; for swimming near the surface it
+requires much, and the gills, when dry, cannot perform their function.
+
+C. T.
+
+_Byron and Rochefoucauld._--The following almost word-for-word renderings
+of two of Rochefoucauld's _Reflexions_ occur in the third and fourth
+stanzas of the third canto of Byron's _Don Juan_. I am not aware that any
+notice has been taken of them beyond a note appended to the first passage,
+in Moore's edition of Byron's _Works_, attributing the _mot_ to Montaigne:
+
+ "Yet there are some, they say, who have had _none_,
+  But those who have ne'er end with only _one_."--_Byron._
+
+    "On peut trouver des femmes qui n'ont jamais eu de galanterie; mais il
+    est rare d'en trouver qui n'en aient jamais eu
+    qu'une."--Rochefoucauld's _Maximes et Reflexions Morales_.
+
+ "In her first passion, woman loves her lover,
+  In all the others all she loves is love."--_Byron_
+
+    "Dans les premieres passions les femmes aiment l'amant; dans les autres
+    elles aiment l'amour."--Rochefoucauld's _Maximes et Reflexions
+    Morales_.
+
+SIGMA.
+
+Customs, London.
+
+"_Abscond._"--This is a word which appears to have lost its primary meaning
+of concealment, apart from that of escape. Horace Walpole, however, uses it
+in the former sense:
+
+    "Virette _absconds_, and has sent M. de Pecquigny word that _he shall
+    abscond_ till he can find a proper opportunity of fighting him."
+
+CHEVERELLS.
+
+_Garlands, Broadsheets, &c._--Will you allow me to suggest to your
+correspondents, that it would be very desirable, for literary and
+antiquarian purposes, to form as complete a list as possible of public and
+private collections of garlands, broadsheets, chap-books, ballads, tracts,
+&c.; and to ask them to forward to "N. & Q." the names of any such public
+or private collections as they may be acquainted with. I need not say
+anything of the importance and value of the ballads, &c., contained in such
+collections, to the historical student and the archaeologist, for their
+value is too well known to require it; but I would earnestly urge the
+formation of such a list as the one I now {348} suggest, which will greatly
+facilitate literary researches.
+
+J.
+
+_Life-belts._--Suppose that each person on board the Tayleur had been
+supplied with a life-belt, how many hundreds of lives would have been
+saved? And when it is considered that such belts can be made for less than
+half-a-crown each, what reason can there be that government should not
+require them to be carried, at least in emigrant vessels, if passengers are
+so ignorant and stupid as not voluntarily to provide them for themselves?
+
+THINKS I TO MYSELF.
+
+_Turkey and Russia--The Eastern Question_ (Vol. ix., p. 244.).--The past
+history of these rival states presents more than one parallel passage like
+the following, extracted from Watkins's _Travels through Switzerland,
+Italy, the Greek Islands, to Constantinople, &c._ (2nd edit., two vols.
+8vo. 1794):
+
+    "The Turks have been, and indeed deserve to be, praised for the manner
+    in which they declared war against the Russians. They sent by Mr.
+    Bulgakoff, her Imperial Majesty's minister at the Porte, to demand the
+    restitution of the Crimea, which had been extorted from them by the
+    merciless despot of R----a, (_sic_) when too much distressed by a
+    rebellion in Egypt to protect it. On his return without an answer they
+    put him in the Seven Towers, and commenced hostilities. They hate the
+    Russians; and to show it the more, frequently call a Frank _Moscoff_.
+    To the English they are more partial than to any other Christian
+    nation, from a tradition that Mahomet was prevented by death from
+    converting our ancestors to his faith."--Vol. ii. pp. 276-7.
+
+J. MACRAY.
+
+Oxford.
+
+"_Verbatim et literatim._"--As this phrase often finds insertion, even in
+the pages of "N. & Q.," it may be well to call attention to the fact that
+there is no such adverb as _literatim_ in the Latin language. There is the
+adverb _literate_, which means after the manner of a literate man,
+learnedly; but to express the idea intended by the coined word _literatim_,
+I think we must use the form _ad literam_--"_Verbatim et ad literam._"
+
+L. H. J. TONNA.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Queries.
+
+PRINTS OF LONDON BEFORE THE GREAT FIRE.
+
+In addition to the Tower, there was in Cromwell's time the fortification of
+Baynard's Castle, near Blackfriars, and the city gates were also
+fortifications on a small scale; they were rebuilt (St. John's,
+Clerkenwell, excepted, which was spared) after the Great Fire, and were
+taken down somewhere about 1760. Can any of your readers tell me whether
+there is any series of prints extant of the most remarkable buildings which
+were destroyed by the fire? There are some few maps, and a print or two
+interspersed here and there, in the British Museum; but is there any
+regular series of plates? We know that Inigo Jones built a Grecian portico
+on to the east end of the Gothic cathedral of old St. Paul's, surmounted
+with statues of Charles I., &c.; that the Puritans destroyed a beautiful
+conduit at the top of Cheapside; that Sir Thomas Gresham's Exchange was
+standing. But among the many city halls burnt down, were there any fine
+specimens of architecture, any churches worthy of note? And as Guildhall
+was not entirely consumed, what parts of the present edifice belong to the
+olden time?
+
+You are doubtless aware that the fire did not extend to St. Giles's
+Cripplegate, and that at the back of the church are remains of the old city
+walls.
+
+ARDELIO.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+BATTLE OF OTTERBURN.
+
+On what authority does Mr. Tytler (_History of Scotland_, vol. iii. pp.
+45--53.), in his otherwise very fair account of this celebrated battle,
+assert that the Earl of Douglas was a younger man than Hotspur? I have no
+doubt that he found it so recorded somewhere, and willingly believed that
+his countrymen had prevailed, not only over superior numbers of the enemy,
+but also over greater experience on the part of the hostile general; but a
+little more investigation would have shown him that the difference of age
+lay the other way. Henry Percy, by his own account (in the Scrope and
+Grosvenor Controversy), was born in 1366, and was therefore twenty-two when
+the battle was fought. I do not know that there is any direct evidence to
+Douglas's age, but the following considerations appear to me decisive as to
+his being much older than his rival.
+
+1. Froissart's visit to Scotland was undoubtedly prior to 1366 (although
+the exact date is not given), and during his stay of fifteen days at
+Dalkeith, he saw much of the youthful heir of that castle, the future hero
+of Otterburn, and describes him as a "promising youth."
+
+2. Hotspur, in his deposition above mentioned, says that he first bore arms
+at the siege of Berwick in 1378; but his antagonist must have commenced his
+military career long before, as Froissart mentions him as knighted on the
+occasion of the battle fought a few days after the surrender of that place,
+between Sir Archibald Douglas and Sir Thomas Musgrave; none but kings' sons
+were knighted in childhood in those days, or without undergoing a long
+previous probation in the inferior grades of chivalry.
+
+3. An early and constant family (if not general) tradition asserts that
+Douglas had a natural son {349} (ancestor of the Cavers family), old enough
+to bear his father's banner in the battle; on this, however, I lay little
+stress, as Froissart distinctly assigns that honourable post to another
+person, David Campbell, who was slain by the side of his lord.
+
+Mr. Tytler is also evidently wrong in placing, on the authority of
+Macpherson's _Notes on Winton_, this battle on the 5th of August, 1388.
+Froissart gives the date as the 19th of August, and as the moon was full on
+the 18th, the combatants would have bright moonlight all night, which
+agrees with all the narratives; on the 5th they would have little
+moonlight, and would have lost it soon.
+
+Though not very germane to the matter, except as being a point of
+chronology, I may add here that the remarkable solar eclipse, long
+remembered in Scotland by the name of the "Dark Hour," did not occur, as
+stated by Mr. Tytler, on 17th June, 1432, but on the same month and day of
+the following year.
+
+J. S. WARDEN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+DE BEAUVOIR PEDIGREE.
+
+I have in my possession a curious ancient pedigree of De Beauvoir and
+Harryes, headed thus:
+
+    "The name De Beauvoir is from ---- in the kingdom of England; came into
+    England with y^e Conquest of the Norman Duke, from whom is descended
+    all that are now in England, they bearing for their coate armour the
+    _first_, Azure, a chevron or, between three cinquefeuilles argent, by
+    the name of De Beauvoir. The _second_ he beareth the guelles a chevron
+    between three hayeres heads erased, by the name of Harreys. The _third_
+    (or) a lyon rampant azure, by the name of Throlpe. The _fourth_,
+    Argent, a fess between three cressentes azure, by the name of ...
+    within a mantle doubled guelles on two helmetes and torseyes proper and
+    the first a demy-dragon, adorned properly guelles and argent, vert, by
+    the foresaid name De Beauvoir; on the second a harye sitting argent
+    between two bushes vert."
+
+The pedigree begins with "Sir Robert Beauvoir, Lord Beauvoir, Lord Baron of
+Beaver Castle, Knt.;" and the maternal line with "Sir Robert Harryes of
+Malden in Essex, Knt., came into England with the Saxons."
+
+In the tenth descent the sole heiress is represented as marrying "Robert,
+Lord Bellmoint," whose sole daughter married "John, Lord Manners, father of
+Edmund Manners, first Earl of Rutland, from whom is descended Roger, Earl
+of Rutland, now living."
+
+The pedigree ends with the nineteenth descendant, Henry de Beauvoir, of the
+Isle of Guernsey, who married the daughter of Peter Harreys of the Isle of
+Guernsey.
+
+Can any reader of "N. & Q." inform me whether descendants of that marriage
+are still to be found, and where?
+
+There are points in the pedigree, as genealogists will see, totally
+discrepant from the Peerages.
+
+THOMAS RUSSELL POTTER.
+
+Wymeswold.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries.
+
+_Dog-whippers: Frankincense._--Can any reader throw light upon the
+following entries in the churchwardens' account-book for the parish of
+Forest Hill, near Oxford?
+
+    "1694. P^d to Tho. Mills for whipping dogs out of church, 1 shilling.
+
+    "1702. P^d for frankincense for the church, 6 pence."
+
+The only passage which occurs to me as at all bearing upon so late a use of
+incense in parish churches in this country, is the following extract from
+Herbert:
+
+    "The country parson hath a care that his church be swept and kept
+    clean; and at great festivals, strewed and stuck with boughs, and
+    perfumed with incense."
+
+This hardly brings the custom later than 1630.
+
+As regards the former entry, I am told by a friend that the office of
+dog-whipper existed about fifty years ago for the church of Heversham in
+Westmoreland.
+
+C. F. W.
+
+_Atchievement in Yorkshire--Lipyeatt Family._--Found and noted in a
+Yorkshire church tower, an atchievement painted apparently about forty or
+fifty years ago, of which no account can be given by the sexton or parish
+clerk. Query, to what names do the bearings belong? viz. Vert, on a fess
+or, between three bezants, three lions passant azure. Impaling: Vert, three
+swans in tri, statant, wings erect, argent. Crest, a lion passant azure,
+langued gules. The swans have head, neck, and body like swans, but their
+legs appear to have been borrowed from the stork. It is suspected that the
+dexter coat belongs to one of the Wiltshire Lipyeatts.
+
+Is there any pedigree of the Lipyeatt family, who were burghers of wealth
+and consideration in the town of Marlborough, from the middle of the
+seventeenth century down to the latter part of the eighteenth?
+
+PATONCE.
+
+"_Waestart._"--A common expression of sorrow or condolence among the lower
+classes in the manufacturing district around Leeds, in Yorkshire. Whence
+does it arise? Is it an abbreviation of "Woe to my heart," "Woe is me"?
+
+J. L. S., Sen.
+
+_Rebellion of 1715._--Has any report been published of the trial of the
+prisoners taken at Preston? Mr. Baron Bury, Mr. Justice Eyre, and Mr. Baron
+Montague opened the Commission at Liverpool. The trials began on January
+20, 1716, and lasted till February 8.
+
+THOMAS BAKER.
+
+{350}
+
+"_Athenian Sport._"--Who was the writer of _Athenian Sport, or Two Thousand
+Paradoxes, merely argued to amuse and divert the Age_, by a Member of the
+Athenian Society, London, 1707?[1] It would almost appear to have been a
+burlesque upon the _Athenian Oracle_.
+
+HENRY T. RILEY.
+
+[Footnote 1: Lowndes has attributed this work, but we think incorrectly, to
+the celebrated John Dunton.--ED.]
+
+_Gutta Percha made soluble._--Can any one inform me how gutta percha may be
+made so soluble, that a coating of it may be given any article, which shall
+dry as hard as its former state? I have tried melting it in a ladle, but it
+never hardened properly.
+
+E. B.
+
+Leeds.
+
+_Arms of Anthony Kitchen._--Can any of your correspondents inform me what
+were the arms of Anthony Kitchen, Bishop of Llandaff in 1545? And what
+relation, if any, of Robert Kitchen, who was Mayor of Bristol in 1588? The
+latter was of Kendal in Westmoreland.
+
+D. F. T.
+
+_Griesbach Arms._--Could any correspondent versed in German heraldry tell
+me the arms of the German family of Griesbach, or refer me to any work
+containing a collection of German arms?
+
+CID.
+
+_Postage System of the Romans._--Could any of your correspondents inform me
+where I may find a perfect account of the postal system of the Romans? We
+know that they must have had such a system, but I have forgotten the author
+who gives any description of it.
+
+ARDELIO.
+
+_Three Crowns and Sugar-loaf._--Passing through Franche (a village near
+Kidderminster in Worcestershire) the other day, I saw an inn called "The
+Three Crowns and Sugar-loaf." As there seems to me not the _least_
+connexion between a crown and a sugar-loaf, I send this to "N. & Q." in
+hopes of an explanation from some of its readers more skilled than myself
+in such matters.
+
+CID.
+
+_Helen MacGregor._--In Burke's _Landed Gentry_ (Supplement, art. "MacGregor
+of Craigrostan and Inversnaid") this redoubted heroine is described as "a
+woman of _agreeable temper_ and domestic habits, active and careful in the
+management of her family affairs." This is so directly opposed, not only to
+Scott's description, but to the generality of traditions about her, that,
+as Campbell says, "it makes the hair of one's literary faith stand on end."
+Helen was, very likely, a different person from what she afterwards became,
+ere the events happened that drove Rob Roy "to the hill-side to become a
+broken man;" but one can hardly imagine her, in her most happy days, to
+have been such a person as is above depicted--an amiable wife and clever
+housekeeper. The pen of a descendant is evident, in the partial description
+given of both husband and wife.
+
+J. S. WARDEN.
+
+_Francis Grose the Antiquary._--Francis Grose, the distinguished antiquary,
+was Captain and Adjutant of the Surrey Militia, commanded by Col. Hodges,
+in which regiment he served for many years; but on some occasion, probably
+breach of discipline, he was brought to a general court-martial. The
+regiment formed part of the large encampment of 15,000 men on Cocksheath,
+near Maidstone, in 1778. I think the trial took place then, or within a
+year or two of that date; and should be thankful to any reader of "N. & Q."
+who would supply me with the precise date when the court-martial assembled?
+
+[Greek: Ss.]
+
+"_King of Kings:" Bishop Andrews' Sermons._--From MS. Account of Fellows of
+Kings, compiled from 1750, A.D. 1583, Geffrey King, D.D., Professor of
+Hebrew, Cambridge, first chaplain to Bancroft and James I., whether he or
+Thos. King, 1605, or James King, 1609? One of them began his sermon at St.
+James: "I, King of Kings, come to James the First and Sixth, nothing
+wavering."
+
+    "These puns much applauded in those times, insomuch that the preacher
+    would stop to receive applause, which was expressed by loud and
+    repeated hums. In Bishop Andrews' printed Sermons, these stops may be
+    discovered."
+
+Is this true of Bishop Andrews' _Sermons?_
+
+J. H. L.
+
+_Scroope Family._--Will any one be so good as to clear up the doubts
+noticed in the peerage books as to the family of Henry Lord Scroope, of
+Bolton, who died about 22 Henry VII.? His wives are generally stated to
+have been daughters of the Earl of Northumberland and Lord Scroope of
+Upsal; but other accounts are to be met with. What however I particularly
+refer to, is the question, who was the mother of his daughter Alice, who
+married Sir Gilbert Talbot? Lady Talbot could not have been by the daughter
+of Lord Scroope of Upsal; as, if so, she and her issue would have inherited
+her grandfather's barony, which it is certain was enjoyed by his younger
+brothers. Very likely Mr. Scroope's unpublished volume on the Lords Scroope
+and their seat Coombe Castle explains this.
+
+S. N.
+
+_Harrison the Regicide--Lowle._--Thomas Willing, son of Joseph Willing and
+Anne Lowle (his second wife), married July 16, 1704, Anne Harrison, a
+grand-daughter of the Regicide. Charles (son of Thomas and Anne, born in
+Bristol, 1710) married Anne Shippen. One of their daughters married Sir
+Walter Stirling; and a {351} great-granddaughter (Miss Bingham) married Mr.
+Baring, afterwards Lord Ashburton. I should be obliged for information as
+follows:
+
+1. Through what descent was Anne Harrison a descendant of the Regicide?
+
+2. Is anything known of the Lowle family? Their arms were, "Sa., a hand
+grasping three darts argent."
+
+ T. BALCH.
+
+Philadelphia.
+
+_"Chair" or "Char."_--I am desirous of ascertaining the meaning of this
+term, as occurring frequently in the Cambridgeshire Fens. It is variously
+spelt, _chair_, _chaire_, _chare_, or _char_. In the Cambridgeshire dialect
+it may be remarked, _air_ or _are_ is pronounced as "ar." Thus, _upstairs_,
+_bare_, are "upstars," "bar." There is a Char Fen at Stretham, laid down in
+Sir Jonah Moore's Map (1663). There is also a Chare Fen at Cottenham; and
+at Littleport is a place called Littleport Chair. This last had the name at
+least as early as Edward II.'s reign; as in a description of a neighbouring
+fen, not later than that date, one boundary is "A le _chaire_ per
+Himmingslode usque Gualslode End." A friend who has searched the documents
+in the Fen Office at Ely on this subject for me, has been unable to
+discover the least clue to the meaning of the term.
+
+At Newcastle-on-Tyne, a narrow street or passage between houses is called a
+_chare_; but there is nothing narrow about Char Fen, which was part of an
+open common. The course of the rivers at Littleport may be imagined to form
+a rude outline of a chair or seat; but this does not apply to the other
+instances in which the name occurs.
+
+There are numerous local names in the fens, of which the history may be
+traced for some centuries, deserving investigation.
+
+E. G. R.
+
+_Aches._--I am aware that there is abundant proof of "aches" being a
+dissyllable when Shakspeare wrote, and long after; but I wish to know
+whether there is any _rhyme_ earlier than that in Butler, which fixes the
+pronunciation as _artches_.
+
+S. S.
+
+_Leeming Hall._--There was formerly a mansion somewhere between Liverpool
+and Preston, called Leeming Hall. Can any of the correspondents of "N. &
+Q." inform me if it still exists, and what is the name of the present
+owner? I should also be glad to have some information respecting the
+genealogy of the family of Leemings, who formerly lived there, or to learn
+the name and residence of some member of the family to whom I could apply
+for such information.
+
+G.
+
+_Caricature; a Canterbury Tale._--Many facts are recorded in the
+caricatures of the day, of which there is no other account. The reference
+of the following may be well known, but I should feel obliged by any of
+your correspondents explaining it. Fox, the Prince of Wales, and a third
+figure (?), are in a boat pushing off from shore, with Burke looking over a
+wall with a large bag in his hand. He says, "D----me, Charley, don't leave
+me in the lurch;" who replies, "Self-preservation is the first law of
+nature." His companions joining with "Push off, Charley, push off."
+
+H.
+
+_Perpetual Curates not represented in Convocation._--In _Lectures on Church
+Difficulties_, by the Rev. J. M. Neale, I find this statement:
+
+    "Under the old regime rectors and vicars were alone, generally
+    speaking, allowed a vote in the election of proctors, to the exclusion
+    from that privilege of even perpetual curates."--Lecture xi., p. 133.
+
+I believe that this is correct, and that the curates spoken of as having
+their votes rejected in Day _versus_ Knewstubbs, were perpetual curates:
+but can some of your correspondents confirm this view by facts?
+
+WM. FRASER.
+
+Tor-Mohun.
+
+_Dr. Whichcote and Dorothy Jordan._--In the preface to the edition of the
+plays of Wycherley and others, edited by Mr. Leigh Hunt, the following
+passage occurs:
+
+    "The two best sermons we ever heard (and no disparagement to many a
+    good one from the pulpit) were a sentence of Dr. Whichcote's against
+    the multiplication of things forbidden, and the honest, heart and soul
+    laugh of Dorothy Jordan."
+
+I feel rather curious to read a sentence which is said to possess so much
+instruction.
+
+[Greek: Xanthos].
+
+_Moral Philosophy._--What English writers have treated of the obligation of
+oaths and promises, or generally of moral philosophy, between the
+Reformation and the time of Bishop Sanderson?
+
+H. P.
+
+_Shelley's "Prometheus Unbound."_--Can any of your correspondents, by
+conjecture or reference to the original MS., elucidate the meaning of the
+following passage, which occurs in Act II. Sc. 4. of this extraordinary
+poem? It sounds so sweetly that one cannot but wish it were possible to
+understand it.
+
+ "_Asia._ Who made that sense which, when the winds of spring
+  In rarest visitation, or the voice
+  Of one beloved heard in youth alone,
+  Fills the faint eyes with falling tears which dim
+  The radiant looks of unbewailing flowers,
+  And leaves this peopled world a solitude
+  When it returns no more?"
+
+Shelley's mysticism is very often such as to render him unintelligible to
+ordinary readers, but it is combined here with a want of grammatical {352}
+connexion that makes obscurity ten times more obscure. I have not the least
+idea whether "fills" refers to "sense which," or to "voice;" but
+whichsoever it may belong to, it is evident that the other nominative
+singular, as also the plural "winds of spring," have no verbs, either
+expressed or understood, to govern. A line or two may have dropped out; but
+all editions as far as I am aware, give the passage as above. In Act I., at
+p. 195. line 7 of the edition of 1853, occurs a curious error (I presume of
+the press); Mercury, addressing the Furies, says:
+
+       "Back to your towers of iron,
+  And gnash beside the streams of fire, and wail
+  Your foodless teeth."
+
+The having no food to put between one's teeth is no doubt a very sufficient
+cause for wailing, but still I think the passage would run better if
+"gnash" and "wail" exchanged places. How do other editions give it?
+
+J. S. WARDEN.
+
+_Turkish Language._--Are there any easy dialogues in the Turkish language,
+but in the English type, to be obtained; and where? If there be not, I
+think it would be desirable to publish some, with names of common objects,
+&c.
+
+HASSAN.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Minor Queries with Answers.
+
+[Illustration]
+
+_Illustrated Bible of 1527._--Can you inform me whether there is any Bible
+published in 1527 at Lyons, with Hans Holbein's cuts in it, and what
+engraver used this monogram, as I have a Bible of that date, the plates of
+which are almost fac-similes (some of them) of Holbein's cuts, which were
+published by Pickering? The date of the Bible is 1527.
+
+    "Impressa autem Lugduni per Jacobum Mareschall feliciter explicat, anno
+    nostri Salutis 1527."
+
+L. S. C.
+
+    [Several editions of the Bible were printed in the early part of the
+    sixteenth century at Lyons, some of them ornamented with cuts from
+    designs similar to those of Holbein. Two or three from the press of
+    Mareschall are in the British Museum. We believe there were no Bibles
+    printed at Lyons in which it was acknowledged that the cuts were
+    designed by Holbein. The following notice of the monogram occurs in
+    _Dictionnaire des Monogrammes_, par F. Bruilliot, part i. p. 421., No.
+    3208.: "Cette marque, dont on ne connait pas la signification, se
+    trouve sur une copie d'une gravure en bois de Jean Springinklee,
+    representant l'enfant Jesus couche a terre, entoure de trois anges, et
+    adore par St. Joseph et par la Ste. Vierge. A droite au travers d'une
+    fenetre pres d'une colonne on remarque le boeuf et l'ane, et au milieu
+    du fond deux bergers dont l'un ote son chapeau. La marque est au bas a
+    gauche pres de l'habit de St. Joseph. Bartsch decrit l'original, _P.
+    Gr._ t. vii. p. 328., No. 51."]
+
+_Heraldic Query._--Can you help me towards ascertaining the date and
+meaning of the following device, which I find upon an old picture-frame,
+the portrait once inclosed in which has long since been destroyed?
+
+On a disk, of about six inches in diameter, are engraved the royal arms of
+Great Britain, without the harp, but with the Scots lion. You will at once
+perceive the peculiarity of this bearing, the harp and the lion having been
+added at the same time by James I. The leopards occupy the first quarter,
+the ground of which is semeed with _hearts_; the Scots lion the second, his
+feet resting upon a quaint band, which seems to occupy the place of the
+usual bordure. The three fleurs-de-lis, very much broadened, and taking
+almost the shape of crowns, occupy the places of the third and fourth
+quarters.
+
+The only instance I can find of a single lion or leopard appearing upon a
+coin without the harp, is a coin (a half-florin) of Edward III., on the
+obverse of which appears a leopard crowned, with a banner of the arms of
+England fastened to his neck, and flowing back upon his shoulder.
+
+RUDING.
+
+Oxford and Cambridge Club.
+
+    [Our correspondent has wasted his ingenuity: the bearings are, first
+    quarter, Denmark, Or, semee of hearts gules, three lions passant
+    guardant. Second quarter, Norway, a lion crowned, or holding a Danish
+    battle-axe. In base Azure, three crowns, or two and one, Sweden.
+    Surmounted by the royal crown. See _Souverains du Monde_, t. iii.
+    p. 430.]
+
+_Richard de Sancto Victorie._--In Anthony Mundy's _Successe of the Times_,
+under the head "Scotland," he says,--
+
+    "In this King Alexander's reign (1110) lived also the holy man, Richard
+    de Sancto Victorie, being a Scot borne, but lyving the more part of his
+    time at Paris, in Fraunce, where he died, and lieth buried in the Abbey
+    of S. Victorie, he being a brother of the same house."
+
+Can you furnish any particulars of my countryman Richard?
+
+PERTHENSIS.
+
+    [Richard, Abbot of St. Victor, was born in the reign of David I. After
+    such education as Scotland afforded, in polite literature, the sacred
+    Scriptures, and mathematics, the principal objects of his early
+    studies, he went over to Paris. Here the fame of Hugh, Abbot of St.
+    Victor, induced him to settle in that monastery, to pursue his
+    theological studies. In 1164, upon the death of Hugh, he was chosen
+    prior, which office he filled for nine years with great wisdom and
+    prudence. He died March 10, 1173, and was buried in that monastery. He
+    was the author of several treatises on subjects of practical divinity,
+    and on scripture criticism, particularly on the description of
+    Solomon's temple, Ezekiel's temple, and on the apparent contradictions
+    in the books of Kings and Chronicles. They were all published at Paris
+    in 1518 and 1540 in {353} two vols. folio, at Venice in 1692, at
+    Cologne in 1621, and at Rouen in 1650, which is reckoned the best
+    edition. A summary account of his works is given in Mackenzie's _Lives
+    and Characters of Writers of the Scots Nation_, vol i. p. 147., edit.
+    1708.]
+
+_St. Blase._--In Norwich, every fifty years, the festival of Bishop Blase
+is observed with great ceremony. What connexion had he with that city?
+
+W. P. E.
+
+    [Norwich formerly abounded with woolcombers, who still esteem Bishop
+    Blase as their patron saint, probably from the [Combe of Yren] with
+    which he was tortured previously to his martyrdom. "No other reason,"
+    says Alban Butler, "than the great devotion of the people to this
+    celebrated martyr of the Church, seems to have given occasion to the
+    woolcombers to choose him the titular patron of their profession; on
+    which account his festival is still kept by them with a solemn guild at
+    Norwich."]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies.
+
+LEICESTER AS RANGER OF SNOWDON.
+
+(Vol. ix., p. 125.)
+
+In a note to Parry's _Royal Visits and Progresses in Wales_, p. 317., I
+find the following allusion to the circumstances mentioned in ELFFIN AP
+GWYDDNO'S Query regarding Leicester's Rangership of Snowdon, and the
+patriotic opposition offered to his oppressions. I regret I am unable to
+afford the desired information respecting the imprisonment of the Welsh
+gentleman in the Tower. Could not this be furnished by some of your readers
+who have access to public documents and records of the period? This
+imprisonment is not mentioned either in the account I append, or in a
+longer one to be found in Appendix XVI. vol. iii. of Pennant's _Tour in
+Wales_:
+
+    "Among the Welsh nobility who formed a part of her Majesty's household,
+    were Sir Richard Bulkeley, Bart., and Mrs. Blanche Parry, both of whom
+    seem to have been brought up in the court from their infancy, and,
+    consequently, in great esteem with her Majesty; so much so, that the
+    Earl of Leicester, the Queen's favourite, began to be jealous of Sir
+    Richard: and with a view of having him removed from court, he made an
+    attempt to have him accused, upon false evidence, of treason. With this
+    wicked design, the Earl of Leicester informed her Majesty that the
+    council had been examining Sir Richard Bulkeley, and that they found
+    him a dangerous person; that he dwelt in a suspicious corner of the
+    world, and should be committed to the Tower. 'What! Sir Richard
+    Bulkeley!' said the Queen; 'he never intended us any harm. We have
+    brought him up from a boy, and have had special trial of his fidelity;
+    ye shall not commit him.' 'We have the care of your Majesty's person,'
+    said the Earl, 'and see more and hear more of the man than you do: he
+    is of an aspiring mind, and lives in a remote place.' 'Before God!'
+    replied the Queen; 'we will be sworn upon the Holy Evangelists, he
+    never intended any harm.' And then her Majesty ran to the Bible, and
+    kissing it, said: 'You shall not commit him; we have brought him up
+    from a boy.' Sir Richard, however, was too high-minded to suffer such
+    an imputation to be laid to his character. He insisted on an inquiry;
+    during which it appeared, that Lord Dudley, Earl of Leicester, had been
+    appointed a ranger of the Royal Forest of Snowdon, which, in the
+    Queen's time, included some portion of Merioneth and Anglesey. This
+    nobleman's insolence to the inhabitants of the forest was more than
+    could be brooked. He tried to bring many freeholders' estates within
+    the boundary; juries were empannelled, but the commissioners rejected
+    their returns as unfavourable to the Earl. Those honest jurors,
+    however, persisted, and found a verdict for the country. But in the
+    year 1538, he succeeded by a packed jury, who appeared in his livery,
+    blue, with ragged staves on the sleeves; men who, after this nefarious
+    act, were stigmatised with the title of 'The Black Jury who sold their
+    country.' Sir Richard Bulkeley, who, with Sir William Herbert and
+    others, superseded a prior commission, resisted this oppression with
+    great firmness, and laid those odious grievances before the Queen,
+    whose regard for her loyal subjects in Wales was evinced by the
+    recalling of the first commission, by proclamation at Westminster, in
+    1579. The Earl being worsted, sought the life of Sir Richard by having
+    him charged as above. But this generous and patriotic nobleman, by his
+    excellent and manly conduct, overthrew every malevolent design of his
+    enemy; and came out of this fiery trial as clear as the pellucid
+    crystal of Snowdon."
+
+R. E. G. C.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+INMAN FAMILY.
+
+(Vol. ix., p. 198.)
+
+A SUBSCRIBER having challenged me by name to assist him in resolving his
+"historic doubts," I hasten to afford him what information I possess,
+conscious at the same time that I can add little or nothing that will
+materially aid him in his investigation.
+
+First, then, as to Owen Gam. This name savours strongly of the leek, both
+Christian and surname being unequivocally British. _Gam_, in Welsh,
+signifies the "one-eyed;" we may conclude, therefore, that this gentleman,
+or one of his progenitors, had lost an eye in one of the frays common in
+bygone days, and so acquired the appellation of _Gam_. A SUBSCRIBER has
+omitted to give dates with his Queries, and thus leaves us in the dark as
+to the precise period he refers to; still, it may interest him to know that
+David Gam, a landed proprietor of some importance in Herefordshire, temp.
+Henry IV. and V., who had married the sister of Owen Glyndwr, was
+discovered in an attempt to assassinate his brother-in-law, the royal
+chieftain; and was, in consequence, arrested {354} and confined ten years
+in Owen's prison at Llansaintffraid. He was afterwards released; and
+distinguished himself, together with some near relatives, as Pennant
+relates, at the battle of Agincourt, where he fell, pierced with wounds,
+while assisting in the rescue of his royal master King Henry. Possibly,
+Owen Gam may have been a descendant of this half-hero, half-assassin.
+
+Llewellyn Clifford, again, is a name strongly suggestive of its owner's
+connexion with Cambria. If A SUBSCRIBER has exhausted the resources of the
+Clifford pedigrees, it were, I suppose, useless to refer him to the
+ancestry of the defunct Earls of Cumberland; and especially to that part of
+it represented by Sir Roger de Clifford, of Clifford, co. Hereford, a
+famous soldier in the days of Henry III. and Edward I. He accompanied the
+latter monarch in his inroads into Wales, and fell in battle there, not far
+from Bangor, circa 1282-3, leaving several children; one of the younger of
+whom I conjecture to have been the father of the before-named Llewellyn
+Clifford. After having subjugated the country, we can easily fancy the
+conquerors perpetuating the event by naming certain of their posterity
+after the fallen prince Llewellyn.
+
+As for Sir William de Roas (or Ros), A SUBSCRIBER is wrong in supposing his
+name to have been Ingman; for although he resided at Ingmanthorpe, co.
+York, his surname, in common with that of a long line of ancestry and
+descendants, was De Ros only. He was the grandson of Robert de Ros, the
+founder of the two castles, Werke and Hamlake, and one of the leaders of
+the baronial forces in their armed opposition to the tyrant King John.
+
+Before closing this communication, I would suggest to A SUBSCRIBER, and to
+all others propounding genealogical Queries, the absolute necessity of
+affixing _dates_ to their inquiries in every possible instance; as nothing
+is easier than to go astray, sometimes for half-a-dozen generations, in
+fixing the identity of a solitary individual.
+
+T. HUGHES.
+
+Chester.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+ROBERT DUDLEY, EARL OF LEICESTER.
+
+(Vol. ix., pp. 105. 160.)
+
+That this infamous man _did_ die of poison, is, I believe, the general
+opinion. The late Dr. Cooke Taylor has the following passage upon the
+subject, in his _Romantic Biography of the Age of Elizabeth_, vol. i.
+p. 115.:
+
+    "Nearly all the cotemporary writers assert that Leicester fell a victim
+    to poison; Naunton declares that he, by mistake, swallowed the potion
+    he had prepared for another person; and, as there can be no doubt that
+    the Earl was a poisoner of great eminence and success, the story is far
+    from being improbable. The Privy Council must have believed that his
+    death was not natural, for they minutely investigated a report that he
+    had been poisoned by the son of Sir James Crofts, in revenge for the
+    imprisonment of his father. Some suspicious circumstances were elicited
+    during the examination; but the matter was suddenly dropped, probably
+    because an inquiry into any one of the complicated intrigues of
+    Elizabeth's court would have involved too many persons of honour and
+    consequence."
+
+Drummond of Hawthornden, in his _Notes of Conversations with Ben Jonson_,
+has the following curious note:
+
+    "The Earl of Leicester gave a bottle of liquor to his lady, which he
+    willed her to use in any faintness; which she, after his returne from
+    Court, not knowing it was poison, gave him, and so he died."
+
+This is a strong confirmation of the statement given by Sir Robert Naunton.
+
+In one of the many valuable notes appended by Dr. Bliss to the _Athenae
+Oxonienses_, is the following cotemporary narrative, copied from a MS.
+memoranda on a copy of _Leicester's Ghost_:
+
+    "The author (of the poem) hath omitted the end of the Earle, the which
+    may thus and truely be supplied. The Countesse Lettice fell in love
+    with Christopher Blunt, gent., of the Earle's horse; and they had many
+    secret meetings, and much wanton familiarity; the which being
+    discovered by the Earle, to prevent the pursuit thereof, when Generall
+    of the Low Countreys, hee tooke Blunt with him, and theire purposed to
+    have him made away: and for this plot there was a ruffian of Burgundy
+    suborned, who, watching him in one night going to his lodging at the
+    Hage, followed him and struck at his head with a halbert or battle-axe,
+    intending to cleave his head. But the axe glaunced, and withall pared
+    off a great piece of Blunt's skull, which was very dangerous and longe
+    in healinge: but he recovered, and after married the Countesse; who
+    took this soe ill, as that she, with Blunt, deliberated and resolved to
+    dispatch the Earle. The Earle, not patient of this soe greate wrong of
+    his wife, purposed to carry her to Kenilworth; and to leave here there
+    untill her death by naturall or by violent means, but rather by the
+    last. The Countesse also having a suspicion, or some secret
+    intelligence of this treachery against her, provided artificial meanes
+    to prevent the Earle; which was by a cordiall, the which she had no fit
+    opportunity to offer him till he came to Cornebury Hall, in
+    Oxfordshire; where the Earle, after his gluttonous manner, surfeiting
+    with excessive eating and drinking, fell soe ill that he was forced to
+    stay there. Then the deadly cordiall was propounded unto him by the
+    Countesse; as Mr. William Haynes, sometimes the Earle's page, and then
+    gentleman of his bed-chamber, told me, who protested hee saw her give
+    that fatall cup to the Earle, which was his last draught, and an end of
+    his plott against the Countesse, and of his journey, and of himselfe;
+    and soe--_Fraudis fraude sua prenditur artifex._"--_Athenae Oxon._, vol.
+    ii. col. 74, 75. note.
+
+EDWARD F. RIMBAULT.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+{355}
+
+HARDMAN'S ACCOUNT OF WATERLOO.
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 199.; Vol. ix., p. 176.)
+
+I perfectly recollect reading, when a boy, a critique on this poem, and
+being much amused thereby. The critique appeared in the _Literary Gazette_
+or _Athenaeum_, as well as I remember. I never saw the poem, but I recollect
+some of the lines quoted, which went nearly as follows:--
+
+ "The following morning, at break of day,
+  An orderly dragoon did come this way:
+  'Holloa! holloa! I say, give ear,
+  Is Adjutant Hardman quartered here?
+  Holloa! halloa! I am not wrong,
+  Is Adjutant Hardman here at home?'"
+
+I merely quote from memory and hope, therefore, that any deviations from
+the original may be pardoned.
+
+Lieutenant (Brevet Captain) Hardman, if not a first-rate poet, is a gallant
+soldier, and I rejoice to see his name in the _Army List_ for March, 1854.
+I cannot ascertain at what period he joined the army, but he was present at
+the cavalry engagements of Sahagun and Benevente, on December 20th and
+27th, 1808, on the retreat of Sir John Moore's army to Coruna, for which he
+is decorated with a Peninsula medal. For his bravery as a non-commissioned
+officer he was promoted, May 19, 1813, to a cornetcy in the royal wagon
+train; and was transferred, August 12 following, to the 23rd Light
+Dragoons, and was same day appointed Regimental Adjutant of that corps. On
+the almost total change of officers that took place in the 10th Hussars,
+owing to the quarrels of Colonels Quentin and Palmer, Lieutenant Hardman
+succeeded Captain Bromley, on December 15, 1814, as Lieutenant and Adjutant
+in the corps in which he had commenced his military career; a sufficient
+proof of his having been a zealous, active, and efficient non-commissioned
+officer, when serving as such in the regiment. He embarked at Ramsgate with
+the service squadrons of his regiment in April, 1815, and landed at Ostend,
+whence the 10th regiment proceeded to Brussels: it was present at Quatre
+Bras, although not engaged with the enemy: and at Waterloo it behaved with
+the greatest gallantry, and lost two officers, nineteen soldiers, and
+fifty-one horses killed, in addition to six officers and twenty-six men
+wounded. Lieutenant Hardman's position as adjutant necessarily kept him in
+the vicinity of his commanding officers, Col. Quentin and Major Howard;
+therefore he was an eye-witness of poor Howard's death. Lieutenant Hardman
+received the Waterloo medal. The 10th Hussars landed at Ramsgate, from
+Boulogne, in January, 1816, and marched to Brighton, where Lieutenant
+Hardman resigned the adjutantcy, February 8, 1816, and exchanged to
+half-pay of the regiment, June 6, same year, since which period he has not
+served upon full pay.
+
+G. L. S.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CHURCHES IN "DOMESDAY BOOK."
+
+(Vol. viii., p. 151.)
+
+A. W. H. says, "In the case of many parishes it is stated [in _Domesday
+Book_], that there was a church there: is it considered _conclusive_
+authority that there was not one, if it is not mentioned in _Domesday
+Book_?" This question has, I doubt not, often engaged the attention of
+antiquaries; and I am somewhat surprised that the Query has elicited no
+reply. The conclusion has often been drawn that, no church being mentioned,
+none existed before the survey. It would appear this conclusion has been an
+erroneous one. In the last volume issued by the Chetham Society (_Documents
+relating to the Priory of Penwortham, and other Possessions in Lancashire
+of the Abbey of Evesham_, edited by W. A. Hulton, Esq.) that point is ably
+discussed; and as Mr. Hulton's views on a subject of so much interest
+cannot but be valuable, I venture to extract them, as worthy of a place in
+"N. & Q." He says:
+
+    "Donations of churches with tithes are made directly after the survey
+    of _Domesday_ was taken. And yet that survey is entirely silent as to
+    their existence. Similar omissions have given rise to doubts, whether
+    the institution of our parochial economy had been carried out to its
+    full extent previous to the Conquest, and whether we are not indebted
+    to the Normans for its full perfection. Such doubts are unfounded....
+    There is nothing in _Domesday_ to justify the doubts alluded to. A
+    consideration of the objects of that survey will dissipate them: the
+    purpose was principally financial. It was directed so as to obtain a
+    correct account of the taxable property within the kingdom. And it was
+    immaterial whether the proceeds were paid altogether to the owner, or a
+    definite portion was diverted into other channels. Therefore those
+    churches which were endowed only with tithes of the surrounding
+    districts, as Eccleston and Croston, Penwortham and Leyland, in Leyland
+    Hundred, and Rochdale and Eccles, in Salford Hundred, were unnoticed,
+    although the two first-named churches were granted by Roger de Poictou,
+    with their tithes and other appurtenances, to the Priory of Lancaster;
+    and the pages of the _Coucher Book of Whalley_ prove the two latter
+    churches to have existed at a date perhaps anterior to the Conquest.
+    But the case was different when a church was endowed with glebe-land.
+    Such a church appeared in the light of a landowner, and in that
+    character is its existence notified. Thus, in modern Lancashire, south
+    of the Ribble, the churches of Wigan and Winwick, Childwall, Walton,
+    Warrington, Manchester, Blackburn, and Whalley are expressly named in
+    _Domesday_, but invariably in connexion with the ownership of land. It
+    seems clear, therefore, that the silence of _Domesday_ cannot be urged
+    as a proof of the {356} non-existence of a church, or of the subsequent
+    grant of those rights and privileges by which its due efficiency is
+    maintained."--_Introd._, p. xxiii.
+
+WM. DOBSON.
+
+Preston.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+MEMOIRS OF GRAMMONT.
+
+(Vol. viii., pp. 461. 549.; Vol. ix., pp. 3. 204.)
+
+    "Ceste noble race de Grantmont."--_Brantome._
+
+The following are some of the principal events in the life of the Chevalier
+de Grammont.
+
+He was born in the year 1621, probably at the family seat of Bidache, in
+Gascony.
+
+He was sent to the college at Pau in Bearn, the nearest university to the
+family residence. His studies here did not much benefit him; and although
+intended for the church, we find him at a later period actually highly
+commending the Lord's Prayer, and seriously inquiring by whom it was
+written. On his declining a clerical life, he was sent to the French army
+in Piedmont in 1643. He served under his brother, the Marshal, and the
+Prince de Conde; and was present at the three battles of Fribourg on the
+3rd, 5th, and 9th Aug. 1644; and at that of Nordlinguen on the 3rd Aug.
+1645. It was at the battle of Fribourg that the Prince de Conde, having
+failed in his first attack on the enemy, got off horseback, and placed
+himself at the head of the regiment of Conti, whilst all the officers and
+volunteers alighted also, amongst whom is mentioned the Chevalier de
+Grammont; and this reassuring the soldiers, they charged the enemy, who
+fled into a wood under favour of the approaching night. At Nordlinguen, the
+Marshal de Grammont was taken prisoner, and nearly murdered by the Germans,
+to revenge the death of their General, the great Mercy, who was slain in
+the battle. The Marshal was subsequently exchanged against Gen. Gleen.
+
+In 1647 Grammont served again under his brother and the Prince de Conde in
+Spain: and in 1648 he was present with them at the battle of Lens on the
+20th Aug., where the Archduke Leopold and General Beck were totally
+defeated in Flanders.
+
+The troubles of the Fronde now commenced; and in the first instance
+Grammont zealously attached himself to the prince. In Dec. 1649, he tested
+the accuracy of the report that it was intended to assassinate the prince
+by sending his own coach with the prince's liveries over the Pont Neuf, to
+see what would occur. The result was, the coach was fired at; but, as no
+one was in it, the would-be assassins did no harm. During the imprisonment
+of the princes, Grammont, with others, joined the Spanish army which had
+advanced into Picardy, in consequence of the treaty the Duchesse de
+Longueville and Turenne had made with the King of Spain.
+
+We do not find when Grammont left the prince's party; the prince himself
+admitted it was with honour. He seems to have connected himself with
+Gaston, Duke of Orleans; and is styled about this time by "la Grande
+Mademoiselle" as one of her father's gentlemen. She also relates that when
+the royal forces threatened Orleans, the inhabitants sent to the duke for
+succour, and he sent the Count de Fiesque and Mons. de Grammont, who
+appeased their fears. The duke also advised his daughter to take the
+opinion of Fiesque and Grammont in all matters, as they had been in Orleans
+long enough to know what ought to be done. When Mademoiselle was trying to
+effect an entrance into the city, Grammont incited the inhabitants to
+assist in breaking open a gate, which the authorities, under fear of the
+royal displeasure, were afraid to direct. The gate was broken open, and she
+was borne in triumph along the streets.
+
+It was probably at this period that Grammont sighed for the Countess de
+Fiesque (about whom he, and his nephew the Count de Guiche, quarrelled); as
+Mademoiselle, in her _Memoirs_, relates that, in the year 1656, on her
+interview with Christina, Queen of Sweden, she presented to her, amongst
+others, the Countess de Fiesque, one of her ladies of honour. The Queen
+observed: "The Countess de Fiesque is not so beautiful as to have made so
+much noise; is the Chevalier de Grammont still in love with her?"
+
+In 1654 Grammont accompanied the Court to Peronne; where they anxiously
+awaited Turenne's attempt to force the Prince de Conde's lines at Arras, as
+related in the _Memoirs_.
+
+On the 25th Nov. 1655, Madame de Sevigne writes to Bussi-Rabutin, relating
+an anecdote in which Grammont was a party.
+
+Madame de Motteville relates that Queen Christina rallied the Chevalier de
+Grammont on the passion he had then for the Duchesse de Mercoeur, one of
+Cardinal Mazarin's nieces; and spared him only on account of the utter
+hopelessness of it.
+
+It is about this period we are inclined to place Grammont's first visit to
+England; where curiosity, Hamilton informs us, drew him to see so
+remarkable a character as Cromwell; but this visit will be a good
+starting-place for the next Number.
+
+W. H. LAMMIN.
+
+Fulham.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+CELTIC AND LATIN LANGUAGES.
+
+(Vol. viii., pp. 174. 280. 353.; Vol. ix., p. 14.)
+
+    "Professor F. W. Newman, in his little work entitled _Regal Rome_,
+    maintains that the old languages of Italy, especially the Umbrian and
+    Sabine, contained a striking predominance of Celtic ingredients, and he
+    wishes to show that this is still evident even in the Latin of Cicero.
+    His proof rests on vocabularies (pp. 19--26.), especially in regard to
+    the military, political, and {357} religious words which he supposes
+    the Romans derived from the Sabines (p. 61.). With regard to these
+    lists, I have to observe, that while all that is valid in the
+    comparison merely gives the Indo-Germanic of the Celtic languages--a
+    fact beyond dispute--Mr. Newman takes no pains to discriminate between
+    the marks of an original identity of root, and those words which the
+    Celts of Britain derived from their Roman conquerors."--Donaldson's
+    _Varronianus_, p. 64.
+
+    "It is to be remarked, that almost _all the words_ of the British
+    tongue agree either with the Greek or Latin. It is this strong
+    similarity of features between their own language and those of Greece
+    and Italy, that has induced so many of my countrymen to claim for it
+    the honour of being the mother-tongue of all, and to scorn all
+    examination which did not commence with this confession. Even the late
+    learned Dr. Owen Pugh has, in his _Dictionary_, by arbitrarily
+    selecting certain syllables as the roots of all Cumrian words, done
+    much to foster this overweening conceit. The system was carried to its
+    extreme point of absurdity by the Rev. Edward Davies, who by the help
+    of such syllables expected to unravel the mysteries of all languages.
+    This failure has I hope paved the way for the more sober consideration
+    of the question, which, if worked out fairly, will in my opinion
+    establish the claim of the Cumrian tongue, if not to be the mother of
+    all tongues, at least to be a valuable branch of the Caucasian tree of
+    languages. Now, had the two races, the Roman and Cumrian, remained
+    always separate, a comparative etymology would have been an easy task;
+    for no more would be necessary than to put the similar roots, having
+    the same meaning, side by side. But, unfortunately for the scholar who
+    undertakes to prove the question, the Romans were in this island four
+    hundred years, colonised it partly, and partly gave it their own form
+    of civilisation. As before mentioned, the inhabitants adopted with
+    avidity the Roman dress, language, and literature. That language must
+    therefore be supposed to have entered deeply into the composition of
+    the present Cumrian tongue. The sceptical examiner may therefore
+    reasonably object, that any similarity between the two languages might
+    have originated in the adoption of that of Rome by the British
+    provincials. In answer to this I refer in the first place to Lloyd's
+    reasoning, quoted in the note," viz. that the same similarity exists
+    between the Latin and the Erse [see Newman, in the _Classical Museum_,
+    vol. vi.]. "In the second place to the fact, that Wales and Cornwall do
+    not appear to have been occupied, like the rest of England, by the
+    Romans."... "Still, however, the long residence of the Romans in the
+    island, with the known influence always produced by such a state of
+    things, renders every statement grounded on the similarity alone of the
+    languages of the two races, the conquered and the conquerors, liable to
+    suspicion. I have therefore been compelled to enter upon an exceedingly
+    difficult investigation, which, if successful, must prove the radical
+    identity of the Latin and Cumrian tongues. The proof is this: If there
+    are derivative words in the Latin, of which we must seek the primitives
+    in the Cumrian, and if these primitives be shown to furnish an
+    explanation of many words before inexplicable on etymological
+    principles. For example, if the word 'to tread' under various forms be
+    found, with the meaning 'to trample with the feet,' in most of the
+    western languages of Europe, and have no noun to base itself upon in
+    these languages, and yet the noun 'traed the feet' be found in one of
+    them, the inference is irresistible that the verb in all its forms was
+    derived from this root. To deny this would be equivalent to a denial
+    that the Latin verb _calcare_ came from _calx_, 'the heel.' In the
+    following list, such words alone, with a few exceptions for the sake of
+    etymological illustration, have been introduced. It might have been
+    indefinitely extended, but the difficulty was to confine the examples
+    within moderate limits."--Williams on _One Source of the Non-Hellenic
+    Portion of the Latin Language_.[2]
+
+This eminent scholar supplies sixty-two, with explanatory notes, and
+subjoins a list of sixty-three. Under the example "Occo, occare, _to
+harrow_," he observes:
+
+    "Persons who wish to draw subtle inferences say that all the terms of
+    the Romans connected with agriculture may be referred to a Greek
+    source, while the terms expressive of war and hunting are non-Hellenic.
+    The induction fails completely in both parts, as might easily be shown.
+    When Caesar landed in Britain, the natives were agriculturists, densely
+    planted. And Halley proved, that the harvest which Caesar's soldiers
+    reaped had ripened at the average period of a Kentish harvest in his
+    days. Assuredly then the Britons had not the agricultural names to
+    learn from the Romans of an after age."
+
+    "I begin," says Newman, "with the country and domestic animals, which
+    will show how very far from the truth Niebuhr was, when he imagined
+    that in words connected with 'the gentler pursuits of life' the Roman
+    language has peculiarly extensive agreement with the Hellenic."
+
+When your correspondent T. H. T. says--
+
+    "Professor Newman, in his _Regal Rome_, has drawn attention to the
+    subject; but his induction does not appear sufficiently extensive to
+    warrant any decisive conclusion respecting the position the Celtic
+    holds as an element of the Latin,"--
+
+he could not have known that the same writer has, in the sixth volume of
+the _Classical Museum_, continued the comparison at great length; and as
+that work falls into the hands of but few, I shall transcribe some passages
+which may throw light on the subject:
+
+    "It has for some years been recognised, at least by several English
+    scholars, that there is a remarkable similarity between the Celtic
+    languages and Latin. In the case of Welsh it was, I believe, at first
+    supposed that the words must have been introduced by the Roman dominion
+    in Britain; but when the likeness was found to exist in the Erse, and
+    that the Erse was even more like to Latin (as regards the consonants)
+    than the Welsh is, this idea of course fell to {358} the ground. The
+    scholar and physiologist, who pressed into notice the strong
+    similarities of the Celtic to the European languages, and claimed a
+    place for Celtic within that group, Dr. Prichard, has naturally fixed
+    his attention with so much strength on the _primitive_ relations of all
+    these tongues, as to be jealous and suspicious of an argument, which
+    alleges that the one has borrowed from the other. Some ten years ago,
+    by his favour, I read a MS. of a vocabulary (the composition of Dr.
+    Stratton, formerly of Aberdeen), which compared the Gaelic with the
+    Latin tongue in alphabetical order without comment or development. From
+    this vocabulary Prichard gives an extract in his chapter on the Italian
+    nations, and finds it entirely to confirm his views that the Roman
+    language has not suffered any larger admixture by a foreign action.
+    What is or was Dr. Stratton's opinion, I never heard. His vocabulary
+    first suggested to me the value of this inquiry, and that is all.
+    Having now been led to a fuller examination of the Welsh and Gaelic
+    dictionaries, I find not only a far greater abundance of material
+    (especially in the Welsh) than I could have imagined; but also, that by
+    grouping words aright, conclusions result such as I had not expected,
+    and adverse to those of Dr. Prichard."
+
+Professor Newman, as T. H. T. has observed, confined himself to a tabular
+view of Celtic and Latin words; but the grammatical structure and formal
+development of the two languages have not been overlooked in the
+philological literature of England. These interesting inquiries have been
+pursued by Dr. Prichard, in his elaborate treatise on the _Eastern Origin
+of the Celtic Nations_, and the Rev. W. D. Conybeare, (in his _Theological
+Lectures delivered in Bristol College in 1831-33_) has shown that it is by
+thus analysing the grammatical structure, which forms the very skeleton of
+languages, rather than by confining our attention to mere vocabularies,
+that we may best detect their true affinities, and has illustrated this
+doctrine by a few Welsh examples. In the _West of England Archaeological
+Journal_ is exhibited (I believe by the same author) the identity of verbal
+forms in the Welsh and Latin languages.
+
+Nevertheless, Archdeacon Williams maintains that two languages may have a
+common vocabulary, but different grammars[3]:
+
+    "The Latin language, whether from Pelasgic or Achaean influence, adopted
+    at an early period the Hellenic grammar; and, under the skilful hands
+    of the bilingual Ennius, became that polished interpreter of thought,
+    which yields in regularity and majesty to the Greek alone. The Cumri
+    either retained, which is more probable, a still more ancient, or
+    invented a grammar, now peculiar to themselves. This, although it be
+    simple and scientific in the highest degree, is so completely at
+    variance with all the other grammars of the civilised world, that
+    scholars who have to acquire it late in life feel the strongest
+    repugnance to its forms and principles, and are tempted to regard a
+    language more fixed and unchangeable in its principles than any other
+    existing, as more slippery and grasp-escaping than the Proteus of the
+    Grecian mythology."
+
+Since I wrote these extracts, I have been much gratified by the perusal of
+Archdeacon Williams's _Gomer_, which I recommend to all interested in this
+inquiry.
+
+  BIBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM.
+
+[Footnote 2: In _Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh_, vol.
+xiii.]
+
+[Footnote 3: In his _Gomer_ he shows that the Latin and Cymraeg display
+great similarity in the tenses of the substantive verb.]
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE.
+
+_Box Sawdust for Collodion._--The following will be of some use to your
+photographic readers:
+
+I find that, by treating box sawdust with nitric and sulphuric acid (in the
+same manner as cotton), and then dissolving it in ether, it gives a far
+more sensitive collodion than either cotton or paper, and the pictures
+produced by it are of unequalled brilliancy.
+
+Can you inform me whether portraits can be taken _for sale_, by the
+collodion process, without infringing upon the patents?
+
+CHAS. WHITWORTH.
+
+Henrietta St., Birmingham.
+
+_Proportions of Chlorides and Silver._--I trust you will allow me space in
+your valuable work for some remarks in reference to an important
+photographic query, viz. What are the proportions of chlorides and silver
+uniformly suited to give the best positive pictures?
+
+I am led to propose this subject for the consideration of practical
+photographists, and, if possible, that amateurs may arrive at something
+like a rule to guide them in printing positives that will please.
+
+The necessity of these remarks, to me at least, appear very evident from
+the wide space which stands between the proportions proposed by various
+operators. MR. LYTE, "N. & Q.," Vol. ix., p. 158., says 42 grains of
+chloride and 100 grains of silver to 1 oz. of water. MR. POLLOCK, "N. &Q.,"
+Vol. vii., p. 588., says 20 grains chloride, and 90 grains of silver to the
+ounce. MR. HOCKIN has 10 grains chloride, silver 60. MR. DELAMOTTE, for
+albumenized paper, chloride 60 grains, silver 120. MR. THORNTHWAITE begins
+as low as chloride 1/2 grain, and silver 30 grains; and lastly, amidst a long
+range of proportions, from 1 grain of chloride to the ounce, and silver 20
+grains to the ounce, DR. DIAMOND, a great authority in photography, assures
+all that the best results can be obtained by using of chloride 5 grains to
+the ounce, and of silver 40 grains to the ounce. If so, let the
+photographic world know that the latter proportions are sufficient, and the
+others needless, wasteful, and expensive without cause. I trust you agree
+with me in thinking that it would be of use to a large number of beginners
+to have the proportions best suited for printing positives defined as near
+as possible, and not be left to guess at proportions varying from 1/2 grain
+to 60 grains, and from 20 to 120. I have written hurriedly, and hope you
+will see the object I aim at.
+
+AMATEUR.
+
+{359}
+
+_Photographic Copies of Rembrandt._--The extreme rarity and great pecuniary
+value of many of Rembrandt's finest etchings are doubtless well known to
+many of our readers, as being such as to put these master-pieces of art
+beyond the reach of ordinary purchasers. This series of works, calculated
+beyond all others of their kind to delight the possessor, will however,
+thanks to photography, soon be obtainable by all admirers of the great
+master. Two distinguished French photographers, the brothers MM. Bisson,
+have succeeded in obtaining, by means of this wonderful art, copies of a
+fidelity attainable by no other process: so that the wondrous lights,
+shades, half-tones, and chiaro-obscuro, for which Rembrandt is so
+remarkable, are preserved in all their original beauty. The plates will be
+accompanied by descriptive letter-press, and by a Biography of Rembrandt
+from the pen of M. Charles Blanc. As the works are so numerous, the first
+series will consist of forty plates, to be issued in ten livraisons, each
+containing four plates, price twenty francs; a very moderate sum, if we
+remember that among the works thus to be issued, at a cost of five francs
+each, will be found copies of such gems as the _Avocat Tolling_ and the
+_Piece de Cent Florins_.
+
+_Coloured Photographs._--I have lately seen, and very much admired, some
+specimens of photographic coloured portraits. They have all the broad
+effect of the great masters perfectly in detail, and none of the niggling
+effect of many coloured photographs, which are in fact specimens of
+miniature painting rather than photography--the outline alone being given
+by the photographic art. The specimens I refer to appear to have been
+soaked in oil, or some transparent varnish, and then coloured in separate
+tints, probably from the back; the shadows being _entirely_ photographic.
+It is evident they are quickly and easily executed; but I am desirous of
+knowing the exact process, and shall be much obliged for information on the
+subject.
+
+AN AMATEUR.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Replies to Minor Queries.
+
+_Dr. Eleazar Duncon_ (Vol. ix., pp. 56. 184.).--Dr. Eleazar Duncon, and his
+brother Mr. John Duncon, are mentioned in Barnabas Oley's Preface to George
+Herbert's _Country Parson_, as having "died before the miracle of our happy
+Restoration." There was another brother, Mr. Edmund Duncon, rector of
+Fryarn Barnet, in the county of Middlesex; sent by Mr. Farrer to visit
+George Herbert, during his last illness.
+
+E. H. A.
+
+_Christian Names_ (Vol. vii., pp. 406. 488. 626.).--The earliest instance I
+have yet met with, of an individual with two Christian names, occurs in the
+compulsory cession of the Abbey of Vale Royal to King Henry VIII.; the deed
+conveying which is still extant in the Augmentation Office. It is in Latin,
+and signed by John Harwood the Abbot, Alexander Sedon the Prior, _William
+Brenck Harrysun_, and twelve other monks of the Abbey. Vale Royal Abbey is
+now the seat of Lord Delamere, into whose family it came by purchase in
+1616, from the descendant of Sir Thomas Holcroft, the original grantee from
+the crown.
+
+T. HUGHES.
+
+Chester.
+
+I send you a much earlier instance of two Christian names than any that has
+hitherto been given in your pages. Henry Prince of Wales, son of King Henry
+IV., was baptized by the names Henry Frederick. Vide Camden's _Remains_,
+4to., 1605. I have not a reference to the page.
+
+C. DE D.
+
+_Abigail_ (Vol. iv., pp. 424., &c.; Vol. viii., p. 653.).--Your recent
+correspondents on this subject do not appear to have met with the passage
+in which I mentioned, that since putting the question, I had found that a
+waiting-maid in Beaumont and Fletcher's comedy of _The Scornful Lady_ was
+named Abigail; and that, as the play appeared to have been a favourite one,
+the application of the name to the class generally was probably owing to
+it. In the absence of any proof of its having been previously used in this
+sense, I still continue to think that this conjecture was well founded.
+Considering the terms on which Dean Swift was with the Mashams, he was the
+last person in the world to have used such a term, unless it had been so
+long in familiar use as to be deprived of all appearance of personal
+allusion to them.
+
+J. S. WARDEN.
+
+"_Begging the question_" (Vol. viii., p. 640.).--This phrase is identical
+with that of "petitio principii," a figure of speech well known both to
+logicians and mathematicians, _i. e._ assuming a point as proved, and
+reasoning upon it as such, which has in fact not been proved.
+
+J. S. WARDEN.
+
+_Russian Emperors_ (Vol. ix., p. 222.).--I am informed by a late resident
+in Russia that the rumour to which MR. CROSFIELD refers has no foundation.
+I am farther informed, however, that after a twenty-five years' reign the
+monarch has even more absolute and despotic authority than before the lapse
+of that time. I hope this subject may be well ventilated, as considerable
+misapprehension exists about it.
+
+JOHN SCRIBE.
+
+_Garble_ (Vol. ix., p. 243.).--Your correspondent E. S. T. T. was mistaken
+when he said that the "corrupt" meaning of the word _garble_ is now the
+only one ever used. In proof of this I would give one instance, familiar to
+me, in which it still retains its "good" signification. In "working"
+cochineal, spices, and other similar merchandise at the warehouse in which
+they are stored upon their arrival in this country, the operation of {360}
+sifting and separating the good from the bad is termed _garbling_: the word
+being here employed in the very same sense as in the examples quoted by
+E. S. T. T., illustrative of its original meaning, and which sense he
+erroneously stated it no longer possessed.
+
+R. V. T.
+
+Mincing Lane.
+
+I cannot agree with your correspondent E. S. T. T., that a corruption of
+meaning has taken place in this word; and that whereas it originally meant
+a selection of the good and a discarding of the bad parts of anything, its
+present meaning, is exactly the reverse of this. Its original signification
+is correctly stated: the garbling of spices, drugs, &c., meant the
+selection of the good and the rejection of the bad. But the garbling of a
+passage cited as a testimony is a precisely analogous process. The person
+who garbles the passage omits those parts which can be used against his
+view, and adduces only those parts which support his conclusion. He selects
+the parts which are good, and rejects those which are bad, _for his
+purpose_. When a passage is said to be garbled, it is always implied that
+the person who quotes it has suppressed a portion which tells against
+himself; but that portion is, so far as he is concerned, the _bad_, not the
+_good_ portion. The secondary and metaphorical is therefore precisely
+analogous to the primary and literal sense of the word, and not the reverse
+of it.
+
+L.
+
+_Electric Telegraph_ (Vol. ix., p. 270.).--As every new attempt to improve
+this invaluable invention, and to extend its use, is of world-wide
+importance, the following extract from _La Presse_, a French newspaper of
+March 23rd, will excite inquiry:
+
+    "On ecrit de Berne, le 17 Mars, MM. Brunner et Hipp, directeurs des
+    telegraphes electriques de la Suisse, viennent d'inventer un appareil
+    portatif a l'aide duquel, en l'appliquant a un point quelconque des
+    fils telegraphiques, on peut transmettre une depeche. L'essai de cet
+    appareil a ete fait a deux lieues de Berne, dans un lieu ou il n'existe
+    aucune section de telegraphie."
+
+The writer goes on to say that the experiment had been tested with success
+on the lines to Zurich, Basle, Geneva, &c.
+
+J. MACRAY.
+
+Oxford.
+
+_Butler's "Lives of the Saints"_ (Vol. viii., p.387.).--The inquiry
+respecting the various editions of this valuable work not having yet
+received any answer, the following information may in some degree satisfy
+the inquirer. The first edition of the Rev. Alban Butler's _Lives of the
+Saints_ was published in the author's lifetime, at various intervals from
+1754 to 1759, when the last of the four volumes appeared, of which the
+edition was composed. Part II. of vol. iii. is now before me, with the date
+1758. No other edition appeared till after the death of the learned and
+pious author, which took place in 1773.
+
+The second edition was undertaken by the most Rev. Dr. Carpenter, Roman
+Catholic Archbishop of Dublin, and appeared in 12 vols. in 1779. It is
+stated in the title-page to be "corrected and enlarged from the author's
+own MS." It did contain all the notes omitted in the previous edition, and
+other matter prepared by the author. The third edition was published in
+Scotland, and other editions followed; but I am unable to give any
+particulars of them. But the splendid stereotype edition, published in
+London by Murphy, in 1812, in 12 vols., is by far the best ever produced,
+or ever likely to appear. Since this there have been other editions; one in
+2 vols., published in Ireland, and a cheap edition in 12 small vols.,
+printed at Derby; but they deserve little notice.
+
+F. C. H.
+
+_Anticipatory Use of the Cross_ (Vol. viii. _passim_).--In answer to
+particular inquiry, I have been furnished by a resident in Macao with an
+answer, of which the following is the substance:--The cross is commonly
+used in China, and consists of any flat boards of sufficient size, the
+upright shaft being usually eight to ten feet high. The transverse bar is
+fixed by a single nail or rivet, and is therefore often loose, and may be
+made sometimes to traverse a complete circle. It is not so much an
+instrument of punishment in itself, as it is an operation-board whereon to
+confine the criminal, not with nails, but ropes, to undergo--as in the case
+of a woman taken in adultery--the cutting away of the flesh from the bosom.
+He adds, that he has witnessed such punishment, and he has no doubt that
+the cross has been used in this way in China immemorially. Any of your
+correspondents will much oblige me by correcting or confirming this
+statement from positive testimony.
+
+T. J. BUCKTON.
+
+Lichfield.
+
+_The Marquis of Granby_ (Vol. ix., p. 127.).--A portrait of this nobleman
+constitutes the sign of a public-house at Doncaster, and of another at
+Bawtry, nine miles from that town. His lordship, it is said, occasionally
+occupied Carr House, near the former place, as a hunting-box in the middle
+of the last century. As an instance of his lordship's popularity, I may
+here add, that out of compliment to him, and for his greater convenience in
+hunting, at a period when there was a considerable extent of uninclosed and
+undrained country around Doncaster, the corporation directed several banks
+and passages to be made on their estate at Rossington; and in 1752, that
+body likewise presented the Marquis with the freedom of the borough.
+
+C. J.
+
+{361}
+
+_Irish Letters_ (Vol. ix., p. 246).--The following inscription on the
+monument of Lugnathan, nephew of St. Patrick, at Inchaguile, in Lough
+Corrib, co. Galway, is supposed to be the most ancient in Ireland:
+
+"LIE LUGNAEDON MACC LMENUEH."
+"The stone of Lugnaodon, son of Limenueh."
+
+The oldest Irish manuscript is the Book of Armagh, which contains a copy of
+the Gospels, and some very old lives of St. Patrick. (See O'Donovan's
+_Irish Grammar_, Dublin, 1845, p. lii.)
+
+THOMPSON COOPER.
+
+Cambridge.
+
+_Rev. John Cawley_ (Vol. ix., p. 247.).--In reply to the inquiry of C. T.
+R., What is the authority for stating that the Rev. John Cawley, rector of
+Didcot, was a son of Cawley the regicide? I send you the following extract
+from Wood's _Athenae_ (Bliss's edition), vol. iv. col. 580.:
+
+    "John Cawley, son of Will. Cawley of the city of Chichester, gent.,
+    was, by the endeavours of his father, made Fellow of All Souls' College
+    (from that of Magdalen) by the visitors appointed by Parliament, anno
+    1649; took the degrees in arts, that of Master being completed in 1654;
+    and whether he became a preacher soon after, without any orders
+    conferred on him by a bishop, I cannot tell. Sure I am, that after his
+    Majesty's restoration, he became a great loyalist, disowned the former
+    actions of his father, who had been one of the judges of King Charles
+    I.; when he was tryed for his life by a pretended court of justice,
+    rayled at him (being then living in a skulking condition beyond sea);
+    and took all opportunities to free himself from having any hand or
+    anything to do in the times of usurpation. About which time, having
+    married one of the daughters of Mr. Pollard of Newnham Courtney, he
+    became rector of Dedcot, or Dudcot, in Berkshire; rector of Henley in
+    Oxfordshire; and in the beginning of March, 1666, Archdeacon of
+    Lincoln."
+
+[Greek: Halieus.]
+
+Dublin.
+
+_New Zealander and Westminster Bridge_ (Vol. ix., pp. 74. 159.).--Your
+correspondents have traced this celebrated passage to a letter from Horace
+Walpole to Sir H. Mann, and to passages in poems by Mrs. Barbauld and Kirke
+White. It appears to me that the following extract from the Preface to
+P. B. Shelley's _Peter Bell the Third_, has more resemblance to it. It is
+addressed to Moore:
+
+    "Hoping that the immortality which you have given to the Fudges you
+    will receive from them; and in the firm expectation, that when London
+    shall be an habitation of bitterns, when St. Paul's and Westminster
+    Abbey shall stand shapeless and nameless ruins, in the midst of an
+    unpeopled marsh; when the piers of Westminster Bridge shall become the
+    nuclei of islets of reeds and osiers, and cast the jagged shadows of
+    their broken arches on the solitary stream; some transatlantic
+    commentator will be weighing in the scales of some new and now
+    unimagined system of criticism, the respective merits of the Bells, and
+    the Fudges, and their historians."
+
+JOHN THRUPP.
+
+10. York Gate.
+
+Several passages from different writers having been mentioned in your
+columns as likely to have suggested to our brilliant essayist and historian
+his celebrated graphic sketch of the New Zealander meditating over the
+ruins of London, I would beg leave to hint the probability that not one of
+those many passages were present to his mind or memory at the moment he
+wrote. The fact is that the picture is so true to nature, and has been so
+often sketched, and the associations and reflections arising from it so
+often felt and described, that I cannot for a moment admit the insinuation
+of a charge of plagiarism, or even unconscious adaptation of another's
+thoughts in one so abundantly stored with imagery of his own, that the very
+overflowings of his own wealth would enrich a generation of writers. It has
+however occurred to me that his classic mind might have remembered the
+picture of Marius amid the ruins of Carthage, or, more probably, the still
+more striking passage in the celebrated letter of Sulpicius to Cicero, on
+the death of his daughter Tullia, in which he describes himself, on his
+return from Asia, as sailing from AEgina towards Megara, and contemplating
+the surrounding countries:
+
+    "Behind me lay AEgina, before me Megara; on my right I saw Piraeus, and
+    on my left Corinth. These cities, once so flourishing and magnificent,
+    now presented nothing to my view but a sad spectacle of desolation."
+
+And he then proceeds with his melancholy reflections on so many perishing
+memorials of human glory and grandeur in so small a compass.
+
+G. W. T.
+
+Volney wrote thus:
+
+    "Qui sait si sur les rives de la Seine, de la Tamise ... dans le
+    tourbillon de tant de jouissances ... un voyageur, comme moi, ne
+    s'asseoira pas un jour sur de muettes ruines, et ne pleurera pas
+    solitaire sur la cendre des peuples et la memoire de leur
+    grandeur?"--_Les Ruines_, chap. ii. p. 11.
+
+MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A.
+
+_Misapplication of Terms_ (Vol. ix., p. 44.).--I cannot pretend to set up
+my judgment against that of MR. SQUEERS, who has in his favour the
+proverbial wisdom of the Schools. Riddle, however, who I believe is an
+authority, gives the word LEGO no such meaning as "to hearken." If Plautus
+uses the word in that sense, as it is an uncommon one, the passage should
+have been quoted, or a reference given. The meaning of {362} the word
+appears to be "to collect, run over, see, read, choose." In justification
+of my criticism, and in reply to MR. SQUEERS, I shall quote Horne Tooke's
+remark, in speaking of "[Greek: ta deonta], or things which ought to be
+done;" _Div. Purley_, Pt. II. ch. viii. (vol. ii. pp. 499-501., edit.
+1849):
+
+    "The first of these, LEGEND, which means _That which ought to be read_,
+    is, from the early misapplication of the term by impostors, now used by
+    us as if it meant, _That which ought to be laughed at_. And so it is
+    explained in our Dictionaries."
+
+At the hazard of being again deemed hypercritical, while on this subject,
+_the misapplication of terms_, I must question the correctness of the
+phrase "_Under_ the _circum_stance." A thing must be _in_ or _amidst_ its
+_circum_-stances; it cannot be _under_ them. I admit the commonness of the
+expression, but it is not the less a solecism. Can you inform me when it
+was introduced? I hope it is not old enough to be considered inveterate.
+The best authors write "in the circumstances;" and yet so prevalent is the
+anomaly, that in a very respectable periodical, not long since, the French
+"_dans_ les circonstances presentes," given as a quotation, is rendered
+"_Under_ the present circumstances."
+
+J. W. THOMAS.
+
+Dewsbury.
+
+_Hoglandia_ (Vol. viii., p. 151.).--In reply to an inquiry for the full
+title of a book from which a quotation is given in _Pugna Porcorum_, the
+full title is [Greek: Choirochorographia], _sive Hoglandiae descriptio_,
+published anonymously in 1709, in retaliation of Edward Holdsworth's
+_Muscipula_. "Hoglandia" is Hampshire, and Holdsworth probably was a
+Hampshire man, for he was educated at Winchester, and we may presume the
+anonymous author to have been a Cambro-Briton.
+
+H. L.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Miscellaneous.
+
+BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE.
+
+LINGARD'S ENGLAND. Foolscap 8vo. 1844. Vols. I. to V., and X. and XI.
+
+THE WORKS OF DR. JONATHAN SWIFT. London, printed for C. Bathurst, in Fleet
+Street, 1768. Vol. VII. (Vol. VI. ending with "Verses on the Death of Dr.
+Swift," written in Nov. 1731.)
+
+BYRON'S WORKS. Vol. VI. of Murray's Edition. 1829.
+
+The Volume of the LONDON POLYGLOTT which contains the Prophets.
+Imperfection in other parts of no consequence.
+
+CARLISLE ON GRAMMAR SCHOOLS.
+
+THE CIRCLE OF THE SEASONS. London, 1828. 12mo. Two copies.
+
+*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be
+sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street.
+
+Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the
+gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are
+given for that purpose:
+
+LATIMER'S SERMONS. Published by the Parker Society. Vol. I.
+
+  Wanted by _Mr. J. G. Nichols_, 25. Parliament Street.
+
+PLANS OR MAPS OF ANCIENT LONDON, and Representations of Remarkable and
+Interesting Objects connected therewith--large size (such as Old St.
+Paul's, Paul's Cross, Old London Bridge, &c.).
+
+A Copy of No. 1. (or early number) of "The Times" Newspaper.
+
+A Copy of one of the "Broadsheets" issued during the Plague.
+
+  Wanted by _Mr. Joseph Simpson_, Librarian, Literary and Scientific
+      Institution, Islington, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+Notices to Correspondents.
+
+_Owing to our being compelled to go to press this week ready for
+publication on Thursday, and to the great mass of_ REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES
+_waiting for insertion, we have been compelled to omit our usual_ NOTES ON
+BOOKS, &c.
+
+QUAESTOR, _who calls our attention to the catalogue in which certain_ Hollar
+_and_ Eyre _drawings are inserted, attached to the_ Gentleman's Magazine,
+_is thanked. We were, however, already aware of it. The subject is too
+important to be lost sight of._
+
+A. Z. _is thanked. We should of course be glad if_ "N. & Q." _could be
+purchased at all Railway Stations, but have no means of securing it. If
+frequently asked for, we have no doubt that the supply will follow the
+demand._
+
+MONTROSE'S _reply has been anticipated. Thanks._
+
+A QUERIST. _We wish our Correspondents would take the trouble of just
+referring to our volumes before forwarding Queries upon well-known
+subjects. We have repeatedly answered similar inquiries, and again only in
+our last Number, by referring, for the history and illustration of_ "God
+tempers the wind to the shorn lamb," _to our_ First Volume.
+
+H. MARTIN. _Mr. Keble's edition of Hooker is more carefully edited than
+Hanbury's._
+
+ABHBA. _The reference must certainly be to Richard Sterne, Archbishop of
+York, one of the supposed authors of the_ Whole Duty of Man: _see our_
+Sixth Volume, p. 537.
+
+A. P. HAYES. _We suspect the following is the title of the work
+required:--"Pedestrianism; or, an Account of the Performances of celebrated
+Pedestrians during the last and present Century: with a full Narrative of
+Captain Barclay's public and private Matches: and an Essay on Training. By
+Walter Thom. Aberdeen, 1813. 8vo."_
+
+NEISON ON RAILWAY ACCIDENTS. _A Correspondent wishes to know where this
+pamphlet may be seen, and whether it is on sale._
+
+W. S. _For the etymology of lampoon, see Todd's_ Johnson, _and
+Richardson's_ Dictionary. _Bailey derives it from_ Lampons, _a drunken
+song. It imports_ Let us drink, _from the old French_ lamper, _and was
+repeated at the end of each couplet at carousals_.
+
+W. A. W. (Brighton). _The specked appearance is entirely owing to your
+having the wrong paper for your negatives. When Turner's paper is really
+good it is invaluable, but the specks so abundant in it are a great
+drawback._
+
+H. H. (Glasgow). _We think a practical lesson from some _experienced_ hand
+would put you right in all your little failures. It is evident from your
+perseverance that great success will ultimately attend you. It is very
+difficult to describe all the minutiae by correspondence._
+
+A SUBSCRIBER (Atherstone). _1. We think your failures appear to arise from
+defective iodized paper. If the least portion of iodide of potash remains,
+the browning will take place; or the acetic acid may not be pure: add a
+little more. 2. If the least portion of hypo. contaminates your silver
+solutions, they are useless; to reduce it to its metallic state again is
+the only remedy. 3. The views taken_ instantaneously _are with collodion.
+It may be applied equally well upon paper as glass; and the advantage of
+paper negatives is very great over glass_.
+
+PHOTOGRAPHY.--_We hope next week to lay before our readers the particulars
+of a new process, combining all the advantages of the_ waxed-paper, _but
+without its difficulties and uncertainties_.
+
+OUR EIGHTH VOLUME _is now bound and ready for delivery, price 10s. 6d.,
+cloth, boards. A few sets of the whole Eight Volumes are being made up,
+price 4l. 4s.--For these early application is desirable._
+
+"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country
+Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to
+their Subscribers on the Saturday_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{363}
+
+RECENT PUBLICATIONS OF THE CAMBRIDGE ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY.
+
+QUARTO SERIES.
+
+Evangelia Angustini Gregoriana. By the REV. J. GOODWIN, B.D. 20s.
+
+An Historical Inquiry touching St. Catherine of Alexandria, illustrated by
+a Semi-Saxon Legend. By the REV. C. HARDWICK, M.A. 12s.
+
+OCTAVO SERIES.
+
+I. Anglo-Saxon Legends of St. Andrew and St. Veronica. By C. W. GOODWIN,
+M.A. 2_s_ 6d.
+
+II. Graeco-Egyptian Fragment on Magic. By C. W. GOODWIN, M.A. 3s. 6d.
+
+III. Ancient Cambridgeshire. By C. C. BABINGTON, M.A. 3s. 6d.
+
+Reports and Communications, Nos. I. and II. 1s. each.
+
+Index to Baker Manuscripts. 7s. 6d.
+
+J. DEIGHTON; MACMILLAN & CO., Cambridge.
+
+John W. PARKER & SON, and GEORGE BELL, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+At all the Libraries, 2 vols. post 8vo., 18s.,
+
+LIFE OF JEROME CARDAN, of Milan, Physician. By HENRY MORLEY.
+
+    "The author has studied Cardan with an eye of philosophical interest
+    and curiosity--he has treated him picturesquely, and at times almost
+    playfully.... We can hardly say that Mr. Morley is too speculative for
+    a biographer, and we cannot sufficiently commend his care in collection
+    and his skill in accumulation."--_Athenaeum._
+
+Also, by the same Author,
+
+2 vols. post 8vo., cloth, 18s.
+
+THE LIFE OF BERNARD PALISSY, of SAINTES; his Labours and Discoveries in Art
+and Science; with an Outline of his Philosophical Doctrines, and
+Illustrative Selections from his Works.
+
+One vol. 8vo., 10s. 6d.
+
+A VISIT to PORTUGAL and MADEIRA. By the LADY EMMELINE STUART WORTLEY.
+
+London: CHAPMAN & HALL,
+193. Piccadilly.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+AS SECRETARY OR AMANUENSIS.
+
+A GENTLEMAN who is fully conversant with the French, German, and Italian
+Languages, is desirous of obtaining some PERMANENT EMPLOYMENT. He can give
+satisfactory references as to Competency and Respectability of Family and
+Connexions.
+
+Address, F. G. H., care of MR. NEWMAN, Publisher, 9. Devonshire Street,
+Bishopsgate Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CLASSICAL MUSICAL LIBRARY.--Subscribers are liberally supplied, on loan,
+with every description of New Vocal and Instrumental Music, and have also
+at their disposal upwards of 3,000 volumes, including the Standard Operas,
+Italian, German, French, and English Songs, and all kinds of Instrumental
+Music. During the Term of Subscription, each Subscriber has the privilege
+of selecting--for his own property--from 100,000 different pieces, 3
+Guineas' worth of Music. Prospectuses forwarded Free on application.
+
+JULLIEN & CO., 214. Regent Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Now ready, price 25s., Second Edition, revised and corrected. Dedicated by
+Special Permission to
+
+THE (LATE) ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY.
+
+PSALMS AND HYMNS FOR THE SERVICE OF THE CHURCH. The words selected by the
+Very Rev. H. H. MILMAN, D.D., Dean of St. Paul's. The Music arranged for
+Four Voices, but applicable also to Two or One, including Chants for the
+Services, Responses to the Commandments, and a Concise SYSTEM OF CHANTING,
+by J. B. SALE, Musical Instructor and Organist to Her Majesty. 4to., neat,
+in morocco cloth, price 25s. To be had of Mr. J. B. SALE, 21. Holywell
+Street, Millbank, Westminster, on the receipt of a Post-office Order for
+that amount: and, by order, of the principal Booksellers and Music
+Warehouses.
+
+    "A great advance on the works we have hitherto had, connected with our
+    Church and Cathedral Service."--_Times._
+
+    "A collection of Psalm Tunes certainly unequalled in this
+    country."--_Literary Gazette._
+
+    "One of the best collections of tunes which we have yet seen. Well
+    merits the distinguished patronage under which it appears."--_Musical
+    World._
+
+    "A collection of Psalms and Hymns, together with a system of Chanting
+    of a very superior character to any which has hitherto
+    appeared."--_John Bull._
+
+London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street.
+
+Also, lately published,
+
+J. B. SALE'S SANCTUS, COMMANDMENTS and CHANTS as performed at the Chapel
+Royal St. James, price 2s.
+
+C. LONSDALE, 26. Old Bond Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SURPLICES.
+
+GILBERT J. FRENCH, Bolton, Lancashire, has prepared his usual large Supply
+of SURPLICES, in Anticipation of EASTER.
+
+PARCELS delivered FREE at Railway Stations.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS.
+
+OTTEWILL AND MORGAN'S Manufactory, 24. & 25. Charlotte Terrace, Caledonian
+Road, Islington.
+
+OTTEWILL'S Registered Double Body Folding Camera, adapted for Landscapes or
+Portraits, may be had of A. ROSS, Featherstone Buildings, Holborn; the
+Photographic Institution, Bond Street; and at the Manufactory as above,
+where every description of Cameras, Slides, and Tripods may be had. The
+Trade supplied.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ONE THOUSAND BEDSTEADS TO CHOOSE FROM.--HEAL & SON'S Stock comprises a
+large Assortment of handsomely Japanned and Brass-mounted IRON BEDSTEADS,
+CHILDREN'S CRIBS and COTS of new and elegant designs: MAHOGANY, BIRCH, and
+WALNUT-TREE BEDSTEADS, of the soundest and best Manufacture, many of them
+fitted with Furnitures, complete; and every variety of SERVANTS' and
+PORTABLE BEDSTEADS. They have also a large Assortment of
+
+BED-ROOM FURNITURE, comprising WARDROBES, both in Japanned Wood and
+Mahogany, from 4 ft. to 8 ft. long, fitted with every variety of
+arrangement; DRESSING TABLES and GLASSES, WASHSTANDS, DRAWERS, and every
+Article for the complete furnishing of a Bed-room.
+
+HEAL & SON'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF BED-STEADS and priced List of
+Bedding, containing designs and prices of upwards of One Hundred Bedsteads
+(representing a Stock of upwards of One Thousand), sent Free by Post.
+
+HEAL & SON, 196. Tottenham Court Road.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION.
+
+THE EXHIBITION OF PHOTOGRAPHS, by the most eminent English and Continental
+Artists, is OPEN DAILY from Ten till Five. Free Admission.
+
+                                            L  s. d.
+  A Portrait by Mr. Talbot's Patent
+    Process                                 1  1  0
+  Additional Copies (each)                  0  5  0
+  A Coloured Portrait, highly finished
+    (small size)                            3  3  0
+  A Coloured Portrait, highly finished
+    (larger size)                           5  5  0
+
+Miniatures, Oil Paintings, Water-Colour, and Chalk Drawings, Photographed
+and Coloured in imitation of the Originals. Views of Country Mansions,
+Churches, &c., taken at a short notice.
+
+Cameras, Lenses, and all the necessary Photographic Apparatus and
+Chemicals, are supplied, tested, and guaranteed.
+
+Gratuitous Instruction is given to Purchasers of Sets of Apparatus.
+
+PHOTOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION,
+168. New Bond Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+SMEE'S BINOCULAR PERSPECTIVE PHOTOGRAPHS.--A full account of the mode of
+taking these extraordinary Likenesses in "Smee on the Eye," just published,
+price 5s.
+
+HORNE, THORNTHWAITE & WOOD,
+123. Newgate Street, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PHOTOGRAPHY.--HORNE & CO.'S Iodized Collodion, for obtaining Instantaneous
+Views, and Portraits in from three to thirty seconds, according to light.
+
+Portraits obtained by the above, for delicacy of detail rival the choicest
+Daguerreotypes, specimens of which may be seen at their Establishment.
+
+Also every description of Apparatus, Chemicals, &c. &c. used in this
+beautiful Art.--123. and 121. Newgate Street.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+IMPROVEMENT IN COLLODION.--J. B. HOCKIN & CO., Chemists, 289. Strand, have,
+by an improved mode of Iodizing, succeeded in producing a Collodion equal,
+they may say superior, in sensitiveness and density of Negative, to any
+other hitherto published; without diminishing the keeping properties and
+appreciation of half-tint for which their manufacture has been esteemed.
+
+Apparatus, pure Chemicals, and all the requirements for the practice of
+Photography. Instruction in the Art.
+
+THE COLLODION AND POSITIVE PAPER PROCESS. By J. B. HOCKIN. Price 1s., per
+Post, 1s. 2d.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+COLLODION PORTRAITS AND VIEWS obtained with the greatest ease and certainty
+by using BLAND & LONG'S preparation of Soluble Cotton; certainty and
+uniformity of action over a lengthened period, combined with the most
+faithful rendering of the half-tones, constitute this a most valuable agent
+in the hands of the photographer.
+
+Albumenized paper, for printing from glass or paper negatives, giving a
+minuteness of detail unattained by any other method, 5s. per Quire.
+
+Waxed and Iodized Papers of tried quality. Instruction in the Processes.
+
+BLAND & LONG. Opticians and Photographical Instrument Makers, and Operative
+Chemists, 153. Fleet Street, London.
+
+  *** Catalogues sent on application.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+THE SIGHT preserved by the Use of SPECTACLES adapted to suit every variety
+of Vision by means of SMEE'S OPTOMETER, which effectually prevents Injury
+to the Eyes from the Selection of Improper Glasses, and is extensively
+employed by
+
+BLAND & LONG, Opticians, 153. Fleet Street, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+{364}
+
+WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY.
+
+3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON.
+
+Founded A.D. 1842.
+
+  _Directors._
+
+  H. E. Bicknell, Esq.          | T. Grissell, Esq.
+  T. S. Cocks, Jun. Esq., M.P.  | J. Hunt, Esq.
+  G. H. Drew, Esq.              | J. A. Lethbridge, Esq.
+  W. Evans, Esq.                | E. Lucas, Esq.
+  W. Freeman, Esq.              | J. Lys Seager, Esq.
+  F. Fuller, Esq.               | J. B. White, Esq.
+  J. H. Goodhart, Esq.          | J. Carter Wood, Esq.
+
+  _Trustees._--W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C.; George Drew, Esq., T. Grissell,
+      Esq.
+  _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D.
+  _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross.
+
+VALUABLE PRIVILEGE.
+
+POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary
+difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to
+suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in
+the Prospectus.
+
+Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in
+three-fourths of the Profits:--
+
+  Age       L   s.  d. | Age       L   s.  d.
+   17       1  14   4  |  32       2  10   8
+   22       1  18   8  |  37       2  18   6
+   27       2   4   5  |  42       3   8   2
+
+ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary.
+
+Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions,
+INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING
+SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in
+the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a
+Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR
+SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3.
+Parliament Street, London.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+PIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas each.--D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square
+(established A.D. 1785), sole manufacturers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25
+Guineas each. Every instrument warranted. The peculiar advantages of these
+pianofortes are best described in the following professional testimonial,
+signed by the majority of the leading musicians of the age:--"We, the
+undersigned members of the musical profession, having carefully examined
+the Royal Pianofortes manufactured by MESSRS. D'ALMAINE & CO., have great
+pleasure in bearing testimony to their merits and capabilities. It appears
+to us impossible to produce instruments of the same size possessing a
+richer and finer tone, more elastic touch, or more equal temperament, while
+the elegance of their construction renders them a handsome ornament for the
+library, boudoir, or drawing-room. (Signed) J. L. Abel, F. Benedict, H. R.
+Bishop, J. Blewitt, J. Brizzi, T. P. Chipp, P. Delavanti, C. H. Dolby,
+E. F. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen Glover, Henri Herz, E. Harrison, H. F.
+Hasse, J. L. Hatton, Catherine Hayes, W. H. Holmes, W. Kuhe, G. F.
+Kiallmark, E. Land, G. Lanza, Alexander Lee, A. Leffler, E. J. Loder, W. H.
+Montgomery, S. Nelson, G. A. Osborne, John Parry, H. Panofka, Henry
+Phillips, F. Praegar, E. F. Rimbault, Frank Romer, G. H. Rodwell, E.
+Rockel, Sims Reeves, J. Templeton, F. Weber, H. Westrop, T. H. Wright," &c.
+
+D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square. Lists and Designs Gratis.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+CHUBB'S LOCKS, with all the recent improvements. Strong fire-proof safes,
+cash and deed boxes. Complete lists of sizes and prices may be had on
+application.
+
+CHUBB & SON, 57. St. Paul's Churchyard, London; 28. Lord Street, Liverpool;
+16. Market Street, Manchester; and Horseley Fields, Wolverhampton.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+IMPERIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY.
+
+1. OLD BROAD STREET, LONDON.
+
+Instituted 1820.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+SAMUEL HIBBERT, ESQ., _Chairman_.
+
+WILLIAM R. ROBINSON, ESQ., _Deputy-Chairman_.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+The SCALE OF PREMIUMS adopted by this Office will be found of a very
+moderate character, but at the same time quite adequate to the risk
+incurred.
+
+FOUR-FIFTHS, or 80 per cent. of the Profits, are assigned to Policies
+_every fifth year_, and may be applied to increase the sum insured, to an
+immediate payment in cash, or to the reduction and ultimate extinction of
+future Premiums.
+
+ONE-THIRD of the Premium on Insurances of 500l. and upwards, for the whole
+term of life, may remain as a debt upon the Policy, to be paid off at
+convenience; or the Directors will lend sums of 50l. and upwards, on the
+security of Policies effected with this Company for the whole term of life,
+when they have acquired an adequate value.
+
+SECURITY.--Those who effect Insurances with this Company are protected by
+its Subscribed Capital of 750,000l., of which nearly 140,000l. is invested,
+from the risk incurred by Members of Mutual Societies.
+
+The satisfactory financial condition of the Company, exclusive of the
+Subscribed and Invested Capital, will be seen by the following Statement:
+
+  On the 31st October, 1853, the sums
+  Assured, including Bonus added,
+  amounted to                          L2,500,000
+
+  The Premium Fund to more than           800,000
+
+  And the Annual Income from the
+  same source, to                         109,000
+
+Insurances, without participation in Profits, may be effected at reduced
+rates.
+
+  SAMUEL INGALL, Actuary.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ALLSOPP'S PALE or BITTER ALE. MESSRS. S. ALLSOPP & SONS beg to inform the
+TRADE that they are now registering Orders for the March Brewings of their
+PALE ALE in Casks of 18 Gallons and upwards, at the BREWERY,
+Burton-on-Trent; and at the under-mentioned Branch Establishments:
+
+  LONDON, at 61. King William Street, City.
+  LIVERPOOL, at Cook Street.
+  MANCHESTER, at Ducie Place.
+  DUDLEY, at the Burnt Tree.
+  GLASGOW, at 115. St. Vincent Street.
+  DUBLIN, at 1. Crampton Quay.
+  BIRMINGHAM, at Market Hall.
+  SOUTH WALES, at 13. King Street, Bristol.
+
+MESSRS. ALLSOPP & SONS take the opportunity of announcing to PRIVATE
+FAMILIES that their ALES, so strongly recommended by the Medical
+Profession, may be procured in DRAUGHT and BOTTLES GENUINE from all the
+most RESPECTABLE LICENSED VICTUALLERS, on "ALLSOPP'S PALE ALE" being
+specially asked for.
+
+When in bottle, the genuineness of the label can be ascertained by its
+having "ALLSOPP & SONS" written across it.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the possession of
+Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his Inquiries are
+greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen engaged in
+Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to undertake searches
+among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient Wills, or
+other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch of Literature,
+History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which he has had
+considerable experience.
+
+1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, HATCHAM, SURREY.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Patronised by the Royal Family.
+
+TWO THOUSAND POUNDS for any person producing Articles superior to the
+following:
+
+THE HAIR RESTORED AND GREYNESS PREVENTED.
+
+BEETHAM'S CAPILLARY FLUID is acknowledged to be the most effectual article
+for Restoring the Hair in Baldness, strengthening when weak and fine,
+effectually preventing falling or turning grey, and for restoring its
+natural colour without the use of dye. The rich glossy appearance it
+imparts is the admiration of every person. Thousands have experienced its
+astonishing efficacy. Bottles, 2s. 6d.; double, 4s. 6d.; 7s. 6d. equal to 4
+small; 11s. to 6 small; 21s. to 13 small. The most perfect beautifier ever
+invented.
+
+SUPERFLUOUS HAIR REMOVED.
+
+BEETHAM'S VEGETABLE EXTRACT does not cause pain or injury to the skin. Its
+effect is unerring, and it is now patronised by royalty and hundreds of the
+first families. Bottles, 5s.
+
+BEETHAM'S PLASTER is the only effectual remover of Corns and Bunions. It
+also reduces enlarged Great Toe Joints in an astonishing manner. If space
+allowed, the testimony of upwards of twelve thousand individuals, during
+the last five years, might be inserted. Packets, 1s.; Boxes, 2s. 6d. Sent
+Free by BEETHAM, Chemist, Cheltenham, for 14 or 36 Post Stamps.
+
+    Sold by PRING, 30. Westmorland Street; JACKSON, 9. Westland Row; BEWLEY
+    & EVANS, Dublin; GOULDING, 108. Patrick Street, Cork; BARRY, 9. Main
+    Street, Kinsale; GRATTAN, Belfast; MURDOCK, BROTHERS, Glasgow; DUNCAN &
+    FLOCKHART, Edinburgh. SANGER, 150. Oxford Street; PROUT, 229. Strand;
+    KEATING, St. Paul's Churchyard; SAVORY & MOORE, Bond Street; HANNAY,
+    63. Oxford Street; London. All Chemists and Perfumers will procure
+    them.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description of
+upwards of 100 articles, consisting of PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS,
+Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and
+other travelling requisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by Post on
+receipt of Two Stamps.
+
+MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their
+Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new
+Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best articles
+of the kind ever produced.
+
+J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class X.,
+in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates,
+may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made
+Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4
+guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas.
+Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with
+Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket
+Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully
+examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and
+4l. Thermometers from 1s. each.
+
+BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the
+Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen,
+
+65. CHEAPSIDE.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish
+of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St.
+Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186.
+Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of
+London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, April 15.
+1854.
+
+       *       *       *       *       *
+
+
+Corrections made to printed original.
+
+page 358, "I find that, by treating box sawdust": 'It find that' in
+original.
+
+page 361, "unimagined system of criticism": 'sytem' in original.
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 233, April
+15, 1854, by Various
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES ***
+
+***** This file should be named 30644.txt or 30644.zip *****
+This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:
+        http://www.gutenberg.org/3/0/6/4/30644/
+
+Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images
+generously made available by The Internet Library of Early
+Journals.)
+
+
+Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions
+will be renamed.
+
+Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no
+one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation
+(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without
+permission and without paying copyright royalties.  Special rules,
+set forth in the General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to
+copying and distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works to
+protect the PROJECT GUTENBERG-tm concept and trademark.  Project
+Gutenberg is a registered trademark, and may not be used if you
+charge for the eBooks, unless you receive specific permission.  If you
+do not charge anything for copies of this eBook, complying with the
+rules is very easy.  You may use this eBook for nearly any purpose
+such as creation of derivative works, reports, performances and
+research.  They may be modified and printed and given away--you may do
+practically ANYTHING with public domain eBooks.  Redistribution is
+subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
+redistribution.
+
+
+
+*** START: FULL LICENSE ***
+
+THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE
+PLEASE READ THIS BEFORE YOU DISTRIBUTE OR USE THIS WORK
+
+To protect the Project Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting the free
+distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work
+(or any other work associated in any way with the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg"), you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License (available with this file or online at
+http://gutenberg.org/license).
+
+
+Section 1.  General Terms of Use and Redistributing Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic works
+
+1.A.  By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work, you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to
+and accept all the terms of this license and intellectual property
+(trademark/copyright) agreement.  If you do not agree to abide by all
+the terms of this agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy
+all copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in your possession.
+If you paid a fee for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work and you do not agree to be bound by the
+terms of this agreement, you may obtain a refund from the person or
+entity to whom you paid the fee as set forth in paragraph 1.E.8.
+
+1.B.  "Project Gutenberg" is a registered trademark.  It may only be
+used on or associated in any way with an electronic work by people who
+agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement.  There are a few
+things that you can do with most Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works
+even without complying with the full terms of this agreement.  See
+paragraph 1.C below.  There are a lot of things you can do with Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works if you follow the terms of this agreement
+and help preserve free future access to Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.  See paragraph 1.E below.
+
+1.C.  The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation ("the Foundation"
+or PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic works.  Nearly all the individual works in the
+collection are in the public domain in the United States.  If an
+individual work is in the public domain in the United States and you are
+located in the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from
+copying, distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative
+works based on the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg
+are removed.  Of course, we hope that you will support the Project
+Gutenberg-tm mission of promoting free access to electronic works by
+freely sharing Project Gutenberg-tm works in compliance with the terms of
+this agreement for keeping the Project Gutenberg-tm name associated with
+the work.  You can easily comply with the terms of this agreement by
+keeping this work in the same format with its attached full Project
+Gutenberg-tm License when you share it without charge with others.
+
+1.D.  The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern
+what you can do with this work.  Copyright laws in most countries are in
+a constant state of change.  If you are outside the United States, check
+the laws of your country in addition to the terms of this agreement
+before downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or
+creating derivative works based on this work or any other Project
+Gutenberg-tm work.  The Foundation makes no representations concerning
+the copyright status of any work in any country outside the United
+States.
+
+1.E.  Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:
+
+1.E.1.  The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate
+access to, the full Project Gutenberg-tm License must appear prominently
+whenever any copy of a Project Gutenberg-tm work (any work on which the
+phrase "Project Gutenberg" appears, or with which the phrase "Project
+Gutenberg" is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed,
+copied or distributed:
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+1.E.2.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is derived
+from the public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is
+posted with permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied
+and distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees
+or charges.  If you are redistributing or providing access to a work
+with the phrase "Project Gutenberg" associated with or appearing on the
+work, you must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1.E.1
+through 1.E.7 or obtain permission for the use of the work and the
+Project Gutenberg-tm trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1.E.8 or
+1.E.9.
+
+1.E.3.  If an individual Project Gutenberg-tm electronic work is posted
+with the permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution
+must comply with both paragraphs 1.E.1 through 1.E.7 and any additional
+terms imposed by the copyright holder.  Additional terms will be linked
+to the Project Gutenberg-tm License for all works posted with the
+permission of the copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.
+
+1.E.4.  Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this
+work or any other work associated with Project Gutenberg-tm.
+
+1.E.5.  Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this
+electronic work, or any part of this electronic work, without
+prominently displaying the sentence set forth in paragraph 1.E.1 with
+active links or immediate access to the full terms of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm License.
+
+1.E.6.  You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary,
+compressed, marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any
+word processing or hypertext form.  However, if you provide access to or
+distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg-tm work in a format other than
+"Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other format used in the official version
+posted on the official Project Gutenberg-tm web site (www.gutenberg.org),
+you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
+copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
+request, of the work in its original "Plain Vanilla ASCII" or other
+form.  Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+License as specified in paragraph 1.E.1.
+
+1.E.7.  Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying,
+performing, copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg-tm works
+unless you comply with paragraph 1.E.8 or 1.E.9.
+
+1.E.8.  You may charge a reasonable fee for copies of or providing
+access to or distributing Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works provided
+that
+
+- You pay a royalty fee of 20% of the gross profits you derive from
+     the use of Project Gutenberg-tm works calculated using the method
+     you already use to calculate your applicable taxes.  The fee is
+     owed to the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark, but he
+     has agreed to donate royalties under this paragraph to the
+     Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.  Royalty payments
+     must be paid within 60 days following each date on which you
+     prepare (or are legally required to prepare) your periodic tax
+     returns.  Royalty payments should be clearly marked as such and
+     sent to the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation at the
+     address specified in Section 4, "Information about donations to
+     the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation."
+
+- You provide a full refund of any money paid by a user who notifies
+     you in writing (or by e-mail) within 30 days of receipt that s/he
+     does not agree to the terms of the full Project Gutenberg-tm
+     License.  You must require such a user to return or
+     destroy all copies of the works possessed in a physical medium
+     and discontinue all use of and all access to other copies of
+     Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+- You provide, in accordance with paragraph 1.F.3, a full refund of any
+     money paid for a work or a replacement copy, if a defect in the
+     electronic work is discovered and reported to you within 90 days
+     of receipt of the work.
+
+- You comply with all other terms of this agreement for free
+     distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm works.
+
+1.E.9.  If you wish to charge a fee or distribute a Project Gutenberg-tm
+electronic work or group of works on different terms than are set
+forth in this agreement, you must obtain permission in writing from
+both the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation and Michael
+Hart, the owner of the Project Gutenberg-tm trademark.  Contact the
+Foundation as set forth in Section 3 below.
+
+1.F.
+
+1.F.1.  Project Gutenberg volunteers and employees expend considerable
+effort to identify, do copyright research on, transcribe and proofread
+public domain works in creating the Project Gutenberg-tm
+collection.  Despite these efforts, Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works, and the medium on which they may be stored, may contain
+"Defects," such as, but not limited to, incomplete, inaccurate or
+corrupt data, transcription errors, a copyright or other intellectual
+property infringement, a defective or damaged disk or other medium, a
+computer virus, or computer codes that damage or cannot be read by
+your equipment.
+
+1.F.2.  LIMITED WARRANTY, DISCLAIMER OF DAMAGES - Except for the "Right
+of Replacement or Refund" described in paragraph 1.F.3, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation, the owner of the Project
+Gutenberg-tm trademark, and any other party distributing a Project
+Gutenberg-tm electronic work under this agreement, disclaim all
+liability to you for damages, costs and expenses, including legal
+fees.  YOU AGREE THAT YOU HAVE NO REMEDIES FOR NEGLIGENCE, STRICT
+LIABILITY, BREACH OF WARRANTY OR BREACH OF CONTRACT EXCEPT THOSE
+PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH F3.  YOU AGREE THAT THE FOUNDATION, THE
+TRADEMARK OWNER, AND ANY DISTRIBUTOR UNDER THIS AGREEMENT WILL NOT BE
+LIABLE TO YOU FOR ACTUAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, PUNITIVE OR
+INCIDENTAL DAMAGES EVEN IF YOU GIVE NOTICE OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH
+DAMAGE.
+
+1.F.3.  LIMITED RIGHT OF REPLACEMENT OR REFUND - If you discover a
+defect in this electronic work within 90 days of receiving it, you can
+receive a refund of the money (if any) you paid for it by sending a
+written explanation to the person you received the work from.  If you
+received the work on a physical medium, you must return the medium with
+your written explanation.  The person or entity that provided you with
+the defective work may elect to provide a replacement copy in lieu of a
+refund.  If you received the work electronically, the person or entity
+providing it to you may choose to give you a second opportunity to
+receive the work electronically in lieu of a refund.  If the second copy
+is also defective, you may demand a refund in writing without further
+opportunities to fix the problem.
+
+1.F.4.  Except for the limited right of replacement or refund set forth
+in paragraph 1.F.3, this work is provided to you 'AS-IS' WITH NO OTHER
+WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PURPOSE.
+
+1.F.5.  Some states do not allow disclaimers of certain implied
+warranties or the exclusion or limitation of certain types of damages.
+If any disclaimer or limitation set forth in this agreement violates the
+law of the state applicable to this agreement, the agreement shall be
+interpreted to make the maximum disclaimer or limitation permitted by
+the applicable state law.  The invalidity or unenforceability of any
+provision of this agreement shall not void the remaining provisions.
+
+1.F.6.  INDEMNITY - You agree to indemnify and hold the Foundation, the
+trademark owner, any agent or employee of the Foundation, anyone
+providing copies of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works in accordance
+with this agreement, and any volunteers associated with the production,
+promotion and distribution of Project Gutenberg-tm electronic works,
+harmless from all liability, costs and expenses, including legal fees,
+that arise directly or indirectly from any of the following which you do
+or cause to occur: (a) distribution of this or any Project Gutenberg-tm
+work, (b) alteration, modification, or additions or deletions to any
+Project Gutenberg-tm work, and (c) any Defect you cause.
+
+
+Section  2.  Information about the Mission of Project Gutenberg-tm
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm is synonymous with the free distribution of
+electronic works in formats readable by the widest variety of computers
+including obsolete, old, middle-aged and new computers.  It exists
+because of the efforts of hundreds of volunteers and donations from
+people in all walks of life.
+
+Volunteers and financial support to provide volunteers with the
+assistance they need, are critical to reaching Project Gutenberg-tm's
+goals and ensuring that the Project Gutenberg-tm collection will
+remain freely available for generations to come.  In 2001, the Project
+Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation was created to provide a secure
+and permanent future for Project Gutenberg-tm and future generations.
+To learn more about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation
+and how your efforts and donations can help, see Sections 3 and 4
+and the Foundation web page at http://www.pglaf.org.
+
+
+Section 3.  Information about the Project Gutenberg Literary Archive
+Foundation
+
+The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation is a non profit
+501(c)(3) educational corporation organized under the laws of the
+state of Mississippi and granted tax exempt status by the Internal
+Revenue Service.  The Foundation's EIN or federal tax identification
+number is 64-6221541.  Its 501(c)(3) letter is posted at
+http://pglaf.org/fundraising.  Contributions to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation are tax deductible to the full extent
+permitted by U.S. federal laws and your state's laws.
+
+The Foundation's principal office is located at 4557 Melan Dr. S.
+Fairbanks, AK, 99712., but its volunteers and employees are scattered
+throughout numerous locations.  Its business office is located at
+809 North 1500 West, Salt Lake City, UT 84116, (801) 596-1887, email
+business@pglaf.org.  Email contact links and up to date contact
+information can be found at the Foundation's web site and official
+page at http://pglaf.org
+
+For additional contact information:
+     Dr. Gregory B. Newby
+     Chief Executive and Director
+     gbnewby@pglaf.org
+
+
+Section 4.  Information about Donations to the Project Gutenberg
+Literary Archive Foundation
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm depends upon and cannot survive without wide
+spread public support and donations to carry out its mission of
+increasing the number of public domain and licensed works that can be
+freely distributed in machine readable form accessible by the widest
+array of equipment including outdated equipment.  Many small donations
+($1 to $5,000) are particularly important to maintaining tax exempt
+status with the IRS.
+
+The Foundation is committed to complying with the laws regulating
+charities and charitable donations in all 50 states of the United
+States.  Compliance requirements are not uniform and it takes a
+considerable effort, much paperwork and many fees to meet and keep up
+with these requirements.  We do not solicit donations in locations
+where we have not received written confirmation of compliance.  To
+SEND DONATIONS or determine the status of compliance for any
+particular state visit http://pglaf.org
+
+While we cannot and do not solicit contributions from states where we
+have not met the solicitation requirements, we know of no prohibition
+against accepting unsolicited donations from donors in such states who
+approach us with offers to donate.
+
+International donations are gratefully accepted, but we cannot make
+any statements concerning tax treatment of donations received from
+outside the United States.  U.S. laws alone swamp our small staff.
+
+Please check the Project Gutenberg Web pages for current donation
+methods and addresses.  Donations are accepted in a number of other
+ways including checks, online payments and credit card donations.
+To donate, please visit: http://pglaf.org/donate
+
+
+Section 5.  General Information About Project Gutenberg-tm electronic
+works.
+
+Professor Michael S. Hart is the originator of the Project Gutenberg-tm
+concept of a library of electronic works that could be freely shared
+with anyone.  For thirty years, he produced and distributed Project
+Gutenberg-tm eBooks with only a loose network of volunteer support.
+
+
+Project Gutenberg-tm eBooks are often created from several printed
+editions, all of which are confirmed as Public Domain in the U.S.
+unless a copyright notice is included.  Thus, we do not necessarily
+keep eBooks in compliance with any particular paper edition.
+
+
+Most people start at our Web site which has the main PG search facility:
+
+     http://www.gutenberg.org
+
+This Web site includes information about Project Gutenberg-tm,
+including how to make donations to the Project Gutenberg Literary
+Archive Foundation, how to help produce our new eBooks, and how to
+subscribe to our email newsletter to hear about new eBooks.
diff --git a/30644.zip b/30644.zip
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5c43934
--- /dev/null
+++ b/30644.zip
diff --git a/LICENSE.txt b/LICENSE.txt
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..6312041
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSE.txt
@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+This eBook, including all associated images, markup, improvements,
+metadata, and any other content or labor, has been confirmed to be
+in the PUBLIC DOMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES.
+
+Procedures for determining public domain status are described in
+the "Copyright How-To" at https://www.gutenberg.org.
+
+No investigation has been made concerning possible copyrights in
+jurisdictions other than the United States. Anyone seeking to utilize
+this eBook outside of the United States should confirm copyright
+status under the laws that apply to them.
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..573d6dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+Project Gutenberg (https://www.gutenberg.org) public repository for
+eBook #30644 (https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/30644)