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diff --git a/30644.txt b/30644.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..e407866 --- /dev/null +++ b/30644.txt @@ -0,0 +1,3705 @@ +Project Gutenberg's Notes and Queries, Number 233, April 15, 1854, by Various + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Notes and Queries, Number 233, April 15, 1854 + A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, + Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc + +Author: Various + +Editor: George Bell + +Release Date: December 10, 2009 [EBook #30644] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ASCII + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + + + + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + + + + +Transcriber's note: A few typographical errors have been corrected: they +are listed at the end of the text. + + * * * * * + + +{341} NOTES AND QUERIES: + +A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, +GENEALOGISTS, ETC. + +"When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. + + * * * * * + + +No. 233.] +SATURDAY, APRIL 15. 1854. +[Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition 5d. + + * * * * * + + +CONTENTS. + + NOTES:-- Page + Palindrome Verses 343 + Children crying at their Birth 343 + Unpublished Letter of Lord Nelson, by E. G. Bass 344 + + FOLK LORE:--Devonshire Superstitions--Quacks--Burning a + Tooth with Salt 344 + Parallel Passages, by H. L. Temple, Cuthbert Bede, &c. 345 + + MINOR NOTES:--Vallancey's Green Book--Herrings--Byron and + Rochefoucauld--"Abscond"--Garlands, Broadsheets, &c.-- + Life-belts--Turkey and Russia--"Verbatim et literatim" 347 + + QUERIES:-- + Prints of London before the Great Fire 348 + Battle of Otterburn, by J. S. Warden 348 + De Beauvoir Pedigree, by T. R. Potter 349 + + MINOR QUERIES:--Dog-whippers: Frankincense--Atchievement in + Yorkshire: Lipyeatt Family--"Waestart"--Rebellion of 1715-- + "Athenian Sport"--Gutta Percha made soluble--Arms of Anthony + Kitchen--Griesbach Arms--Postage System of the Romans--Three + Crowns and Sugar-loaf--Helen MacGregor--Francis Grose the + Antiquary--"King of Kings:" Bishop Andrews' Sermons--Scroope + Family--Harrison the Regicide: Lowle--"Chair" or "Char"-- + Aches--Leeming Hall--Caricature; a Canterbury Tale--Perpetual + Curates not represented in Convocation--Dr. Whichcote and + Dorothy Jordan--Moral Philosophy--Shelley's "Prometheus + Unbound"--Turkish Language 349 + + MINOR QUERIES WITH ANSWERS:--Illustrated Bible of 1527-- + Heraldic Query--Richard de Sancto Victorie--St. Blase 352 + + REPLIES:-- + Leicester as Ranger of Snowdon 353 + Inman Family, by T. Hughes 353 + Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, by Dr. E. F. Rimbault 354 + Hardman's Account of Waterloo 355 + Churches in "Domesday Book," by Wm. Dobson 355 + Memoirs of Grammont, by W. H. Lammin 356 + Celtic and Latin Languages 356 + + PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE:--Box Sawdust for Collodion-- + Proportions of Chlorides and Silver--Photographic Copies of + Rembrandt--Coloured Photographs 358 + + REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES:--Dr. Eleazar Duncon--Christian + Names--Abigail--"Begging the question"--Russian Emperors-- + Garble--Electric Telegraph--Butler's "Lives of the Saints"-- + Anticipatory Use of the Cross--The Marquis of Granby, &c. 359 + + MISCELLANEOUS:-- + Books and Odd Volumes wanted 362 + Notices to Correspondents 362 + + * * * * * + + +Just Published, with ten coloured Engravings, price 5s., + +NOTES ON AQUATIC MICROSCOPIC SUBJECTS OF NATURAL HISTORY, selected from the +"Microscopic Cabinet." By ANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I. + +Also, in 8vo., pp. 720. plates 24, price 21s., or coloured, 36s., + +A HISTORY OF INFUSORIAL ANIMALCULES, Living and Fossil, containing +Descriptions of every species, British and Foreign, the methods of +procuring and viewing them, &c., illustrated by numerous Engravings. By +ANDREW PRITCHARD, M.R.I. + + "There is no work extant in which so much valuable information + concerning Infusoria (Animalcules) can be found, and every Microscopist + should add it to his library."--_Silliman's Journal._ + +London: WHITTAKER & CO., Ave Maria Lane. + + * * * * * + + +Just published, 18 mo., _1s._ + +SERMONS FOR WAYFARERS. Dedicated by permission to the Lord Bishop of Ripon, +with a prefatory Epistle to the Rev. Dr. Hook. By the REV. A. GATTY. + +London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. + + * * * * * + + +ARCHAEOLOGY OF THE STREETS OF DUBLIN, and CELTIC RECORDS OF IRELAND, ETC. + +For the Series of Papers illustrating the above, see Vols. I. II. and III. +of the "Irish Quarterly Review." Price, bound, 11s. each. + +London: SIMPKIN & CO. +Dublin: W. B. KELLY. + + * * * * * + + +CATALOGUE OF VERY RARE BOOKS.--EMANUEL MAI, Bookseller of Berlin, has just +published a Catalogue of PRECIOUS MANUSCRIPTS, INCUNABULA, and very rare +Books on Theology, Philosophy, Antiquities, Philology, Education, the Fine +Arts, Bibliography, Numismatics, Engravings, and General Literature. The +Catalogue contains 17,708 Numbers, or 80,000 Volumes, and is systematically +arranged with Bibliographical Notices. The Catalogue will be forwarded, +Post paid, to those who will forward 2s. in Postage Stamps to MR. FRANZ +THIMM, Foreign Bookseller, 3. Brook Street, New Bond Street, London. + + * * * * * + + +Post Free. + +THE CATTLE UPON A THOUSAND HILLS. A List of GREAT OLD ENGLISH BOOKS for +Sale, by + +JOHN TUPLING, 320. Strand. + + * * * * * + + +CHEAP BOOKS.--C. HILL'S CATALOGUE, No. 13., just published, including a +long Article on NAPOLEON. Sent Free on Application. + +14. KING STREET, HOLBORN. + + * * * * * + + +THE QUARTERLY REVIEW, No. CLXXXVIII., is published THIS DAY. + + CONTENTS: + I. LAURENCE STERNE. + II. SACRED GEOGRAPHY. + III. LORD HOLLAND'S MEMOIRS OF THE WHIG PARTY. + IV. THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE. + V. THE CRIMINAL LAW DIGEST. + VI. WAAGEN'S TREASURES OF ART IN BRITAIN. + VII. THE TURKS AND THE GREEKS. + VIII. THE NEW REFORM BILL. + +JOHN MURRAY, Albemarle Street. + + * * * * * + + +Now ready, No. VI., 2s. 6d., published Quarterly. + +RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW (New Series); consisting of Criticisms upon, Analyses +of, and Extracts from, Curious, Useful, Valuable, and Scarce Old Books. + +Vol. I., 8vo., pp. 436. cloth 10s. 6d., is also ready. + +JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square, London. + + * * * * * + + +Price One Shilling, + +THE NATIONAL MISCELLANY FOR APRIL contains: + + 1. The New Civil Service Scheme. + 2. The Flaw in the Column. + 3. The Labour Parliament. + 4. An Avalanche on the Great St. Bernard. + 5. Mediaeval London. + 6. Saturday Night. + 7. The Weekly Periodicals. + 8. Sea Life and Sea Literature. + 9. Notices. + 10. Poetry. + +At the OFFICE, No. 1. Exeter Street, Strand, London. + + * * * * * + + +Forwarded Free on receipt of 30 Postage Stamps. + +ARCHITECTURAL BOTANY; setting forth the Geometrical Distribution of +Foliage, Flowers, Fruit. &c., with 20 Original Designs for decorating +Cornices, Spandrils, Crosses, Corbels, Capitals, Bosses, Panels, &c. By +W. P. GRIFFITH, F.S.A., F.R.I.B.A. + +*** Part II. nearly ready. + +London: 9. St. John's Square. + + * * * * * + + +On April 30th will be published, in fcp. 8vo., boards, price 1s. 6d. + +ADVENTURES OF A BASHFUL IRISHMAN. By W. F. DEACON, Author of "Annette," +"Vincent Eden," &c. + + *** The late Judge Talfourd, in his Memoir of Mr. Deacon, calls this + humorous Tale "A pleasant history of an Irish Gil Blas, containing + satirical notices of prominent Irish Patriots, and a description of an + Irish Trial, in which there is a vivid and extremely amusing caricature + of O'Connell." + +London: DAVID BRYCE, 48. Paternoster Row. + + * * * * * + + +{342} + +ARCHAEOLOGICAL WORKS BY JOHN YONGE AKERMAN, + +FELLOW AND SECRETARY OF THE SOCIETY OF ANTIQUARIES OF LONDON. + +AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL INDEX to Remains of Antiquity of the Celtic, +Romano-British, and Anglo-Saxon Periods. 1 vol. 8vo., price 15s. cloth, +illustrated by numerous Engravings, comprising upwards of five hundred +objects. + +A NUMISMATIC MANUAL. 1 vol. 8vo., price One Guinea. + + *** The Plates which illustrate this Volume are upon a novel plan, and + will, at a glance, convey more information regarding the types of + Greek, Roman, and English Coins, than can be obtained by many hours' + careful reading. Instead of a fac-simile Engraving being given of that + which is already an enigma to the tyro, the most striking and + characteristic features of the Coin are dissected and placed by + themselves, so that the eye soon becomes familiar with them. + +A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE of Rare and Unedited Roman Coins, from the Earliest +Period to the taking of Rome under Constantine Paleologos. 2 vols. 8vo., +numerous Plates, 30s. + +COINS OF THE ROMANS relating to Britain, 1 vol. 8vo. Second Edition, with +an entirely new set of Plates, price 10s. 6d. + +ANCIENT COINS of CITIES and Princes, Geographically arranged and described, +containing the Coins of Hispania, Gallia, and Britannia, with Plates of +several hundred examples. 1 vol. 8vo., price 18s. + +NEW TESTAMENT, Numismatic Illustrations of the Narrative Portions of +the.--Fine paper, numerous Woodcuts from the original Coins in various +Public and Private Collections. 1 vol. 8vo., price 5s. 6d. + +AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY of ANCIENT and MODERN COINS. In 1 vol. fcp. +8vo., with numerous Wood Engravings from the original Coins, price 6s. 6d. +cloth. + +CONTENTS:--Section 1. Origin of Coinage--Greek Regal Coins. 2. Greek Civic +Coins. 3. Greek Imperial Coins. 4. Origin of Roman Coinage--Consular Coins. +5. Roman Imperial Coins. 6. Roman British Coins. 7. Ancient British +Coinage. 8. Anglo-Saxon Coinage. 9. English Coinage from the Conquest. 10. +Scotch Coinage. 11. Coinage of Ireland. 12. Anglo-Gallic Coins. 13. +Continental Money in the Middle Ages. 14. Various Representatives of +Coinage. 15. Forgeries in Ancient and Modern Times. 16. Table of Prices of +English Coins realised at Public Sales. + +TRADESMEN'S TOKENS, struck in London and its Vicinity, from the year 1648 +to 1672 inclusive. Described from the Originals in the Collection of the +British Museum, &c. 15s. + +REMAINS OF PAGAN SAXONDOM, principally from Tumuli in England. Publishing +in 4to., in Numbers, at 2s. 6d. With coloured Plates. + +A GLOSSARY OF PROVINCIAL WORDS and PHRASES in Use in Wiltshire. 12mo., 3s. + +THE NUMISMATIC CHRONICLE is published Quarterly. Price 3s. 6d. each Number. + +JOHN RUSSELL SMITH, 36. Soho Square, London. + + * * * * * + + +THE TOPOGRAPHER & GENEALOGIST, + +EDITED BY JOHN GOUGH NICHOLS, F.S.A. + +_The XIIIth Part of this Work is now published, price_ 3s. 6d., +_containing_: + +Some Account of the Manor of Apuldrefield, in the Parish of Cudham, Kent, +by G. Steinman Steinman, Esq., F.S.A. + +Petition to Parliament from the Borough of Wotton Basset, in the reign of +Charles I., relative to the right of the Burgesses to Free Common of +Pasture in Fasterne Great Park. + +Memoranda in Heraldry, from the MS. Pocket-books of Peter Le Neve, Norroy +King of Arms. + +Was William of Wykeham of the Family of Swalcliffe? By Charles Wykeham +Martin, Esq., M.P., F.S.A. + +Account of Sir Toby Caulfield rendered to the Irish Exchequer, relative to +the Chattel Property of the Earl of Tyrone and other fugitives from Ulster +in the year 1616, communicated by James F. Ferguson, Esq., of the Exchequer +Record Office, Dublin. + +Indenture enumerating various Lands in Cirencester, 4 Hen. VII. (1489). + + * * * * * + +Two Volumes of this Work are now completed, which are published in cloth +boards, price Two Guineas, or in Twelve Parts, price 3s. 6d. each. Among +its more important articles are-- + + Descent of the Earldom of Lincoln, with Introductory Observations on + the Ancient Earldoms of England, by the Editor. + + On the Connection of Arderne, or Arden, of Cheshire, with the Ardens + of Warwickshire. By George Ormerod, Esq., D.C.L., F.S.A. + + Genealogical Declaration respecting the Family of Norres, written by + Sir William Norres, of Speke, co. Lanc. in 1563; followed by an + abstract of charters, &c. + + The Domestic Chronicle of Thomas Godfrey, Esq., of Winchelsea, &c., + M.P., the father of Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey, finished in 1655. + + Honywood Evidences, compiled previously to 1620, edited by B. W. + Greenfield, Esq. + + The Descendants of Mary Honywood at her death in 1620. + + Marriage Settlements of the Honywoods. + + Pedigrees of the families of Arden or Arderne, Arundell of Aynho, + Babington, Barry, Bayley, Bowet, Browne, Burton of Coventry, + Clarke, Clerke, Clinton, Close, Dabridgecourt, Dakyns or Dakeynes, + D'Oyly, Drew, FitzAlan, Fitzherbert, Franceis, Fremingham, Gyll, + Hammond, Harlakenden, Heneage, Hirst, Honywood, Hodilow, Holman, + Horde, Hustler, Isley, Kirby, Kynnersley, Marche, Marston, Meynell, + Norres, Peirse, Pimpe, Plomer, Polhill or Polley, Pycheford, + Pitchford, Pole or De la Pole, Preston, Viscount Tarah, Thexton, + Tregose, Turner of Kirkleatham, Ufford, Walerand, Walton, and Yate. + + The Genealogies of more than ninety families of Stockton-upon-Tees, + by Wm. D'Oyly Bayley, Esq., F.S.A. + + Sepulchral Memorials of the English at Bruges and Caen. + + Many original Charters, several Wills, and Funeral Certificates. + + Survey, temp. Philip and Mary, of the Manors of Crosthole, Landren, + Landulph, Lightdurrant, Porpehan and Tynton, in Cornwall; + Aylesbeare and Whytford, co. Devon; Ewerne Courtenay, co. Dorset; + Mudford and Hinton, West Coker, and Stoke Courcy, co. Somerset; + Rolleston, co. Stafford; and Corton, co. Wilts. + + Survey of the Marshes of the Medway, temp. Henry VIII. + + A Description of Cleveland, addressed to Sir Thomas Chaloner, temp. + James I. + + A Catalogue of the Monumental Brasses, ancient Monuments, and Painted + Glass existing in the Churches of Bedfordshire, with all Names and + Dates. + + Catalogue of Sepulchral Monuments in Suffolk, throughout the hundreds + of Babergh, Blackbourn, Blything, Bosmere and Claydon, Carlford, + Colnies, Cosford, Hartismere, Hoxne, Town of Ipswich, Hundreds of + Lackford and Loes. By the late D. E. Davy, Esq., of Ufford. + + Published by J. B. NICHOLS & SONS, 25. Parliament Street, + Westminster; where may be obtained, on application, a fuller abstract + of the contents of these volumes, and also of the "Collectanea + Topographica et Genealogica," now complete in Eight Volumes. + + * * * * * + + +WORKS BY THE REV. DR. MAITLAND. + +THE DARK AGES; being a Series of ESSAYS intended to illustrate the State of +RELIGION and LITERATURE in the 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th Centuries. +Reprinted from the "British Magazine," with Corrections, and some +Additions; uniformly with the present Volume. Third Edition. 10s. 6d. + +ESSAYS on Subjects connected with the REFORMATION IN ENGLAND. Reprinted, +with Additions, from the "British Magazine." 13s. + +ERUVIN; or MISCELLANEOUS ESSAYS on Subjects connected with the NATURE, +HISTORY, and DESTINY of MAN. Second Edition. In small 8vo. 5s. + +EIGHT ESSAYS on various Subjects. In small 8vo. 4s. 6d. + +A LETTER to the REV. DR. MILL, containing some STRICTURES on MR. FABER'S +recent Work, entitled "The Ancient Vallenses and Albigenses." 8vo. 1s. 6d. + +THE VOLUNTARY SYSTEM. New Edition. Small 8vo. 5s. 6d. + +NOTES on the CONTRIBUTIONS of the REV. GEORGE TOWNSEND, M.A., Canon of +Durham, to the New Edition of FOX'S MARTYROLOGY. In Three Parts: 1. On the +Memoir of Fox, ascribed to his Son. 2. Puritan Thaumaturgy. 3. Historical +Authority of Fox. 8vo. 8s. 6d. + +REMARKS on the REV. S. R. CATTLEY'S DEFENCE of his Edition of FOX'S +MARTYROLOGY. 8vo. 2s. 6d. + +TWELVE LETTERS ON FOX'S ACTS and MONUMENTS. Reprinted from the "British +Magazine." 8vo. 6s. + +A REVIEW of FOX'S HISTORY of the WALDENSES. 8vo. 1s. 6d. + +A LETTER to the REV. HUGH JAMES ROSE, B.D., Chaplain to His Grace the +Archbishop of Canterbury; with STRICTURES on MILNER'S CHURCH HISTORY. 8vo. +1s. 6d. + +A SECOND LETTER to the REV. HUGH JAMES ROSE, B.D.; containing NOTES on +MILNER'S HISTORY of the CHURCH in the FOURTH CENTURY. 8vo. 2s. 6d. + +A LETTER to the REV. JOHN KING, M.A., Incumbent of Christ's Church, Hull; +occasioned by his PAMPHLET, entitled "Maitland not authorised to censure +Milner." 8vo. 2s. 6d. + +REMARKS on that Part of the REV. J. KING'S PAMPHLET, entitled "Maitland not +authorised to censure Milner," which relates to the WALDENSES, including a +Reply to the REV. G. S. FABER'S SUPPLEMENT, entitled "Reinerius and +Maitland." 8vo. 2s. 6d. + +An INDEX of such ENGLISH BOOKS printed before the year MDC. as are now in +the Archiepiscopal Library at Lambeth. 8vo. 4s. + +RIVINGTONS, Waterloo Place, Pall Mall. + + * * * * * + + +{343} + +_LONDON, SATURDAY, APRIL_ 15, 1854. + + * * * * * + +Notes. + +PALINDROME VERSES. + +BOEOTICUS inquires (Vol. vi., p 209.) whence comes the line-- + + "Roma tibi subito motibus ibit amor." + +In p. 352. of the same volume W. W. T. (quoting from D'Israeli's +_Curiosities of Literature_ a passage which supplies the hexameter +completing the distich, and attributes the verses to Sidonius Apollinaris) +asks where may be found a legend which represents the two lines to have +formed part of a dialogue between the fiend, under the form of a mule, and +a monk, who was his rider. B. H. C., at p. 521. of the same volume, sends a +passage from the _Dictionnaire Litteraire_, giving the complete distich: + + "Signa te, signa, temere me tangis et angis. + Roma tibi subito motibus ibit amor," + +and attributing it to the devil, but without supplying any more authentic +parentage for the lines. The following Note will contribute a fact or two +to the investigation of the subject; but I shall be obliged to conclude by +reiterating the original Query of BOEOTICUS, Who was the real author of the +lines? + +In a little work entitled _A Summer in Brittany_, published by me in 1840, +may be found (at p. 99. of vol. i.) a legend, which relates how one Jean +Patye, canon of Cambremer, in the chapter of Bayeux, rode the devil to +Rome, for the purpose of there chanting the epistle at the midnight mass at +Christmas, according to the tenor of an ancient bond, which obliged the +chapter to send one of their number yearly to Rome for that purpose. This +story I met with in a little volume, entitled _Contes populaires, Prejuges, +Patois, Proverbes de l'Arrondissement de Bayeux, recueillis et publies_, +par F. Pluquet, the frontispiece of which consists of a sufficiently +graphic representation of the worthy canon's feat. Pluquet concludes his +narrative by stating that-- + + "Etienne Tabourot dans ses _Bigarrures_, publiees sous le nom du + _Seigneur des Accords_, rapporte que c'est a Saint Antide que le + diable, qui le portait a Rome sur son dos, adresse le distique latin + dont il est question ci-dessus." + +It should seem that this trick of _carrying people to Rome_ was attributed +to the devil, by those conversant with his habits, in other centuries +besides the nineteenth. + +I have not here the means of looking at the work to which Pluquet refers; +but if any of your correspondents, who live in more bookish lands than +this, will do so, they may perchance obtain some clue to the original +authorship of the lines; for in Sidonius Apollinaris I cannot find them. +The only edition of his works to which I have the means of referring is the +quarto of Adrien Perrier, Paris, 1609. Among the verses contained in that +volume, I think I can assert that the lines in question are not. We all +know that the worthy author of the _Curiosities of Literature_ cannot be +much depended upon for accuracy. + +Once again, then, Who was the author of this specimen, perhaps the most +perfect extant, of palindromic absurdity? + +T. A. T. + +Florence. + + * * * * * + +CHILDREN CRYING AT THEIR BIRTH. + + "When I was born, I drew in the common air, and fell upon the earth, + which is of like nature, _and the first voice which I uttered was + crying, as all others do_."--_Wisd._ vii. 3. + + "Tum porro Puer, ut saevis projectus ab undis + Navita, _nudus, humi jacet_, Infans, indigus omni + Vitali auxilio; cum primum in luminis oras + Nixibus ex alvo matris natura profudit: + _Vagituque locum lugubri complet_, ut aequum est, + Cui tantum in vita restet transire malorum." + _Lucret. De Rer. Nat._, v. 223. + +For the benefit of the lady-readers of "N. & Q." I subjoin a translation of +these beautiful lines of Lucretius: + + "The infant, as soon as Nature with great pangs of travail hath sent it + forth from the womb of its mother into the regions of light, lies, like + a sailor cast out from the waves, _naked upon the earth_ in utter want + and helplessness; _and fills every place around with mournful wailings_ + and piteous lamentation, as is natural for one who has so many ills of + life in store for him, so many evils which he must pass through and + suffer." + + "Thou must be patient: we came crying hither; + Thou know'st, the first time that we smell the air, + We wawle and cry-- + When we are born, we cry that we are come + To this great stage of fools."--Shakspeare's _Lear_. + + "Who remindeth me of the sins of my infancy? 'For in Thy sight none is + pure from sin, not even the infant whose life is but a day upon the + earth.' (Job xxv. 4.) Who remindeth me? Doth not each little infant, in + whom I see what of myself I remember not? What then was my sin? Was it + that I _hung upon the breast and cried_?"--St. Austin, _Confess._, lib. + i. 7. + + "For man's sake it should seeme that Nature made and produced all other + creatures besides; though this great favour of hers, so bountifull and + beneficiall in that respect, hath cost them full deere. Insomuch as it + is hard to judge, whether in so doing she hath done the part of a kind + mother, or a hard and cruell stepdame. For first and foremost, of all + other living creatures, man she hath brought forth all naked, and + cloathed him with the good and riches of others. To all the rest she + hath given sufficient to clad them everie {344} one according to their + kind; as namely shells, cods, hard hides, prickes, shagge, bristles, + haire, downe, feathers, quils, skailes, and fleeces of wool. The verie + trunkes and stemmes of trees and plants, shee hath defended with bark + and rind, yea, and the same sometime double against the injuries both + of heat and cold: man alone, poore wretch, she hath laid _all naked + upon the bare earth, even on his birth-day, to cry and wraule presently + from the very first houre that he is borne into this world_: in suche + sort as, _among so many living creatures, there is none subject to shed + teares and weepe like him. And verily to no babe or infant is it given + once to laugh before he be fortie daies old_, and that is counted verie + early and with the soonest.... The child of man thus untowardly borne, + and who another day is to rule and command all other, loe how he lyeth + bound hand and foot, weeping and crying, and beginning his life with + miserie, as if he were to make amends and satisfaction by his + punishment unto Nature, for this onely fault and trespass, that he is + borne alive."--Plinie's _Naturall Historie_, by Phil. Holland, Lond. + 1601, fol., intr. to b. vii. + +The following queries are extracted from Sir Thomas Browne's "Common-place +Books," _Aristotle, Lib. Animal._: + + "Whether till after forty days children, though they cry, weep not; or, + as Scaliger expresseth it, 'Vagiunt sed oculis siccis.' + + "Whether they laugh not upon tickling? + + "Why, though some children have been heard to cry in the womb, _yet so + few cry at their birth_, though their heads be out of the + womb?"--Bohn's ed. iii. 358. + +Thompson follows Pliny, and says that man is "taught _alone_ to weep" +("Spring," 350.); but--not to speak of the + + "Cruel crafty crocodile, + Which, in false grief hiding his harmful guile, + Doth weep full sore and sheddeth tender tears," + +as Spenser sings--the camel weeps when over-loaded, and the deer when +chased sobs piteously. Thompson himself in a passage he has stolen from +Shakspeare, makes the stag weep: + + ----"he stands at bay; + _The big round tears_ run down his dappled face; + He groans in anguish."--Autumn, 452. + + "Steller relates this of the _Phoca Ursina_, Pallas of the camel, and + Humboldt of a small American monkey."--Laurence _On Man_, Lond. 1844, + p. 161. + +Risibility, and a sense of the ridiculous, is generally considered to be +the property of man, though _Le Cat_ states that he has seen a chimpanzee +laugh. + +The notion with regard to a child crying at baptism has been already +touched on in these pages, Vol. vi., p. 601.; Vol. vii., p. 96. + +Grose (quoted in Brand) tells us there is a superstition that a child who +does not cry when sprinkled in baptism will not live; and the same is +recorded in Hone's _Year-Book_. + +EIRIONNACH. + + * * * * * + +UNPUBLISHED LETTER OF LORD NELSON. + +The following letter of Lord Nelson may, especially at the present moment, +interest and amuse some of the readers of "N. & Q." The original is in my +possession, and was given me by the late Miss Churchey of Brecon, daughter +of the gentleman to whom it was addressed. Can any of your readers inform +me where the "old lines" quoted by the great hero are to be found? + +E. G. BASS. + +Ryde, Isle of Wight. + +Merton, Oct. 20, 1802. + +Sir, + +Your idea is most just and proper, that a provision should be made for +midshipmen who have served a certain time with good characters, and +certainly twenty pounds is a very small allowance; but how will your +surprise be increased, when I tell you that their _full_ pay, when +watching, fighting and bleeding for their country at sea, is not equal to +that sum. An admiral's half-pay is scarcely equal, including the run of a +kitchen, to that of a French cook; a captain's but little better than a +valet's; and a lieutenant's certainly not equal to a London footman's; a +midshipman's nothing. But as I am a seaman, and faring with them, I can say +nothing. I will only apply some very old lines wrote at the end of some +former war: + + "Our God and sailor we adore, + In time of danger, not before; + The danger past, both are alike requited, + God is forgotten, and the sailor slighted." + +Your feelings do you great honour, and I only wish all others in the +kingdom were the same. However, if ever I should be placed in a situation +to be useful to such a deserving set of young men as our mids, nothing +shall be left undone which may be in the power of, + + Dear Sir, + Your most obedient servant, + NELSON AND BRONTE. + + Walton Churchey, Esq., + Brecon, S. Wales. + + * * * * * + +FOLK LORE. + +_Devonshire Superstitions._--Seeing that you sometimes insert extracts from +newspapers, I forward you a copy of a paragraph which appeared in _The +Times_ of March 7, 1854, and which is worth a corner in your folk-lore +columns: + + "The following gross case of superstition, which occurred as late as + Sunday se'nnight, in one of the largest {345} market towns in the north + of Devon, is related by an eye-witness:--A young woman, living in the + neighbourhood of Holsworthy, having for some time past been subject to + periodical fits of illness, endeavoured to effect a cure by attendance + at the afternoon service at the parish church, accompanied by thirty + young men, her near neighbours. Service over, she sat in the porch of + the church, and each of the young men, as they passed out in + succession, dropped a penny into her lap; but the last, instead of a + penny, gave her half-a-crown, taking from her the twenty-nine pennies + which she had already received. With this half-crown in her hand, she + walked three times round the communion-table, and afterwards had it + made into a ring, by the wearing of which she believes she will recover + her health." + +HAUGHMOND ST. CLAIR. + +_Quacks._--In the neighbourhood of Sevenoaks, Kent, a little girl was +bitten by a mad dog lately. Instead of sending for the doctor, her father +posted off to an old woman famous for her treatment of hydrophobia. The old +woman sent a quart bottle of some dark liquid, which the patient is to take +twice or thrice daily: and for this the father, though but a poor labourer, +had to pay one pound. The liquid is said by the "country sort" to be +infallible. It is made of herbs plucked by the old woman, and mixed with +milk. Its preparation is of course a grand secret. As yet, the child keeps +well. + +Near Whitechapel, London, is another old woman, equally famous; but her +peculiar talent is not for hydrophobia, but for scalds. Whenever any of the +Germans employed in the numerous sugar-refineries in that neighbourhood +scald themselves, they beg, instead of being sent to the hospital, to be +taken to the old woman. For a few sovereigns, she will take them in, nurse, +and cure them; and I was informed by a proprietor of a large sugar-house +there, that often in a week she will heal a scald as thoroughly as the +hospital will in a month, and send the men back hearty and fit for work to +boot. She uses a good deal of linseed-oil, I am told; but her great secret, +they say, is, that she gives the whole of her time and attention to the +patient. + +P. M. M. + +Temple. + +_Burning a Tooth with Salt._--Can any one tell us whence originates the +custom, very scrupulously observed by many amongst the common people, when +a tooth has been taken out, of burning it--generally with salt? + +TWO SURGEONS. + +Half Moon Street. + + * * * * * + +PARALLEL PASSAGES. + + "The wine of life is drawn, and the mere lees + Is left this vault to brag of."--_Macbeth_, Act II. Sc. 3. + + "These spells are spent, and, spent with these, + The wine of life is on the lees."--_Marmion_, introd. to canto i. + + * * * * * + + "The _old_ and true saying, that a man is generally more inclined to + feel kindly towards one on whom he has conferred favours than towards + one from whom he has received them."--Macaulay, _Essay on Bacon_, + p. 367. (1-vol. edit.)--Query, whose saying? + + "On s'attache par les services qu'on rend, bien plus qu'on n'est + attache par les services qu'on recoit. C'est qu'il y a, dans le coeur + de l'homme, bien plus d'orgueil que de reconnaissance."--Alex. Dumas, + _La Comtesse de Charny_, II. ch. iii. + + * * * * * + + "But earthlier happy is the rose distilled + Than that, which, withering on the virgin thorn, + Grows, lives, and dies in single blessedness."--_Midsum. Night's Dream_, + Act I. Sc. 1. + + "_Maria._ Responde tu mihi vicissim:--utrum spectaculum amoenius: rosa + nitens et lactea in suo frutice, an decerpta digitis ac paulatim + marcescens? + + "_Pamphilus._ Ego rosam existimo feliciorem quae marcescit in hominis + manu, delectans interim et oculos et nares, quam quae senescit in + frutice."--Erasmus, _Procus et Puella_. + + * * * * * + + "And spires whose silent finger points to heaven." (?) + + "And the white spire that points a world of rest."--Mrs. Sigourney, + _Connecticut River_. + + * * * * * + + "She walks the waters _like a thing of life_."--_Byron._ + + "The master bold, + The high-soul'd and the brave, + Who ruled her _like a thing of life_ + Amid the crested wave."--Mrs. Sigourney, _Bell of the Wreck_. + + * * * * * + + "Thy heroes, tho' the general doom + Have swept the column from the tomb, + A mightier monument command,-- + The mountains of their native land!"--_Byron._ + + "Your mountains build their monument, + Tho' ye destroy their dust."--Mrs. Sigourney, _Indian Names_. + + * * * * * + + "Else had I heard the steps, tho' low + And light they fell, as when earth receives, + In morn of frost, the wither'd leaves + That drop when no winds blow."--Scott, _Triermain_, i. _5._ + + "Dropp'd, like shed blossoms, silent to the grass."--Hood, _Mids. + Fairies_, viii. + + "There is sweet music here that softer falls + Than petals from blown roses on the grass."--Tennyson, _Lotos-eaters_. + +{346} + + "Two such I saw, what time the labour'd ox + In his loose traces from the furrow came."--Milton, _Comus_. + + "While labouring oxen, spent with toil and heat, + In their loose traces from the field retreat."--Pope, _Pastoral_, iii. + + * * * * * + + "It is the curse of kings, to be attended + By slaves that take their humours for a warrant + To break into the bloody house of life, + And, on the winking of authority, + To understand a law: to know the meaning + Of dangerous majesty, when perchance it frowns + More upon humour than advised respect."--_King John_, Act IV. Sc. 2. + + "O curse of kings! + Infusing a dread life into their words, + And linking to the sudden transient thought + The unchangeable, irrevocable deed!"--Coleridge, _Death of Wallenstein_, + v. 9. + + * * * * * + + "Conscience! . . . . . . + Your lank jawed, hungry judge will dine upon 't, + And hang the guiltless rather than eat his mutton cold."--C. Cibber, + _Richard III_. + + "The hungry judges soon the sentence sign, + And wretches hang that jurymen may dine."--Pope, _Rape of the Lock_, iii. + 21. + +HARRY LEROY TEMPLE. + +"Death and his brother Sleep." Quoted (from Shelley) with parallel passages +from Sir T. Browne, Coleridge, and Byron in "N. & Q.," Vol. iv., p. 435. +Add to them the following: + + "Care-charmer Sleep, son of the sable Night, + Brother to Death, in silent darkness born." + +_Samuel Daniel_, Spenser's successor as "voluntary Laureate." + + "Care-charming Sleep, thou easer of all woes, + Brother to Death."--Fletcher, _Valentinian_. + + "The death of each day's life."--Shakspeare, _Macbeth_, Act II. Sc. 2. + + "Teach me to live, that I may dread + The grave as little as my bed."--_Bishop Ken._ + + "We thought her sleeping when she died; + And dying, when she slept."--_Hood._ + + "Somne levis, quanquam certissima mortis imago + Consortem cupio te tamen esse tori; + Alma quies, optata, veni, nam sic sine vita + Vivere quam suave est; sic sine morte mori."--_T. Warton._ + [_Finely translated by Wolcot._] + "Come, gentle sleep! attend thy vot'ry's pray'r, + And, though Death's image, to my couch repair; + How sweet, though lifeless, yet with life to lie, + And, without dying, oh, how sweet to die!" + + "While sleep the weary world reliev'd, + By counterfeiting death revived."--Butler, _Hudibras_. + + "Shake off this downy sleep, death's counterfeit, + And look on death itself!"--Shakspeare, _Macbeth_, Act II. Sc. 3. + + "Nature, alas! why are thou so + Obliged unto thy greatest foe? + Sleep that is thy best repast, + Yet of death it bears a taste, + And both are the same things at last."--Dennis, _Sophonisba_. + + "Great Nature's second course, + Chief nourisher in life's feast."--Shakspeare, _Macbeth_, Act II. Sc. 2. + +CUTHBERT BEDE, B.A. + + "Nothing doth countervail a faithful friend."--_Ecclesias._ vi. 15. + + "Nil ego contulerim jucundo sanus amico."--Hor. _Sat._ v. 44. + + "If thou wouldst get a friend, _prove him_ first, and be not hasty to + credit him."--_Ecclesias._ v. 7. + + "_Diu cogita_, an tibi in amicitiam aliquis recipiendus sit: cum + placuerit fieri, toto illum pectore admitte: tam audacter cum illo + loquere, quam tecum."--Seneca, _Epist._ iii. + + "Quid dulcius, quam habere amicum quicum omnia audeas sic loquere quam + tecum."--Cic., _de Amic._ 6. + + "The friends thou hast, and their _adoption tried_, + Grapple them to thy heart with hoops of steel." + + * * * * * + + "But do not dull thy palm with entertainment + Of each new-hatch'd, unfledg'd comrade."--Shakspeare, _Hamlet_, Act I. + Sc. 3. + + "Bring not every man into thy house."--_Ecclesias._ vi. 7. + + * * * * * + + + "A man's attire, and excessive laughter, and gait, show what he + is."--_Ecclesias._ xix. 30. + + "---- The apparel oft proclaims the man."--_Hamlet_, Act I. Sc. 3. + + * * * * * + + "Unus Pellaeo juveni non sufficit orbis: + AEstuat infelix angusto limite mundi, + Ut Gyarae clausus scopulis, parvaque Seripho."--_Juv._ x. 168. + + "_Hamlet._ What have you, my good friends, deserved at the hands of + fortune, that she sends you to prison here? + + _Guildenstern._ Prison, my lord! + + _Ham._ Denmark's a prison. + + _Rosencrantz._ Then is the _world_ one. + + _Ham._ A goodly one, in which there are many confines, wards, and + dungeons; Denmark being one of the worst. + + _Ros._ We think not so, my lord. + + _Ham._ Why, then, 'tis none to you; for there is nothing either good or + bad, but thinking makes it so: to me it is a prison. + + _Ros._ Why, then, your ambition makes it one; 'tis too narrow for your + mind."--Shakspeare, _Hamlet_, Act II. Sc. 2. + + * * * * * + +{347} + + "Ad hanc legem natus es; hoc patri tuo accidit, hoc matri, hoc + majoribus, hoc omnibus ante te, hoc omnibus post te, series invicta, et + nulla mutabilis ope, illigat ac trahit cuncta." + + "_King._ ---- You must know, your father lost a father; + That father lost--lost his; . . . + . . . . . . . . + To reason most absurd, whose common theme + Is death of fathers, and who still hath cry'd, + From the first corse, 'till he that died to-day, + _This must be so_."--_Hamlet_, Act I. Sc. 2. + + * * * * * + + "[Greek: Apo de tou me echontos]," &c.--_Ante_, Vol. viii., p. 372. + + "Besides this, _nothing_ that he so plentifully gives me."--Shakspeare, + _As You Like It_, Act I. Sc. 1. + +J. W. F. + +Having observed several Notes in different Numbers of your interesting +publication, in which sentences have been quoted from the works of ancient +and modern authors that are almost alike in words, or contain the same +ideas clothed in different language, I would only add, that those of your +readers or correspondents who take an interest in such inquiries will find +instances enough, in a work which was published in Venice in 1624, to fill +several columns of "N. & Q." The volume is entitled _Il Seminario de +Governi di Stato, et di Guerra_. + +W. W. + +Malta. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Notes. + +_Vallancey's Green Book._--Perhaps your readers are not aware of the +existence of the curious and interesting volume mentioned in the following +cutting from Jones's last _Catalogue_ (D'Olier St. Dublin). It may +therefore be worth making a note of in your columns: + + "1008. Vallancey's Green Book, _manuscript, folio_. + + *** Vallancey's Green Book, so named from being bound in green vellum, + was the volume in which the celebrated Irish antiquary, General Charles + Vallancey, entered the titles of all the manuscripts and printed works + relative to Ireland which he had occasion to consult in his antiquarian + researches. The copy now offered for sale is believed to be the only + one extant. Bound in the same volume is a collection of the titles of + all the manuscripts relating to Ireland, which are preserved in the + Archbishop of Canterbury's library, at Lambeth, London." + +R. H. + +Trin. Coll., Dublin. + +_Herrings._--"The lovers of fish" may be glad to learn what a bloater is, a +mystery which I endeavoured to unravel when lately on the Norfolk coast. A +bloater, I was informed, is a large, plump herring (as we say a _bloated_ +toad); and the genuine claimants of the title fall by their own weight from +the meshes of the net. + +The origin of the simile--"As dead as a herring"--may not be generally +known. This fish dies immediately upon its removal from the native element +(strange to say) from want of air; for swimming near the surface it +requires much, and the gills, when dry, cannot perform their function. + +C. T. + +_Byron and Rochefoucauld._--The following almost word-for-word renderings +of two of Rochefoucauld's _Reflexions_ occur in the third and fourth +stanzas of the third canto of Byron's _Don Juan_. I am not aware that any +notice has been taken of them beyond a note appended to the first passage, +in Moore's edition of Byron's _Works_, attributing the _mot_ to Montaigne: + + "Yet there are some, they say, who have had _none_, + But those who have ne'er end with only _one_."--_Byron._ + + "On peut trouver des femmes qui n'ont jamais eu de galanterie; mais il + est rare d'en trouver qui n'en aient jamais eu + qu'une."--Rochefoucauld's _Maximes et Reflexions Morales_. + + "In her first passion, woman loves her lover, + In all the others all she loves is love."--_Byron_ + + "Dans les premieres passions les femmes aiment l'amant; dans les autres + elles aiment l'amour."--Rochefoucauld's _Maximes et Reflexions + Morales_. + +SIGMA. + +Customs, London. + +"_Abscond._"--This is a word which appears to have lost its primary meaning +of concealment, apart from that of escape. Horace Walpole, however, uses it +in the former sense: + + "Virette _absconds_, and has sent M. de Pecquigny word that _he shall + abscond_ till he can find a proper opportunity of fighting him." + +CHEVERELLS. + +_Garlands, Broadsheets, &c._--Will you allow me to suggest to your +correspondents, that it would be very desirable, for literary and +antiquarian purposes, to form as complete a list as possible of public and +private collections of garlands, broadsheets, chap-books, ballads, tracts, +&c.; and to ask them to forward to "N. & Q." the names of any such public +or private collections as they may be acquainted with. I need not say +anything of the importance and value of the ballads, &c., contained in such +collections, to the historical student and the archaeologist, for their +value is too well known to require it; but I would earnestly urge the +formation of such a list as the one I now {348} suggest, which will greatly +facilitate literary researches. + +J. + +_Life-belts._--Suppose that each person on board the Tayleur had been +supplied with a life-belt, how many hundreds of lives would have been +saved? And when it is considered that such belts can be made for less than +half-a-crown each, what reason can there be that government should not +require them to be carried, at least in emigrant vessels, if passengers are +so ignorant and stupid as not voluntarily to provide them for themselves? + +THINKS I TO MYSELF. + +_Turkey and Russia--The Eastern Question_ (Vol. ix., p. 244.).--The past +history of these rival states presents more than one parallel passage like +the following, extracted from Watkins's _Travels through Switzerland, +Italy, the Greek Islands, to Constantinople, &c._ (2nd edit., two vols. +8vo. 1794): + + "The Turks have been, and indeed deserve to be, praised for the manner + in which they declared war against the Russians. They sent by Mr. + Bulgakoff, her Imperial Majesty's minister at the Porte, to demand the + restitution of the Crimea, which had been extorted from them by the + merciless despot of R----a, (_sic_) when too much distressed by a + rebellion in Egypt to protect it. On his return without an answer they + put him in the Seven Towers, and commenced hostilities. They hate the + Russians; and to show it the more, frequently call a Frank _Moscoff_. + To the English they are more partial than to any other Christian + nation, from a tradition that Mahomet was prevented by death from + converting our ancestors to his faith."--Vol. ii. pp. 276-7. + +J. MACRAY. + +Oxford. + +"_Verbatim et literatim._"--As this phrase often finds insertion, even in +the pages of "N. & Q.," it may be well to call attention to the fact that +there is no such adverb as _literatim_ in the Latin language. There is the +adverb _literate_, which means after the manner of a literate man, +learnedly; but to express the idea intended by the coined word _literatim_, +I think we must use the form _ad literam_--"_Verbatim et ad literam._" + +L. H. J. TONNA. + + * * * * * + + +Queries. + +PRINTS OF LONDON BEFORE THE GREAT FIRE. + +In addition to the Tower, there was in Cromwell's time the fortification of +Baynard's Castle, near Blackfriars, and the city gates were also +fortifications on a small scale; they were rebuilt (St. John's, +Clerkenwell, excepted, which was spared) after the Great Fire, and were +taken down somewhere about 1760. Can any of your readers tell me whether +there is any series of prints extant of the most remarkable buildings which +were destroyed by the fire? There are some few maps, and a print or two +interspersed here and there, in the British Museum; but is there any +regular series of plates? We know that Inigo Jones built a Grecian portico +on to the east end of the Gothic cathedral of old St. Paul's, surmounted +with statues of Charles I., &c.; that the Puritans destroyed a beautiful +conduit at the top of Cheapside; that Sir Thomas Gresham's Exchange was +standing. But among the many city halls burnt down, were there any fine +specimens of architecture, any churches worthy of note? And as Guildhall +was not entirely consumed, what parts of the present edifice belong to the +olden time? + +You are doubtless aware that the fire did not extend to St. Giles's +Cripplegate, and that at the back of the church are remains of the old city +walls. + +ARDELIO. + + * * * * * + +BATTLE OF OTTERBURN. + +On what authority does Mr. Tytler (_History of Scotland_, vol. iii. pp. +45--53.), in his otherwise very fair account of this celebrated battle, +assert that the Earl of Douglas was a younger man than Hotspur? I have no +doubt that he found it so recorded somewhere, and willingly believed that +his countrymen had prevailed, not only over superior numbers of the enemy, +but also over greater experience on the part of the hostile general; but a +little more investigation would have shown him that the difference of age +lay the other way. Henry Percy, by his own account (in the Scrope and +Grosvenor Controversy), was born in 1366, and was therefore twenty-two when +the battle was fought. I do not know that there is any direct evidence to +Douglas's age, but the following considerations appear to me decisive as to +his being much older than his rival. + +1. Froissart's visit to Scotland was undoubtedly prior to 1366 (although +the exact date is not given), and during his stay of fifteen days at +Dalkeith, he saw much of the youthful heir of that castle, the future hero +of Otterburn, and describes him as a "promising youth." + +2. Hotspur, in his deposition above mentioned, says that he first bore arms +at the siege of Berwick in 1378; but his antagonist must have commenced his +military career long before, as Froissart mentions him as knighted on the +occasion of the battle fought a few days after the surrender of that place, +between Sir Archibald Douglas and Sir Thomas Musgrave; none but kings' sons +were knighted in childhood in those days, or without undergoing a long +previous probation in the inferior grades of chivalry. + +3. An early and constant family (if not general) tradition asserts that +Douglas had a natural son {349} (ancestor of the Cavers family), old enough +to bear his father's banner in the battle; on this, however, I lay little +stress, as Froissart distinctly assigns that honourable post to another +person, David Campbell, who was slain by the side of his lord. + +Mr. Tytler is also evidently wrong in placing, on the authority of +Macpherson's _Notes on Winton_, this battle on the 5th of August, 1388. +Froissart gives the date as the 19th of August, and as the moon was full on +the 18th, the combatants would have bright moonlight all night, which +agrees with all the narratives; on the 5th they would have little +moonlight, and would have lost it soon. + +Though not very germane to the matter, except as being a point of +chronology, I may add here that the remarkable solar eclipse, long +remembered in Scotland by the name of the "Dark Hour," did not occur, as +stated by Mr. Tytler, on 17th June, 1432, but on the same month and day of +the following year. + +J. S. WARDEN. + + * * * * * + +DE BEAUVOIR PEDIGREE. + +I have in my possession a curious ancient pedigree of De Beauvoir and +Harryes, headed thus: + + "The name De Beauvoir is from ---- in the kingdom of England; came into + England with y^e Conquest of the Norman Duke, from whom is descended + all that are now in England, they bearing for their coate armour the + _first_, Azure, a chevron or, between three cinquefeuilles argent, by + the name of De Beauvoir. The _second_ he beareth the guelles a chevron + between three hayeres heads erased, by the name of Harreys. The _third_ + (or) a lyon rampant azure, by the name of Throlpe. The _fourth_, + Argent, a fess between three cressentes azure, by the name of ... + within a mantle doubled guelles on two helmetes and torseyes proper and + the first a demy-dragon, adorned properly guelles and argent, vert, by + the foresaid name De Beauvoir; on the second a harye sitting argent + between two bushes vert." + +The pedigree begins with "Sir Robert Beauvoir, Lord Beauvoir, Lord Baron of +Beaver Castle, Knt.;" and the maternal line with "Sir Robert Harryes of +Malden in Essex, Knt., came into England with the Saxons." + +In the tenth descent the sole heiress is represented as marrying "Robert, +Lord Bellmoint," whose sole daughter married "John, Lord Manners, father of +Edmund Manners, first Earl of Rutland, from whom is descended Roger, Earl +of Rutland, now living." + +The pedigree ends with the nineteenth descendant, Henry de Beauvoir, of the +Isle of Guernsey, who married the daughter of Peter Harreys of the Isle of +Guernsey. + +Can any reader of "N. & Q." inform me whether descendants of that marriage +are still to be found, and where? + +There are points in the pedigree, as genealogists will see, totally +discrepant from the Peerages. + +THOMAS RUSSELL POTTER. + +Wymeswold. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries. + +_Dog-whippers: Frankincense._--Can any reader throw light upon the +following entries in the churchwardens' account-book for the parish of +Forest Hill, near Oxford? + + "1694. P^d to Tho. Mills for whipping dogs out of church, 1 shilling. + + "1702. P^d for frankincense for the church, 6 pence." + +The only passage which occurs to me as at all bearing upon so late a use of +incense in parish churches in this country, is the following extract from +Herbert: + + "The country parson hath a care that his church be swept and kept + clean; and at great festivals, strewed and stuck with boughs, and + perfumed with incense." + +This hardly brings the custom later than 1630. + +As regards the former entry, I am told by a friend that the office of +dog-whipper existed about fifty years ago for the church of Heversham in +Westmoreland. + +C. F. W. + +_Atchievement in Yorkshire--Lipyeatt Family._--Found and noted in a +Yorkshire church tower, an atchievement painted apparently about forty or +fifty years ago, of which no account can be given by the sexton or parish +clerk. Query, to what names do the bearings belong? viz. Vert, on a fess +or, between three bezants, three lions passant azure. Impaling: Vert, three +swans in tri, statant, wings erect, argent. Crest, a lion passant azure, +langued gules. The swans have head, neck, and body like swans, but their +legs appear to have been borrowed from the stork. It is suspected that the +dexter coat belongs to one of the Wiltshire Lipyeatts. + +Is there any pedigree of the Lipyeatt family, who were burghers of wealth +and consideration in the town of Marlborough, from the middle of the +seventeenth century down to the latter part of the eighteenth? + +PATONCE. + +"_Waestart._"--A common expression of sorrow or condolence among the lower +classes in the manufacturing district around Leeds, in Yorkshire. Whence +does it arise? Is it an abbreviation of "Woe to my heart," "Woe is me"? + +J. L. S., Sen. + +_Rebellion of 1715._--Has any report been published of the trial of the +prisoners taken at Preston? Mr. Baron Bury, Mr. Justice Eyre, and Mr. Baron +Montague opened the Commission at Liverpool. The trials began on January +20, 1716, and lasted till February 8. + +THOMAS BAKER. + +{350} + +"_Athenian Sport._"--Who was the writer of _Athenian Sport, or Two Thousand +Paradoxes, merely argued to amuse and divert the Age_, by a Member of the +Athenian Society, London, 1707?[1] It would almost appear to have been a +burlesque upon the _Athenian Oracle_. + +HENRY T. RILEY. + +[Footnote 1: Lowndes has attributed this work, but we think incorrectly, to +the celebrated John Dunton.--ED.] + +_Gutta Percha made soluble._--Can any one inform me how gutta percha may be +made so soluble, that a coating of it may be given any article, which shall +dry as hard as its former state? I have tried melting it in a ladle, but it +never hardened properly. + +E. B. + +Leeds. + +_Arms of Anthony Kitchen._--Can any of your correspondents inform me what +were the arms of Anthony Kitchen, Bishop of Llandaff in 1545? And what +relation, if any, of Robert Kitchen, who was Mayor of Bristol in 1588? The +latter was of Kendal in Westmoreland. + +D. F. T. + +_Griesbach Arms._--Could any correspondent versed in German heraldry tell +me the arms of the German family of Griesbach, or refer me to any work +containing a collection of German arms? + +CID. + +_Postage System of the Romans._--Could any of your correspondents inform me +where I may find a perfect account of the postal system of the Romans? We +know that they must have had such a system, but I have forgotten the author +who gives any description of it. + +ARDELIO. + +_Three Crowns and Sugar-loaf._--Passing through Franche (a village near +Kidderminster in Worcestershire) the other day, I saw an inn called "The +Three Crowns and Sugar-loaf." As there seems to me not the _least_ +connexion between a crown and a sugar-loaf, I send this to "N. & Q." in +hopes of an explanation from some of its readers more skilled than myself +in such matters. + +CID. + +_Helen MacGregor._--In Burke's _Landed Gentry_ (Supplement, art. "MacGregor +of Craigrostan and Inversnaid") this redoubted heroine is described as "a +woman of _agreeable temper_ and domestic habits, active and careful in the +management of her family affairs." This is so directly opposed, not only to +Scott's description, but to the generality of traditions about her, that, +as Campbell says, "it makes the hair of one's literary faith stand on end." +Helen was, very likely, a different person from what she afterwards became, +ere the events happened that drove Rob Roy "to the hill-side to become a +broken man;" but one can hardly imagine her, in her most happy days, to +have been such a person as is above depicted--an amiable wife and clever +housekeeper. The pen of a descendant is evident, in the partial description +given of both husband and wife. + +J. S. WARDEN. + +_Francis Grose the Antiquary._--Francis Grose, the distinguished antiquary, +was Captain and Adjutant of the Surrey Militia, commanded by Col. Hodges, +in which regiment he served for many years; but on some occasion, probably +breach of discipline, he was brought to a general court-martial. The +regiment formed part of the large encampment of 15,000 men on Cocksheath, +near Maidstone, in 1778. I think the trial took place then, or within a +year or two of that date; and should be thankful to any reader of "N. & Q." +who would supply me with the precise date when the court-martial assembled? + +[Greek: Ss.] + +"_King of Kings:" Bishop Andrews' Sermons._--From MS. Account of Fellows of +Kings, compiled from 1750, A.D. 1583, Geffrey King, D.D., Professor of +Hebrew, Cambridge, first chaplain to Bancroft and James I., whether he or +Thos. King, 1605, or James King, 1609? One of them began his sermon at St. +James: "I, King of Kings, come to James the First and Sixth, nothing +wavering." + + "These puns much applauded in those times, insomuch that the preacher + would stop to receive applause, which was expressed by loud and + repeated hums. In Bishop Andrews' printed Sermons, these stops may be + discovered." + +Is this true of Bishop Andrews' _Sermons?_ + +J. H. L. + +_Scroope Family._--Will any one be so good as to clear up the doubts +noticed in the peerage books as to the family of Henry Lord Scroope, of +Bolton, who died about 22 Henry VII.? His wives are generally stated to +have been daughters of the Earl of Northumberland and Lord Scroope of +Upsal; but other accounts are to be met with. What however I particularly +refer to, is the question, who was the mother of his daughter Alice, who +married Sir Gilbert Talbot? Lady Talbot could not have been by the daughter +of Lord Scroope of Upsal; as, if so, she and her issue would have inherited +her grandfather's barony, which it is certain was enjoyed by his younger +brothers. Very likely Mr. Scroope's unpublished volume on the Lords Scroope +and their seat Coombe Castle explains this. + +S. N. + +_Harrison the Regicide--Lowle._--Thomas Willing, son of Joseph Willing and +Anne Lowle (his second wife), married July 16, 1704, Anne Harrison, a +grand-daughter of the Regicide. Charles (son of Thomas and Anne, born in +Bristol, 1710) married Anne Shippen. One of their daughters married Sir +Walter Stirling; and a {351} great-granddaughter (Miss Bingham) married Mr. +Baring, afterwards Lord Ashburton. I should be obliged for information as +follows: + +1. Through what descent was Anne Harrison a descendant of the Regicide? + +2. Is anything known of the Lowle family? Their arms were, "Sa., a hand +grasping three darts argent." + + T. BALCH. + +Philadelphia. + +_"Chair" or "Char."_--I am desirous of ascertaining the meaning of this +term, as occurring frequently in the Cambridgeshire Fens. It is variously +spelt, _chair_, _chaire_, _chare_, or _char_. In the Cambridgeshire dialect +it may be remarked, _air_ or _are_ is pronounced as "ar." Thus, _upstairs_, +_bare_, are "upstars," "bar." There is a Char Fen at Stretham, laid down in +Sir Jonah Moore's Map (1663). There is also a Chare Fen at Cottenham; and +at Littleport is a place called Littleport Chair. This last had the name at +least as early as Edward II.'s reign; as in a description of a neighbouring +fen, not later than that date, one boundary is "A le _chaire_ per +Himmingslode usque Gualslode End." A friend who has searched the documents +in the Fen Office at Ely on this subject for me, has been unable to +discover the least clue to the meaning of the term. + +At Newcastle-on-Tyne, a narrow street or passage between houses is called a +_chare_; but there is nothing narrow about Char Fen, which was part of an +open common. The course of the rivers at Littleport may be imagined to form +a rude outline of a chair or seat; but this does not apply to the other +instances in which the name occurs. + +There are numerous local names in the fens, of which the history may be +traced for some centuries, deserving investigation. + +E. G. R. + +_Aches._--I am aware that there is abundant proof of "aches" being a +dissyllable when Shakspeare wrote, and long after; but I wish to know +whether there is any _rhyme_ earlier than that in Butler, which fixes the +pronunciation as _artches_. + +S. S. + +_Leeming Hall._--There was formerly a mansion somewhere between Liverpool +and Preston, called Leeming Hall. Can any of the correspondents of "N. & +Q." inform me if it still exists, and what is the name of the present +owner? I should also be glad to have some information respecting the +genealogy of the family of Leemings, who formerly lived there, or to learn +the name and residence of some member of the family to whom I could apply +for such information. + +G. + +_Caricature; a Canterbury Tale._--Many facts are recorded in the +caricatures of the day, of which there is no other account. The reference +of the following may be well known, but I should feel obliged by any of +your correspondents explaining it. Fox, the Prince of Wales, and a third +figure (?), are in a boat pushing off from shore, with Burke looking over a +wall with a large bag in his hand. He says, "D----me, Charley, don't leave +me in the lurch;" who replies, "Self-preservation is the first law of +nature." His companions joining with "Push off, Charley, push off." + +H. + +_Perpetual Curates not represented in Convocation._--In _Lectures on Church +Difficulties_, by the Rev. J. M. Neale, I find this statement: + + "Under the old regime rectors and vicars were alone, generally + speaking, allowed a vote in the election of proctors, to the exclusion + from that privilege of even perpetual curates."--Lecture xi., p. 133. + +I believe that this is correct, and that the curates spoken of as having +their votes rejected in Day _versus_ Knewstubbs, were perpetual curates: +but can some of your correspondents confirm this view by facts? + +WM. FRASER. + +Tor-Mohun. + +_Dr. Whichcote and Dorothy Jordan._--In the preface to the edition of the +plays of Wycherley and others, edited by Mr. Leigh Hunt, the following +passage occurs: + + "The two best sermons we ever heard (and no disparagement to many a + good one from the pulpit) were a sentence of Dr. Whichcote's against + the multiplication of things forbidden, and the honest, heart and soul + laugh of Dorothy Jordan." + +I feel rather curious to read a sentence which is said to possess so much +instruction. + +[Greek: Xanthos]. + +_Moral Philosophy._--What English writers have treated of the obligation of +oaths and promises, or generally of moral philosophy, between the +Reformation and the time of Bishop Sanderson? + +H. P. + +_Shelley's "Prometheus Unbound."_--Can any of your correspondents, by +conjecture or reference to the original MS., elucidate the meaning of the +following passage, which occurs in Act II. Sc. 4. of this extraordinary +poem? It sounds so sweetly that one cannot but wish it were possible to +understand it. + + "_Asia._ Who made that sense which, when the winds of spring + In rarest visitation, or the voice + Of one beloved heard in youth alone, + Fills the faint eyes with falling tears which dim + The radiant looks of unbewailing flowers, + And leaves this peopled world a solitude + When it returns no more?" + +Shelley's mysticism is very often such as to render him unintelligible to +ordinary readers, but it is combined here with a want of grammatical {352} +connexion that makes obscurity ten times more obscure. I have not the least +idea whether "fills" refers to "sense which," or to "voice;" but +whichsoever it may belong to, it is evident that the other nominative +singular, as also the plural "winds of spring," have no verbs, either +expressed or understood, to govern. A line or two may have dropped out; but +all editions as far as I am aware, give the passage as above. In Act I., at +p. 195. line 7 of the edition of 1853, occurs a curious error (I presume of +the press); Mercury, addressing the Furies, says: + + "Back to your towers of iron, + And gnash beside the streams of fire, and wail + Your foodless teeth." + +The having no food to put between one's teeth is no doubt a very sufficient +cause for wailing, but still I think the passage would run better if +"gnash" and "wail" exchanged places. How do other editions give it? + +J. S. WARDEN. + +_Turkish Language._--Are there any easy dialogues in the Turkish language, +but in the English type, to be obtained; and where? If there be not, I +think it would be desirable to publish some, with names of common objects, +&c. + +HASSAN. + + * * * * * + + +Minor Queries with Answers. + +[Illustration] + +_Illustrated Bible of 1527._--Can you inform me whether there is any Bible +published in 1527 at Lyons, with Hans Holbein's cuts in it, and what +engraver used this monogram, as I have a Bible of that date, the plates of +which are almost fac-similes (some of them) of Holbein's cuts, which were +published by Pickering? The date of the Bible is 1527. + + "Impressa autem Lugduni per Jacobum Mareschall feliciter explicat, anno + nostri Salutis 1527." + +L. S. C. + + [Several editions of the Bible were printed in the early part of the + sixteenth century at Lyons, some of them ornamented with cuts from + designs similar to those of Holbein. Two or three from the press of + Mareschall are in the British Museum. We believe there were no Bibles + printed at Lyons in which it was acknowledged that the cuts were + designed by Holbein. The following notice of the monogram occurs in + _Dictionnaire des Monogrammes_, par F. Bruilliot, part i. p. 421., No. + 3208.: "Cette marque, dont on ne connait pas la signification, se + trouve sur une copie d'une gravure en bois de Jean Springinklee, + representant l'enfant Jesus couche a terre, entoure de trois anges, et + adore par St. Joseph et par la Ste. Vierge. A droite au travers d'une + fenetre pres d'une colonne on remarque le boeuf et l'ane, et au milieu + du fond deux bergers dont l'un ote son chapeau. La marque est au bas a + gauche pres de l'habit de St. Joseph. Bartsch decrit l'original, _P. + Gr._ t. vii. p. 328., No. 51."] + +_Heraldic Query._--Can you help me towards ascertaining the date and +meaning of the following device, which I find upon an old picture-frame, +the portrait once inclosed in which has long since been destroyed? + +On a disk, of about six inches in diameter, are engraved the royal arms of +Great Britain, without the harp, but with the Scots lion. You will at once +perceive the peculiarity of this bearing, the harp and the lion having been +added at the same time by James I. The leopards occupy the first quarter, +the ground of which is semeed with _hearts_; the Scots lion the second, his +feet resting upon a quaint band, which seems to occupy the place of the +usual bordure. The three fleurs-de-lis, very much broadened, and taking +almost the shape of crowns, occupy the places of the third and fourth +quarters. + +The only instance I can find of a single lion or leopard appearing upon a +coin without the harp, is a coin (a half-florin) of Edward III., on the +obverse of which appears a leopard crowned, with a banner of the arms of +England fastened to his neck, and flowing back upon his shoulder. + +RUDING. + +Oxford and Cambridge Club. + + [Our correspondent has wasted his ingenuity: the bearings are, first + quarter, Denmark, Or, semee of hearts gules, three lions passant + guardant. Second quarter, Norway, a lion crowned, or holding a Danish + battle-axe. In base Azure, three crowns, or two and one, Sweden. + Surmounted by the royal crown. See _Souverains du Monde_, t. iii. + p. 430.] + +_Richard de Sancto Victorie._--In Anthony Mundy's _Successe of the Times_, +under the head "Scotland," he says,-- + + "In this King Alexander's reign (1110) lived also the holy man, Richard + de Sancto Victorie, being a Scot borne, but lyving the more part of his + time at Paris, in Fraunce, where he died, and lieth buried in the Abbey + of S. Victorie, he being a brother of the same house." + +Can you furnish any particulars of my countryman Richard? + +PERTHENSIS. + + [Richard, Abbot of St. Victor, was born in the reign of David I. After + such education as Scotland afforded, in polite literature, the sacred + Scriptures, and mathematics, the principal objects of his early + studies, he went over to Paris. Here the fame of Hugh, Abbot of St. + Victor, induced him to settle in that monastery, to pursue his + theological studies. In 1164, upon the death of Hugh, he was chosen + prior, which office he filled for nine years with great wisdom and + prudence. He died March 10, 1173, and was buried in that monastery. He + was the author of several treatises on subjects of practical divinity, + and on scripture criticism, particularly on the description of + Solomon's temple, Ezekiel's temple, and on the apparent contradictions + in the books of Kings and Chronicles. They were all published at Paris + in 1518 and 1540 in {353} two vols. folio, at Venice in 1692, at + Cologne in 1621, and at Rouen in 1650, which is reckoned the best + edition. A summary account of his works is given in Mackenzie's _Lives + and Characters of Writers of the Scots Nation_, vol i. p. 147., edit. + 1708.] + +_St. Blase._--In Norwich, every fifty years, the festival of Bishop Blase +is observed with great ceremony. What connexion had he with that city? + +W. P. E. + + [Norwich formerly abounded with woolcombers, who still esteem Bishop + Blase as their patron saint, probably from the [Combe of Yren] with + which he was tortured previously to his martyrdom. "No other reason," + says Alban Butler, "than the great devotion of the people to this + celebrated martyr of the Church, seems to have given occasion to the + woolcombers to choose him the titular patron of their profession; on + which account his festival is still kept by them with a solemn guild at + Norwich."] + + * * * * * + + +Replies. + +LEICESTER AS RANGER OF SNOWDON. + +(Vol. ix., p. 125.) + +In a note to Parry's _Royal Visits and Progresses in Wales_, p. 317., I +find the following allusion to the circumstances mentioned in ELFFIN AP +GWYDDNO'S Query regarding Leicester's Rangership of Snowdon, and the +patriotic opposition offered to his oppressions. I regret I am unable to +afford the desired information respecting the imprisonment of the Welsh +gentleman in the Tower. Could not this be furnished by some of your readers +who have access to public documents and records of the period? This +imprisonment is not mentioned either in the account I append, or in a +longer one to be found in Appendix XVI. vol. iii. of Pennant's _Tour in +Wales_: + + "Among the Welsh nobility who formed a part of her Majesty's household, + were Sir Richard Bulkeley, Bart., and Mrs. Blanche Parry, both of whom + seem to have been brought up in the court from their infancy, and, + consequently, in great esteem with her Majesty; so much so, that the + Earl of Leicester, the Queen's favourite, began to be jealous of Sir + Richard: and with a view of having him removed from court, he made an + attempt to have him accused, upon false evidence, of treason. With this + wicked design, the Earl of Leicester informed her Majesty that the + council had been examining Sir Richard Bulkeley, and that they found + him a dangerous person; that he dwelt in a suspicious corner of the + world, and should be committed to the Tower. 'What! Sir Richard + Bulkeley!' said the Queen; 'he never intended us any harm. We have + brought him up from a boy, and have had special trial of his fidelity; + ye shall not commit him.' 'We have the care of your Majesty's person,' + said the Earl, 'and see more and hear more of the man than you do: he + is of an aspiring mind, and lives in a remote place.' 'Before God!' + replied the Queen; 'we will be sworn upon the Holy Evangelists, he + never intended any harm.' And then her Majesty ran to the Bible, and + kissing it, said: 'You shall not commit him; we have brought him up + from a boy.' Sir Richard, however, was too high-minded to suffer such + an imputation to be laid to his character. He insisted on an inquiry; + during which it appeared, that Lord Dudley, Earl of Leicester, had been + appointed a ranger of the Royal Forest of Snowdon, which, in the + Queen's time, included some portion of Merioneth and Anglesey. This + nobleman's insolence to the inhabitants of the forest was more than + could be brooked. He tried to bring many freeholders' estates within + the boundary; juries were empannelled, but the commissioners rejected + their returns as unfavourable to the Earl. Those honest jurors, + however, persisted, and found a verdict for the country. But in the + year 1538, he succeeded by a packed jury, who appeared in his livery, + blue, with ragged staves on the sleeves; men who, after this nefarious + act, were stigmatised with the title of 'The Black Jury who sold their + country.' Sir Richard Bulkeley, who, with Sir William Herbert and + others, superseded a prior commission, resisted this oppression with + great firmness, and laid those odious grievances before the Queen, + whose regard for her loyal subjects in Wales was evinced by the + recalling of the first commission, by proclamation at Westminster, in + 1579. The Earl being worsted, sought the life of Sir Richard by having + him charged as above. But this generous and patriotic nobleman, by his + excellent and manly conduct, overthrew every malevolent design of his + enemy; and came out of this fiery trial as clear as the pellucid + crystal of Snowdon." + +R. E. G. C. + + * * * * * + +INMAN FAMILY. + +(Vol. ix., p. 198.) + +A SUBSCRIBER having challenged me by name to assist him in resolving his +"historic doubts," I hasten to afford him what information I possess, +conscious at the same time that I can add little or nothing that will +materially aid him in his investigation. + +First, then, as to Owen Gam. This name savours strongly of the leek, both +Christian and surname being unequivocally British. _Gam_, in Welsh, +signifies the "one-eyed;" we may conclude, therefore, that this gentleman, +or one of his progenitors, had lost an eye in one of the frays common in +bygone days, and so acquired the appellation of _Gam_. A SUBSCRIBER has +omitted to give dates with his Queries, and thus leaves us in the dark as +to the precise period he refers to; still, it may interest him to know that +David Gam, a landed proprietor of some importance in Herefordshire, temp. +Henry IV. and V., who had married the sister of Owen Glyndwr, was +discovered in an attempt to assassinate his brother-in-law, the royal +chieftain; and was, in consequence, arrested {354} and confined ten years +in Owen's prison at Llansaintffraid. He was afterwards released; and +distinguished himself, together with some near relatives, as Pennant +relates, at the battle of Agincourt, where he fell, pierced with wounds, +while assisting in the rescue of his royal master King Henry. Possibly, +Owen Gam may have been a descendant of this half-hero, half-assassin. + +Llewellyn Clifford, again, is a name strongly suggestive of its owner's +connexion with Cambria. If A SUBSCRIBER has exhausted the resources of the +Clifford pedigrees, it were, I suppose, useless to refer him to the +ancestry of the defunct Earls of Cumberland; and especially to that part of +it represented by Sir Roger de Clifford, of Clifford, co. Hereford, a +famous soldier in the days of Henry III. and Edward I. He accompanied the +latter monarch in his inroads into Wales, and fell in battle there, not far +from Bangor, circa 1282-3, leaving several children; one of the younger of +whom I conjecture to have been the father of the before-named Llewellyn +Clifford. After having subjugated the country, we can easily fancy the +conquerors perpetuating the event by naming certain of their posterity +after the fallen prince Llewellyn. + +As for Sir William de Roas (or Ros), A SUBSCRIBER is wrong in supposing his +name to have been Ingman; for although he resided at Ingmanthorpe, co. +York, his surname, in common with that of a long line of ancestry and +descendants, was De Ros only. He was the grandson of Robert de Ros, the +founder of the two castles, Werke and Hamlake, and one of the leaders of +the baronial forces in their armed opposition to the tyrant King John. + +Before closing this communication, I would suggest to A SUBSCRIBER, and to +all others propounding genealogical Queries, the absolute necessity of +affixing _dates_ to their inquiries in every possible instance; as nothing +is easier than to go astray, sometimes for half-a-dozen generations, in +fixing the identity of a solitary individual. + +T. HUGHES. + +Chester. + + * * * * * + +ROBERT DUDLEY, EARL OF LEICESTER. + +(Vol. ix., pp. 105. 160.) + +That this infamous man _did_ die of poison, is, I believe, the general +opinion. The late Dr. Cooke Taylor has the following passage upon the +subject, in his _Romantic Biography of the Age of Elizabeth_, vol. i. +p. 115.: + + "Nearly all the cotemporary writers assert that Leicester fell a victim + to poison; Naunton declares that he, by mistake, swallowed the potion + he had prepared for another person; and, as there can be no doubt that + the Earl was a poisoner of great eminence and success, the story is far + from being improbable. The Privy Council must have believed that his + death was not natural, for they minutely investigated a report that he + had been poisoned by the son of Sir James Crofts, in revenge for the + imprisonment of his father. Some suspicious circumstances were elicited + during the examination; but the matter was suddenly dropped, probably + because an inquiry into any one of the complicated intrigues of + Elizabeth's court would have involved too many persons of honour and + consequence." + +Drummond of Hawthornden, in his _Notes of Conversations with Ben Jonson_, +has the following curious note: + + "The Earl of Leicester gave a bottle of liquor to his lady, which he + willed her to use in any faintness; which she, after his returne from + Court, not knowing it was poison, gave him, and so he died." + +This is a strong confirmation of the statement given by Sir Robert Naunton. + +In one of the many valuable notes appended by Dr. Bliss to the _Athenae +Oxonienses_, is the following cotemporary narrative, copied from a MS. +memoranda on a copy of _Leicester's Ghost_: + + "The author (of the poem) hath omitted the end of the Earle, the which + may thus and truely be supplied. The Countesse Lettice fell in love + with Christopher Blunt, gent., of the Earle's horse; and they had many + secret meetings, and much wanton familiarity; the which being + discovered by the Earle, to prevent the pursuit thereof, when Generall + of the Low Countreys, hee tooke Blunt with him, and theire purposed to + have him made away: and for this plot there was a ruffian of Burgundy + suborned, who, watching him in one night going to his lodging at the + Hage, followed him and struck at his head with a halbert or battle-axe, + intending to cleave his head. But the axe glaunced, and withall pared + off a great piece of Blunt's skull, which was very dangerous and longe + in healinge: but he recovered, and after married the Countesse; who + took this soe ill, as that she, with Blunt, deliberated and resolved to + dispatch the Earle. The Earle, not patient of this soe greate wrong of + his wife, purposed to carry her to Kenilworth; and to leave here there + untill her death by naturall or by violent means, but rather by the + last. The Countesse also having a suspicion, or some secret + intelligence of this treachery against her, provided artificial meanes + to prevent the Earle; which was by a cordiall, the which she had no fit + opportunity to offer him till he came to Cornebury Hall, in + Oxfordshire; where the Earle, after his gluttonous manner, surfeiting + with excessive eating and drinking, fell soe ill that he was forced to + stay there. Then the deadly cordiall was propounded unto him by the + Countesse; as Mr. William Haynes, sometimes the Earle's page, and then + gentleman of his bed-chamber, told me, who protested hee saw her give + that fatall cup to the Earle, which was his last draught, and an end of + his plott against the Countesse, and of his journey, and of himselfe; + and soe--_Fraudis fraude sua prenditur artifex._"--_Athenae Oxon._, vol. + ii. col. 74, 75. note. + +EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. + + * * * * * + +{355} + +HARDMAN'S ACCOUNT OF WATERLOO. + +(Vol. viii., p. 199.; Vol. ix., p. 176.) + +I perfectly recollect reading, when a boy, a critique on this poem, and +being much amused thereby. The critique appeared in the _Literary Gazette_ +or _Athenaeum_, as well as I remember. I never saw the poem, but I recollect +some of the lines quoted, which went nearly as follows:-- + + "The following morning, at break of day, + An orderly dragoon did come this way: + 'Holloa! holloa! I say, give ear, + Is Adjutant Hardman quartered here? + Holloa! halloa! I am not wrong, + Is Adjutant Hardman here at home?'" + +I merely quote from memory and hope, therefore, that any deviations from +the original may be pardoned. + +Lieutenant (Brevet Captain) Hardman, if not a first-rate poet, is a gallant +soldier, and I rejoice to see his name in the _Army List_ for March, 1854. +I cannot ascertain at what period he joined the army, but he was present at +the cavalry engagements of Sahagun and Benevente, on December 20th and +27th, 1808, on the retreat of Sir John Moore's army to Coruna, for which he +is decorated with a Peninsula medal. For his bravery as a non-commissioned +officer he was promoted, May 19, 1813, to a cornetcy in the royal wagon +train; and was transferred, August 12 following, to the 23rd Light +Dragoons, and was same day appointed Regimental Adjutant of that corps. On +the almost total change of officers that took place in the 10th Hussars, +owing to the quarrels of Colonels Quentin and Palmer, Lieutenant Hardman +succeeded Captain Bromley, on December 15, 1814, as Lieutenant and Adjutant +in the corps in which he had commenced his military career; a sufficient +proof of his having been a zealous, active, and efficient non-commissioned +officer, when serving as such in the regiment. He embarked at Ramsgate with +the service squadrons of his regiment in April, 1815, and landed at Ostend, +whence the 10th regiment proceeded to Brussels: it was present at Quatre +Bras, although not engaged with the enemy: and at Waterloo it behaved with +the greatest gallantry, and lost two officers, nineteen soldiers, and +fifty-one horses killed, in addition to six officers and twenty-six men +wounded. Lieutenant Hardman's position as adjutant necessarily kept him in +the vicinity of his commanding officers, Col. Quentin and Major Howard; +therefore he was an eye-witness of poor Howard's death. Lieutenant Hardman +received the Waterloo medal. The 10th Hussars landed at Ramsgate, from +Boulogne, in January, 1816, and marched to Brighton, where Lieutenant +Hardman resigned the adjutantcy, February 8, 1816, and exchanged to +half-pay of the regiment, June 6, same year, since which period he has not +served upon full pay. + +G. L. S. + + * * * * * + +CHURCHES IN "DOMESDAY BOOK." + +(Vol. viii., p. 151.) + +A. W. H. says, "In the case of many parishes it is stated [in _Domesday +Book_], that there was a church there: is it considered _conclusive_ +authority that there was not one, if it is not mentioned in _Domesday +Book_?" This question has, I doubt not, often engaged the attention of +antiquaries; and I am somewhat surprised that the Query has elicited no +reply. The conclusion has often been drawn that, no church being mentioned, +none existed before the survey. It would appear this conclusion has been an +erroneous one. In the last volume issued by the Chetham Society (_Documents +relating to the Priory of Penwortham, and other Possessions in Lancashire +of the Abbey of Evesham_, edited by W. A. Hulton, Esq.) that point is ably +discussed; and as Mr. Hulton's views on a subject of so much interest +cannot but be valuable, I venture to extract them, as worthy of a place in +"N. & Q." He says: + + "Donations of churches with tithes are made directly after the survey + of _Domesday_ was taken. And yet that survey is entirely silent as to + their existence. Similar omissions have given rise to doubts, whether + the institution of our parochial economy had been carried out to its + full extent previous to the Conquest, and whether we are not indebted + to the Normans for its full perfection. Such doubts are unfounded.... + There is nothing in _Domesday_ to justify the doubts alluded to. A + consideration of the objects of that survey will dissipate them: the + purpose was principally financial. It was directed so as to obtain a + correct account of the taxable property within the kingdom. And it was + immaterial whether the proceeds were paid altogether to the owner, or a + definite portion was diverted into other channels. Therefore those + churches which were endowed only with tithes of the surrounding + districts, as Eccleston and Croston, Penwortham and Leyland, in Leyland + Hundred, and Rochdale and Eccles, in Salford Hundred, were unnoticed, + although the two first-named churches were granted by Roger de Poictou, + with their tithes and other appurtenances, to the Priory of Lancaster; + and the pages of the _Coucher Book of Whalley_ prove the two latter + churches to have existed at a date perhaps anterior to the Conquest. + But the case was different when a church was endowed with glebe-land. + Such a church appeared in the light of a landowner, and in that + character is its existence notified. Thus, in modern Lancashire, south + of the Ribble, the churches of Wigan and Winwick, Childwall, Walton, + Warrington, Manchester, Blackburn, and Whalley are expressly named in + _Domesday_, but invariably in connexion with the ownership of land. It + seems clear, therefore, that the silence of _Domesday_ cannot be urged + as a proof of the {356} non-existence of a church, or of the subsequent + grant of those rights and privileges by which its due efficiency is + maintained."--_Introd._, p. xxiii. + +WM. DOBSON. + +Preston. + + * * * * * + +MEMOIRS OF GRAMMONT. + +(Vol. viii., pp. 461. 549.; Vol. ix., pp. 3. 204.) + + "Ceste noble race de Grantmont."--_Brantome._ + +The following are some of the principal events in the life of the Chevalier +de Grammont. + +He was born in the year 1621, probably at the family seat of Bidache, in +Gascony. + +He was sent to the college at Pau in Bearn, the nearest university to the +family residence. His studies here did not much benefit him; and although +intended for the church, we find him at a later period actually highly +commending the Lord's Prayer, and seriously inquiring by whom it was +written. On his declining a clerical life, he was sent to the French army +in Piedmont in 1643. He served under his brother, the Marshal, and the +Prince de Conde; and was present at the three battles of Fribourg on the +3rd, 5th, and 9th Aug. 1644; and at that of Nordlinguen on the 3rd Aug. +1645. It was at the battle of Fribourg that the Prince de Conde, having +failed in his first attack on the enemy, got off horseback, and placed +himself at the head of the regiment of Conti, whilst all the officers and +volunteers alighted also, amongst whom is mentioned the Chevalier de +Grammont; and this reassuring the soldiers, they charged the enemy, who +fled into a wood under favour of the approaching night. At Nordlinguen, the +Marshal de Grammont was taken prisoner, and nearly murdered by the Germans, +to revenge the death of their General, the great Mercy, who was slain in +the battle. The Marshal was subsequently exchanged against Gen. Gleen. + +In 1647 Grammont served again under his brother and the Prince de Conde in +Spain: and in 1648 he was present with them at the battle of Lens on the +20th Aug., where the Archduke Leopold and General Beck were totally +defeated in Flanders. + +The troubles of the Fronde now commenced; and in the first instance +Grammont zealously attached himself to the prince. In Dec. 1649, he tested +the accuracy of the report that it was intended to assassinate the prince +by sending his own coach with the prince's liveries over the Pont Neuf, to +see what would occur. The result was, the coach was fired at; but, as no +one was in it, the would-be assassins did no harm. During the imprisonment +of the princes, Grammont, with others, joined the Spanish army which had +advanced into Picardy, in consequence of the treaty the Duchesse de +Longueville and Turenne had made with the King of Spain. + +We do not find when Grammont left the prince's party; the prince himself +admitted it was with honour. He seems to have connected himself with +Gaston, Duke of Orleans; and is styled about this time by "la Grande +Mademoiselle" as one of her father's gentlemen. She also relates that when +the royal forces threatened Orleans, the inhabitants sent to the duke for +succour, and he sent the Count de Fiesque and Mons. de Grammont, who +appeased their fears. The duke also advised his daughter to take the +opinion of Fiesque and Grammont in all matters, as they had been in Orleans +long enough to know what ought to be done. When Mademoiselle was trying to +effect an entrance into the city, Grammont incited the inhabitants to +assist in breaking open a gate, which the authorities, under fear of the +royal displeasure, were afraid to direct. The gate was broken open, and she +was borne in triumph along the streets. + +It was probably at this period that Grammont sighed for the Countess de +Fiesque (about whom he, and his nephew the Count de Guiche, quarrelled); as +Mademoiselle, in her _Memoirs_, relates that, in the year 1656, on her +interview with Christina, Queen of Sweden, she presented to her, amongst +others, the Countess de Fiesque, one of her ladies of honour. The Queen +observed: "The Countess de Fiesque is not so beautiful as to have made so +much noise; is the Chevalier de Grammont still in love with her?" + +In 1654 Grammont accompanied the Court to Peronne; where they anxiously +awaited Turenne's attempt to force the Prince de Conde's lines at Arras, as +related in the _Memoirs_. + +On the 25th Nov. 1655, Madame de Sevigne writes to Bussi-Rabutin, relating +an anecdote in which Grammont was a party. + +Madame de Motteville relates that Queen Christina rallied the Chevalier de +Grammont on the passion he had then for the Duchesse de Mercoeur, one of +Cardinal Mazarin's nieces; and spared him only on account of the utter +hopelessness of it. + +It is about this period we are inclined to place Grammont's first visit to +England; where curiosity, Hamilton informs us, drew him to see so +remarkable a character as Cromwell; but this visit will be a good +starting-place for the next Number. + +W. H. LAMMIN. + +Fulham. + + * * * * * + +CELTIC AND LATIN LANGUAGES. + +(Vol. viii., pp. 174. 280. 353.; Vol. ix., p. 14.) + + "Professor F. W. Newman, in his little work entitled _Regal Rome_, + maintains that the old languages of Italy, especially the Umbrian and + Sabine, contained a striking predominance of Celtic ingredients, and he + wishes to show that this is still evident even in the Latin of Cicero. + His proof rests on vocabularies (pp. 19--26.), especially in regard to + the military, political, and {357} religious words which he supposes + the Romans derived from the Sabines (p. 61.). With regard to these + lists, I have to observe, that while all that is valid in the + comparison merely gives the Indo-Germanic of the Celtic languages--a + fact beyond dispute--Mr. Newman takes no pains to discriminate between + the marks of an original identity of root, and those words which the + Celts of Britain derived from their Roman conquerors."--Donaldson's + _Varronianus_, p. 64. + + "It is to be remarked, that almost _all the words_ of the British + tongue agree either with the Greek or Latin. It is this strong + similarity of features between their own language and those of Greece + and Italy, that has induced so many of my countrymen to claim for it + the honour of being the mother-tongue of all, and to scorn all + examination which did not commence with this confession. Even the late + learned Dr. Owen Pugh has, in his _Dictionary_, by arbitrarily + selecting certain syllables as the roots of all Cumrian words, done + much to foster this overweening conceit. The system was carried to its + extreme point of absurdity by the Rev. Edward Davies, who by the help + of such syllables expected to unravel the mysteries of all languages. + This failure has I hope paved the way for the more sober consideration + of the question, which, if worked out fairly, will in my opinion + establish the claim of the Cumrian tongue, if not to be the mother of + all tongues, at least to be a valuable branch of the Caucasian tree of + languages. Now, had the two races, the Roman and Cumrian, remained + always separate, a comparative etymology would have been an easy task; + for no more would be necessary than to put the similar roots, having + the same meaning, side by side. But, unfortunately for the scholar who + undertakes to prove the question, the Romans were in this island four + hundred years, colonised it partly, and partly gave it their own form + of civilisation. As before mentioned, the inhabitants adopted with + avidity the Roman dress, language, and literature. That language must + therefore be supposed to have entered deeply into the composition of + the present Cumrian tongue. The sceptical examiner may therefore + reasonably object, that any similarity between the two languages might + have originated in the adoption of that of Rome by the British + provincials. In answer to this I refer in the first place to Lloyd's + reasoning, quoted in the note," viz. that the same similarity exists + between the Latin and the Erse [see Newman, in the _Classical Museum_, + vol. vi.]. "In the second place to the fact, that Wales and Cornwall do + not appear to have been occupied, like the rest of England, by the + Romans."... "Still, however, the long residence of the Romans in the + island, with the known influence always produced by such a state of + things, renders every statement grounded on the similarity alone of the + languages of the two races, the conquered and the conquerors, liable to + suspicion. I have therefore been compelled to enter upon an exceedingly + difficult investigation, which, if successful, must prove the radical + identity of the Latin and Cumrian tongues. The proof is this: If there + are derivative words in the Latin, of which we must seek the primitives + in the Cumrian, and if these primitives be shown to furnish an + explanation of many words before inexplicable on etymological + principles. For example, if the word 'to tread' under various forms be + found, with the meaning 'to trample with the feet,' in most of the + western languages of Europe, and have no noun to base itself upon in + these languages, and yet the noun 'traed the feet' be found in one of + them, the inference is irresistible that the verb in all its forms was + derived from this root. To deny this would be equivalent to a denial + that the Latin verb _calcare_ came from _calx_, 'the heel.' In the + following list, such words alone, with a few exceptions for the sake of + etymological illustration, have been introduced. It might have been + indefinitely extended, but the difficulty was to confine the examples + within moderate limits."--Williams on _One Source of the Non-Hellenic + Portion of the Latin Language_.[2] + +This eminent scholar supplies sixty-two, with explanatory notes, and +subjoins a list of sixty-three. Under the example "Occo, occare, _to +harrow_," he observes: + + "Persons who wish to draw subtle inferences say that all the terms of + the Romans connected with agriculture may be referred to a Greek + source, while the terms expressive of war and hunting are non-Hellenic. + The induction fails completely in both parts, as might easily be shown. + When Caesar landed in Britain, the natives were agriculturists, densely + planted. And Halley proved, that the harvest which Caesar's soldiers + reaped had ripened at the average period of a Kentish harvest in his + days. Assuredly then the Britons had not the agricultural names to + learn from the Romans of an after age." + + "I begin," says Newman, "with the country and domestic animals, which + will show how very far from the truth Niebuhr was, when he imagined + that in words connected with 'the gentler pursuits of life' the Roman + language has peculiarly extensive agreement with the Hellenic." + +When your correspondent T. H. T. says-- + + "Professor Newman, in his _Regal Rome_, has drawn attention to the + subject; but his induction does not appear sufficiently extensive to + warrant any decisive conclusion respecting the position the Celtic + holds as an element of the Latin,"-- + +he could not have known that the same writer has, in the sixth volume of +the _Classical Museum_, continued the comparison at great length; and as +that work falls into the hands of but few, I shall transcribe some passages +which may throw light on the subject: + + "It has for some years been recognised, at least by several English + scholars, that there is a remarkable similarity between the Celtic + languages and Latin. In the case of Welsh it was, I believe, at first + supposed that the words must have been introduced by the Roman dominion + in Britain; but when the likeness was found to exist in the Erse, and + that the Erse was even more like to Latin (as regards the consonants) + than the Welsh is, this idea of course fell to {358} the ground. The + scholar and physiologist, who pressed into notice the strong + similarities of the Celtic to the European languages, and claimed a + place for Celtic within that group, Dr. Prichard, has naturally fixed + his attention with so much strength on the _primitive_ relations of all + these tongues, as to be jealous and suspicious of an argument, which + alleges that the one has borrowed from the other. Some ten years ago, + by his favour, I read a MS. of a vocabulary (the composition of Dr. + Stratton, formerly of Aberdeen), which compared the Gaelic with the + Latin tongue in alphabetical order without comment or development. From + this vocabulary Prichard gives an extract in his chapter on the Italian + nations, and finds it entirely to confirm his views that the Roman + language has not suffered any larger admixture by a foreign action. + What is or was Dr. Stratton's opinion, I never heard. His vocabulary + first suggested to me the value of this inquiry, and that is all. + Having now been led to a fuller examination of the Welsh and Gaelic + dictionaries, I find not only a far greater abundance of material + (especially in the Welsh) than I could have imagined; but also, that by + grouping words aright, conclusions result such as I had not expected, + and adverse to those of Dr. Prichard." + +Professor Newman, as T. H. T. has observed, confined himself to a tabular +view of Celtic and Latin words; but the grammatical structure and formal +development of the two languages have not been overlooked in the +philological literature of England. These interesting inquiries have been +pursued by Dr. Prichard, in his elaborate treatise on the _Eastern Origin +of the Celtic Nations_, and the Rev. W. D. Conybeare, (in his _Theological +Lectures delivered in Bristol College in 1831-33_) has shown that it is by +thus analysing the grammatical structure, which forms the very skeleton of +languages, rather than by confining our attention to mere vocabularies, +that we may best detect their true affinities, and has illustrated this +doctrine by a few Welsh examples. In the _West of England Archaeological +Journal_ is exhibited (I believe by the same author) the identity of verbal +forms in the Welsh and Latin languages. + +Nevertheless, Archdeacon Williams maintains that two languages may have a +common vocabulary, but different grammars[3]: + + "The Latin language, whether from Pelasgic or Achaean influence, adopted + at an early period the Hellenic grammar; and, under the skilful hands + of the bilingual Ennius, became that polished interpreter of thought, + which yields in regularity and majesty to the Greek alone. The Cumri + either retained, which is more probable, a still more ancient, or + invented a grammar, now peculiar to themselves. This, although it be + simple and scientific in the highest degree, is so completely at + variance with all the other grammars of the civilised world, that + scholars who have to acquire it late in life feel the strongest + repugnance to its forms and principles, and are tempted to regard a + language more fixed and unchangeable in its principles than any other + existing, as more slippery and grasp-escaping than the Proteus of the + Grecian mythology." + +Since I wrote these extracts, I have been much gratified by the perusal of +Archdeacon Williams's _Gomer_, which I recommend to all interested in this +inquiry. + + BIBLIOTHECAR. CHETHAM. + +[Footnote 2: In _Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh_, vol. +xiii.] + +[Footnote 3: In his _Gomer_ he shows that the Latin and Cymraeg display +great similarity in the tenses of the substantive verb.] + + * * * * * + +PHOTOGRAPHIC CORRESPONDENCE. + +_Box Sawdust for Collodion._--The following will be of some use to your +photographic readers: + +I find that, by treating box sawdust with nitric and sulphuric acid (in the +same manner as cotton), and then dissolving it in ether, it gives a far +more sensitive collodion than either cotton or paper, and the pictures +produced by it are of unequalled brilliancy. + +Can you inform me whether portraits can be taken _for sale_, by the +collodion process, without infringing upon the patents? + +CHAS. WHITWORTH. + +Henrietta St., Birmingham. + +_Proportions of Chlorides and Silver._--I trust you will allow me space in +your valuable work for some remarks in reference to an important +photographic query, viz. What are the proportions of chlorides and silver +uniformly suited to give the best positive pictures? + +I am led to propose this subject for the consideration of practical +photographists, and, if possible, that amateurs may arrive at something +like a rule to guide them in printing positives that will please. + +The necessity of these remarks, to me at least, appear very evident from +the wide space which stands between the proportions proposed by various +operators. MR. LYTE, "N. & Q.," Vol. ix., p. 158., says 42 grains of +chloride and 100 grains of silver to 1 oz. of water. MR. POLLOCK, "N. &Q.," +Vol. vii., p. 588., says 20 grains chloride, and 90 grains of silver to the +ounce. MR. HOCKIN has 10 grains chloride, silver 60. MR. DELAMOTTE, for +albumenized paper, chloride 60 grains, silver 120. MR. THORNTHWAITE begins +as low as chloride 1/2 grain, and silver 30 grains; and lastly, amidst a long +range of proportions, from 1 grain of chloride to the ounce, and silver 20 +grains to the ounce, DR. DIAMOND, a great authority in photography, assures +all that the best results can be obtained by using of chloride 5 grains to +the ounce, and of silver 40 grains to the ounce. If so, let the +photographic world know that the latter proportions are sufficient, and the +others needless, wasteful, and expensive without cause. I trust you agree +with me in thinking that it would be of use to a large number of beginners +to have the proportions best suited for printing positives defined as near +as possible, and not be left to guess at proportions varying from 1/2 grain +to 60 grains, and from 20 to 120. I have written hurriedly, and hope you +will see the object I aim at. + +AMATEUR. + +{359} + +_Photographic Copies of Rembrandt._--The extreme rarity and great pecuniary +value of many of Rembrandt's finest etchings are doubtless well known to +many of our readers, as being such as to put these master-pieces of art +beyond the reach of ordinary purchasers. This series of works, calculated +beyond all others of their kind to delight the possessor, will however, +thanks to photography, soon be obtainable by all admirers of the great +master. Two distinguished French photographers, the brothers MM. Bisson, +have succeeded in obtaining, by means of this wonderful art, copies of a +fidelity attainable by no other process: so that the wondrous lights, +shades, half-tones, and chiaro-obscuro, for which Rembrandt is so +remarkable, are preserved in all their original beauty. The plates will be +accompanied by descriptive letter-press, and by a Biography of Rembrandt +from the pen of M. Charles Blanc. As the works are so numerous, the first +series will consist of forty plates, to be issued in ten livraisons, each +containing four plates, price twenty francs; a very moderate sum, if we +remember that among the works thus to be issued, at a cost of five francs +each, will be found copies of such gems as the _Avocat Tolling_ and the +_Piece de Cent Florins_. + +_Coloured Photographs._--I have lately seen, and very much admired, some +specimens of photographic coloured portraits. They have all the broad +effect of the great masters perfectly in detail, and none of the niggling +effect of many coloured photographs, which are in fact specimens of +miniature painting rather than photography--the outline alone being given +by the photographic art. The specimens I refer to appear to have been +soaked in oil, or some transparent varnish, and then coloured in separate +tints, probably from the back; the shadows being _entirely_ photographic. +It is evident they are quickly and easily executed; but I am desirous of +knowing the exact process, and shall be much obliged for information on the +subject. + +AN AMATEUR. + + * * * * * + + +Replies to Minor Queries. + +_Dr. Eleazar Duncon_ (Vol. ix., pp. 56. 184.).--Dr. Eleazar Duncon, and his +brother Mr. John Duncon, are mentioned in Barnabas Oley's Preface to George +Herbert's _Country Parson_, as having "died before the miracle of our happy +Restoration." There was another brother, Mr. Edmund Duncon, rector of +Fryarn Barnet, in the county of Middlesex; sent by Mr. Farrer to visit +George Herbert, during his last illness. + +E. H. A. + +_Christian Names_ (Vol. vii., pp. 406. 488. 626.).--The earliest instance I +have yet met with, of an individual with two Christian names, occurs in the +compulsory cession of the Abbey of Vale Royal to King Henry VIII.; the deed +conveying which is still extant in the Augmentation Office. It is in Latin, +and signed by John Harwood the Abbot, Alexander Sedon the Prior, _William +Brenck Harrysun_, and twelve other monks of the Abbey. Vale Royal Abbey is +now the seat of Lord Delamere, into whose family it came by purchase in +1616, from the descendant of Sir Thomas Holcroft, the original grantee from +the crown. + +T. HUGHES. + +Chester. + +I send you a much earlier instance of two Christian names than any that has +hitherto been given in your pages. Henry Prince of Wales, son of King Henry +IV., was baptized by the names Henry Frederick. Vide Camden's _Remains_, +4to., 1605. I have not a reference to the page. + +C. DE D. + +_Abigail_ (Vol. iv., pp. 424., &c.; Vol. viii., p. 653.).--Your recent +correspondents on this subject do not appear to have met with the passage +in which I mentioned, that since putting the question, I had found that a +waiting-maid in Beaumont and Fletcher's comedy of _The Scornful Lady_ was +named Abigail; and that, as the play appeared to have been a favourite one, +the application of the name to the class generally was probably owing to +it. In the absence of any proof of its having been previously used in this +sense, I still continue to think that this conjecture was well founded. +Considering the terms on which Dean Swift was with the Mashams, he was the +last person in the world to have used such a term, unless it had been so +long in familiar use as to be deprived of all appearance of personal +allusion to them. + +J. S. WARDEN. + +"_Begging the question_" (Vol. viii., p. 640.).--This phrase is identical +with that of "petitio principii," a figure of speech well known both to +logicians and mathematicians, _i. e._ assuming a point as proved, and +reasoning upon it as such, which has in fact not been proved. + +J. S. WARDEN. + +_Russian Emperors_ (Vol. ix., p. 222.).--I am informed by a late resident +in Russia that the rumour to which MR. CROSFIELD refers has no foundation. +I am farther informed, however, that after a twenty-five years' reign the +monarch has even more absolute and despotic authority than before the lapse +of that time. I hope this subject may be well ventilated, as considerable +misapprehension exists about it. + +JOHN SCRIBE. + +_Garble_ (Vol. ix., p. 243.).--Your correspondent E. S. T. T. was mistaken +when he said that the "corrupt" meaning of the word _garble_ is now the +only one ever used. In proof of this I would give one instance, familiar to +me, in which it still retains its "good" signification. In "working" +cochineal, spices, and other similar merchandise at the warehouse in which +they are stored upon their arrival in this country, the operation of {360} +sifting and separating the good from the bad is termed _garbling_: the word +being here employed in the very same sense as in the examples quoted by +E. S. T. T., illustrative of its original meaning, and which sense he +erroneously stated it no longer possessed. + +R. V. T. + +Mincing Lane. + +I cannot agree with your correspondent E. S. T. T., that a corruption of +meaning has taken place in this word; and that whereas it originally meant +a selection of the good and a discarding of the bad parts of anything, its +present meaning, is exactly the reverse of this. Its original signification +is correctly stated: the garbling of spices, drugs, &c., meant the +selection of the good and the rejection of the bad. But the garbling of a +passage cited as a testimony is a precisely analogous process. The person +who garbles the passage omits those parts which can be used against his +view, and adduces only those parts which support his conclusion. He selects +the parts which are good, and rejects those which are bad, _for his +purpose_. When a passage is said to be garbled, it is always implied that +the person who quotes it has suppressed a portion which tells against +himself; but that portion is, so far as he is concerned, the _bad_, not the +_good_ portion. The secondary and metaphorical is therefore precisely +analogous to the primary and literal sense of the word, and not the reverse +of it. + +L. + +_Electric Telegraph_ (Vol. ix., p. 270.).--As every new attempt to improve +this invaluable invention, and to extend its use, is of world-wide +importance, the following extract from _La Presse_, a French newspaper of +March 23rd, will excite inquiry: + + "On ecrit de Berne, le 17 Mars, MM. Brunner et Hipp, directeurs des + telegraphes electriques de la Suisse, viennent d'inventer un appareil + portatif a l'aide duquel, en l'appliquant a un point quelconque des + fils telegraphiques, on peut transmettre une depeche. L'essai de cet + appareil a ete fait a deux lieues de Berne, dans un lieu ou il n'existe + aucune section de telegraphie." + +The writer goes on to say that the experiment had been tested with success +on the lines to Zurich, Basle, Geneva, &c. + +J. MACRAY. + +Oxford. + +_Butler's "Lives of the Saints"_ (Vol. viii., p.387.).--The inquiry +respecting the various editions of this valuable work not having yet +received any answer, the following information may in some degree satisfy +the inquirer. The first edition of the Rev. Alban Butler's _Lives of the +Saints_ was published in the author's lifetime, at various intervals from +1754 to 1759, when the last of the four volumes appeared, of which the +edition was composed. Part II. of vol. iii. is now before me, with the date +1758. No other edition appeared till after the death of the learned and +pious author, which took place in 1773. + +The second edition was undertaken by the most Rev. Dr. Carpenter, Roman +Catholic Archbishop of Dublin, and appeared in 12 vols. in 1779. It is +stated in the title-page to be "corrected and enlarged from the author's +own MS." It did contain all the notes omitted in the previous edition, and +other matter prepared by the author. The third edition was published in +Scotland, and other editions followed; but I am unable to give any +particulars of them. But the splendid stereotype edition, published in +London by Murphy, in 1812, in 12 vols., is by far the best ever produced, +or ever likely to appear. Since this there have been other editions; one in +2 vols., published in Ireland, and a cheap edition in 12 small vols., +printed at Derby; but they deserve little notice. + +F. C. H. + +_Anticipatory Use of the Cross_ (Vol. viii. _passim_).--In answer to +particular inquiry, I have been furnished by a resident in Macao with an +answer, of which the following is the substance:--The cross is commonly +used in China, and consists of any flat boards of sufficient size, the +upright shaft being usually eight to ten feet high. The transverse bar is +fixed by a single nail or rivet, and is therefore often loose, and may be +made sometimes to traverse a complete circle. It is not so much an +instrument of punishment in itself, as it is an operation-board whereon to +confine the criminal, not with nails, but ropes, to undergo--as in the case +of a woman taken in adultery--the cutting away of the flesh from the bosom. +He adds, that he has witnessed such punishment, and he has no doubt that +the cross has been used in this way in China immemorially. Any of your +correspondents will much oblige me by correcting or confirming this +statement from positive testimony. + +T. J. BUCKTON. + +Lichfield. + +_The Marquis of Granby_ (Vol. ix., p. 127.).--A portrait of this nobleman +constitutes the sign of a public-house at Doncaster, and of another at +Bawtry, nine miles from that town. His lordship, it is said, occasionally +occupied Carr House, near the former place, as a hunting-box in the middle +of the last century. As an instance of his lordship's popularity, I may +here add, that out of compliment to him, and for his greater convenience in +hunting, at a period when there was a considerable extent of uninclosed and +undrained country around Doncaster, the corporation directed several banks +and passages to be made on their estate at Rossington; and in 1752, that +body likewise presented the Marquis with the freedom of the borough. + +C. J. + +{361} + +_Irish Letters_ (Vol. ix., p. 246).--The following inscription on the +monument of Lugnathan, nephew of St. Patrick, at Inchaguile, in Lough +Corrib, co. Galway, is supposed to be the most ancient in Ireland: + +"LIE LUGNAEDON MACC LMENUEH." +"The stone of Lugnaodon, son of Limenueh." + +The oldest Irish manuscript is the Book of Armagh, which contains a copy of +the Gospels, and some very old lives of St. Patrick. (See O'Donovan's +_Irish Grammar_, Dublin, 1845, p. lii.) + +THOMPSON COOPER. + +Cambridge. + +_Rev. John Cawley_ (Vol. ix., p. 247.).--In reply to the inquiry of C. T. +R., What is the authority for stating that the Rev. John Cawley, rector of +Didcot, was a son of Cawley the regicide? I send you the following extract +from Wood's _Athenae_ (Bliss's edition), vol. iv. col. 580.: + + "John Cawley, son of Will. Cawley of the city of Chichester, gent., + was, by the endeavours of his father, made Fellow of All Souls' College + (from that of Magdalen) by the visitors appointed by Parliament, anno + 1649; took the degrees in arts, that of Master being completed in 1654; + and whether he became a preacher soon after, without any orders + conferred on him by a bishop, I cannot tell. Sure I am, that after his + Majesty's restoration, he became a great loyalist, disowned the former + actions of his father, who had been one of the judges of King Charles + I.; when he was tryed for his life by a pretended court of justice, + rayled at him (being then living in a skulking condition beyond sea); + and took all opportunities to free himself from having any hand or + anything to do in the times of usurpation. About which time, having + married one of the daughters of Mr. Pollard of Newnham Courtney, he + became rector of Dedcot, or Dudcot, in Berkshire; rector of Henley in + Oxfordshire; and in the beginning of March, 1666, Archdeacon of + Lincoln." + +[Greek: Halieus.] + +Dublin. + +_New Zealander and Westminster Bridge_ (Vol. ix., pp. 74. 159.).--Your +correspondents have traced this celebrated passage to a letter from Horace +Walpole to Sir H. Mann, and to passages in poems by Mrs. Barbauld and Kirke +White. It appears to me that the following extract from the Preface to +P. B. Shelley's _Peter Bell the Third_, has more resemblance to it. It is +addressed to Moore: + + "Hoping that the immortality which you have given to the Fudges you + will receive from them; and in the firm expectation, that when London + shall be an habitation of bitterns, when St. Paul's and Westminster + Abbey shall stand shapeless and nameless ruins, in the midst of an + unpeopled marsh; when the piers of Westminster Bridge shall become the + nuclei of islets of reeds and osiers, and cast the jagged shadows of + their broken arches on the solitary stream; some transatlantic + commentator will be weighing in the scales of some new and now + unimagined system of criticism, the respective merits of the Bells, and + the Fudges, and their historians." + +JOHN THRUPP. + +10. York Gate. + +Several passages from different writers having been mentioned in your +columns as likely to have suggested to our brilliant essayist and historian +his celebrated graphic sketch of the New Zealander meditating over the +ruins of London, I would beg leave to hint the probability that not one of +those many passages were present to his mind or memory at the moment he +wrote. The fact is that the picture is so true to nature, and has been so +often sketched, and the associations and reflections arising from it so +often felt and described, that I cannot for a moment admit the insinuation +of a charge of plagiarism, or even unconscious adaptation of another's +thoughts in one so abundantly stored with imagery of his own, that the very +overflowings of his own wealth would enrich a generation of writers. It has +however occurred to me that his classic mind might have remembered the +picture of Marius amid the ruins of Carthage, or, more probably, the still +more striking passage in the celebrated letter of Sulpicius to Cicero, on +the death of his daughter Tullia, in which he describes himself, on his +return from Asia, as sailing from AEgina towards Megara, and contemplating +the surrounding countries: + + "Behind me lay AEgina, before me Megara; on my right I saw Piraeus, and + on my left Corinth. These cities, once so flourishing and magnificent, + now presented nothing to my view but a sad spectacle of desolation." + +And he then proceeds with his melancholy reflections on so many perishing +memorials of human glory and grandeur in so small a compass. + +G. W. T. + +Volney wrote thus: + + "Qui sait si sur les rives de la Seine, de la Tamise ... dans le + tourbillon de tant de jouissances ... un voyageur, comme moi, ne + s'asseoira pas un jour sur de muettes ruines, et ne pleurera pas + solitaire sur la cendre des peuples et la memoire de leur + grandeur?"--_Les Ruines_, chap. ii. p. 11. + +MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A. + +_Misapplication of Terms_ (Vol. ix., p. 44.).--I cannot pretend to set up +my judgment against that of MR. SQUEERS, who has in his favour the +proverbial wisdom of the Schools. Riddle, however, who I believe is an +authority, gives the word LEGO no such meaning as "to hearken." If Plautus +uses the word in that sense, as it is an uncommon one, the passage should +have been quoted, or a reference given. The meaning of {362} the word +appears to be "to collect, run over, see, read, choose." In justification +of my criticism, and in reply to MR. SQUEERS, I shall quote Horne Tooke's +remark, in speaking of "[Greek: ta deonta], or things which ought to be +done;" _Div. Purley_, Pt. II. ch. viii. (vol. ii. pp. 499-501., edit. +1849): + + "The first of these, LEGEND, which means _That which ought to be read_, + is, from the early misapplication of the term by impostors, now used by + us as if it meant, _That which ought to be laughed at_. And so it is + explained in our Dictionaries." + +At the hazard of being again deemed hypercritical, while on this subject, +_the misapplication of terms_, I must question the correctness of the +phrase "_Under_ the _circum_stance." A thing must be _in_ or _amidst_ its +_circum_-stances; it cannot be _under_ them. I admit the commonness of the +expression, but it is not the less a solecism. Can you inform me when it +was introduced? I hope it is not old enough to be considered inveterate. +The best authors write "in the circumstances;" and yet so prevalent is the +anomaly, that in a very respectable periodical, not long since, the French +"_dans_ les circonstances presentes," given as a quotation, is rendered +"_Under_ the present circumstances." + +J. W. THOMAS. + +Dewsbury. + +_Hoglandia_ (Vol. viii., p. 151.).--In reply to an inquiry for the full +title of a book from which a quotation is given in _Pugna Porcorum_, the +full title is [Greek: Choirochorographia], _sive Hoglandiae descriptio_, +published anonymously in 1709, in retaliation of Edward Holdsworth's +_Muscipula_. "Hoglandia" is Hampshire, and Holdsworth probably was a +Hampshire man, for he was educated at Winchester, and we may presume the +anonymous author to have been a Cambro-Briton. + +H. L. + + * * * * * + + +Miscellaneous. + +BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. + +LINGARD'S ENGLAND. Foolscap 8vo. 1844. Vols. I. to V., and X. and XI. + +THE WORKS OF DR. JONATHAN SWIFT. London, printed for C. Bathurst, in Fleet +Street, 1768. Vol. VII. (Vol. VI. ending with "Verses on the Death of Dr. +Swift," written in Nov. 1731.) + +BYRON'S WORKS. Vol. VI. of Murray's Edition. 1829. + +The Volume of the LONDON POLYGLOTT which contains the Prophets. +Imperfection in other parts of no consequence. + +CARLISLE ON GRAMMAR SCHOOLS. + +THE CIRCLE OF THE SEASONS. London, 1828. 12mo. Two copies. + +*** Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be +sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. + +Particulars of Price, &c. of the following Books to be sent direct to the +gentlemen by whom they are required, and whose names and addresses are +given for that purpose: + +LATIMER'S SERMONS. Published by the Parker Society. Vol. I. + + Wanted by _Mr. J. G. Nichols_, 25. Parliament Street. + +PLANS OR MAPS OF ANCIENT LONDON, and Representations of Remarkable and +Interesting Objects connected therewith--large size (such as Old St. +Paul's, Paul's Cross, Old London Bridge, &c.). + +A Copy of No. 1. (or early number) of "The Times" Newspaper. + +A Copy of one of the "Broadsheets" issued during the Plague. + + Wanted by _Mr. Joseph Simpson_, Librarian, Literary and Scientific + Institution, Islington, London. + + * * * * * + +Notices to Correspondents. + +_Owing to our being compelled to go to press this week ready for +publication on Thursday, and to the great mass of_ REPLIES TO MINOR QUERIES +_waiting for insertion, we have been compelled to omit our usual_ NOTES ON +BOOKS, &c. + +QUAESTOR, _who calls our attention to the catalogue in which certain_ Hollar +_and_ Eyre _drawings are inserted, attached to the_ Gentleman's Magazine, +_is thanked. We were, however, already aware of it. The subject is too +important to be lost sight of._ + +A. Z. _is thanked. We should of course be glad if_ "N. & Q." _could be +purchased at all Railway Stations, but have no means of securing it. If +frequently asked for, we have no doubt that the supply will follow the +demand._ + +MONTROSE'S _reply has been anticipated. Thanks._ + +A QUERIST. _We wish our Correspondents would take the trouble of just +referring to our volumes before forwarding Queries upon well-known +subjects. We have repeatedly answered similar inquiries, and again only in +our last Number, by referring, for the history and illustration of_ "God +tempers the wind to the shorn lamb," _to our_ First Volume. + +H. MARTIN. _Mr. Keble's edition of Hooker is more carefully edited than +Hanbury's._ + +ABHBA. _The reference must certainly be to Richard Sterne, Archbishop of +York, one of the supposed authors of the_ Whole Duty of Man: _see our_ +Sixth Volume, p. 537. + +A. P. HAYES. _We suspect the following is the title of the work +required:--"Pedestrianism; or, an Account of the Performances of celebrated +Pedestrians during the last and present Century: with a full Narrative of +Captain Barclay's public and private Matches: and an Essay on Training. By +Walter Thom. Aberdeen, 1813. 8vo."_ + +NEISON ON RAILWAY ACCIDENTS. _A Correspondent wishes to know where this +pamphlet may be seen, and whether it is on sale._ + +W. S. _For the etymology of lampoon, see Todd's_ Johnson, _and +Richardson's_ Dictionary. _Bailey derives it from_ Lampons, _a drunken +song. It imports_ Let us drink, _from the old French_ lamper, _and was +repeated at the end of each couplet at carousals_. + +W. A. W. (Brighton). _The specked appearance is entirely owing to your +having the wrong paper for your negatives. When Turner's paper is really +good it is invaluable, but the specks so abundant in it are a great +drawback._ + +H. H. (Glasgow). _We think a practical lesson from some _experienced_ hand +would put you right in all your little failures. It is evident from your +perseverance that great success will ultimately attend you. It is very +difficult to describe all the minutiae by correspondence._ + +A SUBSCRIBER (Atherstone). _1. We think your failures appear to arise from +defective iodized paper. If the least portion of iodide of potash remains, +the browning will take place; or the acetic acid may not be pure: add a +little more. 2. If the least portion of hypo. contaminates your silver +solutions, they are useless; to reduce it to its metallic state again is +the only remedy. 3. The views taken_ instantaneously _are with collodion. +It may be applied equally well upon paper as glass; and the advantage of +paper negatives is very great over glass_. + +PHOTOGRAPHY.--_We hope next week to lay before our readers the particulars +of a new process, combining all the advantages of the_ waxed-paper, _but +without its difficulties and uncertainties_. + +OUR EIGHTH VOLUME _is now bound and ready for delivery, price 10s. 6d., +cloth, boards. A few sets of the whole Eight Volumes are being made up, +price 4l. 4s.--For these early application is desirable._ + +"NOTES AND QUERIES" _is published at noon on Friday, so that the Country +Booksellers may receive Copies in that night's parcels, and deliver them to +their Subscribers on the Saturday_. + + * * * * * + + +{363} + +RECENT PUBLICATIONS OF THE CAMBRIDGE ANTIQUARIAN SOCIETY. + +QUARTO SERIES. + +Evangelia Angustini Gregoriana. By the REV. J. 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We can hardly say that Mr. Morley is too speculative for + a biographer, and we cannot sufficiently commend his care in collection + and his skill in accumulation."--_Athenaeum._ + +Also, by the same Author, + +2 vols. post 8vo., cloth, 18s. + +THE LIFE OF BERNARD PALISSY, of SAINTES; his Labours and Discoveries in Art +and Science; with an Outline of his Philosophical Doctrines, and +Illustrative Selections from his Works. + +One vol. 8vo., 10s. 6d. + +A VISIT to PORTUGAL and MADEIRA. By the LADY EMMELINE STUART WORTLEY. + +London: CHAPMAN & HALL, +193. Piccadilly. + + * * * * * + + +AS SECRETARY OR AMANUENSIS. + +A GENTLEMAN who is fully conversant with the French, German, and Italian +Languages, is desirous of obtaining some PERMANENT EMPLOYMENT. He can give +satisfactory references as to Competency and Respectability of Family and +Connexions. + +Address, F. G. H., care of MR. NEWMAN, Publisher, 9. 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The Music arranged for +Four Voices, but applicable also to Two or One, including Chants for the +Services, Responses to the Commandments, and a Concise SYSTEM OF CHANTING, +by J. B. SALE, Musical Instructor and Organist to Her Majesty. 4to., neat, +in morocco cloth, price 25s. To be had of Mr. J. B. SALE, 21. Holywell +Street, Millbank, Westminster, on the receipt of a Post-office Order for +that amount: and, by order, of the principal Booksellers and Music +Warehouses. + + "A great advance on the works we have hitherto had, connected with our + Church and Cathedral Service."--_Times._ + + "A collection of Psalm Tunes certainly unequalled in this + country."--_Literary Gazette._ + + "One of the best collections of tunes which we have yet seen. 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Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross. + +VALUABLE PRIVILEGE. + +POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary +difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to +suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in +the Prospectus. + +Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100l., with a Share in +three-fourths of the Profits:-- + + Age L s. d. | Age L s. d. + 17 1 14 4 | 32 2 10 8 + 22 1 18 8 | 37 2 18 6 + 27 2 4 5 | 42 3 8 2 + +ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary. + +Now ready, price 10s. 6d., Second Edition, with material additions, +INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION: being a TREATISE ON BENEFIT BUILDING +SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in +the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a +Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR +SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. +Parliament Street, London. + + * * * * * + + +PIANOFORTES, 25 Guineas each.--D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square +(established A.D. 1785), sole manufacturers of the ROYAL PIANOFORTES, at 25 +Guineas each. Every instrument warranted. The peculiar advantages of these +pianofortes are best described in the following professional testimonial, +signed by the majority of the leading musicians of the age:--"We, the +undersigned members of the musical profession, having carefully examined +the Royal Pianofortes manufactured by MESSRS. D'ALMAINE & CO., have great +pleasure in bearing testimony to their merits and capabilities. It appears +to us impossible to produce instruments of the same size possessing a +richer and finer tone, more elastic touch, or more equal temperament, while +the elegance of their construction renders them a handsome ornament for the +library, boudoir, or drawing-room. (Signed) J. L. Abel, F. Benedict, H. R. +Bishop, J. Blewitt, J. Brizzi, T. P. Chipp, P. Delavanti, C. H. Dolby, +E. F. Fitzwilliam, W. Forde, Stephen Glover, Henri Herz, E. Harrison, H. F. +Hasse, J. L. Hatton, Catherine Hayes, W. H. Holmes, W. Kuhe, G. F. +Kiallmark, E. Land, G. Lanza, Alexander Lee, A. Leffler, E. J. Loder, W. H. +Montgomery, S. Nelson, G. A. Osborne, John Parry, H. Panofka, Henry +Phillips, F. Praegar, E. F. Rimbault, Frank Romer, G. H. Rodwell, E. +Rockel, Sims Reeves, J. Templeton, F. Weber, H. Westrop, T. H. Wright," &c. + +D'ALMAINE & CO., 20. Soho Square. Lists and Designs Gratis. + + * * * * * + + +CHUBB'S LOCKS, with all the recent improvements. Strong fire-proof safes, +cash and deed boxes. Complete lists of sizes and prices may be had on +application. + +CHUBB & SON, 57. St. Paul's Churchyard, London; 28. Lord Street, Liverpool; +16. Market Street, Manchester; and Horseley Fields, Wolverhampton. + + * * * * * + + +IMPERIAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. + +1. OLD BROAD STREET, LONDON. + +Instituted 1820. + + * * * * * + +SAMUEL HIBBERT, ESQ., _Chairman_. + +WILLIAM R. ROBINSON, ESQ., _Deputy-Chairman_. + + * * * * * + +The SCALE OF PREMIUMS adopted by this Office will be found of a very +moderate character, but at the same time quite adequate to the risk +incurred. + +FOUR-FIFTHS, or 80 per cent. of the Profits, are assigned to Policies +_every fifth year_, and may be applied to increase the sum insured, to an +immediate payment in cash, or to the reduction and ultimate extinction of +future Premiums. + +ONE-THIRD of the Premium on Insurances of 500l. and upwards, for the whole +term of life, may remain as a debt upon the Policy, to be paid off at +convenience; or the Directors will lend sums of 50l. and upwards, on the +security of Policies effected with this Company for the whole term of life, +when they have acquired an adequate value. + +SECURITY.--Those who effect Insurances with this Company are protected by +its Subscribed Capital of 750,000l., of which nearly 140,000l. is invested, +from the risk incurred by Members of Mutual Societies. + +The satisfactory financial condition of the Company, exclusive of the +Subscribed and Invested Capital, will be seen by the following Statement: + + On the 31st October, 1853, the sums + Assured, including Bonus added, + amounted to L2,500,000 + + The Premium Fund to more than 800,000 + + And the Annual Income from the + same source, to 109,000 + +Insurances, without participation in Profits, may be effected at reduced +rates. + + SAMUEL INGALL, Actuary. + + * * * * * + + +ALLSOPP'S PALE or BITTER ALE. MESSRS. S. ALLSOPP & SONS beg to inform the +TRADE that they are now registering Orders for the March Brewings of their +PALE ALE in Casks of 18 Gallons and upwards, at the BREWERY, +Burton-on-Trent; and at the under-mentioned Branch Establishments: + + LONDON, at 61. King William Street, City. + LIVERPOOL, at Cook Street. + MANCHESTER, at Ducie Place. + DUDLEY, at the Burnt Tree. + GLASGOW, at 115. St. Vincent Street. + DUBLIN, at 1. Crampton Quay. + BIRMINGHAM, at Market Hall. + SOUTH WALES, at 13. King Street, Bristol. + +MESSRS. ALLSOPP & SONS take the opportunity of announcing to PRIVATE +FAMILIES that their ALES, so strongly recommended by the Medical +Profession, may be procured in DRAUGHT and BOTTLES GENUINE from all the +most RESPECTABLE LICENSED VICTUALLERS, on "ALLSOPP'S PALE ALE" being +specially asked for. + +When in bottle, the genuineness of the label can be ascertained by its +having "ALLSOPP & SONS" written across it. + + * * * * * + + +W. H. HART, RECORD AGENT and LEGAL ANTIQUARIAN (who is in the possession of +Indices to many of the early Public Records whereby his Inquiries are +greatly facilitated) begs to inform Authors and Gentlemen engaged in +Antiquarian or Literary Pursuits, that he is prepared to undertake searches +among the Public Records, MSS. in the British Museum, Ancient Wills, or +other Depositories of a similar Nature, in any Branch of Literature, +History, Topography, Genealogy, or the like, and in which he has had +considerable experience. + +1. ALBERT TERRACE, NEW CROSS, HATCHAM, SURREY. + + * * * * * + + +Patronised by the Royal Family. + +TWO THOUSAND POUNDS for any person producing Articles superior to the +following: + +THE HAIR RESTORED AND GREYNESS PREVENTED. + +BEETHAM'S CAPILLARY FLUID is acknowledged to be the most effectual article +for Restoring the Hair in Baldness, strengthening when weak and fine, +effectually preventing falling or turning grey, and for restoring its +natural colour without the use of dye. The rich glossy appearance it +imparts is the admiration of every person. Thousands have experienced its +astonishing efficacy. Bottles, 2s. 6d.; double, 4s. 6d.; 7s. 6d. equal to 4 +small; 11s. to 6 small; 21s. to 13 small. The most perfect beautifier ever +invented. + +SUPERFLUOUS HAIR REMOVED. + +BEETHAM'S VEGETABLE EXTRACT does not cause pain or injury to the skin. Its +effect is unerring, and it is now patronised by royalty and hundreds of the +first families. Bottles, 5s. + +BEETHAM'S PLASTER is the only effectual remover of Corns and Bunions. It +also reduces enlarged Great Toe Joints in an astonishing manner. If space +allowed, the testimony of upwards of twelve thousand individuals, during +the last five years, might be inserted. Packets, 1s.; Boxes, 2s. 6d. Sent +Free by BEETHAM, Chemist, Cheltenham, for 14 or 36 Post Stamps. + + Sold by PRING, 30. Westmorland Street; JACKSON, 9. Westland Row; BEWLEY + & EVANS, Dublin; GOULDING, 108. Patrick Street, Cork; BARRY, 9. Main + Street, Kinsale; GRATTAN, Belfast; MURDOCK, BROTHERS, Glasgow; DUNCAN & + FLOCKHART, Edinburgh. SANGER, 150. Oxford Street; PROUT, 229. Strand; + KEATING, St. Paul's Churchyard; SAVORY & MOORE, Bond Street; HANNAY, + 63. Oxford Street; London. All Chemists and Perfumers will procure + them. + + * * * * * + + +ALLEN'S ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE, containing Size, Price, and Description of +upwards of 100 articles, consisting of PORTMANTEAUS, TRAVELLING-BAGS, +Ladies' Portmanteaus, DESPATCH-BOXES, WRITING-DESKS, DRESSING-CASES, and +other travelling requisites, Gratis on application, or sent free by Post on +receipt of Two Stamps. + +MESSRS. ALLEN'S registered Despatch-box and Writing-desk, their +Travelling-bag with the opening as large as the bag, and the new +Portmanteau containing four compartments, are undoubtedly the best articles +of the kind ever produced. + +J. W. & T. ALLEN, 18. & 22. West Strand. + + * * * * * + + +BENNETT'S MODEL WATCH, as shown at the GREAT EXHIBITION, No. 1. Class X., +in Gold and Silver Cases, in five qualities, and adapted to all Climates, +may now be had at the MANUFACTORY, 65. CHEAPSIDE. Superior Gold London-made +Patent Levers, 17, 15, and 12 guineas. Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 4 +guineas. First-rate Geneva Levers, in Gold Cases, 12, 10, and 8 guineas. +Ditto, in Silver Cases, 8, 6, and 5 guineas. Superior Lever, with +Chronometer Balance, Gold, 27, 23, and 19 guineas. Bennett's Pocket +Chronometer, Gold, 50 guineas; Silver, 40 guineas. Every Watch skilfully +examined, timed, and its performance guaranteed. Barometers, 2l., 3l., and +4l. Thermometers from 1s. each. + +BENNETT, Watch, Clock, and Instrument Maker to the Royal Observatory, the +Board of Ordnance, the Admiralty, and the Queen, + +65. CHEAPSIDE. + + * * * * * + + +Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 10. Stonefield Street, in the Parish +of St. Mary, Islington, at No. 5. New Street Square, in the Parish of St. +Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. +Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of +London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, April 15. +1854. + + * * * * * + + +Corrections made to printed original. + +page 358, "I find that, by treating box sawdust": 'It find that' in +original. + +page 361, "unimagined system of criticism": 'sytem' in original. + + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Number 233, April +15, 1854, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES *** + +***** This file should be named 30644.txt or 30644.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/3/0/6/4/30644/ + +Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram, Keith Edkins +and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at +http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images +generously made available by The Internet Library of Early +Journals.) + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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