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You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: Early English Alliterative Poems + in the West-Midland Dialect of the Fourteenth Century + +Author: Various + +Editor: Richard Morris + +Release Date: October 19, 2009 [EBook #30282] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: UTF-8 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EARLY ENGLISH ALLITERATIVE POEMS *** + + + + +Produced by Louise Hope, David Starner and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + +<div class="mynote"> + +<p><a name="start" id="start">This e-text</a> is based on the 1869 +(second) edition of the <i>Alliterative Poems</i>. A few apparent +misprints were checked against the 1864 edition, but the texts as a +whole were not closely compared.</p> + +<p>The text includes characters that will only display in UTF-8 +(Unicode) +text readers, primarily Ȝ ȝ (yogh). There are also a few Greek words in +the Index, and a handful of letters with overline or macron, such as ī. +If these characters do not display properly, or if the quotation marks +in this paragraph appear as garbage, you may have an incompatible +browser or unavailable fonts. First, make sure that your browser’s +“character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8). You may +also need to change the default font.</p> + +<hr class="small"> + +<p>All brackets are in the original.</p> + +<p>Typographical errors are shown with <ins class="correction" title="like this">mouse-hover popups</ins>. Quotation-mark +errors—especially orphaned open quotes—are <ins class="quotation" title="like this">similarly marked</ins>. In some cases it +may be possible to guess where the missing quotation mark belongs, but +it seemed safer to leave the text as printed. No quotation marks +disappeared between the 1864 and 1869 editions.</p> + +<p class="center"> +<a href="#contents">Full Contents</a><br> +<a href="#preface">Preface</a><br> +<a href="poems.html#pearl"><i>The Pearl</i></a> (<i>separate +file</i>)<br> +<a href="poems.html#cleanness"><i>Cleanness</i></a> (<i>separate +file</i>)<br> +<a href="poems.html#patience"><i>Patience</i></a> (<i>separate +file</i>)<br> +<a href="glossary.html">Glossarial Index</a> (<i>separate +file</i>)<br> +<a href="#sidenotes">Sidenotes</a><br> +<a href="#endnote">Details of Text and Layout</a></p> + +</div> + +<p class="illustration"> +<img src="images/titlepage.png" width="306" height="218" +alt="Early English Alliterative Poems in the West-Midland Dialect of the Fourteenth Century" +title="Early English Alliterative Poems in the West-Midland Dialect of the Fourteenth Century"> +</p> + +<h5>EDITED FROM<br> +THE UNIQUE MANUSCRIPT<br> +BRITISH MUSEUM MS. COTTON<br> +NERO A. x</h5> + +<h6>BY</h6> + +<h4>RICHARD MORRIS</h4> + +<p> <br> </p> + +<h5><i>Published for</i><br> +<span class="smaller">THE EARLY ENGLISH TEXT SOCIETY</span><br> +<i>by the</i><br> +<span class="larger">OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS</span><br> +<span class="smallest">LONDON NEW YORK +TORONTO</span></h5> + +<hr class="page"> + +<h6>FIRST PUBLISHED 1864<br> +SECOND EDITION 1869<br> +REPRINTED (1869 VERSION) 1965</h6> + +<p> <br> </p> + +<h5><b>Original Series</b>, No. 1</h5> + +<h6>ORIGINALLY PRINTED BY STEPHEN AUSTIN, HERTFORD<br> +AND NOW REPRINTED LITHOGRAPHICALLY IN GREAT BRITAIN<br> +AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS, OXFORD<br> +BY VIVIAN RIDLER, PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY</h6> + +<hr class="page"> + +<div class="contents"> + +<h4><a name="contents" id="contents"> +<b>Contents</b></a><br> +<span class="smaller">(added by transcriber)</span></h4> + +<p class="center"> +Items in <i>italics</i> do not have headings in the body text.</p> + +<table class="toc" summary="contents"> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> +<a href="#preface">Preface</a></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#pagev">v</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset" colspan="2"> +<a href="#pref_intro_pearl"><i>Introduction to <b>The +Pearl</b></i></a></td> +<td class="number">[xi]</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset" colspan="2"> +<a href="#pref_intro_clean"><i>Introduction to +<b>Cleanness</b></i></a></td> +<td class="number">[xiii]</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset" colspan="2"> +<a href="#pref_intro_patience"><i>Introduction to +<b>Patience</b></i></a></td> +<td class="number">[xviii]</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset" colspan="2"> +<a href="#pref_intro"><i>General Introduction</i></a></td> +<td class="number">[xix]</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset" colspan="2"> +<p><a href="#pref_dialect">Remarks Upon the Dialect and +Grammar</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#pagexxi">xxi</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset" colspan="2"> +<a href="#pref_grammar">Grammatical Details</a></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#pagexxviii">xxviii</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="item"><a href="#pref_gram_noun">I.</a></td> +<td>Nouns</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#pagexxxiii">xxxiii</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="item"><a href="#pref_gram_adj">II.</a></td> +<td>Adjectives</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#pagexxxiii">xxxiii</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="item"><a href="#pref_gram_pron">III.</a></td> +<td>Pronouns</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#pagexxx">xxx</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="item"><a href="#pref_gram_verb">IV.</a></td> +<td>Verbs</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#pagexxxiii">xxxiii</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="item"><a href="#pref_gram_adv">V.</a></td> +<td>Adverbs</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#pagexl">xl</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="item"><a href="#pref_gram_prep">VI.</a></td> +<td>Prepositions</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#pagexl">xl</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="item"><a href="#pref_gram_conj">VII.</a></td> +<td>Conjunctions</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#pagexl">xl</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> +<p><a href="#manuscript">Description of the Manuscript</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#pagexli">xli</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> +<p><a href="#contrac">Contractions Used in the Glossary</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#pagexliv">xliv</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="3"> +<hr class="mid"> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> +<a href="poems.html#pearl">The Pearl</a> (<i>separate file</i>)</td> +<td class="number"><a href="poems.html#page1">1</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset" colspan="2"> +<a href="poems.html#pearl_notes">Notes to <i>The Pearl</i></a></td> +<td class="number"><a href="poems.html#page105">105</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> +<a href="poems.html#cleanness">Cleanness</a> (<i>separate +file</i>)</td> +<td class="number"><a href="poems.html#page37">37</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset" colspan="2"> +<a href="poems.html#clean_notes">Notes to <i>Cleanness</i></a></td> +<td class="number">[108]</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> +<a href="poems.html#patience">Patience</a> (<i>separate file</i>)</td> +<td class="number"><a href="poems.html#page89">89</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset" colspan="2"> +<a href="poems.html#patience_notes">Notes to <i>Patience</i></a></td> +<td class="number">[115]</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="3"> +<hr class="mid"> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> +<a href="glossary.html">Glossarial Index</a> (<i>separate +file</i>)</td> +<td class="number"><a href="glossary.html#page117">117</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="3"> +<p><i><a href="#sidenotes">Collected Sidenotes</a> (section +added by transcriber)</i></p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +</div> + +<div class="maintext"> + +<div class="intro"> + +<span class="pagenum">v</span> +<a name="pagev" id="pagev"> </a> + +<h3><a name="preface" id="preface">PREFACE.</a></h3> + +<p class="mynote"> +All page references in Arabic numerals refer to the main text, located +in a separate file. Parenthetical Roman numerals <i>do not</i> +correspond to the editor’s section headings, but the text summary is +generally similar to the appropriate headnote.</p> + +<hr class="micro"> + +<p><span class="firstword">The</span> following poems are taken from a +well known manuscript in the Cottonian collection, marked Nero +A. x, which also contains, in the same handwriting and dialect, +a metrical romance,<a class="tag" name="tag1" id="tag1" href="#note1">1</a> wherein the adventures of Sir Gawayne with the “Knight +in Green,” are most ably and interestingly described.</p> + +<p>Unfortunately nothing can be affirmed with any certainty concerning +the authorship of these most valuable and interesting compositions. The +editor of “Syr Gawayn and the Green Knight” considers that Huchowne, +a supposed<a class="tag" name="tag2" id="tag2" href="#note2">2</a> Scotch <i>maker</i> of the fourteenth century, has the +best claims to be recognised as the author, inasmuch as he is specially +referred to by Wyntown as the writer of the <i>Gret gest of Arthure</i> +and the <i>Awntyre of Gawayne</i>.</p> + +<p>I do not think that any certain conclusions are to be drawn from the +Scotch historian’s assertion. It is well known that more versifiers than +one during the fourteenth century attempted romance composition in the +English language, having for their theme the knightly deeds of Arthur or +Sir Gawayne. These they compiled from French originals, from which they +selected the most striking incidents and those best suited to an +Englishman’s taste for the marvellous. We are not surprised, +<span class="pagenum">vi</span> +<a name="pagevi" id="pagevi"> </a> +then, at finding so many romance poems treating of the exploits of the +same hero, and laying claim to be considered as original productions. In +Scotland, Huchowne’s works might no doubt have been regarded as the +standard romances of the period, but that they were the only English +<i>gests</i> is indeed very doubtful.</p> + +<p>The Early English alliterative romance, entitled the <i>Morte +Arthure</i>, published from a manuscript in Lincoln Cathedral by Mr. +Halliwell,<a class="tag" name="tag3" id="tag3" href="#note3">3</a> is considered by Sir F. Madden to be the veritable +<i>gest of Arthure</i> composed by Huchowne. An examination of this +romance does not lead me to the same conclusion, unless Huchowne was a +Midland man, for the poem is not written in the old Scotch dialect,<a +class="tag" name="tag4" id="tag4" href="#note4">4</a> but seems +to have been originally composed in one of the Northumbrian dialects +spoken <i>South</i> of the Tweed.<a class="tag" name="tag5" id="tag5" href="#note5">5</a></p> + +<p>The manuscript from which Mr. Halliwell has taken his text is not the +original copy, nor even a literal transcript of it. It exhibits certain +orthographical and grammatical peculiarities unknown to the Northumbrian +dialect which have been introduced by a Midland transcriber, who has +here and there taken +<span class="pagenum">vii</span> +<a name="pagevii" id="pagevii"> </a> +the liberty to adapt the original text to the dialect of his own +locality, probably that one of the North Midland counties, where many of +the Northumbrian forms of speech would be intelligible.<a class="tag" +name="tag6" id="tag6" href="#note6">6</a></p> + +<p>A comparison of the Arthurian romance with the following poems throws +no light whatever upon the authorship of the poems. The dialect of the +two works is altogether different, although many of the terms employed +are common to both, being well known over the whole of the North of +England. The grammatical forms (the best test we can have) in the poems +are quite distinct from those in the <i>Morte Arthure</i>, and of course +go far to prove that they do not proceed from the pen of the same +writer.</p> + +<p>The Editor of “Syr Gawayn and the Green Knight” acknowledges that the +poems in the present volume, as now preserved to us in the manuscript, +are not in the Scottish dialect, but he says “there is sufficient +internal evidence of their being <i>Northern</i>,<a class="tag" name="tag7" id="tag7" href="#note7">7</a> although the manuscript +containing them appears to have been written by a scribe of the Midland +counties, which will account for the introduction of forms differing +from those used by writers beyond the Tweed.”</p> + +<p>Now, with regard to this subsequent transcription of the poems from +the Scotch into a Midland dialect,—it cannot be +<span class="pagenum">viii</span> +<a name="pageviii" id="pageviii"> </a> +said to be improbable, for we have abundant instances of the +multiplication of copies by scribes of different localities, so that we +are not surprised at finding the works of some of our popular Early +English writers appearing in two or three forms; but, on the other hand, +a comparison of the original copy with the <i>adapted +transcriptions</i>, or even the reading of a transcribed copy, always +shows how the author’s productions have suffered by the change. Poetical +works, especially those with final rhymes, of course undergo the +greatest amount of transformation and depreciation. The changes incident +upon the kind of transcription referred to are truly surprising, and +most perplexing to those who make the subject of Early English +<i>dialects</i> a matter of investigation.</p> + +<p>But, in the present poems, the uniformity and consistency of the +grammatical forms is so entire, that there is indeed no internal +evidence of subsequent transcription into any other dialect than that in +which they were originally written. However, the dialect and grammatical +peculiarities will be considered hereafter.</p> + +<p>Again, in the course of transcription into another dialect, any +literary merit that the author’s copy may have originally possessed +would certainly be destroyed. But the poems before us are evidently the +work of a man of birth and education; the productions of a true poet, +and of one who had acquired a perfect mastery over that form of the +English tongue spoken in his own immediate locality during the earlier +part of the fourteenth century. Leaving out of consideration their great +philological worth, they possess an intrinsic value of their own as +literary compositions, very different from anything to be found in the +works of Robert of Gloucester, Manning, and many other Early English +authors, which are very important as philological records, but in the +light of poetical productions, cannot be said to hold a very +distinguished place in English literature. The poems in the present +volume contain many +<span class="pagenum">ix</span> +<a name="pageix" id="pageix"> </a> +passages which, as Sir F. Madden truly remarks, will bear comparison +with any similar ones in the works of Douglas or Spenser.</p> + +<p>I conclude, therefore, that these poems were not transcribed from the +Scotch dialect into any other, but were written in their own +West-Midland speech in which we now have them.</p> + +<p>Mr. Donaldson, who is now editing for the Early English Text Society +the Troy Book, translated from Guido di Colonna, puts forward a plea for +Huchowne as its author, to whom he would also assign the <i>Morte +Arthure</i> (ed. Perry) and the Pistel of Sweet Susan.<a class="tag" +name="tag8" id="tag8" href="#note8">8</a> But Mr. Donaldson seems +to have been misled by the similarity of vocabulary, which is not at all +a safe criterion in judging of works written in a Northumbrian, West or +East Midland speech. The dialect, I venture to think, is a far safer +test. A careful examination of the Troy Book compels me to differ in +toto from Mr. Donaldson, and, instead of assigning the Troy Book to a +Scotchman, say that it cannot even be claimed, in its present form, by +any Northumbrian south of the Tweed; moreover, it presents no appearance +of having been tampered with by one unacquainted with the dialect, +though it has perhaps been slightly modernised in the course of +transcription.</p> + +<p>The work is evidently a genuine West-Midland production,<a class="tag" name="tag9" id="tag9" href="#note9">9</a> having most of the +peculiarities of vocabulary and inflexions that are found in these +<i>Alliterative Poems</i>.<a class="tag" name="tag10" id="tag10" +href="#note10">10</a> I feel greatly inclined to claim this English +Troy Book as the production of the author of the <i>Alliterative +Poems</i>; for, leaving out identical and by no means common +expressions, we find the same power of +<span class="pagenum">x</span> +<a name="pagex" id="pagex"> </a> +description,<a class="tag" name="tag11" id="tag11" href="#note11">11</a> and the same tendency to inculcate moral and religious +truths on all occasions where an opportunity presents itself.<a class="tag" name="tag12" id="tag12" href="#note12">12</a> Without +dwelling upon this topic, which properly falls to the Editor of the Troy +Book, it may not be out of place to ask the reader to compare the +following description of a storm from the Troy Book, with that selected +from the present volume on pp. 14 and 18.</p> + +<table> +<tr><td> +<h6>A TEMPEST ON ÞE SEE.</h6> + +<div class="verse"> +<div class="indent"> +<p>There a tempest <i>hom</i> toke on þe torres hegh:—</p> +<p>A <i>rak</i> and a royde wynde rose in <i>hor</i> saile,</p> +<p>A myst & a <i>merkenes</i> was mervell to se;</p> +<p>With a <i>routond</i> rayn ruthe to be-holde,</p> +<p>Thonr<i>et</i><a class="tag" name="tag13" id="tag13" href="#note13">13</a> full <i>throly</i> with a thicke haile;</p> +<p>With a leuenyng light as a <i>low</i> fyre,</p> +<p>Blas<i>et</i> all the brode see as it bren wold.</p> +<p>The flode with a felle cours flow<i>et</i> on hepis,</p> +<p>Rose uppon rockes as any <i>ranke</i> hylles.</p> +<p>So wode were the waghes & þe wilde <i>ythes</i>,</p> +<p>All was like to be lost þat no lond hade</p> +<p>The ship ay shot furth o þe <i>shire waghes</i>,</p> +<p>As qwo clymbe at a clyffe, or a clent<a class="tag" name="tag14" +id="tag14" href="#note14">14</a> hille.</p> +<p>Eft <i>dump</i> in the depe as all drowne wolde.</p> +<p>Was no <i>stightlyng</i> with stere ne no stithe ropes,</p> +<p>Ne no sayle, þat might serue for <i>unsound</i> wedur.</p> +</div> +<p>But all the buernes in the bote, as <i>hom</i> best liked, +<p>Besoght unto sainttes & to sere goddes; (p. 65) +</div> +</td></tr> +</table> + +<table> +<tr><td> +<h6>A STORME ON THE SE.</h6> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>All the company enclin<i>et</i> cair<i>yn</i> to ship;</p> +<p>Cach<i>yn</i> in cables, knyt up <i>hor</i> ancres,</p> +<p>Sesit vp <i>hor</i> sailes in a sad hast;</p> +<p><i>Richet</i> þere rapes, rapit unto see.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">xi</span> +<a name="pagexi" id="pagexi"> </a> + +<p>Hokit out of hauyn, all the hepe somyn,</p> +<p><i>Hade bir at hor bake</i>, blawen to þe depe;</p> +<p>Sail<i>yn</i> forthe <i>soberly</i>, somyn but a while,</p> +<p>Noght fyftene forlong fairly to the end.</p> +<p class="gap"> ...........</p> +<p>When sodenly the softe aire <i>unsoberly</i> rose;</p> +<p>The cloudis overcast, <i>claterrit</i> aboute;</p> +<p>Wyndes full wodely <i>walt</i> up the ythes;</p> +<p>Wex <i>merke</i> as the mydnighte mystes full thicke:</p> +<p>Thunret in the <i>thestur throly</i> with all;</p> +<p>With a <i>launchant laite</i> lightonyd the water;</p> +<p>And a <i>ropand</i> rayne <i>raiked</i> fro the heuyn.</p> +<p>The storme was full stithe with mony stout windes,</p> +<p>Hit <i>walt</i> up the wilde se vppon wan hilles.</p> +<p>The ffolke was so ferd, that <i>on flete</i> were,</p> +<p>All drede for to drowne with dryft of the se;</p> +<p>And in perell were put all the proude kynges.<br> +—(p. 150.)</p> +</div> +</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>The poems in the present volume, three in number, seem to have been +written for the purpose of enforcing, by line upon line and precept upon +precept, Resignation to the will of God; Purity of life as manifested in +thought, word, and deed; Obedience to the Divine command; and Patience +under affliction.</p> + +<p>In <a name="pref_intro_pearl" id="pref_intro_pearl">the first +poem</a>, entitled by me “<i>The Pearl</i>”, the author evidently gives +expression to his own sorrow for the loss of his infant child, +a girl of two years old, whom he describes as a</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>Perle plesaunte to prynces paye</p> +<p><i>Pearl pleasant to princes’ pleasure,</i></p> +<p>To clanly clos in golde so clere</p> +<p><i>Most neatly set in gold so clear.</i></p> +</div> + +<p>Of her death he says:</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>Allas! I leste hyr in on erbere</p> +<p><i>Alas! I lost her in an arbour,</i></p> +<p>Þurȝ gresse to grounde hit fro me yot</p> +<p><i>Through grass to ground it from me got.</i> —(<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page1">p. 1</a>.)</p> +</div> + +<p>The writer then represents himself as visiting his child’s grave (or +arbour) in the “high season of August,” and giving way to his grief (<a +class="pageref" href="poems.html#page2">p. 2</a>). He falls +asleep, and in a dream is carried +<span class="pagenum">xii</span> +<a name="pagexii" id="pagexii"> </a> +toward a forest, where he saw rich rocks gleaming gloriously, hill sides +decked with crystal cliffs, and trees the leaves of which were as +burnished silver. The gravel under his feet was “precious pearls of +orient,” and birds “of flaming hues” flew about in company, whose notes +were far sweeter than those of the cytole or gittern (guitar) (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page3">p. 3</a>). The dreamer +arrives at the bank of a stream, which flows over stones (shining like +stars in the welkin on a winter’s night) and pebbles of emeralds, +sapphires, or other precious gems, so</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>Þat all the loȝe lemed of lyȝt</p> +<p><i>That all the deep gleamed of light,</i></p> +<p>So dere watȝ hit adubbement</p> +<p><i>So dear was its adornment.</i> —(<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page4">p. 4</a>.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Following the course of the stream, he perceives on the opposite side +a crystal cliff, from which was reflected many a “royal ray” (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page5">p. 5</a>).</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>At þe fote þer-of þer sete a faunt</p> +<p><i>At the foot thereof there sat a child,</i></p> +<p>A mayden of menske, ful debonere</p> +<p><i>A maiden of honour, full debonnair;</i></p> +<p>Blysnande whyt watȝ hyr bleaunt</p> +<p><i>Glistening white was her robe,</i></p> +<p>(I knew hyr wel, I hade sen hyr ere)</p> +<p><i>(I knew her well, I had seen her before)</i></p> +<p>At glysnande golde þat man con schore</p> +<p><i>As shining gold that man did purify,</i></p> +<p>So schon þat schene an-vnder schore</p> +<p><i>So shone that sheen (bright one) on the opposite shore;</i></p> +<p>On lenghe I loked to hyr þere</p> +<p><i>Long I looked to her there,</i></p> +<p>Þe lenger I knew hyr more & more</p> +<p><i>The longer I knew her, more and more.</i> —(<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page6">pp. 6, 7</a>.)</p> +</div> + +<p>The maiden rises, and, proceeding along the bank of the stream, +approaches him. He tells her that he has done nothing but mourn for the +loss of his Pearl, and has been indeed a “joyless jeweller” (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page8">p. 8</a>). However, now that he +has found his Pearl, +<span class="pagenum">xiii</span> +<a name="pagexiii" id="pagexiii"> </a> +he declares that he is no longer sorrowful, but would be a “joyful +jeweller” <!-- medieval for “happy camper”? --> were he allowed to cross +the stream (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page8">p. 8</a>). The maiden blames her father for his +rash speech, tells him that his Pearl is not lost, and that he cannot +pass the stream till after death (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page10">p. 10</a>). The dreamer is in great grief; he +does not, he says, care what may happen if he is again to lose his +Pearl. The maiden advises him to bear his loss patiently, and to abide +God’s doom (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page11">p. 11</a>). She describes to him her blissful +state in heaven, where she reigns as a queen (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page12">p. 12</a>). She explains to him that Mary is +the Empress of Heaven, and all others kings and queens (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page13">p. 13</a>). The parable of the +labourers in the vineyard<a class="tag" name="tag15" id="tag15" +href="#note15">15</a> (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page15">pp. 15-18</a>) is then rehearsed at length, to prove +that “innocents” are admitted to the same privileges as are enjoyed by +those who have lived longer upon the earth (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page18">p. 18</a>). The maiden then speaks to her +father of Christ and his one hundred and forty thousand brides (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page24">p. 24</a>), and describes +their blissful state (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page26">p. 26</a>)<ins class="correction" title="text has , for .">. </ins>She points out to him the heavenly Jerusalem, +which was “all of bright burnished gold, gleaming like glass” (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page29">p. 29</a>). Then the dreamer +beholds a procession of virgins going to salute the Lamb, among whom he +perceives his “little queen” (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page33">p. 33</a>). On attempting to cross the stream +to follow her, he is aroused from his dream (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page35">p. 35</a>), laments his rash curiosity in +seeking to know so much of God’s mysteries, and declares that man ever +desires more happiness than he has any right to expect (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page35">p. 35</a>).</p> + +<p>The <a name="pref_intro_clean" id="pref_intro_clean">second +poem</a>, entitled “<i>Cleanness</i>,” is a collection of Biblical +stories, in which the writer endeavours to enforce Purity of Life, by +showing how greatly God is displeased at every kind of impurity, and how +sudden and severe is the punishment which falls upon the sinner for +every violation of the Divine law.</p> + +<p>After commending cleanness and its “fair forms,” the author relates +(I.) The Parable of the Marriage Feast (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page39">p. 39</a>); +<span class="pagenum">xiv</span> +<a name="pagexiv" id="pagexiv"> </a> +(II.) the Fall of the Angels (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page43">p. 43</a>); (III.) The wickedness of the +antediluvian world (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page44">p. 44</a>),</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>He watȝ famed for fre þat feȝt loued best</p> +<p><i>He was famous as free that fight loved best,</i></p> +<p>& ay þe bigest in bale þe best watȝ halden</p> +<p><i>And ever the biggest in sin the best was held;</i> (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page45">p. 45</a>.)</p> +</div> + +<p>(IV.) The destruction of mankind by the Flood. When all were safely +stowed in the ark,</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>Thenne sone com þe seuenþe day, when samned wern alle</p> +<p><i>Then soon came the seventh day when assembled were all,</i></p> +<p>& alle woned in þe whichche þe wylde & þe tame.</p> +<p><i>And all abode in the ark (hutch), the wild and the tame.</i></p> +<p>Þen bolned þe abyme & bonkeȝ con ryse</p> +<p><i>Then swelled the abyss and banks did rise,</i></p> +<p>Waltes out vch walle-heued, in ful wode stremeȝ</p> +<p><i>Bursts out each well-head in full wild streams,</i></p> +<p>Watȝ no brymme þat abod vnbrosten bylyue</p> +<p><i>There was no brim (stream) that abode unburst by then,</i></p> +<p>Þe mukel lauande loghe to þe lyfte rered</p> +<p><i>The much (great) flowing deep (loch) to the loft (sky) +reared.</i></p> +<p>Mony clustered clowde clef alle in clowteȝ</p> +<p><i>Many a clustering cloud cleft all in clouts (pieces),</i></p> +<p>To-rent vch a rayn-ryfte & rusched to þe vrþe</p> +<p><i>Rent was each a rain-rift and rushed to the earth;</i></p> +<p>Fon neuer in forty dayeȝ, & þen þe flod ryses</p> +<p><i>Failed never in forty days, and then the flood rises,</i></p> +<p>Ouer-walteȝ vche a wod and þe wyde feldeȝ</p> +<p><i>Over-flows each wood and the wide fields;</i></p> +<p class="gap">..............</p> +<p>Water wylger ay wax, woneȝ þat stryede</p> +<p><i>Water wildly ever waxed, abodes that destroyed,</i></p> +<p>Hurled in-to vch hous, hent þat þer dowelled</p> +<p><i>Hurled into each house, seized those that there dwelt.</i></p> +<p>Fyrst feng to þe flyȝt alle þat fle myȝt</p> +<p><i>First took to flight all that flee might,</i></p> +<p>Vuche burde with her barne þe byggyng þay leueȝ</p> +<p><i>Each bride (woman) with her bairn their abode they leave,</i></p> +<p>& bowed to þe hyȝ bonk þer brentest hit wern</p> +<p><i>And hied to the high bank where highest it were,</i></p> + +<span class="pagenum">xv</span> +<a name="pagexv" id="pagexv"> </a> + +<p>& heterly to þe hyȝe hilleȝ þay [h]aled on faste</p> +<p><i>And hastily to the high hills they rushed on fast;</i></p> +<p>Bot al watȝ nedleȝ her note, for neuer cowþe stynt</p> +<p><i>But all was needless their device, for never could stop</i></p> +<p>Þe roȝe raynande ryg [&] þe raykande waweȝ</p> +<p><i>The rough raining shower and the rushing waves,</i></p> +<p>Er vch boþom watȝ brurd-ful to þe bonkeȝ eggeȝ</p> +<p><i>Ere each bottom (valley) was brim-ful to the banks’ edges,</i></p> +<p>& vche a dale so depe þat demmed at þe brynkeȝ</p> +<p><i>And each dale so deep that dammed at the brinks.</i> —(<a +class="pageref" href="poems.html#page47">pp. 47, 48</a>).</p> +</div> + +<p>The ark is described as “heaved on high with hurling streams.”</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>Kest to kyþeȝ vncouþe þe clowdeȝ ful nere</p> +<p><i>Cast to kingdoms uncouth the clouds ful near,</i></p> +<p>Hit waltered on the wylde flod, went as hit lyste</p> +<p><i>It tossed on the wild flood, went as it list,</i></p> +<p>Drof vpon þe depe dam, in daunger hit semed</p> +<p><i>It drove upon the deep dam, in danger it seemed,</i></p> +<p>With-outen mast, oþer myke, oþer myry bawe-lyne</p> +<span class="footnote"> +<i>mike</i>] See Glossary.</span> +<p><i>Without mast, or <span class="texttag">mike</span>, or merry +bow-line,</i></p> +<p>Kable, oþer capstan to clyppe to her ankreȝ</p> +<p><i>Cable or capstan to clip to their anchors,</i></p> +<p>Hurrok, oþer hande-helme hasped on roþer</p> +<p><i>Oar or hand-helm hooked on rudder,</i></p> +<p>Oþer any sweande sayl to seche after hauen</p> +<p><i>Or any swinging sail to seek after haven,</i></p> +<p>Bot flote forthe with þe flyt of þe felle wyndeȝ</p> +<p><i>But floated forth with the force of the fell winds.</i></p> +<p>Wheder-warde so þe water wafte, hit rebounde</p> +<p><i>Whither-ward so (as) the water waft, it rebounded,</i></p> +<p>Ofte hit roled on-rounde & rered on ende</p> +<p><i>Oft it rolled around and reared on end,</i></p> +<p>Nyf our lorde hade ben her lodeȝ-mon hem had lumpen harde</p> +<p><i>Had our Lord not been their (pilot) leader hardship had befallen +them.</i> —(<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page49">p. 49</a>.)</p> +</div> + +<p>(V.) The Visit of Three Angels to Abraham (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page54">p. 54</a>).</p> + +<p>(VI.) The destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah (<a class="pageref" +href="poems.html#page64">pp. 64, 65</a>), including a description of +the Dead Sea, the tarn (lake) of traitors (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page66">p. 66</a>).</p> + +<span class="pagenum">xvi</span> +<a name="pagexvi" id="pagexvi"> </a> + +<p>(VII.) The invasion of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page71">p. 71</a>), and the captivity +of Judah (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page74">p. 74</a>).</p> + +<p>The following is a paraphrase of the fourth and fifth verses in the +twenty-fifth chapter of the second book of Kings.<a class="tag" name="tag17" id="tag17" href="#note17">17</a></p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>Þenne þe kyng of þe kyth a counsayl hym takes</p> +<p><i>Then the king of the kingdom a counsel him takes,</i></p> +<p>Wyth þe best of his burnes, a blench for to make</p> +<p><i>With the best of his men a device for to make;</i></p> +<p>Þay stel out on a stylle nyȝt er any steuen rysed</p> +<p><i>They stole out on a still night ere any sound arose,</i></p> +<p>& harde hurles þurȝ þe oste, er enmies hit wyste</p> +<p><i>And hard hurled through the host, ere enemies it wist,</i></p> +<p>Bot er þay at-wappe ne moȝt þe wach wyth oute</p> +<p><i>But ere they could escape the watch without,</i></p> +<p>Hiȝe skelt watȝ þe askry þe skewes an-vnder</p> +<p><i>High scattered was the cry, the skies there under,</i></p> +<p>Loude alarom vpon launde lulted was þenne</p> +<p><i>Loud alarm upon land sounded was then;</i></p> +<p>Ryche, ruþed of her rest, ran to here wedes,</p> +<p><i>Rich (men) roused from their rest, ran to their weeds,</i></p> +<p>Hard hattes þay hent & on hors lepes</p> +<p><i>Kettle hats they seized, and on horse leap;</i></p> +<p>Cler claryoun crak cryed on-lofte</p> +<p><i>Clear clarion’s crack cried aloft.</i></p> +<p>By þat watȝ alle on a hepe hurlande swyþee</p> +<p><i>By that (time) was all on a heap, hurling fast,</i></p> +<p>Folȝande þat oþer flote, & fonde hem bilyue</p> +<p><i>Following that other fleet (host), and found them soon,</i></p> +<span class="footnote"> +<i>as tyd</i>] Immediately.</span> +<p>Ouer-tok hem, <span class="texttag">as tyd</span>, tult hem of +sadeles</p> +<p><i>Over-took them in a trice, tilted them off saddles,</i></p> +<p>Tyl vche prynce hade his per put to þe grounde</p> +<p><i>Till each prince had his peer put to the ground;</i></p> +<p>& þer watȝ þe kyng kaȝt wyth calde prynces</p> +<p><i>And there was the king caught with crafty princes,</i></p> + +<span class="pagenum">xvii</span> +<a name="pagexvii" id="pagexvii"> </a> + +<p>& alle hise gentyle for-iusted on Ierico playnes</p> +<p><i>And all his nobles vanquished on Jericho’s plains.</i> —(<a +class="pageref" href="poems.html#page71">pp. 71, 72</a>.)</p> +</div> + +<p>(VIII.) Belshazzar’s impious feast (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page76">pp. 76-80</a>), and the handwriting upon the wall +(<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page80">pp. +80, 81</a>).</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>In þe palays pryncipale vpon þe playn wowe</p> +<p><i>In the palace principal upon the plain wall,</i></p> +<p>In contrary of þe candelstik þat clerest hit schyned</p> +<p><i>Opposite to the candlestick that clearest there shone.</i></p> +<p>Þer apered a paume, with poyntel in fyngres</p> +<p><i>There appeared a palm with a pointel in its fingers,</i></p> +<p>Þat watȝ grysly & gret, & grymly he wrytes</p> +<p><i>That was grisly and great, and grimly it writes,</i></p> +<p>None oþer forme bot a fust faylaynde þe wryst</p> +<p><i>None other form but a fist failing the wrist</i></p> +<p>Pared on þe parget, purtrayed lettres</p> +<p><i>Pared on the plaister, pourtrayed letters.</i></p> +<p>When þat bolde Baltaȝar blusched to þat neue</p> +<p><i>When that bold Belshazzar looked to that fist,</i></p> +<p>Such a dasande drede dusched to his hert</p> +<p><i>Such a dazzling dread dashed to his heart.</i></p> +<p>Þat al falewed his face & fayled þe chere</p> +<p><i>That all paled his face and failed the cheer;</i></p> +<p>Þe stronge strok of þe stonde strayned his ioyntes</p> +<p><i>The strong stroke of the blow strained his joints,</i></p> +<p>His cnes cachcheȝ to close & cluchches his hommes</p> +<p><i>His knees catch to close, and he clutches his hams,</i></p> +<span class="footnote"> +<i>lers</i>] ? feres.</span> +<p>& he with plat-tyng his paumes displayes his <span class="texttag">lers</span></p> +<p><i>And he with striking his palms displays his fears,</i></p> +<p>& romyes as a rad ryth þat roreȝ for drede</p> +<p><i>And howls as a frightened hound that roars for dread,</i></p> +<p>Ay biholdand þe honde til hit hade al grauen,</p> +<p><i>Ever beholding the hand till it had all graven,</i></p> +<p>& rasped on þe roȝ woȝe runisch saueȝ</p> +<p><i>And rasped on the rough wall uncouth saws (words).</i></p> +</div> + +<p>(IX.) The story of Nebuchadnezzar’s pride and its punishment (<a +class="pageref" href="poems.html#page84">pp. 84, 85</a>), and +the interpretation of the handwriting by Daniel (<a class="pageref" +href="poems.html#page86"><ins class="correction" title="text has , for .">p. </ins>86</a>).</p> + +<span class="pagenum">xviii</span> +<a name="pagexviii" id="pagexviii"> </a> + +<p>(X.) The invasion of Babylon by the Medes (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page87">pp. 87, 88</a>).</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>Baltaȝar in his bed watȝ beten to deþe</p> +<p><i>Belshazzar in his bed was beaten to death,</i></p> +<p>Þat boþe his blood & his brayn blende on þe cloþes</p> +<p><i>That both his blood and his brains blended on the clothes;</i></p> +<p>Þe kyng in his cortyn watȝ kaȝt by þe heles</p> +<p><i>The king in his curtain was caught by the heels,</i></p> +<p>Feryed out bi þe fete & fowle dispysed</p> +<p><i>Ferried out by the feet and foully despised;</i></p> +<p>Þat watȝ so doȝty þat day & drank of þe vessayl</p> +<p><i>He that was so doughty that day and drank of the vessels,</i></p> +<p>Now is a dogge also dere þat in a dych lygges</p> +<p><i>Now is as dear (valuable) as a dog that in a ditch lies.</i> +—(<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page88">p. 88</a>.)</p> +</div> + +<p>The <a name="pref_intro_patience" id="pref_intro_patience">third +poem</a>, entitled “<i>Patience</i>,” is a paraphrase of the book of +Jonah. The writer prefaces it with a few remarks of his own in order to +show that “patience is a noble point though it displease oft.”</p> + +<p>The following extract contains a description of the sea-storm which +overtook Jonah:—</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>Anon out of þe norþ est þe noys bigynes</p> +<p><i>Anon out of the north east the noise begins,</i></p> +<span class="footnote"> +<i>boþe breþes</i>]<br> +Eurus and Aquilo.</span> +<p>When <span class="texttag">boþe breþes</span> con blowe vpon blo +watteres</p> +<p><i>When both breezes did blow upon blue waters:</i></p> +<p>Roȝ rakkes þer ros with rudnyng an-vnder</p> +<p><i>Rough clouds there arose with lightning there under,</i></p> +<p>Þe see souȝed ful sore, gret selly to here</p> +<p><i>The sea sobbed full sore, great marvel to hear;</i></p> +<p>Þe wyndes on þe wonne water so wrastel togeder,</p> +<p><i>The winds on the wan water so wrestle together,</i></p> +<p>Þat þe wawes ful wode waltered so hiȝe</p> +<p><i>That the waves full wild rolled so high,</i></p> +<p>& efte busched to þe abyme þat breed fyssches</p> +<p><i>And again bent to the abyss that bred fishes;</i></p> +<p>Durst nowhere for roȝ arest at þe bothem.</p> +<p><i>Durst it nowhere for roughness rest at the bottom.</i></p> +<p>When þe breth & þe brok & þe bote metten</p> +<p><i>When the breeze and the brook and the boat met,</i></p> + +<span class="pagenum">xix</span> +<a name="pagexix" id="pagexix"> </a> + +<p>Hit watȝ a ioyles gyn þat Ionas watȝ inne</p> +<p><i>It was a joyless engine that Jonah was in,</i></p> +<p>For hit reled on round vpon þe roȝe yþes</p> +<p><i>For it reeled around upon the rough waves.</i></p> +<p>Þe bur ber to hit baft þat braste alle her gere</p> +<p><i>The bore (wave) bear to it abaft that burst all her gear,</i></p> +<p>Þen hurled on a hepe þe helme & þe sterne</p> +<p><i>Then hurled on a heap the helm and the stern,</i></p> +<span class="footnote"> +<i>to murte, marred</i>]<br> +? = to-marte.</span> +<p>Furste <span class="texttag">to murte</span> mony rop & þe mast +after</p> +<p><i>First <span class="texttag">marred</span><ins class="correction" title="duplicate footnote tag misprinted ‘2’ for ‘1’">* +</ins>many a rope and the mast after.</i></p> +<p>Þe sayl sweyed on þe see, þenne suppe bihoued</p> +<p><i>The sail swung on the sea, then sup behoved</i></p> +<p>Þe coge of þe colde water, & þenne þe cry ryses</p> +<p><i>The boat of the cold water, and then the cry rises;</i></p> +<p>Ȝet coruen þay þe cordes & kest al þer-oute</p> +<p><i>Yet cut they the cords and cast all there-out.</i></p> +<p>Mony ladde þer forth-lep to laue & to kest</p> +<p><i>Many a lad there forth leapt to lave and to cast,</i></p> +<p>Scopen out þe scaþel water, þat fayn scape wolde</p> +<p><i>To scoop out the scathful water that fain escape would;</i></p> +<p>For be monnes lode neuer so luþer, þe lyf is ay swete</p> +<p><i>For be man’s lot never so bad, the life is aye sweet.</i> +—(<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page93">p. 93</a>.)</p> +</div> + +<p>The writer, in concluding the story of Jonah, exhorts his readers to +be “patient in pain and in joy.”</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>For he þat is to rakel to renden his cloþeȝ,</p> +<p>Mot efte sitte with more vn-sounde to sewe hem togeder.</p> +<p><i>For he that is too rash to rend his clothes,</i></p> +<p><i>Must afterwards sit with more unsound (worse ones) to sew them +together.</i> (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page104">p. 104</a>.)</p> +</div> + +<p>This <a name="pref_intro" id="pref_intro">brief outline</a> of +the poems, together with the short extracts from them, will, it is +hoped, give the reader stomach to digest the whole. It is true that they +contain many “uncouth” terms; but this will be their highest merit with +the student of language, as is shown, by Dr. Guest’s testimony, that +they are “for several reasons curious, and especially so to the +philologist.”<a class="tag" name="tag22" id="tag22" href="#note22">22</a> To those readers who do not appreciate the importance +<span class="pagenum">xx</span> +<a name="pagexx" id="pagexx"> </a> +of such a very large addition to the vocabulary of our Early Language as +is made by these treatises, let Sir Frederic Madden’s opinion of their +literary merit suffice. That distinguished editor says, of the author’s +“poetical talent, the pieces contained in the MS. afford unquestionable +proofs; and the description of the change of the seasons, the bitter +aspect of winter, the tempest which preceded the destruction of Sodom +and Gomorrah, and the sea storm occasioned by the wickedness of Jonas, +<i>are equal to any similar passages</i> in Douglas or Spenser.”<a class="tag" name="tag23" id="tag23" href="#note23">23</a> Moreover, as +to the hardness of the language—inasmuch as the subject matter of +the poem will be familiar to all who may take up the present volume, the +difficulty on the word-point will not be such as to deter the reader +from understanding and appreciating the production of an old English +poet, who—though his very name, unfortunately, has yet to be +discovered—may claim to stand in the foremost rank of England’s +early bards.</p> + +<p>The Editor of the present volume has endeavoured to do justice to his +author by giving the text, with some few exceptions, as it stands in the +manuscript.<a class="tag" name="tag24" id="tag24" href="#note24">24</a> The contractions of the scribe have been expanded and +printed in italics, a plan which he hopes to see adopted in every +future edition of an early English author.</p> + +<p>The <a href="glossary.html">Glossary</a> has been compiled not only +for the benefit of the reader, but for the convenience of those who are +studying the older forms of our language, and who know how valuable a +mere index of words and references sometimes proves.</p> + +<p>In conclusion, I take the present opportunity of acknowledging the +kind assistance of Sir Frederic Madden and E. A. Bond, Esq., of the +British Museum, who, on every occasion, were most ready to render me any +help in deciphering the manuscript, in parts almost illegible, from +which the poems in the present volume are printed.</p> + + +<span class="pagenum">xxi</span> +<a name="pagexxi" id="pagexxi"> </a> + +<h4><a name="pref_dialect" id="pref_dialect"> +REMARKS UPON THE DIALECT AND GRAMMAR.</a></h4> + +<p>Higden, writing about the year <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> +1350, affirms, distinctly, the existence of three different forms of +speech or dialects, namely, Southern, Midland, and Northern;<a class="tag" name="tag25" id="tag25" href="#note25">25</a> or, as they +are sometimes designated, West-Saxon, Mercian, and Northumbrian. Garnett +objects to Higden’s classification, and considers it certain “that there +were in his (Higden’s) time, and probably long before, five distinctly +marked forms, which may be classed as follows:— 1. Southern +or standard English, which in the fourteenth century was perhaps best +spoken in Kent and Surrey by the body of the inhabitants. +2. Western English, of which traces may be found from Hampshire to +Devonshire, and northward as far as the Avon. 3. Mercian, vestiges +of which appear in Shropshire, Staffordshire, and South and West +Derbyshire, becoming distinctly marked in Cheshire, and still more so in +South Lancashire. 4. Anglian, of which there are three +sub-divisions—the East Anglian of Norfolk and Suffolk; the Middle +Anglian of Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire and East Derbyshire; and the +North Anglian of the West Riding of Yorkshire—spoken most purely +in the central part of the mountainous district of Craven. +5. Northumbrian,” spoken throughout the Lowlands of Scotland, +Northumberland, Durham, and nearly the whole of Yorkshire.</p> + +<p>Garnett’s division is based upon peculiarities of pronunciation, +which will be found well marked in the <i>modern</i> provincial +dialects, and not upon any essential differences of inflexion that are +to be found in our Early English manuscripts.<a class="tag" name="tag26" id="tag26" href="#note26">26</a></p> + +<p>The distinction between Southern and Western English was not at all +required, as the Kentish Ayenbite of Inwyt (<span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> +<span class="pagenum">xxii</span> +<a name="pagexxii" id="pagexxii"> </a> +1340) exhibits most of the peculiarities that mark the Chronicles of +Robert of Gloucester (Cottonian MS. Calig. A. xi.) as a Southern +(or West-Saxon) production. The Anglian of Norfolk, Lincolnshire, and +Nottinghamshire may be referred to one group with the Mercian of +Lancashire, as varieties of the Midland dialect.</p> + +<p>A careful examination of our early literature leads us to adopt +Higden’s classification as not only a convenient but a correct one.</p> + +<p>There is, perhaps, no better test for distinguishing these dialects +from one another than the verbal inflexions of the plural number in the +present tense, indicative mood.</p> + +<p>To state this test in the briefest manner, we may say that the +Southern dialect employs <i>-eth</i>, the Midland <i>-en</i>, and the +Northumbrian <i>-es</i> as the inflexion for all persons of the plural +present <span class="locked">indicative:<a class="tag" name="tag27" id="tag27" href="#note27">27</a>—</span></p> + +<table class="paradigm" summary="paradigm"> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th>Southern.</th> +<th>Midland.</th> +<th>Northern.</th> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>1st pers.</td> +<td>Hop-<i>eth</i>.</td> +<td>Hop-<i>en</i>.</td> +<td>Hop-<i>es</i>. (we) hope.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>2nd „</td> +<td>Hop-<i>eth</i>.</td> +<td>Hop-<i>en</i>.</td> +<td>Hop-<i>es</i>. (ye) hope.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>3rd „</td> +<td>Hop-<i>eth</i>.</td> +<td>Hop-<i>en</i>.</td> +<td>Hop-<i>es</i>. (they) hope.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>It is the constant and systematic employment of these inflexions, and +not their occasional use that must be taken as the criterion of +dialectical varieties.</p> + +<p>In a pure specimen of the Southern dialect, we never find the +Northumbrian <i>-es</i>. We do occasionally meet with the Midland +<i>-en</i>, but only in those works written in localities where, from +their geographical position, Southern and Midland forms would be +intelligible.<a class="tag" name="tag28" id="tag28" href="#note28">28</a> We might look in vain for the Southern plural +<i>-eth</i> in a pure Northumbrian production, but might be more +successful in finding the Midland <i>-en</i> in the third person plural; +as, “thay <i>arn</i>” for “they <i>ar</i>”, or “thay <i>er</i>.”</p> + +<span class="pagenum">xxiii</span> +<a name="pagexxiii" id="pagexxiii"> </a> + +<p>In a work composed in Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire, or Lancashire, +we should be sure to find the occasional use of the Northumbrian plural +<i>-es</i>.<a class="tag" name="tag29" id="tag29" href="#note29">29</a></p> + +<p>The inflexions of the verb in the singular are of value in enabling +us to discriminate between the several varieties of the Midland +dialect.<a class="tag" name="tag30" id="tag30" href="#note30">30</a> The Southern and Midland idioms (with the exception of +the West-Midland of Lancashire, Cheshire, etc.) conjugated the verb in +the singular present indicative, as <span class="locked">follows:—</span></p> + +<table class="paradigm" summary="paradigm"> +<tr> +<td>1st pers.</td> +<td>hope</td> +<td>(I) hope.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>2nd „</td> +<td>hop-<i>est</i></td> +<td>(thou) hopest.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>3rd „</td> +<td>hop-<i>eth</i></td> +<td>(he) hopes.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>The West-Midland, corresponding to Garnett’s Mercian, instead of +<i>-est</i> and <i>-eth</i> employs the inflexions that are so common in +the so-called Northumbrian documents of the ninth and tenth <span class="locked">centuries:—</span></p> + +<table class="paradigm" summary="paradigm"> +<tr> +<td>1st pers.</td> +<td>hope</td> +<td>(I) hope.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>2nd „</td> +<td>hop-<i>es</i></td> +<td>(thou) hopest.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>3rd „</td> +<td>hop-<i>es</i></td> +<td>(he) hopes.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>The Northumbrian dialect takes <i>-es</i> in all three persons; but +mostly drops it in the first person.</p> + +<p>The peasantry of Cheshire and Lancashire still preserve the verbal +inflexions which prevailed in the fourteenth century, and conjugate +their verbs in the present indicative according to the following <span +class="locked">model:—</span></p> + +<table class="paradigm" summary="paradigm"> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th>Singular.</th> +<th>Plural.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>1st pers.</td> +<td>hope</td> +<td>hopen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>2nd „</td> +<td>hopes</td> +<td>hopen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>3rd „</td> +<td>hopes</td> +<td>hopen.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Inasmuch as the poems in the present volume exhibit the +<span class="pagenum">xxiv</span> +<a name="pagexxiv" id="pagexxiv"> </a> +systematic use of these forms, we cannot but believe that they were +originally composed in one of those counties where these verbal +inflexions were well known and extensively used. We have to choose +between several localities, but if we assign the poems to Lancashire we +are enabled to account for the large number of Norse terms employed. It +is true that the ancient examples of the Lancashire dialect contained in +Mr. Robson’s Metrical Romances,<a class="tag" name="tag31" id="tag31" href="#note31">31</a> the Boke of Curtasye,<a class="tag" +name="tag32" id="tag32" href="#note32">32</a> and Liber Cure +Cocorum,<a class="tag" name="tag33" id="tag33" href="#note33">33</a> present us with much broader forms, as <i>-us</i> for +<i>-es</i> in the plural number and possessive case of nouns, <i>-un</i> +for <i>-en</i> in the plural present indicative mood, in passive +participles of irregular (or strong) verbs, <i>-ud</i> (<i>-ut</i>) for +<i>-ed</i> in the past tense and passive participle of regular (or weak) +verbs, and the pronominal forms <i>hor</i> (their), <i>hom</i> (them), +for <i>her</i> and <i>hem</i>.<a class="tag" name="tag34" id="tag34" href="#note34">34</a></p> + +<p>These forms are evidence of a broad pronunciation which, at the +present time, is said to be a characteristic of the northwestern +division of Lancashire, but I think that there is good evidence for +asserting that this strong provincialism was not confined, formerly, to +the West-Midland dialect, much less to a division of any particular +county. We find traces of it in Audelay’s Poems (Shropshire), the +Romance of William and the Werwolf,<a class="tag" name="tag35" id="tag35" href="#note35">35</a> and even in the Wickliffite version of +the Scriptures.</p> + +<p>Formerly, being influenced by these broad forms, I was led to select +Cheshire or Staffordshire as the probable locality where the poems were +written; but I do not, now, think that either of these counties ever +employed a vocabulary containing so many Norse terms as are to be found +in the Lancashire dialect. But although we may not be able to fix, with +certainty, +<span class="pagenum">xxv</span> +<a name="pagexxv" id="pagexxv"> </a> +upon any one county in particular, the fact of the present poems being +composed in the West-Midland dialect cannot be denied. Much may be said +in favour of their Lancashire origin, and there are one or two points of +resemblance between our poems, the Lancashire Romances, and Liber Cure +Cocorum, that deserve especial notice.</p> + +<p>I. In Sir Amadace,<a class="tag" name="tag36" id="tag36" href="#note36">36</a> lxviii. 9, there occurs the curious form <i>miȝtus</i> += <i>miȝtes</i> = <i>mightst</i>.<a class="tag" name="tag37" id="tag37" href="#note37">37</a> As it appears only once throughout the +Romances we might conclude that it is an error of the scribe for +<i>miȝtest</i>, but when we find in the poems before us not only +<i>myȝteȝ</i> = <i>myȝtes</i> (mightst), but <i>woldeȝ</i> = +<i>woldes</i> (wouldst), <i>coutheȝ</i> = <i>couthes</i> (couldst), +<i>dippteȝ</i> (dippedest), <i>travayledeȝ</i> (travelledst), etc., we +are bound to consider <i>miȝtus</i> as a genuine form.<a class="tag" +name="tag38" id="tag38" href="#note38">38</a> In no other Early +English works of the fourteenth century have I been able to find this +peculiarity. It is very common in <i>the Wohunge of Ure Lauerd</i> +(xiiith cent.). See O.E. Homilies, p. 51. The Northumbrian dialect +at this period rejected the inflexion in the second person preterite +singular, of regular verbs,<a class="tag" name="tag39" id="tag39" +href="#note39">39</a> and in our poems we find the <i>-es</i> often +dropped, +<span class="pagenum">xxvi</span> +<a name="pagexxvi" id="pagexxvi"> </a> +so that we get two conjugations, which may be called the inflected and +the uninflected form.</p> + +<table class="paradigm" summary="paradigm"> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th>Inflected.</th> +<th>Uninflected.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>1st pers.</td> +<td>hopede</td> +<td>hoped</td> +<td>(I) hoped.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>2nd „</td> +<td>hoped<i>es</i></td> +<td>hoped</td> +<td>(thou) hopedest.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>3rd „</td> +<td>hopede</td> +<td>hoped</td> +<td>(he) hoped.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Originally the inflected form may have prevailed over the whole of +the North of England, but have gradually become confined to the +West-Midland dialect.</p> + +<p>II. The next point of resemblance is the use of the verb <span class="smallroman">SCHIN</span> or <span class="smallroman">SCHUN</span> = +schal = shall. It is still preserved in the modern dialect of Lancashire +in combination with the adverb <i>not</i>, as schunnot<a class="tag" +name="tag40" id="tag40" href="#note40">40</a> = shall not. The +following examples will serve to illustrate the use of this curious +<span class="locked">form:—</span></p> + +<table class="inline" summary="two columns of text"> +<tr> +<td> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“—— þay <i>schin</i> knawe sone,</p> +<p>Þere is no bounté in burne lyk Baltaȝar þewes.”<a class="tag" name="tag41" id="tag41" href="#note41">41</a><br> +—(B. l. 1435.)</p> +</div> + +<p class="verse"> +“& þose þat seme arn & swete <i>schyn</i> se his face.”<a class="tag" name="tag42" id="tag42" href="#note42">42</a><br> +—(<i>Ibid.</i> l. 1810.)</p> + +<p class="verse"> +“Pekokys and pertrikys perboylyd <i>schyn</i> be.”<a class="tag" name="tag43" id="tag43" href="#note43">43</a><br> +—(Liber Cure Cocorum, p. 29.)</p> + +<p class="verse"> +<ins class="quotation" title="text has double ““">“For</ins> þer +bene bestes þat <i>schyn</i> be rost.”<a class="tag" name="tag44" id="tag44" href="#note44">44</a><br> +—(<i>Ibid.</i> p. 34.)</p> + +<p class="verse"> +“Alle <i>schun</i> be draȝun, Syr, at þo syde.”<a class="tag" name="tag45" id="tag45" href="#note45">45</a><br> +—(<i>Ibid.</i> p.& 35.)</p> + +<p class="verse"> +“Seche ferlies <i>schyn</i> falle.”<a class="tag" name="tag46" id="tag46" href="#note46">46</a><br> +—(Robson’s Met. Rom. p. 12, l. 4.)</p> +</td> +<td class="footnote"> +<p><a name="note41" id="note41" href="#tag41">41.</a> +They <i>shall</i> know soon there is no goodness in man like +Belshazzar’s virtues.</p> + +<p><a name="note42" id="note42" href="#tag42">42.</a> +And those that seemly are and sweet <i>shall</i> see His (God’s) +face.</p> + +<p><a name="note43" id="note43" href="#tag43">43.</a> +Peacocks and partriches parboiled <i>shall</i> be.</p> + +<p><a name="note44" id="note44" href="#tag44">44.</a> +For þer are beasts þat <i>shall</i> be roasted.</p> + +<p><a name="note45" id="note45" href="#tag45">45.</a> +All <i>shall</i> be drawn (have the entrails removed), Sir, at the +side.</p> + +<p><a name="note46" id="note46" href="#tag46">46.</a> +Such marvels <i>shall</i> happen.</p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>III. Nothing is more common in the present poems than the use of +<i>hit</i> as a genitive = its, which is also found in the Lancashire +romances.</p> + +<table class="inline" summary="two columns of text"> +<tr> +<td> +<span class="pagenum">xxvii</span> +<a name="pagexxvii" id="pagexxvii"> </a> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Forþy þe derk dede see hit is demed ever more,</p> +<p>For <i>hit</i> dedeȝ of deþe duren þere ȝet.”<a class="tag" name="tag47" id="tag47" href="#note47">47</a><br> +—(Patience, l. 1021.)</p> +</div> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>“And, as hit is corsed of kynde & <i>hit</i> coosteȝ als,</p> +<p>Þe clay þat clenges þer-by arn corsyes strong.”<a class="tag" name="tag48" id="tag48" href="#note48">48</a><br> +—(<i>Ibid.</i> l. 1033.)</p> +</div> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>“For I wille speke with the sprete,</p> +<p>And of <i>hit</i> woe wille I wete,</p> +<p>Gif that I may <i>hit</i> bales bete.”<a class="tag" name="tag49" +id="tag49" href="#note49">49</a><br> +—(Robson’s Met. Romances, p. 5, ll. 3, 4.)</p> +</div> +</td> +<td class="footnote"> + +<div class="verse"> +<p><a name="note47" id="note47" href="#tag47">47.</a> +Wherefore the dark dead sea it is called ever more.</p> +<p>For <i>its</i> deeds of death endure there yet.</p> +</div> + +<div class="verse"> +<p><a name="note48" id="note48" href="#tag48">48.</a> +And as it is cursed of kind and <i>its</i> properties also,</p> +<p>The clay that clings thereby are corrosives strong.</p> +</div> + +<div class="verse"> +<p><a name="note49" id="note49" href="#tag49">49.</a> +I will speak with the spirit,</p> +<p>And of <i>its</i> woe will I wit (know),</p> +<p>If that I may <i>its</i> bales (grief) abate.</p> +</div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>The present dialect of Lancashire still retains the uninflected +genitive:—</p> + +<p class="quotation"> +“So I geet up be strike o’ dey, on seet eawt; on went ogreath tilly +welly coom within two mile oth’ teawn; when, os tha dule woud height, o +tit wur stonning ot an ale heawse dur; on me kawve (the dule bore eawt +<i>it</i> een for me) took th’ tit for <i>it</i> mother, on woud +seawk her.”<a class="tag" name="tag50" id="tag50" href="#note50">50</a> (Tummus and Meary).</p> + +<p>Thus much for the dialectical peculiarities of our author. The scanty +material at our disposal must be a sufficient excuse for the very meagre +outline which is here presented to the reader. As our materials +increase, the whole question of Early English dialects will no doubt +receive that attention from English philologists which the subject +really demands, and editors of old English works will then be enabled to +speak with greater confidence as to the language and peculiarities of +their authors. Something might surely be done to help the student by a +proper classification of our manuscripts both as to date and place of +composition. We are sadly in want of unadulterated +<span class="pagenum">xxviii</span> +<a name="pagexxviii" id="pagexxviii"> </a> +specimens of the Northumbrian and East-Midland idioms during the twelfth +and thirteenth centuries. There must surely be some records of these +dialects in our university libraries which would well repay editing.<a +class="tag" name="tag51" id="tag51" href="#note51">51</a></p> + + +<h4><a name="pref_grammar" id="pref_grammar"> +GRAMMATICAL DETAILS.</a></h4> + +<h5><a name="pref_gram_noun" id="pref_gram_noun">I.</a> +Nouns.</h5> + +<p>(1) <i>Number.</i>—The plurals generally end in <i>-es</i> +(<i>eȝ</i>), <i>-s</i>. <i>Yȝen</i> (eyes), <i>trumpen</i> (trumpets), +are the only plurals in <i>-en</i> that occur in the poems. In Robson’s +Metrical Romances we find <i>fellun</i> (fells, hills,), <i>dellun</i> +(dells), and <i>eyren</i> (eggs), in Liber Cure Cocorum. The plurals of +<i>brother</i>, <i>child</i>, <i>cow</i>, <i>doȝter</i> (daughter), are +<i>brether</i>, <i>childer</i>, <i>kuy</i>, and <i>deȝter</i>.</p> + +<p>(2) <i>Gender.</i>—The names of inanimate things are in the +neuter gender, as in modern English. The exceptions are <i>deep</i> +(fem.), <i>gladnes</i> (fem.), and <i>wind</i> (masc.).</p> + +<p>(3) <i>Case.</i>—The genitive singular (masc. and fem.) ends in +<i>-es</i> (<i>-eȝ</i>), <i>-s</i>, but occasionally the inflexion is +dropped; as, “Baltaȝar thewes,” the virtues of Balshazzar.<a class="tag" name="tag52" id="tag52" href="#note52">52</a> If +“<i>honde</i> myȝt,” “<i>honde</i> werk,” “<i>hellen</i> wombe,” are not +compounds, we have instances of the final <i>-e</i> (<i>en</i>) which +formed the genitive case of <i>feminine</i> nouns in the Southern +English of the fourteenth century.</p> + +<p>In the phrases “<i>besten</i> blod” (blood of beasts), +“<i>blonkken</i> bak” (back of horses), “<i>chyldryn</i> fader” (father +of children), “<i>nakeryn</i> noyse” (noise of nakers), we have a trace +of the genitive plural <i>-ene</i> (A.S. <i>-ena</i>).</p> + +<h5><a name="pref_gram_adj" id="pref_gram_adj">II.</a> +Adjectives.</h5> + +<p>(1) <i>Number.</i>—The final <i>e</i>, as a sign of the plural, +is very frequently dropped. <i>Pover</i> (poor), <i>sturn</i> (strong), +make the +<span class="pagenum">xxix</span> +<a name="pagexxix" id="pagexxix"> </a> +plurals <i>poveren</i> and <i>sturnen</i>. In the phrase, “þo syȝteȝ so +<i>quykeȝ</i>”<a class="tag" name="tag53" id="tag53" href="#note53">53</a> (those sights so living), the <i>-eȝ</i> (= <i>-es</i>) +is a mark of the plural, very common in Southern writers of the +fourteenth century, and employed as a plural inflexion of the adjective +until a very late period in our literature.</p> + +<p>The Article exhibits the following forms:</p> + +<table class="paradigm" summary="paradigm"> +<tr class="smaller"> +<th colspan="2">SINGULAR.</th> +<th>PLURAL.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<th>Masc.</th> +<th>Fem.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>The.</td> +<td>tho.<a class="tag" name="tag54" id="tag54" href="#note54">54</a></td> +<td>tho.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p><i>This</i> forms the plural <i>thise</i> and <i>thes</i> +(<i>these</i>). <i>That</i> is always used as a demonstrative, and never +as the neuter of the article; its plural is <i>thos</i> (those).<a class="tag" name="tag55" id="tag55" href="#note55">55</a> The older +form, <i>theos</i> = <i>these</i>, shows that the <i>e</i> is not a sign +of the plural, as many English grammarians have asserted.</p> + +<p>(2) <i>Degrees of Comparison.</i>—The comparative degree ends +in <i>-er</i>, and the superlative in <i>-est</i>.</p> + +<p>Adjectives and adverbs terminating in the syllable <i>-lyche</i> form +the comparative in <i>-loker</i> and the superlative in <i>-lokest</i>; +as, positive <i>uglyche</i> (= ugly), comp. <i>ugloker</i>, superl. +<i>uglokest</i>. The long vowel of the positive is often shortened in +the comp. and superl., as in the modern English <i>late</i>, +<i>latter</i>, <i>last</i>.</p> + +<table class="paradigm" summary="paradigm"> +<tr> +<th>Positive.</th> +<th>Comparative.</th> +<th>Superlative.</th> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Brade (broad),</td> +<td>bradder,</td> +<td>braddest.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Dere (dear),</td> +<td>derrer,</td> +<td>derrest.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Lyke (like),</td> +<td>lykker,</td> +<td>lykkest.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Swete (sweet),</td> +<td>swetter,</td> +<td>swettest.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Wayke (weak),</td> +<td>wakker,</td> +<td>wakkest.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Wode (mad),</td> +<td>wodder,</td> +<td>woddest.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>The following irregular forms are occasionally met with:</p> + +<table class="paradigm" summary="paradigm"> +<tr> +<th>Positive.</th> +<th>Comparative.</th> +<th>Superlative.</th> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Fer (far),</td> +<td>ferre (fyrre),</td> +<td>ferrest.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Heȝe (high),</td> +<td>herre,</td> +<td>heȝest (hest).</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<span class="pagenum">xxx</span> +<a name="pagexxx" id="pagexxx"> </a> +Neȝe (nigh, near)</td> +<td>nerre,</td> +<td>nerrest (nest).</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Sare (sore),</td> +<td>sarre,</td> +<td>sarrest.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Forme (first),</td> +<td></td> +<td>formast.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Mikelle (great),</td> +<td>mo</td> +<td>most.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Yvel, ill (bad),</td> +<td>wers (worre),</td> +<td>werst.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Numerals.</i>—<i>Twinne</i> and <i>thrinne</i> occur for two +and three. The ordinal numbers <span class="locked">are—</span></p> + +<table class="paradigm" summary="paradigm"> +<tr> +<td colspan="2">first (fyrste), the forme,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2">secunde, that other, tother,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="bracket" style="width: 3em"> +thryd,<br> +thrydde,</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2">furþe,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2">fyfþe,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2">sexte,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2">sevenþe,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2">aȝtþe,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2">nente,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +tenþe,<br> +tyþe.</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>The Northumbrian numerals corresponding to <i>sevenþe</i>, +<i>aȝtþe</i>, <i>nente</i>, <i>tenþe</i>, are <i>sevend</i>, +<i>aghtend</i>, <i>neghend</i>, <i>tend</i>. The Southern forms end in +<i>-the</i>, as <i>sevenþe</i>, <i>eiȝteoþe</i>, <i>nyþe</i>, +<i>teoþe</i> (<i>tyþe</i>).</p> + +<h5><a name="pref_gram_pron" id="pref_gram_pron">III.</a> +Pronouns.</h5> + +<p>In the following poems we find the pronoun <i>ho</i>, she, still +keeping its ground against the Northumbrian <i>scho</i>.<a class="tag" +name="tag56" id="tag56" href="#note56">56</a> <i>Ho</i> is +identical with the modern Lancashire <i>hoo</i> (or <i>huh</i> as it is +sometimes written), which in some parts of England has nearly the same +pronunciation as the accusative <i>her</i>.</p> + +<p>The Northumbrian <i>thay</i> (they) has displaced the older Midland +<i>he</i>, corresponding to the Southern pronoun <i>hii</i>, <i>hi</i> +(A.S. <ins class="correction" title=") missing"><i>hí</i>)</ins>. +<i>Hores</i> and <i>thayreȝ</i> (theirs) occasionally occur for +<i>here</i>.<a class="tag" name="tag57" id="tag57" href="#note57">57</a> The genitives in <i>-es</i>, due no doubt to +Scandinavian influence, are very common in Northumbrian writers of the +fourteenth century, but are never found in any Southern work of the same +period.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">xxxi</span> +<a name="pagexxxi" id="pagexxxi"> </a> + +<p><i>Hit</i> is frequently employed as an indefinite pronoun of all +genders, and is plural as well as singular. It is, as has been +previously shown, uninflected in the genitive or possessive case.</p> + +<p><i>Me</i> in Southern writers is used as an indefinite pronoun of the +<i>third</i> person, and represents our <i>one</i>, but in the present +poems it is of all persons, and seems to be placed in apposition with +the subject of the sentence corresponding to our use of myself, thyself, +himself, etc.; as,</p> + +<p class="quotation center"> +“<i>He</i> swenges <i>me</i> þys,” etc. = He himself sends this, etc.<a +class="tag" name="tag58" id="tag58" href="#note58">58</a></p> + +<p class="quotation center"> +“Now sweȝe <i>me</i> þider swyftly” = Now go (thou) thyself thither +swiftly.<a class="tag" name="tag59" id="tag59" href="#note59">59</a></p> +<p class="quotation center"> +“<i>He</i> meteȝ <i>me</i> þis good man” = He himself meets this good +man.<a class="tag" name="tag60" id="tag60" href="#note60">60</a></p> + +<p>Sturzen-Becker (“Some Notes on the leading Grammatical +Characteristics of the Principal Early English Dialects, Copenhagen, +1868”) thinks that I have been led astray with regard to this use of +<i>me</i>, which he says is nothing more than the <i>dativus +ethicus</i>.</p> + +<p>The <i>me</i> in these examples may be merely an expletive, having +arisen out of the general use of the dative ethicus, but the context +does not satisfy me that it has the force of a dative. Dr. Guest +(Proceedings of Philolog. Soc., vol. i. p. 151-153, 1842-1844) has +discussed this construction at some length, and he carefully +distinguishes the dative of the 1st person from the indeterminate (or +indefinite) pronoun <i>me</i> = Fr. one. He says that in Old Frisian the +indefinite pronoun has two forms, <i>min</i> and <i>me</i>, “the latter +of which seems to be always used as a suffix to the verb, as +<i>momme</i>, one may; <i>somme</i>, one should,” etc. <ins class="quotation" title="text has open quote">The</ins> same construction +was occasionally used in our own language, and it no doubt gave rise to +those curious idioms which are noticed by Pegge in his “Anecdotes of the +Eng. Lang.,” p. 217. This writer, whose evidence to a <i>fact</i> +we may avail ourselves of, whatever we think of his criticism or his +scholarship, quotes the following as forms of speech then prevalent +among the +<span class="pagenum">xxxii</span> +<a name="pagexxxii" id="pagexxxii"> </a> +Londoners: “and so says <i>me</i> I;” “well what does <i>me</i> I;” “so +says <i>me</i> she;” “then away goes <i>me</i> he;” “what does <i>me</i> +they?” Here it is obvious that <i>me</i> is the indeterminate pronoun, +and represents the <i>subject</i>, while the personal pronoun is put in +apposition to it, so that “says <i>me</i> I” is equivalent to “<i>one +says, that is I</i>,”<a class="tag" name="tag61" id="tag61" href="#note61">61</a>. These idioms are not unknown to our literature.</p> + +<p class="quotation"> +(1) ‘But as he was by diverse principall young gentlemen, to his no +small glorie, lifted up on horseback, <i>comes me a page</i> of +Amphialus, etc.’ Pembr. Arcad. B. iii.</p> + +<p>Other idioms, which have generally been confounded with those last +mentioned, have the indeterminate pronoun preceded by a nominative +absolute.</p> + +<p class="quotation"> +(2) ‘<i>I</i>, having been acquainted with the smell before, knew it was +Crab, and—<i>goes me</i> to the fellow, who whips the dogs,’ etc. +Two Gent. of Verona, 4. 4.</p> + +<p class="quotation"> +(3) ‘<i>He thrusts me</i> himself into the company of three or four +gentlemanlike dogs under the Duke’s Table.’ <i>Ib.</i> See B. Jons. +Ev. Man in his Humour, 3, 1.</p> + +<p>Johnson considers the <i>me</i> in examples 2 and 3 to be the oblique +case of the first pers. pron., and treats it as “a ludicrous expletive.” +It is difficult to say how he would have parsed example 2 on such a +hypothesis.</p> + +<p>With these instances of the use of <i>me</i> (indef. or reflexive), +the reader may compare the following:</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>(1) “Suche a touche in that tyde, <i>he</i> taȝte (Gauan) hym in +tene</p> +<p>And <i>gurdes me</i>, Sir Gallerun, evyn grovelonges on grounde.”<br> +(The Anturs of Arther at the Tarnewathelan, p. 22.)</p> +</div> + +<p class="verse"> +(2) There at the dore he (the Fox) cast <i>me</i> downe hys pack.<br> +Spenser’s Shep. Cal. ed. Morris, p. 460, l. 243.</p> + +<p>Cp. <i>Cut me</i>, i. Hen. IV. Act 4. Sc. 4; <i>steps me</i>, Ib. +Act 4, Sc. 3; <i>comes me, runs me</i><ins class="correction" title="text has . for ,">, </ins>Ib. Act 3, +Sc. 1.</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>(3) “Juno enraged, and fretting thus,</p> +<p><i>Runs me</i> unto one Æolus.”<br> +(Virgile Travestie, 1664.)</p> +</div> + +<span class="pagenum">xxxiii</span> +<a name="pagexxxiii" id="pagexxxiii"> </a> + +<p>The indefinite <i>me</i> = one is not uncommon in Elizabethan +writers. Cf. “<i>touch me</i> his hat;” “<i>touch me</i> hir with a pint +of sack,” etc.; “and <i>stop me</i> his dice you are a villaine” +(Lodge’s Wit’s Miserie).</p> + +<p>The following table exhibits the declension of the personal and +relative <span class="locked">pronouns:—</span></p> + +<table class="paradigm" summary="paradigm"> +<tr> +<th class="smaller" colspan="7">SINGULAR.</th> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nom.</td> +<td>I,</td> +<td colspan="2">thou,</td> +<td><ins class="correction" title=", missing">he,</ins></td> +<td>ho,</td> +<td>hit.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Gen.</td> +<td>My, myn,</td> +<td colspan="2">thy, thyn,</td> +<td>his,</td> +<td>hir, her,</td> +<td>hit.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Dat.</td> +<td>Me,</td> +<td colspan="2">the,</td> +<td>him,</td> +<td>hir, her,</td> +<td>hit.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Acc.</td> +<td>Me,</td> +<td colspan="2">the,</td> +<td>him,</td> +<td>hir, her,</td> +<td>hit.</td> +</tr> + +<tr class="header"> +<th class="smaller" colspan="7">PLURAL.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Nom.</td> +<td colspan="2">We,</td> +<td>ȝe,</td> +<td colspan="2">thay,</td> +<td>hit.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Gen.</td> +<td colspan="2">Oure,</td> +<td>yor, youre,</td> +<td colspan="2">her (here), hor,</td> +<td>hit.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Dat.</td> +<td colspan="2">Vus (= uus),</td> +<td>yow, you,</td> +<td colspan="2">hem, hom,</td> +<td>hit.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Acc.</td> +<td colspan="2">Vus (= uus),</td> +<td>yow, you,</td> +<td colspan="2">hem, hom,</td> +<td>hit.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="7"> </td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Nom.</td> +<td colspan="3">Who (quo).</td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Gen.</td> +<td colspan="3">Whose (quos).</td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="middle">Dat.</td> +<td class="bracket" colspan="2"> +Whom,<br> +Wham</td> +<td class="middle">(quom).</td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="middle">Acc.</td> +<td class="bracket" colspan="2"> +Whom,<br> +Wham</td> +<td class="middle">(quom).</td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<h5><a name="pref_gram_verb" id="pref_gram_verb">IV.</a> +Verbs.</h5> + +<p><i>Infinitive Mood.</i>—The <i>-en</i> of the infinitive is +frequently dropped, without even a final <i>-e</i> to mark its omission. +Infinitives in <i>-y</i>, as <i>louy</i> (love), <i>schony</i> (shun), +<i>spotty</i> (spot, defile), <i>styry</i> (stir), <i>wony</i> (dwell), +occasionally occur, and probably owe their appearance to the author’s +acquaintance with Southern literature.<a class="tag" name="tag62" id="tag62" href="#note62">62</a></p> + +<p><i>Indicative Mood.</i>—The final <i>e</i> often disappears in +the first and third persons of the preterite tense, as I <i>loved</i>, +he <i>loved</i>, instead of I <i>lovede</i>, he <i>lovede</i>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">xxxiv</span> +<a name="pagexxxiv" id="pagexxxiv"> </a> + +<p>The <i>-en</i> in the plural of the present and preterite tenses is +frequently dropped. The pl. present in <i>-eȝ</i> occasionally +occurs.</p> + +<p><i>Imperative Mood.</i>—The imperative plural ends in +<i>-es</i> (<i>eȝ</i>), and not in <i>-eth</i> as in the Southern and +ordinary Midland dialects.</p> + +<p><i>Participles.</i>—The active or imperfect participle ends in +<i>-ande</i><a class="tag" name="tag63" id="tag63" href="#note63">63</a> and never in <i>-ing</i>.</p> + +<p>The participle passive or perfect of regular verbs terminates in +<i>-ed</i>; of irregular verbs in <i>-en</i>. Occasionally we find the +<i>n</i> disappearing, as <i>bigonn-e</i>, <i>fund-e</i>, <i>runn-e</i>, +<i>wonn-e</i>, where perhaps it is represented by the final +<i>-e</i>.</p> + +<p>The prefix <i>-i</i> or <i>-y</i> (A.S. <i>-ge</i>) occurs twice only +in the poems, in <i>i-chose</i> (chosen), and <i>i-brad</i> (extended); +but, while common enough in the Southern and Midland dialects, it seems +to be wholly unknown to the Northumbrian speech.</p> + +<p>The verb in the West-Midland dialect is conjugated according to the +following <span class="locked">model:—</span></p> + +<h5>I.—Conjugation of Regular Verbs.</h5> + +<table class="paradigm" summary="paradigm"> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> +<h6>INDICATIVE MOOD.</h6> +<p class="center smallest"> +PRESENT TENSE.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th>Singular.</th> +<th>Plural.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(I) hope,</td> +<td>(We) hopen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(Thou) hopes,</td> +<td>(Ȝe) hopen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(He) hopes,</td> +<td>(Thay) hopen.</td> +</tr> +<tr class="header"> +<td class="center smallest" colspan="2"> +PRETERITE TENSE<ins class="correction" title=". missing">. </ins></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(I) hopede<a class="tag" name="tag64" id="tag64" href="#note64">64</a> (hoped),</td> +<td>(We) hopeden<ins class="correction" title="text has , for .">. </ins></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(Thou) hopedes (hoped),</td> +<td>(Ȝe) hopeden.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(He) hopede<a class="tag" href="#note64">64</a> (hoped),</td> +<td>(Thay) hopeden.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> +<h6>IMPERATIVE MOOD.</h6> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Hope (thou).</td> +<td>Hopes (ȝe).</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> +<span class="pagenum">xxxv</span> +<a name="pagexxxv" id="pagexxxv"> </a> +<h6>PARTICIPLES.</h6> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th>Imperfect or Active.</th> +<th>Perfect or Passive.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="center">Hopande.</td> +<td class="center">Hoped.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5>II.—Conjugation of Irregular Verbs.</h5> + +<table class="paradigm" summary="paradigm"> +<tr> +<td colspan="4"> +<h6>INDICATIVE MOOD.</h6> +<p class="center smallest"> +PRESENT TENSE.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th colspan="4">Singular.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(I) kerve,</td> +<td>renne,</td> +<td>smite,</td> +<td>stonde.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(Thou) kerves,</td> +<td>rennes,</td> +<td>smites,</td> +<td>stondes.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(He) kerves,</td> +<td>rennes,</td> +<td>smites,</td> +<td>stondes.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<th colspan="4">Plural.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(We) kerven,</td> +<td>rennen,</td> +<td>smiten,</td> +<td>stonden.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(Ȝe) „</td> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td class="center">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(Thay) „</td> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td class="center">„</td> +</tr> +<tr class="header"> +<td class="center smallest" colspan="4"> +PRETERITE TENSE.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th colspan="4">Singular.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(I) carf,</td> +<td>ran,</td> +<td>smot,</td> +<td>stod.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(Thou) carve,</td> +<td>ranne,</td> +<td>smote,</td> +<td>stode.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(He) carf,</td> +<td>ran,</td> +<td>smot,</td> +<td>stod.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Very frequently the <i>e</i> in the second person is dropped,<a class="tag" name="tag65" id="tag65" href="#note65">65</a> as in the +Northumbrian dialect, but we never meet with such forms as carves +(= carvedest), rannes (= ranst), smotes (= smotest), +etc.</p> + +<table class="paradigm" summary="paradigm"> +<tr> +<th colspan="4">Plural.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(We) corven,</td> +<td>runnen,</td> +<td>smiten,</td> +<td>stonden.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(Ȝe) „</td> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td class="center">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(Thay) „</td> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td class="center">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="4"> +<h6>PASSIVE PARTICIPLES.</h6> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Corven,</td> +<td>runnen,</td> +<td>smiten,</td> +<td>stonden.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>The Northumbrian dialect does not preserve any separate form for the +preterite plural, and this distinction is not always observed in the +present poems.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">xxxvi</span> +<a name="pagexxxvi" id="pagexxxvi"> </a> + +<h5>Table of Verbs.</h5> + +<table class="paradigm" summary="paradigm"> +<tr> +<td colspan="4"> +<h6>A.—SIMPLE ORDER.</h6> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th>Present.</th> +<th>Preterite.</th> +<th>Passive Participle.</th> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="class">Class I.</td> +<td>Hate,</td> +<td>hatede,</td> +<td>hated.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="class">Class II. (<i>a</i>)</td> +<td>Bede (offer),</td> +<td>bedde,</td> +<td>bed.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Dype (dip),</td> +<td>dypte,</td> +<td>dypt.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Kythe (show),</td> +<td>kydde,</td> +<td>kyd.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Lende,</td> +<td>lende,</td> +<td>lent.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Rende,</td> +<td>rende,</td> +<td>rent.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Sende,</td> +<td>sende,</td> +<td>sent.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="class right">(<i>b</i>)</td> +<td>Clothe,</td> +<td>cladde,</td> +<td>clad.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Dele (deal),</td> +<td>dalte,</td> +<td>dalt.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Lede,</td> +<td>ladde,</td> +<td>lad.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Leve,</td> +<td>lafte,</td> +<td>laft.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Rede (advise),</td> +<td>radde,</td> +<td>rad.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Sprede (spread),</td> +<td>spradde,</td> +<td>sprad.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Swelt (die),</td> +<td>swalte,</td> +<td>——</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Swette (sweat),</td> +<td>swatte,</td> +<td>——</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Threte (threaten),</td> +<td>thratte,</td> +<td>thrat.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="class">Class III.</td> +<td>Byye (buy),</td> +<td>boȝte,</td> +<td>boȝt</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Bringe,</td> +<td>broȝte,</td> +<td>broȝt.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Cache (catch),</td> +<td>caȝte,</td> +<td>caȝt.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Lache (seize),</td> +<td>laȝte,</td> +<td>laȝt.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Reche (reck),</td> +<td>roȝte,</td> +<td>——</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Reche (reach),</td> +<td>raȝte,</td> +<td>——</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Selle,</td> +<td>solde,</td> +<td>sold.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Worche (work),</td> +<td>wroȝte,</td> +<td>wroȝt.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="4"> +<h6>B.—COMPLEX ORDER.</h6> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="center" colspan="4"> +<span class="smaller smallcaps">Division I.</span> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th>Present.</th> +<th>Preterite.</th> +<th>Passive Participle.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="class">Class I.</td> +<td>Bere (bear),</td> +<td>ber,</td> +<td>born.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Bete (beat),</td> +<td>bet,</td> +<td>beten.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<span class="pagenum">xxxvii</span> +<a name="pagexxxvii" id="pagexxxvii"> </a> +</td> +<td>Breke (break),</td> +<td>brek,</td> +<td>broken.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Chese (choose),</td> +<td>ches (chos),</td> +<td>chosen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Cleve (cleave),</td> +<td>clef,</td> +<td>cloven.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Ete (eat),</td> +<td>ette (<i>for</i> et),</td> +<td>eten.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Forȝete (forget),</td> +<td>forȝet,</td> +<td>forȝeten.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Frese (freeze),</td> +<td>fres,</td> +<td>frosen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Gife (give),</td> +<td>gef,</td> +<td>given, geven.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Heve (heave),</td> +<td>hef,</td> +<td>hoven.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Ligge (lie),</td> +<td>leȝ,</td> +<td>leyen, leȝen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Lepe (leap),</td> +<td>lep,</td> +<td>lopen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td> +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket">Nemme<br> +Nimme</td> +<td class="middle"> (take),</td> +</tr> +</table> +</td> +<td class="middle">nem (nam),</td> +<td class="middle">nomen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Schere (shear),</td> +<td>scher,</td> +<td>schorn.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Slepe (sleep),</td> +<td>slep,</td> +<td>slepen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Speke (speak),</td> +<td>spek,</td> +<td>spoken.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Stele (steal),</td> +<td>stel,</td> +<td>stolen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Swere (swear),</td> +<td>swer,</td> +<td>sworen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Wepe (weep),</td> +<td>wep,</td> +<td>wopen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Wreke (avenge<ins class="correction" title=", missing">), +</ins></td> +<td>wrek,</td> +<td>wroken.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="class">Class II.</td> +<td>Falle,</td> +<td>fell,</td> +<td>fallen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Fonge (take),</td> +<td>feng,</td> +<td>fongen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Growe,</td> +<td>grew,</td> +<td>growen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Hange, honge,</td> +<td>heng,</td> +<td>hangen, hongen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Knowe, knawe,</td> +<td>knew,</td> +<td>knawen, knowen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Schape (make),</td> +<td>schep,</td> +<td>schapen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Walke,</td> +<td>welk,</td> +<td>walken.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Wasche,</td> +<td>wesch,</td> +<td>waschen.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="class">Class III.</td> +<td>Drawe, draȝe,</td> +<td>droȝ,</td> +<td>drawen,<ins class="correction" title=". missing">. </ins></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Fare (go),</td> +<td>for,</td> +<td>faren.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Laȝe (laugh),</td> +<td>loȝ,</td> +<td>laȝen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Stande, stonde,</td> +<td>stod,</td> +<td>standen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Slaye,</td> +<td>slow, slew,</td> +<td>slayn.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<span class="pagenum">xxxviii</span> +<a name="pagexxxviii" id="pagexxxviii"> </a> +</td> +<td>Take,</td> +<td>tok,</td> +<td>tane, tone.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Wake,</td> +<td>wok,</td> +<td>waken.</td> +</tr> + +<tr class="header"> +<td class="center" colspan="4"> +<span class="smaller smallcaps">Division II.</span> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th>Present.</th> +<th>Preterite.</th> +<th>Passive Participle.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="class">Class I.</td> +<td>Biginne,</td> +<td>bigon,</td> +<td>bigonnen, bigunnen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Breste,</td> +<td>brast, borst,</td> +<td>brusten, bursten.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Climbe,</td> +<td>clamb, clomb,</td> +<td>clumben.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Drinke,</td> +<td>dronk, drank,</td> +<td>drunken, dronken.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Finde,</td> +<td>fand, fond,</td> +<td>funden.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Fiȝte,</td> +<td>faȝt, feȝt,</td> +<td>foȝten.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Helpe,</td> +<td>halp,</td> +<td>holpen<ins class="correction" title="text has , for .">. </ins></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Kerve (cut),</td> +<td>carf,</td> +<td>corven.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Melte,</td> +<td>malt,</td> +<td>molten.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Renne (run),</td> +<td>ran,</td> +<td>runnen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Ringe,</td> +<td>rong,</td> +<td>rungen, rongen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Singe,</td> +<td>song, sang,</td> +<td>sungen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Steke,</td> +<td>stac,</td> +<td>stoken.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Sterve (die),</td> +<td>starf,</td> +<td><ins class="correction" title="text reads ‘storveu’">storven</ins>.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Werpe (throw),</td> +<td>warp,</td> +<td>worpen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Win,</td> +<td>wan, won,</td> +<td>wonnen, wunnen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Ȝelde (yield),</td> +<td>ȝald,</td> +<td>ȝolden.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="class">Class II.</td> +<td>Bide (abide),</td> +<td>bod,</td> +<td>biden.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Bite,</td> +<td>bot,</td> +<td>biten.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Drive,</td> +<td>drof,</td> +<td>driven.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Fine (cease),</td> +<td>fon,</td> +<td>——</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Glide,</td> +<td>glod,</td> +<td>gliden.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Ride,</td> +<td>rod,</td> +<td>riden.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Rise,</td> +<td>ros,</td> +<td>risen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Schine,</td> +<td>schon,</td> +<td>——</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Slide,</td> +<td>slod,</td> +<td>sliden.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Smite,</td> +<td>smot,</td> +<td>smiten.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Trine (go),</td> +<td>tron,</td> +<td>——</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="class"> +<span class="pagenum">xxxix</span> +<a name="pagexxxix" id="pagexxxix"> </a> +Class III.</td> +<td>Fly,</td> +<td>fleȝ, flegh, flaȝ,</td> +<td>flowen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>See,</td> +<td>seȝ, segh, syȝ,</td> +<td>seen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Stiȝe, steȝe,</td> +<td>steȝ</td> +<td>——</td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<table class="paradigm" summary="paradigm"> +<tr class="header"> +<td class="center smallcaps" colspan="2"> +Anomalous Verbs. +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Can,</td> +<td>pret. couthe.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Dare,</td> +<td> „ dorste.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>May,</td> +<td> „ miȝte.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Mot,</td> +<td> „ moste.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Oȝe (owe),</td> +<td> „ oȝte.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Schal,</td> +<td> „ scholde, schulde<ins class="correction" title=". missing">. </ins></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Thar,</td> +<td> „ thurte.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Wote,</td> +<td> „ wiste.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Wille,</td> +<td> „ wolde.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Schal</i> (shall) in the second person singular is <i>schal</i> or +<i>schalt</i>; so, too, we occasionally find <i>wyl</i> for +<i>wylt</i>.</p> + +<p>The present plural of <i>schal</i> is <i>schul</i>, <i>schulen</i>, +or <i>schyn</i>.</p> + +<p>The verb <i>to be</i> is thus conjugated:—</p> + +<table class="paradigm" summary="paradigm"> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> +<h6>INDICATIVE MOOD.</h6> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="center smallest"> +PRESENT TENSE.</td> +<td class="center smallest"> +PAST TENSE.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th colspan="2"> +Singular.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(I) am.</td> +<td>(I) was, watȝ.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(Thou) art.</td> +<td>(Thou) was, watȝ.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(He) is, bes, betȝ.</td> +<td>(He) was, watȝ.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th colspan="2"> +Plural.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(We) arn, are, ar.</td> +<td>(We) wern, were.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(Ȝe) arn, are, ar.</td> +<td>(Ȝe) wern, were.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(Thay) arn, are, ar.</td> +<td>(Thay) wern, were.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>The verbs <i>be</i>, <i>have</i>, <i>wille</i>, have negative forms; +as, <i>nam</i> = am not; <i>nar</i> = are not; <i>nas</i> = was not; +<i>naf</i> = have not; <i>nade</i> = had not; <i>nyl</i> = will not.</p> + +<p>The following contractions are occasionally met with: <i>bos</i> = +behoves; <i>byhod</i> = behoved; <i>ha</i> = have; <i>ma</i> = make; +<i>man</i> = make (pl.) <i>matȝ</i> (<i>mas</i>) = makes; <i>ta</i> = +take; <i>tatȝ</i> (= <i>tas</i>) = takes; <i>tane</i>, <i>tone</i> = +taken.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">xl</span> +<a name="pagexl" id="pagexl"> </a> + +<h5><a name="pref_gram_adv" id="pref_gram_adv">V.</a> +Adverbs.</h5> + +<p><ins class="correction" title="text reads ‘Ths’">The</ins> Norse +forms <i>hethen</i>, <i>quethen</i> (<i>whethen</i>),<a class="tag" +name="tag66" id="tag66" href="#note66">66</a> and <i>thethen</i>, +seem to have been known to the West-Midland dialect as well as the Saxon +forms <i>hence</i> (<i>hennes</i>, <i>henne</i>), <i>whence</i> +(<i>whennes</i>), <i>thence</i> <ins class="correction" title="( missing">(<i>thennes</i>)</ins>, <ins class="correction" title="text has italic {t} for .">etc.</ins><a class="tag" name="endtagA" id="endtagA" href="#endnoteA">A</a> The adverbs <i>in-blande</i> +(together), <i>in-lyche</i> (alike), <i>in-mydde</i> (amidst), +<i>in-monge</i> (amongst), are due, perhaps, to Scandinavian +influence.</p> + + +<h5><a name="pref_gram_prep" id="pref_gram_prep">VI.</a> +Prepositions.</h5> + +<p>The preposition <i>from</i> never occurs in the following poems; it +is replaced by <i>fro</i>, <i>fra</i> (Northumbrian), O.N. +<i>frá</i>.</p> + + +<h5><a name="pref_gram_conj" id="pref_gram_conj">VII.</a> +Conjunctions.</h5> + +<p>The conjunction <i>if</i> takes a negative form; as, <i>nif</i> = if +not, unless.</p> + + +<span class="pagenum">xli</span> +<a name="pagexli" id="pagexli"> </a> +<h3><a name="manuscript" id="manuscript"> +DESCRIPTION OF THE MANUSCRIPT<br> +USED IN THE PRESENT VOLUME.</a><a class="tag" name="tag67" id="tag67" href="#note67">67</a></h3> + +<hr class="micro"> + +<p><span class="smallcaps">Cotton MS. Nero A. x.</span> A small quarto +volume, consisting of three different MSS. bound together, which +originally had no connection with each other. Prefixed is an imperfect +list of contents in the hand-writing of James, the Bodley Librarian.</p> + +<p>The first portion consists of a panegyrical oration in Latin by +Justus de Justis, on John Chedworth, archdeacon of Lincoln, dated at +Verona 16th July, 1468. It occupies thirty-six folios, written on +vellum, and is the original copy presented by the author.</p> + +<p>The second portion is that we are more immediately concerned with. It +is described by James as “<i>Vetus poema Anglicanum, in quo sub insomnii +figmento multa ad religionem et mores spectantia explicantur</i>,” and +this account, with some slight changes, is adopted by Smith and Planta, +in their catalogues; both of whom assign it to the fifteenth century. It +will appear, by what follows, that no less than four distinct poems have +been confounded together by these writers.</p> + +<p>This portion of the volume extends from fol. 37 to fol. 126, +inclusive, and is written by one and the same hand, in a small, sharp, +irregular character, which is often, from the paleness of the ink, and +the contractions used, difficult to read. There are no titles or +rubrics, but the divisions are marked by large initial letters of blue, +flourished with red, and several illuminations, coarsely executed, serve +by way of illustration, each of which occupies a page.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +1. Four of these are prefixed to the first poem. In the first the Author +is represented slumbering in a meadow, by the side of a streamlet, clad +in a long red gown, having falling sleeves, turned up with white, and a +blue hood attached round the neck.<br> + +<span class="pagenum">xlii</span> +<a name="pagexlii" id="pagexlii"> </a> +In the second the same person appears, drawn on a larger scale, and +standing by the stream. In the third he occurs nearly in the same +position, with his hands raised, and on the opposite side a lady dressed +in white, in the costume of Richard the Second’s and Henry the Fourth’s +time, buttoned tight up to the neck, with long hanging sleeves. Her hair +is plaited on each side, and on her head is a crown. In the fourth we +see the author kneeling by the water, and beyond the stream is depicted +a castle or palace, on the embattled wall of which appears the same +lady, with her arm extended towards him.</p> + +<p>The poem commences on fol. 39, and consists of one hundred and one +twelve-line stanzas,<a class="tag" name="tag68" id="tag68" href="#note68">68</a> every five of which conclude with the same line, and +are connected by the iteration of a leading expression. It concludes on +fol. 55<i>b</i>.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +2. Then follow two more illuminations; in the first of which Noah and +his family are represented in the ark; in the second the prophet Daniel +expounding the writing on the wall to the affrighted Belshazzar and his +queen. These serve as illustrations to the second poem, which begins at +fol. 57, and is written in long alliterative lines. It concludes on fol. +82.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +3. Two illuminations precede, as before; one of which represents the +sailors throwing the prophet Jonas into the sea, the other depicts the +prophet in the attitude of preaching to the people of Nineveh. The poem +is in the same metre as the last, and commences at fol. 83.</p> + +<p>It is occupied wholly with the story of Jonas, as applicable to the +praise of meekness and patience; and ends on fol. 90.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +4. The Romance intitled <i>Sir Gawayne and the Grene Knyȝt</i> follows, +fol. 91. Prefixed is an illumination of a headless knight on horseback, +carrying his head by its hair in his right hand, and looking benignly at +an odd-eyed bill-man before him; while from a raised structure above, +a king armed with a knife, his queen, an attendant with a sabre, +and another bill-man scowling looks on. Here and elsewhere the only +colours used are green, red, blue, and yellow. It ends on fol. +124<i>b.</i>, and at +<span class="pagenum">xliii</span> +<a name="pagexliii" id="pagexliii"> </a> +the conclusion, in a later hand, is written “Hony soit q̃ mal penc,” +which may, perhaps, allude to the illumination on the opposite page, +fol. 125, representing the stolen interview between the wife of the +Grene Knyȝt and Sir Gawayne. Above the lady’s head is written:</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>Mi mind is mukel on on, þ<i>a</i>t wil me noȝt amende,</p> +<p>Sum time was trewe as ston, & fro schame couþ<i>e</i> hir +defende.</p> +</div> + +<p>It does not appear very clearly how these lines apply to the +painting. Two additional illuminations follow; in the first of which +Gawayne is seen approaching the <i>Grene Chapel</i>, whilst his enemy +appears above, wielding his huge axe; and in the second Sir Gawayne, +fully equipped in armour, is represented in the presence of king Arthur +and queen Guenever, after his return to the court.</p> + +<p>The third and concluding portion of the Cotton volume extends from +fol. 127 to fol. 140<i>b</i>, inclusive, and consists of theological +excerpts, in Latin, written in a hand of the end of the thirteenth +century. At the conclusion is added <i>Epitaphium de Ranulfo, abbate +Ramesiensi</i>, who was abbot from the year 1231 to 1253, and who is +erroneously called <i>Ralph</i> in the <i>Monasticon</i>, vol. ii. +p. 548, new ed.</p> + + +<span class="pagenum">xliv</span> +<a name="pagexliv" id="pagexliv"> </a> +<h3><a name="contrac" id="contrac"> +CONTRACTIONS USED IN THE GLOSSARY.</a></h3> + +<hr class="micro"> + +<p>The letters A. B. C. refer severally to the poems, entitled by me, +“The Pearl,” “Cleanness,” and “Patience.”</p> + +<table class="paradigm" summary="paradigm"> +<tr> +<td>A.S.</td> +<td>Anglo-Saxon.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Dan.</td> +<td>Danish.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Du.</td> +<td>Dutch.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>E.</td> +<td>English.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>O.E.</td> +<td>Old English.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Prov.E.</td> +<td>Provincial English.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="bracket">N.Prov.E.<br> +<ins class="correction" title="this abbreviation is never used">N.P.E.</ins></td> +<td class="middle">North Provincial English.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Fr.</td> +<td>French.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>O.Fr.</td> +<td>Old French.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Prov. Fr.</td> +<td>Provincial French.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Fris.</td> +<td>Frisian.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>G. Doug.</td> +<td><p>Gawin Douglas’s Æneid, published by the Bannatyne Club, +2 vols.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><ins class="correction" title="the abbreviations O.H.G. and M.H.G. are not listed">Ger.</ins></td> +<td>German.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Goth.</td> +<td>Gothic.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Icel.</td> +<td>Icelandic.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Jam.</td> +<td><p>Jamieson’s Scottish Dictionary.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>K. Alex.</td> +<td><p>King Alexander, Romance of (Ed. Stevenson).</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Met. Hom.</td> +<td><p>Metrical Homilies (Ed. Small).</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>O.N.</td> +<td>Old Norse.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>O.S.</td> +<td>Old Saxon.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><ins class="correction" title="text reads ‘Prampt.’">Prompt.</ins> Parv. </td> +<td><p>Promptorium Parvulorum (Ed. Way).</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Sc.</td> +<td>Scotch.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>O.Sc.</td> +<td>Old Scotch.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>S.Sax.</td> +<td>Semi-Saxon.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Sw.</td> +<td>Swedish.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>O.Sw.</td> +<td>Old Swedish.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Town. Myst.</td> +<td>Townley Mysteries.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>T. B.</td> +<td><p>Troy Book (Ed. Donaldson).</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p class="mynote"> +Gaps in numbering represent notes that were shown inline, with or +without visible numbers.</p> + +<p><a name="note1" id="note1" href="#tag1">1.</a> +Edited by Sir Frederic Madden for the Bannatyne Club, under the title of +“Syr Gawayn and the Grene Knyȝt,” and by me for the Early English Text +Soc., 1865.</p> + +<p><a name="note2" id="note2" href="#tag2">2.</a> +Wyntown nowhere asserts that Huchowne is a Scotchman.</p> + +<p><a name="note3" id="note3" href="#tag3">3.</a> +Edited for E. E. T. Soc. by Rev. G. G. Perry, M.A.</p> + +<p><a name="note4" id="note4" href="#tag4">4.</a> +This is evident from the following particulars:—</p> + +<p class="continue"> +I. In old Scotch manuscripts we find the guttural <i>gh</i> (or ȝ) +represented by <i>ch</i>; thus, <i>aght</i>, <i>laght</i>, <i>saght</i>, +<i>wight</i>, are the English forms which, in the Scotch orthography, +become <i>aucht</i> (owed), <i>laucht</i> (seized), <i>saucht</i> +(peace), <i>wicht</i> (active). It is the former orthography, however, +that prevails in the Morte Arthure.</p> + +<p class="continue"> +II. We miss the Scotch use of (1) <i>-is</i> or <i>-ys</i>, for +<i>-es</i> or <i>-s</i>, in the plural number, and of possessive cases +of nouns, and in the person endings of the present tense indicative mood +of verbs; (2) <i>-it</i> or <i>-yt</i>, for <i>-ed</i> or <ins class="correction" title="hyphen missing"><i>-d</i></ins>, in the preterites +or passive participles of regular verbs.</p> + +<p class="continue"> +III. There is a total absence of the well-known Scotch forms +<i>begouth</i> (began), <i>sa</i> (so), <i>sic</i> (such), +<i>throuch</i>, <i>thorow</i> (through). Instead of these <i>bigan</i>, +<i>so</i>, <i>syche</i>, <i>thrughe</i> (<i>thurgh</i>) are employed. +See Preface to Hampole’s Pricke of Conscience, pp. vii<ins class="correction" title="text has . for ,">, </ins>viii.</p> + +<p><a name="note5" id="note5" href="#tag5">5.</a> +This is shown by the frequent employment of <i>-es</i> as the person +ending of the verb in the present tense, plural number. The +corresponding Southern verbal inflexion <ins class="correction" title="text has -eth."><i>-eth</i></ins> <i>never</i> occurs; while the +Midland <i>-en</i> is only occasionally met with in the third person +plural present, and has been introduced by a later copyist. There are +other characteristics, such as the predominance of words containing the +A.S. long <i>a</i>; as <i>hame</i> (home), <i>stane</i> (stone), +<i>thra</i> (bold), <i>walde</i> (would), etc.; the frequent use of +<i>thir</i> (these), <i>tha</i> (the, those), etc.</p> + +<p><a name="note6" id="note6" href="#tag6">6.</a> +The peculiarities referred to do not appear to be owing to the copyist +of the Lincoln manuscript (Robert de Thornton, a native of +Oswaldkirk in Yorkshire), who, being a Northumbrian, would probably have +restored the original readings. The non-Northumbrian forms in the Morte +Arthure are— 1. The change of <i>a</i> into <i>o</i>, as +<i>bolde</i> for <i>balde</i>, <i>bote</i> for <i>bate</i>, <i>one</i> +for <i>ane</i>, <i>honde</i> for <i>hande</i>, <i>londe</i> for +<i>lande</i>; 2. <i>they</i>, <i>theyre</i>, <i>them</i>, +<i>theym</i>, for <i>thay</i>, <i>thaire</i>, <i>tham</i>; +3. <i>gayliche</i>, <i>kindliche</i>, <i>semlyche</i>, etc., for +<i>gayly</i>, <i>kindly</i>, <i>seemly</i>, etc. (the termination +<i>lich</i>, <i>liche</i>, was wholly unknown to the Northumbrian +dialect, being represented by <i>ly</i> or <i>like</i>); +4. <i>churle</i>, <i>churche</i>, <i>iche</i>, <i>mache</i>, +<i>myche</i>, <i>syche</i>, <i>wyrche</i>, etc., for <i>carle</i>, +<i>kirke</i>, <i>ilk</i>, <i>make</i>, <i>mykelle</i>, <i>swilk</i>, +<i>wyrk</i>, etc.; 5. infinitives in <i>-en</i>, as +<i>drenschen</i>, <i>schewenne</i>, <i>wacchenne</i>, etc.; 6. the use +of <i>eke</i>, <i>thos</i>, for <i>als</i> (<i>alswa</i>), <i>thas</i>; +7. the employment of <i>aye</i> for <i>egg</i>. The former word +<i>never</i> occurs in any pure Northumbrian work, while the latter is +seldom met with in any Southern production.</p> + +<p><a name="note7" id="note7" href="#tag7">7.</a> +The poems are <i>Northern</i> in contradistinction to <i>Southern</i>, +but they are not Northern or Northumbrian in contradistinction to +<i>Midland</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="note8" id="note8" href="#tag8">8.</a> +Printed by Mr. D. Laing in his “Inedited Pieces,” from a MS. of Mr. +Heber’s. Other copies are in the Vernon MS., and Cotton Calig. +A. ii.; the latter imperfect.</p> + +<p><a name="note9" id="note9" href="#tag9">9.</a> +Other specimens of this dialect will doubtless turn up. Mr. Brock has +found a MS. in British Museum (Harl. 3909) with most of the +peculiarities pointed out by me in the preface to the present work, and +I believe that this dialect was probably a flourishing one in the 13th +century. See O.E<ins class="correction" title=". missing">. +</ins>Homilies, p. li.</p> + +<p><a name="note10" id="note10" href="#tag10">10.</a> +(1) <i>en</i> as the inflexion of the pres. tense pl., indic. mood of +verbs; (2) <i>s</i> in the second and third pers. sing. of verbs; +(3) <i>ho</i> = she; (4) <i>hit</i> = its; (5) <i>tow</i> += two<ins class="correction" title="text has : for ;">; +</ins>(6) <i>deȝter</i> = daughters, etc.</p> + +<p><a name="note11" id="note11" href="#tag11">11.</a> +See p. 36, ll. 1052-1066; p. 37, ll. 1074-1089; pp. 161-162, ll. +4956-4975.</p> + +<p><a name="note12" id="note12" href="#tag12">12.</a> +See pp. 25, 26 (Jason’s unfaithfulness); pp. 74, 75, ll. 2241-2255; +p. 75, ll. 2256-2263; p. 69, ll. 2267-2081; p. 158, ll. +4839-4850; p. 189, ll. 4881-4885; p. 165, ll. 5078-5086, +etc.</p> + +<p><a name="note13" id="note13" href="#tag13">13.</a> +In the Harl. MS. 3909, nearly all the p. part. and preterites end in +<i>-et</i> (<i>-ut</i> and <i>-et</i> occur in Romances ed. by +Robson).</p> + +<p><a name="note14" id="note14" href="#tag14">14.</a> +This seems to furnish an etymology for <i>Clent</i> Hills, +Worcestershire—<i>brent</i> is the term employed in +Alliterative.</p> + +<p><a name="note15" id="note15" href="#tag15">15.</a> +Matthew, chapter xx.</p> + +<p><a name="note17" id="note17" href="#tag17">17.</a> +“4. And the city was broken up, and all the men of war fled by night by +the way of the gate between two walls, which is by the king’s garden: +(now the Chaldees were against the city round about:) and the king went +the way toward the plain.</p> + +<p class="continue"> +“5. And the army of the Chaldees pursued after the king, and overtook +him in the plains of Jericho: and all his army were scattered from +him.”</p> + +<p><a name="note22" id="note22" href="#tag22">22.</a> +History of English Rhythms, vol. i. p. 159.</p> + +<p><a name="note23" id="note23" href="#tag23">23.</a> +Syr Gawayn, ed. Madden, p. 302.</p> + +<p><a name="note24" id="note24" href="#tag24">24.</a> +Wherever the Text has been altered, the reading of the MS. will be found +in a foot-note.</p> + +<p><a name="note25" id="note25" href="#tag25">25.</a> +Polychronicon R. Higdeni, ap. Gale, p. 210, 211. See Garnett’s +Philological Essays, p. 43, and Specimens of Early English, +p. 338.</p> + +<p><a name="note26" id="note26" href="#tag26">26.</a> +It is to be regretted that Garnett did not enter upon details, and give +his readers some tests by which to distinguish the “five distinctly +marked forms.”</p> + +<p><a name="note27" id="note27" href="#tag27">27.</a> +In English works of the fourteenth century the <i>-en</i> of the +Midland, and the <i>-es</i> of the Northumbrian is frequently dropped, +thus gradually approximating to our modern conjugation.</p> + +<p><a name="note28" id="note28" href="#tag28">28.</a> +We are here speaking of works written in the thirteenth and fourteenth +centuries.</p> + +<p><a name="note29" id="note29" href="#tag29">29.</a> +Robert of Brunne, in his “Handlyng Synne,” often employs it instead of +<i>-en</i>, but only for the sake of the rhyme.</p> + +<p><a name="note30" id="note30" href="#tag30">30.</a> +The Midland dialect is a very difficult one to deal with, as it presents +us with no uniform type; and, moreover, works written in this idiom are +marked by Northern or Southern peculiarities, which have led many of our +editors altogether astray in determining the locality of their +composition.</p> + +<p><a name="note31" id="note31" href="#tag31">31.</a> +Published by the Camden Society, 1842.</p> + +<p><a name="note32" id="note32" href="#tag32">32.</a> +Edited by Mr. Halliwell for the Percy Society.</p> + +<p><a name="note33" id="note33" href="#tag33">33.</a> +Edited by me for the Philological Society, 1862.</p> + +<p><a name="note34" id="note34" href="#tag34">34.</a> +<i>-us</i> and <i>-ud</i> for <i>-es</i> and <i>-ed</i>, as well as +<i>hom</i>, <i>hor</i>, do occasionally occur in the MS. containing our +poems.</p> + +<p><a name="note35" id="note35" href="#tag35">35.</a> +The Romance of William and the Werwolf is written in the West-Midland +dialect as spoken probably in Shropshire.</p> + +<p><a name="note36" id="note36" href="#tag36">36.</a> +Robson’s Metrical Romances, p. 54, l. 9.</p> + +<p><a name="note37" id="note37" href="#tag37">37.</a> +<i>Woldus</i> = <i>woldes</i> = <i>wouldst</i>, appears in Audelay’s +poems (in the Shropshire dialect of the fifteenth century), p. 32, +l. 6.</p> + +<p><a name="note38" id="note38" href="#tag38">38.</a> +The so-called Northumbrian records of the ninth and tenth centuries +frequently use <i>-es</i> instead of <i>-est</i>, in the 2nd pers. +preterite of regular verbs, <i>e.g.</i>,</p> + +<p class="continue"> +<i>ðu forcerdes usic on-bec</i> = Thou turnedst us hindward. —(Ps. +xliii. 11.)</p> + +<p class="continue"> +<i>ðu saldes usic</i> = Thou gavest us. —(Ps. xliii. 12.)</p> + +<p class="continue"> +<i>ðu bi-bohtes folc ðin butan weorðe</i> = Thou soldest thy folk +without price. —(Ps. xliii. 12.)</p> + +<p class="continue"> +ðu <i>ge-hiowades</i> me & <i>settes</i> ofer me hond ðine = Thou +madest me and settest over me thy hand. —(Ps. +cxxxviii. 5.)</p> + +<p class="continue"> +ðu <i>ðreades ða</i> ofer-hygdan = Thou hast rebuked the proud. +—(Ps. cxviii. 21.)</p> + +<p class="continue"> +Ic ondeto ðe fader drihten heofnes forðon ðu <i>gedeigeldes</i> ðas ilco +from snotrum & hogum & <i>ædeaudes</i> ða ðæm lytlum = I thank +thee, O father, Lord of heaven and earth, because thou hast hid these +things from the wise and prudent, and hast revealed them unto babes. +—(Matt. xi. 25).</p> + +<p><a name="note39" id="note39" href="#tag39">39.</a> +Þou <i>torned</i> us hindward. —(Early English Nn. Psalter, +xliii. 11.)</p> + +<p class="continue"> +Þou <i>salde</i> þi folk. —(<i>Ibid.</i> xliii. 12.)</p> + +<p class="continue"> +Þou <i>meked</i> us. —(<i>Ibid.</i> xliii. 20.)</p> + +<p class="continue"> +Þou <i>made</i> me and set þi hand over me. —(<i>Ibid.</i> +cxxxviii. 5.)</p> + +<p class="continue"> +Þou <i>snibbed</i> proude. —(<i>Ibid.</i> cxviii. 21.)</p> + +<p><a name="note40" id="note40" href="#tag40">40.</a> +I am informed by a Shropshire friend that it prevails in his county +under the form <i>shinneh</i>.</p> + +<p class="continue"> +<i>Win</i> = will, in <i>winnot</i>, <i>wunnot</i> = will not, is still +heard in the West-Midland districts. It is found in Robson’s Romances +and in Liber Cure Cocorum.</p> + +<p><a name="note50" id="note50" href="#tag50">50.</a> +So I got up by break of day and set out; and went straight till I well +nigh came within two miles of the town, when, as the devil would have +it, a horse was standing at an ale-house door; and my calf (the +devil bore out <i>its</i> eyes for me) took the horse for +<i>its</i> mother, and would suck her.</p> + +<p><a name="note51" id="note51" href="#tag51">51.</a> +Three specimens of the East-Midland dialect have come to light since +writing the above. Harl. MS. 3909; Troy Book, ed. Donaldson, E. E. +T. Soc.; The Lay-folks Mass-Book, ed. Simpson, E. E. +T. Soc.</p> + +<p><a name="note52" id="note52" href="#tag52">52.</a> +In the romance of “Syr Gawayn and the Grene Knyȝt” we find “<i>blonk</i> +(horse) sadele,” “<i>fox</i> felle” (skin). In <i>blonk</i> an <i>e</i> +has probably been dropped.</p> + +<p><a name="note53" id="note53" href="#tag53">53.</a> +The feminine form is seldom employed.</p> + +<p><a name="note54" id="note54" href="#tag54">54.</a> +The Northumbrian plural article is <i>tha</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="note55" id="note55" href="#tag55">55.</a> +The Northumbrian corresponding form is <i>thas</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="note56" id="note56" href="#tag56">56.</a> +<i>Scho</i> occurs <i>once</i> in the present poems.</p> + +<p><a name="note57" id="note57" href="#tag57">57.</a> +<i>Yowreȝ</i> (yours) sometimes takes the place of <i>youre</i> in the +romance of “Sir Gawayne and the Grene Knyȝt.”</p> + +<p><a name="note58" id="note58" href="#tag58">58.</a> +Page 92, l. 108.</p> + +<p><a name="note59" id="note59" href="#tag59">59.</a> +Page 91, l<ins class="correction" title="text has , for .">. +</ins>72.</p> + +<p><a name="note60" id="note60" href="#tag60">60.</a> +Syr Gawayn, l. 1932.</p> + +<p><a name="note61" id="note61" href="#tag61">61.</a> +I would say that <i>says me I</i> = I myself say. —R. M.</p> + +<p><a name="note62" id="note62" href="#tag62">62.</a> +<i>Schonied</i> occurs for <i>schoned</i>. No Southern writer would +retain, I think, the <i>i</i> in the preterite.</p> + +<p><a name="note63" id="note63" href="#tag63">63.</a> +Garnett asserts that the present participle in <i>-ande</i> is “a +<i>certain criterion</i> of a Northern dialect subsequent to the +thirteenth century.” It is never found in any Southern writer, but is +common to many Midland dialects. Capgrave employs it frequently in his +Chronicles. It is, however, no safe criterion by itself.</p> + +<p><a name="note64" id="note64" href="#tag64">64.</a> +The final <i>e</i> is often dropped.</p> + +<p><a name="note65" id="note65" href="#tag65">65.</a> +In <i>The Wohunge of Ure Lauerd</i> the <i>e</i> is constantly +omitted.</p> + +<p><a name="note66" id="note66" href="#tag66">66.</a> +“Syr Gawayn and the Grene Knyȝt.”</p> + +<p><a name="note67" id="note67" href="#tag67">67.</a> +Taken with some few alterations from Sir F. Madden’s “Syr Gawayn.”</p> + +<p><a name="note68" id="note68" href="#tag68">68.</a> +A line, however, is missing from the MS. on fol. 55<i>b</i>. See page +15.</p> + +</div> + +</div> +<!-- end div intro--> + +<div class="sidenotes"> + +<hr class="mid"> + +<h3><a name="sidenotes" id="sidenotes"> +Collected Sidenotes</a></h3> + +<div class="mynote"> +<p>This section was added by the transcriber. It contains the editor’s +summaries as given in his sidenotes, and can be read as a condensed +version of the full text. Headings in Roman numerals link to sections of +the poem.</p> + +<p class="center"> +<a href="#side_pearl">The Pearl</a><br> +<a href="#side_clean">Cleanness</a><br> +<a href="#side_patience">Patience</a></p> +</div> + +<h4><a name="side_pearl" id="side_pearl"> +<i>The Pearl</i>: Sidenotes</a></h4> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#pearl_I">I.</a></h5> + +<p>Description of a lost pearl (<i>i.e.</i> a beloved child).</p> +<p>The father laments the loss of his pearl.</p> +<p>He often visits the spot where his pearl disappeared, and hears a +sweet song.</p> +<p>Where the pearl was buried there he found lovely flowers.</p> +<p>Each blade of grass springs from a dead grain.</p> +<p>In the high season of August the parent visits the grave of his lost +child.</p> +<p>Beautiful flowers covered the grave.</p> +<p>From them came a delicious odour.</p> +<p>The bereaved father wrings his hands for sorrow, falls asleep upon +the flowery plot, and dreams.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#pearl_II">II.</a></h5> + +<p>In spirit he is carried to an unknown region, where the rocks and +cliffs gleamed gloriously.</p> +<p>The hill sides were decked with crystal cliffs.</p> +<p>The leaves of the trees were like burnished silver.</p> +<p>The gravel consisted of precious pearls.</p> +<p>The father forgets his sorrow.</p> +<p>He sees birds of the most beautiful hues, and hears their sweet +melody.</p> +<p>No tongue could describe the beauty of the forest.</p> +<p>All shone like gold.</p> +<p>The dreamer arrives at the bank of a river, which gave forth sweet +sounds.</p> +<p>In it, stones glittered like stars in the welkin on a winter +night.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#pearl_III">III.</a></h5> + +<p>His grief abates, and he follows the course of the stream.</p> +<p>No one could describe his great joy.</p> +<p>He thought that Paradise was on the opposite bank.</p> +<p>The stream was not fordable.</p> +<p>More and more he desires to see what is beyond the brook.</p> +<p>But the way seemed difficult.</p> +<p>The dreamer finds new marvels.</p> +<p>He sees a crystal cliff, at the foot of which, sits a maiden clothed +in glistening white.</p> +<p>He knows that he has seen her before.</p> +<p>He desires to call her but is afraid, at finding her in such a +strange place.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#pearl_IV">IV.</a></h5> + +<p>So he stands still, like a well trained hawk.</p> +<p>He fears lest she should escape before he could speak to her.</p> +<p>His long lost one is dressed in royal array—decked with +precious pearls.</p> +<p>She comes along the stream towards him.</p> +<p>Her kirtle is composed of ‘sute,’ ornamented with pearls.</p> +<p>She wore a crown of pearls.</p> +<p>Her hair hung down about her.</p> +<p>Her colour was whiter than whalebone.</p> +<p>Her hair shone as gold.</p> +<p>The trimming of her robe consisted of precious pearls.</p> +<p>A wonderful pearl was set in her breast.</p> +<p>No man from here to Greece, was so glad as the father, when he saw +his pearl on the bank of the stream.</p> +<p>The maiden salutes him.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#pearl_V">V.</a></h5> + +<p>The father enquires of the maiden whether she is his long-lost pearl, +and longs to know who has deprived him of his treasure.</p> +<p>The maiden tells him that his pearl is not really lost.</p> +<p>She is in a garden of delight, where sin and mourning are +unknown.</p> +<p>The rose that he had lost is become a pearl of price.</p> +<p>The pearl blames his rash speech.</p> +<p>The father begs the maiden to excuse his speech, for he really +thought his pearl was wholly lost to him.</p> +<p>The maiden tells her father that he has spoken three words without +knowing the meaning of one.</p> +<p>The first word. The second. The third.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#pearl_VI">VI.</a></h5> + +<p>He is little to be praised who loves what he sees.</p> +<p>To love nothing but what one sees is great presumption.</p> +<p>To live in this kingdom (<i>i.e.</i> heaven) leave must be asked.</p> +<p>This stream must be passed over by death.</p> +<p>The father asks his pearl whether she is about to doom him to sorrow +again.</p> +<p>If he loses his pearl he does not care what happens to him.</p> +<p>The maiden tells her father to suffer patiently.</p> +<p>Though he may dance as any doe, yet he must abide God’s doom.</p> +<p>He must cease to strive.</p> +<p>All lies in God’s power to make men joyful or sad.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#pearl_VII">VII.</a></h5> + +<p>The father beseeches the pearl to have pity upon him.</p> +<p>He says that she has been both his bale and bliss.</p> +<p>And when he lost her, he knew not what had become of her.</p> +<p>And now that he sees her in bliss, she takes little heed of his +sorrow.</p> +<p>He desires to know what life she leads.</p> +<p>The maiden tells him that he may walk and abide with her, now that he +is humble.</p> +<p>All are meek that dwell in the abode of bliss.</p> +<p>All lead a blissful life.</p> +<p>She reminds her father that she was very young when she died.</p> +<p>Now she is crowned a queen in heaven.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#pearl_VIII">VIII.</a></h5> + +<p>The father of the maiden does not fully understand her.</p> +<p>Mary, he says, is the queen of heaven.</p> +<p>No one is able to remove the crown from her.</p> +<p>The maiden addresses the Virgin.</p> +<p>She then explains to her father that each has his place in +heaven.</p> +<p>The court of God has a property in its own being.</p> +<p>Each one in it is a king or queen.</p> +<p>The mother of Christ holds the chief place.</p> +<p>We are all members of Christ’s body.</p> +<p>Look that each limb be perfect.</p> +<p>The father replies that he cannot understand how his pearl can be a +queen.</p> +<p>He desires to know what greater honour she can have.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#pearl_IX">IX.</a></h5> + +<p>She was only two years old when she died, and could do nothing to +please God.</p> +<p>She might be a countess or some great lady but not a queen.</p> +<p>The maiden informs her father that there is no limit to God’s +power.</p> +<p>The parable of the labourers in the vineyard.</p> +<p>The lord of the vineyard hires workmen for a penny a day.</p> +<p>At noon the lord hires other men standing idle in the market +place.</p> +<p>He commands them to go into his vineyard, and he will give them what +is right.</p> +<p>At an hour before the sun went down the lord sees other men standing +idle.</p> +<p>Tells them to go into the vineyard.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#pearl_X">X.</a></h5> + +<p>As soon as the sun was gone down the “reeve” was told to pay the +workmen.</p> +<p>To give each a penny.</p> +<p>The first began to complain.</p> +<p>Having borne the heat of the day he thinks that he deserves more.</p> +<p>The lord tells him that he agreed only to give him a penny.</p> +<p>The last shall be first, and the first last.</p> +<p>The maiden applies the parable to herself.</p> +<p>She came to the vine in eventide, and yet received more than others +who had lived longer.</p> +<p>The father says that his daughter’s tale is unreasonable.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#pearl_XI">XI.</a></h5> + +<p>In heaven, the maiden says, each man is paid alike.</p> +<p>God is no niggard.</p> +<p>The grace of God is sufficient for all.</p> +<p>Those who live long on the earth often forfeit heaven by sinning.</p> +<p>Innocents are saved by baptism.</p> +<p>Why should not God allow their labour.</p> +<p>Our first father lost heaven by eating an apple.</p> +<p>And all are damned for the sin of Adam.</p> +<p>But there came one who paid the penalty of our sins.</p> +<p>The water that came from the pierced side of Christ was baptism.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#pearl_XII">XII.</a></h5> + +<p>Repentance must be sought by prayer with sorrow and affliction.</p> +<p>The guilty may be saved by contrition.</p> +<p>Two sorts of people are saved, the <i>righteous</i> and the +<i>innocent</i>.</p> +<p>The words of David.</p> +<p>The innocent is saved by right.</p> +<p>The words of Solomon.</p> +<p>David says no man living is justified.</p> +<p>Pray to be saved by innocence and not by right.</p> +<p>When Jesus was on earth, little children were brought unto him.</p> +<p>The disciples rebuked the parents.</p> +<p>Christ said, “Suffer little children to come unto me,” etc.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#pearl_XIII">XIII.</a></h5> + +<p>No one can win heaven except he be meek as a child.</p> +<p>The pearl of price is like the kingdom of heaven, pure and clean.</p> +<p>Forsake the mad world and purchase the spotless pearl.</p> +<p>The father of the maiden desires to know who formed her figure and +wrought her garments.</p> +<p>Her beauty, he says, is not natural.</p> +<p>Her colour passes the fleur-de-lis.</p> +<p>The maiden explains to her father that she is a bride of Christ.</p> +<p>She is without spot or blemish.</p> +<p>Her weeds are washed in the blood of Christ.</p> +<p>The father asks the nature of the Lamb that has chosen his daughter, +and why she is selected as a bride.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#pearl_XIV">XIV.</a></h5> + +<p>The Lamb has one hundred and forty thousand brides.</p> +<p>St. John saw them on the hill of Sion in a dream, in the new city of +Jerusalem.</p> +<p>Isaiah speaks of Christ or the Lamb.</p> +<p>He says that He was led as a lamb to the slaughter.</p> +<p>In Jerusalem was Christ slain.</p> +<p>With buffets was His face flayed.</p> +<p>He endured all patiently as a lamb.</p> +<p>For us He died in Jerusalem.</p> +<p>The declaration of St. John, “Behold the Lamb of God,” etc.</p> +<p>Who can reckon His generation, that died in Jerusalem?</p> +<p>In the New Jerusalem St. John saw the Lamb sitting upon the +throne.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#pearl_XV">XV.</a></h5> + +<p>The Lamb is without blemish.</p> +<p>Every spotless soul is a worthy bride for the Lamb.</p> +<p>No strife or envy among the brides.</p> +<p>None can have less bliss than another.</p> +<p>Our death leads us to bliss.</p> +<p>What St. John saw upon the Mount of Sion.</p> +<p>About the Lamb he saw one hundred and forty thousand maidens.</p> +<p>He heard a voice from heaven, like many floods.</p> +<p>He heard the maiden sing a new song.</p> +<p>So did the four beasts and the elders “so sad of cheer.”</p> +<p>This assembly was like the Lamb, spotless and pure.</p> +<p>The father replies to the maiden.</p> +<p>He says he is but dust and ashes.</p> +<p>He wishes to ask one question, whether the brides have their abode in +castle-walls or in manor.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#pearl_XVI">XVI.</a></h5> + +<p>Jerusalem, he says, in Judea.</p> +<p>But the dwelling of the brides should be perfect.</p> +<p>For such “a comely pack” a great castle would be required.</p> +<p>The city in Judæa, answers the maiden, is where Christ suffered, and +is the Old Jerusalem.</p> +<p>The New Jerusalem is where the Lamb has assembled his brides.</p> +<p>Jerusalem means the city of God.</p> +<p>In the Old city our peace was made at one.</p> +<p>In the New city is eternal peace.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#pearl_XVII">XVII.</a></h5> + +<p>The father prays his daughter to bring him to the blissful bower.</p> +<p>His daughter tells him that he shall see the outside, but not a foot +may he put in the city.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#pearl_XVIII">XVIII.</a></h5> + +<p>The maiden then tells her father to go along the bank till he comes +to a hill.</p> +<p>He reaches the hill, and beholds the heavenly city.</p> +<p>As St. John saw it, so he beheld it.</p> +<p>The city was of burnished gold.</p> +<p>Pitched upon gems, the foundation composed of twelve stones.</p> +<p>The names of the precious stones.</p> +<div class="inset"> +<p>i. Jasper.</p> +<p>ii. Sapphire.</p> +<p>iii. Chalcedony.</p> +<p>iv. Emerald.</p> +<p>v. Sardonyx.</p> +<p>vi. Ruby.</p> +<p>vii. Chrysolite.</p> +<p>viii. Beryl.</p> +<p>ix. Topaz.</p> +<p>x. Chrysoprasus.</p> +<p>xi. Jacinth.</p> +<p>xii. Amethyst. +</div> +<p>The city was square.</p> +<p>The wall was of jasper.</p> +<p>Twelve thousand furlongs in length and breadth.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#pearl_XIX">XIX.</a></h5> + +<p>Each “pane” had three gates.</p> +<p>Each gate adorned with a pearl.</p> +<p>Such light gleamed in all the streets, that there was no need of the +sun or moon.</p> +<p>God was the light of those in the city.</p> +<p>The high throne might be seen, upon which the “high God” sat.</p> +<p>A river ran out of the throne; it flowed through each street.</p> +<p>No church was seen.</p> +<p>God was the church; Christ the sacrifice.</p> +<p>The gates were ever open.</p> +<p>There is no night in the city.</p> +<p>The planets, and the sun itself, are dim compared to the divine +light.</p> +<p>Trees there renew their fruit every month.</p> +<p>The beholder of this fair city stood still as a “dased quail.”</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#pearl_XX">XX.</a></h5> + +<p>As the moon began to rise he was aware of a procession of virgins +crowned with pearls, in white robes, with a pearl in their breast.</p> +<p>As they went along they shone as glass.</p> +<p>The Lamb went before them.</p> +<p>There was no pressing.</p> +<p>The “alder men” fell groveling at the feet of the Lamb.</p> +<p>All sang in praise of the Lamb.</p> +<p>The Lamb wore white weeds.</p> +<p>A wide wound was seen near his breast.</p> +<p>Joy was in his looks.</p> +<p>The father perceives his little queen.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#pearl_XIX">XIX.</a></h5> + +<p>Great delight takes possession of his mind.</p> +<p>He attempts to cross the stream.</p> +<p>It was not pleasing to the Lord.</p> +<p>The dreamer awakes, and is in great sorrow.</p> +<p>He addresses his pearl; laments his rash curiosity.</p> +<p>Men desire more than they have any right to expect.</p> +<p>The good Christian knows how to make peace with God.</p> +<p>God give us grace to be his servants!</p> + + +<h4><a name="side_clean" id="side_clean"> +<i>Cleanness</i>: Sidenotes</a></h4> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#clean_I">I.</a></h5> + +<p>Cleanness discloses fair forms.</p> +<p>God is angry with the unclean worshipper, and with false priests.</p> +<p>The pure worshipper receives great reward.</p> +<p>The impure will bring upon them the anger of God, Who is pure and +holy.</p> +<p>It would be a marvel if God did not hate evil.</p> +<p>Christ showed us that himself.</p> +<p>St. Matthew records the discourse.</p> +<p>The clean of heart shall look on our Lord.</p> +<p>What earthly noble, when seated at table above dukes, would like to +see a lad badly attired approach the table with “rent cockers,” his coat +torn and his toes out?</p> +<p>For any one of these he would be turned out with a “big buffet,” and +be forbidden to re-enter, and thus be ruined through his vile +clothes.</p> +<p>The parable of the “Marriage of the King’s Son.”</p> +<p>The king’s invitation.</p> +<p>Those invited begin to make excuses.</p> +<p>One had bought an estate and must go to see it.</p> +<p>Another had purchased some oxen and wished to see them “pull in the +plough.”</p> +<p>A third had married a wife and could not come.</p> +<p>The Lord was greatly displeased, and commanded his servants to invite +the wayfaring, both men and women, the better and the worse, that +hispalace might be full.</p> +<p>The servants brought in bachelors and squires.</p> +<p>When they came to the court they were well entertained.</p> +<p>The servants tell their lord that they have done his behest, and +there is still room for more guests.</p> +<p>The Lord commands them to go out into the fields, and bring in the +halt, blind, and “one-eyed.”</p> +<p>For those who denied shall not taste “one sup” to save them from +death.</p> +<p>The palace soon became full of “people of all plights.”</p> +<p>They were not all one wife’s sons, nor had they all one father.</p> +<p>The “brightest attired” had the best place.</p> +<p>Below sat those with “poor weeds.”</p> +<p>All are well entertained “with meat and minstrelsy.”</p> +<p>Each with his “mate” made him at ease.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#clean_II">II.</a></h5> + +<p>The lord of the feast goes among his guests.</p> +<p>Bids them be merry.</p> +<p>On the floor he finds one not arrayed for a holyday.</p> +<p>Asks him how he obtained entrance, and how he was so bold as to +appear in such rags.</p> +<p>Does he take him to be a harlot?</p> +<p>The man becomes discomfited.</p> +<p>He is unable to reply.</p> +<p>The lord commands him to be bound, and cast into a deep dungeon.</p> +<p>This feast is likened to the kingdom of heaven, to which all are +invited.</p> +<p>See that thy weeds are clean.</p> +<p>Thy weeds are thy works that thou hast wrought.</p> +<p>For many faults may a man forfeit bliss.</p> +<p>For sloth and pride he is thrust into the devil’s throat.</p> +<p>He is ruined by covetousness, perjury, murder, theft, and strife.</p> +<p>For robbery and ribaldry, for preventing marriages, and supporting +the wicked, for treason, treachery, and tyranny, man may lose eternal +bliss.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#clean_III">III.</a></h5> + +<p>The high Prince of all is displeased with those who work +wickedly.</p> +<p>For the first fault the devil committed, he felt God’s vengeance.</p> +<p>He, the fairest of all angels, forsook his sovereign, and boasted +that his throne should be as high as God’s.</p> +<p>For these words he was cast down to hell.</p> +<p>The fiends fell from heaven, like the thick snow, for forty days.</p> +<p>From heaven to hell the shower lasted.</p> +<p>The devil would not make peace with God.</p> +<p>Affliction makes him none the better.</p> +<p>For the fault of one, vengeance alighted upon all men.</p> +<p>Adam was ordained to live in bliss.</p> +<p>Through Eve he ate an apple.</p> +<p>Thus all his descendants became poisoned.</p> +<p>A maiden brought a remedy for mankind.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#clean_IV">IV.</a></h5> + +<p>Malice was merciless.</p> +<p>A race of men came into the world, the fairest, the merriest, and the +strongest that ever were created.</p> +<p>They were sons of Adam.</p> +<p>No law was laid upon them.</p> +<p>Nevertheless they acted unnaturally.</p> +<p>The “<i>fiends</i>” beheld how fair were the daughters of these +mighty men, and made fellowship with them and begat a race of +giants.</p> +<p>The greatest fighter was reckoned the most famous.</p> +<p>The Creater of all becomes exceedingly wroth.</p> +<p>Fell anger touches His heart.</p> +<p>It repents Him that He has made man.</p> +<p>He declares that all flesh shall be destroyed, both man and +beast.</p> +<p>There was at this time living on the earth a very righteous man: Noah +was his name.</p> +<p>Three bold sons he had.</p> +<p>God in great anger speaks to Noah.</p> +<p>Declares that He will destroy all “that life has.”</p> +<p>Commands him to make “a mansion” with dwellings for wild and +tame.</p> +<p>To let the ark be three hundred cubits in length, and fifty in +breadth, and thirty in height, and a window in it a cubit square.</p> +<p>Also a good shutting door in the side, together with halls, recesses, +bushes, and bowers, and well-formed pens.</p> +<p>For all flesh shall be destroyed, except Noah and his family.</p> +<p>Noah is told to take into the ark seven pairs of every clean beast, +and one of unclean kind, and to furnish the ark with proper food.</p> +<p>Noah fills the ark.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#clean_V">V.</a></h5> + +<p>God asks Noah whether all is ready.</p> +<p>Noah replies that all is fully prepared.</p> +<p>He is commanded to enter the ark, for God tells him that he will send +a rain to destroy all flesh.</p> +<p>Noah stows all safely in the ark.</p> +<p>Seven days are passed.</p> +<p>The deep begins to swell, banks are broken down, and the clouds +burst.</p> +<p>It rains for forty days, and the flood rises, and flows over the +woods and fields.</p> +<p>All must drown.</p> +<p>The water enters the houses.</p> +<p>Each woman with her bairns flees to the hills.</p> +<p>The rain never ceases.</p> +<p>The valleys are filled.</p> +<p>People flock to the mountains.</p> +<p>Some swim for their lives.</p> +<p>Others roar for fear.</p> +<p>Animals of all kinds run to the hills.</p> +<p>All pray for mercy.</p> +<p>God’s mercy is passed from them.</p> +<p>Each sees that he must sink.</p> +<p>Friends take leave of one another.</p> +<p>Forty days have gone by, and all are destroyed.</p> +<p>All rot in the mud, except Noah and his family, who are safe in the +ark.</p> +<p>The ark is lifted as high as the clouds, and is driven about, without +mast, bowline, cables, anchors, or sail to guide its course.</p> +<p>At the mercy of the winds.</p> +<p>Oft it rolled around and reared on end.</p> +<p>The age of the patriarch Noah.</p> +<p>Duration of the flood.</p> +<p>The completeness of the destruction.</p> +<p>God remembers those in the ark.</p> +<p>He causes a wind to blow, and closes the lakes and wells, and the +great deep.</p> +<p>The ark settles on Mount Ararat.</p> +<p>Noah beholds the bare earth.</p> +<p>He opens his window and sends out the raven to seek dry land.</p> +<p>The raven “croaks for comfort” on finding carrion.</p> +<p>He fills his belly with the foul flesh.</p> +<p>The lord of the ark curses the raven, and sends out the dove.</p> +<p>The bird wanders about the whole day.</p> +<p>Finding no rest, she returns about eventide to Noah.</p> +<p>Noah again sends out the dove.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#clean_VI">VI.</a></h5> + +<p>The dove returns with an olive branch in her beak.</p> +<p>This was a token of peace and reconciliation.</p> +<p>Joy reigns in the ark.</p> +<p>The people therein laugh and look thereout.</p> +<p>God permits Noah and his sons to leave the ark.</p> +<p>Noah offers sacrifice to God.</p> +<p>It is pleasing to Him that “all speeds or spoils.”</p> +<p>God declares that He will never destroy the world for the sin of +man.</p> +<p>That summer and winter shall never cease.</p> +<p>Nor night nor day, nor the new years.</p> +<p>God blesses every beast.</p> +<p>Each fowl takes its flight.</p> +<p>Each fish goes to the flood.</p> +<p>Each beast makes for the plain.</p> +<p>Wild worms wriggle to their abodes in the earth.</p> +<p>The fox goes to the woods.</p> +<p>Harts to the heath, and hares to the gorse.</p> +<p>Lions and leopards go to the lakes.</p> +<p>Eagles and hawks to the high rocks.</p> +<p>The four ‘frekes’ take the empire.</p> +<p>Behold what woe God brought on mankind for their hateful deeds!</p> +<p>Beware of the filth of the flesh.</p> +“One speck of a spot” will ruin us in the sight of God. +<p>The beryl is clean and sound,—it has no seam.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#clean_VII">VII.</a></h5> + +<p>When God repented that he had made man, he destroyed all flesh.</p> +<p>But afterwards He was sorry, and made a covenant with mankind that He +would not again destroy all the living.</p> +<p>For the filth of the flesh God destroyed a rich city.</p> +<p>God hates the wicked as “hell that stinks.”</p> +<p>Especially harlotry and blasphemy.</p> +<p>Nothing is hidden from God.</p> +<p>God is the ground of all deeds.</p> +<p>He honours the man that is honest and whole.</p> +<p>But for deeds of shame He destroys the mighty ones.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#clean_VIII">VIII.</a></h5> + +<p>Abraham is sitting before his house-door under a green oak.</p> +<p>He sees three men coming along, and goes toward them.</p> +<p>He entreats them to rest awhile, that he may wash their feet, and +bring them a morsel of bread.</p> +<p>Abraham commands Sarah to make some cakes quickly, and tells his +servant to seethe a tender kid.</p> +<p>Abraham appears bare-headed before his guests.</p> +<p>He casts a clean cloth on the green, and sets before them cakes, +butter, milk, and pottage.</p> +<p>God praises his friend’s feast, and after the meat is removed, He +tells Abraham that Sarah shall bear him a son.</p> +<p>Sarah, who is behind the door, laughs in unbelief.</p> +<p>God tells Abraham that Sarah laughs at His words.</p> +<p>Sarah denies that she laughed.</p> +<p>Abraham’s guests set out towards Sodom, two miles from Mamre.</p> +<p>The patriarch accompanies them.</p> +<p>God determines to reveal to Abraham his secret purposes.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#clean_IX">IX.</a></h5> + +<p>He informs him of the destruction about to fall upon the cities of +the plain, for their great wickedness, in abusing the gifts bestowed +upon them.</p> +<p>The ordinance of marriage had been made for them, but they foully set +it at nought.</p> +<p>The flame of love.</p> +<p>Therefore shall they be destroyed as an example to all men for +ever.</p> +<p>Abraham is full of fear, and asks God whether the “sinful and the +sinless” are to suffer together.</p> +<p>Whether he will spare the cities provided fifty righteous are found +in them?</p> +<p>For the sake of fifty the cities shall be spared.</p> +<p>The patriarch beseeches God to spare the city for the sake of +forty-five righteous.</p> +<p>For the lack of five the cities shall not be destroyed.</p> +<p>For forty the cities shall be spared.</p> +<p>Abraham entreats God’s forbearance for his speech.</p> +<p>Thirty righteous, found in the cities, shall save them from +destruction.</p> +<p>For the sake of twenty guiltless ones God will release the rest.</p> +<p>Or if ten only should be found pure.</p> +<p>The patriarch intercedes for Lot.</p> +<p>Beseeches Him to “temper His ire,” and then departs weeping for +sorrow.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#clean_X">X.</a></h5> + +<p>God’s messengers go to Sodom.</p> +<p>Lot is sitting alone at the “door of his lodge.”</p> +<p>Staring into the street he sees two men.</p> +<p>Beardless chins they had, and hair like raw silk.</p> +<p>Beautifully white were their weeds.</p> +<p>Lot runs to meet them.</p> +<p>Invites them to remain awhile in his house, and in the morning they +may take their way.</p> +<p>Lot invites them so long that at last they comply.</p> +<p>The wife and daughters of Lot welcome their visitors.</p> +<p>Lot admonishes his men to prepare the meat, and to serve no salt with +it.</p> +<p>Lot’s wife disregards the injunction.</p> +<p>The guests are well entertained.</p> +<p>But before they go to rest the city is up in arms.</p> +<p>With “keen clubs” the folk clatter on the walls, and demand that Lot +should deliver up his guests.</p> +<p>The wind yet stinks with their filthy speech.</p> +<p>Lot is in great trouble.</p> +<p>He leaves his guests and addresses the Sodomites.</p> +<p>He offers to give up to them his two daughters.</p> +<p>The rebels raise a great noise, and ask who made him a justice to +judge their deeds, who was but a boy when he came to Sodom.</p> +<p>The young men bring Lot within doors, and smite those outside with +blindness.</p> +<p>In vain they try to find the door of Lot’s house.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#clean_XI">XI.</a></h5> + +<p>Early in the morning the angels command Lot to depart from Sodom, +with his wife and two daughters, and to look straight before him, for +Sodom and Gomorrah shall be destroyed.</p> +<p>Lot asks what is best to be done, that he may escape.</p> +<p>He is told to choose himself a dwelling which shall be saved from +destruction.</p> +<p>He chooses Zoar.</p> +<p>The angels command Lot to depart quickly.</p> +<p>He wakes his wife and daughters.</p> +<p>All four are hastened on by the angels, who “preach to them the +peril” of delay.</p> +<p>Before daylight Lot comes to a hill.</p> +<p>God aloft raises a storm.</p> +<p>A rain falls thick of fire and sulphur.</p> +<p>Upon the four cities it comes, and frightens all folks therein.</p> +<p>The great bars of the abyss do burst.</p> +<p>Cliffs cleave asunder.</p> +<p>The cities sink to hell.</p> +<p>Such a cry arises that the clouds clatter again.</p> +<p>Lot and his companions are frightened, but continue to follow their +face.</p> +<p>Lot’s wife looks behind her, and is turned to a stiff stone “as salt +as any sea.”</p> +<p>Her companions do not miss her till they reach Zoar.</p> +<p>By this time all were drowned.</p> +<p>The people of Zoar, for dread, rush into the sea and are +destroyed.</p> +<p>Only Zoar with three therein (Lot and his daughters) are saved.</p> +<p>Lot’s wife is an image of salt for two faults:</p> +<div class="inset"> +<p>1. She served salt before the Lord at supper.</p> +<p>2. She looked behind her.</p> +</div> +<p>Abraham is up full early on the morn.</p> +<p>He looks towards Sodom, now only a pit filled with pitch, from which +rise smoke, ashes and cinders, as from a furnace.</p> +<p>A sea now occupies the place of the four cities.</p> +<p>It is a stinking pool, and is called the Dead Sea.</p> +<p>Nothing may live in it.</p> +<p>Lead floats on its surface.</p> +<p>A feather sinks to the bottom of it.</p> +<p>Lands, watered by this sea, never bear grass or weed.</p> +<p>A man cannot be drowned in it.</p> +<p>The clay clinging to it is corrosive, as alum, alkaran, sulphur, +etc., which fret the flesh and fester the bones.</p> +<p>On the shores of this lake grow trees bearing fair fruits, which, +when broken or bitten, taste like ashes.</p> +<p>All these are tokens of wickedness and vengeance.</p> +<p>God loves the pure in heart.</p> +<p>Strive to be clean.</p> +<p>Jean de Meun tells how a lady is to be loved.</p> +<p>By doing what pleases her best.</p> +<p>Love thy Lord!</p> +<p>Conform to Christ, who is polished as a pearl.</p> +<p>By how comely a contrivance did he enter the womb of the virgin!</p> +<p>In what purity did he part from her!</p> +<p>No abode was better than his.</p> +<p>The sorrow of childbirth was turned to joy.</p> +<p>Angels solaced the virgin with organs and pipes.</p> +<p>The child Christ was so clean that ox and ass worshipped him.</p> +<p>He hated wickedness, and would never touch ought that was vile.</p> +<p>Yet there came to him lazars and lepers, lame and blind.</p> +<p>Dry and dropsical folk.</p> +<p>He healed all with kind speech.</p> +<p>His handling was so good, that he needed no knife to cut or carve +with.</p> +<p>The bread he broke more perfectly than could all the tools of +Toulouse.</p> +<p>How can we approach his court except we be clean?</p> +<p>God is merciful.</p> +<p>Through penance we may shine as a pearl.</p> +<p>Why is the pearl so prized?</p> +<p>She becomes none the worse for wear.</p> +<p>If she should become dim, wash her in wine.</p> +<p>She then becomes clearer than before.</p> +<p>So may the sinner polish him by penance.</p> +<p>Beware of returning to sin.</p> +<p>For then God is more displeased than ever.</p> +<p>The reconciled soul God holds as His own.</p> +<p>Ill deeds rob Him of it.</p> +<p>God forbids us to defile any vessels used in His service.</p> +<p>In Belshazzar’s time, the defiling of God’s vessels brought wrath +upon the king.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#clean_XII">XII.</a></h5> + +<p>Daniel in his prophecies tells of the destruction of the Jews.</p> +<p>For their unfaithfulness in following other gods, God allowed the +heathen to destroy them, in the reign of Zedekiah, who practised +idolatry.</p> +<p>Nebuchadnezzar becomes his foe.</p> +<p>He besieges Jerusalem, and surrounds the walls.</p> +<p>The city is stuffed full of men.</p> +<p>Brisk is the skirmish.</p> +<p>Seven times a day are the gates assailed.</p> +<p>For two years the fight goes on, yet the city is not taken.</p> +<p>The folk within are in want of food.</p> +<p>Meager they become.</p> +<p>For so shut up are they that escape seems impossible.</p> +<p>But on a quiet night they steal out, and rush through the host.</p> +<p>They are discovered by the enemy.</p> +<p>A loud alarm is given.</p> +<p>They are pursued and overtaken.</p> +<p>Their king is made prisoner.</p> +<p>His chief men are presented as prisoners to Nebuchadnezzar.</p> +<p>His sons are slain.</p> +<p>His own eyes are put out.</p> +<p>He is placed in a dungeon in Babylon.</p> +<p>All for his “bad bearing” against the Lord, who might otherwise have +been his friend.</p> +<p>Nebuchadnezzar ceased not until he had destroyed Jerusalem.</p> +<p>Nebuzaradan was “chief of the chivalry.”</p> +<p>The best men were taken out of the city.</p> +<p>Nevertheless Nebuzaradan spared not those left.</p> +<p>Brains of bairns were spilt.</p> +<p>Priests pressed to death.</p> +<p>Wives and wenches foully killed.</p> +<p>All that escaped the sword were taken to Babylon, and were made to +drag the cart or milk the kine.</p> +<p>Nebuzaradan burst open the temple, and slew those therein.</p> +<p>Priests, pulled by the poll, were slain along with deacons, clerks, +and maidens.</p> +<p>The enemy pillages the temple of its pillars of brass, and the golden +candlestick from off the altar.</p> +<p>Goblets, basins, golden dishes, all are taken by Nebuzaradan, and +hampered together.</p> +<p>Solomon had made them with much labour.</p> +<p>The temple he beats down, and returns to Babylon.</p> +<p>Presents the prisoners to the king, among whom were Daniel and his +three companions.</p> +<p>Nebuchadnezzar has great joy, because his enemies are slain.</p> +<p>Great was his wonder when he saw the sacred jewelry.</p> +<p>He praises the God of Israel.</p> +<p>Such vessels never before came to Chaldea.</p> +<p>They are thrust into the treasury.</p> +<p>Nebuchadnezzar reigns as emperor of all the earth, through the “doom +of Daniel,” who gave him good counsel.</p> +<p>Nebuchadnezzar dies and is buried.</p> +<p>Belshazzar succeeds him.</p> +<p>He holds himself the biggest in heaven or on earth.</p> +<p>He honours not God, but worships false phantoms.</p> +<p>He promises them rewards if good fortune befal.</p> +<p>If they vex him he knocks them in pieces.</p> +<p>He has a wife, and many concubines.</p> +<p>The mind of the king was fixed upon new meats and other vain +things.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#clean_XIII">XIII.</a></h5> + +<p>Belshazzar, to exhibit his vainglory, proclaims throughout Babylon, +that all the great ones should assemble on a set day, at the Sultan’s +feast.</p> +<p>Kings, dukes, and lords were commanded to attend the court.</p> +<p>To do the king honour many nobles came to Babylon.</p> +<p>It would take too long to name the number.</p> +<p>The city of Babylon is broad and big.</p> +<p>It is situated on a plain, surrounded by seven streams, a high wall, +and towers.</p> +<p>The palace was long and large, each side being seven miles in +length.</p> +<p>High houses were within the walls.</p> +<p>The time of the feast has come.</p> +<p>Belshazzar sits upon his throne: the hall floor is covered with +knights.</p> +<p>When all are seated, service begins.</p> +<p>Trumpets sound everywhere.</p> +<p>Bread is served upon silver dishes.</p> +<p>All sorts of musical instruments are heard in the hall.</p> +<p>The king, surrounded by his loves, drinks copiously of wine.</p> +<p>It gets into his head and stupifies him.</p> +<p>A cursed thought takes possession of him.</p> +<p>He commands his marshal to bring him the vessels taken from the +temple by Nebuchadnezzar, and to fill them with wine.</p> +<p>The marshal opens the chests.</p> +<p>Covers the cupboard with vessels.</p> +<p>The Jewels of Jerusalem deck the sides of the hall.</p> +<p>The altar and crown, blessed by bishop’s hands, and anointed with the +blood of beasts, are set before the bold Belshazzar.</p> +<p>Upon this altar were noble vessels curiously carved, basins of gold, +cups arrayed like castles with battlements, and towers with lofty +pinnacles.</p> +<p>Upon them were pourtrayed branches and leaves, the flowers of which +were white pearls, and the fruit flaming gems.</p> +<p>The goblets were ornamented with flowers of gold.</p> +<p>The candlestick was brought in, with its pillars of brass, and +ornamental boughs, upon which sat birds of various hues.</p> +<p>Lights shone bright from the candlestick, which once stood before the +“Holy of Holies.”</p> +<p>The pollution of the sacred vessels is displeasing to God.</p> +<p>For “a boaster on bench” drinks from them till he is as “drunken as +the devil.”</p> +<p>God is very angry.</p> +<p>Before harming the revellers He sends them a warning.</p> +<p>Belshazzar commands the sacred vessels to be filled with wine.</p> +<p>The cups and bowls are soon filled.</p> +<p>Music of all kind is heard in the hall.</p> +<p>Dukes, princes, concubines, and knights, all are merry.</p> +<p>Drinking of the sweet liquors they ask favours of their gods, who, +although dumb, are as highly praised “as if heaven were theirs.”</p> +<p>A marvel befals the feasters.</p> +<p>The king first saw it.</p> +<p>Upon the plain wall, “a palm with pointel in fingers” is seen +writing.</p> +<p>The bold Belshazzar becomes frightened.</p> +<p>His knees knock together.</p> +<p>He roars for dread, still beholding the hand, as it wrote on the +rough wall.</p> +<p>The hand vanishes but the letters remain.</p> +<p>The king recovers his speech and sends for the “book-learned;” but +none of the scholars were wise enough to read it.</p> +<p>Belshazzar is nearly mad.</p> +<p>Commands the city to be searched throughout for the “wise of +witchcraft.”</p> +<p>He who expounds the strange letters, shall be clothed in “gowns of +purple.”</p> +<p>A collar of gold shall encircle his throat.</p> +<p>He shall be the third lord in the realm.</p> +<p>As soon as this cry was upcast, to the hall came clerks out of +Chaldea, witches and diviners, sorcerers and exorcists.</p> +<p>But after looking on the letters they were as ignorant as if they had +looked into the leather of the left boot.</p> +<p>The king curses them all and calls them churls.</p> +<p>He orders the harlots to be hanged.</p> +<p>The queen hears the king chide.</p> +<p>She inquires the cause.</p> +<p>Goes to the king, kneels before him, and asks why he has rent his +robes for grief, when there is one that has the Spirit of God, the +counsellor of Nebuchadnezzar, the interpreter of his dreams, through the +holy Spirit of God.</p> +<p>The name of this man is Daniel, who was brought a captive from +Judæa.</p> +<p>The queen tells the king to send for Daniel.</p> +<p>Her counsel is accepted.</p> +<p>Daniel comes before Belshazzar.</p> +<p>The king tells him that he has heard of his wisdom, and his power to +discover hidden things, and that he wants to know the meaning of the +writing on the wall.</p> +<p>Promises him, if he can explain the text of the letters and their +interpretation, to clothe him in purple and pall, and put a ring about +his neck, and to make him “a baron upon bench.”</p> +<p>Daniel addresses the king, and reminds him how that God supported his +father, and gave him power to exalt or abase whomsoever he pleased.</p> +<p>Nebuchadnezzar was established on account of his faith in God.</p> +<p>So long as he remained true, no man was greater.</p> +<p>But at last pride touches his heart.</p> +<p>He forgets the power of God, and blasphemes His name.</p> +<p>He says that he is “god of the ground,” and the builder of +Babylon.</p> +<p>Hardly had Nebuchadnezzar spoken, when God’s voice is heard, saying, +“Thy principality is departed.</p> +<p>Thou, removed from men, must abide on the moor, and walk with wild +beasts, eat herbs, and dwell with wolves and asses.”</p> +<p>For his pride he becomes an outcast.</p> +<p>He believes himself to be a bull or an ox.</p> +<p>Goes “on all fours,” like a cow, for seven summers.</p> +<p>His thighs grew thick.</p> +<p>His hair became matted and thick, from the shoulders to the toes.</p> +<p>His beard touched the earth.</p> +<p>His brows were like briars.</p> +<p>His eyes were hollow, and grey as the kite’s.</p> +<p>Eagle-hued he was.</p> +<p>At last he recovered his “wit,” and believed in God.</p> +<p>Then soon was he restored to his seat.</p> +<p>But thou, Belshazzar, hast disregarded these signs, and hast +blasphemed the Lord, defiled his vessels, filling them with wine for thy +wenches, and praising thy lifeless gods.</p> +<p>For this sin God has sent thee this strange sight, the fist with the +fingers writing on the wall.</p> +<p>These are the words: “Mene, Tekel, Peres.</p> +<div class="inset"> +<p>Mene.— God has counted thy kingdom and finished it.</p> +<p>Tekel.—Thy reign is weighed and is found wanting in deeds of +faith.</p> +<p>Peres.— Thy kingdom is divided, and given to the Persians.</p> +</div> +<p>The Medes shall be masters here.”</p> +<p>The king commands Daniel to be clothed in a frock of fine cloth.</p> +<p>Soon is he arrayed in purple, with a chain about his neck.</p> +<p>A decree is made, that all should bow to him, as the third lord that +followed Belshazzar.</p> +<p>The decree was made known, and all were glad.</p> +<p>The day, however, past.</p> +<p>Night came on.</p> +<p>Before another day dawned, Daniel’s words were fulfilled.</p> +<p>The feast lasts till the sun falls.</p> +<p>The skies become dark.</p> +<p>Each noble hies home to his supper.</p> +<p>Belshazzar is carried to bed, but never rises from it, for his foes +are seeking to destroy his land, and are assembled suddenly.</p> +<p>The enemy is Darius, leader of the Medes.</p> +<p>He has legions of armed men.</p> +<p>Under cover of the darkness, they cross the river.</p> +<p>By means of ladders they get upon the walls, and within an hour enter +the city, without disturbing any of the watch.</p> +<p>They run into the palace, and raise a great cry.</p> +<p>Men are slain in their beds.</p> +<p>Belshazzar is beaten to death, and caught by the heels, is foully +cast into a ditch.</p> +<p>Darius is crowned king, and makes peace with the barons.</p> +<p>Thus the land was lost for the king’s sin.</p> +<p>He was cursed for his uncleanness, and deprived of his honour, as +well as of the joys of heaven.</p> +<p>Thus in three ways has it been shown, that uncleanness makes God +angry.</p> +<p>Cleanness is His comfort.</p> +<p>The seemly shall see his face.</p> +<p>God give us grace to serve in His sight!</p> + + +<h4><a name="side_patience" id="side_patience"> +<i>Patience</i>: Sidenotes</a></h4> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#patience_I">I.</a></h5> + +<p>Patience is often displeasing, but it assuages heavy hearts, and +quenches malice.</p> +<p>Happiness follows sorrow.</p> +<p>It is better to suffer than to be angry.</p> +<p>Matthew tells us of the promises made by Christ: Blessed are the +poor, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.</p> +<p>Blessed are the meek, for they shall “wield the world.”</p> +<p>Blessed are the mourners, for they shall be comforted.</p> +<p>Blessed are the hungry, for they shall be filled.</p> +<p>Blessed are the merciful, for mercy shall be their reward.</p> +<p>Blessed are the clean of heart, for they shall see the Saviour.</p> +<p>Blessed are the peace-makers, for they shall be called God’s +sons.</p> +<p>Blessed are they that live aright, for theirs is the kingdom of +heaven.</p> +<p>These blessings are promised to those who follow poverty, pity, +penance, meekness, mercy, chastity, peace and patience.</p> +<p>Poverty and patience are to be treated together.</p> +<p>They are “fettled in one form,” and have one meed.</p> +<p>Poverty will dwell where she lists, and man must needs suffer.</p> +<p>Poverty and patience are play-fellows.</p> +<p>What avails impatience, if God send affliction?</p> +<p>Patience is best.</p> +<p>Did not Jonah incur danger by his folly?</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#patience_II">II.</a></h5> + +<p>Jonah was a prophet of the gentiles.</p> +<p>God’s word came to him, saying, “Rise quickly, take the way to +Nineveh.</p> +<p>Say that which I shall put in thine heart.</p> +<p>Wickedness dwells in that city.</p> +<p>Go swiftly and carry my message.”</p> +<p>Jonah is full of wrath.</p> +<p>He is afraid that the shrews will put him in the stocks, or put out +his eyes.</p> +<p>He thinks that God desires his death.</p> +<p>He determines not to go near the city, but fly to Tarshish.</p> +<p>Grumbling, he goes to port Joppa.</p> +<p>He says that God will not be able to protect him.</p> +<p>Jonah reaches the port, finds a ship ready to sail.</p> +<p>The seamen catch up the cross-sail, fasten the cables, weigh their +anchors, and spread sail.</p> +<p>A gentle wind wafts the ship along.</p> +<p>Was never a Jew so joyful as was Jonah then.</p> +<p>He has, however, put himself in peril, in fleeing from God.</p> +<p>The words of David.</p> +<p>Does He not hear, who made all ears?</p> +<p>He is not blind that formed each eye.</p> +<p>Jonah is now in no dread.</p> +<p>He is, however, soon overtaken.</p> +<p>The wielder of all things has devices at will.</p> +<p>He commands Eurus and Aquilo to blow.</p> +<p>The winds blow obedient to His word.</p> +<p>Out of the north-east the noise begins.</p> +<p>Storms arose, winds wrestled together, the waves rolled high, and +never rested.</p> +<p>Then was Jonah joyless.</p> +<p>The boat reeled around.</p> +<p>The gear became out of order.</p> +<p>Ropes and mast were broken.</p> +<p>A loud cry is raised, Many a lad labours to lighten the ship.</p> +<p>They throw overboard their bags and feather beds.</p> +<p>But still the wind rages, and the waves become wilder.</p> +<p>Each man calls upon his god.</p> +<p>Some called upon Vernagu, Diana, and Neptune, to the sun and to the +moon.</p> +<p>Then said one of the sailors: “Some lawless wretch, that has grieved +his God, is in the ship.</p> +<p>I advise that we lay lots upon each man.</p> +<p>When the guilty is gone the tempest may cease.”</p> +<p>This is agreed to.</p> +<p>All are assembled, from all corners of the ship, save Jonah the Jew, +who had fled into the bottom of the boat.</p> +<p>There he falls asleep.</p> +<p>Soon he is aroused, and brought on board.</p> +<p>Full roughly is he questioned.</p> +<p>The lot falls upon Jonah.</p> +<p>Then quickly they said: “What the devil hast thou done, doted +wretch?</p> +<p>What seekest thou on the sea?</p> +<p>Hast thou no God to call upon?</p> +<p>Of what land art thou?</p> +<p>Thou art doomed for thy ill deeds.”</p> +<p>Jonah says: “I am a Hebrew, a worshipper of the world’s Creator.</p> +<p>All this mischief is caused by me, therefore cast me overboard.”</p> +<p>He proves to them that he was guilty.</p> +<p>The mariners are exceedingly frightened.</p> +<p>They try to make way with their oars, but their endeavours are +useless.</p> +<p>Jonah must be doomed to death.</p> +<p>They pray to God, that they may not shed innocent blood.</p> +<p>Jonah is cast overboard.</p> +<p>The tempest ceases and the sea settles.</p> +<p>The stiff streams drive the ship about.</p> +<p>At last they reach a bank.</p> +<p>The seamen thank God, and perform solemn vows.</p> +<p>Jonah is in great dread.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#patience_III">III.</a></h5> + +<p>Jonah is shoved from the ship.</p> +<p>A wild whale swims by the boat.</p> +<p>He opens his swallow, and seizes the prophet.</p> +<p>It is not to be wondered at that Jonah suffered woe.</p> +<p>The prophet is without hope.</p> +<p>Cold was his comfort.</p> +<p>Jonah was only a mote in the whale’s jaws.</p> +<p>He entered in by the gills, and by means of one of the intestines of +the fish, came into a space as large as a hall.</p> +<p>The prophet fixes his feet firmly in the belly of the whale.</p> +<p>He searches into every nook of its navel.</p> +<p>The prophet calls upon God.</p> +<p>He cries for mercy.</p> +<p>He sits safely in a recess, in a bowel of the beast, for three days +and three nights.</p> +<p>The whale passes through many a rough region.</p> +<p>Jonah makes the whale feel sick.</p> +<p>The prophet prays to God in this wise:</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#patience_IV">IV.</a></h5> + +<p>“Lord! to thee have I cried out of hell’s womb.</p> +<p>Thou dippedst me in the sea.</p> +<p>Thy great floods passed over me.</p> +<p>The streams drive over me.</p> +<p>I am cast out from thy sight.</p> +<p>The abyss binds me.</p> +<p>The rushing waves play on my head.</p> +<p>Thou possessest my life.</p> +<p>In my anguish I remembered my God, and besought His pity.</p> +<p>When I am delivered from this danger, I will obey thy commands.”</p> +<p>God speaks fiercely to the whale, and he vomits out the prophet on a +dry space.</p> +<p>Jonah has need to wash his clothes.</p> +<p>God’s word comes to the prophet.</p> +<p>He is told to preach in Nineveh.</p> +<p>By night Jonah reaches the city.</p> +<p>Nineveh was a very great city.</p> +<p>Jonah delivers his message; “Yet forty days and Nineveh shall come to +an end.</p> +<p>It shall be turned upside down, and swallowed quickly by the black +earth.”</p> +<p>This speech spreads throughout the city.</p> +<p>Great fear seizes all.</p> +<p>The people mourn secretly, clothe themselves in sackcloth, and cast +ashes upon their heads.</p> +<p>The message reaches the ears of the king.</p> +<p>He rends his robes, clothes himself in sackloth, and mourns in the +dust.</p> +<p>He issues a decree, that all in the city, men, beasts, women and +children, prince, priest, and prelates, should fast for their sins.</p> +<p>Children are to be weaned from the breast.</p> +<p>The ox is to have no hay, nor the horse any water.</p> +<p>Who can tell if God will have mercy?</p> +<p>Though He is mighty, He is merciful, and may forgive us our +guilt.</p> +<p>All believed and repented.</p> +<p>God forgave them through his goodness.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#patience_V">V.</a></h5> + +<p>Much sorrow settles upon Jonah.</p> +<p>He becomes very angry.</p> +<p>He prays to God and says: “Was not this my saying, when Thy message +reached me in my own country?</p> +<p>I knew Thy great goodness, Thy long-suffering, and Thy mercy.</p> +<p>I knew these men might make their peace with Thee, therefore I fled +unto Tarshish.</p> +<p>Take my life from me, O Lord!</p> +<p>It is better for me to die than live.”</p> +<p>God upbraids Jonah, saying: “Is this right to be so wroth?”</p> +<p>Jonah, jangling, uprises, and makes himself a bower, of hay and +ever-fern, to shield him from the sun.</p> +<p>He slept heavily all night.</p> +<p>God prepared a woodbine.</p> +<p>Jonah awakes, and is exceedingly glad of the bower.</p> +<p>The prophet, under its gracious leaves, is protected from the sun’s +rays.</p> +<p>Jonah wishes he had such a lodge in his own country.</p> +<p>God prepared a worm, that made the woodbine wither.</p> +<p>Jonah awakes and finds his woodbine destroyed.</p> +<p>The leaves were all faded.</p> +<p>The sun beat upon the head of Jonah.</p> +<p>He is exceedingly angry, and prays God that he may die.</p> +<p>God rebukes the prophet.</p> +“Dost thou well,” He says, “to be angry for the gourd?” +<p>Jonah replies, “I would I were dead.”</p> +<p>God asks if it is to be wondered at that He should help His handy +work.</p> +<p>Is not Jonah angry that his woodbine is destroyed, which cost him no +labour?</p> +<p>God is not to be blamed for taking pity upon people that He made.</p> +<p>Should He destroy Nineveh the sorrow of such a sweet place would sink +to His heart.</p> +<p>In the city there are little bairns who have done no wrong.</p> +<p>And there are others who cannot discern between their right hand and +their left hand.</p> +<p>There are also dumb beasts in the city incapable of sinning.</p> +<p>Judgment must be tempered with mercy.</p> +<p>He that is too hasty to rend his clothes must afterwards sit with +worse ones to sew them together.</p> +<p>Poverty and pain must be endured.</p> +<p>Patience is a noble point, though it displeases oft.</p> + +</div> +<!-- end div sidenotes --> + +<div class="endnote"> +<h4><a name="endnote" id="endnote">Text and Layout</a></h4> + +<p>The text is intended to replicate the layout of the printed book as +closely as possible.</p> + +<p><b>Headnotes</b>, printed at the top of each page, have been moved to +the most appropriate sentence break. Some shorter headnote pairs may be +merged into one. <b>Sidenotes</b> giving plot summary are placed close +to their original location.</p> + +<p>The <b>Notes</b> were originally printed as a short (12 pages) +section before the Glossarial Index. For this e-text they have been +distributed among their respective texts. Links to the Notes are +intended to be visible but not distracting.</p> + +<p><b>Text-Critical Notes</b> such as variant readings have been handled +differently than in the printed book, where they appeared either as +footnotes (numbered) or sidenotes (sometimes but not always marked). +Here, the word they refer to is <span class="texttag">underlined</span> if necessary, and the note itself will +generally have this form:</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>leak</i>] the <i>t</i> of the MS. has a <i>k</i> over it.</p> + +<p>Where a single word has both an endnote and a marginal note, the link +to the endnote is shown.</p> + +<hr class="small"> + +<p><a name="endnoteA" id="endnoteA" href="#endtagA">A.</a> +An unusual typographical error, shown with beginnings of adjoining +lines:</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<img src="images/page_xl.png" width="170" height="78" +alt="page image"></p> + +<hr class="small"> + +<p class="center"> +<a href="#start">Back to Top</a><br> +<a href="#preface">Preface</a><br> +<a href="poems.html#pearl"><i>The Pearl</i></a> (<i>separate +file</i>)<br> +<a href="poems.html#cleanness"><i>Cleanness</i></a> (<i>separate +file</i>)<br> +<a href="poems.html#patience"><i>Patience</i></a> (<i>separate +file</i>)<br> +<a href="glossary.html">Glossarial Index</a> (<i>separate +file</i>)<br> +<a href="#sidenotes">Sidenotes</a><br> +</p> +</div> + +</div> +<!-- end div maintext --> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of Project Gutenberg's Early English Alliterative Poems, by Various + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK EARLY ENGLISH ALLITERATIVE POEMS *** + +***** This file should be named 30282-h.htm or 30282-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + https://www.gutenberg.org/3/0/2/8/30282/ + +Produced by Louise Hope, David Starner and the Online +Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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border-bottom: thin dashed red;} + + +/* page number */ + +span.pagenum {position: absolute; font-size: 88%; font-weight: normal; +font-style: normal; text-indent: 0;} + + +/* Transcriber's Note */ + +.mynote {background-color: #DDE; color: inherit; +font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 90%;} +div.mynote {padding: .5em 1em 1em; margin: 1em 0;} +p.mynote {margin: 1em 5%; padding: 1em;} + +div.contents {margin: 2em 4em; padding: .5em; border: 3px ridge #669; +font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 90%;} + +div.endnote {padding: .5em 1em; margin: 2em 0; +border: 3px ridge #669; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 90%;} +div.endnote p, div.mynote p {margin-left: 0; text-indent: 0; +margin-top: .5em;} + diff --git a/30282-h/glossary.html b/30282-h/glossary.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..157e366 --- /dev/null +++ b/30282-h/glossary.html @@ -0,0 +1,15245 @@ +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> +<html> +<head> +<title>Early English Alliterative Poems: Glossarial Index</title> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> + +<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="allit_styles.css"> + +<style type="text/css"> + +div.glossary {font-size: 95%;} + +p {margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em; margin-top: .3em; clear: left;} +p.letterhead {margin-left: 25%; margin-top: 2em; margin-bottom: .5em; +font-weight: bold;} + +p.author {margin-left: 25%;} +p.continue {text-indent: 0;} +p.quotation {text-indent: 0; margin-right: 2em; +font-size: 92%;} + +div.verse {font-size: 92%; margin: .5em 0 .5em 2em;} +div.verse p {margin-top: 0; line-height: inherit; +margin-left: 2em; text-indent: -2em;} +div.verse p.indent {margin-left: 4em;} +div.verse p.author {margin-left: 25%;} + +table {margin-top: .2em; margin-bottom: -.2em;} +table.inner {margin: 0;} + +table p {margin-left: .5em; text-indent: -.5em; line-height: 1.2;} + +td.bracket {line-height: 1.5;} +td.bracket.three {background-image: url("images/bracket3.gif");} +td.bracket.four {background-image: url("images/bracket4.gif");} + +p.bracket {float: left; width: auto; background-repeat: no-repeat; +background-position: 95% 50%; text-indent: 0; line-height: 1.5; +background-image: url("images/bracket.gif"); +padding-right: .75em; margin: .3em .25em .3em 0;} +p.bracket + p {padding-left: 0; text-indent: 0; +clear: none;} + +span.greek {border-bottom: 1px dotted #666;} + +span.pagenum {right: 95%; text-align: right;} + +</style> + +</head> + +<body> + +<div class="maintext"> + +<div class="contents"> + +<table class="toc" summary="contents"> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> +<a href="main.html">Introductory Material</a> (<i>main file</i>)</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="3"> +<hr class="mid"> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> +<a href="poems.html#pearl">The Pearl</a> (<i>separate file</i>)</td> +<td class="number"><a href="poems.html#page1">1</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> +<a href="poems.html#cleanness">Cleanness</a> (<i>separate +file</i>)</td> +<td class="number"><a href="poems.html#page37">37</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> +<a href="poems.html#patience">Patience</a> (<i>separate file</i>)</td> +<td class="number"><a href="poems.html#page89">89</a></td> +</tr> +</table> + +</div> + +<span class="pagenum">117</span> +<a name="page117" id="page117"> </a> +<h3><a name="glossary" id="glossary">GLOSSARIAL INDEX</a></h3> + +<div class="mynote"> + +<p>Note that I and J are listed separately, while all initial U except +the one-letter word “u” are listed under V. As explained in the +editor’s List of Abbreviations, the letters A, B, C refer respectively +to <i>The Pearl</i>, <i>Cleanness</i> and <i>Patience</i>. Except for +cross-references (“See...”), all links are to these external files.</p> + +<p class="center"> +<a href="#gloss_A"> A </a> +<a href="#gloss_B"> B </a> +<a href="#gloss_C"> C </a> +<a href="#gloss_D"> D </a> +<a href="#gloss_E"> E </a> +<a href="#gloss_F"> F </a> +<a href="#gloss_G"> G </a> +<a href="#gloss_H"> H </a> +<a href="#gloss_I"> I </a> +<a href="#gloss_J"> J </a> +<a href="#gloss_K"> K </a> +<a href="#gloss_L"> L </a> +<a href="#gloss_M"> M </a><br> +<a href="#gloss_N"> N </a> +<a href="#gloss_O"> O </a> +<a href="#gloss_P"> P </a> +<a href="#gloss_Q"> Q </a> +<a href="#gloss_R"> R </a> +<a href="#gloss_S"> S </a> +<a href="#gloss_T"> T </a> +<a href="#gloss_U"> U </a> +<a href="#gloss_V"> UV </a> +<a href="#gloss_W"> W </a> +<a href="#gloss_Y"> Y </a> +<a href="#gloss_Z"> Ȝ </a> +</p> +</div> + +<div class="glossary"> + +<p class="letterhead"> +<a name="gloss_A" id="gloss_A" href="#glossary">A</a></p> + +<p>Abate, lessen, put an end to<ins class="correction" title="text has . for ,">, </ins><a href="poems.html#pearl_line120">A. 123</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1356">B. 1356</a>.</p> + +<p>Abate, abode, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line616">A. 617</a>.</p> + +<p>Abayst, downcast, abashed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line148">B. +149</a>, pret. of <i>abaisse</i> or <i>abash</i>, Fr. +<i>esbahir</i>.</p> + +<p>Able, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line596">A. 599</a>.</p> + +<p>Abof, above, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1020">A. 1023</a>.</p> + +<p>Abominacione, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1172">B. 1173</a>.</p> + +<p>Abroched, commenced, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1120">A. +1123</a>.</p> + +<p>Abyde, (<i>a</i>) await, <a href="poems.html#clean_line436">A. +436</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line484">486</a>; (<i>b</i>) +endure, <a href="poems.html#patience_line4">B. 7</a>. A.S. +<i>abidan</i>.</p> + +<p>Abydyng, <i>sb.</i> <a href="poems.html#patience_line416">C. +419</a>.</p> + +<p>Abyme, abyss, <a href="poems.html#clean_line360">A. 363</a>; +<a href="poems.html#patience_line140">B. 143</a>.</p> + +<p>Abyt, habit, dress, <a href="poems.html#clean_line140">B. +141</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Accorde,<br> +Acorde,</td> +<td><p>agreement, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line508">A. 509</a>, Fr. +<i>accorder</i>, to agree with.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Achaped, escaped, <a href="poems.html#clean_line968">B. +970</a>.</p> + +<p>Achaufe, kindle, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1140">B. +1143</a>.</p> + +<p>Acheue, accomplish, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line472">A. +475</a>.</p> + +<p>Acroche, encroach, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1068">A. 1069</a>, +Fr. <i>accrocher</i>, to hook on; from <i>croc</i>, a hook.</p> + +<p>Adaunt = daunt, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line156">A. 157</a>.</p> + +<p>Adoun, down, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line988">A. 988</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line952">B. 953</a>.</p> + +<p>Adreȝ, aside, aback, <a href="poems.html#clean_line68">B. 71</a>. +The word is used by Gower under the form <i>adrigh</i>. <i>O-dreghe</i>, +<i>one-dreghe</i>, +<span class="pagenum">117b</span> +<a name="page117b" id="page117b"> </a> +are other forms of the word. Sc. <i>on-dreich</i>.</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>“The tother withdrewe, <i>one-dreghe</i></p> +<p>And durste do none other.”</p> +<p class="author">(Morte Arthure, p. 352.)</p> +<p>“The tother droȝhe him <i>o-dreghe</i> for drede of the knyȝte.”</p> +<p class="author">(Anturs of Arther, xliv. 3.)</p> +<p>“He with drogh hym <i>a draght</i> & a dyn made.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 1224.)</p> +</div> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Adubbement,<br> +Adubmente,</td> +<td><p>adornment, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line84">A. 84, 85</a>, +O.Fr. <i>adoubement</i>; <i>dober</i>, <i>douber</i>, garnish, deck; Fr. +<i>douber</i>, to rig or trim a ship; Prov. Fr. <i>adobar</i>, to +arrange, prepare.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Adyte, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line348">A. 349</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_affraye" id="gloss_affraye">Affraye</a>, +<i>sb.</i> fear, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1172">A. 1174</a>; +<i>vb.</i> frighten, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1780">B. 1780</a>; +Fr. <i>effrayer</i>, to scare, affright; <i>effroi</i>, terror. Cf. +<i>fray</i>, to scare birds.</p> + +<p>Affyen, trust, <a href="poems.html#patience_line328">C. +331</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket three"> +Agayn,<br> +Agayne,<br> +Agaynes,</td> +<td><p>against, <a href="poems.html#clean_line264">B. 266</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line824">826</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1708">1711</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Agayneȝ, towards, <a href="poems.html#clean_line608">B. +611</a>.</p> + +<p>Agayn-tote, <i>sb.</i> a looking back, <a href="poems.html#clean_line928">B. 931</a>. <i>Tote</i>, look, peep, as a +<span class="pagenum">118</span> +<a name="page118" id="page118"> </a> +verb or a noun, is common in Old English writers.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“She went up wightly by a wall syde,</p> +<p>To the toppe of a tower, & <i>tot</i> ouer the water.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 862.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Age, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line412">A. 412</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line424">B. 426</a>.</p> + +<p>Aglyȝte, slipped from, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line244">A. +245</a>. <i>Glyȝt</i>, as a verb, signifies not only to slip but to +<i>glance</i>, look. Cf. <i>leme</i> = gleam, glance, slip.</p> + +<p>Alabaunderynes, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1468">B. +1470</a>.</p> + +<p>Alarom, alarm, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1204">B. 1207</a>.</p> + +<p>Al-bare, clearly, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1024">A. +1025</a>.</p> + +<p>Alce = als, also, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1376">B. +1377</a>.</p> + +<p>Alder = elder, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line620">A. 621</a>, +<i>Aldest</i>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1040">A. 1042</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1332">B. 1333</a>.</p> + +<p>Alder-men, elders, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line884">A. +887</a>.</p> + +<p>Alegge, alledge, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line700">A. 703</a>.</p> + +<p>Aliche, alike, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1476">B. 1477</a>.</p> + +<p>Alkaran = alkatran, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1032">B. +1035</a>.</p> + +<p>Alle-kynneȝ, all kinds of, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1028">A. +1028</a>.</p> + +<p>Allyt = a lyt = ? a little, <a href="poems.html#clean_line596">B. +599</a>.</p> + +<p>Almyȝt, almighty, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line496">A. +498</a>.</p> + +<p>Alofte, on high, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1180">B. +1183</a>.</p> + +<p>Al-one, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line932">A. 933</a>.</p> + +<p>Al-only, except, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line776">A. 779</a>.</p> + +<p>Alosed, destroyed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line272">B. 274</a>. +See <a href="#gloss_lose"><i>lose</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Alow, approve, praise, reward, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line632">A. 634</a>. O.Fr. <i>louer</i>. Lat. +<i>laudare</i>.</p> + +<p>Aloynte, removed, far from (from O.E. <i>aloigne</i>, <i>alogne</i>, +to remove, carry off. O.Fr. <i>aloigner</i>).</p> + +<p>Aloȝ, alow, softly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line668">B. +670</a>.</p> + +<p>Als, also, <a href="poems.html#clean_line252">A. 253</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line824">827</a>, <a href="poems.html#patience_line516">B. 516</a>.</p> + +<p>Also, as, <a href="poems.html#clean_line984">B. 984</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1044">1045</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1792">1792</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket three"> +Also-tyd,<br> +Als-tyd,<br> +As-tyd,</td> +<td><p>at once, immediately, <a href="poems.html#clean_line64">B. +64</a>. See <a href="#gloss_tyd"><i>tyd</i></a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<span class="pagenum">118b</span> +<a name="page118b" id="page118b"> </a> + +<p>Al-þaȝ, although, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line756">A. +759</a>.</p> + +<p>Alþer-fayrest, fairest of all, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1376">B. 1379</a>.</p> + +<p>Alþer-fynest, finest of all, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1636">B. +1637</a>.</p> + +<p>Alþer-rychest, richest of all, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1664">B. 1666</a>.</p> + +<p>Alþer-swettest, sweetest of all, <a href="poems.html#clean_line696">B. 699</a>.</p> + +<p>Alum, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1032">B. 1035</a>.</p> + +<p>Amaffised, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1468">B. 1470</a>.</p> + +<p>Amaraunȝ, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1468">B. 1470</a>.</p> + +<p>Amatyst, amethyst, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1016">A. +1016</a>.</p> + +<p>Ame, (1) <i>vb.</i> place, <a href="poems.html#clean_line696">A. +698</a>; (2) <i>sb.</i> purpose, <a href="poems.html#patience_line128">B. 128</a>. Germ. <i>ahmen</i>. +Bavarian, <i>amen</i>, <i>hämen</i>, to guage a cask, fathom, +measure.</p> + +<p>Amended, <a href="poems.html#clean_line248">B. 248</a>.</p> + +<p>Amesyng, <i>sb.</i> moderation, <a href="poems.html#patience_line400">C. 400</a>. See <a href="#gloss_mese"><i>mese</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Amoneste, admonish, <a href="poems.html#clean_line816">B. +818</a>.</p> + +<p>Amounted, <a href="poems.html#clean_line392">B. 395</a>.</p> + +<p>Amoynt, company, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line892">A. 895</a>.</p> + +<p>And = an, if, <a href="poems.html#clean_line864">B. 864</a>.</p> + +<p>An-ende (on-ende), lastly, finally, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line184">A. 186</a>.</p> + +<p>An-ende = anente, opposite, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1136">A. +1136</a>; respecting, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line696">A. +697</a>.</p> + +<p>An-endeȝ = anentes, opposite, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line972">A. +975</a>. Sc. <i>anens</i>.</p> + +<p>Anger, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line340">A. 343</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line572">B. 572</a>.</p> + +<p>Angré, bitter, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1032">B. 1035</a>.</p> + +<p>Anguych, anguish, <a href="poems.html#patience_line324">C. +325</a>.</p> + +<p>Ankreȝ, anchors, <a href="poems.html#clean_line416">A. 418</a>, +<a href="poems.html#patience_line100">B. 103</a>.</p> + +<p>Anon, at once (= anane, onane, in one moment), <a href="poems.html#pearl_line584">A. 584</a>.</p> + +<p>Anournement, ornament, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1288">B. +1290</a>.</p> + +<p>Anoynted, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1444">B. 1446</a>.</p> + +<p>Answar, answer, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line516">A. 518</a>.</p> + +<p>Anter, peril, <a href="poems.html#patience_line240">C. 242</a>. To +<i>aunter</i>, put a thyng in daunger, or adventure, <i>adventurer</i> +(Palsgrave).</p> + +<span class="pagenum">119</span> +<a name="page119" id="page119"> </a> + +<p>An-vnder, under, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1080">A. 1081</a>. +Sc. <i>anonder</i>. Cf. <i>down</i> and <i>adown</i>, <i>low</i> and +<i>alow</i>.</p> + +<p>Aparaunt, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1004">B. 1007</a>.</p> + +<p>Apassed, past, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line540">A. 540</a>.</p> + +<p>Apert, openly, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line588">A. 589</a>.</p> + +<p>Apparaylmente, ornaments, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1052">A. +1052</a>.</p> + +<p>Apparement, ornaments, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1268">B. +1270</a>. Fr. <i>appareiller</i>, to fit, suit.</p> + +<p>Appose, <i>vb.</i> question, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line900">A. +902</a>. Fr. <i>apposer</i>, to lay or set on, or near to.</p> + +<p>Aproche, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line684">A. 686</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line8">B. 8</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line164">167</a>. Fr. <i>approcher</i>, draw near. +Lat. <i>prope</i>, near.</p> + +<p>Apyke, adorn, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1476">B. 1479</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1636">1637</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_aquyle" id="gloss_aquyle">Aquyle</a>, demand, ask, +obtain, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line688">A. 690</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line964">966</a>. O.Fr. <i>aquillir</i>, to +gather.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Aray,<br> +Araye,</td> +<td><p><a href="poems.html#pearl_line716">A. 719</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1164">1166</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line816">B. 816</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1440">1442</a>. O.Fr. <i>arroyer</i>, +<i>arréer</i>, dispose, set in order.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Arayned, arraigned, <a href="poems.html#patience_line188">C. +191</a>. O.Fr. <i>arraisonner</i>, <i>arraigner</i>.</p> + +<p>Are, before, previously, <a href="poems.html#clean_line436">B. +438</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1128">1128</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_arende" id="gloss_arende">Arende</a>, errand, +message, <a href="poems.html#patience_line72">C. 72</a>, A.S. +<i>aerend</i>, <i>aerende</i>.</p> + +<p>Arest, <i>sb.</i> abode, resting place, <a href="poems.html#clean_line904">B. 906</a>.</p> + +<p>Areset, <i>vb.</i> stop, cease, <a href="poems.html#clean_line764">A. 766</a>, remain, <a href="poems.html#patience_line144">B. 144</a>. Fr. <i>arrester</i>. Lat. +<i>arestare</i>.</p> + +<p>Arewarde, apostate, <a href="poems.html#clean_line208">B. 208</a>. +Sc. <i>areird</i>, backward.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Arn,<br> +Arne,</td> +<td><p>are, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line456">A. 458</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line628">628</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line8">B. 8</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1808">1810</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Aryue, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line444">A. 447</a>.</p> + +<p>Aryȝt, aright, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line112">A. 112</a>.</p> + +<p>Arȝe, terrify, frighten, fear, <a href="poems.html#clean_line572">B. 572</a>, +<span class="pagenum">119b</span> +<a name="page119b" id="page119b"> </a> +713. Provincial <i>arfe</i>, <i>arghe</i>, afraid. Cf. “<i>Arwe</i> or +ferefulle (<i>arwhe</i>, K. arowe or ferdfulle P.). Timidus, +pavidus, formidolus.” (Prompt. Parv.) The original notion is that of +laziness, inertness, and hence timidity, fear, etc. A.S. <i>earg</i>, +inert, timid, weak. Ger. <i>arg</i>, bad. Du. <i>erg</i>. Icel. +<i>argr</i>, lazy, cowardly. Sc. <i>argh</i>, <i>arch</i>, to hesitate, +be reluctant.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Antenor <i>arghet</i> with austerne wordes.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 1977.)</p> +<p>“Antenor, <i>arghly</i> auntrid of ship.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 1831.)</p> +<p>“A! Anec. quoth the qwene</p> +<p>me <i>arȝes</i> of my selfe,</p> +<p>I am all in aunter, sa</p> +<p class="indent">akis me the wame.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 29.)</p> +<p>“Sir Alexander and his ost was <i>arȝed</i> unfaire.”</p> +<p class="author">(<i>Ibid.</i> p. 132.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Ar, are, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1724">B. 1725</a>.</p> + +<p>Are ? ane, one, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line708">A. 711</a>.</p> + +<p>As, also, <a href="poems.html#clean_line176">B. 179</a>.</p> + +<p>As-bare, ? <i>al bare</i>, clearly, openly, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line836">A. 836</a>.</p> + +<p>Asayl, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1188">B. 1188</a>.</p> + +<p>Ascape, escape, <a href="poems.html#clean_line568">B. 569</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_ascry" id="gloss_ascry">Ascry</a>, <i>sb.</i> cry, +outcry, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1784">A. 1784</a>. <i>vb</i>. +<a href="poems.html#patience_line192">B. 195</a>. Swed. <i>anskri</i>, +outcry, scream. O.N. <i>skri</i>, cry.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Asent,<br> +Asente,</td> +<td><p><a href="poems.html#pearl_line388">A. 391</a>, “in +<i>asent</i>,” <a href="poems.html#clean_line788">B. 788</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Askeȝ, ashes, <a href="poems.html#clean_line624">B. 626</a>.</p> + +<p>Askry, shout, cry, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1204">B. 1206</a>. +See <a href="#gloss_ascry"><i>ascry</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Aslypped, escaped, lost, <a href="poems.html#patience_line216">C. +218</a>.</p> + +<p>Aspaltoun, asphalt, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1036">B. +1038</a>.</p> + +<p>Asperly, sharply, <a href="poems.html#patience_line372">C. +373</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">120</span> +<a name="page120" id="page120"> </a> + +<p>Assayl, <a href="poems.html#patience_line300">C. 301</a>.</p> + +<p>Asscaped, escaped, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1776">B. +1776</a>.</p> + +<p>Asscry, cry, shout. See <a href="#gloss_ascry"><i>ascry</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Assemble, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1364">B. 1364</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1768">1769</a>.</p> + +<p>Assemblé, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line760">A. 760</a>.</p> + +<p>Asspye, espy, see, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line704">A. 704</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line1032">1035</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Assyse,<br> +Asyse,</td> +<td><p>form, fashion, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line96">A. 97</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line844">A. 844</a>, service, <a href="poems.html#clean_line636">B. 639</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Astate, state, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line392">A. 393</a>.</p> + +<p>Astraye, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1160">A. 1162</a>.</p> + +<p>Astel, stole from, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1524">B. +1524</a>.</p> + +<p>As-tyt, immediately, at once, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line644">A. +645</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line932">B. 935</a>.</p> + +<p>Asure, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1408">B. 1411</a>.</p> + +<p>Aswage, <a href="poems.html#patience">A. 3</a>.</p> + +<p>At, that, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line672">A. 672</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_atlyng" id="gloss_atlyng">Atlyng</a>, purpose, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line688">B. 688</a>. Sc. <i>ettle</i>, to +endeavour. N.Prov.E. <i>ettle</i>, <i>attle</i>, intend. Icel. +<i>aetla</i>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Armur & all thing <i>atlet</i> before.”</p> +<p class="author"><ins class="correction" title="text has (T. B., 855).">(T. B., 855.)</ins></p> +</div> + +<p>Aþel, noble, <a href="poems.html#clean_line256">A. 258</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line408">411</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line940">940</a>, gracious, <a href="poems.html#clean_line760">A. 761</a>, fine, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1276">B. 1276</a>, A.S. aeþele, noble, +excellent.</p> + +<p>Atount, so much (?), <a href="poems.html#pearl_line176">A. +179</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_atslyke" id="gloss_atslyke">At-slyke</a>, slip +away, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line572">A. 575</a>.</p> + +<p>Atteny, attain, reach, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line548">A. +548</a>.</p> + +<p>Attled, endeavoured. See <a href="#gloss_atlyng"><i>atlyng</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Attled, endowed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line204">B. 207</a>. It +sometimes occurs under the form <i>aghteld</i>. N.Prov.E. <i>ettle</i>, +to deal out, distribute. A.S. <i>aeht</i>, possession.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“She was eldist & heire <i>etlit</i> to his londes.”</p> +<p class="author">(<ins class="correction" title="text has T. B.,">T. B.</ins> 394.)</p> +</div> + +<p>At-wappe, escape, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1204">B. 1205</a>. +See <a href="#gloss_wap"><i>Wap</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Atyre, <a href="poems.html#clean_line112">B. 114</a>.</p> + +<p>Augoste, august, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line36">A. 39</a>.</p> + +<p>Auncetereȝ, auncestors, <a href="poems.html#clean_line256">B. +258</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">120b</span> +<a name="page120b" id="page120b"> </a> +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Aven,<br> +Aune,</td> +<td><p>own, <a href="poems.html#clean_line8">B. 11</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1220">1222</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Aunte, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line232">A. 233</a>.</p> + +<p>Aunter, adventure, marvel, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1600">B. +1600</a>. See <ins class="correction" title="text has T. B.,">T. B.</ins> 1899.</p> + +<p>Auter, altar, <a href="poems.html#clean_line8">B. 10</a>.</p> + +<p>Autly, noble, <a href="poems.html#clean_line792">B. 795</a>. A.S. +<i>áhtlíce</i>, courageously, manfully.</p> + +<p>Avaunt, <i>sb.</i> promise, <a href="poems.html#clean_line664">B. +664</a>.</p> + +<p>Avayment, show, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1356">B. 1358</a>. F. +<i>avoier</i>.</p> + +<p>Auaye, show, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1308">B. 1311</a>.</p> + +<p>Auenture, adventure, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line64">A. 64</a>. +O.Fr. <i>aventure</i>.</p> + +<p>Auise, advise, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1364">B. 1365</a>.</p> + +<p>Avow, <a href="poems.html#clean_line664">B. 664</a>.</p> + +<p>Avoy, away! <a href="poems.html#clean_line860">B. 863</a>.</p> + +<p>Avyle, defile, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1148">B. 1151</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1712">1713</a>.</p> + +<p>Avysyoun, vision, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1184">A. +1184</a>.</p> + +<p>Awayed, shown, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line708">A. 710</a>.</p> + +<p>Awayle, avail, <a href="poems.html#clean_line408">B. 408</a>.</p> + +<p>Awowe, avow, <a href="poems.html#patience_line332">C. 333</a>.</p> + +<p>Ay, always, ever, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line32">A. 33</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line720">720</a>. A.S. <i>áva</i>, <i>a</i>, +all, ever. O.Fris. <i>a</i>. Germ. <i>je</i>, ever.</p> + +<p>Ayre, heir, <a href="poems.html#clean_line648">B. 650</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1708">1709</a>.</p> + +<p>Ayþer, each, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line828">A. 831</a>.</p> + +<p>Aywhere, everywhere, <a href="poems.html#clean_line228">B. +228</a>.</p> + +<p>Aȝer = asure, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1456">B. 1457</a>.</p> + +<p>Aȝly = awly, fearfully, <a href="poems.html#clean_line872">B. +874</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line936">937</a>. Dan. <i>ave</i>, +fear. Eng. <i>awe</i>. O.Eng. <i>agh</i>. Cf. A.S. <i>aglác</i>, misery, +grief.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Aȝt,<br> +Aȝte,</td> +<td><p>ought, <i>pret.</i> of <i>aȝe</i>, <i>agh</i>, or <i>awe</i>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line120">B. 122</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Aȝt, eight, <a href="poems.html#clean_line356">A. 357</a>, <a href="poems.html#patience_line8">B. 11</a>, <a href="poems.html#patience_line28">29</a>.</p> + +<p>Aȝt-sum, sorrowful, <a href="poems.html#clean_line408">B. +411</a>.</p> + +<p>Aȝtþe, eighth, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1008">A. 1011</a>.</p> + + +<p class="letterhead"> +<a name="gloss_B" id="gloss_B" href="#glossary">B</a></p> + +<p>Baboyne, baboon, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1408">B. +1409</a>.</p> + +<p>Babtem, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line624">A. 627</a>. See <a class="error" href="#gloss_baptem" title="printed in roman (non-italic) type"><i>Baptem</i></a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">121</span> +<a name="page121" id="page121"> </a> + +<p>Bachlereȝ, batchelors, young men not yet raised to the order of +knighthood, <a href="poems.html#clean_line84">B. 86</a>.</p> + +<p>Baft, abaft, <a href="poems.html#patience_line148">C. 148</a>. A.S. +<i>baefta</i>, the hinder part.</p> + +<p>Bagge, baggage. <a href="poems.html#patience_line156">C. +158</a><ins class="correction" title="text has , for .">. </ins></p> + +<p>Bale, bales, <a href="poems.html#patience_line156">C. 157</a>. Sw. +<i>bal</i>. Fr. <i>balle</i>, <i>bal</i>, a ball or pack.</p> + +<p>Bale, sorrow, woe; also misery, calamity, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line16">A. 18</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line372">373</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1240">A. 1243</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1256">1256</a>; <i>baleȝ</i>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line120">A. 123</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line804">807</a>. O.Fris. <i>bale</i>. A.S. +<i>bealu</i>, torment, destruction. Icel. <i>böl</i>. Phrases: “bodyly +<i>bale</i>” (pain), <a href="poems.html#pearl_line476">A. 478</a>; “<i>bale</i> (torment) of +helle,” <a href="poems.html#pearl_line648">A. 651</a>, +“<i>bale</i>-stour,” death pang, <a href="poems.html#patience_line424">B. 426</a>.</p> + +<p>Baleleȝ = baleless, innocent, <a href="poems.html#patience_line224">C. 227</a>.</p> + +<p>Balke, ridge of land, balk, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line60">A. +62</a>. Icel. <i>balkr</i>, the division between the stalls in a +cow-house. Sw. <i>balka</i>, to partition off.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“To my shepe wylle I stalk, and herkyn anone,</p> +<p>Ther abyde on a <i>balk</i>, or sytt on a stone.”</p> +<p class="author">(Town. Myst. p. 99.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Balleful = baleful, wretched, wicked, <a href="poems.html#clean_line976">B. 979</a>.</p> + +<p>Balter, hop, jump, skip, <a href="poems.html#patience_line456">C. +459</a>.</p> + +<p>Balterande, halting, limping, <a href="poems.html#clean_line100">B. +103</a>. Sc. <i>balter</i>, to dance.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“He baltyrde, he bleryde.”</p> +<p class="author">(Morte Arthure, p. 66.)</p> +</div> +<p class="continue"> +Etymologically it is connected with <i>palter</i> and <i>falter</i>, and +is applicable either to the unsteady gait of the lame or faltering steps +of the blind.</p> + +<p>Baly = bayly, authority, jurisdiction, dominion, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1080">A. 1083</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">121b</span> +<a name="page121b" id="page121b"> </a> + +<p>Baneres, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1404">B. 1404</a>.</p> + +<p>Banne, proclamation, decree, <a href="poems.html#clean_line92">B. +95</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1360">1361</a>.</p> + +<p>Banne, curse, <a href="poems.html#clean_line468">B. 468</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line884">885</a>. Sw. <i>bann</i>, +excommunication; <i>banna</i>, to reprove, chide, curse.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“<i>Bannet</i> worthe the bale tyme þat ho borne was.”</p> +<p class="author">T. B. 1388.</p> +</div> + +<p>Banne, comfort, strengthen, <a href="poems.html#clean_line620">B. +620</a>. O.Sc. <i>bawne</i>.</p> + +<p>Bantel, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line988">A. 991</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1016">1017</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1456">B. 1459</a>, posts, pillars.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_baptem" id="gloss_baptem">Baptem</a>, baptism, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line624">A. 627</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line652">653</a>.</p> + +<p>Baptysed, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line816">A. 818</a>.</p> + +<p>Barayn, barren, <a href="poems.html#clean_line656">B. 659</a>.</p> + +<p>Bare, <i>adj.</i> naked, <a href="poems.html#clean_line452">B. +452</a>; <i>sb.</i> 791.</p> + +<p>Bare, only, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1572">B. 1573</a>. Sw. +<i>bara</i>.</p> + +<p>Bared, disclosed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1148">B. +1149</a>.</p> + +<p>Bare-heued, bare-headed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line632">B. +633</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Bareres,<br> +Barreȝ,</td> +<td><p>bars, barriers, <a href="poems.html#clean_line960">A. 963</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1236">1239</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line320">B. 321</a>. W. <i>bar</i>, rail, shaft. +Fr. <i>barre</i>; <i>barrière</i>, a barrier. Cf. Sw. +<i>s-parre</i>. Eng. <i>s-par</i>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Barme, bosom, <a href="poems.html#patience_line508">C. 510</a>. +A.S. <i>bearm</i>. “<i>Barme</i> gremium.” (Prompt. Parv.)</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“He fond Horn in arme</p> +<p>On Rymenhilde <i>barme</i>.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Horn, p. 294.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Barnage, childhood, <a href="poems.html#clean_line516">B. +517</a>.</p> + +<p>Barne, child, son, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line424">A. 426</a>; +<i>barneȝ</i>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1040">A. 1040</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1084">B. 1085</a>. Sc. <i>bairn</i>. A.S. +<i>bearn</i>.</p> + +<p>Baronage, nobility, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1424">B. +1424</a>. See <ins class="correction" title="text has T. B.,">T. B.</ins> 211.</p> + +<p>Barouneȝ, barons, <a href="poems.html#clean_line80">B. 82</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1396">1398</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Barreȝ,<br> +Barers,</td> +<td><p>bars, <a href="poems.html#clean_line884">B. 884</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1260">1263</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Barst, burst, <a href="poems.html#clean_line960">B. 963</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">122</span> +<a name="page122" id="page122"> </a> +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Base,<br> +Basse,</td> +<td><p>base, foundation, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1000">A. +1000</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1276">B. 1278</a>. See +T. B. 1652.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Bassyn, basin, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1144">B. 1145</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1276">1278</a>.</p> + +<p>Bastele, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1184">B. 1187</a>. +“<i>Bastyle</i> of a castelle or cytye. Fascennia.” (Prompt. Parv.)</p> + +<p>Basyng, base, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line992">A. 992</a>.</p> + +<p>Bated, abated, <a href="poems.html#clean_line440">B. 440</a>.</p> + +<p>Bater, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1416">B. 1416</a>.</p> + +<p>Batelment, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1456">B. 1459</a>.</p> + +<p>Baþe, dip, plunge, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1248">B. +1248</a>.</p> + +<p>Bausen, badger, <a href="poems.html#clean_line392">B. 392</a>. +“<i>Bawstone</i> or <i>bawsone</i>, or a gray, Taxus, melota.” (Prompt. +Parv.)</p> + +<p>Bawelyne, bow-line, <a href="poems.html#clean_line416">B. +417</a>.</p> + +<p>Bay, recess, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1392">B. 1392</a>. The +original meaning seems to be <i>opening</i> of any kind. Cf. <i>bay</i>, +space in a building between two main beams (Forby).</p> + +<p>Bayly, dominion, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line312">A. 315</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line440">442</a>.</p> + +<p>Bayn, <i>adv.</i> readily, willingly, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line804">A. 807</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1508">A. 1511</a>; ready, <a href="poems.html#patience_line136">B. 136</a>. N.Prov.E. <i>bane</i>, +near, convenient. “<i>Beyn</i> or plyaunte. Flexibilis.” (Prompt. Parv.) +<i>Bainly</i>, readily, T. B. 135.</p> + +<p>Baysment, abasement, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line172">A. +174</a>.</p> + +<p>Bayte, <a href="poems.html#clean_line52">B. 55</a>. O.N. +<i>beita</i>.</p> + +<p>Baytayled, fortified, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1180">B. +1183</a>.</p> + +<p>Beauté, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line748">A. 749</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Bed,<br> +Bede,</td> +<td><p>bid, command, invite; <i>p.p.</i> <i>beden</i>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line712">A. 715</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line92">B. 95</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line440">440</a>. See T. B. 389.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Beke, beak, <a href="poems.html#clean_line484">B. 487</a>.</p> + +<p>Bekyrande, <i>sb.</i> bikering, fighting, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1472">B. 1474</a>. “<i>Bekyryn</i> or fyghtyn +(<i>bikkeringe</i>), Pugno, dimico.” (Prompt. Parv.)</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Bolde men to batell and <i>biker</i> with hond.”</p> +<p class="author">T. B. 2944.</p> +</div> + +<span class="pagenum">122b</span> +<a name="page122b" id="page122b"> </a> + +<p>Bele, <i>vb.</i> boil, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line16">A. 18</a>. +N.Prov.E. <i>bele</i>.</p> + +<p>Bem, beam, ray, “<i>bem</i> of þe brode heuen,” <a href="poems.html#clean_line600">B. 603</a>.</p> + +<p>Bem, tree, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line812">A. 814</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Ben,<br> +Bene,</td> +<td><p>are, <i>3rd pers. pl.</i> A<ins class="correction" title=". missing">. </ins>572.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Bench, seat, <a href="poems.html#clean_line128">B. 130</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line852">854</a>.</p> + +<p>Bene, fair, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line196">A. 198</a>.</p> + +<p>Bene, <i>adj.</i> kind, merciful, <a href="poems.html#patience_line416">C. 418</a>.</p> + +<p>Bent, field, plain, <a href="poems.html#clean_line532">B. 532</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1672">1675</a>. See T. B. 1192.</p> + +<p>Ber, bore, <i>pret.</i> of <i>bere</i>, to bear, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line424">A. 426</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1480">B. 1480</a>.</p> + +<p>Berdles, beardless, <a href="poems.html#clean_line788">B. +789</a>.</p> + +<p>Bereste, breast, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line852">A. 854</a>.</p> + +<p>Berfray, watch tower, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1184">B. +1187</a>. O.F. <i>berfroi</i>, <i>beffroit</i>. Fr. <i>beffroir</i>. +M.Lat. <i>belfredum</i>. The modern English <i>belfry</i> is a +corruption of <i>berfray</i>.</p> + +<p>Beryl, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line108">A. 110</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1008">1011</a>.</p> + +<p>Beryng, condition, state, behaviour, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1060">B. 1060</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1228">1228</a>.</p> + +<p>Best, beast, <a href="poems.html#clean_line288">B. 288</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line348">351</a>.</p> + +<p>Beste, <i>sb.</i> best (one), <a href="poems.html#pearl_line276">A. +279</a>.</p> + +<p>Besten, of beasts, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1444">B. +1446</a>.</p> + +<p>Bete, (the fire) mend, repair, kindle, <a href="poems.html#clean_line624">A. 627</a>, <i>p.p.</i> <i>bet</i>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1012">B. 1012</a>. Prov.E. <i>beat</i>, to +mend, repair. A.S. <i>bétan</i>, (1) to improve, repair; +(2) joined with <i>fyr</i> to mend a fire, to light or make a fire, +to kindle.</p> + +<p>Bete, save, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line756">A. 757</a>. A.S. +<i>bétan</i>, to remedy. Du. <i>boeten</i>, mend, fine, expiate.</p> + +<p>Betȝ = bes, shall be, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line608">A. +611</a>. Present tense with future signification.</p> + +<p>Beuerage, drink, liquor, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1432">B. +1433</a>, +<span class="pagenum">123</span> +<a name="page123" id="page123"> </a> +1717. Fr. <i>beuvrage</i>, from Lat. <i>bibere</i>.</p> + +<p>Bewar, beware, <a href="poems.html#clean_line292">B. 292</a>.</p> + +<p>Bewté, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line764">A. 765</a>.</p> + +<p>Beyng, <i>sb.</i> being, existence, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line444">A. 446</a>.</p> + +<p>Bibbe, sip, drink, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1496">B. 1499</a>. +Prov.E. <i>beb</i>. Du. <i>biberen</i>, to drink much.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Bacus he was brayne-wode for <i>bebbing</i> <ins class="correction" title="text reads ‘ofwynes’ without space">of +wynes</ins>.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 154.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Bicalt, becalled, called from, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1160">A. 1163</a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“The kyng was full curteus, <i>calt</i> on a maiden<ins class="correction" title="” missing">.” </ins></p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 388.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Bi-cnv, acknowledged, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1324">B. +1327</a>.</p> + +<p>Bidde, bide, abide. <a href="poems.html#patience_line48">C. +51</a>.</p> + +<p>Biden, <i>p.p.</i> of <i>bide</i> = <i>abide</i>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line616">B. 616</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Bifalle,<br> +Byfalle,</td> +<td><p>befal, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line184">A. 186</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Bifore, before, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line48">A. 49</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Bigge,<br> +Bygge,</td> +<td><p>great, <a href="poems.html#clean_line40">A. 43</a>, +<i>bygger</i>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line372">B. 374</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Bigge, build, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1664">B. 1666</a>. +A.Sax. <i>byggan</i>. Icel. <i>byggia</i>. O.Sw. <i>bygga</i>, build, +also inhabit.</p> + +<p>Bigly, strongly, <a href="poems.html#patience_line320">C. 321</a>. +See T. B. 904.</p> + +<p>Bigonne, began, <a href="poems.html#clean_line120">B. 123</a>.</p> + +<p>Bihynde, behind, <a href="poems.html#clean_line916">B. 918</a>.</p> + +<p>Biholde, behold, <a href="poems.html#clean_line148">B. 150</a>.</p> + +<p>Bihyȝt, promised, <a href="poems.html#patience_line28">C. +29</a>.</p> + +<p>Bikenne, give, hand over, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1296">B. +1296</a>.</p> + +<p>Bilde, built, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1392">B. 1392</a>.</p> + +<p>Bileue, remain, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1548">B. +1549</a>.</p> + +<p>Bilooghe, below, <a href="poems.html#clean_line116">B. 116</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_birle" id="gloss_birle">Birle</a>, pour out, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1508">B. 1511</a>. Prov.E. <i>burl</i>. +A.S. <i>byrelian</i>, to give to drink.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“And seruanz war at this bridale</p> +<p>That <i>birled</i> win in cupp and schal.”</p> +<p class="author">(Met. Hom. p. 120.)</p> +</div> + +<span class="pagenum">123b</span> +<a name="page123b" id="page123b"> </a> + +<p>Birolled, berolled, <a href="poems.html#clean_line956">B. +959</a>.</p> + +<p>Biseche, beseech, <a href="poems.html#clean_line612">B. +614</a>.</p> + +<p>Bisoȝten, besought, <a href="poems.html#patience_line372">C. +375</a>.</p> + +<p>Bispeke, speak, <a href="poems.html#patience_line168">C. +169</a>.</p> + +<p>Bisyde, beside, <a href="poems.html#clean_line924">B. 926</a>.</p> + +<p>Bi-talt, aroused, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1160">A. 1161</a>. +A.S. <i>tealtian</i>, <i>tealtrian</i>; (1) to <i>tilt</i>, shake; +(2) to be in danger. William of Shoreham uses one form of this +word:</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“For ȝef that water his kende lest</p> +<p>That cristninge stant <i>te-tealte</i>.”</p> +<p class="author">(Poems, p. 9.)</p> +<p>“For if that water its kind loseth,</p> +<p>That christening standeth tottery, insecure” (<i>i.e.</i> not +binding).</p> +</div> + +<p>Biteche, give up to, entrust to, <a href="poems.html#clean_line868">B. 871</a>; pret. <i>bitaȝt</i>.</p> + +<p>Bited, bit, <a href="poems.html#patience_line372">C. 373</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Biþenkke,<br> +Biþenke,</td> +<td><p>bethink, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1356">B. +1357</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Biþoȝt, bethought, <a href="poems.html#clean_line124">B. +125</a>.</p> + +<p>Bityde, betide; <i>pret.</i> bitydde, <a href="poems.html#patience_line60">C. 61</a><ins class="correction" title=". missing">. </ins></p> + +<p>Bityde, befall, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1804">B. +1804</a>.</p> + +<p>Blade, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1104">B. 1105</a>.</p> + +<p>Blake, black, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line944">A. 945</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line744">B. 747</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1448">1449</a>.</p> + +<p>Blame, <i>vb.</i> <a href="poems.html#pearl_line272">A. 275</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line876">A. 877</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1660">1661</a>; <i>sb.</i> <a href="poems.html#clean_line40">B. 43</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_blande" id="gloss_blande">Blande</a>, “in blande,” +together, <a href="poems.html#clean_line884">B. 885</a>. See <a href="#gloss_blende"><i>blende</i></a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Blasfamye,<br> +Blasfemyon,</td> +<td><p><a href="poems.html#clean_line1660">B. 1661</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1712">1712</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Blayke, yellow, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line24">A. 27</a>. +Brockett has <i>blayke</i> with the sense of yellow, of a golden colour. +“<i>Bleyke</i> of coloure.” Pallidus, subalbus. (Prompt. Parv.)</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Ther (in paradyse) were floures bothe blew and <i>blake</i>,</p> +<p>Of alle frutes thei myth ther take.”</p> +<p class="author">(Cov. Myst. p. 2.)</p> +</div> + +<span class="pagenum">124</span> +<a name="page124" id="page124"> </a> + +<p>Blaȝt, white, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line212">A. 212</a>, +<i>p.p.</i> of <i>bleach</i>, just as <i>raȝt</i> is of <i>reach</i>. +Sc. <i>blaucht</i>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“As <i>blaȝt</i> ere thaire wedis</p> +<p>As any snyppand snawe.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 54.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Ble, colour, complexion, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line76">A. +76</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line212">212</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line788">B. 791</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1756">1759</a>. Prov.E. <i>ble</i>, <i>bly</i>. +A.S. <i>bleo</i>.</p> + +<p>Bleaunt, a robe of fine linen, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line160">A. 163</a>. O.Eng. <i>bliant</i>, fine linen, +W. <i>llian</i>, linen. The <i>bl</i> is merely an imitation of the +Celtic <i>ll</i>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“A blewe <i>bleaunt</i> obofe brade him al ovir.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 167.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Blench, stratagem, device, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1200">B. +1202</a>. O.N. <i>blekkia</i>.</p> + +<p>Blemyst, blemished, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1420">B. +1421</a>. O.Fr. <i>blesmir</i>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +<a name="gloss_blende" id="gloss_blende">Blende</a>,<br> +Blente,</td> +<td><p>blended, mingled, mixt. <a href="poems.html#pearl_line384">A. +385</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1016">1016</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line964">B. 967</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1788">1788</a>. A.S. <i>blendian</i>. Icel. +<i>blanda</i>, to mix.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Blo = bla, blue, livid, pale. <a href="poems.html#clean_line1016">A. 1017</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line132">B. 134</a>. O.H.G. <i>blao</i>, N.Fris. +<i>bla</i>. O.Sc. <i>bla</i>.</p> + +<p class="bracket"> +<a name="gloss_blober" id="gloss_blober">Blober</a>,<br> +Bluber,</p> +<p>= blubber, waves, <a href="poems.html#patience_line220">C. 221</a>, +<a href="poems.html#patience_line264">266</a>. Prov.E. <i>blubber</i>, +bubble; <i>blob</i>, <i>bleb</i>, a bubble. “<i>Blobure</i> +(blobyre, P.) Burbulium.” (Prompt. Parv.) “<i>Blober</i> upon water +(or bubble) bouteillis.” (Palsg.) “The water <i>blubbers</i> up.” +(Baker, Northamptonshire Glossary.)</p> + +<p>Blod, a child, <a href="poems.html#clean_line684">B. 686</a>. +Supposing the <i>bl</i> to represent <i>ll</i> we might refer it to the +W. <i>llawd</i>, a youth, +<span class="pagenum">124b</span> +<a name="page124b" id="page124b"> </a> +<i>lad</i>. O.Sw. <i>g-lott</i>. Cf. <i>bliant</i>, <i>bleant</i>, from +W. <i>llian</i>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“þis Abel was a blissid <i>blod</i>,</p> +<p>Bot Caim was the findes (devil’s) fode (offspring).”</p> +<p class="author">(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 7<i>b</i>.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Blod, blood, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line648">A. 650</a>.</p> + +<p>Blok, space, <a href="poems.html#patience_line272">C. 272</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Blom,<br> +Blome,</td> +<td><p>flower, bloom, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line576">A. 578</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1464">B. 1467</a>. Sw. <i>bloma</i>, +a flower. Du. <i>bloeme</i>. Ger. <i>blume</i>. “<i>Blome</i> +flowre. Flos.” (Prompt. Parv.)</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Blomeȝ, blooms, flowers, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line24">A. +27</a>.</p> + +<p>Blonk, horse, <i>pl.</i> <i>blonkeȝ</i>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line84">B. 87</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1392">1392</a>. See T. B. 2371.</p> + +<p>Blonkken, <i>gen. pl.</i> of horses, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1412">B. 1412</a>.</p> + +<p>Blosched, looked, <a href="poems.html#patience_line340">C. 343</a>. +See <a href="#gloss_blusch"><i>Blusch</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Blose = blese, blaze, flame. <a href="poems.html#pearl_line908">A. +911</a>. Icel. <i>blossi</i>, a flame. A.S. <i>blaese</i>, a torch. +Dan. <i>blus</i>.</p> + +<p>Blot, spot, blemish, defilement, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line780">A. 782</a>.</p> + +<p class="quotation"> +“Ye ben worthy, he saide, to be <i>blottede</i> and <i>spottede</i>, +foulede and defoulede with fenne (mire) and with drit of water (<i>luto +inquinari</i>), and of blode, that in tyme of werre ne were nat be +bespreynt, ne be wette with ennemyes blode.” (Quoted by Way, from Roy. +MS. 18, A. xii. B. iii. c. 10.)</p> + +<p>Blubrande = blubbering, bubbling, foaming, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1016">B. 1017</a>. See <a class="error" href="#gloss_blober" title="entry spelled ‘Blober’"><i>blobber</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Blunt, rushed, <a href="poems.html#patience_line272">C. +272</a>.</p> + +<p>Blunt, faint, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line176">A. 176</a>. Icel. +<i>blunda</i>, to sleep. Sw. <i>blunda</i>, to close the eyes. Dan. +<i>blende</i>, to dazzle. Cf. “Blunt of wytte. Hebes.” (Prompt. +Parv.)</p> + +<span class="pagenum">125</span> +<a name="page125" id="page125"> </a> + +<p class="bracket"> +<a name="gloss_blusch" id="gloss_blusch">Blusch</a>,<br> +Blusche,</p> +<p>look, glance, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line980">A. 980</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line1080">1083</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line904">B. 904</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line996">998</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1536">1537</a>. N.Prov.E. <i>blush</i>, +resemblance. Cf. “At the first <i>blush</i>,” at the first appearance, +at first sight. Dan. <i>blusse</i>, to blaze, flame, glow. There seems +to be an etymological connection with words signifying to look, glow, +blaze, shine, etc.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“The kyng <i>blyschit</i> on the beryne (man) with his brode +eghne.”</p> +<p class="author">(Morte Arthure, p. 10.)</p> +<p>“He <i>blusshed</i> ouer backeward to þe brodesee.”</p> +<p class="author">(See T. B. 1316.)</p> +</div> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +<a name="gloss_blusnande" id="gloss_blusnande">Blusnande</a>,<br> +Blysnande,</td> +<td><p>shining, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1404">B. 1404</a>. Icel. +<i>blys</i>. Dan. <i>blus</i>, a torch. Du. <i>blos</i>, redness. +Dan. <i>blusse</i>, to glow. Icel. <i>lysa</i>, to shine. Pl.D. +<i>bleistern</i>, to glisten.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Bluster, <a href="poems.html#clean_line884">B. 886</a>, to wander +or stray about.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Ac there was wight noon so wys</p> +<p>The wey thider kouthe,</p> +<p>But <i>blustreden</i> forth as beestes</p> +<p>Over bankes and hilles.”</p> +<p class="author">(Piers Ploughman, p. 108.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Blwe, blue, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line420">A. 423</a>.</p> + +<p>Blwe, blew, <a href="poems.html#clean_line884">B. 885</a>.</p> + +<p>Blykked, shone, <a href="poems.html#clean_line600">B. 603</a>. A.S. +<i>blican</i>, glitter, dazzle. Ger. <i>blicken</i>, shine, glance, +look. Du. <i>blicken</i>, glitter; <i>blick</i>, a flash.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Hire bleo <i>blyketh</i> so bryht</p> +<p>So feyr heo is ant fyn.”</p> +<p class="author">(Lyric Poems, p. 52.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Blyknande, shining, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1464">B. +1467</a>.</p> + +<p>Blykned = blaykned, became black, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1756">B. 1759</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">125b</span> +<a name="page125b" id="page125b"> </a> + +<p>Blynde, to become faded, dull, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1124">B. 1126</a>.</p> + +<p>Blynne, cease, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line728">A. 729</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line440">B. 440</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1660">1661</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1812">1812</a>. A.S. <i>blinnan</i> (for +<i>be-linnan</i>).</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Blysfol,<br> +Blysful,</td> +<td><p>blissful, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line276">A. 279</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line408">409</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Blysnande, shining, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line160">A. 163</a>. +See <a href="#gloss_blusnande"><i>blusnande</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Blysned, shone, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1048">A. +1048</a>.</p> + +<p>Blyþe, joy, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line352">A. 354</a>. Blythe +is still used as a noun in the North of England.</p> + +<p>Blyþely, joyfully, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line384">A. +385</a>.</p> + +<p>Bobaunce, boasting, Fr. <i>bobance</i>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line176">B. 179</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1712">1712</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Bod,<br> +Bode,</td> +<td><p>command, <a href="poems.html#clean_line976">A. 979</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line56">B. 56</a>. A.S. <i>bod</i>, <i>gebod</i>, +command, precept, message. “<i>Bode</i> or massage +(<i>boode</i>, H.) nuncium.” (Prompt. Parv.)</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Bod = abode, <i>pret.</i> of <i>bide</i> = abide, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line60">A. 62</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line980">A. 982</a>; wait for, <a href="poems.html#clean_line464">B. 467</a>.</p> + +<p>Bodworde, message, <a href="poems.html#clean_line472">B. 473</a>. +See T. B. 6262.</p> + +<p>Bodyly, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line476">A. 478</a>.</p> + +<p>Boffet, blast, <a href="poems.html#clean_line884">B. 885</a>.</p> + +<p>Boffeteȝ, buffets, blows, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line808">A. +809</a>; <i>boffet</i>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line40">B. +43</a>.</p> + +<p>Bok-lered, book-learned, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1548">B. +1551</a>.</p> + +<p>Bold, bad, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line804">A. 806</a>. A.S. +<i>báld</i>, audacious. Sw. <i>båld</i>, proud, haughty, warlike. In +early English writers the term was applied indifferently to men and +women of bad character.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Þou do me bote again þis <i>bald</i> (bad one)</p> +<p>For al þe soth I haf þe tald.”</p> +<p class="author">(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 48<i>b</i>.)</p> +</div> + +<span class="pagenum">126</span> +<a name="page126" id="page126"> </a> + +<p>Bol, bull, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1680">A. 1682</a>; +<i>pl.</i> <i>boleȝ</i>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line52">B. +55</a>.</p> + +<p>Bole, the round stem of a tree, <a href="poems.html#clean_line620">A. 622</a>. It enters also into composition +in the word <i>throte</i>-bolle. <i>Pl.</i> <i>bolleȝ</i>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line76">B. 76</a>. Icel. <i>bolr</i>. Dan. +<i>bul</i>. Sw. <i>bål</i>, trunk of a man’s body. See T. B. +4960.</p> + +<p>Bolle, bowl, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1144">B. 1145</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1508">1511</a>. A.S. <i>bolla</i>. Icel. +<i>bolli</i>.</p> + +<p>Bolled, embossed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1464">B. +1464</a>.</p> + +<p>Bolnande, swelling, <a href="poems.html#clean_line176">B. +179</a>.</p> + +<p>Bolne, swell, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line16">A. 18</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line360">B. 363</a>. Icel. <i>bolgna</i>. Sw. +<i>bulna</i>, to swell. In some early English works we find +<i>bollen</i> (ibolȝe) the <i>p.p.</i> of a verb <i>bolȝe</i> = bulge, +swell. “Bolnyn, Tumeo, turgeo, tumesco.” (Prompt. Parv.)</p> + +<p>Bonc, bank, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line904">A. 907</a>.</p> + +<p>Bone, prayer, petition, command (= boon). <a href="poems.html#pearl_line912">A. 912</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line916">916</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line824">B. 826</a>. A.S. <i>ben</i>. S.Sax. +<i>bone</i>. O.N. <i>bón</i> rogatio. “<i>Bone</i> or graunte of prayer +(<i>boone</i> P.) Precarium, peticio.” (Prompt. Parv.)</p> + +<p>Bone, good, <a href="poems.html#clean_line28">B. 28</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Boner,<br> +Bonere,</td> +<td><p>good, <a href="poems.html#clean_line732">B. 733</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Bonerté, goodness, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line760">A. +762</a>.</p> + +<p>Bongre, willingly, agreeably to, <a href="poems.html#patience_line56">C. 56</a>. See <a href="#gloss_gre"><i>Gre</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Bonk, bank, hill, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line928">A. 931</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line376">B. 379</a>. Ger. <i>bank</i>, bench, +bank of a river, etc.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_bor" id="gloss_bor">Bor</a>, bower, chamber, +dwelling, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line964">A. 964</a>. A.S. +<i>bur</i>, a chamber. Icel. <i>bur</i>. N.Prov.E. <i>boor</i>, +a parlour.</p> + +<p>Bore, born, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line236">A. 239</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line584">B. 584</a>.</p> + +<p>Borde, table, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1432">B. 1433</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1716">1717</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">126b</span> +<a name="page126b" id="page126b"> </a> + +<p>Borde, board of a vessel, <a href="poems.html#clean_line468">A. +470</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line208">B. 211</a>.</p> + +<p>Boreȝ, boars, <a href="poems.html#clean_line52">B. 55</a>.</p> + +<p>Borges, burgess; sometimes written <i>burgeise</i>, <a href="poems.html#patience_line364">C. 366</a>. O.Fr. <i>bourgeois</i>, from +Lat. <i>burgensis</i>.</p> + +<p>Borgoun, to burgeon, bud forth, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1040">B. 1042</a>. Fr. <i>bourgeon</i>, +<i>bourjon</i>, young bud or sprig. Prov. Fr. <i>boure</i>, bud. Fr. +<i>abourioner</i>, to bud or sprout forth. See T. B. 4964.</p> + +<p>Borlych, burly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1488">B. +1488</a>.</p> + +<p>Borne = burne, stream, water, <a href="poems.html#clean_line480">A. +482</a>; <i>borneȝ heued</i>, head of the stream, source, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line972">B. 974</a>. A.S. <i>burne</i>. Goth. +<i>brunna</i>. Icel. <i>brunnr</i>. G. <i>born</i>, <i>brunnen</i>, +well, spring.</p> + +<p>Bornyst, burnished, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line76">A. 77</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line220">220</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line552">B. 554</a>. Fr. <i>brunir</i>, to polish.</p> + +<p>Boroȝt = broȝt, brought, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line628">A. +628</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +<a name="gloss_borgh" id="gloss_borgh">Borȝ</a>,<br> +Borȝe,</td> +<td><p>city, town, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line956">A. 957</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line988">989</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line44">B. 45</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line832">834</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1748">1750</a>. A.S. <i>burg</i>, <i>burh</i>. +Goth. <i>baurgs</i>. Icel. <i>borg</i>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Bos = bus = behoves, <a href="poems.html#clean_line684">B. +687</a>.</p> + +<p>Bosk, take, <a href="poems.html#clean_line348">A. 351</a>; +<i>boske</i> to, go to, <a href="poems.html#clean_line832">B. 834</a>. +See <a href="#gloss_busk"><i>Busk</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Boskeȝ, bushes, <a href="poems.html#clean_line320">B. 322</a>. +Icel. <i>buskr</i>.</p> + +<p>Bosum, bay, <a href="poems.html#patience_line104">C. 107</a>. Cf. +N.Prov.E. <i>bosom</i>, the eddy.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Eneas and his feris on the strand</p> +<p>Wery and forwrocht, sped thame to the nerrest land,</p> +<p>And at the cost of Lyby arryvit he.</p> +<p>Ane havyn place with a lang hals or entre</p> +<p>Thar is, with an ile enveronyt on ather part,</p> +<p>To brek the wallis and storm of every art,</p> +<p>Within, the water in a <i>bosum</i> gays.”</p> +<p class="author">(G. Doug. vol. i. p. 33.)</p> +</div> + +<span class="pagenum">127</span> +<a name="page127" id="page127"> </a> + +<p>Bost, boast, arrogance. <a href="poems.html#clean_line176">B. +179</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1448">1450</a>.</p> + +<p>Boster, boaster, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1496">B. +1499</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_bostwys" id="gloss_bostwys">Bostwys</a> = +busteous, boisterous, rough, fierce, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line812">A. 814</a>. Pl. Du. <i>büster</i>, wild, +fearful, savage. Cf. “<i>Boystows</i>, rudis.” (Prompt. Parv.) +<i>Bustus</i>, rudis, rigidus, to be <i>bustus</i>, rudere. (Cath. +Angl.) The form <i>bostwys</i> would seem to point to <i>bost</i>, +boast, as the probable root.</p> + +<p>Bot, “to bot,” to boot, <a href="poems.html#clean_line472">B. +473</a>.</p> + +<p>Bot, command, <a href="poems.html#clean_line944">B. 944</a>. A.S. +<i>beot</i>, threat, promise.</p> + +<p>Bot, only, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line16">A. 18</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line380">382</a>, except, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line972">A. 972</a>; <i>bot-if</i>, unless, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1108">B. 1110</a>.</p> + +<p>Bote, saviour, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line272">A. 275</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line644">645</a>; remedy, safety, <a href="poems.html#patience_line160">C. 163</a>. A.S. <i>bót</i>, amends, +atonement; <i>gebétan</i>, to make amends. Du. <i>boet</i>, remedy; +<i>boeten</i>, to mend.</p> + +<p>Boþe, booth, tent, <a href="poems.html#patience_line440">C. +441</a>.</p> + +<p class="bracket"> +Boþem,<br> +Boþom,</p> +<p>valley, dale, <a href="poems.html#clean_line380">A. 383</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line448">450</a>; pit, sea, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1028">B. 1030</a>. <i>Bottom</i>, a valley, +is still used in many of our provincial dialects, and is a frequent +element in local names. A.S. <i>botm</i>, lowest point, depth, abyss. +Du. <i>bodem</i>. Germ. <i>boden</i>. Icel. <i>botn</i>.</p> + +<p>Bothem, bottom, <a href="poems.html#patience_line144">C. +144</a>.</p> + +<p>Boþemleȝ, bottomless, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1020">B. +1022</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Bouel,<br> +Bowel,</td> +<td><p>bowel, gut, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1248">A. 1251</a>; +<a href="poems.html#patience_line292">B. 293</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Bougoun (?) <a href="poems.html#clean_line1416">B. 1416</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_boun" id="gloss_boun">Boun</a>, (1) ready; (2) +finished, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line532">A. 534</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line992">992</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1100">1103</a>. See T. B. 827. N.Prov.E. +<i>boun</i>. Icel. <i>bua</i>, to prepare, p.p. <i>buinn</i>, +prepared, ready.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">127b</span> +<a name="page127b" id="page127b"> </a> + +<p>Bounden, fastened, <a href="poems.html#clean_line320">A. 322</a>; +bound (<i>p.p.</i> of <i>binde</i>), <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1100">B. 1103</a>.</p> + +<p>Bounet, went, <i>pret.</i> of <i>boun</i> or <i>bown</i>, to go, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1396">B. 1398</a>. See <a href="#gloss_boun"><i>boun</i></a>. See T. B. 827, 5230.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“And (he) <i>bownnes</i> over a brode mede</p> +<p>With breth (anger) at his herte.”</p> +<p class="author">(M. Arthure, p. 290.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Bounté, goodness, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1436">B. +1436</a>.</p> + +<p>Boureȝ (bowers), chambers. <a href="poems.html#clean_line320">B. +322</a>. See <a href="#gloss_bor"><i>Bor</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Bourne = burne, man, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line616">A. +617</a>.</p> + +<p>Bourȝ = borȝ, city, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1376">B. +1377</a>. See <a href="#gloss_borgh"><i>Borȝ</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Boute, without, <a href="poems.html#clean_line260">A. 260</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line824">824</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line520">B. 523</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +<a name="gloss_bow" id="gloss_bow">Bow</a>,<br> +Bowe,</td> +<td><p>to go, walk, literally, to bend (one’s steps). <a href="poems.html#pearl_line124">A. 126</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line972">974</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line44">B. 45</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line376">379</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line480">482</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Forth heo gunnen <i>bugen</i></p> +<p>In to Bruttaine.”</p> +<p class="author">(Laȝ. 2, 410.)</p> +<p>“The burd <i>bowet</i> from þe bede.”</p> +<p class="author"> +(T. B. 775.)</p> +</div> +<p class="continue"> +A.S. <i>búgan</i>, to <i>bow</i>, <i>bend</i>, avoid, flee.</p> + +<p>Bowe, obey (bend to), <a href="poems.html#patience_line56">C. +56</a>, <a href="poems.html#patience_line72">75</a>.</p> + +<p>Boy, a boy, youth, <a href="poems.html#clean_line876">B. +878</a>.</p> + +<p>Boyeȝ, boys, men of low position, servants; generally used in a bad +sense, “<i>boyeȝ bolde</i>,” <a href="poems.html#pearl_line804">A. 806</a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“—— bot a <i>boye</i> one (alone)</p> +<p>Hoves by hym on a blonke (horse) and his spere holdes.”</p> +<p class="author">(Morte Arthure, p. 211.)</p> +<p>“I wende no Bretones walde bee basschede for so lyttille</p> +<p>And fore bare-legyde <i>boyes</i> that one the bente houys.”</p> +<p class="author">(<i>Ibid.</i> p. 178.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Boȝ = bow, go, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line196">A. 196</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1240">B. 1242</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1548">1551</a>. See <a href="#gloss_bow"><i>Bow</i></a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">128</span> +<a name="page128" id="page128"> </a> + +<p>Boȝe, bough, <a href="poems.html#clean_line616">B. 616</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1464">1467</a>.</p> + +<p>Boȝt, bought, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line648">A. 651</a>.</p> + +<p>Boȝted, curved, <a href="poems.html#patience_line448">C. 449</a>. +A.S. <i>bugan</i>, to bend. Dan. <i>bugt</i>, bend, turn. Sc. +<i>bought</i>, to fold, bend.</p> + +<p>Brade, broad, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line136">A. 138</a>.</p> + +<p>Brake vp = break up, throw up, spew, <a href="poems.html#patience_line340">C. 340</a>. Ger. <i>sich brechen</i>. Du. +<i>braeken</i>, to vomit. “<i>Brakyn</i>, or castyn or spewe. Vomo.” +(Prompt. Parv.)</p> + +<p>Braken (<i>brake</i>, <i>bracken</i>), fern, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1672">B. 1675</a>, Sw. <i>bräken</i>, Dan. +<i>bregne</i>, Icel. <i>brok</i>, sedge. “A <i>brakane</i> filix, +a <i>brakan</i>, <i>buske</i> filicarium.” (Cath. Angl.)</p> + +<p>Braste, burst, <a href="poems.html#patience_line148">C. +148</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_brathe" id="gloss_brathe">Brathe</a> = breþe, +anger, ire, also fierceness. <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1168">A. +1170</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line916">B. 916</a>. O.N. +<i>braedi</i>, anger. It sometimes signifies angry.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Bade hom blyn of hor <i>brathe</i>.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 5075.)</p> +<p>“For this word was Saul wrath,</p> +<p>For oft-sith was he bremli brath.”</p> +<p class="author">(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 42<i>b</i>.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Braþeȝ, <i>pl.</i> of braþe, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line344">A. +346</a>.</p> + +<p>Braunches, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1464">B. 1464</a>.</p> + +<p>Braundysch, display, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line344">A. +346</a>.</p> + +<p>Bray, utter (aloud), roar, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line344">A. +346</a>. Sw. <i>bräka</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_brayde" id="gloss_brayde">Brayde</a>, brought, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line712">A. 712</a>; aroused, awakened, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1168">A. 1170</a>; “at a <i>brayde</i>,” at a +start (Icel. at <i>bragdi</i>), at once, <a href="poems.html#clean_line536">A. 539</a>; “in a <i>brayd</i>,” in a +moment, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1504">B. 1507</a>. O.N. +<i>bregtha</i>, weave, move, brandish, seize, awake, to leap, start. +<i>Bragth</i>, quick motion. +<span class="pagenum">128b</span> +<a name="page128b" id="page128b"> </a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Þe Philistienes wituten les</p> +<p>Ran on Sampson in a res,</p> +<p>Bot Sampson þat selcuth smert,</p> +<p>Ute o þair handes son he stert</p> +<p>And gave a <i>braid</i> sa fers and fast,</p> +<p>Þat alle þe bandes of him brast.”</p> +<p class="author">(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 40<i>b</i>.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Brayden, ornamented, <i>p.p.</i> of <i>braid</i>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1480">B. 1481</a>.</p> + +<p>Bred, bread, <a href="poems.html#clean_line636">B. 636</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Brede,<br> +Bred,</td> +<td><p>= breed, become, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1556">A. +1558</a>; replenish, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line412">A. 415</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line812">814</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line256">B. 257</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Brede, board, <a href="poems.html#patience_line184">C. 184</a>. +“<i>Brede</i> or lytylle borde. Mensula, tabula, tabella, asserulus.” +(Prompt. Parv.) A.S. <i>bred</i>, plank, board, etc.</p> + +<p>Brede, breadth, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1028">A. +1030</a>.</p> + +<p>Brede, stretch out, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line812">A. +814</a>.</p> + +<p>Breed, bred, <a href="poems.html#patience_line140">C. 143</a>.</p> + +<p>Bref, short, brief, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line268">A. +268</a>.</p> + +<p>Brek, broke, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1104">B. 1105</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1236">1239</a>.</p> + +<p>Breme, full, complete, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line860">A. +863</a>. A.S. <i>breme</i>, famous, glorious.</p> + +<p>Breme, fierce, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line344">A. 346</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line228">A. 229</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line428">B. 430</a>. Du. <i>bremen</i>, to burn +with desire. Fris. <i>brimme</i>, to rage.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“A <i>brem</i> lowe.” (T. B. 860.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Bremly, vigorously, <a href="poems.html#clean_line508">B. +509</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Brend,<br> +Brende,</td> +<td><p>= brente, burnt, bright, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line988">A. +989</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1292">B. 1292</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Brennande, burning, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1012">B. +1012</a>.</p> + +<p>Brenne, burn, <a href="poems.html#clean_line508">B. 509</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line916">916</a>.</p> + +<p>Brent, burnt, bright, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line104">A. +106</a>.</p> + +<p>Brent, steep; <i>superl.</i> <i>brentest</i>, highest, <a href="poems.html#clean_line376">B. 379</a>. N.Prov.E. <i>brant</i>, steep. +Sw. <i>brant</i>, steep, a precipice. +<span class="pagenum">129</span> +<a name="page129" id="page129"> </a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“A man may syt on a <i>brante</i> hyll syde.”</p> +<p class="author">(Ascham’s Toxoph. p. 58, ed. Arber.)</p> +<p>“Apon the bald Bucifelon <i>brant</i> up he sittes.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 124.)</p> +<p>“Thane come thai blesnande till a barme of a <i>brent</i> lawe +(hill).”</p> +<p class="author">(<i>Ibid.</i> p. 164.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Brere, briar, <a href="poems.html#clean_line788">B. 791</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1692">1694</a>. N.Prov.E. <i>brere</i>, +<i>breer</i>. A.S. <i>brér</i>.</p> + +<p>Bresed, rough, like bristles, shaggy (?), <a href="poems.html#clean_line1692">B. 1694</a>. Cf. Sc. <i>birs</i>, +<i>birse</i>, bristle.</p> + +<p>Brest, attack, outburst, <a href="poems.html#clean_line228">B. +229</a>. N.Prov.E. <i>birst</i>, attack (Brockett). O.E. <i>burst</i> = +injury, A.S. <i>byrst</i>.</p> + +<p>Breste, to burst, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1780">B. +1783</a>.</p> + +<p class="bracket"> +Breth,<br> +Brethe,</p> +<p>wind, <a href="poems.html#patience_line104">C. 107</a>, <a href="poems.html#patience_line136">138</a>; smell, vapour, <a href="poems.html#clean_line508">B. 509</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line964">967</a>. Cf. “<i>brethe</i> of smoke.” +(Hampole’s Pricke of Conscience, l. 4727.) Sc. <i>broth</i>. Ger. +<i>brodem</i>, <i>broden</i>, steam, vapour. A.S. <i>bræth</i>, an +odour, scent, breath. “<i>Brethe</i> at his wille.” (T. B. +1945.)</p> + +<p>Breth, wrath, <a href="poems.html#clean_line916">B. 916</a>. See +<a class="error" href="#gloss_brathe" title="entry spelled ‘Brathe’"><i>Brath</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Breue, tell, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line752">A. 755</a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“<i>Breve</i> us thi name.” (K. Alex. p. 78.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Breued, related, written, <a href="poems.html#clean_line196">B. +197</a>. O.N. <i>brefa</i>.</p> + +<p>Breyþed, rushed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1420">B. 1421</a>. +See <a class="error" href="#gloss_brayde" title="entry spelled ‘Brayde’"><i>Braid</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Brod, great; “<i>brod</i> wonder,” <a href="poems.html#clean_line584">B. 584</a>.</p> + +<p>Brode, broad, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line648">A. 650</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Brok,<br> +Broke,</td> +<td><p>brook, river, stream, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line980">A. +981</a>; <i>pl.</i> <i>brokeȝ</i>. <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1072">A. 1074</a>, sea; <a href="poems.html#patience_line144">C. 145</a>. A.S. +<i>broca</i>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<span class="pagenum">129b</span> +<a name="page129b" id="page129b"> </a> + +<p>Brom (broom), heath, <a href="poems.html#patience_line392">C. +392</a>. A.S. <i>bróm</i>.</p> + +<p>Bronch, branch, <a href="poems.html#clean_line484">B. 487</a>.</p> + +<p>Bronde, sword, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1244">B. 1246</a>. +O.N. <i>brandr</i>.</p> + +<p>Brond, brand, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1012">B. 1012</a>.</p> + +<p>Broþe, angry, fierce, rough, <a href="poems.html#clean_line148">B. +149</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1408">1409</a>. The original +form in O.E. is <i>brathe</i>. It is connected with <i>brethe</i>, +<i>brathe</i>, anger, wrath.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Wreth it es a <i>brath</i> on-fall (outburst)</p> +<p>Menging o mode that cums o galle.”</p> +<p class="author">(The Deadly Sins, in Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii.)</p> +</div> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Broþely,<br> +Broþlych,</td> +<td><p>fierce, rough, and hence vile, bad, <a href="poems.html#clean_line848">A. 848</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1028">1030</a>; vilely, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1256">A. 1256</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line472">B. 474</a>. The original form is +<i>braþly</i>, fiercely, vigorously.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Thoner o-loft fal sal he (Antichrist) gar,</p> +<p>And tres <i>brathli</i> blomes bere;</p> +<p><i>Brathli</i> to do the see be reth (stormy)</p> +<p>And <i>brathli</i> to do it be smeth.”</p> +<p class="author">(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 124<i>a</i>.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Broun, brown, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line536">A. 537</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line988">990</a>.</p> + +<p>Browden, clustered, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1132">B. +1132</a>.</p> + +<p>Broȝt, brought, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line284">A. 286</a>.</p> + +<p>Brugge = brigge, bridge, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1184">B. +1187</a>. A.S. <i>bricge</i>.</p> + +<p>Brunt, blow, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line172">A. 174</a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“All þat was bitten of the best (beast)</p> +<p>was at a brunt dede.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 134.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Brurd, border, edge, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1472">B. +1474</a>. Sc. <i>breard</i>. A.S. <i>brerd</i>, <i>breard</i>, +<i>briord</i>, <i>breord</i>, brim, margin, rim, shore, brink.</p> + +<p>Brurd-ful, brimful, full up to the brim, <a href="poems.html#clean_line380">B. 383</a>. Chaucer uses <i>bret-ful</i> in +the same sense.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">130</span> +<a name="page130" id="page130"> </a> + +<p>Brutage = bretage, parapets of a wall, ramparts, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1188">B. 1190</a>. Fr. <i>breteche</i>.</p> + +<p>Bruxle, upbraid, reprove, <a href="poems.html#patience_line344">C. +345</a>. O.N. <i>bríxla</i>, to reprove, reproach.</p> + +<p>Brych, filth, uncleanness, <a href="poems.html#clean_line848">B. +848</a><ins class="correction" title="text has , for .">. </ins>The +meaning here assigned to <i>brych</i> is conjectural. Cf. Du. +<i>brack</i>, refuse, damaged. <ins class="correction" title="text reads ‘Gr.’">Ger.</ins> <i>brechen</i>, to vomit, <i>Bryche</i> as an +adjective occurs in Robt. Brunne’s “Handlyng Synne,” p. 182, where +it is glossed low (loghe) <i>i.e.</i> vile.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Now ys Pers bycome <i>bryche</i></p> +<p>That er was bothe stoute and ryche.” In the Romance of Alexander, ed. +Stevenson, we find the form <i>bicchid</i> = <i>briched</i> (?). Cf. +<i>shille</i> and <i>shrille</i>, etc.</p> +<p>“And on the aȝtent day, eftire the prime</p> +<p>A basilisk in a browe, breis (annoys) thaim unfaire,</p> +<p>A straȝtill and a stithe worme <i>stinkande</i> of elde,</p> +<p>And es so bitter, and so breme, and <i>bicchid</i> (foul) in +himselfe,</p> +<p>That with the <i>stinke</i> and the strenth he stroyes noȝt +allane,</p> +<p>Bot quat he settes on his siȝt, he slaes in a stonde.”</p> +<p class="author">(p. 165.)</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="gloss_bryd" id="gloss_bryd">Bryd</a>, lady, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line768">A. 769</a>. A.S. <i>bryd</i>, a bride, a +wife, woman.</p> + +<p>Brydde, bird, <a href="poems.html#clean_line288">B. 288</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1480">1482</a>.</p> + +<p>Brydale, wedding, marriage, <a href="poems.html#clean_line140">B. +142</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Brym,<br> +Brymme,</td> +<td><p>bank, shore, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line232">A. 232</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line1072">1074</a>. Dan. +<i>bremme</i>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Brymme, stream, water, <a href="poems.html#clean_line364">B. +365</a>. +<span class="pagenum">130b</span> +<a name="page130b" id="page130b"> </a> +A.S. <i>brym</i>, the sea. In this sense <i>brymme</i> seems to have +been unknown to the Southern dialect.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“O þis water þat sua stanc</p> +<p>Wa was þam þat it nedings dranc,</p> +<p>Þat toþer oncom þat him felle,</p> +<p>Was frosse þat na tung moght telle,</p> +<p>Þat ute o <i>brim</i> and brokes bred,</p> +<p>And siþen over al Egypte spred.”</p> +<p class="author">(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 32<i>b</i>.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Brynkeȝ, brinks, banks, <a href="poems.html#clean_line384">B. +384</a>.</p> + +<p>Brynston, brimstone, <a href="poems.html#clean_line964">B. +967</a>.</p> + +<p>Bryȝt, <i>adj.</i> bright, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line108">A. +110</a>; <i>sb.</i> bright one, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line752">A. 755</a>.</p> + +<p>Bukkeȝ, bucks, <a href="poems.html#clean_line392">B. 392</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_bulde" id="gloss_bulde">Bulde</a>, built, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1188">B. 1190</a>.</p> + +<p>Buleȝ, bulls, <a href="poems.html#clean_line392">B. 392</a>.</p> + +<p>Bulk, stern of a ship. A.S. <i>bolca</i>, O.H.G. <i>pl.</i> +<i>balkun</i>. Agiavia, loca per quæ ad remiges acceditur. (Graff. iii. +p. 108.)</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +<a name="gloss_bur" id="gloss_bur">Bur</a>,<br> +Burre,</td> +<td><p>blow, assault, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line176">A. 176</a>; +<a href="poems.html#patience_line4">C. 7</a>. O.Sc. <i>byr</i>, a +blow. N.Prov. <i>birre</i>, <i>burr</i>. W. <i>bur</i>, violence, rage. +See Wicliffe, St. Luke, viii. 33.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“—— no buerne might ffor the <i>birre</i> it abide.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 170. Cf. T. B. 571, 1902.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Bur, wave, <a href="poems.html#patience_line148">C. 148</a>. +Prov.E. <i>bore</i>. Icel. <i>bara</i>. O.Ger. <i>bare</i>. Du. +<i>baar</i>, wave, billow. In Laȝamon, vol. iii. p. 121, <i>Þe +beares</i> occurs in the latter version for <i>þa vðen</i> of the older +copy.</p> + +<p>Burde, behoved, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line316">A. 316</a>; +<a href="poems.html#patience_line116">C. 117</a>, <a href="poems.html#patience_line504">507</a>. O.N. <i>byrjar</i>. Dan. +<i>bör</i>.</p> + +<p>Burde, a woman, lady. <a href="poems.html#clean_line80">B. 80</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line652">653</a>. See <a href="#gloss_bryd"><i>Bryd</i></a>. See T. B. 3984.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">131</span> +<a name="page131" id="page131"> </a> +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket three"> +<a name="gloss_burghe" id="gloss_burghe">Burghe</a>,<br> +Burȝ,<br> +Burȝe,</td> +<td><p>city, town, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line980">A. 980</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line980">A. 982</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line364">B. 366</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p><a name="gloss_burne" id="gloss_burne">Burne</a>, man, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line396">A. 397</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line712">712</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1200">A. 1202</a>; “<i>burneȝ & burdeȝ</i>,” +men and women, <a href="poems.html#clean_line80">B. 80</a>. A.S. +<i>beorn</i>, warrior, hero.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Burnist,<br> +Burnyst,</td> +<td><p>burnished, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1084">B. +1085</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Burre, blow, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line176">A. 176</a>. See +<a href="#gloss_bur"><i>bur</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Burþen, burden, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1436">B. +1439</a>.</p> + +<p>Butter, <a href="poems.html#clean_line636">B. 636</a>.</p> + +<p>Burȝ, city, town, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1664">B. 1666</a>. +See <a href="#gloss_burghe"><i>burghe</i></a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Busch,<br> +Busche,</td> +<td><p>= buske, to go, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1416">A. +1416</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line140">B. 143</a>, <a href="poems.html#patience_line472">472</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“& he (she) wist it as wel or bet as ȝif it were hire owne,</p> +<p>Til hit big was & bold to <i>buschen</i>, on felde.”</p> +<p class="author">(William and the Werwolf, p. 7.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Busily, laboriously, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1444">B. +1446</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_busk" id="gloss_busk">Busk</a>, prepare, made +ready, dress, to direct one’s steps towards a place, to go, hasten. +<a href="poems.html#clean_line140">A. 142</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line332">333</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line348">351</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line632">633</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1392">1395</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line436">B. 437</a>. Icel. <i>at buast</i> +(for <i>at buasc</i>) = <i>at bua sig</i>, to bend one’s steps, to +prepare, etc. See T. B. 1186.</p> + +<p>Busmar, scorn, mockery, <a href="poems.html#clean_line652">B. +653</a>. A.S. <i>bismer</i>, reproach, blasphemy.</p> + +<p>Bustwys, impetuous, fiery, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line908">A. +911</a>. See <a href="#gloss_bostwys"><i>bostwys</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Busyeȝ = busies, troubles, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line268">A. +268</a>.</p> + +<p>Buyrne = burne, man, <a href="poems.html#patience_line340">C. +340</a>. See <a href="#gloss_burne"><i>Burne</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Bycalle, call, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line912">A. 913</a>.</p> + +<p>Bycalt, aroused, called, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1160">A. +1163</a>.</p> + +<p>Bycom, became, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line536">A. 537</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">131b</span> +<a name="page131b" id="page131b"> </a> + +<p>Byde, abide, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line396">A. 399</a>; suffer, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line664">A. 664</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line32">A. 32</a>; remain, <a href="poems.html#clean_line448">B. 449</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line620">622</a><ins class="correction" title="text has , for .">. </ins></p> + +<p>Bydene, quickly, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line196">A. 196</a>.</p> + +<p>Bye, buy, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line732">A. 732</a>.</p> + +<p>Byfallen, befallen, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1628">B. +1629</a>.</p> + +<p>Byfore, before, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line528">A. 530</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Bigge,<br> +Byge,</td> +<td><p>great, <a href="poems.html#clean_line228">B. 229</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Byggyng,<br> +Bygyng,</td> +<td><p>building, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line932">A. 932</a>; +dwelling, <a href="poems.html#clean_line376">B. 378</a>. A.S. +<i>byggan</i>, to build, Icel. <i>byggia</i>. See T. B. +1379.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Bygly, great, strong; “<i>bygly bylde</i>,” great building, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line960">A. 963</a>. See T. B. 5216.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Bygonne,<br> +Bygonnen,</td> +<td><p>begun, <i>p.p.</i> of <i>byginne</i>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line32">A. 33</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line748">A. 749</a>; began, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line548">B. 549</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Bygyn, begin, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line544">A. 547</a>.</p> + +<p>Bygynner, beginner, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line436">A. +436</a>.</p> + +<p>Byhelde, beheld, <a href="poems.html#clean_line452">B. 452</a>.</p> + +<p>Byhod, behoved, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line928">A. 928</a>. Cf. +<i>bud</i>, behoved; <i>bus</i>, behoves.</p> + +<p>Byholde, behold, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line808">A. 810</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line64">B. 64</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Byhynde,<br> +Byhynden,</td> +<td><p>behind, <a href="poems.html#clean_line652">B. 653</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line980">980</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Byld,<br> +Bylded,</td> +<td><p>built, See <a href="#gloss_bulde"><i>Bulde</i></a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Bylde, building, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line724">A. 727</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line960">963</a>.</p> + +<p>Bylyue, immediately, at once, quickly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line352">B. 353</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line608">610</a>.</p> + +<p>Bynde, bine, woodbine, C. 444. Sw. <i>binda</i>. Ger. <i>winde</i>. +Eng. <i>bind</i>-weed.</p> + +<p>Bynne, within, <a href="poems.html#clean_line452">B. 452</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line464">467</a>.</p> + +<p>Byrled, poured out, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1712">B. +1715</a>. See <a href="#gloss_birle"><i>Birle</i></a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Bysech,<br> +Byseche,</td> +<td><p>beseech, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line388">A. +390</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Byseme, beseem, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line308">A. 310</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">132</span> +<a name="page132" id="page132"> </a> + +<p>Bysulpe, defile, <a href="poems.html#clean_line572">B. 575</a>. See +<a href="#gloss_sulpe"><i>Sulpe</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Byswyke, defraud, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line568">A. 568</a>. +A.S. <i>swícan</i>, deceive.</p> + +<p>Bysyde, beside, <a href="poems.html#clean_line672">B. 673</a><ins +class="correction" title="text has , for .">. </ins></p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Bytaȝt,<br> +Bytaȝte,</td> +<td><p>= betaught, entrusted, confided; <i>pret.</i> of <i>biteche</i>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line1204">A. 1207</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line528">B. 528</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Byte, fierce, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line352">A. 355</a>.</p> + +<p>Byþenk, repent, <a href="poems.html#clean_line580">B. 582</a>.</p> + +<p>Bytterly, <i>adv.</i> <a href="poems.html#clean_line468">B. +468</a>.</p> + +<p>Bytwene, between, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line140">A. 140</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line656">658</a>.</p> + +<p>Bytwyste, betwixt, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line464">A. +464</a>.</p> + +<p>Bytyde, betide, happen, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line396">A. +397</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line520">B. 522</a>.</p> + +<p>Byye, buy, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line476">A. 478</a>.</p> + +<p>Byȝe, crown, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line464">A. 466</a>; ring, +collar, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1636">B. 1638</a>. A.S. +<i>beáh</i>, <i>beág</i>, ring, collar, diadem.</p> + +<p>Byȝonde, beyond, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line140">A. 141</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line144">146</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line156">158</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line980">981</a>.</p> + + +<p class="letterhead"> +<a name="gloss_C" id="gloss_C" href="#glossary">C</a></p> + +<p>Cable, <a href="poems.html#patience_line100">C. 102</a>.</p> + +<p>Cace, case, chance, <a href="poems.html#patience_line264">C. +265</a>.</p> + +<p class="bracket"> +<a name="gloss_cache" id="gloss_cache">Cache</a>,<br> +Cachche,</p> +<p>= catch, drive away, take away. (1) “<i>cache</i> to,” run to, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line628">A. 629</a>; (2) take, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line896">A. 898</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1252">1252</a>. <i>Cachche</i>, to knock together, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1540">A. 1541</a>. <i>Cached</i>, +caught, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1800">B. 1800</a>. Prov. +Fr. <i>cacher</i>. Fr. <i>chasser</i>. It. <i>cacciare</i>.</p> + +<p>Cachen (<i>3d pers. pl.</i> of <i>cache</i>), <a href="poems.html#clean_line16">B. 16</a>.</p> + +<p>Cagged, drawn along (?), <a href="poems.html#clean_line1252">B. +1254</a>.</p> + +<p>Caggen (<i>3d pers. pl. pres.</i> of <i>cagge</i>), draw (?), <a href="poems.html#pearl_line512">A. 512</a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Cables were <i>caget</i> togedur.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 3703.)</p> + +<span class="pagenum">132b</span> +<a name="page132b" id="page132b"> </a> + +<p>“He plyes ovir the pavement with pallene webis.</p> +<p>Mas on hiȝt ovir his hede for hete of the sone,</p> +<p>Sylours of sendale to sele ovire the gatis,</p> +<p>And sammes thaim on aither side with silken rapis,</p> +<p>And then he <i>caggis</i> up one</p> +<p>Cordis, as curteyns it ware.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 52.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Cal, <i>sb.</i> call, invitation, <a href="poems.html#clean_line60">B. 61</a>.</p> + +<p>Calder, colder, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line320">A. 320</a>.</p> + +<p>Calleȝ, addresses, <a href="poems.html#patience_line408">C. +411</a>.</p> + +<p>Callyng, <i>sb.</i> proclamation, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1360">B. 1362</a>. N.Prov.E. calling, notice. +“<i>Callynge</i>, or clepyng to mete: Invitacio.” (Prompt. Parv.)</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_calsydoyne" id="gloss_calsydoyne">Calsydoyne</a>, +chalcedony, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1000">A. 1003</a>.</p> + +<p>Cambe, came, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line772">A. 775</a>.</p> + +<p>Canacle, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1460">B. 1461</a>. M.Lat. +<i>canicellus</i>, a little box, chest.</p> + +<p>Candel, <a href="poems.html#patience_line472">C. 472</a>.</p> + +<p>Candelstik, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1476">B. 1478</a>.</p> + +<p>Capeles, horses, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1252">B. 1254</a>. +<i>Capul</i> or <i>caple</i>, horse. Caballus. (Prompt. Parv.)</p> + +<p>Capstan, <a href="poems.html#clean_line416">B. 418</a>.</p> + +<p>Captyuidé, captivity, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1612">B. +1612</a>.</p> + +<p>Caraldes, <a href="poems.html#patience_line156">C. 159</a>.</p> + +<p>Carayne, carrion, <a href="poems.html#clean_line456">B. +459</a>.</p> + +<p>Care, sorrow, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line48">A. 50</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line368">371</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line776">B. 777</a>. A.S. <i>cáru</i>. Goth. +<i>kara</i>.</p> + +<p>Careful, sorrowful, <a href="poems.html#clean_line768">B. +770</a>.</p> + +<p>Carf, carved, formed, <a href="poems.html#patience_line128">C. +131</a>.</p> + +<p>Carfully, sorrowfully, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1252">B. +1252</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_carle" id="gloss_carle">Carle</a>, a low fellow, a +churl, <a href="poems.html#clean_line876">B. 876</a>. A.S. +<i>ceorl</i>, a man, countryman. Du. <i>kaerle</i>. Ger. +<i>kerl</i>.</p> + +<p>Carneles, battlements, embrasures, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1380">B. 1382</a>.</p> + +<p>Carpe, <i>sb.</i> discourse, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line880">A. +883</a>; +<span class="pagenum">133</span> +<a name="page133" id="page133"> </a> +parable, <a href="poems.html#clean_line20">A. 23</a>; speech, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1324">B. 1327</a>.</p> + +<p>Carpe, <i>vb.</i> to discourse, talk, speak, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line380">A. 381</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line72">A. 74</a>; of carpe, discourse of, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line752">B. 752</a>. “<i>Carpyn</i> or talkyn, +fabulor, confabulor, garrulo.” (Prompt. Parv.) Port. <i>carpire</i>, +cry.</p> + +<p>Carping, discourse, speech, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1548">B. +1550</a>.</p> + +<p>Cas, case, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line672">A. 673</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket three"> +Cast,<br> +Caste,<br> +Kest,</td> +<td><p>condition, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1160">A. +1163</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Cast, look, <a href="poems.html#clean_line768">B. 768</a>.</p> + +<p>Casydoyne, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1468">B. 1471</a>. See +<a href="#gloss_calsydoyne"><i>Calsydoyne</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Catel, wealth, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1296">B. 1296</a>.</p> + +<p>Cawse, reason, <a href="poems.html#clean_line64">B. 65</a>.</p> + +<p>Cause, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line700">A. 702</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_cayre" id="gloss_cayre">Cayre</a>, to turn one’s +steps to a place, to go, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1028">A. +1031</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line84">B. 85</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line900">901</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1256">1259</a>. “Kaire to þi londe,” T. B. +836. A.S. <i>cérran</i>. Ger. <i>kehren</i>. Du. <i>keeren</i>, to +turn.</p> + +<p>Cayser, emperor, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1320">B. +1322</a>.</p> + +<p>Caytif, wretched, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1424">B. +1426</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Caȝt,<br> +Caȝte,</td> +<td><p>caught, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line48">A. 50</a>; caȝte of, +took off, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line236">A. 237</a>; caȝt away, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1272">A. 1275</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line484">B. 485</a>. See <a href="#gloss_cache"><i>Cache</i></a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Certeȝ, truly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line104">B. 105</a>.</p> + +<p>Cerue, cut, dig, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1544">B. +1547</a>.</p> + +<p>Ceté, city, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line924">A. 927</a>.</p> + +<p>Ceuer, recover, reach, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line316">A. +319</a>.</p> + +<p>Chace, drive, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line440">A. 443</a>.</p> + +<p>Chambre, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line904">A. 904</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1584">B. 1586</a>.</p> + +<p>Chapel, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1060">A. 1062</a>.</p> + +<p>Charde, turned, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line608">A. 608</a>. A.S. +<i>cérran</i>, to turn, avert. Cf. <i>ajar</i>, older form +a-<i>char</i>, on-<i>char</i>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">133b</span> +<a name="page133b" id="page133b"> </a> + +<p>Charged, commanded, <a href="poems.html#clean_line464">B. +464</a>.</p> + +<p>Charged, loaded, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1152">B. 1154</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1292">1295</a>.</p> + +<p>Chariote, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1292">B. 1295</a>.</p> + +<p>Charyté, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line468">A. 470</a>.</p> + +<p>Chast, chasten, <a href="poems.html#clean_line860">B. 860</a>.</p> + +<p>Chastyse, <a href="poems.html#clean_line540">B. 543</a>.</p> + +<p>Chaufen, heat, increase, <a href="poems.html#clean_line128">B. +128</a>.</p> + +<p>Chaunce, chance, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1124">B. +1125</a>.</p> + +<p>Chaundeler, candlestick, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1272">B. +1272</a>.</p> + +<p>Chaunge, change, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1588">B. +1588</a>.</p> + +<p>Chawleȝ, jaws, <a href="poems.html#patience_line268">C. 268</a>. +N.Prov.E. <i>chavel</i>. A.S. <i>ceafl</i>. S.Sax. <i>cheuele</i>. Cp. +the vulgar phrase “cheek by <i>jowl</i>.”</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Chayer,<br> +Chayere,</td> +<td><p>chair, seat, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line884">A. 885</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1216">B. 1218</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Chef, chief, <a href="poems.html#clean_line684">B. 684</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1236">1238</a>.</p> + +<p>Cheftayn, chieftain, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1292">B. +1295</a>.</p> + +<p>Chekke, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1236">B. 1238</a>.</p> + +<p>Chere, cheer, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line404">A. 407</a>; +countenance, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line884">A. 887</a>. Prov. Sp. +<i>cara</i>, O.Fr. <i>chiere</i>, countenance, favour, look.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Cheryche,<br> +Cherisch,</td> +<td><p>cherish, <a href="poems.html#clean_line128">B. 128</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line540">543</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1152">1154</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1644">1644</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Ches, chose (<i>pret.</i> of <i>chese</i>), <a href="poems.html#pearl_line756">A. 759</a>.</p> + +<p>Cheualrye, chivalry, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1236">B. +1238</a>.</p> + +<p>Cheue, achieve, accomplish, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1124">B. +1125</a>. Fr. <i>achever</i>, to bring to a head, accomplish. Fr. +<i>chevir</i>, to compass.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Cheuetayn,<br> +Cheuentayn,</td> +<td><p>chieftain, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line604">A. 605</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line464">B. 464</a>. O.Fr. +<i>chevetaine</i><ins class="correction" title="text has , for .">. </ins></p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Childer,<br> +Chylder,</td> +<td><p>children, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line716">A. 718</a><ins +class="correction" title="text has : for ;">; </ins>B. +1300.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p><a name="gloss_chorles" id="gloss_chorles">Chorles</a>, churl, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1256">B. 1258</a>. See <a href="#gloss_carle"><i>Carle</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Chos, went. See “chosen,” T. B. 490.</p> + +<p>Chyche, niggard, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line604">A. 605</a>. Fr. +<span class="pagenum">134</span> +<a name="page134" id="page134"> </a> +<i>chice</i>, avarice. <i>Chynche</i> and <i>kynche</i> are other forms +of the same word.</p> + +<p>Chyde, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line400">A. 403</a>.</p> + +<p>Chyldryn, (<i>gen. pl.</i>) of children, <a href="poems.html#clean_line684">B. 684</a>.</p> + +<p>Chylled = chilled, shivered, became cold, <a href="poems.html#patience_line368">C. 368</a>.</p> + +<p>Chysly = choysly, aptly, well, <a href="poems.html#clean_line540">B. 543</a>.</p> + +<p>Ciences, sciences, knowledge, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1288">B. 1289</a>.</p> + +<p>Clam (<i>pret.</i>), climbed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line404">B. +405</a>.</p> + +<p>Clambe (<i>2 sing. pret.</i>), climbedst, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line772">A. 773</a>.</p> + +<p>Clanner, cleaner, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1100">B. +1100</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Clanly,<br> +Clanlych,</td> +<td><p>cleanly, purely, <a href="poems.html#pearl">A. 2</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line264">A. 264</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1088">1089</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1324">1327</a>; neatly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line308">B. 310</a>. T. B. 53.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Clannes, clannesse, cleanness, purity, <a href="poems.html#cleanness">A. 1</a>, 12, 1809.</p> + +<p>Claryoun, clarion, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1208">B. +1210</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Clater,<br> +Clatter,</td> +<td><p>shatter, <a href="poems.html#clean_line912">B. +912</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“So hard was she beseged soth for to telle,</p> +<p>And so harde sautes to the cite were ȝeuen,</p> +<p>That the komli kerneles were to-<i>clatered</i> with engines.”</p> +<p class="author">(William and the Werwolf, p. 103.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Clatering, clattering, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1512">B. +1515</a>. Du. <i>klateren</i>, to rattle.</p> + +<p>Clatȝ, clash, clatter, <a href="poems.html#clean_line836">B. +839</a>. Ger. <i>klatschen</i>, to clap; <i>klatsch</i>, slap, +clash.</p> + +<p>Clawres, claws, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1696">B. 1696</a>. +<i>Clawres</i> is perhaps an error for <i>clawes</i>. It may, however, +be another form of O.E. <i>clever</i>, <i>claver</i>, a claw. Du. +<i>klaveren</i>, <i>kleveren</i>. +<span class="pagenum">134b</span> +<a name="page134b" id="page134b"> </a> +N.Prov.E. <i>claiver</i>, to claw oneself up, to scramble.</p> + +<p>Clay, <a href="poems.html#clean_line312">A. 312</a>. +<i>Clay</i>-daubed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line492">B. 492</a>.</p> + +<p>Clayme, call for, cry for, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1096">B. +1096</a>.</p> + +<p>Cleche, receive, take, <a href="poems.html#clean_line12">A. 12</a>. +“<i>Cleches</i> to,” takes, lays hold of, <a href="poems.html#clean_line632">B. 634</a>. Sc. <i>cleik</i>, +<i>clek</i>, <i>cluke</i>, claw, hook; <i>cleke</i>, <i>cleik</i>, +catch, snatch. O.Sw. <i>klaencka</i>, to snatch, seize.</p> + +<p>Clef, cleft, split (<i>pret.</i> of <i>cleve</i>), <a href="poems.html#clean_line364">B. 367</a>.</p> + +<p>Clem, claim, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line824">A. 826</a>.</p> + +<p>Cleme, daub, plaster with clay, <a href="poems.html#clean_line312">B. 312</a>. N.Prov.E. <i>cleam</i>. +<i>Clam</i>, to daub, glue. S.Prov.E. <i>cloam</i>, earthenware; +<i>clomer</i>, a potter. A.S. <i>clem</i>, <i>clám</i>, clay; +<i>clæmian</i>, to <i>clam</i>, smear.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“I stoppe thys ouyn wythowtyn dowte,</p> +<p>With clay I <i>clome</i> yt uppe ryght fast,</p> +<p>That non heat cum [ther] owte.”</p> +<p class="author">(The Play of the Sacrament, p. 132.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Clene, perfect, whole, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1728">B. +1731</a>.</p> + +<p>Clenge, cling, stick, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1032">B. +1034</a>. Dan. <i>klynge</i>, to cluster, crowd. S.Prov.E. +<i>clunge</i>, to crowd, squeeze; <i>clungy</i>, sticky.</p> + +<p>Clente, clenched, fastened, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line256">A. +259</a>. Cf. <i>queynte</i> = quenched, <i>dreynte</i> = drenched.</p> + +<p>Clepe, to call, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1344">B. 1345</a>. +A.S. <i>clypian</i>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Cler,<br> +Clere,</td> +<td><p>clear, <a href="poems.html#pearl">A. 2</a>, 207; bright, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line620">A. 620</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line732">735</a>; plain, <a href="poems.html#clean_line24">B. 26</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Clergye, learning, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1568">B. +1570</a>.</p> + +<p>Clerkeȝ, clerks, scholars, <a href="poems.html#clean_line192">B. +193</a>.</p> + +<p>Clernes, clearness, beauty, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1352">B. +1353</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">135</span> +<a name="page135" id="page135"> </a> + +<p>Cleþe, clothe, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1740">B. 1741</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Cleȝt,<br> +Clyȝt,</td> +<td><p>= clutched, fastened, (<i>p.p.</i> of <i>cleche</i>), <a href="poems.html#clean_line856">A. 858</a>; fixed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1652">B. 1655</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Clobbeȝ, clubs, <a href="poems.html#clean_line836">B. 839</a>.</p> + +<p>Clos, enclosure, house, <a href="poems.html#clean_line836">B. +839</a>.</p> + +<p>Clos, closed, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line180">A. 183</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line12">B. 12</a>.</p> + +<p>Closed, enclosed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line308">B. +310</a>.</p> + +<p>Clot, mount, hill, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line788">A. 789</a>. +In the “Owl and Nightingale,” 999, we find <i>clude</i>, a hill. +A.S. <i>clúd</i>. Low Ger. <i>kloot</i>, a hill.</p> + +<p>Clot, soil, earth, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line20">A. 22</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line320">320</a>. Du. <i>klot</i>, +<i>klotte</i>, clod, clot.</p> + +<p>Clotteȝ, clods, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line856">A. 857</a>.</p> + +<p>Cloþ, sail, <a href="poems.html#patience_line104">C. 105</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Cloutes,<br> +Clowteȝ,</td> +<td><p>pieces, <a href="poems.html#clean_line364">B. 367</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line964">965</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Cloystor, cloister, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line968">A. +969</a>.</p> + +<p>Cluchche, clutch, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1540">B. +1541</a>.</p> + +<p>Clustered, <a href="poems.html#clean_line364">B. 367</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line948">951</a>. See T. B. 1647.</p> + +<p>Clutte, clouted, patched (?), <a href="poems.html#clean_line40">B. +40</a>. A.S. <i>clút</i>, a clout.</p> + +<p>Clyde, plaister (?), <a href="poems.html#clean_line1692">B. +1692</a>. A.S. <i>clitha</i>. Cf. “<i>Clyte</i>, <i>clete</i>, or vegge +(<i>clete</i> or wegge, K.) cuneus.” (Prompt. Parv.)</p> + +<p>Clyffe, cliff, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line156">A. 159</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line404">B. 405</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line964">965</a>.</p> + +<p>Clyket, clicket, latch, <a href="poems.html#clean_line856">B. +858</a>. Prov. Fr. <i>cliche</i>, a latch, bolt. <i>Clyket</i> of a +dore, <i>clicquette</i>. (Palsgrave.)</p> + +<p>Clynge, wither, decay, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line856">A. +857</a>. A.S. <i>clingan</i>.</p> + +<p>Clyppe, fasten, <a href="poems.html#clean_line416">B. 418</a>. A.S. +<i>clyppan</i>, to embrace.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“I wold yonder worthy weddit me hade,</p> +<p>So comly, so cleane to <i>clippe</i> uppon nightes.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 474.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Clypper, shearer, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line800">A. +802</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">135b</span> +<a name="page135b" id="page135b"> </a> +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Clyue,<br> +Clyuy,</td> +<td><p>cleave, cling to, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1628">B. +1630</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1692">1692</a>. Du. +<i>kleeven</i>, <i>klijven</i>, to fasten. A.S. <i>clífan</i>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Clyuen, cleave, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1196">A. +1196</a>.</p> + +<p>Clyȝt, clutched, stuck, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1692">B. +1692</a>.</p> + +<p>Cnawe, know, acknowledge, <a href="poems.html#patience_line516">C. +519</a>.</p> + +<p>Cnawyng, <i>sb.</i> knowledge, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line856">A. 859</a>.</p> + +<p>Cnoken, knock, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line724">A. 727</a>.</p> + +<p>Cob-hous = cov (cow)-house (?), <a href="poems.html#clean_line628">B. 629</a>. <i>Cob</i> may be another form of +Prov. Ger. <i>colb</i>, a heifer.</p> + +<p>Cof, quickly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line60">A. 60</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line896">898</a>; quick, <a href="poems.html#clean_line624">B. 624</a>. A.S. <i>cáf</i>, quick, +expert.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Cofer,<br> +Cofere,</td> +<td><p>coffer, chest, coffin, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line256">A. +259</a>; ship, ark, <a href="poems.html#clean_line308">B. 310</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line336">339</a>; jewel box, 1428. Fr. +<i>coffre</i>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Cofly, quickly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1428">B. +1428</a>.</p> + +<p>Coge, boat, <a href="poems.html#patience_line152">C. 152</a>. +<i>Cogges</i> with cablis cachyn to londe, T. B. 1077.</p> + +<p>Cokreȝ, cockers, a kind of rustic high shoes or half boots fastened +with laces or buttons, <a href="poems.html#clean_line40">B. 40</a>. “<i>Cocur</i> boote. Ocrea. +coturnus.” (Prompt. Parv.) The term is still used in the north of +England = gaiters, leggings.</p> + +<p>Cole, coal, <a href="poems.html#clean_line456">B. 456</a>.</p> + +<p>Cole, cool, <a href="poems.html#patience_line452">C. 452</a>.</p> + +<p>Colde, great, severe, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line48">A. 50</a>; +“<i>careȝ</i> colde,” great sorrow, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line808">A. 808</a>.</p> + +<p>Coler, collar, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1568">B. 1569</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1744">1744</a>.</p> + +<p>Colored, <a href="poems.html#clean_line456">B. 456</a>.</p> + +<p>Colour, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line752">A. 753</a>.</p> + +<p>Coltour = coulter, (of a plough), <a href="poems.html#clean_line1544">B. 1547</a>. Fr. <i>coultre</i>. Lat. +<i>culter</i>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">136</span> +<a name="page136" id="page136"> </a> + +<p>Colwarde, deceitful, <a href="poems.html#clean_line180">B. 181</a>. +See <a href="poems.html#clean_note181">note on this word</a>. Cf. +<i>kolsipe</i> (col-ship), deceit.</p> + +<p>Comaunde, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1428">B. 1428</a>.</p> + +<p>Combre, to trouble, destroy, <a href="poems.html#clean_line900">B. +901</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1024">1024</a>. Du. +<i>kommer</i>, <i>kombre</i>, loss, adversity, care, grief.</p> + +<p>Combraunce, trouble, <a href="poems.html#clean_line4">B. 4</a>. See +T. B. 726.</p> + +<p>Come, <i>sb.</i> coming, arrival, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1116">A. 1116</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line464">B. 467</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Of his <i>come</i> fayne.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 975.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Comende, <a href="poems.html#cleanness">A. 1</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Comfort,<br> +Comforte,</td> +<td><p><i>sb.</i> <a href="poems.html#pearl_line52">A. 55</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line356">357</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +<a name="gloss_comly" id="gloss_comly">Comly</a>,<br> +Comlych,</td> +<td><p>comely, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line256">A. 259</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line544">B. 546</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Commune, common, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line736">A. 739</a>.</p> + +<p>Comparisune, <i>vb.</i> compare, <a href="poems.html#clean_line160">B. 161</a>.</p> + +<p>Compas, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1072">A. 1072</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line316">B. 319</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1452">1455</a>.</p> + +<p>Compast, <a href="poems.html#clean_line696">B. 697</a>.</p> + +<p>Compaynye, company, <a href="poems.html#clean_line116">B. +119</a>.</p> + +<p>Comyne, B. <a class="error" href="poems.html#clean_line1744" +title="missing number probably 1747"> </a>.<a class="tag" name="endtagB" id="endtagB" href="#endnoteB">B</a> See +T. B. 12863.</p> + +<p>Con = can, did (used as an auxiliary of the past tense), <a href="poems.html#pearl_line452">A. 453</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1560">A. 1561</a>; <i>coneȝ</i>, didst, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line480">B. 482</a>.</p> + +<p>Conacle = canacle, cup, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1512">B. +1515</a>.</p> + +<p>Conciens, conscience, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1088">A. +1089</a>.</p> + +<p>Concubine, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1352">B. 1353</a>.</p> + +<p>Condelstik, candlestick, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1272">B. +1275</a>.</p> + +<p>Confourme, conform, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1064">B. +1067</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Coninge,<br> +Connyng,</td> +<td><p>wisdom, science, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1608">B. +1611</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1624">1625</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Conquere, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1428">B. 1431</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1632">1632</a>.</p> + +<p>Conquerour, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1320">B. 1322</a>.</p> + +<p>Conquest, conquered, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1304">B. +1305</a>.</p> + +<p>Consayue, conceive, <a href="poems.html#clean_line648">B. +649</a>.</p> + +<p>Conterfete, counterfeit, feign, <a href="poems.html#clean_line12">B. 13</a>.</p> + +<p>Contraré, contrary, <a href="poems.html#clean_line4">A. 4</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line264">266</a>; in <i>contrary</i>, opposite, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1532">B. 1532</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">136b</span> +<a name="page136b" id="page136b"> </a> + +<p>Controeued, contrived, <a href="poems.html#clean_line264">B. +266</a>.</p> + +<p>Contryssyoun, contrition, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line668">A. +669</a>.</p> + +<p>Conueye, guide, <a href="poems.html#clean_line676">B. 678</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line768">768</a>.</p> + +<p>Coosteȝ, properties, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1032">B. +1033</a>.</p> + +<p>Coperounes, tops, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1460">B. 1461</a>. +“<i>Coporne</i> or <i>coporoun</i> of a thyng (<i>coperone</i>, +K. H. <i>coperun</i>, P.), capitellum.” (Prompt. Parv.) “The +Catholicon explains <i>capitellum</i> as signifying merely the capital +of a column, but in the Medulla it is rendered ‘<i>summa pars +capitis</i>.’” (A. Way, in Prompt. Parv.)</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_coppe" id="gloss_coppe">Coppe</a>, top; “hyl +<i>coppe</i>,” <a href="poems.html#pearl_line788">A. 791</a>. A.S. +<i>copp</i>, head, top, apex.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Now bowis forth this baratour and bidis na langir,</p> +<p>Up at a martene mountane, he myns with his ost,</p> +<p>And viii daies bedene the driȝe was and mare,</p> +<p>Or he miȝt covir to the <i>copp</i>, fra the cave undire.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 163.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Corage, heart, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1804">B. 1806</a>.</p> + +<p>Corbyal, raven, <a href="poems.html#clean_line456">B. 456</a>.</p> + +<p>Cordes, <a href="poems.html#patience_line152">C. 153</a>.</p> + +<p>Coroun, <i>sb.</i> <a href="poems.html#pearl_line236">A. 237</a>; +<i>vb.</i> <a href="poems.html#pearl_line412">A. 415</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line764">767</a>.</p> + +<p>Cors, course, <a href="poems.html#clean_line264">B. 264</a>.</p> + +<p>Corse, corpse, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line320">A. 320</a>.</p> + +<p>Corse, to curse, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1032">B. 1032</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1580">1583</a>.</p> + +<p>Corsye, corrosive, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1032">B. +1034</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Cortays,<br> +Cortayse,</td> +<td><p>courteous, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line432">A. 433</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line512">A. 512</a>; pure, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1088">B. 1089</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Cortaysye, courtesy, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line468">A. 468</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line480">480</a>; good conduct, <a href="poems.html#clean_line12">B. 13</a>.</p> + +<p>Cortaysly, courteously, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line380">A. +381</a>; kindly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line564">B. 564</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1432">1435</a>.</p> + +<p>Corte, court, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line700">A. 701</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">137</span> +<a name="page137" id="page137"> </a> + +<p>Cortel, kirtle, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line200">A. 203</a>. +A.S.<i>cyrtel</i>. Dan. <i>kjortel</i>, a garment either for a man +or woman.</p> + +<p>Corteȝ, courteous, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line752">A. +754</a>.</p> + +<p>Corupte, <a href="poems.html#clean_line280">B. 281</a>.</p> + +<p>Coruen (<i>p.p.</i> of <i>kerue</i>), cut, reaped. <a href="poems.html#pearl_line40">A. 40</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1404">B. 1407</a>.</p> + +<p>Cost, contrivance, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1476">B. 1478</a>. +A.S. <i>costian</i>. O.Sw. <i>kosta</i>. Du. <i>koste</i>, to try, +attempt. This word is sometimes written <i>cast</i>. See “William and +the Werwolf,” p. 167.</p> + +<p>Cost, coost, property, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1024">B. +1024</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1032">1033</a>.</p> + +<p>Cost, coast, border, side, <a href="poems.html#clean_line84">B. +85</a>.</p> + +<p>Costoum, custom, <a href="poems.html#clean_line848">B. 851</a>.</p> + +<p>Coumforde, comfort, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line368">A. +369</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Counseyl,<br> +Counsayl,</td> +<td><p>counsel, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line316">A. 319</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line680">B. 683</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1200">1201</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Counte, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1684">B. 1685</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1728">1731</a>.</p> + +<p>Countenaunce, appearance, <a href="poems.html#clean_line792">B. +792</a>.</p> + +<p>Counterfete, defraud, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line556">A. +556</a>.</p> + +<p>Countes, countess, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line488">A. +489</a>.</p> + +<p>Courtaysye, courtesy, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line456">A. +457</a>.</p> + +<p>Cout, cut, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1104">B. 1104</a>.</p> + +<p>Couthe, knew, known, <a href="poems.html#clean_line812">B. 813</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1052">1054</a>.</p> + +<p>Coueyte, covet, desire, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1052">B. +1054</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Couenaunde,<br> +Couenaunt,</td> +<td><p>covenant, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line560">A. 562</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line560">563</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Couetyse, covetousness, <a href="poems.html#clean_line180">B. +181</a>.</p> + +<p>Cowpe, cup, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1456">B. 1458</a>.</p> + +<p>Cowþe, could; cowþeȝ, couldst, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line484">A. 484</a>.</p> + +<p>Cowwardely, cowardly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1628">B. +1631</a>.</p> + +<p>Coyntyse, skill, craft, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1284">B. +1287</a>. <i>Coint</i>, skilful, occurs in T. B. 125. “hir +<i>coint</i> artys.” Cf. <i>Coyntly</i>, T. B. 164.</p> + +<p>Crafte, power, wisdom; <i>pl.</i> crafteȝ, +<span class="pagenum">137b</span> +<a name="page137b" id="page137b"> </a> +A. 356; contrivance, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line888">A. 890</a>; +power, <a href="poems.html#patience_line128">C. 131</a>.</p> + +<p>Crageȝ, crags, <a href="poems.html#clean_line448">B. 449</a>.</p> + +<p>Crak, sound, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1208">B. 1210</a>.</p> + +<p>Craue, ask, pray for, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line660">A. +663</a>; beg, <a href="poems.html#clean_line800">B. 801</a>.</p> + +<p>Crede, creed, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line484">A. 485</a>.</p> + +<p>Cresse, cress, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line340">A. 343</a>.</p> + +<p>Creste, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line856">A. 856</a>.</p> + +<p>Croked, bad, <a href="poems.html#clean_line180">B. 181</a>.</p> + +<p>Crokeȝ, reapinghooks, sickles, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line40">A. +40</a>.</p> + +<p>Croneȝ, cranes, <a href="poems.html#clean_line56">B. 58</a>.</p> + +<p>Crossayl, cross-sail, <a href="poems.html#patience_line100">C. +102</a>.</p> + +<p>Croukeȝ, croaks, <a href="poems.html#clean_line456">B. 459</a>.</p> + +<p>Cruppeleȝ, cripples, <a href="poems.html#clean_line100">B. +103</a>.</p> + +<p>Cry, proclamation, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1572">B. +1574</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Crysolite,<br> +Crysolyt,</td> +<td><p>chrysolite, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1008">A. +1009</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Crysopase, chrysoprasus, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1012">A. +1013</a>.</p> + +<p>Crystal, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line156">A. 159</a>.</p> + +<p>Cumly, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line928">A. 929</a>. See <a href="#gloss_comly"><i>Comly</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Cupborde, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1440">B. 1440</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Cupyde,<br> +Cubit,</td> +<td><p><a href="poems.html#clean_line312">B. 315</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line316">319</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line404">405</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Cumfort, <a href="poems.html#patience_line484">C. 485</a>.</p> + +<p>Cupple, pair, <a href="poems.html#clean_line332">B. 333</a>.</p> + +<p>Cure, care, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1088">A. 1091</a>.</p> + +<p>Curious, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1352">B. 1353</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Cyté,<br> +Ceté,</td> +<td><p>city, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line924">A. 927</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line936">939</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<p class="letterhead"> +<a name="gloss_D" id="gloss_D" href="#glossary">D</a></p> + +<p>Dale, <a href="poems.html#clean_line384">A. 384</a> (phrase: “doun +and <i>daleȝ</i>,” hill and dale), <a href="poems.html#pearl_line120">B. 121</a>.</p> + +<p>Dalt, dealt, fulfilled, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1756">B. +1756</a>.</p> + +<p>Dam, stream, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line324">A. 324</a>; the +deep, <a href="poems.html#clean_line416">B. 416</a>. Icel. +<i>dammr</i>. Dan. <i>dam</i>, a fish pond.</p> + +<p>Dampned, damned, condemned, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line640">A. +641</a>.</p> + +<p>Dampped, quelled, <a href="poems.html#clean_line988">B. 989</a>. +Ger. +<span class="pagenum">138</span> +<a name="page138" id="page138"> </a> +<i>dampfen</i>, to suffocate, choke. Du. <i>dempen</i>. Sw. +<i>dåmpa</i>, to extinguish, repress, damp.</p> + +<p>Damysel, damsel, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line488">A. 489</a>.</p> + +<p>Dare, to tremble, be afraid, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line836">A. +839</a>. Sw. <i>darra</i>, to tremble, shake.</p> + +<p>Dard = dured, endured, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line608">A. +609</a>.</p> + +<p>Daschande, dashing, <a href="poems.html#patience_line312">C. +312</a>.</p> + +<p>Dasande, stupefying, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1536">B. +1538</a>.</p> + +<p>Dase, lie hid, cower, <a href="poems.html#patience_line380">C. +383</a>. Cf. <i>dare</i>, to lie hid, cower. For the interchange of +<i>r</i> and <i>s</i> compare O.E. <i>gaure</i>, to gaze.</p> + +<p>Dased, stupid, frightened, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1084">A. +1085</a>. Sc. <i>dozen</i>, <i>dosen</i>, to stupefy, benumb. Du. +<i>daesen</i>, to lose one’s wits; <i>daes</i>, <i>dwaes</i>, foolish, +mad. (Kil.) Prov. Ger. <i>dasen</i>, to be still.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“For he was <i>dased</i> of the dint and half dede him semyd.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 136.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Date, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line492">A. 492</a>; limit, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line492">A. 493</a>; time, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line504">A. 504</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line516">516</a>; age, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1040">A. 1040</a>.</p> + +<p>Daube, daub, plaister, <a href="poems.html#clean_line312">B. +313</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line492">492</a>. Prov.E. +<i>daub</i>, clay. “<i>Dawber</i> or cleyman; <i>dawbyn</i>, lino, +muro.” (Prompt. Parv.)</p> + +<p>Daunce, dance, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line344">A. 345</a>.</p> + +<p>Daunger, power, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line8">A. 11</a>; +insolence, <a href="poems.html#clean_line68">B. 71</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_dawande" id="gloss_dawande">Dawande</a>, dawning, +<a href="poems.html#patience_line444">C. 445</a>. A.S. <i>dagian</i>, +to become day. Icel. <i>dagan</i>, dawn.</p> + +<p>Daweȝ, days; “don out of <i>daweȝ</i>,” deprived of life, dead, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line280">A. 282</a>.</p> + +<p>Dayly, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line312">A. 313</a>.</p> + +<p>Daynty, <a href="poems.html#clean_line36">B. 38</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1044">1046</a>.</p> + +<p>Day-rawe, daybreak, <a href="poems.html#clean_line892">B. 893</a>; +<i>rawe</i> +<span class="pagenum">138b</span> +<a name="page138b" id="page138b"> </a> +or <i>rewe</i> signifies a <i>streak</i>. Cf. <i>day-rim</i>, in “Owl +and Nightingale,” l. 328.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Qwen the <i>day-rawe</i> rase, he rysis belyfe.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 14.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Daȝed, dawned, became day, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1752">B. +1755</a>. See <a href="#gloss_dawande"><i>Dawande</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Debate, strife, contest, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line388">A. +390</a>.</p> + +<p>Debonere, gracious, courteous, kind, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line160">A. 162</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line828">B. 830</a>.</p> + +<p>Debonerté, goodness, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line796">A. 798</a>; +<a href="poems.html#patience_line416">C. 418</a>.</p> + +<p>Dece = dese, seat of honour, <a href="poems.html#clean_line36">B. +38</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1396">1399</a>. See <a href="#gloss_dese"><i>Dese</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Declar, explain, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1616">B. +1618</a>.</p> + +<p>Declyne, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line332">A. 333</a>.</p> + +<p>Decre, decree, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1744">A. 1745</a>; +<a href="poems.html#patience_line384">B. 386</a>.</p> + +<p>Dedayn, disdain, displeasure, <a href="poems.html#clean_line72">A. +74</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line48">B. 50</a>.</p> + +<p>Defence, prohibition, <a href="poems.html#clean_line240">B. +243</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line244">245</a>.</p> + +<p>Defoule, defilement, <a href="poems.html#patience_line288">C. +290</a>.</p> + +<p>Defowle, to defile, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1128">B. +1129</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1144">1147</a>.</p> + +<p>Degre, degree, condition, <a href="poems.html#clean_line92">B. +92</a>.</p> + +<p>Degres, steps, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1020">A. 1022</a>.</p> + +<p>Dekenes, deacons, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1264">B. +1266</a>.</p> + +<p>Dele, deal, distribute, give, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line604">A. +606</a>; exchange, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1116">B. +1118</a>.</p> + +<p>Dele, utter, <a href="poems.html#clean_line344">B. 344</a>.</p> + +<p>Dele (dole), sorrow, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line48">A. +51</a>.</p> + +<p>Deled, dealt, <a href="poems.html#patience_line192">C. 193</a>.</p> + +<p>Delful, doleful, sorrowful, <a href="poems.html#clean_line400">B. +400</a>.</p> + +<p>Delfully, dolefully, sorrowfully, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line704">A. 706</a>.</p> + +<p>Delyt, delight, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line640">A. 642</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line1116">1116</a>.</p> + +<p>Delyuer, delivered, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1084">B. +1084</a>.</p> + +<p>Delyuer, deliver, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line652">A. 652</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line500">B. 500</a>.</p> + +<p>Deme, deem, judge, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line312">A. 312</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line312">313</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1116">A. 1118</a>; utter, decree, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1744">A. 1745</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line116">C. 119</a>; call, name, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1020">B. 1020</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1608">1611</a>. A.S. <i>déman</i>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">139</span> +<a name="page139" id="page139"> </a> +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Demerlayk,<br> +Demorlayk,</td> +<td><p>magic, glamour, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1560">B. +1561</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1576">1578</a>. S.Sax. +<i>dweomer-lake</i>, magic. A.S. <i>dweomere</i>, +a juggler.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“And all this <i>demerlayke</i> he did bot be the devylle +craftes.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 15.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Demme, <i>vb.</i> become faded, lost, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line220">A. 223</a>. A.S. <i>dem</i>, damage, hurt, +loss.</p> + +<p>Demmed = dammed, collected (?), <a href="poems.html#clean_line384">B. 384</a>. A.S. <i>demman</i>, to dam, stop +water. Carr gives <i>demin</i>, a term applied to clouds when +collected in masses. Sw. <i>dämma</i>. O.Fris. <i>demma</i>, to stop, +obstruct.</p> + +<p>Dene, vale, dale, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line292">A. 295</a>. +A.S. <i>dene</i>, <i>denu</i>.</p> + +<p>Denely, loud, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line48">A. 51</a>.</p> + +<p>Denned, resounded. If it does not signify <i>dinned</i>, it must mean +settled, took up its abode. <a href="poems.html#pearl_line48">A. 51</a>.</p> + +<p>Denounce, renounce, forsake, <a href="poems.html#clean_line104">B. +106</a>.</p> + +<p>Departe, separate, part, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line376">A. +378</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line396">B. 396</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1676">1677</a>.</p> + +<p>Depaynt, painted, adorned, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1100">A. +1102</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Dep,<br> +Depe,</td> +<td><p>profound, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line404">A. 406</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1608">B. 1609</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Depres, depress, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line776">A. 778</a>.</p> + +<p>Depryue, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line448">A. 449</a>; take away, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line184">B. 185</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_dere" id="gloss_dere">Dere</a>, <i>vb.</i> to +harm, injure, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1156">A. 1157</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line860">B. 862</a>. See T. B. 1260. A.S. +<i>derian</i>, to hurt, damage, injure.</p> + +<p>Dere, precious, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line400">A. 400</a>; +valuable, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1792">B. 1792</a>. A.S. +<i>deóre</i>, dear, precious.</p> + +<p>Dere, dear ones, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line776">A. 777</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">139b</span> +<a name="page139b" id="page139b"> </a> +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Derelych,<br> +Derely,</td> +<td><p>= dearly, beautifully, excellently, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line992">A. 995</a>; very, <a href="poems.html#clean_line268">B. 270</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Dereȝ, <i>sb.</i> harms, injuries, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line100">A. 102</a>. See T. B. 920. A.S. +<i>dar</i>, <i>daru</i>, hurt, harm.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Thai dreȝe him up to the drye (land), and he na <i>dere</i> +sufird.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 189.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Derf, great, bold, <a href="poems.html#clean_line860">B. 862</a>. +O.N. <i>diafr</i>. Sw. <i>djerf</i>, strong, bold. “A <i>derfe</i> +dragon,” T. B. 166. “Dang him <i>derffly</i> don in a ded hate.” +<i>Ib.</i> 1339.</p> + +<p>Derfly, quickly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1640">A. 1641</a>; +<a href="poems.html#patience_line108">B. 110</a>.</p> + +<p>Derk, dark, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1020">A. 1020</a>; +<a href="poems.html#patience_line260">C. 263</a>; night, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1752">B. 1755</a>. A.S. <i>deorc</i>.</p> + +<p>Derne, <i>adj.</i> secret, hidden, <a href="poems.html#clean_line588">A. 588</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1608">1611</a>; <i>adv.</i> secretly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line696">B. 697</a>. See T. B. 1962. A.S. +<i>dearn</i>, dark, secret, hidden.</p> + +<p>Derrest, dearest, <a href="poems.html#clean_line112">B. 115</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1304">1306</a>.</p> + +<p>Derþe = dearth, preciousness, value, worth, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line96">A. 99</a>. See <a href="#gloss_dere"><i>Dere</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Deruely = derfely, quickly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line632">B. +632</a>.</p> + +<p>Derworth, precious, beautiful, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line108">A. 109</a>. See <a href="#gloss_dere"><i>Dere</i></a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Des,<br> +<a name="gloss_dese" id="gloss_dese">Dese</a>,</td> +<td><p>dais, seat of honour, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line764">A. +766</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line112">B. 115</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1392">1394</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Desert, <a href="poems.html#patience_line84">C. 84</a>.</p> + +<p>Desserte, desert, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line592">A. +595</a>.</p> + +<p>Deseuered, severed, <a href="poems.html#patience_line312">C. +315</a>.</p> + +<p>Dessypele, disciple, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line712">A. +715</a>.</p> + +<p>Destyné, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line756">A. 758</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line48">C. 49</a>.</p> + +<p>Desyre, <a href="poems.html#clean_line544">B. 545</a>.</p> + +<p>Determynable, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line592">A. 594</a>.</p> + +<p>Deuine, <i>sb.</i> divine, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1300">A. +1302</a>; <i>vb.</i> <a href="poems.html#clean_line1560">B. +1561</a>.</p> + +<p>Deuinores, diviner, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1576">B. +1578</a>.</p> + +<p>Deuote, devout, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line404">A. 406</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">140</span> +<a name="page140" id="page140"> </a> + +<p>Deuoutly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line812">B. 814</a>.</p> + +<p>Deuoyde, do away with, destroy, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line12">A. 15</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line908">B. 908</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket three"> +Deuyce,<br> +Deuyse,<br> +Deuice,</td> +<td><p>devise, imagine, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1044">A. +1046</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1100">1100</a>; describe, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line96">A. 99</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line984">984</a>; order, <a href="poems.html#clean_line108">B. 110</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line236">238</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Deuyse, <i>sb.</i> device, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line136">A. +139</a>.</p> + +<p>Deuysement, description, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1016">A. +1019</a>.</p> + +<p>Devoydynge, putting away, <i>sb.</i> <a href="poems.html#clean_line544">B. 544</a>.</p> + +<p>Dewoutly, devoutly, <a href="poems.html#patience_line332">C. +333</a>.</p> + +<p>Dewoyde = devoyde, <a href="poems.html#patience_line284">C. +284</a>.</p> + +<p>Dewyne = dwine, pine, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line8">A. +11</a>.</p> + +<p>Deystyné, destiny, <a href="poems.html#clean_line400">B. +400</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket three"> +Deȝter,<br> +Deȝteres,<br> +Deȝtters,</td> +<td><p>daughters, <a href="poems.html#clean_line268">B. 270</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line864">866</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line896">899</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line932">933</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line936">939</a>. See T. B. 1489.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Dialoke, discourse, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1156">B. +1157</a>.</p> + +<p>Dispayred, in despair, <a href="poems.html#patience_line168">C. +169</a>.</p> + +<p>Display, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1104">B. 1107</a>.</p> + +<p>Displese, <a href="poems.html#patience">A. 1</a>.</p> + +<p>Dispit, spite, <a href="poems.html#patience_line48">C. 50</a>.</p> + +<p>Dispoyled, stripped, <a href="poems.html#patience_line92">C. +95</a>.</p> + +<p>Disserued, <a href="poems.html#clean_line612">B. 613</a>.</p> + +<p>Disstrye, destroy, <a href="poems.html#clean_line904">B. 907</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1160">1160</a>.</p> + +<p>Disserne, discern, <a href="poems.html#patience_line512">C. +513</a>.</p> + +<p>Dissert, desert, <a href="poems.html#patience_line12">C. +12</a>.</p> + +<p>Distres, <a href="poems.html#clean_line880">B. 880</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1160">1160</a>.</p> + +<p>Diuinité, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1608">B. 1609</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_dittegh" id="gloss_dittegh">Ditteȝ</a>, stops up, +closes, <a href="poems.html#clean_line588">B. 588</a>. N.Prov.E. +<i>ditt</i>, to stop up. A.S. <i>dyttan</i>.</p> + +<p>Diȝe, die, <a href="poems.html#patience_line488">C. 488</a>.</p> + +<p>Diȝte, order, arrange, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1264">B. +1266</a>. A.S. <i>dihtan</i>, to set in order, dispose, arrange, direct, +etc.</p> + +<p>Do, doe, “<i>daunce as any do</i>,” <a href="poems.html#pearl_line344">A. 345</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_dobler" id="gloss_dobler">Dobler</a>, dish, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1144">B. 1146</a>. O.Fr. +<i>doublier</i>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">140b</span> +<a name="page140b" id="page140b"> </a> + +<p>Doc, duke, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line208">A. 211</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +<a name="gloss_doel" id="gloss_doel">Doel</a>,<br> +Dol,</td> +<td><p>sorrow, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line324">A. 326</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line336">339</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line640">642</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line852">B. 852</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Dole, part, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line136">A. 136</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Dom,<br> +Dome,</td> +<td><p>doom, judgment, purpose, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line156">A. +157</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line580">580</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line664">667</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line596">A. 597</a>; command, <a href="poems.html#clean_line632">A. 632</a>; doom, <a href="poems.html#patience_line200">B. 203</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Dongoun, dungeon, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1224">B. +1224</a>.</p> + +<p>Dool, part, <a href="poems.html#clean_line216">B. 216</a>.</p> + +<p>Dool (dole), sorrow. See <a href="#gloss_doel"><i>Doel</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Doole, gift, <a href="poems.html#clean_line696">B. 699</a>.</p> + +<p>Dor, door, <a href="poems.html#clean_line320">B. 320</a>.</p> + +<p>Dotage, folly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1424">B. 1425</a>.</p> + +<p>Dote, act foolishly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line284">A. 286</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1500">1500</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line124">C. 125</a>; be astonished, frightened, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line852">B. 852</a>. Sc. <i>doit</i>. +Icel. <i>dotta</i>, to slumber. Du. <i>doten</i>, <i>dutten</i>, +delirare, desipere. (Kilian.) “Maddyn, or <i>dotyn</i>, desipio.” +(Prompt. Parv.)</p> + +<p>Doted, foolish, wicked, <a href="poems.html#patience_line196">C. +196</a>. N.Prov.E. <i>doited</i>, stupid.</p> + +<p>Dotel, a fool, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1516">B. 1517</a>.</p> + +<p>Doun, down, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line228">A. 230</a>.</p> + +<p>Doun, down, hill, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line120">A. +121</a>.</p> + +<p>Doungoun, dungeon, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1184">A. +1187</a>.</p> + +<p>Doured, grieved, mourned, <a href="poems.html#patience_line372">C. +372</a>. Sc. <i>dour</i>.</p> + +<p>Dousour, sweetness, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line428">A. +429</a>.</p> + +<p>Doute, doubt, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line928">A. 928</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +<a name="gloss_douth" id="gloss_douth">Douth</a>,<br> +Douþe,</td> +<td><p>brave, noble, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line836">A. 839</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line268">B. 270</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line596">597</a>, A.S. <i>duguth</i>, the nobility, +senate, etc. <i>Dugeth</i>, good, virtuous. <i>Dugan</i>, to profit, +avail, be good, etc.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Doune,<br> +Dovene,</td> +<td><p>a female dove, <a href="poems.html#clean_line468">B. 469</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line480">481</a>. Cf. O.E. <i>wulvene</i>, +a female wolf, and E. <i>vixen</i>, a female fox.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Dowe, avail, profit, <a href="poems.html#clean_line372">B. 374</a>; +C. +<span class="pagenum">141</span> +<a name="page141" id="page141"> </a> +50. See T. B. 5001. See <a href="#gloss_douth"><i>Douth</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Dowelle, dwell, <a href="poems.html#clean_line376">A. 376</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1768">1770</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line68">B. 69</a>.</p> + +<p>Downe, dove, <a href="poems.html#clean_line484">B. 485</a>.</p> + +<p>Downeȝ, downs, hills, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line72">A. 73</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line84">85</a>.</p> + +<p>Dowyne, dwine, pine, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line324">A. +326</a>.</p> + +<p>Dowrie, <a href="poems.html#clean_line184">B. 185</a>.</p> + +<p>Doȝter, daughter, <a href="poems.html#clean_line812">B. +814</a>.</p> + +<p>Doȝty, doughty, valiant, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1180">B. +1182</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1788">1791</a>. See <a href="#gloss_douth"><i>Douthe</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Doȝtyest, bravest, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1304">B. +1306</a>.</p> + +<p>Draȝ, draw, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line696">A. 699</a>.</p> + +<p>Draȝt = draught, character, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1556">B. +1557</a>.</p> + +<p>Drede, doubt, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1044">A. 1047</a>.</p> + +<p>Drepe, to kill, slay, <a href="poems.html#clean_line244">A. +246</a>; destroy, <a href="poems.html#clean_line596">B. 599</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1304">1306</a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“This stone with his stremys stroyed all the venym,</p> +<p>And <i>drepit</i> the dragon to the dethe negh.”</p> +<p class="author"> +(T. B. 929.)</p> +</div> +<p class="continue"> +A.S. <i>drepan</i>. O.N. <i>drepa</i>.</p> + +<p>Dresse, order, direct, prepare, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line492">A. 495</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line860">860</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line92">B. 92</a>; <i>pret.</i> <i>dressed</i>, +<i>drest</i>.</p> + +<p>Dreue, drive, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line320">A. 323</a>.</p> + +<p>Dreued, drove, went, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line980">A. +980</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_dreghe" id="gloss_dreghe">Dreȝe</a> = dreghe, +suffer, endure, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1224">B. 1224</a>. Sc. +<i>dree</i>. A.S. <i>dreógan</i>, to bear, suffer, endure. Cf. “dyntes +full <i>dregh</i>.” T. B. 935.</p> + +<p>Dreȝly, sorrowfully, <a href="poems.html#clean_line476">B. 476</a>. +See T. B. 2379.</p> + +<p>Drof, drove, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line28">A. 30</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1152">1153</a>.</p> + +<p>Drouy, turbid, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1016">B. 1016</a>. +A.S. <i>dréfe</i>, muddy, foul; <i>dréfan</i>, to trouble, make turbid. +O.E. <i>drove</i>, to trouble. Goth. <i>drobjan</i>, to trouble. Du. +<i>droeven</i>. “<i>Drovy</i> +<span class="pagenum">141b</span> +<a name="page141b" id="page141b"> </a> +turbidus, turbulentus.” (Cath. Ang.)</p> +<p class="quotation"> +“He (the fool-large) is like to an hors that seketh rather to drynke +<i>drovy</i> watir and trouble, than for to drinke water of the welle +that is cleer.” (The Persones Tale: <i>Remedium contra +avariciam</i>.)</p> + +<p>Drowned, was drowned, <a href="poems.html#clean_line372">B. +372</a>.</p> + +<p>Droȝ, drew, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1116">A. 1116</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line68">A. 71</a>; <i>pl.</i> <i>droȝen</i>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1392">B. 1394</a>.</p> + +<p>Droȝthe = drouthe, drought. A.S. <i>druguth</i>. Du. <i>drooghte</i>. +Sc. <i>drouth</i>, from A.S. <i>dryg</i>. Du. <i>droogh</i>, dry.</p> + +<p>Druye, dry, <a href="poems.html#clean_line412">A. 412</a>; dry +land, <a href="poems.html#clean_line472">B. 472</a>.</p> + +<p>Drwry, dreary (?), <a href="poems.html#pearl_line320">A. +323</a>.</p> + +<p>Drwry = drury, love, <a href="poems.html#clean_line696">B. 699</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1064">1065</a>. O.Fr. <i>druerie</i>, +<i>drurie</i>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Dryȝ,<br> +Dryȝe,</td> +<td><p>dry, <a href="poems.html#clean_line384">B. 385</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Dryȝ,<br> +Dryȝe,</td> +<td><p>heavy, sorrowful, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line820">A. +823</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line340">B. 342</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Dryȝe, suffer, <a href="poems.html#clean_line372">B. 372</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line400">400</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1032">1032</a>. See <a href="#gloss_dreghe"><i>Dreȝe</i></a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Dryȝly,<br> +Dryȝlych,</td> +<td><p>strongly, rapidly, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line124">A. +125</a>; wrathfully, angrily, <a href="poems.html#clean_line72">A. 74</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line344">344</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line232">B. 235</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Dryȝtyn, Lord, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line348">A. 349</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1064">B. 1065</a>. A.S. <i>drihten</i>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Dubbed,<br> +Dubbet,</td> +<td><p>decked, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line72">A. 73</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line96">97</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line200">202</a>; adorned, <a href="poems.html#clean_line112">B. 115</a>. See T. B. 1683.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Dubbement, adornment, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line120">A. +121</a>.</p> + +<p>Dublere, a dish, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1276">B. 1279</a>. +See <a href="#gloss_dobler"><i>Dobler</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Due, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line892">A. 894</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line48">C. 49</a>.</p> + +<p>Duk, duke, <a href="poems.html#clean_line36">A. 38</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1180">1182</a>; leader, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1768">B. 1771</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">142</span> +<a name="page142" id="page142"> </a> + +<p>Dumpe, be dashed, fall, <a href="poems.html#patience_line360">C. +362</a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“<i>Dumpe</i> in þe depe.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 1996.)</p> +<p>“Þan sal þe rainbow descend,</p> +<p>In hu o galle it sal be kend;</p> +<p>Wit þe wind sal it melle,</p> +<p>And drive þam dun alle until helle;</p> +<p>And <i>dump</i> the devels þider in,</p> +<p>In þair bale alle for to brin.”</p> +<p class="author">(<i>Signa Ante Judicium</i>, in Cott. MS. Vesp. A. +iii.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Dungen, <i>3d pers. pl. pret.</i> of <i>ding</i>, to beat, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1264">B. 1266</a>. Sw. <i>dänga</i>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“So <i>dang</i> he þat dog with dynt of his wappon.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 302.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Dunne, dun, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line28">A. 30</a>. See +T. B. 925.</p> + +<p>Dunt, blow. See <a href="#gloss_dynt"><i>Dynt</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Durande, lasting, during, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line336">A. +336</a>.</p> + +<p>Dure, last, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1020">A. 1021</a>; +<a href="poems.html#patience_line488">B. 488</a>.</p> + +<p>Dusched, struck, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1536">B. 1538</a>. +Sc. <i>dusche</i>, to smite; <i>dusch</i>, a blow.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“All <i>dusshet</i> into the diche.”</p> +<p class="author"> +(T. B. 4776.)</p> +</div> +<p class="continue"> +Dan. <i>daske</i>, to slap. Icel. <i>dust</i> a blow.</p> + +<p>Dutande, shutting, closing (from <i>dutte</i>, to shut), <a href="poems.html#clean_line320">B. 320</a>. See <a href="#gloss_dittegh"><i>Ditteȝ</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Dutte, fasten, close, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1180">B. +1182</a>. Prov.E. <i>dyt</i>, stop up. O.N. <i>ditta</i>.</p> + +<p>Dych, ditch, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line604">A. 607</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1792">B. 1792</a>.</p> + +<p>Dyd, caused, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line304">A. 306</a>.</p> + +<p>Dylle = dull, slow, sluggish, foolish, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line680">A. 680</a>. N.Prov.E. <i>dull</i>, hard of +hearing. O.N. <i>dilla</i>, lallare.</p> + +<p>Dym, black, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1016">B. 1016</a>.</p> + +<p>Dymly, secretly, <a href="poems.html#patience_line372">C. +375</a>.</p> + +<p>Dymme, dark, <a href="poems.html#clean_line472">B. 472</a>.</p> + +<p>Dyn, noise, <a href="poems.html#clean_line860">B. 862</a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“All <i>dynnet</i> the <i>dyn</i> the dales aboute.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 1197.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Dyngne, worthy, <a href="poems.html#patience_line116">C. +119</a>.</p> + +<p>Dyngneté, dignity, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1800">B. +1801</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">142b</span> +<a name="page142b" id="page142b"> </a> + +<p><a name="gloss_dynt" id="gloss_dynt">Dynt</a>, blow, <a href="poems.html#patience_line124">C. 125</a>.</p> + +<p>Dyscreuen, describe, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line68">A. +68</a>.</p> + +<p>Dyscouere, reveal, make known, <a href="poems.html#clean_line680">B. 683</a>.</p> + +<p>Dysheriete, disinherit, <a href="poems.html#clean_line184">B. +185</a>.</p> + +<p>Dysplese, to be displeased, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line420">A. +422</a>; to displease, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line452">A. 455</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1136">B. 1136</a>.</p> + +<p>Dyspyt, spite, <a href="poems.html#clean_line820">B. 821</a>.</p> + +<p>Dyssente, descend, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line624">A. +627</a>.</p> + +<p>Dysstrye, destroy, <a href="poems.html#clean_line520">B. +520</a>.</p> + +<p>Dystresse, distress, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line280">A. 280</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line336">337</a>.</p> + +<p>Dystryed, destroyed, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line124">A. +124</a>.</p> + +<p>Dyt, doeth, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line680">A. 681</a>.</p> + +<p>Dyȝe, die, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line304">A. 306</a>.</p> + +<p>Dyȝt, decked, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line200">A. 202</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line984">987</a>; ordered, prepared, <a href="poems.html#clean_line240">A. 243</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line632">632</a>; ordained, <a href="poems.html#patience_line48">A. 49</a>; placed, seated, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line920">C. 920</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1792">B. 1794</a>.</p> + +<p>Dyȝtteȝ, causest, <a href="poems.html#patience_line488">C. +488</a>.</p> + + +<p class="letterhead"> +<a name="gloss_E" id="gloss_E" href="#glossary">E</a></p> + +<p>Efte, again, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line328">A. 328</a>; +afterwards, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line332">A. 332</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line560">B. 562</a>.</p> + +<p>Egge = <i>edge</i>, hill, <a href="poems.html#clean_line448">B. +451</a>.</p> + +<p>Egge, edge (of a knife), <a href="poems.html#clean_line1104">A. +1104</a>; of a hill, <a href="poems.html#clean_line380">B. 383</a>. +A.S. <i>ecge</i>. O.N. <i>egg</i>, edge. Du. <i>egghe</i>, an angle, +corner, angle. Ger. <i>ecke</i>, a corner.</p> + +<p>Eggyng, instigation, <a href="poems.html#clean_line240">B. 241</a>. +Prov.E. “egg on.” O.N. <i>egg</i>, an edge; <i>eggia</i>, to sharpen, +and hence instigate.</p> + +<p>Elde, age, <a href="poems.html#clean_line656">A. 657</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line124">B. 125</a>. A.S. <i>eld</i>, <i>yld</i>, +age.</p> + +<p>Elleȝ, else, otherwise, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line32">A. +32</a>; 724; so that, <a href="poems.html#clean_line464">B. +466</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Emerad,<br> +Emerade,</td> +<td><p>emerald, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line116">A. 118</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1004">1005</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Emperise, empress, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line440">A. +441</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Empire,<br> +Empyre,</td> +<td><p><a href="poems.html#pearl_line452">A. 454</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line540">B. 540</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1332">1332</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<span class="pagenum">143</span> +<a name="page143" id="page143"> </a> +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Enaumayld,<br> +Enaumaylde,</td> +<td><p>enamelled, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1408">B. 1411</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1456">1457</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Enbaned, supported (?), <a href="poems.html#clean_line1456">B. +1459</a>. Sir F. Madden renders it <i>ornamented</i>.</p> + +<p>Enclose, <a href="poems.html#clean_line332">B. 334</a>.</p> + +<p>Enclynande, inclining, bowing, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line236">A. 236</a>.</p> + +<p>Enclyned, prone, <a href="poems.html#clean_line516">B. 518</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Enclyin,<br> +Enclyne,</td> +<td><p>incline, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line628">A. 630</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1204">1206</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Encres, increase, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line956">A. +959</a>.</p> + +<p>Encroche, approach, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1116">A. +1117</a>; receive, <a href="poems.html#patience_line16">C. 18</a>.</p> + +<p>Ende, die, <a href="poems.html#clean_line400">A. 402</a>; <i>on +ende</i>, to death, <a href="poems.html#patience_line424">B. 426</a>. +Cf. <i>ender-day</i>, and <i>ending</i> day = the day of one’s +death.</p> + +<p>Endeleȝ, endless, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line736">A. +738</a>.</p> + +<p>Endente, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line636">A. 639</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1012">1012</a>.</p> + +<p>Endentur, crevices, holes, <a href="poems.html#clean_line312">B. +313</a>. O.Fr. <i>endenter</i>, to notch, jag.</p> + +<p>Endorde, adored, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line368">A. 368</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Endure,<br> +<ins class="correction" title="text reads ‘Eudeure’ (body text and 1864 Endeure)">Endeure</ins>,</td> +<td><p><a href="poems.html#pearl_line476">A. 476</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1080">1082</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Endyte, indite, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1124">A. +1126</a>.</p> + +<p>Ene, once; <i>at ene</i>, at once, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line288">A. 291</a>; <i>at ene</i>, at one, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line952">A. 953</a>. A.S. <i>æne</i>, once.</p> + +<p>Enfaminied, famished, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1192">B. +1194</a>.</p> + +<p>Enforsed, forced, <a href="poems.html#clean_line936">B. +938</a>.</p> + +<p>Engendered, begat, <a href="poems.html#clean_line272">B. +272</a>.</p> + +<p>Enherite, inherit, <a href="poems.html#clean_line240">B. +240</a>.</p> + +<p>Enle = enely (? <i>onlepi</i>), alone, singly, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line848">A. 849</a>.</p> + +<p>Enleuenþe, eleventh, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1012">A. +1014</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Enmie,<br> +Enmye,</td> +<td><p>enemy, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1204">B. +1204</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Enourled, encircled, surrounded, <a href="poems.html#clean_line16">B. 18</a>. Fr. <i>ourler</i>, to hem. +<i>Orle</i> +<span class="pagenum">143b</span> +<a name="page143b" id="page143b"> </a> +in Heraldry = border. Ital. Orlo = hem, edge. Spanish and Portug. Orla = +selvedge, border.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Enprece,<br> +Enpresse,</td> +<td><p>press, <a href="poems.html#patience_line40">C. 43</a>, <a href="poems.html#patience_line528">528</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Enpresse, impress, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1096">A. +1097</a>.</p> + +<p>Enpoysened, poisoned, <a href="poems.html#clean_line240">B. +242</a>.</p> + +<p>Enprysonment, imprisonment, <a href="poems.html#clean_line44">B. +46</a>.</p> + +<p>Enquylen, obtain, <a href="poems.html#patience_line36">C. 39</a>. +See <a href="#gloss_aquyle"><i>Aquyle</i></a><ins class="correction" +title="text has ..">. </ins></p> + +<p>Ensens, incense, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1120">A. +1122</a>.</p> + +<p>Entent, intent, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1188">A. +1191</a>.</p> + +<p>Entre, enter, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line36">A. 38</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1064">1067</a>.</p> + +<p>Entré, entrance, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1776">B. +1779</a>.</p> + +<p>Entyse, to provoke, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1136">B. +1137</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1808">1808</a>.</p> + +<p>Enurned, adorned, decked, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1024">A. +1027</a>.</p> + +<p>Er, ere, before, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line324">A. 324</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line328">328</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line648">B. 648</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Erber,<br> +Erbere,</td> +<td><p>arbour, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line8">A. 9</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line36">38</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1168">1171</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Erbes, herbs, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1684">B. 1684</a>.</p> + +<p>Erde, land, abode, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line248">A. 248</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line596">B. 596</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line600">601</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1004">1006</a>. A.S. <i>eard</i>, native soil, +country, region; <i>eardian</i>, to dwell, inhabit.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Eson afterward <i>erdand</i> on lyffe,</p> +<p>Endured his dayes drowpyaite (? <i>drowpande</i>) on age.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 121.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Erigant, arrogance, <a href="poems.html#clean_line148">B. +148</a>.</p> + +<p>Erly, early, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line392">A. 392</a>.</p> + +<p>Ernde, errand, message, <a href="poems.html#patience_line52">C. +52</a>. See <a href="#gloss_arende"><i>Arende</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Erne, eagle, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1696">B. 1698</a>. A.S. +<i>earn</i>, eagle.</p> + +<p>Ernestly, quickly, rapidly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line276">B. +277</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1240">1240</a>. A.S. +<i>eornostlíce</i>.</p> + +<p>Errour, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line420">A. 422</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">144</span> +<a name="page144" id="page144"> </a> + +<p>Erytage, heritage, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line440">A. +443</a>.</p> + +<p>Eþe, easy, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1200">A. 1202</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line608">B. 608</a>. A.S. <i>eáth</i>.</p> + +<p>Euen (wyth), <i>vb.</i> to be equal to, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1072">A. 1073</a>.</p> + +<p>Euen-songe, vespers, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line528">A. +529</a>.</p> + +<p>Euentyde, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line580">A. 582</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line476">B. 479</a>.</p> + +<p>Euer-ferne, ever-fern, <a href="poems.html#patience_line436">C. +438</a>. A.S. <i>eforfearn</i>, polypodium vulgare. See Gloss. to Saxon +Leechdoms, ii. 381.</p> + +<p>Ewere, ewer, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1456">B. 1457</a>.</p> + +<p>Excuse, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line280">A. 281</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket three"> +Expoun,<br> +Expoune,<br> +Expowne,</td> +<td><p>expound, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line36">A. 37</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1056">B. 1058</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1728">1729</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Expounyng, <i>sb.</i> expounding, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1564">B. 1565</a>.</p> + +<p>Expresse, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line908">A. 910</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1156">B. 1158</a>.</p> + + +<p class="letterhead"> +<a name="gloss_F" id="gloss_F" href="#glossary">F</a></p> + +<p>Fable, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line592">A. 592</a>.</p> + +<p>Face, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1536">B. 1539</a>.</p> + +<p>Fader, father, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line872">A. 872</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Falce,<br> +False,</td> +<td><p><a href="poems.html#clean_line204">B. 205</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line472">474</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Falewed, became pale, faded, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1536">B. +1539</a>. Ger. <i>falb</i>, pale, faded. A.S. <i>fealo</i>, pale, +reddish or yellowish; <i>fealwian</i>, to grow yellow.</p> + +<p>Fale, good, <a href="poems.html#patience_line92">C. 92</a>. A.S. +<i>fæl</i>, clean, good, true.</p> + +<p>Falleȝ, falls, happens, <a href="poems.html#clean_line492">B. +494</a>.</p> + +<p>Falure, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1084">A. 1084</a>.</p> + +<p>Famacion, defamation, <a href="poems.html#clean_line188">B. +188</a>.</p> + +<p>Famed, celebrated, <a href="poems.html#clean_line272">B. +275</a>.</p> + +<p>Fande, found, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line868">A. 871</a>.</p> + +<p>Fanneȝ, fans, flaps, <a href="poems.html#clean_line456">B. +457</a>.</p> + +<p>Fantumme, phantom, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1340">B. +1341</a>.</p> + +<p>Farande, pleasing, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line864">A. 865</a>; +handsome, <a href="poems.html#clean_line604">A. 607</a>; joyous, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1756">B. 1758</a>. +<span class="pagenum">144b</span> +<a name="page144b" id="page144b"> </a> +N.Prov.E. <i>farant</i>, decent, pleasant, nice. Gael, <i>farranta</i>, +stout, brave.</p> + +<p>Farandely, pleasantly, <a href="poems.html#patience_line432">C. +435</a>. N.Prov.E. <i>farantly</i>.</p> + +<p>Fare, <i>vb.</i> go, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line128">A. 129</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line144">147</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line100">A. 100</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line620">621</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line928">929</a>; fare, <a href="poems.html#clean_line464">B. 466</a>. A.S. <i>faran</i>. O.N. +<i>fara</i>.</p> + +<p>Fare, <i>sb.</i> voyage, course, <a href="poems.html#patience_line96">C. 98</a>. A.S. <i>faru</i>, +<i>fær</i>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Þe caf he cast o corn sum quile,</p> +<p>In þe flum þat hatt þe Nile;</p> +<p>For-qui þat flum þat rennes þar,</p> +<p>Til Joseph hus it has þe <i>fare</i>.”</p> +<p class="author">(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 27<i>b</i>.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Fare, conduct, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line832">A. 832</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line860">B. 861</a>.</p> + +<p>Faren, gone, passed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line400">B. +403</a>.</p> + +<p>Fasor, form, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line428">A. 431</a>. See +T. B. 3956.</p> + +<p>Fasoun, fashion, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line980">A. 983</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line1100">1101</a>.</p> + +<p>Fat, <a href="poems.html#clean_line624">B. 627</a>.</p> + +<p>Fateȝ, fades, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1036">A. 1038</a>.</p> + +<p>Fathme, (<i>a</i>) embrace, <a href="poems.html#clean_line396">A. +399</a>; (<i>b</i>) grope, <a href="poems.html#patience_line272">B. +273</a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>(<i>a</i>) “Als I sat upon that lawe,</p> +<p>I bigan Denemark for to awe,</p> +<p>The borwes, and the castles stronge,</p> +<p>And mine armes weren so longe,</p> +<p>That I <i>fadmede</i>, al at ones,</p> +<p>Denemark with mine longe bones.”</p> +<p class="author">(Havelok the Dane, l. 1291.)</p> +</div> + +<p class="continue">O.N. <i>fadma</i>. Dan. <i>fadme</i>. A.S. +<i>fæthmian</i>, to embrace.</p> + +<p>Fatte, vessel, <a href="poems.html#clean_line800">B. 802</a>. A.S. +<i>fæt</i>.</p> + +<p>Fatted, fattened, <a href="poems.html#clean_line56">B. 56</a>.</p> + +<p>Faunt, child, maiden, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line160">A. +161</a>.</p> + +<p>Faure, four, <a href="poems.html#clean_line956">B. 958</a>.</p> + +<p>Faurty, forty, <a href="poems.html#clean_line740">B. 741</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line740">743</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Faut,<br> +Faute,</td> +<td><p>fault, <a href="poems.html#clean_line176">B. 177</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line236">236</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line568">571</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Fautleȝ, faultless, <a href="poems.html#clean_line792">B. +794</a>.</p> + +<p>Fauty, faulty, sinful, <a href="poems.html#clean_line740">B. +741</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">145</span> +<a name="page145" id="page145"> </a> +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Fauor,<br> +Fauour,</td> +<td><p><a href="poems.html#pearl_line428">A. 428</a>; “gret fauor,” +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line968">A. 968</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Fawre, four, <a href="poems.html#clean_line936">B. 938</a>.</p> + +<p>Fawte, fault, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1736">B. 1736</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Fax,<br> +Faxe,</td> +<td><p>hair, <a href="poems.html#clean_line788">B. 790</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1688">1689</a>. A.S. <i>feax</i>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Fay, <i>in faye</i>, in faith, indeed, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line260">A. 263</a>; <i>par ma fay</i>, by my faith, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line488">A. 489</a>.</p> + +<p>Faylande, failing, lacking, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1532">B. +1535</a>.</p> + +<p>Fayle, be wanting, <a href="poems.html#clean_line736">A. 737</a>. +Set (of the sun), <a href="poems.html#clean_line1756">B. 1758</a>.</p> + +<p>Fayly, fail, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line32">A. 34</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line548">B. 548</a>.</p> + +<p>Fayn, glad, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line392">A. 393</a>; <i>fayn +of</i>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line640">A. 642</a>; <i>faynest</i>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1216">B. 1219</a>.</p> + +<p>Fayned, false, <a href="poems.html#clean_line188">B. 188</a>.</p> + +<p>Fayth, “in <i>fayth</i>” indeed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1732">A. 1732</a>; gen. sing, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1732">B. 1735</a>.</p> + +<p>Faȝte, fought, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line52">A. 54</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Febele,<br> +Feble,</td> +<td><p>poor, bad, <a href="poems.html#clean_line44">B. 47</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line100">101</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line144">145</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Fech,<br> +Feche,</td> +<td><p>fetch, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line844">A. 847</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1156">1158</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line620">B. 621</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Fede, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line28">A. 29</a>.</p> + +<p>Fees, cities, <a href="poems.html#clean_line960">B. 960</a>. Fr. +<i>fief</i>. Prov. Fr. <i>feu</i>, <i>fieu</i>. M.Lat. <i>feudum</i>. +Eng. <i>fee</i>. The origin of this term is to be found in Goth. +<i>faihu</i>, possessions. O.H.G. <i>fihu</i>, <i>fehu</i>, cattle. O.N. +<i>fe</i>. A.S. <i>feoh</i>, cattle, money.</p> + +<p>Fel, bitterly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1040">B. 1040</a>. +A.S. <i>fell</i>, cruel, severe.</p> + +<p>Felaȝschyp, fellowship, <a href="poems.html#clean_line268">B. +271</a>.</p> + +<p>Felde, field, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1748">B. 1750</a>.</p> + +<p>Fele, (?) hide, <a href="poems.html#clean_line912">B. 914</a>.</p> + +<p>Fele, many, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line20">A. 21</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line924">927</a>. A.S. <i>féla</i>.</p> + +<p>Fele (feel), taste, <a href="poems.html#clean_line104">B. +107</a>.</p> + +<p>Fele-kyn, many kinds of, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1480">B. +1483</a>.</p> + +<p>Felle, cruel, severe; <i>felle chere</i>, stern countenance, <a href="poems.html#clean_line136">B. 139</a>; +<span class="pagenum">145b</span> +<a name="page145b" id="page145b"> </a> +sharp, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line364">A. 367</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line156">A. 156</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1736">1737</a>; boisterous, rough, <a href="poems.html#clean_line420">A. 421</a>; bitter, <a href="poems.html#clean_line952">B. 954</a>.</p> + +<p>Felly, fiercely, bitterly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line556">B. +559</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line568">571</a>.</p> + +<p>Felonye, crime, sin, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line800">A. 800</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line204">B. 205</a>.</p> + +<p>Feloun, sinner, criminal, <a href="poems.html#clean_line216">B. +217</a>.</p> + +<p>Felt, hair, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1688">B. 1689</a>. A.S. +<i>felt</i>. Du. <i>velt</i>, felt, cloth. Cf. W. <i>gwallt</i>, Gael. +<i>falt</i>, hair of the head.</p> + +<p>Femmale, female, <a href="poems.html#clean_line696">B. 696</a>.</p> + +<p>Fende, fiend, devil, <a href="poems.html#clean_line204">B. 205</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1340">1341</a>.</p> + +<p>Fende, fend, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1188">B. 1191</a>. Fr. +<i>defendre</i>.</p> + +<p>Fenden, of fiends, <a href="poems.html#clean_line224">B. +224</a>.</p> + +<p>Feng, took (<i>pret.</i> of fonge), <a href="poems.html#clean_line376">B. 377</a>.</p> + +<p>Fenny, dirty, vile, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1112">B. +1113</a>. Cf. S.Prov.E. <i>venny</i>, mouldy. A.S. <i>fenn</i>, mud, +dirt. Goth. <i>fani</i>.</p> + +<p>Fenyx, phenix, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line428">A. 430</a>.</p> + +<p>Fer, far, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line332">A. 334</a>.</p> + +<p>Ferd, Ferde, frightened, <a href="poems.html#clean_line896">B. +897</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line972">975</a>.</p> + +<p>Ferde, fear, <a href="poems.html#clean_line384">A. 386</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line212">B. 215</a>. A.S. <i>forhtian</i>, to +fear; <i>forht</i>, fear.</p> + +<p>Ferde, went, <i>pret.</i> of <i>fare</i>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1104">B. 1106</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_fere" id="gloss_fere">Fere</a>, a companion; <i>in +fere</i>, in company, together, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line88">A. +89</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line884">884</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line984">B. 985</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1060">1062</a>. A.S. <i>fera</i>, <i>gefera</i>, +a companion.</p> + +<p>Fereȝ, carries, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line96">A. 98</a>. A.S. +<i>férian</i>.</p> + +<p>Fereȝ, companions, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1148">A. 1150</a>. +See <a href="#gloss_fere"><i>fere</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Ferke up, get up, <a href="poems.html#clean_line896">A. 897</a>; +ferke over, go, walk over, <a href="poems.html#clean_line132">B. +133</a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“The freike upon faire</p> +<p>wise <i>ferke</i> out of lyne.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 145.)</p> + +<span class="pagenum">146</span> +<a name="page146" id="page146"> </a> + +<p>“He salle <i>ferkke</i> before</p> +<p class="indent">And I salle come aftyre.”</p> +<p class="author">(Morte Arthure, p. 347.)</p> +<p>“Now <i>ferkes</i> to the fyrthe,</p> +<p class="indent">thees fresche mene of armes.”</p> +<p class="author">(<i>Ibid.</i> p. 209.)</p> +<p>“The kyng <i>ferkes</i> furthe</p> +<p class="indent">on a faire stede.”</p> +<p class="author">(<i>Ibid.</i> p. 202.)</p> +</div> + +<p>In T. B. 185, it is used transitively. The verb <i>to ferk</i> seems +to be related to the Eng. <i>firk</i>, a quick movement, +jerk, etc. A.S. <i>frician</i>, to dance.</p> + +<p>Ferly, <i>adj.</i> wondrous, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1084">A. +1084</a>; <i>adv.</i> wonderfully, <a href="poems.html#clean_line268">A. 269</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line960">960</a>; <i>sb.</i> wonder, +astonishment, A. 1086; marvel, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1528">B. 1529</a>. A.S. <i>fær</i>, +<i>færlice</i>, sudden.</p> + +<p>Ferlyly, exceedingly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line960">B. +962</a>.</p> + +<p>Ferre, farther, <i>comp.</i> of <i>fer</i>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line96">B. 97</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line96">98</a>.</p> + +<p>Fers, fierce, <a href="poems.html#clean_line100">B. 101</a>.</p> + +<p>Ferslych, fiercely, <a href="poems.html#patience_line336">C. +337</a>.</p> + +<p>Feryed, ferried, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line944">A. 946</a>. +O.N. <i>feria</i> (from <i>fara</i>, to go), to transport; set +over.</p> + +<p>Fest, fast, <a href="poems.html#patience_line288">C. 290</a>.</p> + +<p>Fest, Feste, feast, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line280">A. 283</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line640">B. 642</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1756">1758</a><ins class="correction" title="text has ..">. </ins></p> + +<p>Festen, fasten, establish, <a href="poems.html#clean_line156">A. +156</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line324">327</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1252">1255</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line272">B. 273</a>.</p> + +<p>Fester, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1040">B. 1040</a>.</p> + +<p>Festiual, festive, <a href="poems.html#clean_line136">B. +136</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_fete" id="gloss_fete">Fete</a>, <i>in fete</i>, +indeed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1104">B. 1106</a>. O.Fr. +<i>faict</i>. Fr. <i>fait</i>, a deed, feat.</p> + +<p>Feþer-beddes, <a href="poems.html#patience_line156">C. 158</a>.</p> + +<p>Fetly = featly, aptly, fitly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line584">B. +585</a>. See <a href="#gloss_fete"><i>fete</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Fette, fetch, <a href="poems.html#clean_line800">B. 802</a>.</p> + +<p>Fettle, set in order, provide, make, +<span class="pagenum">146b</span> +<a name="page146b" id="page146b"> </a> +B. 343, 585; <a href="poems.html#patience_line36">C. 38</a>, <a href="poems.html#patience_line432">435</a>. Prov.E. <i>fettle</i>, set in +order, etc. O.Fris. <i>fitia</i>, to adorn. Goth. <i>fetjan</i>. +Norse, <i>fitla</i>, to labour at a thing in order +to get it right. Pl.D. <i>fisseln</i>, to bustle about.</p> + +<p>Fettre, fetter, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1252">B. +1255</a>.</p> + +<p>Feture, feature, <a href="poems.html#clean_line792">B. 794</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Fetys,<br> +Fetyse,</td> +<td><p>neat, well made, <a href="poems.html#clean_line172">A. 174</a>; +dexterity, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1100">B. 1103</a>. O.Fr. +<i>faictis</i>. Lat. <i>factitius</i>, well made, neat, +handsome.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Fetysely, handsomely, beautifully, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1460">B. 1462</a>.</p> + +<p>Feȝt, fight, <a href="poems.html#clean_line272">B. 275</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1188">1191</a>. A.S. <i>feoht</i>. Ger. +<i>fecht</i>, fight. See T. B. 1751.</p> + +<p>Feȝtande, fighting, struggling, <a href="poems.html#clean_line404">B. 404</a>.</p> + +<p>Filed, defiled. See <a href="#gloss_fyled"><i>Fyled</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Flake, flake; <i>flake of soufre</i>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line952">B. 954</a>. O.N. <i>flak</i>, plank, +slice.</p> + +<p>Flake = fleck, spot, blemish, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line944">A. +947</a>. O.N. <i>fleckr</i>. Ger. <i>fleck</i>, spot, blot, stain.</p> + +<p>Flakerande, flickering, fluttering, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1408">B. 1410</a>. Ger. <i>flackern</i>, +to flare, blaze, flutter.</p> + +<p>Flambe, flame, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line768">A. 769</a>.</p> + +<p>Flaumbande, flaming, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line88">A. 90</a>; +shining, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1468">B. 1468</a>.</p> + +<p>Flaunke, spark, <a href="poems.html#clean_line952">B. 954</a>. +Prov.E. <i>flanker</i>, a flying spark. Pl. D. <i>flunkern</i>, +to flicker, sparkle. Ger. <i>flunke</i>, spark.</p> + +<p>Flauore, flavour, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line84">A. 87</a>.</p> + +<p>Flawen, fled, <a href="poems.html#patience_line212">C. 214</a>.</p> + +<p>Flay, terrify, <a href="poems.html#clean_line960">A. 960</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1720">1723</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line212">B. 215</a>. See T. B. 4593. N.Prov.E. +<i>flay</i>, <i>flee</i>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">147</span> +<a name="page147" id="page147"> </a> + +<p>Flayn, flayed, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line808">A. 809</a>.</p> + +<p>Flaȝt, plot of ground, a flat, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line56">A. +57</a>.</p> + +<p>Fleeȝ, fleece (of golde), <a href="poems.html#clean_line1476">B. +1476</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Flem,<br> +<a name="gloss_fleme" id="gloss_fleme">Fleme</a>,</td> +<td><p>banish, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line332">A. 334</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line28">B. 31</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line596">596</a>. A.S. <i>flyman</i>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Flem, stream, <a href="poems.html#patience_line308">C. 309</a>. Cf. +Prov.E. <i>flume</i>, <i>flem</i>, <i>fleme</i>, a mill-stream. +Norse, <i>flom</i>, <i>flaum</i>, flood, overflow of water; +<i>flauma</i>, to overflow.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Fleschlych,<br> +Fleschly,</td> +<td><p>fleshly, carnal, <a href="poems.html#clean_line264">A. 265</a>; +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line1080">B. 1082</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Flet, <i>pret.</i> of flete, to flow, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1056">A. 1058</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Flete,<br> +Flet,</td> +<td><p>flow, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1024">A. 1025</a>; to +people, <a href="poems.html#clean_line684">B. 685</a>. See T. B. +278, 4715. A.S. <i>fleotan</i>. Sw. <i>flyta</i>, flow, float. O.N. +<i>fliota</i>. Prov.E. <i>fleet</i>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Flette, floated, <i>pret.</i> of <i>flete</i>, to float, <a href="poems.html#clean_line384">B. 387</a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Childer,” he said, “yee list and lete,</p> +<p>I sagh caf on þe water <i>flete</i>.”</p> +<p class="author">(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 27<i>b</i>.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Fleȝe, flew, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line428">A. 431</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Flod,<br> +Flode,</td> +<td><p>flood, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line872">A. 874</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1056">1058</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line368">B. 369</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Flokke, flock, company, <a href="poems.html#clean_line384">B. +386</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1764">1767</a>.</p> + +<p>Flonc = flong = flung, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1164">A. +1165</a>.</p> + +<p>Flor, flower, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line28">A. 29</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line960">962</a>; <i>pl.</i> <i>flores</i>.</p> + +<p>Flor, floor, <a href="poems.html#clean_line132">B. 133</a>.</p> + +<p>Flosed, flossed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1688">B. 1689</a>. +Cf. <i>floss</i>-silk. Ital. <i>floscio flosso</i>, drooping, +flaccid.</p> + +<p>Flot, grease, fat, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1008">B. 1011</a>. +A.S. <i>flótan</i>, to float; <i>flót-smere</i>, scum of a pot, floating +fat. O.N. <i>flót</i>, the act of floating, the +<span class="pagenum">147b</span> +<a name="page147b" id="page147b"> </a> +grease swimming on the surface of broth. Prov.E. <i>fleet</i>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Flot,<br> +Flote,</td> +<td><p>company, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line784">A. 786</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line944">946</a>; army, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1212">B. 1212</a>. O.Fr. <i>flote</i>, +a crowd.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket three"> +Flot,<br> +Flote,<br> +Flotte,</td> +<td><p>flowed, floated, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line44">A. 46</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line420">A. 421</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line432">432</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line248">B. 248</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Floty (? <i>flotery</i>), waving, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line124">A. 127</a>.</p> + +<p>Flour-de-lys, lily, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line752">A. +753</a>.</p> + +<p>Floury, flowery, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line56">A. 57</a>.</p> + +<p>Flowen, flew, fled, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line88">A. 89</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line944">B. 945</a>.</p> + +<p>Flowred, flowered, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line268">A. +270</a>.</p> + +<p>Floȝed, flowed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line396">B. 397</a>.</p> + +<p>Flurted, flowered, figured, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line208">A. +208</a>.</p> + +<p>Flyt, force, literally chiding, <a href="poems.html#clean_line420">B. 421</a>. O.S. <i>flit</i>, contention.</p> + +<p>Flyte, to quarrel, strive, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line352">A. +353</a>. Prov.E. <i>flite</i>, scold. A.S. <i>flitan</i><ins class="correction" title="text has , for .">. </ins></p> + +<p>Flytande, chiding, <a href="poems.html#clean_line948">B. +950</a>.</p> + +<p>Flyȝe, flay (?), <a href="poems.html#pearl_line812">A. 813</a>.</p> + +<p>Flyȝt, flight, <a href="poems.html#clean_line376">B. 377</a>.</p> + +<p>Fo, enemy, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1216">B. 1219</a>.</p> + +<p>Fode, person, people, <a href="poems.html#clean_line464">B. +466</a>; <i>fode</i>, a child (King Horn, 1384); <i>fodder</i>, +producer, mother (King Alys. 645); A.S. <i>fedan</i>, <i>afedan</i>, to +bring forth, give birth to, rear. O.N.<i>fæda</i>. Dan. <i>föde</i>.</p> + +<p>Fogge, dry grass, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1680">B. 1683</a>. +W. <i>fwg</i>.</p> + +<p>Fol, full, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1752">B. 1754</a>.</p> + +<p>Fol, fool, <a href="poems.html#clean_line748">B. 750</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line996">996</a>.</p> + +<p>Fol, foolish, <a href="poems.html#patience_line280">C. 283</a>.</p> + +<p>Folde, folded, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line432">A. 434</a>.</p> + +<p>Folde, earth, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line332">A. 334</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line400">B. 403</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line948">950</a>.</p> + +<p>Folde, to beat, buffet, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line812">A. +813</a>.</p> + +<p>Fole, fowl, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1408">B. 1410</a>.</p> + +<p>Fole, fool, <a href="poems.html#clean_line200">B. 202</a>.</p> + +<p>Fole, foal, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1252">B. 1255</a>.</p> + +<p>Foler, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1408">B. 1410</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">148</span> +<a name="page148" id="page148"> </a> + +<p>Foles, acts foolishly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1420">B. +1422</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Folewande,<br> +Folwande,</td> +<td><p>following, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1040">A. 1040</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line428">B. 429</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1212">1212</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Folk,<br> +Folke,</td> +<td><p>people, <a href="poems.html#clean_line100">B. 100</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line540">542</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line960">960</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Folken, of people, <a href="poems.html#clean_line268">B. +271</a>.</p> + +<p>Folmarde. Properly the beech-martin, but commonly applied to the +pole-cat. O.Fr. <i>foine</i>, <i>faine</i> (Lat. <i>fagina</i>), +beechmast.</p> + +<p>Folyly, foolishly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line696">B. 696</a>. +See T. B. 575.</p> + +<p>Folȝe, follow, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line124">A. 127</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line4">B. 6</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line676">677</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line916">918</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1752">1752</a>. A.S. <i>folgian</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_folghed" id="gloss_folghed">Folȝed</a>, baptized, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line652">A. 654</a>. A.S. <i>fullian</i>, +<i>fulwian</i>, to baptize.</p> + +<p>Foman, enemy, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1172">B. 1175</a>.</p> + +<p>Fon, ceased, <i>pret.</i>, of <i>fyne</i>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1028">A. 1030</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line368">B. 369</a>. The northern form is +<i>fan</i>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Bot ai þe quils he ne <i>fan</i></p> +<p>To behald þe leve maidan.”</p> +<p class="author">(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii, fol. 20<i>a</i>.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Fonde, to found, establish, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line936">A. +939</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line172">B. 173</a>.</p> + +<p>Fonde, to go, proceed, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line148">A. +150</a>.</p> + +<p>Fonde, try, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1100">B. 1103</a>. A.S. +<i>fandian</i>.</p> + +<p>Fonden, found, <a href="poems.html#clean_line356">B. 356</a>.</p> + +<p>Fonge, take, receive, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line436">A. +439</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line476">479</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line540">A. 540</a>; <i>fongeȝ to the flyȝt</i>, takes +to flight, <a href="poems.html#clean_line456">B. 457</a>. A.S. +<i>fon</i>. Ger. <i>fangen</i>, take, seize. Goth. <i>fahan</i>.</p> + +<p>Font, <a href="poems.html#clean_line164">B. 164</a>.</p> + +<p>Fonte = <i>fond</i>, examined, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line168">A. 170</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line324">327</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Fooschyp,<br> +Foschip,</td> +<td><p>enmity, <a href="poems.html#clean_line916">B. 918</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line916">919</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>For, from, <a href="poems.html#clean_line740">A. 740</a>; because, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line320">B. 323</a>.</p> + +<p>Forbede, forbid, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line376">A. 379</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1144">B. 1147</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">148b</span> +<a name="page148b" id="page148b"> </a> + +<p>Forbi, beyond, <a href="poems.html#patience_line480">C. +483</a>.</p> + +<p>Forboden, forbidden, <a href="poems.html#clean_line824">B. 826</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line996">998</a>.</p> + +<p>Forbrent, burnt, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1136">A. +1139</a>.</p> + +<p>For-clemmed, starved, <a href="poems.html#patience_line392">C. +395</a>. Prov.E. <i>clem</i>, to starve, pinch with hunger. Du. +<i>klemmen</i>, to pinch, compress.</p> + +<p>For-didden, did away with, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line124">A. +124</a>.</p> + +<p>For-dolked, severely wounded, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line8">A. +11</a>. A.S. <i>dolc</i>, <i>dolh</i>, <i>dolg</i>, a wound; +<i>dilgian</i>, to destroy.</p> + +<p>Forering, <a href="poems.html#cleanness">A. 3</a>. See <a href="poems.html#clean_note3">Note</a>.</p> + +<p>Forfare, destroy; also to perish, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1168">A. 1168</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line480">C. 483</a>; <i>forferde</i>, +(<i>pret.</i>), <a href="poems.html#clean_line568">B. 571</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1048">1051</a>.</p> + +<p>Forfete, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line616">A. 619</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line636">639</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line740">B. 743</a>.</p> + +<p>Forfyne, lastly.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Forgart,<br> +Forgarte,</td> +<td><p>= for-did, lost, <i>pret.</i> of for-gar, ruin, destroy, lose, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line320">A. 321</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line240">B. 240</a>. See <a class="error" href="#gloss_gare" title="entry spelled ‘Gare’"><i>Gar</i></a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Forged, made, <a href="poems.html#clean_line340">B. 343</a>.</p> + +<p>Forhede, forehead, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line868">A. +871</a>.</p> + +<p>Foriusted, overthrown, defeated, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1216">B. 1216</a>. Fr. <i>jouster</i>, to +tilt.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“So mony groundes he <i>for-justede</i> & of joy broght.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 296.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Forlete, lost, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line324">A. 327</a>.</p> + +<p>For long, very long, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line584">A. +586</a>.</p> + +<p>Forlonge, furlong, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1028">A. +1030</a>.</p> + +<p>Forloteȝ = forleteȝ, forsake, <a href="poems.html#clean_line100">B. +101</a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Þe laghes bath he (Adam) þan <i>forlete</i></p> +<p>Bath naturel and positif.”</p> +<p class="author">(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 52<i>b</i>.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Forloyne, forsake, depart, go astray, err, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line368">A. 368</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line280">B. 282</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line748">750</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1152">1155</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1164">1165</a>. Fr. <i>loin</i>, far.</p> + +<p>For-madde, very mad (foolish), <a href="poems.html#patience_line508">C. 509</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">149</span> +<a name="page149" id="page149"> </a> + +<p>Formast, first, foremost, <a href="poems.html#clean_line492">B. +494</a>.</p> + +<p>Forme, first, <a href="poems.html#patience_line36">C. 38</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Forme-fader,<br> +Forme-foster,</td> +<td><p>first-father, progenitor, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line636">A. +639</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line256">B. 257</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Fornes, furnace, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1008">B. +1011</a>.</p> + +<p>For-payned, severely troubled, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line244">A. 246</a>.</p> + +<p>Forray, forage, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1200">B. 1200</a>. +Fr. <i>fourrager</i>, to fodder, forrage, prey. O.Fr. <i>fourrer</i>. +Mid. Lat. <i>foderare</i>, <i>forrare</i>, from A.S. <i>foder</i>. Ger. +<i>futter</i>, food, victuals.</p> + +<p>Forselet, a fortified place, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1200">B. +1200</a>. “<i>Forcelet</i>, stronge place (<i>forslet</i>, H. P.) +Fortalicium.” (Prompt. Parv.) O.Fr. <i>forcier</i>. It. <i>forciere</i>. +Mid. Lat. <i>forsarius</i>, a strong box, safe, coffer.</p> + +<p>Forser = forcer, forcet, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line260">A. +263</a>. See preceding word.</p> + +<p>Forsette, compass, <a href="poems.html#clean_line76">B. 78</a>.</p> + +<p>Forsothe, forsooth, indeed, <a href="poems.html#patience_line212">C. 212</a>.</p> + +<p>Forst, frost, <a href="poems.html#clean_line524">B. 524</a>. A.S. +<i>forst</i>.</p> + +<p>Forþe, way, passage, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line148">A. 150</a>. +See T. B. 4094, 4166. Welsh, <i>ffordd</i>, a way.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“The kyng fraystez [seeks] a <i>furth</i> over the fresche +strandez,</p> +<p>One a strenghe by a streme in thas straytt landez.”</p> +<p class="author">(Morte Arthure, p. 103.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Forth-lep, forth-leapt, <a href="poems.html#patience_line152">C. +154</a>.</p> + +<p>Forþoȝt, repented, <a href="poems.html#clean_line556">B. +557</a>.</p> + +<p>Forþrast, for-thrust, <a href="poems.html#clean_line248">B. +249</a>.</p> + +<p>Forþy, therefore, wherefore, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line232">A. +234</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line544">B. 545</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1020">1020</a>.</p> + +<p>Forþynke, repent, <a href="poems.html#clean_line284">B. +285</a>.</p> + +<p>Fortune, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line304">A. 306</a>.</p> + +<p>Forwarde = forward, covenant, +<span class="pagenum">149b</span> +<a name="page149b" id="page149b"> </a> +promise, <a href="poems.html#clean_line324">B. 327</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1740">1742</a>. A.S. <i>fore-weard</i>. +“<i>Forwarde</i>, or cuuinawnt, convencio, pactum.” (Prompt. Parv.)</p> + +<p>Forwroȝt, over-worked, weary, <a href="poems.html#patience_line160">C. 163</a>.</p> + +<p>Forȝes, furrows, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1544">B. 1547</a>. +A.S. <i>furh</i>. Ger. <i>furche</i>, a furrow.</p> + +<p>Forȝete, forgat, <a href="poems.html#clean_line200">B. 203</a>.</p> + +<p>Fote, foot, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line968">A. 970</a>.</p> + +<p>Foted, footed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line536">B. 538</a>.</p> + +<p>Founce, bottom, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line112">A. 113</a>. See +<ins class="correction" title="printed in roman (non-italic) type"><i>Founs</i></ins>.</p> + +<p>Foundande, going, <a href="poems.html#patience_line124">C. +126</a>.</p> + +<p>Founde, to go, <a href="poems.html#clean_line900">B. 903</a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Quen we suppose in our sele</p> +<p class="indent">to sit alther heist,</p> +<p>Than <i>fondis</i> furth dame fortoun</p> +<p class="indent">to the flode ȝates,</p> +<p>Draȝes up the damme borde</p> +<p class="indent">and drenchis us evir.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 64.)</p> +<p>“Fflorent and Floridas with fyve</p> +<p class="indent">score knyghttez,</p> +<p>ffollowede in the foreste, and on the</p> +<p class="indent">way <i>foundys</i>,</p> +<p>Fflyngande a faste trott,</p> +<p class="indent">and on the folke dryffes.”</p> +<p class="author">(Morte Arthure, p. 231.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Foundemente, foundation, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line992">A. +993</a>.</p> + +<p>Founden, found, <a href="poems.html#clean_line544">B. 547</a>.</p> + +<p>Foundered, destroyed, perished, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1012">B. 1014</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Founs,<br> +Founce,</td> +<td><p>bottom, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1024">B. +1026</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Onone as thai on Alexander</p> +<p class="indent">and on his ost waites,</p> +<p>Thai flee as fast into flode,</p> +<p class="indent">and to the <i>founce</i> plungid.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 141.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Fourferde, perished, <i>pret.</i> of <i>forfare</i>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line560">B. 560</a>.</p> + +<p>Fowle, foully, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1788">B. 1790</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">150</span> +<a name="page150" id="page150"> </a> + +<p>Fowled, became defiled, foul. <a href="poems.html#clean_line268">B. +269</a>.</p> + +<p>Fowre, four, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line884">A. 886</a>.</p> + +<p>Foysoun, abundant, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1056">A. 1058</a>. +Fr. <i>foison</i>. O.Fr. <i>fuson</i>, from Lat. <i>fusio</i>, pouring +out.</p> + +<p>Fraunchyse, liberality, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line608">A. +609</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line748">B. 750</a>.</p> + +<p>Fray, terrify, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1552">B. 1553</a>. See +<a class="error" href="#gloss_affraye" title="entry spelled ‘Affraye’"><i>Afray</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Frayneȝ, demands, asks, desires, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line128">A. 129</a>. A.S. <i>fregnan</i>, to ask. +Goth. <i>fraihnan</i>.</p> + +<p>Frayste (<i>a</i>), sought, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line168">A. +169</a>; (<i>b</i>) literally, to try, prove, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1736">B. 1736</a>. O.N. <i>fresta</i>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p class="author">(<i>a</i>)</p> +<p>“Bot wete thou wele this iwis, within a wale time,</p> +<p>Fra that I <i>fraist</i> have that faire (faice?) of my faire +lady,</p> +<p>I sall the seke with a sowme of seggis enarmed.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 69.)</p> +</div> + +<p class="bracket"> +Frek,<br> +Freke,</p> +<p>man, <a href="poems.html#clean_line4">B. 6</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line76">79</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line540">540</a>. This word is used by Skelton. A.S. +<i>freca</i>, a daring warrior, from <i>frec</i>, <i>freca</i>, +bold, daring, eager. The adjective <i>freke</i> (<i>frek</i>, +<i>frike</i>), was not unknown to O.E. writers of the 14th century.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Israel wit þis uplepp,</p> +<p>Þat moght noght forwit strid a step,</p> +<p>Witouten asking help of sun;</p> +<p>Þat quak wit ilk lim was won,</p> +<p>Þat first for eild moght noght spek,</p> +<p>To bidd hast now es nan sa frek.”</p> +<p class="author">(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 29<i>b</i>.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Freles, blameless, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line428">A. 431</a>. +O.N. <i>fryja</i>, to blame. <i>Frie</i>, to blame, occurs in the +romance of <i>Havelok the Dane</i>, 1998.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">150b</span> +<a name="page150b" id="page150b"> </a> + +<p>Freloker, more freely, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1104">B. +1106</a>.</p> + +<p>Frely, lordly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line160">A. 162</a>; +beautiful, <a href="poems.html#clean_line172">A. 173</a>; freely, +<a href="poems.html#patience_line20">B. 20</a>.</p> + +<p>Frelych, lordly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line160">A. 162</a>; +bountiful, <a href="poems.html#patience_line212">B. 214</a>.</p> + +<p>French, an error for <i>frech</i> (<i>fresh</i>) or <i>frelich</i>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line1084">A. 1086</a>.</p> + +<p>Frete, gnaw, eat, devour, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1040">B. +1040</a>. A.S. <i>fretan</i>.</p> + +<p>Freten, devoured, <a href="poems.html#clean_line404">B. +404</a>.</p> + +<p>Frette, furnish, <a href="poems.html#clean_line336">A. 339</a>; +ornament, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1476">B. 1476</a>. A.S. +<i>frætu</i>, ornament; <i>frætewian</i>, <i>frætwian</i>, trim, deck, +adorn.</p> + +<p>Fro, from, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line424">A. 427</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line396">A. 396</a>. This is another form of the +Northumbrian <i>fra</i>. O.N. <i>frá</i>; “<i>to ne fro</i>,” <a href="poems.html#pearl_line344">B. 347</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Frok,<br> +Frokke,</td> +<td><p>dress, garment, frock, <a href="poems.html#clean_line136">B. +136</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1740">1742</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Froþande, frothing, frothy, filthy, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1720">B. 1721</a>.</p> + +<p>Frunt, kicked, <a href="poems.html#patience_line184">C. 187</a>. +See T. B. 5968.</p> + +<p>Frym, beautiful, fresh, vigorous, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1076">A. 1079</a>. Prov.E. <i>frim</i>; +<i>frum</i>, tender, fresh. A.S. <i>freme</i>, advantageous, good. +Drayton uses the phrase “<i>frim</i> pastures,” <i>i.e.</i> luxuriant +pastures.</p> + +<p>Fryst, delay, put off, <a href="poems.html#clean_line740">B. +743</a>. A.S. <i>fyrstan</i>, to give respite; <i>fyrst</i>, +a space of time, interval. Icel. <i>frest</i>, delay; “<i>to +frist</i>, to trust for a time” (Ray); to delay (Jam.).</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Fryt,<br> +Fryte,</td> +<td><p>fruit, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line28">A. 29</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1044">B. 1044</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Fryth, wood, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line88">A. 89</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line532">B. 534</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1680">1680</a>. Gael, <i>frith</i>, a heath, deer +park, forest.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">151</span> +<a name="page151" id="page151"> </a> + +<p>Ful, foul, <a href="poems.html#clean_line228">B. 231</a>.</p> + +<p>Fulfille, accomplish, <a href="poems.html#clean_line264">B. +264</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1732">1732</a>.</p> + +<p>Fulȝed, baptized, <a href="poems.html#clean_line164">B. 164</a>. +See <a href="#gloss_folghed"><i>Folȝed</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Fundament, foundation, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1008">A. +1010</a>.</p> + +<p>Funde, found, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1732">B. 1735</a>.</p> + +<p>Fust, fist, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1532">B. 1535</a>.</p> + +<p>Fyf, five, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line848">A. 849</a>.</p> + +<p>Fygure, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line168">A. 170</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line744">747</a>.</p> + +<p>Fykel, treacherous, deceitful, <a href="poems.html#patience_line280">C. 283</a>.</p> + +<p>Fyldor, gold thread, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line104">A. 106</a>. +Fr. <i>fil d’or</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_fyled" id="gloss_fyled">Fyled</a>, defiled, dirty, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line136">B. 136</a>.</p> + +<p>Fyled, formed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1460">B. 1460</a>.</p> + +<p>Fylsened, strengthened, aided, supported, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1164">B. 1167</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1644">1644</a>. A.S. <i>fylst</i>, help, +assistance; <i>fylstan</i>, to help, aid.</p> + +<p>Fylter, huddle together, <a href="poems.html#clean_line224">A. +224</a>; join, <a href="poems.html#clean_line696">A. 696</a>; meet +together in battle, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1188">B. 1191</a>; become ragged, entangled. +Prov.E. <i>felter</i>, entangle, clot. Fairfax uses the phrase +“<i>feltred</i> locks.” Cf. the phrase a “<i>filtered</i> fole,” a +shaggy foal. Baker says that the term <i>felt</i> is applied to a matted +growth of grass.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“His fax and his foretoppe was <i>filterede</i> togeder.”</p> +<p class="author">(Morte Arthure, p. 91.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Fylyoles (= <i>fyells</i>, <i>phiolls</i>), round towers, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1460">B. 1462</a>. Cf. <i>Fala</i>, +a tour of tre. Med. Gram.</p> + +<p>Fyne, <i>vb.</i> end, die, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line328">A. +328</a>; cease, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line352">A. 353</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line448">A. 450</a>; delay, <a href="poems.html#clean_line928">B. 929</a>.</p> + +<p>Fyne, <i>sb.</i> cessation, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line632">A. +635</a>.</p> + +<p>Fynne, fin, <a href="poems.html#clean_line528">B. 531</a>.</p> + +<p>Fyole, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1476">B. 1476</a>.</p> + +<p>Fyrmament, <a href="poems.html#clean_line220">B. 221</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">151b</span> +<a name="page151b" id="page151b"> </a> + +<p>Fyrre, <i>adv.</i> farther, comp. of <i>fer</i>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line100">A. 103</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line124">127</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line764">A. 766</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line116">C. 116</a>; <i>adj.</i> distant, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line148">B. 148</a>. A.S. +<i>fyrre</i>.</p> + +<p>Fyrte, fearful, trembling, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line52">A. +54</a>. A.S. <i>fyrhto</i>; <i>fyrhtu</i>, fear, fright, trembling; +<i>forht</i>, fearful, timid.</p> + +<p>Fyþel, fiddle, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1080">B. 1082</a>.</p> + +<p>Fyþere, feather, <a href="poems.html#clean_line528">B. 530</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1024">1026</a>.</p> + +<p class="letterhead"> +<a name="gloss_G" id="gloss_G" href="#glossary">G</a></p> + +<p><a name="gloss_galle" id="gloss_galle">Galle</a>, gall, stain, +filth, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1060">A. 1060</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1020">B. 1022</a>. Cf. to <i>gall</i>, fret. Fr. +<i>galler</i>. W. <i>gwall</i>. O.N. <i>galli</i>, fault, imperfection. +Dan. <i>gal</i>, wrong, ill.</p> + +<p>Gain, against, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line136">A. 138</a>.</p> + +<p>Gardyn, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line260">A. 260</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_gare" id="gloss_gare">Gare</a>, cause, make, +drive, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line328">A. 331</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line688">B. 690</a>. N.Prov.E. <i>gar</i>. O.N. +<i>göra</i>, <i>gera</i>.</p> + +<p>Garlande, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1184">A. 1186</a>.</p> + +<p>Garnyst, garnished, ornamented, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1276">B. 1277</a>.</p> + +<p>Gart, forced, made, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1148">A. +1151</a>. See <a href="#gloss_gare"><i>gare</i></a>; <i>garten</i>, +<i>3d pers. pl.</i> <a href="poems.html#pearl_line84">A. 86</a>.</p> + +<p>Gate, way, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line392">A. 395</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line524">526</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line676">B. 676</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line928">931</a>. See T. B. 6292. O.N. +<i>gata</i>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Gaule,<br> +Gawle,</td> +<td><p><a href="poems.html#pearl_line460">A. 463</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line284">C. 285</a>. See <a href="#gloss_galle"><i>galle</i></a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Gay,<br> +Gaye,</td> +<td><p><a href="poems.html#pearl_line260">A. 260</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line828">B. 830</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1312">1315</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Gayn, <i>vb.</i> avail, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line340">A. +343</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line164">C. 164</a>; prevail, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1608">B. 1608</a>. Sc. <i>gane</i>; +<i>gain</i>, to be fit or suitable.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Gayn,<br> +Gayne,</td> +<td><p>useful, available, good, <a href="poems.html#clean_line256">B. +259</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line748">749</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Gaynly,<br> +Gaynlych,</td> +<td><p>gainly, gracious, <a href="poems.html#clean_line728">A. +728</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line80">B. 83</a>. Cf. ungainly += awkward. O.N. <i>gegn</i>, +<span class="pagenum">152</span> +<a name="page152" id="page152"> </a> +convenient, suitable; <i>gegna</i>, to meet.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<p>Gaȝafylace, royal treasury, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1280">B. +1283</a>.</p> + +<p>Geder, gather, <a href="poems.html#patience_line104">C. +105</a>.</p> + +<p>Gef, gave, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line172">A. 174</a>.</p> + +<p>Gele, spy, see, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line928">A. 931</a>.</p> + +<p>Gemme, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line252">A. 253</a>.</p> + +<p>Gendered, engendered, <a href="poems.html#clean_line300">B. +300</a>.</p> + +<p>Gendreȝ, genders, kinds, <a href="poems.html#clean_line432">B. +434</a>.</p> + +<p>Generacyoun, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line824">A. 827</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Gent,<br> +Gente,</td> +<td><p>gentle, noble, gracious, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line116">A. +118</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line252">253</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line264">265</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1492">B. 1495</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Gentryse, nobleness, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1156">B. +1159</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1216">1216</a>.</p> + +<p>Gentyl, noble, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line276">A. 278</a>; +<i>gentyleste</i>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1012">A. 1015</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1180">B. 1180</a>.</p> + +<p>Gentylmen, <a href="poems.html#clean_line864">B. 864</a>.</p> + +<p>Gere, gear, <a href="poems.html#clean_line16">A. 16</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line148">B. 148</a>.</p> + +<p>Gere, clothing, attire, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1808">B. +1811</a>.</p> + +<p>Gered, covered, clothed, ornamented, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1344">B. 1344</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1568">1568</a>. O.N. <i>gerfi</i>. A.S. +<i>gearwa</i>, habiliments. O.H.G. <i>garawi</i>, ornament, dress. A.S. +<i>gearwan</i>; <i>gearwian</i>, make ready, prepare, supply.</p> + +<p>Gesse, tell, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line496">A. 499</a>. Norse, +<i>gissa</i>.</p> + +<p>Geste, tale, saying, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line276">A. +277</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Geste,<br> +Gest,</td> +<td><p>guest, <a href="poems.html#clean_line96">B. 98</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line640">640</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Gettes, devices, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1352">B. 1354</a>. +O.N. <i>geta</i>, to conceive. A.S. “and-<i>gitan</i>,” get, know, +understand.</p> + +<p>Geuen, given, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1188">A. 1190</a>.</p> + +<p>Gilde, gilt, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1344">B. 1344</a>.</p> + +<p>Giles, gills, <a href="poems.html#patience_line268">C. 269</a>.</p> + +<p>Gilofre, gilly flower, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line40">A. 43</a>. +Fr. <i>giroflée</i>. Lat. <i>caryophyllus</i>, a clove.</p> + +<p>Glace = glance, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line168">A. 171</a>. Fr. +<i>glacer</i>, +<span class="pagenum">152b</span> +<a name="page152b" id="page152b"> </a> +<i>glacier</i>, slide, slip. Cf. O.E. <i>glace</i>, to polish, glance as +an arrow turned aside.</p> + +<p>Glade, <i>vb.</i> to gladden, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line860">A. +861</a>.</p> + +<p>Glam, word, message, <a href="poems.html#clean_line496">A. 499</a>; +<a href="poems.html#patience_line60">A. 63</a>; talk, speech, <a href="poems.html#clean_line828">C. 830</a>; noise, <a href="poems.html#clean_line848">B. 849</a>. Obsolete Swedish, +<i>glamm</i>, talk, chatter; <i>glamma</i>, to talk, chatter. Gael. +<i>glam</i>, outcry. O.N. <i>glam</i>, clash; <i>glamra</i>, to rattle. +Sc. <i>glamer</i>, noise, clatter.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Alle thire he closis in that cliffe, and cairis on forthire,</p> +<p>To the occyann at the erthes ende, and, ther in an ilee, he heres</p> +<p>A grete <i>glaver</i> and a <i>glaam</i> of grekin tongis.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 188.)</p> +</div> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Glas,<br> +Glasse,</td> +<td><p><a href="poems.html#pearl_line988">A. 990</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1024">1025</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Glauere, to deceive, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line688">A. 688</a>. +Cf. N.Prov.E. <i>glaver</i>, <i>glaiver</i>, to talk foolishly; +<i>glauver</i>, flattery. W. <i>glafr</i>. Irish <i>glafaire</i>, +a babbler.</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Sir,” sais syr Gawayne,</p> +<p class="indent">“So me gode helpe,</p> +<p>Siche <i>glaverande</i> gomes</p> +<p class="indent">greves me bot lyttille.”</p> +<p class="author">(Morte Arthure, p. 212.)</p> +</div> + +<p class="continue">See extract under word <i>glam</i>.</p> + +<p>Glaymande, slimy, <a href="poems.html#patience_line268">C. 269</a>. +Cf. “gleyme or rewme, reuma;” “gleymyn or <i>yngleymyn</i>, visco, +invisco.” (Prompt. Parv.)</p> + +<p>Glayre, glare, amber, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1024">A. +1026</a>. A.S. <i>glære</i>, amber. O.N. <i>gler</i>. Dan. <i>glar</i>, +glass.</p> + +<p>Glayue, a sword, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line652">A. 654</a>. Fr. +<i>glaive</i>. Lat. <i>gladius</i>.</p> + +<p>Gle, joy, glee, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line92">A. 95</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line1120">1123</a>.</p> + +<p>Glede, kite, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1696">B. 1696</a>. A.S. +<i>glída</i>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">153</span> +<a name="page153" id="page153"> </a> +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Glem,<br> +Gleme,</td> +<td><p>gleam, light, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line76">A. 79</a>; +brightness, <a href="poems.html#clean_line216">A. 218</a>; +<i>day-glem</i>, daylight, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1092">A. 1094</a>; <i>heven-glem</i>, heaven +light, <a href="poems.html#clean_line944">B. 946</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Glemande, gleaming, shining, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line68">A. +70</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line988">990</a>.</p> + +<p>Glene, glean, gather, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line952">A. +955</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Glent,<br> +Glente,</td> +<td><p>shone, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line68">A. 70</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line112">114</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1024">1026</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line216">B. 218</a>. Sc. <i>glent</i>, <i>glint</i>, +to gleam. Dan. <i>glindse</i>, to glisten; <i>glindre</i>, to +glitter.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“The schaftes of the schire sone schirkind the cloudis,</p> +<p>And gods glorious gleme <i>glent</i> tham emannge.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 164.)</p> +</div> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Glent,<br> +Glente,</td> +<td><p>slipped, fell, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line668">A. 671</a>. +Sc. <i>glint</i>, <i>glent</i>, not only signifies to gleam, shine, but +also to glide, slide. W. <i>ysglentio</i>, to slide.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Glissonand as the glemes þat <i>glenttes</i> of þe snaw.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 3067.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Glenteȝ, <i>sb.</i> looks, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1144">A. +1144</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Glet,<br> +Glette,</td> +<td><p>dirt, mud, slime, and hence filth, sin, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1060">A. 1060</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line304">A. 306</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line572">573</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line268">B. 269</a>. Pl. D. <i>glett</i>, +slippery. Sc. <i>glít</i>, pus. O.N. <i>glæta</i>, wet.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Glewed, called, prayed, <a href="poems.html#patience_line164">C. +164</a>. Fr. <i>glay</i>, cry.</p> + +<p>Glodeȝ, glades, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line76">A. 79</a>.</p> + +<p>Gloped, was terrified, frightened, amazed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line848">B. 849</a>. O.N. <i>glapa</i>, stare, gaze, +gape. O.Fris. <i>glupa</i>, to look, peep. Dan. <i>glippe</i>, to wink. +N.Prov.E. <i>glop</i>, <i>gloppen</i>, to be amazed, to frighten.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Bees not <i>aglopened</i> madame ne greved at my fadire.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 30.)</p> + +<span class="pagenum">153b</span> +<a name="page153b" id="page153b"> </a> + +<p>“Thane <i>glopned</i> the glotone and glorede unfaire.”</p> +<p class="author">(Morte Arthure, p. 90.)</p> +<p>“O, my hart is rysand in a <i>glope</i>!</p> +<p>For this nobylle tythand thou shalle have a droppe.”</p> +<p class="author">(Town. Myst. p. 146.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Glopnedly, fearfully, <a href="poems.html#clean_line896">B. +896</a>.</p> + +<p>Glory, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line932">A. 934</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1520">B. 1522</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket three"> +Gloryous,<br> +Glorious,<br> +Gloryus,</td> +<td><p><a href="poems.html#pearl_line796">A. 799</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line912">915</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Glotoun, a wicked wretch, a loose fellow, a ribald, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1504">B. 1505</a>.</p> + +<p>Gloumb, look, observe, <a href="poems.html#patience_line92">C. +94</a>. Chaucer uses <i>glombe</i> in the sense of looking gloomy, +sullen, frowning. It seems to be connected with O.N. <i>glampa</i>, to +glitter, shine. Cf. O.E. <i>glent</i>, to shine, and <i>glent</i>, to +look. So also <i>stare</i> signifies not only to look steadfastly at, +but to shine, glitter.</p> + +<p>Glowed, shone, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line112">A. 114</a>. O.N. +<i>gloá</i>, to glow, burn, shine.</p> + +<p>Glwande, glowing, shining, bright, <a href="poems.html#patience_line92">C. 94</a>.</p> + +<p>Glydande, going, walking, <a href="poems.html#clean_line296">B. +296</a>.</p> + +<p>Glyde, to go, walk, slip along, <a href="poems.html#clean_line324">B. 325</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line676">677</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1588">1590</a>. Pl. D. <i>gliden</i>, +<i>glien</i>, slip, glide.</p> + +<p>Glyfte, became frightened, <a href="poems.html#clean_line848">B. +849</a>. Originally to stare, look astonished.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Þys munke stode ande lokede þarto,</p> +<p>And hade þerof so moche drede,</p> +<p>Þat he wende have go to wede:</p> +<p>As he stode so sore <i>aglyfte</i></p> +<p>Hys ryȝt hande up he lyfte,</p> +<p>Ande blessede hym self stedfastly.”</p> +<p class="author">(Handlyng Synne, l. 3590.) +</div> + +<p class="continue"><i>Gliffe</i>, in O.E. signifies also to +<span class="pagenum">154</span> +<a name="page154" id="page154"> </a> +look, shine, glow. Sc. <i>glevin</i>, to glow; <i>gliff</i>, a glimpse; +<i>gliffin</i>, to wink. Dan. <i>glippe</i>, to wink.</p> + +<p>Glymme, brightness, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1088">A. +1088</a>. O.Sw. <i>glimma</i>, to shine.</p> + +<p>Glysnande, shining, glistening. <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1016">A. 1018</a>. A.S. <i>glisnian</i>. O.N. +<i>glyssa</i>, to sparkle, glitter.</p> + +<p>Glyȝt, shone, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line112">A. 114</a>; +looked, <a href="poems.html#patience_line452">C. 453</a>. Du. +<i>glicken</i>, to shine. Icel. <i>glugga</i>, to peep. <i>A-glyȝte</i>, +slipped from, in line 245, is evidently another form of <i>glyȝt</i>. +Cf. N.Prov.E. <i>glea</i>, <i>aglea</i>, crooked, aside; <i>gledge</i>, +to look asquint. Sc. <i>gley</i>, <i>gly</i>, to squint, all of which +originally signified simply to look, shine. See T. B. 3943.</p> + +<p>Gnede, niggardly, beggarly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line144">B. +146</a>. The MS. reads nede, but <i>gnede</i> is the correct form. Dan. +<i>gnide</i>, to rub. A.S. <i>gnidan</i>. Cf. O.E. <i>nithing</i>, +a miser. A.S. <i>gnethen</i>, moderate, sparing.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Sua lang has thir tua boght þair sede,</p> +<p>Þat þair moné wex al <i>gnede</i>.”</p> +<p class="author">(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 31<i>a</i>.)</p> +<p>“Bot fra þair store bigan to sprede</p> +<p>The pastur þam bigan to <i>knede</i>.”</p> +<p class="author">(<i>Ibid.</i> fol. 15<i>a</i>.)</p> +<p>“Bot al he tok in godds nam,</p> +<p>And thold luveli al þat scam;</p> +<p>For al to <i>gnede</i> him thoght þe gram</p> +<p>Þat he moght thol on his licam”</p> +<p class="author">(<i>Ibid.</i> fol. 51<i>a</i>.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Goande, going, <a href="poems.html#clean_line928">B. 931</a>.</p> + +<p>Goblote, goblet, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1276">B. +1277</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +God,<br> +Gode,</td> +<td><p>good, wealth. See <a href="#gloss_goud"><i>Goud</i></a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Godhede, godhead, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line412">A. +413</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">154b</span> +<a name="page154b" id="page154b"> </a> + +<p>Godlych, good, <a href="poems.html#clean_line752">B. 753</a>.</p> + +<p>Golf, deep, abyss, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line608">A. +608</a>.</p> + +<p>Gome, man, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line228">A. 231</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1312">B. 1315</a>.</p> + +<p>Gorde = <i>girde</i>, rush, go headlong, <a href="poems.html#clean_line908">B. 911</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line956">957</a>. See T. B. 169.</p> + +<p>Gore, filth, <a href="poems.html#clean_line304">B. 306</a>. A.S. +<i>gor</i>, wet, filth, mud. N. <i>gor</i>.</p> + +<p>Gorste, gorse, <a href="poems.html#clean_line96">B. 99</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line532">534</a>. W. <i>gores</i>, <i>gorest</i>, +waste, open.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Gost,<br> +Goste,</td> +<td><p>spirit, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line84">A. 86</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line324">B. 325</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1596">1598</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Gostly, spiritual, ghostly, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line788">A. +790</a>.</p> + +<p>Gote, stream, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line932">A. 934</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line412">A. 413</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line308">C. 310</a>; <i>pl.</i> goteȝ, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line608">B. 608</a>. Prov.E. <i>gote</i>, <i>goit</i>, +<i>gowt</i>, ditch, sluice, mill-stream. Du. <i>gote</i>, kennel, +conduit. A.S. <i>geotan</i>, to pour.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“As <i>gotes</i> out of <i>guttars</i> in golanand, (glomand ?) +wedors,</p> +<p>So voidis doun the venom be vermyns schaftes.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 163.)</p> +</div> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket three"> +<a name="gloss_goud" id="gloss_goud">Goud</a>,<br> +Goude,<br> +God,</td> +<td><p><i>adj.</i> good, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line32">A. 33</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line568">568</a>; <i>sb.</i> wealth, riches, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line728">A. 731</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line732">734</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1324">B. 1326</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Goun,<br> +Goune,</td> +<td><p>gown, dress, <a href="poems.html#clean_line144">B. 145</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1568">1568</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Governor, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1644">A. 1645</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line196">B. 199</a>.</p> + +<p>Gowdeȝ, goods, <a href="poems.html#patience_line284">C. +286</a>.</p> + +<p>Grace, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line436">A. 436</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Gracios,<br> +Gracious,</td> +<td><p><a href="poems.html#pearl_line92">A. 95</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line260">260</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line932">934</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line24">C. 26</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Gracyously, <a href="poems.html#clean_line488">B. 488</a>.</p> + +<p>Grame, wrath, vengeance, <a href="poems.html#patience_line52">C. +53</a>. A.S. <i>grama</i>. Ger. <i>gram</i>, anger, displeasure.</p> + +<p>Graunt, <i>sb.</i> leave, permission, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line316">A. 317</a>; <i>vb.</i> grant, <a href="poems.html#clean_line764">A. 765</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line240">B. 240</a>.</p> + +<p>Grauayl, gravel, pebbles, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line80">A. +81</a>.</p> + +<p>Grauen, graven, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1324">B. +1324</a>.</p> + +<p>Grauen, buried, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1332">B. +1332</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">155</span> +<a name="page155" id="page155"> </a> + +<p>Grayneȝ, grains, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line28">A. 31</a>.</p> + +<p>Grayþed, prepared, <a href="poems.html#clean_line340">A. 343</a>, +placed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1484">A. 1485</a>; availed, +<a href="poems.html#patience_line52">B. 53</a>. See T. B. 229. O.N. +<i>greitha</i>, to make ready. N.Prov.E. <i>graid</i>.</p> + +<p>Grayþely, quickly, readily, <a href="poems.html#clean_line340">A. +341</a>; truly, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line496">A. 499</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line240">B. 240</a>. N.Prov.E. <i>gradely</i>. +See T. B. 54.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“On Gydo, a gome þat <i>graidly</i> had soght,</p> +<p>And wist all þe werks by weghes he hade.”</p> +<p class="author"> +(T. B. 229.)</p> +</div> +<p class="continue"> +Cf. <i>Graiþe</i> = ready.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_gre" id="gloss_gre">Gre</a>, will, desire, <a href="poems.html#patience_line348">C. 348</a>; hence <i>bongre</i>, +<i>malgre</i>, etc. O.Fr. <i>gret</i>. Fr. <i>gré</i>, will, pleasure. +Lat. <i>gratus</i>, pleasing.</p> + +<p>Grece, step, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1588">B. 1590</a>.</p> + +<p>Gredirne, gridiron, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1276">B. +1277</a>.</p> + +<p>Greffe, grief, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line84">A. 86</a>.</p> + +<p>Greme, <i>adj.</i> displeasing, <a href="poems.html#patience_line40">A. 42</a>; wrath, <a href="poems.html#clean_line16">C. 16</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line944">947</a>; <i>vb.</i> to make angry, displease, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line136">B. 138</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1344">1347</a>. A.S. <i>gremian</i>, to +displease.</p> + +<p>Greme, spot, blemish, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line464">A. +465</a>. Norse <i>grima</i>, a spot.</p> + +<p>Gresse, grass, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line8">A. 10</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line244">245</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1028">B. 1028</a>.</p> + +<p>Grete, the whole, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line636">A. 637</a>, ? +altogether <a href="poems.html#pearl_line848">A. 851</a>; a +<i>grete</i>, in the gross—a head, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line560">A. 560</a>.</p> + +<p>Grete, weep, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line328">A. 331</a>. A.S. +<i>grætan</i>, Prov.E. <i>greet</i>.</p> + +<p>Gretyng, <i>sb.</i> weeping, <a href="poems.html#clean_line156">B. +159</a>.</p> + +<p>Greue, grieve, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line468">A. 471</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line136">B. 138</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line300">302</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line304">306</a>.</p> + +<p>Greue, grove, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line320">A. 321</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line96">B. 99</a>.</p> + +<p>Greuing, <i>sb.</i> sorrowing, grief, <a href="poems.html#clean_line156">B. 159</a>.</p> + +<p>Gromylyoun, the herb <i>gromwell</i>, grey millet, (Lithospermum +officinale), <a href="poems.html#pearl_line40">A. 43</a>. +“<i>Gromaly</i> +<span class="pagenum">155b</span> +<a name="page155b" id="page155b"> </a> +herbe. Milium solis.” (Prompt. Parv.)</p> + +<p>Grone, groan, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1076">B. 1077</a>.</p> + +<p>Gropande, searching, trying, <a href="poems.html#clean_line588">B. +591</a>. A.S. <i>grápian</i>, to touch, feel, seize, grope. O.N. +<i>greipa</i>.</p> + +<p>Gropyng, <i>sb.</i> handling, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1100">B. 1102</a>.</p> + +<p>Grounde, ground, sharpened, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line652">A. +654</a>.</p> + +<p>Groundeleȝ, bottomless, <a href="poems.html#patience_line308">C. +310</a>.</p> + +<p>Grouelyng, on the face, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1120">A. +1120</a>. O.N. <i>grufa</i>; <i>grufa nidr</i>, to stoop down. <i>Liggia +á grufu</i>, to lie face downwards, to lie groveling.</p> + +<p>Gruche, begrudge, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1344">B. +1347</a>.</p> + +<p>Gruȝt, <i>pret.</i> of <i>gruche</i>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line808">B. 810</a>.</p> + +<p>Grychchyng, <i>sb.</i> murmuring, repining, <a href="poems.html#patience_line52">C. 53</a>.</p> + +<p>Grym, black, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1068">A. 1070</a>.</p> + +<p>Grymly, sharply, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line652">A. 654</a>; +roughly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1532">B. 1534</a>.</p> + +<p>Grymme, horrible, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1552">A. 1553</a>; +sharp, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1696">B. 1696</a>. A.S. +<i>grim</i>; <i>grimm</i>, fury, rage<ins class="correction" title="text has ,;">; </ins>sharp, bitter; “a <i>grym</i> toole,” T. B. +938.</p> + +<p>Grynde, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line80">A. 81</a>.</p> + +<p>Gryndel, angry, <a href="poems.html#patience_line524">C. 524</a>. +Norse <i>grina</i>, wry the mouth; <i>grinall</i>, sour looking. Du. +<i>grinnen</i>, <i>grinden</i>, to grin, snarl.</p> + +<p>Grysly, horrible, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1532">B. 1534</a>. +A.S. <i>grislíc</i>, horrible; <i>a-grísan</i>, to dread, fear +greatly.</p> + +<p>Gryspyng, <i>sb.</i> gnashing of the teeth. A.S. +<i>grist-bítung</i>.</p> + +<p>Gryste, dirt (?), <a href="poems.html#pearl_line464">A. +465</a>.</p> + +<p>Guere, gear, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1504">B. 1505</a>.</p> + +<p>Guferes, evidently an error for <i>guteres</i>, <a href="poems.html#patience_line308">C. 310</a>. See T. B. 3072. See +extract under word <i>gote</i>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">156</span> +<a name="page156" id="page156"> </a> +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Gult,<br> +Gulte,</td> +<td><p>guilt, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line940">A. 942</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line688">B. 690</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Gulty, guilty, <a href="poems.html#patience_line208">C. 210</a>, +<a href="poems.html#patience_line284">285</a>.</p> + +<p>Gut, <a href="poems.html#patience_line280">C. 280</a>.</p> + +<p>Gyde-ropes, <a href="poems.html#patience_line104">C. 105</a>.</p> + +<p>Gye, govern, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1596">B. 1598</a>. Fr. +<i>guider</i>; <i>guier</i>, direct, guide.</p> + +<p>Gyle, guile, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line668">A. 671</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line688">688</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line284">C. 285</a>.</p> + +<p>Gylt, guilt, <a href="poems.html#clean_line728">B. 731</a>.</p> + +<p>Gylteȝ, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line652">A. 655</a>.</p> + +<p>Gyltleȝ, guiltless, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line668">A. +668</a>.</p> + +<p>Gyltyf, guilty, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line668">A. 669</a>.</p> + +<p>Gyn, machine; applied to the ark, <a href="poems.html#clean_line488">A. 491</a>; to a boat, <a href="poems.html#patience_line144">B. 146</a>.</p> + +<p>Gyng, company, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line452">A. 455</a>. A.S. +<i>genge</i>. See T. B. 1225.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Þan was Jacob busked yare,</p> +<p>Wit al þe <i>gynge</i> þat wit him ware.”</p> +<p class="author">(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 30<i>a</i>.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Gyngure, ginger, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line40">A. 43</a>.</p> + +<p>Gyse, guise, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1096">A. 1099</a>.</p> + +<p>Gyternere, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line88">A. 91</a>. Fr. +<i>guiterre</i>; <i>guiterne</i>, a gittern. (Cot.) Lat. <i>cithara</i>, +a harp.</p> + + +<p class="letterhead"> +<a name="gloss_H" id="gloss_H" href="#glossary">H</a></p> + +<p>Habbe, have, <a href="poems.html#clean_line72">A. 75</a>; +<i>habes</i>, <i>habbes</i>, has, <a href="poems.html#clean_line552">B. 555</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line992">995</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Hach,<br> +Hachche,</td> +<td><p>hatch (of a ship), <a href="poems.html#clean_line408">A. +409</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line176">B. 179</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Hafyng. See <a href="#gloss_hauyng"><i>Hauyng</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Hagherlych, fitly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line16">B. 18</a>. See +<a href="#gloss_hagherly"><i>Haȝerly</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Haldande, holding, <a href="poems.html#patience_line248">C. +251</a>.</p> + +<p>Halde, hold, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line452">A. 454</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line488">490</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line652">B. 652</a>.</p> + +<p>Halden, held, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1188">A. 1191</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line40">B. 42</a>.</p> + +<p>Hale, flow, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line124">A. 125</a>. The +original meaning is to drag along. Ger. <i>holen</i>. O.N. <i>hala</i>. +Fr. <i>haler</i>. Cf. T. B. 1782.</p> + +<p>Hale, toss, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1520">A. 1520</a>; +<a href="poems.html#patience_line216">B. 219</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">156b</span> +<a name="page156b" id="page156b"> </a> + +<p>Half, side, quarter, <a href="poems.html#clean_line948">B. 950</a>. +O.N. <i>halfa</i>.</p> + +<p>Halke, recess, <a href="poems.html#clean_line104">B. 104</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line320">321</a>. A.S. <i>hylca</i>, hooks, +turnings. “<i>Halke</i> or hyrne. Angulus, latibulum.” (Prompt. Parv.) +See Canterbury Tales, 11433.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_halse" id="gloss_halse">Halse</a>, salute, wish +one health, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1620">B. 1621</a>. O.N. +<i>heilsa</i>. Sw. <i>halsa</i>, to salute. O.N. <i>heilsa</i>, health. +See T. B. 367.</p> + +<p>Halt, lame, <a href="poems.html#clean_line100">B. 102</a>. O.N. +<i>halltr</i>, lame; <i>haltra</i>, <i>halta</i>, to limp.</p> + +<p>Halue, behalf, <a href="poems.html#clean_line896">B. 896</a>.</p> + +<p>Halue, side, border, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1036">B. +1039</a>.</p> + +<p>Halyday, holy day, <a href="poems.html#clean_line132">A. 134</a>; +<a href="poems.html#patience_line8">B. 9</a>.</p> + +<p>Halȝed, hallowed, sanctified, <a href="poems.html#clean_line504">B. +506</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1160">1163</a>.</p> + +<p>Hampre, to pack up for removal, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1284">B. 1284</a>.</p> + +<p>Han (<i>3d pers. pl. pres.</i>), have, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line776">A. 776</a>.</p> + +<p>Hande-helme, <a href="poems.html#clean_line416">B. 419</a>.</p> + +<p>Hapeneȝ, is blessed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line24">B. +27</a>.</p> + +<p>Happe, joy, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line16">A. 16</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1192">1195</a>; <i>happeȝ</i>, blessings, <a href="poems.html#clean_line24">A. 24</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line8">B. 11</a>. O.N. <i>happ</i>.</p> + +<p>Happe, cover, <a href="poems.html#clean_line624">A. 626</a>; +<a href="poems.html#patience_line448">B. 450</a>. Prov.E. <i>hap</i>, to +cover; <i>happing</i>, covering.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Lord, what (lo) these weders ar cold, and I am ylle +<i>happyd</i>.”</p> +<p class="author">(Town. Myst. p. 98.)</p> +</div> + +<p>“<i>Happyn</i> or <i>whappyn’</i> yn cloþys.” “<i>Lappyn’</i>, or +<i>whappyn’</i> yn cloþys (<i>happyn</i> to-gedyr, S.; <i>wrap</i> +to-geder in clothes, P.) Involvo.” (Prompt. Parv.)</p> + +<p>Happen, <i>adj.</i> happy, blessed, <a href="poems.html#patience_line12">C. 13</a>, <a href="poems.html#patience_line16">17</a>, <a href="poems.html#patience_line16">19</a>, <a href="poems.html#patience_line20">21</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">157</span> +<a name="page157" id="page157"> </a> + +<p>Hard, coarse cloth made of tow, “<i>hard</i> hattes,” <a href="poems.html#clean_line1208">B. 1209</a>. A.S. <i>heordan</i>, +<i>heordas</i>, hards, refuse of tow.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Sum araies thaim in ringes, and sum in row breuys,</p> +<p>With <i>hard hattes</i> on thaire hedis hied to thaire horsis.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 102.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Hardy, bold, <a href="poems.html#clean_line140">B. 143</a>.</p> + +<p>Hardyly, boldly, <a href="poems.html#pearl">A. 3</a>.</p> + +<p>Hare, <a href="poems.html#clean_line388">B. 391</a>.</p> + +<p>Harlot, underling, <a href="poems.html#clean_line36">A. 39</a>; +servant, profane jester, <a href="poems.html#clean_line860">A. +860</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1584">1584</a>; +<i>harloteȝ</i>, harlot’s, <a href="poems.html#clean_line32">A. 34</a>; harlots, <a href="poems.html#clean_line860">B. 860</a>. This term was not originally +confined to females, nor even to persons of bad character. W. +<i>herlawd</i>, <i>herlod</i>, a youth; <i>herlodes</i>, +a damsel. Cf. “<i>harlotte</i> scurrus.” “Gerro a tryfelour or a +harlott.” Med. MS. Cant. “An <i>harlott</i>, balator, rusticus, gerror, +mima, joculator, nugatur, scurrulus, manducus. An <i>harlottry</i>, +lecacitas, inurbanitas,” etc. To <ins class="correction" title="open quote conjectural">do</ins> <i>harlottry</i>, scurrari.” Cath. Ang. in +Prompt. Parv.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Ffore <i>harlottez</i> and <i>hause-mene</i> (house-men) salle helpe +bott littille.”</p> +<p class="author">(Morte Arthure, p. 229.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Harlottrye, profane speaking, <a href="poems.html#clean_line576">B. +579</a>.</p> + +<p>Harme, <i>sb.</i> wrong, sin, <a href="poems.html#patience_line16">A. 17</a>; <i>pl.</i> <i>harmeȝ</i>, harms, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line388">C. 388</a>.</p> + +<p>Harmleȝ, guiltless, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line676">A. 676</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line724">725</a>.</p> + +<p>Harpe, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line880">A. 881</a>.</p> + +<p>Harpen (<i>3d pers. pl. pres.</i>), play on the harp, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line880">A. 881</a>.</p> + +<p>Harporeȝ, harpers, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line880">A. +881</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">157b</span> +<a name="page157b" id="page157b"> </a> + +<p>Haspe, fasten, <a href="poems.html#clean_line416">A. 419</a>; +clothe, cover, <a href="poems.html#patience_line380">B. 381</a>. O.N. +<i>hespa</i>, a clasp, buckle. Cf. “<i>haspyng</i> in armys.<ins +class="correction" title="” missing">” </ins>T. B. 367.</p> + +<p>Haspede, hook, <a href="poems.html#patience_line188">C. 189</a>. +Cf. Dan. <i>haspe</i>, windlass, reel; <i>haspevinde</i> capstan of a +ship.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Hastif,<br> +Hastyf,</td> +<td><p>hasty, <a href="poems.html#patience_line520">C. +520</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Hastyfly,<br> +Hastyly,</td> +<td><p>hastily, quickly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line200">B. +200</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1148">1150</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Hat, call, <a href="poems.html#clean_line448">B. 448</a>. A.S. +<i>hátan</i>, to call.</p> + +<p class="bracket"> +Hatel,<br> +Hattel,</p> +<p>anger, <a href="poems.html#clean_line200">A. 200</a>; fierce, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line224">A. 227</a>; keen, sharp, <a href="poems.html#patience_line364">B. 367</a>, <a href="poems.html#patience_line480">481</a>. S.Saxon, <i>hatel</i>, +<i>hetel</i>, keen, sharp, bitter. A.S. <i>hétel</i>, fierce. O.Sax. +<i>hatol</i>. A.S. <i>atol</i>, dire, cruel.</p> + +<p>Hatere, clothing, garments, <a href="poems.html#clean_line32">B. +33</a>. A.S. <i>hætern</i>, <i>hæter</i>, clothing, apparel.</p> + +<p>Haþel, man, literally noble, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line676">A. +676</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line24">B. 27</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line408">409</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1596">1597</a>. A.S. <i>æthele</i>, noble; +<i>ætheling</i>, a ruler, man.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Homer was holden <i>haithill</i> of dedis.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 38.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Hatte, is called, <a href="poems.html#clean_line924">A. 926</a>; +<a href="poems.html#patience_line32">B. 35</a>.</p> + +<p>Haunte, practise, <a href="poems.html#patience_line12">C. 15</a>. +Fr. <i>hanter</i>, frequent, haunt, literally, to follow a certain +course.</p> + +<p>Haueke, hawk, <a href="poems.html#clean_line536">B. 537</a>.</p> + +<p>Hauen, haven, port, <a href="poems.html#clean_line420">B. +420</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_hauyng" id="gloss_hauyng">Hauyng</a>, condition, +behaviour, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line448">A. 450</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line752">754</a>.</p> + +<p>Haylsed, saluted, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line236">A. 238</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line612">B. 612</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line812">814</a>. See <a href="#gloss_halse"><i>Halse</i></a>. See T. B. 1792.</p> + +<p>Hayre, heir, <a href="poems.html#clean_line664">B. 666</a>.</p> + +<p>Hayreȝ, shirts of horse-hair, hair-cloth, +<span class="pagenum">158</span> +<a name="page158" id="page158"> </a> +sack-cloth, <a href="poems.html#patience_line372">C. 373</a>. A.S. +<i>héra</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_hagherly" id="gloss_hagherly">Haȝerly</a>, fitly, +properly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line16">B. 18</a>. This word +occurs in the Ormulum under <i>haȝherrlike</i>. O.N. <i>hægr</i>, +dexter, facilis. Dan. <i>haage</i>, to please; <i>haagelig</i>, +agreeable, acceptable.</p> + +<p>Hede, notice, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1048">A. 1051</a>.</p> + +<p>Hef, heaved, raised, <a href="poems.html#patience_line216">C. +219</a>.</p> + +<p>Heke = eke, also, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line208">A. +210</a>.</p> + +<p>Helde, bend to, come to, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1328">B. +1330</a>. A.S. <i>healdan</i>; <i>hyldan</i>, incline, lean to. Dan. +<i>helde</i>.</p> + +<p>Helde, <i>adv.</i> willingly, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1192">A. 1193</a>; <i>in helde</i>, in mind, in +purpose, disposed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1520">B. 1520</a>.</p> + +<p>Helded, approached, <a href="poems.html#clean_line36">B. +39</a>.</p> + +<p>Heldeȝ, goes, walks, <a href="poems.html#clean_line676">B. +678</a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Þir brether <i>helid</i> ai forth þair wai</p> +<p>Þat to þair fader ful suith com þai.”</p> +<p class="author">(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 29<i>b</i>.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Hele, safety, <a href="poems.html#patience_line332">A. 335</a>; +health, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1096">C. 1099</a>; pleasure, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line16">B. 16</a>. A.S. <i>hél</i>.</p> + +<p>Helle-hole, <a href="poems.html#clean_line220">B. 223</a>.</p> + +<p>Hellen, of hell, <a href="poems.html#patience_line304">C. +306</a>.</p> + +<p>Helme, <a href="poems.html#patience_line148">C. 149</a>.</p> + +<p>Hem, them, <a href="poems.html#patience_line180">C. 180</a>.</p> + +<p>Hemme, border, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1000">A. 1001</a>.</p> + +<p>Hende, gracious, <a href="poems.html#clean_line612">A. 612</a>; +<a href="poems.html#patience_line396">C. 398</a>; pleasant, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1080">B. 1083</a>. Norse <i>hendt</i>, adapted; +<i>hendug</i>. Dan. <i>hændig</i>, handy, dextrous. Cf. <i>hendly</i>, +T. B. 1792.</p> + +<p>Hendelayk, mildness, civility, <a href="poems.html#clean_line860">B. 860</a>. Hard-<i>laike</i> occurs in +T. B. 2213.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Heng,<br> +Henge,</td> +<td><p>hang, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1584">B. 1584</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1732">1734</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Hens, hence, <a href="poems.html#patience_line204">C. 204</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">158b</span> +<a name="page158b" id="page158b"> </a> +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Hent,<br> +Hente,</td> +<td><p>take, seize, receive, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line388">A. +388</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line668">669</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line148">B. 151</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line376">376</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line880">883</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1148">1150</a>. O.N. <i>henda</i>. A.S. +<i>hentan</i>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Hepe, heap, company. <a href="poems.html#clean_line1772">B. +1775</a>.</p> + +<p>Her, their, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line888">A. 888</a>.</p> + +<p>Here, heir, <a href="poems.html#clean_line52">B. 52</a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Bede his doughter come downe and his <i>dere heire</i>.” (T. B. +389.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Here, hair, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line208">A. 210</a>.</p> + +<p>Here, company, <a href="poems.html#clean_line408">B. 409</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line900">902</a>. T. B. 6253. A.S. +<i>here</i>, an army, host, etc.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_hered" id="gloss_hered">Hered</a>, honoured, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1084">B. 1086</a>. A.S. <i>hérian</i>, to +praise, commend.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Herken,<br> +Herkne,</td> +<td><p>hearken, <a href="poems.html#clean_line192">B. 193</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line456">458</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Herneȝ, brains, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line56">A. 58</a>. O.N. +<i>hjarni</i>. Sw. <i>hjerna</i>.</p> + +<p>Herneȝ = erneȝ, eagles, <a href="poems.html#clean_line536">B. +537</a>.</p> + +<p>Hert, heart, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1720">B. 1723</a>.</p> + +<p>Hertte, hart, <a href="poems.html#clean_line388">B. 391</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line532">535</a>.</p> + +<p>Heruest, harvest, <a href="poems.html#clean_line520">B. +523</a>.</p> + +<p>Hery, honour, praise, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1524">B. +1527</a>. See <a href="#gloss_hered"><i>hered</i></a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Herytage,<br> +Heritage,</td> +<td><p><a href="poems.html#pearl_line416">A. 417</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line652">B. 652</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p><a name="gloss_herghe" id="gloss_herghe">Herȝe</a>, harry, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1176">A. 1179</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1292">1294</a>; drag out, <a href="poems.html#patience_line176">B. 178</a>. Sc. <i>herry</i>; +<i>harry</i>, rob, spoil, pillage. A.S. <i>hergian</i>, <i>herian</i>, +to plunder, afflict, vex. Fr. <i>harrier</i>, provoke, molest. O.N. +<i>heria</i>, to make an inroad on.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Hest,<br> +Heste,</td> +<td><p>command, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line632">A. 633</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line92">A. 94</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line340">341</a>; promise, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1636">B. 1636</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Hete, promise, vow, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line400">A. 402</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1344">A. 1346</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line336">B. 336</a>. O.N. <i>haeta</i>, to +threaten. T. B. 240.</p> + +<p>Heter, rough, <a href="poems.html#patience_line372">C. 373</a>. See +T. B. +<span class="pagenum">159</span> +<a name="page159" id="page159"> </a> +5254. N.Prov. <i>hetter</i>, <i>hitter</i>, eager, earnest.</p> + +<p>Heterly, quickly, greatly, fiercely, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line400">A. 402</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line380">A. 380</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1220">1222</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line380">B. 381</a>, <a href="poems.html#patience_line476">477</a>. See T. B. 3499.</p> + +<p>Heþe, heath, <a href="poems.html#clean_line532">B. 535</a>.</p> + +<p>Heþen, hence, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line228">A. 231</a>. O.N. +<i>hëthan</i>. See T. B. 5115.</p> + +<p>Heþyng, scorn, contempt, <a href="poems.html#clean_line576">A. +579</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line708">710</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience">B. 2</a>. O.N. <i>háthung</i>. See T. B. +1753, 1818.</p> + +<p>Heue, heave, raise, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line312">A. 314</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line472">473</a>. O.N. <i>hefia</i>.</p> + +<p>Heued, head, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line456">A. 459</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line464">465</a>.</p> + +<p>Heuen, raise, exalt, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line16">A. 16</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line24">A. 24</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line504">506</a>; increase, “<i>heuen þi hele</i>.” +<a href="poems.html#clean_line920">B. 920</a>. We also meet with the +phrase to “<i>heuen harm</i>.”</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Qua folus lang wit uten turn,</p> +<p>Oft his fote sal find a spurn;</p> +<p>Reu his res þan sal he sare,</p> +<p>Or <i>heuen</i> his harme with foli mare.<ins class="correction" +title="” missing">” </ins></p> +<p class="author">(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 25<i>a</i>.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Heuen-ryche, the kingdom of heaven, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line716">A. 719</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line12">C. 14</a>.</p> + +<p>Heuy, sorrowful, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1180">A. 1180</a>; +<a href="poems.html#patience">A. 2</a>.</p> + +<p>Heyred, harried, dragged, pulled, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1784">B. 1786</a>. See <a href="#gloss_herghe"><i>Herȝe</i></a>. “<i>Harryn’</i> or <i>drawyn’</i> +trahicio, pertraho” (Prompt. Parv.)</p> + +<p>Heyred = heryed, honoured, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1524">B. +1527</a>. See <a href="#gloss_hered"><i>Hered</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Heȝe, high, lofty, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1388">B. 1391</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1748">1749</a>.</p> + +<p>Heȝe, hasten, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1584">B. 1584</a>. See +<a href="#gloss_hyghe"><i>Hyȝe</i></a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Heȝt,<br> +Heȝþe,</td> +<td><p>height, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1028">A. 1031</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line316">B. 317</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Hide,<br> +Hidde,</td> +<td><p>hid, hidden, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1600">B. 1600</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1628">1628</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Hidor, fear, <a href="poems.html#patience_line364">C. 367</a>. +O.Fr. <i>hisdour</i>; <i>hidour</i>, dread.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">159b</span> +<a name="page159b" id="page159b"> </a> + +<p><a name="gloss_hiled" id="gloss_hiled">Hiled</a>, covered, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1396">B. 1397</a>. A.S. <i>hélan</i>, +<i>hélian</i>. Prov.E. <i>hele</i>, <i>hill</i>, <i>hile</i>, to cover. +O.N. <i>hylia</i>, to hide.</p> + +<p>Hitte, to make for, <a href="poems.html#patience_line288">A. +289</a>; come, <a href="poems.html#clean_line476">C. 479</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line380">B. 380</a>. O.N. <i>hitta</i>, to light +on, find.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Þai turne into Tessaile withouten tale more,</p> +<p><i>Hit</i> up into a havyn all the hepe samyn.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 991.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Hiȝe = high, loud, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1564">B. +1564</a>.</p> + +<p>Hiȝly, greatly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line920">B. 920</a>.</p> + +<p>Ho, she, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line232">A. 232</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line232">233</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line656">B. 659</a>. A.S. <i>heo</i>. Prov.E. +<i>hoo</i>.</p> + +<p>Ho-besteȝ, she-heasts, <a href="poems.html#clean_line336">B. +337</a>.</p> + +<p>Hod, hood, <a href="poems.html#clean_line32">B. 34</a>.</p> + +<p>Hodleȝ, hoodless, <a href="poems.html#clean_line640">B. +643</a>.</p> + +<p>Hofen, (<i>p.p.</i> of <i>heve</i>), exalted, raised, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1708">B. 1711</a>.</p> + +<p>Hokyllen, beat, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1264">B. 1267</a>. Is +this an error for <i>hollkyen</i>? See <a href="#gloss_holkke"><i>Holkke</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Hol, whole, <a href="poems.html#clean_line100">B. 102</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line592">594</a>.</p> + +<p>Hole-foted, <a href="poems.html#clean_line536">B. 538</a>.</p> + +<p>Holde, dominion, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1596">B. +1597</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_holkke" id="gloss_holkke">Holkke</a>, thrust out, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1220">B. 1222</a>. The original meaning +seems to be “to make hollow, dig out, pierce.” A.S. <i>holian</i>, to +hollow; <i>hol</i>, <i>holh</i>, a hole. Cf. O.Sc. and O.E. +<i>holket</i>, hollow; <i>holk</i>, dig out. Prov.E. <i>hulk</i>, to +take out entrails of rabbits and hares (Baker). Sw. <i>holka</i>, +<i>hulka</i>, to hollow.</p> + +<p>Holly, wholly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line104">B. 104</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1140">1140</a>.</p> + +<p>Holteȝ, woods, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line920">A. 921</a>. A.S. +<i>holt</i>, wood, grove; “<i>holte woddes</i>,” T. B. 1351.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">160</span> +<a name="page160" id="page160"> </a> + +<p>Holȝe, hollow, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1692">B. 1695</a>. +A.S. <i>holh</i>.</p> + +<p>Homly, familiar, domestic, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1208">A. +1211</a>.</p> + +<p>Hommes, hams, thighs, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1540">B. +1541</a>. O.N. <i>höm</i>, the back of the thigh.</p> + +<p>Honde, hand, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line48">A. 49</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line704">706</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line172">B. 174</a>.</p> + +<p>Hondel, handle, <a href="poems.html#clean_line8">B. 11</a>.</p> + +<p>Hondelyng, <i>sb.</i> handling, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1100">B. 1101</a>.</p> + +<p>Hondelynge, <i>adv.</i> with hands, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line680">A. 681</a>.</p> + +<p>Honde-werk, handwork, <a href="poems.html#patience_line496">C. +496</a>.</p> + +<p>Honde-whyle, a moment, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1784">B. +1786</a>. A.S. <i>hand-hwíl</i>; “in a <i>hond-while</i>,” T. B. +406.</p> + +<p>Hone, to delay, abide, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line920">A. +921</a>. See Met. Hom., p. 129.</p> + +<p>Honest, <a href="poems.html#clean_line12">B. 14</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line16">18</a>.</p> + +<p>Honestly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line132">B. 134</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line704">705</a>.</p> + +<p>Honour, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line852">A. 852</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line592">B. 594</a>.</p> + +<p>Honyseȝ, destroys, ruins, <a href="poems.html#clean_line596">B. +596</a>. O.Fr. <i>honeison</i>, shame; <i>honnir</i>, to shame, blame, +borrowed from Goth, <i>haunjan</i>. Ger. <i>höhnen</i>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“And Alexander alle that quile asperly rydis</p> +<p>To the grete flode of Granton, and it one a glance fyndes,</p> +<p>Or he was soȝt to the side ȝit sondird the qweryns,</p> +<p>His hors it <i>hunyschist</i> for evir, and he with hard +schapid.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 102.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Hope, expect, think, suppose, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line140">A. +142</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line660">B. 663</a>.</p> + +<p>Hores, theirs, <a href="poems.html#patience_line12">C. 14</a>.</p> + +<p>Hores (?), <a href="poems.html#clean_line1692">B. 1695</a>.</p> + +<p>Hortyng, <i>sb.</i> hurting, harm, <a href="poems.html#clean_line740">B. 740</a>.</p> + +<p>Horwed, unclean, <a href="poems.html#clean_line332">B. 335</a>. +A.S. <i>horwa</i>, <i>hóru</i>, dirt; <i>hyrwian</i>, to defile.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">160b</span> +<a name="page160b" id="page160b"> </a> + +<p>Horyed, hurried, <a href="poems.html#clean_line880">B. 883</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Hot,<br> +Hote,</td> +<td><p>angry, <a href="poems.html#clean_line200">B. 200</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Hourlande, rolling, rushing, hurling, <a href="poems.html#patience_line268">C. 271</a>.</p> + +<p>Hourle, wave, <a href="poems.html#patience_line316">C. 319</a>.</p> + +<p>Household, <a href="poems.html#clean_line16">B. 18</a>.</p> + +<p>Houe, abide, <a href="poems.html#clean_line924">B. 927</a>. W. +<i>hofian</i>; <i>hofio</i>, to fluctuate, hover, suspend.</p> + +<p>Houeȝ, hovers, <a href="poems.html#clean_line456">B. 458</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line484">485</a>.</p> + +<p>Houen, exalted, raised, <a href="poems.html#clean_line204">B. +206</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line412">413</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1448">1451</a>.</p> + +<p>Hue, cry, voice, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line872">A. 873</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Hue,<br> +Huee,</td> +<td><p>hue, complexion, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line840">A. 842</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1480">B. 1483</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Huge, great, <a href="poems.html#clean_line4">B. 4</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1656">1659</a>.</p> + +<p>Hunger, <i>vb.</i> <a href="poems.html#patience_line16">C. +19</a>.</p> + +<p>Hurkele, hang, <a href="poems.html#clean_line148">B. 150</a>; rest, +406. The original meaning is to nestle, crouch, squat. N.Prov.E. +<i>hurkle</i>, to squat, crouch, nestle. Du. <i>hurken</i>, to squat. +O.N. <i>hruka</i>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Then come ther in a litill brid into his arme fleȝe,</p> +<p>And ther <i>hurkils</i> and hydis as sche were hande tame,</p> +<p>Fast scho flekirs about his fete, and fleȝtirs aboute.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 18.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Hurlande, hurling, rushing, <a href="poems.html#clean_line412">B. +413</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1208">1211</a>.</p> + +<p>Hurle, rush, <a href="poems.html#clean_line44">B. 44</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line220">223</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line376">376</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line872">874</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1204">1204</a>; “<i>hurlet</i> out of houses,” +T. B. 1365.</p> + +<p>Hurrok, oar, <a href="poems.html#clean_line416">A. 419</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line184">B. 185</a>. Prov.E. <i>orruck</i>. +“<i>Orruck</i>-holes, oar-drawing holes, as distinct from thole-pins, +which are less used in our boats: <i>rykke</i>, to draw (Dan.). Compare +English <i>rullocks</i>.” Norfolk +<span class="pagenum">161</span> +<a name="page161" id="page161"> </a> +Words: Miss A. Gurney in Transactions of Philological Society for 1855, +p. 34.</p> + +<p>Huyde, hide, <a href="poems.html#clean_line912">B. 915</a>.</p> + +<p>Huyle, while, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line40">A. 41</a>.</p> + +<p>Hwe, hue, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line896">A. 896</a>; +<i>hwes</i>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1116">B. 1119</a>.</p> + +<p>Hwed, coloured, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1044">B. +1045</a>.</p> + +<p>Hyde, skin, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1136">A. 1136</a>.</p> + +<p>Hyl-coppe, hill-top, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line788">A. 791</a>. +See <a href="#gloss_coppe"><i>Coppe</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Hynde = hende, courteous, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line908">A. +909</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1096">B. 1098</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_hyne" id="gloss_hyne">Hyne</a>, servants; +<i>hinds</i>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line504">A. 505</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line632">632</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1208">1211</a>. A.S. <i>hina</i>, <i>hine</i> (for +<i>higna</i>, <i>higne</i>), a domestic. O.N. <i>hion</i>, +family.</p> + +<p>Hyre, <i>sb.</i> hire, wages<ins class="correction" title="text has .,">, </ins>A. 534, 539.</p> + +<p>Hyre, <i>vb.</i> <a href="poems.html#pearl_line504">A. 507</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line560">560</a>.</p> + +<p>Hyrne, corner, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1292">A. 1294</a>; +<a href="poems.html#patience_line176">B. 178</a>. A.S. <i>hyrne</i>. “Hyd +hom in houles and <i>hyrnys</i> aboute,” T. B. 1362.</p> + +<p>Hytteȝ, strives, seeks, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line132">A. +132</a>.</p> + +<p>Hyue, hive, <a href="poems.html#clean_line220">B. 223</a>.</p> + +<p>Hyure, hire, <a href="poems.html#patience_line56">C. 56</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_hyghe" id="gloss_hyghe">Hyȝe</a>, high grounds, +heights, <a href="poems.html#clean_line388">B. 391</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Hyȝe,<br> +Hyȝ,</td> +<td><p>high, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line36">A. 39</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line392">395</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line380">A. 380</a>; “on <i>hyȝe</i>,” <a href="poems.html#clean_line412">A. 413</a>; “<i>hyȝe</i> trot,” quick pace, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line976">B. 976</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Hyȝe, hie, hasten, <a href="poems.html#clean_line32">A. 33</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line392">392</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line536">538</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line216">B. 217</a>. A.S. <i>higan</i>, +<i>higian</i>.</p> + +<p>Hyȝe, labourer, servant, <a href="poems.html#clean_line64">B. +67</a>. A.S. <i>higo</i>, a servant. See <a class="error" href="#gloss_hyne" title="entry spelled ‘Hyne’"><i>Hine</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Hyȝly, greatly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1524">B. +1527</a>.</p> + +<p>Hyȝt, named, called, promised, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line304">A. 305</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line948">950</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line24">B. 24</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line664">665</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1160">1162</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">161b</span> +<a name="page161b" id="page161b"> </a> + +<p>Hyȝt, height, <a href="poems.html#clean_line456">A. 458</a>; +<a href="poems.html#patience_line396">B. 398</a>.</p> + +<p>Hyȝtled, ornamented, decorated, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1288">B. 1290</a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“He had a hatt on his hede <i>hiȝtild</i> o floures.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 155.)</p> +</div> + + +<p class="letterhead"> +<a name="gloss_I" id="gloss_I" href="#glossary">I</a></p> + +<p>I-brad, extended, reached, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1692">B. +1693</a>. See <a href="#gloss_brayde"><i>Brayde</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Ichose, chosen, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line904">A. 904</a>.</p> + +<p>Idolatrye, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1172">B. 1173</a>.</p> + +<p>Ilk, same, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1752">B. 1755</a>.</p> + +<p>Ille, bad, evil, <a href="poems.html#clean_line576">B. 577</a>.</p> + +<p>Ilyche = alike, <a href="poems.html#clean_line228">A. 228</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line972">975</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line160">B. 161</a>. A.S. <i>gelíc</i>.</p> + +<p>Image, <a href="poems.html#clean_line980">B. 983</a>.</p> + +<p>In-blande, together, <a href="poems.html#clean_line884">B. 885</a>. +Dan. <i>iblandt</i>. See <a class="error" href="#gloss_blande" title="entry spelled ‘Blande’"><i>Bland</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Inflokke, flock in, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1764">B. +1767</a>.</p> + +<p>Inlyche, alike, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line544">A. 546</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line600">603</a>.</p> + +<p>In-melle, among, A 1127. This word is usually written <i>i-melle</i>. +Icel. <i>á-milli</i>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +In-monge,<br> +In-mongeȝ,</td> +<td><p>among, amidst, <a href="poems.html#clean_line276">B. 278</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1484">1485</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +<a name="gloss_inmyddegh" id="gloss_inmyddegh">In-mydde</a>,<br> +In-myddeȝ,</td> +<td><p>amidst, <a href="poems.html#clean_line124">B. 125</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1676">1677</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Innocens, innocence, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line708">A. +708</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Innoghe,<br> +Innoȝe,</td> +<td><p>enough, sufficiently, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line612">A. +612</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line624">625</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line636">637</a>; abundant, <a href="poems.html#patience_line528">C. 528</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>In-nome, taken in, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line700">A. +703</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Innossent,<br> +Inoscente,</td> +<td><p>innocent, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line664">A. 666</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line672">672</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line684">684</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Inobedyent, disobedient, <a href="poems.html#clean_line236">B. +237</a>. Fr. <i>inobedient</i>.</p> + +<p>In-seme, together, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line836">A. 838</a>. +A.S. <i>gesome</i>. O.E. <i>ysome</i>.</p> + +<p>In-stoundes, at times, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1600">B. +1603</a>.</p> + +<p>Instrumente, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1080">B. 1081</a>.</p> + +<p>Insyȝt, opinion, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1656">B. +1659</a>.</p> + +<p>Ire, wrath, <a href="poems.html#clean_line572">B. 572</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">162</span> +<a name="page162" id="page162"> </a> + +<p>Iwysse, truly, indeed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line84">B. 84</a>. +A.S. <i>gewis</i>.</p> + +<p>In-wyth, within, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line968">A. 970</a>.</p> + + +<p class="letterhead"> +<a name="gloss_J" id="gloss_J" href="#glossary">J</a></p> + +<p>Jacynth, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1012">A. 1014</a>.</p> + +<p>Janglande, muttering, <a href="poems.html#patience_line88">C. +90</a>. O.Fr. <i>jangler</i>, to chatter.</p> + +<p>Jape, device, sin, <a href="poems.html#clean_line272">A. 272</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line864">864</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line56">B. 57</a>. Fr. <i>japper</i>, to yelp, +chatter. The original meaning of <i>jape</i> is in O.E. to deceive, to +lie.</p> + +<p>Jasper, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line996">A. 999</a>.</p> + +<p>Jauele, a wicked wretch, a base fellow, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1492">B. 1495</a>. “<i>Javel</i>, Joppus, gerro.” +(Prompt. Parv.)</p> +<p class="quotation"> +“The Lieutenant of the Tower advising Sir Thomas Moor to put on worse +cloaths at his execution, gives this reason, because he that is to have +them is but a <i>javel</i>; to which Sir Thomas replied, shall I count +him a <i>javel</i> who is to doe me so great a benefit.” —<ins +class="correction" title="( missing">MS.</ins> Lansd. 1033, in +Hall.)</p> + +<p>Jeaunte, giant, <a href="poems.html#clean_line272">B. 272</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket three"> +Jolef,<br> +Jolyf,<br> +Joly,</td> +<td><p>handsome, happy, true, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line840">A. +842</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line928">929</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line300">A. 300</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line864">864</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line240">B. 241</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Joparde, jeopardy, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line600">A. +602</a>.</p> + +<p>Jostyse, justice, judge, <a href="poems.html#clean_line876">B. +877</a>.</p> + +<p>Journay, <a href="poems.html#patience_line352">C. 355</a>.</p> + +<p>Jowked, slept, <a href="poems.html#patience_line180">C. +182</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Joy,<br> +Joye,</td> +<td><p><a href="poems.html#pearl_line264">A. 266</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Joyfol, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line288">A. 288</a>.</p> + +<p>Joyleȝ, joyless, sorrowful, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line252">A. +252</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line144">C. 146</a>.</p> + +<p>Joyne, <a href="poems.html#clean_line724">B. 726</a>.</p> + +<p>Joyned, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1008">A. 1009</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line432">B. 434</a>.</p> + +<p>Joyned, enjoined, <a href="poems.html#clean_line876">A. 877</a>; +<a href="poems.html#patience_line60">B. 62</a>, <a href="poems.html#patience_line352">355</a>.</p> + +<p>Joynte, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1540">B. 1540</a>.</p> + +<p>Joyst, <a href="poems.html#clean_line432">B. 434</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">162b</span> +<a name="page162b" id="page162b"> </a> +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Juel,<br> +Juele,</td> +<td><p>jewel, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line248">A. 249</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line252">253</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line276">278</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Jueler,<br> +Juelere,</td> +<td><p>jeweller, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line252">A. 252</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line264">264</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Juelrye, jewelry, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1308">B. +1309</a>.</p> + +<p>Jugge, judge, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line4">A. 7</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line804">804</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line224">C. 224</a>.</p> + +<p>Juggement, judgment, <a href="poems.html#clean_line724">B. +726</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Juis,<br> +Juise,</td> +<td><p>judgment, doom, <a href="poems.html#clean_line724">A. 726</a>; +<a href="poems.html#patience_line224">B. 224</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Jumpred (? <i>Jumpre</i> from A.S. <i>geomer</i>, miserable, sad), +trouble, <a href="poems.html#clean_line488">B. 491</a>.</p> + +<p>Justyfyet, justified, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line700">A. +700</a>.</p> + + +<p class="letterhead"> +<a name="gloss_K" id="gloss_K" href="#glossary">K</a></p> + +<p>Kable, <a href="poems.html#clean_line416">B. 418</a>.</p> + +<p>Kake, <a href="poems.html#clean_line624">B. 625</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line632">635</a>.</p> + +<p>Kark, sorrow, <a href="poems.html#patience_line264">C. 265</a>. W. +and Gael. <i>carc</i>, care.</p> + +<p>Karle, churl, <a href="poems.html#clean_line208">B. 208</a>. See +<a class="error" href="#gloss_chorles" title="entry spelled ‘Chorles’"><i>Chorle</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Kart, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1256">B. 1259</a>.</p> + +<p>Kayrene, to go, <a href="poems.html#clean_line944">B. 945</a>. See +<a href="#gloss_cayre"><i>Cayre</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Kayser, emperor, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1592">B. +1593</a>.</p> + +<p>Kaȝt, caught, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1212">B. 1215</a>.</p> + +<p>Kene, great, noble, <a href="poems.html#clean_line836">A. 839</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1592">1593</a>; sharp, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1696">B. 1697</a>.</p> + +<p>Kenely, quickly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line944">B. 945</a>.</p> + +<p>Kenne, to know, make known, show, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line52">A. 55</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line864">A. 865</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1704">1707</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line356">B. 357</a>. O.N. <i>kenna</i>. Norse +<i>kjenna</i>, to perceive by sense, recognise, observe.</p> + +<p>Kennest, keenest, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1572">B. +1575</a>.</p> + +<p>Kepe, care for, regard, <a href="poems.html#clean_line508">B. +508</a>.</p> + +<p>Kerve, dig, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line512">A. 512</a>; cut, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1104">A. 1104</a>; rend, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1580">B. 1582</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Kest,<br> +Keste,</td> +<td><p>contrive, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1068">A. 1070</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1452">1455</a>; cast, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line64">A. 66</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line412">B. 414</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Keue, depart, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line320">A. 320</a>.</p> + +<p>Keued, separated, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line980">A. +981</a>.</p> + +<p>Keuer, recover, restore, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1604">B. +1605</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1700">1700</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">163</span> +<a name="page163" id="page163"> </a> + +<p>Keye, key, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1436">B. 1438</a>.</p> + +<p>Klubbe, club, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1348">B. 1348</a>.</p> + +<p>Klyffeȝ, cliffs, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line64">A. 66</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line72">74</a>.</p> + +<p>Knaue, knave, <a href="poems.html#clean_line852">A. 855</a>; +servant, <a href="poems.html#clean_line800">B. 801</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket three"> +Knaue,<br> +Knaw,<br> +Knawe,</td> +<td><p>know; <i>knawen</i>, known, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line636">A. 637</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1432">B. 1435</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1572">1575</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Knawlach, knowledge, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1700">B. +1702</a>; See T. B. 1083.</p> + +<p>Knot, crowd, company, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line788">A. +788</a>.</p> + +<p>Knyt, knit, unite, establish, <a href="poems.html#clean_line564">B. +564</a>.</p> + +<p>Kost, coast, border, <a href="poems.html#clean_line912">B. +912</a>.</p> + +<p>Kote, house, <a href="poems.html#clean_line800">B. 801</a>.</p> + +<p>Koynt = quaint, curious, crafty, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1380">B. 1382</a>.</p> + +<p>Krakke, sound, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1400">B. 1403</a>.</p> + +<p>Kuy, kine, cows, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1256">B. +1259</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Kyd,<br> +Kydde,</td> +<td><p>showed, proved, (<i>pret.</i> of <i>kythe</i>), <a href="poems.html#clean_line20">B. 23</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line208">208</a>. <i>Kyde</i>, as an <i>adj.</i> = +renowned.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“This kyde realme.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 213.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Kylle, to strike, <a href="poems.html#clean_line876">B. 876</a>. +See T. B. 1211, 1213.</p> + +<p>Kyndam, kingdom, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1700">B. +1700</a>.</p> + +<p>Kynde, nature, species, <a href="poems.html#clean_line264">B. +266</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line504">505</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line504">507</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Kyndely,<br> +Kyndly,</td> +<td><p>naturally, properly, <a href="poems.html#cleanness">A. 1</a>, +319.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Kynne, conceive, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1072">B. 1072</a>. +A.S. <i>cennan</i>, to conceive, beget.</p> + +<p>Kynned, kindled, <a href="poems.html#clean_line912">B. 915</a>. +O.N. <i>kynda</i>.</p> + +<p>Kynneȝ, “alle kynneȝ = of every kind,” <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1028">A. 1028</a>.</p> + +<p>Kyntly = kyndly, naturally, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line688">A. +690</a>.</p> + +<p>Kyppe, take up, seize, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1508">B. +1510</a>. Prov.E. <i>kep</i>. O.N. <i>kippa</i>. A.S. +<span class="pagenum">163b</span> +<a name="page163b" id="page163b"> </a> +<i>cépan</i>. See Robt. of Glouc. 125. Havelok the Dane, 2407. +“<i>Kyppyn’</i> idem quod <i>Hynton</i>;” “<i>Kyppynge</i> or +<i>hyntynge</i> (<i>hentynge</i>, K. P.), Raptus.” (Prompt. +Parv.)</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Kyrk,<br> +Kyrke,</td> +<td><p>church, temple, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1060">A. +1061</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1268">B. 1270</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Kyryous = curious, careful, particular, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1108">B. 1109</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Kyst,<br> +Kyste,</td> +<td><p>chest, ark, <a href="poems.html#clean_line448">A. 449</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1436">1438</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line156">B. 159</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Kyþe, show, exhibit, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line356">A. 356</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line848">A. 851</a>, acknowledge, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1368">B. 1368</a>. A.S. <i>cíthan</i>, to make +known.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Ye <i>kyþe</i> me suche kyndnes,”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 557.)</p> +</div> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Kyþ,<br> +Kyþe,</td> +<td><p>city, land, region, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1196">A. +1198</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line412">A. 414</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line568">571</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line900">901</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line912">912</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line16">B. 18</a>. A.S. <i>cyth</i>, +a region, home, native place.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Ther was a kyng in þat coste þat þe <i>kithe</i> ought.”</p> +<p class="author">(<ins class="correction" title="text has T. B.,">T. B.</ins> 103.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Kyþyn (<i>gen. pl.</i> of <i>kyþe</i>), of cities, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1364">B. 1366</a>.</p> + + +<p class="letterhead"> +<a name="gloss_L" id="gloss_L" href="#glossary">L</a></p> + +<p>Labour, <i>sb.</i> <a href="poems.html#pearl_line632">A. 634</a>; +<i>vb.</i> <a href="poems.html#pearl_line504">A. 504</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +<a name="gloss_lache" id="gloss_lache">Lache</a>,<br> +Lachche,</td> +<td><p>= latch, take, receive, <a href="poems.html#clean_line164">A. +166</a>; <i>lached</i>, received, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1184">A. 1186</a>; taken, <a href="poems.html#patience_line264">A. 266</a>; reach, <a href="poems.html#patience_line320">C. 322</a>; “<i>lach</i> out,” take +away, <a href="poems.html#patience_line424">B. 425</a>. A.S. +<i>læccan</i>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Lad, led, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line800">A. 801</a>.</p> + +<p>Ladde = lad, man (of inferior station), <a href="poems.html#clean_line36">A. 36</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line152">B. 154</a>. O.H.G. <i>laz</i>, libertinus. +Ger. <i>lasse</i>. Du. <i>laete</i>, a peasant.</p> + +<p>Ladde-borde, larboard, <a href="poems.html#patience_line104">C. +106</a>.</p> + +<p>Laddres, ladders, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1776">B. +1777</a>.</p> + +<p>Lade, led, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1144">A. 1146</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">164</span> +<a name="page164" id="page164"> </a> + +<p>Ladyly, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line772">A. 774</a>.</p> + +<p>Ladyschyp, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line576">A. 578</a>.</p> + +<p>Lafte, left, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1004">B. 1004</a>.</p> + +<p>Laften, (<i>3d pers. pl. pret.</i>) left, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line620">A. 622</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line404">C. 405</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Lake,<br> +Llak,</td> +<td><p>lake, deep, <a href="poems.html#clean_line436">B. 438</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line536">536</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Lakke, sin against, abuse, <a href="poems.html#clean_line720">B. +723</a>. Dan. and Sw. <i>lak</i>, fault, vice. Dan. <i>lakke</i>, decay, +decline.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Lalled,<br> +Laled,</td> +<td><p>spoke, <a href="poems.html#clean_line152">B. 153</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line912">913</a>. Dan. <i>lalle</i>, to prattle. +Bavarian <i>lallen</i>, to speak thick, talk. Gr. <span class="greek" +title="lalein">λαλειν</span>, to talk.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Lance, take, <a href="poems.html#patience_line348">C. 350</a>.</p> + +<p>Langage, language, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1556">B. +1556</a>.</p> + +<p>Langour, sorrow, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line356">A. 357</a>.</p> + +<p>Lansed (? <i>laused</i>), uttered, <a href="poems.html#clean_line668">A. 668</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line488">B. 489</a>. <i>Launch</i>, in the dialect +of Worcestershire, signifies to cry out, groan.</p> + +<p>Lansed, ? quaked, <a href="poems.html#clean_line956">B. +957</a>.</p> + +<p>Lanteȝ (? <i>lanceȝ</i>), lentest, gavest, <a href="poems.html#clean_line348">B. 348</a>.</p> + +<p>Lantyrne, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1044">A. 1047</a>.</p> + +<p>Lape, lap, taste, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1432">B. 1434</a>. +<i>Lape</i>, lape, taste (Baker’s Northampton Glossary).</p> + +<p>Lappe, <i>sb.</i> <a href="poems.html#pearl_line200">A. 201</a>. +A.S. <i>læppa</i>, border, hem. “<i>Lappe</i>, skyrte (<i>lappe</i>, +barme, K.). Gremium.” (Prompt. Parv.)</p> +<p class="quotation"> +“The word <i>lap</i>, according to many ancient writers, signified the +skirt of a garment. Thus G. de Bibelsworth says,</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>‘Car par deuant avez eskours (<i>lappes</i>),</p> +<p>Et d’en costé sont vos girouns (sidgoren).’</p> +</div> +<p class="quotation">It denoted, likewise, the hinder skirt.” (Way in +Prompt. Parv.)</p> + +<span class="pagenum">164b</span> +<a name="page164b" id="page164b"> </a> + +<p>Lapped, folded, clothed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line172">B. +175</a>. See T. B. 236.</p> + +<p>Lasched, <a href="poems.html#clean_line704">B. 707</a>. ? became +hot, lascivious.</p> + +<p>Lasned = lessened, made smaller, <a href="poems.html#clean_line436">B. 438</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line440">441</a>.</p> + +<p>Lasse, less, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line596">A. 599</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line600">600</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1640">B. 1640</a>.</p> + +<p>Laste, follow, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1144">A. 1146</a>; +<a href="poems.html#patience_line320">C. 320</a>. A.S. <i>last</i>, +footstep. Goth, <i>laistjan</i>, to follow after.</p> + +<p>Laste, fault, crime, <a href="poems.html#patience_line196">C. +198</a>.</p> + +<p>Lastes, becomes faulty, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1140">B. +1141</a>. Dan. <i>last</i>, vice, fault. O.N. <i>löstr</i>. S.Sax. +<i>last</i>, calumny, blame. Icel. <i>last</i>. Ger. <i>lästerung</i>, +slander.</p> + +<p>Lat, slow, late, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1172">B. 1172</a>. +A.S. <i>læt</i>, slow, late. Cf. <i>“lat</i>-a foot, slow in moving.” +(Wilbraham’s Cheshire Glossary.)</p> + +<p>Laþe, to invite, <a href="poems.html#clean_line80">B. 81</a>. A.S. +<i>lathian</i>. O.Sax. <i>lathian</i>. O.N. <i>lada</i>. Prov.E. +<i>lathe</i>, to invite. A.S. <i>lathu</i>, invitation. N.Prov.E. +<i>lathing</i>, invitation.</p> + +<p>Lauce, loosen, do away with (?), <a href="poems.html#clean_line1588">B. 1589</a>.</p> + +<p>Laue, law, <a href="poems.html#clean_line720">B. 723</a>.</p> + +<p>Lauande, pouring, flowing, <a href="poems.html#clean_line364">B. +366</a>.</p> + +<p>Laue, pour out, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line604">A. 607</a>; +<a href="poems.html#patience_line152">C. 154</a>. A.S. <i>lafian</i>.</p> + +<p>Launceȝ, branches (of trees), <a href="poems.html#pearl_line976">A. +978</a>.</p> + +<p>Launde, an open space between woods, a park; <i>lawn</i>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1000">B. 1000</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1204">1207</a>. “<i>Saltus</i> a lawnd.” +(Nominale MS.) Welsh <i>llan</i>. “<i>Lawnde</i> of a wode. +Saltus.” (Prompt. Parv.) “<i>Indago</i>, a parke, a huntynge +place, or a <i>launde</i>.” (Ortus.) “<i>Lande</i>, a <i>land</i> +or <i>launde</i>, a wild untilled +<span class="pagenum">165</span> +<a name="page165" id="page165"> </a> +shrubbie or bushy plaine.” (Cotg.) O.Fr. <i>lande</i>, saltus.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Sythyne [he] wente into Wales wyth his wyes alle;</p> +<p>Sweys into Swaldye with his snelle houndes,</p> +<p>For to hunt at the hartes in thas hye <i>laundes</i>.”</p> +<p class="author">(Morte Arthure, p. 6.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Lawe, hill, <a href="poems.html#clean_line992">B. 992</a>. Sc. +<i>law</i>. A.S. <i>hlæw</i>, mound, mount. Goth. <i>hlaiw</i>.</p> + +<p>Lawles, <a href="poems.html#patience_line168">C. 170</a>.</p> + +<p>Lay, put down, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1648">B. 1650</a>.</p> + +<p>Layke, <i>sb.</i> sport, play, amusement, <a href="poems.html#clean_line120">B. 122</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1052">1053</a>.</p> + +<p>Layke, <i>vb.</i> to play, <a href="poems.html#clean_line872">B. +872</a>. A.S. <i>lác</i>, play; <i>lácan</i>, to play.</p> + +<p>Layke, device, <a href="poems.html#clean_line272">A. 274</a>; +<a href="poems.html#patience_line400">B. 401</a>.</p> + +<p>Layned, kept secret, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line244">A. 244</a>. +N.Prov.E. <i>lane</i>, to hide. O.N. <i>leyna</i>.</p> + +<p>Layth, vile, evil, <a href="poems.html#patience_line400">C. +401</a>. A.S. <i>láth</i>, evil, harm; <i>láth</i>, hateful, evil; +“<i>laithe</i> hurtes,” T. B. 1351.</p> + +<p>Layte, seek, search, <a href="poems.html#clean_line96">B. 97</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1768">1768</a>. N.Prov.E. <i>late</i>. +Icel. <i>leita</i>. Sw. <i>leta</i>, to look for; “<i>laytyng</i> +aboute,” T. B. 2348.</p> + +<p>Laȝares, lepers, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1092">B. +1093</a>.</p> + +<p>Laȝe, laugh, <a href="poems.html#clean_line652">B. 653</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line660">661</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Laȝte,<br> +Laȝt,</td> +<td><p>= laught, took, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1128">A. +1128</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1204">1205</a>. See <a href="#gloss_lache"><i>Lache</i></a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Le, shelter, <a href="poems.html#patience_line276">C. 277</a>. A.S. +<i>hleo</i>, shade, shelter. Cf. T. B. 2806. O.N. <i>hlja</i>, to +protect. Cf. <i>Leeside</i> = the sheltered side of a ship.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“—— thar I the tell</p> +<p>Is the richt place and sted for ȝour cite,</p> +<p>And of ȝour travell ferm hald to rest in <i>le</i>.”</p> +<p class="author">(G. Doug. vol. i. p. 152.)</p> + +<span class="pagenum">165b</span> +<a name="page165b" id="page165b"> </a> + +<p>“Þe wicked alsua þe gode sal se,</p> +<p>Wit-in þair gamen stad and gle,</p> +<p>Þat þai þe sorfuller sal be,</p> +<p>Þat losen folili has þat <i>le</i>.” (<i>i.e.</i>, heaven).</p> +<p class="author">(“De Penis,” quoted in “Hampole’s Pricke of +Conscience,” l. 4, p. xii.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Leauty, loyalty, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1172">B. +1172</a>.</p> + +<p>Lebarde, leopard, <a href="poems.html#clean_line536">B. +536</a>.</p> + +<p>Lecherye, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1348">B. 1350</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Led,<br> +<a name="gloss_lede" id="gloss_lede">Lede</a>,</td> +<td><p>man, person, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line540">A. 542</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line412">B. 412</a>. A.S. <i>leód</i>, +man.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Led,<br> +Leede,</td> +<td><p>people, nation, <a href="poems.html#clean_line688">B. 691</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line772">772</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line908">909</a>. A.S. <i>leóde</i>, people, +folk.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Ledden = leden, sound, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line876">A. +878</a>. Chaucer uses the word <i>leden</i> in the sense of +<i>speech</i>, <i>language</i>. A.S. <i>hlyd</i>. O.N. <i>hliod</i>, +a sound.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_ledisch" id="gloss_ledisch">Ledisch</a>, national, +pertaining to a people or country, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1556">B. 1556</a>. S.Sax. <i>leodisce</i>. See +<a href="#gloss_lede"><i>Lede</i></a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Leef,<br> +Lef,</td> +<td><p><i>adj.</i> dear, precious; <i>sb.</i> dear one, wife, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line264">A. 266</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line416">418</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line772">B. 772</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line936">939</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1064">1066</a>. A.S. <i>leóf</i>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Lefly, dear, beloved, <a href="poems.html#clean_line976">B. +977</a>. A.S. <i>leóflíc</i>.</p> + +<p>Lefsel, bower, house formed of leaves, <a href="poems.html#patience_line448">C. 448</a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“By a lauryel ho (Dame Gaynour) lay, vndur a <i>lefe-sale</i>,</p> +<p>Of box and of barberè, byggyt ful bene.”</p> +<p class="author">(The Anturs of Arther in Robson’s Met. Rom. p. 3, +vi. 5.)</p> +<p>“With <i>lefsales</i> uppon lofte lustie and faire.”</p> +<p class="author"> +(T. B. 337.)</p> +</div> +<p class="continue"> +A.S. <i>leaf</i>, a leaf, and <i>sel</i>, dwelling, hall. Sw. <ins class="correction" title="ö printed as small e over o"><i>löfsal</i></ins>, a hut built of green boughs. <i>Levesel</i> +(another form of <i>lefsel</i>) is used +<span class="pagenum">166</span> +<a name="page166" id="page166"> </a> +by Chaucer (Reve’s Tale, 4059), but is left unexplained in the glossary +to Wright’s edition. Tyrwhitt’s derivation of this term from A.S. +<i>lefe</i>, folium, and <i>setl</i>, sedes, is certainly very near the +mark. Cf. “<i>levecel</i> beforne a wyndowe, or other place. +Umbraculum.” (Prompt. Parv.)</p> + +<p>Lege, liege, subject, <a href="poems.html#clean_line92">B. 94</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1172">1174</a>.</p> + +<p>Legioune, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1120">A. 1121</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1292">B. 1293</a>.</p> + +<p>Lel, true, <a href="poems.html#clean_line424">B. 425</a>. “Leve +this for <i>lell</i>.” T. B. 239.</p> + +<p>Lelly, truly, faithfully, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line304">A. +305</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1064">B. 1066</a>. See +T. B. 420.</p> + +<p>Leme, glide away, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line356">A. +358</a>.</p> + +<p>Leme, shine, gleam, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line116">A. 119</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line1040">1043</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1272">B. 1273</a>. A.S. <i>leóma</i>, a ray +of light; <i>leóman</i>, to shine. See T. B. 699.</p> + +<p>Lemman = leof-man, beloved one, mistress, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line760">A. 763</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line796">796</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line804">805</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1352">B. 1352</a>. A.S. <i>leóf</i>, dear, +and <i>man</i>. O.E. <i>leofmon</i>, a lover.</p> + +<p>Lene, grant, <a href="poems.html#patience_line344">C. 347</a>. A.S. +<i>lænian.</i></p> + +<p>Lenge, dwell, abide, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line260">A. 261</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line932">933</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line80">A. 81</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line412">412</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line496">497</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line992">994</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line40">B. 42</a>. See T. B. 1937.</p> + +<p>Lenger, longer, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line600">A. 600</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line976">977</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line808">A. 810</a>; <i>lengest</i>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line256">B. 256</a>.</p> + +<p>Lenghe, length, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line416">A. 416</a>.</p> + +<p>Lent (<i>pret.</i> of <i>lend</i>), abode, dwelt, <a href="poems.html#clean_line256">A. 256</a>; <i>watȝ lent</i>, had dwelt, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1084">B. 1084</a>.</p> + +<p>Lent, arrived, <a href="poems.html#patience_line200">C. 201</a>. +A.S. <i>gelandian</i>, to land, arrive.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Langour <i>lent</i> is in land, all lychtnes is lost.”</p> +<p class="author">(G. Douglas, vol. i. p. 447.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Lenþe, length, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1028">A. 1031</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line424">B. 425</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1592">1594</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">166b</span> +<a name="page166b" id="page166b"> </a> + +<p>Lep, leaped, <a href="poems.html#patience_line176">C. 179</a>.</p> + +<p>Lere, to teach, <a href="poems.html#clean_line840">B. 843</a>. A.S. +<i>læran</i></p> + +<p>Lere, reward, ? <i>here</i>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line616">A. +616</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Ler,<br> +Lere,</td> +<td><p>countenance, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line396">A. 398</a>; +<i>pl.</i> <i>lers</i>, features, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1540">B. 1542</a> A.S. <i>hleor</i>. See +T. B. 480.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p><a name="gloss_lese" id="gloss_lese">Lese</a>, false, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line864">A. 865</a>. See <a href="#gloss_lese"><i>Lese</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Lesande, loosening, opening, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line836">A. +837</a>. O.E. <i>lese</i>, <i>les</i>, to loose. Goth. +<i>lausjan</i>.</p> + +<p>Lese, false, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1716">B. 1719</a>. A.S. +<i>leas</i>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Lest,<br> +Leste,</td> +<td><p>lost, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line8">A. 9</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line884">B. 887</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Lesyng, <i>sb.</i> lie, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line896">A. +897</a>. A.S. <i>leasung</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_lethe" id="gloss_lethe">Leþe</a>, assuage, lessen, +cease, bate, cool. <a href="poems.html#pearl_line376">A. 377</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line648">A. 648</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience">B. 3</a>. A.S. <i>leothian</i>, to release, +slacken. See Met. Hom. p. 135.</p> + +<p>Leþe, <i>sb.</i> calm, <a href="poems.html#patience_line160">C. +160</a>. N.Prov.E. <i>leath</i>, rest, quiet. Stratmann compares O.Du. +<i>lede</i>, ease, <i>leath</i>.</p> + +<p>Lether, leather, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1580">B. +1581</a>.</p> + +<p>Lette, hinder, prevent, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1048">A. +1050</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1800">B. 1803</a>.</p> + +<p>Letter, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1580">B. 1580</a>.</p> + +<p>Lettrure, letters, learning, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line748">A. +751</a>.</p> + +<p>Leue, “<i>aske leue</i>,” <a href="poems.html#pearl_line316">A. +316</a>; “<i>take leue</i>,” <a href="poems.html#clean_line400">B. +401</a>.</p> + +<p>Leue, forsake, <a href="poems.html#patience_line400">C. +401</a>.</p> + +<p>Leue, believe, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line68">A. 69</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line864">865</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line876">876</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1492">B. 1493</a>.</p> + +<p>Leued, leaved, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line976">A. 978</a>.</p> + +<p>Lewed, ignorant, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1580">B. 1580</a>. +A.S. <i>leóde</i>, <i>leúd</i>, the people.</p> + +<p>Lik, to lick, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1000">B. 1000</a>.</p> + +<p>Likke, sip, drink, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1520">B. +1521</a>.</p> + +<p>Liureȝ, dresses, garments, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1108">A. +1108</a>. O.Fr. <i>livree</i>.</p> + +<p>Lode, lot, <a href="poems.html#patience_line156">C. 156</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">167</span> +<a name="page167" id="page167"> </a> + +<p>Lode, course, conduct, guidance, <a href="poems.html#patience_line504">C. 504</a>. A.S. <i>lád</i>, <i>ládu</i>, +way. O.N. <i>leid</i>, course. Cf. <i>lode</i>, a way for +water.</p> + +<p>Lodesmon, conductor, pilot, <a href="poems.html#clean_line424">A. +424</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line176">B. 179</a>. A.S. +<i>ládman</i>, a leader.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Lodly,<br> +Lodlych,</td> +<td><p>loathsome, hateful, vile, <a href="poems.html#clean_line272">B. +274</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1088">1090</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1092">1093</a>. N.Prov.E. <i>laidly</i>, ugly, +foul. A.S. <i>láthlíc</i>, odious, detestable.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“He laid on þat <i>loodly</i>, lettyd he noght.” (T. B. 934.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Lofly, dear, lovely, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1804">B. +1804</a>.</p> + +<p>Lofte, “<i>upon lofte</i>,” on high, <a href="poems.html#clean_line204">B. 206</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line316">318</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line808">808</a>. O.N. <i>lopt</i>, sky, air.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Loge,<br> +Logge,</td> +<td><p>tent, lodge, <a href="poems.html#clean_line784">A. 784</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line804">807</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1404">1407</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line456">B. 457</a>. Fr. <i>loge</i>, a hut. +See T. B. 1140, 1369.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Logging, lodging, <a href="poems.html#clean_line884">B. +887</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +<a name="gloss_loghe" id="gloss_loghe">Loghe</a>,<br> +Loȝ,</td> +<td><p>= low, lau, pit, deep, abyss, <a href="poems.html#clean_line364">B. 366</a>. O.N. <i>lagr</i>. Sw. <i>låg</i>, +low.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Lokande, looking, <a href="poems.html#patience_line456">C. +458</a>.</p> + +<p>Loke = loken, enclosed, <a href="poems.html#patience_line348">C. +350</a>.</p> + +<p>Loke, guard, watch over, <a href="poems.html#patience_line504">C. +504</a>.</p> + +<p>Lokyng, <i>sb.</i> sight, looking, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1048">A. 1049</a>.</p> + +<p>Loltrande, ? <i>loitrande</i>, lolling, loitering, <a href="poems.html#patience_line456">C. 458</a>. Du. <i>loteren</i>, to loiter. +O.N. <i>lotra</i>, to go lazily.</p> + +<p>Lombe, lamb, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line840">A. 841</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1044">1047</a>.</p> + +<p>Lome, lame, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1092">B. 1094</a>.</p> + +<p>Lome, vessel, instrument of any kind; (1) ark; (2) boat, <a href="poems.html#clean_line312">A. 314</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line412">412</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line440">443</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line160">B. 160</a>. A.S. <i>gelóma</i>, +<i>lóma</i>.</p> + +<p>Lomerande, hesitating, creeping, +<span class="pagenum">167b</span> +<a name="page167b" id="page167b"> </a> +B. 1094. This term seems to be connected with <i>lumber</i>. O.E. +<i>lumer</i>, <i>lomer</i>, to move heavily. O.Du. <i>lammer</i>, +<i>lemmer</i>, impedimentum, molestia. (Kil.) Dan. <i>belemre</i>. Du. +<i>belemmern</i>, to encumber, impede.</p> + +<p>Lompe, lamp, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1044">A. 1046</a>.</p> + +<p>Londe, land, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line148">A. 148</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line936">937</a>.</p> + +<p>Lone, path, lane, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1064">A. 1066</a>. +N.Prov.E. <i>lone</i>, <i>lannin</i>. Fris. <i>lona</i>, <i>lana</i>, +a narrow way between gardens and houses. Is it connected with O.N. +<i>leyna</i>, to hide, conceal?</p> + +<p>Longande, belonging, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line460">A. +462</a>.</p> + +<p>Longed, belonged, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1088">B. 1090</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1744">1747</a>.</p> + +<p>Lont, land, <a href="poems.html#patience_line320">C. 322</a>.</p> + +<p>Lopen (<i>p.p.</i> of <i>lepe</i>, to leap), leapt, <a href="poems.html#clean_line988">B. 990</a>.</p> + +<p>Lore, wisdom, learning, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1556">B. +1556</a>. A.S. <i>lár</i>.</p> + +<p>Lore, mode, wise, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line236">A. +236</a>.</p> + +<p>Lorn, lost, destroyed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line932">B. +932</a>.</p> + +<p>Los, loss, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1588">B. 1589</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_lose" id="gloss_lose">Lose</a>, destroy, <a href="poems.html#clean_line908">A. 909</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line196">C. 198</a>; depart, be lost, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line908">B. 908</a>.</p> + +<p>Losed, lost, <a href="poems.html#clean_line584">B. 586</a>.</p> + +<p>Losyng, perdition, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1028">B. +1031</a>.</p> + +<p>Losynger, <i>sb.</i> liar, deceiver. O.Fr. <i>losengier</i>.</p> + +<p class="bracket"> +Lot,<br> +<a name="gloss_lote" id="gloss_lote">Lote</a>,</p> +<p>sound, noise, roar, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line876">A. 876</a>; +<a href="poems.html#patience_line160">C. 161</a>, <a href="poems.html#patience_line180">183</a>; word, <a href="poems.html#clean_line668">B. 668</a>. Sw. <i>låta</i>, to sound; +<i>låt</i>, sound; <i>låte</i>, cry, voice. A.S. <i>hleóthor</i>, +a sound, noise. O.E. <i>lud</i>, voice. The original form of the +word is <i>late</i>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Than have we liking to lithe (listen to) the <i>lates</i> of the +foules.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 149.)</p> + +<span class="pagenum">168</span> +<a name="page168" id="page168"> </a> + +<p>“(He) <i>late</i> so lathely a <i>late</i> and sa loude cried</p> +<p>That all the fest was aferd and othire folke bathe.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 17.)</p> +<p>“He gaped, he groned faste, with grucchande <i>latez</i>.”</p> +<p class="author">(Morte Arthure, p. 90.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Lote = late, countenance, feature, form, manner, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line896">A. 899</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line44">C. 47</a>. This word occurs in Laȝamon +under the form <i>late</i>, looks, glances. Glossarial remarks to +Laȝamon, p. 449. <i>Lete</i>, countenance, is found in the Owl and +Nightingale, 35, 403. A.S. <i>wlite</i>. O.N. <i>læti</i>.</p> + +<p>Lote, lot, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1204">A. 1205</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line172">C. 173</a>.</p> + +<p>Lote = lout, bow, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line236">A. 238</a>. +A.S. <i>lútan</i>, to bend, bow, stoop. Sw. <i>luta</i>. See <ins class="correction" title="text has T. B.,">T. B.</ins> 1900.</p> + +<p>Loþe, <i>sb.</i> sorrow, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line376">A. +377</a>. A.S. <i>láth</i>, evil, harm.</p> + +<p>Loþelych, wicked, bad, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1348">B. +1350</a>.</p> + +<p>Loute, abide, sit, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line932">A. +933</a>.</p> + +<p>Loute, bow, make obeisance. <a href="poems.html#clean_line796">B. +798</a>. See <a href="#gloss_lote"><i>Lote</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Louande, praising, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1716">B. +1719</a>.</p> + +<p>Loue, praise, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line284">A. 285</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line1124">1124</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1124">1127</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line496">B. 497</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line984">987</a>. A.S. <i>lofian</i>.</p> + +<p>Loueȝ, hands, <a href="poems.html#clean_line984">B. 987</a>. +N.Prov.E. <i>leuf</i>, palm of the hand, and hence used for the hand +itself. <i>Palm</i> is used for the hand in early English authors. O.N. +<i>lofi</i>. Sc. <i>loof</i>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“(He) held the letter in his <i>love</i>.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 71.)</p> +<p>“——he takis</p> +<p>The licor in his awen (one) <i>loove</i>,</p> +<p>the letter in the tothire.”</p> +<p class="author">(<i>Ibid.</i> l. 2569.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Loueloker, more lovely, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line148">A. +148</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">168b</span> +<a name="page168b" id="page168b"> </a> + +<p>Lovne, offer (advice), propose, <a href="poems.html#patience_line172">C. 173</a>. N.Prov.E. <i>loave</i>, +<i>loff</i>, to offer. O.N. <i>lofa</i>, promise, praise. Du. +<i>looven</i>. Flem. <i>loven</i>, estimate. Cf. “<i>Lovon</i> and bedyn +as chapmen, Licitor.” (Prompt. Parv.)</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_louy" id="gloss_louy">Louy</a>, love, <a href="poems.html#clean_line840">B. 841</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1052">1053</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket four"> +Louely,<br> +Louyely,<br> +Louyly,<br> +Louelych,</td> +<td><p>lovely, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line564">A. 565</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line692">693</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1484">B. 1486</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Lowe, flame; “<i>luf lowe</i>,” flame of love, <a href="poems.html#clean_line704">B. 707</a>. O.E. <i>logh</i> (see T. B. +168) “the <i>lowe hot</i>,” T. B. 494.</p> + +<p>Lowkande, locking, shutting, <a href="poems.html#clean_line440">B. +441</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Loȝ,<br> +Loȝe,</td> +<td><p>the deep, pit, sea, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line116">A. +119</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line440">A. 441</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1028">1031</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line228">B. 230</a>. See <a href="#gloss_loghe"><i>Loghe</i></a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Loȝ, Loȝe, low, <a href="poems.html#clean_line796">B. 798</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1760">1761</a>.</p> + +<p>Loȝed, made low, abased, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1648">B. +1650</a>.</p> + +<p>Loȝen, laughed (<i>3rd pers. pl. pret.</i> of <i>laȝe</i>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line492">B. 495</a>.</p> + +<p>Loȝly, humbly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line612">B. 614</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line744">745</a>.</p> + +<p>Luche, pitch, throw, <a href="poems.html#patience_line228">C. +230</a>. N.Prov.E. <i>lutch</i>, to pulsate strongly. W. <i>lluchio</i>, +to fling, throw violently. Stratmann suggests A.S. <i>lyccan</i>, pull, +lutch.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Ludych,<br> +Ludisch,</td> +<td><p>national, <a href="poems.html#clean_line72">B. 73</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1372">1375</a>. See <a href="#gloss_ledisch"><i>Ledisch</i></a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Luf, <i>gen. sing.</i>, of love, <a href="poems.html#clean_line704">B. 707</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket three"> +Lufly,<br> +Luflych,<br> +Luflyly,</td> +<td><p>lovely, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line880">A. 880</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line80">A. 81</a>; 939; <a href="poems.html#patience_line416">B. 419</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Lufsoum, <i>sb.</i> lovesome, beloved one, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line396">A. 398</a>.</p> + +<p>Luged, was pulled, <a href="poems.html#clean_line440">B. 443</a>. +O.N. <i>lugga</i>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">169</span> +<a name="page169" id="page169"> </a> + +<p>Lulted, sounded, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1204">B. 1207</a>. +O.N. <i>lulla</i>, to lull, sing to sleep. Cf. “<i>lullit</i> on slepe,” +T. B. 648. Ger. <i>lallen</i>, to sing without words, only +repeating the syllable <i>la</i>. N.Prov.E. <i>lilt</i>, to sing with a +loud voice; <i>lilt</i>, a song.</p> + +<p>Luly-whit, lilly-white, <a href="poems.html#clean_line976">B. +977</a>.</p> + +<p>Lumpen, befallen, <a href="poems.html#clean_line424">B. 424</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1320">1320</a>. See <a href="#gloss_lympe"><i>Lympe</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Lur, loss, <a href="poems.html#patience_line416">C. 419</a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“What <i>lure</i> is of my lyfe & I lyffe here.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 582.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Lureȝ, losses, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line336">A. 339</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line356">358</a>. A.S. <i>lyre</i>, +<i>lor</i>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Lurke,<br> +Lurkke,</td> +<td><p><a href="poems.html#pearl_line976">A. 978</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line276">C. 277</a>. See T. B. 1140.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Lusty, <a href="poems.html#clean_line980">B. 981</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_luther" id="gloss_luther">Luther</a>, bad, wicked, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line160">A. 163</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1088">1090</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line156">B. 156</a>. A.S. <i>lyther</i>.</p> + +<p>Luuy, love. See <a href="#gloss_louy"><i>Louy</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Lyf, life, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1716">B. 1719</a>.</p> + +<p>Lyflode, sustenance in life, <a href="poems.html#clean_line560">B. +561</a>. A.S. <i>lif-láde</i>, from <i>lád</i>, a way.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Lyft,<br> +Lyfte,</td> +<td><p>heavens, firmament, sky, <a href="poems.html#clean_line212">B. +212</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line364">366</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1356">1356</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1448">1448</a>. A.S. <i>lyft</i>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Lyftande, lifting, rising, <a href="poems.html#clean_line440">B. +443</a>.</p> + +<p>Lyfte, raised, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line564">A. 567</a>.</p> + +<p>Lyfte, left, <a href="poems.html#clean_line980">B. 981</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1580">1581</a>.</p> + +<p>Lygge, lie, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1124">B. 1126</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1792">1792</a>. A.S. <i>licgan</i>.</p> + +<p>Lyke, <i>vb. impers.</i> please, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line564">A. 566</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line36">B. 36</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line408">411</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line692">693</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1644">1646</a>.</p> + +<p>Lyke, <i>adj.</i> pleasing, <a href="poems.html#patience_line40">C. +42</a>.</p> + +<p>Lykker, more like, <a href="poems.html#patience_line492">C. +493</a>.</p> + +<p>Lykneȝ, likens, compares, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line500">A. +500</a>; is like, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1064">B. 1064</a>.</p> + +<p>Lyknyng, <i>sb.</i> likeness, <a href="poems.html#patience_line28">C. 30</a>.</p> + +<p>Lykoreȝ, liquors, drinks, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1520">B. +1521</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">169b</span> +<a name="page169b" id="page169b"> </a> + +<p>Lykyng, <i>sb.</i> pleasure, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line244">A. +247</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line172">B. 172</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1800">1803</a>. See T. B. 2912.</p> + +<p>Lylled, flourished, shone, <a href="poems.html#patience_line444">C. +447</a>. N.Prov.E. <i>lilli-lo</i>, a bright flame. Cf. Mod. Gr. +<span class="greek" title="louloudi">λουλούδι</span>, +a blossom; <span class="greek" title="louloudiazô">λουλουδιαζω</span>, to flourish, bloom. Is <i>lylle</i>, +to flourish, connected with the word <i>lilly</i>?</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_lympe" id="gloss_lympe">Lympe</a>, befall, happen, +<a href="poems.html#patience_line172">C. 174</a>, <a href="poems.html#patience_line192">194</a>. See T. B. 36. A.S. +<i>limpan</i>, to happen, concern.</p> + +<p>Lyne, lineage, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line624">A. 626</a>.</p> + +<p>Lynne, linen, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line728">A. 731</a>.</p> + +<p>Lyre, flesh, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1684">B. 1687</a>. A.S. +<i>lira</i>.</p> + +<p>Lysoun, trace, <a href="poems.html#clean_line884">B. 887</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Lyst,<br> +Lyste,</td> +<td><p><i>sb.</i> pleasure, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line464">A. +467</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line908">908</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line840">A. 843</a>; lust, <a href="poems.html#clean_line692">A. 693</a>; <i>vb.</i> desire, please, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line144">A. 146</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line412">B. 415</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1764">1766</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Lyst, path, border, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1760">B. +1761</a>. Du. <i>lijst</i>, edge, border.</p> + +<p>Lysten, to hear, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line880">A. 880</a>.</p> + +<p>Lysten, hearing, <a href="poems.html#clean_line584">B. 586</a>. +A.S. <i>hlist</i>, hearing; <i>hlistan</i>, to hear, listen. O.N. +<i>hlust</i>, an ear.</p> + +<p>Lyte, little, <a href="poems.html#clean_line116">B. 119</a>.</p> + +<p>Lyth, limb, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line396">A. 398</a>. A.S. +<i>lith</i>.</p> + +<p>Lyþe, assuage, lessen, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line356">A. +357</a>. See <a href="#gloss_lethe"><i>Leþe</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Lyþe, grant, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line368">A. 369</a>.</p> + +<p>Lyþer, evil, wickedly, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line564">A. +567</a>. See <a href="#gloss_luther"><i>Luþer</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Lyþerly, badly, negligently, <a href="poems.html#clean_line36">B. +36</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Lyuie,<br> +Lyuy,</td> +<td><p>live, <a href="poems.html#clean_line556">A. 558</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line580">581</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line364">B. 364</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Lyuyande, living, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line700">A. +700</a>.</p> + +<p>Lyȝe, lie, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line304">A. 304</a>.</p> + +<p>Lyȝt, light, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line68">A. 69</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1040">1043</a>; bright, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line500">A. 500</a>; innocent, guiltless, pure, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line680">A. 682</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line984">B. 987</a>; <i>lette</i> +<span class="pagenum">170</span> +<a name="page170" id="page170"> </a> +<i>lyȝt</i>, esteem, treat lightly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1172">B. 1174</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1320">1320</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Lyȝt,<br> +Lyȝte,</td> +<td><p><i>vb.</i> to light, fall upon, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line244">A. 247</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line940">943</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line988">988</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line212">B. 213</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1068">1069</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Lyȝten, to lighten, <a href="poems.html#patience_line160">C. +160</a>.</p> + +<p>Lyȝtly, easily, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line356">A. 358</a>; +soon, quickly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line816">A. 817</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line852">853</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line88">C. 88</a>. Comp. <i>lyȝtloker</i>, <a href="poems.html#patience_line44">B. 47</a>.</p> + + +<p class="letterhead"> +<a name="gloss_M" id="gloss_M" href="#glossary">M</a></p> + +<p>Ma, make, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line280">A. 283</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line624">B. 625</a>.</p> + +<p>Ma, man (?), <a href="poems.html#pearl_line320">A. 323</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Mach,<br> +Machche,</td> +<td><p>= make, fellow, companion, <a href="poems.html#clean_line124">B. 124</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line692">695</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1512">1512</a>. See <a href="#gloss_make"><i>Make</i></a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Mache, to make familiar with, <a href="poems.html#patience_line96">C. 99</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Mad,<br> +Madde,</td> +<td><p>foolish, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line264">A. 267</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line288">290</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1164">1166</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line652">B. 654</a>. Prov. Ger. <i>maden</i>, to +tattle; <i>madeln</i>, to mutter.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Thi momlyng and thi <i>mad</i> wordes.”</p> +<p class="author">(See T. B. 1864.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Madde, <i>vb.</i> to render foolish, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line356">A. 359</a>.</p> + +<p>Maddyng, folly, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1152">A. +1154</a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“<i>Madding</i> marrid has thi mode, and thi mynd changid.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 121.)</p> +</div> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Mak,<br> +<a name="gloss_make" id="gloss_make">Make</a>,</td> +<td><p>= mach, match, equal, fellow, wife, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line756">A. 759</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line248">B. 248</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line328">331</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line992">994</a>. A.S. <i>maca</i>, a mate; +<i>mace</i>, a wife.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Þe king him (Joseph) did a wiif to tak,</p> +<p>Hight Assener, a doghti <i>mak</i>.”</p> +<p class="author">(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 27<i>a</i>.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Makeleȝ, matchless, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line432">A. 435</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line732">733</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line756">757</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line780">780</a>.</p> + +<p>Male, <a href="poems.html#clean_line336">B. 337</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line692">695</a>.</p> + +<p>Malicious, <a href="poems.html#patience_line508">C. 508</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">170b</span> +<a name="page170b" id="page170b"> </a> + +<p>Malscrande, accursed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line988">B. +991</a>.</p> + +<p>Malskred, bewildered, <a href="poems.html#patience_line252">C. +255</a>. Bosworth quotes “<i>malscra</i>, a bewitching,” upon the +authority of Somner.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Malt,<br> +<a name="gloss_malte" id="gloss_malte">Malte</a>,</td> +<td><p>ease, assuage, soothe, <a href="poems.html#clean_line776">B. +776</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1564">1566</a>. O.N. +<i>melta</i>, to dissolve.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Malte, discourse, speak, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line224">A. +224</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1152">1154</a>. A.S. +<i>mælan</i>, to speak, converse; <i>mathelian</i>, <i>mæthlan</i>, to +discourse.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Malyce,<br> +Malys,</td> +<td><p><a href="poems.html#clean_line248">A. 250</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line516">518</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line4">B. 4</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Man = maken (<i>3d pers. pl. pres.</i>), make, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line512">A. 512</a>.</p> + +<p>Manace, threaten, <a href="poems.html#patience_line420">C. +422</a>.</p> + +<p>Manayre, manor, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1028">A. +1029</a>.</p> + +<p>Mancioun, mansion, <a href="poems.html#clean_line308">B. +309</a>.</p> + +<p>Maner, manner, <a href="poems.html#clean_line700">B. 701</a>.</p> + +<p>Maner, manor, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line916">A. 918</a>.</p> + +<p>Manerly, properly, decently, <a href="poems.html#clean_line88">B. +91</a>.</p> + +<p>Mangerie, feast, <a href="poems.html#clean_line52">B. 52</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1364">1365</a>. Fr. <i>manger</i>, to eat, +from Lat. <i>manducare</i>.</p> + +<p>Mankyn, mankind, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line636">A. 637</a>.</p> + +<p>Mansed, cursed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line772">A. 774</a>; +<a href="poems.html#patience_line80">B. 82</a>. A.S. <i>a-mánsumian</i>, +to excommunicate.</p> + +<p>Mantyle, mantle, <a href="poems.html#patience_line340">C. +342</a>.</p> + +<p>Marchal, marshal, <a href="poems.html#clean_line88">B. 91</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line116">118</a>.</p> + +<p>Mare, more, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line144">A. 145</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Margary,<br> +Margyrye,</td> +<td><p>pearl, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line196">A. 199</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1036">1037</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line556">B. 556</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Marie, marry, <a href="poems.html#clean_line52">B. 52</a>.</p> + +<p>Marked, market, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line512">A. 513</a>.</p> + +<p>Marre, corrupt, spoil, destroy, perish, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line20">A. 23</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line276">A. 279</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line988">991</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line172">B. 172</a>, <a href="poems.html#patience_line472">474</a>. O.H.G. <i>marrjan</i>, to hinder, +make void. A.S. <i>merran</i>, +<span class="pagenum">171</span> +<a name="page171" id="page171"> </a> +<i>myrran</i>, to hinder. Du. <i>merren</i>, to obstruct.</p> + +<p>Marereȝ = marreȝ (?). <a href="poems.html#pearl_line380">A. +382</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Maryag,<br> +Maryage,</td> +<td><p><a href="poems.html#pearl_line412">A. 414</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line776">778</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line184">B. 186</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Maryed, married, <a href="poems.html#clean_line812">B. 815</a>.</p> + +<p>Marryng, <i>sb.</i> spoiling, preventing, <a href="poems.html#clean_line184">B. 186</a>.</p> + +<p>Marschal, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1424">B. 1427</a>.</p> + +<p>Maryners, <a href="poems.html#patience_line96">C. 99</a>.</p> + +<p>Mas, mass, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1112">A. 1115</a>.</p> + +<p>Mascelleȝ, spotless, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line732">A. +732</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_mascle" id="gloss_mascle">Mascle</a>, spot, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line724">A. 726</a>. Du. <i>maese</i>, +<i>masche</i>, <i>maschel</i>, a spot, stain; <i>maschelen</i>, to +stain.</p> + +<p>Mase (masse), astonishment, alarm, <a href="poems.html#clean_line392">B. 395</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket three"> +Maskeleȝ,<br> +Maskelles,<br> +Maskelleȝ,</td> +<td><p>spotless, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line744">A. 744</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line744">745</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line756">756</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line768">768</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Maskle, spot, stain, <a href="poems.html#clean_line556">B. 556</a>. +See <a href="#gloss_mascle"><i>Mascle</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Masporye (?), <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1016">A. 1018</a>.</p> + +<p>Mate, dejected, downcast, subdued, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line384">A. 386</a>. Fr. <i>mat</i>.</p> + +<p>Mate, to overcome, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line612">A. 613</a>. +Fr. <i>mater</i>. O.Fr. <i>amater</i>. Cf. Du. <i>mat</i>, exhausted, +overcome. Ger. <i>matt</i>, feeble, faint.</p> + +<p>Mater, subject, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1616">B. +1617</a>.</p> + +<p>Matere, matter, <a href="poems.html#patience_line500">C. +503</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket three"> +Maugre,<br> +Maugref,<br> +Mawgre,</td> +<td><p><a href="poems.html#patience_line44">C. 44</a>, <a href="poems.html#patience_line52">54</a>. Fr. <i>malgré</i>, in spite of, +against the will of; <i>mal</i>, ill; <i>gré</i>, will, pleasure. In +<a href="poems.html#clean_line248">B. 250</a> <i>mawgre</i> is used +as a <i>sb.</i> = displeasure.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Mawe, stomach, <a href="poems.html#patience_line252">C. 255</a>. +Ger. <i>magen</i>. Du. <i>maag</i>.</p> + +<p>May, maid. <a href="poems.html#pearl_line432">A. 435</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line780">780</a>. A.S. <i>mæg</i>.</p> + +<p>Maynful, great, powerful, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1092">A. +1093</a>; +<span class="pagenum">171b</span> +<a name="page171b" id="page171b"> </a> +B. 1730. A.S. <i>mægen</i>, power, force, strength. O.N. <i>megin</i>, +strength; <i>mega</i>, to be able.</p> + +<p>Maynly, loudly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1424">B. +1427</a>.</p> + +<p>Mayntnaunce, maintenance, <a href="poems.html#clean_line184">B. +186</a>.</p> + +<p>Mayntyne, maintain, <a href="poems.html#patience_line520">C. +523</a>.</p> + +<p>Mayster, master, lord, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line460">A. +462</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line900">900</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1792">B. 1793</a>.</p> + +<p>Maysterful, powerful, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line400">A. +401</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1328">B. 1328</a>.</p> + +<p>Maystery, mastery, <a href="poems.html#patience_line480">C. +482</a>.</p> + +<p>Maȝt, power, <a href="poems.html#patience_line112">C. 112</a>. +Goth. <i>mahts</i>. Ger. <i>macht</i>, might, power.</p> + +<p>Maȝty, mighty, <a href="poems.html#clean_line272">B. 273</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line276">279</a>.</p> + +<p>Maȝtyly, mightily, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1264">B. +1267</a>.</p> + +<p>Mede = meed, reward, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1632">B. +1632</a>.</p> + +<p>Medoes, meadows, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1760">B. +1761</a>.</p> + +<p>Megre, meagre, lean, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1196">B. +1198</a>. Fr. <i>maigre</i>. Lat. <i>macer</i>, lean.</p> + +<p>Mekne, make meek, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1328">B. +1328</a>.</p> + +<p>Mele, meal, <a href="poems.html#clean_line624">B. 625</a>.</p> + +<p>Mele, <i>sb.</i> discourse, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line20">A. +23</a>.</p> + +<p>Mele, <i>vb.</i> to talk, relate, say, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line496">A. 497</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line588">589</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line736">A. 736</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line8">B. 10</a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“To <i>mele</i> of this mater.” (T. B. 209.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Melle, speak, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line796">A. 797</a>. See +<a href="#gloss_malte"><i>Malte</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Membreȝ, members, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line456">A. +458</a>.</p> + +<p>Mendes, amends, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line348">A. 351</a>.</p> + +<p>Mendyng, <i>sb.</i> improvement, repentance, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line452">A. 452</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line764">B. 764</a>.</p> + +<p>Mene, general, common, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1240">B. +1241</a>. A.S. <i>gemæne</i>. Ger. <i>gemein</i>.</p> + +<p>Mene, mean, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line292">A. 293</a>.</p> + +<p>Mene, tell, explain, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1632">B. +1635</a>. A.S. <i>mænan</i>, to tell.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Meng,<br> +Menge,</td> +<td><p>mix, join, <a href="poems.html#clean_line336">B. 337</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line624">625</a>. A.S. <i>mengan</i>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Mensk,<br> +Menske,</td> +<td><p><i>sb.</i> honour, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line160">A. +162</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line780">783</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line120">A. 121</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line520">522</a>; thanks, <a href="poems.html#clean_line644">B. 646</a>; <i>vb.</i> to honour, <span +class="pagenum">172</span> +<a name="page172" id="page172"> </a> +B. 141, 1740. A.S. <i>mennisc</i>, human. N.Prov.E. <i>mense</i>, to +grace, deck; <i>mense</i>, decency, good manners. +</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Mensked, honoured, <a href="poems.html#clean_line116">B. +118</a>.</p> + +<p>Menteene, maintain, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line780">A. +783</a>.</p> + +<p>Mercy, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line576">A. 576</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line620">623</a>.</p> + +<p>Mercyable, merciful, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1112">A. +1113</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line236">B. 238</a>.</p> + +<p>Mercyles, <a href="poems.html#clean_line248">B. 250</a>.</p> + +<p>Mere = meer, boundary, <a href="poems.html#clean_line776">A. +778</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line320">B. 320</a>. Du. +<i>meere</i>. O.N. <i>mæri</i>, boundary.</p> + +<p>Mere, sea, lake, stream, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line140">A. +140</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line156">158</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1164">1166</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line988">A. 991</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line112">B. 112</a>. A.S. <i>mere</i>. O.Sax. +<i>meri</i>. O.N. <i>mar</i>.</p> + +<p>Merit, <a href="poems.html#clean_line612">B. 613</a>.</p> + +<p>Merk, <i>adj.</i> dark, obscure, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1616">B. 1617</a>.</p> + +<p>Merk, <i>sb.</i> darkness, <a href="poems.html#clean_line892">A. +894</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line288">B. 291</a>. A.S. +<i>myrc</i>, dark. O.N. <i>myrkr</i>, darkness; <i>myrka</i>, to darken, +grow dark.</p> + +<p>Merke, make, devise, order, place, <a href="poems.html#clean_line556">B. 558</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line636">637</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1484">1487</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1616">1617</a>. A.S. <i>mearcian</i>. O.N. +<i>merkia</i>, to mark, perceive, signify.</p> + +<p>Mersy, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line380">A. 383</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line776">B. 776</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Meruayle,<br> +Merwayle,</td> +<td><p><i>adj.</i> marvellous, <a href="poems.html#patience_line80">A. +81</a>; <i>sb.</i> a marvel, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1080">C. 1081</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1128">1130</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line584">B. 586</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Meruelous, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1164">A. 1166</a>.</p> + +<p>Mery, pleasant, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1760">B. +1760</a>.</p> + +<p>Mes, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line860">A. 862</a>. See <a href="#gloss_messe"><i>Messe</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Message, <a href="poems.html#clean_line452">A. 454</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line80">B. 81</a>.</p> + +<p>Meschef, evil, misfortune, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line272">A. +275</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line372">B. 373</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1164">1164</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_mese" id="gloss_mese">Mese</a>, moderate, temper, +assuage, <a href="poems.html#clean_line764">B. 764</a>. See <a href="#gloss_methe"><i>Methe</i></a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Sir Pylate mefe you now no more,</p> +<p>But <i>mese</i> youre hart, and mend youre mode.”</p> +<p class="author">(Town. Myst. p. 175.)</p> + +<span class="pagenum">172b</span> +<a name="page172b" id="page172b"> </a> + +<p>“Kyng Eolus set hie apon his chare,</p> +<p>With ceptoure in hand, thar muyd</p> +<p>(mood) to <i>meys</i> and stille.”</p> +<p class="author">(G. Douglas, vol. i. p. 27.)</p> +<p>“The blastis <i>mesit</i>.”</p> +<p class="author">(<i>Ibid.</i> p. 130.)</p> +<p>“A <i>mes</i> you of malice,</p> +<p>but a mene qwile.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 12842.)</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="gloss_messe" id="gloss_messe">Messe</a>, mass, service, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line496">A. 497</a>.</p> + +<p>Messeȝ, messes (of meat), <a href="poems.html#clean_line636">B. +637</a>.</p> + +<p>Mester, need, <a href="poems.html#clean_line64">A. 67</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line340">B. 342</a>.</p> + +<p>Mesure, measure, moderation, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line224">A. +224</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line212">A. 215</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line244">247</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line564">565</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line292">B. 295</a>.</p> + +<p>Mesurable, mild, temperate, <a href="poems.html#clean_line856">B. +859</a>.</p> + +<p>Metalles, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1512">B. 1513</a>.</p> + +<p>Mete, meat, food, applied to an apple, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line640">A. 641</a>.</p> + +<p>Meten, to measure, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1032">A. +1032</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Meth,<br> +<a name="gloss_methe" id="gloss_methe">Meþe</a>,</td> +<td><p>moderation, mildness, pity, <a href="poems.html#clean_line244">B. 247</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line436">436</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line564">565</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“And Mari ledd hir life with <i>methe</i></p> +<p>In a toun that hiht Nazarethe.”</p> +<p class="author">(Met. Hom. p. 107.)</p> +</div> + +<p class="continue">A.S. <i>mæthian</i>, to measure, estimate, use +gently; <i>mæth</i>, measure, degree; <i>mæthlic</i>, kind, courteous. +N.Prov.E. <i>meedless</i>, without measure, immoderate.</p> + +<p>Meþeleȝ, immoderate, <a href="poems.html#clean_line272">B. +273</a>.</p> + +<p>Mette, measure, <a href="poems.html#clean_line624">B. 625</a>.</p> + +<p>Metȝ = mese (?), pity, <a href="poems.html#clean_line212">B. +215</a>.</p> + +<p>Meuande, moving, <a href="poems.html#clean_line780">B. 783</a>.</p> + +<p>Meue, move, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line156">A. 156</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line300">B. 303</a>.</p> + +<p>Meuen (<i>3rd pers. pl. pres.</i>), move, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line64">A. 64</a>. See T. B. 384.</p> + +<p>Meyny, labourers, servants, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line540">A. +542</a>; household, <a href="poems.html#clean_line328">A. 331</a>; +company, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line892">A. 892</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line896">899</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line924">925</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line452">A. 454</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line8">B. 10</a>.</p> + +<p>Miry, pleasant, <a href="poems.html#patience_line32">C. 32</a>.</p> + +<p>Misschapen (monstrous), wicked, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1352">B. 1355</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">173</span> +<a name="page173" id="page173"> </a> + +<p>Mistrauthe, unbelief, <a href="poems.html#clean_line996">B. +996</a>.</p> + +<p>Mo, more, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line868">A. 870</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1192">1194</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line672">B. 674</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Mod,<br> +Mode,</td> +<td><p>= mood, pride, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line400">A. 401</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line736">738</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line564">B. 565</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line764">764</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Moder, mother, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line432">A. 435</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Modey,<br> +Mody,</td> +<td><p>= proud, haughty, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1300">A. +1303</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line420">B. 422</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Mokke, muck, dirt, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line904">A. +905</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_mol" id="gloss_mol">Mol</a> = mul, dust, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line380">A. 382</a>. Flem. <i>mul</i>, <i>gemul</i>, +dust. Du. <i>mullen</i>, to crumble. Pl. D. <i>mull</i>, loose earth, +dust. Cf. “peat-<i>mull</i>,” the dust and fragments of peat. +(Brockett.)</p> + +<p>Molde, earth, <a href="poems.html#clean_line276">A. 279</a>; +<i>moldeȝ</i>, lands, <a href="poems.html#clean_line452">A. 454</a>; +“<i>on molde</i>,” on earth, <a href="poems.html#clean_line512">A. 514</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1112">1114</a>; “<i>in moldeȝ</i>,” in earth, +<a href="poems.html#patience_line492">B. 494</a>. A.S. <i>molde</i>, +mould, earth. Goth. <i>mulda</i>. O.H.G. <i>molta</i>. Dan. +<i>muld</i>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Loo! here the duchez dere to daye was cho takyne,</p> +<p>Depe dolvene and dede, dyked <i>in moldez</i>.”</p> +<p class="author">(Morte Arthure, p. 82.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Mon, man, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line308">A. 310</a>.</p> + +<p>Mon, moan, sorrow, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line372">A. +374</a>.</p> + +<p>Mone, moon, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line920">A. 923</a>.</p> + +<p>Monkynd, mankind, <a href="poems.html#clean_line564">B. +564</a>.</p> + +<p>Mon-sworne, perjury, <a href="poems.html#clean_line180">B. 182</a>. +Other forms of this word are <i>main-sworn</i>, <i>man-sworn</i>. +O.H.Ger. <i>meinsweridi</i>, perjury, from <i>main</i>, <i>mein</i>, +spot, stain, injury, impure, bad. O.N. <i>mein</i>, sore, crime.</p> + +<p>Mony, many, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line572">A. 572</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1164">B. 1164</a>.</p> + +<p>Monyth, month, <a href="poems.html#clean_line492">B. 493</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1028">1030</a>.</p> + +<p>Moon, moan, sorrow, <a href="poems.html#clean_line372">B. +373</a>.</p> + +<p>Moote = mote, spot, blemish, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line948">A. +948</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">173b</span> +<a name="page173b" id="page173b"> </a> + +<p>Mor, moor, <a href="poems.html#clean_line384">B. 385</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1672">1673</a>. A.S. <i>mór</i>, a moor, +heath.</p> + +<p>Morehond, more, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line472">A. 475</a>. Cf. +<i>nerehande</i>, near; <i>betuixande</i>, betwixt.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Morn,<br> +Morne,</td> +<td><p>morning, <a href="poems.html#clean_line492">A. 493</a>; morrow, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1000">B. 1001</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Mornyf, mournful, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line384">A. +386</a>.</p> + +<p>Mornyng, <i>sb.</i> mourning, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line260">A. +262</a>.</p> + +<p>Morteres, mortars, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1484">B. +1487</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Most,<br> +Moste,</td> +<td><p>greatest, <a href="poems.html#clean_line252">B. 254</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line384">385</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Mot, must, may, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line396">A. 397</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line660">663</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Mot,<br> +Mote,</td> +<td><p>spot, blemish, sin, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line764">A. +764</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line840">843</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line852">855</a>. Du. <i>mot</i>, dust.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Mote, <i>vb.</i> speak to, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line612">A. +613</a>. A.S. <i>mótian</i>, to moot, debate. Then Medea with mowthe +<i>motys</i> thus agayne. T. B. 610.</p> + +<p>Mote, building, dwelling, abode, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line140">A. 142</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line936">936</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line936">937</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line948">948</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line948">949</a>; city, <a href="poems.html#patience_line420">C. 422</a>. <i>Mote</i> signifies a +hill, mound, moat, and hence a city on a hill (?). Mid. Lat. +<i>mota</i>, hill or mound. O.Fr. <i>mote</i>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Þe bryght ceté of heven is large and brade,</p> +<p>Of whilk may na comparyson be made</p> +<p>Tille na ceté þat on erth may stand,</p> +<p>Ffor it was never made with mans hand.</p> +<p>Bot yhit, als I ymagyn in my thoght,</p> +<p>I lyken it tylle a ceté þat war wroght</p> +<p>Of gold, of precyouse stones sere,</p> +<p>Opon a <i>mote</i>, sett of berylle clere,</p> +<p>With walles, and wardes, and turrettes,</p> +<p>And entré, and yhates, and garrettes.”</p> +<p class="author">(Hampole’s Pricke of Conscience, p. 239, l. +8896.)</p> +</div> + +<p class="continue">MS. Lansd. 348, reads <i>mount</i> for +<i>mote</i>.</p> + + +<span class="pagenum">174</span> +<a name="page174" id="page174"> </a> +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Moteles,<br> +Moteleȝ,</td> +<td><p>spotless, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line896">A. +899</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Moul = mould, earth, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line20">A. +23</a>.</p> + +<p>Moun (<i>3rd pers. pl.</i> of <i>mowe</i>, to be able), are able, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line536">A. 536</a>.</p> + +<p>Mount, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line868">A. 868</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line444">B. 447</a>.</p> + +<p>Mountaunce, amount, <a href="poems.html#patience_line456">C. +456</a>.</p> + +<p>Mountayne, <a href="poems.html#clean_line384">B. 385</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Mountes,<br> +Mounteȝ,</td> +<td><p>= amounts, avails, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line348">A. +351</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line332">C. 332</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Mourkenes, <i>mirkens</i>, becomes dark, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1760">B. 1760</a>. O.N. <i>myrka</i>, to darken, +Dan. <i>mörkne</i>.</p> + +<p>Mourkne, to rot, become rotten, <a href="poems.html#clean_line404">B. 407</a>. From this verb is derived the +O.E. <i>morkin</i>, a dead beast, carrion, a scarecrow. O.N. +<i>morkinn</i>, rotten; <i>morkna</i>, to rot.</p> + +<p>Mourne, to mourn, <a href="poems.html#patience_line508">C. +508</a>.</p> + +<p>Moȝt, might, could, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1108">B. +1108</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1668">1668</a>.</p> + +<p>Mudde, <a href="poems.html#clean_line404">B. 407</a>.</p> + +<p>Mukel, great, <a href="poems.html#clean_line52">B. 52</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line364">366</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1164">1164</a>. O.N. <i>mikill</i>.</p> + +<p>Mul, dust, dirt, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line904">A. 905</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line736">B. 736</a>. See <a href="#gloss_mol"><i>Mol</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Multyplyed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line276">B. 278</a>.</p> + +<p>Mun, <a href="poems.html#patience_line44">C. 44</a>. This may be +another form of <i>mon</i> = moan. But the phrase “<i>maugre his +mun</i>,” leads us to reject this interpretation. <i>Maugre</i> is +generally used with some part of the body, as “<i>mawgre his tethe</i>,” +“<i>maugre his chekes</i>,” etc. <i>Mun</i> may therefore signify the +mouth. (Sw. <i>mun</i>, a mouth.) The term is still retained in the +north of England. Halliwell quotes the following: +<span class="pagenum">174b</span> +<a name="page174b" id="page174b"> </a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“A common cry at Coventry on Good Friday is—</p> +<p>‘One a penny, two a penny, hot cross buns,</p> +<p>Butter them and sugar them and put them in your <i>muns</i>.’”</p> +</div> + +<p>Munster = minster, church, cathedral, temple, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1264">A. 1267</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line268">B. 268</a>.</p> + +<p>Munt, purpose, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1160">A. 1161</a>. +N.Prov.E. <i>munt</i>, a hint. See <a class="error" href="#gloss_mynte" title="entry spelled ‘Mynte’"><i>Mynt</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Murte, break, crush, <a href="poems.html#patience_line148">C. +150</a>. Pl. D. <i>murten</i>, to crush. See <a href="#gloss_tomurte"><i>to-murte</i></a>. In T. B. 4312 we have +<i>myrte</i> = to crush. Bothe mawhownus & maumettes <i>myrtild</i> +in peces.</p> + +<p>Myddeȝ, midst, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line740">A. 740</a>. See +<a href="#gloss_inmyddegh"><i>In-myddeȝ</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Mydnyȝt, midnight, <a href="poems.html#clean_line892">B. +894</a>.</p> + +<p>Myke, <i>sb.</i> <a href="poems.html#clean_line416">B. 417</a>. Cf. +Du. <i>mik</i>. The crutches of a boat, which sustain the main boom or +mast and sail when they are lowered for the convenience of rowing.</p> + +<p>Mykeȝ, free labourers (?), <a href="poems.html#pearl_line572">A. +572</a>. A.S. <i>mecg</i>, a man. In the <i>Cursor Mundi</i>, Cott. MS. +Vesp. A. iii. fol. 17, the angels are represented as speaking to +Lot as follows:</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“‘Has þou her,’ þai said, ‘ani man,</p> +<p>Sun or doghter, <i>mik</i> or mau,</p> +<p>To þe langand, or hei or lau</p> +<p>Þou lede þam suith out o þis tun</p> +<p>Ar þat hit be sunken don.’” But ? <i>be mykeȝ</i> = he <i>mykeȝ</i>, +he chooses.</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="gloss_mynegh" id="gloss_mynegh">Myneȝ</a>, “<i>me +myneȝ</i>,” I remember, <a href="poems.html#clean_line24">B. 25</a>. +A.S. <i>mynan</i>, to remember. O.N. <i>minna</i>.</p> + +<p>Mynge, record, mention, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line852">A. +855</a>. A.S. <i>myngian</i>, to remind.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">175</span> +<a name="page175" id="page175"> </a> + +<p>Mynne, recollect, remember, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line580">A. +583</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line436">B. 436</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line768">771</a>. See T. B. 1434. See <a href="#gloss_mynegh"><i>Myneȝ</i></a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_mynte" id="gloss_mynte">Mynte</a>, devise, +purpose, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1628">B. 1628</a>. A.S. +<i>myntan</i>, <i>myntian</i> to dispose, settle, appoint. +“<i>Myntyn’</i> or <i>amyn’</i> towarde for to assayen. Attempto.” +(Prompt. Parv.)</p> + +<p>Mynstralsy, <a href="poems.html#clean_line120">B. 121</a>.</p> + +<p>Mynyster, minster, temple, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1060">A. +1063</a>.</p> + +<p>Mynystre, <i>vb.</i> <a href="poems.html#clean_line644">B. +644</a>.</p> + +<p>Myre, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1112">B. 1114</a>.</p> + +<p>Myrþeȝ, joys, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line140">A. 140</a>.</p> + +<p>Myrþeȝ, gladdens, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line860">A. +862</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Myri,<br> +Myry,</td> +<td><p>= merry, pleasant, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line20">A. 23</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line156">158</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line416">A. 417</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line804">804</a>; <i>myryer</i>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line848">A. 850</a>; <i>myryest</i>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line432">B. 435</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Myryly, pleasantly, joyously, <a href="poems.html#clean_line492">B. +493</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Mys,<br> +Mysse,</td> +<td><p>wrong, sin, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line260">A. 262</a>; +<a href="poems.html#patience_line420">C. 420</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Myserecorde, mercy, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line364">A. +366</a>.</p> + +<p>Myse-tente, misunderstood, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line256">A. +257</a>.</p> + +<p>Mysse, to lose, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line328">A. 329</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line188">B. 189</a>. O.N. <i>missa</i>, to +lose. Du. <i>missen</i>, to fail, miss.</p> + +<p>Mysse, loss, grief, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line364">A. +364</a>.</p> + +<p>Mysseleue, unbelief, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1228">B. +1230</a>.</p> + +<p>Mysse-payed, displeased, <a href="poems.html#patience_line396">C. +399</a>.</p> + +<p>Mysse-ȝeme, mis-use, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line320">A. +322</a>.</p> + +<p>Myst, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1760">B. 1760</a>.</p> + +<p>Myste, mysteries, secrets, (?), <a href="poems.html#pearl_line460">A. 462</a>.</p> + +<p>Mysterys, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1192">A. 1194</a>.</p> + +<p>Myþe, to trouble, weary (?), <a href="poems.html#pearl_line356">A. +359</a>. A.S. <i>méthe</i>, wearied; <i>méth</i>, feeble.</p> + +<p>Myȝt, might, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line628">A. 630</a>.</p> + +<p>Myȝtes = mights, powers, <a href="poems.html#clean_line644">B. +644</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1696">1699</a>.</p> + + +<span class="pagenum">175b</span> +<a name="page175b" id="page175b"> </a> + +<p class="letterhead"> +<a name="gloss_N" id="gloss_N" href="#glossary">N</a></p> + +<p>Nadde = ne hadde, had not, <a href="poems.html#clean_line404">B. +404</a>.</p> + +<p>Nakeryne (<i>gen. pl.</i> of <i>naker</i>), <a href="poems.html#clean_line1412">B. 1413</a>; <i>naker</i>, <i>nacaire</i>, +seems to signify a kettle-drum.</p> + +<p>Nas = ne was, was not, <a href="poems.html#clean_line724">B. +727</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line980">983</a>.</p> + +<p>Nature, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line748">A. 749</a>.</p> + +<p>Nauel, <a href="poems.html#patience_line276">C. 278</a>.</p> + +<p>Naule, nail, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line456">A. 459</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Nauþeleȝ,<br> +Nawþeles,</td> +<td><p>nevertheless, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line876">A. 877</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line948">950</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Nauþer,<br> +Nawþer,</td> +<td><p>neither, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1084">A. 1087</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1224">B. 1226</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Nawhere, nowhere, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line532">A. +534</a>.</p> + +<p>Nay, refuse, deny, <a href="poems.html#clean_line804">B. +805</a>.</p> + +<p>Nayed, refused, <a href="poems.html#clean_line64">B. 65</a>.</p> + +<p>Nayt, use, employ, <a href="poems.html#clean_line528">B. 531</a>. +See T. B. 1038. A.S. <i>neotan</i>. O.N. <i>nyta</i>.</p> + +<p>Naytly, neatly, dexterously, <a href="poems.html#clean_line480">B. +480</a>. See T. B. 2427. Nestor, a noble man, <i>naitest</i> in +werre. T. B. 1038. N.Prov.E. <i>nately</i>, neatly.</p> + +<p>Naȝte, night, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1200">A. 1203</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line484">B. 484</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line804">807</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1000">1002</a>.</p> + +<p>Ne, nor, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1224">B. 1226</a>.</p> + +<p>Nece, niece, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line232">A. 233</a>.</p> + +<p>Nedde, needed, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1044">A. 1044</a>; hem +nedde = they needed.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Nede,<br> +Nedeȝ,</td> +<td><p>of necessity, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line344">A. +344</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Nedleȝ, needless, useless, <a href="poems.html#clean_line380">A. +381</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line220">B. 220</a>.</p> + +<p>Nee = ne, nor, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line260">A. 262</a>.</p> + +<p>Nel, ne wille, will not, <a href="poems.html#clean_line512">B. +513</a>.</p> + +<p>Nem, took (<i>pret.</i> of <i>nimme</i>), <a href="poems.html#pearl_line800">A. 802</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line504">B. 505</a>.</p> + +<p>Nemme, name, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line996">A. 997</a>. See +T. B. 152.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">176</span> +<a name="page176" id="page176"> </a> + +<p>Nente, ninth, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1012">A. 1012</a>.</p> + +<p>Nere, <i>ne were</i>, were not, <a href="poems.html#clean_line20">B. 21</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Nere,<br> +Ner,</td> +<td><p>near, nigh, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line284">A. 286</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line404">404</a>; <i>wel ner</i>, nearly, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1584">B. 1585</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Nerre, nearer, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line232">A. 233</a>; +<a href="poems.html#patience_line84">C. 85</a>.</p> + +<p>Nesch, gently, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line604">A. 606</a>. A.S. +<i>hnesc</i>, soft, tender.</p> + +<p>Neue, fist, hand, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1536">B. 1537</a>. +N.Prov.E. <i>neve</i>, <i>neif</i>, a fist. O.N. <i>hnefi</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_neuen" id="gloss_neuen">Neuen</a>, name, <a href="poems.html#clean_line408">B. 410</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1376">1376</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1524">1525</a>. O.N. <i>nafn</i>, a name; +<i>nefna</i>, to name.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Neȝ,<br> +Neȝe,</td> +<td><p>nigh, near, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line528">A. 528</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line800">B. 803</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket three"> +Neȝ,<br> +Neȝe,<br> +Neȝen,</td> +<td><p>approach, <a href="poems.html#clean_line32">B. 32</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line140">143</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line804">805</a><ins class="correction" title=", missing">, </ins><a href="poems.html#clean_line32">1016</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1752">1754</a><ins class="correction" title="text has , for .">. </ins></p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Nice, <i>adj.</i> foolish, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1352">A. +1354</a>; <i>sb.</i> <a href="poems.html#clean_line1356">B. 1359</a>. +Fr. <i>nice</i>, foolish, simple.</p> + +<p>Nif, ne-if, if not, <a href="poems.html#clean_line28">B. +30</a>.</p> + +<p>Niye, trouble, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1000">B. 1002</a>.</p> + +<p>Noble, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1096">A. 1097</a>.</p> + +<p>Nobley, nobleness, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1088">B. +1091</a>.</p> + +<p>No-bot, only, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1124">B. 1127</a>. +N.Prov.E. <i>no-bot</i>.</p> + +<p>Nok, nook, <a href="poems.html#patience_line276">C. 278</a>.</p> + +<p>Nolde, ne wolde, would not, <a href="poems.html#clean_line804">B. +805</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1088">1091</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Nom,<br> +Nome,</td> +<td><p>took, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line584">A. 587</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1612">B. 1613</a>; <i>pret.</i> of <i>nimme</i>, +to take.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Nome, name, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line872">A. 872</a>.</p> + +<p>Nomen, seized, taken; <i>p.p.</i> of <i>nimme</i>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1280">A. 1281</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line360">B. 360</a>.</p> + +<p>Norne, entreat, ask, <a href="poems.html#clean_line800">B. 803</a>. +A.S. <i>gnornian</i>, to complain, murmur.</p> + +<p>Norture, nurture, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1088">B. +1091</a>.</p> + +<p>Note, city, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line920">A. 922</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1232">B. 1233</a>.</p> + +<p>Note, devise, ordain, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1648">A. +1651</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line220">B. 220</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_note" id="gloss_note">Note</a>, device, purpose, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line152">A. 155</a>; +<span class="pagenum">176b</span> +<a name="page176b" id="page176b"> </a> +B. 381, 727. A.S. <i>nota</i>, use, duty, employment; <i>notian</i>, to +employ, use.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“The Bibel telles us openlye</p> +<p>Of Nembrot and his maistri,</p> +<p>Hou the fole that was wit him</p> +<p>Bigan to mak a tour that tim,</p> +<p>That suld reche to the lifte;</p> +<p>Bot Godd that skilfulli kan skift.</p> +<p>Mad them alle serely spekand,</p> +<p>That nan moht other understand,</p> +<p>And gert them lef thair wilgern werk,</p> +<p>Bot of thair <i>not</i> yet standes merk,</p> +<p>In Babilony the tour ȝet standes,</p> +<p>That that folk mad wit thair handes.”</p> +<p class="author">(Met. Hom. p. 61.)</p> +<p>“Mony noble for þe nonest to þe <i>note</i> gode.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 284.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Note, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line876">A. 879</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line880">883</a>.</p> + +<p>Notyng, device, devising, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1352">B. +1354</a>. See <a href="#gloss_note"><i>Note</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Noumbre, number, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1280">B. 1283</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1376">1376</a>.</p> + +<p>Nouþe, now, <a href="poems.html#patience_line412">C. 414</a>.</p> + +<p>Nowþelese, nevertheless, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line888">A. +889</a>.</p> + +<p>Noye, trouble, annoy, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1236">B. +1236</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Noys,<br> +Noyse,</td> +<td><p><a href="poems.html#clean_line848">A. 849</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line488">B. 490</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Noȝt, naught, nothing, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line520">A. +520</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line888">A. 888</a>; not, <a href="poems.html#clean_line104">B. 106</a>.</p> + +<p>Noȝty, bad, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1356">B. 1359</a>.</p> + +<p>Nummen (<i>p.p.</i> <i>nimme</i>), taken, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1288">A. 1291</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line76">B. 76</a>.</p> + +<p>Nurne, speak, say, <a href="poems.html#clean_line668">B. +669</a>.</p> + +<p>Nuye, displease, <a href="poems.html#clean_line576">B. 578</a>.</p> + +<p>Nuyed, troubled, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1176">B. +1176</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Nw,<br> +Nwe,</td> +<td><p>new, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line524">A. 527</a>; anew, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line1076">A. 1079</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Nwy, wrath, <a href="poems.html#clean_line300">B. 301</a>.</p> + +<p>Nwyed, displeased, <a href="poems.html#clean_line304">B. +306</a>.</p> + +<p>Nye, trouble, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1376">A. 1376</a>; +<i>nyes</i>, troubles, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1752">A. +1754</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line76">B. 76</a>.</p> + +<p>Nyed, troubled, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1600">B. +1603</a>.</p> + +<p>Nyf = ne if, if not, <a href="poems.html#clean_line424">B. +424</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">177</span> +<a name="page177" id="page177"> </a> + +<p>Nyl, ne wyl, will not, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1260">A. +1261</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line40">B. 41</a>.</p> + +<p>Nylt, ne wylt, wilt not, <a href="poems.html#patience_line344">C. +346</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Nym,<br> +Nymme,</td> +<td><p>take, <a href="poems.html#clean_line480">B. 481</a>. A.S. +<i>niman</i>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Nys, ne ys, is not, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line948">A. +951</a>.</p> + +<p>Nyse, nice, dainty, <a href="poems.html#clean_line824">B. +824</a>.</p> + +<p>Nyteled, laboured, toiled, <a href="poems.html#clean_line888">B. +888</a>. Prov.E. <i>nattle</i>, to endeavour, to be busy about trifles. +O.E. <i>nyte</i>, to use, employ, enjoy. O.N. <i>nyta</i>.</p> + +<p>Nyȝe, nigh, <a href="poems.html#clean_line484">A. 484</a>; <i>wel +nyȝe</i>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line704">B. 704</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Nyȝt,<br> +Nyȝte,</td> +<td><p>night, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line240">A. 243</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line524">B. 526</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<p class="letterhead"> +<a name="gloss_O" id="gloss_O" href="#glossary">O</a></p> + +<p>Obeche, reverence, <a href="poems.html#clean_line744">B. 745</a>. +Prov. Fr. <i>obezir</i>.</p> + +<p>Obes, obey, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line884">A. 886</a>.</p> + +<p>Odde, (1) not even, <a href="poems.html#clean_line424">A. 426</a>; +(2) spotless, faultless, <a href="poems.html#clean_line504">B. +505</a>. See T. B. 4401, 6157, 6172, 6179, 6189, 6194, 6198.</p> + +<p>Oddely, (<i>a</i>) alone, <a href="poems.html#clean_line920">A. +923</a>; (<i>b</i>) nobly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line696">B. +698</a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>(<i>b</i>) “I Alexandre the aire and eldest childe hattene,</p> +<p>Of kyng Philip the fers, that fest am in Grece,</p> +<p>And of the quene Olimpades, the <i>oddest</i> under heven,</p> +<p>To all ȝow of Athenes, thus I etill my saȝes.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 79.)</p> +<p>“For thai the mesure and the mett of alle the mulde couthe,</p> +<p>The sise of alle the grete see and of the gryme wawys,</p> +<p>Of the ordere of that <i>odde</i> home [heaven] that overe the aire +hingis.”</p> +<p class="author">(<i>Ibid.</i> p. 2.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Oke, oak, <a href="poems.html#clean_line600">B. 602</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">177b</span> +<a name="page177b" id="page177b"> </a> + +<p>Olipraunce, vanity, fondness for gay apparel, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1348">B. 1349</a>. Prov.E. <i>olypraunce</i>, +a merry making.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Of tournamentys y preue thereynne</p> +<p>Seven poyntes of dedly synne;</p> +<p>Fyrst ys pryde, as þou wel wost</p> +<p>Avauntement, bobaunce and bost;</p> +<p>Of rych atyre ys here avaunce,</p> +<p>Prykyng here hors wyth <i>olypraunce</i>.”</p> +<p class="author">(Robt. of Brunne’s Handlyng Synne, p. 145.)</p> +</div> + +<p>On, an, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line8">A. 9</a>.</p> + +<p>One, alone, self, <a href="poems.html#clean_line872">B. 872</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line920">923</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1668">1669</a>.</p> + +<p>Onelych, only, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1748">B. 1749</a>.</p> + +<p>Oneȝ, once, <a href="poems.html#clean_line800">B. 801</a>.</p> + +<p>Onhede, unity, concord, <a href="poems.html#clean_line612">B. +612</a>.</p> + +<p>On-hit, struck, inflamed with anger (?), <a href="poems.html#patience_line408">C. 411</a>. A.S. <i>onhætan</i> to +inflame, heat.</p> + +<p>On-lofte, aloft, on high, <a href="poems.html#clean_line692">B. +692</a>; 947.</p> + +<p>On-ryȝt, aright, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1512">B. +1513</a>.</p> + +<p>On-sydeȝ, aside, <a href="poems.html#patience_line216">C. +219</a>.</p> + +<p>On-wyde, about, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1420">B. +1423</a>.</p> + +<p>On-yȝed, one-eyed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line100">B. +102</a>.</p> + +<p>Ordaynt, ordained, <a href="poems.html#clean_line236">B. +237</a>.</p> + +<p>Ordenaunce, ordinance, <a href="poems.html#clean_line696">B. +698</a>.</p> + +<p>Ordure, filth, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1092">B. 1092</a>.</p> + +<p>Ore, oar, <a href="poems.html#patience_line216">C. 218</a>.</p> + +<p>Orenge, orange, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1044">B. +1044</a>.</p> + +<p>Organe, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1080">B. 1081</a>.</p> + +<p>Orisoun, prayer, <a href="poems.html#patience_line328">C. +328</a>.</p> + +<p>Ornemente, ornament, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1796">B. +1799</a>.</p> + +<p>Orppedly, quickly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line620">B. 623</a>. +N.Prov.E. <i>orput</i>, quick (at learning). Orped is generally derived +from O.N. <i>verpa</i>, to throw; <i>p.p.</i> <i>orpinn</i>. But this +etymology is very doubtful. Cf. “<i>Orpud</i>, audax, bellipotens.” +(Prompt. Parv.)</p> + +<p>Ossed, showed, <a href="poems.html#patience_line212">C. 213</a>. +N.Prov.E. +<span class="pagenum">178</span> +<a name="page178" id="page178"> </a> +<i>awse</i>, <i>oss</i>, to attempt, offer. W. <i>osi</i>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Quat and has thou <i>ossed</i> to Alexander</p> +<p>this <i>ayndain</i> (angry) wirdes.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex., p. 79.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Oste, host, army, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1204">B. +1204</a>.</p> + +<p>Oþer, or, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line140">A. 141</a>.</p> + +<p>Ouer-borde, <a href="poems.html#patience_line156">C. 157</a>.</p> + +<p>Ouer-brawden, covered over, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1696">B. +1698</a>.</p> + +<p>Ouer-seyed, passed over, gone, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1684">B. 1686</a>.</p> + +<p>Ouer-tan, overtaken, <a href="poems.html#patience_line124">C. +127</a>.</p> + +<p>Ouer-þwert, across, <a href="poems.html#clean_line316">B. 316</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1384">1384</a>.</p> + +<p>Ouer-tok, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1212">B. 1213</a>.</p> + +<p>Ouer-torne, past, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1192">B. +1192</a>.</p> + +<p>Ouer-walte, overflowed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line368">B. +370</a>.</p> + +<p>Ouer-ȝede, past, went, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1752">B. +1753</a>.</p> + +<p>Ouerte, open, clear, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line592">A. +593</a>.</p> + +<p>Ouerture, opening, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line216">A. +218</a>.</p> + +<p>Oure, prayer, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line688">A. 690</a>.</p> + +<p>Out-borst, <i>vb.</i> outburst, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1248">B. 1251</a>.</p> + +<p>Out-comlyng, a stranger, <a href="poems.html#clean_line876">B. +876</a>. N.Prov.E. <i>out-cumling</i>, a foreigner, stranger. The +more usual form in early English is <i>comling</i>.</p> + +<p>Out-dryf, drive out, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line776">A. +777</a>.</p> + +<p>Out-fleme, banished, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1176">A. +1177</a>. See <a href="#gloss_fleme"><i>Fleme</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Out-kast, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1676">B. 1679</a>.</p> + +<p>Out-sprent, outburst, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1136">A. +1137</a>.</p> + +<p>Out-taken, excepted, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1572">B. +1573</a>.</p> + +<p>Out-tulde, thrown out, <a href="poems.html#patience_line228">C. +231</a>.</p> + +<p>Oȝe = owe, ought, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line552">A. +552</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Oȝt,<br> +Oȝte,</td> +<td><p><i>vb.</i> ought, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line340">A. +341</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Oȝt,<br> +Oȝte,</td> +<td><p><i>pr.</i> aught, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line272">A. +274</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line660">B. 663</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<p class="letterhead"> +<a name="gloss_P" id="gloss_P" href="#glossary">P</a></p> + +<p>Pace, passage, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line676">A. 677</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">178b</span> +<a name="page178b" id="page178b"> </a> +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Pacience,<br> +Pacyence,</td> +<td><p><a href="poems.html#patience">A. 1</a>, 36.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Pakke, pack, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1280">B. 1282</a>.</p> + +<p>Pakke, company, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line928">A. 929</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Palayce,<br> +Palays,</td> +<td><p><a href="poems.html#clean_line80">B. 83</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1388">1389</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1528">1531</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Pale, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1004">A. 1004</a>.</p> + +<p>Palle = pall, fine cloth, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1384">B. +1384</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1636">1637</a>.</p> + +<p>Pane, a side, division of a building, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1032">A. 1034</a>. Lat. <i>pagina</i>, +a leaf, any flat expanse. “A <i>pane</i>, piece or pannel of a +wall, of wainscot, of a glasse window.” (Cotg.) “<i>Pane</i> of a wall, +<i>pan de mur</i>.” (Palsg.)</p> + +<p>Panne, head, but we may read <i>paune</i>, paws, claws, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1696">B. 1697</a>.</p> + +<p>Papeiay = a popinjay, a parrot, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1464">B. 1465</a>. It. <i>papagallo</i>. O.Fr. +<i>papegau</i>, <i>papegay</i>. Sp. <i>papagayo</i>, parrot.</p> + +<p>Parage, kindred, rank, nobleness, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line416">A. 419</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line164">B. 167</a>. O.Fr. <i>parage</i>.</p> + +<p>Paramoreȝ, paramours, lovers, <a href="poems.html#clean_line700">B. +700</a>. Fr. <i>par amour</i>, by way of love.</p> + +<p>Paraunter, peradventure, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line588">A. +588</a>.</p> + +<p>Parchmen, parchment, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1132">B. +1134</a>.</p> + +<p>Pare, cut, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1408">B. 1408</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1536">1536</a>.</p> + +<p>Parform, perform, <a href="poems.html#clean_line540">A. 542</a>; +<a href="poems.html#patience_line404">B. 406</a>.</p> + +<p>Parfyt, perfect, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line636">A. 638</a>.</p> + +<p>Parget, plaister of a wall, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1536">B. +1536</a>. “<i>Pariette</i> for walles, blanchissure.” (Palsg.)</p> + +<p>Parlatyk, paralytic, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1092">B. +1095</a>.</p> + +<p>Partleȝ, partless, portionless, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line332">A. 335</a>.</p> + +<p>Partrykes, partridges, <a href="poems.html#clean_line56">B. +57</a>.</p> + +<p>Pass, surpass, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line428">A. 428</a>.</p> + +<p>Passage, journey, <a href="poems.html#patience_line96">C. +97</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">179</span> +<a name="page179" id="page179"> </a> + +<p>Passande, passing, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1388">B. +1389</a>.</p> + +<p>Pasture, <a href="poems.html#patience_line392">C. 393</a>.</p> + +<p>Pater, paternoster, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line484">A. +485</a>.</p> + +<p>Paume, palm, hand, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1532">B. 1533</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1540">1542</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Pay,<br> +Paye,</td> +<td><p>pleasure, <a href="poems.html#pearl">A. 1</a>, 1164, 1176; +<a href="poems.html#patience_line96">C. 99</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Pay, please, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1164">A. 1165</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line1176">1177</a>.</p> + +<p>Payment, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line596">A. 598</a>.</p> + +<p>Paynt, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line748">A. 750</a>.</p> + +<p>Payre, pair, <a href="poems.html#clean_line332">B. 335</a>.</p> + +<p>Payre = appayre, become worse, fade, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1124">B. 1124</a>. Lat. <i>pejor</i>, worse. “To +<i>appayre</i> to waxe worse.” (Palsg.)</p> + +<p>Payred, impaired, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line244">A. +246</a>.</p> + +<p>Pechche, sin, fault, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line840">A. 841</a>. +Fr. <i>péché</i>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Penance,<br> +Penaunce,</td> +<td><p><a href="poems.html#pearl_line476">A. 477</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Peneȝ, pens, folds (for cattle), <a href="poems.html#clean_line320">B. 322</a>.</p> + +<p>Penitotes, (? <i>Peritotes</i>), a kind of stone (the <i>peritot</i> +or <i>peridot</i> Marsh), <a href="poems.html#clean_line1472">B. 1472</a>.</p> + +<p>Penne, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1724">B. 1724</a>.</p> + +<p>Penne-fed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line56">B. 57</a>.</p> + +<p>Pensyf, pensive, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line244">A. 246</a>.</p> + +<p>Pented, appertained, belonged to, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1268">B. 1270</a>.</p> + +<p>Peraunter, peradventure, <a href="poems.html#clean_line40">B. +43</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Pere,<br> +Per,</td> +<td><p>equal, peer, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line4">A. 4</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1212">B. 1214</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1336">1336</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Pereȝ, pears, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line104">A. 104</a>.</p> + +<p>Perile, <a href="poems.html#clean_line856">B. 856</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line940">942</a>.</p> + +<p>Perré, precious stones, jewelry, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line728">A. 730</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1116">B. 1117</a>.</p> + +<p>Pertly = apertly, openly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line244">B. +244</a>. See T. B. 1130. Cf. “<i>pert</i> wordes,” T. B. +977.</p> + +<p>Peryle, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line692">A. 695</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line84">C. 85</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">179b</span> +<a name="page179b" id="page179b"> </a> + +<p>Pes, peace, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line952">A. 952</a>.</p> + +<p>Pich, pitch, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1008">B. 1008</a>.</p> + +<p>Pike = pick, pluck, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1464">B. +1464</a>.</p> + +<p>Pinnacle, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1460">B. 1463</a>.</p> + +<p>Pité, pity, <a href="poems.html#clean_line232">B. 232</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Pitously,<br> +Pytosly,</td> +<td><p><a href="poems.html#pearl_line368">A. 370</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line796">798</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Planed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line308">B. 310</a>.</p> + +<p>Planete, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1072">A. 1075</a>.</p> + +<p>Plaster, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1548">B. 1549</a>.</p> + +<p>Plat, flat, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1376">B. 1379</a>.</p> + +<p>Plat, struck (<i>pret.</i> of <i>plette</i>, to strike), <a href="poems.html#clean_line1264">B. 1265</a>. A.S. <i>plættian</i>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Hwan he hauede him so schamed,</p> +<p>His hand (he) of <i>plat</i>, and yvele lamed.”</p> +<p class="author">(Havelok the Dane, 2755.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Plater, plate, platter, <a href="poems.html#clean_line636">B. +638</a>.</p> + +<p>Plateȝ, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1036">A. 1036</a>.</p> + +<p>Plat-ful, brimful, <a href="poems.html#clean_line80">B. 83</a>.</p> + +<p>Plattyng, <i>sb.</i> striking (or folding?), <a href="poems.html#clean_line1540">B. 1542</a>.</p> + +<p>Play, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line260">A. 261</a>.</p> + +<p>Play-fere, play-fellow, companion, <a href="poems.html#patience_line44">C. 45</a>.</p> + +<p>Playn, <i>adj.</i> even, clear, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line176">A. 178</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line688">689</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1068">A. 1068</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line436">B. 439</a>.</p> + +<p>Playn, <i>sb.</i> <a href="poems.html#pearl_line104">A. 104</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line120">122</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1216">B. 1216</a>.</p> + +<p>Playned, lamented, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line52">A. 53</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line240">242</a>.</p> + +<p>Playneȝ, complains, <a href="poems.html#patience_line376">C. +376</a>.</p> + +<p>Playnt, complaint, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line812">A. +815</a>.</p> + +<p>Plek, place, plot of ground, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1376">B. +1379</a>. “<i>Pleckke</i> or plott, porculetum.” (Prompt. Parv.) +N.Prov.E. <i>pleck</i>. A.S. <i>plæc</i>.</p> +<p class="quotation"> +“Se that the hare hathe be at pasture in grene corne, or in eny other +<i>plek</i>.”</p> +<p class="author">(Quoted by Way from MS. Harl. 5086, +fol. 47.)</p> + +<p>Pleny, to complain, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line548">A. +549</a>.</p> + +<p>Plete, demand, plead for, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line560">A. +563</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">180</span> +<a name="page180" id="page180"> </a> + +<p>Pleyn, mourn, <a href="poems.html#patience_line368">C. 371</a>.</p> + +<p>Plontte, plant, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line104">A. 104</a>.</p> + +<p>Plow, plough, <a href="poems.html#clean_line68">B. 68</a>.</p> + +<p>Plyande, pliant, <a href="poems.html#patience_line436">C. +439</a>.</p> + +<p>Plye, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1036">A. 1039</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line196">B. 196</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1384">1385</a>.</p> + +<p>Plyt, danger, fault, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line644">A. 647</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1492">A. 1494</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line112">B. 114</a>. A.S. <i>pliht</i>.</p> + +<p>Plyȝt, condition, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1072">A. 1075</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line108">B. 111</a>.</p> + +<p>Pobbel, pebble, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line116">A. 117</a>.</p> + +<p>Pole, pool, stream, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line116">A. +117</a>.</p> + +<p>Polle, poll, head, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1264">B. 1265</a>. +Du. <i>polle</i>, <i>pol</i>, head, top, crown.</p> + +<p>Polmente, a kind of pottage, <a href="poems.html#clean_line628">B. +628</a>. O.Fr. <i>polment</i>. Lat. <i>pulmentum</i>. +“<i>Pulmentarium</i> a <i>pulment</i>.” Nominale, MS.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“His brother (Jacob) he fand give—and his tent</p> +<p>To grayth a riche <i>pulment</i>.”</p> +<p class="author">(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 21<i>a</i>.)</p> +</div> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Polyce,<br> +Polyse,</td> +<td><p>polish, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1068">B. 1068</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1128">1131</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1132">1134</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Polyle, poultry, <a href="poems.html#clean_line56">B. 57</a>. Fr. +<i>poule</i>, a hen; <i>poulet</i>, a chicken. Lat. <i>pullus</i>. +“<i>Polayle</i>, bryddys or fowlys, Altilis.” (Prompt. Parv.)</p> + +<p>Pomgarnade, pomegranate, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1464">B. +1466</a>. Cf. Lat. <i>malum granatum</i>. It. <i>granata</i>. Sp. +<i>granada</i>.</p> + +<p>Poplande, rushing, foaming, <a href="poems.html#patience_line316">C. 319</a>. N.Prov.E. <i>popple</i>, to +tumble about with a quick motion. O.Sc. <i>pople</i>, to flow, rush.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“The wawis of the wild see apone the wallis betes,</p> +<p>The pure <i>populand</i> hurle passis it umby.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 40.)</p> +<p>“And on the stanys owt thar harnys [he] dang,</p> +<p>Quhil brayn and eyn and blude al <i>poplit</i> owt.”</p> +<p class="author">(G. Douglas, vol. i. p. 167.)</p> +</div> + +<span class="pagenum">180b</span> +<a name="page180b" id="page180b"> </a> + +<p>Porchase, purchase, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line436">A. +439</a>.</p> + +<p>Porche, <a href="poems.html#clean_line784">B. 785</a>.</p> + +<p>Pore, poor, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line872">A. 873</a>.</p> + +<p>Porfyl, hem, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line216">A. 216</a>. Fr. +<i>pourfiler</i>, to work upon the edge, embroider; <i>fil</i>, +a thread. O.E. <i>purfle</i>, to overlay with gems or gold. +“<i>Purfyll</i> or hemme of a gowne, bort.” (Palsg.)</p> + +<p>Porpre, purple, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1568">B. +1568</a>.</p> + +<p>Porros, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1772">B. 1772</a>.</p> + +<p>Port, gate, <a href="poems.html#clean_line856">A. 856</a>; harbour, +<a href="poems.html#patience_line88">B. 90</a>.</p> + +<p>Portale, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1036">A. 1036</a>.</p> + +<p>Portray, <a href="poems.html#clean_line700">B. 700</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Poruay,<br> +Poruaye,</td> +<td><p>to provide, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1500">A. 1502</a>; +<a href="poems.html#patience_line36">B. 36</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Possyble, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line452">A. 452</a>.</p> + +<p>Potage, <a href="poems.html#clean_line636">B. 638</a>.</p> + +<p>Poursent, course, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1032">A. +1035</a>.</p> + +<p>Pourtray, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1268">B. 1271</a>. Fr. +<i>pourtraire</i>.</p> + +<p>Pouer, power, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1652">B. 1654</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Pouer,<br> +Pouere,</td> +<td><p>poor, <a href="poems.html#clean_line612">B. 615</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1072">1074</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Poueren (<i>pl.</i> of <i>pouer</i>), poor, <a href="poems.html#clean_line124">B. 127</a>.</p> + +<p>Pouert, poverty, <a href="poems.html#patience_line40">C. +43</a>.</p> + +<p>Pouerté, <a href="poems.html#patience_line12">C. 13</a>.</p> + +<p>Powdered, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line44">A. 44</a>.</p> + +<p>Powleȝ, pools, <a href="poems.html#patience_line308">C. +310</a>.</p> + +<p>Poyned, trimmed, ornamented, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line216">A. +217</a>.</p> + +<p>Poynt, <i>sb.</i> particle, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line888">A. +891</a>.</p> + +<p>Poysened, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1092">B. 1095</a>.</p> + +<p>Poyntel, a style, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1532">B. +1533</a>.</p> + +<p>Pray<ins class="correction" title="text has . for ,">, +</ins><i>sb.</i> prey, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1296">A. +1297</a>; <i>vb.</i> to plunder, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1624">B. 1624</a>.</p> + +<p>Prayse, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line300">A. 301</a>.</p> + +<p>Prece, press, <a href="poems.html#clean_line880">B. 880</a>.</p> + +<p>Prechande, preaching, <a href="poems.html#clean_line940">B. +942</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Precios,<br> +Precious,</td> +<td><p><a href="poems.html#pearl_line4">A. 4</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line216">216</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1280">B. 1282</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<span class="pagenum">181</span> +<a name="page181" id="page181"> </a> + +<p>Prelate, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1248">A. 1249</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line388">B. 389</a>.</p> + +<p>Pres, press, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line728">A. 730</a>; to +press, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line956">A. 957</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_prese" id="gloss_prese">Prese</a>, praise, honour; +“his <i>prese</i>, his <i>prys</i>,” <a href="poems.html#pearl_line416">A. 419</a>. Sp. <i>prez</i>, honour, +glory. Fr. <i>prix</i>, value, worth, price.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Fra þan forth heild Sir Moyses</p> +<p>Þis wandes bath in <i>pris</i> and <i>pres</i>.”</p> +<p class="author">(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 36<i>a</i>.)</p> +</div> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Prese,<br> +Pres,</td> +<td><p><i>sb.</i> press, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1112">A. +1114</a>; <i>vb.</i> <a href="poems.html#clean_line1248">B. +1249</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Presens,<br> +Presente,</td> +<td><p>presence, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line388">A. 389</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line8">B. 8</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1496">1496</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Present, <i>vb.</i> <a href="poems.html#clean_line1216">B. +1217</a>.</p> + +<p>Presonere, prisoner, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1216">B. +1217</a>.</p> + +<p>Prest, ready, <a href="poems.html#clean_line144">A. 147</a>; +<a href="poems.html#patience_line300">B. 303</a>. Ital. +<i>presto</i>.</p> + +<p>Prestly, quickly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line628">B. +628</a>.</p> + +<p>Presyous, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1496">B. 1496</a>.</p> + +<p>Pretermynable, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line596">A. 596</a>.</p> + +<p>Preue, prove, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line980">A. 983</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line704">B. 704</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1748">1748</a>.</p> + +<p>Prisoner, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1296">B. 1297</a>.</p> + +<p>Profecie, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1156">B. 1158</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1308">1308</a>.</p> + +<p>Profere, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line232">A. 235</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1200">1200</a>.</p> + +<p>Profert, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1460">B. 1463</a>.</p> + +<p>Professye, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line820">A. 821</a>.</p> + +<p>Profete, prophet, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line796">A. +797</a>.</p> + +<p>Proper, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line684">A. 686</a>.</p> + +<p>Propertéȝ, properties, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line752">A. +752</a>.</p> + +<p>Property, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line444">A. 446</a>.</p> + +<p>Prophete, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line828">A. 831</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1300">B. 1300</a>.</p> + +<p>Prosessyoun, procession, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1096">A. +1096</a>.</p> + +<p>Prouince, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1300">B. 1300</a>.</p> + +<p>Pruddest, proudest, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1300">B. +1300</a>.</p> + +<p>Prudly, proudly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1376">B. 1379</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1464">1466</a>. See T. B. 857.</p> + +<p>Pryce, chief, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1308">B. 1308</a>.</p> + +<p>Prymate, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1568">B. 1570</a>.</p> + +<p>Pryncipale, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1528">B. 1531</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1780">1781</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">181b</span> +<a name="page181b" id="page181b"> </a> + +<p>Pryncipalté, dominion, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1672">B. +1672</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1736">1738</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Priys,<br> +Prys,</td> +<td><p>value, worth, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line272">A. 272</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line416">419</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line752">755</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1116">B. 1117</a>. See <a href="#gloss_prese"><i>Prese</i></a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Prysoun, <a href="poems.html#patience_line76">C. 79</a>.</p> + +<p>Pryuely, <a href="poems.html#clean_line236">B. 238</a>.</p> + +<p>Pryuy, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line12">A. 12</a>; +<i>pryuyest</i>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1748">B. 1748</a>.</p> + +<p>Pulde, pulled, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1264">B. 1265</a>.</p> + +<p>Pulle, draw, <a href="poems.html#clean_line68">B. 68</a>.</p> + +<p>Pure, <i>adj.</i> <a href="poems.html#pearl_line224">A. 227</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line704">A. 704</a>; <i>vb.</i> <a href="poems.html#clean_line1116">B. 1116</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Purely,<br> +Purly,</td> +<td><p><a href="poems.html#pearl_line1004">A. 1004</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1660">B. 1660</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Purpre, purple, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1016">A. +1016</a>.</p> + +<p>Pursaunt, a sergeant, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1384">B. +1385</a>. O.Fr. <i>pursuivant</i>.</p> + +<p>Pursue, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1176">B. 1177</a>.</p> + +<p>Purtraye, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1464">B. 1465</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1536">1536</a>.</p> + +<p>Puryté, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1072">B. 1074</a>.</p> + +<p>Pyche, pitch, fix, <a href="poems.html#clean_line476">B. +477</a>.</p> + +<p>Pye, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1464">B. 1465</a>.</p> + +<p>Pyked, adorned, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1036">A. +1036</a>.</p> + +<p>Pykeȝ, pick, choose, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line572">A. +573</a>.</p> + +<p>Pyle, building, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line684">A. 686</a>.</p> + +<p>Pyle, to rob, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1268">B. 1270</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1280">1282</a>. Fr. <i>piller</i>, to +rob.</p> + +<p>Pylere, pillar, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1268">B. +1271</a>.</p> + +<p>Pyne, <i>vb.</i> to torment, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1092">A. +1095</a>; <i>sb.</i> pain, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line328">B. +330</a>. Du. <i>pijnen</i>, to torture.</p> + +<p>Pyne = pynd, fasten, <a href="poems.html#patience_line76">C. +79</a>. A.S. <i>pyndan</i>, to shut in.</p> + +<p>Pynkardine, ? <i>perre carnadine</i>, carnelian stone (Marsh), +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1472">B. 1472</a>.</p> + +<p>Pyony, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line44">A. 44</a>.</p> + +<p>Pytosly, pitifully, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line368">A. +370</a>.</p> + +<p>Pyty, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1204">A. 1206</a>.</p> + +<p>Pyȝt, fixed, placed (<i>pret.</i> of <i>pyche</i>), <a href="poems.html#pearl_line116">A. 117</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line228">228</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line740">742</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line784">B. 785</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">182</span> +<a name="page182" id="page182"> </a> + +<p class="letterhead"> +<a name="gloss_Q" id="gloss_Q" href="#glossary">Q</a></p> + +<p>Quat, what, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line292">A. 293</a>.</p> + +<p>Quat-kyn, what kind of, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line768">A. +771</a>.</p> + +<p>Quauende, flowing, waving, <a href="poems.html#clean_line324">B. +324</a>.</p> + +<p>Quayle, <i>sb.</i> quail, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1084">A. +1085</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_quayntyse" id="gloss_quayntyse">Quayntyse</a>, +wisdom, craft, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1632">B. 1632</a>. O.Fr. +<i>accointer</i>, to make known; <i>coint</i>, informed, acquainted +with. Lat. <i>cognitus</i>.</p> + +<p>Qued, <i>sb.</i> evil, crime, ill, <a href="poems.html#clean_line564">A. 567</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line4">B. 4</a>. Du. <i>kwaad</i>, bad. Pl. D. +<i>quat</i>.</p> + +<p>Quelle, kill, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line796">A. 799</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line324">A. 324</a>; subdue, <a href="poems.html#patience_line4">B. 4</a>. A.S. <i>cwellan</i>.</p> + +<p>Queme, <i>adj.</i> pleasing, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1176">A. +1179</a>. A.S. <i>cweman</i>, to please. Your <i>qweme</i> spouse, +T. B. 634.</p> + +<p>Quen, when, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line40">A. 40</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line92">93</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line232">232</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line804">804</a>.</p> + +<p>Quenche, <a href="poems.html#patience_line4">C. 4</a>.</p> + +<p>Quere, where, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line64">A. 65</a>.</p> + +<p>Query, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line800">A. 803</a>.</p> + +<p>Quest, <a href="poems.html#patience_line36">C. 39</a>.</p> + +<p>Queþer-so-euer, whether-so-ever, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line604">A. 606</a>.</p> + +<p>Quikken, <a href="poems.html#patience_line468">C. 471</a>.</p> + +<p>Quo, who, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line744">A. 747</a>.</p> + +<p>Quo-so, who-so, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1644">A. 1647</a>; +<a href="poems.html#patience_line4">B. 5</a>.</p> + +<p>Quos, whose, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1648">B. 1648</a>.</p> + +<p>Quoynt, wise, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line888">A. 889</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line160">A. 160</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line868">871</a>; curious, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1456">B. 1459</a>. See <a href="#gloss_quayntyse"><i>Quayntyse</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Quoyntis, clothing, <a href="poems.html#clean_line52">B. 54</a>. +“<i>Quoyntyse</i>, yn gay floryschynge, or other lyke. Virilia.” +(Prompt. Parv.)</p> + +<p>Quoyntyse, device, <a href="poems.html#patience_line36">C. 39</a>. +See <a href="#gloss_quayntyse"><i>Quayntyse</i></a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Quyk,<br> +Quik,</td> +<td><p>quick, living (<i>pl.</i> <i>quykeȝ</i>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1176">A. 1179</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line564">A. 567</a>), <a href="poems.html#clean_line324">B. 324</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Quyl, while, <a href="poems.html#clean_line624">B. 627</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">182b</span> +<a name="page182b" id="page182b"> </a> + +<p>Quyte, requite, reward, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line592">A. +595</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1632">B. 1632</a>.</p> + +<p>Quyte, white, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line220">A. 220</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line840">842</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line844">844</a>.</p> + + +<p class="letterhead"> +<a name="gloss_R" id="gloss_R" href="#glossary">R</a></p> + +<p><a name="gloss_raas" id="gloss_raas">Raas</a> = rase, rese, way, +course, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1164">A. 1167</a>. A.S. +<i>ræs</i>, way, course, race. Sw. <i>resa</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_rac" id="gloss_rac">Rac</a>, storm, vapour, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line432">B. 433</a>. N.Prov.E. <i>rack</i>, +driving clouds, clouds driven along by the wind.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“A <i>rak</i> and a royde wynde rose in her saile.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 1984)</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="gloss_rachche" id="gloss_rachche">Rachche</a>, proceed, +go, <a href="poems.html#clean_line616">B. 619</a>. A.S. <i>ræcan</i>, +to reach, extend. O.H.G. <i>rechen</i>. N.Prov.E. <i>ratch</i>, stretch. +Perhaps <i>rachche</i> is a softened form of <i>rayke</i> (Icel. +<i>reika</i>, to go), to go. S.Sax. <i>ruchen</i>.</p> + +<p>Rad, frightened, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1540">B. 1543</a>. +Sw. <i>raedd</i>, afraid. N.Prov.E. <i>rade</i>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“In a <i>rad</i> haste.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 917.)</p> +<p>“Vn-to the gryselyche gost Syr Gauane is gone,</p> +<p>And rayket to hit in a res, for he was neuyr <i>radde</i>;</p> +<p><i>Rad</i> was he neuyr ȝette, quoso ryȝte redus.”</p> +<p class="author">(The Anturs of Arther, p. 5; ix. 8, 9.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Radde, advised, <a href="poems.html#patience_line404">C. 406</a> +(<i>pret.</i> of <i>rede</i>, to advise). See <a href="#gloss_rede"><i>Rede</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Radly, readily, quickly. A.S. <i>rád</i>, ready, quick; +<i>rádlice</i>, speedily.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“The sight of þat semely sanke in hir herte,</p> +<p>And rauysshed hir <i>radly</i> þe rest of hir sawle.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 462)</p> +</div> + +<p>Raft, bereft, took, (<i>pret.</i> of <i>reve</i>), <a href="poems.html#clean_line1140">A. 1142</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1428">1431</a>; taken, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1736">B. 1739</a>. See <a href="#gloss_reue"><i>Reue</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Rak, <a href="poems.html#patience_line176">C. 176</a>. See <a href="#gloss_rac"><i>Rac</i></a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">183</span> +<a name="page183" id="page183"> </a> + +<p>Rakel, hasty, rash, <a href="poems.html#patience_line524">C. +526</a>. N.Prov.E. <i>rackle</i>.</p> + +<p>Rakente, chain (?), <a href="poems.html#patience_line188">C. +188</a>. A.S. <i>raccenta</i>.</p> + +<p>Rakke, <a href="poems.html#patience_line136">C. 139</a>. See +<a href="#gloss_rac"><i>Rac</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Ramelande, fetid, filthy, <a href="poems.html#patience_line276">C. +279</a>. Prov.E. <i>ram</i>, fetid; <i>rammely</i>, tall, rank; +<i>ramel</i>, rubbish, dirt.</p> + +<p>Randeȝ, paths, borders, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line104">A. +105</a>. A.S. <i>rand</i>, <i>rond</i>, a border, rim, edge.</p> + +<p>Rank, strong, severe, <a href="poems.html#clean_line232">B. +233</a>. Fris. <i>rank</i>, long-grown, rank. Dan. <i>rank</i>, upright. +See T. B. 1392, 1879.</p> + +<p>Ranker, rancour, <a href="poems.html#clean_line756">B. 756</a>.</p> + +<p>Rape, blow, <a href="poems.html#clean_line232">B. 233</a>. Sw. +<i>rapp</i>.</p> + +<p>Rapely, quickly, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line360">A. 363</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line1168">1168</a>. O.E. <i>rape</i>, haste. +O.N. <i>rápa</i>, cursitare. In T. B. rape = to hasten (818).</p> + +<p>Rasch, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1164">A. 1167</a>.</p> + +<p>Rasp, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1544">B. 1545</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1724">1724</a>.</p> + +<p>Rasse, summit, top, <a href="poems.html#clean_line444">B. 446</a>. +N.Prov.E. <i>raise</i>, a mound, cairn. O.N. <i>reysa</i>.</p> + +<p>Ratted, rent, ragged, <a href="poems.html#clean_line144">B. +144</a>; from O.E. <i>ratte</i>, to tear, rend. N.Prov.E. <i>rats</i>, +pieces, fragments. Fris. <i>rite</i>, tear, pull.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Thane the Romayns relevyde that are ware rebuykkyde,</p> +<p>And alle <i>to-rattys</i> oure mene with theire risté horsses.”</p> +<p class="author">(Morte Arthure, E. E. T. S. 2235.)</p> +</div> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Rauþe,<br> +Rawþe,</td> +<td><p>= ruth, pity, sorrow, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line856">A. +858</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line232">A. 233</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line972">972</a>; mercy, <a href="poems.html#patience_line20">B. 21</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Raue, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line360">A. 363</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line664">665</a>.</p> + +<p>Rauen, <a href="poems.html#clean_line452">B. 455</a>.</p> + +<p>Rauyste, ravished, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1088">A. +1088</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">183b</span> +<a name="page183b" id="page183b"> </a> + +<p>Rawe, row, “vpon a <i>rawe</i>,” in a row, in order, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line544">A. 545</a>.</p> + +<p>Raweȝ, rows, borders, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line104">A. +105</a>.</p> + +<p>Raw-sylk, <a href="poems.html#clean_line788">B. 790</a>.</p> + +<p>Raxled, roused up, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1172">A. 1174</a>. +A.S. <i>ræscian</i>, to shake, rustle. O.N. <i>ruska</i>. Sc. +<i>rax</i>, to stretch.</p> + +<p>Ray, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line160">A. 160</a>.</p> + +<p>Raykande, going, flowing, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line112">A. +112</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line380">B. 382</a>.</p> + +<p>Rayke, go, <a href="poems.html#clean_line464">A. 465</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line668">671</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line88">B. 89</a>. O.N. <i>reka</i>. N.Prov.E. +<i>rake</i>, to go about.</p> + +<p>Raynande, raining, <a href="poems.html#clean_line380">B. +382</a>.</p> + +<p>Rayn-ryfte, rain-fissure, <a href="poems.html#clean_line368">B. +368</a>.</p> + +<p>Raysoun, reason, cause, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line268">A. +268</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line188">C. 191</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Raȝt,<br> +Raȝte,</td> +<td><p>afforded, extended (<i>pret.</i> of <i>rache</i>), <a href="poems.html#clean_line560">B. 561</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line764">766</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1688">1691</a>. See <a href="#gloss_rachche"><i>Rachche</i></a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Reame, realm, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1316">B. 1316</a>.</p> + +<p>Rebaude, ribald, <a href="poems.html#clean_line872">B. 873</a>. Fr. +<i>ribald</i>, from O.H.G. <i>hrúpa</i>, a prostitute. +(Burguy.)</p> + +<p>Rebel, <a href="poems.html#clean_line452">B. 455</a>.</p> + +<p>Rebounde, <a href="poems.html#clean_line420">B. 422</a>.</p> + +<p>Rebuke, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line364">A. 367</a>.</p> + +<p>Recen, tell, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line824">A. 827</a>. A.S. +<i>recan</i>.</p> + +<p>Reche, reach, extend, <a href="poems.html#clean_line8">B. 10</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1368">1369</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Rech,<br> +Reche,</td> +<td><p>reck, care, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line332">A. 333</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line464">B. 465</a>. A.S. +<i>récan</i>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Reche = reke, smoke, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1008">B. +1009</a>. A.S. <i>reác</i>.</p> + +<p>Recorde, <i>sb.</i> <a href="poems.html#pearl_line828">A. 831</a>; +<i>vb.</i> <a href="poems.html#clean_line24">B. 25</a>.</p> + +<p>Recoverer, recovery, <a href="poems.html#clean_line392">B. +394</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_rede" id="gloss_rede">Rede</a>, <i>vb.</i> to +counsel, advise, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1344">A. 1346</a>; +explain, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1576">B. 1578</a>. A.S. +<i>rædan</i>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Redles,<br> +<a name="gloss_redeles" id="gloss_redeles">Redeles</a>,</td> +<td><p>without counsel, uncertain, fearful, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1196">A. 1197</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line500">B. 502</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<span class="pagenum">184</span> +<a name="page184" id="page184"> </a> + +<p>Refete, feed, refresh, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line88">A. 88</a>; +<a href="poems.html#patience_line20">C. 20</a>.</p> + +<p>Reflayr, smell, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line44">A. 46</a>; odour, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1076">B. 1079</a>. Fr. <i>flairer</i>, +to smell. Prov. Fr. <i>flairar</i>, to smell, sniff.</p> + +<p>Refrayne, <a href="poems.html#clean_line756">B. 756</a>.</p> + +<p>Reget, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1064">A. 1064</a>.</p> + +<p>Regretted, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line240">A. 243</a>.</p> + +<p>Regioun, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1176">A. 1178</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line760">B. 760</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line964">964</a>.</p> + +<p>Rehayte, cheer, <a href="poems.html#clean_line124">B. 127</a>. +O.Fr. <i>rehaiter.</i></p> + +<p>Reiatéȝ, kingdoms, royalties, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line768">A. +769</a>. O.Fr. <i>reiauté</i> = <i>reialté</i>, royalty.</p> + +<p>Reken, beautiful, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line4">A. 5</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line904">906</a>; joyous, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line92">A. 92</a>; merry, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1080">A. 1082</a>; pious, <a href="poems.html#clean_line8">A. 10</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line736">738</a>; wise, <a href="poems.html#clean_line756">B. 756</a>. See Wright’s Lyrical Poems, +p. 27. A.S. <i>recan</i>. O.S. <i>recon</i>, to order, direct. Pl. +D. <i>reken</i>, right, straight, orderly.</p> + +<p>Rekenly, nobly, princely, <a href="poems.html#clean_line124">B. +127</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1316">1318</a>.</p> + +<p>Rekken up, <a href="poems.html#cleanness">A. 2</a>.</p> + +<p>Relande, reeling, <a href="poems.html#patience_line268">C. +270</a>.</p> + +<p>Rele, reel, roll, <a href="poems.html#patience_line144">C. +147</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Reles,<br> +Relece,</td> +<td><p>cessation, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line956">A. 956</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line760">B. 760</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Releue, <a href="poems.html#patience_line320">C. 323</a>.</p> + +<p>Relusaunt, shining, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line156">A. 159</a>. +O.Fr. <i>reluire</i>, to shine.</p> + +<p>Relygioun, <a href="poems.html#clean_line4">B. 7</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1156">1156</a>.</p> + +<p>Relyke, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1156">B. 1156</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1268">1269</a>.</p> + +<p>Reme, realm, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line448">A. 448</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line732">735</a>.</p> + +<p>Reme, lament, cry, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line856">A. 858</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line1180">1181</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line500">C. 502</a>. A.S. <i>hreman</i>.</p> + +<p>Remembre, <a href="poems.html#patience_line324">C. 326</a>.</p> + +<p>Remnaunt, remainder, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1160">A. +1160</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line432">B. 433</a>.</p> + +<p>Remorde, grieved, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line364">A. +364</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Remue,<br> +Remwe,</td> +<td><p>remove, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line424">A. 427</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line896">899</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line644">B. 646</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1672">1673</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<span class="pagenum">184b</span> +<a name="page184b" id="page184b"> </a> + +<p>Renay, reject, forsake, <a href="poems.html#clean_line104">A. +105</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line344">B. 344</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Renge,<br> +Rengne,</td> +<td><p>reign, <a href="poems.html#clean_line328">B. 328</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1320">1321</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Rengneȝ, courses, <a href="poems.html#clean_line524">B. 527</a>. +A.S. <i>ryne</i>, course.</p> + +<p>Renischche, foreign, strange, <a href="poems.html#clean_line96">B. +96</a>. See <a class="error" href="#gloss_runisch" title="entry spelled ‘Runisch’"><i>Runische</i></a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +<a name="gloss_renk" id="gloss_renk">Renk</a>,<br> +Renke,</td> +<td><p>a man, originally a warrior, <a href="poems.html#clean_line4">B. 7</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line96">96</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line764">766</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line968">969</a>. A.S. <i>rinc</i>. O.N. +<i>reckr</i>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Renne, run, <a href="poems.html#clean_line524">B. 527</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1392">1392</a>.</p> + +<p>Renoun, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line984">A. 986</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1180">1182</a>.</p> + +<p>Renowleȝ, renews, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1080">A. +1080</a>.</p> + +<p>Renyschly, fiercely, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1724">B. +1724</a>. See <a class="error" href="#gloss_runisch" title="entry spelled ‘Runisch’"><i>Runische</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Reparde, kept back, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line608">A. +611</a>.</p> + +<p>Repayre, <i>vb.</i> <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1028">A. +1028</a>.</p> + +<p>Repente, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line660">A. 662</a>.</p> + +<p>Repreue, reprove, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line544">A. +544</a>.</p> + +<p>Requeste, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line280">A. 281</a>.</p> + +<p>Rere, rise, <a href="poems.html#clean_line364">A. 366</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line420">423</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line188">A. 188</a>; raise, <a href="poems.html#clean_line872">C. 873</a>; proceed, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line160">B. 160</a>.</p> + +<p>Rert, if not <i>rered</i>, raised = <i>ert</i>, powerful, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line588">A. 591</a>. Cf. <i>ertid</i>. T. B. +2641, 4841.</p> + +<p>Res, onset, assault, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1780">B. +1782</a>. See <a href="#gloss_raas"><i>Raas</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Reset, resting place, seat, abode, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1064">A. 1067</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Resonabele,<br> +Resounable,</td> +<td><p><a href="poems.html#pearl_line520">A. 523</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line724">B. 724</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Resoun, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line664">A. 665</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line716">716</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1632">B. 1633</a>.</p> + +<p>Respecte, “in respecte of,” <a href="poems.html#pearl_line84">A. +84</a>.</p> + +<p>Respyt, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line644">A. 644</a>.</p> + +<p>Resse, “on resse,” in course, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line872">A. +874</a>. See <a href="#gloss_raas"><i>Raas</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Restay, keep back, restrain, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line716">A. +716</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1168">1168</a>.</p> + +<p>Restleȝ = restless, unceasing, <a href="poems.html#clean_line524">B. 527</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">185</span> +<a name="page185" id="page185"> </a> + +<p>Restore, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line656">A. 659</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1704">B. 1705</a>.</p> + +<p>Retrete, treat of, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line92">A. 92</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_reue" id="gloss_reue">Reue</a>, bereave, <a href="poems.html#patience_line484">C. 487</a>. A.S. <i>refian</i>, +<i>reafian</i>. O.Fris. <i>râva</i>.</p> + +<p>Reuel, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1368">B. 1369</a>.</p> + +<p>Reuer, river, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line104">A. 105</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Reuerence,<br> +Reverens,</td> +<td><p><a href="poems.html#clean_line8">B. 10</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1316">1318</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Rewarde, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line604">A. 604</a>.</p> + +<p>Rewfully, sorrowfully, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1180">A. +1181</a>.</p> + +<p>Rewled, ruled, ordered, <a href="poems.html#clean_line292">B. +294</a>.</p> + +<p>Reynyeȝ, reins, <a href="poems.html#clean_line592">B. 592</a>.</p> + +<p>Reȝtful, rightful, <a href="poems.html#clean_line724">B. +724</a>.</p> + +<p>Rial, royal, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1080">B. 1082</a>.</p> + +<p>Rialté, royalty, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1320">B. +1321</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_ridlande" id="gloss_ridlande">Ridlande</a>, +dropping (as out of a sieve), oozing, <a href="poems.html#clean_line952">B. 953</a>. A.S. <i>hriddel</i>, +a sieve; <i>hridrian</i>, to sift.</p> + +<p>Riboudrye, ribaldry, <a href="poems.html#clean_line184">B. +184</a>.</p> + +<p>Rigge, back, <a href="poems.html#patience_line376">C. 379</a>. A.S. +<i>hrycg</i>.</p> + +<p>Rifteȝ, pieces, fragments, <a href="poems.html#clean_line964">B. +964</a>.</p> + +<p>Ring = rink, man, <a href="poems.html#clean_line592">B. 592</a>. +See <a href="#gloss_renk"><i>Renk</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Robbor, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1268">B. 1269</a>.</p> + +<p>Roborrye, <a href="poems.html#clean_line184">B. 184</a>.</p> + +<p>Roche, rock, <a href="poems.html#clean_line536">B. 537</a>.</p> + +<p>Rode, cross, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line704">A. 705</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line96">C. 96</a>.</p> + +<p>Rok, crowd, throng, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1512">B. +1514</a>. Sc. <i>rok</i>. O.Sw. <i>rok</i>, cumulus.</p> + +<p>Rollande, curly, waving, <a href="poems.html#clean_line788">B. +790</a>.</p> + +<p>Rome = roam, go, <a href="poems.html#patience_line52">C. +52</a>.</p> + +<p>Romy, roar, howl, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1540">B. 1543</a>. +A.S. <i>reomian</i>, to cry out. O.E. <i>rome</i>. Sc. <i>rame</i>. Sw. +<i>raama</i>.</p> + +<p>Ronk = rank, fine, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line844">A. 844</a>; +bold, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1164">A. 1167</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line488">A. 490</a>; bad, <a href="poems.html#clean_line452">A. 455</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line760">760</a>; full grown, <a href="poems.html#clean_line868">C. 869</a>; <i>sb.</i> boldness, <a href="poems.html#patience_line296">B. 298</a>.</p> + +<p>Ronkly, fiercely, <a href="poems.html#patience_line428">C. +431</a>.</p> + +<p>Rop, rope, <a href="poems.html#patience_line148">C. 150</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">185b</span> +<a name="page185b" id="page185b"> </a> + +<p>Rop, gut, intestine, <a href="poems.html#patience_line268">C. +270</a>. N.Prov.E. <i>ropps</i>, the guts. A.S. <i>roppas</i>, the +bowels, entrails, the <i>raps</i>. Cf. A.S. <i>rop</i>-weorc, the +colic.</p> +<p class="quotation"> +“Huervore he (the liar) is ase the gamelos (chameleon), thet leveth by +the eyr, and naȝt ne heth ine his <i>roppes</i> bote wynd, and heth ech +manere colour, thet ne heth non (of) his oȝen.”</p> +<p class="author">(The Ayenbite of Inwyt, E. E. T. S. +p. 62.)</p> + +<p>Rore, roar, cry, <a href="poems.html#clean_line388">B. 390</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1540">1543</a>.</p> + +<p>Rose, praise, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1368">B. 1371</a>. Sc. +<i>ruse</i>. Sw. <i>rosa</i>. Dan. <i>rose</i>, to praise.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Rot,<br> +Rote,</td> +<td><p>root, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line24">A. 26</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Rote, <i>sb.</i> rot, decay, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1076">B. +1079</a>.</p> + +<p>Rote, lyre of seven strings, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1080">B. +1082</a>. O.H.G. <i>hrotta</i>. M.H.G. <i>rotte</i>. W. <i>crwth</i>. +Eng. <i>crowd</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_rotheled" id="gloss_rotheled">Roþeled</a>, +prepared, <a href="poems.html#clean_line56">A. 59</a>; rushed, +hastened, <a href="poems.html#clean_line888">B. 890</a>. A.S. +<i>hrathian</i>, to be quick. Or from Welsh <i>rhuthr</i>, a sudden +gust, onset, assault. Lanc. <i>rhute</i>, passion. Sc. <i>ruther</i>, +uproar.</p> + +<p>Roþer, rudder, <a href="poems.html#clean_line416">B. 419</a>.</p> + +<p>Roþun, rush, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1008">B. 1009</a>. See +<a href="#gloss_rotheled"><i>Roþeled</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Roum, room, <a href="poems.html#clean_line96">B. 96</a>.</p> + +<p>Roun = rune, discourse, <a href="poems.html#patience_line512">C. +514</a>. A.S. <i>rún</i>, a letter, character, mystery, council, +conversation.</p> + +<p>Rourde, sound, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line112">A. 112</a>. A.S. +<i>reord</i>, <i>reard</i>, speech, language.</p> + +<p>Route, snore, <a href="poems.html#patience_line184">C. 186</a>. Fr. +<i>router</i>. O.N. <i>rauta</i>, to roar, bellow.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Dormiendo sonare, Anglice to <i>rowtyn</i>.”</p> +<p class="author">(MS. Bibl. Reg. 12 B. i. f. 88.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Rownande, murmuring, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line112">A. +112</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">186</span> +<a name="page186" id="page186"> </a> + +<p>Rowned, sounded, <a href="poems.html#patience_line64">C. 64</a>. +A.S. <i>rúnian</i>, to whisper.</p> + +<p>Rowtande, rushing, <a href="poems.html#clean_line352">B. 354</a>. +“A <i>routond</i> rayn<ins class="correction" title="close quote missing">,”</ins> T. B. 1986.</p> + +<p>Rowte, company, band, host, <a href="poems.html#clean_line968">B. +969</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1196">1197</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1780">1782</a>.</p> + +<p>Rowwe, row, <a href="poems.html#patience_line216">C. 216</a>.</p> + +<p>Royl, royal, <a href="poems.html#clean_line788">B. 790</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Roȝ,<br> +Roȝe,</td> +<td><p>rough, <a href="poems.html#clean_line380">A. 382</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1724">1724</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line136">A. 139</a>, <a href="poems.html#patience_line144">147</a>; roughness, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1544">C. 1545</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line144">B. 144</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Roȝly, roughly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line432">B. 433</a>. Is +it an error for <i>rwly</i>, sorrowful?</p> + +<p>Roȝt, cared for (<i>pret.</i> of <i>reche</i>), <a href="poems.html#patience_line460">C. 460</a>.</p> + +<p>Ruchen, fettle, set in order, <a href="poems.html#patience_line100">C. 101</a>. M.H.G. <i>rechen</i>. O.S. +<i>recon</i>. A.S. <i>recan</i>, to order, direct.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“(He) <i>riches</i> him radly to ride and remowis his ost.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 172.)</p> +<p>“[The king] Ricchis his reynys<ins class="correction" title=". invisible">.”</ins></p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 1231.)</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="gloss_ruddon" id="gloss_ruddon">Ruddon</a>, light, +literally redness, <a href="poems.html#clean_line892">B. 893</a>. O.N. +<i>rodna</i>, rubescere, erubescere; <i>rodi</i>, rubor, rubigo. Prov.E. +<i>roaded</i>, <i>rody</i>, streaked.</p> + +<p>Rudnyng, ? lightning, <a href="poems.html#patience_line136">C. +139</a>. See <a href="#gloss_ruddon"><i>Ruddon</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Rueled, rushed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line952">B. 953</a>. O.N. +<i>hrolla</i>. Dan. <i>rulle</i>.</p> + +<p>Ruful, sorrowful, pitiful, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line916">A. +916</a>.</p> + +<p>Runnen (<i>p.p.</i> of <i>rinne</i>), run, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line24">A. 26</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line872">874</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_runisch" id="gloss_runisch">Runisch</a>, strange, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1544">B. 1545</a>. A.S. <i>rénisc</i>, +hidden; from <i>rún</i>, a mystery.</p> + +<p>Runyschly, fiercely, roughly, <a href="poems.html#patience_line188">C. 191</a>. <i>Renisch</i> or +<i>runisch</i>, signifies not only strange but fierce, +<span class="pagenum">186b</span> +<a name="page186b" id="page186b"> </a> +rough. N.Prov.E. <i>rennish</i>, <i>rinnish</i>, furious.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Than has sire Dary dedeyne and derfely he lokes;</p> +<p>Rysys him up <i>renysche</i> and reȝt in his sete.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 100.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Rurd, cry, noise, <a href="poems.html#clean_line388">A. 390</a>; +<a href="poems.html#patience_line64">B. 64</a>. A.S. <i>reord</i>.</p> + +<p>Ruþe, arouse, <a href="poems.html#clean_line892">B. 895</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1208">1208</a>. See <a href="#gloss_rotheled"><i>Roþeled</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Ruyt, hasten, endeavour, <a href="poems.html#patience_line216">C. +216</a>. Fris. <i>rite</i>, to pull.</p> + +<p>Rwe, to pity, C<ins class="correction" title="text has , for .">. +</ins>176, 502; <i>vb. impers.</i> <i>rwe</i>, repent, <a href="poems.html#clean_line288">B. 290</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line560">561</a>. A.S. <i>hreówan</i>, to rue, repent, +grieve; <i>hreówian</i>, to be sorry for.</p> + +<p>Rwly = ruly, sorrowfully, piteously, <a href="poems.html#clean_line388">A. 390</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line96">B. 96</a>.</p> + +<p>Ryal, royal, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line160">A. 160</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line784">B. 786</a>.</p> + +<p>Ryally, royally, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line984">A. 987</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line812">B. 812</a>.</p> + +<p>Rybaude, ribald, <a href="poems.html#patience_line96">C. +96</a>.</p> + +<p>Rybe, ruby, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1004">A. 1007</a>.</p> + +<p>Ryche, kingdom, A<ins class="correction" title="text has , for .">. </ins>601, 722. A.S. <i>ríce</i>.</p> + +<p>Ryche, rich, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line768">A. 770</a>.</p> + +<p>Rydelande, drifting, <a href="poems.html#patience_line252">C. +254</a>. See <a href="#gloss_ridlande"><i>Ridlande</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Rydelles, without counsel, uncertain, <a href="poems.html#clean_line968">B. 969</a>. See <a href="#gloss_redeles"><i>Redeles</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Ryf = rife, abundant, plentiful, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line768">A. 770</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line844">844</a>. A.S. <i>ryf</i>, frequent. O.N. +<i>rifr</i>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Forþi he hight (promised) þam giftes <i>riif</i>,</p> +<p>Þat suld bring David of his liif;</p> +<p>In feild and tun, in frith and felle,</p> +<p>Saul soght David for to quelle.”</p> +<p class="author">(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 43<i>a</i>.)</p> +</div> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Ryg,<br> +Ryge,</td> +<td><p>rain, torrent, shower, <a href="poems.html#clean_line352">B. +354</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line380">382</a>. O.N. +<i>hregg</i>. A.S. <i>racu</i>. N.Prov.E. <i>rag</i>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<span class="pagenum">187</span> +<a name="page187" id="page187"> </a> + +<p>Ryngande, ringing, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1080">B. +1082</a>.</p> + +<p>Rynk, man, <a href="poems.html#patience_line216">C. 216</a>. See +<a href="#gloss_renk"><i>Renk</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Rypande, searching, trying, <a href="poems.html#clean_line592">B. +592</a>. O.E. <i>rype</i>, to probe, plunder. A.S. <i>rypan</i>; +N.Prov.E. to investigate.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Now if ye have suspowse to Gille or to me,</p> +<p>Com and <i>rype</i> oure howse, and then may ye se who had hir.”</p> +<p class="author">(Town. Myst. p. 112.)</p> +</div> + +<p class="continue">See State Papers, i. 295.</p> + + +<p>Rysed, rose, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1776">B. 1778</a>.</p> + +<p>Ryth, a hound, mastiff, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1540">B. +1543</a>. A.S. <i>riththa</i>, a mastiff.</p> + +<p>Ryȝt, right, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line620">A. 622</a>.</p> + +<p>Ryȝtwys, righteous, right, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line672">A. +675</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line488">C. 490</a>.</p> + +<p>Ryȝtwysly, aright, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line708">A. +709</a>.</p> + + +<p class="letterhead"> +<a name="gloss_S" id="gloss_S" href="#glossary">S</a></p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Sacrafyce,<br> +Sacrefyce,</td> +<td><p><a href="poems.html#clean_line508">A. 510</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1444">1447</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line236">B. 239</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket three"> +Sad,<br> +Sade,<br> +Sadde,</td> +<td><p>sad, staid, solemn, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line208">A. +211</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line884">887</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line592">A. 595</a>; long, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1284">A. 1286</a>; bitter, <a href="poems.html#clean_line524">B. 525</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Sadele, saddle, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1212">B. +1213</a>.</p> + +<p>Sadly, soundly, heavily, <a href="poems.html#patience_line440">C. +442</a>.</p> + +<p>Saf, safe, secure, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line672">A. +672</a>.</p> + +<p>Saf, save, except, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1748">B. +1749</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Saffer,<br> +Safyre,</td> +<td><p>sapphire, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1000">A. 1002</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1468">B. 1469</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Sage, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1576">B. 1576</a>.</p> + +<p>Saghe = saw, word, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line224">A. 226</a>. +See <a href="#gloss_saw"><i>Saw</i></a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_sake" id="gloss_sake">Sake</a>, fault, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line800">A. 800</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line84">C. 84</a>. A.S. <i>sacu</i>.</p> + +<p>Sakerfyse, sacrifice, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1064">A. +1064</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line504">B. 507</a>.</p> + +<p>Sakleȝ = sakeless, innocent, faultless, <a href="poems.html#clean_line716">B. 716</a>. Sc. <i>sackless</i>. O.N. +<i>saklaus</i>, innocent. See <a href="#gloss_sake"><i>Sake</i></a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">187b</span> +<a name="page187b" id="page187b"> </a> + +<p>Sakred, hallowed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1136">B. +1139</a>.</p> + +<p>Sale, hall, palace, <a href="poems.html#clean_line120">B. 120</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1260">1260</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1720">1722</a>. A.S. <i>sal</i>. T. B. +1657.</p> + +<p>Samen, <i>adv.</i> together, at once, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line516">A. 518</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line400">A. 400</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line468">468</a>; <i>adj.</i> <a href="poems.html#clean_line984">B. 985</a>. O.N. <i>saman</i>.</p> + +<p>Samen, to consort with, <a href="poems.html#clean_line868">B. +870</a>. A.S. <i>samnian</i>, to assemble, collect.</p> + +<p>Samne, assemble, <a href="poems.html#clean_line52">B. 53</a>.</p> + +<p>Samned, assembled, <a href="poems.html#clean_line124">B. 126</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line360">361</a>.</p> + +<p>Samnes (<i>imp.</i> of <i>samne</i>), <a href="poems.html#patience_line384">C. 385</a>.</p> + +<p>Sample, example, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line496">A. 499</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1324">B. 1326</a>.</p> + +<p>Sapyence, wisdom, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1624">B. +1626</a>.</p> + +<p>Sardiner, sardine stone, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1468">B. +1469</a>.</p> + +<p>Sardonyse, sardonyx, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1004">A. +1006</a>.</p> + +<p>Sarre (<i>comp.</i> of <i>sare</i>), sorer, more painful, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1192">A. 1195</a>; <i>superl.</i> +<i>sarrest</i>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1076">B. 1078</a>.</p> + +<p>Sattle, settle, <a href="poems.html#patience_line408">C. 409</a>. +N.Prov.E. <i>sattle</i>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Sau,<br> +Saue,</td> +<td><p>= saw, word, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1544">B. +1545</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Sauce, <a href="poems.html#clean_line820">B. 823</a>.</p> + +<p>Saudan, sultan, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1320">B. +1323</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Saule,<br> +Sawle,</td> +<td><p>soul, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line460">A. 461</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line288">A. 290</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line324">B. 325</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Saundyuer, sandever, glass-gall, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1036">B. 1036</a>.</p> + +<p>Sauter, psalter, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line676">A. 677</a>.</p> + +<p>Sauteray, psaltery, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1516">B. +1516</a>.</p> + +<p>Saue, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line664">A. 666</a>.</p> + +<p>Sauer, <i>vb.</i> savour, <a href="poems.html#clean_line824">B. +825</a>.</p> + +<p>Sauerly, savourly, sweet, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line224">A. +226</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Sauor,<br> +Savour,</td> +<td><p><a href="poems.html#clean_line508">A. 510</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line992">995</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1444">1447</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line272">B. 275</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Sauyté, safety, <a href="poems.html#clean_line488">B. 489</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +<a name="gloss_saw" id="gloss_saw">Saw</a>,<br> +Sawe,</td> +<td><p>word, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line276">A. 278</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line108">B. 109</a>. A.S. <i>sagu</i>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Sayde = sadde, stedfast, <a href="poems.html#clean_line468">B. +470</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">188</span> +<a name="page188" id="page188"> </a> + +<p>Saym, fat, grease, <a href="poems.html#patience_line272">C. +275</a>. Prov.E. <i>saim</i>, seam, lard. W. <i>saim</i>.</p> + +<p>Sayned, blessed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line744">B. 746</a>. +A.S. <i>senian</i>. Ger. <i>segnen</i>, to bless.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Swa sal I <i>saine</i> þe in lif mine,</p> +<p>Sic benedicam te in vita mea,</p> +<p>And sal lift mi handes in name thine,</p> +<p>Et in nomine tuo levabo manus meas.”</p> +<p class="author">(Psalm lxii. 5.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Saynt, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line832">A. 835</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Saȝ,<br> +Saȝe,</td> +<td><p>word, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1596">B. 1599</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1736">1737</a>. See <a href="#gloss_saw"><i>Saw</i></a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Saȝ, saw, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1020">A. 1021</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Saȝt,<br> +Saȝte,</td> +<td><p>reconciliation, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1200">A. +1201</a>; <i>adj.</i> at peace, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line52">A. 52</a>. A.S. <i>saht</i>, peace; +<i>saht</i>, reconciled; <i>sahtlian</i>, to reconcile.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Saȝtled, appeased, reconciled, <a href="poems.html#clean_line228">B. 230</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1136">1139</a>.</p> + +<p>Saȝtled, settled, restored, <a href="poems.html#clean_line444">A. +445</a>; became calm, <a href="poems.html#patience_line232">B. +232</a>.</p> + +<p>Saȝtlyng, reconciliation, peace, <a href="poems.html#clean_line488">B. 490</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1792">1795</a>.</p> + +<p>Saȝttel, to be calm, patient, <a href="poems.html#patience_line528">C. 529</a>.</p> + +<p>Scale, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1004">A. 1005</a>.</p> + +<p>Scape, escape, <a href="poems.html#clean_line60">A. 62</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line528">529</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line928">928</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line152">B. 155</a>.</p> + +<p>Scarre = scare, <i>vb.</i> be frightened, <a href="poems.html#clean_line596">A. 598</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line836">838</a>; scatter, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1784">B. 1784</a>. N.Prov.E. <i>skair</i>, +wild, timid. S.Sax. <i>skerren</i>, to terrify.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_scathe" id="gloss_scathe">Scaþe</a>, harm, ruin, +wrong, sin, <a href="poems.html#clean_line20">B. 21</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line196">196</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line568">569</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line600">600</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1148">1148</a>.</p> + +<p>Scaþe, to break, destroy, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1776">B. +1776</a>. A.S. <i>scethan</i>, to injure, hurt, harm. <i>Sceththe</i>, +injury, loss, guilt.</p> + +<p>Scaþel, dangerous, <a href="poems.html#patience_line152">C. +155</a>. Goth. <i>skathuls</i>. O.H.G. <i>scadhal</i>, hurtful. +<span class="pagenum">188b</span> +<a name="page188b" id="page188b"> </a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Lokez the contree be clere the corners are large:</p> +<p>Discoveres now sekerly skrogges and other,</p> +<p>That no <i>skathelle</i> (hurtful thing) in the skroggez skorne us +here-aftyre;</p> +<p>Loke ȝe skyfte it so that no <i>skathe</i> lympe.”</p> +<p class="author">(Morte Arthure, pp. 137-8.)</p> +</div> + +<p class="continue">Ascalphus, a <i>skathel</i> duke, T. B. +4067.</p> + + +<p>Scelt, spread, served (?), <a href="poems.html#clean_line824">B. +827</a>.</p> + +<p>Schad, descended, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1688">B. +1690</a>.</p> + +<p>Schadowed, shaded, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line40">A. 42</a>.</p> + +<p>Schaftes, beams, rays, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line980">A. +982</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line452">C. 455</a>. A.S. +<i>sceaft</i>, dart, arrow.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“(He) had on a mitre</p> +<p>Was forged all of fyne gold, and fret fulle of perrils,</p> +<p>Stiȝt staffulle of stanes that straȝt out bemes</p> +<p>As it ware schemerand <i>schaftis</i> of the schire sonne.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 53.)</p> +</div> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Schalk,<br> +Schalkke,</td> +<td><p>man, fellow, <a href="poems.html#clean_line760">A. 762</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1028">1029</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line476">B. 476</a>. A.S. <i>scealc</i>, +a warrior, serving man. Goth. <i>skalks</i>. O.S. <i>scalc</i>. +O.N. <i>skálkr</i>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Schape, devise, form, <a href="poems.html#patience_line244">A. +247</a>; endeavour, <a href="poems.html#clean_line760">C. 762</a>; +happen, <a href="poems.html#patience_line160">B. 160</a>. A.S. +<i>scapan</i>, to appoint, shape, create. O.N. <i>skapa</i>.</p> + +<p>Schauen, shaven, scraped, B<ins class="correction" title="text has , for .">. </ins>1134.</p> + +<p>Schawe, show, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1596">B. 1599</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Schawe,<br> +Schaȝe,</td> +<td><p>grove, thicket, wood, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line284">A. +284</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line452">C. 452</a>. Prov.E. +<i>scow</i>, <i>shaw</i>. O.N. <i>skógr</i>, Dan. <i>skov</i>, +a wood.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Schede, depart, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line408">A. 411</a>.</p> + +<p>Scheldeȝ, shields (of a boar), <a href="poems.html#clean_line56">B. +58</a>.</p> + +<p>Schende, ruin, destroy, <a href="poems.html#clean_line516">B. +519</a>. +<span class="pagenum">189</span> +<a name="page189" id="page189"> </a> +A.S. <i>scendan</i>, to confound, shame, destroy.</p> + +<p>Schended, accursed, <a href="poems.html#patience_line244">C. +246</a>.</p> + +<p>Schene = sheen, <i>sb.</i> bright, beautiful, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line164">A. 166</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line964">965</a>; brightness, <a href="poems.html#patience_line440">A. 440</a>; <i>adj.</i> <a href="poems.html#pearl_line200">C. 203</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1144">1145</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1076">B. 1076</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1308">1310</a>. A.S. <i>sceone</i>, beautiful; +<i>scine</i>, splendour.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Schent,<br> +Schente,</td> +<td><p>destroyed, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line668">A. 668</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1028">A. 1029</a>; ruined, <a href="poems.html#clean_line44">B. 47</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line580">580</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Schep, sheep, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line800">A. 801</a>.</p> + +<p>Schepon, stall, stable, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1076">B. +1076</a>. A.S. <i>scypen</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_schere" id="gloss_schere">Schere</a>, divide, +separate, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line104">A. 107</a>; purify, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line164">A. 165</a>. A.S. <i>scéran</i>, to +divide.</p> + +<p>Schet, shut, <a href="poems.html#patience_line452">C. 452</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_schin" id="gloss_schin">Schin</a>, shall, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1432">B. 1435</a>. See “Liber Cure Cocorum,” p. +29, l. 29.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“For in a slac thou shalle be slayn,</p> +<p>Seche ferlès <i>schyn</i> falle!”</p> +<p class="author">(The Anturs of Arther, p. 12, xxiii. 13.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Schome, shame, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1112">B. 1115</a>.</p> + +<p>Schomely, shamefully, <a href="poems.html#patience_line128">C. +128</a>.</p> + +<p>Schonied, shunned, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1100">B. +1101</a>.</p> + +<p>Schor, shower, <a href="poems.html#clean_line224">B. 227</a>.</p> + +<p>Schore, shore, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line228">A. 230</a>.</p> + +<p>Schorne (gold), purified, refined, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line212">A. 213</a>. See <a href="#gloss_schere"><i>Schere</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Schortly, quickly, hastily, <a href="poems.html#clean_line516">B. +519</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line600">600</a>.</p> + +<p>Schowte, shout, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line876">A. 877</a>.</p> + +<p>Schowue, shove, <a href="poems.html#clean_line44">B. 44</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1028">1029</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1740">1740</a>.</p> + +<p>Schrewe, a wicked person, a wretch, <a href="poems.html#clean_line184">A. 186</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line76">B. 77</a>.</p> + +<p>Schrewedschyp, wickedness, <a href="poems.html#clean_line580">B. +580</a>.</p> + +<p>Schrowde, clothing, <a href="poems.html#clean_line44">B. 47</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line168">170</a>. A.S. <i>scrúd</i>, garment, +shroud.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">189b</span> +<a name="page189b" id="page189b"> </a> + +<p>Schrylle = shrill, clear, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line80">A. +80</a>.</p> + +<p>Schulder, shoulder, <a href="poems.html#clean_line980">B. 981</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1688">1690</a>.</p> + +<p>Schunt = aside, aslant, <a href="poems.html#clean_line604">B. +605</a>. O.E. <i>shunt</i>, to slip aside, withdraw. A.S. +<i>scunian</i>, to shun. Du. <i>schuins</i>, slope, slant.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“He schodirde and schrenkys and <i>shontes</i> bott lyttille.”</p> +<p class="author">(Morte Arthure, p. 354.)</p> +<p>“ȝa werpes tham up (the ȝates) quoth</p> +<p class="indent">the wee, and wide open settes,</p> +<p>If at ȝe schap ȝow to <i>schount</i> unschent</p> +<p class="indent">of oure handes.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 73.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Schylde, to shield, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line964">A. 965</a>; +<a href="poems.html#patience_line440">C. 440</a>.</p> + +<p>Schyldere, shoulder, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line212">A. +214</a>.</p> + +<p>Schym, bright, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1076">A. 1077</a>. +A.S. <i>scima</i>, a brightness. M.H.G. <i>schîm</i>. A.S. +<i>sciman</i>, to glitter, shine. See T. B. 4974.</p> + +<p>Schymeryng, <i>sb.</i> brightness, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line80">A. 80</a>. A.S. <i>scimrian</i>, to shine. Du. +<i>schémeren</i>, to dazzle. Sw. <i>skimra</i>, to glitter.</p> + +<p>Schyn, shall, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1808">B. 1810</a>. See +<a href="#gloss_schin"><i>Schin</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Schynde, shone, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line80">A. 80</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Schyr,<br> +<a name="gloss_schyre" id="gloss_schyre">Schyre</a>,</td> +<td><p>brightly, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line28">A. 28</a>; bright, +beautiful, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line40">A. 42</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line284">284</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line552">A. 553</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line604">605</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1276">1278</a>; bare, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1688">A. 1690</a>. Comp. <i>schyrrer</i>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line980">B. 982</a>. A.S. <i>scír</i>, +<i>sheer</i>, pure, clear, bright. See T. B. 1269.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Sclade = slade, valley, green plain, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1148">A. 1148</a>. A.S. <i>slæd</i>.</p> + +<p>Sclaȝt, slaughter, <a href="poems.html#clean_line56">B. 56</a>.</p> + +<p>Scoghe, scoff, or perhaps perverseness, backsliding, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line608">A. 610</a>. A.S. <i>sceoh</i>, askew, +perverse.</p> + +<p>Scole, cup, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1144">B. 1145</a>. O.N. +<i>skál</i>. Dan. <i>skaal</i>.</p> + +<p>Scolere, scholar, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1552">B. +1554</a>.</p> + +<p>Scomfyt, to discomfit, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1784">B. +1784</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">190</span> +<a name="page190" id="page190"> </a> + +<p>Scope, scoop, <a href="poems.html#patience_line152">C. 155</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Scorn,<br> +Scorne,</td> +<td><p><i>vb.</i> <a href="poems.html#clean_line708">A. 709</a>; +<i>sb.</i> <a href="poems.html#clean_line824">B. 827</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Scoumfit, discomfited, <a href="poems.html#clean_line148">B. +151</a>.</p> + +<p>Scowte-wach, sentinel, guard, <a href="poems.html#clean_line836">B. +838</a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Thane the price mene prekes and proves theire horsez,</p> +<p>Satilles to the cete appone sere halfes;</p> +<p>Enserches the subbarbes sadly thare-aftyre,</p> +<p>And skyrmys a lyttille;</p> +<p>Skayres thaire skottefers</p> +<p>And theire <i>skowtte-waches</i>.”</p> +<p class="author">(Morte Arthure, p. 206.)</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="gloss_scoymous" id="gloss_scoymous">Scoymous</a>, +particular, scrupulous, fearful, <a href="poems.html#clean_line20">B. +21</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1148">1148</a>.</p> + +<p>Scrof, rough, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1544">B. 1546</a>.</p> + +<p>Scrypture, writing, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1544">B. +1546</a>.</p> + +<p>Scue. See <a href="#gloss_skewe"><i>Skewe</i></a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_scylle" id="gloss_scylle">Scylle</a>, wit, <a href="poems.html#clean_line148">B. 151</a>. It signifies also reason, +cause. O.N. <i>skil</i>.</p> + +<p>Scylful, wise, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1148">B. 1148</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Sech,<br> +Seche,</td> +<td><p>seek, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line352">A. 354</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line28">B. 29</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line420">420</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p><a name="gloss_seele" id="gloss_seele">Seele</a>, joy, happiness, +<a href="poems.html#patience_line240">C. 242</a>. A.S. <i>sél</i>, +good, excellent. Cf. <i>unsell</i>, T. B. 1961.</p> + +<p>Sege, seat, <a href="poems.html#patience_line92">C. 93</a>. Fr. +<i>siége</i>.</p> + +<p>Sege, siege, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1184">B. 1185</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Segg,<br> +Segge,</td> +<td><p>a man, servant, <a href="poems.html#clean_line92">B. 93</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line396">398</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line548">549</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line680">681</a>. A.S. <i>secg</i>, a man, +literally a messenger, speaker; from <i>secgan</i>, to say.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Segge, say, <a href="poems.html#clean_line620">B. 621</a>.</p> + +<p>Segh, saw, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line788">A. 790</a>.</p> + +<p>Sekke, sack, <a href="poems.html#patience_line380">C. 382</a>.</p> + +<p>Selconth, a marvel, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1272">B. +1274</a>. A.S. <i>sel-cúth</i> = <i>seld-cúth</i>, rare, seldom +known.</p> + +<p>Selden, seldom, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line380">A. 380</a>. A.S. +<i>seldan</i>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">190b</span> +<a name="page190b" id="page190b"> </a> + +<p>Sele, happiness, bliss, <a href="poems.html#patience_line4">C. +5</a>. See <a href="#gloss_seele"><i>Seele</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Selepe = slep, slept, <a href="poems.html#patience_line184">C. +186</a>.</p> + +<p>Self, very, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1044">A. 1046</a>; same, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1768">B. 1769</a>.</p> + +<p>Selly, a marvel, <a href="poems.html#patience_line140">A. 140</a>; +wonderfully, <a href="poems.html#patience_line352">C. 353</a>. A.S. +<i>séllíc</i>, <i>síllíc</i>, worthy, wonderful; <i>séllíce</i>, +wonderfully.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“For thou has samned, as men sais, a <i>selly</i> noimbre</p> +<p>Of wrichis and wirlinges out of the west endis,</p> +<p>Of laddis and of losengers and of litille thevys.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 59.)</p> +</div> + +<p class="continue">See T. B. 1544.</p> + + +<p>Sely, fortunate, blessed, happy, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line656">A. 659</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line488">B. 490</a>. See <a href="#gloss_seele"><i>Seele</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Sem, seam, <a href="poems.html#clean_line552">B. 555</a>.</p> + +<p>Semblaunt, appearance, cheer, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line208">A. +211</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1140">1143</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line128">B. 131</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line640">640</a>.</p> + +<p>Semblé, assembly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line124">B. +126</a>.</p> + +<p>Sembled, assembled, <a href="poems.html#patience_line176">C. +177</a>.</p> + +<p>Seme, seemly, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line188">A. 190</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line548">B. 549</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1808">1810</a>. O.Sw. <i>sæma</i>. Dan. +<i>sömme</i>, to be fitting, bear one’s self becomingly. O.N. +<i>sæmr</i>, seemly.</p> + +<p>Seme, to be fitting, become, <a href="poems.html#clean_line792">B. +793</a>.</p> + +<p>Semed, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line760">A. 760</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket three"> +Semely,<br> +Semly,<br> +Semlych,</td> +<td><p>seemly, beautiful, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line32">A. 34</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line788">789</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line208">A. 209</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1440">1442</a>. Comp. <i>sem-loker</i>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line868">B. 868</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Sengeley, ever, constantly, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line8">A. +8</a>. A.S. <i>singallíce</i>, perpetually.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Ser,<br> +Sere,</td> +<td><p>diverse, various, separate, <a href="poems.html#clean_line356">A. 358</a>; <i>ser kynde</i>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line504">A. 507</a>; <i>sere course</i>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1416">A. 1418</a>; <i>ser wyse</i>, <a href="poems.html#patience_line12">B. 12</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<span class="pagenum">191</span> +<a name="page191" id="page191"> </a> + +<p>Serelych, severally, separately, <a href="poems.html#patience_line192">C. 193</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_sergaunt" id="gloss_sergaunt">Sergaunt</a>, a +royal servant, a squire, <a href="poems.html#clean_line108">B. +109</a>.</p> + +<p>Serges, wax tapers, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1488">B. +1489</a>. Lat. <i>cerea</i>.</p> + +<p>Seriaunte, sergeant, <a href="poems.html#patience_line384">C. +385</a>. See <a href="#gloss_sergaunt"><i>Sergaunt</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Serkyndeȝ, diverse kinds, <a href="poems.html#clean_line336">B. +336</a>.</p> + +<p>Serlypeȝ, diverse, different, separate, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line992">A. 994</a>.</p> + +<p>Sermoun, discourse, speech, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1184">A. +1185</a>.</p> + +<p>Sertain, certainly, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line684">A. +685</a>.</p> + +<p>Seruage, bondage, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1256">B. +1257</a>.</p> + +<p>Seruaunt, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line696">A. 699</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line628">B. 631</a>.</p> + +<p>Serue, avail, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line328">A. 331</a>.</p> + +<p>Serue, deserve, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line552">A. 553</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1112">B. 1115</a>.</p> + +<p>Seruyse, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1152">B. 1152</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1400">1401</a>.</p> + +<p>Sese, cease, <a href="poems.html#clean_line520">A. 523</a>; +<i>seseȝ</i>, let cease, <a href="poems.html#patience_line388">B. +391</a>.</p> + +<p>Sesoune, season, <a href="poems.html#clean_line520">B. 523</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Sessed,<br> +Sesed,</td> +<td><p>took possession of, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line416">A. +417</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1312">B. 1313</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Sete,<br> +Seete,</td> +<td><p>sat, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line160">A. 161</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1168">A. 1171</a>. <i>pl.</i> <i>seten</i>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1760">B. 1763</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Sete, seat, <a href="poems.html#patience_line24">C. 24</a>.</p> + +<p>Seþe = seethe, boil, <a href="poems.html#clean_line628">B. +631</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Seue,<br> +Seve,</td> +<td><p>= sewe, sew, a kind of pottage, <a href="poems.html#clean_line108">B. 108</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line824">825</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Sewer, the officer who set and removed the dishes, tasted them, etc., +<a href="poems.html#clean_line636">B. 639</a>.</p> + +<p>Sewrté, surety, <a href="poems.html#patience_line56">C. 58</a>.</p> + +<p>Sexte, sixth, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1004">A. 1007</a>.</p> + +<p>Seyed, passed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line352">B. 353</a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“<i>Seyet</i> furth with sory chere.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 2512.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Seysoun, season, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line36">A. 39</a>.</p> + +<p>Seȝ, saw, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line156">A. 158</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line528">531</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line696">698</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line208">B. 209</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">191b</span> +<a name="page191b" id="page191b"> </a> + +<p>Side-borde, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1396">B. 1398</a>.</p> + +<p>Siue, sieve, <a href="poems.html#clean_line224">B. 226</a>.</p> + +<p>Skarmoch, fight, skirmish, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1184">B. +1186</a>.</p> + +<p>Skaþe, harm, danger, sin, <a href="poems.html#clean_line148">B. +151</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line596">598</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1184">1186</a>. See <a href="#gloss_scathe"><i>Scaþe</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Skele, dish, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1404">B. 1405</a>.</p> + +<p>Skelt, scattered, spread, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1184">B. +1186</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1204">1206</a>. O.E. +<i>skale</i>, to scatter. N.Prov.E. <i>scale</i>, to spread. See Hall, +Richard III. f. 15. A.S. <i>scylan</i>, to separate, divide; +<i>pret.</i> <i>scel</i>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Skairen out skoute wacche for <i>skeltyng</i> of harme.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 1089, 6042.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Skelt, hasten, run, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1552">B. +1554</a>. Sw. <i>skala</i>, to scamper, scour.</p> + +<p>Skete, quick, sudden, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1184">A. +1186</a>; quickly, <a href="poems.html#patience_line192">B. 195</a>. +See T. B. 13672. O.N. <i>skjótt</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_skewe" id="gloss_skewe">Skewe</a>, sky, cloud, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1204">B. 1206</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1756">1759</a>. Sw. <i>sky</i>, a cloud. A.S. +<i>scúa</i>, a shadow.</p> + +<p>Skowte, look, search, <a href="poems.html#clean_line480">B. +483</a>. See T. B. 1089.</p> + +<p>Skoymous, <a href="poems.html#clean_line596">B. 598</a>. See +<a href="#gloss_scoymous"><i>Scoymous</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Skwe, sky, <a href="poems.html#clean_line480">B. 483</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_skyfte" id="gloss_skyfte">Skyfte</a>, devise, +order, ordain, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line568">A. 569</a>. A.S. +<i>scyftan</i>.</p> + +<p>Skyfte, shift, change, <a href="poems.html#clean_line708">B. +709</a>. Sw. <i>skifta</i>.</p> + +<p>Skyg, scrupulous, careful, <a href="poems.html#clean_line20">B. +21</a>. Sw. <i>skygg</i>, shy. N.Prov.E. <i>sky</i>, to shun.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Skyl,<br> +Skyle,</td> +<td><p>reason, wit, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line312">A. 312</a>; +<i>by skylle</i>, rightly, reasonably, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line672">A. 674</a>; ordinance, <a href="poems.html#clean_line708">A. 709</a>; meaning, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1552">B. 1554</a>. See <a href="#gloss_scylle"><i>Scylle</i></a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Skylleȝ, doubts, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line52">A. 54</a>.</p> + +<p>Skylly, device, purpose, <a href="poems.html#clean_line528">B. +529</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">192</span> +<a name="page192" id="page192"> </a> + +<p>Skyly, excuse, <a href="poems.html#clean_line60">B. 62</a>.</p> + +<p>Skyre = shire = sheer, clear, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1776">B. 1776</a>. See <a href="#gloss_schyre"><i>Schyre</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Skyrme, screams (?), <a href="poems.html#clean_line480">B. +483</a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Scho gaffe <i>skirmande</i> skrikes at all the skowis range.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 176.)</p> +</div> + +<p class="continue">Or does it here signify to look about, like +Prov.E. skime? O.N. <i>Skima</i>, to look about.</p> + + +<p>Skyualde, ordained, manifested, <a href="poems.html#clean_line528">B. 529</a>. Prof. Child suggests Somerset, +<i>scaffle</i>, scramble, scuffle. See <a href="#gloss_skyfte"><i>Skyfte</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Slade, valley, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line140">A. 141</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_slake" id="gloss_slake">Slake</a>, absolve (lit. +to loosen), <a href="poems.html#pearl_line940">A. 942</a>. A.S. +<i>sleacian</i>, to slacken.</p> + +<p>Slauþe, sloth, <a href="poems.html#clean_line176">B. 178</a>.</p> + +<p>Slaȝt, slaughter, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line800">A. +801</a>.</p> + +<p>Slaȝte, stroke, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line56">A. 59</a>; +<a href="poems.html#patience_line192">C. 192</a>. A.S. <i>slagan</i>, to +strike, beat, kill.</p> + +<p>Sleke, assuage, lessen, <a href="poems.html#clean_line708">B. +708</a>. See <a href="#gloss_slake"><i>Slake</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Slente = slant, a slope, declivity, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line140">A. 141</a>. Sw. <i>slinta</i>, to slip.</p> + +<p>Slep, slept, <a href="poems.html#patience_line464">C. 466</a>.</p> + +<p>Sloberande, slobbering, drivelling, <a href="poems.html#patience_line184">C. 186</a>. <i>Slobber</i> is evidently +formed from <i>slob</i>, <i>slab</i>, in the same way as <i>blubber</i> +is formed from <i>blob</i>, <i>blab</i>, a drop. Cf. “<i>Slobur</i> +or <i>blobur</i>, of fysshe and other like Burbulum.” (Prompt. Parv.) +O.E. <i>slab</i>. Prov.E. <i>slob</i>, thick, slimy. Ir. <i>slaib</i>, +mud, ooze. O.N. <i>sluppra</i>. Dan. <i>slubbre</i>, to sip, sup. Du. +<i>slubberen</i>, to hang loose and slack.</p> + +<p>Slode, slid, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line56">A. 59</a>.</p> + +<p>Sloghe, slow, <a href="poems.html#patience_line464">C. 466</a>.</p> + +<p>Sloue, slew, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1264">B. 1264</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">192b</span> +<a name="page192b" id="page192b"> </a> + +<p>Sloumbe, slumber, <a href="poems.html#patience_line184">C. 186</a>, +<a href="poems.html#patience_line464">466</a>. N.Prov.E. +<i>sloomy</i>, dronish, slow; <i>sloum</i>, <i>sloom</i>, slumber. O.E. +<i>slome</i>, <i>sleme</i>, to sleep. A.S. <i>sluma</i>, a slumber. +O.N. <i>slæmi</i>. Cf. the modern phrase, “to slumber and sleep.”</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“(Sire Telomew) cairys into a cabayne, quare the kyng ligges,</p> +<p>Fand him <i>slomande</i> and on slepe, and sleely him rayses.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 176.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Slow, slew, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1220">B. 1221</a>.</p> + +<p>Sluchched, muddy, dirty, <a href="poems.html#patience_line340">C. +341</a>. Prov.E. <i>slutch</i>, mud; <i>slotch</i>, a sloven; +<i>slotching</i>, slovenly.</p> + +<p>Slyde, fall, <a href="poems.html#patience_line464">C. 466</a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“And <i>slydyn</i> uppon slepe by slomeryng of age.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 6.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Slyke, slide, slip. O.N. <i>slikja</i>, to make smooth. See <a href="#gloss_atslyke"><i>Atslyke</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Slyp, stroke, blow, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1264">B. +1264</a>.</p> + +<p>Slyppe, go, glide, make off, slip away, <a href="poems.html#clean_line984">A. 985</a>; fall, <a href="poems.html#patience_line184">B. 186</a>. A.S. <i>slipan</i>.</p> + +<p>Slyppe, escape, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1784">B. 1785</a>. +Sw. <i>slippa</i>, to escape.</p> + +<p>Slyȝt, slight, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line188">A. 190</a>.</p> + +<p>Slyȝt, wisdom, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1288">A. 1289</a>; +device, <a href="poems.html#patience_line128">B. 130</a>. O.E. +<i>sleghe</i>, <i>sleȝe</i>, wise. O.N. <i>slægr</i>.</p> + +<p>Smach, scent, smell, <a href="poems.html#clean_line460">B. 461</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1016">1019</a>. A.S. <i>smæc</i>. +Prov.E. <i>smatch</i>, flavour.</p> + +<p>Smachande, smelling, savouring, <a href="poems.html#clean_line952">B. 955</a>.</p> + +<p>Smartly, quickly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line708">B. +711</a>.</p> + +<p>Smod, stain, filth, <a href="poems.html#clean_line708">B. 711</a>. +Sc. <i>smot</i>, <i>smad</i>. O.Sw. <i>smuts</i>, spot, stain. Dan. +<i>smuds</i>, dirty. Pl. D. <i>smuddern</i>, to dirty.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">193</span> +<a name="page193" id="page193"> </a> + +<p>Smolderande, smouldering, smothering, <a href="poems.html#clean_line952">B. 955</a>.</p> + +<p>Smolt, be at peace, quiet, <a href="poems.html#clean_line732">B. +732</a>. A.S. <i>smolt</i>, serene, clear. Prov.E. <i>molt</i>-water, +clear exudation; <i>smolt</i>, smooth, clear. See <i>Smelt</i>, +T. B. 1669.</p> + +<p>Smolt<i>es</i>; so in MS., but ? an error for smolt<i>e</i> = smelt, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line460">B. 461</a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“A smoke <i>smulte</i> through his nase.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 911.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Smoþe, smooth, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line4">A. 6</a>.</p> + +<p>Smoþely, quietly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line732">B. +732</a>.</p> + +<p>Smylt, decayed (?), <a href="poems.html#clean_line224">B. 226</a>. +Sw. <i>multna</i>, to moulder. Dan. <i>smuldre</i>, to crumble, +moulder.</p> + +<p>Snaw, snow, <a href="poems.html#clean_line220">B. 222</a>.</p> + +<p>Soberly, quietly, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line256">A. 256</a>; +courteously, decently, <a href="poems.html#clean_line116">B. 117</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line796">799</a><ins class="correction" +title="text has . for ,">, </ins><a href="poems.html#clean_line1496">1497</a>. See T. B. 248.</p> + +<p>Sobre, gentle, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line532">A. 532</a>.</p> + +<p>Sodanly, suddenly, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1096">A. 1098</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1768">B. 1769</a>.</p> + +<p>Soerly, <ins class="correction" title="text reads ‘on’ (1864 an)">an</ins> error for <i>Soberly</i>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line116">B. 117</a>.</p> + +<p>Soffer, suffer, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line940">A. 940</a>.</p> + +<p>Soffraunce, forbearance, <a href="poems.html#patience_line416">C. +417</a>.</p> + +<p>Soghe, sow, <a href="poems.html#patience_line64">C. 67</a>.</p> + +<p>Soghe, moan, <a href="poems.html#patience_line388">C. 391</a>. A.S. +<i>swógan</i>, <i>swégan</i>, to make a noise, howl. O.S. +<i>suôgan</i>.</p> + +<p>Sok, <i>sb.</i> suck, <a href="poems.html#patience_line388">C. +391</a>.</p> + +<p>Sokored, succoured, <a href="poems.html#patience_line260">C. +261</a>.</p> + +<p>Solace, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line128">A. 130</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line868">B. 870</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1080">1080</a>.</p> + +<p>Solased, <a href="poems.html#clean_line128">B. 131</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Solemne,<br> +Solempne,</td> +<td><p><a href="poems.html#clean_line1168">A. 1171</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1444">1447</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line236">B. 239</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Solempnely, <a href="poems.html#clean_line36">B. 37</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Solemneté,<br> +Solempneté,</td> +<td><p><a href="poems.html#clean_line1312">B. 1313</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1676">1678</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1756">1757</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<span class="pagenum">193b</span> +<a name="page193b" id="page193b"> </a> +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Solie,<br> +Soly,</td> +<td><p>throne, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1168">B. 1171</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1676">1678</a>. A.S. <i>sylla</i>, a chair; +<i>salo</i>, a hall, palace.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Somere, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1684">B. 1686</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Sommoun,<br> +Somone,</td> +<td><p><i>vb.</i> <a href="poems.html#clean_line1496">A. 1498</a>; +<i>sb.</i> summons, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1096">B. +1098</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Sonde, sand, <a href="poems.html#patience_line340">C. 341</a>.</p> + +<p>Sonde = sande, message, word, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line940">A. +943</a>; messenger, <a href="poems.html#clean_line52">B. 53</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line780">781</a>. A.S. <i>sánd</i>.</p> + +<p>Sondeȝ-mon, messenger, <a href="poems.html#clean_line468">B. +469</a>.</p> + +<p>Sone, soon, <a href="poems.html#clean_line460">B. 461</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Sonet,<br> +Sonete,</td> +<td><p><a href="poems.html#clean_line1412">B. 1415</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1516">1516</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Songen, <i>pl.</i> sang, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1760">B. +1763</a>.</p> + +<p>Sope, sup, <a href="poems.html#clean_line108">B. 108</a>.</p> + +<p>Soper, supper, <a href="poems.html#clean_line104">B. 107</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line828">829</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line996">997</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1760">1763</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Sor,<br> +Sore,</td> +<td><p>sorrow, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line128">A. 130</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line240">A. 242</a>, <a href="poems.html#patience_line504">507</a>; <i>adv.</i> sorely, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line548">C. 550</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line288">B. 290</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Sorewe, sorrow, <a href="poems.html#clean_line776">B. 778</a>.</p> + +<p>Sorquydryȝe = surquedrie, presumption, arrogance, conceit, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line308">A. 309</a>.</p> + +<p>Sorsers, sorcerers, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1576">B. +1579</a>.</p> + +<p>Sorsory, sorcery, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1576">B. +1576</a>.</p> + +<p>Sorte, lot, <a href="poems.html#patience_line192">C. 193</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Sorȝ,<br> +Sorȝe,</td> +<td><p>sorrow, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line352">A. 352</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line72">B. 75</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line560">563</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1080">1080</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Soth,<br> +Soþe,</td> +<td><p>true, truth, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line480">A. 482</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line652">653</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line512">A. 515</a>; <i>soþes</i>, truths, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1596">B. 1598</a>. A.S. <i>sóth</i>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Soþefast, faithful, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1488">B. +1491</a>.</p> + +<p>Sothfol, truthful, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line496">A. +498</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Soþly,<br> +Soþely,</td> +<td><p>truly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line296">B. 299</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line652">654</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line656">657</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Sotte, fool, sot, <a href="poems.html#clean_line580">A. 581</a>; +<a href="poems.html#patience_line500">B. 501</a>. A.S. <i>sot</i>. See +T. B. 1961.</p> + +<p>Sotyle, subtle, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1048">A. +1050</a>.</p> + +<p>Soufre, sulphur, <a href="poems.html#clean_line952">B. 954</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">194</span> +<a name="page194" id="page194"> </a> + +<p>Soumme, company, <a href="poems.html#patience_line508">C. +509</a>.</p> + +<p>Soun, sound, word, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line532">A. 532</a>; +<a href="poems.html#patience_line428">C. 429</a>; to sound, <a href="poems.html#clean_line972">B. 973</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1668">1670</a>.</p> + +<p>Sounande, sounding, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line880">A. +883</a>.</p> + +<p>Souped, supped, <a href="poems.html#clean_line832">B. 833</a>.</p> + +<p>Sour, bad, vile, <a href="poems.html#clean_line192">B. 192</a>. Cf. +“Soory or defowlyd yn <i>sowr</i> or filth. Cenosus.” (Prompt. +Parv.)</p> + +<p>Souȝed, sobbed, sighed, <a href="poems.html#patience_line140">C. +140</a>. See T. B. 342. Prov.E. <i>sugh</i>, <i>sow</i>, +<i>suff</i>, to murmur. O.Sc. <i>swouch</i>, a noise, sound. A.S. +<i>swoeg</i>, a noise; <i>swógan</i>, to sound, howl. Du. +<i>zwoegen</i>, to pant, puff.</p> + +<p>Souerayn, <a href="poems.html#clean_line92">B. 93</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line552">552</a>.</p> + +<p>Soyle, soil, earth, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1036">A. +1039</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1384">1387</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line440">B. 443</a>.</p> + +<p>Soȝt, sought, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line516">A. 518</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line728">730</a>; <i>soȝt to</i>, reached, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line508">A. 510</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line560">563</a>; made for, <a href="poems.html#patience_line248">C. 249</a>; endeavoured, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1284">B. 1286</a>.</p> + +<p>Spak, quickly, <a href="poems.html#patience_line104">A. 104</a>; +<i>spakest</i>, boldest, <a href="poems.html#patience_line168">C. +169</a>.</p> + +<p>Spakk, spake, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line936">A. 938</a>.</p> + +<p>Spakly, certainly, surely, quickly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line752">A. 755</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line336">B. 338</a>.</p> + +<p>Spare, spar, <a href="poems.html#patience_line104">C. 104</a>, +<a href="poems.html#patience_line336">338</a>. Sw. <i>sparre</i>. O.H.G. +<i>sparro</i>.</p> + +<p>Sparred, spurred, rushed, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1168">A. +1169</a>.</p> + +<p>Spec, speck, <a href="poems.html#clean_line548">B. 551</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Special,<br> +Specyal,</td> +<td><p><a href="poems.html#pearl_line232">A. 235</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line936">938</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1492">B. 1492</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Sped, help, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1604">B. 1607</a>.</p> + +<p>Spede, prosper, <a href="poems.html#clean_line508">A. 511</a>; +hasten, <a href="poems.html#clean_line548">B. 551</a>.</p> + +<p>Spedly, quickly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1728">B. +1729</a>.</p> + +<p>Sped-whyle, a short space of time, a moment, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1284">B. 1285</a>.</p> + +<p>Speke, spoke, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1220">B. 1220</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">194b</span> +<a name="page194b" id="page194b"> </a> + +<p>Spelle, tell, relate, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line792">A. +793</a>.</p> + +<p>Spelle, speech, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line360">A. 363</a>. A.S. +<i>spell</i>.</p> + +<p>Spenned, folded, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line48">A. 49</a>. O.N. +<i>spenna</i>. A.S. <i>spannan</i>.</p> + +<p>Spenned, allured, enticed away, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line52">A. 53</a>. A.S. <i>spanan</i>. N.Prov.E. +<i>span</i>, to wean from.</p> + +<p>Spiritually, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1492">B. 1492</a>.</p> + +<p>Spitous, fell, abominable, <a href="poems.html#clean_line844">B. +845</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_spitously" id="gloss_spitously">Spitously</a>, +fiercely, angrily, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1220">B. +1220</a>.</p> + +<p>Sponne = spun, grew, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line32">A. +35</a>.</p> + +<p>Spornande, rushing, dashing, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line360">A. +363</a>. O.E. <i>sporn</i>, <i>spurn</i>, to dash. A.S. +<i>spurnan</i>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Now aithir stoure on ther stedis,</p> +<p><i>Spurnes</i> out spakly with speris in hand.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 27.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Spot, blemish, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line12">A. 12</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line764">764</a>.</p> + +<p>Spote, place, spot, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line12">A. 13</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line548">B. 551</a>.</p> + +<p>Spotleȝ, spotless, pure, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line856">A. +856</a>.</p> + +<p>Spotty, to defile, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1068">A. +1070</a>.</p> + +<p>Spoyle, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1284">B. 1285</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1772">1774</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Sprad,<br> +Spradde,</td> +<td><p>spread (<i>pret.</i> of <i>sprede</i>), <a href="poems.html#clean_line1604">A. 1607</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line364">B. 365</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Sprange, sprung, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line12">A. 13</a>.</p> + +<p>Sprawlyng, <a href="poems.html#clean_line408">B. 408</a>.</p> + +<p>Sprete = sprit (as in bow-sprit), <a href="poems.html#patience_line104">C. 104</a>. A.S. <i>sprit</i>.</p> + +<p>Sprude = spread, fasten, <a href="poems.html#patience_line104">C. +104</a>.</p> + +<p>Spryngande, springing, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line32">A. +35</a>.</p> + +<p>Spuniande = spinnande, sticky, cleaving, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1036">B. 1038</a>. <i>Pynnand</i> occurs in this +sense in the Northern Romance of Alexander, p. 142.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Than vmbyclappis thaim a cloude and covirs all ovir,</p> +<p>As any <i>pynnand</i> pik (pitch) the planets it hidis.”</p> +</div> + +<span class="pagenum">195</span> +<a name="page195" id="page195"> </a> + +<p>Spure = spere, ask, inquire of, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1604">B. 1606</a>. Sc. <i>speer</i>. A.S. +<i>spirian</i>. See T. B. 823.</p> + +<p>Sputen = spouted, uttered, <a href="poems.html#clean_line844">B. +845</a>.</p> + +<p>Sput = spat, vomited, <a href="poems.html#patience_line336">C. +338</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Spyce,<br> +Spyse,</td> +<td><p><a href="poems.html#pearl_line232">A. 235</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line936">938</a>; <i>pl.</i> <i>spyseȝ</i>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line24">A. 25</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line32">35</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Spye, <a href="poems.html#clean_line780">B. 780</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1772">1774</a>.</p> + +<p>Spylt, destroyed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1220">B. +1220</a>.</p> + +<p>Spyrakle, breath, spirit, <a href="poems.html#clean_line408">B. +408</a>.</p> + +<p>Spysereȝ, spice-mongers, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1036">B. +1038</a>.</p> + +<p>Spyt, cruelty, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1136">A. 1138</a>; +vengeance, <a href="poems.html#clean_line752">B. 755</a>.</p> + +<p>Spytously, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1284">B. 1285</a>. See +<a href="#gloss_spitously"><i>Spitously</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Stable, <i>adj.</i> <a href="poems.html#pearl_line596">A. 597</a>; +<i>vb.</i> <a href="poems.html#clean_line1332">B. 1334</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1652">1652</a>.</p> + +<p>Stac (<i>pret.</i> of <i>steke</i>), closed, fastened, <a href="poems.html#clean_line436">B. 439</a>. See <a href="#gloss_steke"><i>Steke</i></a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Stad,<br> +Stadde,</td> +<td><p>placed, fixed (<i>pret.</i> of <i>stede</i>), <a href="poems.html#clean_line804">B. 806</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line980">983</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1504">1506</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Stage, state, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line408">A. 410</a>.</p> + +<p>Stal, seat, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1504">B. 1506</a>. A.S. +<i>stal</i>, <i>steal</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_stale" id="gloss_stale">Stale</a>, step, degree, +place, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1000">A. 1002</a>.</p> + +<p>Stalke, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line152">A. 152</a>.</p> + +<p>Stalle, place, fix, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1332">B. +1334</a>. A.S. <i>stælan</i>.</p> + +<p>Stalle, <i>vb.</i> bring, place, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line188">A. 188</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1184">B. 1184</a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Lia he (Jacob) <i>stalle</i> until his bedd<ins class="correction" +title=". invisible">.”</ins></p> +<p class="author">(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 22<i>b</i>.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Stalworth, strong, <a href="poems.html#clean_line884">A. 884</a>; +great, <a href="poems.html#clean_line980">B. 983</a>.</p> + +<p>Stalworþest, bravest, <a href="poems.html#clean_line252">B. +255</a>.</p> + +<p>Stamyn, threshold, <a href="poems.html#clean_line484">B. +486</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_stanc" id="gloss_stanc">Stanc</a>, pool, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1016">B. 1018</a>. N.Prov.E. <i>stank</i>. Gael. +<i>stang</i>, a pool.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“<i>Stagnum</i>, a pounde, a <i>stanke</i>, a dam.”</p> +<p class="author">(MS. Harl. 2270, f. 181.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Standen (<i>p.p.</i>), stood, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line516">A. +519</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1148">1148</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">195b</span> +<a name="page195b" id="page195b"> </a> + +<p>Stange, pool, <a href="poems.html#clean_line436">B. 439</a>. See +<a href="#gloss_stanc"><i>Stanc</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Stape-fole, high, <a href="poems.html#patience_line120">C. +122</a>.</p> + +<p>Stare, <i>vb.</i> <a href="poems.html#pearl_line148">A. 149</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line388">B. 389</a>.</p> + +<p>Stare, star, <a href="poems.html#clean_line580">B. 583</a>.</p> + +<p>Stared, shone, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1504">B. 1506</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_staren" id="gloss_staren">Staren</a> (<i>3rd pers. +pl. pres.</i>), shine, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line116">A. 116</a>. +“<i>Staring</i> stone,” T. B. 3037. Cf. “<i>Staryng</i>, or +schynyng as gaye thyngys. Rutilans.” “<i>Staryñ</i> or schynyñ and +glyderyñ, niteo.” (Prompt. Parv.)</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Many <i>starand</i> stanes strikes of thair helmes.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 28.)</p> +<p>“As ai stremande sternes <i>stared</i> alle thaire wedes.”</p> +<p class="author">(<i>Ibid.</i>, p. 129.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Start, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1156">A. 1159</a>.</p> + +<p>Statue, <a href="poems.html#clean_line992">B. 995</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Staue,<br> +Staw,</td> +<td><p>= stow, place, <a href="poems.html#clean_line352">B. 352</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line360">360</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line480">480</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Stayre, shine, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1396">B. 1396</a>. See +<a href="#gloss_staren"><i>Staren</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Stayre, ladder, <a href="poems.html#patience_line512">C. +513</a>.</p> + +<p>Stayre, steep, high, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1020">A. +1022</a>. A.S. <i>stígan</i>, to ascend; <i>stæger</i>, a stair. +O.E. <i>staire</i>, to ascend.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“A hundreth daies and a halfe he held be tha playnes,</p> +<p>Till he was comen till a cliffe, at to the cloudis semed,</p> +<p>That was so <i>staire</i> and so stepe, the storé me tellis,</p> +<p>Miȝt ther no wee, bot with wynges, winne to the topp.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 164, l. 4828.)</p> +<p>“With that <i>stairis</i> he forth the stye that streȝt to the +est.”</p> +<p class="author">(<i>Ibid.</i>, 4834.)</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="gloss_steke" id="gloss_steke">Steke</a>, fasten, shut +up, close, <a href="poems.html#clean_line156">B. 157</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line352">352</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line752">754</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line884">884</a>. N.Prov.E. <i>steek</i>. A.S. +<i>stician</i>, to stick in. O.N. <i>steckr</i>, a fold.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">196</span> +<a name="page196" id="page196"> </a> + +<p>Stel, stole, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1200">B. 1203</a>.</p> + +<p>Stele, approach stealthily, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1776">B. +1778</a>. A.S. <i>stélan</i>.</p> + +<p>Stele, a step (of a ladder), <a href="poems.html#patience_line512">C. 513</a>. See <a href="#gloss_stale"><i>Stale</i></a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“This ilke laddre (that may to hevene leste) is charite,</p> +<p>The <i>stales</i> gode theawis.”</p> +<p class="author">(Poems of Wm. of Shoreham, p. 3.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Stemme = stem, to stop, delay, <a href="poems.html#clean_line904">B. 905</a>. The same root occurs in +<i>stammer</i>, stumble, etc. Sw. <i>stämma</i>, to dam.</p> + +<p>Stepe, step, <a href="poems.html#clean_line904">B. 905</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Stepe,<br> +Steppe,</td> +<td><p>bright, <a href="poems.html#clean_line580">B. 583</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1396">1396</a>. S.Sax. <i>steap</i>, bright, +brilliant. “Stepe ene.” T. B. 3101. Cf. “eyen <i>stepe</i>.” +Chaucer. C. T. Prologue, l. 201.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Stere, direct, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line620">A. 623</a>; rule, +<a href="poems.html#patience_line24">C. 27</a>.</p> + +<p>Sterne, star, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line112">A. 115</a>; +<a href="poems.html#patience_line204">C. 207</a>. O.N. +<i>stjarna</i>.</p> + +<p>Sterne (of a boat), <a href="poems.html#patience_line148">C. +149</a>.</p> + +<p>Sterre, star, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1376">B. 1378</a>.</p> + +<p>Stewarde, <a href="poems.html#clean_line88">B. 90</a>.</p> + +<p>Steuen, voice, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line188">A. 188</a>; +sound, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1124">A. 1125</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1200">A. 1203</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1400">1402</a>; noise, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1776">A. 1778</a>; command, <a href="poems.html#clean_line360">B. 360</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line460">463</a>. A.S. <i>stefen</i>.</p> + +<p>Stiffe, <a href="poems.html#clean_line980">B. 983</a>.</p> + +<p>Stifly, firmly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line156">B. 157</a>.</p> + +<p>Stik, fix, fasten, <a href="poems.html#clean_line156">B. 157</a>. +See <a href="#gloss_steke"><i>Steke</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Stille, dumb, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1520">B. 1523</a>.</p> + +<p>Stoffe, fill, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1184">B. 1184</a>. See +T. B. 2748.</p> + +<p>Stoken, fastened, enclosed, shut (<i>p.p.</i> of <i>steke</i>), +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line1064">A. 1065</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line360">B. 360</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1196">1199</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1524">1524</a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Sothe stories ben <i>stoken</i> up & straught out of mind.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 11.)</p> +</div> + +<span class="pagenum">196b</span> +<a name="page196b" id="page196b"> </a> +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Stokke,<br> +Stoke,</td> +<td><p>stocks, <a href="poems.html#clean_line44">B. 46</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line156">157</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p><a name="gloss_stonde" id="gloss_stonde">Stonde</a>, stand, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1488">B. 1490</a>.</p> + +<p>Stonde, blow, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1540">B. 1540</a>. A.S. +<i>stunian</i>, to beat, strike. O.E. <i>stund</i>, to strike.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Quat! wyns (wenis) þou I am a hund,</p> +<p>Wit þi stans me for to <i>stund</i>.”</p> +<p class="author">(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 42<i>b</i>.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Stonen, <i>adj.</i> of stone, <a href="poems.html#clean_line992">B. +995</a>.</p> + +<p>Ston-harde, fast, <a href="poems.html#clean_line884">B. +884</a>.</p> + +<p>Store, a great (number), <a href="poems.html#pearl_line844">A. +847</a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“A <i>store</i> man of strength and of stuerne will.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 538.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Stote, stand, stop still, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line148">A. +149</a>. Dan. <i>stötte</i>, stay, support. S.Sax. <i>stuten</i>, to +stop. Sc. <i>stoit</i>, stumble. “<i>Stotyng</i>, Titubatus.” (Prompt. +Parv.)</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Anone to the forest they found (go),</p> +<p>There they <i>stoted</i> a stound.”</p> +<p class="author">(Sir Degrevant, 225.)</p> +<p>“Ffurth he stalkis a stye, by tha stille euys,</p> +<p><i>Stotays</i> at a hey strette, studyande hym one.”</p> +<p class="author">(Morte Arthure, p. 290.)</p> +<p>“Than he <i>stotays</i> for made, and alle his strenghe faylez.”</p> +<p class="author">(<i>Ibid.</i>, p. 357.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Stound, Stounde, a space of time, moment, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line656">A. 659</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1716">A. 1716</a>; <i>in stoundes</i>, at times, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1600">B. 1603</a>. A.S. +<i>stund</i>.</p> + +<p>Stounde, blow, and hence sorrow, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line20">A. 20</a>. See <a href="#gloss_stonde"><i>Stonde</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Stour, conflict; <i>bale-stour</i>, death pang, <a href="poems.html#patience_line424">C. 426</a>. Cf. <i>dede-stoure</i>, death +conflict. Hampole’s Pricke of Conscience, 1820, 5812. O.N. <i>styr</i>. +<span class="pagenum">197</span> +<a name="page197" id="page197"> </a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Son efter-ward, it was not lang,</p> +<p>Gain Saul þai gaf batail strang;</p> +<p>Þaa sarȝins þan þe king umsett,</p> +<p>In hard <i>stur</i> þai samen mett;</p> +<p>Ful snaip it was þair, <i>stur</i> and snelle,</p> +<p>The folk al fled of Israel<ins class="correction" title=". invisible">.”</ins></p> +<p class="author">(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 43<i>b</i>.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Stout, firm, stable, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line776">A. 779</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line932">935</a>; brave, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1184">B. 1184</a>.</p> + +<p>Stowed, placed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line112">B. 113</a>.</p> + +<p>Stowned, troubled, astonished, <a href="poems.html#patience_line72">C. 73</a>. A.S. <i>stunian</i>.</p> + +<p>Strake, struck up, sounded, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1400">B. +1402</a>.</p> + +<p>Strate, street, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1040">A. +1043</a>.</p> + +<p>Straunge, strange, <a href="poems.html#clean_line408">B. +409</a>.</p> + +<p>Stray, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1172">A. 1173</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1196">B. 1199</a>. See T. B. 6258.</p> + +<p>Strayne, strain, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line128">A. 128</a>; +labour, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line688">A. 691</a>; pain, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1540">A. 1540</a>; trouble, <a href="poems.html#patience_line232">B. 234</a>.</p> + +<p>Strayt, <a href="poems.html#clean_line880">B. 880</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1196">1199</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Strech,<br> +Streche,</td> +<td><p>stretch, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line840">A. 843</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line968">971</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line904">B. 905</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Stremande, shining, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line112">A. 115</a>. +See extract under the word <i>Staren</i>.</p> + +<p>Strenkle, scatter, <a href="poems.html#clean_line304">B. +307</a>.</p> + +<p>Strenþe, strength, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1152">B. 1155</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1428">1430</a>.</p> + +<p>Streny, strain, toil, labour, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line548">A. +551</a>.</p> + +<p>Streȝt, strait, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line688">A. 691</a>; +<a href="poems.html#patience_line232">C. 234</a>. Cf. streght, T. B. +351.</p> + +<p>Stronde = strand, stream, river, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line152">A. 152</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line252">C. 254</a>, <a href="poems.html#patience_line308">311</a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Midward þat land a wel springes,</p> +<p>Þat rennes out wit four <i>strandes</i>,</p> +<p>Fflummes farand in fer landes.”</p> +<p class="author">(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 7<i>b</i>.)</p> +<p>“Quen thai war passed over <i>strand</i>,</p> +<p>And raght apon þe toiþer land,</p> +<p>Witte yee þat þai war ful gladd.”</p> +<p class="author">(<i>Ibid.</i>, fol. 46<i>a</i>.)</p> +</div> + +<span class="pagenum">197b</span> +<a name="page197b" id="page197b"> </a> + +<p>Strot = strut, contest, chiding, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line352">A. 353</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line848">848</a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“O pride bicums unbuxumnes,</p> +<p>Strif and <i>strutt</i> and frawardnes.”</p> +<p class="author">(The Seven Deadly Sins, in Cott. MS. Vesp. A. <ins +class="correction" title=". missing">iii.</ins>)</p> +</div> + +<p>Stroþe, bold, fierce (?), <a href="poems.html#pearl_line112">A. +115</a>.</p> + +<p>Strye, destroy, <a href="poems.html#clean_line304">A. 307</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1768">1768</a>; <i>stryed</i>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1016">B. 1018</a>.</p> + +<p>Stryf, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line248">A. 248</a>.</p> + +<p>Stryke, pass, go, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1124">A. 1125</a>. +A.S. <i>strican</i>.</p> + +<p>Strynde = strond, stream, <a href="poems.html#patience_line308">C. +311</a>.</p> + +<p>Stryuande, striving, <a href="poems.html#patience_line308">C. +311</a>.</p> + +<p>Stud = stede, place, <a href="poems.html#clean_line388">B. 389</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1332">1334</a>.</p> + +<p>Sturnen, strong, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1400">B. +1402</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Styf,<br> +Styffe,</td> +<td><p>strong, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line776">A. 779</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line232">C. 234</a>; <i>styfest</i>, strongest, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line252">B. 255</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Styfly, fast, firmly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line352">B. +352</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1652">1652</a>.</p> + +<p>Styke = stryke, walk, go (?), <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1184">A. 1186</a>.</p> + +<p>Stykked, fixed, placed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line580">B. +583</a>. See <a href="#gloss_steke"><i>Steke</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Stylle, secret, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line20">A. 20</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line588">A. 589</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line704">706</a>; quiet, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1200">A. 1203</a>; quietly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line484">B. 486</a>. See T. B. 1778.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“State from þe slyth kyng <i>styllé</i> by night.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 988.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Stylle, secretly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line804">B. 806</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1776">1778</a>.</p> + +<p>Styngande, stinging, <a href="poems.html#clean_line224">B. +225</a>.</p> + +<p>Stynkande, stinking, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1016">B. +1018</a>.</p> + +<p>Stynst, a mistake for stynt, stop, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line352">A. 353</a>.</p> + +<p>Stynt, stop, <a href="poems.html#clean_line224">A. 225</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line380">381</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1260">1261</a>; stopped, <a href="poems.html#patience_line72">B. 73</a>. A.S. <i>stintan</i>.</p> + +<p>Styry, stir, move, <a href="poems.html#clean_line400">B. 403</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1720">1720</a>.</p> + +<p>Stysteȝ = stynteȝ, stops, <a href="poems.html#clean_line356">B. +359</a>.</p> + +<p>Styȝe, path, <a href="poems.html#patience_line400">C. 402</a>. A.S. +<i>stíg</i>.</p> + +<p>Styȝe, ascend, climb, <a href="poems.html#clean_line388">B. +389</a>. A.S. <i>stígan</i>, to ascend.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">198</span> +<a name="page198" id="page198"> </a> + +<p>Styȝtle, place, order, fix, <a href="poems.html#clean_line88">A. +90</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line400">B. 402</a>. A.S. +<i>stihtan</i>, to arrange, dispose. See T. B. 1997.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Unstithe for to stire or <i>stightill</i> <ins class="correction" +title="text reads ‘the / the’ at line break">the</ins> Realme.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 117.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Sued, followed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line680">B. 681</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Suffer,<br> +Suffre,</td> +<td><p><a href="poems.html#pearl_line552">A. 554</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Suffraunce, endurance, patience, <a href="poems.html#patience">A. +3</a>, 529.</p> + +<p>Suffyse, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line132">A. 135</a>.</p> + +<p class="bracket"> +Sulp,<br> +<a name="gloss_sulpe" id="gloss_sulpe">Sulpe</a>,</p> +<p>defile, pollute, <a href="poems.html#clean_line12">B. 15</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line548">550</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1128">1130</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1132">1135</a>. O.E. <i>sulwe</i>, to defile, +soil. <ins class="correction" title="error for ‘M.H.G.’?">M.H.D.</ins> <i>be-sulwen</i>. O.N. <i>söla</i>, to pollute. +Prov. Ger. <i>sulpern</i>, unclean, to defile. The word <i>sulp</i> +(<i>solp</i>) occurs in the Romance of K. Alexander, ed. Stevenson, +but the editor renders it “<i>to swallow</i>”!</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Oure inward enmys ilkane we inwardly drepis,</p> +<p>That is to say alle the sin, at <i>solp</i> may ȝe (the ?) +saule.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 146.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Sulpande, defiling, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line724">A. +726</a>.</p> + +<p>Sumkyn, of some kind, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line616">A. +619</a>.</p> + +<p>Sumoun, to summon, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line536">A. +539</a>.</p> + +<p>Sum quat, some sort of, <a href="poems.html#clean_line624">B. +627</a>.</p> + +<p>Sum-while, formerly, <a href="poems.html#patience_line56">C. +57</a>.</p> + +<p>Sunderlupes, severally, <a href="poems.html#patience_line12">C. +12</a>.</p> + +<p>Suppe, <a href="poems.html#clean_line108">A. 108</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line148">B. 151</a>.</p> + +<p>Supplantor, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line440">A. 440</a>.</p> + +<p>Sure, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1088">A. 1089</a>.</p> + +<p>Sum, one, “<i>al & sum</i>,” one and all, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line584">A. 584</a>.</p> + +<p>Surely, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1640">A. 1643</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line312">B. 315</a>.</p> + +<p>Sustnaunce, <a href="poems.html#clean_line340">B. 340</a>.</p> + +<p>Sute (?) <a href="poems.html#pearl_line200">A. 203</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1108">1108</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">198b</span> +<a name="page198b" id="page198b"> </a> + +<p><a name="gloss_sve" id="gloss_sve">Sve</a> = sue, follow, go +after, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line976">A. 976</a>.</p> + +<p>Swalt, died, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line816">A. 816</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1160">1160</a>. See T. B. 1200, 4687. See +<a href="#gloss_swelt"><i>Swelt</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Swaneȝ, swans, <a href="poems.html#clean_line56">B. 58</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_swange" id="gloss_swange">Swange</a> (<i>pret.</i> +of <i>swenge</i> or <i>swinge</i>), toiled, worked, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line584">A. 586</a>. A.S. <i>swingan</i>, to +dash, to labour.</p> + +<p>Swange, flowed, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1056">A. +1059</a>.</p> + +<p>Swangeande, flowing, rushing, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line108">A. +111</a>. See T. B. 13024.</p> + +<p>Swap, blow, <a href="poems.html#clean_line220">B. 222</a>. A.S. +<i>swipian</i>. O.N. <i>svipa</i>, to shake. O.E. <i>swepe</i>, +<i>swappe</i>, to beat. See T. B. 1889.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“He swynges out with a swerd and <i>swappis</i> him to dethe<ins +class="correction" title="close quote missing">.” </ins></p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 38.)</p> +<p>“With a swinge of his sworde <i>swappit</i> hym in þe fase.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 1271.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Sware, square, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line836">A. 837</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1384">B. 1386</a>.</p> + +<p>Sware, answer, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line240">A. 240</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1412">B. 1415</a>. O.N. <i>svara</i>. See +T. B. 1200.</p> + +<p>Swarme, <a href="poems.html#clean_line220">B. 223</a>.</p> + +<p>Swart, black, <a href="poems.html#patience_line360">C. 363</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Swat,<br> +Swatte,</td> +<td><p>sweated (<i>pret.</i> of <i>swete</i>), <a href="poems.html#pearl_line584">A. 586</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line828">829</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Swayf, blow, literally, a sudden movement. See <a href="#gloss_swayue"><i>Swayue</i></a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Than Alexander . . . . .</p> +<p>Swythe swyngis out his swerde and his <i>swayfe</i> feches,</p> +<p>The nolle of Nicollas, the kyng, he fra the nebb partis.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 28.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Swayne, swain, servant, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1508">B. +1509</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_swayue" id="gloss_swayue">Swayue</a>, swims. +T. B. 2358. Dan. <i>swæve</i>, to wave, move, flutter.</p> + +<p>Swe, follow, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line892">A. 892</a>; ran, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line956">B. 956</a>.</p> + +<p>Sweande, flowing, <a href="poems.html#clean_line420">B. +420</a>.</p> + +<p>Sweft, swift, <a href="poems.html#patience_line108">C. 108</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">199</span> +<a name="page199" id="page199"> </a> + +<p>Swelme, heat, <a href="poems.html#patience">A. 3</a>. A.S. +<i>swell</i>, a burning; <i>swélan</i>, to burn, <i>sweal</i>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“[He] lete asauage, or he sware (spoke), the <i>swelme</i> of his +angirs.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 21.)</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="gloss_swelt" id="gloss_swelt">Swelt</a>, die, perish, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line108">A. 108</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line424">C. 427</a>; destroy, <a href="poems.html#clean_line332">B. 332</a>. A.S. <i>sweltan</i>. O.N. +<i>svelta</i>.</p> + +<p>Swemande (<i>pres. part.</i> of <i>sweme</i>), afflicting, <a href="poems.html#clean_line560">B. 563</a>. A.S. <i>swima</i>, +a stupor. S.Sax. <i>sweamen</i>, to grieve, vex.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Whan this was seide, his hert began to melt</p> +<p>For veray <i>sweme</i> of this <i>swemeful</i> tale.”</p> +<p class="author">(Lydgate’s Minor Poems, p. 38.)</p> +<p>“Sum swalt in a <i>swym</i> with outen sware more.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 1200.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Sweng, <i>sb.</i> toil, labour, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line572">A. 575</a>. A.S. <i>sweng</i>, a stroke, +blow. See <a href="#gloss_swange"><i>Swange</i></a>. See T. B. +1271.</p> + +<p>Swenge, hasten, rush, dash out, <a href="poems.html#clean_line108">A. 109</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line664">667</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line108">B. 108</a>, <a href="poems.html#patience_line248">250</a>, <a href="poems.html#patience_line252">253</a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“He <i>swynges</i> out with a swerd and swappis him to dethe.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 33.)</p> +</div> + +<p class="continue">A.S. <i>swingan</i>, to swing, dash.</p> + + +<p><a name="gloss_swepe" id="gloss_swepe">Swepe</a>, glide, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line108">A. 111</a>; hasten, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1508">B. 1509</a>. See T. B. 342. O.E. +<i>swippe</i>, to pass quickly. O.N. <i>svip</i>, a rapid movement; +<i>svipa</i>, to whip, do quickly, turn.</p> + +<p>Swepe, to seize, <a href="poems.html#patience_line340">C. 341</a>. +A.S. <i>swipian</i>, to take by violence.</p> + +<p>Swer, swore, <a href="poems.html#clean_line68">B. 69</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line664">667</a>.</p> + +<p>Swete, life; <i>to lose the swete</i> = to die, <a href="poems.html#patience_line364">C. 364</a>. <i>Swete</i> may here signify +<i>sweet</i>, the word <i>life</i> being understood. +<span class="pagenum">199b</span> +<a name="page199b" id="page199b"> </a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“And alle at lent ware on loft loste ther the <i>swete</i>.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 105.)</p> +<p>“—— the brande es myne awene</p> +<p>Many swayne, with the swynge [struck], has the <i>swete</i> +levede.”</p> +<p class="author">(Morte Arthure, p. 281.)</p> +<p>“All the kene mene of kampe, knyghtes and other,</p> +<p>Killyd are colde dede and castyne over burdez</p> +<p>Theire swyers sweyftly has the <i>swete</i> levyde.”</p> +<p class="author">(<i>Ibid.</i> p. 309.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Swetter, sweeter, <a href="poems.html#patience_line236">C. +236</a>.</p> + +<p>Sweuen, dream, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line60">A. 62</a>. A.S. +<i>swefen</i>.</p> + +<p>Swey, go, walk, <a href="poems.html#clean_line788">A. 788</a>; +came, <a href="poems.html#patience_line428">B. 429</a>. See T. B. +2512. O.N. <i>sweigia</i>. Dan. <i>sveje</i>, to bend. N.Prov.E. +<i>swey</i>, to swing; <i>sweigh</i>, to press. See <a href="#gloss_sve"><i>Sve</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Sweyed, swayed, <a href="poems.html#patience_line148">C. +151</a>.</p> + +<p>Sweȝe, go, <a href="poems.html#patience_line72">A. 72</a>; drove, +<a href="poems.html#patience_line236">C. 236</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_swolghe" id="gloss_swolghe">Swolȝe</a>, swallow, +<a href="poems.html#patience_line248">C. 250</a>, <a href="poems.html#patience_line360">363</a>; kill, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1268">B. 1268</a>.</p> + +<p>Swone, swoon, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1180">A. 1180</a>. A.S. +<i>aswunan</i>.</p> + +<p>Swowed, swooned, <a href="poems.html#patience_line440">C. 442</a>. +S.Sax. <i>swowen</i>, to swoon.</p> + +<p>Swyed = sweyed, followed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line84">B. +87</a>.</p> + +<p>Swyere, squire, <a href="poems.html#clean_line84">B. 87</a>,</p> + +<p>Swypped, escaped, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1252">B. 1253</a>. +See <a href="#gloss_swepe"><i>Swepe</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Swyre, neck, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1744">B. 1744</a>. A.S. +<i>sweora</i>.</p> + +<p>Swyþe, firm, strong, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line352">A. 354</a>; +<a href="poems.html#patience_line236">A. 236</a>; great, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1280">A. 1283</a>; very, <a href="poems.html#clean_line816">A. 816</a>; many, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1296">A. 1299</a>; quickly, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1056">A. 1059</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line352">C. 354</a>; greatly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line984">B. 987</a>. A.S. <i>swíth</i>, strong, +great; <i>swíthe</i>, very, greatly.</p> + +<p>Swyþe, burn, scorch, <a href="poems.html#patience_line476">C. +478</a> (<i>pret.</i> +<span class="pagenum">200</span> +<a name="page200" id="page200"> </a> +<i>swath</i>). N.Prov.E. <i>swither</i>, to singe; <i>swidden</i>, to +scorch. O.N. <i>svítha</i>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Mi Gode, als whele set þam,</p> +<p>Als stubble bi-fore wind lickam</p> +<p>Als fire that brennes wode swa;</p> +<p>Als lowe <i>swiþand</i> hilles ma.”</p> +<p class="author">(Ps. lxxxii. 15.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Syence, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1452">B. 1454</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1596">1599</a>.</p> + +<p>Syfle, blow, <a href="poems.html#patience_line468">C. 470</a>. +<i>Syfle</i> sometimes signifies to <i>whistle</i>. It may he connected +with the Prov.E. <i>suffe</i>, to pant, blow. A.S. <i>siofian</i>, +mourn, lament.</p> + +<p>Sykande, sighing, <a href="poems.html#clean_line712">B. 715</a>. +A.S. <i>sycan</i>, to sigh.</p> + +<p>Syked, sighed, <a href="poems.html#patience_line380">C. +382</a>.</p> + +<p>Sykerly, surely, <a href="poems.html#patience_line300">C. 301</a>. +O.Fris. <i>sikur</i>. Ger. <i>sicher</i>, sure.</p> + +<p>Syle, to glide, go, proceed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line128">B. +131</a>. See T. B. 364, 1307. Prov.E. <i>sile</i>, to go. O.N. +<i>síla</i>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“With that the segge all himselfe <i>silis</i> to his chambre.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 5.)</p> +</div> + +<p class="continue">See T. B. 364.</p> + + +<p>Sylueren, silver, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1404">B. +1406</a>.</p> + +<p>Symbale, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1412">B. 1415</a>.</p> + +<p>Symple, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1132">A. 1134</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line744">B. 746</a>.</p> + +<p>Sympelnesse, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line908">A. 909</a>.</p> + +<p>Syn, since, <a href="poems.html#patience_line216">C. 218</a>.</p> + +<p>Syngne, sign, <a href="poems.html#clean_line488">B. 489</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1708">1710</a>.</p> + +<p>Synglerty, singularity, singleness, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line428">A. 429</a>.</p> + +<p>Synglure, uniqueness, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line8">A. +8</a>.</p> + +<p>Syngnetteȝ, signets, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line836">A. +838</a>.</p> + +<p>Synne, after, <a href="poems.html#clean_line228">B. 229</a>.</p> + +<p>Syre, lord, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1260">B. 1260</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Syt,<br> +Syte,</td> +<td><p>sorrow, sin, <a href="poems.html#clean_line564">A. 566</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1256">1257</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line4">B. 5</a>, <a href="poems.html#patience_line516">517</a>. O.N. <i>sút</i>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Jacob wen he was mast in <i>siit</i>,</p> +<p>God lighted him witouten <i>liit</i>.”</p> +<p class="author">(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 27<i>b</i>.)</p> + +<span class="pagenum">200b</span> +<a name="page200b" id="page200b"> </a> + +<p>“This tre in forbot haf I laid,</p> +<p>If þou sa bald be it to bite,</p> +<p>Þou sal be ded in sorou and <i>site</i>,</p> +<p>And if þou haldes mi forbot,</p> +<p>Þou sal be laverd ouer ilk crot.”</p> +<p class="author">(<i>Ibid.</i> fol. 52<i>b</i>.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Syþe, time, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1076">A. 1079</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1168">B. 1169</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1416">1417</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1684">1686</a>. A.S. <i>sith</i>.</p> + +<p>Syþen, afterwards, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line12">A. 13</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line640">643</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1204">1207</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line996">A. 998</a>; since, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line244">B. 245</a>.</p> + +<p>Sytole, citole, guitar, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line88">A. +91</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Syȝ,<br> +Syȝe,</td> +<td><p>saw, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line308">A. 308</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line788">788</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line984">985</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line984">B. 985</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Syȝt,<br> +Syȝte,</td> +<td><p>sight, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line224">A. 226</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line552">B. 552</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1708">1710</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<p class="letterhead"> +<a name="gloss_T" id="gloss_T" href="#glossary">T</a></p> + +<p><a name="gloss_ta" id="gloss_ta">Ta</a>, take, arrest, <a href="poems.html#patience_line76">C. 78</a>. “Ta me,” take, arrest me. Tatȝ, +take, <a href="poems.html#clean_line732">B. 735</a>. (Cf. O.E. +<i>ma</i> = make.)</p> + +<p>Tabarde, coat. It sometimes signifies a short coat or mantle, <a href="poems.html#clean_line40">B. 41</a>. Fr. <i>tabar</i>. Ital. +<i>tabaro</i>.</p> + +<p>Tabelment, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line992">A. 994</a>.</p> + +<p>Taborne, tabour, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1412">B. +1414</a>.</p> + +<p>Tached, fixed, fastened, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line464">A. +464</a>.</p> + +<p>Takel, <a href="poems.html#patience_line232">C. 233</a>.</p> + +<p>Tale, tale, message, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1436">B. +1437</a>.</p> + +<p>Talent, will, pleasure, <a href="poems.html#patience_line416">C. +416</a>. See T. B. 464.</p> + +<p>Talle = tuly (?), <a href="poems.html#clean_line48">B. 48</a>.</p> + +<p>Tan, taken, <a href="poems.html#clean_line760">B. 763</a>.</p> + +<p>Tatȝ, take, <a href="poems.html#clean_line732">B. 735</a>. See +<a href="#gloss_ta"><i>Ta</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Tayt, agreeable, lively, <a href="poems.html#clean_line868">B. +871</a>. O.N. <i>teitr</i>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“The laddes were kaske and <i>teyte</i>.”</p> +<p class="author">(Havelok the Dane, 1841.)</p> +<p>“Ther mouhte men se the boles beyte,</p> +<p>And the bores with hundes <i>teyte</i>.”</p> +<p class="author">(<i>Ibid.</i> 2331.)</p> +</div> + +<span class="pagenum">201</span> +<a name="page201" id="page201"> </a> + +<p>Tayt, fear, <a href="poems.html#clean_line888">B. 889</a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Brynges furthe, [as] sayd the boke, bestes out of noumbre,</p> +<p>And trottes on toward Tyre with <i>taite</i> at thaire hertes.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 42.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Teche, teach, <a href="poems.html#clean_line160">B. 160</a>.</p> + +<p>Teche, mark, sign, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1048">B. +1049</a>.</p> + +<p>Teche, fault, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1228">A. 1230</a>; +device, <a href="poems.html#clean_line940">B. 943</a>. Fr. +<i>tache</i>.</p> + +<p>Tede, an error for <i>tene</i> = ten (?), <a href="poems.html#clean_line1632">B. 1634</a>.</p> + +<p>Tee, go, <a href="poems.html#clean_line8">A. 9</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1260">1262</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line84">B. 87</a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Let hym <i>tegh</i> to þe tempull.”</p> +<p class="author"> +(T. B. 2541.)</p> +</div> +<p class="continue"> +A.S. <i>teon</i>. Cf. <i>teght</i>, T. B. 1786.</p> + +<p>Telde, tent, <a href="poems.html#clean_line864">B. 866</a>. A.S. +<i>teld</i>.</p> + +<p>Telded, raised, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1340">B. 1342</a>. +See T. B. 6075.</p> + +<p>Telle, raise, excite, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1808">B. +1808</a>. Du. <i>tillen</i>, to lift up.</p> + +<p>Teme, approach, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line460">A. 460</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line8">A. 9</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line316">B. 316</a>. See T. B. 3306. It seems +to be connected with the A.S. <i>geteman</i>, to bear witness; +<i>teama</i>, to cite, summon. In Laȝamon <i>teman</i> signifies to go, +proceed, approach, vol. i. p. 53, l. 1245.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Albion hatte that lond;</p> +<p>Ah leode ne beoth thar nane,</p> +<p>Ther to thu scalt <i>teman</i> [wende]</p> +<p>& ane neowe Troye thar makian.”</p> +</div> + +<p>Teme, team, <a href="poems.html#patience_line36">C. 37</a>.</p> + +<p>Teme, theme, <a href="poems.html#patience_line356">C. 358</a>.</p> + +<p>Tempest, <a href="poems.html#patience_line228">C. 231</a>.</p> + +<p>Temple, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1060">A. 1062</a>.</p> + +<p>Tempre, moderate, <a href="poems.html#clean_line772">B. +775</a>.</p> + +<p>Temptande, tempting, <a href="poems.html#clean_line280">B. +283</a>.</p> + +<p>Tender, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line412">A. 412</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line628">B. 630</a>.</p> + +<p>Tene, <i>sb.</i> anger, sorrow, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line332">A. 332</a>; +<span class="pagenum">201b</span> +<a name="page201b" id="page201b"> </a> +B. 283, 687, 1137; <a href="poems.html#patience_line88">A. 90</a>; +<i>adj.</i> angry, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1808">C. 1808</a>; +<i>vb.</i> punish, <a href="poems.html#clean_line756">B. 759</a>. +A.S. <i>teonan</i>, <i>tynan</i>, to anger; <i>teona</i>, wrong, +mischief.</p> + +<p>Tenfully, sorrowfully, bitterly, <ins class="correction" title="text reads ‘B. B.’">B.</ins> 160.</p> + +<p>Tenor, <a href="poems.html#patience_line356">C. 358</a>.</p> + +<p>Tenoun, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line992">A. 993</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Tent,<br> +Tente,</td> +<td><p>attend, care for, <a href="poems.html#clean_line676">A. +676</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line932">935</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line56">C. 59</a>, <a href="poems.html#patience_line496">498</a>; heed, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line384">B. 387</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Terme, term, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1052">A. 1053</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1392">B. 1393</a>.</p> + +<p>Terne, lake, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1040">B. 1041</a>. +N.Prov.E. <i>tarn</i>. O.N. <i>tjörn</i>.</p> + +<p>Teuel (or <i>tenel</i> ?), enclose, or ? <i>undermine</i>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1188">B. 1189</a>.</p> + +<p>Þacce, blow, <a href="poems.html#patience_line324">C. 325</a>. A.S. +<i>thaccian</i>, to stroke.</p> + +<p>Þayreȝ, theirs, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1524">B. +1527</a>.</p> + +<p>Þaȝ, though, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line132">A. 134</a>.</p> + +<p>Þede, country, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line708">A. 711</a>. A.S. +<i>theód</i>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“I sett ȝowe ane ensample ȝe se it alle day,</p> +<p>In thorps and in many <i>thede</i> ther ȝe thurȝe ride,</p> +<p>At ilka cote a kene curr, as he the chache walde,</p> +<p>Bot as bremely as he baies, he bitis never the faster.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 62.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Þede, vessel, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1716">B. 1717</a>. +Prov.E. <i>thead</i>, a strainer used in brewing. “<i>Thede</i>, bruares +instrument, qualus.” (Prompt. Parv.)</p> + +<p>Þeder, thither, <a href="poems.html#clean_line460">B. 461</a>.</p> + +<p>Þef, thief, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line272">A. 273</a>.</p> + +<p>Theme, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line944">A. 944</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line356">C. 358</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Þen,<br> +Þenne,</td> +<td><p>than, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line132">A. 134</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Þenkande, thinking, <a href="poems.html#patience_line292">C. +294</a>.</p> + +<p>Þerue, unleavened, <a href="poems.html#clean_line632">B. 635</a>. +Prov.E. +<span class="pagenum">202</span> +<a name="page202" id="page202"> </a> +<i>therf</i>, <i>tharf</i>, <i>thar</i>. A.S. <i>theorf</i>, +<i>therf</i>.</p> + +<p>Þester, darkness, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1772">B. 1775</a>. +A.S. <i>theostru</i>. See T. B. 2362.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_thewe" id="gloss_thewe">Þewe</a>, virtue, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1436">A. 1436</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line28">C. 30</a>; ordinances, <a href="poems.html#clean_line544">B. 544</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line752">755</a>.</p> + +<p>Þewed, virtuous, <a href="poems.html#clean_line732">B. 733</a>.</p> + +<p>Þewes, thieves, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1140">B. +1142</a>.</p> + +<p>Þikker, oftener, <a href="poems.html#patience_line4">C. 6</a>.</p> + +<p>Þirled, pierced, <a href="poems.html#clean_line952">B. 952</a>.</p> + +<p>Þo, the (<i>pl.</i>), <a href="poems.html#clean_line632">A. +635</a>; those, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line556">B. 557</a>.</p> + +<p>Þole, suffer, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line344">A. 344</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line188">A. 190</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line4">B. 6</a>. A.S. <i>thólian</i>, to suffer, +endure.</p> + +<p>Þonc, <i>sb.</i> thank, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line900">A. +901</a>.</p> + +<p>Þonkke, <i>vb.</i> thank, <a href="poems.html#clean_line744">B. +745</a>.</p> + +<p>Þore, there, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line560">A. 562</a>.</p> + +<p>Þorpe, city, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1176">B. 1178</a>. O.N. +<i>thorp</i>.</p> + +<p>Þorȝ, through. See <a href="#gloss_thurgh"><i>Þurȝ</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Þoȝ, though, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line344">A. 345</a>.</p> + +<p>Þoȝt, seemed, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line152">A. 153</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line560">B. 562</a>.</p> + +<p>Þoȝt, imagination, <a href="poems.html#clean_line516">B. +516</a>.</p> + +<p>Þrad, reproached, tormented, <a href="poems.html#clean_line748">B. +751</a>. A.S. <i>threagan</i> (<i>pret. threáde</i>, <i>p.p.</i> +<i>thread</i>), to blame, vex, torment.</p> + +<p>Þrange, pierce, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line16">A. 17</a>. See +<a href="#gloss_threnge"><i>Þrenge</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Þrast, stroke, thrust, <a href="poems.html#clean_line952">B. +952</a>.</p> + +<p>Þrat, vexation, torment, <a href="poems.html#patience_line52">C. +55</a>. A.S. <i>threat</i>, threat; <i>threatian</i>, to vex, +distress.</p> + +<p>Þratten (<i>3d pers. pl. pret.</i>) threatened, <a href="poems.html#clean_line936">B. 937</a>.</p> + +<p>Þrawe, to reach, <a href="poems.html#clean_line588">B. 590</a>.</p> + +<p>Þrawen, close, thick, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1772">B. +1775</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_threnge" id="gloss_threnge">Þrenge</a>, press, +crowd after, follow, <a href="poems.html#clean_line928">A. 930</a>; +pass, <a href="poems.html#patience_line352">B. 354</a>. A.S. +<i>thringan</i>, to press, crowd, throng. O.N. <i>threnga</i>.</p> + +<p>Þrep, contradiction, <a href="poems.html#clean_line348">B. 350</a>. +<span class="pagenum">202b</span> +<a name="page202b" id="page202b"> </a> +N.Prov.E. <i>threap</i>, <i>threpe</i>, to dispute. A.S. +<i>threapian</i>, to reprove, chide.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“<i>Withoutyn threp</i> more.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 1127.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Þrepyng, <i>sb.</i> strife, <a href="poems.html#clean_line180">B. +183</a>. A.S. <i>threapung</i>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Þret,<br> +Þrete,</td> +<td><p>threaten, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line560">A. 561</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line680">B. 680</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1728">1728</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Þretty, thirty, <a href="poems.html#clean_line748">B. 751</a>.</p> + +<p>Þreuenest, wisest, noblest, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1568">B. +1571</a>.</p> + +<p>Þro, anger, <a href="poems.html#clean_line752">A. 754</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line4">C. 6</a>; angry, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line344">B. 344</a>. N.Prov.E. <i>thro</i>, keen, +eager. O.N. <i>thrá</i>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Be þou noght in þi hert so <i>thra</i>.”</p> +<p class="author">(MS. Harl. 4196. fol. 94.)</p> +</div> + +<p class="continue">Cf. “his <i>throo</i> hert,” T. B. 147. “A +<i>throo</i> (bold) knight.” <i>Ib.</i> 1482.</p> + + +<p>Þro, good, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line868">A. 868</a>.</p> + +<p>Þro, sharply, quickly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line220">B. +220</a>. A.S. <i>threá</i>.</p> + +<p>Þro, thoroughly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1804">B. +1805</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_throble" id="gloss_throble">Þroble</a>, press, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line876">B. 879</a>.</p> + +<p>Þroly, fiercely, quickly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line180">B. +180</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line512">514</a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“<i>Throly</i> he thoght in his hert.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 209.)</p> +</div> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Þrong,<br> +Þronge,</td> +<td><p><i>sb.</i> crowd, <a href="poems.html#clean_line132">B. +135</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line504">504</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line752">754</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Þrongen (<i>3d pers. pl. pret.</i> of <i>thringe</i>), crowded, +pressed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1772">B. 1775</a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Mony thoughtes full thro <i>thronge</i> in hir brest.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 470.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Þrublande, pressing, <a href="poems.html#clean_line504">B. 504</a>. +See <a href="#gloss_throble"><i>Þroble</i></a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Þrwen,<br> +Þrowen,</td> +<td><p>thrown, <a href="poems.html#clean_line220">B. 220</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line504">504</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Þrych, through, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line16">A. 17</a>. O.Sc. +<i>throuch</i>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">203</span> +<a name="page203" id="page203"> </a> +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket three"> +Þryd,<br> +Þryde,<br> +Þrydde,</td> +<td><p>third, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line832">A. 833</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line248">B. 249</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line300">300</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1636">1639</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Þryeȝ, thrice, <a href="poems.html#clean_line428">B. 429</a>.</p> + +<p>Þrynge, press, <a href="poems.html#clean_line180">A. 180</a>; +follow, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1636">B. 1639</a>. See <a href="#gloss_threnge"><i>Þrenge</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Þrynne, three, <a href="poems.html#clean_line604">B. 606</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1724">1727</a>.</p> + +<p>Þryuande, good, pure, <a href="poems.html#clean_line748">B. +751</a>. See T. B. 1482.</p> + +<p>Þryue, prosper, thrive, <a href="poems.html#clean_line248">A. +249</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line520">B. 521</a>.</p> + +<p>Þryuen, prudent, wise, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line868">A. +868</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1192">1192</a>; grown up, +adult, <a href="poems.html#clean_line296">A. 298</a>; +<i>þryuenest</i>, wisest, noblest, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1636">B. 1639</a>.</p> + +<p>Þryȝt, thrust, pressed, thronged, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line668">A. 670</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line704">706</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line924">926</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line132">B. 135</a>; Cf. <i>thriccing</i> of hondys. +T. B. 1522. A.S. <i>thryccan</i> (<i>pret.</i> <i>thrycte</i>), to +thrust, press, tread on.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_thurgh" id="gloss_thurgh">Þurȝ</a>, through, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line668">A. 670</a>.</p> + +<p>Þykke, closely, <a href="poems.html#clean_line504">B. 504</a>.</p> + +<p>Þyȝe, thigh, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1684">B. 1687</a>.</p> + +<p>To, toe, <a href="poems.html#patience_line228">C. 229</a>.</p> + +<p>To-cleues, separate, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1804">B. +1806</a>.</p> + +<p>To-corue (<i>3d pers. pl. pret.</i>), slit, ript up, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1248">B. 1250</a>.</p> + +<p>Token, betoken, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1556">B. +1557</a>.</p> + +<p>To-kerue, divide, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1700">B. +1700</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Tole,<br> +Tool,</td> +<td><p>tool, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1108">B. 1108</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1340">1342</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket three"> +<a name="gloss_tolk" id="gloss_tolk">Tolk</a>,<br> +Tolkke,<br> +Tulkke,</td> +<td><p>man, <a href="poems.html#clean_line684">B. 687</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line756">757</a>. <i>Tolk</i>, like <i>segge</i>, +signified originally a speaker, an interpreter. O.N. <i>túlka</i>, to +explain, interpret; <i>túlkr</i>, an interpreter, a mediator. See +T. B. 63.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Tom, (1) leisure, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line132">A. 134</a>; +opportunity, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1152">A. 1153</a>; +interval, <a href="poems.html#patience_line132">B. 135</a>; +<span class="pagenum">203b</span> +<a name="page203b" id="page203b"> </a> +(2) time, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line584">A. 585</a>. O.Sw. and +O.N. <i>tóm</i>. “<i>Toom</i> oportunitas.” (Prompt. Parv.)</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Tharfore þis <i>tyme</i> I may noght cum</p> +<p>Telle þi lord I haue no <i>tome</i>.”</p> +<p class="author">(MS. Harl, 4196, fol. 105.)</p> +</div> + +<p class="continue">In T. B. 1088, we have <i>tomly</i>.</p> + + +<p>To-marred, spoilt, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1112">B. +1114</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_tomurte" id="gloss_tomurte">To-murte</a>, crushed +to pieces, <a href="poems.html#patience_line148">C. 150</a>. See +<i>murte</i>, T. B. 6128.</p> + +<p>Tonne (or toune?), conceive, <a href="poems.html#clean_line652">B. +655</a>.</p> + +<p>Top, head, <a href="poems.html#patience_line228">C. 229</a>.</p> + +<p>Topace, topaz, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1468">B. 1469</a>.</p> + +<p>Tor, tower, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line964">A. 966</a>.</p> + +<p>Tor, hard, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1108">A. 1109</a>. O.N. +<i>tor</i>. Sans. <i>dus</i>, hard, difficult. Cf. O.E. <i>torfer</i>, +hardship, T. B. 81.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“But this tyme is so <i>tore</i>.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 645.)</p> +</div> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +To-rente,<br> +To-rent,</td> +<td><p>rent asunder, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1136">A. 1136</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line368">A. 368</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line96">B. 96</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>To-riuen, torn away, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1196">A. +1197</a>.</p> + +<p>Tormenttour, <a href="poems.html#clean_line152">B. 154</a>.</p> + +<p>To-rof (<i>pret.</i> of <i>to-riue</i>), burst, <a href="poems.html#clean_line964">A. 964</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line376">B. 379</a>.</p> + +<p>Torreȝ, towers, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line872">A. 875</a>,</p> + +<p>Toter, totter, <a href="poems.html#patience_line232">C. +233</a>.</p> + +<p>Toteȝ = totȝ, toes; Cf. <i>gotȝ</i> = goes, etc., <a href="poems.html#clean_line40">B. 41</a>.</p> + +<p>To-torne, torn, <a href="poems.html#clean_line40">B. 41</a>.</p> + +<p>Totȝ, goes, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line512">A. 513</a>. Sw. +<i>tota</i>.</p> + +<p>Tour, tower, <a href="poems.html#clean_line216">B. 216</a>.</p> + +<p>Tourneȝ = turns, devices, <a href="poems.html#clean_line192">B. +192</a>.</p> + +<p>Tow, two, <a href="poems.html#clean_line864">B. 866</a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“<i>Two</i> pyllers he pight in a place low.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 310.)</p> +</div> + +<p>To-walten, overflowed (<i>3d pers. pl.</i>), <a href="poems.html#clean_line428">B. 428</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">204</span> +<a name="page204" id="page204"> </a> + +<p>Towche, to relate, deliver a message, speak, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line896">A. 898</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1436">B. 1437</a><ins class="correction" title=". missing">. </ins></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Litille kyngis there come . . . . .</p> +<p><i>Touches</i> titly thair tale and tribute him askis.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 31.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Towche, <i>sb.</i> touch, <a href="poems.html#patience_line252">C. +252</a>.</p> + +<p>Towe, <a href="poems.html#patience_line100">C. 100</a>.</p> + +<p>Towen, drawn, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line248">A. 251</a>.</p> + +<p>Toȝe, tough, <a href="poems.html#clean_line628">B. 630</a>.</p> + +<p>Toȝt, firm, binding, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line520">A. +522</a>.</p> + +<p>Tra, high (?), <a href="poems.html#clean_line208">B. 211</a>, or +(?) <i>tor</i>, great, difficult of access.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“This castel es o luve and grace,</p> +<p>Bath o socur and o solace,</p> +<p>Apon the mathe it standes traist;</p> +<p>O fede ne dredes it na fraist;</p> +<p>It is hei sett upon þe crag,</p> +<p><i>Trai</i> and hard wituten hag.”</p> +<p class="author">(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 55<i>a</i>.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Tramme, tackle, gear? <a href="poems.html#patience_line100">C. +101</a>. In the northern Romance of Alexander, p. 5, <i>tramme</i> +signifies an instrument (optical).</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“He toke <i>trammes</i> him with to tute (look) in the sternes.”</p> +</div> + +<p>Tras = trace, path, course, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1112">A. +1113</a>. “<i>Trace</i>, a streyght way, <i>trace</i>.” (Palsg.)</p> + +<p>Trasches = trauses or trossers, drawers or trousers? <a href="poems.html#clean_line40">B. 40</a>.</p> + +<p>Trauayle, <i>sb.</i> labour, <a href="poems.html#patience_line504">A. 505</a>; <i>vb.</i> <a href="poems.html#pearl_line548">A. 550</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line496">C. 498</a>.</p> + +<p>Trave = trawe, believe, <a href="poems.html#clean_line584">B. +587</a>.</p> + +<p>Trauerce = traverse, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1472">B. +1473</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Traw,<br> +Trawe,</td> +<td><p>= trow, believe, suppose, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line280">A. +282</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line292">295</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line652">B. 655</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1332">1335</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1684">1686</a>. See T. B. 298.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Trawande, believing, <a href="poems.html#clean_line660">B. +662</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Trawþe,<br> +Trauþe,</td> +<td><p>truth, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line492">A. 495</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line60">B. 63</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line664">667</a>; belief, 1490, 1703.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<span class="pagenum">204b</span> +<a name="page204b" id="page204b"> </a> + +<p>Trayled, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1472">B. 1473</a>.</p> + +<p>Traysoun, treason, <a href="poems.html#clean_line184">B. +187</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Trayþly,<br> +Trayþely,</td> +<td><p>certainly, surely? <a href="poems.html#clean_line904">B. +907</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1136">1137</a>. If +<i>trayþly</i> be derived from <i>trauth</i>, <i>truth</i>, the meaning +here assigned to it may be correct; but the sense of <i>fiercely</i>, +<i>fearfully</i>, would suit the context better.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Traytoure, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1040">A. 1041</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line76">B. 77</a>.</p> + +<p>Tre, wood, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1340">B. 1342</a>.</p> + +<p>Trendel, roll, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line40">A. 41</a>.</p> + +<p>Tres, yards (of a ship), <a href="poems.html#patience_line100">C. +101</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Tresor,<br> +Tresore,</td> +<td><p>treasure, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line236">A. 237</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line328">331</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line864">B. 866</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Tresorye, treasury, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1316">B. +1317</a>.</p> + +<p>Trespas, <a href="poems.html#clean_line48">B. 48</a>.</p> + +<p>Trespast, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1228">B. 1230</a>.</p> + +<p>Trestes, trestles, <a href="poems.html#clean_line832">B. +832</a>.</p> + +<p>Trichcherye, treachery, <a href="poems.html#clean_line184">B. +187</a>.</p> + +<p>Troched, ornamented? An architectural term of uncertain meaning, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1380">B. 1383</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Tron,<br> +Trone,</td> +<td><p>went (<i>pret.</i> of <i>tryne</i>), <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1112">A. 1113</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line132">A. 132</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line100">B. 101</a>. See <a href="#gloss_trynande"><i>Trynande</i></a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Trone, throne, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1052">A. 1055</a>.</p> + +<p>Trot, <i>sb.</i> pace, step, <a href="poems.html#clean_line976">B. +976</a>.</p> + +<p>Trow, believe, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1048">B. 1049</a>.</p> + +<p>Trumpen, trumpets, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1400">B. +1402</a>.</p> + +<p>Trussed, deposited, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1316">B. +1317</a>. See T. B. 1819.</p> + +<p>Trwe, true, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line460">A. 460</a>.</p> + +<p>Tryed, select, trusty, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1316">B. +1317</a>. O.E. <i>trie</i>, choice. See T. B. 695.</p> + +<p>Tryfled = trayfoled, ornamented with knots, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1472">B. 1473</a>. Fr. <i>treffilier</i>, +a chain maker.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_trynande" id="gloss_trynande">Trynande</a>, going, +walking, <a href="poems.html#clean_line976">B. 976</a>. Dan. +<i>trine</i>, to go. +<span class="pagenum">205</span> +<a name="page205" id="page205"> </a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Than the traytoure treunted the Tyesday thar aftyre,</p> +<p><i>Trynnys</i> in with a trayne tresone to wirke.”</p> +<p class="author">(Morte Arthure, p. 326.)</p> +<p>“The trays (path) of the traytoure he <i>trynys</i> fulle evenne,</p> +<p>And turnys in be Treynte, the traytoure to seche.”</p> +<p class="author">(<i>Ibid.</i> p. 339.)</p> +<p>“They <i>tryne</i> unto a tente whare tables whare raysede.”</p> +<p class="author">(<i>Ibid.</i> p. 267.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Tryste, trusty, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line460">A. 460</a>; +<i>vb.</i> to trust, <a href="poems.html#patience_line324">C. +324</a>.</p> + +<p>Trysty, trusty, <a href="poems.html#clean_line760">B. 763</a>.</p> + +<p>Tryȝe, to trust in, rely upon, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line308">A. 311</a>. N.Prov.E. <i>trigg</i>, firm, +faithful. Sw. <i>trygg</i>, safe, sure.</p> + +<p>Tuch, cloth, <a href="poems.html#clean_line48">B. 48</a>. Ger. +<i>tuch</i>. Cf. Eng. <i>tuck</i> and <i>tucker</i>.</p> + +<p>Tulkke, man, soldier, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1188">B. +1189</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1260">1262</a>. See <a href="#gloss_tolk"><i>Tolk</i></a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“The Tothyr was a <i>Tulke</i> out of Troy selfe.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 63.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Tulket = tulked, sounded, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1412">B. +1414</a>. The original meaning of <i>tulk</i> is to speak, explain (O.N. +<i>túlka</i>), hence to utter, sound.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“The Tebies <i>tulked</i> (addressed) us with tene (anger).”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 83.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Tult, threw, pitched. <a href="poems.html#clean_line1212">A. +1213</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line252">B. 252</a>. See +<i>Tilt</i>, in T. B. 914, 3704. A.S. <i>tealtian</i>, to tilt, +shake.</p> + +<p>Tuyred, destroyed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1232">B. +1234</a>.</p> + +<p>Twayned, separated, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line248">A. +251</a>.</p> + +<p>Tweyne, two, <a href="poems.html#clean_line672">B. 674</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1748">1749</a>.</p> + +<p>Twynande, entwining, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1688">B. +1691</a>. Sw. <i>twinna</i>, to twine.</p> + +<p>Twynne, two, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line248">A. 251</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1044">B. 1047</a>.</p> + +<p>Twynne, separate, <a href="poems.html#clean_line400">B. +402</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">205b</span> +<a name="page205b" id="page205b"> </a> + +<p><a name="gloss_tyd" id="gloss_tyd">Tyd</a>, quickly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line64">A. 64</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1212">1213</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line100">B. 100</a>, <a href="poems.html#patience_line228">229</a>. A.S. <i>tíd</i>, <i>tídlíce</i>. +Sw. <i>tida</i>, frequently.</p> + +<p>Tyde, time, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1392">B. 1393</a>.</p> + +<p>Tykel, uncertain, <a href="poems.html#clean_line652">B. +655</a>.</p> + +<p>Tylle, to, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1064">B. 1064</a>.</p> + +<p>Tymbre, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1412">B. 1414</a>. “Tymbyr a +lytyl taboure, timpanellum.” (Prompt. Parv.)</p> + +<p>Tylte, overturn, <a href="poems.html#clean_line832">A. 832</a>; +tumble, <a href="poems.html#patience_line360">B. 361</a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“<i>Tylude</i> ouer borde.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 3704.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Tynde, branch, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line76">A. 78</a>. A.S. +<i>tine</i>. O.E. <i>tind</i>, a tine, tooth, prong, fork.</p> + +<p>Tyne, lose, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line332">A. 332</a>; destroy, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line772">B. 775</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line904">907</a>. O.N. <i>tyna</i>.</p> + +<p>Tynt, lost, <a href="poems.html#clean_line216">B. 216</a>. See +T. B. 1208.</p> + +<p>Type, overturn, <a href="poems.html#patience_line504">C. +506</a>.</p> + +<p>Typped, extreme, <a href="poems.html#patience_line76">C. +77</a>.</p> + +<p>Tyraunte, <a href="poems.html#clean_line940">B. 943</a>.</p> + +<p>Tyrauntyré, tyranny, <a href="poems.html#clean_line184">B. +187</a>.</p> + +<p>Tyrne, flay, <a href="poems.html#clean_line628">B. 630</a>. Du. +<i>tornen</i>, to rend, rip up.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“And so thai did al bidene and sum oure douth sloȝe,</p> +<p>Tuke out the tuskis and the tethe, and <i>ternen</i> of the +skinnes.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 140.)</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="gloss_tyt" id="gloss_tyt">Tyt</a>, quickly, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line728">A. 728</a>. N.Prov.E. <i>tite</i>, soon. Cf. +<i>tytly</i>, T. B. 1094. See <a href="#gloss_tyd"><i>Tyd</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Tyþe, tenth, <a href="poems.html#clean_line216">B. 216</a>.</p> + +<p>Tyþynge, tiding, <a href="poems.html#clean_line456">A. 458</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line496">498</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line76">B. 78</a>.</p> + +<p>Tytter, sooner, <a href="poems.html#patience_line228">C. 231</a>. +N.Prov.E. <i>titter</i>. See <a href="#gloss_tyt"><i>Tyt</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Tyxt, text, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1632">A. 1634</a>; +<a href="poems.html#patience_line36">B. 37</a>.</p> + +<p>Tyȝed, tied, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line464">A. 464</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line700">B. 702</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">206</span> +<a name="page206" id="page206"> </a> +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Tyȝt,<br> +Tyȝte,</td> +<td><p>described, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1052">A. 1053</a>; +give, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1152">A. 1153</a>; endeavour, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1108">A. 1108</a>; near, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line500">B. 503</a>. See T. B. 1358. A.S. +<i>tihtan</i>, to draw.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<p class="letterhead"> +<a name="gloss_U" id="gloss_U" href="#glossary">U</a></p> + +<p>U = o = of, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line792">A. 792</a>.</p> + + +<p class="letterhead"> +<a name="gloss_V" id="gloss_V" href="#glossary">UV</a></p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket three"> +Vch,<br> +Vche,<br> +Vcha,</td> +<td><p>= ilk, ilka, each, every. <a href="poems.html#pearl_line32">A. +33</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line116">117</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Vchon, each one, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line544">A. 546</a>.</p> + +<p>Vglokest (<i>superl.</i> of <i>vgly</i>), most horrid, dreadful, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line892">B. 892</a>. See <i>vgsome</i>, +horrible, <ins class="correction" title="text has T. B.,">T. B.</ins> 877.</p> + +<p>Vmbe, about, <a href="poems.html#clean_line876">A. 879</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1384">1384</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line308">B. 309</a>. A.S. <i>ymbe</i>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Grete toures full toure all þe toune <i>vmbe</i>.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 320.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Vmbe-brayde, accost, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1620">B. +1622</a>. See <a href="#gloss_brayde"><i>Brayde</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Vmbe-grouen, overgrown, <a href="poems.html#clean_line488">B. +488</a>.</p> + +<p>Vmbe-kest, look about, <a href="poems.html#clean_line476">B. +478</a>.</p> + +<p>Vmbe-lyȝe, compass, surround, <a href="poems.html#clean_line836">B. +836</a>.</p> + +<p>Vmbe-pyȝte, surrounded, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1052">A. +1052</a>.</p> + +<p>Vmbre, rain, <a href="poems.html#clean_line524">B. 524</a>. Cf. +<i>ymur</i>, in T. B. 897. Lat. <i>imber</i>.</p> + +<p>Vmbe-schon, shone about, <a href="poems.html#patience_line452">C. +455</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Vmbe-stounde,<br> +Vmbe-stoundes,</td> +<td><p>at times, sometimes, <a href="poems.html#patience_line4">C. +7</a>, <a href="poems.html#patience_line120">122</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Vmbe-sweyed, encircled, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1380">B. +1380</a>.</p> + +<p>Vmbe-walt, surrounded, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1180">B. +1181</a>.</p> + +<p>Vnavysed, unadvised, thoughtless, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line292">A. 292</a>.</p> + +<p>Vnblemyst, unblemished, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line780">A. +782</a>.</p> + +<p>Vn-brosten, unburst, <a href="poems.html#clean_line364">B. +365</a>.</p> + +<p>Vnblyþe, dismal, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1016">B. +1017</a>.</p> + +<p>Vncheryst, uncherished, uncared for, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1124">B. 1125</a>.</p> + +<p>Vnclannesse, uncleanness. <a href="poems.html#clean_line28">B. +30</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1800">1800</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1804">1806</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">206b</span> +<a name="page206b" id="page206b"> </a> + +<p>Vnclene, <a href="poems.html#clean_line548">B. 550</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1712">1713</a>.</p> + +<p>Vncler, indistinct, <a href="poems.html#patience_line304">C. +307</a>.</p> + +<p>Vnclose, disclose, <a href="poems.html#clean_line24">B. 26</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1436">1438</a>.</p> + +<p>Vncortoyse, uncourteous, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line300">A. +303</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Vncouþe,<br> +Vncowþe,</td> +<td><p>unknown, <a href="poems.html#clean_line412">B. 414</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1600">1600</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1720">1722</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Vnder, the third hour of the day, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line512">A. 513</a>. A.S. <i>undern</i>. Goth. +<i>undaurns</i>.</p> + +<p>Vnder-nomen, understood, perceived, <a href="poems.html#patience_line212">C. 213</a>.</p> + +<p>Vnder-stonde, understand, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line940">A. +941</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line120">C. 122</a>.</p> + +<p>Vnder-ȝede = under-ȝete, understood, <a href="poems.html#clean_line796">B. 796</a>. A.S. <i>undergitan</i>, to +perceive.</p> + +<p>Vndyd, destroyed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line560">B. +562</a>.</p> + +<p>Vnfayre, bad, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1800">B. 1801</a>.</p> + +<p>Vnfolde, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1560">B. 1563</a>.</p> + +<p>Vnfre, unfortunate, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1128">B. +1129</a>.</p> + +<p>Vngarnyst, unadorned, <a href="poems.html#clean_line136">B. +137</a>.</p> + +<p>Vnglad, sorry, <a href="poems.html#patience_line60">C. 63</a>.</p> + +<p>Vngoderly, bad, wicked, <a href="poems.html#clean_line144">B. +145</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1092">1092</a>.</p> + +<p>Vnhap, misfortune, <a href="poems.html#clean_line140">A. 143</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1148">1150</a>; misery, <a href="poems.html#clean_line892">B. 892</a>. See T. B. 1402.</p> + +<p>Vnhappen, unfortunate; and hence bad, <a href="poems.html#clean_line572">B. 573</a>.</p> + +<p>Vnhaspe, disclose, <a href="poems.html#clean_line688">B. +688</a>.</p> + +<p>Vnhole, badly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1680">B. 1681</a>.</p> + +<p>Vnhonest, vile, <a href="poems.html#clean_line576">B. 579</a>.</p> + +<p>Vnhuled, uncovered, <a href="poems.html#clean_line448">B. 451</a>. +See <a class="error" href="#gloss_hiled" title="entry spelled ‘Hiled’"><i>Hile</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Vnhyde, disclose, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line972">A. +973</a>.</p> + +<p>Vnhyle, disclose, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1628">B. 1628</a>. +See <a class="error" href="#gloss_hiled" title="entry spelled ‘Hiled’"><i>Hile</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Vnknawen, unknown, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1676">B. +1679</a>.</p> + +<p>Vnkyndely, wickedly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line208">B. +208</a>.</p> + +<p>Vnmard, undefiled, <a href="poems.html#clean_line864">B. +867</a>.</p> + +<p>Vnmete, unmeet, unfit, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line756">A. +759</a>.</p> + +<p>Vnneuened, unnamed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line724">B. 727</a>. +See <a href="#gloss_neuen"><i>Neuen</i></a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">207</span> +<a name="page207" id="page207"> </a> + +<p>Vnnynges, signs, <a href="poems.html#patience_line212">C. 213</a>. +A.S. <i>unnan</i>, to give, grant, permit.</p> + +<p>Vnpynne, to unpin, unfasten, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line728">A. +728</a>.</p> + +<p>Vnresounable, unreasonable, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line588">A. +590</a>.</p> + +<p>Vnryȝt, wrong, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1140">B. 1142</a>.</p> + +<p>Vnsmyten, <a href="poems.html#clean_line732">B. 732</a>.</p> + +<p>Vnsounde, wicked, evil, bad, <a href="poems.html#clean_line572">A. +575</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line524">C. 527</a>; misfortune, +wretched state, <a href="poems.html#patience_line56">B. 58</a>. +See T. B. 495.</p> + +<p>Vnsoundely, badly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line200">B. 201</a>. +See T. B. 1826.</p> + +<p>Vnstered, unmoved, <a href="poems.html#clean_line704">B. +706</a>.</p> + +<p>Vnstrayned, untroubled, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line248">A. +248</a>.</p> + +<p>Vnswolȝed, unhurt, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1252">B. 1253</a>. +See <a href="#gloss_swolghe"><i>Swolȝe</i></a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Vnþank,<br> +Vnþonk,</td> +<td><p>wrath, displeasure, <a href="poems.html#clean_line180">A. +183</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line52">B. 55</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Vnþewe, fault, vice, <a href="poems.html#clean_line188">B. 190</a>. +See <a href="#gloss_thewe"><i>Thewe</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Vnþryfte, folly, wickedness, <a href="poems.html#clean_line516">B. +516</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1728">1728</a>.</p> + +<p>Vnþryftyly, unwisely, badly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line264">B. +267</a>.</p> + +<p>Vnþryuandly = unthrivingly, badly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line132">B. 135</a>. See T. B. 4893.</p> + +<p>Vntrwe, untrue, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line896">A. 897</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line456">A. 456</a>; unfaithful, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1160">B. 1160</a>.</p> + +<p>Vntwynne, separate; and hence, destroy, <a href="poems.html#clean_line756">B. 757</a>.</p> + +<p>Vnwar, foolish, <a href="poems.html#patience_line112">C. +115</a>.</p> + +<p>Vnwaschen, unwashed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line32">B. +34</a>.</p> + +<p>Vnwelcum, <a href="poems.html#clean_line48">B. 49</a>.</p> + +<p>Vnworþelych, unworthy, <a href="poems.html#clean_line304">B. +305</a>.</p> + +<p>Vnwytté, unwise, foolish, simple, <a href="poems.html#patience_line508">C. 511</a>.</p> + +<p>Vpbrayde, literally to raise; and hence to utter loudly, rebuke, +<a href="poems.html#patience_line428">C. 430</a>. See <a href="#gloss_brayde"><i>Brayde</i></a>. In the sense of to utter, speak, we +find +<span class="pagenum">207b</span> +<a name="page207b" id="page207b"> </a> +<i>upbrayde</i> used in the following passage.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Again my brether haue I bene</p> +<p>Oft-sith lightly for to tene,</p> +<p>Wit flitt, wit brixil, strive and strut;</p> +<p>Myn euen cristen haue I hurt,</p> +<p>And oft unsaght o him I said,</p> +<p>And of his lastes (faults) gane upbraid.”</p> +<p class="author">(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 156.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Vp-caste, spoken, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1572">B. +1574</a>.</p> + +<p>Vp-folden, up-folded, <a href="poems.html#clean_line640">B. +643</a>.</p> + +<p>Vp-lyfte, uplifted, <a href="poems.html#clean_line984">B. +987</a>.</p> + +<p>Vpon, open, <a href="poems.html#clean_line452">B. 453</a>.</p> + +<p>Vp-rerde, upreared, <a href="poems.html#clean_line560">B. +561</a>.</p> + +<p>Vp-ros, uprose, <a href="poems.html#patience_line376">C. +378</a>.</p> + +<p>Vpryse, <a href="poems.html#patience_line432">C. 433</a>.</p> + +<p>Vp-set, raised, <a href="poems.html#patience_line236">C. +239</a>.</p> + +<p>Vp-so-doun, upside down, <a href="poems.html#patience_line360">C. +362</a>.</p> + +<p>Vp-wafte, uprose, <a href="poems.html#clean_line948">B. +949</a>.</p> + +<p>Vpynyoun, opinion, <a href="poems.html#patience_line40">C. +40</a>.</p> + +<p>Vrnementes, ornaments, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1284">B. +1284</a>.</p> + +<p>Vrþe, earth, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line440">A. 442</a>.</p> + +<p>Vrþely, earthly, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line132">A. 135</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line32">B. 35</a>.</p> + +<p>Vsage, <a href="poems.html#clean_line708">B. 710</a>.</p> + +<p>Vsched, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1392">A. 1393</a>, <i>to +vsched</i> = ? <i>tousched</i> = <i>towched</i>, approached. See <a href="poems.html#clean_line1436">B. 1437</a>.</p> + +<p>Vse, <a href="poems.html#clean_line8">B. 11</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Vsle,<br> +Vslle,</td> +<td><p>ashes, cinders, <a href="poems.html#clean_line744">B. 747</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1008">1010</a>. A.S. <i>ysle</i>, ashes. +O.N. <i>usli</i>, fire. “Isyl, of fyre. Favilla.” (Prompt. Parv.) +Prov.E. <i>isle</i>, <i>easle</i>, embers; <i>eizle</i>, ashes.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Vtter, out, <a href="poems.html#clean_line40">A. 42</a>; without, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line924">B. 927</a>.</p> + +<p>Vt-wyth, without, outside, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line968">A. +969</a>.</p> + +<p>Vus, us, <a href="poems.html#clean_line840">B. 842</a>.</p> + +<p>Vȝten, the morning, dawn, <a href="poems.html#clean_line892">B. +893</a>. A.S. <i>uhta</i>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Hi sloȝen and fuȝten</p> +<p>Þe niȝt and þe <i>uȝten</i>.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Horn, 1424.)</p> +</div> + +<span class="pagenum">208</span> +<a name="page208" id="page208"> </a> + +<p>Vale, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line124">A. 127</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line672">B. 673</a>.</p> + +<p>Vanyté, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1712">A. 1713</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line328">B. 331</a>.</p> + +<p>Vanyste, vanished, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1548">B. +1548</a>.</p> + +<p>Vayle, avail, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line912">A. 912</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1148">B. 1151</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1308">1311</a>.</p> + +<p>Vayment, exhibition, show, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1356">B. +1358</a>.</p> + +<p>Vayn, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line808">A. 811</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1356">B. 1358</a>.</p> + +<p>Vayned, brought, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line248">A. 249</a>. See +<a class="error" href="#gloss_wayne" title="entry spelled ‘Wayne’"><i>Wayned</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Venge, avenge, <a href="poems.html#clean_line196">A. 199</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line556">559</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line68">B. 71</a>.</p> + +<p>Vengeaunce, <a href="poems.html#clean_line244">B. 247</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1012">1013</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Venkkyst,<br> +Venquyst,</td> +<td><p>vanquished, <a href="poems.html#clean_line544">B. 544</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1068">1071</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Venym, venom, filth, <a href="poems.html#clean_line572">A. 574</a>; +<a href="poems.html#patience_line68">B. 71</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Veray,<br> +Verray,</td> +<td><p>true, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1184">A. 1184</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1184">1185</a>; truly, <a href="poems.html#patience_line332">A. 333</a>; very, <a href="poems.html#patience_line368">C. 370</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Verayly, verily, <a href="poems.html#clean_line664">B. 664</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1548">1548</a>.</p> + +<p>Vered, veered, raised, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line252">A. +254</a>.</p> + +<p>Vergyne, virgin, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1096">A. +1099</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Vergynté,<br> +Vergynyté,</td> +<td><p>virginity, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line764">A. 767</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1068">B. 1071</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Vertue, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1124">A. 1126</a>.</p> + +<p>Vertuous, precious, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1280">B. +1280</a>.</p> + +<p>Vessayl, vessel, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1712">B. +1713</a>.</p> + +<p>Vesselment, vessels, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1280">B. +1280</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1288">1288</a>.</p> + +<p>Vesture, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1288">B. 1288</a>.</p> + +<p>Veued = weued, passed, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line976">A. +976</a>. See <a href="#gloss_weue"><i>Weue</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Vilanye, <a href="poems.html#patience_line68">C. 71</a>.</p> + +<p>Vilté, filth, vileness, <a href="poems.html#clean_line196">B. +199</a>. O.Fr. <i>vilté</i>.</p> + +<p>Violent, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1012">B. 1013</a>.</p> + +<p>Voched, prayed, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1120">A. 1121</a>. +Fr. <i>voucher</i>.</p> + +<p>Vouche, resolve, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1356">B. +1358</a>.</p> + +<p>Vouched, vowed, <a href="poems.html#patience_line164">C. +165</a>.</p> + +<p>Vowe, <a href="poems.html#patience_line236">C. 239</a>.</p> + +<p>Voyde, do away with; <a href="poems.html#clean_line744">A. 744</a>; +destroy, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1012">A. 1013</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line368">C. 370</a>; depart, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1548">B. 1548</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">208b</span> +<a name="page208b" id="page208b"> </a> + +<p>Vus, use, or ? drink, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1504">B. +1507</a>. We may, however read, and thus preserve the alliteration, +<i>bus</i> = <i>bous</i> = <i>bouse</i>, to drink deeply. Du. +<i>buysen</i>.</p> + +<p>Vycios, vicious, <a href="poems.html#clean_line572">B. 574</a>.</p> + +<p>Vyf, wife, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line772">A. 772</a>.</p> + +<p>Vygour, 971.</p> + +<p>Vyl, vile, evil, <a href="poems.html#clean_line744">B. 744</a>.</p> + +<p>Vylanye, crime, sin, <a href="poems.html#clean_line544">B. 544</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line572">574</a>.</p> + +<p>Vyle, defile, <a href="poems.html#clean_line860">B. 863</a>.</p> + +<p>Vyole, vial, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1280">B. 1280</a>.</p> + +<p>Vyolence, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1068">B. 1071</a>.</p> + +<p>Vyrgyn, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line424">A. 426</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Vys,<br> +Vyse,</td> +<td><p>face, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line252">A. 254</a>. O.Fr. +<i>vis</i>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Vyueȝ, wives, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line784">A. 785</a>.</p> + + +<p class="letterhead"> +<a name="gloss_W" id="gloss_W" href="#glossary">W</a></p> + +<p>Wach, watch, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1204">B. 1205</a>.</p> + +<p>Wade, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line140">A. 143</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1148">1151</a>.</p> + +<p>Waft, closed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line856">B. 857</a>. A.S. +<i>wefan</i>, <i>wæfan</i>, to cover. O.N. <i>vefa</i>.</p> + +<p>Wafte, move, lift up, raise, <a href="poems.html#clean_line452">A. +453</a> O.N. <i>veifa</i>, to raise, move, swing. <i>Waft</i>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line856">B. 857</a>, in the sense of +<i>closed</i> may be of the same origin with <i>wafte</i><ins class="correction" title="text has , for .">. </ins></p> + +<p>Wage, endure, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line416">A. 416</a>.</p> + +<p>Wage, wave, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1484">B. 1484</a>. A.S. +<i>wágian</i>.</p> + +<p>Wake, watch, <a href="poems.html#clean_line84">A. 85</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line128">B. 130</a>. A.S. <i>wæccan</i>. O.N. +<i>vaka</i>.</p> + +<p>Waken, raise, arouse, awake, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1168">A. +1171</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line320">A. 323</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line436">437</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line888">891</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line932">933</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line948">948</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line132">B. 132</a>; O.N. <i>vakna</i>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Wyndis at hir wille to <i>wakyn</i> in the aire.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 404<ins class="correction" title="text has . after )">.)</ins></p> +</div> + +<p>Wakker (<i>comp.</i> of <i>wayke</i>), weaker <a href="poems.html#clean_line832">B. 835</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +<a name="gloss_wale" id="gloss_wale">Wale</a>,<br> +Walle,</td> +<td><p><i>vb.</i> discern, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1000">A. +1000</a>; choose, select, <a href="poems.html#clean_line920">A. +921</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line508">B. 511</a>; +<i>adj.</i> noble, choice, B.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> +<span class="pagenum">209</span> +<a name="page209" id="page209"> </a> +1734. Sc. <i>wale</i>. See <ins class="correction" title="text unchanged: error for ‘T. B.’?">T.</ins> 386, 4716. Ger. +<i>wählen</i>, to choose, select. O.N. <i>val</i>, electio, optio, +delectus. +<div class="verse"> +<p>“O mister was ther wimmen tuin,</p> +<p>Þat ledd þar liif wit sike and sin,</p> +<p>Ffor þai had husing nan to <i>wale</i>,</p> +<p>Þai lended in a littel scale.”</p> +<p class="author">(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 48<i>a</i>.)</p> +<p>“Of choys men syne, <i>walit</i> by cut (lot), thai tuke</p> +<p>A gret numbyr, and hyd in bylgis dern.”</p> +<p class="author">(G. Douglas, vol. i. p. 72.)</p> +<p>“Awai þan drou him son Davi,</p> +<p>Bot Saul dred him mo forþi,</p> +<p>And of a thusand men o <i>wal</i> (worth)</p> +<p>He made him ledder and marscal.”</p> +<p class="author">(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 43<i>a</i>.)</p> +<p>“That worthy had a wyfe <i>walit</i> hym seluon.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 105.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Walkyries, witches, fate-readers, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1576">B. 1577</a>. O.N. <i>valkyriur</i>; <i>f. +pl.</i> <i>Parcæ</i>. Dan. <i>valkyrier</i>.</p> + +<p>Wallande, boiling, bubbling up, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line364">A. 365</a>. A.S. <i>weallan</i>, to boil +up.</p> + +<p>Walle-heued = well-head, spring, <a href="poems.html#clean_line364">B. 364</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +<a name="gloss_walt" id="gloss_walt">Walt</a>,<br> +Walte,</td> +<td><p>rolled, turned, <a href="poems.html#clean_line500">B. 501</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1732">1734</a>. Prov.E. <i>walt</i><ins +class="correction" title="text has . for ,">, </ins><i>welt</i>. +A.S. <i>wealtian</i>, to roll. O.N. <i>vella</i>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Hit <i>walt</i> up the wilde se.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 4633.)</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="gloss_walter" id="gloss_walter">Walter</a>, roll, flow, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line412">A. 415</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1024">1027</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line140">B. 142</a>. O.Sc. <i>welter</i>, +<i>walter</i>. Dan. <i>vælte</i>, to roll. See <a href="#gloss_walt"><i>Walt</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Waltereȝ, an error for watterez = waters? <a href="poems.html#patience_line260">C. 263</a>.</p> + +<p>Walterande, swimming, <a href="poems.html#patience_line244">C. +247</a>.</p> + +<p>Walteȝ, pours, rushes, flows, <a href="poems.html#clean_line364">B. +364</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1036">1037</a>. See +<i>Walte</i>, T. B. 3699, 4632.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">209b</span> +<a name="page209b" id="page209b"> </a> + +<p>Wame, belly. See <a href="#gloss_wombe"><i>Wombe</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Wamel, to wamble, <a href="poems.html#patience_line300">C. 300</a>. +O.N. <i>vambla</i>. Dan. <i>vamle</i>, to wamble, to create or cause a +squeamishness or loathing. “<i>Wamelyn’</i> in the stomake. Nauseo.” +“<i>Wamelynge</i> of the stomake, Nausia.” (Prompt. Parv.)</p> + +<p>Wan (<i>pret.</i> of <i>wynne</i>), got, reached, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line104">A. 107</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line140">B. 140</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_wap" id="gloss_wap">Wap</a>, a step, <a href="poems.html#patience_line448">C. 449</a>. O.N. <i>vapp</i>. It is +generally explained by a blow, stroke, which was probably its original +meaning.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“The werld wannes at a <i>wappe</i> and the wedire gloumes.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 141.)</p> +<p>“It (worldly wealth) wites away at a <i>wapp</i>, as the wynd +turnes.”</p> +<p class="author">(<i>Ibid.</i> p. 181.)</p> +</div> + +<p class="continue">See T. B. 207, 6405.</p> + + +<p>Wappe, to strike, knock, <a href="poems.html#clean_line880">B. +882</a>.</p> + +<p>War, aware, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1096">A. 1096</a>; +crafty, <a href="poems.html#clean_line588">B. 589</a>. A.S. +<i>wær</i>, wary. O.N. <i>var</i>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +War,<br> +Ware,</td> +<td><p>guard, beware, <a href="poems.html#clean_line164">B. 165</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line544">545</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1132">1133</a>. A.S. <i>wárian</i>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Warded, guarded, <a href="poems.html#patience_line256">C. 258</a>. +A.S. <i>weardian</i>, to guard.</p> + +<p>Ware, were, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line148">A. 151</a>.</p> + +<p>Warisch, protect, <a href="poems.html#clean_line920">B. +921</a>.</p> + +<p>Warlaȝe, wizard, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1560">B. 1560</a>. +See <a href="#gloss_warlow"><i>Warlow</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Warlok, prison, <a href="poems.html#patience_line80">C. 80</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_warlow" id="gloss_warlow">Warlow</a>, a monster, +<a href="poems.html#patience_line256">C. 258</a>. A.S. +<i>wér-loga</i>, a liar, a faith-breaker.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Þe warlaȝ was wete of his wan atter.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 303.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Warne, bid, <a href="poems.html#patience_line468">C. 469</a>.</p> + +<p>Warnyng, <i>sb.</i> <a href="poems.html#clean_line1504">B. +1504</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Warpe,<br> +Warpen,</td> +<td><p>cast, hurl, <a href="poems.html#clean_line444">A. 444</a>; +ejaculate, utter, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line876">B. 879</a>; +<span class="pagenum">210</span> +<a name="page210" id="page210"> </a> +B. 152, 213. O.N. <i>varpa</i>. A.S. <i>weorpan</i>, to throw, +cast.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Warþe, a water-ford, <a href="poems.html#patience_line336">C. +339</a>. A.S. <i>warth</i>, <i>waroth</i>, the shore.</p> + +<p>Wary, curse, <a href="poems.html#clean_line512">B. 513</a>. A.S. +<i>wærgian</i>, to curse.</p> + +<p>Waryed, accursed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1716">B. +1716</a>.</p> + +<p>Wassayl, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1508">B. 1508</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Wast,<br> +Waste,</td> +<td><p>destroy, <a href="poems.html#clean_line324">B. 326</a>, <ins +class="correction" title="text has .431,">431,</ins> 1178. A.S. +<i>wéstan</i>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p><a name="gloss_wasturne" id="gloss_wasturne">Wasturne</a>, a +wilderness, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1672">B. 1674</a>. +<i>Wasterne</i> signifies a desert place, from the A.S. <i>wéste</i>, +desert, barren, and <i>ærn</i>, a place.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Methoughte I was in a wode willed myne one,</p> +<p>That I ne wiste no waye whedire that I scholde,</p> +<p>Ffore wolueȝ and whilde swynne, swykkyde bestez,</p> +<p>Walkede in that <i>wasterne</i> wathes to seche.”</p> +<p class="author">(Morte Arthure, p. 270.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Wate = wot, know, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line500">A. 502</a>. +A.S. <i>witan</i> (<i>Ic wát</i>, <i>þu wást</i>, <i>he wát</i>).</p> + +<p>Water, stream, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line104">A. 107</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line136">139</a>; river, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1380">B. 1380</a>.</p> + +<p>Wauleȝ, shelterless, from the A.S. <i>wáh</i>, a wall (?), <a href="poems.html#patience_line260">C. 262</a>. We should perhaps read +wanleȝ = wonleȝ, hopeless, from the A.S. <i>wén</i>. O.N. <i>von</i>. +O.E. <i>wone</i>, hope.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_wawe" id="gloss_wawe">Wawe</a>, wave, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line284">A. 287</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line380">A. 382</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line140">B. 142</a>. A.S. <i>wæg</i>.</p> + +<p>Wax, increase, <a href="poems.html#clean_line520">B. 521</a>.</p> + +<p>Waxlokes, waves (?), <a href="poems.html#clean_line1036">B. +1037</a>.</p> + +<p>Wayferand, wayfaring, <a href="poems.html#clean_line76">B. +79</a>.</p> + +<p>Waykned, weakened, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1420">B. 1422</a>. +O.N. <i>veikr</i>. A.S. <i>wác</i>, weak; <i>wácan</i>, to become +weak.</p> + +<p>Wayle, select, choice, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1716">B. +1716</a>. See <a href="#gloss_wale"><i>Wale</i></a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">210b</span> +<a name="page210b" id="page210b"> </a> + +<p>Waymot, passionate, <a href="poems.html#patience_line492">C. +492</a>. A.S. <i>weamod</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_wayne" id="gloss_wayne">Wayne</a>, give, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1504">B. 1504</a>; gain, recover, 1616, 1701. The +original meaning seems to be that of gaining, getting. O.Fr. +<i>gaagnier</i>. In some O.E. works <i>wayne</i> is used like our word +<i>get</i>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Than past up the proude quene into prevé chambre,</p> +<p><i>Waynes</i> (<i>i.e.</i> puts out her head) out at wyndow and +waytes aboute.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 33.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Wayte, look into, search, <a href="poems.html#clean_line96">A. +99</a>; be careful, <a href="poems.html#clean_line292">A. 292</a>; +look about, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1420">A. 1423</a>; +inquire, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1552">B. 1552</a>. See +T. B. 876. “<i>Waytyn</i> or <i>aspyyn</i>, observo.” (Prompt. +Parv.)</p> + +<p>Waȝeȝes, <i>waȝes</i>, waves, <a href="poems.html#clean_line404">B. +404</a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Girdon ouer the grym <i>waghes</i>.”</p> +<p class="author"> +(T. B. 1410.)</p> +</div> +<p class="continue"> +See <a href="#gloss_wawe"><i>Wawe</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Webbe, cloth, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line68">A. 71</a>.</p> + +<p>Wedde, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line772">A. 772</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line68">B. 69</a>.</p> + +<p>Wedded wyf, <a href="poems.html#clean_line328">B. 330</a>.</p> + +<p>Weddyng, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line788">A. 791</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Wed,<br> +Wede,</td> +<td><p>garments, weeds, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line748">A. 748</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line764">766</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line792">B. 793</a>. A.S. <i>wæd</i>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Wed,<br> +Wede,</td> +<td><p>become mad, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1584">B. 1585</a>. +A.S. <i>wédan</i>, to rave, be mad.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Weder, storm, <a href="poems.html#clean_line444">B. 444</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line948">948</a>.</p> + +<p>Weder, weather, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1760">B. +1760</a>.</p> + +<p>Wela-wynnely, very joyfully, <a href="poems.html#clean_line828">B. +831</a>. A.S. <i>welig</i>, rich, bountiful; <i>wyn</i>, pleasure, +joy.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Welcom,<br> +Welcum,</td> +<td><p><a href="poems.html#clean_line812">B. 813</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p><a name="gloss_welde" id="gloss_welde">Welde</a>, govern, rule, +wield, <a href="poems.html#clean_line192">A. 195</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line832">835</a>; use, employ, possess, <a href="poems.html#clean_line704">A. 705</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1348">1351</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line16">B. 16</a>. A.S. <i>wealdan</i>, rule, +exercise, possess.</p> + +<p>Welder, ruler, <a href="poems.html#patience_line128">C. +129</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">211</span> +<a name="page211" id="page211"> </a> + +<p>Wele, joy (<i>pl.</i> <i>weleȝ</i>), <a href="poems.html#pearl_line12">A. 14</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line152">154</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line392">394</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line648">A. 651</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line260">B. 262</a>. A.S. <i>wela</i>.</p> + +<p>Welgest, worthiest, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1244">B. +1244</a>. A.S. <i>welig</i> (<i>welga</i>), rich, wealthy.</p> + +<p>Welke, walked, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line100">A. 101</a>.</p> + +<p>Welkyn, welkin, the sky. A.S. <i>welcn</i>, <i>wolcen</i>. O.Sc. +<i>walk</i>, a cloud.</p> + +<p>Welle-hedeȝ, springs, <a href="poems.html#clean_line428">B. +428</a>.</p> + +<p>Welt, revolved, <a href="poems.html#patience_line112">C. 115</a>. +See <a href="#gloss_walter"><i>Walter</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Welwed, faded, <a href="poems.html#patience_line472">C. 475</a>. +A.S. <i>wealwian</i>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“The grond stud burrant, widderit dosk or gray,</p> +<p>Herbis, flowris and gersis <i>wallowyt</i> away.”</p> +<p class="author">(G. Douglas, vol. i. p. 378.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Wely, joyous, happy, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line100">A. 101</a>. +A.S. <i>welig</i>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“<i>Welli</i> make, Laverd, and noght ille,</p> +<p>To Syon in þi gode wille.”</p> +<p class="author">(Ps. i. 20.)</p> +<p>“Þan was þar never suilk a hald,</p> +<p>Ne nan in <i>welier</i> in werld to wald.”</p> +<p class="author">(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 55<i>b</i>.)</p> +</div> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Wem,<br> +Wemme,</td> +<td><p>spot, blemish, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1000">A. 1003</a>. +A.S. <i>wem</i>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Wemleȝ, spotless, without blemish.</p> + +<p>Wenche, woman, <a href="poems.html#clean_line972">A. 974</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1248">1250</a>; concubine, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1716">B. 1716</a>. A.S. <i>wencle</i>, +a maid. S.Sax. <i>wenchell</i>, a child.</p> + +<p>Wende = wened, thought, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1148">A. +1148</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line108">C. 111</a>.</p> + +<p>Wene = ween, believe, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line44">A. 47</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line820">A. 821</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line244">B. 244</a>. A.S. <i>wénan</i>.</p> + +<p>Wene, doubt, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1140">A. 1141</a>.</p> + +<p>Weng, avenge, <a href="poems.html#clean_line200">B. 201</a>.</p> + +<p>Wenyng, supposition, <a href="poems.html#patience_line112">C. +115</a>.</p> + +<p>Wepande, weeping, <a href="poems.html#patience_line384">C. +384</a>.</p> + +<p>Weppen, weapon, <a href="poems.html#clean_line832">B. 835</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">211b</span> +<a name="page211b" id="page211b"> </a> + +<p>Wered, guarded, protected, <a href="poems.html#patience_line484">C. +486</a>. A.S. <i>weren</i>. Ger. <i>wehren</i>, defend.</p> + +<p>Werkeȝ, labours, <a href="poems.html#clean_line136">B. 136</a>.</p> + +<p>Werp (<i>pret.</i> of <i>warp</i>), threw, <a href="poems.html#clean_line284">B. 284</a>.</p> + +<p>Werre, war, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1176">B. 1178</a>.</p> + +<p>Wers, worse, <a href="poems.html#clean_line80">B. 80</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_werte" id="gloss_werte">Werte</a>, root, herb, +<a href="poems.html#patience_line476">C. 478</a>. A.S. <i>wyrt</i>.</p> + +<p>Weryng, wearing, age, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1120">B. +1123</a>. “<i>Weryn</i> or wax olde, febyl, veterasco.” (Prompt. +Parv.)</p> + +<p>Wesch, washed, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line764">A. 766</a>.</p> + +<p>Westernays, wrongly, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line304">A. 307</a>. +See <a href="poems.html#pearl_note307">Note on this word</a>, p. 106. +? wiþer-ways, wrong-wise.</p> + +<p>Wete, wet, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line760">A. 761</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_weue" id="gloss_weue">Weue</a>, pass, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line316">A. 318</a>.</p> + +<p>Weued, cut off (?), <a href="poems.html#clean_line220">B. +222</a>.</p> + +<p>Wex (<i>pret.</i> of <i>wax</i>), became, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line536">A. 538</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line204">B. 204</a>.</p> + +<p>Weȝe, weigh (anchor), <a href="poems.html#patience_line100">C. +103</a>; carry round, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1420">B. 1420</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1508">1508</a>. A.S. <i>wegan</i>, to +weigh, carry.</p> + +<p>Weȝte, weight, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1732">B. 1734</a>.</p> + +<p>Wham, whom, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line128">A. 131</a>.</p> + +<p>Whateȝ = watȝ, was, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1040">A. +1041</a>.</p> + +<p>What-kyn, what kind of, <a href="poems.html#clean_line100">B. +100</a>.</p> + +<p>Whichche = hutch, ark, <a href="poems.html#clean_line360">B. +362</a>. “<i>Hutche</i> or <i>whyche</i>, cista, archa.” (Prompt. Parv.) +A.S. <i>hwæcca</i>.</p> + +<p>Whyle, moment, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1620">B. 1620</a>.</p> + +<p>Wite, blame. See <a href="#gloss_wyte"><i>Wyte</i></a>.</p> + +<p>With-droȝ, withdrew, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line656">A. +658</a>.</p> + +<p>With-nay, refuse, deny, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line916">A. +916</a>.</p> + +<p>Wiȝt = wight, quickly, <a href="poems.html#patience_line100">C. +103</a>. See <a href="#gloss_wyght"><i>Wyȝt</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Wlate, to abhor, hate, detest, <a href="poems.html#clean_line304">A. 305</a>; to be disgusted at, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1500">B. 1501</a>. A.S. <i>wlættian</i>.</p> + +<p>Wlatsum, hateful, abominable, <a href="poems.html#clean_line540">B. +541</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">212</span> +<a name="page212" id="page212"> </a> +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Wlonc,<br> +Wlonk,</td> +<td><p>beautiful, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line120">A. 122</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line1168">1171</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line604">A. 606</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line792">793</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line932">933</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line484">C. 486</a>; good, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line900">B. 903</a>. A.S. <i>wlanc</i>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Wod,<br> +Wode,</td> +<td><p>mad, enraged, <a href="poems.html#clean_line204">A. 204</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1556">1558</a>; foolish, <a href="poems.html#clean_line828">A. 828</a>; fierce, strong, <a href="poems.html#clean_line364">A. 364</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line140">B. 142</a>. A.S. <i>wód</i>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Wodbynde, woodbine, <a href="poems.html#patience_line444">C. +446</a>.</p> + +<p>Wodder (<i>comp.</i> of <i>wode</i>), fiercer, rougher, <a href="poems.html#patience_line160">C. 162</a>.</p> + +<p>Woghe, wrong, sin, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line620">A. 622</a>. +A.S. <i>woh</i>.</p> + +<p>Wolde = walde, perform, do, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line812">A. +812</a>. See <a href="#gloss_welde"><i>Welde</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Wolde, would, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line772">A. 772</a>.</p> + +<p>Wolen, woollen, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line728">A. 731</a>.</p> + +<p>Wolle, wool, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line844">A. 844</a>.</p> + +<p><a name="gloss_wombe" id="gloss_wombe">Wombe</a>, belly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line460">B. 462</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1248">1250</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +<a name="gloss_won" id="gloss_won">Won</a>,<br> +Wone,</td> +<td><p><i>sb.</i> dwelling, abode, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line32">A. 32</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1048">1049</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line140">A. 140</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line928">928</a>; woneȝ, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line916">A. 917</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line924">924</a>; <i>vb.</i> to dwell, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line404">A. 404</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line296">298</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line872">B. 875</a>. A.S. <i>wunian</i>. O.Fris. +<i>wona</i>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Won = wone, custom, usage, <a href="poems.html#clean_line720">B. +720</a>. A.S. <i>wune</i>.</p> + +<p>Wonde, fear, hesitate, <a href="poems.html#clean_line852">B. +855</a>. A.S. <i>wandian</i>.</p> + +<p>Wonde = wande, delay, cease, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line152">A. +153</a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“[I wole] for no dethe <i>wonde</i>.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 591.)</p> +<p>“I wille noghte <i>wonde</i> for no werre,</p> +<p>To wende whare me likes.”</p> +<p class="author">(Morte Arthure, p. 292.)</p> +<p>“Sua did þis wiif I yow of redd,</p> +<p>Sco folud Joseph ai þar he fledd,</p> +<p>And for sco foluand fand a spurn,</p> +<p>Sco waited him wit a werr turn,</p> +<p>Hirself in godds gram and gilt,</p> +<p>And almast did him to be spilt;</p> +<p>How sco broght him to the fand (trial),</p> +<p>Fforth to telle wil I noght <i>waand</i>.”</p> +<p class="author">(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 25<i>a</i>.)</p> +</div> + +<span class="pagenum">212b</span> +<a name="page212b" id="page212b"> </a> + +<p>Wonder, <i>adj.</i> wonderful, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1092">A. 1095</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line152">B. 153</a>.</p> + +<p>Wonderly, wonderfully, <a href="poems.html#clean_line568">A. +570</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line384">B. 384</a>.</p> + +<p>Woned = waned, decreased, <a href="poems.html#clean_line496">B. +496</a>. A.S. <i>wanian</i>, to decrease.</p> + +<p>Wonen (<i>pret. pl.</i>) got, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1776">B. 1777</a>.</p> + +<p>Wonne, pale, wan, <a href="poems.html#patience_line140">C. 141</a>. +A.S. <i>wonn</i>, wan.</p> + +<p>Wonne, got, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line32">A. 32</a>.</p> + +<p>Wonnen, begotten, <a href="poems.html#clean_line112">B. +112</a>.</p> + +<p>Wonnyng, dwelling, <a href="poems.html#clean_line920">B. 921</a>. +See <a href="#gloss_won"><i>Won</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Wont, be wanting, <a href="poems.html#clean_line736">B. +739</a>.</p> + +<p>Wony, dwell, abide, live, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line284">A. +284</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line428">A. 431</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line460">B. 462</a>. See <a href="#gloss_won"><i>Won</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Wonyande, dwelling, living, <a href="poems.html#clean_line292">B. +293</a>.</p> + +<p>Wonys, dwells, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line44">A. 47</a>.</p> + +<p>Worche, <i>vb.</i> work, labour, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line508">A. 511</a>.</p> + +<p>Worcher = worker, maker, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1500">B. +1501</a>.</p> + +<p>Worchyp, honour, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1800">B. +1802</a>.</p> + +<p>Worded, spoken, uttered, <a href="poems.html#patience_line420">C. +421</a>.</p> + +<p>Wore, were, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line140">A. 142</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line232">232</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line928">B. 928</a>.</p> + +<p>Worme, reptile, <a href="poems.html#clean_line532">B. 533</a>.</p> + +<p>Worre, weaker, literally, worse, <a href="poems.html#clean_line716">B. 719</a>. O.N. <i>verr</i>. Sw. +<i>värre</i>. O.Sc. <i>war</i>. O.E. <i>werr</i>, worse.</p> + +<p>Worschyp, honour, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line392">A. +394</a>.</p> + +<p>Worteȝ, herbs, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line40">A. 42</a>. See +<a href="#gloss_werte"><i>Werte</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Worþe, to be, <a href="poems.html#patience_line20">C. 22</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket four"> +Worþely,<br> +Worþelych,<br> +Worþly,<br> +Worþlych,<br> +Worþyly,</td> +<td><p>worthy, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line44">A. 47</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line844">846</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1072">1073</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line468">B. 471</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line648">651</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1296">1298</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1348">1351</a>; beautiful<ins class="correction" +title="text has ; for ,">, </ins>C. 475.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Worþloker, more worthy (<i>comp.</i> of <i>worþelych</i>), <a href="poems.html#patience_line464">C. 464</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Wost,<br> +Woste,</td> +<td><p>knowest, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line292">A. 293</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line408">411</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line872">B. 875</a>. See <a href="#gloss_wot"><i>Wot</i></a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p><a name="gloss_wot" id="gloss_wot">Wot</a>, know, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line44">A. 47</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1104">1107</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line128">C. 129</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">213</span> +<a name="page213" id="page213"> </a> + +<p>Wote, knows, <a href="poems.html#patience_line396">C. 397</a>.</p> + +<p>Woþe, hurt, harm, <a href="poems.html#clean_line852">B. 855</a>. +This word occurs under the forms <i>quathe</i>, <i>wathe</i>, and seems +to be related to O.E. <i>qued</i>. Low Ger. <i>quat</i>, bad. O.E. +<i>wathe</i>, bad; <i>wathely</i>, badly.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Ffor <i>woþe</i> of þe worse.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 1223.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Woþe, path, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line148">A. 151</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line372">375</a>. A.S. <i>wáth</i>, <i>wáthu</i>. +O.E. <i>wathe</i>, a way, path. See extract under the word +<i>Wasturne</i>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Wowe,<br> +Woȝe,</td> +<td><p>wall, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1048">A. 1049</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line832">B. 832</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line836">839</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1400">1403</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1528">1531</a>. A.S. <i>wáh</i>. “<i>Wowe</i> or +wal, murus.” (Prompt. Parv.)</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Wrache, vengeance, <a href="poems.html#clean_line204">A. 204</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line228">229</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line184">B. 185</a>. A.S. <i>wrec</i>, +<i>wracu</i>.</p> + +<p>Wrak (<i>pret.</i> of <i>wreke</i>), avenged, <a href="poems.html#clean_line568">B. 570</a>.</p> + +<p>Wrake, vengeance, <a href="poems.html#clean_line212">B. 213</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line232">235</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line716">718</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line968">970</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1224">1225</a>.</p> + +<p>Wrakful, angry, bitter, <a href="poems.html#clean_line300">B. +302</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line540">541</a>.</p> + +<p>Wrang, wrong, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line12">A. 15</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line76">A. 76</a>; wrongly, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line488">A. 488</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line628">631</a>; bad, <a href="poems.html#patience_line384">B. 384</a>.</p> + +<p>Wraste (<i>pret.</i> of <i>wreste</i>), raised, uplifted, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1164">A. 1166</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1400">1403</a>; thrust, 1802; <a href="poems.html#patience_line80">B. 80</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Wrastel,<br> +Wrastle,</td> +<td><p>wrestle, <a href="poems.html#clean_line948">A. 949</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line140">B. 141</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Wraþe, become angry, <a href="poems.html#clean_line228">A. 230</a>; +<a href="poems.html#patience_line72">C. 74</a>; make angry, <a href="poems.html#clean_line716">B. 719</a>.</p> + +<p>Wraȝte, wrought, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line56">A. 56</a>.</p> + +<p>Wrech = wrache, vengeance, <a href="poems.html#clean_line228">B. +230</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket three"> +Wrech,<br> +Wreche,<br> +Wrechche,</td> +<td><p>wretch, <a href="poems.html#clean_line84">A. 84</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line828">828</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line112">B. 113</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Wrech, wretched, <a href="poems.html#patience_line256">C. 258</a>. +A.S. +<span class="pagenum">213b</span> +<a name="page213b" id="page213b"> </a> +<i>wrec</i>, wretched. With <i>wrech</i> and <i>wretched</i>, cf. +<i>wik</i> and <i>wikked</i>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Wrek,<br> +Wreke,</td> +<td><p>avenged, <a href="poems.html#clean_line196">B. +198</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Wrenche, device, <a href="poems.html#clean_line292">B. 292</a>. +A.S. <i>wrence</i>.</p> + +<p>Wro, passage; literally, corner, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line864">A. 866</a>. O.Sw. <i>wraa</i>. Dan. +<i>vraa</i>.</p> + +<p>Wroken, (<i>pret.</i> of <i>wreke</i>), banished, exiled, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line372">A. 375</a>. A.S. <i>wrecan</i>, to +exile, banish.</p> + +<p>Wrot (<i>pret.</i> of <i>wrote</i>), grubbed up, <a href="poems.html#patience_line464">C. 467</a>. A.S. <i>wrótan</i>, to turn up +with the snout; <i>wrót</i>, a snout.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“With wrathe he begynnus to <i>wrote</i>,</p> +<p>He ruskes vppe mony a rote</p> +<p>With tusshes of iij. fote.”</p> +<p class="author">(Avowynge of Arthur, xii. 13.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Wroþe, fierce, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1676">B. 1676</a>. +A.S. <i>wráth</i>, wroth, enraged.</p> + +<p>Wroþeloker (<i>comp.</i> of <i>wroþely</i>), more fiercely, angrily, +<a href="poems.html#patience_line132">C. 132</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Wroþely,<br> +Wroþly,</td> +<td><p>angrily, fiercely, <a href="poems.html#clean_line280">A. +280</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line948">949</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line132">B. 132</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Wroþer (<i>comp.</i> of <i>wroþe</i>), fiercer, <a href="poems.html#patience_line160">C. 162</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Wroȝt,<br> +Wroȝte,</td> +<td><p>wrought, worked, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line524">A. 525</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line748">748</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Wruxeled, raised, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1380">B. 1381</a>. +<i>Wrixle</i> = change, turn, occurs in T. B. 445.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Þis unwarnes of wit <i>wrixlis</i> hys mynd.”</p> +</div> + +<p>Wryst, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1532">B. 1535</a>.</p> + +<p>Wryt, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1552">B. 1552</a>.</p> + +<p>Wryþe, turn, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line348">A. 350</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line488">488</a>; wriggle, <a href="poems.html#clean_line532">A. 533</a>; toil, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line508">A. 511</a>; bind, thrust, <a href="poems.html#patience_line80">B. 80</a>. A.S. <i>writhan</i>, to +writhe, bind, twist. “<i>Writhen</i> like a wilde eddur.” T. B. +4432.</p> + +<p>Wunder, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1388">B. 1390</a>.</p> + +<p>Wunnen, won, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1304">B. 1305</a>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">214</span> +<a name="page214" id="page214"> </a> + +<p>Wyche, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1576">B. 1577</a>.</p> + +<p>Wyche-crafte, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1560">B. 1560</a>.</p> + +<p>Wyddere, wither, <a href="poems.html#patience_line468">C. +468</a>.</p> + +<p>Wydowande (<i>wyndowande</i>), withering, dry, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1048">B. 1048</a>; <i>wyndowand</i> = burnt up. +N.Prov.E. <i>winny</i>, to dry, burn up.</p> + +<p>Wyke, member, part, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1688">B. +1690</a>. O.N. <i>vik</i>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Wykke,<br> +Wyk,</td> +<td><p>wicked, <a href="poems.html#clean_line908">B. 908</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1060">1063</a>. A.S. <i>wícan</i>, to become +weak, to yield. O.N. <i>víkia</i>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Wykket,<br> +Wyket,</td> +<td><p>wicket, gate, door, <a href="poems.html#clean_line500">B. +501</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line856">857</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +<a name="gloss_wyl" id="gloss_wyl">Wyl</a>,<br> +Wylle,</td> +<td><p>wandering, <a href="poems.html#patience_line472">C. 473</a>; +forlorn, <a href="poems.html#clean_line76">B. 76</a>. O.N. +<i>villa</i>, error; <i>villa</i>, to lead astray, beguile. Phrase, +<i>wille o wan</i>, astray from abode, uncertain where to go; +<i>wil-sum</i>, <i>wil-ful</i>, lonely, solitary, desert.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“So I <i>wilt</i> in the wod.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 2359.)</p> +<p>“Adam went out ful <i>wille</i> o wan.”</p> +<p class="author">(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 7<i>a</i>.)</p> +<p>“All wery I wex and <i>wyle</i> of my <i>gate</i>.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 2369.)</p> +<p>“Sone ware thay <i>willid</i> fra the way the wod was so thick.”</p> +<p class="author">(K. Alex. p. 102.)</p> +<p>“Sorful bicom þat fals file (the devil)</p> +<p>And thoght how he moght man <i>bi-wille</i>;</p> +<p>Agains God wex he sa gril,</p> +<p>Þat alle his werk he wend to spil.”</p> +<p class="author">(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 5<i>b</i>.)</p> +<p>“His suns þat (we) of forwit melt,</p> +<p>Al þe werld bituix þam delt;</p> +<p>Asie to Sem, to Cham Affrik,</p> +<p>To Japhet Europ þat <i>wilful</i> wike:</p> +<p>Al þer þre þai war ful rike.”</p> +<p class="author">(<i>Ibid.</i> fol. 13<i>a</i>.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Wyldren = wyldern (?), waste, wilderness, <a href="poems.html#patience_line296">C. 297</a>. A.S. <i>wild</i>, +<span class="pagenum">214b</span> +<a name="page214b" id="page214b"> </a> +wild, and <i>ærn</i>, a place (?). See <a href="#gloss_wasturne"><i>Wasturne</i></a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“In <i>wildrin</i> land and in wastin,</p> +<p>I wil tham (the Israelites) bring of þair nocin;</p> +<p>Bot wel I wat he (Pharaoh) is ful thra,</p> +<p>Lath sal him think to let þam ga.”</p> +<p class="author">(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 33<ins class="correction" title="anomalous Roman (non-Italic) type"><i>a</i></ins>.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Wylsfully, wilfully, <a href="poems.html#clean_line268">B. +268</a>.</p> + +<p>Wylger, wild, fierce, <a href="poems.html#clean_line372">B. +375</a>. See <a href="#gloss_note">extract under the word +<i>Note</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Wylle, forlorn, <a href="poems.html#clean_line76">B. 76</a>. See +<a href="#gloss_wyl"><i>Wyl</i></a>.</p> + +<p>Wylnes, apostacy, <a href="poems.html#clean_line228">B. +231</a>.</p> + +<p>Wylneȝ, desirest (<i>2d pers. sing</i> of <i>wylne</i>), <a href="poems.html#pearl_line316">A. 318</a>. A.S. <i>wilnian</i>.</p> + +<p>Wyly, curiously, craftily, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1452">B. +1452</a>. A.S. <i>wile</i>, a device.</p> + +<p>Wyndas, windlass, <a href="poems.html#patience_line100">C. +103</a>.</p> + +<p>Wyndowe, <a href="poems.html#clean_line452">B. 453</a>.</p> + +<p>Wynne, joyful, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line152">A. 154</a>. A.S. +<i>wyn</i>, pleasure, delight.</p> + +<p>Wynne, obtain, get, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line576">A. 579</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line616">B. 617</a>. A.S. <i>winnan</i>. See +T. B. 1165.</p> + +<p>Wynnelych, gracious, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1804">B. +1807</a>, Cp. <i>wynly</i> = dexterously, 1165.</p> + +<p>Wyrde, fate, destiny, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line248">A. +249</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line272">273</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line1224">B. 1224</a>. Sc. <i>wird</i>. A.S. +<i>wyrd</i>.</p> + +<p>Wyrle, flew, <a href="poems.html#clean_line472">B. 475</a>.</p> + +<p>Wyschande, hoping for, wishing, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line12">A. 14</a>.</p> + +<p>Wyse, manner, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1092">A. 1095</a>; +<i>wyses</i>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1804">B. 1805</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Wyse,<br> +Wysse,</td> +<td><p>show, appear, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1132">A. 1135</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1564">A. 1564</a>; direct, send out, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line452">A. 453</a>; instruct, <a href="poems.html#patience_line60">B. 60</a>. A.S. +<i>wissian</i>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Wyst,<br> +Wyste,</td> +<td><p>knew, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line376">A. 376</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line152">B. 152</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Wyt, wisdom, <a href="poems.html#clean_line348">A. 348</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line128">B. 129</a>.</p> + +<p>Wyt, know, learn, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1316">B. 1319</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1360">1360</a>. A.S. <i>witan</i>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">215</span> +<a name="page215" id="page215"> </a> + +<p><a name="gloss_wyte" id="gloss_wyte">Wyte</a>, blame, <a href="poems.html#clean_line76">A. 76</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line500">B. 501</a>. A.S. <i>wítian</i>.</p> + +<p>Wyte, pass away (?), <a href="poems.html#patience_line396">C. +397</a>. A.S. <i>wítan</i>.</p> + +<p>Wyter, true, truly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1552">B. +1552</a>. O.N. <i>vitr</i>, wise, prudent.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“& her ice wile shæwenn ȝaw</p> +<p>Summ þing to <i>witter</i> tákenn.”</p> +<p class="author">(Ormulum, vol. i. p. 115.)</p> +<p>“Ne þe nedder was noght bitter</p> +<p>Þan, þowf he was ever <i>witter</i>;</p> +<p>Ffor of alle, als sheus þe boke,</p> +<p>Mast he cuth o crafte and crok.”</p> +<p class="author">(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 5<i>b</i>.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Wytered, informed, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1584">B. +1587</a>.</p> + +<p>Wyterly, truly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line168">B. 171</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1564">1567</a>. Dan. <i>vitterlig</i>, +known, manifest.</p> + +<p>Wyþe, gentle, soft, <a href="poems.html#patience_line452">C. +454</a>. A.S. <i>wéthe</i>, soft, pleasant.</p> + +<p>Wyþer, contrary, opposite, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line228">A. +230</a>; adverse, hostile, <a href="poems.html#patience_line48">C. +48</a>. S.Sax. <i>witherr</i>, adverse, evil. A.S. <i>witherian</i>, to +oppose, resist. Cf. <i>wetheruns</i> = <i>wetherings</i>, enemies, +T. B. 5048.</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Ga, <i>witherr</i> gast, o bacch fra me.”</p> +<p class="author">(Ormulum, vol. ii. p. 41.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Wyþerly, fiercely, angrily, <a href="poems.html#clean_line196">A. +198</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line72">B. 74</a>.</p> + +<p>Wyth-halde, withhold, <a href="poems.html#clean_line740">B. +740</a>.</p> + +<p>Wythouten, without, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line388">A. +390</a>.</p> + +<p>Wytles, foolish, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1584">A. 1585</a>; +<a href="poems.html#patience_line112">B. 113</a>.</p> + +<p>Wytte, meaning, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1628">A. 1630</a>; +wit, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line292">A. 294</a>; <i>wytteȝ</i>, +devices, <a href="poems.html#clean_line512">B. 515</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Wyȝ,<br> +Wyȝe,</td> +<td><p>person, being, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line128">A. 131</a>, +<a href="poems.html#pearl_line576">579</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line544">B. 545</a>. A.S. <i>wiga</i>, a warrior, +soldier; <i>wig</i>, war.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p><a name="gloss_wyght" id="gloss_wyght">Wyȝt</a>, quick, quickly, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line616">A. 617</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line100">B. 103</a>. O.E. <i>wight</i>. Sw. +<i>vig</i>, active.</p> + +<p>Wyȝtly, quickly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line908">B. 908</a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“He waites vmbe hym <i>wightly</i>.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 876<ins class="correction" title="text has . after )">.)</ins></p> +</div> + + +<span class="pagenum">215b</span> +<a name="page215b" id="page215b"> </a> + +<p class="letterhead"> +<a name="gloss_Y" id="gloss_Y" href="#glossary">Y</a></p> + +<p>Ydropike, dropsical, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1096">B. +1096</a>.</p> + +<p>Yle, isle, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line692">A. 693</a>.</p> + +<p>Ylle, bad, evil, <a href="poems.html#patience_line8">C. 8</a>.</p> + +<p>Ynde, blue, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1016">A. 1016</a>; +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1408">B. 1411</a>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Þe toiþer heu neist (to grennes) for to find,</p> +<p>Es al o <i>bleu</i>, men cals it <i>ynd</i>.”</p> +<p class="author">(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 53<i>a</i>.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Yow, you, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line284">A. 287</a>.</p> + +<p>Yor, your, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line760">A. 761</a>.</p> + +<p>Yre, anger, <a href="poems.html#clean_line772">B. 775</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1240">1240</a>.</p> + +<p>Yþe, wave, <a href="poems.html#clean_line428">A. 430</a>; <a href="poems.html#patience_line144">B. 147</a>. A.S. <i>ythu</i>, a wave, +flood. S.Sax. <i>uthe</i>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Þe roghe <i>yþes</i>.” —T. B. 1045.</p> +</div> + +<p>Yȝe, eye (<i>pl.</i> <i>yȝen</i>), <a href="poems.html#pearl_line252">A. 254</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line300">302</a>.</p> + + +<p class="letterhead"> +<a name="gloss_Z" id="gloss_Z" href="#glossary">Ȝ</a></p> + +<p>Ȝare = yare, plainly, accurately, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line832">A. 834</a>. A.S. <i>gearo</i>, ready, +prepared, accurate.</p> + +<p>Ȝark, <i>adj.</i> select, <a href="poems.html#clean_line652">A. +652</a>; prepare, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1708">A. 1708</a>; +<i>vb.</i> to grant, <a href="poems.html#clean_line756">B. 758</a>. A.S. <i>gearcian</i>, to +prepare, make ready. See T. B. 414.</p> + +<p>Ȝarm, cry, <a href="poems.html#clean_line968">B. 971</a>. As the +character ȝ in these poems always represents <i>g</i> or <i>gh</i>, +<i>ȝarm</i> is evidently not derived from the A.S. <i>cyrm</i>, noise, +retained in O.E. <i>charm</i>, a humming noise, the cry of birds, +etc., but is from the Welsh <i>garm</i>, shout, outcry; <i>garmio</i>, +to set up a cry, from which the A.S. <i>cyrm</i>, is itself derived.</p> + +<p>Ȝate, gate, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1032">A. 1034</a>.</p> + +<p>Ȝe, ye, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line380">A. 381</a>.</p> + +<p>Ȝede (<i>pret.</i> of <i>go</i>), went, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line524">A. 526</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1048">1049</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line432">B. 432</a>.</p> + +<p>Ȝederly, quickly, soon, <a href="poems.html#clean_line460">B. +463</a>. O.N. <i>gedugr</i>, exceedingly. The adjective <i>ȝeder</i> +does not occur in the poems, but was not +<span class="pagenum">216</span> +<a name="page216" id="page216"> </a> +unknown to O.E. literature. It occurs in the glossary to the Romance of +King Alexander, ed. Stevenson, but is left unexplained by the +editor.</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Then bownes agayn the bald kyng, baldly he wepis,</p> +<p>That he so skitly suld skifte and fo his skars terme;</p> +<p>So did his princes, sais the profe, for pete of himselfe,</p> +<p>With <i>ȝedire</i> ȝoskinges and ȝerre ȝette out to grete.”</p> +<p class="author">(p. 172.)</p> +</div> + +<p class="continue">“<i>Ȝedire ȝoskinges</i> = great (frequent) +sobbings.”</p> + +<p>Ȝelde, yield, perform, <a href="poems.html#clean_line664">B. +665</a>.</p> + +<p>Ȝellyng = yelling, outcry, <a href="poems.html#clean_line968">B. +971</a>. A.S. <i>geallian</i>, to yell. “<i>Ȝellyn’</i> or hydowsly +cryin’, Vociferor.” (Prompt. Parv.)</p> + +<p>Ȝeme, protect, guard, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1240">B. +1242</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1492">1493</a>. A.S. +<i>géman</i>, to care for, take care of.</p> + +<p>Ȝemen, yeomen, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line532">A. 535</a>.</p> + +<p>Ȝender, yonder, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1616">B. +1617</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Ȝep,<br> +Ȝepe,</td> +<td><p>quick, active, bold, <a href="poems.html#clean_line796">B. +796</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line880">881</a>. A.S. +<i>gæp</i>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“So yonge & so <i>ȝepe</i>.” T. B. 357.</p> +</div> + +<p>Ȝeply, quickly, <a href="poems.html#clean_line664">B. 665</a>, +<a href="poems.html#clean_line1708">1708</a>. See T. B. 414.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Ȝer,<br> +Ȝere,</td> +<td><p>year, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line480">A. 483</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line588">588</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Ȝerne = yearn, desire, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1188">A. +1190</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line64">B. 66</a>, <a href="poems.html#clean_line756">758</a>.</p> + +<p>Ȝestande, <a href="poems.html#clean_line844">B. 846</a>. If from +the A.S. <i>gæston</i>, “afflicted,” we may render this term +“afflicting,” but if, as is more probable, it is from the A.S. +<i>gist</i>, froth, yeast, we may explain it as “frothing,” +“overflowing.” Cf. the phrase, “the <i>yesty</i> waves.”</p> + +<span class="pagenum">216b</span> +<a name="page216b" id="page216b"> </a> + +<p>Ȝete, offer, give, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line556">A. 558</a>. +O.E. <i>yate</i> (<i>pret.</i> <i>yatte</i>). O.N<ins class="correction" title="text has , for .">. </ins><i>géta</i>.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“He <i>yatte</i> hir freli al hir bone (prayer).”</p> +<p class="author">(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 47<i>a</i>.)</p> +</div> + +<p class="continue"><i>Gate</i>, in T. B. 979, seems to mean a +request.</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>“And he hir graunted þat <i>gate</i> with a good wille.”</p> +</div> + +<p>Ȝete, yet, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line1060">A. 1061</a>.</p> + +<p>Ȝeȝed, spoke, <a href="poems.html#clean_line844">B. 846</a>. Prov. +Ger. <i>gaggen</i>, to stutter, gabble.</p> + +<p>Ȝif, if, <a href="poems.html#clean_line756">B. 758</a>.</p> + +<p>Ȝise, truly, yes, <a href="poems.html#patience_line116">C. +117</a>.</p> + +<p>Ȝisterday, yesterday, <a href="poems.html#clean_line460">B. +463</a>.</p> + +<p>Ȝokke, yoke, <a href="poems.html#clean_line64">B. 66</a>.</p> + +<p>Ȝolden, restored, <a href="poems.html#clean_line1708">B. +1708</a>.</p> + +<p>Ȝolpe, <i>vb.</i> boast, <a href="poems.html#clean_line844">B. +846</a>. A.S. <i>gilpan</i>.</p> + +<p>Ȝomerly, sorrowful, lamentable, <a href="poems.html#clean_line968">B. 971</a>. A.S. <i>geomor</i>, sad; +<i>geomorlíc</i>, doleful. Cf. <i>ȝomeryng</i>, T. B. 1722.</p> + +<p>Ȝon, yon, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line692">A. 693</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line772">B. 772</a>.</p> + +<p>Ȝonde, yonder, <a href="poems.html#clean_line720">B. 721</a>.</p> + +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +Ȝong,<br> +Ȝonge,</td> +<td><p>young, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line412">A. 412</a>, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line472">474</a>; <a href="poems.html#clean_line780">B. 783</a>.</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Ȝore, before, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line584">A. 586</a>. A.S. +<i>geara</i>.</p> + +<p>Ȝore-fader, forefather, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line320">A. +322</a>.</p> + +<p>Ȝore-whyle, ere-while, <a href="poems.html#clean_line840">B. +842</a>.</p> + +<p>Ȝornen (<i>3rd pers. pl. pret.</i>), ran, <a href="poems.html#clean_line880">B. 881</a>. A.S. <i>ge-yrnan</i>, to run.</p> + +<p>Ȝyrd, go, hasten, <a href="poems.html#pearl_line632">A. 635</a>. +The original meaning of <i>ȝyrd</i> is perhaps a sudden sting, blow, +hence to strike, then to start forward. Goth. <i>gazd</i>, a sting, +goad. Lat. <i>hasta</i>. O.E. <i>gird</i>, to strike.</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“<i>Gird</i> out the grete teth of the grym best.”</p> +<p class="author">(T. B. 177<ins class="correction" title="text has . after )">.)</ins></p> +</div> + + +</div> +<!-- end div glossary --> + + +<div class="endnote"> + +<p><a name="endnoteB" id="endnoteB" href="#endtagB">B.</a> +The word “comynes” appears at B. 1747, but the only number that fits the +blank space is 111. This entry is not in the 1864 edition; the editor +may have left a space, intending to come back and fill in the correct +line number.</p> + +<p class="illustration"> +<img src="images/page_136.png" width="280" height="21" +alt="page image"></p> + +</div> + +</div> +<!-- end div maintext --> + +</body> +</html> diff --git a/30282-h/images/bracket.gif b/30282-h/images/bracket.gif Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..4d69c68 --- /dev/null +++ b/30282-h/images/bracket.gif diff --git a/30282-h/images/bracket3.gif b/30282-h/images/bracket3.gif Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..9d3c0d0 --- /dev/null +++ b/30282-h/images/bracket3.gif diff --git a/30282-h/images/bracket4.gif b/30282-h/images/bracket4.gif Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..eb86ed7 --- /dev/null +++ b/30282-h/images/bracket4.gif diff --git a/30282-h/images/page_136.png b/30282-h/images/page_136.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..f627b6e --- /dev/null +++ b/30282-h/images/page_136.png diff --git a/30282-h/images/page_xl.png b/30282-h/images/page_xl.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..b69a0a4 --- /dev/null +++ b/30282-h/images/page_xl.png diff --git a/30282-h/images/titlepage.png b/30282-h/images/titlepage.png Binary files differnew file mode 100644 index 0000000..324a8c1 --- /dev/null +++ b/30282-h/images/titlepage.png diff --git a/30282-h/main.html b/30282-h/main.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..73d5c51 --- /dev/null +++ b/30282-h/main.html @@ -0,0 +1,4662 @@ +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> +<html> +<head> +<title>Early English Alliterative Poems: Preface</title> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> + +<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="allit_styles.css"> + +<style type="text/css"> + +div.footnote {margin: 2em; font-size: 92%; padding-top: 1em; +border-top: 1px solid #666;} + +a.pageref {font-size: 88%; color: #009; background-color: inherit;} + +hr.page {width: 40%; margin-top: 3em; margin-bottom: 3em;} + +div.sidenotes h3, div.sidenotes h4 {font-family: sans-serif;} +div.intro h5 {font-variant: small-caps; margin-top: 1em;} +div.sidenotes h5 {font-weight: bold; text-align: left; +margin-top: 1em; margin-left: 25%;} +div.intro h6 {font-variant: small-caps; margin-top: 1em;} + +p.continue {margin-top: .25em; text-indent: 1em;} +p.verse {margin: .5em 2em 0 6em; text-indent: -4em; font-size: 92%;} +p.gap {letter-spacing: 1em;} +p.quotation {margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 2em; font-size: 92%;} + +p.inset, div.inset {padding-left: 1em;} + + +/* poems */ + +div.verse {margin: .5em 2em 0; font-size: 92%;} +div.footnote div.verse {font-size: inherit;} +div.verse p {margin-top: 0; margin-left: 4em; text-indent: -4em; +line-height: 1.3;} +div.verse p.indent, div.verse div.indent p {margin-left: 5em;} + + +/* grouped sidenotes */ + +div.sidenotes {font-size: 92%;} +div.sidenotes p {margin-top: .25em; margin-left: 1em; +text-indent: -1em;} +div.sidenotes div.mynote p {margin-left: 0; text-indent: 0; +font-size: 105%;} +div.sidenotes div.inset p + p {margin-top: 0;} + + +table.inline {margin: .5em 0 0;} +table.inline td {padding: 0;} +table.inline td.footnote {padding-top: .5em; padding-left: 1em; +font-size: 88%; width: 40%;} + +table.inline p {margin-left: 2em; text-indent: -2em; +line-height: inherit; margin-top: 0;} +table.inline div.verse p {margin-left: 2em; text-indent: -2em;} + +table.paradigm {margin-top: .5em; margin-bottom: .5em;} +th {font-size: 88%; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; +text-align: center; padding: .25em 1em;} +table.paradigm td {padding: .1em 1em; line-height: 1.2em;} +table.paradigm tr.header td {padding-top: .5em; padding-bottom: .5em;} +table.paradigm td.class {padding-right: 0;} +table.paradigm p {margin-top: 0em; margin-left: 1em; text-indent: -1em; +line-height: normal;} + +td.center {text-align: center;} +td.middle {vertical-align: middle;} +td.right {text-align: right;} + +td.item {text-align: right; width: 3em; padding-right: .25em;} +td.footnote div.verse p {line-height: 1.1em;} + + +span.footnote {float: right; clear: right; width: 25%; +margin-left: 1em; font-size: 92%;} + +span.locked {white-space: nowrap;} + +span.firstword {font-variant: small-caps; font-style: normal;} + +.smaller {font-size: 88%;} +.smallest {font-size: 75%;} +span.larger {font-size: 112%;} + +span.smallroman {text-transform: lowercase; font-variant: small-caps; +font-style: normal;} + +span.pagenum {right: auto; left: 2%; text-align: left;} + +</style> + + +</head> + +<body> + +<div class="mynote"> + +<p><a name="start" id="start">This e-text</a> is based on the 1869 +(second) edition of the <i>Alliterative Poems</i>. A few apparent +misprints were checked against the 1864 edition, but the texts as a +whole were not closely compared.</p> + +<p>The text includes characters that will only display in UTF-8 +(Unicode) +text readers, primarily Ȝ ȝ (yogh). There are also a few Greek words in +the Index, and a handful of letters with overline or macron, such as ī. +If these characters do not display properly, or if the quotation marks +in this paragraph appear as garbage, you may have an incompatible +browser or unavailable fonts. First, make sure that your browser’s +“character set” or “file encoding” is set to Unicode (UTF-8). You may +also need to change the default font.</p> + +<hr class="small"> + +<p>All brackets are in the original.</p> + +<p>Typographical errors are shown with <ins class="correction" title="like this">mouse-hover popups</ins>. Quotation-mark +errors—especially orphaned open quotes—are <ins class="quotation" title="like this">similarly marked</ins>. In some cases it +may be possible to guess where the missing quotation mark belongs, but +it seemed safer to leave the text as printed. No quotation marks +disappeared between the 1864 and 1869 editions.</p> + +<p class="center"> +<a href="#contents">Full Contents</a><br> +<a href="#preface">Preface</a><br> +<a href="poems.html#pearl"><i>The Pearl</i></a> (<i>separate +file</i>)<br> +<a href="poems.html#cleanness"><i>Cleanness</i></a> (<i>separate +file</i>)<br> +<a href="poems.html#patience"><i>Patience</i></a> (<i>separate +file</i>)<br> +<a href="glossary.html">Glossarial Index</a> (<i>separate +file</i>)<br> +<a href="#sidenotes">Sidenotes</a><br> +<a href="#endnote">Details of Text and Layout</a></p> + +</div> + +<p class="illustration"> +<img src="images/titlepage.png" width="306" height="218" +alt="Early English Alliterative Poems in the West-Midland Dialect of the Fourteenth Century" +title="Early English Alliterative Poems in the West-Midland Dialect of the Fourteenth Century"> +</p> + +<h5>EDITED FROM<br> +THE UNIQUE MANUSCRIPT<br> +BRITISH MUSEUM MS. COTTON<br> +NERO A. x</h5> + +<h6>BY</h6> + +<h4>RICHARD MORRIS</h4> + +<p> <br> </p> + +<h5><i>Published for</i><br> +<span class="smaller">THE EARLY ENGLISH TEXT SOCIETY</span><br> +<i>by the</i><br> +<span class="larger">OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS</span><br> +<span class="smallest">LONDON NEW YORK +TORONTO</span></h5> + +<hr class="page"> + +<h6>FIRST PUBLISHED 1864<br> +SECOND EDITION 1869<br> +REPRINTED (1869 VERSION) 1965</h6> + +<p> <br> </p> + +<h5><b>Original Series</b>, No. 1</h5> + +<h6>ORIGINALLY PRINTED BY STEPHEN AUSTIN, HERTFORD<br> +AND NOW REPRINTED LITHOGRAPHICALLY IN GREAT BRITAIN<br> +AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS, OXFORD<br> +BY VIVIAN RIDLER, PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY</h6> + +<hr class="page"> + +<div class="contents"> + +<h4><a name="contents" id="contents"> +<b>Contents</b></a><br> +<span class="smaller">(added by transcriber)</span></h4> + +<p class="center"> +Items in <i>italics</i> do not have headings in the body text.</p> + +<table class="toc" summary="contents"> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> +<a href="#preface">Preface</a></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#pagev">v</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset" colspan="2"> +<a href="#pref_intro_pearl"><i>Introduction to <b>The +Pearl</b></i></a></td> +<td class="number">[xi]</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset" colspan="2"> +<a href="#pref_intro_clean"><i>Introduction to +<b>Cleanness</b></i></a></td> +<td class="number">[xiii]</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset" colspan="2"> +<a href="#pref_intro_patience"><i>Introduction to +<b>Patience</b></i></a></td> +<td class="number">[xviii]</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset" colspan="2"> +<a href="#pref_intro"><i>General Introduction</i></a></td> +<td class="number">[xix]</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset" colspan="2"> +<p><a href="#pref_dialect">Remarks Upon the Dialect and +Grammar</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#pagexxi">xxi</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset" colspan="2"> +<a href="#pref_grammar">Grammatical Details</a></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#pagexxviii">xxviii</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="item"><a href="#pref_gram_noun">I.</a></td> +<td>Nouns</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#pagexxxiii">xxxiii</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="item"><a href="#pref_gram_adj">II.</a></td> +<td>Adjectives</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#pagexxxiii">xxxiii</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="item"><a href="#pref_gram_pron">III.</a></td> +<td>Pronouns</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#pagexxx">xxx</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="item"><a href="#pref_gram_verb">IV.</a></td> +<td>Verbs</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#pagexxxiii">xxxiii</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="item"><a href="#pref_gram_adv">V.</a></td> +<td>Adverbs</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#pagexl">xl</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="item"><a href="#pref_gram_prep">VI.</a></td> +<td>Prepositions</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#pagexl">xl</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="item"><a href="#pref_gram_conj">VII.</a></td> +<td>Conjunctions</td> +<td class="number"><a href="#pagexl">xl</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> +<p><a href="#manuscript">Description of the Manuscript</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#pagexli">xli</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> +<p><a href="#contrac">Contractions Used in the Glossary</a></p></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#pagexliv">xliv</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="3"> +<hr class="mid"> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> +<a href="poems.html#pearl">The Pearl</a> (<i>separate file</i>)</td> +<td class="number"><a href="poems.html#page1">1</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset" colspan="2"> +<a href="poems.html#pearl_notes">Notes to <i>The Pearl</i></a></td> +<td class="number"><a href="poems.html#page105">105</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> +<a href="poems.html#cleanness">Cleanness</a> (<i>separate +file</i>)</td> +<td class="number"><a href="poems.html#page37">37</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset" colspan="2"> +<a href="poems.html#clean_notes">Notes to <i>Cleanness</i></a></td> +<td class="number">[108]</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> +<a href="poems.html#patience">Patience</a> (<i>separate file</i>)</td> +<td class="number"><a href="poems.html#page89">89</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset" colspan="2"> +<a href="poems.html#patience_notes">Notes to <i>Patience</i></a></td> +<td class="number">[115]</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="3"> +<hr class="mid"> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> +<a href="glossary.html">Glossarial Index</a> (<i>separate +file</i>)</td> +<td class="number"><a href="glossary.html#page117">117</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="3"> +<p><i><a href="#sidenotes">Collected Sidenotes</a> (section +added by transcriber)</i></p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +</div> + +<div class="maintext"> + +<div class="intro"> + +<span class="pagenum">v</span> +<a name="pagev" id="pagev"> </a> + +<h3><a name="preface" id="preface">PREFACE.</a></h3> + +<p class="mynote"> +All page references in Arabic numerals refer to the main text, located +in a separate file. Parenthetical Roman numerals <i>do not</i> +correspond to the editor’s section headings, but the text summary is +generally similar to the appropriate headnote.</p> + +<hr class="micro"> + +<p><span class="firstword">The</span> following poems are taken from a +well known manuscript in the Cottonian collection, marked Nero +A. x, which also contains, in the same handwriting and dialect, +a metrical romance,<a class="tag" name="tag1" id="tag1" href="#note1">1</a> wherein the adventures of Sir Gawayne with the “Knight +in Green,” are most ably and interestingly described.</p> + +<p>Unfortunately nothing can be affirmed with any certainty concerning +the authorship of these most valuable and interesting compositions. The +editor of “Syr Gawayn and the Green Knight” considers that Huchowne, +a supposed<a class="tag" name="tag2" id="tag2" href="#note2">2</a> Scotch <i>maker</i> of the fourteenth century, has the +best claims to be recognised as the author, inasmuch as he is specially +referred to by Wyntown as the writer of the <i>Gret gest of Arthure</i> +and the <i>Awntyre of Gawayne</i>.</p> + +<p>I do not think that any certain conclusions are to be drawn from the +Scotch historian’s assertion. It is well known that more versifiers than +one during the fourteenth century attempted romance composition in the +English language, having for their theme the knightly deeds of Arthur or +Sir Gawayne. These they compiled from French originals, from which they +selected the most striking incidents and those best suited to an +Englishman’s taste for the marvellous. We are not surprised, +<span class="pagenum">vi</span> +<a name="pagevi" id="pagevi"> </a> +then, at finding so many romance poems treating of the exploits of the +same hero, and laying claim to be considered as original productions. In +Scotland, Huchowne’s works might no doubt have been regarded as the +standard romances of the period, but that they were the only English +<i>gests</i> is indeed very doubtful.</p> + +<p>The Early English alliterative romance, entitled the <i>Morte +Arthure</i>, published from a manuscript in Lincoln Cathedral by Mr. +Halliwell,<a class="tag" name="tag3" id="tag3" href="#note3">3</a> is considered by Sir F. Madden to be the veritable +<i>gest of Arthure</i> composed by Huchowne. An examination of this +romance does not lead me to the same conclusion, unless Huchowne was a +Midland man, for the poem is not written in the old Scotch dialect,<a +class="tag" name="tag4" id="tag4" href="#note4">4</a> but seems +to have been originally composed in one of the Northumbrian dialects +spoken <i>South</i> of the Tweed.<a class="tag" name="tag5" id="tag5" href="#note5">5</a></p> + +<p>The manuscript from which Mr. Halliwell has taken his text is not the +original copy, nor even a literal transcript of it. It exhibits certain +orthographical and grammatical peculiarities unknown to the Northumbrian +dialect which have been introduced by a Midland transcriber, who has +here and there taken +<span class="pagenum">vii</span> +<a name="pagevii" id="pagevii"> </a> +the liberty to adapt the original text to the dialect of his own +locality, probably that one of the North Midland counties, where many of +the Northumbrian forms of speech would be intelligible.<a class="tag" +name="tag6" id="tag6" href="#note6">6</a></p> + +<p>A comparison of the Arthurian romance with the following poems throws +no light whatever upon the authorship of the poems. The dialect of the +two works is altogether different, although many of the terms employed +are common to both, being well known over the whole of the North of +England. The grammatical forms (the best test we can have) in the poems +are quite distinct from those in the <i>Morte Arthure</i>, and of course +go far to prove that they do not proceed from the pen of the same +writer.</p> + +<p>The Editor of “Syr Gawayn and the Green Knight” acknowledges that the +poems in the present volume, as now preserved to us in the manuscript, +are not in the Scottish dialect, but he says “there is sufficient +internal evidence of their being <i>Northern</i>,<a class="tag" name="tag7" id="tag7" href="#note7">7</a> although the manuscript +containing them appears to have been written by a scribe of the Midland +counties, which will account for the introduction of forms differing +from those used by writers beyond the Tweed.”</p> + +<p>Now, with regard to this subsequent transcription of the poems from +the Scotch into a Midland dialect,—it cannot be +<span class="pagenum">viii</span> +<a name="pageviii" id="pageviii"> </a> +said to be improbable, for we have abundant instances of the +multiplication of copies by scribes of different localities, so that we +are not surprised at finding the works of some of our popular Early +English writers appearing in two or three forms; but, on the other hand, +a comparison of the original copy with the <i>adapted +transcriptions</i>, or even the reading of a transcribed copy, always +shows how the author’s productions have suffered by the change. Poetical +works, especially those with final rhymes, of course undergo the +greatest amount of transformation and depreciation. The changes incident +upon the kind of transcription referred to are truly surprising, and +most perplexing to those who make the subject of Early English +<i>dialects</i> a matter of investigation.</p> + +<p>But, in the present poems, the uniformity and consistency of the +grammatical forms is so entire, that there is indeed no internal +evidence of subsequent transcription into any other dialect than that in +which they were originally written. However, the dialect and grammatical +peculiarities will be considered hereafter.</p> + +<p>Again, in the course of transcription into another dialect, any +literary merit that the author’s copy may have originally possessed +would certainly be destroyed. But the poems before us are evidently the +work of a man of birth and education; the productions of a true poet, +and of one who had acquired a perfect mastery over that form of the +English tongue spoken in his own immediate locality during the earlier +part of the fourteenth century. Leaving out of consideration their great +philological worth, they possess an intrinsic value of their own as +literary compositions, very different from anything to be found in the +works of Robert of Gloucester, Manning, and many other Early English +authors, which are very important as philological records, but in the +light of poetical productions, cannot be said to hold a very +distinguished place in English literature. The poems in the present +volume contain many +<span class="pagenum">ix</span> +<a name="pageix" id="pageix"> </a> +passages which, as Sir F. Madden truly remarks, will bear comparison +with any similar ones in the works of Douglas or Spenser.</p> + +<p>I conclude, therefore, that these poems were not transcribed from the +Scotch dialect into any other, but were written in their own +West-Midland speech in which we now have them.</p> + +<p>Mr. Donaldson, who is now editing for the Early English Text Society +the Troy Book, translated from Guido di Colonna, puts forward a plea for +Huchowne as its author, to whom he would also assign the <i>Morte +Arthure</i> (ed. Perry) and the Pistel of Sweet Susan.<a class="tag" +name="tag8" id="tag8" href="#note8">8</a> But Mr. Donaldson seems +to have been misled by the similarity of vocabulary, which is not at all +a safe criterion in judging of works written in a Northumbrian, West or +East Midland speech. The dialect, I venture to think, is a far safer +test. A careful examination of the Troy Book compels me to differ in +toto from Mr. Donaldson, and, instead of assigning the Troy Book to a +Scotchman, say that it cannot even be claimed, in its present form, by +any Northumbrian south of the Tweed; moreover, it presents no appearance +of having been tampered with by one unacquainted with the dialect, +though it has perhaps been slightly modernised in the course of +transcription.</p> + +<p>The work is evidently a genuine West-Midland production,<a class="tag" name="tag9" id="tag9" href="#note9">9</a> having most of the +peculiarities of vocabulary and inflexions that are found in these +<i>Alliterative Poems</i>.<a class="tag" name="tag10" id="tag10" +href="#note10">10</a> I feel greatly inclined to claim this English +Troy Book as the production of the author of the <i>Alliterative +Poems</i>; for, leaving out identical and by no means common +expressions, we find the same power of +<span class="pagenum">x</span> +<a name="pagex" id="pagex"> </a> +description,<a class="tag" name="tag11" id="tag11" href="#note11">11</a> and the same tendency to inculcate moral and religious +truths on all occasions where an opportunity presents itself.<a class="tag" name="tag12" id="tag12" href="#note12">12</a> Without +dwelling upon this topic, which properly falls to the Editor of the Troy +Book, it may not be out of place to ask the reader to compare the +following description of a storm from the Troy Book, with that selected +from the present volume on pp. 14 and 18.</p> + +<table> +<tr><td> +<h6>A TEMPEST ON ÞE SEE.</h6> + +<div class="verse"> +<div class="indent"> +<p>There a tempest <i>hom</i> toke on þe torres hegh:—</p> +<p>A <i>rak</i> and a royde wynde rose in <i>hor</i> saile,</p> +<p>A myst & a <i>merkenes</i> was mervell to se;</p> +<p>With a <i>routond</i> rayn ruthe to be-holde,</p> +<p>Thonr<i>et</i><a class="tag" name="tag13" id="tag13" href="#note13">13</a> full <i>throly</i> with a thicke haile;</p> +<p>With a leuenyng light as a <i>low</i> fyre,</p> +<p>Blas<i>et</i> all the brode see as it bren wold.</p> +<p>The flode with a felle cours flow<i>et</i> on hepis,</p> +<p>Rose uppon rockes as any <i>ranke</i> hylles.</p> +<p>So wode were the waghes & þe wilde <i>ythes</i>,</p> +<p>All was like to be lost þat no lond hade</p> +<p>The ship ay shot furth o þe <i>shire waghes</i>,</p> +<p>As qwo clymbe at a clyffe, or a clent<a class="tag" name="tag14" +id="tag14" href="#note14">14</a> hille.</p> +<p>Eft <i>dump</i> in the depe as all drowne wolde.</p> +<p>Was no <i>stightlyng</i> with stere ne no stithe ropes,</p> +<p>Ne no sayle, þat might serue for <i>unsound</i> wedur.</p> +</div> +<p>But all the buernes in the bote, as <i>hom</i> best liked, +<p>Besoght unto sainttes & to sere goddes; (p. 65) +</div> +</td></tr> +</table> + +<table> +<tr><td> +<h6>A STORME ON THE SE.</h6> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>All the company enclin<i>et</i> cair<i>yn</i> to ship;</p> +<p>Cach<i>yn</i> in cables, knyt up <i>hor</i> ancres,</p> +<p>Sesit vp <i>hor</i> sailes in a sad hast;</p> +<p><i>Richet</i> þere rapes, rapit unto see.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">xi</span> +<a name="pagexi" id="pagexi"> </a> + +<p>Hokit out of hauyn, all the hepe somyn,</p> +<p><i>Hade bir at hor bake</i>, blawen to þe depe;</p> +<p>Sail<i>yn</i> forthe <i>soberly</i>, somyn but a while,</p> +<p>Noght fyftene forlong fairly to the end.</p> +<p class="gap"> ...........</p> +<p>When sodenly the softe aire <i>unsoberly</i> rose;</p> +<p>The cloudis overcast, <i>claterrit</i> aboute;</p> +<p>Wyndes full wodely <i>walt</i> up the ythes;</p> +<p>Wex <i>merke</i> as the mydnighte mystes full thicke:</p> +<p>Thunret in the <i>thestur throly</i> with all;</p> +<p>With a <i>launchant laite</i> lightonyd the water;</p> +<p>And a <i>ropand</i> rayne <i>raiked</i> fro the heuyn.</p> +<p>The storme was full stithe with mony stout windes,</p> +<p>Hit <i>walt</i> up the wilde se vppon wan hilles.</p> +<p>The ffolke was so ferd, that <i>on flete</i> were,</p> +<p>All drede for to drowne with dryft of the se;</p> +<p>And in perell were put all the proude kynges.<br> +—(p. 150.)</p> +</div> +</td></tr> +</table> + +<p>The poems in the present volume, three in number, seem to have been +written for the purpose of enforcing, by line upon line and precept upon +precept, Resignation to the will of God; Purity of life as manifested in +thought, word, and deed; Obedience to the Divine command; and Patience +under affliction.</p> + +<p>In <a name="pref_intro_pearl" id="pref_intro_pearl">the first +poem</a>, entitled by me “<i>The Pearl</i>”, the author evidently gives +expression to his own sorrow for the loss of his infant child, +a girl of two years old, whom he describes as a</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>Perle plesaunte to prynces paye</p> +<p><i>Pearl pleasant to princes’ pleasure,</i></p> +<p>To clanly clos in golde so clere</p> +<p><i>Most neatly set in gold so clear.</i></p> +</div> + +<p>Of her death he says:</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>Allas! I leste hyr in on erbere</p> +<p><i>Alas! I lost her in an arbour,</i></p> +<p>Þurȝ gresse to grounde hit fro me yot</p> +<p><i>Through grass to ground it from me got.</i> —(<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page1">p. 1</a>.)</p> +</div> + +<p>The writer then represents himself as visiting his child’s grave (or +arbour) in the “high season of August,” and giving way to his grief (<a +class="pageref" href="poems.html#page2">p. 2</a>). He falls +asleep, and in a dream is carried +<span class="pagenum">xii</span> +<a name="pagexii" id="pagexii"> </a> +toward a forest, where he saw rich rocks gleaming gloriously, hill sides +decked with crystal cliffs, and trees the leaves of which were as +burnished silver. The gravel under his feet was “precious pearls of +orient,” and birds “of flaming hues” flew about in company, whose notes +were far sweeter than those of the cytole or gittern (guitar) (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page3">p. 3</a>). The dreamer +arrives at the bank of a stream, which flows over stones (shining like +stars in the welkin on a winter’s night) and pebbles of emeralds, +sapphires, or other precious gems, so</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>Þat all the loȝe lemed of lyȝt</p> +<p><i>That all the deep gleamed of light,</i></p> +<p>So dere watȝ hit adubbement</p> +<p><i>So dear was its adornment.</i> —(<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page4">p. 4</a>.)</p> +</div> + +<p>Following the course of the stream, he perceives on the opposite side +a crystal cliff, from which was reflected many a “royal ray” (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page5">p. 5</a>).</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>At þe fote þer-of þer sete a faunt</p> +<p><i>At the foot thereof there sat a child,</i></p> +<p>A mayden of menske, ful debonere</p> +<p><i>A maiden of honour, full debonnair;</i></p> +<p>Blysnande whyt watȝ hyr bleaunt</p> +<p><i>Glistening white was her robe,</i></p> +<p>(I knew hyr wel, I hade sen hyr ere)</p> +<p><i>(I knew her well, I had seen her before)</i></p> +<p>At glysnande golde þat man con schore</p> +<p><i>As shining gold that man did purify,</i></p> +<p>So schon þat schene an-vnder schore</p> +<p><i>So shone that sheen (bright one) on the opposite shore;</i></p> +<p>On lenghe I loked to hyr þere</p> +<p><i>Long I looked to her there,</i></p> +<p>Þe lenger I knew hyr more & more</p> +<p><i>The longer I knew her, more and more.</i> —(<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page6">pp. 6, 7</a>.)</p> +</div> + +<p>The maiden rises, and, proceeding along the bank of the stream, +approaches him. He tells her that he has done nothing but mourn for the +loss of his Pearl, and has been indeed a “joyless jeweller” (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page8">p. 8</a>). However, now that he +has found his Pearl, +<span class="pagenum">xiii</span> +<a name="pagexiii" id="pagexiii"> </a> +he declares that he is no longer sorrowful, but would be a “joyful +jeweller” <!-- medieval for “happy camper”? --> were he allowed to cross +the stream (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page8">p. 8</a>). The maiden blames her father for his +rash speech, tells him that his Pearl is not lost, and that he cannot +pass the stream till after death (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page10">p. 10</a>). The dreamer is in great grief; he +does not, he says, care what may happen if he is again to lose his +Pearl. The maiden advises him to bear his loss patiently, and to abide +God’s doom (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page11">p. 11</a>). She describes to him her blissful +state in heaven, where she reigns as a queen (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page12">p. 12</a>). She explains to him that Mary is +the Empress of Heaven, and all others kings and queens (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page13">p. 13</a>). The parable of the +labourers in the vineyard<a class="tag" name="tag15" id="tag15" +href="#note15">15</a> (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page15">pp. 15-18</a>) is then rehearsed at length, to prove +that “innocents” are admitted to the same privileges as are enjoyed by +those who have lived longer upon the earth (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page18">p. 18</a>). The maiden then speaks to her +father of Christ and his one hundred and forty thousand brides (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page24">p. 24</a>), and describes +their blissful state (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page26">p. 26</a>)<ins class="correction" title="text has , for .">. </ins>She points out to him the heavenly Jerusalem, +which was “all of bright burnished gold, gleaming like glass” (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page29">p. 29</a>). Then the dreamer +beholds a procession of virgins going to salute the Lamb, among whom he +perceives his “little queen” (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page33">p. 33</a>). On attempting to cross the stream +to follow her, he is aroused from his dream (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page35">p. 35</a>), laments his rash curiosity in +seeking to know so much of God’s mysteries, and declares that man ever +desires more happiness than he has any right to expect (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page35">p. 35</a>).</p> + +<p>The <a name="pref_intro_clean" id="pref_intro_clean">second +poem</a>, entitled “<i>Cleanness</i>,” is a collection of Biblical +stories, in which the writer endeavours to enforce Purity of Life, by +showing how greatly God is displeased at every kind of impurity, and how +sudden and severe is the punishment which falls upon the sinner for +every violation of the Divine law.</p> + +<p>After commending cleanness and its “fair forms,” the author relates +(I.) The Parable of the Marriage Feast (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page39">p. 39</a>); +<span class="pagenum">xiv</span> +<a name="pagexiv" id="pagexiv"> </a> +(II.) the Fall of the Angels (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page43">p. 43</a>); (III.) The wickedness of the +antediluvian world (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page44">p. 44</a>),</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>He watȝ famed for fre þat feȝt loued best</p> +<p><i>He was famous as free that fight loved best,</i></p> +<p>& ay þe bigest in bale þe best watȝ halden</p> +<p><i>And ever the biggest in sin the best was held;</i> (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page45">p. 45</a>.)</p> +</div> + +<p>(IV.) The destruction of mankind by the Flood. When all were safely +stowed in the ark,</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>Thenne sone com þe seuenþe day, when samned wern alle</p> +<p><i>Then soon came the seventh day when assembled were all,</i></p> +<p>& alle woned in þe whichche þe wylde & þe tame.</p> +<p><i>And all abode in the ark (hutch), the wild and the tame.</i></p> +<p>Þen bolned þe abyme & bonkeȝ con ryse</p> +<p><i>Then swelled the abyss and banks did rise,</i></p> +<p>Waltes out vch walle-heued, in ful wode stremeȝ</p> +<p><i>Bursts out each well-head in full wild streams,</i></p> +<p>Watȝ no brymme þat abod vnbrosten bylyue</p> +<p><i>There was no brim (stream) that abode unburst by then,</i></p> +<p>Þe mukel lauande loghe to þe lyfte rered</p> +<p><i>The much (great) flowing deep (loch) to the loft (sky) +reared.</i></p> +<p>Mony clustered clowde clef alle in clowteȝ</p> +<p><i>Many a clustering cloud cleft all in clouts (pieces),</i></p> +<p>To-rent vch a rayn-ryfte & rusched to þe vrþe</p> +<p><i>Rent was each a rain-rift and rushed to the earth;</i></p> +<p>Fon neuer in forty dayeȝ, & þen þe flod ryses</p> +<p><i>Failed never in forty days, and then the flood rises,</i></p> +<p>Ouer-walteȝ vche a wod and þe wyde feldeȝ</p> +<p><i>Over-flows each wood and the wide fields;</i></p> +<p class="gap">..............</p> +<p>Water wylger ay wax, woneȝ þat stryede</p> +<p><i>Water wildly ever waxed, abodes that destroyed,</i></p> +<p>Hurled in-to vch hous, hent þat þer dowelled</p> +<p><i>Hurled into each house, seized those that there dwelt.</i></p> +<p>Fyrst feng to þe flyȝt alle þat fle myȝt</p> +<p><i>First took to flight all that flee might,</i></p> +<p>Vuche burde with her barne þe byggyng þay leueȝ</p> +<p><i>Each bride (woman) with her bairn their abode they leave,</i></p> +<p>& bowed to þe hyȝ bonk þer brentest hit wern</p> +<p><i>And hied to the high bank where highest it were,</i></p> + +<span class="pagenum">xv</span> +<a name="pagexv" id="pagexv"> </a> + +<p>& heterly to þe hyȝe hilleȝ þay [h]aled on faste</p> +<p><i>And hastily to the high hills they rushed on fast;</i></p> +<p>Bot al watȝ nedleȝ her note, for neuer cowþe stynt</p> +<p><i>But all was needless their device, for never could stop</i></p> +<p>Þe roȝe raynande ryg [&] þe raykande waweȝ</p> +<p><i>The rough raining shower and the rushing waves,</i></p> +<p>Er vch boþom watȝ brurd-ful to þe bonkeȝ eggeȝ</p> +<p><i>Ere each bottom (valley) was brim-ful to the banks’ edges,</i></p> +<p>& vche a dale so depe þat demmed at þe brynkeȝ</p> +<p><i>And each dale so deep that dammed at the brinks.</i> —(<a +class="pageref" href="poems.html#page47">pp. 47, 48</a>).</p> +</div> + +<p>The ark is described as “heaved on high with hurling streams.”</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>Kest to kyþeȝ vncouþe þe clowdeȝ ful nere</p> +<p><i>Cast to kingdoms uncouth the clouds ful near,</i></p> +<p>Hit waltered on the wylde flod, went as hit lyste</p> +<p><i>It tossed on the wild flood, went as it list,</i></p> +<p>Drof vpon þe depe dam, in daunger hit semed</p> +<p><i>It drove upon the deep dam, in danger it seemed,</i></p> +<p>With-outen mast, oþer myke, oþer myry bawe-lyne</p> +<span class="footnote"> +<i>mike</i>] See Glossary.</span> +<p><i>Without mast, or <span class="texttag">mike</span>, or merry +bow-line,</i></p> +<p>Kable, oþer capstan to clyppe to her ankreȝ</p> +<p><i>Cable or capstan to clip to their anchors,</i></p> +<p>Hurrok, oþer hande-helme hasped on roþer</p> +<p><i>Oar or hand-helm hooked on rudder,</i></p> +<p>Oþer any sweande sayl to seche after hauen</p> +<p><i>Or any swinging sail to seek after haven,</i></p> +<p>Bot flote forthe with þe flyt of þe felle wyndeȝ</p> +<p><i>But floated forth with the force of the fell winds.</i></p> +<p>Wheder-warde so þe water wafte, hit rebounde</p> +<p><i>Whither-ward so (as) the water waft, it rebounded,</i></p> +<p>Ofte hit roled on-rounde & rered on ende</p> +<p><i>Oft it rolled around and reared on end,</i></p> +<p>Nyf our lorde hade ben her lodeȝ-mon hem had lumpen harde</p> +<p><i>Had our Lord not been their (pilot) leader hardship had befallen +them.</i> —(<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page49">p. 49</a>.)</p> +</div> + +<p>(V.) The Visit of Three Angels to Abraham (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page54">p. 54</a>).</p> + +<p>(VI.) The destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah (<a class="pageref" +href="poems.html#page64">pp. 64, 65</a>), including a description of +the Dead Sea, the tarn (lake) of traitors (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page66">p. 66</a>).</p> + +<span class="pagenum">xvi</span> +<a name="pagexvi" id="pagexvi"> </a> + +<p>(VII.) The invasion of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page71">p. 71</a>), and the captivity +of Judah (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page74">p. 74</a>).</p> + +<p>The following is a paraphrase of the fourth and fifth verses in the +twenty-fifth chapter of the second book of Kings.<a class="tag" name="tag17" id="tag17" href="#note17">17</a></p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>Þenne þe kyng of þe kyth a counsayl hym takes</p> +<p><i>Then the king of the kingdom a counsel him takes,</i></p> +<p>Wyth þe best of his burnes, a blench for to make</p> +<p><i>With the best of his men a device for to make;</i></p> +<p>Þay stel out on a stylle nyȝt er any steuen rysed</p> +<p><i>They stole out on a still night ere any sound arose,</i></p> +<p>& harde hurles þurȝ þe oste, er enmies hit wyste</p> +<p><i>And hard hurled through the host, ere enemies it wist,</i></p> +<p>Bot er þay at-wappe ne moȝt þe wach wyth oute</p> +<p><i>But ere they could escape the watch without,</i></p> +<p>Hiȝe skelt watȝ þe askry þe skewes an-vnder</p> +<p><i>High scattered was the cry, the skies there under,</i></p> +<p>Loude alarom vpon launde lulted was þenne</p> +<p><i>Loud alarm upon land sounded was then;</i></p> +<p>Ryche, ruþed of her rest, ran to here wedes,</p> +<p><i>Rich (men) roused from their rest, ran to their weeds,</i></p> +<p>Hard hattes þay hent & on hors lepes</p> +<p><i>Kettle hats they seized, and on horse leap;</i></p> +<p>Cler claryoun crak cryed on-lofte</p> +<p><i>Clear clarion’s crack cried aloft.</i></p> +<p>By þat watȝ alle on a hepe hurlande swyþee</p> +<p><i>By that (time) was all on a heap, hurling fast,</i></p> +<p>Folȝande þat oþer flote, & fonde hem bilyue</p> +<p><i>Following that other fleet (host), and found them soon,</i></p> +<span class="footnote"> +<i>as tyd</i>] Immediately.</span> +<p>Ouer-tok hem, <span class="texttag">as tyd</span>, tult hem of +sadeles</p> +<p><i>Over-took them in a trice, tilted them off saddles,</i></p> +<p>Tyl vche prynce hade his per put to þe grounde</p> +<p><i>Till each prince had his peer put to the ground;</i></p> +<p>& þer watȝ þe kyng kaȝt wyth calde prynces</p> +<p><i>And there was the king caught with crafty princes,</i></p> + +<span class="pagenum">xvii</span> +<a name="pagexvii" id="pagexvii"> </a> + +<p>& alle hise gentyle for-iusted on Ierico playnes</p> +<p><i>And all his nobles vanquished on Jericho’s plains.</i> —(<a +class="pageref" href="poems.html#page71">pp. 71, 72</a>.)</p> +</div> + +<p>(VIII.) Belshazzar’s impious feast (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page76">pp. 76-80</a>), and the handwriting upon the wall +(<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page80">pp. +80, 81</a>).</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>In þe palays pryncipale vpon þe playn wowe</p> +<p><i>In the palace principal upon the plain wall,</i></p> +<p>In contrary of þe candelstik þat clerest hit schyned</p> +<p><i>Opposite to the candlestick that clearest there shone.</i></p> +<p>Þer apered a paume, with poyntel in fyngres</p> +<p><i>There appeared a palm with a pointel in its fingers,</i></p> +<p>Þat watȝ grysly & gret, & grymly he wrytes</p> +<p><i>That was grisly and great, and grimly it writes,</i></p> +<p>None oþer forme bot a fust faylaynde þe wryst</p> +<p><i>None other form but a fist failing the wrist</i></p> +<p>Pared on þe parget, purtrayed lettres</p> +<p><i>Pared on the plaister, pourtrayed letters.</i></p> +<p>When þat bolde Baltaȝar blusched to þat neue</p> +<p><i>When that bold Belshazzar looked to that fist,</i></p> +<p>Such a dasande drede dusched to his hert</p> +<p><i>Such a dazzling dread dashed to his heart.</i></p> +<p>Þat al falewed his face & fayled þe chere</p> +<p><i>That all paled his face and failed the cheer;</i></p> +<p>Þe stronge strok of þe stonde strayned his ioyntes</p> +<p><i>The strong stroke of the blow strained his joints,</i></p> +<p>His cnes cachcheȝ to close & cluchches his hommes</p> +<p><i>His knees catch to close, and he clutches his hams,</i></p> +<span class="footnote"> +<i>lers</i>] ? feres.</span> +<p>& he with plat-tyng his paumes displayes his <span class="texttag">lers</span></p> +<p><i>And he with striking his palms displays his fears,</i></p> +<p>& romyes as a rad ryth þat roreȝ for drede</p> +<p><i>And howls as a frightened hound that roars for dread,</i></p> +<p>Ay biholdand þe honde til hit hade al grauen,</p> +<p><i>Ever beholding the hand till it had all graven,</i></p> +<p>& rasped on þe roȝ woȝe runisch saueȝ</p> +<p><i>And rasped on the rough wall uncouth saws (words).</i></p> +</div> + +<p>(IX.) The story of Nebuchadnezzar’s pride and its punishment (<a +class="pageref" href="poems.html#page84">pp. 84, 85</a>), and +the interpretation of the handwriting by Daniel (<a class="pageref" +href="poems.html#page86"><ins class="correction" title="text has , for .">p. </ins>86</a>).</p> + +<span class="pagenum">xviii</span> +<a name="pagexviii" id="pagexviii"> </a> + +<p>(X.) The invasion of Babylon by the Medes (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page87">pp. 87, 88</a>).</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>Baltaȝar in his bed watȝ beten to deþe</p> +<p><i>Belshazzar in his bed was beaten to death,</i></p> +<p>Þat boþe his blood & his brayn blende on þe cloþes</p> +<p><i>That both his blood and his brains blended on the clothes;</i></p> +<p>Þe kyng in his cortyn watȝ kaȝt by þe heles</p> +<p><i>The king in his curtain was caught by the heels,</i></p> +<p>Feryed out bi þe fete & fowle dispysed</p> +<p><i>Ferried out by the feet and foully despised;</i></p> +<p>Þat watȝ so doȝty þat day & drank of þe vessayl</p> +<p><i>He that was so doughty that day and drank of the vessels,</i></p> +<p>Now is a dogge also dere þat in a dych lygges</p> +<p><i>Now is as dear (valuable) as a dog that in a ditch lies.</i> +—(<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page88">p. 88</a>.)</p> +</div> + +<p>The <a name="pref_intro_patience" id="pref_intro_patience">third +poem</a>, entitled “<i>Patience</i>,” is a paraphrase of the book of +Jonah. The writer prefaces it with a few remarks of his own in order to +show that “patience is a noble point though it displease oft.”</p> + +<p>The following extract contains a description of the sea-storm which +overtook Jonah:—</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>Anon out of þe norþ est þe noys bigynes</p> +<p><i>Anon out of the north east the noise begins,</i></p> +<span class="footnote"> +<i>boþe breþes</i>]<br> +Eurus and Aquilo.</span> +<p>When <span class="texttag">boþe breþes</span> con blowe vpon blo +watteres</p> +<p><i>When both breezes did blow upon blue waters:</i></p> +<p>Roȝ rakkes þer ros with rudnyng an-vnder</p> +<p><i>Rough clouds there arose with lightning there under,</i></p> +<p>Þe see souȝed ful sore, gret selly to here</p> +<p><i>The sea sobbed full sore, great marvel to hear;</i></p> +<p>Þe wyndes on þe wonne water so wrastel togeder,</p> +<p><i>The winds on the wan water so wrestle together,</i></p> +<p>Þat þe wawes ful wode waltered so hiȝe</p> +<p><i>That the waves full wild rolled so high,</i></p> +<p>& efte busched to þe abyme þat breed fyssches</p> +<p><i>And again bent to the abyss that bred fishes;</i></p> +<p>Durst nowhere for roȝ arest at þe bothem.</p> +<p><i>Durst it nowhere for roughness rest at the bottom.</i></p> +<p>When þe breth & þe brok & þe bote metten</p> +<p><i>When the breeze and the brook and the boat met,</i></p> + +<span class="pagenum">xix</span> +<a name="pagexix" id="pagexix"> </a> + +<p>Hit watȝ a ioyles gyn þat Ionas watȝ inne</p> +<p><i>It was a joyless engine that Jonah was in,</i></p> +<p>For hit reled on round vpon þe roȝe yþes</p> +<p><i>For it reeled around upon the rough waves.</i></p> +<p>Þe bur ber to hit baft þat braste alle her gere</p> +<p><i>The bore (wave) bear to it abaft that burst all her gear,</i></p> +<p>Þen hurled on a hepe þe helme & þe sterne</p> +<p><i>Then hurled on a heap the helm and the stern,</i></p> +<span class="footnote"> +<i>to murte, marred</i>]<br> +? = to-marte.</span> +<p>Furste <span class="texttag">to murte</span> mony rop & þe mast +after</p> +<p><i>First <span class="texttag">marred</span><ins class="correction" title="duplicate footnote tag misprinted ‘2’ for ‘1’">* +</ins>many a rope and the mast after.</i></p> +<p>Þe sayl sweyed on þe see, þenne suppe bihoued</p> +<p><i>The sail swung on the sea, then sup behoved</i></p> +<p>Þe coge of þe colde water, & þenne þe cry ryses</p> +<p><i>The boat of the cold water, and then the cry rises;</i></p> +<p>Ȝet coruen þay þe cordes & kest al þer-oute</p> +<p><i>Yet cut they the cords and cast all there-out.</i></p> +<p>Mony ladde þer forth-lep to laue & to kest</p> +<p><i>Many a lad there forth leapt to lave and to cast,</i></p> +<p>Scopen out þe scaþel water, þat fayn scape wolde</p> +<p><i>To scoop out the scathful water that fain escape would;</i></p> +<p>For be monnes lode neuer so luþer, þe lyf is ay swete</p> +<p><i>For be man’s lot never so bad, the life is aye sweet.</i> +—(<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page93">p. 93</a>.)</p> +</div> + +<p>The writer, in concluding the story of Jonah, exhorts his readers to +be “patient in pain and in joy.”</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>For he þat is to rakel to renden his cloþeȝ,</p> +<p>Mot efte sitte with more vn-sounde to sewe hem togeder.</p> +<p><i>For he that is too rash to rend his clothes,</i></p> +<p><i>Must afterwards sit with more unsound (worse ones) to sew them +together.</i> (<a class="pageref" href="poems.html#page104">p. 104</a>.)</p> +</div> + +<p>This <a name="pref_intro" id="pref_intro">brief outline</a> of +the poems, together with the short extracts from them, will, it is +hoped, give the reader stomach to digest the whole. It is true that they +contain many “uncouth” terms; but this will be their highest merit with +the student of language, as is shown, by Dr. Guest’s testimony, that +they are “for several reasons curious, and especially so to the +philologist.”<a class="tag" name="tag22" id="tag22" href="#note22">22</a> To those readers who do not appreciate the importance +<span class="pagenum">xx</span> +<a name="pagexx" id="pagexx"> </a> +of such a very large addition to the vocabulary of our Early Language as +is made by these treatises, let Sir Frederic Madden’s opinion of their +literary merit suffice. That distinguished editor says, of the author’s +“poetical talent, the pieces contained in the MS. afford unquestionable +proofs; and the description of the change of the seasons, the bitter +aspect of winter, the tempest which preceded the destruction of Sodom +and Gomorrah, and the sea storm occasioned by the wickedness of Jonas, +<i>are equal to any similar passages</i> in Douglas or Spenser.”<a class="tag" name="tag23" id="tag23" href="#note23">23</a> Moreover, as +to the hardness of the language—inasmuch as the subject matter of +the poem will be familiar to all who may take up the present volume, the +difficulty on the word-point will not be such as to deter the reader +from understanding and appreciating the production of an old English +poet, who—though his very name, unfortunately, has yet to be +discovered—may claim to stand in the foremost rank of England’s +early bards.</p> + +<p>The Editor of the present volume has endeavoured to do justice to his +author by giving the text, with some few exceptions, as it stands in the +manuscript.<a class="tag" name="tag24" id="tag24" href="#note24">24</a> The contractions of the scribe have been expanded and +printed in italics, a plan which he hopes to see adopted in every +future edition of an early English author.</p> + +<p>The <a href="glossary.html">Glossary</a> has been compiled not only +for the benefit of the reader, but for the convenience of those who are +studying the older forms of our language, and who know how valuable a +mere index of words and references sometimes proves.</p> + +<p>In conclusion, I take the present opportunity of acknowledging the +kind assistance of Sir Frederic Madden and E. A. Bond, Esq., of the +British Museum, who, on every occasion, were most ready to render me any +help in deciphering the manuscript, in parts almost illegible, from +which the poems in the present volume are printed.</p> + + +<span class="pagenum">xxi</span> +<a name="pagexxi" id="pagexxi"> </a> + +<h4><a name="pref_dialect" id="pref_dialect"> +REMARKS UPON THE DIALECT AND GRAMMAR.</a></h4> + +<p>Higden, writing about the year <span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> +1350, affirms, distinctly, the existence of three different forms of +speech or dialects, namely, Southern, Midland, and Northern;<a class="tag" name="tag25" id="tag25" href="#note25">25</a> or, as they +are sometimes designated, West-Saxon, Mercian, and Northumbrian. Garnett +objects to Higden’s classification, and considers it certain “that there +were in his (Higden’s) time, and probably long before, five distinctly +marked forms, which may be classed as follows:— 1. Southern +or standard English, which in the fourteenth century was perhaps best +spoken in Kent and Surrey by the body of the inhabitants. +2. Western English, of which traces may be found from Hampshire to +Devonshire, and northward as far as the Avon. 3. Mercian, vestiges +of which appear in Shropshire, Staffordshire, and South and West +Derbyshire, becoming distinctly marked in Cheshire, and still more so in +South Lancashire. 4. Anglian, of which there are three +sub-divisions—the East Anglian of Norfolk and Suffolk; the Middle +Anglian of Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire and East Derbyshire; and the +North Anglian of the West Riding of Yorkshire—spoken most purely +in the central part of the mountainous district of Craven. +5. Northumbrian,” spoken throughout the Lowlands of Scotland, +Northumberland, Durham, and nearly the whole of Yorkshire.</p> + +<p>Garnett’s division is based upon peculiarities of pronunciation, +which will be found well marked in the <i>modern</i> provincial +dialects, and not upon any essential differences of inflexion that are +to be found in our Early English manuscripts.<a class="tag" name="tag26" id="tag26" href="#note26">26</a></p> + +<p>The distinction between Southern and Western English was not at all +required, as the Kentish Ayenbite of Inwyt (<span class="smallroman">A.D.</span> +<span class="pagenum">xxii</span> +<a name="pagexxii" id="pagexxii"> </a> +1340) exhibits most of the peculiarities that mark the Chronicles of +Robert of Gloucester (Cottonian MS. Calig. A. xi.) as a Southern +(or West-Saxon) production. The Anglian of Norfolk, Lincolnshire, and +Nottinghamshire may be referred to one group with the Mercian of +Lancashire, as varieties of the Midland dialect.</p> + +<p>A careful examination of our early literature leads us to adopt +Higden’s classification as not only a convenient but a correct one.</p> + +<p>There is, perhaps, no better test for distinguishing these dialects +from one another than the verbal inflexions of the plural number in the +present tense, indicative mood.</p> + +<p>To state this test in the briefest manner, we may say that the +Southern dialect employs <i>-eth</i>, the Midland <i>-en</i>, and the +Northumbrian <i>-es</i> as the inflexion for all persons of the plural +present <span class="locked">indicative:<a class="tag" name="tag27" id="tag27" href="#note27">27</a>—</span></p> + +<table class="paradigm" summary="paradigm"> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th>Southern.</th> +<th>Midland.</th> +<th>Northern.</th> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>1st pers.</td> +<td>Hop-<i>eth</i>.</td> +<td>Hop-<i>en</i>.</td> +<td>Hop-<i>es</i>. (we) hope.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>2nd „</td> +<td>Hop-<i>eth</i>.</td> +<td>Hop-<i>en</i>.</td> +<td>Hop-<i>es</i>. (ye) hope.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>3rd „</td> +<td>Hop-<i>eth</i>.</td> +<td>Hop-<i>en</i>.</td> +<td>Hop-<i>es</i>. (they) hope.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>It is the constant and systematic employment of these inflexions, and +not their occasional use that must be taken as the criterion of +dialectical varieties.</p> + +<p>In a pure specimen of the Southern dialect, we never find the +Northumbrian <i>-es</i>. We do occasionally meet with the Midland +<i>-en</i>, but only in those works written in localities where, from +their geographical position, Southern and Midland forms would be +intelligible.<a class="tag" name="tag28" id="tag28" href="#note28">28</a> We might look in vain for the Southern plural +<i>-eth</i> in a pure Northumbrian production, but might be more +successful in finding the Midland <i>-en</i> in the third person plural; +as, “thay <i>arn</i>” for “they <i>ar</i>”, or “thay <i>er</i>.”</p> + +<span class="pagenum">xxiii</span> +<a name="pagexxiii" id="pagexxiii"> </a> + +<p>In a work composed in Lincolnshire, Nottinghamshire, or Lancashire, +we should be sure to find the occasional use of the Northumbrian plural +<i>-es</i>.<a class="tag" name="tag29" id="tag29" href="#note29">29</a></p> + +<p>The inflexions of the verb in the singular are of value in enabling +us to discriminate between the several varieties of the Midland +dialect.<a class="tag" name="tag30" id="tag30" href="#note30">30</a> The Southern and Midland idioms (with the exception of +the West-Midland of Lancashire, Cheshire, etc.) conjugated the verb in +the singular present indicative, as <span class="locked">follows:—</span></p> + +<table class="paradigm" summary="paradigm"> +<tr> +<td>1st pers.</td> +<td>hope</td> +<td>(I) hope.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>2nd „</td> +<td>hop-<i>est</i></td> +<td>(thou) hopest.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>3rd „</td> +<td>hop-<i>eth</i></td> +<td>(he) hopes.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>The West-Midland, corresponding to Garnett’s Mercian, instead of +<i>-est</i> and <i>-eth</i> employs the inflexions that are so common in +the so-called Northumbrian documents of the ninth and tenth <span class="locked">centuries:—</span></p> + +<table class="paradigm" summary="paradigm"> +<tr> +<td>1st pers.</td> +<td>hope</td> +<td>(I) hope.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>2nd „</td> +<td>hop-<i>es</i></td> +<td>(thou) hopest.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>3rd „</td> +<td>hop-<i>es</i></td> +<td>(he) hopes.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>The Northumbrian dialect takes <i>-es</i> in all three persons; but +mostly drops it in the first person.</p> + +<p>The peasantry of Cheshire and Lancashire still preserve the verbal +inflexions which prevailed in the fourteenth century, and conjugate +their verbs in the present indicative according to the following <span +class="locked">model:—</span></p> + +<table class="paradigm" summary="paradigm"> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th>Singular.</th> +<th>Plural.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>1st pers.</td> +<td>hope</td> +<td>hopen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>2nd „</td> +<td>hopes</td> +<td>hopen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>3rd „</td> +<td>hopes</td> +<td>hopen.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Inasmuch as the poems in the present volume exhibit the +<span class="pagenum">xxiv</span> +<a name="pagexxiv" id="pagexxiv"> </a> +systematic use of these forms, we cannot but believe that they were +originally composed in one of those counties where these verbal +inflexions were well known and extensively used. We have to choose +between several localities, but if we assign the poems to Lancashire we +are enabled to account for the large number of Norse terms employed. It +is true that the ancient examples of the Lancashire dialect contained in +Mr. Robson’s Metrical Romances,<a class="tag" name="tag31" id="tag31" href="#note31">31</a> the Boke of Curtasye,<a class="tag" +name="tag32" id="tag32" href="#note32">32</a> and Liber Cure +Cocorum,<a class="tag" name="tag33" id="tag33" href="#note33">33</a> present us with much broader forms, as <i>-us</i> for +<i>-es</i> in the plural number and possessive case of nouns, <i>-un</i> +for <i>-en</i> in the plural present indicative mood, in passive +participles of irregular (or strong) verbs, <i>-ud</i> (<i>-ut</i>) for +<i>-ed</i> in the past tense and passive participle of regular (or weak) +verbs, and the pronominal forms <i>hor</i> (their), <i>hom</i> (them), +for <i>her</i> and <i>hem</i>.<a class="tag" name="tag34" id="tag34" href="#note34">34</a></p> + +<p>These forms are evidence of a broad pronunciation which, at the +present time, is said to be a characteristic of the northwestern +division of Lancashire, but I think that there is good evidence for +asserting that this strong provincialism was not confined, formerly, to +the West-Midland dialect, much less to a division of any particular +county. We find traces of it in Audelay’s Poems (Shropshire), the +Romance of William and the Werwolf,<a class="tag" name="tag35" id="tag35" href="#note35">35</a> and even in the Wickliffite version of +the Scriptures.</p> + +<p>Formerly, being influenced by these broad forms, I was led to select +Cheshire or Staffordshire as the probable locality where the poems were +written; but I do not, now, think that either of these counties ever +employed a vocabulary containing so many Norse terms as are to be found +in the Lancashire dialect. But although we may not be able to fix, with +certainty, +<span class="pagenum">xxv</span> +<a name="pagexxv" id="pagexxv"> </a> +upon any one county in particular, the fact of the present poems being +composed in the West-Midland dialect cannot be denied. Much may be said +in favour of their Lancashire origin, and there are one or two points of +resemblance between our poems, the Lancashire Romances, and Liber Cure +Cocorum, that deserve especial notice.</p> + +<p>I. In Sir Amadace,<a class="tag" name="tag36" id="tag36" href="#note36">36</a> lxviii. 9, there occurs the curious form <i>miȝtus</i> += <i>miȝtes</i> = <i>mightst</i>.<a class="tag" name="tag37" id="tag37" href="#note37">37</a> As it appears only once throughout the +Romances we might conclude that it is an error of the scribe for +<i>miȝtest</i>, but when we find in the poems before us not only +<i>myȝteȝ</i> = <i>myȝtes</i> (mightst), but <i>woldeȝ</i> = +<i>woldes</i> (wouldst), <i>coutheȝ</i> = <i>couthes</i> (couldst), +<i>dippteȝ</i> (dippedest), <i>travayledeȝ</i> (travelledst), etc., we +are bound to consider <i>miȝtus</i> as a genuine form.<a class="tag" +name="tag38" id="tag38" href="#note38">38</a> In no other Early +English works of the fourteenth century have I been able to find this +peculiarity. It is very common in <i>the Wohunge of Ure Lauerd</i> +(xiiith cent.). See O.E. Homilies, p. 51. The Northumbrian dialect +at this period rejected the inflexion in the second person preterite +singular, of regular verbs,<a class="tag" name="tag39" id="tag39" +href="#note39">39</a> and in our poems we find the <i>-es</i> often +dropped, +<span class="pagenum">xxvi</span> +<a name="pagexxvi" id="pagexxvi"> </a> +so that we get two conjugations, which may be called the inflected and +the uninflected form.</p> + +<table class="paradigm" summary="paradigm"> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th>Inflected.</th> +<th>Uninflected.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>1st pers.</td> +<td>hopede</td> +<td>hoped</td> +<td>(I) hoped.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>2nd „</td> +<td>hoped<i>es</i></td> +<td>hoped</td> +<td>(thou) hopedest.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>3rd „</td> +<td>hopede</td> +<td>hoped</td> +<td>(he) hoped.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Originally the inflected form may have prevailed over the whole of +the North of England, but have gradually become confined to the +West-Midland dialect.</p> + +<p>II. The next point of resemblance is the use of the verb <span class="smallroman">SCHIN</span> or <span class="smallroman">SCHUN</span> = +schal = shall. It is still preserved in the modern dialect of Lancashire +in combination with the adverb <i>not</i>, as schunnot<a class="tag" +name="tag40" id="tag40" href="#note40">40</a> = shall not. The +following examples will serve to illustrate the use of this curious +<span class="locked">form:—</span></p> + +<table class="inline" summary="two columns of text"> +<tr> +<td> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“—— þay <i>schin</i> knawe sone,</p> +<p>Þere is no bounté in burne lyk Baltaȝar þewes.”<a class="tag" name="tag41" id="tag41" href="#note41">41</a><br> +—(B. l. 1435.)</p> +</div> + +<p class="verse"> +“& þose þat seme arn & swete <i>schyn</i> se his face.”<a class="tag" name="tag42" id="tag42" href="#note42">42</a><br> +—(<i>Ibid.</i> l. 1810.)</p> + +<p class="verse"> +“Pekokys and pertrikys perboylyd <i>schyn</i> be.”<a class="tag" name="tag43" id="tag43" href="#note43">43</a><br> +—(Liber Cure Cocorum, p. 29.)</p> + +<p class="verse"> +<ins class="quotation" title="text has double ““">“For</ins> þer +bene bestes þat <i>schyn</i> be rost.”<a class="tag" name="tag44" id="tag44" href="#note44">44</a><br> +—(<i>Ibid.</i> p. 34.)</p> + +<p class="verse"> +“Alle <i>schun</i> be draȝun, Syr, at þo syde.”<a class="tag" name="tag45" id="tag45" href="#note45">45</a><br> +—(<i>Ibid.</i> p.& 35.)</p> + +<p class="verse"> +“Seche ferlies <i>schyn</i> falle.”<a class="tag" name="tag46" id="tag46" href="#note46">46</a><br> +—(Robson’s Met. Rom. p. 12, l. 4.)</p> +</td> +<td class="footnote"> +<p><a name="note41" id="note41" href="#tag41">41.</a> +They <i>shall</i> know soon there is no goodness in man like +Belshazzar’s virtues.</p> + +<p><a name="note42" id="note42" href="#tag42">42.</a> +And those that seemly are and sweet <i>shall</i> see His (God’s) +face.</p> + +<p><a name="note43" id="note43" href="#tag43">43.</a> +Peacocks and partriches parboiled <i>shall</i> be.</p> + +<p><a name="note44" id="note44" href="#tag44">44.</a> +For þer are beasts þat <i>shall</i> be roasted.</p> + +<p><a name="note45" id="note45" href="#tag45">45.</a> +All <i>shall</i> be drawn (have the entrails removed), Sir, at the +side.</p> + +<p><a name="note46" id="note46" href="#tag46">46.</a> +Such marvels <i>shall</i> happen.</p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>III. Nothing is more common in the present poems than the use of +<i>hit</i> as a genitive = its, which is also found in the Lancashire +romances.</p> + +<table class="inline" summary="two columns of text"> +<tr> +<td> +<span class="pagenum">xxvii</span> +<a name="pagexxvii" id="pagexxvii"> </a> +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Forþy þe derk dede see hit is demed ever more,</p> +<p>For <i>hit</i> dedeȝ of deþe duren þere ȝet.”<a class="tag" name="tag47" id="tag47" href="#note47">47</a><br> +—(Patience, l. 1021.)</p> +</div> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>“And, as hit is corsed of kynde & <i>hit</i> coosteȝ als,</p> +<p>Þe clay þat clenges þer-by arn corsyes strong.”<a class="tag" name="tag48" id="tag48" href="#note48">48</a><br> +—(<i>Ibid.</i> l. 1033.)</p> +</div> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>“For I wille speke with the sprete,</p> +<p>And of <i>hit</i> woe wille I wete,</p> +<p>Gif that I may <i>hit</i> bales bete.”<a class="tag" name="tag49" +id="tag49" href="#note49">49</a><br> +—(Robson’s Met. Romances, p. 5, ll. 3, 4.)</p> +</div> +</td> +<td class="footnote"> + +<div class="verse"> +<p><a name="note47" id="note47" href="#tag47">47.</a> +Wherefore the dark dead sea it is called ever more.</p> +<p>For <i>its</i> deeds of death endure there yet.</p> +</div> + +<div class="verse"> +<p><a name="note48" id="note48" href="#tag48">48.</a> +And as it is cursed of kind and <i>its</i> properties also,</p> +<p>The clay that clings thereby are corrosives strong.</p> +</div> + +<div class="verse"> +<p><a name="note49" id="note49" href="#tag49">49.</a> +I will speak with the spirit,</p> +<p>And of <i>its</i> woe will I wit (know),</p> +<p>If that I may <i>its</i> bales (grief) abate.</p> +</div> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>The present dialect of Lancashire still retains the uninflected +genitive:—</p> + +<p class="quotation"> +“So I geet up be strike o’ dey, on seet eawt; on went ogreath tilly +welly coom within two mile oth’ teawn; when, os tha dule woud height, o +tit wur stonning ot an ale heawse dur; on me kawve (the dule bore eawt +<i>it</i> een for me) took th’ tit for <i>it</i> mother, on woud +seawk her.”<a class="tag" name="tag50" id="tag50" href="#note50">50</a> (Tummus and Meary).</p> + +<p>Thus much for the dialectical peculiarities of our author. The scanty +material at our disposal must be a sufficient excuse for the very meagre +outline which is here presented to the reader. As our materials +increase, the whole question of Early English dialects will no doubt +receive that attention from English philologists which the subject +really demands, and editors of old English works will then be enabled to +speak with greater confidence as to the language and peculiarities of +their authors. Something might surely be done to help the student by a +proper classification of our manuscripts both as to date and place of +composition. We are sadly in want of unadulterated +<span class="pagenum">xxviii</span> +<a name="pagexxviii" id="pagexxviii"> </a> +specimens of the Northumbrian and East-Midland idioms during the twelfth +and thirteenth centuries. There must surely be some records of these +dialects in our university libraries which would well repay editing.<a +class="tag" name="tag51" id="tag51" href="#note51">51</a></p> + + +<h4><a name="pref_grammar" id="pref_grammar"> +GRAMMATICAL DETAILS.</a></h4> + +<h5><a name="pref_gram_noun" id="pref_gram_noun">I.</a> +Nouns.</h5> + +<p>(1) <i>Number.</i>—The plurals generally end in <i>-es</i> +(<i>eȝ</i>), <i>-s</i>. <i>Yȝen</i> (eyes), <i>trumpen</i> (trumpets), +are the only plurals in <i>-en</i> that occur in the poems. In Robson’s +Metrical Romances we find <i>fellun</i> (fells, hills,), <i>dellun</i> +(dells), and <i>eyren</i> (eggs), in Liber Cure Cocorum. The plurals of +<i>brother</i>, <i>child</i>, <i>cow</i>, <i>doȝter</i> (daughter), are +<i>brether</i>, <i>childer</i>, <i>kuy</i>, and <i>deȝter</i>.</p> + +<p>(2) <i>Gender.</i>—The names of inanimate things are in the +neuter gender, as in modern English. The exceptions are <i>deep</i> +(fem.), <i>gladnes</i> (fem.), and <i>wind</i> (masc.).</p> + +<p>(3) <i>Case.</i>—The genitive singular (masc. and fem.) ends in +<i>-es</i> (<i>-eȝ</i>), <i>-s</i>, but occasionally the inflexion is +dropped; as, “Baltaȝar thewes,” the virtues of Balshazzar.<a class="tag" name="tag52" id="tag52" href="#note52">52</a> If +“<i>honde</i> myȝt,” “<i>honde</i> werk,” “<i>hellen</i> wombe,” are not +compounds, we have instances of the final <i>-e</i> (<i>en</i>) which +formed the genitive case of <i>feminine</i> nouns in the Southern +English of the fourteenth century.</p> + +<p>In the phrases “<i>besten</i> blod” (blood of beasts), +“<i>blonkken</i> bak” (back of horses), “<i>chyldryn</i> fader” (father +of children), “<i>nakeryn</i> noyse” (noise of nakers), we have a trace +of the genitive plural <i>-ene</i> (A.S. <i>-ena</i>).</p> + +<h5><a name="pref_gram_adj" id="pref_gram_adj">II.</a> +Adjectives.</h5> + +<p>(1) <i>Number.</i>—The final <i>e</i>, as a sign of the plural, +is very frequently dropped. <i>Pover</i> (poor), <i>sturn</i> (strong), +make the +<span class="pagenum">xxix</span> +<a name="pagexxix" id="pagexxix"> </a> +plurals <i>poveren</i> and <i>sturnen</i>. In the phrase, “þo syȝteȝ so +<i>quykeȝ</i>”<a class="tag" name="tag53" id="tag53" href="#note53">53</a> (those sights so living), the <i>-eȝ</i> (= <i>-es</i>) +is a mark of the plural, very common in Southern writers of the +fourteenth century, and employed as a plural inflexion of the adjective +until a very late period in our literature.</p> + +<p>The Article exhibits the following forms:</p> + +<table class="paradigm" summary="paradigm"> +<tr class="smaller"> +<th colspan="2">SINGULAR.</th> +<th>PLURAL.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<th>Masc.</th> +<th>Fem.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>The.</td> +<td>tho.<a class="tag" name="tag54" id="tag54" href="#note54">54</a></td> +<td>tho.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p><i>This</i> forms the plural <i>thise</i> and <i>thes</i> +(<i>these</i>). <i>That</i> is always used as a demonstrative, and never +as the neuter of the article; its plural is <i>thos</i> (those).<a class="tag" name="tag55" id="tag55" href="#note55">55</a> The older +form, <i>theos</i> = <i>these</i>, shows that the <i>e</i> is not a sign +of the plural, as many English grammarians have asserted.</p> + +<p>(2) <i>Degrees of Comparison.</i>—The comparative degree ends +in <i>-er</i>, and the superlative in <i>-est</i>.</p> + +<p>Adjectives and adverbs terminating in the syllable <i>-lyche</i> form +the comparative in <i>-loker</i> and the superlative in <i>-lokest</i>; +as, positive <i>uglyche</i> (= ugly), comp. <i>ugloker</i>, superl. +<i>uglokest</i>. The long vowel of the positive is often shortened in +the comp. and superl., as in the modern English <i>late</i>, +<i>latter</i>, <i>last</i>.</p> + +<table class="paradigm" summary="paradigm"> +<tr> +<th>Positive.</th> +<th>Comparative.</th> +<th>Superlative.</th> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Brade (broad),</td> +<td>bradder,</td> +<td>braddest.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Dere (dear),</td> +<td>derrer,</td> +<td>derrest.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Lyke (like),</td> +<td>lykker,</td> +<td>lykkest.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Swete (sweet),</td> +<td>swetter,</td> +<td>swettest.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Wayke (weak),</td> +<td>wakker,</td> +<td>wakkest.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Wode (mad),</td> +<td>wodder,</td> +<td>woddest.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>The following irregular forms are occasionally met with:</p> + +<table class="paradigm" summary="paradigm"> +<tr> +<th>Positive.</th> +<th>Comparative.</th> +<th>Superlative.</th> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Fer (far),</td> +<td>ferre (fyrre),</td> +<td>ferrest.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Heȝe (high),</td> +<td>herre,</td> +<td>heȝest (hest).</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<span class="pagenum">xxx</span> +<a name="pagexxx" id="pagexxx"> </a> +Neȝe (nigh, near)</td> +<td>nerre,</td> +<td>nerrest (nest).</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Sare (sore),</td> +<td>sarre,</td> +<td>sarrest.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Forme (first),</td> +<td></td> +<td>formast.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Mikelle (great),</td> +<td>mo</td> +<td>most.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Yvel, ill (bad),</td> +<td>wers (worre),</td> +<td>werst.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Numerals.</i>—<i>Twinne</i> and <i>thrinne</i> occur for two +and three. The ordinal numbers <span class="locked">are—</span></p> + +<table class="paradigm" summary="paradigm"> +<tr> +<td colspan="2">first (fyrste), the forme,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2">secunde, that other, tother,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="bracket" style="width: 3em"> +thryd,<br> +thrydde,</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2">furþe,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2">fyfþe,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2">sexte,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2">sevenþe,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2">aȝtþe,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2">nente,</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="bracket"> +tenþe,<br> +tyþe.</td> +<td> </td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>The Northumbrian numerals corresponding to <i>sevenþe</i>, +<i>aȝtþe</i>, <i>nente</i>, <i>tenþe</i>, are <i>sevend</i>, +<i>aghtend</i>, <i>neghend</i>, <i>tend</i>. The Southern forms end in +<i>-the</i>, as <i>sevenþe</i>, <i>eiȝteoþe</i>, <i>nyþe</i>, +<i>teoþe</i> (<i>tyþe</i>).</p> + +<h5><a name="pref_gram_pron" id="pref_gram_pron">III.</a> +Pronouns.</h5> + +<p>In the following poems we find the pronoun <i>ho</i>, she, still +keeping its ground against the Northumbrian <i>scho</i>.<a class="tag" +name="tag56" id="tag56" href="#note56">56</a> <i>Ho</i> is +identical with the modern Lancashire <i>hoo</i> (or <i>huh</i> as it is +sometimes written), which in some parts of England has nearly the same +pronunciation as the accusative <i>her</i>.</p> + +<p>The Northumbrian <i>thay</i> (they) has displaced the older Midland +<i>he</i>, corresponding to the Southern pronoun <i>hii</i>, <i>hi</i> +(A.S. <ins class="correction" title=") missing"><i>hí</i>)</ins>. +<i>Hores</i> and <i>thayreȝ</i> (theirs) occasionally occur for +<i>here</i>.<a class="tag" name="tag57" id="tag57" href="#note57">57</a> The genitives in <i>-es</i>, due no doubt to +Scandinavian influence, are very common in Northumbrian writers of the +fourteenth century, but are never found in any Southern work of the same +period.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">xxxi</span> +<a name="pagexxxi" id="pagexxxi"> </a> + +<p><i>Hit</i> is frequently employed as an indefinite pronoun of all +genders, and is plural as well as singular. It is, as has been +previously shown, uninflected in the genitive or possessive case.</p> + +<p><i>Me</i> in Southern writers is used as an indefinite pronoun of the +<i>third</i> person, and represents our <i>one</i>, but in the present +poems it is of all persons, and seems to be placed in apposition with +the subject of the sentence corresponding to our use of myself, thyself, +himself, etc.; as,</p> + +<p class="quotation center"> +“<i>He</i> swenges <i>me</i> þys,” etc. = He himself sends this, etc.<a +class="tag" name="tag58" id="tag58" href="#note58">58</a></p> + +<p class="quotation center"> +“Now sweȝe <i>me</i> þider swyftly” = Now go (thou) thyself thither +swiftly.<a class="tag" name="tag59" id="tag59" href="#note59">59</a></p> +<p class="quotation center"> +“<i>He</i> meteȝ <i>me</i> þis good man” = He himself meets this good +man.<a class="tag" name="tag60" id="tag60" href="#note60">60</a></p> + +<p>Sturzen-Becker (“Some Notes on the leading Grammatical +Characteristics of the Principal Early English Dialects, Copenhagen, +1868”) thinks that I have been led astray with regard to this use of +<i>me</i>, which he says is nothing more than the <i>dativus +ethicus</i>.</p> + +<p>The <i>me</i> in these examples may be merely an expletive, having +arisen out of the general use of the dative ethicus, but the context +does not satisfy me that it has the force of a dative. Dr. Guest +(Proceedings of Philolog. Soc., vol. i. p. 151-153, 1842-1844) has +discussed this construction at some length, and he carefully +distinguishes the dative of the 1st person from the indeterminate (or +indefinite) pronoun <i>me</i> = Fr. one. He says that in Old Frisian the +indefinite pronoun has two forms, <i>min</i> and <i>me</i>, “the latter +of which seems to be always used as a suffix to the verb, as +<i>momme</i>, one may; <i>somme</i>, one should,” etc. <ins class="quotation" title="text has open quote">The</ins> same construction +was occasionally used in our own language, and it no doubt gave rise to +those curious idioms which are noticed by Pegge in his “Anecdotes of the +Eng. Lang.,” p. 217. This writer, whose evidence to a <i>fact</i> +we may avail ourselves of, whatever we think of his criticism or his +scholarship, quotes the following as forms of speech then prevalent +among the +<span class="pagenum">xxxii</span> +<a name="pagexxxii" id="pagexxxii"> </a> +Londoners: “and so says <i>me</i> I;” “well what does <i>me</i> I;” “so +says <i>me</i> she;” “then away goes <i>me</i> he;” “what does <i>me</i> +they?” Here it is obvious that <i>me</i> is the indeterminate pronoun, +and represents the <i>subject</i>, while the personal pronoun is put in +apposition to it, so that “says <i>me</i> I” is equivalent to “<i>one +says, that is I</i>,”<a class="tag" name="tag61" id="tag61" href="#note61">61</a>. These idioms are not unknown to our literature.</p> + +<p class="quotation"> +(1) ‘But as he was by diverse principall young gentlemen, to his no +small glorie, lifted up on horseback, <i>comes me a page</i> of +Amphialus, etc.’ Pembr. Arcad. B. iii.</p> + +<p>Other idioms, which have generally been confounded with those last +mentioned, have the indeterminate pronoun preceded by a nominative +absolute.</p> + +<p class="quotation"> +(2) ‘<i>I</i>, having been acquainted with the smell before, knew it was +Crab, and—<i>goes me</i> to the fellow, who whips the dogs,’ etc. +Two Gent. of Verona, 4. 4.</p> + +<p class="quotation"> +(3) ‘<i>He thrusts me</i> himself into the company of three or four +gentlemanlike dogs under the Duke’s Table.’ <i>Ib.</i> See B. Jons. +Ev. Man in his Humour, 3, 1.</p> + +<p>Johnson considers the <i>me</i> in examples 2 and 3 to be the oblique +case of the first pers. pron., and treats it as “a ludicrous expletive.” +It is difficult to say how he would have parsed example 2 on such a +hypothesis.</p> + +<p>With these instances of the use of <i>me</i> (indef. or reflexive), +the reader may compare the following:</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>(1) “Suche a touche in that tyde, <i>he</i> taȝte (Gauan) hym in +tene</p> +<p>And <i>gurdes me</i>, Sir Gallerun, evyn grovelonges on grounde.”<br> +(The Anturs of Arther at the Tarnewathelan, p. 22.)</p> +</div> + +<p class="verse"> +(2) There at the dore he (the Fox) cast <i>me</i> downe hys pack.<br> +Spenser’s Shep. Cal. ed. Morris, p. 460, l. 243.</p> + +<p>Cp. <i>Cut me</i>, i. Hen. IV. Act 4. Sc. 4; <i>steps me</i>, Ib. +Act 4, Sc. 3; <i>comes me, runs me</i><ins class="correction" title="text has . for ,">, </ins>Ib. Act 3, +Sc. 1.</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>(3) “Juno enraged, and fretting thus,</p> +<p><i>Runs me</i> unto one Æolus.”<br> +(Virgile Travestie, 1664.)</p> +</div> + +<span class="pagenum">xxxiii</span> +<a name="pagexxxiii" id="pagexxxiii"> </a> + +<p>The indefinite <i>me</i> = one is not uncommon in Elizabethan +writers. Cf. “<i>touch me</i> his hat;” “<i>touch me</i> hir with a pint +of sack,” etc.; “and <i>stop me</i> his dice you are a villaine” +(Lodge’s Wit’s Miserie).</p> + +<p>The following table exhibits the declension of the personal and +relative <span class="locked">pronouns:—</span></p> + +<table class="paradigm" summary="paradigm"> +<tr> +<th class="smaller" colspan="7">SINGULAR.</th> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td>Nom.</td> +<td>I,</td> +<td colspan="2">thou,</td> +<td><ins class="correction" title=", missing">he,</ins></td> +<td>ho,</td> +<td>hit.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Gen.</td> +<td>My, myn,</td> +<td colspan="2">thy, thyn,</td> +<td>his,</td> +<td>hir, her,</td> +<td>hit.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Dat.</td> +<td>Me,</td> +<td colspan="2">the,</td> +<td>him,</td> +<td>hir, her,</td> +<td>hit.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Acc.</td> +<td>Me,</td> +<td colspan="2">the,</td> +<td>him,</td> +<td>hir, her,</td> +<td>hit.</td> +</tr> + +<tr class="header"> +<th class="smaller" colspan="7">PLURAL.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Nom.</td> +<td colspan="2">We,</td> +<td>ȝe,</td> +<td colspan="2">thay,</td> +<td>hit.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Gen.</td> +<td colspan="2">Oure,</td> +<td>yor, youre,</td> +<td colspan="2">her (here), hor,</td> +<td>hit.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Dat.</td> +<td colspan="2">Vus (= uus),</td> +<td>yow, you,</td> +<td colspan="2">hem, hom,</td> +<td>hit.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Acc.</td> +<td colspan="2">Vus (= uus),</td> +<td>yow, you,</td> +<td colspan="2">hem, hom,</td> +<td>hit.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td colspan="7"> </td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Nom.</td> +<td colspan="3">Who (quo).</td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Gen.</td> +<td colspan="3">Whose (quos).</td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="middle">Dat.</td> +<td class="bracket" colspan="2"> +Whom,<br> +Wham</td> +<td class="middle">(quom).</td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="middle">Acc.</td> +<td class="bracket" colspan="2"> +Whom,<br> +Wham</td> +<td class="middle">(quom).</td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +<td></td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<h5><a name="pref_gram_verb" id="pref_gram_verb">IV.</a> +Verbs.</h5> + +<p><i>Infinitive Mood.</i>—The <i>-en</i> of the infinitive is +frequently dropped, without even a final <i>-e</i> to mark its omission. +Infinitives in <i>-y</i>, as <i>louy</i> (love), <i>schony</i> (shun), +<i>spotty</i> (spot, defile), <i>styry</i> (stir), <i>wony</i> (dwell), +occasionally occur, and probably owe their appearance to the author’s +acquaintance with Southern literature.<a class="tag" name="tag62" id="tag62" href="#note62">62</a></p> + +<p><i>Indicative Mood.</i>—The final <i>e</i> often disappears in +the first and third persons of the preterite tense, as I <i>loved</i>, +he <i>loved</i>, instead of I <i>lovede</i>, he <i>lovede</i>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">xxxiv</span> +<a name="pagexxxiv" id="pagexxxiv"> </a> + +<p>The <i>-en</i> in the plural of the present and preterite tenses is +frequently dropped. The pl. present in <i>-eȝ</i> occasionally +occurs.</p> + +<p><i>Imperative Mood.</i>—The imperative plural ends in +<i>-es</i> (<i>eȝ</i>), and not in <i>-eth</i> as in the Southern and +ordinary Midland dialects.</p> + +<p><i>Participles.</i>—The active or imperfect participle ends in +<i>-ande</i><a class="tag" name="tag63" id="tag63" href="#note63">63</a> and never in <i>-ing</i>.</p> + +<p>The participle passive or perfect of regular verbs terminates in +<i>-ed</i>; of irregular verbs in <i>-en</i>. Occasionally we find the +<i>n</i> disappearing, as <i>bigonn-e</i>, <i>fund-e</i>, <i>runn-e</i>, +<i>wonn-e</i>, where perhaps it is represented by the final +<i>-e</i>.</p> + +<p>The prefix <i>-i</i> or <i>-y</i> (A.S. <i>-ge</i>) occurs twice only +in the poems, in <i>i-chose</i> (chosen), and <i>i-brad</i> (extended); +but, while common enough in the Southern and Midland dialects, it seems +to be wholly unknown to the Northumbrian speech.</p> + +<p>The verb in the West-Midland dialect is conjugated according to the +following <span class="locked">model:—</span></p> + +<h5>I.—Conjugation of Regular Verbs.</h5> + +<table class="paradigm" summary="paradigm"> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> +<h6>INDICATIVE MOOD.</h6> +<p class="center smallest"> +PRESENT TENSE.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th>Singular.</th> +<th>Plural.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(I) hope,</td> +<td>(We) hopen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(Thou) hopes,</td> +<td>(Ȝe) hopen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(He) hopes,</td> +<td>(Thay) hopen.</td> +</tr> +<tr class="header"> +<td class="center smallest" colspan="2"> +PRETERITE TENSE<ins class="correction" title=". missing">. </ins></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(I) hopede<a class="tag" name="tag64" id="tag64" href="#note64">64</a> (hoped),</td> +<td>(We) hopeden<ins class="correction" title="text has , for .">. </ins></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(Thou) hopedes (hoped),</td> +<td>(Ȝe) hopeden.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(He) hopede<a class="tag" href="#note64">64</a> (hoped),</td> +<td>(Thay) hopeden.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> +<h6>IMPERATIVE MOOD.</h6> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Hope (thou).</td> +<td>Hopes (ȝe).</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> +<span class="pagenum">xxxv</span> +<a name="pagexxxv" id="pagexxxv"> </a> +<h6>PARTICIPLES.</h6> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th>Imperfect or Active.</th> +<th>Perfect or Passive.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="center">Hopande.</td> +<td class="center">Hoped.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<h5>II.—Conjugation of Irregular Verbs.</h5> + +<table class="paradigm" summary="paradigm"> +<tr> +<td colspan="4"> +<h6>INDICATIVE MOOD.</h6> +<p class="center smallest"> +PRESENT TENSE.</p> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th colspan="4">Singular.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(I) kerve,</td> +<td>renne,</td> +<td>smite,</td> +<td>stonde.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(Thou) kerves,</td> +<td>rennes,</td> +<td>smites,</td> +<td>stondes.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(He) kerves,</td> +<td>rennes,</td> +<td>smites,</td> +<td>stondes.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<th colspan="4">Plural.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(We) kerven,</td> +<td>rennen,</td> +<td>smiten,</td> +<td>stonden.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(Ȝe) „</td> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td class="center">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(Thay) „</td> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td class="center">„</td> +</tr> +<tr class="header"> +<td class="center smallest" colspan="4"> +PRETERITE TENSE.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th colspan="4">Singular.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(I) carf,</td> +<td>ran,</td> +<td>smot,</td> +<td>stod.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(Thou) carve,</td> +<td>ranne,</td> +<td>smote,</td> +<td>stode.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(He) carf,</td> +<td>ran,</td> +<td>smot,</td> +<td>stod.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>Very frequently the <i>e</i> in the second person is dropped,<a class="tag" name="tag65" id="tag65" href="#note65">65</a> as in the +Northumbrian dialect, but we never meet with such forms as carves +(= carvedest), rannes (= ranst), smotes (= smotest), +etc.</p> + +<table class="paradigm" summary="paradigm"> +<tr> +<th colspan="4">Plural.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(We) corven,</td> +<td>runnen,</td> +<td>smiten,</td> +<td>stonden.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(Ȝe) „</td> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td class="center">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(Thay) „</td> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td class="center">„</td> +<td class="center">„</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="4"> +<h6>PASSIVE PARTICIPLES.</h6> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Corven,</td> +<td>runnen,</td> +<td>smiten,</td> +<td>stonden.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>The Northumbrian dialect does not preserve any separate form for the +preterite plural, and this distinction is not always observed in the +present poems.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">xxxvi</span> +<a name="pagexxxvi" id="pagexxxvi"> </a> + +<h5>Table of Verbs.</h5> + +<table class="paradigm" summary="paradigm"> +<tr> +<td colspan="4"> +<h6>A.—SIMPLE ORDER.</h6> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th>Present.</th> +<th>Preterite.</th> +<th>Passive Participle.</th> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="class">Class I.</td> +<td>Hate,</td> +<td>hatede,</td> +<td>hated.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="class">Class II. (<i>a</i>)</td> +<td>Bede (offer),</td> +<td>bedde,</td> +<td>bed.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Dype (dip),</td> +<td>dypte,</td> +<td>dypt.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Kythe (show),</td> +<td>kydde,</td> +<td>kyd.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Lende,</td> +<td>lende,</td> +<td>lent.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Rende,</td> +<td>rende,</td> +<td>rent.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Sende,</td> +<td>sende,</td> +<td>sent.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="class right">(<i>b</i>)</td> +<td>Clothe,</td> +<td>cladde,</td> +<td>clad.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Dele (deal),</td> +<td>dalte,</td> +<td>dalt.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Lede,</td> +<td>ladde,</td> +<td>lad.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Leve,</td> +<td>lafte,</td> +<td>laft.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Rede (advise),</td> +<td>radde,</td> +<td>rad.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Sprede (spread),</td> +<td>spradde,</td> +<td>sprad.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Swelt (die),</td> +<td>swalte,</td> +<td>——</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Swette (sweat),</td> +<td>swatte,</td> +<td>——</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Threte (threaten),</td> +<td>thratte,</td> +<td>thrat.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="class">Class III.</td> +<td>Byye (buy),</td> +<td>boȝte,</td> +<td>boȝt</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Bringe,</td> +<td>broȝte,</td> +<td>broȝt.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Cache (catch),</td> +<td>caȝte,</td> +<td>caȝt.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Lache (seize),</td> +<td>laȝte,</td> +<td>laȝt.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Reche (reck),</td> +<td>roȝte,</td> +<td>——</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Reche (reach),</td> +<td>raȝte,</td> +<td>——</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Selle,</td> +<td>solde,</td> +<td>sold.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Worche (work),</td> +<td>wroȝte,</td> +<td>wroȝt.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="4"> +<h6>B.—COMPLEX ORDER.</h6> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="center" colspan="4"> +<span class="smaller smallcaps">Division I.</span> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th>Present.</th> +<th>Preterite.</th> +<th>Passive Participle.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="class">Class I.</td> +<td>Bere (bear),</td> +<td>ber,</td> +<td>born.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Bete (beat),</td> +<td>bet,</td> +<td>beten.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<span class="pagenum">xxxvii</span> +<a name="pagexxxvii" id="pagexxxvii"> </a> +</td> +<td>Breke (break),</td> +<td>brek,</td> +<td>broken.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Chese (choose),</td> +<td>ches (chos),</td> +<td>chosen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Cleve (cleave),</td> +<td>clef,</td> +<td>cloven.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Ete (eat),</td> +<td>ette (<i>for</i> et),</td> +<td>eten.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Forȝete (forget),</td> +<td>forȝet,</td> +<td>forȝeten.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Frese (freeze),</td> +<td>fres,</td> +<td>frosen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Gife (give),</td> +<td>gef,</td> +<td>given, geven.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Heve (heave),</td> +<td>hef,</td> +<td>hoven.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Ligge (lie),</td> +<td>leȝ,</td> +<td>leyen, leȝen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Lepe (leap),</td> +<td>lep,</td> +<td>lopen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td> +<table class="inner" summary="bracketed words"> +<tr> +<td class="bracket">Nemme<br> +Nimme</td> +<td class="middle"> (take),</td> +</tr> +</table> +</td> +<td class="middle">nem (nam),</td> +<td class="middle">nomen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Schere (shear),</td> +<td>scher,</td> +<td>schorn.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Slepe (sleep),</td> +<td>slep,</td> +<td>slepen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Speke (speak),</td> +<td>spek,</td> +<td>spoken.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Stele (steal),</td> +<td>stel,</td> +<td>stolen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Swere (swear),</td> +<td>swer,</td> +<td>sworen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Wepe (weep),</td> +<td>wep,</td> +<td>wopen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Wreke (avenge<ins class="correction" title=", missing">), +</ins></td> +<td>wrek,</td> +<td>wroken.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="class">Class II.</td> +<td>Falle,</td> +<td>fell,</td> +<td>fallen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Fonge (take),</td> +<td>feng,</td> +<td>fongen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Growe,</td> +<td>grew,</td> +<td>growen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Hange, honge,</td> +<td>heng,</td> +<td>hangen, hongen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Knowe, knawe,</td> +<td>knew,</td> +<td>knawen, knowen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Schape (make),</td> +<td>schep,</td> +<td>schapen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Walke,</td> +<td>welk,</td> +<td>walken.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Wasche,</td> +<td>wesch,</td> +<td>waschen.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="class">Class III.</td> +<td>Drawe, draȝe,</td> +<td>droȝ,</td> +<td>drawen,<ins class="correction" title=". missing">. </ins></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Fare (go),</td> +<td>for,</td> +<td>faren.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Laȝe (laugh),</td> +<td>loȝ,</td> +<td>laȝen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Stande, stonde,</td> +<td>stod,</td> +<td>standen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Slaye,</td> +<td>slow, slew,</td> +<td>slayn.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td> +<span class="pagenum">xxxviii</span> +<a name="pagexxxviii" id="pagexxxviii"> </a> +</td> +<td>Take,</td> +<td>tok,</td> +<td>tane, tone.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Wake,</td> +<td>wok,</td> +<td>waken.</td> +</tr> + +<tr class="header"> +<td class="center" colspan="4"> +<span class="smaller smallcaps">Division II.</span> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<th>Present.</th> +<th>Preterite.</th> +<th>Passive Participle.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="class">Class I.</td> +<td>Biginne,</td> +<td>bigon,</td> +<td>bigonnen, bigunnen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Breste,</td> +<td>brast, borst,</td> +<td>brusten, bursten.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Climbe,</td> +<td>clamb, clomb,</td> +<td>clumben.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Drinke,</td> +<td>dronk, drank,</td> +<td>drunken, dronken.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Finde,</td> +<td>fand, fond,</td> +<td>funden.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Fiȝte,</td> +<td>faȝt, feȝt,</td> +<td>foȝten.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Helpe,</td> +<td>halp,</td> +<td>holpen<ins class="correction" title="text has , for .">. </ins></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Kerve (cut),</td> +<td>carf,</td> +<td>corven.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Melte,</td> +<td>malt,</td> +<td>molten.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Renne (run),</td> +<td>ran,</td> +<td>runnen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Ringe,</td> +<td>rong,</td> +<td>rungen, rongen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Singe,</td> +<td>song, sang,</td> +<td>sungen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Steke,</td> +<td>stac,</td> +<td>stoken.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Sterve (die),</td> +<td>starf,</td> +<td><ins class="correction" title="text reads ‘storveu’">storven</ins>.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Werpe (throw),</td> +<td>warp,</td> +<td>worpen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Win,</td> +<td>wan, won,</td> +<td>wonnen, wunnen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Ȝelde (yield),</td> +<td>ȝald,</td> +<td>ȝolden.</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="class">Class II.</td> +<td>Bide (abide),</td> +<td>bod,</td> +<td>biden.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Bite,</td> +<td>bot,</td> +<td>biten.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Drive,</td> +<td>drof,</td> +<td>driven.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Fine (cease),</td> +<td>fon,</td> +<td>——</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Glide,</td> +<td>glod,</td> +<td>gliden.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Ride,</td> +<td>rod,</td> +<td>riden.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Rise,</td> +<td>ros,</td> +<td>risen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Schine,</td> +<td>schon,</td> +<td>——</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Slide,</td> +<td>slod,</td> +<td>sliden.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Smite,</td> +<td>smot,</td> +<td>smiten.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Trine (go),</td> +<td>tron,</td> +<td>——</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td class="class"> +<span class="pagenum">xxxix</span> +<a name="pagexxxix" id="pagexxxix"> </a> +Class III.</td> +<td>Fly,</td> +<td>fleȝ, flegh, flaȝ,</td> +<td>flowen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>See,</td> +<td>seȝ, segh, syȝ,</td> +<td>seen.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td></td> +<td>Stiȝe, steȝe,</td> +<td>steȝ</td> +<td>——</td> +</tr> +</table> + + +<table class="paradigm" summary="paradigm"> +<tr class="header"> +<td class="center smallcaps" colspan="2"> +Anomalous Verbs. +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Can,</td> +<td>pret. couthe.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Dare,</td> +<td> „ dorste.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>May,</td> +<td> „ miȝte.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Mot,</td> +<td> „ moste.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Oȝe (owe),</td> +<td> „ oȝte.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Schal,</td> +<td> „ scholde, schulde<ins class="correction" title=". missing">. </ins></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Thar,</td> +<td> „ thurte.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Wote,</td> +<td> „ wiste.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Wille,</td> +<td> „ wolde.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p><i>Schal</i> (shall) in the second person singular is <i>schal</i> or +<i>schalt</i>; so, too, we occasionally find <i>wyl</i> for +<i>wylt</i>.</p> + +<p>The present plural of <i>schal</i> is <i>schul</i>, <i>schulen</i>, +or <i>schyn</i>.</p> + +<p>The verb <i>to be</i> is thus conjugated:—</p> + +<table class="paradigm" summary="paradigm"> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> +<h6>INDICATIVE MOOD.</h6> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="center smallest"> +PRESENT TENSE.</td> +<td class="center smallest"> +PAST TENSE.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th colspan="2"> +Singular.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(I) am.</td> +<td>(I) was, watȝ.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(Thou) art.</td> +<td>(Thou) was, watȝ.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(He) is, bes, betȝ.</td> +<td>(He) was, watȝ.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<th colspan="2"> +Plural.</th> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(We) arn, are, ar.</td> +<td>(We) wern, were.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(Ȝe) arn, are, ar.</td> +<td>(Ȝe) wern, were.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>(Thay) arn, are, ar.</td> +<td>(Thay) wern, were.</td> +</tr> +</table> + +<p>The verbs <i>be</i>, <i>have</i>, <i>wille</i>, have negative forms; +as, <i>nam</i> = am not; <i>nar</i> = are not; <i>nas</i> = was not; +<i>naf</i> = have not; <i>nade</i> = had not; <i>nyl</i> = will not.</p> + +<p>The following contractions are occasionally met with: <i>bos</i> = +behoves; <i>byhod</i> = behoved; <i>ha</i> = have; <i>ma</i> = make; +<i>man</i> = make (pl.) <i>matȝ</i> (<i>mas</i>) = makes; <i>ta</i> = +take; <i>tatȝ</i> (= <i>tas</i>) = takes; <i>tane</i>, <i>tone</i> = +taken.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">xl</span> +<a name="pagexl" id="pagexl"> </a> + +<h5><a name="pref_gram_adv" id="pref_gram_adv">V.</a> +Adverbs.</h5> + +<p><ins class="correction" title="text reads ‘Ths’">The</ins> Norse +forms <i>hethen</i>, <i>quethen</i> (<i>whethen</i>),<a class="tag" +name="tag66" id="tag66" href="#note66">66</a> and <i>thethen</i>, +seem to have been known to the West-Midland dialect as well as the Saxon +forms <i>hence</i> (<i>hennes</i>, <i>henne</i>), <i>whence</i> +(<i>whennes</i>), <i>thence</i> <ins class="correction" title="( missing">(<i>thennes</i>)</ins>, <ins class="correction" title="text has italic {t} for .">etc.</ins><a class="tag" name="endtagA" id="endtagA" href="#endnoteA">A</a> The adverbs <i>in-blande</i> +(together), <i>in-lyche</i> (alike), <i>in-mydde</i> (amidst), +<i>in-monge</i> (amongst), are due, perhaps, to Scandinavian +influence.</p> + + +<h5><a name="pref_gram_prep" id="pref_gram_prep">VI.</a> +Prepositions.</h5> + +<p>The preposition <i>from</i> never occurs in the following poems; it +is replaced by <i>fro</i>, <i>fra</i> (Northumbrian), O.N. +<i>frá</i>.</p> + + +<h5><a name="pref_gram_conj" id="pref_gram_conj">VII.</a> +Conjunctions.</h5> + +<p>The conjunction <i>if</i> takes a negative form; as, <i>nif</i> = if +not, unless.</p> + + +<span class="pagenum">xli</span> +<a name="pagexli" id="pagexli"> </a> +<h3><a name="manuscript" id="manuscript"> +DESCRIPTION OF THE MANUSCRIPT<br> +USED IN THE PRESENT VOLUME.</a><a class="tag" name="tag67" id="tag67" href="#note67">67</a></h3> + +<hr class="micro"> + +<p><span class="smallcaps">Cotton MS. Nero A. x.</span> A small quarto +volume, consisting of three different MSS. bound together, which +originally had no connection with each other. Prefixed is an imperfect +list of contents in the hand-writing of James, the Bodley Librarian.</p> + +<p>The first portion consists of a panegyrical oration in Latin by +Justus de Justis, on John Chedworth, archdeacon of Lincoln, dated at +Verona 16th July, 1468. It occupies thirty-six folios, written on +vellum, and is the original copy presented by the author.</p> + +<p>The second portion is that we are more immediately concerned with. It +is described by James as “<i>Vetus poema Anglicanum, in quo sub insomnii +figmento multa ad religionem et mores spectantia explicantur</i>,” and +this account, with some slight changes, is adopted by Smith and Planta, +in their catalogues; both of whom assign it to the fifteenth century. It +will appear, by what follows, that no less than four distinct poems have +been confounded together by these writers.</p> + +<p>This portion of the volume extends from fol. 37 to fol. 126, +inclusive, and is written by one and the same hand, in a small, sharp, +irregular character, which is often, from the paleness of the ink, and +the contractions used, difficult to read. There are no titles or +rubrics, but the divisions are marked by large initial letters of blue, +flourished with red, and several illuminations, coarsely executed, serve +by way of illustration, each of which occupies a page.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +1. Four of these are prefixed to the first poem. In the first the Author +is represented slumbering in a meadow, by the side of a streamlet, clad +in a long red gown, having falling sleeves, turned up with white, and a +blue hood attached round the neck.<br> + +<span class="pagenum">xlii</span> +<a name="pagexlii" id="pagexlii"> </a> +In the second the same person appears, drawn on a larger scale, and +standing by the stream. In the third he occurs nearly in the same +position, with his hands raised, and on the opposite side a lady dressed +in white, in the costume of Richard the Second’s and Henry the Fourth’s +time, buttoned tight up to the neck, with long hanging sleeves. Her hair +is plaited on each side, and on her head is a crown. In the fourth we +see the author kneeling by the water, and beyond the stream is depicted +a castle or palace, on the embattled wall of which appears the same +lady, with her arm extended towards him.</p> + +<p>The poem commences on fol. 39, and consists of one hundred and one +twelve-line stanzas,<a class="tag" name="tag68" id="tag68" href="#note68">68</a> every five of which conclude with the same line, and +are connected by the iteration of a leading expression. It concludes on +fol. 55<i>b</i>.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +2. Then follow two more illuminations; in the first of which Noah and +his family are represented in the ark; in the second the prophet Daniel +expounding the writing on the wall to the affrighted Belshazzar and his +queen. These serve as illustrations to the second poem, which begins at +fol. 57, and is written in long alliterative lines. It concludes on fol. +82.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +3. Two illuminations precede, as before; one of which represents the +sailors throwing the prophet Jonas into the sea, the other depicts the +prophet in the attitude of preaching to the people of Nineveh. The poem +is in the same metre as the last, and commences at fol. 83.</p> + +<p>It is occupied wholly with the story of Jonas, as applicable to the +praise of meekness and patience; and ends on fol. 90.</p> + +<p class="inset"> +4. The Romance intitled <i>Sir Gawayne and the Grene Knyȝt</i> follows, +fol. 91. Prefixed is an illumination of a headless knight on horseback, +carrying his head by its hair in his right hand, and looking benignly at +an odd-eyed bill-man before him; while from a raised structure above, +a king armed with a knife, his queen, an attendant with a sabre, +and another bill-man scowling looks on. Here and elsewhere the only +colours used are green, red, blue, and yellow. It ends on fol. +124<i>b.</i>, and at +<span class="pagenum">xliii</span> +<a name="pagexliii" id="pagexliii"> </a> +the conclusion, in a later hand, is written “Hony soit q̃ mal penc,” +which may, perhaps, allude to the illumination on the opposite page, +fol. 125, representing the stolen interview between the wife of the +Grene Knyȝt and Sir Gawayne. Above the lady’s head is written:</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>Mi mind is mukel on on, þ<i>a</i>t wil me noȝt amende,</p> +<p>Sum time was trewe as ston, & fro schame couþ<i>e</i> hir +defende.</p> +</div> + +<p>It does not appear very clearly how these lines apply to the +painting. Two additional illuminations follow; in the first of which +Gawayne is seen approaching the <i>Grene Chapel</i>, whilst his enemy +appears above, wielding his huge axe; and in the second Sir Gawayne, +fully equipped in armour, is represented in the presence of king Arthur +and queen Guenever, after his return to the court.</p> + +<p>The third and concluding portion of the Cotton volume extends from +fol. 127 to fol. 140<i>b</i>, inclusive, and consists of theological +excerpts, in Latin, written in a hand of the end of the thirteenth +century. At the conclusion is added <i>Epitaphium de Ranulfo, abbate +Ramesiensi</i>, who was abbot from the year 1231 to 1253, and who is +erroneously called <i>Ralph</i> in the <i>Monasticon</i>, vol. ii. +p. 548, new ed.</p> + + +<span class="pagenum">xliv</span> +<a name="pagexliv" id="pagexliv"> </a> +<h3><a name="contrac" id="contrac"> +CONTRACTIONS USED IN THE GLOSSARY.</a></h3> + +<hr class="micro"> + +<p>The letters A. B. C. refer severally to the poems, entitled by me, +“The Pearl,” “Cleanness,” and “Patience.”</p> + +<table class="paradigm" summary="paradigm"> +<tr> +<td>A.S.</td> +<td>Anglo-Saxon.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Dan.</td> +<td>Danish.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Du.</td> +<td>Dutch.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>E.</td> +<td>English.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>O.E.</td> +<td>Old English.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Prov.E.</td> +<td>Provincial English.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="bracket">N.Prov.E.<br> +<ins class="correction" title="this abbreviation is never used">N.P.E.</ins></td> +<td class="middle">North Provincial English.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Fr.</td> +<td>French.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>O.Fr.</td> +<td>Old French.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Prov. Fr.</td> +<td>Provincial French.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Fris.</td> +<td>Frisian.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>G. Doug.</td> +<td><p>Gawin Douglas’s Æneid, published by the Bannatyne Club, +2 vols.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><ins class="correction" title="the abbreviations O.H.G. and M.H.G. are not listed">Ger.</ins></td> +<td>German.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Goth.</td> +<td>Gothic.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Icel.</td> +<td>Icelandic.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Jam.</td> +<td><p>Jamieson’s Scottish Dictionary.</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>K. Alex.</td> +<td><p>King Alexander, Romance of (Ed. Stevenson).</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Met. Hom.</td> +<td><p>Metrical Homilies (Ed. Small).</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>O.N.</td> +<td>Old Norse.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>O.S.</td> +<td>Old Saxon.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td><ins class="correction" title="text reads ‘Prampt.’">Prompt.</ins> Parv. </td> +<td><p>Promptorium Parvulorum (Ed. Way).</p></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Sc.</td> +<td>Scotch.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>O.Sc.</td> +<td>Old Scotch.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>S.Sax.</td> +<td>Semi-Saxon.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Sw.</td> +<td>Swedish.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>O.Sw.</td> +<td>Old Swedish.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>Town. Myst.</td> +<td>Townley Mysteries.</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td>T. B.</td> +<td><p>Troy Book (Ed. Donaldson).</p></td> +</tr> +</table> + +<div class="footnote"> + +<p class="mynote"> +Gaps in numbering represent notes that were shown inline, with or +without visible numbers.</p> + +<p><a name="note1" id="note1" href="#tag1">1.</a> +Edited by Sir Frederic Madden for the Bannatyne Club, under the title of +“Syr Gawayn and the Grene Knyȝt,” and by me for the Early English Text +Soc., 1865.</p> + +<p><a name="note2" id="note2" href="#tag2">2.</a> +Wyntown nowhere asserts that Huchowne is a Scotchman.</p> + +<p><a name="note3" id="note3" href="#tag3">3.</a> +Edited for E. E. T. Soc. by Rev. G. G. Perry, M.A.</p> + +<p><a name="note4" id="note4" href="#tag4">4.</a> +This is evident from the following particulars:—</p> + +<p class="continue"> +I. In old Scotch manuscripts we find the guttural <i>gh</i> (or ȝ) +represented by <i>ch</i>; thus, <i>aght</i>, <i>laght</i>, <i>saght</i>, +<i>wight</i>, are the English forms which, in the Scotch orthography, +become <i>aucht</i> (owed), <i>laucht</i> (seized), <i>saucht</i> +(peace), <i>wicht</i> (active). It is the former orthography, however, +that prevails in the Morte Arthure.</p> + +<p class="continue"> +II. We miss the Scotch use of (1) <i>-is</i> or <i>-ys</i>, for +<i>-es</i> or <i>-s</i>, in the plural number, and of possessive cases +of nouns, and in the person endings of the present tense indicative mood +of verbs; (2) <i>-it</i> or <i>-yt</i>, for <i>-ed</i> or <ins class="correction" title="hyphen missing"><i>-d</i></ins>, in the preterites +or passive participles of regular verbs.</p> + +<p class="continue"> +III. There is a total absence of the well-known Scotch forms +<i>begouth</i> (began), <i>sa</i> (so), <i>sic</i> (such), +<i>throuch</i>, <i>thorow</i> (through). Instead of these <i>bigan</i>, +<i>so</i>, <i>syche</i>, <i>thrughe</i> (<i>thurgh</i>) are employed. +See Preface to Hampole’s Pricke of Conscience, pp. vii<ins class="correction" title="text has . for ,">, </ins>viii.</p> + +<p><a name="note5" id="note5" href="#tag5">5.</a> +This is shown by the frequent employment of <i>-es</i> as the person +ending of the verb in the present tense, plural number. The +corresponding Southern verbal inflexion <ins class="correction" title="text has -eth."><i>-eth</i></ins> <i>never</i> occurs; while the +Midland <i>-en</i> is only occasionally met with in the third person +plural present, and has been introduced by a later copyist. There are +other characteristics, such as the predominance of words containing the +A.S. long <i>a</i>; as <i>hame</i> (home), <i>stane</i> (stone), +<i>thra</i> (bold), <i>walde</i> (would), etc.; the frequent use of +<i>thir</i> (these), <i>tha</i> (the, those), etc.</p> + +<p><a name="note6" id="note6" href="#tag6">6.</a> +The peculiarities referred to do not appear to be owing to the copyist +of the Lincoln manuscript (Robert de Thornton, a native of +Oswaldkirk in Yorkshire), who, being a Northumbrian, would probably have +restored the original readings. The non-Northumbrian forms in the Morte +Arthure are— 1. The change of <i>a</i> into <i>o</i>, as +<i>bolde</i> for <i>balde</i>, <i>bote</i> for <i>bate</i>, <i>one</i> +for <i>ane</i>, <i>honde</i> for <i>hande</i>, <i>londe</i> for +<i>lande</i>; 2. <i>they</i>, <i>theyre</i>, <i>them</i>, +<i>theym</i>, for <i>thay</i>, <i>thaire</i>, <i>tham</i>; +3. <i>gayliche</i>, <i>kindliche</i>, <i>semlyche</i>, etc., for +<i>gayly</i>, <i>kindly</i>, <i>seemly</i>, etc. (the termination +<i>lich</i>, <i>liche</i>, was wholly unknown to the Northumbrian +dialect, being represented by <i>ly</i> or <i>like</i>); +4. <i>churle</i>, <i>churche</i>, <i>iche</i>, <i>mache</i>, +<i>myche</i>, <i>syche</i>, <i>wyrche</i>, etc., for <i>carle</i>, +<i>kirke</i>, <i>ilk</i>, <i>make</i>, <i>mykelle</i>, <i>swilk</i>, +<i>wyrk</i>, etc.; 5. infinitives in <i>-en</i>, as +<i>drenschen</i>, <i>schewenne</i>, <i>wacchenne</i>, etc.; 6. the use +of <i>eke</i>, <i>thos</i>, for <i>als</i> (<i>alswa</i>), <i>thas</i>; +7. the employment of <i>aye</i> for <i>egg</i>. The former word +<i>never</i> occurs in any pure Northumbrian work, while the latter is +seldom met with in any Southern production.</p> + +<p><a name="note7" id="note7" href="#tag7">7.</a> +The poems are <i>Northern</i> in contradistinction to <i>Southern</i>, +but they are not Northern or Northumbrian in contradistinction to +<i>Midland</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="note8" id="note8" href="#tag8">8.</a> +Printed by Mr. D. Laing in his “Inedited Pieces,” from a MS. of Mr. +Heber’s. Other copies are in the Vernon MS., and Cotton Calig. +A. ii.; the latter imperfect.</p> + +<p><a name="note9" id="note9" href="#tag9">9.</a> +Other specimens of this dialect will doubtless turn up. Mr. Brock has +found a MS. in British Museum (Harl. 3909) with most of the +peculiarities pointed out by me in the preface to the present work, and +I believe that this dialect was probably a flourishing one in the 13th +century. See O.E<ins class="correction" title=". missing">. +</ins>Homilies, p. li.</p> + +<p><a name="note10" id="note10" href="#tag10">10.</a> +(1) <i>en</i> as the inflexion of the pres. tense pl., indic. mood of +verbs; (2) <i>s</i> in the second and third pers. sing. of verbs; +(3) <i>ho</i> = she; (4) <i>hit</i> = its; (5) <i>tow</i> += two<ins class="correction" title="text has : for ;">; +</ins>(6) <i>deȝter</i> = daughters, etc.</p> + +<p><a name="note11" id="note11" href="#tag11">11.</a> +See p. 36, ll. 1052-1066; p. 37, ll. 1074-1089; pp. 161-162, ll. +4956-4975.</p> + +<p><a name="note12" id="note12" href="#tag12">12.</a> +See pp. 25, 26 (Jason’s unfaithfulness); pp. 74, 75, ll. 2241-2255; +p. 75, ll. 2256-2263; p. 69, ll. 2267-2081; p. 158, ll. +4839-4850; p. 189, ll. 4881-4885; p. 165, ll. 5078-5086, +etc.</p> + +<p><a name="note13" id="note13" href="#tag13">13.</a> +In the Harl. MS. 3909, nearly all the p. part. and preterites end in +<i>-et</i> (<i>-ut</i> and <i>-et</i> occur in Romances ed. by +Robson).</p> + +<p><a name="note14" id="note14" href="#tag14">14.</a> +This seems to furnish an etymology for <i>Clent</i> Hills, +Worcestershire—<i>brent</i> is the term employed in +Alliterative.</p> + +<p><a name="note15" id="note15" href="#tag15">15.</a> +Matthew, chapter xx.</p> + +<p><a name="note17" id="note17" href="#tag17">17.</a> +“4. And the city was broken up, and all the men of war fled by night by +the way of the gate between two walls, which is by the king’s garden: +(now the Chaldees were against the city round about:) and the king went +the way toward the plain.</p> + +<p class="continue"> +“5. And the army of the Chaldees pursued after the king, and overtook +him in the plains of Jericho: and all his army were scattered from +him.”</p> + +<p><a name="note22" id="note22" href="#tag22">22.</a> +History of English Rhythms, vol. i. p. 159.</p> + +<p><a name="note23" id="note23" href="#tag23">23.</a> +Syr Gawayn, ed. Madden, p. 302.</p> + +<p><a name="note24" id="note24" href="#tag24">24.</a> +Wherever the Text has been altered, the reading of the MS. will be found +in a foot-note.</p> + +<p><a name="note25" id="note25" href="#tag25">25.</a> +Polychronicon R. Higdeni, ap. Gale, p. 210, 211. See Garnett’s +Philological Essays, p. 43, and Specimens of Early English, +p. 338.</p> + +<p><a name="note26" id="note26" href="#tag26">26.</a> +It is to be regretted that Garnett did not enter upon details, and give +his readers some tests by which to distinguish the “five distinctly +marked forms.”</p> + +<p><a name="note27" id="note27" href="#tag27">27.</a> +In English works of the fourteenth century the <i>-en</i> of the +Midland, and the <i>-es</i> of the Northumbrian is frequently dropped, +thus gradually approximating to our modern conjugation.</p> + +<p><a name="note28" id="note28" href="#tag28">28.</a> +We are here speaking of works written in the thirteenth and fourteenth +centuries.</p> + +<p><a name="note29" id="note29" href="#tag29">29.</a> +Robert of Brunne, in his “Handlyng Synne,” often employs it instead of +<i>-en</i>, but only for the sake of the rhyme.</p> + +<p><a name="note30" id="note30" href="#tag30">30.</a> +The Midland dialect is a very difficult one to deal with, as it presents +us with no uniform type; and, moreover, works written in this idiom are +marked by Northern or Southern peculiarities, which have led many of our +editors altogether astray in determining the locality of their +composition.</p> + +<p><a name="note31" id="note31" href="#tag31">31.</a> +Published by the Camden Society, 1842.</p> + +<p><a name="note32" id="note32" href="#tag32">32.</a> +Edited by Mr. Halliwell for the Percy Society.</p> + +<p><a name="note33" id="note33" href="#tag33">33.</a> +Edited by me for the Philological Society, 1862.</p> + +<p><a name="note34" id="note34" href="#tag34">34.</a> +<i>-us</i> and <i>-ud</i> for <i>-es</i> and <i>-ed</i>, as well as +<i>hom</i>, <i>hor</i>, do occasionally occur in the MS. containing our +poems.</p> + +<p><a name="note35" id="note35" href="#tag35">35.</a> +The Romance of William and the Werwolf is written in the West-Midland +dialect as spoken probably in Shropshire.</p> + +<p><a name="note36" id="note36" href="#tag36">36.</a> +Robson’s Metrical Romances, p. 54, l. 9.</p> + +<p><a name="note37" id="note37" href="#tag37">37.</a> +<i>Woldus</i> = <i>woldes</i> = <i>wouldst</i>, appears in Audelay’s +poems (in the Shropshire dialect of the fifteenth century), p. 32, +l. 6.</p> + +<p><a name="note38" id="note38" href="#tag38">38.</a> +The so-called Northumbrian records of the ninth and tenth centuries +frequently use <i>-es</i> instead of <i>-est</i>, in the 2nd pers. +preterite of regular verbs, <i>e.g.</i>,</p> + +<p class="continue"> +<i>ðu forcerdes usic on-bec</i> = Thou turnedst us hindward. —(Ps. +xliii. 11.)</p> + +<p class="continue"> +<i>ðu saldes usic</i> = Thou gavest us. —(Ps. xliii. 12.)</p> + +<p class="continue"> +<i>ðu bi-bohtes folc ðin butan weorðe</i> = Thou soldest thy folk +without price. —(Ps. xliii. 12.)</p> + +<p class="continue"> +ðu <i>ge-hiowades</i> me & <i>settes</i> ofer me hond ðine = Thou +madest me and settest over me thy hand. —(Ps. +cxxxviii. 5.)</p> + +<p class="continue"> +ðu <i>ðreades ða</i> ofer-hygdan = Thou hast rebuked the proud. +—(Ps. cxviii. 21.)</p> + +<p class="continue"> +Ic ondeto ðe fader drihten heofnes forðon ðu <i>gedeigeldes</i> ðas ilco +from snotrum & hogum & <i>ædeaudes</i> ða ðæm lytlum = I thank +thee, O father, Lord of heaven and earth, because thou hast hid these +things from the wise and prudent, and hast revealed them unto babes. +—(Matt. xi. 25).</p> + +<p><a name="note39" id="note39" href="#tag39">39.</a> +Þou <i>torned</i> us hindward. —(Early English Nn. Psalter, +xliii. 11.)</p> + +<p class="continue"> +Þou <i>salde</i> þi folk. —(<i>Ibid.</i> xliii. 12.)</p> + +<p class="continue"> +Þou <i>meked</i> us. —(<i>Ibid.</i> xliii. 20.)</p> + +<p class="continue"> +Þou <i>made</i> me and set þi hand over me. —(<i>Ibid.</i> +cxxxviii. 5.)</p> + +<p class="continue"> +Þou <i>snibbed</i> proude. —(<i>Ibid.</i> cxviii. 21.)</p> + +<p><a name="note40" id="note40" href="#tag40">40.</a> +I am informed by a Shropshire friend that it prevails in his county +under the form <i>shinneh</i>.</p> + +<p class="continue"> +<i>Win</i> = will, in <i>winnot</i>, <i>wunnot</i> = will not, is still +heard in the West-Midland districts. It is found in Robson’s Romances +and in Liber Cure Cocorum.</p> + +<p><a name="note50" id="note50" href="#tag50">50.</a> +So I got up by break of day and set out; and went straight till I well +nigh came within two miles of the town, when, as the devil would have +it, a horse was standing at an ale-house door; and my calf (the +devil bore out <i>its</i> eyes for me) took the horse for +<i>its</i> mother, and would suck her.</p> + +<p><a name="note51" id="note51" href="#tag51">51.</a> +Three specimens of the East-Midland dialect have come to light since +writing the above. Harl. MS. 3909; Troy Book, ed. Donaldson, E. E. +T. Soc.; The Lay-folks Mass-Book, ed. Simpson, E. E. +T. Soc.</p> + +<p><a name="note52" id="note52" href="#tag52">52.</a> +In the romance of “Syr Gawayn and the Grene Knyȝt” we find “<i>blonk</i> +(horse) sadele,” “<i>fox</i> felle” (skin). In <i>blonk</i> an <i>e</i> +has probably been dropped.</p> + +<p><a name="note53" id="note53" href="#tag53">53.</a> +The feminine form is seldom employed.</p> + +<p><a name="note54" id="note54" href="#tag54">54.</a> +The Northumbrian plural article is <i>tha</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="note55" id="note55" href="#tag55">55.</a> +The Northumbrian corresponding form is <i>thas</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="note56" id="note56" href="#tag56">56.</a> +<i>Scho</i> occurs <i>once</i> in the present poems.</p> + +<p><a name="note57" id="note57" href="#tag57">57.</a> +<i>Yowreȝ</i> (yours) sometimes takes the place of <i>youre</i> in the +romance of “Sir Gawayne and the Grene Knyȝt.”</p> + +<p><a name="note58" id="note58" href="#tag58">58.</a> +Page 92, l. 108.</p> + +<p><a name="note59" id="note59" href="#tag59">59.</a> +Page 91, l<ins class="correction" title="text has , for .">. +</ins>72.</p> + +<p><a name="note60" id="note60" href="#tag60">60.</a> +Syr Gawayn, l. 1932.</p> + +<p><a name="note61" id="note61" href="#tag61">61.</a> +I would say that <i>says me I</i> = I myself say. —R. M.</p> + +<p><a name="note62" id="note62" href="#tag62">62.</a> +<i>Schonied</i> occurs for <i>schoned</i>. No Southern writer would +retain, I think, the <i>i</i> in the preterite.</p> + +<p><a name="note63" id="note63" href="#tag63">63.</a> +Garnett asserts that the present participle in <i>-ande</i> is “a +<i>certain criterion</i> of a Northern dialect subsequent to the +thirteenth century.” It is never found in any Southern writer, but is +common to many Midland dialects. Capgrave employs it frequently in his +Chronicles. It is, however, no safe criterion by itself.</p> + +<p><a name="note64" id="note64" href="#tag64">64.</a> +The final <i>e</i> is often dropped.</p> + +<p><a name="note65" id="note65" href="#tag65">65.</a> +In <i>The Wohunge of Ure Lauerd</i> the <i>e</i> is constantly +omitted.</p> + +<p><a name="note66" id="note66" href="#tag66">66.</a> +“Syr Gawayn and the Grene Knyȝt.”</p> + +<p><a name="note67" id="note67" href="#tag67">67.</a> +Taken with some few alterations from Sir F. Madden’s “Syr Gawayn.”</p> + +<p><a name="note68" id="note68" href="#tag68">68.</a> +A line, however, is missing from the MS. on fol. 55<i>b</i>. See page +15.</p> + +</div> + +</div> +<!-- end div intro--> + +<div class="sidenotes"> + +<hr class="mid"> + +<h3><a name="sidenotes" id="sidenotes"> +Collected Sidenotes</a></h3> + +<div class="mynote"> +<p>This section was added by the transcriber. It contains the editor’s +summaries as given in his sidenotes, and can be read as a condensed +version of the full text. Headings in Roman numerals link to sections of +the poem.</p> + +<p class="center"> +<a href="#side_pearl">The Pearl</a><br> +<a href="#side_clean">Cleanness</a><br> +<a href="#side_patience">Patience</a></p> +</div> + +<h4><a name="side_pearl" id="side_pearl"> +<i>The Pearl</i>: Sidenotes</a></h4> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#pearl_I">I.</a></h5> + +<p>Description of a lost pearl (<i>i.e.</i> a beloved child).</p> +<p>The father laments the loss of his pearl.</p> +<p>He often visits the spot where his pearl disappeared, and hears a +sweet song.</p> +<p>Where the pearl was buried there he found lovely flowers.</p> +<p>Each blade of grass springs from a dead grain.</p> +<p>In the high season of August the parent visits the grave of his lost +child.</p> +<p>Beautiful flowers covered the grave.</p> +<p>From them came a delicious odour.</p> +<p>The bereaved father wrings his hands for sorrow, falls asleep upon +the flowery plot, and dreams.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#pearl_II">II.</a></h5> + +<p>In spirit he is carried to an unknown region, where the rocks and +cliffs gleamed gloriously.</p> +<p>The hill sides were decked with crystal cliffs.</p> +<p>The leaves of the trees were like burnished silver.</p> +<p>The gravel consisted of precious pearls.</p> +<p>The father forgets his sorrow.</p> +<p>He sees birds of the most beautiful hues, and hears their sweet +melody.</p> +<p>No tongue could describe the beauty of the forest.</p> +<p>All shone like gold.</p> +<p>The dreamer arrives at the bank of a river, which gave forth sweet +sounds.</p> +<p>In it, stones glittered like stars in the welkin on a winter +night.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#pearl_III">III.</a></h5> + +<p>His grief abates, and he follows the course of the stream.</p> +<p>No one could describe his great joy.</p> +<p>He thought that Paradise was on the opposite bank.</p> +<p>The stream was not fordable.</p> +<p>More and more he desires to see what is beyond the brook.</p> +<p>But the way seemed difficult.</p> +<p>The dreamer finds new marvels.</p> +<p>He sees a crystal cliff, at the foot of which, sits a maiden clothed +in glistening white.</p> +<p>He knows that he has seen her before.</p> +<p>He desires to call her but is afraid, at finding her in such a +strange place.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#pearl_IV">IV.</a></h5> + +<p>So he stands still, like a well trained hawk.</p> +<p>He fears lest she should escape before he could speak to her.</p> +<p>His long lost one is dressed in royal array—decked with +precious pearls.</p> +<p>She comes along the stream towards him.</p> +<p>Her kirtle is composed of ‘sute,’ ornamented with pearls.</p> +<p>She wore a crown of pearls.</p> +<p>Her hair hung down about her.</p> +<p>Her colour was whiter than whalebone.</p> +<p>Her hair shone as gold.</p> +<p>The trimming of her robe consisted of precious pearls.</p> +<p>A wonderful pearl was set in her breast.</p> +<p>No man from here to Greece, was so glad as the father, when he saw +his pearl on the bank of the stream.</p> +<p>The maiden salutes him.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#pearl_V">V.</a></h5> + +<p>The father enquires of the maiden whether she is his long-lost pearl, +and longs to know who has deprived him of his treasure.</p> +<p>The maiden tells him that his pearl is not really lost.</p> +<p>She is in a garden of delight, where sin and mourning are +unknown.</p> +<p>The rose that he had lost is become a pearl of price.</p> +<p>The pearl blames his rash speech.</p> +<p>The father begs the maiden to excuse his speech, for he really +thought his pearl was wholly lost to him.</p> +<p>The maiden tells her father that he has spoken three words without +knowing the meaning of one.</p> +<p>The first word. The second. The third.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#pearl_VI">VI.</a></h5> + +<p>He is little to be praised who loves what he sees.</p> +<p>To love nothing but what one sees is great presumption.</p> +<p>To live in this kingdom (<i>i.e.</i> heaven) leave must be asked.</p> +<p>This stream must be passed over by death.</p> +<p>The father asks his pearl whether she is about to doom him to sorrow +again.</p> +<p>If he loses his pearl he does not care what happens to him.</p> +<p>The maiden tells her father to suffer patiently.</p> +<p>Though he may dance as any doe, yet he must abide God’s doom.</p> +<p>He must cease to strive.</p> +<p>All lies in God’s power to make men joyful or sad.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#pearl_VII">VII.</a></h5> + +<p>The father beseeches the pearl to have pity upon him.</p> +<p>He says that she has been both his bale and bliss.</p> +<p>And when he lost her, he knew not what had become of her.</p> +<p>And now that he sees her in bliss, she takes little heed of his +sorrow.</p> +<p>He desires to know what life she leads.</p> +<p>The maiden tells him that he may walk and abide with her, now that he +is humble.</p> +<p>All are meek that dwell in the abode of bliss.</p> +<p>All lead a blissful life.</p> +<p>She reminds her father that she was very young when she died.</p> +<p>Now she is crowned a queen in heaven.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#pearl_VIII">VIII.</a></h5> + +<p>The father of the maiden does not fully understand her.</p> +<p>Mary, he says, is the queen of heaven.</p> +<p>No one is able to remove the crown from her.</p> +<p>The maiden addresses the Virgin.</p> +<p>She then explains to her father that each has his place in +heaven.</p> +<p>The court of God has a property in its own being.</p> +<p>Each one in it is a king or queen.</p> +<p>The mother of Christ holds the chief place.</p> +<p>We are all members of Christ’s body.</p> +<p>Look that each limb be perfect.</p> +<p>The father replies that he cannot understand how his pearl can be a +queen.</p> +<p>He desires to know what greater honour she can have.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#pearl_IX">IX.</a></h5> + +<p>She was only two years old when she died, and could do nothing to +please God.</p> +<p>She might be a countess or some great lady but not a queen.</p> +<p>The maiden informs her father that there is no limit to God’s +power.</p> +<p>The parable of the labourers in the vineyard.</p> +<p>The lord of the vineyard hires workmen for a penny a day.</p> +<p>At noon the lord hires other men standing idle in the market +place.</p> +<p>He commands them to go into his vineyard, and he will give them what +is right.</p> +<p>At an hour before the sun went down the lord sees other men standing +idle.</p> +<p>Tells them to go into the vineyard.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#pearl_X">X.</a></h5> + +<p>As soon as the sun was gone down the “reeve” was told to pay the +workmen.</p> +<p>To give each a penny.</p> +<p>The first began to complain.</p> +<p>Having borne the heat of the day he thinks that he deserves more.</p> +<p>The lord tells him that he agreed only to give him a penny.</p> +<p>The last shall be first, and the first last.</p> +<p>The maiden applies the parable to herself.</p> +<p>She came to the vine in eventide, and yet received more than others +who had lived longer.</p> +<p>The father says that his daughter’s tale is unreasonable.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#pearl_XI">XI.</a></h5> + +<p>In heaven, the maiden says, each man is paid alike.</p> +<p>God is no niggard.</p> +<p>The grace of God is sufficient for all.</p> +<p>Those who live long on the earth often forfeit heaven by sinning.</p> +<p>Innocents are saved by baptism.</p> +<p>Why should not God allow their labour.</p> +<p>Our first father lost heaven by eating an apple.</p> +<p>And all are damned for the sin of Adam.</p> +<p>But there came one who paid the penalty of our sins.</p> +<p>The water that came from the pierced side of Christ was baptism.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#pearl_XII">XII.</a></h5> + +<p>Repentance must be sought by prayer with sorrow and affliction.</p> +<p>The guilty may be saved by contrition.</p> +<p>Two sorts of people are saved, the <i>righteous</i> and the +<i>innocent</i>.</p> +<p>The words of David.</p> +<p>The innocent is saved by right.</p> +<p>The words of Solomon.</p> +<p>David says no man living is justified.</p> +<p>Pray to be saved by innocence and not by right.</p> +<p>When Jesus was on earth, little children were brought unto him.</p> +<p>The disciples rebuked the parents.</p> +<p>Christ said, “Suffer little children to come unto me,” etc.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#pearl_XIII">XIII.</a></h5> + +<p>No one can win heaven except he be meek as a child.</p> +<p>The pearl of price is like the kingdom of heaven, pure and clean.</p> +<p>Forsake the mad world and purchase the spotless pearl.</p> +<p>The father of the maiden desires to know who formed her figure and +wrought her garments.</p> +<p>Her beauty, he says, is not natural.</p> +<p>Her colour passes the fleur-de-lis.</p> +<p>The maiden explains to her father that she is a bride of Christ.</p> +<p>She is without spot or blemish.</p> +<p>Her weeds are washed in the blood of Christ.</p> +<p>The father asks the nature of the Lamb that has chosen his daughter, +and why she is selected as a bride.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#pearl_XIV">XIV.</a></h5> + +<p>The Lamb has one hundred and forty thousand brides.</p> +<p>St. John saw them on the hill of Sion in a dream, in the new city of +Jerusalem.</p> +<p>Isaiah speaks of Christ or the Lamb.</p> +<p>He says that He was led as a lamb to the slaughter.</p> +<p>In Jerusalem was Christ slain.</p> +<p>With buffets was His face flayed.</p> +<p>He endured all patiently as a lamb.</p> +<p>For us He died in Jerusalem.</p> +<p>The declaration of St. John, “Behold the Lamb of God,” etc.</p> +<p>Who can reckon His generation, that died in Jerusalem?</p> +<p>In the New Jerusalem St. John saw the Lamb sitting upon the +throne.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#pearl_XV">XV.</a></h5> + +<p>The Lamb is without blemish.</p> +<p>Every spotless soul is a worthy bride for the Lamb.</p> +<p>No strife or envy among the brides.</p> +<p>None can have less bliss than another.</p> +<p>Our death leads us to bliss.</p> +<p>What St. John saw upon the Mount of Sion.</p> +<p>About the Lamb he saw one hundred and forty thousand maidens.</p> +<p>He heard a voice from heaven, like many floods.</p> +<p>He heard the maiden sing a new song.</p> +<p>So did the four beasts and the elders “so sad of cheer.”</p> +<p>This assembly was like the Lamb, spotless and pure.</p> +<p>The father replies to the maiden.</p> +<p>He says he is but dust and ashes.</p> +<p>He wishes to ask one question, whether the brides have their abode in +castle-walls or in manor.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#pearl_XVI">XVI.</a></h5> + +<p>Jerusalem, he says, in Judea.</p> +<p>But the dwelling of the brides should be perfect.</p> +<p>For such “a comely pack” a great castle would be required.</p> +<p>The city in Judæa, answers the maiden, is where Christ suffered, and +is the Old Jerusalem.</p> +<p>The New Jerusalem is where the Lamb has assembled his brides.</p> +<p>Jerusalem means the city of God.</p> +<p>In the Old city our peace was made at one.</p> +<p>In the New city is eternal peace.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#pearl_XVII">XVII.</a></h5> + +<p>The father prays his daughter to bring him to the blissful bower.</p> +<p>His daughter tells him that he shall see the outside, but not a foot +may he put in the city.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#pearl_XVIII">XVIII.</a></h5> + +<p>The maiden then tells her father to go along the bank till he comes +to a hill.</p> +<p>He reaches the hill, and beholds the heavenly city.</p> +<p>As St. John saw it, so he beheld it.</p> +<p>The city was of burnished gold.</p> +<p>Pitched upon gems, the foundation composed of twelve stones.</p> +<p>The names of the precious stones.</p> +<div class="inset"> +<p>i. Jasper.</p> +<p>ii. Sapphire.</p> +<p>iii. Chalcedony.</p> +<p>iv. Emerald.</p> +<p>v. Sardonyx.</p> +<p>vi. Ruby.</p> +<p>vii. Chrysolite.</p> +<p>viii. Beryl.</p> +<p>ix. Topaz.</p> +<p>x. Chrysoprasus.</p> +<p>xi. Jacinth.</p> +<p>xii. Amethyst. +</div> +<p>The city was square.</p> +<p>The wall was of jasper.</p> +<p>Twelve thousand furlongs in length and breadth.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#pearl_XIX">XIX.</a></h5> + +<p>Each “pane” had three gates.</p> +<p>Each gate adorned with a pearl.</p> +<p>Such light gleamed in all the streets, that there was no need of the +sun or moon.</p> +<p>God was the light of those in the city.</p> +<p>The high throne might be seen, upon which the “high God” sat.</p> +<p>A river ran out of the throne; it flowed through each street.</p> +<p>No church was seen.</p> +<p>God was the church; Christ the sacrifice.</p> +<p>The gates were ever open.</p> +<p>There is no night in the city.</p> +<p>The planets, and the sun itself, are dim compared to the divine +light.</p> +<p>Trees there renew their fruit every month.</p> +<p>The beholder of this fair city stood still as a “dased quail.”</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#pearl_XX">XX.</a></h5> + +<p>As the moon began to rise he was aware of a procession of virgins +crowned with pearls, in white robes, with a pearl in their breast.</p> +<p>As they went along they shone as glass.</p> +<p>The Lamb went before them.</p> +<p>There was no pressing.</p> +<p>The “alder men” fell groveling at the feet of the Lamb.</p> +<p>All sang in praise of the Lamb.</p> +<p>The Lamb wore white weeds.</p> +<p>A wide wound was seen near his breast.</p> +<p>Joy was in his looks.</p> +<p>The father perceives his little queen.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#pearl_XIX">XIX.</a></h5> + +<p>Great delight takes possession of his mind.</p> +<p>He attempts to cross the stream.</p> +<p>It was not pleasing to the Lord.</p> +<p>The dreamer awakes, and is in great sorrow.</p> +<p>He addresses his pearl; laments his rash curiosity.</p> +<p>Men desire more than they have any right to expect.</p> +<p>The good Christian knows how to make peace with God.</p> +<p>God give us grace to be his servants!</p> + + +<h4><a name="side_clean" id="side_clean"> +<i>Cleanness</i>: Sidenotes</a></h4> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#clean_I">I.</a></h5> + +<p>Cleanness discloses fair forms.</p> +<p>God is angry with the unclean worshipper, and with false priests.</p> +<p>The pure worshipper receives great reward.</p> +<p>The impure will bring upon them the anger of God, Who is pure and +holy.</p> +<p>It would be a marvel if God did not hate evil.</p> +<p>Christ showed us that himself.</p> +<p>St. Matthew records the discourse.</p> +<p>The clean of heart shall look on our Lord.</p> +<p>What earthly noble, when seated at table above dukes, would like to +see a lad badly attired approach the table with “rent cockers,” his coat +torn and his toes out?</p> +<p>For any one of these he would be turned out with a “big buffet,” and +be forbidden to re-enter, and thus be ruined through his vile +clothes.</p> +<p>The parable of the “Marriage of the King’s Son.”</p> +<p>The king’s invitation.</p> +<p>Those invited begin to make excuses.</p> +<p>One had bought an estate and must go to see it.</p> +<p>Another had purchased some oxen and wished to see them “pull in the +plough.”</p> +<p>A third had married a wife and could not come.</p> +<p>The Lord was greatly displeased, and commanded his servants to invite +the wayfaring, both men and women, the better and the worse, that +hispalace might be full.</p> +<p>The servants brought in bachelors and squires.</p> +<p>When they came to the court they were well entertained.</p> +<p>The servants tell their lord that they have done his behest, and +there is still room for more guests.</p> +<p>The Lord commands them to go out into the fields, and bring in the +halt, blind, and “one-eyed.”</p> +<p>For those who denied shall not taste “one sup” to save them from +death.</p> +<p>The palace soon became full of “people of all plights.”</p> +<p>They were not all one wife’s sons, nor had they all one father.</p> +<p>The “brightest attired” had the best place.</p> +<p>Below sat those with “poor weeds.”</p> +<p>All are well entertained “with meat and minstrelsy.”</p> +<p>Each with his “mate” made him at ease.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#clean_II">II.</a></h5> + +<p>The lord of the feast goes among his guests.</p> +<p>Bids them be merry.</p> +<p>On the floor he finds one not arrayed for a holyday.</p> +<p>Asks him how he obtained entrance, and how he was so bold as to +appear in such rags.</p> +<p>Does he take him to be a harlot?</p> +<p>The man becomes discomfited.</p> +<p>He is unable to reply.</p> +<p>The lord commands him to be bound, and cast into a deep dungeon.</p> +<p>This feast is likened to the kingdom of heaven, to which all are +invited.</p> +<p>See that thy weeds are clean.</p> +<p>Thy weeds are thy works that thou hast wrought.</p> +<p>For many faults may a man forfeit bliss.</p> +<p>For sloth and pride he is thrust into the devil’s throat.</p> +<p>He is ruined by covetousness, perjury, murder, theft, and strife.</p> +<p>For robbery and ribaldry, for preventing marriages, and supporting +the wicked, for treason, treachery, and tyranny, man may lose eternal +bliss.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#clean_III">III.</a></h5> + +<p>The high Prince of all is displeased with those who work +wickedly.</p> +<p>For the first fault the devil committed, he felt God’s vengeance.</p> +<p>He, the fairest of all angels, forsook his sovereign, and boasted +that his throne should be as high as God’s.</p> +<p>For these words he was cast down to hell.</p> +<p>The fiends fell from heaven, like the thick snow, for forty days.</p> +<p>From heaven to hell the shower lasted.</p> +<p>The devil would not make peace with God.</p> +<p>Affliction makes him none the better.</p> +<p>For the fault of one, vengeance alighted upon all men.</p> +<p>Adam was ordained to live in bliss.</p> +<p>Through Eve he ate an apple.</p> +<p>Thus all his descendants became poisoned.</p> +<p>A maiden brought a remedy for mankind.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#clean_IV">IV.</a></h5> + +<p>Malice was merciless.</p> +<p>A race of men came into the world, the fairest, the merriest, and the +strongest that ever were created.</p> +<p>They were sons of Adam.</p> +<p>No law was laid upon them.</p> +<p>Nevertheless they acted unnaturally.</p> +<p>The “<i>fiends</i>” beheld how fair were the daughters of these +mighty men, and made fellowship with them and begat a race of +giants.</p> +<p>The greatest fighter was reckoned the most famous.</p> +<p>The Creater of all becomes exceedingly wroth.</p> +<p>Fell anger touches His heart.</p> +<p>It repents Him that He has made man.</p> +<p>He declares that all flesh shall be destroyed, both man and +beast.</p> +<p>There was at this time living on the earth a very righteous man: Noah +was his name.</p> +<p>Three bold sons he had.</p> +<p>God in great anger speaks to Noah.</p> +<p>Declares that He will destroy all “that life has.”</p> +<p>Commands him to make “a mansion” with dwellings for wild and +tame.</p> +<p>To let the ark be three hundred cubits in length, and fifty in +breadth, and thirty in height, and a window in it a cubit square.</p> +<p>Also a good shutting door in the side, together with halls, recesses, +bushes, and bowers, and well-formed pens.</p> +<p>For all flesh shall be destroyed, except Noah and his family.</p> +<p>Noah is told to take into the ark seven pairs of every clean beast, +and one of unclean kind, and to furnish the ark with proper food.</p> +<p>Noah fills the ark.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#clean_V">V.</a></h5> + +<p>God asks Noah whether all is ready.</p> +<p>Noah replies that all is fully prepared.</p> +<p>He is commanded to enter the ark, for God tells him that he will send +a rain to destroy all flesh.</p> +<p>Noah stows all safely in the ark.</p> +<p>Seven days are passed.</p> +<p>The deep begins to swell, banks are broken down, and the clouds +burst.</p> +<p>It rains for forty days, and the flood rises, and flows over the +woods and fields.</p> +<p>All must drown.</p> +<p>The water enters the houses.</p> +<p>Each woman with her bairns flees to the hills.</p> +<p>The rain never ceases.</p> +<p>The valleys are filled.</p> +<p>People flock to the mountains.</p> +<p>Some swim for their lives.</p> +<p>Others roar for fear.</p> +<p>Animals of all kinds run to the hills.</p> +<p>All pray for mercy.</p> +<p>God’s mercy is passed from them.</p> +<p>Each sees that he must sink.</p> +<p>Friends take leave of one another.</p> +<p>Forty days have gone by, and all are destroyed.</p> +<p>All rot in the mud, except Noah and his family, who are safe in the +ark.</p> +<p>The ark is lifted as high as the clouds, and is driven about, without +mast, bowline, cables, anchors, or sail to guide its course.</p> +<p>At the mercy of the winds.</p> +<p>Oft it rolled around and reared on end.</p> +<p>The age of the patriarch Noah.</p> +<p>Duration of the flood.</p> +<p>The completeness of the destruction.</p> +<p>God remembers those in the ark.</p> +<p>He causes a wind to blow, and closes the lakes and wells, and the +great deep.</p> +<p>The ark settles on Mount Ararat.</p> +<p>Noah beholds the bare earth.</p> +<p>He opens his window and sends out the raven to seek dry land.</p> +<p>The raven “croaks for comfort” on finding carrion.</p> +<p>He fills his belly with the foul flesh.</p> +<p>The lord of the ark curses the raven, and sends out the dove.</p> +<p>The bird wanders about the whole day.</p> +<p>Finding no rest, she returns about eventide to Noah.</p> +<p>Noah again sends out the dove.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#clean_VI">VI.</a></h5> + +<p>The dove returns with an olive branch in her beak.</p> +<p>This was a token of peace and reconciliation.</p> +<p>Joy reigns in the ark.</p> +<p>The people therein laugh and look thereout.</p> +<p>God permits Noah and his sons to leave the ark.</p> +<p>Noah offers sacrifice to God.</p> +<p>It is pleasing to Him that “all speeds or spoils.”</p> +<p>God declares that He will never destroy the world for the sin of +man.</p> +<p>That summer and winter shall never cease.</p> +<p>Nor night nor day, nor the new years.</p> +<p>God blesses every beast.</p> +<p>Each fowl takes its flight.</p> +<p>Each fish goes to the flood.</p> +<p>Each beast makes for the plain.</p> +<p>Wild worms wriggle to their abodes in the earth.</p> +<p>The fox goes to the woods.</p> +<p>Harts to the heath, and hares to the gorse.</p> +<p>Lions and leopards go to the lakes.</p> +<p>Eagles and hawks to the high rocks.</p> +<p>The four ‘frekes’ take the empire.</p> +<p>Behold what woe God brought on mankind for their hateful deeds!</p> +<p>Beware of the filth of the flesh.</p> +“One speck of a spot” will ruin us in the sight of God. +<p>The beryl is clean and sound,—it has no seam.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#clean_VII">VII.</a></h5> + +<p>When God repented that he had made man, he destroyed all flesh.</p> +<p>But afterwards He was sorry, and made a covenant with mankind that He +would not again destroy all the living.</p> +<p>For the filth of the flesh God destroyed a rich city.</p> +<p>God hates the wicked as “hell that stinks.”</p> +<p>Especially harlotry and blasphemy.</p> +<p>Nothing is hidden from God.</p> +<p>God is the ground of all deeds.</p> +<p>He honours the man that is honest and whole.</p> +<p>But for deeds of shame He destroys the mighty ones.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#clean_VIII">VIII.</a></h5> + +<p>Abraham is sitting before his house-door under a green oak.</p> +<p>He sees three men coming along, and goes toward them.</p> +<p>He entreats them to rest awhile, that he may wash their feet, and +bring them a morsel of bread.</p> +<p>Abraham commands Sarah to make some cakes quickly, and tells his +servant to seethe a tender kid.</p> +<p>Abraham appears bare-headed before his guests.</p> +<p>He casts a clean cloth on the green, and sets before them cakes, +butter, milk, and pottage.</p> +<p>God praises his friend’s feast, and after the meat is removed, He +tells Abraham that Sarah shall bear him a son.</p> +<p>Sarah, who is behind the door, laughs in unbelief.</p> +<p>God tells Abraham that Sarah laughs at His words.</p> +<p>Sarah denies that she laughed.</p> +<p>Abraham’s guests set out towards Sodom, two miles from Mamre.</p> +<p>The patriarch accompanies them.</p> +<p>God determines to reveal to Abraham his secret purposes.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#clean_IX">IX.</a></h5> + +<p>He informs him of the destruction about to fall upon the cities of +the plain, for their great wickedness, in abusing the gifts bestowed +upon them.</p> +<p>The ordinance of marriage had been made for them, but they foully set +it at nought.</p> +<p>The flame of love.</p> +<p>Therefore shall they be destroyed as an example to all men for +ever.</p> +<p>Abraham is full of fear, and asks God whether the “sinful and the +sinless” are to suffer together.</p> +<p>Whether he will spare the cities provided fifty righteous are found +in them?</p> +<p>For the sake of fifty the cities shall be spared.</p> +<p>The patriarch beseeches God to spare the city for the sake of +forty-five righteous.</p> +<p>For the lack of five the cities shall not be destroyed.</p> +<p>For forty the cities shall be spared.</p> +<p>Abraham entreats God’s forbearance for his speech.</p> +<p>Thirty righteous, found in the cities, shall save them from +destruction.</p> +<p>For the sake of twenty guiltless ones God will release the rest.</p> +<p>Or if ten only should be found pure.</p> +<p>The patriarch intercedes for Lot.</p> +<p>Beseeches Him to “temper His ire,” and then departs weeping for +sorrow.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#clean_X">X.</a></h5> + +<p>God’s messengers go to Sodom.</p> +<p>Lot is sitting alone at the “door of his lodge.”</p> +<p>Staring into the street he sees two men.</p> +<p>Beardless chins they had, and hair like raw silk.</p> +<p>Beautifully white were their weeds.</p> +<p>Lot runs to meet them.</p> +<p>Invites them to remain awhile in his house, and in the morning they +may take their way.</p> +<p>Lot invites them so long that at last they comply.</p> +<p>The wife and daughters of Lot welcome their visitors.</p> +<p>Lot admonishes his men to prepare the meat, and to serve no salt with +it.</p> +<p>Lot’s wife disregards the injunction.</p> +<p>The guests are well entertained.</p> +<p>But before they go to rest the city is up in arms.</p> +<p>With “keen clubs” the folk clatter on the walls, and demand that Lot +should deliver up his guests.</p> +<p>The wind yet stinks with their filthy speech.</p> +<p>Lot is in great trouble.</p> +<p>He leaves his guests and addresses the Sodomites.</p> +<p>He offers to give up to them his two daughters.</p> +<p>The rebels raise a great noise, and ask who made him a justice to +judge their deeds, who was but a boy when he came to Sodom.</p> +<p>The young men bring Lot within doors, and smite those outside with +blindness.</p> +<p>In vain they try to find the door of Lot’s house.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#clean_XI">XI.</a></h5> + +<p>Early in the morning the angels command Lot to depart from Sodom, +with his wife and two daughters, and to look straight before him, for +Sodom and Gomorrah shall be destroyed.</p> +<p>Lot asks what is best to be done, that he may escape.</p> +<p>He is told to choose himself a dwelling which shall be saved from +destruction.</p> +<p>He chooses Zoar.</p> +<p>The angels command Lot to depart quickly.</p> +<p>He wakes his wife and daughters.</p> +<p>All four are hastened on by the angels, who “preach to them the +peril” of delay.</p> +<p>Before daylight Lot comes to a hill.</p> +<p>God aloft raises a storm.</p> +<p>A rain falls thick of fire and sulphur.</p> +<p>Upon the four cities it comes, and frightens all folks therein.</p> +<p>The great bars of the abyss do burst.</p> +<p>Cliffs cleave asunder.</p> +<p>The cities sink to hell.</p> +<p>Such a cry arises that the clouds clatter again.</p> +<p>Lot and his companions are frightened, but continue to follow their +face.</p> +<p>Lot’s wife looks behind her, and is turned to a stiff stone “as salt +as any sea.”</p> +<p>Her companions do not miss her till they reach Zoar.</p> +<p>By this time all were drowned.</p> +<p>The people of Zoar, for dread, rush into the sea and are +destroyed.</p> +<p>Only Zoar with three therein (Lot and his daughters) are saved.</p> +<p>Lot’s wife is an image of salt for two faults:</p> +<div class="inset"> +<p>1. She served salt before the Lord at supper.</p> +<p>2. She looked behind her.</p> +</div> +<p>Abraham is up full early on the morn.</p> +<p>He looks towards Sodom, now only a pit filled with pitch, from which +rise smoke, ashes and cinders, as from a furnace.</p> +<p>A sea now occupies the place of the four cities.</p> +<p>It is a stinking pool, and is called the Dead Sea.</p> +<p>Nothing may live in it.</p> +<p>Lead floats on its surface.</p> +<p>A feather sinks to the bottom of it.</p> +<p>Lands, watered by this sea, never bear grass or weed.</p> +<p>A man cannot be drowned in it.</p> +<p>The clay clinging to it is corrosive, as alum, alkaran, sulphur, +etc., which fret the flesh and fester the bones.</p> +<p>On the shores of this lake grow trees bearing fair fruits, which, +when broken or bitten, taste like ashes.</p> +<p>All these are tokens of wickedness and vengeance.</p> +<p>God loves the pure in heart.</p> +<p>Strive to be clean.</p> +<p>Jean de Meun tells how a lady is to be loved.</p> +<p>By doing what pleases her best.</p> +<p>Love thy Lord!</p> +<p>Conform to Christ, who is polished as a pearl.</p> +<p>By how comely a contrivance did he enter the womb of the virgin!</p> +<p>In what purity did he part from her!</p> +<p>No abode was better than his.</p> +<p>The sorrow of childbirth was turned to joy.</p> +<p>Angels solaced the virgin with organs and pipes.</p> +<p>The child Christ was so clean that ox and ass worshipped him.</p> +<p>He hated wickedness, and would never touch ought that was vile.</p> +<p>Yet there came to him lazars and lepers, lame and blind.</p> +<p>Dry and dropsical folk.</p> +<p>He healed all with kind speech.</p> +<p>His handling was so good, that he needed no knife to cut or carve +with.</p> +<p>The bread he broke more perfectly than could all the tools of +Toulouse.</p> +<p>How can we approach his court except we be clean?</p> +<p>God is merciful.</p> +<p>Through penance we may shine as a pearl.</p> +<p>Why is the pearl so prized?</p> +<p>She becomes none the worse for wear.</p> +<p>If she should become dim, wash her in wine.</p> +<p>She then becomes clearer than before.</p> +<p>So may the sinner polish him by penance.</p> +<p>Beware of returning to sin.</p> +<p>For then God is more displeased than ever.</p> +<p>The reconciled soul God holds as His own.</p> +<p>Ill deeds rob Him of it.</p> +<p>God forbids us to defile any vessels used in His service.</p> +<p>In Belshazzar’s time, the defiling of God’s vessels brought wrath +upon the king.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#clean_XII">XII.</a></h5> + +<p>Daniel in his prophecies tells of the destruction of the Jews.</p> +<p>For their unfaithfulness in following other gods, God allowed the +heathen to destroy them, in the reign of Zedekiah, who practised +idolatry.</p> +<p>Nebuchadnezzar becomes his foe.</p> +<p>He besieges Jerusalem, and surrounds the walls.</p> +<p>The city is stuffed full of men.</p> +<p>Brisk is the skirmish.</p> +<p>Seven times a day are the gates assailed.</p> +<p>For two years the fight goes on, yet the city is not taken.</p> +<p>The folk within are in want of food.</p> +<p>Meager they become.</p> +<p>For so shut up are they that escape seems impossible.</p> +<p>But on a quiet night they steal out, and rush through the host.</p> +<p>They are discovered by the enemy.</p> +<p>A loud alarm is given.</p> +<p>They are pursued and overtaken.</p> +<p>Their king is made prisoner.</p> +<p>His chief men are presented as prisoners to Nebuchadnezzar.</p> +<p>His sons are slain.</p> +<p>His own eyes are put out.</p> +<p>He is placed in a dungeon in Babylon.</p> +<p>All for his “bad bearing” against the Lord, who might otherwise have +been his friend.</p> +<p>Nebuchadnezzar ceased not until he had destroyed Jerusalem.</p> +<p>Nebuzaradan was “chief of the chivalry.”</p> +<p>The best men were taken out of the city.</p> +<p>Nevertheless Nebuzaradan spared not those left.</p> +<p>Brains of bairns were spilt.</p> +<p>Priests pressed to death.</p> +<p>Wives and wenches foully killed.</p> +<p>All that escaped the sword were taken to Babylon, and were made to +drag the cart or milk the kine.</p> +<p>Nebuzaradan burst open the temple, and slew those therein.</p> +<p>Priests, pulled by the poll, were slain along with deacons, clerks, +and maidens.</p> +<p>The enemy pillages the temple of its pillars of brass, and the golden +candlestick from off the altar.</p> +<p>Goblets, basins, golden dishes, all are taken by Nebuzaradan, and +hampered together.</p> +<p>Solomon had made them with much labour.</p> +<p>The temple he beats down, and returns to Babylon.</p> +<p>Presents the prisoners to the king, among whom were Daniel and his +three companions.</p> +<p>Nebuchadnezzar has great joy, because his enemies are slain.</p> +<p>Great was his wonder when he saw the sacred jewelry.</p> +<p>He praises the God of Israel.</p> +<p>Such vessels never before came to Chaldea.</p> +<p>They are thrust into the treasury.</p> +<p>Nebuchadnezzar reigns as emperor of all the earth, through the “doom +of Daniel,” who gave him good counsel.</p> +<p>Nebuchadnezzar dies and is buried.</p> +<p>Belshazzar succeeds him.</p> +<p>He holds himself the biggest in heaven or on earth.</p> +<p>He honours not God, but worships false phantoms.</p> +<p>He promises them rewards if good fortune befal.</p> +<p>If they vex him he knocks them in pieces.</p> +<p>He has a wife, and many concubines.</p> +<p>The mind of the king was fixed upon new meats and other vain +things.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#clean_XIII">XIII.</a></h5> + +<p>Belshazzar, to exhibit his vainglory, proclaims throughout Babylon, +that all the great ones should assemble on a set day, at the Sultan’s +feast.</p> +<p>Kings, dukes, and lords were commanded to attend the court.</p> +<p>To do the king honour many nobles came to Babylon.</p> +<p>It would take too long to name the number.</p> +<p>The city of Babylon is broad and big.</p> +<p>It is situated on a plain, surrounded by seven streams, a high wall, +and towers.</p> +<p>The palace was long and large, each side being seven miles in +length.</p> +<p>High houses were within the walls.</p> +<p>The time of the feast has come.</p> +<p>Belshazzar sits upon his throne: the hall floor is covered with +knights.</p> +<p>When all are seated, service begins.</p> +<p>Trumpets sound everywhere.</p> +<p>Bread is served upon silver dishes.</p> +<p>All sorts of musical instruments are heard in the hall.</p> +<p>The king, surrounded by his loves, drinks copiously of wine.</p> +<p>It gets into his head and stupifies him.</p> +<p>A cursed thought takes possession of him.</p> +<p>He commands his marshal to bring him the vessels taken from the +temple by Nebuchadnezzar, and to fill them with wine.</p> +<p>The marshal opens the chests.</p> +<p>Covers the cupboard with vessels.</p> +<p>The Jewels of Jerusalem deck the sides of the hall.</p> +<p>The altar and crown, blessed by bishop’s hands, and anointed with the +blood of beasts, are set before the bold Belshazzar.</p> +<p>Upon this altar were noble vessels curiously carved, basins of gold, +cups arrayed like castles with battlements, and towers with lofty +pinnacles.</p> +<p>Upon them were pourtrayed branches and leaves, the flowers of which +were white pearls, and the fruit flaming gems.</p> +<p>The goblets were ornamented with flowers of gold.</p> +<p>The candlestick was brought in, with its pillars of brass, and +ornamental boughs, upon which sat birds of various hues.</p> +<p>Lights shone bright from the candlestick, which once stood before the +“Holy of Holies.”</p> +<p>The pollution of the sacred vessels is displeasing to God.</p> +<p>For “a boaster on bench” drinks from them till he is as “drunken as +the devil.”</p> +<p>God is very angry.</p> +<p>Before harming the revellers He sends them a warning.</p> +<p>Belshazzar commands the sacred vessels to be filled with wine.</p> +<p>The cups and bowls are soon filled.</p> +<p>Music of all kind is heard in the hall.</p> +<p>Dukes, princes, concubines, and knights, all are merry.</p> +<p>Drinking of the sweet liquors they ask favours of their gods, who, +although dumb, are as highly praised “as if heaven were theirs.”</p> +<p>A marvel befals the feasters.</p> +<p>The king first saw it.</p> +<p>Upon the plain wall, “a palm with pointel in fingers” is seen +writing.</p> +<p>The bold Belshazzar becomes frightened.</p> +<p>His knees knock together.</p> +<p>He roars for dread, still beholding the hand, as it wrote on the +rough wall.</p> +<p>The hand vanishes but the letters remain.</p> +<p>The king recovers his speech and sends for the “book-learned;” but +none of the scholars were wise enough to read it.</p> +<p>Belshazzar is nearly mad.</p> +<p>Commands the city to be searched throughout for the “wise of +witchcraft.”</p> +<p>He who expounds the strange letters, shall be clothed in “gowns of +purple.”</p> +<p>A collar of gold shall encircle his throat.</p> +<p>He shall be the third lord in the realm.</p> +<p>As soon as this cry was upcast, to the hall came clerks out of +Chaldea, witches and diviners, sorcerers and exorcists.</p> +<p>But after looking on the letters they were as ignorant as if they had +looked into the leather of the left boot.</p> +<p>The king curses them all and calls them churls.</p> +<p>He orders the harlots to be hanged.</p> +<p>The queen hears the king chide.</p> +<p>She inquires the cause.</p> +<p>Goes to the king, kneels before him, and asks why he has rent his +robes for grief, when there is one that has the Spirit of God, the +counsellor of Nebuchadnezzar, the interpreter of his dreams, through the +holy Spirit of God.</p> +<p>The name of this man is Daniel, who was brought a captive from +Judæa.</p> +<p>The queen tells the king to send for Daniel.</p> +<p>Her counsel is accepted.</p> +<p>Daniel comes before Belshazzar.</p> +<p>The king tells him that he has heard of his wisdom, and his power to +discover hidden things, and that he wants to know the meaning of the +writing on the wall.</p> +<p>Promises him, if he can explain the text of the letters and their +interpretation, to clothe him in purple and pall, and put a ring about +his neck, and to make him “a baron upon bench.”</p> +<p>Daniel addresses the king, and reminds him how that God supported his +father, and gave him power to exalt or abase whomsoever he pleased.</p> +<p>Nebuchadnezzar was established on account of his faith in God.</p> +<p>So long as he remained true, no man was greater.</p> +<p>But at last pride touches his heart.</p> +<p>He forgets the power of God, and blasphemes His name.</p> +<p>He says that he is “god of the ground,” and the builder of +Babylon.</p> +<p>Hardly had Nebuchadnezzar spoken, when God’s voice is heard, saying, +“Thy principality is departed.</p> +<p>Thou, removed from men, must abide on the moor, and walk with wild +beasts, eat herbs, and dwell with wolves and asses.”</p> +<p>For his pride he becomes an outcast.</p> +<p>He believes himself to be a bull or an ox.</p> +<p>Goes “on all fours,” like a cow, for seven summers.</p> +<p>His thighs grew thick.</p> +<p>His hair became matted and thick, from the shoulders to the toes.</p> +<p>His beard touched the earth.</p> +<p>His brows were like briars.</p> +<p>His eyes were hollow, and grey as the kite’s.</p> +<p>Eagle-hued he was.</p> +<p>At last he recovered his “wit,” and believed in God.</p> +<p>Then soon was he restored to his seat.</p> +<p>But thou, Belshazzar, hast disregarded these signs, and hast +blasphemed the Lord, defiled his vessels, filling them with wine for thy +wenches, and praising thy lifeless gods.</p> +<p>For this sin God has sent thee this strange sight, the fist with the +fingers writing on the wall.</p> +<p>These are the words: “Mene, Tekel, Peres.</p> +<div class="inset"> +<p>Mene.— God has counted thy kingdom and finished it.</p> +<p>Tekel.—Thy reign is weighed and is found wanting in deeds of +faith.</p> +<p>Peres.— Thy kingdom is divided, and given to the Persians.</p> +</div> +<p>The Medes shall be masters here.”</p> +<p>The king commands Daniel to be clothed in a frock of fine cloth.</p> +<p>Soon is he arrayed in purple, with a chain about his neck.</p> +<p>A decree is made, that all should bow to him, as the third lord that +followed Belshazzar.</p> +<p>The decree was made known, and all were glad.</p> +<p>The day, however, past.</p> +<p>Night came on.</p> +<p>Before another day dawned, Daniel’s words were fulfilled.</p> +<p>The feast lasts till the sun falls.</p> +<p>The skies become dark.</p> +<p>Each noble hies home to his supper.</p> +<p>Belshazzar is carried to bed, but never rises from it, for his foes +are seeking to destroy his land, and are assembled suddenly.</p> +<p>The enemy is Darius, leader of the Medes.</p> +<p>He has legions of armed men.</p> +<p>Under cover of the darkness, they cross the river.</p> +<p>By means of ladders they get upon the walls, and within an hour enter +the city, without disturbing any of the watch.</p> +<p>They run into the palace, and raise a great cry.</p> +<p>Men are slain in their beds.</p> +<p>Belshazzar is beaten to death, and caught by the heels, is foully +cast into a ditch.</p> +<p>Darius is crowned king, and makes peace with the barons.</p> +<p>Thus the land was lost for the king’s sin.</p> +<p>He was cursed for his uncleanness, and deprived of his honour, as +well as of the joys of heaven.</p> +<p>Thus in three ways has it been shown, that uncleanness makes God +angry.</p> +<p>Cleanness is His comfort.</p> +<p>The seemly shall see his face.</p> +<p>God give us grace to serve in His sight!</p> + + +<h4><a name="side_patience" id="side_patience"> +<i>Patience</i>: Sidenotes</a></h4> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#patience_I">I.</a></h5> + +<p>Patience is often displeasing, but it assuages heavy hearts, and +quenches malice.</p> +<p>Happiness follows sorrow.</p> +<p>It is better to suffer than to be angry.</p> +<p>Matthew tells us of the promises made by Christ: Blessed are the +poor, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.</p> +<p>Blessed are the meek, for they shall “wield the world.”</p> +<p>Blessed are the mourners, for they shall be comforted.</p> +<p>Blessed are the hungry, for they shall be filled.</p> +<p>Blessed are the merciful, for mercy shall be their reward.</p> +<p>Blessed are the clean of heart, for they shall see the Saviour.</p> +<p>Blessed are the peace-makers, for they shall be called God’s +sons.</p> +<p>Blessed are they that live aright, for theirs is the kingdom of +heaven.</p> +<p>These blessings are promised to those who follow poverty, pity, +penance, meekness, mercy, chastity, peace and patience.</p> +<p>Poverty and patience are to be treated together.</p> +<p>They are “fettled in one form,” and have one meed.</p> +<p>Poverty will dwell where she lists, and man must needs suffer.</p> +<p>Poverty and patience are play-fellows.</p> +<p>What avails impatience, if God send affliction?</p> +<p>Patience is best.</p> +<p>Did not Jonah incur danger by his folly?</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#patience_II">II.</a></h5> + +<p>Jonah was a prophet of the gentiles.</p> +<p>God’s word came to him, saying, “Rise quickly, take the way to +Nineveh.</p> +<p>Say that which I shall put in thine heart.</p> +<p>Wickedness dwells in that city.</p> +<p>Go swiftly and carry my message.”</p> +<p>Jonah is full of wrath.</p> +<p>He is afraid that the shrews will put him in the stocks, or put out +his eyes.</p> +<p>He thinks that God desires his death.</p> +<p>He determines not to go near the city, but fly to Tarshish.</p> +<p>Grumbling, he goes to port Joppa.</p> +<p>He says that God will not be able to protect him.</p> +<p>Jonah reaches the port, finds a ship ready to sail.</p> +<p>The seamen catch up the cross-sail, fasten the cables, weigh their +anchors, and spread sail.</p> +<p>A gentle wind wafts the ship along.</p> +<p>Was never a Jew so joyful as was Jonah then.</p> +<p>He has, however, put himself in peril, in fleeing from God.</p> +<p>The words of David.</p> +<p>Does He not hear, who made all ears?</p> +<p>He is not blind that formed each eye.</p> +<p>Jonah is now in no dread.</p> +<p>He is, however, soon overtaken.</p> +<p>The wielder of all things has devices at will.</p> +<p>He commands Eurus and Aquilo to blow.</p> +<p>The winds blow obedient to His word.</p> +<p>Out of the north-east the noise begins.</p> +<p>Storms arose, winds wrestled together, the waves rolled high, and +never rested.</p> +<p>Then was Jonah joyless.</p> +<p>The boat reeled around.</p> +<p>The gear became out of order.</p> +<p>Ropes and mast were broken.</p> +<p>A loud cry is raised, Many a lad labours to lighten the ship.</p> +<p>They throw overboard their bags and feather beds.</p> +<p>But still the wind rages, and the waves become wilder.</p> +<p>Each man calls upon his god.</p> +<p>Some called upon Vernagu, Diana, and Neptune, to the sun and to the +moon.</p> +<p>Then said one of the sailors: “Some lawless wretch, that has grieved +his God, is in the ship.</p> +<p>I advise that we lay lots upon each man.</p> +<p>When the guilty is gone the tempest may cease.”</p> +<p>This is agreed to.</p> +<p>All are assembled, from all corners of the ship, save Jonah the Jew, +who had fled into the bottom of the boat.</p> +<p>There he falls asleep.</p> +<p>Soon he is aroused, and brought on board.</p> +<p>Full roughly is he questioned.</p> +<p>The lot falls upon Jonah.</p> +<p>Then quickly they said: “What the devil hast thou done, doted +wretch?</p> +<p>What seekest thou on the sea?</p> +<p>Hast thou no God to call upon?</p> +<p>Of what land art thou?</p> +<p>Thou art doomed for thy ill deeds.”</p> +<p>Jonah says: “I am a Hebrew, a worshipper of the world’s Creator.</p> +<p>All this mischief is caused by me, therefore cast me overboard.”</p> +<p>He proves to them that he was guilty.</p> +<p>The mariners are exceedingly frightened.</p> +<p>They try to make way with their oars, but their endeavours are +useless.</p> +<p>Jonah must be doomed to death.</p> +<p>They pray to God, that they may not shed innocent blood.</p> +<p>Jonah is cast overboard.</p> +<p>The tempest ceases and the sea settles.</p> +<p>The stiff streams drive the ship about.</p> +<p>At last they reach a bank.</p> +<p>The seamen thank God, and perform solemn vows.</p> +<p>Jonah is in great dread.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#patience_III">III.</a></h5> + +<p>Jonah is shoved from the ship.</p> +<p>A wild whale swims by the boat.</p> +<p>He opens his swallow, and seizes the prophet.</p> +<p>It is not to be wondered at that Jonah suffered woe.</p> +<p>The prophet is without hope.</p> +<p>Cold was his comfort.</p> +<p>Jonah was only a mote in the whale’s jaws.</p> +<p>He entered in by the gills, and by means of one of the intestines of +the fish, came into a space as large as a hall.</p> +<p>The prophet fixes his feet firmly in the belly of the whale.</p> +<p>He searches into every nook of its navel.</p> +<p>The prophet calls upon God.</p> +<p>He cries for mercy.</p> +<p>He sits safely in a recess, in a bowel of the beast, for three days +and three nights.</p> +<p>The whale passes through many a rough region.</p> +<p>Jonah makes the whale feel sick.</p> +<p>The prophet prays to God in this wise:</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#patience_IV">IV.</a></h5> + +<p>“Lord! to thee have I cried out of hell’s womb.</p> +<p>Thou dippedst me in the sea.</p> +<p>Thy great floods passed over me.</p> +<p>The streams drive over me.</p> +<p>I am cast out from thy sight.</p> +<p>The abyss binds me.</p> +<p>The rushing waves play on my head.</p> +<p>Thou possessest my life.</p> +<p>In my anguish I remembered my God, and besought His pity.</p> +<p>When I am delivered from this danger, I will obey thy commands.”</p> +<p>God speaks fiercely to the whale, and he vomits out the prophet on a +dry space.</p> +<p>Jonah has need to wash his clothes.</p> +<p>God’s word comes to the prophet.</p> +<p>He is told to preach in Nineveh.</p> +<p>By night Jonah reaches the city.</p> +<p>Nineveh was a very great city.</p> +<p>Jonah delivers his message; “Yet forty days and Nineveh shall come to +an end.</p> +<p>It shall be turned upside down, and swallowed quickly by the black +earth.”</p> +<p>This speech spreads throughout the city.</p> +<p>Great fear seizes all.</p> +<p>The people mourn secretly, clothe themselves in sackcloth, and cast +ashes upon their heads.</p> +<p>The message reaches the ears of the king.</p> +<p>He rends his robes, clothes himself in sackloth, and mourns in the +dust.</p> +<p>He issues a decree, that all in the city, men, beasts, women and +children, prince, priest, and prelates, should fast for their sins.</p> +<p>Children are to be weaned from the breast.</p> +<p>The ox is to have no hay, nor the horse any water.</p> +<p>Who can tell if God will have mercy?</p> +<p>Though He is mighty, He is merciful, and may forgive us our +guilt.</p> +<p>All believed and repented.</p> +<p>God forgave them through his goodness.</p> + +<h5><a href="poems.html#patience_V">V.</a></h5> + +<p>Much sorrow settles upon Jonah.</p> +<p>He becomes very angry.</p> +<p>He prays to God and says: “Was not this my saying, when Thy message +reached me in my own country?</p> +<p>I knew Thy great goodness, Thy long-suffering, and Thy mercy.</p> +<p>I knew these men might make their peace with Thee, therefore I fled +unto Tarshish.</p> +<p>Take my life from me, O Lord!</p> +<p>It is better for me to die than live.”</p> +<p>God upbraids Jonah, saying: “Is this right to be so wroth?”</p> +<p>Jonah, jangling, uprises, and makes himself a bower, of hay and +ever-fern, to shield him from the sun.</p> +<p>He slept heavily all night.</p> +<p>God prepared a woodbine.</p> +<p>Jonah awakes, and is exceedingly glad of the bower.</p> +<p>The prophet, under its gracious leaves, is protected from the sun’s +rays.</p> +<p>Jonah wishes he had such a lodge in his own country.</p> +<p>God prepared a worm, that made the woodbine wither.</p> +<p>Jonah awakes and finds his woodbine destroyed.</p> +<p>The leaves were all faded.</p> +<p>The sun beat upon the head of Jonah.</p> +<p>He is exceedingly angry, and prays God that he may die.</p> +<p>God rebukes the prophet.</p> +“Dost thou well,” He says, “to be angry for the gourd?” +<p>Jonah replies, “I would I were dead.”</p> +<p>God asks if it is to be wondered at that He should help His handy +work.</p> +<p>Is not Jonah angry that his woodbine is destroyed, which cost him no +labour?</p> +<p>God is not to be blamed for taking pity upon people that He made.</p> +<p>Should He destroy Nineveh the sorrow of such a sweet place would sink +to His heart.</p> +<p>In the city there are little bairns who have done no wrong.</p> +<p>And there are others who cannot discern between their right hand and +their left hand.</p> +<p>There are also dumb beasts in the city incapable of sinning.</p> +<p>Judgment must be tempered with mercy.</p> +<p>He that is too hasty to rend his clothes must afterwards sit with +worse ones to sew them together.</p> +<p>Poverty and pain must be endured.</p> +<p>Patience is a noble point, though it displeases oft.</p> + +</div> +<!-- end div sidenotes --> + +<div class="endnote"> +<h4><a name="endnote" id="endnote">Text and Layout</a></h4> + +<p>The text is intended to replicate the layout of the printed book as +closely as possible.</p> + +<p><b>Headnotes</b>, printed at the top of each page, have been moved to +the most appropriate sentence break. Some shorter headnote pairs may be +merged into one. <b>Sidenotes</b> giving plot summary are placed close +to their original location.</p> + +<p>The <b>Notes</b> were originally printed as a short (12 pages) +section before the Glossarial Index. For this e-text they have been +distributed among their respective texts. Links to the Notes are +intended to be visible but not distracting.</p> + +<p><b>Text-Critical Notes</b> such as variant readings have been handled +differently than in the printed book, where they appeared either as +footnotes (numbered) or sidenotes (sometimes but not always marked). +Here, the word they refer to is <span class="texttag">underlined</span> if necessary, and the note itself will +generally have this form:</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<i>leak</i>] the <i>t</i> of the MS. has a <i>k</i> over it.</p> + +<p>Where a single word has both an endnote and a marginal note, the link +to the endnote is shown.</p> + +<hr class="small"> + +<p><a name="endnoteA" id="endnoteA" href="#endtagA">A.</a> +An unusual typographical error, shown with beginnings of adjoining +lines:</p> + +<p class="inset"> +<img src="images/page_xl.png" width="170" height="78" +alt="page image"></p> + +<hr class="small"> + +<p class="center"> +<a href="#start">Back to Top</a><br> +<a href="#preface">Preface</a><br> +<a href="poems.html#pearl"><i>The Pearl</i></a> (<i>separate +file</i>)<br> +<a href="poems.html#cleanness"><i>Cleanness</i></a> (<i>separate +file</i>)<br> +<a href="poems.html#patience"><i>Patience</i></a> (<i>separate +file</i>)<br> +<a href="glossary.html">Glossarial Index</a> (<i>separate +file</i>)<br> +<a href="#sidenotes">Sidenotes</a><br> +</p> +</div> + +</div> +<!-- end div maintext --> + +</body> +</html> diff --git a/30282-h/poems.html b/30282-h/poems.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..208842b --- /dev/null +++ b/30282-h/poems.html @@ -0,0 +1,11472 @@ +<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"> +<html> +<head> +<title>Early English Alliterative Poems: Texts</title> +<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> + +<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="allit_styles.css"> + +<style type="text/css"> + +em {font-weight: normal; font-style: normal;} /* de-italicize */ + +div.notes {padding-top: 1em;} +div.selection {margin: .5em 20% 0 10%;} + +a.noteref {color: inherit; background-color: inherit; +border-bottom: 1px solid #BBB;} + +div.selection h5 {margin-left: -15%; margin-right: 5%; +margin-bottom: .5em;} + +div.selection p {margin-top: 0; margin-left: 4em; text-indent: -4em;} +div.selection p.indent {margin-left: 5em;} +div.selection p.stanza {margin-left: 5em; margin-top: .5em;} +div.selection p.firstline {margin-top: 1em;} + +p.firstline:first-letter {font-size: 250%; line-height: .4em;} + + +/* headnotes */ + +div.selection p.headnote {margin-left: -32%; margin-top: 1em; +margin-bottom: 1em; text-indent: 0; clear: both;} +span.headnote {font-size: 80%; padding: .6em 2em .5em; +border: 1px solid #696;} + +p.headnote + h4 {margin-top: 1em;} + + +/* notes to poems */ + +table.notes td {padding-left: .5em;} +table.notes td.full {padding-left: 0;} + +table.notes p {margin-top: .25em; margin-left: .75em; +line-height: 1.2em;} +table.notes p.backset {text-indent: -.75em;} +table.notes p.float {float: left; width: 2em;} +table.notes p.float3 {float: left; width: 3em;} +table.notes p.float4 {float: left; width: 4em;} +table.notes p.float5 {float: left; width: 5em;} + +div.verse {margin: 0 0 0 5em; font-size: inherit;} +table.notes div.verse p {margin-left: 2em; text-indent: -2em; +line-height: inherit;} +table.notes div.verse p.gloss {text-indent: -3em;} +table.notes div.verse p.author {margin-left: 25%;} + +/* sidenotes */ + +span.sidenote {width: 40%; float: right; clear: right; font-size: 92%; +line-height: 1.1em; text-indent: 0; margin-top: 0; +margin-bottom: .5em; margin-right: -35%; padding-left: 1em;} + +span.sidenote.stanza {margin-top: .5em;} +span.sidenote.firstline {margin-top: 1em;} + +span.sidenote.page {text-align: right;} /* folio number */ +span.sidenote.text {width: 35%; font-size: 88%; text-indent: -.5em;} + +span.gap {letter-spacing: 2em;} + +span.pagenum {right: 95%; text-align: right;} +div.notes span.pagenum {font-style: italic;} +span.linenum {position: absolute; left: 8%; width: 10%; +text-indent: 0; font-size: 75%; padding-top: .33em;} + + +</style> + +</head> + +<body> + +<div class="maintext"> + +<div class="contents"> + +<table class="toc" summary="table of contents"> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> +<a href="main.html">Introductory Material</a> (<i>main file</i>)</td> +<td></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="3"> +<hr class="mid"> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> +<a href="#pearl">The Pearl</a></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page1">1</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset" colspan="2"> +<a href="#pearl_notes">Notes to <i>The Pearl</i></a></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page105">105</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> +<a href="#cleanness">Cleanness</a></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page37">37</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset" colspan="2"> +<a href="#clean_notes">Notes to <i>Cleanness</i></a></td> +<td class="number">[108]</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> +<a href="#patience">Patience</a></td> +<td class="number"><a href="#page89">89</a></td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td class="inset" colspan="2"> +<a href="#patience_notes">Notes to <i>Patience</i></a></td> +<td class="number">[115]</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="3"> +<hr class="mid"> +</td> +</tr> +<tr> +<td colspan="2"> +<a href="glossary.html">Glossarial Index</a> (<i>separate +file</i>)</td> +<td class="number"><a href="glossary.html#page117">117</a></td> +</tr> +</table> + +</div> + + +<span class="pagenum">1</span> +<a name="page1" id="page1"> </a> +<h3><a name="pearl" id="pearl">THE PEARL.</a></h3> + +<hr class="small"> + +<div class="selection"> +<h4><a name="pearl_I" id="pearl_I">I.</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote page firstline">[Fol. 39<i>a</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +Description of a lost pearl (<i>i.e.</i> a beloved child).</span> +<p class="firstline">Perle plesau<i>n</i>te to prynces paye,</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note2">To</a> clanly clos in +golde so clere,</p> +<p>Oute of oryent I hardyly saye,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line4" id="pearl_line4">4</a></span> +Ne proued I neu<i>er</i> her precios pere,</p> +<p>So rou<i>n</i>de, so reken in vche araye,</p> +<p>So smal, so smoþe her sydeȝ were.</p> +<p>Quere-so-eu<i>er</i> I Iugged ge<i>m</i>meȝ gaye,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line8" id="pearl_line8">8</a></span> +I sette hyr <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note8">sengeley +i<i>n</i> synglure</a>;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The father laments the loss of his pearl.</span> +<p>Allas! I leste hyr i<i>n</i> on erbere,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>yot</i>] ? <i>got.</i></span> +<p>Þurȝ gresse to grou<i>n</i>de hit fro me <span class="texttag">yot</span>;</p> +<p>I <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note11">dewyne for-dolked</a> +of luf daungere,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line12" id="pearl_line12">12</a></span> +Of þat pryuy perle w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-outen spot.</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +A FATHER VISITS HIS CHILD’S GRAVE,</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +He often visits the spot where his pearl disappeared,</span> +<p class="stanza"> +Syþen i<i>n</i> þat spote hit fro me sprange,</p> +<p>Ofte haf I wayted wyschande þat wele,</p> +<p>Þat wont watȝ whyle deuoyde my wrange,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line16" id="pearl_line16">16</a></span> +& <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note16">heuen my happe</a> +& al my hele,</p> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t dotȝ bot <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note17">þrych +my hert þrange</a>,</p> +<p>My breste in bale bot bolne & bele.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and hears a sweet song.</span> +<p>Ȝet þoȝt me neu<i>er</i> so swete a sange,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line20" id="pearl_line20">20</a></span> +As <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note20">stylle stou<i>n</i>de</a> +let to me stele,</p> +<p>For-soþe þ<i>er</i> fleten to me fele,</p> +<p>To þenke hir color so clad i<i>n</i> clot;</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>moul</i>] ? <i>mould.</i></span> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note23">O <span class="texttag">moul</span> þ<i>o</i>u marreȝ a myry mele.</a></p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line24" id="pearl_line24">24</a></span> +My p<i>r</i>iuy perle w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-outen spotte,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">2</span> +<a name="page2" id="page2"> </a> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Where the pearl was buried there he found lovely flowers.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +Þat spot of spyseȝ myȝt nedeȝ sprede,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>rot</i>] ? <i>rote.</i></span> +<p>Þer such rycheȝ to <span class="texttag">rot</span> is +ru<i>n</i>nen;</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note27">Blomeȝ blayke & blwe +& rede,</a></p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line28" id="pearl_line28">28</a></span> +Þer schyneȝ ful schyr agayn þe su<i>n</i>ne.</p> +<p>Flor & fryte may not be fede,</p> +<p>Þer hit dou<i>n</i> drof i<i>n</i> moldeȝ du<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Each blade of grass springs from a dead grain.</span> +<p>For vch gresse mot grow of grayneȝ dede,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line32" id="pearl_line32">32</a></span> +No whete were elleȝ to woneȝ wo<i>n</i>ne;</p> +<p>Of goud vche goude is ay by-go<i>n</i>ne.</p> +<p>So semly a sede moȝt fayly not,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>spry<em>n</em>gande</i>] The MS. reads <i>sprygande</i>.</span> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t <span class="texttag">spry<i>n</i>gande</span> spyceȝ vp +ne spo<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line36" id="pearl_line36">36</a></span> +Of þat p<i>re</i>cios perle wyth-outen spotte.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page stanza">[Fol. 39<i>b</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +In the high season of August the parent visits the grave of his lost +child.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +To þat spot þat I in speche expou<i>n</i></p> +<p>I entred in þat erber grene,</p> +<p>In augoste in a hyȝ seysou<i>n</i>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line40" id="pearl_line40">40</a></span> +Quen corne is coruen wyth crokeȝ kene.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Beautiful flowers covered the grave.</span> +<p>On huyle þer perle hit trendeled dou<i>n</i>,</p> +<p>Schadowed þis worteȝ ful schyre & schene</p> +<p>Gilofre, gyngure & gromylyou<i>n</i>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line44" id="pearl_line44">44</a></span> +& pyonys powdered ay by-twene.</p> +<p>Ȝif hit watȝ semly on to sene,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +From them came a delicious odour.</span> +<p>A fayr reflayr ȝet fro hit flot,</p> +<p>Þer wonys þat worþyly I wot & wene,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line48" id="pearl_line48">48</a></span> +My p<i>re</i>cio<i>us</i> perle, wyth-outen spot.</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +AND THERE FALLING ASLEEP, HE DREAMS.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +The bereaved father wrings his hands for sorrow, falls asleep upon the +flowery plot, and dreams.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +Bifore þat spot my honde I <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note49">spe<i>n</i>n[e]d</a>,</p> +<p>For care ful colde þat to me caȝt[e];</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note51">A denely dele in my hert +de<i>n</i>ned,</a></p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line52" id="pearl_line52">52</a></span> +<a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note52">Þaȝ resou<i>n</i> sette my +seluen saȝt[e].</a></p> +<p>I playned my perle þ<i>a</i>t þ<i>er</i> watȝ <a class="noteref" +href="#pearl_note53">spe<i>n</i>ned</a></p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note54">Wyth fyrte skylleȝ þat +faste faȝt[e],</a></p> +<p>Þaȝ kynde of kryst me comfort ke<i>n</i>ned,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line56" id="pearl_line56">56</a></span> +My wreched wylle i<i>n</i> wo ay wraȝte.</p> +<p>I felle vpon þat flo<i>ur</i>y flaȝt[e],</p> +<p>Suche odo<i>ur</i> to my herneȝ schot;</p> +<p>I slode vpon a slepy<i>n</i>g slaȝte,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line60" id="pearl_line60">60</a></span> +On þat p<i>re</i>c[i]os perle w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-outen spot.</p> + + +<span class="pagenum">3</span> +<a name="page3" id="page3"> </a> +<h4><a name="pearl_II" id="pearl_II">II.</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote firstline"> +In spirit he is carried to an unknown region,</span> +<p class="firstline"> +Fro spot my spyryt þer sprang i<i>n</i> space,</p> +<p>My body on balke þer bod i<i>n</i> sweuen,</p> +<p>My goste is gon in godeȝ grace,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line64" id="pearl_line64">64</a></span> +In auenture þ<i>er</i> meruayleȝ meuen;</p> +<p>I ne wyste in þis worlde quere þ<i>a</i>t hit wace,</p> +<p>Bot I knew me keste þ<i>er</i> klyfeȝ cleuen;</p> +<p>Towarde a foreste I bere þe face,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +<ins class="correction" title="text reads ‘Where’">where</ins> the +rocks and cliffs gleamed gloriously.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line68" id="pearl_line68">68</a></span> +Where rych rokkeȝ wer to dyscreuen;</p> +<p>Þe lyȝt of hem myȝt no mon leuen,</p> +<p>Þe glemande glory þat of hem gle<i>n</i>t;</p> +<p>For wern neu<i>er</i> webbeȝ þat wyȝeȝ weuen,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line72" id="pearl_line72">72</a></span> +Of half so dere adubmente.</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +HE SEES A BEAUTIFUL FOREST,</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote page stanza">[Fol. 40<i>a</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +The hill sides were decked with crystal cliffs.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +Dubbed wern alle þo downeȝ sydeȝ</p> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> crystal klyffeȝ so cler of kynde,</p> +<p>Holte-wodeȝ bryȝt aboute hem bydeȝ;</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line76" id="pearl_line76">76</a></span> +Of <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note76">bolleȝ</a> as blwe as ble +of ynde,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The leaves of the trees were like burnished silver.</span> +<p>As bornyst syluer þe lef onslydeȝ,</p> +<p>Þat þike con trylle <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note78">on +vch a tynde</a>,</p> +<p>Quen glem of glodeȝ agaynȝ hem glydeȝ,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line80" id="pearl_line80">80</a></span> +Wyth schym<i>er</i>y<i>n</i>g schene ful schrylle þay schynde.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The gravel consisted of precious pearls.</span> +<p>Þe grauayl þat on grou<i>n</i>de con grynde</p> +<p>Wern p<i>re</i>cio<i>us</i> perleȝ of oryente;</p> +<p>Þe su<i>n</i>ne bemeȝ bot blo & blynde,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line84" id="pearl_line84">84</a></span> +In respecte of þat adubbement.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +The father forgets his sorrow.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +The adubbemente of þo downeȝ dere</p> +<p>Garten my goste al greffe for-ȝete</p> +<p>So frech flauoreȝ of fryteȝ were,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line88" id="pearl_line88">88</a></span> +As fode hit con me fayre refete.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He sees birds of the most beautiful hues,</span> +<p>Fowleȝ þ<i>er</i> flowen i<i>n</i> fryth i<i>n</i> fere,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>hweȝ</i>] Or <i>hiweȝ</i>.</span> +<p>Of flau<i>m</i>bande <span class="texttag">hweȝ</span>, boþe smale +& grete,</p> +<p>Bot sytole stry<i>n</i>g & gyt<i>er</i>nere,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line92" id="pearl_line92">92</a></span> +Her <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note92">reken myrþe</a> moȝt not +retrete,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and hears their sweet melody.</span> +<p>For quen þose bryddeȝ her wyngeȝ bete</p> +<p>Þay songen wyth a swete asent;</p> + +<span class="pagenum">4</span> +<a name="page4" id="page4"> </a> + +<p>So grac[i]os gle couþe no mon gete</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line96" id="pearl_line96">96</a></span> +As here & se her adubbement.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +No tongue could describe the beauty of the forest.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +So al watȝ dubbet on dere asyse;</p> +<p>Þat fryth þer fortwne forth me fereȝ,</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note99">Þe derþe þer-of</a> for +to deuyse</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line100" id="pearl_line100">100</a></span> +Nis no wyȝ worþe þat tonge bereȝ.</p> +<p>I welke ay forth <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note101">i<i>n</i> wely wyse</a>,</p> +<p>No bonk so byg þ<i>a</i>t did me <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note102">dereȝ</a>,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +All shone like gold.</span> +<p>Þe <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note103">fyrre</a> i<i>n</i> +þe fryth þe feier con ryse,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line104" id="pearl_line104">104</a></span> +Þe playn, þe plontteȝ, þe spyse, þe pereȝ,</p> +<p>& <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note105">raweȝ & +randeȝ</a> & rych reuereȝ,</p> +<p>As fyldor fyn her b[o]nkes brent.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The dreamer arrives at the bank of a river,</span> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note107">I wan to</a> a water by +schore þat schereȝ,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line108" id="pearl_line108">108</a></span> +Lorde! dere watȝ hit adubbement!</p> + +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 40<i>b</i>.]</span> +<p class="stanza"> +The dubbemente of þo derworth depe</p> +<p>Wern bonkeȝ bene of beryl bryȝt;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +which gave forth sweet sounds.</span> +<p>Swangeande swete þe water con swepe</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line112" id="pearl_line112">112</a></span> +<a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note112">Wyth a rownande rourde +raykande aryȝt;</a></p> +<p>I<i>n</i> þe <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note113">fou<i>n</i>ce</a> þ<i>er</i> stonden stoneȝ <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note113">stepe</a>,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +In it, stones glittered like stars</span> +<p>As <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note114">glente</a> þurȝ glas +þat glowed & <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note114">glyȝt</a>,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>A</i>] ? <i>As.</i></span> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note115"><span class="texttag">A</span> stremande sterneȝ</a> quen stroþe me<i>n</i> +slepe,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +in the welkin on a winter night.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line116" id="pearl_line116">116</a></span> +Staren i<i>n</i> welkyn i<i>n</i> wynt<i>er</i> nyȝt;</p> +<p>For vche a pobbel i<i>n</i> pole þer pyȝt</p> +<p>Watȝ Emerad, saffer, oþ<i>er</i> ge<i>m</i>me gente,</p> +<p>Þat alle þe <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note119">loȝe</a> +lemed of lyȝt,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line120" id="pearl_line120">120</a></span> +So dere watȝ hit adubbeme<i>n</i>t.</p> + + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +WHICH CAUSES HIS GRIEF TO ABATE.</span></p> + +<h4><a name="pearl_III" id="pearl_III">III.</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote firstline"> +His grief abates, and he follows the course of the stream.</span> +<p class="firstline"> +The dubbeme<i>n</i>t dere of dou<i>n</i> & daleȝ,</p> +<p>Of wod & wat<i>er</i> & wlonk playneȝ,</p> +<p>Bylde in me blys, abated my baleȝ,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line124" id="pearl_line124">124</a></span> +For-didden my [dis]tresse, dystryed my payneȝ.</p> +<p>Dou<i>n</i> after a strem þat <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note125">dryȝly haleȝ</a>,</p> +<p>I bowed in blys, <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note126">bred +ful</a> my brayneȝ;</p> +<p>Þe fyrre I folȝed þose floty valeȝ,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">5</span> +<a name="page5" id="page5"> </a> + +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line128" id="pearl_line128">128</a></span> +Þe more strenghþe of ioye myn herte strayneȝ,</p> +<p>As fortune fares þ<i>er</i> as ho frayneȝ,</p> +<p>Wheþ<i>er</i> solace ho sende oþ<i>er</i> elleȝ sore,</p> +<p>Þe wyȝ, to wham her wylle ho <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note131">wayneȝ</a>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line132" id="pearl_line132">132</a></span> +<a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note132">Hytteȝ</a> to haue ay more +& more.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +No one could describe his great joy.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +More of wele watȝ i<i>n</i> þat wyse</p> +<p>Þe<i>n</i> I cowþe telle þaȝ I tom hade,</p> +<p>For vrþely herte myȝt not suffyse</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line136" id="pearl_line136">136</a></span> +To þe tenþe dole of þo gladneȝ glade;</p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +He thought that Paradise was on the opposite bank.</span> + +<p>For-þy I þoȝt þ<i>a</i>t paradyse</p> +<p>Watȝ þer oþ<i>er</i> <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note138">gayn</a> þo bonkeȝ brade;</p> +<p>I hoped þe water were a deuyse</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line140" id="pearl_line140">140</a></span> +By-twene myrþeȝ by mereȝ made,</p> +<p>By-ȝonde þe broke by slente oþ<i>er</i> slade,</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note142">I hope[de] þ<i>a</i>t +mote merked wore.</a></p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The stream was not fordable.</span> +<p>Bot þe water watȝ depe I dorst not wade</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line144" id="pearl_line144">144</a></span> +& eu<i>er</i> me longed a more & more.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page stanza">[Fol. 41<i>a</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +More and more he desires to see what is beyond the brook.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +More & more, & ȝet wel mare,</p> +<p>Me lyste to se þe broke by-ȝonde,</p> +<p>For if hit watȝ fayr þ<i>er</i> I con fare,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line148" id="pearl_line148">148</a></span> +Wel loueloker watȝ þe fyrre londe.</p> +<p>Abowte me con I <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note149">stote +& stare</a></p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note150">To fynde a forþe, faste +con I fonde,</a></p> +<span class="sidenote"> +But the way seemed difficult.</span> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note150">Bot woþeȝ mo i-wysse +þ<i>er</i> ware,</a></p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line152" id="pearl_line152">152</a></span> +Þe fyrre I stalked by þe stronde,</p> +<p>& euer me þoȝt I schulde not <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note153">wonde</a></p> +<p>For wo, þer weleȝ so wy<i>n</i>ne wore.</p> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note155">nwe</a> +note me com on honde</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The dreamer finds new marvels.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line156" id="pearl_line156">156</a></span> +Þat meued my mynde ay more & more,</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +THE FATHER SEES HIS LOST CHILD DRESSED IN WHITE ROBES.</span></p> + +<p class="stanza"> +More meruayle con my dom adau<i>n</i>t;</p> +<p>I seȝ by-ȝonde þat myry mere,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He sees a crystal cliff,</span> +<p>A crystal clyffe ful relusau<i>n</i>t,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line160" id="pearl_line160">160</a></span> +Mony ryal ray con fro hit rere;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +at the foot of which, sits a maiden clothed in glistening white.</span> +<p>At þe fote þ<i>er</i>-of þ<i>er</i> sete a fau<i>n</i>t,</p> +<p>A mayden of menske, ful debonere;</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note163">Blysnande whyt</a> watȝ +hyr bleau<i>n</i>t,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">6</span> +<a name="page6" id="page6"> </a> + +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line164" id="pearl_line164">164</a></span> +(I knew hyr wel, I hade sen hyr ere)</p> +<p>As glysnande golde þat man con <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note165">schere</a>,</p> +<p>So schon þat schene an vnder schore;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He knows that he has seen her before.</span> +<p>On lengh<i>e</i> I loked to hyr þere,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line168" id="pearl_line168">168</a></span> +Þe lenger I knew hyr more & more</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note169">The more I frayste hyr +fayre face.</a></p> +<p>Her fygure fyn, quen I had <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note170">fonte</a>,</p> +<p>Suche gladande glory con to me glace,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line172" id="pearl_line172">172</a></span> +As lyttel byfore þerto watȝ wonte;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He desires to call her but is afraid,</span> +<p>To calle hyr lyste con me enchace,</p> +<p>Bot baysme<i>n</i>t gef myn hert a bru<i>n</i>t,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +at finding her in such a strange place.</span> +<p>I seȝ hyr in so strange a place,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line176" id="pearl_line176">176</a></span> +<a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note176">Such a burre myȝt make +my<i>n</i> herte blu<i>n</i>t</a></p> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne vereȝ ho vp her fayre frou<i>n</i>t,</p> +<p>Hyr vysayge whyt as playn yuore,</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note179">Þat stonge my<i>n</i> +hert ful stray atou<i>n</i>t,</a></p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line180" id="pearl_line180">180</a></span> +& eu<i>er</i> þe lenger, þe more & more.</p> + + +<h4><a name="pearl_IV" id="pearl_IV">IV.</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote page firstline">[Fol. 41<i>b</i>.]</span> +<p class="firstline"> +More þen me lyste my drede aros,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +So he stands still, like a well trained hawk.</span> +<p>I stod ful stylle & dorste not calle,</p> +<p>Wyth yȝen open & mouth ful clos,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line184" id="pearl_line184">184</a></span> +I stod as hende as hawk i<i>n</i> halle;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He fears lest she should escape before he could speak to her.</span> +<p>I hope þ<i>a</i>t gostly watȝ þ<i>a</i>t porpose,</p> +<p>I dred on ende quat schulde byfalle,</p> +<p>Lest ho me eschaped þat I þ<i>er</i> <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note187">chos</a>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line188" id="pearl_line188">188</a></span> +<a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note188">Er I at steuen hir moȝt +stalle.</a></p> +<p>Þat gracios gay w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-outen galle,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +His long lost one is dressed in royal array—decked with precious +pearls.</span> +<p>So smoþe, so smal, so <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note190">seme</a> slyȝt,</p> +<p>Ryseȝ vp i<i>n</i> hir araye ryalle,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>pyece</i>] MS. looks like <i>pyete</i>.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line192" id="pearl_line192">192</a></span> +A p<i>re</i>c[i]os <span class="texttag">pyece</span> i<i>n</i> perleȝ +pyȝt.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +She comes along the stream towards him.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +Perleȝ pyȝte of ryal prys,</p> +<p>Þere moȝt mon by grace haf sene,</p> +<p>Quen þat frech as flor-de-lys,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line196" id="pearl_line196">196</a></span> +Dou<i>n</i> þe bonke con boȝe by-dene.</p> +<p>Al blysnande whyt watȝ hir beau uiys,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">7</span> +<a name="page7" id="page7"> </a> + +<p>Vpon at sydeȝ & bou<i>n</i>den bene</p> +<p>Wyth þe myryeste margarys at my deuyse,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line200" id="pearl_line200">200</a></span> +Þat eu<i>er</i> I seȝ ȝet with myn yȝen;</p> +<p>Wyth lappeȝ large I wot & I wene,</p> +<p>Dubbed with double perle & dyȝte,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Her kirtle is composed of ‘sute,’ ornamented with pearls.</span> +<p>Her cortel of self sute schene,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line204" id="pearl_line204">204</a></span> +W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> p<i>re</i>cios perleȝ al vmbe-pyȝte.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +She wore a crown of pearls.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +A pyȝt coroune ȝet wer þat gyrle,</p> +<p>Of mariorys & non oþ<i>er</i> ston,</p> +<p>Hiȝe pynakled of cler quyt perle,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line208" id="pearl_line208">208</a></span> +Wyth <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note208">flurted</a> flowreȝ +perfet vpon;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Her hair hung down about her.</span> +<p>To hed hade ho non oþ<i>er</i> werle,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>here heke</i>] In the MS. it is <i>lere leke</i>.</span> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note210">Her <span class="texttag">here heke</span> al hyr vmbe-gon;</a></p> +<p>Her semblau<i>n</i>t sade, for doc oþ<i>er</i> erle,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Her colour was whiter than whalebone.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line212" id="pearl_line212">212</a></span> +<a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note212">Her ble more blaȝt</a> þen +whalleȝ bon;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Her hair shone as gold.</span> +<p>As <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note213">schorne golde +schyr</a> her fax þe<i>n</i>ne schon,</p> +<p>On schyldereȝ þat legh<i>e</i> vnlapped lyȝte;</p> +<p>Her depe colo<i>ur</i> ȝet wonted non,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The trimming of her robe consisted of precious pearls.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line216" id="pearl_line216">216</a></span> +Of p<i>re</i>cios perle i<i>n</i> <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note216">porfyl</a> pyȝte,</p> + +<span class="sidenote page stanza">[Fol. 42<i>a</i>.]</span> +<p class="stanza"> +Pyȝt watȝ <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note217">poyned</a> & +vche a he<i>m</i>me,</p> +<p>At honde, at sydeȝ, at ouerture,</p> +<p>Wyth whyte perle & non oþ<i>er</i> ge<i>m</i>me,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line220" id="pearl_line220">220</a></span> +& bornyste quyte watȝ hyr uesture.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +A wonderful pearl was set in her breast.</span> +<p>Bot a wonder perle w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-outen we<i>m</i>me,</p> +<p>In myddeȝ hyr breste watȝ sette so sure;</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note223">A ma<i>n</i>neȝ dom moȝt +dryȝly de<i>m</i>me,</a></p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line224" id="pearl_line224">224</a></span> +<a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note223">Er mynde moȝt malte +i<i>n</i> hit mesure;</a></p> +<p>I hope no tong moȝt endure</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note226">No</a> sau<i>er</i>ly +saghe say of þ<i>a</i>t syȝt,</p> +<p>So watȝ hit clene & cler & pure,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line228" id="pearl_line228">228</a></span> +Þat p<i>re</i>cios perle þ<i>er</i> hit watȝ pyȝt,</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +THE MAIDEN ADDRESSES HER FATHER.</span></p> + +<p class="stanza"> +Pyȝt in perle þat p<i>re</i>cios p[r]yse.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +No man from here to Greece, was so glad as the father, when he saw his +pearl on the bank of the stream.</span> +<p>On <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note230">wyþ<i>er</i> half</a> +wat<i>er</i> com dou<i>n</i> þe schore,</p> +<p>No gladder gome heþen i<i>n</i> to grece,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line232" id="pearl_line232">232</a></span> +Þe<i>n</i> I, quen ho on bry<i>m</i>me wore;</p> +<p>Ho watȝ me nerre þen au<i>n</i>te or nece,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">8</span> +<a name="page8" id="page8"> </a> + +<p>My Ioy for-þy watȝ much þe more.</p> +<p>Ho p<i>ro</i>fered me speche þ<i>a</i>t special spyce,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The maiden salutes him.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line236" id="pearl_line236">236</a></span> +Enclynande lowe i<i>n</i> wo<i>m</i>mon lore,</p> +<p>Caȝte of her corou<i>n</i> of grete tresore,</p> +<p>& haylsed me wyth a lote lyȝte.</p> +<p>Wel watȝ me þ<i>a</i>t eu<i>er</i> I watȝ bore,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line240" id="pearl_line240">240</a></span> +To sware þat swete i<i>n</i> perleȝ pyȝte!</p> + + +<h4><a name="pearl_V" id="pearl_V">V.</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote firstline"> +The father enquires of the maiden whether she is his long-lost +pearl,</span> +<p class="firstline"> +“O perle,” q<i>uod</i> I, “in perleȝ pyȝt,</p> +<p>Art þ<i>o</i>u my perle þat I haf playned,</p> +<p>Regretted by <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note243">my<i>n</i> +one</a>, on nyȝte?</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line244" id="pearl_line244">244</a></span> +Much longey<i>n</i>g haf I for þe <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note244">layned</a>,</p> +<p>Syþen into gresse þ<i>o</i>u me aglyȝte;</p> +<p>Pensyf, payred, I am for-payned,</p> +<p>& þ<i>o</i>u i<i>n</i> a lyf of lyky<i>n</i>g lyȝte</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line248" id="pearl_line248">248</a></span> +In paradys erde, of stryf vnstrayned.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and longs to know who has deprived him of his treasure.</span> +<p>What wyrde hatȝ hyder my iuel vayned,</p> +<p>& don me in þys del & gret dau<i>n</i>ger?</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note251">Fro</a> we i<i>n</i> +twy<i>n</i>ne wern <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note251">towen +& twayned</a>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line252" id="pearl_line252">252</a></span> +I haf ben a Ioyleȝ Iuelere.”</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +SHE TELLS HIM OF HER BLISS.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 42<i>b</i>.]</span> +<p class="stanza"> +That Iuel þe<i>n</i>ne in ge<i>m</i>myȝ gente,</p> +<p>Vered vp her vyse w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> yȝen graye,</p> +<p>Set on hyr corou<i>n</i> of perle orie<i>n</i>t,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line256" id="pearl_line256">256</a></span> +& soberly after þe<i>n</i>ne con ho say:</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The maiden tells him that his pearl is not really lost.</span> +<p>“Si<i>r</i> ȝe haf yo<i>ur</i> tale myse-tente,</p> +<p>To say yo<i>ur</i> perle is al awaye,</p> +<p>Þat is i<i>n</i> cofer, so comly clente,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +She is in a garden of delight, where sin and mourning are +unknown.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line260" id="pearl_line260">260</a></span> +As i<i>n</i> þis gardyn gracios gaye,</p> +<p>Here-i<i>n</i>ne to lenge for eu<i>er</i> & play.</p> +<p>Þer mys nee morny<i>n</i>g com neu<i>er</i> here,</p> +<p>Her were a forser for þe i<i>n</i> faye,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line264" id="pearl_line264">264</a></span> +If þ<i>o</i>u were a gentyl Iueler.</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +Bot Iueler gente if þ<i>o</i>u schal lose</p> + +<span class="pagenum">9</span> +<a name="page9" id="page9"> </a> + +<p>Þy ioy for a ge<i>m</i>me þat þe watȝ lef,</p> +<p>Me þynk þe put i<i>n</i> a mad porpose,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>busyeȝ</i>] Looks like <i>husyeȝ</i> in MS.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line268" id="pearl_line268">268</a></span> +& <span class="texttag">busyeȝ</span> þe aboute a raysou<i>n</i> +bref,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The rose that he had lost is become a pearl of price.</span> +<p>For þat þ<i>o</i>u lesteȝ watȝ bot a rose,</p> +<p>Þat flowred & fayled as kynde hyt gef;</p> +<p>Now þurȝ kynde of þe kyste þ<i>a</i>t hyt con close,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line272" id="pearl_line272">272</a></span> +To a perle of prys hit <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note272">is +put i<i>n</i> pref</a>;</p> +<p>& þ<i>o</i>u hatȝ called þy wyrde a þef,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The pearl blames his rash speech.</span> +<p>Þat oȝt of noȝt hatȝ mad þe cler;</p> +<p>Þ<i>o</i>u blameȝ þe <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note275">bote of þy meschef</a>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line276" id="pearl_line276">276</a></span> +Þ<i>o</i>u art no kynde Iueler.”</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +A Iuel to me þen watȝ þys geste,</p> +<p>& iueleȝ wern hyr ge<i>n</i>tyl saweȝ<ins class="correction" +title="text has ” for ,">, </ins></p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The father begs the maiden to excuse his speech, for he really thought +his pearl was wholly lost to him.</span> +<p>“I-wyse,” q<i>uod</i> I, “my blysfol beste,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line280" id="pearl_line280">280</a></span> +My grete dystresse þ<i>o</i>u al to-draweȝ,</p> +<p>To be excused I make requeste;</p> +<p>I trawed my perle don out of daweȝ,</p> +<p>Now haf I fonde hyt I schal ma feste,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line284" id="pearl_line284">284</a></span> +& wony w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> hyt i<i>n</i> schyr wod schaweȝ,</p> +<p>& loue my lorde & al his laweȝ,</p> +<p>Þat hatȝ me broȝ[t] þys blys ner;</p> +<p>Now were I at yow by-ȝonde þise waweȝ,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line288" id="pearl_line288">288</a></span> +I were a ioyfol Iueler.”</p> + +<span class="sidenote page stanza">[Fol. 43<i>a</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +The maiden tells her father that he has spoken three words without +knowing the meaning of one.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +“Iueler,” sayde þat ge<i>m</i>me clene,</p> +<p>“<a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note290">Wy borde ȝe men, so +madde ȝe be?</a></p> +<p>Þre wordeȝ hatȝ þ<i>o</i>u spoken at ene,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line292" id="pearl_line292">292</a></span> +Vn-avysed, for soþe, wern alle þre,</p> +<p>Þou ne woste in worlde quat on dotȝ mene,</p> +<p>Þy worde byfore þy wytte con fle.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The first word.</span> +<p>Þou says þ<i>o</i>u traweȝ me i<i>n</i> þis dene,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line296" id="pearl_line296">296</a></span> +By cawse þ<i>o</i>u may w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> yȝen me se;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The second.</span> +<p>Anoþ<i>er</i> þ<i>o</i>u says, i<i>n</i> þys cou<i>n</i>tre</p> +<p>Þy self schal won w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> me ryȝt here;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The third.</span> +<p>Þe þrydde, to passe þys wat<i>er</i> fre,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line300" id="pearl_line300">300</a></span> +Þat may no ioyfol Iueler.</p> + + +<span class="pagenum">10</span> +<a name="page10" id="page10"> </a> + +<h4><a name="pearl_VI" id="pearl_VI">VI.</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote firstline"> +He is little to be praised who loves what he sees.</span> +<p class="firstline"> +I halde þat iueler lyttel to prayse.</p> +<p>Þat loueȝ wel þ<i>a</i>t he seȝ wyth yȝe,</p> +<p>& much to blame & vn-cortoyse,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>loueȝ</i>] Looks at first sight like <i>lyueȝ</i>—MS. rubbed, +but read <i>leueȝ</i>.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line304" id="pearl_line304">304</a></span> +Þat <span class="texttag">loueȝ</span> oure lorde wolde make a +lyȝe,</p> +<p>Þat lelly hyȝte yo<i>ur</i> lyf to rayse,</p> +<p>Þaȝ fortune dyd yo<i>ur</i> flesch to dyȝe;</p> +<p>Ȝe setten hys wordeȝ ful <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note307">westernays</a></p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>loueȝ</i>] Read <i>leueȝ</i>.</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +To love nothing but what one sees is great presumption.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line308" id="pearl_line308">308</a></span> +Þat <span class="texttag">loueȝ</span> no þy<i>n</i>k bot ȝe hit +syȝe,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>is</i>] The MS. reads <i>īs</i>.</span> +<p>& þat <span class="texttag">is</span> a poy<i>n</i>t o +sorquydryȝe,</p> +<p>Þat vche god mon may euel byseme</p> +<p>To leue no tale be t<i>ru</i>e to tryȝe,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line312" id="pearl_line312">312</a></span> +Bot þat hys one skyl may dem[e].</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +DEATH IS THE ROAD TO PARADISE.</span></p> + +<p class="stanza"> +Deme now þy-self, if þ<i>o</i>u con, dayly</p> +<p>As man to god wordeȝ schulde heue.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +To live in this kingdom (<i>i.e.</i> heaven) leave must be asked.</span> +<p>Þ<i>o</i>u saytȝ þ<i>o</i>u schal won i<i>n</i> þis bayly;</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line316" id="pearl_line316">316</a></span> +Me þynk þe burde fyrst aske leue,</p> +<p>& ȝet of grau<i>n</i>t þ<i>o</i>u myȝteȝ fayle;</p> +<p>Þ<i>o</i>u wylneȝ ou<i>er</i> þys water to weue,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +This stream must be passed over by death.</span> +<p>Er moste þ<i>o</i>u ceuer to oþ<i>er</i> cou<i>n</i>sayl,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line320" id="pearl_line320">320</a></span> +<a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note320">Þy corse i<i>n</i> clot mot +calder keue,</a></p> +<p>For hit watȝ <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note321">for-garte</a>, at paradys greue</p> +<p>Oure <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note322">ȝore fader</a> hit +con mysseȝeme;</p> +<p>Þurȝ <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note323">drwry</a> deth boȝ +vch ma dreue,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line324" id="pearl_line324">324</a></span> +Er ou<i>er</i> þys dam hy<i>m</i> dryȝty<i>n</i> deme.”</p> + +<span class="sidenote page stanza">[Fol. 43<i>b</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +The father asks his pearl whether she is about to doom him to sorrow +again.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +“Demeȝ þ<i>o</i>u me,” q<i>uod</i> I, “my swete</p> +<p>To dol agayn, þe<i>n</i>ne I dowyne;</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note327">Now haf I fonte þat I +for-lete</a></p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line328" id="pearl_line328">328</a></span> +<a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note327">Schal I efte for-go hit er +eu<i>er</i> I fyne?</a></p> +<p>Why schal I hit boþe mysse & mete?</p> +<p>My p<i>re</i>cios perle dotȝ me gret pyne,</p> +<p>What serueȝ tresor, bot gareȝ men grete</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line332" id="pearl_line332">332</a></span> +When he hit schal efte w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> teneȝ tyne?</p> +<p>Now rech I neu<i>er</i> forto declyne,</p> +<p>Ne how fer of folde þat man me fleme,</p> +<span class="pagenum">11</span> +<a name="page11" id="page11"> </a> +<span class="sidenote"> +If he loses his pearl he does not care what happens to him.</span> +<p>When I am partleȝ of perleȝ myne.</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line336" id="pearl_line336">336</a></span> +Bot <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note336">durande doel</a> what +may men deme?”</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +ALL MUST ABIDE GOD’S DOOM.</span></p> + +<p class="stanza"> +“Thow demeȝ noȝt bot doel dystresse,”</p> +<p>Þenne sayde þat wyȝt “why dotȝ þ<i>o</i>u so?</p> +<p>For dyne of doel, of lureȝ lesse,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The maiden tells her father to suffer patiently.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line340" id="pearl_line340">340</a></span> +Ofte mony mon for-gos þe mo;</p> +<p>Þe oȝte better þy seluen blesse,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>&</i>] <i>in</i> or <i>an</i> (?).</span> +<p>& loue ay god <span class="texttag">&</span> wele & +wo,</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note343">For anger gayneȝ þe not +a cresse.</a></p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line344" id="pearl_line344">344</a></span> +Who nedeȝ schal þole be not so þro;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Though he may dance as any doe, yet he must abide God’s doom.</span> +<p>For þoȝ þ<i>o</i>u dau<i>n</i>ce as any do</p> +<p>Brau<i>n</i>dysch & bray þy braþeȝ breme,</p> +<p>When þ<i>o</i>u no fyrre may, to ne fro,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line348" id="pearl_line348">348</a></span> +Þ<i>o</i>u moste abyde þat he schal deme.</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +Deme dryȝtyn, euer hy<i>m</i> adyte,</p> +<p>Of þe way a fote ne wyl he wryþe,</p> +<p>Þy mendeȝ mou<i>n</i>teȝ not a myte,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line352" id="pearl_line352">352</a></span> +Þaȝ þ<i>o</i>u for sorȝe be neu<i>er</i> blyþe;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He must cease to strive.</span> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note353">Sty<i>n</i>st of þy +strot & fyne to flyte,</a></p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>swefte</i>] MS. <i>sweste</i>.</span> +<p>& sech hys <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note354">blyþe</a> +ful <span class="texttag">swefte</span> & swyþe,</p> +<p>Þy prayer may hys pyte byte,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line356" id="pearl_line356">356</a></span> +Þat mercy schal <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note356">hyr crafteȝ +kyþe</a>;</p> +<p>Hys comforte may þy lango<i>ur</i> lyþe,</p> +<p>& þy lureȝ of lyȝtly leme,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +All lies in God’s power to make men joyful or sad.</span> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note359">For marre oþ<i>er</i> +madde, morne & myþe,</a></p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line360" id="pearl_line360">360</a></span> +<a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note359">Al lys i<i>n</i> hym to +dyȝt & deme.</a>”</p> + + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +THE BEREAVED PARENT ASKS HIS CHILD’S PITY.</span></p> + +<h4><a name="pearl_VII" id="pearl_VII">VII.</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote page firstline">[Fol. 44<i>a</i>.]</span> +<p class="firstline"> +Thenne demed I to þat damyselle,</p> +<p>Ne worþe no wrath þe vnto my lorde,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>raue</i>] <i>rane</i> (?).</span> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note363">If rapely <span class="texttag">raue</span></a> spornande i<i>n</i> spelle.</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line364" id="pearl_line364">364</a></span> +My herte watȝ al w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> mysse remorde,</p> +<p>As wallande water gotȝ out of welle;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The father beseeches the pearl to have pity upon him.</span> +<p>I do me ay i<i>n</i> hys myserecorde.</p> +<p>Rebuke me neu<i>er</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> wordeȝ felle,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line368" id="pearl_line368">368</a></span> +<a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note368">Þaȝ I forloyne my dere +endorde,</a></p> + +<span class="pagenum">12</span> +<a name="page12" id="page12"> </a> + +<p>Bot <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note369">lyþeȝ</a> me kyndely +yo<i>ur</i> cou<i>m</i>forde,</p> +<p>Pytosly þenkande vpon þysse;</p> +<p>Of care & me ȝe made acorde,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line372" id="pearl_line372">372</a></span> +Þat er watȝ grou<i>n</i>de of alle my blysse;</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +He says that she has been both his bale and bliss<ins class="correction" title="text has , for .">. </ins></span> +<p class="stanza"> +My blysse, my bale ȝe han ben boþe,</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note374">Bot much þe bygger ȝet +watȝ my mon,</a></p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note374">Fro þ<i>o</i>u watȝ +wroken fro vch a woþe.</a></p> +<span class="sidenote"> +And when he lost her, he knew not what had become of her.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line376" id="pearl_line376">376</a></span> +I wyste neu<i>er</i> quere my perle watȝ gon;</p> +<p>Now I hit se, <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note377">now leþeȝ +my loþe</a>,</p> +<p>& quen we departed we wern at on,</p> +<p>God forbede we be now wroþe,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line380" id="pearl_line380">380</a></span> +We meten so selden by stok oþ<i>er</i> ston;</p> +<p>Þaȝ cortaysly ȝe carp con,</p> +<p>I am bot mol & <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note382">marereȝ</a> mysse,</p> +<p>Bot crystes mersy & mary & Ion,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line384" id="pearl_line384">384</a></span> +Þise arn þe grou<i>n</i>de of alle my blysse.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +And now that he sees her in bliss, she takes little heed of his +sorrow.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +In blysse I se þe blyþely blent</p> +<p>& I a man al mornyf <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note386">mate</a>,</p> +<p>Ȝe take þ<i>er</i>-on ful lyttel tente,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line388" id="pearl_line388">388</a></span> +Þaȝ I hente ofte harmeȝ hate.</p> +<p>Bot now I am here i<i>n</i> yo<i>ur</i> p<i>re</i>sente,</p> +<p>I wolde bysech wythouten debate,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He desires to know what life she leads.</span> +<p>Ȝe wolde me say i<i>n</i> sobre asente,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line392" id="pearl_line392">392</a></span> +What lyf ȝe lede, erly & late,</p> +<p>For I am ful fayn þat yo<i>ur</i> astate</p> +<p>Is worþen to worschyp & wele I wysse,</p> +<p>Of alle my Ioy þe hyȝe gate</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line396" id="pearl_line396">396</a></span> +Hit is i<i>n</i> grou<i>n</i>de of alle my blysse<ins class="quotation" title="orphaned close quote">.” </ins></p> + +<span class="sidenote page stanza">[Fol. 44<i>b</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +The maiden tells him that he may walk and abide with her, now that he is +humble.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +“Now blysse burne mot þe bytyde;”</p> +<p>Þen sayde þat lufsou<i>m</i> of lyth & lere,</p> +<p>“& welcu<i>m</i> here to walk & byde,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line400" id="pearl_line400">400</a></span> +For now þy speche is to me dere;</p> +<p>Maysterful mod & hyȝe pryde</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note402">I hete þe</a> arn +heterly hated here;</p> +<p>My lorde ne loueȝ not forto chyde,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +All are meek that dwell in the abode of bliss.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line404" id="pearl_line404">404</a></span> +For meke arn alle þ<i>a</i>t woneȝ hy<i>m</i> nere,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">13</span> +<a name="page13" id="page13"> </a> + +<p>& when i<i>n</i> hys place þ<i>o</i>u schal apere,</p> +<p>Be dep deuote i<i>n</i> hol mekenesse;</p> +<p>My lorde þe lamb, loueȝ ay such chere,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line408" id="pearl_line408">408</a></span> +Þat is þe grou<i>n</i>de of alle my blysse.</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +SHE DESCRIBES HER MODE OF LIFE.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +All lead a blissful life.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +A blysful lyf þ<i>o</i>u says I lede,</p> +<p>Þou woldeȝ knaw þ<i>er</i>-of þe stage;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +She reminds her father that she was very young when she died.</span> +<p>Þow wost wel when þy perle con schede,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line412" id="pearl_line412">412</a></span> +I watȝ ful ȝong & tender of age,</p> +<p>Bot my lorde þe lombe, þurȝ hys god-hede,</p> +<p>He toke my self to hys maryage,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Now she is crowned a queen in heaven.</span> +<p>Corou<i>n</i>de me quene i<i>n</i> blysse to brede,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line416" id="pearl_line416">416</a></span> +I<i>n</i> lengh<i>e</i> of dayeȝ þat eu<i>er</i> schal wage,</p> +<p>& sesed i<i>n</i> alle hys herytage</p> +<p>Hys lef is, I am holy hysse;</p> +<p>Hys prese, hys prys & hys parage,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line420" id="pearl_line420">420</a></span> +Is rote & grou<i>n</i>de of alle my blysse.”</p> + + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +MARY IS THE EMPRESS OF HEAVEN.</span></p> + +<h4><a name="pearl_VIII" id="pearl_VIII">VIII.</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote firstline"> +The father of the maiden does not fully understand her.</span> +<p class="firstline"> +“Blysful,” q<i>uod</i> I, “may þys be trwe,</p> +<p>Dyspleseȝ not if I speke erro<i>ur</i>;</p> +<p>Art þou þe quene of heueneȝ blwe,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line424" id="pearl_line424">424</a></span> +Þ<i>a</i>t al þys worlde schal do hono<i>ur</i>?</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Mary, he says, is the queen of heaven.</span> +<p>We leuen on marye þat grace of grewe,</p> +<p>Þat ber a barne of vyrgyn flo<i>ur</i>,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +No one is able to remove the crown from her.</span> +<p>Þe croune fro hyr quo moȝt remwe,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line428" id="pearl_line428">428</a></span> +Bot ho hir passed i<i>n</i> su<i>m</i> fauo<i>ur</i>?</p> +<p>Now for synglerty o hyr douso<i>ur</i>,</p> +<p>We calle hyr fenyx of arraby,</p> +<p>Þat freles fleȝe of hyr fasor,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line432" id="pearl_line432">432</a></span> +Lyk to þe quen of cortaysye.”</p> + +<span class="sidenote page stanza">[Fol. 45<i>a</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +The maiden addresses the Virgin.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +“Cortayse quen” þe<i>n</i>ne s[a]yde þat gaye,</p> +<p>Knelande to grou<i>n</i>de, folde vp hyr face,</p> +<p>“Makeleȝ moder & myryest may,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>bygy<em>n</em>ner</i>] MS. reads <i>bȳgyner</i>.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line436" id="pearl_line436">436</a></span> +Blessed <span class="texttag">bygy<i>n</i>ner</span> of vch a +grace!”</p> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne ros ho vp & con restay,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">14</span> +<a name="page14" id="page14"> </a> + +<p>& speke me towarde i<i>n</i> þat space:</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +She then explains to her father that each has his place in +heaven.</span> +<p>“S<i>ir</i> fele here porchaseȝ & fongeȝ pray</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line440" id="pearl_line440">440</a></span> +Bot supplantoreȝ none w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-i<i>n</i>ne þys place;</p> +<p>Þat emp<i>er</i>ise al heue<i>n</i>ȝ hatȝ,</p> +<p>& vrþe & helle i<i>n</i> her bayly;</p> +<p>Of erytage ȝet non wyl ho chace,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line444" id="pearl_line444">444</a></span> +For ho is quen of cortaysye.</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +ALL OTHERS ARE KINGS OR QUEENS.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +The court of God has a property in its own being.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +The co<i>ur</i>t of þe kyndom of god alyue,</p> +<p>Hatȝ a p<i>ro</i>perty <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note446">i<i>n</i> hyt self bey<i>n</i>g</a>;</p> +<p>Alle þat may þer-i<i>n</i>ne aryue</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Each one in it is a king or queen.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line448" id="pearl_line448">448</a></span> +Of alle þe reme is quen oþ<i>er</i> ky<i>n</i>g,</p> +<p>& neu<i>er</i> oþ<i>er</i> ȝet schal depryue,</p> +<p>Bot vchon fayn of oþ<i>er</i>eȝ hafy<i>n</i>g,</p> +<p>& wolde her corou<i>n</i>eȝ wern worþe þo fyue,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line452" id="pearl_line452">452</a></span> +If possyble were her mendy<i>n</i>g.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The mother of Christ holds the chief place.</span> +<p>Bot my lady of quom Iesu con spry<i>n</i>g,</p> +<p>Ho haldeȝ þe empyre ou<i>er</i> v<i>us</i> ful hyȝe,</p> +<p>& þat dyspleseȝ non of oure <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note455">gy<i>n</i>g</a>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line456" id="pearl_line456">456</a></span> +For ho is quene of cortaysye.</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +Of co<i>ur</i>taysye, as saytȝ say<i>n</i>t poule,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +We are all members of Christ’s body.</span> +<p>Al arn we me<i>m</i>breȝ of ih<i>es</i>u kryst,</p> +<p>As heued & arme & legg & naule,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line460" id="pearl_line460">460</a></span> +<a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note460">Temen</a> to hys body ful +trwe & <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note460">t[r]yste</a>;</p> +<p>Ryȝt so is vch a krysten sawle,</p> +<p>A longande lym to þe mayster of myste;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Look that each limb be perfect.</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne loke what hate oþ<i>er</i> any gawle,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line464" id="pearl_line464">464</a></span> +Is tached oþ<i>er</i> tyȝed þy ly<i>m</i>meȝ by-twyste,</p> +<p>Þy heued hatȝ nauþer greme ne gryste,</p> +<p>On arme oþ<i>er</i> fynger, þaȝ þ<i>o</i>u ber byȝe;</p> +<p>So fare we alle wyth luf & lyste,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line468" id="pearl_line468">468</a></span> +To ky<i>n</i>g & quene by cortaysye.”</p> + +<span class="sidenote page stanza">[Fol. 45<i>b</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +The father replies that he cannot understand how his pearl can be a +queen.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +“Cortayse,” q<i>uod</i> I, “I leue</p> +<p>& charyte grete be yow amo<i>n</i>g,</p> +<p>Bot my speche þat yow ne greue,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line472" id="pearl_line472">472</a></span> +<span class="gap"> .....</span></p> +<p>Þy self in heuen ou<i>er</i> hyȝ þ<i>o</i>u heue,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">15</span> +<a name="page15" id="page15"> </a> + +<p>To make þe quen þat watȝ so ȝonge,</p> +<p>What more-hond moȝte he acheue</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line476" id="pearl_line476">476</a></span> +Þat hade endured i<i>n</i> worlde stronge,</p> +<p>& lyued i<i>n</i> penau<i>n</i>ce hys lyueȝ longe,</p> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> bodyly bale hy<i>m</i> blysse to byye?</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He desires to know what greater honour she can have.</span> +<p>What more worschyp moȝt ho fonge,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line480" id="pearl_line480">480</a></span> +Þen corou<i>n</i>de be ky<i>n</i>g by cortayse?</p> + + +<h4><a name="pearl_IX" id="pearl_IX">IX.</a></h4> + +<p class="firstline"> +That cortayse is to fre of dede,</p> +<p>Ȝyf hyt be soth þat þ<i>o</i>u coneȝ saye,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +She was only two years old when she died, and could do nothing to please +God.</span> +<p>Þ<i>o</i>u lyfed not two ȝer i<i>n</i> oure þede,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line484" id="pearl_line484">484</a></span> +Þ<i>o</i>u cowþeȝ neu<i>er</i> god nauþ<i>er</i> plese ne pray,</p> +<p>Ne neu<i>er</i> nawþer pater ne crede,</p> +<p>& quen mad on þe fyrst day!</p> +<p>I may not traw, so god me spede,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line488" id="pearl_line488">488</a></span> +Þat god wolde wryþe so wrange away;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +She might be a countess or some great lady but not a queen.</span> +<p>Of cou<i>n</i>tes damysel, par ma fay,</p> +<p>Wer fayr i<i>n</i> heuen to halde asstate</p> +<p>Aþ<i>er</i> elleȝ a lady of lasse aray,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line492" id="pearl_line492">492</a></span> +Bot a quene, hit is to dere a date.”</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +The maiden informs her father that there is no limit to God’s +power.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +“Þer is no date of hys god-nesse,”</p> +<p>Þen sayde to me þat worþy wyȝte,</p> +<p>“For al is trawþe þat he con dresse,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line496" id="pearl_line496">496</a></span> +& he may do no þynk bot ryȝt,</p> +<p>As mathew meleȝ i<i>n</i> yo<i>ur</i> messe,</p> +<p>I<i>n</i> sothfol gospel of god al-myȝt</p> +<p>I<i>n</i> sample he can ful grayþely gesse,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line500" id="pearl_line500">500</a></span> +& lykneȝ hit to heuen lyȝte.”</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The parable of the labourers in the vineyard.</span> +<p><ins class="quotation" title="orphaned open quote">“My</ins> +regne, he saytȝ, is lyk on hyȝt,</p> +<p>To a lorde þat hade a uyne I wate,</p> +<p>Of tyme of ȝere þe terme watȝ tyȝt,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line504" id="pearl_line504">504</a></span> +To labor vyne watȝ dere þe date,</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +THE PARABLE OF THE LABOURERS IN THE VINEYARD.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote page stanza">[Fol. 46<i>a</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +The lord of the vineyard hires workmen for a penny a day.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +Þat date of ȝere wel knawe þys hyne;</p> + +<span class="pagenum">16</span> +<a name="page16" id="page16"> </a> + +<p>Þe lorde ful erly vp he ros,</p> +<p>To hyre werkmen to hys vyne,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line508" id="pearl_line508">508</a></span> +& fyndeȝ þ<i>er</i> su<i>m</i>me to hys porpos,</p> +<p>Into acorde þay con de-clyne,</p> +<p>For a pené on a day & forth þay gotȝ,</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note511">Wryþen</a> & worchen +& don gret pyne,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line512" id="pearl_line512">512</a></span> +<a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note512">Keruen</a> & <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note512">caggen</a> & <a class="noteref" +href="#pearl_note512">man</a> hit clos;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +At noon the lord hires other men standing idle in the market +place.</span> +<p>Aboute vnder, þe lorde to marked totȝ</p> +<p>& ydel men stande he fyndeȝ þer-ate,</p> +<p>“Why stande ȝe ydel” he sayde to þos,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line516" id="pearl_line516">516</a></span> +Ne knawe ȝe of þis day no date?</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +“Er date of daye hider arn we won<i>n</i>e,”</p> +<p>So watȝ al samen her answar soȝt;</p> +<p>“We haf standen her syn ros þe su<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line520" id="pearl_line520">520</a></span> +& no mo<i>n</i> byddeȝ v<i>us</i> do, ryȝt noȝt.”</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He commands them to go into his vineyard, and he will give them what is +right.</span> +<p>“Gos i<i>n</i>-to my vyne, dotȝ þat ȝe co<i>n</i>ne.”</p> +<p>So sayde þe lorde & made hit <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note522">toȝt</a>.</p> +<p>“What resonabele hyre be naȝt be ru<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line524" id="pearl_line524">524</a></span> +I yow <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note524">pray</a> i<i>n</i> +dede & þoȝte.”</p> +<p>Þay wente i<i>n</i> to þe vyne & wroȝte,</p> +<p>& al day þe lorde þ<i>us</i> ȝede his gate,</p> +<p>& nw men to hys vyne he broȝte;</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line528" id="pearl_line528">528</a></span> +Wel neȝ wyl day watȝ passed date,</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +At an hour before the sun went down the lord sees other men standing +idle.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +At þe day of date of euen-songe,</p> +<p>On oure byfore þe so<i>n</i>ne go dou<i>n</i></p> +<p>He seȝ þer ydel men ful stronge</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>hem</i>] MS. <i>hen</i>.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line532" id="pearl_line532">532</a></span> +& sa[y]de to <span class="texttag">hem</span> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> +sobre sou<i>n</i>;</p> +<p>“Wy stonde ȝe ydel þise dayeȝ longe.”</p> +<p>Þay sayden her hyre watȝ nawhere bou<i>n</i>.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Tells them to go into the vineyard.</span> +<p>“Gotȝ to my vyne ȝemen ȝonge</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line536" id="pearl_line536">536</a></span> +& wyrkeȝ & dotȝ þ<i>a</i>t <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note536">at ȝe mou<i>n</i></a>.”</p> +<p>Sone þe worlde by-com wel brou<i>n</i>,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>&</i>] MS. & &.</span> +<p>Þe su<i>n</i>ne watȝ doun <span class="texttag">&</span> hit +wex late;</p> +<p>To take her hyre he mad su<i>m</i>ou<i>n</i>;</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line540" id="pearl_line540">540</a></span> +Þe day watȝ al apassed date.</p> + + +<span class="pagenum">17</span> +<a name="page17" id="page17"> </a> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +THE PAYMENT OF THE LABOURERS.</span></p> + +<h4><a name="pearl_X" id="pearl_X">X.</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote firstline"> +As soon as the sun was gone down the “reeve” was told to pay the +workmen.</span> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 46<i>b</i>.]</span> +<p class="firstline"> +The date of þe daye þe lorde con knaw,</p> +<p>Called to þe reue “lede pay þe meyny,</p> +<p>Gyf hem þe hyre þat I hem owe,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line544" id="pearl_line544">544</a></span> +& fyrre, þat non me may repreue,</p> +<p>Set hem alle vpon a rawe,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +To give each a penny.</span> +<p>& gyf vchon i<i>n</i>-lyche a peny.</p> +<p>Bygyn at þe laste þat sta<i>n</i>deȝ lowe,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line548" id="pearl_line548">548</a></span> +Tyl to þe fyrste þat þ<i>o</i>u atteny;”</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The first began to complain.</span> +<p>& þe<i>n</i>ne þe fyrst by-go<i>n</i>ne to pleny</p> +<p>& sayden þat þay hade trauayled sore,</p> +<p>Þese bot an [h]oure hem con streny,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line552" id="pearl_line552">552</a></span> +V<i>us</i> þy<i>n</i>k v<i>us</i> oȝe to take more.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Having borne the heat of the day he thinks that he deserves more.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +More haf we serued v<i>us</i> þy<i>n</i>k so,</p> +<p>Þat suffred han þe dayeȝ hete,</p> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>n þyse þat wroȝt[e] not houreȝ two,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line556" id="pearl_line556">556</a></span> +& þ<i>o</i>u dotȝ hem v<i>us</i> to cou<i>n</i>terfete.</p> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne sayde þe lorde to on of þo,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>wrang</i>] MS. <i>wanig</i>.</span> +<p>“Frende no <span class="texttag">wrang</span> I wyl þe ȝete,</p> +<p>Take þat is þyn owne & go;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The lord tells him that he agreed only to give him a penny.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line560" id="pearl_line560">560</a></span> +& I hyred þe for a peny <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note560">a grete</a>,</p> +<p>Quy bygy<i>n</i>neȝ þ<i>o</i>u now to þrete;</p> +<p>Watȝ not a pené þy couenau<i>n</i>t þore?</p> +<p>Fyrre þe<i>n</i> couenau<i>n</i>de is noȝt to <a class="noteref" +href="#pearl_note563">plete</a>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line564" id="pearl_line564">564</a></span> +Wy schalte þou þe<i>n</i>ne ask more?</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +More weþ<i>er</i> louyly is me my gyfte</p> +<p>To do wyth myn quat so me lykeȝ?</p> +<p>Oþ<i>er</i> elleȝ þyn yȝe to lyþ<i>er</i> is lyfte,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line568" id="pearl_line568">568</a></span> +For I am goude & no<i>n</i> by-swykeȝ.”</p> +<p>“Þ<i>us</i> schal I,” q<i>uod</i> kryste, “hit skyfte,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The last shall be first, and the first last.</span> +<p>Þe laste schal be þe fyrst þat strykeȝ,</p> +<p>& þe fyrst þe laste, be he neu<i>er</i> so swyft,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line572" id="pearl_line572">572</a></span> +For mony ben calle[d] þaȝ fewe <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note572">be</a> mykeȝ.”</p> +<p>Þ<i>us</i> pore men her part ay pykeȝ,</p> +<p>Þaȝ þay com late & lyttel wore,</p> +<span class="pagenum">18</span> +<a name="page18" id="page18"> </a> +<span class="sidenote"> +The maiden applies the parable to herself.</span> +<p>& <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note575">þaȝ her sweng wyth +lyttel at-slykeȝ</a>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line576" id="pearl_line576">576</a></span> +Þe merci of god is much þe more.</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +THE APPLICATION OF THE PARABLE.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 47<i>a</i>.]</span> +<p class="stanza"> +“More haf I of ioye & blysse here-i<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<p>Of ladyschyp gret & lyueȝ blom,</p> +<p>Þen alle þe wyȝeȝ i<i>n</i> þe worlde myȝt wy<i>n</i>ne</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line580" id="pearl_line580">580</a></span> +By þe way of ryȝt to aske dome.</p> +<p>Wheþer wel nygh[t] now I con bygy<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +She came to the vine in eventide, and yet received more than others who +had lived longer.</span> +<p>In euentyde in-to þe vyne I come,</p> +<p>Fyrst of my hyre my lorde con my<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line584" id="pearl_line584">584</a></span> +I watȝ payed anon of al & sum;</p> +<p>Ȝet oþ<i>er</i> þer werne þ<i>a</i>t toke more tom,</p> +<p>Þat swange & swat for long ȝore,</p> +<p>Þat ȝet of hyre no þynk þay nom,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line588" id="pearl_line588">588</a></span> +Parau<i>n</i>t<i>er</i> noȝt schal to ȝere more.”</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +The father says that his daughter’s tale is unreasonable.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +Then more I meled & sayde apert,</p> +<p>“Me þynk þy tale vnresou<i>n</i>able,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>rert</i>] <i>ert</i> (?).</span> +<p>Goddeȝ ryȝt is redy & eu<i>er</i> more <span class="texttag">rert</span>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line592" id="pearl_line592">592</a></span> +Oþ<i>er</i> holy wryt is bot a fable;</p> +<p>I<i>n</i> sauter is sayd a verce ouerte</p> +<p>Þat spekeȝ a poy<i>n</i>t determynable,</p> +<p>‘Þ<i>o</i>u quyteȝ vchon as hys desserte,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>p<em>re</em>termynable</i>] MS. p<i>er</i>termynable.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line596" id="pearl_line596">596</a></span> +Þ<i>o</i>u hyȝe ky<i>n</i>g ay <span class="texttag">p<i>re</i>termynable</span>,’</p> +<p>Now he þat stod þe long day stable,</p> +<p>& þ<i>o</i>u to payment com hym byfore,</p> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne þe lasse i<i>n</i> werke to take more able,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line600" id="pearl_line600">600</a></span> +& eu<i>er</i> þe lenger þe lasse þe more.”</p> + + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +GOD IS NO NIGGARD.</span></p> + +<h4><a name="pearl_XI" id="pearl_XI">XI.</a></h4> + +<p class="firstline"> +“Of more & lasse in godeȝ ryche,”</p> +<p>Þat gentyl sayde <ins class="quotation" title="orphaned open quote">“lys</ins> no Ioparde,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +In heaven, the maiden says, each man is paid alike.</span> +<p>For þer is vch mon payed inliche,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line604" id="pearl_line604">604</a></span> +Wheþer lyttel oþ<i>er</i> much be hys rewarde,</p> +<p>For þe gentyl cheuentayn is no <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note605">chyche</a>,</p> +<p>Queþ<i>er</i>-so-eu<i>er</i> he dele nesch oþ<i>er</i> harde,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>gyfteȝ</i>] MS. <i>gysteȝ</i>.</span> +<p>He laueȝ hys <span class="texttag">gyfteȝ</span> as wat<i>er</i> of +dyche,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line608" id="pearl_line608">608</a></span> +Oþ<i>er</i> <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note608">goteȝ</a> of +golf þat neu<i>er</i> <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note608">charde</a>;</p> +<span class="pagenum">19</span> +<a name="page19" id="page19"> </a> +<span class="sidenote"> +God is no niggard.</span> +<p>Hys frau<i>n</i>chyse is large þ<i>a</i>t eu<i>er</i> dard,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>no scogh<em>e</em></i>] In the MS. it looks like +<i>rescoghe</i>.</span> +<p>To hy<i>m</i> þat matȝ i<i>n</i> sy<i>n</i>ne <span class="texttag">no scogh<i>e</i></span></p> +<p>No blysse betȝ fro hem reparde,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The grace of God is sufficient for all.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line612" id="pearl_line612">612</a></span> +For þe grace of god is gret I-nogh<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 47<i>b</i>.]</span> +<p class="stanza"> +Bot now þ<i>o</i>u moteȝ me for to mate</p> +<p>Þat I my peny haf wrang tan here,</p> +<p>Þ<i>o</i>u sayȝ þat I þat com to late,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line616" id="pearl_line616">616</a></span> +Am not worþy so gret lere.</p> +<p>Where wysteȝ þ<i>o</i>u eu<i>er</i> any <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note617">bourne abate</a></p> +<p>Euer so holy i<i>n</i> hys prayere,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Those who live long on the earth often forfeit heaven by sinning.</span> +<p>Þat he ne forfeted by su<i>m</i>kyn gate,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line620" id="pearl_line620">620</a></span> +Þe mede su<i>m</i>-tyme of heueneȝ clere;</p> +<p>& ay þe ofter, þe alder þay were,</p> +<p>Þay laften ryȝt & wroȝten wogh<i>e</i></p> +<p>Mercy & g<i>ra</i>ce moste hem þe<i>n</i> stere,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line624" id="pearl_line624">624</a></span> +For þe g<i>ra</i>ce of god is gret i<i>n</i>-noȝe.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +Innocents are saved by baptism.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +Bot i<i>n</i>-nogh<i>e</i> of grace hatȝ i<i>n</i>nocent,</p> +<p>As sone as þay arn borne <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note626">by lyne</a></p> +<p>I<i>n</i> þe water of babtem þay dyssente,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line628" id="pearl_line628">628</a></span> +Þ<i>en</i> arne þay boroȝt i<i>n</i>-to þe vyne,</p> +<p>Anon þe day w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> derk endente,</p> +<p>Þe myȝt of deth dotȝ to en-clyne</p> +<p>Þat wroȝt neuer wrang er þe<i>n</i>ne þay wente;</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line632" id="pearl_line632">632</a></span> +Þe gentyle lorde þe<i>n</i>ne payeȝ hys hyne,</p> +<p>Þay dyden hys heste, þay wern þere-ine,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Why should not God allow their labour.</span> +<p>Why schulde he not her labo<i>ur</i> alow,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>hem</i>] MS. <i>hym</i>.</span> +<p>Ȝy[rd] & pay <span class="texttag">hem</span> at þe fyrst +fyne</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line636" id="pearl_line636">636</a></span> +For þe grace of god is gret i<i>n</i>-nogh<i>e</i>?</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +PARADISE WAS LOST THROUGH AN APPLE.</span></p> + +<p class="stanza"> +Inoȝe is knawen þ<i>a</i>t man-kyn grete,</p> +<p>Fyrste watȝ wroȝt to blysse parfyt;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Our first father lost heaven by eating an apple.</span> +<p>Oure forme-fader hit con forfete,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line640" id="pearl_line640">640</a></span> +Þurȝ an apple þat he vpon con byte;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +And all are damned for the sin of Adam.</span> +<p>Al wer we dampned for þat mete,</p> +<p>To dyȝe i<i>n</i> doel out of delyt,</p> +<p>& syþen wende to helle hete,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line644" id="pearl_line644">644</a></span> +Þ<i>er</i>-i<i>n</i>ne to won w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-oute respyt;</p> +<span class="pagenum">20</span> +<a name="page20" id="page20"> </a> +<span class="sidenote"> +But there came one who paid the penalty of our sins.</span> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note645">Bot þer on com a bote +as-tyt.</a></p> +<p>Ryche blod ran on rode so rogh<i>e</i>,</p> +<p>& wy<i>n</i>ne [&] wat<i>er</i>, þe<i>n</i> at þat plyt</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line648" id="pearl_line648">648</a></span> +Þe g<i>ra</i>ce of god wex gret i<i>n</i>-nogh<i>e</i>.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 48<i>a</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>out</i>] MS. <i>out out</i>.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +Innogh<i>e</i> þer wax <span class="texttag">out</span> of þat +welle,</p> +<p>Blod & wat<i>er</i> of brode wou<i>n</i>de;</p> +<p>Þe blod v<i>us</i> boȝt fro bale of helle,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line652" id="pearl_line652">652</a></span> +& delyu<i>er</i>ed v<i>us</i> of þe deth secou<i>n</i>de;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The water that came from the pierced side of Christ was baptism.</span> +<p>Þe water is baptem þe soþe to telle;</p> +<p>Þat folȝed þe glayue so gry<i>m</i>ly grou<i>n</i>de,</p> +<p>Þat wascheȝ away þe gylteȝ felle,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line656" id="pearl_line656">656</a></span> +Þat adam wyth i<i>n</i>ne deth v<i>us</i> drou<i>n</i>de.</p> +<p>Now is þ<i>er</i> noȝt i<i>n</i> þe worlde rou<i>n</i>de</p> +<p>Bytwene v<i>us</i> & blysse bot þat he +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-droȝ</p> +<p>& þat is restored <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note659">i<i>n</i> sely stou<i>n</i>de</a>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line660" id="pearl_line660">660</a></span> +& þe grace of god is gret i<i>n</i>-nogh.</p> + + +<h4><a name="pearl_XII" id="pearl_XII">XII.</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote firstline"> +Repentance must be sought by prayer with sorrow and affliction.</span> +<p class="firstline"> +Grace i<i>n</i>-nogh þe mon may haue,</p> +<p>Þat sy<i>n</i>neȝ þe<i>n</i>ne new, ȝif hy<i>m</i> repente,</p> +<p>Bot w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> sorȝ & syt he mot hit craue,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line664" id="pearl_line664">664</a></span> +& byde þe payne þer-to is bent,</p> +<p>Bot resou<i>n</i> of ryȝt þat con not raue,</p> +<p>Saueȝ eu<i>er</i> more þe i<i>n</i>nosse<i>n</i>t;</p> +<p>Hit is a dom þ<i>a</i>t neu<i>er</i> god gaue,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line668" id="pearl_line668">668</a></span> +Þat eu<i>er</i> þe gyltleȝ schulde be schente.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The guilty may be saved by contrition.</span> +<p>Þe gyltyf may contryssyou<i>n</i> hente</p> +<p>& be þurȝ mercy to grace þryȝt;</p> +<p>Bot he to gyle þat neu<i>er</i> <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note671">glente</a>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line672" id="pearl_line672">672</a></span> +At i<i>n</i>-oscente is saf & ryȝte.</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +INNOCENTS ARE SAVED BY RIGHT.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote text stanza"> +<i>þ<em>us</em></i>] MS. þ<i>us</i> þ<i>us</i>.</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +Two sorts of people are saved, the <i>righteous</i> and the +<i>innocent</i>.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +Ryȝt <span class="texttag">þ<i>us</i></span> I knaw wel i<i>n</i> þis +cas,</p> +<p>Two men to saue is god by skylle;</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>face</i>] MS. <i>fate</i>.</span> +<p>Þe ryȝt-wys man schal se hys <span class="texttag">face</span>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line676" id="pearl_line676">676</a></span> +Þe harmleȝ haþel schal com hym tylle,</p> +<p>Þe saut<i>er</i> hyt satȝ þ<i>us</i> i<i>n</i> a pace:</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The words of David.</span> +<p>“Lorde quo schal klymbe þy hyȝ hylleȝ</p> + +<span class="pagenum">21</span> +<a name="page21" id="page21"> </a> + +<p>Oþ<i>er</i> rest w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-i<i>n</i>ne þy holy place?”</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line680" id="pearl_line680">680</a></span> +Hymself to on-sware he is not <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note680">dylle</a>;</p> +<p>“Hondely<i>n</i>geȝ harme þat <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note681">dyt</a> not ille,</p> +<p>Þat is of hert boþe clene & lyȝt,</p> +<p>Þer schal hys step stable stylle,”</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The innocent is saved by right.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line684" id="pearl_line684">684</a></span> +Þe i<i>n</i>nosent is ay saf by ryȝt.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 48<i>b</i>.]</span> +<p class="stanza"> +The ryȝtwys man also sertayn</p> +<p>Aproche he schal þ<i>a</i>t proper pyle,</p> +<p>Þat takeȝ not her lyf in vayne</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line688" id="pearl_line688">688</a></span> +Ne glauereȝ her nieȝbor wyth no gyle;</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>saȝ</i>] <i>satȝ</i> (?).</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +The words of Solomon.</span> +<p>Of þys ryȝt-wys <span class="texttag">saȝ</span> salamon playn,</p> +<p>How kyntly <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note690">oure</a> con +aquyle</p> +<p>By wayeȝ ful streȝt he con hym strayn,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line692" id="pearl_line692">692</a></span> +& scheued hy<i>m</i> þe rengne of god a whyle,</p> +<p>As quo says “lo ȝon louely yle,</p> +<p>Þ<i>o</i>u may hit wy<i>n</i>ne if þ<i>o</i>u be wyȝte,”</p> +<p>Bot hardyly w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-oute peryle,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line696" id="pearl_line696">696</a></span> +Þe i<i>n</i>nosent is ay saue by ryȝte!</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +David says no man living is justified.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +An-ende ryȝtwys men, ȝet saytȝ a gome</p> +<p>Dauid in sauter, if eu<i>er</i> ȝe seȝ hit,</p> +<p>“Lorde þy seruau<i>n</i>t draȝ neuer to dome,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>For</i>] MS. <i>sor.</i></span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line700" id="pearl_line700">700</a></span> +<span class="texttag">For</span> non lyuyunde to þe is Iustyfyet.”</p> +<p>For-þy to corte quen þ<i>o</i>u schal com,</p> +<p>Þer alle oure causeȝ schal be tryed,</p> +<p>Alegge þe ryȝt þ<i>o</i>u may be i<i>n</i>-nome,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line704" id="pearl_line704">704</a></span> +By þys ilke spech I haue asspyed;</p> +<p>Bot he on rode þat blody dyed,</p> +<p>Delfully þurȝ hondeȝ þryȝt</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Pray to be saved by innocence and not by right.</span> +<p>Gyue þe to passe when þ<i>o</i>u arte tryed</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line708" id="pearl_line708">708</a></span> +By in<i>n</i>ocens & not by ryȝte.</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +CHRIST BLESSED LITTLE CHILDREN.</span></p> + +<p class="stanza"> +Ryȝt-wysly quo con rede,</p> +<p>He loke on bok & be awayed</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +When Jesus was on earth, little children were brought unto him.</span> +<p>How Ih<i>esu</i>c hy<i>m</i> welke in are þede,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line712" id="pearl_line712">712</a></span> +& burneȝ her barneȝ vnto hy<i>m</i> brayde,</p> +<p>For happe & hele þat fro hy<i>m</i> ȝede,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>touch</i>] MS. <i>touth</i>.</span> +<p>To <span class="texttag">touch</span> her chylder þay fayr hym +prayed.</p> +<span class="pagenum">22</span> +<a name="page22" id="page22"> </a> +<span class="sidenote"> +The disciples rebuked the parents.</span> +<p>His dessypeleȝ w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> blame let be hy<i>m</i> bede,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line716" id="pearl_line716">716</a></span> +& wyth her resou<i>n</i>eȝ ful fele restayed;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Christ said, “Suffer little children to come unto me,” etc.</span> +<p>Ih<i>esu</i>c þe<i>n</i>ne hem swetely sayde,</p> +<p>“Do way, let chylder vnto me tyȝt.</p> +<p>To suche is heuen-ryche arayed,”</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line720" id="pearl_line720">720</a></span> +Þe i<i>n</i>nocent is ay saf by ryȝt.</p> + + +<h4><a name="pearl_XIII" id="pearl_XIII">XIII.</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote page firstline">[Fol. 49<i>a</i>.]</span> +<p class="firstline"> +Ih<i>esu</i>c con calle to hy<i>m</i> hys mylde</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +No one can win heaven except he be meek as a child.</span> +<p>& sayde hys ryche no wyȝ myȝt wy<i>n</i>ne.</p> +<p>Bot he com þyder ryȝt as a chylde,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line724" id="pearl_line724">724</a></span> +Oþ<i>er</i> elleȝ neu<i>er</i> more com þer-i<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<p>Harmleȝ, trwe & vnde-fylde,</p> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-outen mote oþ<i>er</i> mascle of <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note726">sulpande sy<i>n</i>ne</a>;</p> +<p>Quen such þer cnoken on þe <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note727">bylde</a>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line728" id="pearl_line728">728</a></span> +Tyt schal hem men þe ȝate vnpy<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<p>Þer is þe blys þat con not bly<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<p>Þat þe Iueler soȝte þurȝ perre pres</p> +<p>& solde alle hys goud boþe wolen & ly<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line732" id="pearl_line732">732</a></span> +To bye hy<i>m</i> a perle [þat] watȝ mascelleȝ.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +The pearl of price is like the kingdom of heaven, pure and clean.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +This makelleȝ perle þat boȝt is dere,</p> +<p>Þe Ioueler gef fore alle hys god,</p> +<p>Is lyke þe <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note735">reme</a> of +heuenesse clere</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line736" id="pearl_line736">736</a></span> +So sayde þe fader of folde & flode,</p> +<p>For hit is we<i>m</i>leȝ, clene & clere,</p> +<p>& endeleȝ rou<i>n</i>de & blyþe of mode,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>ryȝtwys</i>] MS. <i>ryȝtywys</i>.</span> +<p>& co<i>m</i>mune to alle þat <span class="texttag">ryȝtwys</span> were,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line740" id="pearl_line740">740</a></span> +Lo! euen i<i>n</i> myddeȝ my breste hit stode;</p> +<p>My lorde þe lombe þat schede hys blode,</p> +<p>He pyȝt hit þere i<i>n</i> token of pes;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Forsake the mad world and purchase the spotless pearl.</span> +<p>I rede þe forsake þe worlde wode,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line744" id="pearl_line744">744</a></span> +& porchace þy perle maskelles<ins class="quotation" title="orphaned close quote">.” </ins></p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +FORSAKE THE MAD WORLD.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +The father of the maiden desires to know who formed her figure and +wrought her garments.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +“O maskeleȝ perle i<i>n</i> perleȝ pure</p> +<p>Þat bereȝ,” q<i>uod</i> I, “þe perle of prys,</p> +<p>Quo formed þe þy fayre fygure?</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line748" id="pearl_line748">748</a></span> +Þat wroȝt þy wede, he watȝ ful wys;</p> +<span class="pagenum">23</span> +<a name="page23" id="page23"> </a> +<span class="sidenote"> +Her beauty, he says, is not natural.</span> +<p>Þy beaute com neu<i>er</i> of nature,</p> +<p>Pymalyon paynted neu<i>er</i> þy vys,</p> +<p>Ne arystotel nawþ<i>er</i> by hys lettrure</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line752" id="pearl_line752">752</a></span> +<a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note752">Of carpe</a> þe kynde þese +p<i>ro</i>perteȝ.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Her colour passes the fleur-de-lis.</span> +<p>Þy colo<i>ur</i> passeȝ þe flo<i>ur</i>-de-lys,</p> +<p>Þyn angel <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note754">hauy<i>n</i>g</a> so clene corteȝ</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>p<em>r</em>iys</i>] The MS. has <i>triys</i>.</span> +<p>Breue me bryȝt, quat-kyn of <span class="texttag">p<i>r</i>iys</span></p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line756" id="pearl_line756">756</a></span> +Bereȝ þe perle so maskelleȝ.”</p> + +<span class="sidenote page stanza">[Fol. 49<i>b</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +The maiden explains to her father that she is a bride of Christ.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +“My makeleȝ lambe þat al may <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note757">bete</a>,”</p> +<p>Q<i>uod</i> scho, “my dere destyné</p> +<p>Me ches to hys <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note759">make</a> +al-þaȝ vnmete,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line760" id="pearl_line760">760</a></span> +Su<i>m</i> tyme semed þ<i>a</i>t assemblé</p> +<p>When I wente fro yor worlde wete.</p> +<p>He calde me to hys bon<i>er</i>té,</p> +<p>‘Cu<i>m</i> hyder to me my le<i>m</i>man swete,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +She is without spot or blemish.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line764" id="pearl_line764">764</a></span> +For mote ne spot is non i<i>n</i> þe:’</p> +<p>He gef me myȝt & als bewté.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Her weeds are washed in the blood of Christ.</span> +<p>I<i>n</i> hys blod he wesch my wede on dese,</p> +<p>& coronde clene i<i>n</i> v<i>er</i>gynté,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line768" id="pearl_line768">768</a></span> +& pyȝt me i<i>n</i> perleȝ maskelleȝ.”</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +The father asks the nature of the Lamb that has chosen his +daughter,</span> +<p class="stanza"> +“Why maskelleȝ bryd þat bryȝt con flambe</p> +<p>Þat reiateȝ hatȝ so ryche & ryf,</p> +<p>Quat-kyn þy<i>n</i>g may be þat lambe,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and why she is selected as a bride.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line772" id="pearl_line772">772</a></span> +Þat þe wolde wedde vnto hys vyf?</p> +<p>Ou<i>er</i> alle oþ<i>er</i> so hyȝ þ<i>o</i>u clambe,</p> +<p>To lede w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> hy<i>m</i> so ladyly lyf</p> +<p>So mony a cumly on <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note775"><ins +class="correction" title="text reads ‘vu{n}der’: spelling changed to agree with Note">v<i>n</i>der</ins> cambe</a>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line776" id="pearl_line776">776</a></span> +For kryst han lyued i<i>n</i> much stryf,</p> +<p>& þ<i>o</i>u con alle þo dere out-dryf,</p> +<p>& fro þat maryag al oþ<i>er</i> depres,</p> +<p>Al only þyself so stout & styf,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line780" id="pearl_line780">780</a></span> +A makeleȝ may & maskelleȝ.”</p> + + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +THE LAMB AND HIS BRIDES.</span></p> + +<h4><a name="pearl_XIV" id="pearl_XIV">XIV.</a></h4> + +<p class="firstline"> +“Maskelles,” q<i>uod</i> þat myry quene,</p> +<p>“Vnblemyst I am wyth-outen blot,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">24</span> +<a name="page24" id="page24"> </a> + +<p>& þat may I w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> mensk me<i>n</i>teene;</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line784" id="pearl_line784">784</a></span> +Bot makeleȝ quene þe<i>n</i>ne sade I not,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The Lamb has one hundred and forty thousand brides.</span> +<p>Þe lambes vyueȝ i<i>n</i> blysse we bene,</p> +<p>A hondred & forty þowsande flot</p> +<p>As i<i>n</i> þe apocalyppeȝ hit is sene;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +St. John saw them on the hill of Sion in a dream, in the new city of +Jerusalem.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line788" id="pearl_line788">788</a></span> +Sant Ioh<i>a</i>n hem syȝ al i<i>n</i> a knot,</p> +<p>On þe hyl of syon þat semly clot.</p> +<p>Þe apostel hem segh i<i>n</i> gostly drem</p> +<p>Arayed to þe weddy<i>n</i>g i<i>n</i> þ<i>a</i>t hyl coppe,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line792" id="pearl_line792">792</a></span> +Þe nwe cyte u I<i>e</i>r<i>usa</i>l<i>e</i>m.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page stanza">[Fol. 50<i>a</i>.]</span> +<p class="stanza"> +Of I<i>e</i>r<i>usa</i>l<i>e</i>m I in speche spelle.</p> +<p>If þ<i>o</i>u wyl knaw what-kyn he be,</p> +<p>My lombe, my lorde, my dere Iuelle,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line796" id="pearl_line796">796</a></span> +My ioy, my blys, my le<i>m</i>man fre,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Isaiah speaks of Christ or the Lamb.</span> +<p>Þe p<i>ro</i>fete ysaye of hy<i>m</i> con melle,</p> +<p>Pitously of hys debonerté</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>gyltleȝ</i>] MS. reads <i>gystleȝ</i>.</span> +<p>Þat gloryo<i>us</i> <span class="texttag">gyltleȝ</span> þ<i>a</i>t +mon con quelle,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He says that He was led as a lamb to the slaughter.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line800" id="pearl_line800">800</a></span> +W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-outen any sake of felonye,</p> +<p>As a schep to þe slaȝt þ<i>er</i> lad watȝ he</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>nem</i>] MS. <i>men</i>.</span> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note802">& as lombe þat +clypper i<i>n</i> lande <span class="texttag">nem</span>,</a></p> +<p>So closed he hys mouth fro vch query,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line804" id="pearl_line804">804</a></span> +Quen Iueȝ hy<i>m</i> iugged i<i>n</i> Ih<i>erusal</i>em.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +In Jerusalem was Christ slain.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +In I<i>e</i>r<i>usa</i>l<i>e</i>m watȝ my le<i>m</i>man slayn</p> +<p>& rent on rode w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> boyeȝ bolde;</p> +<p>Al oure baleȝ to bere ful bayn,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line808" id="pearl_line808">808</a></span> +He toke on hy<i>m</i> self oure careȝ colde,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +With buffets was His face flayed.</span> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> boffeteȝ watȝ hys face flayn,</p> +<p>Þat watȝ so fayr on to byholde;</p> +<p>For sy<i>n</i>ne he set hy<i>m</i> self i<i>n</i> vayn,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line812" id="pearl_line812">812</a></span> +Þat neu<i>er</i> hade non hym self to wolde,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He endured all patiently as a lamb.</span> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note813">For v<i>us</i> he lette +hy<i>m</i> flyȝe & fold</a>e</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note813">& brede vpon a +bostwys bem,</a></p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>lomb</i>] The MS. reads <i>lomp</i>.</span> +<p>As meke as <span class="texttag">lomb</span> þat no playnt +tolde.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +For us He died in Jerusalem.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line816" id="pearl_line816">816</a></span> +For v<i>us</i> he swalt i<i>n</i> I<i>e</i>r<i>usa</i>l<i>e</i>m:</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +THE LAMB WAS SLAIN IN JERUSALEM.</span></p> + +<p class="stanza"> +I<i>e</i>r<i>usa</i>l<i>e</i>m, Iordan & galalye,</p> +<p>Þer as baptysed þe goude say<i>n</i>t Ion,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">25</span> +<a name="page25" id="page25"> </a> + +<p>His wordeȝ acorded to ysaye;</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line820" id="pearl_line820">820</a></span> +When Ih<i>esu</i>c con to hy<i>m</i> warde gon</p> +<p>He sayde of hy<i>m</i> þys p<i>ro</i>fessye,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The declaration of St. John, “Behold the Lamb of God,” etc.</span> +<p>“Lo godeȝ lombe as trwe as ston,</p> +<p>Þat dotȝ away þe sy<i>n</i>neȝ dryȝe!”</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line824" id="pearl_line824">824</a></span> +Þat alle þys worlde hatȝ wroȝt vpon,</p> +<p>Hy<i>m</i> self ne wroȝt neu<i>er</i> ȝet non,</p> +<p>Wheþ<i>er</i> on hym self he con al clem,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Who can reckon His generation, that died in Jerusalem?</span> +<p>Hys generacyou<i>n</i> quo recen con,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line828" id="pearl_line828">828</a></span> +Þat dyȝed for v<i>us</i> i<i>n</i> I<i>e</i>r<i>usa</i>l<i>e</i>m?</p> + +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 50<i>b</i>.]</span> +<p class="stanza"> +In I<i>e</i>r<i>usa</i>l<i>e</i>m þ<i>us</i> my le<i>m</i>man +swatte,</p> +<p>Twyeȝ, for lombe watȝ taken þere,</p> +<p>By trw recorde of ayþ<i>er</i> p<i>ro</i>phete,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line832" id="pearl_line832">832</a></span> +For mode so meke & al hys fare,</p> +<p>Þe þryde tyme is þ<i>er</i>-to ful mete</p> +<p>In apokalypeȝ wryten ful ȝare.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +In the New Jerusalem St. John saw the Lamb sitting upon the +throne.</span> +<p>In mydeȝ þe trone þere saynteȝ sete,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line836" id="pearl_line836">836</a></span> +Þe apostel ioh<i>a</i>n hy<i>m</i> saytȝ <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note836">as bare</a>,</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note837">Lesande þe boke with +leueȝ sware,</a></p> +<p>Þere seuen sy<i>n</i>gnetteȝ wern sette i<i>n</i>-seme</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note839">& at þ<i>a</i>t syȝt +vche douth con dare,</a></p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line840" id="pearl_line840">840</a></span> +In helle, i<i>n</i> erþe & I<i>e</i>r<i>usa</i>l<i>e</i>m.</p> + + +<h4><a name="pearl_XV" id="pearl_XV">XV.</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote firstline"> +The Lamb is without blemish.</span> +<p class="firstline">Thys I<i>e</i>r<i>usa</i>l<i>e</i>m lombe hade +neu<i>er</i> pechche</p> +<p>Of oþ<i>er</i> huee bot quyt Iolyf</p> +<p>Þat mot ne masklle moȝt on streche</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line844" id="pearl_line844">844</a></span> +For wolle quyte so ronk & ryf,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>teche</i>] MS. <i>tethe</i>.</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +Every spotless soul is a worthy bride for the Lamb.</span> +<p>For-þy vche saule þat hade neu<i>er</i> <span class="texttag">teche</span>,</p> +<p>Is to þat lombe a worthyly wyf;</p> +<p>And þaȝ vch day a store he feche,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +No strife or envy among the brides.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line848" id="pearl_line848">848</a></span> +Among v<i>us</i> co<i>m</i>meȝ non oþ<i>er</i> strot ne stryf,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>vchon enle</i>] <i>vch onlepi</i> (?).</span> +<p>Bot <span class="texttag">vchon <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note849">enle</a></span> we wolde were fyf,</p> +<p>Þe mo þe myryer so god me blesse.</p> +<p>I<i>n</i> compayny gret our luf con þryf</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line852" id="pearl_line852">852</a></span> +In hono<i>ur</i> more & neu<i>er</i> þe lesse.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">26</span> +<a name="page26" id="page26"> </a> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +None can have less bliss than another.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +Lasse of blysse may non v<i>us</i> bry<i>n</i>g</p> +<p>Þat beren þys perle vpon oure bereste,</p> +<p>For þay of mote couþe neu<i>er</i> my<i>n</i>ge,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line856" id="pearl_line856">856</a></span> +Of spotleȝ perleȝ þa[y] beren þe creste,</p> +<p>Al-þaȝ oure corses i<i>n</i> clotteȝ cly<i>n</i>ge,</p> +<p>& ȝe remen for rauþe wyth-outen reste,</p> +<p>We þurȝ-outly hauen cnawy<i>n</i>g;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Our death leads us to bliss.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line860" id="pearl_line860">860</a></span> +Of [o]n dethe ful oure hope is drest,</p> +<p>Þe lonbe v<i>us</i> gladeȝ, oure care is kest;</p> +<p>He myrþeȝ v<i>us</i> alle at vch a mes,</p> +<p>Vchoneȝ blysse is breme & beste,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line864" id="pearl_line864">864</a></span> +& neu<i>er</i> oneȝ hono<i>ur</i> ȝet neu<i>er</i> þe les.</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +THE VISION OF SAINT JOHN.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote page stanza">[Fol. 51<i>a</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>tale</i>] MS. <i>talle</i>, but <i>tale</i> in the catchwords.</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +What St. John saw upon the Mount of Sion.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +Lest les þ<i>o</i>u leue my <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note865"><span class="texttag">tale</span> farande</a>,</p> +<p>I<i>n</i> appocalyppece is wryten i<i>n</i> wro</p> +<p>I segh<i>e</i>, says Ioh<i>a</i>n, þe lou<i>m</i>be hy<i>m</i> +stande,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line868" id="pearl_line868">868</a></span> +On þe mou<i>n</i>t of syon ful þryuen & þro,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +About the Lamb he saw one hundred and forty thousand maidens.</span> +<p>& wyth hym mayde<i>n</i>neȝ an hu<i>n</i>dreþe þowsande</p> +<p>& fowre & forty þowsande mo</p> +<p>On alle her forhedeȝ wryten I fande,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line872" id="pearl_line872">872</a></span> +Þe lombeȝ nome, hys fadereȝ also.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He heard a voice from heaven, like many floods.</span> +<p>A <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note873">hue</a> fro heuen I +herde þoo,</p> +<p>Lyk flodeȝ fele laden, ru<i>n</i>ne<i>n</i> on resse,</p> +<p>& as þu<i>n</i>der þroweȝ i<i>n</i> torreȝ blo,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line876" id="pearl_line876">876</a></span> +Þat <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note876">lote</a> I leue watȝ +neu<i>er</i> þe les.</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +Nauþeles þaȝ hit schowted scharpe,</p> +<p>& ledden loude al-þaȝ hit were.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He heard the maiden sing a new song.</span> +<p>A note ful nwe I herde hem warpe,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line880" id="pearl_line880">880</a></span> +To lysten þat watȝ ful lufly dere,</p> +<p>As harporeȝ harpen in her harpe,</p> +<p>Þat nwe songe þay so<i>n</i>gen ful cler.</p> +<p>In sou<i>n</i>ande noteȝ a gentyl carpe,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line884" id="pearl_line884">884</a></span> +Ful fayre þe modeȝ þay fonge i<i>n</i> fere</p> +<p>Ryȝt byfore godeȝ chayere,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +So did the four beasts and the elders “so sad of cheer.”</span> +<p>& þe fowre besteȝ þat hy<i>m</i> obes,</p> +<p>& þe alder-men so sadde of chere,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line888" id="pearl_line888">888</a></span> +Her songe þay songen neu<i>er</i> þe les;</p> + +<span class="pagenum">27</span> +<a name="page27" id="page27"> </a> + +<p class="stanza"> +Nowþe-lese non watȝ neu<i>er</i> so quoy<i>n</i>t,</p> +<p>For alle þe crafteȝ þat eu<i>er</i> þay knewe.</p> +<p>Þat of þat songe myȝt sy<i>n</i>ge a poy<i>n</i>t,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line892" id="pearl_line892">892</a></span> +Bot þat meyny þe lombe þay swe,</p> +<p>For þay arn boȝt fro þe vrþe aloynte.</p> +<p>As newe fryt to god ful due</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +This assembly was like the Lamb, spotless and pure.</span> +<p>& to þe gentyl lombe hit arn amoy<i>n</i>t,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line896" id="pearl_line896">896</a></span> +As lyk to hym self of <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note896">lote</a> & hwe,</p> +<p>For neu<i>er</i> lesy<i>n</i>g ne tale vn-trwe,</p> +<p>Ne towched her tonge for no dysstresse.</p> +<p>Þat moteles meyny may neu<i>er</i> remwe,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line900" id="pearl_line900">900</a></span> +Fro þat maskeleȝ mayster neu<i>er</i> þe les.”</p> + +<span class="sidenote page stanza">[Fol. 51<i>b</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +The father replies to the maiden.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +“Neuer þe les let be my þonc,”</p> +<p>Q<i>uod</i> I, <ins class="quotation" title="orphaned open quote">“my</ins> perle þaȝ I appose,</p> +<p>I schulde not tempte þy wyt so wlonc,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line904" id="pearl_line904">904</a></span> +To krysteȝ chambre þat art Ichose,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He says he is but dust and ashes.</span> +<p>I am bot mokke & mul amo<i>n</i>g,</p> +<p>& þ<i>o</i>u so ryche a reken rose,</p> +<p>& bydeȝ here by þys blysful bonc</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line908" id="pearl_line908">908</a></span> +Þer lyueȝ lyste may neu<i>er</i> lose,</p> +<p>Now <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note909">hynde</a> þat +sympelnesse co<i>n</i>eȝ enclose,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He wishes to ask one question,</span> +<p>I wolde þe aske a þy<i>n</i>ge expresse,</p> +<p>& þaȝ I be <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note911">bustwys +as a blose</a></p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line912" id="pearl_line912">912</a></span> +Let my bone vayl neu<i>er</i> þe lese.</p> + + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +THE ABODE OF CHRIST’S BRIDES.</span></p> + +<h4><a name="pearl_XVI" id="pearl_XVI">XVI.</a></h4> + +<p class="firstline"> +Neuer þe lese cler I yow by-calle</p> +<p>If ȝe con se hyt be to done,</p> +<p>As þ<i>o</i>u art gloryo<i>u</i>s w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-outen galle,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line916" id="pearl_line916">916</a></span> +<a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note916">W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-nay +þ<i>o</i>u neu<i>er</i> my ruful bone.</a></p> +<span class="sidenote"> +whether the brides have their abode in castle-walls or in manor.</span> +<p>Haf ȝe no woneȝ i<i>n</i> castel walle,</p> +<p>Ne man<i>er</i> þer ȝe may mete & won?</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Jerusalem, he says, in Judea.</span> +<p>Þ<i>o</i>u telleȝ me of I<i>e</i>r<i>usa</i>l<i>e</i>m þe ryche +ryalle,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line920" id="pearl_line920">920</a></span> +Þer dauid dere watȝ dyȝt on trone,</p> +<p>Bot by þyse holteȝ hit con not hone</p> +<p>Bot in Iudee hit is þ<i>a</i>t noble note;</p> + +<span class="pagenum">28</span> +<a name="page28" id="page28"> </a> + +<p>As ȝe ar maskeleȝ vnder mone,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +But the dwelling of the brides should be perfect.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line924" id="pearl_line924">924</a></span> +Yo<i>ur</i> woneȝ schulde by wyth-outen mote.</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +Þys moteleȝ meyny þ<i>o</i>u coneȝ of mele,</p> +<p>Of þousandeȝ þryȝt so gret a route,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +For such “a comely pack” a great castle would be required.</span> +<p>A gret cete, for ȝe arn fele,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line928" id="pearl_line928">928</a></span> +Yow by-hod haue w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-outen doute;</p> +<p>So cu<i>m</i>ly a pakke of Ioly Iuele,</p> +<p>Wer euel don schulde lyȝ þ<i>er</i>-oute;</p> +<p>& by þyse bonkeȝ þer I con gele</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line932" id="pearl_line932">932</a></span> +& I se no bygy<i>n</i>g nawhere aboute,</p> +<p>I trowe al-one ȝe lenge & loute,</p> +<p>To loke on þe glory of þys g<i>ra</i>c[i]o<i>us</i> gote;</p> +<p>If þ<i>o</i>u hatȝ oþer lygy<i>n</i>geȝ stoute,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line936" id="pearl_line936">936</a></span> +Now tech me to þat myry mote.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page stanza">[Fol. 52<i>a</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +The city in Judæa, answers the maiden, is where Christ suffered, and is +the Old Jerusalem.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +“That mote þ<i>o</i>u meneȝ in Iudy londe,”</p> +<p>Þat specyal spyce þen to me spakk,</p> +<p><ins class="quotation" title="orphaned open quote">“Þat</ins> is +þe cyte þat þe lombe con fonde</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line940" id="pearl_line940">940</a></span> +To soffer i<i>n</i>ne sor for maneȝ sake,</p> +<p>Þe olde I<i>e</i>r<i>usa</i>l<i>e</i>m to vnder-stonde,</p> +<p>For þere þe olde gulte watȝ don to slake,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The New Jerusalem is where the Lamb has assembled his brides.</span> +<p>Bot þe nwe þat lyȝt of godeȝ sonde,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line944" id="pearl_line944">944</a></span> +Þe apostel in apocalyppce i<i>n</i> theme con take.</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>lombe</i>] The MS. reads <i>lompe</i>.</span> +<p>Þe <span class="texttag">lombe</span> þ<i>er</i>, +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-outen spotteȝ blake,</p> +<p>Hatȝ feryed þyder hys fayre flote,</p> +<p>& as hys flok is w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-outen flake,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line948" id="pearl_line948">948</a></span> +<a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note948">So is hys mote +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-outen moote.</a></p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +THE OLD AND NEW JERUSALEM.</span></p> + +<p class="stanza"> +Of motes two to carpe clene</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Jerusalem means the city of God.</span> +<p>& I<i>e</i>r<i>usa</i>l<i>e</i>m hyȝt boþe nawþeles,</p> +<p>Þat nys to yow no more to mene,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line952" id="pearl_line952">952</a></span> +Bot cete of god oþ<i>er</i> syȝt of pes.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +In the Old city our peace was made at one.</span> +<p>I<i>n</i> þat on oure pes watȝ mad at ene,</p> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> payne to suffer þe lombe hit chese,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +In the New city is eternal peace.</span> +<p>In þat oþ<i>er</i> is noȝt bot pes to glene,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line956" id="pearl_line956">956</a></span> +Þat ay schal laste w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-outen reles,</p> +<p>Þat is þe borȝ þat we to pres,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>flesch</i>] MS. <i>fresth</i>.</span> +<p>Fro þ<i>a</i>t oure <span class="texttag">flesch</span> be layd to +rote;</p> + +<span class="pagenum">29</span> +<a name="page29" id="page29"> </a> + +<p>Þer glory & blysse schal eu<i>er</i> encres,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line960" id="pearl_line960">960</a></span> +To þe meyny þ<i>a</i>t is w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-outen mote.</p> + + +<h4><a name="pearl_XVII" id="pearl_XVII">XVII.</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote firstline"> +The father prays his daughter to bring him to the blissful bower.</span> +<p class="firstline"> +“Moteleȝ may so meke & mylde,”</p> +<p>Þen sayde I to þat lufly flor,</p> +<p>“Bry<i>n</i>g me to þat bygly bylde,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line964" id="pearl_line964">964</a></span> +& let me se þy blysful bor.”</p> +<p>Þat schene sayde, þat god wyl schylde,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +His daughter tells him that he shall see the outside,</span> +<p><ins class="quotation" title="orphaned open quote">“Þ<i>o</i>u</ins> may not enter w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-i<i>n</i>ne +hys tor,</p> +<p>Bot of þe lombe I haue þe aquylde</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line968" id="pearl_line968">968</a></span> +For a syȝt þer-of þurȝ gret fauor.</p> +<p>Vt-wyth to se þat clene cloystor,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +but not a foot may he put in the city.</span> +<p>Þ<i>o</i>u may, bot i<i>n</i>wyth not a fote,</p> +<p>To strech in þe strete þ<i>o</i>u hatȝ no vygo<i>ur</i>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line972" id="pearl_line972">972</a></span> +Bot þ<i>o</i>u wer clene w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-outen mote.</p> + + +<h4><a name="pearl_XVIII" id="pearl_XVIII">XVIII.</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote page firstline">[Fol. 52<i>b</i>.]</span> +<p class="firstline"> +If I þis mote þe schal vn-hyde,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The maiden then tells her father to go along the bank till he comes to a +hill.</span> +<p>Bow vp to-warde þys borneȝ heued,</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note975">& I an-endeȝ þe on +þis syde</a></p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line976" id="pearl_line976">976</a></span> +<a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note975">Schal sve, tyl þ<i>o</i>u +to a hil be veued,</a></p> +<p>Þe<i>n</i> wolde [I] no lenger byde,</p> +<p>Bot lurked by lau<i>n</i>ceȝ so lufly leued,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He reaches the hill, and beholds the heavenly city.</span> +<p>Tyl on a hyl þat I asspyed</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line980" id="pearl_line980">980</a></span> +<a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note980">& blusched on þe +burgh<i>e</i>, as I forth dreued,</a></p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note980">By-ȝonde þe brok fro me +warde keued,</a></p> +<p>Þat schyrrer þen su<i>n</i>ne w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> schafteȝ schon;</p> +<p>I<i>n</i> þe apokalypce is þe fasou<i>n</i> preued,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line984" id="pearl_line984">984</a></span> +As deuyseȝ hit þe apostel Ihoñ.</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +A DESCRIPTION OF THE NEW JERUSALEM.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +As St. John saw it, so he beheld it.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +As Ioh<i>a</i>n þe apostel hit syȝ w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> syȝt</p> +<p>I syȝe þat cyty of gret renou<i>n</i>,</p> +<p>I<i>e</i>r<i>usa</i>l<i>e</i>m so nwe & ryally dyȝt,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line988" id="pearl_line988">988</a></span> +As hit watȝ lyȝt fro þe heuen adou<i>n</i>.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The city was of burnished gold.</span> +<p>Þe borȝ watȝ al of brende golde bryȝt,</p> +<p>As glemande glas burnist brou<i>n</i>,</p> +<span class="pagenum">30</span> +<a name="page30" id="page30"> </a> +<span class="sidenote"> +Pitched upon gems,</span> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> gentyl ge<i>m</i>meȝ an-vnder pyȝt;</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line992" id="pearl_line992">992</a></span> +W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> banteleȝ twelue on basy<i>n</i>g boun,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +<ins class="correction" title="text reads ‘The’">the</ins> +foundation composed of twelve stones.</span> +<p>Þe fou<i>n</i>dementeȝ twelue of riche tenou<i>n</i>;</p> +<p>Vch tabelment watȝ a serlypeȝ ston,</p> +<p>As derely deuyseȝ þis ilk tou<i>n</i>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line996" id="pearl_line996">996</a></span> +I<i>n</i> apocalyppeȝ þe apostel Ioh<i>a</i>n.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +The names of the precious stones.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +As þise stoneȝ i<i>n</i> writ con ne<i>m</i>me</p> +<p>I knew þe name aft<i>er</i> his tale;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +i. Jasper.</span> +<p>Iasper hyȝt þe fyrst ge<i>m</i>me,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1000" id="pearl_line1000">1000</a></span> +Þat I on þe fyrst basse con wale,</p> +<p>He glente grene i<i>n</i> þe lowest he<i>m</i>me.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +ii. Sapphire.</span> +<p>Saffer helde þe secou<i>n</i>de stale,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +iii. Chalcedony.</span> +<p>Þe calsydoyne þe<i>n</i>ne w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-outen we<i>m</i>me,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1004" id="pearl_line1004">1004</a></span> +I<i>n</i> þe þryd table con purly pale;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +iv. Emerald.</span> +<p>Þe emerade þe furþe so grene of scale;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +v. Sardonyx.</span> +<p>Þe sardonyse þe fyfþe ston;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +vi. Ruby.</span> +<p>Þe sexte þe rybe he con hit wale,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1008" id="pearl_line1008">1008</a></span> +I<i>n</i> þe apocalyppce þe apostel Ioh<i>a</i>n.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page stanza">[Fol. 53<i>a</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +vii. Chrysolite.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +Ȝet Ioyned Ioh<i>a</i>n þe crysolyt,</p> +<p>Þe seuenþe ge<i>m</i>me i<i>n</i> fundament;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +viii. Beryl.</span> +<p>Þe aȝtþe þe beryl cler & quyt</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +ix. Topaz.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1012" id="pearl_line1012">1012</a></span> +Þe topasye twy<i>n</i>ne how þe ne<i>n</i>te endent;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +x. Chrysoprasus.</span> +<p>Þe crysopase þe tenþe is tyȝt;</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>Iacy<em>n</em>gh</i>] <i>Iacynth</i> (?).</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +xi. Jacinth.</span> +<p>Þe <span class="texttag">Iacy<i>n</i>gh</span> þe enleuenþe +gent;</p> +<p>Þe twelfþe þe gentyleste i<i>n</i> veh a plyt,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +xii. Amethyst.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1016" id="pearl_line1016">1016</a></span> +Þe amatyst purpre w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> ynde blente;</p> +<p>Þe wal abof þe bantels bent,</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note1018">Masporye</a> as glas +þat glysnande schon,</p> +<p>I knew hit by his deuysement,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1020" id="pearl_line1020">1020</a></span> +I<i>n</i> þe apocalyppeȝ þe apostel I<i>o</i>h<i>a</i>n.</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +As Ioh<i>a</i>n deuysed ȝet saȝ I þare.</p> +<p>Þise twelue de-gres wern <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note1022">brode & stayre</a>,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The city was square.</span> +<p>Þe cyte stod abof ful sware,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1024" id="pearl_line1024">1024</a></span> +As longe as brode as hyȝe ful fayre;</p> +<p>Þe streteȝ of golde as glasse al bare,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The wall was of jasper.</span> +<p>Þe wal of Iasper <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note1026">þat +glent as glayre</a>;</p> + +<span class="pagenum">31</span> +<a name="page31" id="page31"> </a> + +<p>Þe woneȝ w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-i<i>n</i>ne enurned ware</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1028" id="pearl_line1028">1028</a></span> +Wyth alle ky<i>n</i>neȝ perre þat moȝt repayre,</p> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne helde vch sware of þis manayre,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Twelve thousand furlongs in length and breadth.</span> +<p>Twelue forlonge space er eu<i>er</i> hit <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note1030">fon</a>,</p> +<p>Of heȝt, of brede, of lenþe to cayre,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1032" id="pearl_line1032">1032</a></span> +For meten hit syȝ þe apostel Ioh<i>a</i>n.</p> + + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +NO SUN NOR MOON IN HEAVEN.</span></p> + +<h4><a name="pearl_XIX" id="pearl_XIX">XIX.</a></h4> + +<p class="firstline"> +As Ioh<i>a</i>n hy<i>m</i> wryteȝ ȝet more I syȝe</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Each “pane” had three gates.</span> +<p>Vch pane of þat place had þre ȝateȝ,</p> +<p>So twelue i<i>n</i> po<i>ur</i>sent I con asspye</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1036" id="pearl_line1036">1036</a></span> +Þe portaleȝ pyked of rych plateȝ</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Each gate adorned with a pearl.</span> +<p>& vch ȝate of a margyrye,</p> +<p>A parfyt perle þat neu<i>er</i> <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note1038">fateȝ</a>;</p> +<p>Vchon i<i>n</i> scrypture a name con plye,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1040" id="pearl_line1040">1040</a></span> +Of isr<i>ae</i>l barneȝ folewande her dateȝ,</p> +<p>Þat is to say as her byrþ <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note1041">whateȝ</a>;</p> +<p>Þe aldest ay fyrst þ<i>er</i>-on watȝ done.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Such light gleamed in all the streets, that there was no need of the sun +or moon.</span> +<p>Such lyȝt þer lemed i<i>n</i> alle þe strateȝ</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1044" id="pearl_line1044">1044</a></span> +Hem nedde nawþ<i>er</i> su<i>n</i>ne ne mone.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page stanza">[Fol. 53<i>b</i>.]</span> +<p class="stanza"> +Of su<i>n</i>ne ne mone had þay no nede</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>lompe</i>] MS. <i>lombe</i>.</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +God was the light of those in the city.</span> +<p>Þe self god watȝ her <span class="texttag">lompe</span> lyȝt,</p> +<p>Þe lombe her lantyrne w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-outen drede,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1048" id="pearl_line1048">1048</a></span> +Þurȝ hy<i>m</i> blysned þe borȝ al bryȝt.</p> +<p>Þurȝ woȝe & won my loky<i>n</i>g ȝede,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>moȝt</i>] MS. <i>noȝt</i>.</span> +<p>For sotyle cler <span class="texttag">moȝt</span> lette no +lyȝt;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The high throne might be seen, upon which the “high God” sat.</span> +<p>Þe hyȝe trone þer moȝt ȝe hede</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1052" id="pearl_line1052">1052</a></span> +W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> alle þe apparaylmente vmbe-pyȝte,</p> +<p>As Ioh<i>a</i>n þe appostel in termeȝ tyȝte;</p> +<p>Þe hyȝe godeȝ self hit set vpone.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +A river ran out of the throne;</span> +<p>A reu<i>er</i> of þe trone þer ran out-ryȝte</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1056" id="pearl_line1056">1056</a></span> +Watȝ bryȝter þen boþe þe su<i>n</i>ne & mone.</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +NO CHURCH IN HEAVEN.</span></p> + +<p class="stanza"> +Su<i>n</i>ne ne mone schon neu<i>er</i> so swete;</p> +<p>A! þat foysou<i>n</i> flode out of þat flet,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +it flowed through each street.</span> +<p>Swyþe hit swange þurȝ vch a strete,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1060" id="pearl_line1060">1060</a></span> +W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-outen fylþe oþ<i>er</i> galle oþ<i>er</i> glet.</p> +<span class="pagenum">32</span> +<a name="page32" id="page32"> </a> +<span class="sidenote"> +No church was seen.</span> +<p>Kyrk þer-i<i>n</i>ne watȝ non ȝete,</p> +<p>Chapel ne temple þat eu<i>er</i> watȝ set,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +God was the church; Christ the sacrifice.</span> +<p>Þe al-myȝty watȝ her mynyster mete,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1064" id="pearl_line1064">1064</a></span> +Þe lombe þe saker-fyse þer to reget;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The gates were ever open.</span> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note1065">Þe ȝates stoken watȝ +neu<i>er</i> ȝet,</a></p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note1065">Bot eu<i>er</i> more +vpen at vche a lone;</a></p> +<p>Þer entreȝ non to take reset,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>an-vnder</i>] MS. <i>an-vndeȝ</i>.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1068" id="pearl_line1068">1068</a></span> +Þat bereȝ any spot <span class="texttag">an-vnder</span> mone.</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +The mone may þer-of acroche no myȝte</p> +<p>To spotty, ho is of body to grym,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +There is no night in the city.</span> +<p>& al-so þ<i>er</i> ne is neu<i>er</i> nyȝt.</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1072" id="pearl_line1072">1072</a></span> +What schulde þe mone þer compas clym</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>lyȝt</i>] Or <i>syȝt</i>.</span> +<p>& <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note1073">to euen wyth</a> +þat worþly <span class="texttag">lyȝt</span>,</p> +<p>Þat schyneȝ vpon þe brokeȝ brym?</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The planets, and the sun itself, are dim compared to the divine +light.</span> +<p>Þe planeteȝ arn i<i>n</i> to pou<i>er</i> a plyȝt,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1076" id="pearl_line1076">1076</a></span> +& þe self su<i>n</i>ne ful fer to dym.</p> +<p>Aboute þat wat<i>er</i> arn tres ful schym,</p> +<p>Þat twelue fryteȝ of lyf con bere ful sone;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Trees there renew their fruit every month.</span> +<p>Twelue syþeȝ on ȝer þay beren ful frym</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1080" id="pearl_line1080">1080</a></span> +& re-nowleȝ nwe i<i>n</i> vche a mone.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 54<i>a</i>.]</span> +<p class="stanza"> +An-vnder mone so gret m<i>er</i>wayle</p> +<p>No fleschly hert ne myȝt endeure,</p> +<p>As quen I blusched vpon þat baly,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1084" id="pearl_line1084">1084</a></span> +So ferly þ<i>er</i>-of watȝ þe <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note1084">falure</a>.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The beholder of this fair city stood still as a “dased quail.”</span> +<p>I stod as stylle as dased quayle,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>french</i>] <i>fresch</i> (?).</span> +<p>For ferly of þat <span class="texttag">french</span> fygure,</p> +<p>Þat felde I nawþ<i>er</i> reste ne t<i>ra</i>uayle,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1088" id="pearl_line1088">1088</a></span> +So watȝ I rauyste wyth gly<i>m</i>me pure;</p> +<p>For I dar say, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> conciens sure,</p> +<p>Hade bodyly burne abiden þat bone,</p> +<p>Þaȝ alle clerkeȝ hy<i>m</i> hade i<i>n</i> cure,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1092" id="pearl_line1092">1092</a></span> +His lyf wer loste an-vnder mone.</p> + + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +A PROCESSION OF VIRGINS.</span></p> + +<h4><a name="pearl_XX" id="pearl_XX">XX.</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote firstline"> +As the moon began to rise he was aware of a procession</span> +<p class="firstline"> +Ryȝt as þe maynful mone con rys,</p> +<p>Er þe<i>n</i>ne þe day-glem dryue al dou<i>n</i>,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">33</span> +<a name="page33" id="page33"> </a> + +<p>So sodanly on a wonder wyse,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1096" id="pearl_line1096">1096</a></span> +I watȝ war of a prosessyou<i>n</i>,</p> +<p>Þis noble cite of ryche enpresse</p> +<p>Watȝ sodanly ful w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-outen so<i>m</i>mou<i>n</i></p> +<span class="sidenote"> +of virgins crowned with pearls,</span> +<p>Of such v<i>er</i>gyneȝ i<i>n</i> þe same gyse</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1100" id="pearl_line1100">1100</a></span> +Þat watȝ my blysful an-vnder crou<i>n</i>,</p> +<p>& coronde wern alle of þe same fasou<i>n</i></p> +<span class="sidenote"> +in white robes,</span> +<p>Depaynt i<i>n</i> perleȝ & wedeȝ qwyte,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +with a pearl in their breast.</span> +<p>I<i>n</i> vchoneȝ breste watȝ bou<i>n</i>den bou<i>n</i>,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>w<em>i</em>t<em>h</em> gret</i>] MS. <i>with outen</i>.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1104" id="pearl_line1104">1104</a></span> +Þe blysful perle <span class="texttag">w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> gret</span> +delyt.</p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +As they went along they shone as glass.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> gret delyt þay glod i<i>n</i> fere,</p> +<p>On golden gateȝ þat glent as glasse;</p> +<p>Hu<i>n</i>dreth þowsandeȝ I wot þer were,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1108" id="pearl_line1108">1108</a></span> +& alle in sute her liureȝ wasse,</p> +<p>Tor to knaw þe gladdest chere.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The Lamb went before them.</span> +<p>Þe lombe byfore con proudly passe,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>golde</i>] MS. <i>glode</i>.</span> +<p>Wyth horneȝ seuen of red <span class="texttag">golde</span> +cler,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1112" id="pearl_line1112">1112</a></span> +As praysed perleȝ his wedeȝ wasse;</p> +<p>Towarde þe throne þay trone a tras.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +There was no pressing.</span> +<p>Þaȝ þay wern fele no pres i<i>n</i> plyt,</p> +<p>Bot mylde as maydeneȝ seme at mas,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1116" id="pearl_line1116">1116</a></span> +So droȝ þay forth w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> gret delyt.</p> + +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 54<i>b</i>.]</span> +<p class="stanza"> +Delyt þ<i>a</i>t hys come encroched,</p> +<p>To much hit were of for to melle;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The “alder men” fell groveling at the feet of the Lamb.</span> +<p>Þise alder men quen he aproched,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1120" id="pearl_line1120">1120</a></span> +Grouely<i>n</i>g to his fete þay felle;</p> +<p>Legyou<i>n</i>es of au<i>n</i>geleȝ togeder uoched,</p> +<p>Þer kesten ensens of swete smelle,</p> +<p>Þen glory & gle watȝ nwe abroched.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +All sang in praise of the Lamb.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1124" id="pearl_line1124">1124</a></span> +Al songe <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note1124">to loue</a> þat +gay Iuelle,</p> +<p>Þe steuen moȝt stryke þurȝ þe vrþe to helle,</p> +<p>Þat þe v<i>er</i>tues of heuen of Ioye endyte,</p> +<p>To loue þe lombe his meyny <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note1127">in melle</a>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1128" id="pearl_line1128">1128</a></span> +I-wysse I laȝt a gret delyt;</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +Delit þe lo<i>m</i>be forto deuise,</p> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> much meruayle in mynde went.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">34</span> +<a name="page34" id="page34"> </a> + +<p>Best watȝ he, blyþest & moste to pryse,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1132" id="pearl_line1132">1132</a></span> +Þat eu<i>er</i> I herde of speche spent,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The Lamb wore white weeds.</span> +<p>So worþly whyt wern wedeȝ hys;</p> +<p>His lokeȝ symple, hy<i>m</i> self so gent,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +A wide wound was seen near his breast.</span> +<p>Bot a wou<i>n</i>de ful wyde & weete con wyse</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1136" id="pearl_line1136">1136</a></span> +An-ende hys hert þurȝ hyde to-rente;</p> +<p>Of his quyte syde his blod out-sprent,</p> +<p>A-las! þoȝt I, who did þat spyt?</p> +<p>Ani breste for bale aȝt haf for-brent,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1140" id="pearl_line1140">1140</a></span> +Er he þer-to hade had delyt,</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +HE WISHES TO CROSS THE STREAM.</span></p> + +<p class="stanza"> +<a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note1141">The lombe delyt</a> non +lyste to wene,</p> +<p>Þaȝ he were hurt & wou<i>n</i>de hade,</p> +<p>I<i>n</i> his sembelau<i>n</i>t watȝ neu<i>er</i> sene,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Joy was in his looks.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1144" id="pearl_line1144">1144</a></span> +So wern his glenteȝ gloryo<i>us</i> glade.</p> +<p>I loked amo<i>n</i>g his meyny schene,</p> +<p>How þay wyth lyf wern <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note1146">laste & lade</a>,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The father perceives his little queen.</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i> saȝ I þer my lyttel quene,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1148" id="pearl_line1148">1148</a></span> +Þat I wende had standen by me i<i>n</i> sclade;</p> +<p>Lorde! much of mirþe watȝ þat ho made,</p> +<p>Amo<i>n</i>g her fereȝ þat watȝ so quyt!</p> +<p>Þat syȝt me gart to þenk to wade,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1152" id="pearl_line1152">1152</a></span> +For luf longy<i>n</i>g i<i>n</i> gret delyt.</p> + + +<h4><a name="pearl_XXI" id="pearl_XXI">XXI.</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote page firstline">[Fol. 55<i>a</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +Great delight takes possession of his mind.</span> +<p class="firstline"> +Delyt me drof i<i>n</i> yȝe & ere,</p> +<p>My maneȝ mynde to maddy<i>n</i>g malte;</p> +<p>Quen I seȝ my frely I wolde be þere,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1156" id="pearl_line1156">1156</a></span> +Byȝonde þe water, þaȝ ho were walte,</p> +<p>I þoȝt þat no þy<i>n</i>g myȝt me dere</p> +<p>To fech me bur & take me halte;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He attempts to cross the stream.</span> +<p>& to start in þe strem schulde non me stere,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1160" id="pearl_line1160">1160</a></span> +To swy<i>m</i>me þe remnau<i>n</i>t, þaȝ I þer swalte,</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note1161">Bot of þat mu<i>n</i>t +I watȝ bi-talt</a>;</p> +<p>When I schulde start i<i>n</i> þe strem astraye,</p> +<p>Out of þat caste I watȝ <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note1163">by-calt</a>;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +It was not pleasing to the Lord.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1164" id="pearl_line1164">1164</a></span> +Hit watȝ not at my prynceȝ paye,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">35</span> +<a name="page35" id="page35"> </a> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +THE FATHER OF THE MAIDEN AWAKES.</span></p> + +<p class="stanza"> +Hit payed hym not þat I so <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note1165">flonc</a>,</p> +<p>Ou<i>er</i> meruelo<i>us</i> mereȝ so mad arayde,</p> +<p>Of raas þaȝ I were rasch & ronk,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1168" id="pearl_line1168">1168</a></span> +Ȝet rapely þer-i<i>n</i>ne I watȝ restayed;</p> +<p>For ryȝt as I sparred vn-to þe bonc,</p> +<p>Þat brathe out of my drem me brayde;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The dreamer awakes,</span> +<p>Þen wakned I i<i>n</i> þat erber wlonk,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1172" id="pearl_line1172">1172</a></span> +My hede vpon þat hylle watȝ layde,</p> +<p>Þer as my perle to grou<i>n</i>de strayd;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and is in great sorrow.</span> +<p>I raxled & fel i<i>n</i> gret affray,</p> +<p>& syky<i>n</i>g to my self I sayd:</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1176" id="pearl_line1176">1176</a></span> +“Now al be to þat prynceȝ paye.”</p> + +<p class="stanza"> +Me payed ful ille to be out-fleme,</p> +<p>So sodenly of þat fayre regiou<i>n</i>,</p> +<p>Fro alle þo syȝteȝ so quykeȝ & queme.</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1180" id="pearl_line1180">1180</a></span> +A longey<i>n</i>g heuy me strok i<i>n</i> swone,</p> +<p>& rewfully þe<i>n</i>ne I con to reme;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He addresses his pearl;</span> +<p>“O perle,” q<i>uod</i> I, “of rych renou<i>n</i>,</p> +<p>So watȝ hit me dere þ<i>a</i>t þ<i>o</i>u con deme,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1184" id="pearl_line1184">1184</a></span> +I<i>n</i> þys v<i>er</i>ay avysyou<i>n</i>;</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>If</i>] MS. <i>inf</i>.</span> +<p><span class="texttag">If</span> hit be ueray & soth +sermou<i>n</i>,</p> +<p>Þat þ<i>o</i>u so stykeȝ i<i>n</i> garlande gay,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +laments his rash curiosity.</span> +<p>So wel is me i<i>n</i> þys doel dou<i>n</i>gou<i>n</i>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1188" id="pearl_line1188">1188</a></span> +Þat þ<i>o</i>u art to þat prynseȝ paye.”</p> + +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 55<i>b</i>.]</span> +<p class="stanza"> +To þat prynceȝ paye hade I ay bente,</p> +<p>& ȝerned no more þen watȝ me geuen,</p> +<p>& halden me þer in trwe entent,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1192" id="pearl_line1192">1192</a></span> +As þe perle me prayed þat watȝ so þryuen,</p> +<p>As <a class="noteref" href="#pearl_note1193">helde</a> drawen to +goddeȝ p<i>re</i>sent,</p> +<p>To mo of his mysterys I hade ben dryuen.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Men desire more than they have any right to expect.</span> +<p>Bot ay wolde man of happe more hente</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1196" id="pearl_line1196">1196</a></span> +Þen moȝten by ryȝt vpon hem clyuen;</p> +<p>Þer-fore my ioye watȝ sone to-riuen,</p> +<p>& I kaste of kytheȝ þat lasteȝ aye.</p> +<p>Lorde! mad hit arn þat agayn þe stryuen,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1200" id="pearl_line1200">1200</a></span> +Oþ<i>er</i> proferen þe oȝt agayn þy paye;</p> + +<span class="pagenum">36</span> +<a name="page36" id="page36"> </a> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +GOD GIVE US GRACE TO SERVE HIM.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote stanza"> +The good Christian knows how to make peace with God.</span> +<p class="stanza"> +To pay þe p<i>r</i>ince oþ<i>er</i> sete saȝte,</p> +<p>Hit is ful eþe to þe god krystyin;</p> +<p>For I haf fou<i>n</i>den hym boþe day & naȝte,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1204" id="pearl_line1204">1204</a></span> +A god, a lorde, a frende ful fyin.</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>hyl</i>] MS. <i>hyiil</i>.<br> +<span class="mynote"> +1864 edition had “hyiil”, with note “<i>hye-hil</i> or +<i>hyul</i>?”</span></span> +<p>Ou<i>er</i> þis <span class="texttag">hyl</span> þis lote I +laȝte,</p> +<p>For pyty of my perle enclyin,</p> +<p>& syþen to god I hit by-taȝte,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1208" id="pearl_line1208">1208</a></span> +In krysteȝ dere blessy<i>n</i>g & myn,</p> +<p>Þat in þe forme of bred & wyn,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +God give us grace to be his servants!</span> +<p>Þe preste v<i>us</i> scheweȝ vch a daye;</p> +<p>He gef v<i>us</i> to be his homly hyne,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="pearl_line1212" id="pearl_line1212">1212</a></span> +Ande precio<i>us</i> perleȝ vnto his pay. Amen. Amen.</p> + +</div> + +<div class="notes"> + +<span class="pagenum">105</span> +<a name="page105" id="page105"> </a> +<h4 class="smallcaps"><a name="pearl_notes" id="pearl_notes"> +Notes to The Pearl.</a></h4> + +<hr class="micro"> + +<p class="mynote"> +The Notes were printed in a group, immediately before the Index. They +have been distributed among the three poems for convenience.</p> + +<table class="notes" summary="two columns of text"> +<tr> +<td class="full"><p>Page 1.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="pearl_note2" id="pearl_note2" href="#pearl">2</a>, +<i>to</i>, very.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note8" id="pearl_note8" href="#pearl_line8">8</a> <i>sengeley in synglure</i>, ever in singleness +(uniqueness).</p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>Now is Susan in sale <i>sengeliche</i> arayed.</p> +<p class="author">Pistel of Susan, Vernon MS., fol. 317.</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="pearl_note11" id="pearl_note11" href="#pearl_line8">11</a> <i>dewyne</i>, pine; <i>for-dolked</i>, +for-wounded (severely hurt).</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note16" id="pearl_note16" href="#pearl_line16">16</a> <i>heuen my happe</i>, increase my happiness.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note17" id="pearl_note17" href="#pearl_line16">17</a> <i>þrych my hert þrange</i>, through my heart +pierce.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note20" id="pearl_note20" href="#pearl_line20">20</a> <i>stylle stounde</i>, a secret sorrow.</p> + +<p class="float"><a name="pearl_note23" id="pearl_note23" href="#pearl_line20">23</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>O moul þou marreȝ a myry mele,</i></p> +<p class="gloss">O mould (earth) thou spoilest a merry discourse.</p> +</div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 2.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset float"> +l. <a name="pearl_note27" id="pearl_note27" href="#pearl_line24">27</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>Blomeȝ blayke & blwe & rede</i>,</p> +<p class="gloss">Flowers yellow, blue, and red.</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="pearl_note49" id="pearl_note49" href="#pearl_line48">49</a> <i>spenned</i>, wrung.</p> + +<p class="float3"><a name="pearl_note51" id="pearl_note51" href="#pearl_line48">51</a>, <a name="pearl_note52" id="pearl_note52" href="#pearl_line52">52</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p>A secret grief in my heart dinned (resounded),</p> +<p>Though reason set myself at peace.</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="pearl_note53" id="pearl_note53" href="#pearl_line52">53</a> <i>spenned</i>, allured, enticed away.</p> + +<p class="float"><a name="pearl_note54" id="pearl_note54" href="#pearl_line52">54</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>Wyth fyrte skylleȝ þat faste faȝt</i>,</p> +<p class="gloss">With trembling doubts that fast fought +(struggled).</p> +</div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 3.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="pearl_note76" id="pearl_note76" href="#pearl_line76">76</a> bolleȝ = <i>boleȝ</i>, trunks of trees.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note78" id="pearl_note78" href="#pearl_line76">78</a> <i>on <ins class="correction" title="text reads ‘vcha‘">vch a</ins> tynde</i>, on each branch.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note92" id="pearl_note92" href="#pearl_line92">92</a> <i>reken myrþe</i>, pleasant, joyous mirth.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 4.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="pearl_note99" id="pearl_note99" href="#pearl_line96">99</a> <i>Þe derþe þer-of</i>, the value (preciousness) +thereof.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note101" id="pearl_note101" href="#pearl_line100">101</a> <i>in wely wyse</i>, in joyful mood.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note102" id="pearl_note102" href="#pearl_line100">102</a> <i>dereȝ</i>, injuries, harms.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note103" id="pearl_note103" href="#pearl_line100">103</a> <i>fyrre</i>, farther.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note105" id="pearl_note105" href="#pearl_line104">105</a> <i>raweȝ & randeȝ</i>, borders and +paths.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note107" id="pearl_note107" href="#pearl_line104">107</a> <i>I wan to</i>, I reached. <i>Winne</i> in +O.E. was used much in the same way as we now employ the word +<i>get</i>.</p> + +<p class="float"><a name="pearl_note112" id="pearl_note112" href="#pearl_line112">112</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>Wyth a rownande rourde raykande aryȝt</i>,</p> +<p class="gloss">With a murmuring (whispering) sound flowing +aright.</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="pearl_note113" id="pearl_note113" href="#pearl_line112">113</a> <i>founce</i>, bottom; <i>stepe</i>, +bright.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note114" id="pearl_note114" href="#pearl_line112">114</a> <i>glente</i>, shone; <i>glyȝt</i>, +glistened.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note115" id="pearl_note115" href="#pearl_line112">115</a> <i>A</i>[<i>s</i>] <i>stremande sterneȝ</i>, as +glittering stars; <i>stroþe</i>, stout, brave.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note119" id="pearl_note119" href="#pearl_line116">119</a> <i>loȝe</i>, deep.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note125" id="pearl_note125" href="#pearl_line124">125</a> <i>dryȝly haleȝ</i>, strongly (<i>or</i> +deeply) flows.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note126" id="pearl_note126" href="#pearl_line124">126</a> <i>bred ful</i> = <i>bred-ful</i> = +<i>bretful</i> (?), full to the brim.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 5.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="pearl_note131" id="pearl_note131" href="#pearl_line128">131</a> <i>wayneȝ</i>, grants.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note132" id="pearl_note132" href="#pearl_line132">132</a> <i>hitteȝ</i>, seeks.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note138" id="pearl_note138" href="#pearl_line136">138</a> <i>gayn</i>, opposite.</p> + +<p class="float"><a name="pearl_note142" id="pearl_note142" href="#pearl_line140">142</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>I hopede þat mote merked wore</i>,</p> +<p class="gloss">I supposed that building was devised.</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="pearl_note149" id="pearl_note149" href="#pearl_line148">149</a> <i>stote & stare</i>, stand (loiter) and +gape.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">106</span> +<a name="page106" id="page106"> </a> + +<p class="float3"><a name="pearl_note150" id="pearl_note150" href="#pearl_line148">150-1</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>To fynde a forþe, faste con I fonde,</i></p> +<p><i>Bot woþeȝ mo I-wysse þer ware,</i></p> +<p class="gloss">To find a way fast did I go,</p> +<p class="gloss">But paths more indeed there were.</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="pearl_note153" id="pearl_note153" href="#pearl_line152">153</a> <i>wonde</i>, cease, abstain (from fear).</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note155" id="pearl_note155" href="#pearl_line152">155</a> <i>nwe note</i>, a new matter.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note163" id="pearl_note163" href="#pearl_line160">163</a> <i>blysnande whyt</i>, glistening white. See +<a name="pearl_note197" id="pearl_note197" href="#pearl_line196">197</a>.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 6.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="pearl_note165" id="pearl_note165" href="#pearl_line164">165</a> <i>schere</i>, purify, refine.</p> + +<p class="float"><a name="pearl_note169" id="pearl_note169" href="#pearl_line168">169</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>Þe more I frayste hyr fayre face.</i></p> +<p class="gloss">The more I examined her fair face.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>frayst</i> (<i>fraist</i>) usually signifies to try, tempt.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note170" id="pearl_note170" href="#pearl_line168">170</a> <i>fonte</i>, tried, examined, +<i>found</i>.</p> + +<p class="float"><a name="pearl_note176" id="pearl_note176" href="#pearl_line176">176</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>Such a burre myȝt make myn herte blunt</i>,</p> +<p class="gloss">Such a blow might make mine heart faint.</p> +</div> + +<p class="float"><a name="pearl_note179" id="pearl_note179" href="#pearl_line176">179</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>Þat stonge myn hert ful stray atount</i>,</p> +</div> + +<p>Should we not read—Þat stonge myn hert ful stray a stount (?), +“full stray a stount” = a blow full stray.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note187" id="pearl_note187" href="#pearl_line184">187</a> <i>chos</i>, was following, was seeking.</p> + +<p class="float"><a name="pearl_note188" id="pearl_note188" href="#pearl_line188">188</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>Er I at steuen hir moȝt stalle</i>,</p> +<p class="gloss">Before I could place her within reach of +discourse.</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="pearl_note190" id="pearl_note190" href="#pearl_line188">190</a> <i>seme</i> = <i>semely</i>, seemly.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 7.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="pearl_note208" id="pearl_note208" href="#pearl_line208">208</a> <i>flurted</i>, figured. Cf. <i>flurt</i>-silk, +figured-silk.</p> + +<p class="float"><a name="pearl_note210" id="pearl_note210" href="#pearl_line208">210</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>Her here heke al hyr vmbe-gon</i>,</p> +<p class="gloss">Her hair eke (also) all her about gone.</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="pearl_note212" id="pearl_note212" href="#pearl_line212">212</a> <i>Her ble more blaȝt</i>, her complexion +whiter.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note213" id="pearl_note213" href="#pearl_line212">213</a> <i>schorne golde schyr</i><ins class="correction" title=", missing">, </ins>refined gold pure.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note216" id="pearl_note216" href="#pearl_line216">216</a> <i>porfyl</i>, hem of a dress, or rather an +embroidered hem.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note217" id="pearl_note217" href="#pearl_line216">217</a> <i>poyned</i>, ornamented, trimmed.</p> + +<p class="float3"><a name="pearl_note223" id="pearl_note223" href="#pearl_line220">223-4</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>A manneȝ dom myȝt dryȝly demme<ins class="correction" title="text has . for ,">, </ins></i></p> +<p><i>Er mynde moȝt malte in hit mesure,</i></p> +<p class="gloss">A man’s judgment might greatly dim,</p> +<p class="gloss">Before (his) mind could discourse of it in sufficient +terms of praise.</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="pearl_note226" id="pearl_note226" href="#pearl_line224">226</a> <i>No</i> = <i>ne</i> (nor) would be a better +reading.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note230" id="pearl_note230" href="#pearl_line228">230</a> <i>wyþer half</i>, opposite side.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 8.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="pearl_note243" id="pearl_note243" href="#pearl_line240">243</a> <i>myn one</i>, myself.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note244" id="pearl_note244" href="#pearl_line244">244</a> <i>layned</i>, kept secret, hidden.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note251" id="pearl_note251" href="#pearl_line248">251</a> <i>Fro</i>, from the time that. <i>towen +& twayned</i>, made two and separated.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 9.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="pearl_note272" id="pearl_note272" href="#pearl_line272">272</a> <i>is put in pref</i>, has been proved.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note275" id="pearl_note275" href="#pearl_line272">275</a> <i>bote of þy meschef</i>, the remedy of thy +misfortune (misery).</p> + +<p class="float"><a name="pearl_note290" id="pearl_note290" href="#pearl_line288">290</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>Wy borde ȝe men so madde ȝe be?</i></p> +<p class="gloss">Why should you talk, so foolish you are?</p> +</div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 10.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="pearl_note307" id="pearl_note307" href="#pearl_line304">307</a> <i>westernays</i>, wrongly, in vain? It may be +another form of westernways, from the A.Sax. <i>wéste</i>, barren, +empty; <i>wéstern</i>, a desert place. Or is it connected with +A.Sax. <i>winstre</i>, the left hand?</p> + +<p class="float"><a name="pearl_note320" id="pearl_note320" href="#pearl_line320">320</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>Þy corse in clot mot colder keue</i>,</p> +<p class="gloss">Thy body in earth (clods) must colder plunge.</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="pearl_note321" id="pearl_note321" href="#pearl_line320">321</a> <i>for-garte</i> forfeited.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note322" id="pearl_note322" href="#pearl_line320">322</a> <i>ȝore fader</i> for <i>form-fader</i>, +first-father.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note323" id="pearl_note323" href="#pearl_line320">323</a> <i>drwry</i> = <i>drery</i>, dreary (?). +<i>boȝ</i> (= <i>bos</i> = <i>bus</i> ?) <i>vch ma</i> +(<i>man</i> ?) <i>dreue</i>, behoves each man to drive (go). See +<a href="#clean_line684">B. l. 687</a>.</p> + +<p class="float3"><a name="pearl_note327" id="pearl_note327" href="#pearl_line324">327-8</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>Now haf I fonte þat I for-lete</i></p> +<p><i>Schal I efte forgo hit er euer I fyne?</i></p> +<p class="gloss">Now I have found what I have lost.</p> +<p class="gloss">Shall I again forego it ere ever I die?</p> +</div> + +<span class="pagenum">107</span> +<a name="page107" id="page107"> </a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 11.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="pearl_note336" id="pearl_note336" href="#pearl_line336">336</a> <i>durande doel</i>, lasting grief.</p> + +<p class="float"><a name="pearl_note343" id="pearl_note343" href="#pearl_line340">343</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>For anger gayneȝ þe not a cresse</i>,</p> +<p class="gloss">For anger avails <ins class="correction" title="text unchanged: error for ‘thee’?">the</ins> not a cress, (<i>i.e.</i> +not a mite).</p> +</div> + +<p>Cf. the following passage from “<ins class="correction" title="text reads ‘Piers’’ with apostrophe">Piers</ins> Ploughman,” p. 174, +l. 5629:</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Wisdom and wit now</p> +<p>Is noght worth a <i>kerse</i>.”</p> +</div> + +<p class="float"><a name="pearl_note353" id="pearl_note353" href="#pearl_line352">353</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>Stynst (stynt?) of þy strot & fyne to flyte</i>,</p> +<p class="gloss">Leave off thy complaining and cease to chide.</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="pearl_note354" id="pearl_note354" href="#pearl_line352">354</a> <i>blyþe</i> is here used as a substantive in +the sense of bliss, joy. <i>swefte</i> = swift.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note356" id="pearl_note356" href="#pearl_line356">356</a> <i>hyr crafteȝ kyþe</i>, manifest her +powers.</p> + +<p class="float4"><a name="pearl_note359" id="pearl_note359" href="#pearl_line356">359-60</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>For marre oþer madde, morne & myþe,</i></p> +<p><i>Al lys in him to dyȝt & deme.</i></p> +<p class="gloss">For to ruin, or make foolish, grieve or to +soothe,</p> +<p class="gloss">All lies in him to order and doom.</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="pearl_note363" id="pearl_note363" href="#pearl_line360">363</a> <i>If rapely raue</i>, etc. = <i>If rapely I +raue</i>, etc. (?)</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note368" id="pearl_note368" href="#pearl_line368">368</a> Though I go astray, my dear, adored one.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 12.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="pearl_note369" id="pearl_note369" href="#pearl_line368">369</a> <i>lyþeȝ</i>, grant.</p> + +<p class="float"><a name="pearl_note374" id="pearl_note374" href="#pearl_line372">374</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>Bot much þe bygger ȝet watȝ my mon,</i></p> +<p><i>Fro þou watȝ wroken fro vch a woþe.</i></p> +<p class="gloss">But much the greater yet was my moan (sorrow),</p> +<p class="gloss">From (the time) thou wast banished from every +path.</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="pearl_note377" id="pearl_note377" href="#pearl_line376">377</a> <i>now leþeȝ my loþe</i>, now my sorrow ceases +(is softened).</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note382" id="pearl_note382" href="#pearl_line380">382</a> <i>marereȝ</i> = <i>mareȝ</i> (?).</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note386" id="pearl_note386" href="#pearl_line384">386</a> <i>mate</i>, dejected.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note402" id="pearl_note402" href="#pearl_line400">402</a> <i>I hete þe</i>, I promise the.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 14.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="pearl_note446" id="pearl_note446" href="#pearl_line444">446</a> <i>in hyt self beyng</i>, in its very +being.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note455" id="pearl_note455" href="#pearl_line452">455</a> <i>gyng</i>, company.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note460" id="pearl_note460" href="#pearl_line460">460</a> <i>Temen</i>, are united, joined. +<i>tryste</i>, trusty, faithful, firm.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 16.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="pearl_note511" id="pearl_note511" href="#pearl_line508">511</a> <i>wryþen</i>, toil, literally to turn, +twist.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note512" id="pearl_note512" href="#pearl_line512">512</a> <i>keruen</i>, dig. <i>caggen</i>, draw. + <i>man</i> = <i>maken</i>, make. Cf. <i>ma</i> = make, <i>ta</i> += take, <i>tan</i> = taken.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note522" id="pearl_note522" href="#pearl_line520">522</a> <i>toȝt</i>, binding, firm.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note524" id="pearl_note524" href="#pearl_line524">524</a> <i>pray</i> (so in MS.), read <i>pay</i>.</p> + +<p><a class="error" name="pearl_note536" id="pearl_note536" href="#pearl_line536" title="text reads ‘535’">536</a> <i>at ȝe moun</i>, +that ye are able.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 17.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="pearl_note560" id="pearl_note560" href="#pearl_line560">560</a> <i>a grete</i>, in the gross, a head.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note563" id="pearl_note563" href="#pearl_line560">563</a> <i>plete</i>, plead, ask for.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note572" id="pearl_note572" href="#pearl_line572">572</a> <i>be</i> = <i>he</i> (?).</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 18.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset float"> +l. <a name="pearl_note575" id="pearl_note575" href="#pearl_line572">575</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>Þaȝ her sweng wyth lyttel at-slykeȝ</i>,</p> +<p class="gloss">Though their labour (blow) with little falls off +(fails to accomplish much).</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="pearl_note605" id="pearl_note605" href="#pearl_line604">605</a> <i>chyche</i>, niggard.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note608" id="pearl_note608" href="#pearl_line608">608</a> <i>goteȝ</i>, streams; <i>charde</i>, +past tense of <i>charre</i>, to turn, deviate.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 19.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="pearl_note617" id="pearl_note617" href="#pearl_line616">617</a> <i>bourne abate</i> = <i>burne abade</i>, man +continued.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note626" id="pearl_note626" href="#pearl_line624">626</a> <i>by lyne</i>, by lineage descent.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 20.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset float"> +l. <a name="pearl_note645" id="pearl_note645" href="#pearl_line644">645</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>Bot þer on com a bote as-tyt</i>,</p> +<p class="gloss">But there came one as a remedy at once.</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="pearl_note659" id="pearl_note659" href="#pearl_line656">659</a> <i>in sely stounde</i>, in a happy moment.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note671" id="pearl_note671" href="#pearl_line668">671</a> <i>glente</i>, fell, slided.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 21.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="pearl_note680" id="pearl_note680" href="#pearl_line680">680</a> <i>dylle</i>, slow, sluggish.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note681" id="pearl_note681" href="#pearl_line680">681</a> <i>dyt</i> = <i>dyde</i>, did (?), or +<i>dotȝ</i>, does (?).</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note690" id="pearl_note690" href="#pearl_line688">690</a> <i>oure</i>, prayer.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 22.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="pearl_note726" id="pearl_note726" href="#pearl_line724">726</a> <i>sulpande synne</i>, defiling, polluting, +sin.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note727" id="pearl_note727" href="#pearl_line724">727</a> <i>bylde</i>, building.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note735" id="pearl_note735" href="#pearl_line732">735</a> <i>reme</i>, realm.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 23.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="pearl_note752" id="pearl_note752" href="#pearl_line752">752</a> <i>Of carpe</i>, discourse of.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note754" id="pearl_note754" href="#pearl_line752">754</a> <i>hauyng</i>, condition, behaviour.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note757" id="pearl_note757" href="#pearl_line756">757</a> <i>bete</i>, save, ransom.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note759" id="pearl_note759" href="#pearl_line756">759</a> <i>make</i>, wife.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note775" id="pearl_note775" href="#pearl_line772">775</a> <i>vnder cambe</i> = <i>under-cam</i>, came +under, took an inferior position (?).</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 24.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset float"> +l. <a name="pearl_note802" id="pearl_note802" href="#pearl_line800">802</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>& as a lombe þat clypper in lande nem</i>,</p> +<p class="gloss">And as a lamb that a <i>shearer</i> has taken, +etc.</p> +</div> + +<span class="pagenum">108</span> +<a name="page108" id="page108"> </a> + +<p><a name="pearl_note813" id="pearl_note813" href="#pearl_line812">813-4</a> For us he let himself be scourged and +buffetted, and stretched upon a rough tree (<i>i.e.</i> nailed to the +cross).</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 25.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="pearl_note836" id="pearl_note836" href="#pearl_line836">836</a> <i>as bare</i>, (?) <i>al bare</i>, openly. See +<a href="#pearl_line1024">1025</a>.</p> + +<p class="float"><a name="pearl_note837" id="pearl_note837" href="#pearl_line836">837</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>Lesande þe boke with leueȝ sware</i>,</p> +<p class="gloss">Opening the book with leaves square.</p> +</div> + +<p class="float"><a name="pearl_note839" id="pearl_note839" href="#pearl_line836">839</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>& at þat syȝt vche douth con dare</i>,</p> +<p class="gloss">And at that sight each doughty (one) did tremble +(with fear).</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="pearl_note849" id="pearl_note849" href="#pearl_line848">849</a> enle = <i>eneli</i> = onely or <i>onlepi</i> +(?) = singly, alone.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 26.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a class="error" name="pearl_note865" id="pearl_note865" href="#pearl_line864" title="text reads ‘864’">865</a> <i>talle farande</i> += <i>tale farande</i>, pleasing story.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note873" id="pearl_note873" href="#pearl_line872">873</a> <i>hue</i>, cry, voice.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note876" id="pearl_note876" href="#pearl_line876">876</a> <i>lote</i>, sound.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 27.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="pearl_note896" id="pearl_note896" href="#pearl_line896">896</a> <i>lote</i>, features.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note909" id="pearl_note909" href="#pearl_line908">909</a> <i>hynde</i> = <i>hende</i>, gentle, courteous +(one).</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note911" id="pearl_note911" href="#pearl_line908">911</a> <i>bustwys as a blose</i>, boisterous (wild) as +a blaze (flame).</p> + +<p class="float"><a name="pearl_note916" id="pearl_note916" href="#pearl_line916">916</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>With nay þou neuer my ruful bone</i>,</p> +<p class="gloss">Do thou never refuse my mournful request.</p> +</div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 28.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset float"> +l. <a name="pearl_note948" id="pearl_note948" href="#pearl_line948">948</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>So is hys mote with-outen moote</i>,</p> +<p class="gloss">So is his building without mote (blemish).</p> +</div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 29.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset float3"> +ll. <a name="pearl_note975" id="pearl_note975" href="#pearl_line972">975-6</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>& I an-endeȝ þe on his syde</i></p> +<p><i>Schal sve, tyl þou to a hil be veued,</i></p> +<p class="gloss">And I opposite thee on this side</p> +<p class="gloss">Shall go, till thou to a hill be passed.</p> +</div> + +<p class="float4"><a name="pearl_note980" id="pearl_note980" href="#pearl_line980">980-81</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>& blusched on þe burghe, as I forth dreued,</i></p> +<p><i>Byȝonde þe brok fro me warde keued,</i></p> +<p class="gloss">And looked on the city, as I forth drove (urged),</p> +<p class="gloss">Beyond the brook that cut me off from (the object of +my desire).</p> +</div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 30.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="pearl_note1018" id="pearl_note1018" href="#pearl_line1016">1018</a> <i>Masporye</i> = <i>was pure</i> (?).</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note1022" id="pearl_note1022" href="#pearl_line1020">1022</a> <i>brode & stayre</i>, broad and steep +(high).</p> + +<p><a class="error" name="pearl_note1026" id="pearl_note1026" href="#pearl_line1024" title="text reads ‘1025’">1026</a> <i>þat glent as +glayre</i>, that shone as amber.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 31.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="pearl_note1030" id="pearl_note1030" href="#pearl_line1028">1030</a> <i>fon</i>, ceased, the preterite of +<i>fine</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note1038" id="pearl_note1038" href="#pearl_line1036">1038</a> <i>fateȝ</i> = <i>fadeȝ</i>, fades.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note1041" id="pearl_note1041" href="#pearl_line1040">1041</a> <i>whateȝ</i> = <i>watȝ</i>, was.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 32.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset float5"> +ll. <a name="pearl_note1065" id="pearl_note1065" href="#pearl_line1064">1065-66</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p> <i>Þe ȝates stoken watȝ neuer ȝet,</i></p> +<p><i>Bot euer more vpen at vche a lone.</i></p> +<p class="gloss">The gates shut were never yet,</p> +<p class="gloss">But ever more open at every lane.</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="pearl_note1073" id="pearl_note1073" href="#pearl_line1072">1073</a> <i>to euen with</i>, to equal with, to match +with.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note1084" id="pearl_note1084" href="#pearl_line1084">1084</a> <i>falure</i> = <i>fasure</i>, form (?).</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 33.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="pearl_note1124" id="pearl_note1124" href="#pearl_line1124">1124</a> <i>to loue</i>, to praise.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note1127" id="pearl_note1127" href="#pearl_line1124">1127</a> <i>in melle</i> = <i>in-melle</i> = +<i>i-melle</i>, among. Cf. <i>in-lyche</i> and <i>i-lyche</i>, etc.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 34.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset float3"> +l. <a name="pearl_note1141" id="pearl_note1141" href="#pearl_line1140">1141</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>Þe lombe delyt non lyste to wene</i>,</p> +<p class="gloss">The lamb’s delight none desired to doubt.</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="pearl_note1146" id="pearl_note1146" href="#pearl_line1144">1146</a> <i>laste and lade</i>, followed and preceded +(?).</p> + +<p class="float3"><a name="pearl_note1161" id="pearl_note1161" +href="#pearl_line1160">1161</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>Bot of þat munt I watȝ bi-talt</i>,</p> +<p class="gloss">But from that purpose I was aroused (shaken).</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="pearl_note1163" id="pearl_note1163" href="#pearl_line1160">1163</a> <i>bi-calt</i> = <i>bi-called</i> (?), called +away.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 35.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="pearl_note1165" id="pearl_note1165" href="#pearl_line1164">1165</a> <i>flonc</i> = <i>flong</i> (?), flung.</p> + +<p><a name="pearl_note1193" id="pearl_note1193" href="#pearl_line1192">1193</a> <i>helde</i>, willingly (inclined).</p> +</table> + +</div> + + +<span class="pagenum">37</span> +<a name="page37" id="page37"> </a> +<h3><a name="cleanness" id="cleanness">CLEANNESS.</a></h3> + +<hr class="small"> + +<div class="selection"> + +<h4><a name="clean_I" id="clean_I">I.</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote page firstline">[Fol. 57<i>a</i>.]</span> +<p class="firstline"> +Cla<i>n</i>nesse who-so kyndly cowþe co<i>m</i>ende,</p> +<p>& rekken vp alle þe resou<i>n</i>ȝ þ<i>a</i>t ho by riȝt +askeȝ,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Cleanness discloses fair forms.</span> +<p>Fayre formeȝ myȝt he fy<i>n</i>de i<i>n</i> <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note3">foreri<i>n</i>g</a> his speche,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line4" id="clean_line4">4</a></span> +& in þe co<i>n</i>traré, kark & co<i>m</i>brau<i>n</i>ce +huge;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +God is angry with the unclean worshipper,</span> +<p>For wonder wroth is þe wyȝ þ<i>a</i>t wroȝt alle +þi<i>n</i>g<i>es</i>,</p> +<p>Wyth þe freke þat i<i>n</i> fylþe folȝes hy<i>m</i> aft<i>er</i>,</p> +<p>As renkeȝ of relygiou<i>n</i> þat reden & sy<i>n</i>gen,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and with false priests.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line8" id="clean_line8">8</a></span> +& aprochen to hys presens, & presteȝ arn called;</p> +<p>Thay teen vnto his te<i>m</i>mple & teme<i>n</i> to hy<i>m</i> +seluen,</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#clean_note10">Reken</a> +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> reu<i>er</i>ence þay r[ec]hen his auter,</p> +<p>Þay hondel þer his aune body & vsen hit boþe.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The pure worshipper receives great reward.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line12" id="clean_line12">12</a></span> +If þay in cla<i>n</i>nes be clos þay <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note12">cleche gret mede</a>,</p> +<p>Bot if þay conterfete crafte, & cortaysye wont,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The impure will bring upon them the anger of God, Who is pure and +holy.</span> +<p>As be honest vtwyth, & i<i>n</i>-with alle fylþeȝ,</p> +<p>Þen ar þay synful hemself & sulped altogeder,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line16" id="clean_line16">16</a></span> +Boþe god & his gere, <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note16">& hy<i>m</i> to greme cachen</a>.</p> +<p>He is so clene in his co<i>ur</i>te, þe ky<i>n</i>g þ<i>a</i>t al +weldeȝ,</p> +<p>& honeste in his ho<i>us</i>-holde & <a class="noteref" +href="#clean_note18">hagherlych</a> serued,</p> +<p>With angeleȝ eno<i>ur</i>led in alle þat is clene,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +It would be a marvel if God did not hate evil.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line20" id="clean_line20">20</a></span> +Boþe w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-i<i>n</i>ne & w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-outen, +i<i>n</i> wedeȝ ful bryȝt.</p> +<p>Nif he nere <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note21">scoym<i>us</i> & skyg</a> & non scaþe +louied,</p> +<p>Hit were a meruayl to much, hit moȝt not falle;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Christ showed us that himself.</span> +<p>Kryst kydde hit hym self <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note23">i<i>n</i> a carp</a> oneȝ,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line24" id="clean_line24">24</a></span> +Þer as he <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note24">heuened aȝt +happeȝ</a> & hyȝt hem her medeȝ;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +St. Matthew records the discourse.</span> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#clean_note25">Me myneȝ</a> on one +amo<i>n</i>ge oþ<i>er</i>, as maþew recordeȝ,</p> +<p>Þat þ<i>us</i> of clannesse vn-closeȝ a ful cler speche.</p> +<span class="pagenum">38</span> +<a name="page38" id="page38"> </a> +<span class="sidenote"> +The clean of heart shall look on our Lord.</span> +<p>Þe haþel clene of his hert <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note27">hapeneȝ</a> ful fayre,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line28" id="clean_line28">28</a></span> +For he schal loke on oure lorde w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> a bone chere,</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#clean_note29">As so saytȝ</a>, to þat +syȝt seche schal he neu<i>er</i>,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>anwhere</i>] <i>aywhere</i> (?).</span> +<p>Þat any vncla<i>n</i>nesse hatȝ on, <span class="texttag">anwhere</span> abowte:</p> +<p>For he þ<i>a</i>t flem<i>us</i> vch fylþe fer fro his hert,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>burne</i>] Looks like <i>burre</i> in MS.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line32" id="clean_line32">32</a></span> +<a class="noteref" href="#clean_note32">May not byde þat <span class="texttag">burne</span> þat hit his body neȝen;</a></p> +<p>For-þy hyȝ not to heuen i<i>n</i> hatereȝ to-torne,</p> +<p>Ne i<i>n</i> þe harloteȝ hod & handeȝ vnwaschen;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +What earthly noble, when seated at table</span> +<p>For what vrþly haþel þat hyȝ hono<i>ur</i> haldeȝ</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line36" id="clean_line36">36</a></span> +Wolde lyke, if a ladde com lyþ<i>er</i>ly attyred,</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 57<i>b</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +above dukes, would like to see a lad badly attired approach the +table</span> +<p>When he were sette solempnely i<i>n</i> a sete ryche,</p> +<p>Abof dukes on dece, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> dayntys serued,</p> +<p>Þen þe harlot w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> haste <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note39">helded</a> to þe table</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +with “rent cockers,” his coat torn and his toes out?</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line40" id="clean_line40">40</a></span> +W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> rent cokreȝ at þe kne & his clutte trasches,</p> +<p>& his tabarde to-torne & his <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note41">toteȝ</a> oute;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +For any one of these he would be turned out with a “big buffet,”</span> +<p>Oþ<i>er</i> ani on of alle þyse he schulde be halden +vtt<i>er</i>,</p> +<p>With mony blame ful bygge, a boffet, +p<i>er</i>au<i>n</i>t<i>er</i>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line44" id="clean_line44">44</a></span> +Hurled to þe halle dore & harde þ<i>er</i>-oute schowued,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and be forbidden to re-enter,</span> +<p>& be forboden þat borȝe to bowe þider neu<i>er</i>,</p> +<p>On payne of enprysonment & putty<i>n</i>g i<i>n</i> stokkeȝ;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and thus be ruined through his vile clothes.</span> +<p>& þ<i>us</i> schal he be schent for his schrowde feble,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line48" id="clean_line48">48</a></span> +Þaȝ neu<i>er</i> i<i>n</i> talle ne in tuch he trespas more.</p> +<p>& if vnwelcu<i>m</i> he were to a <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note49">worþlych</a> prynce</p> +<p>Ȝet hy<i>m</i> is þe hyȝe ky<i>n</i>g harder <a class="noteref" +href="#clean_note50">i<i>n</i> her</a> euen,</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +THE PARABLE OF THE MARRIAGE FEAST.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The parable of the “Marriage of the King’s Son.”</span> +<p>As maþew meleȝ in his masse of þat man ryche,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line52" id="clean_line52">52</a></span> +Þat made þe mukel mangerye to marie his <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note52">here dere</a>,</p> +<p>& sende his sonde þen to say þat þay samne schulde,</p> +<p>& in <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note54">comly +quoyntis</a> to com to his feste;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The king’s invitation.</span> +<p>“For my boles & my boreȝ arn bayted & slayne,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line56" id="clean_line56">56</a></span> +& my fedde fouleȝ fatted <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note56">w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> sclaȝt</a>,</p> +<p>My polyle þat is pe<i>n</i>ne-fed & partrykes boþe,</p> +<p>Wyth scheldeȝ of wylde swyn, swaneȝ & croneȝ;</p> +<p>Al is <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note59">roþeled</a> & +rosted ryȝt to þe sete,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line60" id="clean_line60">60</a></span> +Comeȝ cof to my corte, er hit colde worþe.”</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +THOSE INVITED TO THE FEAST REFUSE TO COME.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Those invited begin to make excuses.</span> +<p>When þay knewen his cal þ<i>a</i>t þider com schulde,</p> +<p>Alle ex-cused hem by þe <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note62">skyly</a> he scape by moȝt:</p> +<span class="pagenum">39</span> +<a name="page39" id="page39"> </a> +<span class="sidenote"> +One had bought an estate and must go to see it.</span> +<p>On hade boȝt hym a borȝ he sayde by hys t<i>ra</i>wþe,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line64" id="clean_line64">64</a></span> +Now t[ur]ne I þeder als tyd, þe tou<i>n</i> to by-holde;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Another had purchased some oxen and wished to see them “pull in the +plough<ins class="correction" title="text has , for .">.”</ins></span> +<p>An oþ<i>er</i> <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note65">nayed</a> +also & <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note65">nurned</a> þis +cawse:</p> +<p>I haf ȝerned & ȝat ȝokkeȝ of oxen,</p> +<p>& for my hyȝeȝ hem boȝt, to bowe haf I mest<i>er</i>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line68" id="clean_line68">68</a></span> +To see hem pulle in þe plow aproche me byhoueȝ;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +A third had married a wife and could not come.</span> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>sower</i>] <i>swer</i> (?).</span> +<p>& I haf wedded a wyf, <span class="texttag">sower</span> +hy<i>m</i> þe þryd,</p> +<p>Excuse me at þe co<i>ur</i>t, I may not com þere;</p> +<p>Þ<i>us</i> þay droȝ hem <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note71">adreȝ</a> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> dau<i>n</i>g<i>er</i> +vchone,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>place</i>] MS. <i>plate</i>.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line72" id="clean_line72">72</a></span> +Þat non passed to þe <span class="texttag">place</span> þaȝ he prayed +were.</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 58<i>a</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +The Lord was greatly displeased,</span> +<p>The<i>n</i>ne þe ludych lorde lyked ful ille</p> +<p>& hade dedayn of þat dede, ful dryȝly he carpeȝ:</p> +<p>He saytȝ “now for her owne sorȝe þay for-saken habbeȝ,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line76" id="clean_line76">76</a></span> +<a class="noteref" href="#clean_note76">More to wyte is her wrange, +þen any wylle gentyl;</a></p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and commanded his servants to invite the wayfaring,</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne gotȝ forth my gomeȝ to þe grete streeteȝ,</p> +<p>& forsetteȝ on vche a syde þe cete aboute;</p> +<p>Þe wayferande frekeȝ, on fote & on hors,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +both men and women, the better and the worse,</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line80" id="clean_line80">80</a></span> +Boþe burneȝ & burdeȝ, þe bett<i>er</i> & þe wers,</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#clean_note81">Laþeȝ</a> hem alle +luflyly to lenge at my fest,</p> +<p>& bry<i>n</i>geȝ hem blyþly to borȝe as barou<i>n</i>eȝ þay +were,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +that his palace might be full.</span> +<p>So þat my palays plat-ful be pyȝt al aboute,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line84" id="clean_line84">84</a></span> +Þise oþ<i>er</i> wrecheȝ I-wysse worþy noȝt wern.”</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The servants brought in bachelors and squires.</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i> þay cayred & com þat þe cost waked,</p> +<p>Broȝten bachlereȝ hem wyth þat þay by bonkeȝ metten,</p> +<p>Swyereȝ þat swyftly swyed on blonkeȝ,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line88" id="clean_line88">88</a></span> +& also fele vpon fote, of fre & of bonde.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +When they came to the court they were well entertained.</span> +<p>When þay com to þe co<i>ur</i>te keppte wern þay fayre,</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#clean_note90">Styȝtled</a> +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þe stewarde, stad i<i>n</i> þe halle,</p> +<p>Ful man<i>er</i>ly <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note91"><ins +class="correction" title="printed as shown: note has ‘þe marchal’">w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i></ins> marchal</a> mad forto sitte,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line92" id="clean_line92">92</a></span> +As he watȝ dere of de-gre dressed his seete.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The servants tell their lord that they have done his behest, and there +is still room for more guests.</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne seggeȝ to þe souerayn sayden þer-aft<i>er</i>,</p> +<p>“Lo! lorde w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> yo<i>ur</i> leue at yo<i>ur</i> lege +heste,</p> +<p>& <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note95">at þi +ba<i>n</i>ne</a> we haf broȝt, as þ<i>o</i>u beden habbeȝ,</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +THE HALT AND THE BLIND ARE INVITED.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The Lord commands them to go out into the fields,</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line96" id="clean_line96">96</a></span> +Mony <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note96">renischche renkeȝ</a> +& ȝet is rou<i>m</i> more.”</p> +<p>Sayde þe lorde to þo ledeȝ, “<a class="noteref" href="#clean_note97">layteȝ ȝet ferre</a>,</p> +<p>Ferre out i<i>n</i> þe felde, & fecheȝ mo gesteȝ,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">40</span> +<a name="page40" id="page40"> </a> + +<p><a class="noteref" href="#clean_note99">Wayteȝ</a> gorsteȝ & +greueȝ, if ani gomeȝ lyggeȝ,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line100" id="clean_line100">100</a></span> +What-kyn folk so þer fare, fecheȝ hem hider,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>for-loteȝ</i>] <i>forleteȝ</i> (?).</span> +<p>Be þay fers, be þay feble <span class="texttag">for-loteȝ</span> +none,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and bring in the halt, blind, and “one-eyed.”</span> +<p>Be þay hol, be þay halt, be þay onyȝed,</p> +<p>& þaȝ þay ben boþe blynde & <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note103">balt<i>er</i>ande cruppeleȝ</a>,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +For those who denied shall not taste “one sup” to save them from +death.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line104" id="clean_line104">104</a></span> +Þat my ho<i>us</i> may holly by halkes by fylled;</p> +<p>For certeȝ þyse ilk renkeȝ þat me renayed habbe</p> +<p>& de-nou<i>n</i>ced me, noȝt now at þis tyme,</p> +<p>Schul neu<i>er</i> sitte in my sale my sop<i>er</i> to fele,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>þaȝ</i>] MS. þaȝ þaȝ.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line108" id="clean_line108">108</a></span> +Ne suppe on sope of my seve, <span class="texttag">þaȝ</span> þay +swelt schulde.”</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 58<i>b</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +The palace soon became full of “people of all plights.”</span> +<p>The<i>n</i>ne þe sergau<i>n</i>teȝ, at þat sawe, swengen +þ<i>er</i>-oute,</p> +<p>& diden þe dede þat [is] <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note110">demed</a>, as he deuised hade,</p> +<p>& w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> peple of alle plyteȝ þe palays þay +fyllen;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +They were not all one wife’s sons, nor had they all one father.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line112" id="clean_line112">112</a></span> +<a class="noteref" href="#clean_note112">Hit weren not alle on wyueȝ +su<i>n</i>eȝ, wonen w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> on fader;</a></p> +<p>Wheþ<i>er</i> þay wern worþy, oþ<i>er</i> wers, wel wern þay +stowed,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The “brightest attired” had the best place.</span> +<p>Ay þe best byfore & bryȝtest atyred,</p> +<p>Þe derrest at þe hyȝe dese þat dubbed wer fayrest;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Below sat those with “poor weeds.”</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line116" id="clean_line116">116</a></span> +& syþen on lenþe biloogh<i>e</i> ledeȝ inogh,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>soerly</i>] <i>soberly</i> (?).</span> +<p>& ay a segge <span class="texttag">soerly</span> semed by her +wedeȝ;</p> +<p>So with marschal at her mete mensked þay were,</p> +<p>Clene men i<i>n</i> compaynye for-knowen wern lyte,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +All are well entertained “with meat and minstrelsy.”</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line120" id="clean_line120">120</a></span> +& ȝet þe symplest in þ<i>a</i>t sale watȝ serued to þe fulle,</p> +<p>Boþe with menske, & w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> mete & mynstrasy +noble,</p> +<p>& alle þe laykeȝ þat a lorde aȝt i<i>n</i> londe schewe.</p> +<p>& þay bigo<i>n</i>ne to be glad þat god dri<i>n</i>k haden,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Each with his “mate” made him at ease.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line124" id="clean_line124">124</a></span> +& vch mon w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> his mach made hy<i>m</i> at ese.</p> + + +<h4><a name="clean_II" id="clean_II">II.</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote firstline"> +The lord of the feast goes among his guests.</span> +<p class="firstline"> +Now i<i>n</i>-myddeȝ þe mete þe mayst<i>er</i> hym biþoȝt,</p> +<p>Þat he wolde se þe semblé þ<i>a</i>t samned was þ<i>er</i>e,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>pou<em>er</em>en</i>] MS. poueu<i>er</i>.</span> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#clean_note127">& re-hayte rekenly +þe riche & þe <span class="texttag">pou<i>er</i>en</span>,</a></p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line128" id="clean_line128">128</a></span> +& cherisch hem alle w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> his cher, & chaufen her +Ioye,</p> +<p>Þen he boweȝ fro his bour i<i>n</i> to þe brode halle,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Bids them be merry.</span> +<p>& to þe best on þe bench, & bede hy<i>m</i> be myry,</p> +<p>Solased hem w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> semblau<i>n</i>t & <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note131">syled fyrre</a>;</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line132" id="clean_line132">132</a></span> +<a class="noteref" href="#clean_note132">Tron fro table to table</a> +& talkede ay myrþe,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">41</span> +<a name="page41" id="page41"> </a> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +THE MAN WITHOUT A WEDDING GARMENT.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +On the floor he finds one not arrayed for a holyday.</span> +<p>Bot as he ferked ou<i>er</i> þe flor he fande w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> his +yȝe,</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#clean_note134">Hit watȝ not</a> for a +haly day honestly arayed,</p> +<p>A þral <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note135">þryȝt</a> +i<i>n</i> þe þrong <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note135">vnþryuandely</a> cloþed,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line136" id="clean_line136">136</a></span> +Ne no festiual frok, bot fyled with werkkeȝ.</p> +<p>Þe gome watȝ vn-garnyst w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> god me<i>n</i> to +dele,</p> +<p>& gremed þ<i>er</i>-w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þe grete lord & greue +hy<i>m</i> he þoȝt;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Asks him how he obtained entrance, and how he was so bold as to appear +in such rags.</span> +<p>“Say me, frende,” q<i>uod</i> þe freke w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> a felle +chere,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line140" id="clean_line140">140</a></span> +“Hov wan þ<i>o</i>u into þis won i<i>n</i> wedeȝ so fowle?</p> +<p>Þe abyt þat þ<i>o</i>u hatȝ vpon, no haly day hit menskeȝ;</p> +<p>Þ<i>o</i>u burne for no brydale art busked i<i>n</i> wedeȝ!</p> +<p>How watȝ þ<i>o</i>u hardy þis ho<i>us</i> for þyn vnhap [to] +neȝe,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line144" id="clean_line144">144</a></span> +I<i>n</i> on so <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note144">ratted</a> +a robe & rent at þe sydeȝ?</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 59<i>a</i>.]</span> +<p>Þow art a gome vn-goderly i<i>n</i> þat <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note145">gou<i>n</i> febele</a>;</p> +<p>Þ<i>o</i>u praysed me & my place ful pou<i>er</i> & ful +[g]nede,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Does he take him to be a harlot?</span> +<p>Þat watȝ so prest to aproche my p<i>re</i>sens here-i<i>n</i>ne;</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line148" id="clean_line148">148</a></span> +Hopeȝ þ<i>o</i>u I be a harlot þi erigant to prayse?”</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The man becomes discomfited.</span> +<p>Þat oþ<i>er</i> burne watȝ abayst of his <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note149">broþe wordeȝ</a>,</p> +<p>& <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note150">hurkeleȝ</a> +dou<i>n</i> with his hede, þe vrþe he bi-holdeȝ;</p> +<p>He watȝ so scou<i>m</i>fit of his scylle, lest he skaþe hent,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He is unable to reply.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line152" id="clean_line152">152</a></span> +Þat he ne wyst on worde what he warp schulde.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The lord commands him to be bound,</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i> þe lorde wonder loude <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note153">laled</a> & cryed,</p> +<p>& talkeȝ to his tormentto<i>ur</i>eȝ: “takeȝ hym,” he biddeȝ,</p> +<p>“Byndeȝ byhynde, at his bak, boþe two his handeȝ,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line156" id="clean_line156">156</a></span> +& felle fett<i>er</i>eȝ to his fete festeneȝ bylyue;</p> +<p>Stik hym stifly i<i>n</i> stokeȝ, & stekeȝ hy<i>m</i> +þ<i>er</i>-aft<i>er</i></p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and cast into a deep dungeon.</span> +<p>Depe i<i>n</i> my dou<i>n</i>gou<i>n</i> þ<i>er</i> doel eu<i>er</i> +dwelleȝ,</p> +<p>Greui<i>n</i>g, & grety<i>n</i>g, & gryspy<i>n</i>g harde</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line160" id="clean_line160">160</a></span> +Of teþe tenfully to-geder, to teche hy<i>m</i> be quoy<i>n</i>t.”</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +This feast is likened to the kingdom of heaven, to which all are +invited.</span> +<p>Thus comparisu<i>n</i>eȝ kryst þe kyndom of heueñ,</p> +<p>To þis frelych feste þat fele arn to called,</p> +<p>For alle arn laþed luflyly, þe luþ<i>er</i> & þe +bett<i>er</i>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line164" id="clean_line164">164</a></span> +Þat eu<i>er</i> wern <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note164">fulȝed</a> i<i>n</i> font þat fest to haue.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +See that thy weeds are clean.</span> +<p>Bot war þe wel, if þ<i>o</i>u wylt, þy wedeȝ ben clene,</p> +<p>& honest for þe haly day, lest þ<i>o</i>u <a class="noteref" +href="#clean_note166">harme lache</a>,</p> +<p>For aproch þ<i>o</i>u to þat prynce of parage noble.</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>sowle</i>] <i>fowle</i> (?)<ins class="correction" title="text has , for .">. </ins></span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line168" id="clean_line168">168</a></span> +He hat<i>es</i> helle no more þe<i>n</i> hem þat ar <span class="texttag">sowle</span>.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">42</span> +<a name="page42" id="page42"> </a> + +<p>Wich arn þe<i>n</i>ne þy wedeȝ þ<i>o</i>u wrappeȝ þe i<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Thy weeds are thy works that thou hast wrought.</span> +<p>Þat schal schewe he<i>m</i> so schene schrowde of þe best?</p> +<p>Hit arn þy werkeȝ wyt<i>er</i>ly, þ<i>a</i>t þ<i>o</i>u wroȝt +haueȝ,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line172" id="clean_line172">172</a></span> +& lyued w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þe lyky<i>n</i>g þ<i>a</i>t lyȝe in +þy<i>n</i> hert,</p> +<p>Þat þo be frely & fresch fonde i<i>n</i> þy lyue,</p> +<p>& fetyse of a fayr forme, to fote & to honde,</p> +<p>& syþe<i>n</i> alle þy<i>n</i> oþ<i>er</i> lymeȝ lapped ful +clene,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +For many faults may a man forfeit bliss.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line176" id="clean_line176">176</a></span> +Þe<i>n</i>ne may þ<i>o</i>u se þy sauior & his sete ryche.</p> +<p>For fele fauteȝ may a freke forfete his blysse,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +For sloth and pride he is thrust into the devil’s throat.</span> +<p>Þat he þe sou<i>er</i>ayn ne se þen, for slauþe one,</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#clean_note179">As</a> for +bobau<i>n</i>ce & bost & <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note179">bolnande p<i>r</i>iyde</a>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line180" id="clean_line180">180</a></span> +<a class="noteref" href="#clean_note180">Þroly i<i>n</i>-to þe +deueleȝ þrote man þry<i>n</i>geȝ bylyue,</a></p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 59<i>b</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +He is ruined by covetousness, perjury, murder, theft, and strife.</span> +<p>For couetyse, & <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note181">colwarde</a> & croked dedeȝ,</p> +<p>For mon-sworne, & men-sclaȝt, & to much drynk,</p> +<p>For þefte, & for þrepy<i>n</i>g, vn-þonk may mon haue;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +For robbery and ribaldry, for preventing marriages, and supporting the +wicked,</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line184" id="clean_line184">184</a></span> +For roborrye, & riboudrye & resou<i>n</i>eȝ vntrwe,</p> +<p>& dysheriete & depryue dowrie of wydoeȝ,</p> +<p>For marry<i>n</i>g of maryageȝ & may<i>n</i>tnau<i>n</i>ce of +schreweȝ,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>boþe</i>] loþe (?).</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +for treason, treachery, and tyranny, man may lose eternal bliss.</span> +<p>For traysou<i>n</i>, & trichcherye, & tyrau<i>n</i>tyré <span +class="texttag">boþe</span>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line188" id="clean_line188">188</a></span> +& for fals famacions & fayned laweȝ;</p> +<p>Man may mysse þe myrþe, þat much is to prayse,</p> +<p>For such vnþeweȝ as þise & þole much payne,</p> +<p>& i<i>n</i> þe creatores cort com neu<i>er</i> more,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line192" id="clean_line192">192</a></span> +Ne neu<i>er</i> see hym with syȝt for such sour to<i>ur</i>neȝ.</p> + + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +GOD IS DISPLEASED WITH THE WICKED.</span></p> + +<h4><a name="clean_III" id="clean_III">III.</a></h4> + +<p class="firstline"> +Bot I haue herkned & herde of mony hyȝe clerkeȝ,</p> +<p>& als i<i>n</i> resou<i>n</i>eȝ of ryȝt red hit my seluen,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The high Prince of all is displeased with those who work +wickedly.</span> +<p>Þ<i>a</i>t þat ilk prop<i>er</i> prynce þat paradys weldeȝ</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line196" id="clean_line196">196</a></span> +Is displesed at vch a poy<i>n</i>t þat plyes to scaþe.</p> +<p>Bot neu<i>er</i> ȝet i<i>n</i> no boke breued I herde</p> +<p>Þat eu<i>er</i> he wrek so wyþ<i>er</i>ly on werk þat he made,</p> +<p>Ne venged for no vilté of vice ne sy<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line200" id="clean_line200">200</a></span> +Ne so hastyfly watȝ hot for <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note200">hatel of his wylle</a>,</p> +<p>Ne neu<i>er</i> so sodenly soȝt vn-sou<i>n</i>dely to weng,</p> +<p>As for fylþe of þe flesch þat foles han vsed;</p> + +<span class="pagenum">43</span> +<a name="page43" id="page43"> </a> + +<p>For as I fynde þ<i>er</i> he forȝet alle his fre þewes,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +For the first fault the devil committed, he felt God’s vengeance.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line204" id="clean_line204">204</a></span> +& wex wod to þe wrache, for wrath at his hert,</p> +<p>For þe fyrste felonye þe falce fende wroȝt.</p> +<p>Whyl he watȝ hyȝe i<i>n</i> þe heuen houen vpon lofte,</p> +<p>Of alle þyse aþel au<i>n</i>geleȝ <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note207">attled</a> þe fayrest,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He, the fairest of all angels, forsook his sovereign,</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line208" id="clean_line208">208</a></span> +& he vnkyndely as a karle kydde areward,</p> +<p>He seȝ noȝt bot hym self how semly he were,</p> +<p>Bot his sou<i>er</i>ayn he forsoke & sade þyse wordeȝ:</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and boasted that his throne should be as high as God’s.</span> +<p><ins class="quotation" title="orphaned open quote">“I</ins> schal +telde vp my trone i<i>n</i> þe tra mou<i>n</i>tayne</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line212" id="clean_line212">212</a></span> +& by lyke to þat lorde þat þe lyft made.</p> +<p>With þis worde þat he warp, þe wrake on hy<i>m</i> lyȝt,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +For these words he was cast down to hell.</span> +<p>Dryȝtyn w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> his dere dom hym drof to þe abyme,</p> +<p>I<i>n</i> þe mesure of his mode, his <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note215">metȝ</a> neu<i>er</i> þe lasse,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line216" id="clean_line216">216</a></span> +Bot þer he <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note216">tynt þe tyþe +dool</a> of his to<i>ur</i> ryche,</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 60<i>a</i>.]</span> +<p>Þaȝ þe felou<i>n</i> were so fers for his fayre wedeȝ</p> +<p>& his glorio<i>us</i> glem þat glent so bryȝt;</p> +<p>As sone as dryȝtyneȝ dome drof to hy<i>m</i> seluen,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line220" id="clean_line220">220</a></span> +[Þi]kke þowsandeȝ þro þrwen þer-oute</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +THE FALL OF THE ANGELS.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The fiends fell from heaven,</span> +<p>Fellen fro þe fyrmame<i>n</i>t, fendeȝ ful blake</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>Weued</i>] <i>wened</i> (?).</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +like the thick snow, for forty days.</span> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#clean_note222">Weued</a> at þe fyrst +<a class="noteref" href="#clean_note222">swap</a> as þe snaw þikke,</p> +<p>Hurled i<i>n</i>-to helle-hole as þe hyue swarmeȝ;</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line224" id="clean_line224">224</a></span> +Fyltyr fenden folk forty dayeȝ lencþe,</p> +<p>Er þat styngande storme stynt ne myȝt;</p> +<p>Bot as smylt mele vnder smal siue smokes for-þikke,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +From heaven to hell the shower lasted.</span> +<p>So fro heuen to helle þat hatel schor laste,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>Þis</i>] <i>ȝis</i> (?).</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line228" id="clean_line228">228</a></span> +On vche syde of þe worlde aywhere ilyche.</p> +<p><span class="texttag">Þis</span> hit watȝ a brem brest & a byge +wrache,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The devil would not make peace with God.</span> +<p>& ȝet wrathed not þe wyȝ, ne <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note230">þe wrech saȝtled</a>,</p> +<p>Ne neu<i>er</i> wolde, for <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note231">wylnesful</a>, his worþy god knawe,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line232" id="clean_line232">232</a></span> +Ne pray hym for no pité, so proud watȝ his wylle,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>lyttel</i>] MS. <i>lyttlel</i>.</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +Affliction makes him none the better.</span> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#clean_note233">For-þy þaȝ þe rape were +rank, þe rawþe watȝ <span class="texttag">lyttel</span>;</a></p> +<p>Þaȝ he be kest into kare he kepes no bett<i>er</i>.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +For the fault of one, vengeance alighted upon all men.</span> +<p>Bot þat oþ<i>er</i> wrake þat wex on wyȝeȝ, hit lyȝt</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line236" id="clean_line236">236</a></span> +Þurȝ þe faut of a freke þat fayled i<i>n</i> trawþe.</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>obedyent</i>] <i>obedience</i> (?).</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +Adam was ordained to live in bliss.</span> +<p>A<i>da</i>m <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note237">i<i>n</i> +<span class="texttag">obedyent</span></a> ordaynt to blysse,</p> +<p>Þer pryuely i<i>n</i> paradys his place watȝ de-vised,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">44</span> +<a name="page44" id="page44"> </a> + +<p>To lyue þer i<i>n</i> lyky<i>n</i>g þe lenþe of a terme,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line240" id="clean_line240">240</a></span> +& þe<i>n</i>ne en-herite þat home þat au<i>n</i>geleȝ for-gart,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Through Eve he ate an apple.</span> +<p>Bot þurȝ þe eggy<i>n</i>g of eue he ete of an apple</p> +<p>Þat en-poysened alle pepleȝ þat parted fro hem boþe,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Thus all his descendants became poisoned.</span> +<p>For a defence þat watȝ dyȝt of dryȝtyn seluen,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line244" id="clean_line244">244</a></span> +& a payne þer-on put & pertly halden;</p> +<p>Þe defence watȝ þe fryt þat þe freke towched,</p> +<p>& þe dom is þe deþe þat <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note246">drepeȝ</a> v<i>us</i> alle.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +A maiden brought a remedy for mankind.</span> +<p>Al i<i>n</i> mesure & meþe watȝ mad þe vengiau<i>n</i>ce,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line248" id="clean_line248">248</a></span> +& efte amended w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> a mayden þat make hade +neu<i>er</i>.</p> + + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +THE WICKEDNESS OF THE ANTEDILUVIAN WORLD.</span></p> + +<h4><a name="clean_IV" id="clean_IV">IV.</a></h4> + +<p class="firstline"> +Bot in þe þryd watȝ forþrast al þat þryue schuld,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Malice was merciless.</span> +<p>Þer watȝ malys mercyles & mawgre much scheued,</p> +<p>Þat watȝ for fylþe vpon folde þ<i>a</i>t þe folk vsed,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +A race of men came into the world,</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line252" id="clean_line252">252</a></span> +[Þ]at þen wonyed i<i>n</i> þe worlde w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-outen any +mayst<i>er</i>ȝ;</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 60<i>b</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +the fairest, the merriest, and the strongest that ever were +created.</span> +<p>Hit wern þe fayrest of forme & of face als,</p> +<p>Þe most & þe myriest þat maked wern euer,</p> +<p>Þe styfest, þe stalworþest þat stod eu<i>er</i> on fete;</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line256" id="clean_line256">256</a></span> +& lengest lyf i<i>n</i> hem lent of ledeȝ alle oþ<i>er</i>,</p> +<p>For hit was þe <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note257">forme-foster</a> þat þe folde bred,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +They were sons of Adam.</span> +<p>Þe aþel au<i>n</i>cetereȝ su<i>n</i>eȝ þat ad<i>a</i>m watȝ +called,</p> +<p>To wham god hade geuen alle þat gayn were,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line260" id="clean_line260">260</a></span> +Alle þe blysse boute blame þat bodi myȝt haue,</p> +<p>& þose lykkest to þe <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note261">lede</a> þat lyued next aft<i>er</i>,</p> +<p>For-þy so semly to see syþe<i>n</i> wern none.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +No law was laid upon them<ins class="correction" title="text has , for .">. </ins></span> +<p>Þer watȝ no law to hem layd bot loke to kynde,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line264" id="clean_line264">264</a></span> +& kepe to hit, & alle hit cors clanly ful-fylle;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Nevertheless they acted unnaturally.</span> +<p>& þe<i>n</i>ne fou<i>n</i>den þay fylþe i<i>n</i> fleschlych +dedeȝ</p> +<p>& controeued agayn kynde contraré werkeȝ,</p> +<p>& vsed hem vn-þryftyly vchon on oþ<i>er</i>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line268" id="clean_line268">268</a></span> +& als with oþ<i>er</i>, wylsfully, vpon a wrange wyse.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The “<i>fiends</i>” beheld how fair were the daughters of these mighty +men,</span> +<p>So ferly fowled her flesch þat þe fende loked,</p> +<p>How þe <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note270">deȝt<i>er</i> of +þe douþe</a> wern dere-lych fayre,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and made fellowship with them and begat a race of giants.</span> +<p>& fallen i<i>n</i> felaȝschyp w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> hem <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note271">on folken wyse</a></p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line272" id="clean_line272">272</a></span> +& en-gendered on hem ieau<i>n</i>teȝ w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> her Iapeȝ +ille.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">45</span> +<a name="page45" id="page45"> </a> + +<p>Þose wern men <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note273">meþeleȝ</a> & maȝty on vrþe,</p> +<p>Þat for her lodlych laykeȝ <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note274">alosed</a> þay were.</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>famed</i>] <i>fained</i> (?).</span> +<p>He watȝ <span class="texttag">famed</span> for fre þat feȝt loued +best,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The greatest fighter was reckoned the most famous.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line276" id="clean_line276">276</a></span> +& ay þe bigest i<i>n</i> bale þe best watȝ halden;</p> +<p>& þe<i>n</i>ne eueleȝ on erþe ernestly grewen</p> +<p>& multyplyed mony-folde i<i>n</i>-mongeȝ mankynde,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The Creater of all becomes exceedingly wroth.</span> +<p>For þat þe maȝty on molde so marre þise oþ<i>er</i>.</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line280" id="clean_line280">280</a></span> +Þat þe wyȝe þat al wroȝt ful wroþly bygy<i>n</i>neȝ.</p> +<p>When he knew vche contre corupte i<i>n</i> hit seluen,</p> +<p>& vch freke forloyned fro þe ryȝt wayeȝ,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Fell anger touches His heart.</span> +<p>Felle temptande tene towched his hert;</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line284" id="clean_line284">284</a></span> +As wyȝe, wo hy<i>m</i> with-i<i>n</i>ne werp to hy<i>m</i> seluen:</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +It repents Him that He has made man.</span> +<p>“Me for-þy<i>n</i>keȝ ful much þat eu<i>er</i> I mon made,</p> +<p>Bot I schal delyu<i>er</i> & do away þat doten on þis molde,</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +GOD DETERMINES TO DESTROY ALL FLESH.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +He declares that all flesh shall be destroyed, both man and +beast.</span> +<p>& fleme out of þe folde al þat flesch wereȝ,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line288" id="clean_line288">288</a></span> +Fro þe burne to þe best, fro bryddeȝ to fyscheȝ;</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 61<i>a</i>.]</span> +<p>Al schal dou<i>n</i> & be ded & dryuen out of erþe,</p> +<p>Þat eu<i>er</i> I sette saule i<i>n</i>ne; & sore hit me rweȝ</p> +<p>Þat eu<i>er</i> I made hem my self; bot if I may +her-aft<i>er</i>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line292" id="clean_line292">292</a></span> +I schal wayte to be war her wrencheȝ to kepe.”</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +There was at this time living on the earth a very righteous man:</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne i<i>n</i> worlde watȝ a wyȝe wonyande on lyue,</p> +<p>Ful redy & ful ryȝtwys, & rewled hy<i>m</i> fayre;</p> +<p>In þe drede of dryȝtyn his dayeȝ he vseȝ,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line296" id="clean_line296">296</a></span> +& ay glydande wyth his god his g<i>ra</i>ce watȝ þe more.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Noah was his name.</span> +<p>Hy<i>m</i> watȝ þe nome Noe, as is i<i>n</i>noghe knawen,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Three bold sons he had.</span> +<p>He had þre <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note298">þryuen</a> +su<i>n</i>eȝ & þay þre wyueȝ;</p> +<p>Sem soþly þat on, þat oþ<i>er</i> hyȝt cam</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line300" id="clean_line300">300</a></span> +& þe Iolef Iapheth watȝ gendered þe þryd.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +God in great anger speaks to Noah.</span> +<p>Now god i<i>n</i> nwy to Noe co<i>n</i> speke,</p> +<p>Wylde wrakful wordeȝ i<i>n</i> his wylle greued:</p> +<p>“Þe ende of alle-kyneȝ flesch þat on vrþe meueȝ,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line304" id="clean_line304">304</a></span> +Is fallen forþ wyth my face & forþ<i>er</i> hit I þenk,</p> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> her vn-worþelych werk me wlateȝ +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-i<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<p>Þe gore þ<i>er</i>-of me hatȝ greued & þe glette <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note306">nwyed</a>;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Declares that He will destroy all “that life has.”</span> +<p>I schal strenkle my distresse & strye al to-geder,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line308" id="clean_line308">308</a></span> +Boþe ledeȝ & londe & alle þat lyf habbeȝ.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">46</span> +<a name="page46" id="page46"> </a> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +NOAH IS COMMANDED TO BUILD AN ARK.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Commands him to make “a mansion” with dwellings for wild and +tame.</span> +<p>Bot make to þe a manciou<i>n</i> & þat is my wylle,</p> +<p>A cofer closed of tres, clanlych planed;</p> +<p>Wyrk woneȝ þ<i>er</i>i<i>n</i>ne for wylde & for tame,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>w<em>i</em>t<em>h</em>-i<em>n</em>ne</i>] MS. +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>i<i>n</i>me</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line312" id="clean_line312">312</a></span> +& þe<i>n</i>ne cleme hit w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> clay comly <span class="texttag">w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-i<i>n</i>ne</span></p> +<p>& alle þe endentur dryuen daube w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-outen.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +To let the ark be three hundred cubits in length,</span> +<p>& þ<i>us</i> of lenþe & of large þat lome þ<i>o</i>u +make,</p> +<p>Þre hundred of cupydeȝ þ<i>o</i>u holde to þe lenþe,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and fifty in breadth, and thirty in height, and a window in it a cubit +square.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line316" id="clean_line316">316</a></span> +Of fyfty fayre ou<i>er</i>-þwert forme þe brede;</p> +<p>& loke euen þat þyn ark haue of heȝþe þretté,</p> +<p>& a wyndow wyd vpon, wroȝt vpon lofte,</p> +<p>In þe compas of a cubit kyndely sware,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Also a good shutting door in the side<ins class="correction" title="text has . for ,">, </ins></span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line320" id="clean_line320">320</a></span> +A wel <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note320">dutande</a> dor, don +on þe syde;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +together with halls, recesses, bushes, and bowers, and well-formed +pens.</span> +<p>Haf halleȝ þer-i<i>n</i>ne & <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note321">halkeȝ</a> ful mony,</p> +<p>Boþe boskeȝ & bo<i>ur</i>eȝ & wel bou<i>n</i>den peneȝ;</p> +<p>For I schal waken vp a wat<i>er</i> to wasch alle þe worlde,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line324" id="clean_line324">324</a></span> +& quelle alle þat is quik w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> quauende flodeȝ.</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 61<i>b</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +For all flesh shall be destroyed,</span> +<p>Alle þat glydeȝ & gotȝ, & gost of lyf habbeȝ,</p> +<p>I schal wast with my wrath þat wons vpon vrþe;</p> +<p>Bot my forwarde w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þe I festen on þis wyse,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +except Noah and his family.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line328" id="clean_line328">328</a></span> +For þ<i>o</i>u in reysou<i>n</i> hatȝ rengned & ryȝtwys ben +eu<i>er</i>;</p> +<p>Þ<i>o</i>u schal ent<i>er</i> þis ark w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þyn aþel +barneȝ</p> +<p>& þy wedded wyf; with þe þ<i>o</i>u take</p> +<p>Þe makeȝ of þy myry su<i>n</i>eȝ; <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note331">þis meyny of aȝte</a></p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line332" id="clean_line332">332</a></span> +I schal saue of mo<i>n</i>neȝ sauleȝ, & swelt þose oþ<i>er</i>.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Noah is told to take into the ark seven pairs of every clean beast, and +one of unclean kind,</span> +<p>Of vche best þat bereȝ lyf busk þe a cupple,</p> +<p>Of vche clene comly kynde enclose seuen makeȝ,</p> +<p>Of vche <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note335">horwed</a>, +i<i>n</i> ark halde bot a payre,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line336" id="clean_line336">336</a></span> +For to saue me þe sede of alle ser kyndeȝ;</p> +<p>& ay þ<i>o</i>u meng w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þe maleȝ þe mete +ho-besteȝ,</p> +<p>Vche payre by payre to plese ayþ<i>er</i> oþ<i>er</i>;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and to furnish the ark with proper food.</span> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> alle þe fode þat may be fou<i>n</i>de frette þy +cofer,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line340" id="clean_line340">340</a></span> +For sustnau<i>n</i>ce to yow self & also þose oþ<i>er</i>.”</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Noah fills the ark.</span> +<p>Ful grayþely gotȝ þis god ma<i>n</i> & dos godeȝ hestes,</p> +<p>In dryȝ dred & dau<i>n</i>ger, þat durst do non oþer.</p> +<p>Wen hit watȝ fettled & forged & to þe fulle grayþed,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line344" id="clean_line344">344</a></span> +Þe<i>n</i>n con dryȝttyn hym dele dryȝly þyse wordeȝ:</p> + + +<span class="pagenum">47</span> +<a name="page47" id="page47"> </a> +<h4><a name="clean_V" id="clean_V">V.</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote firstline"> +God asks Noah whether all is ready.</span> +<p class="firstline"> +“Now Noe,” q<i>uod</i> oure lorde, “art þ<i>o</i>u al redy?</p> +<p>Hatȝ þ<i>o</i>u closed þy kyst w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> clay alle +aboute?”</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Noah replies that all is fully prepared.</span> +<p>“Ȝe lorde w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þy leue,” sayde þe lede +þe<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line348" id="clean_line348">348</a></span> +“Al is wroȝt at þi worde, as þ<i>o</i>u me wyt lanteȝ.”</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He is commanded to enter the ark,</span> +<p>“Enter in þe<i>n</i>n,” q<i>uod</i> he, “& haf þi wyf +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þe,</p> +<p>Þy þre su<i>n</i>eȝ <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note350">w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-outen þrep</a> & her þre +wyueȝ;</p> +<p>Besteȝ, as I bedene haue, bosk þ<i>er</i>-i<i>n</i>ne als,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line352" id="clean_line352">352</a></span> +& when ȝe arn staued, styfly stekeȝ yow þ<i>er</i>i<i>n</i>ne;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +for God tells him that he will send a rain to destroy all flesh<ins +class="correction" title="text has , for .">. </ins></span> +<p>Fro seuen dayeȝ ben seyed I sende out by-lyue,</p> +<p>Such <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note354">a rowtande ryge</a> +þat rayne schal swyþe,</p> +<p>Þat schal wasch alle þe worlde of werkeȝ of fylþe;</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line356" id="clean_line356">356</a></span> +Schal no flesch vpon folde by fonden onlyue;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Noah stows all safely in the ark.</span> +<p>Out-taken yow aȝt i<i>n</i> þis ark staued,</p> +<p>& sed þat I wyl saue of þyse ser besteȝ.”</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>stysteȝ</i>] <i>stynteȝ</i> (?).</span> +<p>Now Noe neu<i>er</i> <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note359">stysteȝ</a> (þat niyȝ[t] he bygy<i>n</i>neȝ),</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line360" id="clean_line360">360</a></span> +Er al wer stawed & stoken, as þe steuen wolde.</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +THE RAIN DESCENDS.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 62<i>a</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +Seven days are passed.</span> +<p>The<i>n</i>ne sone com þe seuenþe day, when samned wern alle,</p> +<p>& <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note369">alle woned +i<i>n</i> þe whichche</a> þe wylde & þe tame.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The deep begins to swell, banks are broken down,</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i> bolned þe abyme & bonkeȝ con ryse,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line364" id="clean_line364">364</a></span> +<a class="noteref" href="#clean_note362">Walt<i>es</i> out vch +walle-heued, i<i>n</i> ful wode stremeȝ,</a></p> +<p>Watȝ no <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note365">bry<i>m</i>me</a> þat abod vnbrosten bylyue,</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#clean_note366">Þe mukel lauande +logh<i>e</i></a> to þe lyfte rered.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and the clouds burst.</span> +<p>Mony clust<i>er</i>ed clowde clef alle i<i>n</i> clowteȝ,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +It rains for forty days, and the flood rises,</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line368" id="clean_line368">368</a></span> +To-rent vch a rayn-ryfte & rusched to þe vrþe;</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#clean_note369">Fon</a> neu<i>er</i> +i<i>n</i> forty dayeȝ, & þe<i>n</i> þe flod ryses,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and flows over the woods and fields.</span> +<p>Ou<i>er</i>-walteȝ vche a wod & þe wyde feldeȝ;</p> +<p>For when þe wat<i>er</i> of þe welkyn w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þe worlde +mette,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line372" id="clean_line372">372</a></span> +Alle þat deth moȝt dryȝe drowned þer-i<i>n</i>ne;</p> +<p>Þer watȝ <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note373">moon</a> forto +make when meschef was cnowen,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +All must drown.</span> +<p>Þat noȝt <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note374">dowed</a> bot +þe deth in þe depe stremeȝ.</p> +<p>Wat<i>er</i> <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note375">wylger</a> +ay wax, woneȝ þat stryede,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line376" id="clean_line376">376</a></span> +Hurled i<i>n</i>-to vch ho<i>us</i>, hent þat þer <a class="noteref" +href="#clean_note376">dowelled</a>.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The water enters the houses.</span> +<p>Fyrst <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note377">feng to þe +flyȝt</a> alle þat fle myȝt,</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#clean_note378">Vuche burde +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> her barne</a> þe byggy<i>n</i>g þay leueȝ,</p> +<span class="pagenum">48</span> +<a name="page48" id="page48"> </a> +<span class="sidenote"> +Each woman with her bairns flees to the hills.</span> +<p>& <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note379">bowed</a> to þe +hyȝ bonk þer <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note379">brentest</a> +hit wern,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line380" id="clean_line380">380</a></span> +& <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note380">het<i>er</i>ly</a> to +þe hyȝe hylleȝ þay [h]aled on faste;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The rain never ceases.</span> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#clean_note381">Bot al watȝ nedleȝ her +note</a>, for neu<i>er</i> cowþe stynt</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#clean_note382">Þe roȝe raynande ryg</a> +[&] þe raykande waweȝ,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The valleys are filled.</span> +<p>Er vch <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note383">boþom</a> watȝ +brurd-ful to þe bonkeȝ eggeȝ,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line384" id="clean_line384">384</a></span> +& vche a dale so depe þat <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note384">de<i>m</i>med</a> at þe brynkeȝ.</p> +<p>Þe moste mou<i>n</i>tay<i>n</i>eȝ on mor þe<i>n</i>ne watȝ no more +dryȝe,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +People flock to the mountains.</span> +<p>& þ<i>er</i>-on flokked þe folke, for ferde of þe wrake,</p> +<p>Syþen þe wylde of þe wode on þe wat<i>er</i> flette;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Some swim for their lives.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line388" id="clean_line388">388</a></span> +Su<i>m</i>me swy<i>m</i>med þ<i>er</i>-on þat saue hemself trawed,</p> +<p>Su<i>m</i>me styȝe to a stud & stared to þe heuen,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Others roar for fear.</span> +<p>Rwly wyth a loud rurd rored for drede.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Animals of all kinds run to the hills.</span> +<p>Hareȝ, hertteȝ also, to <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note391">þe hyȝe</a> ru<i>n</i>nen,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line392" id="clean_line392">392</a></span> +Bukkeȝ, <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note392">bauseneȝ</a> & +buleȝ to þe bonkkeȝ hyȝed,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +All pray for mercy.</span> +<p>& alle cryed for care to þe ky<i>n</i>g of heuen,</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#clean_note394">Re-cou<i>er</i>er</a> of +þe creator, þay cryed vchone,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +God’s mercy is passed from them.</span> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#clean_note395">Þat amou<i>n</i>ted þe +masse</a>, þe mase his mercy watȝ passed,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line396" id="clean_line396">396</a></span> +& alle his pyte departed fro peple þat he hated.</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 62<i>b</i>.]</span> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#clean_note397">Bi þat</a> þe flod to +her fete floȝed & waxed,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Each sees that he must sink.</span> +<p>Þen vche a segge seȝ wel þat synk hy<i>m</i> byhoued;</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#clean_note399">Frendeȝ fellen i<i>n</i> +fere & faþmed togeder</a></p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line400" id="clean_line400">400</a></span> +To <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note400">dryȝ</a> her <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note400">delful</a> deystyné & dyȝen alle +samen;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Friends take leave of one another.</span> +<p>Luf lokeȝ to luf & his leue takeȝ,</p> +<p>For to ende alle at oneȝ & for eu<i>er</i> twy<i>n</i>ne.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Forty days have gone by, and all are destroyed.</span> +<p>By forty dayeȝ wern faren, on folde no flesch styryed,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>waȝeȝ</i>] <i>waweȝ</i> (?).</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line404" id="clean_line404">404</a></span> +Þat þe flod nade al <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note404">freten</a> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> feȝtande <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note404">waȝeȝ</a>,</p> +<p>For hit clam vche a clyffe cubit<i>es</i> fyftene,</p> +<p>Ou<i>er</i> þe hyȝest hylle þat <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note406">hurkled</a> on erþe.</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +ALL ROT IN THE MUD.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +All rot in the mud,</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note407">mo<i>ur</i>kne</a> i<i>n</i> þe mudde most ful nede</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>i<em>n</em>-spranc</i>] <i>in-sprang</i> (?).</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line408" id="clean_line408">408</a></span> +Alle þat spyrakle <span class="texttag">i<i>n</i>-spranc</span>, no +sprawly<i>n</i>g awayled,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +except Noah and his family,</span> +<p>Saue þe haþel vnder hach & his <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note409">here</a> strau<i>n</i>ge,</p> +<p>Noe þat ofte neuened þe name of oure lorde,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +who are safe in the ark.</span> +<p>Hy<i>m</i> <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note411">aȝt-su<i>m</i></a> i<i>n</i> þat ark as aþel god +lyked,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line412" id="clean_line412">412</a></span> +Þer alle ledeȝ i<i>n</i> lome lenged druye,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The ark is lifted as high as the clouds,</span> +<p>Þe arc houen watȝ on hyȝe w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> <a class="noteref" +href="#clean_note413">hurlande goteȝ</a>,</p> +<p>Kest to <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note414">kytheȝ +vncouþe</a> þe clowdeȝ ful nere.</p> +<span class="pagenum">49</span> +<a name="page49" id="page49"> </a> +<span class="sidenote"> +and is driven about,</span> +<p>Hit walt<i>er</i>ed on þe wylde flod, went as hit lyste,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line416" id="clean_line416">416</a></span> +Drof vpon þe depe dam, i<i>n</i> dau<i>n</i>g<i>er</i> hit semed,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +without mast, bowline, cables, anchors, or sail to guide its +course.</span> +<p>With-oute<i>n</i> mast, oþ<i>er</i> myke, oþ<i>er</i> myry +bawelyne,</p> +<p>Kable, oþ<i>er</i> capstan to clyppe to he<i>r</i> ankreȝ,</p> +<p>Hurrok, oþ<i>er</i> hande-helme hasped on roþ<i>er</i>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line420" id="clean_line420">420</a></span> +Oþ<i>er</i> any sweande sayl to seche aft<i>er</i> hauen,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +At the mercy of the winds.</span> +<p>Bot flote forthe w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þe <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note421">flyt</a> of þe felle wyndeȝ;</p> +<p>Wheder-warde so þe wat<i>er</i> wafte, hit rebou<i>n</i>de.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Oft it rolled around and reared on end.</span> +<p>Ofte hit roled on-rou<i>n</i>de & rered on ende,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line424" id="clean_line424">424</a></span> +Nyf oure lorde hade ben her lodeȝ-mon he<i>m</i> had <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note424">lu<i>m</i>pen</a> harde.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The age of the patriarch Noah.</span> +<p>Of þe lenþe of noe lyf to lay a lel date,</p> +<p>Þe sex hundreth of his age & none odde ȝereȝ,</p> +<p>Of seco<i>n</i>de monyth, þe seue<i>n</i>þe day ryȝteȝ,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Duration of the flood.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line428" id="clean_line428">428</a></span> +To-walten alle þyse welle-hedeȝ & þe wat<i>er</i> flowed,</p> +<p>& þryeȝ fyfty þe flod of folwande dayeȝ,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>yreȝ</i>] <i>yþeȝ</i> (?).</span> +<p>Vche hille watȝ þer hidde w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> <a class="noteref" +href="#clean_note430">yreȝ</a> ful graye;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The completeness of the destruction.</span> +<p>Al watȝ wasted þat þer wonyed þe worlde +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-i<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line432" id="clean_line432">432</a></span> +Þer eu<i>er</i> flote, oþ<i>er</i> flwe, oþ<i>er</i> on fote ȝede,</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 63<i>a</i>.]</span> +<p>That roȝly watȝ þe remnau<i>n</i>t þat þe <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note433">rac</a> dryueȝ,</p> +<p>Þat alle gendreȝ so ioyst wern ioyned wyth-i<i>n</i>ne.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +God remembers those in the ark.</span> +<p>Bot quen þe lorde of þe lyfte lyked hymseluen</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line436" id="clean_line436">436</a></span> +For to my<i>n</i>ne on his mon his <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note436">meth</a> þat abydeȝ,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He causes a wind to blow,</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i> he wakened a wynde on watt<i>er</i>eȝ to blowe;</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>llak</i>] So in MS.</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +and closes the lakes and wells, and the great deep.</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note438">lasned</a> +þe <span class="texttag">llak</span> þat large watȝ are,</p> +<p>Þen he <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note439">stac vp þe +stangeȝ</a>, stoped þo welleȝ,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line440" id="clean_line440">440</a></span> +Bed bly<i>n</i>ne of þe rayn, hit batede as fast,</p> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne lasned þe <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note441">loȝ</a> lowkande to-geder.</p> +<p>Aft<i>er</i> harde dayeȝ wern out an hundreth & fyfté,</p> +<p>As þat lyftande <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note443">lome</a> +luged aboute,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line444" id="clean_line444">444</a></span> +Where þe wynde & þe weder warpen hit wolde,</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +THE ARK RESTS ON MOUNT ARARAT.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The ark settles on Mount Ararat.</span> +<p>Hit saȝtled on a softe day synkande to grou<i>n</i>de.</p> +<p>On a <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note446">rasse</a> of a rok, +hit rest at þe laste,</p> +<p>On þe mou<i>n</i>te of mararach of armene hilles,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line448" id="clean_line448">448</a></span> +Þat oþ<i>er</i>-wayeȝ on ebrv hit hat þe thanes.</p> +<p>Bot þaȝ þe <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note449">kyste</a> in +þe crageȝ <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note449">wern</a> closed +to byde,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">50</span> +<a name="page50" id="page50"> </a> + +<p>Ȝet fyned not þe flod ne fel to þe boþemeȝ,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Noah beholds the bare earth.</span> +<p>Bot þe hyȝest of þe <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note451">eggeȝ vnhuled</a> wern a lyttel,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line452" id="clean_line452">452</a></span> +Þat þe burne <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note452">by<i>n</i>ne</a> borde byhelde þe bare erþe;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He opens his window and sends out the raven to seek dry land.</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne wafte he vpon his wyndowe, & wysed +þ<i>er</i>-oute</p> +<p>A message fro þat meyny hem moldeȝ to seche,</p> +<p>Þat watȝ þe rauen so ronk þat rebel watȝ eu<i>er</i>;</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line456" id="clean_line456">456</a></span> +He watȝ colored as þe cole, corbyal vn-trwe.</p> +<p>& he fongeȝ to þe flyȝt, & fa<i>n</i>neȝ on þe wyndeȝ,</p> +<p>Houeȝ hyȝe upon hyȝt to herken tyþy<i>n</i>ges.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The raven “croaks for comfort” on finding carrion.</span> +<p>He croukeȝ for comfort when carayne he fyndeȝ;</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line460" id="clean_line460">460</a></span> +Kast vp on a clyffe þer costese lay drye,</p> +<p>He hade þe smelle of þe <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note461">smach</a> & <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note461">smolt<i>es</i></a> þeder sone,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He fills his belly with the foul flesh.</span> +<p>Falleȝ on þe foule flesch & fylleȝ his wombe,</p> +<p>& sone <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note463">ȝederly</a> +for-ȝete ȝister-day <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note463">steuen</a>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line464" id="clean_line464">464</a></span> +How þe cheuetayn hy<i>m</i> charged þ<i>a</i>t þe kyst ȝemed.</p> +<p>Þe rauen raykeȝ hy<i>m</i> forth þat reches ful lyttel</p> +<p>How alle <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note466">fodeȝ</a> þer +fare, <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note466">elleȝ</a> he fynde +mete;</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +NOAH SENDS FORTH A DOVE.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>borde</i>] MS. <i>lorde</i>.</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +The lord of the ark curses the raven,</span> +<p>Bot þe burne by<i>n</i>ne <span class="texttag">borde</span> þat +bod to hys come,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line468" id="clean_line468">468</a></span> +Ba<i>n</i>ned hy<i>m</i> ful bytt<i>er</i>ly w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> +best<i>es</i> alle samen,</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 63<i>b</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>dou<em>n</em>e</i>] <i>douue</i> or <i>douene</i> (?).</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +and sends out the dove.</span> +<p>He secheȝ an oþ<i>er</i> sondeȝmon & setteȝ on þe <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note469">dou<i>n</i>e</a>;</p> +<p>Bry<i>n</i>geȝ þat bryȝt vpon borde blessed & sayde,</p> +<p>“Wende worþelych wyȝt v<i>us</i> woneȝ to seche,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line472" id="clean_line472">472</a></span> +Dryf ou<i>er</i> þis dy<i>m</i>me wat<i>er</i>; if þ<i>o</i>u druye +fyndeȝ</p> +<p>Bry<i>n</i>g bodworde to bot blysse to v<i>us</i> alle;</p> +<p>Þaȝ þat fowle be false, fre be þ<i>o</i>u euer.”</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The bird wanders about the whole day.</span> +<p>Ho wyrl<i>e</i> out on þe weder o<i>n</i> wy<i>n</i>geȝ ful +scharpe,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line476" id="clean_line476">476</a></span> +<a class="noteref" href="#clean_note476">Dreȝly</a> alle a longe day +þ<i>a</i>t dorst neu<i>er</i> lyȝt;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Finding no rest, she returns about eventide to Noah.</span> +<p>& when ho fyndeȝ no folde her fote on to pyche,</p> +<p>Ho vmbe-kesteȝ þe coste & þe kyst secheȝ,</p> +<p>Ho hitteȝ on þe euentyde & on þe ark sitteȝ;</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line480" id="clean_line480">480</a></span> +Noe ny<i>m</i>mes hir anon & <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note480">naytly</a> hir staueȝ.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Noah again sends out the dove.</span> +<p>Noe on anoþ<i>er</i> day ny<i>m</i>meȝ efte þe dovene,</p> +<p>& byddeȝ hir bowe ou<i>er</i> þe <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note482">borne</a> efte bonkeȝ to seche;</p> +<p>& ho skyrmeȝ vnder <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note483">skwe</a> & <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note483">skowteȝ</a> aboute,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line484" id="clean_line484">484</a></span> +Tyl hit watȝ nyȝe at þe naȝt & noe þe<i>n</i> secheȝ.</p> + + +<span class="pagenum">51</span> +<a name="page51" id="page51"> </a> +<h4><a name="clean_VI" id="clean_VI">VI.</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote firstline"> +The dove returns with an olive branch in her beak.</span> + +<p>On ark on an euentyde houeȝ þe <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note485">downe</a>,</p> +<p>On stamyn ho stod & stylle hy<i>m</i> abydeȝ;</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#clean_note487">What!</a> ho broȝt +i<i>n</i> hir beke a bronch of olyue,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line488" id="clean_line488">488</a></span> +G<i>ra</i>cyo<i>us</i>ly vmbe-grouen al w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> grene +leueȝ;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +This was a token of peace and reconciliation.</span> +<p>Þat watȝ þe sy<i>n</i>gne of sauyté þ<i>a</i>t sende he<i>m</i> oure +lorde,</p> +<p>& þe <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note490">saȝtly<i>n</i>g</a> of hy<i>m</i>-self +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þo sely besteȝ.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Joy reigns in the ark.</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i> watȝ þer ioy i<i>n</i> pat gyn where Iu<i>m</i>pred er +dryȝed,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line492" id="clean_line492">492</a></span> +& much comfort i<i>n</i> þat cofer þat watȝ clay-daubed.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The people therein laugh and look thereout.</span> +<p>Myryly on a fayr morn, monyth þe fyrst,</p> +<p>Þat falleȝ formast i<i>n</i> þe ȝer, & þe fyrst day,</p> +<p>Ledeȝ loȝen i<i>n</i> þat lome & loked þ<i>er</i>-oute,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line496" id="clean_line496">496</a></span> +How þat watt<i>er</i>eȝ wern <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note496">woned</a> & þe worlde dryed.</p> +<p>Vchon loued oure lorde, bot lenged ay stylle,</p> +<p>Tyl þay had tyþy<i>n</i>g fro þe tolke þat <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note498">tyned</a> he<i>m</i> þ<i>er</i>-i<i>n</i>ne;</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +NOAH LEAVES THE ARK.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +God permits Noah and his sons to leave the ark.</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i> <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note499">godeȝ +glam</a> to hem glod þat gladed hem alle,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line500" id="clean_line500">500</a></span> +Bede hem drawe to þe dor, delyu<i>er</i> hem he wolde;</p> +<p>Þe<i>n</i> went þay to þe wykket, hit <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note501">walt</a> vpon sone,</p> +<p>Boþe þe burne & his barneȝ bowed þ<i>er</i>-oute;</p> +<p>Her wyueȝ walkeȝ hem wyth & þe wylde aft<i>er</i>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line504" id="clean_line504">504</a></span> +<a class="noteref" href="#clean_note504">Þroly þrublande i<i>n</i> +þronge</a>, þrowen ful þykke;</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 64<i>a</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +Noah offers sacrifice to God.</span> +<p>Bot Noe of vche honest kynde nem out an odde</p> +<p>& heuened vp an auter & halȝed hit fayre,</p> +<p>& sette a sakerfyse þ<i>er</i>-on of vch a ser kynde,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line508" id="clean_line508">508</a></span> +Þat watȝ comly & clene, god kepeȝ non oþ<i>er</i>.</p> +<p>When bremly brened þose besteȝ, & þe <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note509">breþe</a> rysed,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +It is pleasing to Him that “all speeds or spoils.”</span> +<p>Þe sauo<i>ur</i> of his sacrafyse soȝt to hym euen</p> +<p>Þat al <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note511">spedeȝ & +spylleȝ</a>; he spek<i>es</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þat ilke</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line512" id="clean_line512">512</a></span> +I<i>n</i> comly comfort ful clos & cortays wordeȝ:</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +God declares that He will never destroy the world for the sin of +man.</span> +<p>“Now noe no more nel I neu<i>er</i> wary,</p> +<p>Alle þe mukel mayny [on] molde for no ma<i>n</i>neȝ +sy<i>n</i>neȝ,</p> +<p>For I se wel þat hit is sothe, þat alle ma<i>n</i>neȝ wytteȝ</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line516" id="clean_line516">516</a></span> +To vn-þryfte arn alle þrawen w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þoȝt of her hertteȝ,</p> +<p>& ay hatȝ ben & wyl be ȝet fro her <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note517">barnage</a>;</p> +<p>Al is þe mynde of þe man to malyce enclyned,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">52</span> +<a name="page52" id="page52"> </a> + +<p>For-þy schal I neu<i>er</i> schende so schortly at ones,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line520" id="clean_line520">520</a></span> +As dysstrye al for maneȝ sy<i>n</i>ne [in] dayeȝ of þis erþe.</p> +<p>Bot waxeȝ now & wendeȝ forth & worþeȝ to monye,</p> +<p>Multyplyeȝ on þis molde & menske yow by-tyde.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +That summer and winter shall never cease.</span> +<p>Sesou<i>n</i>eȝ schal yow neu<i>er</i> sese of sede ne of +heruest,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line524" id="clean_line524">524</a></span> +Ne hete, ne no harde forst, vmbre ne droȝþe,</p> +<p>Ne þe swetnesse of somer, ne þe <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note525">sadde</a> wynt<i>er</i>,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Nor night nor day, nor the new years.</span> +<p>Ne þe nyȝt, ne þe day, ne þe newe ȝereȝ,</p> +<p>Bot eu<i>er</i> re<i>n</i>ne restleȝ rengneȝ ȝe +þ<i>er</i>-i<i>n</i>ne.”</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +God blesses every beast.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line528" id="clean_line528">528</a></span> +Þ<i>er</i>wyth he blesseȝ vch a best, & bytaȝt hem þis erþe.</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#clean_note529">Þe<i>n</i> watȝ a skylly +skyualde</a>, quen scaped alle þe wylde;</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +THE BEASTS ARE DISPERSED.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Each fowl takes its flight. Each fish goes to the flood.</span> +<p>Vche fowle to þe flyȝt þat fyþereȝ myȝt serue,</p> +<p>Vche fysch to þe flod þat fy<i>n</i>ne couþe <a class="noteref" +href="#clean_note531">nayte</a>,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>þat</i>] MS. <i>þat þat</i>.</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +Each beast makes for the plain. Wild worms wriggle to their abodes in +the earth.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line532" id="clean_line532">532</a></span> +Vche beste to þe bent <span class="texttag">þat</span> byt<i>es</i> on +erbeȝ;</p> +<p>Wylde wormeȝ to her won <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note533">wryþeȝ</a> i<i>n</i> þe erþe,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The fox goes to the woods. Harts to the heath, and hares to the +gorse.</span> +<p>Þe fox & þe <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note534">folmarde</a> to þe fryth wyndeȝ,</p> +<p>Hertt<i>es</i> to hyȝe heþe, hareȝ to gorsteȝ,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Lions and leopards go to the lakes. Eagles and hawks to the high +rocks.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line536" id="clean_line536">536</a></span> +& lyou<i>n</i>eȝ & lebardeȝ to þe lake <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note536">ryft<i>es</i></a>,</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#clean_note537">Herneȝ</a> & hauekeȝ +to þe hyȝe rocheȝ;</p> +<p>Þe hole-foted fowle to þe flod hyȝeȝ,</p> +<p>& vche best <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note539">at a +brayde</a> þer hy<i>m</i> best lykeȝ;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The four ‘frekes’ take the empire.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line540" id="clean_line540">540</a></span> +Þe fowre frekeȝ of þe folde fongeȝ þe empyre.</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +GOD’S HATRED OF WICKEDNESS.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 64<i>b</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +Behold what woe God brought on mankind for their hateful deeds!</span> +<p>Lo! suche a wrakful wo for wlatsu<i>m</i> dedeȝ</p> +<p>Parformed þe hyȝe fader on folke þat he made;</p> +<p>Þat he chysly hade cherisched he chastysed ful hardee,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line544" id="clean_line544">544</a></span> +I<i>n</i> de-voydy<i>n</i>ge þe vylanye þ<i>a</i>t venkquyst his +þeweȝ.</p> +<p>For-þy war þe now, wyȝe, þat worschyp desyres,</p> +<p>I<i>n</i> his comlych co<i>ur</i>te þat ky<i>n</i>g is of blysse,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Beware of the filth of the flesh.</span> +<p>I<i>n</i> þe fylþe of þe flesch þat þ<i>o</i>u be fou<i>n</i>den +neu<i>er</i>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line548" id="clean_line548">548</a></span> +Tyl any wat<i>er</i> i<i>n</i> þe worlde to wasche þe fayly,</p> +<p>For is no segge vnder su<i>n</i>ne so seme of his crafteȝ,</p> +<p>If he be sulped i<i>n</i> sy<i>n</i>ne, þat [ne] sytteȝ vnclene.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +“One speck of a spot” will ruin us in the sight of God.</span> +<p>On spec of a spote may spede to mysse</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line552" id="clean_line552">552</a></span> +Of þe syȝte of þe sou<i>er</i>ayn þat sytteȝ so hyȝe,</p> +<p>For þat schewe me schale i<i>n</i> þo schyre howseȝ,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The beryl is clean and sound,—it has no seam.</span> +<p>As þe beryl bornyst byhoueȝ be clene,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">53</span> +<a name="page53" id="page53"> </a> + +<p>Þat is sou<i>n</i>de on vche a syde & no sem habes,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line556" id="clean_line556">556</a></span> +W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-outen maskle oþ<i>er</i> mote as margerye +p<i>er</i>le.</p> + + +<h4><a name="clean_VII" id="clean_VII">VII.</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote firstline"> +When God repented that he had made man, he destroyed all flesh.</span> +<p class="firstline"> +Syþe<i>n</i> þe sou<i>er</i>ayn i<i>n</i> sete so sore for-þoȝt</p> +<p>Þat eu<i>er</i> he man vpon molde <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note558">merked</a> to lyuy,</p> +<p>For he i<i>n</i> fylþe watȝ fallen, felly he uenged,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>fo<em>ur</em>ferde</i>] <i>for-ferde</i> (?).</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line560" id="clean_line560">560</a></span> +Quen <span class="texttag">fo<i>ur</i>ferde</span> alle þe flesch þat +he formed hade,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +But afterwards He was sorry,</span> +<p>Hy<i>m</i> rwed þat he hem vp-rerde & <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note561">raȝt</a> hem lyflode,</p> +<p>& efte þat he he<i>m</i> vndyd, hard hit hym þoȝt;</p> +<p>For quen þe swemande sorȝe soȝt to his hert,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and made a covenant with mankind</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line564" id="clean_line564">564</a></span> +He knyt a couenau<i>n</i>de cortaysly w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> monkynde +þ<i>er</i>e,</p> +<p>In þe mesure of his mode & meþe of his wylle,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +that He would not again destroy all the living.</span> +<p>Þat he schulde neu<i>er</i> for no <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note566">syt</a> smyte al at oneȝ,</p> +<p>As to quelle alle <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note567">quykeȝ</a> for <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note567">qued</a> þat myȝt falle,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line568" id="clean_line568">568</a></span> +Whyl of þe lenþe of þe londe lasteȝ þe t<i>er</i>me.</p> +<p>Þat ilke skyl for no scaþe ascaped hy<i>m</i> neu<i>er</i>,</p> +<p>Wheder wonderly he wrak on wykked men aft<i>er</i>;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +For the filth of the flesh God destroyed a rich city.</span> +<p>Ful felly for þat ilk faute forferde a kyth ryche,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line572" id="clean_line572">572</a></span> +I<i>n</i> þe anger of his ire þat arȝed mony;</p> +<p>& al watȝ for þis ilk euel, þat <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note573">vn-happen glette</a>,</p> +<p>Þe venym & þe vylanye & þe vycios fylþe,</p> +<p>Þat by-sulpeȝ ma<i>n</i>neȝ saule i<i>n</i> vnsou<i>n</i>de hert,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line576" id="clean_line576">576</a></span> +Þat he his saueour ne see w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> syȝt of his yȝen,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +God hates the wicked as “hell that stinks.”</span> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 65. <ins class="correction" title="‘a’ missing"><i>a</i>.</ins>]</span> +<p>Þat alle illeȝ he hates as helle þat stynkkeȝ;</p> +<p>Bot non nuyeȝ hy<i>m</i>, on naȝt ne neu<i>er</i> vpon dayeȝ,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Especially harlotry and blasphemy.</span> +<p>As harlottrye vn-honest, <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note579">heþy<i>n</i>g of seluen</a>;</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line580" id="clean_line580">580</a></span> +Þat schameȝ for no schrewedschyp schent mot he worþe!</p> +<p>Bot sauyo<i>ur</i> mon i<i>n</i> þy self, þaȝ þ<i>o</i>u a sotte +lyuie,</p> +<p>Þaȝ þ<i>o</i>u bere þy self babel, by-þenk þe su<i>m</i>-tyme,</p> +<p>Wheþer he þat stykked vche a stare i<i>n</i> vche <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note583">steppe yȝe</a>,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>self</i>] MS. <i>sele.</i></span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line584" id="clean_line584">584</a></span> +Ȝif hy<i>m</i> <span class="texttag">self</span> be bore blynd<i>e</i> +hit is a brod wonder;</p> +<p>& he þat fetly i<i>n</i> face fettled alle eres</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>he</i>] MS. <i>he he.</i></span> +<p>If <span class="texttag">he</span> hatȝ <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note586">losed þe lysten</a> hit lyfteȝ meruayle;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Nothing is hidden from God.</span> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#clean_note587">Trave</a> þ<i>o</i>u +neu<i>er</i> þat tale, vn-trwe þ<i>o</i>u hit fyndeȝ,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line588" id="clean_line588">588</a></span> +<a class="noteref" href="#clean_note588">Þer is no dede so derne þat +ditteȝ his yȝen;</a></p> + +<span class="pagenum">54</span> +<a name="page54" id="page54"> </a> + +<p>Þer is no wyȝe i<i>n</i> his werk so war ne so stylle</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>þre</i>] <i>þer</i> (?).</span> +<p>Þat hit ne þraweȝ to hym <span class="texttag">þre</span> er he hit +þoȝt haue;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +God is the ground of all deeds.</span> +<p>For he is þe <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note591">gropande</a> god, þe grou<i>n</i>de of alle dedeȝ,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>ri<em>n</em>g</i>] <i>rink</i> or <i>renk</i> (?).</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line592" id="clean_line592">592</a></span> +<a class="noteref" href="#clean_note592">Rypande of vche a <span +class="texttag">ri<i>n</i>g</span> þe reynyeȝ & hert;</a></p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He honours the man that is honest and whole.</span> +<p>& þere he fyndeȝ al fayre a freke wyth-i<i>n</i>ne</p> +<p>Þat hert honest & hol, þat haþel he hono<i>ur</i>eȝ,</p> +<p>Sendeȝ hy<i>m</i> a sad syȝt to se his auen face,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line596" id="clean_line596">596</a></span> +& harde <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note596">honyseȝ</a> +þise oþ<i>er</i> & of his erde flemeȝ.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +But for deeds of shame He destroys the mighty ones.</span> +<p>Bot of þe dome of þe douþe for dedeȝ of schame</p> +<p>He is so skoymos of þat skaþe, he <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note598">scarreȝ</a> bylyue,</p> +<p>He may not dryȝe <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note599">to draw +allyt</a>, bot drepeȝ i<i>n</i> hast</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line600" id="clean_line600">600</a></span> +& þat watȝ schewed schortly by a scaþe oneȝ.</p> + + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +ABRAHAM RECEIVES THREE GUESTS, AND ENTERTAINS THEM.</span></p> + +<h4><a name="clean_VIII" id="clean_VIII">VIII.</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote firstline"> +Abraham is sitting before his house-door under a green oak.</span> +<p class="firstline"> +Olde Abraham i<i>n</i> erde oneȝ he sytteȝ</p> +<p>Euen byfore his ho<i>us</i>-dore vnder an oke grene;</p> +<p>Bryȝt <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note603">blykked</a> þe bem +of þe brode heuen,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line604" id="clean_line604">604</a></span> +I<i>n</i> þe hyȝe hete þ<i>er</i>-of Abraham bideȝ,</p> +<p>He watȝ <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note605">schu<i>n</i>t</a> to þe schadow vnder schyre leueȝ;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He sees three men coming along,</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne watȝ he war on þe waye of wlonk wyȝeȝ þry<i>n</i>ne.</p> +<p>If þay wer farande & fre & fayre to beholde,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line608" id="clean_line608">608</a></span> +Hit is eþe to leue by þe last ende;</p> +<p>For þe lede þat þer laye þe leueȝ an-vnder,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and goes toward them.</span> +<p>When he hade of hem syȝt he hyȝeȝ bylyue,</p> +<p>& as to god þe good mon gos hem agayneȝ</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line612" id="clean_line612">612</a></span> +& haylsed hem i<i>n</i> onhede & sayde, “hende lorde</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 65<i>b</i>.]</span> +<p>Ȝif eu<i>er</i> þy mon vpon molde merit disserued,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He entreats them to rest awhile,</span> +<p>Lenge a lyttel with þy lede I loȝly bi-seche;</p> +<p>Passe neu<i>er</i> fro þi pou<i>er</i>e, ȝif I hit pray durst,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line616" id="clean_line616">616</a></span> +Er þ<i>o</i>u haf biden with þi burne & vnder boȝe restted;</p> +<p>& I schal wy<i>n</i>ne yow wyȝt of wat<i>er</i> a lyttel,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +that he may wash their feet<ins class="correction" title="text has . for ,">, </ins></span> +<p>& fast aboute schal I fare yo<i>ur</i> fette wer waschene;</p> +<p>Restteȝ here on þis rote & I schal rachche aft<i>er</i></p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and bring them a morsel of bread.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line620" id="clean_line620">620</a></span> +& bry<i>n</i>ge a morsel of bred to banne yo<i>ur</i> hertte.”</p> +<p>“Fare forthe,” q<i>uod</i> þe frekeȝ, “& fech as þ<i>o</i>u +seggeȝ;</p> +<p>By bole of þis brode tre we byde þe here.”</p> +<span class="pagenum">55</span> +<a name="page55" id="page55"> </a> +<span class="sidenote"> +Abraham commands Sarah to make some cakes quickly,</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note623">orppedly</a> i<i>n</i>-to his ho<i>us</i> he hyȝed to +Saré</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line624" id="clean_line624">624</a></span> +Comau<i>n</i>ded hir to be cof & quyk at þis oneȝ;</p> +<p>“Þre metteȝ of mele menge & ma kakeȝ,</p> +<p>Vnder askeȝ ful hote <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note626">happe</a> hem byliue;</p> +<p>Quyl I fete <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note627">su<i>m</i>quat fat</a> þ<i>o</i>u <a class="noteref" +href="#clean_note627">þe fyr bete</a>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line628" id="clean_line628">628</a></span> +Prestly at þis ilke poynte su<i>m</i> polment to make.”</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>cobho<em>us</em></i>] <i>cov-hous</i> = cow-house (?).</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +and tells his servant to seethe a tender kid.</span> +<p>He cached to his <span class="texttag">cobho<i>us</i></span> & +a calf bry<i>n</i>geȝ</p> +<p>Þat watȝ tender & not toȝe; bed tyrne of þe hyde,</p> +<p>& sayde to his seruau<i>n</i>t þ<i>a</i>t he hit seþe faste</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line632" id="clean_line632">632</a></span> +& he <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note632">deruely</a> at his +dome dyȝt hit bylyue.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Abraham appears bare-headed before his guests.</span> +<p>Þe burne to be bare-heued buskeȝ hy<i>m</i> þe<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He casts a clean cloth on the green,</span> +<p>Clecheȝ to a clene cloþe & kesteȝ on þe grene,</p> +<p>Þrwe þryftyly þ<i>er</i>-on þo þre <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note635">þerue kakeȝ</a>,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and sets before them cakes, butter, milk, and pottage.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line636" id="clean_line636">636</a></span> +& bry<i>n</i>geȝ butt<i>er</i> wyth-al, & by þe bred setteȝ</p> +<p>Mete; messeȝ of mylke he merkkeȝ bytwene,</p> +<p>Syþe<i>n</i> potage & polment i<i>n</i> plater honest;</p> +<p>As sewer i<i>n</i> a god assyse he serued hem fayre,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line640" id="clean_line640">640</a></span> +Wyth sadde semblau<i>n</i>t & swete of such as he hade,</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +GOD DISCLOSES HIS PURPOSE TO ABRAHAM.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +God praises his friend’s feast,</span> +<p>& god as a glad gest mad god chere,</p> +<p>Þat watȝ fayn of his frende & his fest praysed.</p> +<p>Abraham, al hodleȝ w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> armeȝ vp-folden,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line644" id="clean_line644">644</a></span> +Mynystred mete byfore þo men þat myȝtes al weldeȝ;</p> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne þay sayden, as þay sete same<i>n</i> alle +þry<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and after the meat is removed,</span> +<p>When þe mete watȝ remued & þay of <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note646">mensk</a> speken,</p> +<p>“I schal efte here away abram,” þay sayden,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line648" id="clean_line648">648</a></span> +“Ȝet er þy lyueȝ lyȝt <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note648">leþe</a> vpon erþe,</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 66<i>a</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +He tells Abraham that Sarah shall bear him a son.</span> +<p>& þe<i>n</i>ne schal saré consayue & a su<i>n</i> bere,</p> +<p>Þat schal be abrahameȝ ayre, & aft<i>er</i> hy<i>m</i> +wy<i>n</i>ne</p> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> wele & wyth worschyp þe worþely peple</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line652" id="clean_line652">652</a></span> +Þat schal halde i<i>n</i> heritage, þat I haf men <a class="noteref" +href="#clean_note652">ȝark</a>.”</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Sarah, who is behind the door, laughs in unbelief.</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne þe burde byhynde þe dor <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note653">for busmar</a> laȝed;</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>sothly</i>] ? <i>softly</i> or <i>sotly</i> = foolishly</span> +<p>& sayde <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note654">sothly</a> +to hir-self saré þe madde:</p> +<p>“<a class="noteref" href="#clean_note655">May þ<i>o</i>u traw for +tykle þat þ<i>o</i>u to<i>n</i>ne moȝteȝ</a>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line656" id="clean_line656">656</a></span> +& I so hyȝe out of age & also my lorde,”</p> +<p>For soþely, as says þe wryt, he wern of sadde elde,</p> +<p>Boþe þe wyȝe & his wyf, such werk watȝ hem fayled,</p> +<span class="pagenum">56</span> +<a name="page56" id="page56"> </a> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>byene</i>] ? <i>bycame</i>.</span> +<p>Fro mony a brod day by-fore ho barayn ay <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note659">byene</a>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line660" id="clean_line660">660</a></span> +Þat selue saré w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-outen sede i<i>n</i>-to þat same +tyme.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +God tells Abraham that Sarah laughs at His words.</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne sayde oure syre þer he sete “se! so saré laȝes,</p> +<p>Not trawande þe tale þat I þe to schewed;</p> +<p>Hopeȝ ho oȝt may be harde my hondeȝ to work?</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line664" id="clean_line664">664</a></span> +& ȝet I a-vow v<i>er</i>ayly þe avau<i>n</i>t þat I made,</p> +<p>I schal ȝeply aȝayn & ȝelde þat I hyȝt,</p> +<p>& sothely sende to saré a soñ & an hayre.”</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Sarah denies that she laughed.</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne swenged forth saré & swer <ins class="correction" +title="text reads ‘hy’ (1864 ‘by’)">by</ins> hir trawþe,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>lansed</i>] <i>laused</i> (?).</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line668" id="clean_line668">668</a></span> +<a class="noteref" href="#clean_note668">Þat for lot þat þay <span +class="texttag">lansed</span> ho laȝed neu<i>er</i>.</a></p> +<p>“Now i<i>n</i>nogh<i>e</i> hit is not so” þe<i>n</i>ne n<i>ur</i>ned +þe dryȝtyn,</p> +<p>“For þ<i>o</i>u laȝed <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note670">aloȝ</a>, bot let we hit one.”</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Abraham’s guests set out towards Sodom,</span> +<p>With þat þay ros vp radly as þay rayke schulde,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line672" id="clean_line672">672</a></span> +& setten toward sodamas her syȝt alle at-oneȝ;</p> +<p>For þat Cite þ<i>er</i> bysyde watȝ sette i<i>n</i> a vale,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +two miles from Mamre.</span> +<p>No myleȝ fro mambre mo þe<i>n</i> tweyne,</p> +<p>Where-so wonyed þis ilke wyȝ þat wendeȝ w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> oure +lorde,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line676" id="clean_line676">676</a></span> +For to tent hy<i>m</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> tale & teche hy<i>m</i> þe +gate,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The patriarch accompanies them.</span> +<p>Þen glydeȝ forth god, þe godmo<i>n</i> hy<i>m</i> folȝeȝ.</p> +<p>Abraham heldeȝ hem wyth, he<i>m</i> to co<i>n</i>ueye,</p> +<p>I<i>n</i> towarde þe Cety of sodamas þat sy<i>n</i>ned had +þe<i>n</i>ne</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line680" id="clean_line680">680</a></span> +I<i>n</i> þe faute of þis fylþe; þe fader hem þretes,</p> +<p>& sayde þ<i>us</i> to þe segg þat sued hy<i>m</i> +aft<i>er</i>:</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +God determines to reveal to Abraham his secret purposes.</span> +<p><ins class="quotation" title="orphaned open quote">“How</ins> +myȝt I hyde myn hert fro habraham þe trwe,</p> +<p>Þat I ne dyscou<i>er</i>ed to his corse my cou<i>n</i>sayl so +dere.</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line684" id="clean_line684">684</a></span> +Syþen he is chosen to be chef chyldryn fader,</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 66<i>b</i>.]</span> +<p>Þat so folk schal falle fro, to flete alle þe worlde,</p> +<p>& vche <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note686">blod</a> +i<i>n</i> þat burne blessed schal worþe.</p> +<p>Me <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note687">bos</a> telle to þat +tolk þe tene of my wylle</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line688" id="clean_line688">688</a></span> +& alle myn <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note688">atly<i>n</i>g</a> to abraham <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note688">vn-haspe</a> bilyue.</p> + + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +THE FILTHINESS OF SODOM AND GOMORRAH.</span></p> + +<h4><a name="clean_IX" id="clean_IX">IX.</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote firstline"> +He informs him of the destruction about to fall upon the cities of the +plain,</span> +<p class="firstline"> +“The grete sou<i>n</i> of sodamas synkkeȝ i<i>n</i> my<i>n</i> ereȝ,</p> +<p>& þe gult of gomorre gareȝ me to wrath;</p> +<p>I schal lyȝt i<i>n</i>-to þat led & loke my seluen,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>If</i>] MS. i<i>n</i>f.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line692" id="clean_line692">692</a></span> +<span class="texttag">If</span> þay haf don as þe dyne dryueȝ +on-lofte,</p> +<span class="pagenum">57</span> +<a name="page57" id="page57"> </a> +<span class="sidenote"> +for their great wickedness,</span> +<p>Þay han lerned a lyst þat lykeȝ me ille,</p> +<p>Þat þay han fou<i>n</i>den i<i>n</i> her flesch of fauteȝ þe +werst,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +in abusing the gifts bestowed upon them.</span> +<p>Vch male matȝ his mach a man as hy<i>m</i> seluen,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line696" id="clean_line696">696</a></span> +& <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note696">fylt<i>er</i></a> +folyly i<i>n</i> fere, on fe<i>m</i>maleȝ wyse.</p> +<p>I compast hem a kynde crafte & kende hit hem derne,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The ordinance of marriage had been made for them,</span> +<p>& <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note698">amed</a> hit +i<i>n</i> my<i>n</i> ordenau<i>n</i>ce <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note698">oddely dere</a>,</p> +<p>& dyȝt <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note699">drwry</a> +þer-i<i>n</i>ne, <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note699">doole +alþ<i>er</i>-swettest</a>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line700" id="clean_line700">700</a></span> +& þe play of paramoreȝ I portrayed my seluen;</p> +<p>& made þer-to a man<i>er</i> myriest of oþ<i>er</i>,</p> +<p>When two true togeder had tyȝed hem seluen,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>conne</i>] <i>come</i> (?).</span> +<p>By-twene a male & his make such m<i>er</i>þe schulde <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note703">conne</a>;</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line704" id="clean_line704">704</a></span> +Wel nyȝe pure paradys moȝt preue no bett<i>er</i>,</p> +<p>Elleȝ þay moȝt honestly ayþ<i>er</i> oþ<i>er</i> welde.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +but they foully set it at nought.</span> +<p>At a stylle <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note706">stollen</a> +steuen, vnstered wyth syȝt,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The flame of love.</span> +<p>Luf lowe hem bytwene lasched so hote,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line708" id="clean_line708">708</a></span> +Þat alle þe meschefeȝ on mold moȝt hit not sleke;</p> +<p>Now haf þay skyfted my skyl & scorned natwre,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Therefore shall they be destroyed as an example to all men for +ever.</span> +<p>& hentteȝ hem i<i>n</i> heþy<i>n</i>g an vsage vn-clene;</p> +<p>Hem to smyte for þat <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note711">smod</a> smartly I þenk</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line712" id="clean_line712">712</a></span> +Þat wyȝeȝ schal be by hem war, worlde w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-outen +ende.”</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +ABRAHAM PLEADS FOR THE CITIES.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Abraham is full of fear,</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne arȝed abraham & alle his mod chau<i>n</i>ge[d],</p> +<p>For hope of þe harde hate þat hyȝt hatȝ oure lorde;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and asks God whether the “sinful and the sinless” are to suffer +together.</span> +<p>Al sykande he sayde “s<i>ir</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> yor leue,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line716" id="clean_line716">716</a></span> +Schal synful & sakleȝ suffer al on payne;</p> +<p>Weþ<i>er</i> eu<i>er</i> hit lyke my lorde to lyfte such domeȝ,</p> +<p>Þat þe wykked & þe worþy schal on wrake suffer,</p> +<p>& weye vpon <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note719">þe worre +half</a> þat wrathed þe neu<i>er</i>?</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line720" id="clean_line720">720</a></span> +Þat watȝ neu<i>er</i> þy won þat wroȝteȝ v<i>us</i> alle.</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol<ins class="correction" title="text has , for .">. </ins>67<i>a</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +Whether he will spare the cities provided fifty righteous are found in +them?</span> +<p>Now fyfty fyn frendeȝ wer fou<i>n</i>de i<i>n</i> ȝonde toune</p> +<p>In þe Cety of Sodamas & also gomorré</p> +<p>Þat neu<i>er</i> lakked þy <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note723">laue</a>, bot loued ay trauþe,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line724" id="clean_line724">724</a></span> +& reȝt-ful wern & resou<i>n</i>able & redy þe to serue,</p> +<p>Schal þay falle i<i>n</i> þe faute þat oþ<i>er</i> frekeȝ wroȝt</p> +<p>& ioyne to her iuggement her iuise to haue?</p> +<p>Þat nas neu<i>er</i> þyn note, vnneuened hit worþe,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line728" id="clean_line728">728</a></span> +Þat art so gaynly a god & of goste mylde!”</p> +<span class="pagenum">58</span> +<a name="page58" id="page58"> </a> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>&</i>] <i>An</i> (?).</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +For the sake of fifty the cities shall be spared.</span> +<p>“Nay for fyfty,” q<i>uod</i> þe fader, “& þy fayre speche,</p> +<p><span class="texttag">&</span> þay be fou<i>n</i>den i<i>n</i> +þat folk of her fylþe clene,</p> +<p>I schal for-gyue alle þe gylt þurȝ my g<i>ra</i>ce one,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line732" id="clean_line732">732</a></span> +& let hem <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note732">smolt</a> al +unsmyten smoþely atoneȝ.”</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The patriarch beseeches God to spare the city for the sake of forty-five +righteous.</span> +<p>“AA! blessed be þow,” q<i>uod</i> þe burne, “so boner & +þewed,</p> +<p>& al haldeȝ i<i>n</i> þy honde, þe heuen & þe erþe,</p> +<p>Bot for I haf þis talke tatȝ to non ille,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line736" id="clean_line736">736</a></span> +Ȝif I mele a lyttel more þat mul am & askeȝ;</p> +<p>What if fyue faylen of fyfty þe nou<i>m</i>bre,</p> +<p>& þe remnau<i>n</i>t be reken, how restes þy wylle?”</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +For the lack of five the cities shall not be destroyed.</span> +<p>“And fyue wont of fyfty,” q<i>uod</i> god, “I schal forȝete alle</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line740" id="clean_line740">740</a></span> +& wyth-halde my honde <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note740">for horty<i>n</i>g</a> on lede.”</p> +<p>“& quat if faurty be fre & fauty þyse oþ<i>er</i></p> +<p>Schalt þow schortly al schende & schape non oþ<i>er</i>.”</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +For forty the cities shall be spared.</span> +<p>“Nay þaȝ faurty forfete ȝet <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note743">fryst</a> I a whyle,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line744" id="clean_line744">744</a></span> +& voyde away my vengau<i>n</i>ce, þaȝ me vyl þynk.”</p> +<p>Þe<i>n</i> abraham obeched hym & loȝly hi<i>m</i> þonkkeȝ,</p> +<p>“Now sayned be þou sauio<i>ur</i>, so symple i<i>n</i> þy wrath!</p> +<p>I am bot erþe ful euel & <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note747">vsle</a> so blake,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Abraham entreats God’s forbearance for his speech.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line748" id="clean_line748">748</a></span> +Forto mele wyth such a mayst<i>er</i> as myȝteȝ hatȝ alle,</p> +<p>Bot I haue by-go<i>n</i>nen wyth my god, & he hit gay<i>n</i> +þynkeȝ,</p> +<p>Ȝif I for-loyne as a fol þy frau<i>n</i>chyse may serue;</p> +<p>What if þretty þryuande be þrad i<i>n</i> ȝon tou<i>n</i>eȝ,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line752" id="clean_line752">752</a></span> +What schal I leue if my lorde, if he hem <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note752">leþe</a> wolde?”</p> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne þe godlych god gef hy<i>m</i> onsware,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Thirty righteous, found in the cities, shall save them from +destruction.</span> +<p>“Ȝet for þretty i<i>n</i> þrong <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note754">I schal my þro steke</a>,</p> +<p>& spare spakly of spyt i<i>n</i> space of my þeweȝ,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line756" id="clean_line756">756</a></span> +& my rankor refrayne fo<i>ur</i> þy <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note756">reken</a> wordeȝ.”</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 67<i>b</i>.]</span> +<p>“What for twenty,” q<i>uod</i> þe tolke, “vntwyneȝ þ<i>o</i>u hem +þe<i>n</i>ne?”</p> +<p>“Nay, ȝif þ<i>o</i>u ȝerneȝ hit, ȝet ȝark I hem g<i>ra</i>ce;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +For the sake of twenty guiltless ones God will release the rest.</span> +<p>If þat twenty be trwe I tene hem no more,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line760" id="clean_line760">760</a></span> +Bot relece alle þat regiou<i>n</i> of her ronk werkkeȝ.”</p> +<p>“Now aþel lorde,” q<i>uod</i> Abraham, “oneȝ a speche</p> +<p>& I schal schape no more þo schalkkeȝ to helpe;</p> + +<span class="pagenum">59</span> +<a name="page59" id="page59"> </a> + +<p>If ten trysty i<i>n</i> toune be tan i<i>n</i> þi werkkeȝ</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Or if ten only should be found pure.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line764" id="clean_line764">764</a></span> +Wylt þ<i>o</i>u <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note764">mese þy +mode</a> & menddy<i>n</i>g abyde?”</p> +<p>“I grau<i>n</i>t,” q<i>uod</i> þe grete god, “grau<i>n</i>t mercy,” +þ<i>a</i>t oþ<i>er</i>.</p> +<p>& þe<i>n</i>ne arest þe renk & raȝt no fyrre;</p> +<p>& godde glydeȝ his gate by þose grene wayeȝ</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line768" id="clean_line768">768</a></span> +& he co<i>n</i>ueyen hy<i>m</i> con w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> cast of his +yȝe,</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +MESSENGERS ARE SENT TO LOT.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The patriarch intercedes for Lot.</span> +<p>& als he loked along þere as oure lorde passed,</p> +<p>Ȝet he cryed hy<i>m</i> aft<i>er</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> careful +steuen:</p> +<p>“Meke mayst<i>er</i> on þy mon to my<i>n</i>ne if þe lyked,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line772" id="clean_line772">772</a></span> +Loth lengeȝ i<i>n</i> ȝon leede þat is my lef broþ<i>er</i>,</p> +<p>He sytteȝ þer i<i>n</i> sodomis, þy seruau<i>n</i>t so +pou<i>er</i>e</p> +<p>Among þo mansed men þat han þe much g<i>r</i>eued;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Beseeches Him to “temper His ire,”</span> +<p>Ȝif þ<i>o</i>u tyneȝ þat tou<i>n</i>, te<i>m</i>pre þyn yre</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line776" id="clean_line776">776</a></span> +As þy mersy may malte þy meke to spare.”</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and then departs weeping for sorrow.</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i> he wendeȝ, wendeȝ his way wepande for care</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>so</i>[<i>rȝe</i>]] <i>sorewe</i> is written by a late hand over the +original word.</span> +<p>To-warde þe <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note778">mere</a> of +mambre wepande for <span class="texttag">so[rȝe</span>,]</p> +<p>& þere i<i>n</i> longy<i>n</i>g al nyȝt he lengeȝ i<i>n</i> +wones,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line780" id="clean_line780">780</a></span> +Whyl þe sou<i>er</i>ayn to sodamas sende to spye.</p> + + +<h4><a name="clean_X" id="clean_X">X.</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote firstline"> +God’s messengers go to Sodom.</span> +<p class="firstline"> +His sondes i<i>n</i>-to sodamas watȝ sende i<i>n</i> þat tyme,</p> +<p>I<i>n</i> þat ilk euentyde, by au<i>n</i>gels tweyne,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>Meuand meuande</i>] So in MS.</span> +<p><span class="texttag">Meuand meuande</span> mekely togeder as myry +me<i>n</i> ȝonge,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Lot is sitting alone at the “door of his lodge.”</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line784" id="clean_line784">784</a></span> +As loot i<i>n</i> a loge dor <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note784">lened</a> hy<i>m</i> alone,</p> +<p>I<i>n</i> a porche of þat place pyȝt to þe ȝat<i>es</i>,</p> +<p>Þat watȝ ryal & ryche, so watȝ þe renk<i>es</i> seluen.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Staring into the street he sees two men.</span> +<p>As he stared i<i>n</i>-to þe strete þ<i>er</i> stout men played</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line788" id="clean_line788">788</a></span> +He syȝe þer swey i<i>n</i> asent swete men tweyne;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Beardless chins they had,</span> +<p>Bolde burneȝ wer þay boþe w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> berdles +chy<i>n</i>neȝ,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and hair like raw silk.</span> +<p>Royl rollande fax to raw sylk lyke,</p> +<p>Of ble as þe brere flo<i>ur</i> where-so þe bare scheweed,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line792" id="clean_line792">792</a></span> +Ful clene watȝ þe cou<i>n</i>tenau<i>n</i>ce of her cler yȝen;</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 68<i>a</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +Beautifully white were their weeds.</span> +<p>Wlonk whit watȝ her wede & wel hit hem semed.</p> +<p>Of alle fetureȝ ful fyn & fautleȝ boþe;</p> +<p>Watȝ non autly i<i>n</i> ouþ<i>er</i>, for aungels hit wern,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">60</span> +<a name="page60" id="page60"> </a> + +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line796" id="clean_line796">796</a></span> +& þat þe ȝep <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note796">vnder-ȝede</a> þat i<i>n</i> þe ȝate sytteȝ.</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +LOT ENTERTAINS THE MESSENGERS.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Lot runs to meet them.</span> +<p>He ros vp ful radly & ran hem to mete</p> +<p>& loȝe he louteȝ hem to, loth, to þe grou<i>n</i>de,</p> +<p>& syþen soberly [satȝ] “syreȝ I yow by-seche,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Invites them to remain awhile in his house,</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line800" id="clean_line800">800</a></span> +Þat ȝe wolde lyȝt at my loge & lenge þ<i>er</i>-i<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<p>Comeȝ to yo<i>ur</i> <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note801">knaues kote</a> I craue at þis oneȝ;</p> +<p>I schal fette yow a <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note802">fatte</a> yo<i>ur</i> fette forto wasche;</p> +<p>I <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note803">norne</a> yow bot for +on nyȝt neȝe me to lenge,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and in the morning they may take their way.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line804" id="clean_line804">804</a></span> +& i<i>n</i> þe myry morny<i>n</i>g ȝe may yo<i>ur</i> waye +take.”</p> +<p>& þay nay þat þay nolde neȝ no howseȝ,</p> +<p>Bot stylly þer i<i>n</i> þe strete as þay stadde wern,</p> +<p>Þay wolde lenge þe long naȝt & logge þ<i>er</i>-oute;</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line808" id="clean_line808">808</a></span> +Hit watȝ ho<i>us</i> innoȝe to hem þe heuen vpon lofte.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Lot invites them so long that at last they comply.</span> +<p>Loth laþed so longe wyth luflych wordeȝ,</p> +<p>Þat þay hy<i>m</i> grau<i>n</i>ted to go & <a class="noteref" +href="#clean_note810">gruȝt</a> no leng<i>er</i>.</p> +<p>Þe bolde to his byggy<i>n</i>g bryngeȝ hem bylyue,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The wife and daughters of Lot welcome their visitors.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line812" id="clean_line812">812</a></span> +Þat ryally [watȝ] arayed, for he watȝ ryche eu<i>er</i>.</p> +<p>Þe wyȝeȝ wern welcom as þe wyf <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note813">couþe</a>,</p> +<p>His two dere doȝt<i>er</i>eȝ deuoutly he<i>m</i> <a class="noteref" +href="#clean_note814">haylsed</a>,</p> +<p>Þat wer maydeneȝ ful meke, maryed not ȝet,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line816" id="clean_line816">816</a></span> +& þay wer semly & swete, & swyþe wel arayed.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Lot admonishes his men to prepare the meat,</span> +<p>Loth þe<i>n</i>ne ful lyȝtly lokeȝ hy<i>m</i> aboute,</p> +<p>& his me<i>n</i> amonest<i>es</i> mete forto dyȝt,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>þynk</i>] <i>þyng</i> (?).</span> +<p>Bot þenkkeȝ on hit be þrefte what <span class="texttag">þynk</span> +so ȝe make,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>so<em>ur</em></i>] savo<i>ur</i> (?).</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +and to serve no salt with it.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line820" id="clean_line820">820</a></span> +For wyth no <span class="texttag">so<i>ur</i></span> ne no salt serueȝ +hy<i>m</i> neu<i>er</i>.</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>wroth</i>] <i>wroȝt</i> (?).</span> +<p>Bot ȝet I wene þat þe wyf hit <span class="texttag">wroth</span> to +dyspyt,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>vn-sau<em>er</em>e</i>] MS. vnfau<i>er</i>e.</span> +<p>& sayde softely to hir self “þis <span class="texttag">vn-sau<i>er</i>e</span> hyne</p> +<p>Loueȝ no salt i<i>n</i> her sauce ȝet hit no skyl were</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line824" id="clean_line824">824</a></span> +Þat oþ<i>er</i> burne be <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note824">boute</a> þaȝ boþe be nyse.”</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Lot’s wife disregards the injunction.</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne ho sau<i>er</i>eȝ w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> salt her seueȝ +vchone</p> +<p>Agayne þe bone of þe burne þat hit forboden hade,</p> +<p>& als ho scelt he<i>m</i> i<i>n</i> scorne þat wel her skyl +knewen.</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line828" id="clean_line828">828</a></span> +Why watȝ ho wrech so wod, ho wrathed oure lorde!</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 68<i>b</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +The guests are well entertained.</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne seten þay at þe soper, wern serued by-lyue,</p> +<p>Þe gest<i>es</i> gay & ful glad, <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note830">of glam debonere</a>,</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#clean_note831">Welawy<i>n</i>nely</a> +wlonk tyl þay waschen hade,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">61</span> +<a name="page61" id="page61"> </a> + +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line832" id="clean_line832">832</a></span> +Þe trest<i>es</i> tylt to þe <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note832">woȝe</a> & þe table boþe.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +But before they go to rest the city is up in arms.</span> +<p>Fro þe seggeȝ haden souped & seten bot a whyle,</p> +<p>Er eu<i>er</i> þay bosked to bedde þe borȝ watȝ al vp;</p> +<p>Alle þat weppen myȝt welde, þe <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note835">wakker</a> & þe stronger,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line836" id="clean_line836">836</a></span> +To <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note836">vmbe-lyȝe</a> lotheȝ +ho<i>us</i> þe ledeȝ to take,</p> +<p>In grete flokkeȝ of folk, þay fallen to his ȝateȝ,</p> +<p>As a <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note838">scowte-wach</a> +scarred, so þe <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note838">asscry</a> +rysed;</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +LOT’S HOUSE IS BESET.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +With “keen clubs” the folk clatter on the walls,</span> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> kene clobbeȝ of þat clos þay clatȝ on þe +woweȝ,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line840" id="clean_line840">840</a></span> +& wyth a schrylle scharp schout þay schewe þyse worde:</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and demand that Lot should deliver up his guests.</span> +<p>“If þ<i>o</i>u louyeȝ þy lyf loth i<i>n</i> þyse woneȝ</p> +<p>Ȝete v<i>us</i> out þose ȝong men þat ȝore-whyle here entred,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>hym</i>] <i>hem</i> (?).</span> +<p>Þat we may lere <span class="texttag">hym</span> of lof, as oure +lyst biddeȝ,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line844" id="clean_line844">844</a></span> +As is þe asyse of Sodomas to seggeȝ þ<i>a</i>t passen.”</p> +<p>Whatt! þay sputen & speken of so spito<i>us</i> fylþe,</p> +<p>What! þay <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note846">ȝeȝed</a> +& ȝolped of <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note846">ȝestande +sorȝe</a>,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The wind yet stinks with their filthy speech.</span> +<p>Þat ȝet þe wynd, & þe weder, & þe worlde stynk<i>es</i></p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line848" id="clean_line848">848</a></span> +Of þe <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note848">brych</a> þat +<a class="noteref" href="#clean_note848">vp-braydeȝ</a> þose broþelych +wordeȝ.</p> +<p>Þe god man <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note849">glyfte +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þ<i>a</i>t glam</a> & gloped for noyse,</p> +<p>So scharpe schame to hy<i>m</i> schot, he schrank at þe hert,</p> +<p>For he knew þe costou<i>m</i> þat kyþed þose wrecheȝ,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line852" id="clean_line852">852</a></span> +He doted neu<i>er</i> for no doel so depe i<i>n</i> his +my<i>n</i>de.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Lot is in great trouble.</span> +<p>Allas! sayd hy<i>m</i> þe<i>n</i>ne loth, & lyȝtly he ryseȝ</p> +<p>& boweȝ forth fro þe bench i<i>n</i>-to þe brode +ȝat<i>es</i>.</p> +<p>What! he <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note855">wonded no +woþe</a> of wekked knaueȝ,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>p<em>er</em>il</i>] MS. <i>pil</i>.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line856" id="clean_line856">856</a></span> +Þat he ne passed þe port þe <span class="texttag">p<i>er</i>il</span> +to abide.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He leaves his guests</span> +<p>He went forthe at þe wyket & waft hit hy<i>m</i> +aft<i>er</i>,</p> +<p>Þat a clyket hit cleȝt clos hy<i>m</i> byhynde.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and addresses the Sodomites.</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne he <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note859">meled</a> to þo men mesurable wordeȝ,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line860" id="clean_line860">860</a></span> +For harloteȝ w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> his <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note860">hendelayk</a> he hoped to chast;</p> +<p>“Oo! my frendeȝ so fre, yo<i>ur</i> fare is to strange,</p> +<p>Dotȝ away yo<i>ur</i> derf dyn & dereȝ neu<i>er</i> my +gest<i>es</i>,</p> +<p>Avoy! hit is yo<i>ur</i> vylaynye, ȝe vylen yo<i>ur</i> seluen;</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>&</i>] <i>And</i> = <i>An</i> (?).</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line864" id="clean_line864">864</a></span> +<span class="texttag">&</span> ȝe ar iolyf gentylmen yo<i>ur</i> +iapes ar ille.</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 69<i>a</i>.]</span> +<p>Bot I schal ke<i>n</i>ne yow by kynde a crafte þat is +bett<i>er</i>;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He offers to give up to them his two daughters.</span> +<p>I haf a tresor i<i>n</i> my telde of tow my fayre deȝt<i>er</i>,</p> +<p>Þat ar maydeneȝ vnmard for alle men ȝette;</p> + +<span class="pagenum">62</span> +<a name="page62" id="page62"> </a> + +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line868" id="clean_line868">868</a></span> +In sodamas, þaȝ I hit say, non semloker burdes,</p> +<p>Hit arn ronk, hit arn rype & redy to ma<i>n</i>ne;</p> +<p>To samen wyth þo semly þe solace is bett<i>er</i>,</p> +<p>I schal biteche yow þo two þat <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note871">tayt</a> arn & quoy<i>n</i>t,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line872" id="clean_line872">872</a></span> +& laykeȝ wyth hem as yow lyst & leteȝ my gest<i>es</i> one.”</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The rebels raise a great noise,</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne þe rebaudeȝ so ronk rerd such a noyse,</p> +<p>Þat <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note874">aȝly</a> hurled +i<i>n</i> his ereȝ her harloteȝ speche;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and ask who made him a justice to judge their deeds,</span> +<p>“Wost þ<i>o</i>u not wel þ<i>a</i>t þ<i>o</i>u woneȝ here a wyȝe +strange,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line876" id="clean_line876">876</a></span> +An <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note876">out-comly<i>n</i>g</a>, +a <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note876">carle</a>, we kylle of +þyn heued.</p> +<p>Who Ioyned þe be iostyse oure iapeȝ to blame,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +who was but a boy when he came to Sodom.</span> +<p>Þat com a boy to þis borȝ, þaȝ þ<i>o</i>u be burne ryche?”</p> +<p>Þ<i>us</i> þay þrobled & þrong & þrwe vmbe his ereȝ,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line880" id="clean_line880">880</a></span> +<p>& distresed hy<i>m</i> wonder strayt, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> strenkþe +i<i>n</i> þe prece,</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +THE MEN OF SODOM SMITTEN WITH BLINDNESS.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The young men bring Lot within doors,</span> +<p>Bot þat þe ȝonge me<i>n</i>, so ȝepe, <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note881">ȝornen</a> þ<i>er</i>-oute,</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#clean_note882">Wapped</a> vpon þe wyket +& wo<i>n</i>nen hem tylle,</p> +<p>& by þe hondeȝ hy<i>m</i> hent & horyed hy<i>m</i> +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-i<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line884" id="clean_line884">884</a></span> +& steken þe ȝat<i>es</i> ston-harde wyth stalworth barreȝ.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and smite those outside with blindness.</span> +<p>Þay blwe a boffet <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note885">i<i>n</i> blande</a> þat <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note885">ba<i>n</i>ned</a> peple,</p> +<p>Þat þay blust<i>er</i>ed as blynde as bayard watȝ eu<i>er</i>;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +In vain they try to find the door of Lot’s house.</span> +<p>Þay lest of loteȝ loggi<i>n</i>g any lysou<i>n</i> to fynde,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line888" id="clean_line888">888</a></span> +Bot <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note888">nyteled</a> þ<i>er</i> +alle þe nyȝt for noȝt at þe last;</p> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne vch tolke tyȝt hem þat hade <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note889">of tayt</a> fayled,</p> +<p>& vchon <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note890">roþeled</a> +to þe rest þat he reche moȝt;</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>wrank</i>] <i>wrang</i> (?).</span> +<p>Bot þay wern wakned al <span class="texttag">wrank</span> þat +þ<i>er</i> i<i>n</i> won lenged,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line892" id="clean_line892">892</a></span> +Of on þe <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note892">vglokest</a> vnhap +þat eu<i>er</i> on erd suffred.</p> + + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +LOT IS SENT OUT OF THE CITY.</span></p> + +<h4><a name="clean_XI" id="clean_XI">XI.</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote firstline"> +Early in the morning the angels command Lot to depart from Sodom,</span> +<p class="firstline"> +<a class="noteref" href="#clean_note893">Ruddon of þe day-rawe ros +vpon vȝten,</a></p> +<p>When <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note894">merk</a> of þe +mydnyȝt moȝt no more last,</p> +<p>Ful erly þose aungeleȝ þis haþel þay <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note895">ruþen</a></p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line896" id="clean_line896">896</a></span> +& glopnedly on godeȝ halue gart hy<i>m</i> vpryse,</p> +<p>Fast þe freke ferkeȝ vp ful ferd at his hert;</p> +<p>Þay comau<i>n</i>ded hy<i>m</i> cof to cach þat he hade,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +with his wife and two daughters,</span> +<p><ins class="quotation" title="orphaned open quote">“Wyth</ins> þy +wyf & þy wyȝeȝ & þy wlone deȝtters,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line900" id="clean_line900">900</a></span> +For we laþe þe, s<i>ir</i> loth, þat þ<i>o</i>u þy lyf haue;</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 69<i>b</i>.]</span> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#clean_note901">Cayre tid of þis +kythe</a> er combred þ<i>o</i>u worþe,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">63</span> +<a name="page63" id="page63"> </a> + +<p>With alle þi here vpon haste, tyl þ<i>o</i>u a hil fynde;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and to look straight before him,</span> +<p>Fou<i>n</i>deȝ faste on yo<i>ur</i> fete, bifore yo<i>ur</i> face +lokes,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line904" id="clean_line904">904</a></span> +Bot bes neu<i>er</i> so bolde to blusch yow bihynde,</p> +<p>& loke ȝe <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note905">ste<i>m</i>me no stepe</a>, bot strecheȝ on faste,</p> +<p>Til ȝe reche to a reset, rest ȝe neu<i>er</i>;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +for Sodom and Gomorrah shall be destroyed.</span> +<p>For we schal tyne þis tou<i>n</i> & trayþely disstrye,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line908" id="clean_line908">908</a></span> +Wyth alle þise wyȝeȝ so wykke wyȝtly de-voyde</p> +<p>& alle þe londe w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þise ledeȝ we <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note909">losen</a> at oneȝ;</p> +<p>Sodomas schal ful sodenly synk i<i>n</i>-to grou<i>n</i>de,</p> +<p>& þe grou<i>n</i>de of gomorre <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note911">gorde</a> i<i>n</i>-to helle,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line912" id="clean_line912">912</a></span> +& vche a koste of þis kyth<i>e</i> <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note912">clater</a> vpon hepes.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Lot asks what is best to be done,</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i> laled loth, “lorde what is best?</p> +<p>If I me fele vpon fote þat I fle moȝt,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +that he may escape.</span> +<p>Hov schulde I huyde me fro hem þ<i>a</i>t hatȝ his hate <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note915">ky<i>n</i>ned</a>,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>þi<em>n</em>keȝ</i>] þi<i>n</i>geȝ.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line916" id="clean_line916">916</a></span> +I<i>n</i> <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note916">þe brath of his +breth</a> þat bre<i>n</i>neȝ alle <span class="texttag">þi<i>n</i>keȝ</span>,</p> +<p>To crepe fro my creato<i>ur</i> & know not wheder,</p> +<p>Ne wheþer his <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note918">fooschip</a> me folȝeȝ bifore oþ<i>er</i> bihynde?”</p> +<p>Þe freke sayde “no foschip oure fader hatȝ þe schewed,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line920" id="clean_line920">920</a></span> +Bot hiȝly heuened þi hele fro hem þat arn combred:</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He is told to choose himself a dwelling which shall be saved from +destruction.</span> +<p>Nov <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note921">walle</a> þe a +<a class="noteref" href="#clean_note921">wo<i>n</i>ny<i>n</i>g</a> þat +þe warisch myȝt,</p> +<p>& he schal saue hit for þy sake þat hatȝ v<i>us</i> sende +hider,</p> +<p>For þ<i>o</i>u art oddely þyn one out of þis fylþe,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>em</i>] <i>broþer</i> is written over in a later hand.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line924" id="clean_line924">924</a></span> +& als Abraham þyn <span class="texttag">em</span> hit at +hi<i>m</i> self asked.”</p> +<p>“Lorde, loued he worþe,” q<i>uod</i> loth, “vpon erþe!</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He chooses Zoar.</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i> is a cite herbisyde þat segor hit hatte,</p> +<p>Here <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note927">vtt<i>er</i></a> on +a rou<i>n</i>de hil hit houeȝ hit one,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line928" id="clean_line928">928</a></span> +I wolde, if his wylle <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note928">wore</a>, to þat won scape.”</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The angels command Lot to depart quickly.</span> +<p>“Þe<i>n</i>n fare forth,” q<i>uod</i> þat fre, “& fyne þ<i>o</i>u +neu<i>er</i></p> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þose ilk þat þow wylt þ<i>a</i>t þrenge þe +aft<i>er</i>,</p> +<p>& ay goande on yo<i>ur</i> gate, wyth-outen <a class="noteref" +href="#clean_note931">agayn-tote</a>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line932" id="clean_line932">932</a></span> +For alle þis londe schal be lorne, longe er þe son<i>n</i>e rise.”</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He wakes his wife and daughters.</span> +<p>Þe wyȝe wakened his wyf & his wlonk deȝt<i>er</i>es,</p> +<p>& oþ<i>er</i> two myri men þo maydeneȝ schulde wedde;</p> +<p>& þay token hit as tyt & tented hit lyttel,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line936" id="clean_line936">936</a></span> +Þaȝ fast laþed hem loth, þay leȝen ful stylle.</p> +<span class="pagenum">64</span> +<a name="page64" id="page64"> </a> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 70<i>a</i><ins class="correction" +title="text has . for ,">, </ins>]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +All four are hastened on by the angels,</span> +<p>Þe aungeleȝ hasted þise oþ<i>er</i> & aȝly hem þratten,</p> +<p>& enforsed alle fawre forth at þe ȝateȝ,</p> +<p>Þo wern loth & his lef, his luflyche deȝt<i>er</i>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line940" id="clean_line940">940</a></span> +Þer soȝt no mo to sauement of cities aþel fyue.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +who “preach to them the peril” of delay<ins class="quotation" title="text has extra close quote">. </ins></span> +<p>Þise aungeleȝ hade hem by hande out at þe ȝateȝ,</p> +<p>Prechande hem þe perile, & beden hem passe fast.</p> +<p>“Lest ȝe be taken i<i>n</i> þe teche of tyrau<i>n</i>teȝ here,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line944" id="clean_line944">944</a></span> +<a class="noteref" href="#clean_note944">Loke ȝe bowe now bi +bot</a>, boweȝ fast hence!”</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Before daylight Lot comes to a hill.</span> +<p>& þay kayre-ne con & kenely flowen;</p> +<p>Erly, er any heuen glem, þay to a hil comen.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +God aloft raises a storm.</span> +<p>Þe grete god i<i>n</i> his <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note947">greme</a> bygy<i>n</i>neȝ onlofte;</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line948" id="clean_line948">948</a></span> +To <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note948">wakan</a> wedereȝ so +wylde þe wyndeȝ he calleȝ,</p> +<p>& þay wroþely vp-wafte & wrastled togeder,</p> +<p>Fro fawre half of þe folde, <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note950">flytande</a> loude.</p> +<p>Clowdeȝ clust<i>er</i>ed bytwene kesten vp torres,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line952" id="clean_line952">952</a></span> +Þat þe þik þu<i>n</i>der þrast þirled hem ofte.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +A rain falls thick of fire and sulphur.</span> +<p>Þe rayn rueled adou<i>n</i>, ridlande þikke,</p> +<p>Of felle flau<i>n</i>kes of fyr & flakes of soufre,</p> +<p>Al in smolderande smoke <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note955">smachande</a> ful ille,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>Swe</i>] <i>Sweyed</i> (?).</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +Upon the four cities it comes,</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line956" id="clean_line956">956</a></span> +<span class="texttag">Swe</span> aboute sodamas & hit sydeȝ +alle,</p> +<p>Gorde to gomorra þat þe grou<i>n</i>de lansed;</p> +<p>Abdama & syboym, þise ceteis alle faure,</p> +<p>Al birolled wyth þe rayn, rostted & bre<i>n</i>ned,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and frightens all folks therein.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line960" id="clean_line960">960</a></span> +& ferly flayed þat folk þat i<i>n</i> þose fees lenged;</p> +<p>For when þat þe helle herde þe hou<i>n</i>deȝ of heuen</p> +<p>He watȝ ferlyly fayn, vnfolded bylyue.</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +THE DESTRUCTION OF THE CITIES.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The great bars of the abyss do burst.</span> +<p>Þe grete barreȝ of þe abyme he barst vp at oneȝ,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line964" id="clean_line964">964</a></span> +Þat alle þe regiou<i>n</i> to-rof i<i>n</i> <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note964">riftes</a> ful grete,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Cliffs cleave asunder.</span> +<p>& clouen alle i<i>n</i> lyttel <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note965">cloutes</a> þe clyffeȝ aywhere,</p> +<p>As lance leueȝ of þe boke þat lepes i<i>n</i> twy<i>n</i>ne.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The cities sink to hell.</span> +<p>Þe brethe of þe brynston bi þat hit blende were,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line968" id="clean_line968">968</a></span> +Al þo citees & her sydes sunkken to helle.</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#clean_note969">Rydelles</a> wern þo +grete rowtes of renkkes w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-i<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<p>When þay wern war of þe wrake þ<i>a</i>t no wyȝe achaped,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Such a cry arises that the clouds clatter again.</span> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#clean_note971">Such a ȝom<i>er</i>ly +ȝarm of ȝelly<i>n</i>g þer rysed;</a></p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line972" id="clean_line972">972</a></span> +Þer-of clat<i>er</i>ed þe cloudes þat kryst myȝt haf rawþe.</p> +<span class="pagenum">65</span> +<a name="page65" id="page65"> </a> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 70<i>b</i>.]</span> +<p>Þe segge herde þat sou<i>n</i> to segor þat ȝede,</p> +<p>& þe wenches hy<i>m</i> wyth þat by þe way folȝed;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Lot and his companions are frightened,</span> +<p>Ferly ferde watȝ her flesch, þat flowen ay ilyche,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line976" id="clean_line976">976</a></span> +<a class="noteref" href="#clean_note976">Trynande ay a hyȝe trot</a> +þat torne neu<i>er</i> dorsten.</p> +<p>Loth & þo luly-whit his lefly two deȝt<i>er</i>,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +but continue to follow their face.</span> +<p>Ay folȝed here face, bifore her boþe yȝen;</p> +<p>Bot þe balleful burde, þat neu<i>er</i> bode keped,</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +LOT’S WIFE BECOMES A STIFF STONE.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Lot’s wife looks behind her,</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line980" id="clean_line980">980</a></span> +Blusched by-hynden her bak, þat bale forto herkken;</p> +<p>Hit watȝ lusty lothes wyf þat ou<i>er</i> he[r] lyfte schulder.</p> +<p>Ones ho bluschet to þe burȝe, bot bod ho no lenger,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and is turned to a stiff stone “as salt as any sea.”</span> +<p>Þat ho nas stadde a stiffe ston, a stalworth image</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line984" id="clean_line984">984</a></span> +Al so salt as ani se & so ho ȝet standeȝ.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Her companions do not miss her till they reach Zoar.</span> +<p>Þay slypped bi & syȝe hir not þat wern hir samen feres,</p> +<p>Tyl þay i<i>n</i> segor wern sette, & sayned our lorde;</p> +<p>Wyth lyȝt <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note987">loueȝ</a> +vplyfte þay loued hy<i>m</i> swyþe,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line988" id="clean_line988">988</a></span> +Þat so his seruau<i>n</i>tes wolde see & saue of such woþe.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +By this time all were drowned.</span> +<p>Al watȝ <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note989">dampped</a> +& don, & drowned by þe<i>n</i>ne;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The people of Zoar, for dread, rush into the sea and are +destroyed.</span> +<p>Þe ledeȝ of þat lyttel tou<i>n</i> wern lopen out for drede,</p> +<p>I<i>n</i>-to þat <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note991">malscrande mere</a>, marred bylyue,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line992" id="clean_line992">992</a></span> +Þat noȝt saued watȝ bot segor þat sat <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note992">on a lawe</a>,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Only Zoar with three therein (Lot and his daughters) are saved.</span> +<p>Þe þre ledeȝ þer-i<i>n</i>, loth & his deȝter;</p> +<p>For his make watȝ myst, þat on þe mou<i>n</i>t lenged</p> +<p>In a stonen statue þat salt sauor habbes,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Lot’s wife is an image of salt for two faults:<br> +1. She served salt before the Lord at supper.<br> +2. She looked behind her.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line996" id="clean_line996">996</a></span> +For two fautes þat þe fol watȝ fou<i>n</i>de i<i>n</i> mistrauþe;</p> +<p>On, ho serued at þe soper salt bifore dryȝtyn</p> +<p>& syþen, ho blusched hir bihynde, þaȝ hir forboden were;</p> +<p>For on ho standes a ston, & salt for þat oþ<i>er</i>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1000" id="clean_line1000">1000</a></span> +<a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1000">& alle lyst on hir lik +þat arn on launde bestes.</a></p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Abraham is up full early on the morn.</span> +<p>Abraham ful erly watȝ vp on þe morne,</p> +<p>Þat alle naȝt [so] much <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1002">niye</a> hade no mon i<i>n</i> his hert,</p> +<p>Al i<i>n</i> longi<i>n</i>g for loth leyen i<i>n</i> a wache,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1004" id="clean_line1004">1004</a></span> +Þer he lafte hade oure lorde, he is on lofte wo<i>n</i>nen;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He looks towards Sodom,</span> +<p>He sende toward sodomas þe syȝt of his yȝen,</p> +<p>Þat eu<i>er</i> hade ben an erde of erþe þe swettest</p> +<p>As aparau<i>n</i>t to paradis þat plantted þe dryȝtyn,</p> +<span class="pagenum">66</span> +<a name="page66" id="page66"> </a> +<span class="sidenote"> +now only a pit filled with pitch,</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1008" id="clean_line1008">1008</a></span> +Nov is hit plu<i>n</i>ged i<i>n</i> a pit like of pich fylled.</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 71<i>a</i>.]</span> +<p>Suche <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1009">a roþu<i>n</i> of +a reche</a> ros fro þe blake,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +from which rise smoke, ashes and cinders, as from a furnace.</span> +<p>Askeȝ vpe i<i>n</i> þe ayre & vselleȝ þer flowen,</p> +<p>As a fornes ful of <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1011">flot</a> þat vpon fyr boyles,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1012" id="clean_line1012">1012</a></span> +When bryȝt bre<i>n</i>nande brondeȝ ar bet þ<i>er</i> an-vnder.</p> +<p>Þis watȝ a uengau<i>n</i>ce violent þat voyded þise places,</p> +<p>Þat fou<i>n</i>dered hatȝ so fayr a folk & þe folde sonkken.</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +THE DEAD SEA COVERS THE FIVE CITIES.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +A sea now occupies the place of the four cities.</span> +<p>Þer faur<i>e</i> citees wern set, nov is a see called,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1016" id="clean_line1016">1016</a></span> +Þat ay is <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1016">drouy</a> & +dym, & ded i<i>n</i> hit kynde,</p> +<p>Blo, blubrande, & blak, vnblyþe to neȝe,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +It is a stinking pool,</span> +<p>As a stynkande stanc þat stryed sy<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<p>Þat eu<i>er</i> of sy<i>n</i>ne & of smach, smart is to fele;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and is called the Dead Sea.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1020" id="clean_line1020">1020</a></span> +For-þy þe derk dede see hit is demed eu<i>er</i> more,</p> +<p>For hit dedeȝ of deþe duren þere ȝet.</p> +<p>For hit is brod & boþe<i>m</i>leȝ, & bitter as þe galle,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Nothing may live in it.</span> +<p>& noȝt may lenge i<i>n</i> þat lake þat any lyf bereȝ,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1024" id="clean_line1024">1024</a></span> +& alle þe <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1024">costeȝ of +kynde</a> hit combreȝ vchone;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Lead floats on its surface.</span> +<p>For lay þ<i>er</i>-on a lump of led & hit on loft fleteȝ,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +A feather sinks to the bottom of it.</span> +<p>& folde þ<i>er</i>-on a lyȝt fyþ<i>er</i> & hit to +fou<i>n</i>s synkkeȝ.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Lands, watered by this sea, never bear grass or weed.</span> +<p>& þ<i>er</i> wat<i>er</i> may walt<i>er</i> to wete any erþe,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1028" id="clean_line1028">1028</a></span> +Schal neu<i>er</i> grene þ<i>er</i>-on growe, gresse ne wod +nawþ<i>er</i>.</p> +<p>If any schalke to be schent wer schowued þ<i>er</i>-i<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<p>Þaȝ he bode i<i>n</i> þat <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1030">boþe<i>m</i> broþely</a> a monyth,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +A man cannot be drowned in it.</span> +<p>He most ay lyue i<i>n</i> þat loȝe i<i>n</i> <a class="noteref" +href="#clean_note1031">losy<i>n</i>g</a> eu<i>er</i>-more,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1032" id="clean_line1032">1032</a></span> +& neu<i>er</i> dryȝe no dethe, to dayes of ende;</p> +<p>& as hit is corsed of kynde & hit <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1033">coosteȝ</a> als,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The clay clinging to it is corrosive,</span> +<p>Þe clay þat clenges þ<i>er</i>-by arn corsyes strong,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>alkaran</i>] <i>alkatran</i> (?).</span> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>angré</i>] <i>augre</i> = <i>aigre</i> (?).</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +as alum, alkaran, sulphur, etc.,</span> +<p>As alu<i>m</i> & <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1035">alkaran</a>, þat <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1035">angré</a> arn boþe,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1036" id="clean_line1036">1036</a></span> +Soufre so<i>ur</i>, & <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1036">sau<i>n</i>dyu<i>er</i></a>, & oþ<i>er</i> such +mony;</p> +<p>& þer walteȝ of þat wat<i>er</i> i<i>n</i> <a class="noteref" +href="#clean_note1037">waxlokes</a> grete,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>spuniande</i>] <i>spinnande</i> (?).</span> +<p>Þe <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1038">spuniande</a> +aspaltou<i>n</i> þat spysereȝ sellen;</p> +<p>& suche is alle þe soyle by þat <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1039">se halues</a>,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>festred</i>] <i>festres</i> (?).</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +which fret the flesh and fester the bones.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1040" id="clean_line1040">1040</a></span> +Þat fel fretes þe flesch & <span class="texttag">festred</span> +bones.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +On the shores of this lake grow trees bearing fair fruits,</span> +<p>& þer ar tres by þat <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1041">terne</a> of trayto<i>ur</i>es;</p> +<p>& þay borgou<i>n</i>eȝ & beres blomeȝ ful fayre,</p> +<p>& þe fayrest fryt þat may on folde growe,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">67</span> +<a name="page67" id="page67"> </a> + +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1044" id="clean_line1044">1044</a></span> +As orenge & oþ<i>er</i> fryt & <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1044">apple garnade</a></p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 71<i>b</i>.]</span> +<p>Also red & so ripe & rychely hwed,</p> +<p>As any dom myȝt deuice of dayntyeȝ oute;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +which, when broken or bitten, taste like ashes.</span> +<p>Bot quen hit is brused oþ<i>er</i> broken, oþ<i>er</i> byten +i<i>n</i> twy<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>wydowande</i>] MS. wy<i>n</i>dowande.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1048" id="clean_line1048">1048</a></span> +No worldeȝ goud hit wyth-i<i>n</i>ne, bot <span class="texttag">wydowande</span> askes;</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +IT IS A TOKEN OF WICKEDNESS AND VENGEANCE.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +All these are tokens of wickedness and vengeance.</span> +<p>Alle þyse ar teches & tokenes to trow vpon ȝet,</p> +<p>& wittnesse of þat wykked werk & þe wrake aft<i>er</i>,</p> +<p>Þat oure fader forferde for fylþe of þose ledes.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +God loves the pure in heart.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1052" id="clean_line1052">1052</a></span> +Þe<i>n</i>ne vch wyȝe may wel wyt þat he þe wlonk louies,</p> +<p>& if he louyes clene layk þat is oure lorde ryche,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Strive to be clean.</span> +<p>& to be couþe i<i>n</i> his co<i>ur</i>te þ<i>o</i>u coueytes +þe<i>n</i>ne</p> +<p>To se þat semly i<i>n</i> sete & his swete face,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1056" id="clean_line1056">1056</a></span> +Clerrer cou<i>n</i>seyl, cou<i>n</i>sayl con I non, bot þat þ<i>o</i>u +clene worþe.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Jean de Meun tells how a lady is to be loved.</span> +<p>For clopy<i>n</i>gnel i<i>n</i> þe compas of his clene rose,</p> +<p>Þer he expouneȝ a speche, to hy<i>m</i> þat spede wolde,</p> +<p>Of a lady to be loued, loke to hir sone,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +By doing what pleases her best.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1060" id="clean_line1060">1060</a></span> +Of wich bery<i>n</i>g þat ho be, & wych ho best louyes,</p> +<p>& be ryȝt such i<i>n</i> vch a borȝe of body & of dedes,</p> +<p>& folȝ þe fet of þat fere þat þ<i>o</i>u fre haldes.</p> +<p>& if þ<i>o</i>u wyrkkes on þis wyse, þaȝ ho wyk were,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1064" id="clean_line1064">1064</a></span> +Hir schal lyke þat layk þat lyknes hir tylle.</p> +<p>If þ<i>o</i>u wyl dele drwrye wyth dryȝtyn þe<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Love thy Lord!</span> +<p>& lelly louy þy lorde & his leef worþe.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Conform to Christ, who is polished as a pearl.</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne co<i>n</i>fo<i>ur</i>me þe to kryst, & þe clene +make,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1068" id="clean_line1068">1068</a></span> +Þat eu<i>er</i> is polyced als playn as þe p<i>er</i>le seluen.</p> +<p>For loke fro fyrst þat he lyȝt w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-i<i>n</i>ne þe lel +mayden!</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +CHRIST WAS EVER PURE.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +By how comely a contrivance did he enter the womb of the virgin!</span> +<p>By how comly a kest he watȝ clos þere,</p> +<p>When venkkyst watȝ no v<i>er</i>gynyté, ne vyole<i>n</i>ce maked,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1072" id="clean_line1072">1072</a></span> +Bot much clener watȝ hir corse, god <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1072">ky<i>n</i>ned</a> þeri<i>n</i>ne;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +In what purity did he part from her!</span> +<p>& efte when he borne watȝ i<i>n</i> beþelen þe ryche,</p> +<p>I<i>n</i> wych puryté þay dep<i>ar</i>ted; þaȝ þay pou<i>er</i> +were,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>abos</i>] <i>abof</i> (?).</span> +<p>Watȝ neu<i>er</i> so blysful a bo<i>ur</i> as watȝ <span class="texttag">abos</span> þe<i>n</i>ne</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +No abode was better than his.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1076" id="clean_line1076">1076</a></span> +Ne no schroude ho<i>us</i> so schene as <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1076">a schepon</a> þare,</p> +<p>Ne non so glad vnder god as ho þat grone schulde;</p> +<span class="pagenum">68</span> +<a name="page68" id="page68"> </a> +<span class="sidenote"> +The sorrow of childbirth was turned to joy.</span> +<p>For þer watȝ seknesse al sou<i>n</i>de þat sarrest is halden,</p> +<p>& þer watȝ rose <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1079">reflayr</a> where <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1079">rote</a> hatȝ ben eu<i>er</i>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1080" id="clean_line1080">1080</a></span> +& þer watȝ solace & songe wher sorȝ hatȝ ay cryed;</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 72<i>a</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +Angels solaced the virgin with organs and pipes.</span> +<p>For au<i>n</i>gelles w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> i<i>n</i>strumentes of +organes & pypes,</p> +<p>& rial ry<i>n</i>gande rotes & <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1082">þe reken fyþel</a>,</p> +<p>& alle hende þat honestly moȝt an hert glade,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1084" id="clean_line1084">1084</a></span> +Aboutte my lady watȝ lent, quen ho delyu<i>er</i> were.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The child Christ was so clean that ox and ass worshipped him.</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne watȝ her blyþe barne burnyst so clene,</p> +<p>Þat boþe þe ox & þe asse hym hered at-ones;</p> +<p>Þay knewe hy<i>m</i> by his clannes for ky<i>n</i>g of nature,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1088" id="clean_line1088">1088</a></span> +For non so clene of such a clos com neu<i>er</i> er þe<i>n</i>ne;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He hated wickedness,</span> +<p>& ȝif clanly he þe<i>n</i>ne com, ful cortays +þ<i>er</i>-aft<i>er</i>,</p> +<p>Þat alle þat longed to luþ<i>er</i> ful lodly he hated;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and would never touch ought that was vile.</span> +<p>By nobleye of his norture he nolde neu<i>er</i> towche</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1092" id="clean_line1092">1092</a></span> +Oȝt þat watȝ vngoderly oþ<i>er</i> ordure watȝ i<i>n</i>ne.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Yet there came to him lazars and lepers, lame and blind.</span> +<p>Ȝet comen lodly to þat lede, as laȝares monye,</p> +<p>Su<i>m</i>me lepre, su<i>m</i>me lome, & <a class="noteref" +href="#clean_note1094">lom<i>er</i>ande blynde</a>,</p> +<p>Poysened & parlatyk & pyned i<i>n</i> fyres,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Dry and dropsical folk.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1096" id="clean_line1096">1096</a></span> +Drye folk & ydropike, & dede at þe laste;</p> +<p>Alle called on þat cortayse & claymed his g<i>ra</i>ce.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He healed all with kind speech.</span> +<p>He heled hem wyth hynde speche of þat þay ask aft<i>er</i>,</p> +<p>For what-so he towched also-tyd to<i>ur</i>ned to hele,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1100" id="clean_line1100">1100</a></span> +Wel cla<i>n</i>ner þen any crafte cowþe devyse;</p> +<p>So clene watȝ his hondely<i>n</i>g vche ordure hit schonied,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +His handling was so good,</span> +<p>& þe gropy<i>n</i>g so goud of god & man boþe,</p> +<p>Þat for fetys of his fyngeres fonded he neu<i>er</i></p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>cout</i>] <i>cut</i> (?).</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +that he needed no knife to cut or carve with.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1104" id="clean_line1104">1104</a></span> +Nauþ<i>er</i> to <span class="texttag">cout</span> ne to kerue, +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> knyf ne wyth egge,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The bread he broke</span> +<p>For-þy brek he þe bred blades wyth-outen;</p> +<p>For hit ferde freloker i<i>n</i> fete i<i>n</i> his fayre honde,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +more perfectly than could all the tools of Toulouse.</span> +<p>Displayed more pryuyly when he hit part schulde,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1108" id="clean_line1108">1108</a></span> +Þe<i>n</i>ne alle þe toles of tolowse moȝt <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1108">tyȝt</a> hit to kerue,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +How can we approach his court except we be clean?</span> +<p>Þ<i>us</i> is he kyryo<i>us</i> & clene þat þ<i>o</i>u his cort +askes;</p> +<p>Hov schulde þ<i>o</i>u com to his kyth bot if þ<i>o</i>u clene +were?</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>sov[<em>er</em>]ly</i>] MS. <i>sovly</i>.</span> +<p>Nov ar we sore & synful & <span class="texttag">sov[<i>er</i>]ly</span> vch one,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1112" id="clean_line1112">1112</a></span> +How schulde we se, þe<i>n</i> may we say, þ<i>a</i>t syre vpon +throne?</p> +<span class="pagenum">69</span> +<a name="page69" id="page69"> </a> +<span class="sidenote"> +God is merciful.</span> +<p>Ȝis, þat mayst<i>er</i> is mercyable; þaȝ þ<i>o</i>u be man <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1113">fe<i>n</i>ny</a>,</p> +<p>& al to-marred i<i>n</i> myre whyl þ<i>o</i>u on molde +lyuyes,</p> +<p>Þ<i>o</i>u may schyne þurȝ schryfte, þaȝ þ<i>o</i>u haf schome +serued,</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +PENANCE MAKES MAN PURE AS A PEARL.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Through penance we may shine as a pearl.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1116" id="clean_line1116">1116</a></span> +& pure þe with penau<i>n</i>ce tyl þ<i>o</i>u a perle worþe.</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 72<i>b</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +Why is the pearl so prized?</span> +<p>Perle praysed is prys, þ<i>er</i> perre is schewed,</p> +<p>Þaȝ hy<i>m</i> not derrest be demed <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1118">to dele</a> for penies,</p> +<p>Quat may þe cause be called, bot for hir clene hwes,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1120" id="clean_line1120">1120</a></span> +Þat wy<i>n</i>nes worschyp, abof alle whyte stones?</p> +<p>For ho schynes so schyr þat is of schap rou<i>n</i>de,</p> +<p>Wyth-outen faut oþ<i>er</i> fylþe ȝif ho fyn were;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +She becomes none the worse for wear.</span> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1123">& wax +eu<i>er</i></a> i<i>n</i> þe worlde i<i>n</i> wery<i>n</i>g so olde,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1124" id="clean_line1124">1124</a></span> +Ȝet þe perle payres not whyle ho <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1124">i<i>n</i> pyese</a> lasttes</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +If she should become dim, wash her in wine.</span> +<p>& if hit cheue þe chau<i>n</i>ce vncheryst ho worþe,</p> +<p>Þat ho <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1126">blyndes of +ble</a> i<i>n</i> bo<i>ur</i> þ<i>er</i> ho lygges,</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1127">No-bot</a> wasch hir +wyth wo<i>ur</i>chyp i<i>n</i> wyn as ho askes,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +She then becomes clearer than before.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1128" id="clean_line1128">1128</a></span> +Ho by kynde schal be-com clerer þen are;</p> +<p>So if folk be defowled by vnfre chau<i>n</i>ce,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +So may the sinner polish him by penance.</span> +<p>Þat he be sulped i<i>n</i> sawle, seche to schryfte</p> +<p>& he may polyce hym at þe prest, by penau<i>n</i>ce taken,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1132" id="clean_line1132">1132</a></span> +Wel bryȝt<i>er</i> þen þe beryl oþ<i>er</i> browden perles.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Beware of returning to sin.</span> +<p>Bot war þe wel, if þ<i>o</i>u be waschen wyth wat<i>er</i> of +schryfte,</p> +<p>& polysed als playn as parchmen schauen,</p> +<p>Sulp no more þe<i>n</i>ne i<i>n</i> sy<i>n</i>ne þy saule +þ<i>er</i>-aft<i>er</i>,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +For then God is more displeased than ever.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1136" id="clean_line1136">1136</a></span> +For þe<i>n</i>ne þ<i>o</i>u dryȝtyn dyspleses w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> dedes +ful sore,</p> +<p>& entyses hy<i>m</i> to tene more trayþly þe<i>n</i> +eu<i>er</i></p> +<p>& wel hatt<i>er</i> to hate þe<i>n</i> hade þ<i>o</i>u not +waschen;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The reconciled soul God holds as His own.</span> +<p>For when a sawele is saȝtled & sakred to dryȝtyn,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1140" id="clean_line1140">1140</a></span> +He holly haldes hit his & haue hit he wolde,</p> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne efte <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1141">lastes</a> hit likkes, he loses hit ille,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>þewes</i>] <i>þeues</i>. (?).</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +Ill deeds rob Him of it.</span> +<p>As hit were rafte wyth vn-ryȝt & robbed wyth <a class="noteref" +href="#clean_note1142">þewes</a>.</p> +<p>War þe þe<i>n</i>ne for þe wrake, his wrath is achaufed,</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +GOD PUNISHES IMPURITY.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +God forbids us to defile any vessels used in His service.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1144" id="clean_line1144">1144</a></span> +For þat þat ones watȝ his schulde efte be vn-clene,</p> +<p>Þaȝ hit be bot a bassy<i>n</i>, a bolle, oþ<i>er</i> a scole,</p> +<p>A dysche oþ<i>er</i> a dobler þ<i>a</i>t dryȝtyn oneȝ serued,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">70</span> +<a name="page70" id="page70"> </a> + +<p>To defowle hit eu<i>er</i> vpon folde fast he for-bedes,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1148" id="clean_line1148">1148</a></span> +So is he scoym<i>us</i> of scaþe þat scylful is eu<i>er</i>.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +In Belshazzar’s time, the defiling of God’s vessels brought wrath upon +the king.</span> +<p>& þat watȝ bared i<i>n</i> babyloyn i<i>n</i> Baltaȝar tyme,</p> +<p>Hov harde vnhap þer hy<i>m</i> hent & hastyly sone,</p> +<p>For he þe vesselles avyled þat vayled i<i>n</i> þe temple</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1152" id="clean_line1152">1152</a></span> +I<i>n</i> seruyse of þe sou<i>er</i>ayn su<i>m</i> tyme byfore.</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 73<i>a</i>.]</span> +<p>Ȝif ȝe wolde <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1153">tyȝt me a +tom</a> telle hit I wolde,</p> +<p>Hov charged more watȝ his chau<i>n</i>ce þat he<i>m</i> cherych +nolde</p> +<p>Þen his fader forloyne þat feched he<i>m</i> wyth strenþe,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1156" id="clean_line1156">1156</a></span> +& robbed þe relygiou<i>n</i> of relykes alle.</p> + + +<h4><a name="clean_XII" id="clean_XII">XII.</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote firstline"> +Daniel in his prophecies tells of the destruction of the Jews.</span> +<p class="firstline"> +Danyel i<i>n</i> his dialokeȝ de-vysed su<i>m</i> tyme,</p> +<p>As ȝet is proued ex-presse i<i>n</i> his p<i>ro</i>fecies,</p> +<p>Hov þe gentryse of Iuise & Ih<i>e</i>r<i>usa</i>l<i>e</i>m þe +ryche</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1160" id="clean_line1160">1160</a></span> +Watȝ disstryed wyth distres, & drawen to þe erþe,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +For their unfaithfulness</span> +<p>For þat folke i<i>n</i> her fayth watȝ fou<i>n</i>den vntrwe,</p> +<p>Þat haden hyȝt þe hyȝe god to halde of hy<i>m</i> eu<i>er</i>;</p> +<p>& he hem halȝed for his & help at her nede</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1164" id="clean_line1164">1164</a></span> +In mukel meschefes mony, þat meruayl [is] to here;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +in following other gods,</span> +<p>& þay forloyne her fayth & folȝed oþ<i>er</i> goddes,</p> +<p>& þat wakned his wrath & wrast hit so hyȝe,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +God allowed the heathen to destroy them,</span> +<p>Þat he <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1167">fylsened</a> þe +faythful i<i>n</i> þe falce lawe</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1168" id="clean_line1168">1168</a></span> +To for-fare þe falce i<i>n</i> þe faythe trwe;</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>ȝedechyas</i>] MS. <i>ȝedethyas</i>.</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +in the reign of Zedekiah,</span> +<p>Hit watȝ sen i<i>n</i> þat syþe þat <span class="texttag">ȝedechyas</span> re<i>n</i>gned,</p> +<p>I<i>n</i> Iuda, þat iustised þe iuyne ky<i>n</i>ges.</p> +<p>He sete on Salamones solie, on solemne wyse,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1172" id="clean_line1172">1172</a></span> +Bot of leaute he watȝ <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1172">lat</a> to his lorde hende;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +who practised idolatry.</span> +<p>He vsed abominaciones of idolatrye,</p> +<p>& lette lyȝt bi þe lawe þat he watȝ lege tylle;</p> +<p>For-þi oure fader vpon folde a foman hy<i>m</i> wakned,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Nebuchadnezzar becomes his foe.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1176" id="clean_line1176">1176</a></span> +Nabigo-de-noȝar nuyed hy<i>m</i> swyþe.</p> +<p>He pur-sued i<i>n</i> to palastyn w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> proude men +mony,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>wyth</i>] MS. <i>wyth with</i>.</span> +<p>& þer he wast <span class="texttag">wyth</span> werre þe wones +of <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1178">þorpes</a>.</p> +<p>He herȝed vp alle isr<i>ae</i>l & hent of þe beste,</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +NEBUCHADNEZZAR BESIEGES JERUSALEM.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +He besieges Jerusalem, and surrounds the walls.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1180" id="clean_line1180">1180</a></span> +& þe gentylest of Iudee i<i>n</i> I<i>e</i>r<i>usa</i>l<i>e</i>m +biseged,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">71</span> +<a name="page71" id="page71"> </a> + +<p>Vmbe-walt alle þe walles wyth wyȝes ful stronge,</p> +<p>At vche a dor a doȝty duk, & dutte hem wyth-i<i>n</i>ne;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The city is stuffed full of men.</span> +<p>For þe borȝ watȝ so bygge baytayled alofte,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1184" id="clean_line1184">1184</a></span> +& stoffed wyth-i<i>n</i>ne w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> stout men to stalle +hem þ<i>er</i>-oute.</p> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne watȝ þe sege sette þe Cete aboute,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Brisk is the skirmish.</span> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1186">Skete skarmoch</a> +skelt, much skaþe lached;</p> +<p>At vch brugge a berfray on basteles wyse,</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 73<i>b</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +Seven times a day are the gates assailed.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1188" id="clean_line1188">1188</a></span> +Þat seuen syþe vch a day asayled þe ȝates,</p> +<p>Trwe tulkkes i<i>n</i> to<i>ur</i>es teueled wyth-i<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<p>In bigge <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1190">brutage</a> of +borde, bulde on þe walles;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +For two years the fight goes on, yet the city is not taken.</span> +<p>Þay feȝt & þay fende of, & fylt<i>er</i> togeder</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1192" id="clean_line1192">1192</a></span> +Til two ȝer ou<i>er</i>-torned, ȝet tok þay hit neu<i>er</i>.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The folk within are in want of food.</span> +<p>At þe laste vpon longe, þo ledes wyth-i<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<p>Faste fayled hem þe fode, enfaminied monie;</p> +<p>Þe hote hunger wyth-i<i>n</i>ne hert hem wel sarre,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1196" id="clean_line1196">1196</a></span> +Þen any dunt of þat douthe þat dowelled þ<i>er</i>-oute.</p> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne wern þo rowtes redles i<i>n</i> þo ryche wones,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Meager they become.</span> +<p>Fro þat mete watȝ myst, megre þay wexen,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +For so shut up are they that escape seems impossible.</span> +<p>& þay stoken so strayt, þ<i>a</i>t þay ne stray myȝt</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1200" id="clean_line1200">1200</a></span> +A fote fro þat forselet to forray no goudes.</p> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne þe ky<i>n</i>g of þe kyth a cou<i>n</i>sayl hy<i>m</i> +takes,</p> +<p>Wyth þe best of his burnes, a <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1202">blench</a> forto make;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +But on a quiet night they steal out,<br> +and rush through the host.</span> +<p>Þay stel out on a stylle nyȝt er any steuen rysed,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1204" id="clean_line1204">1204</a></span> +& harde hurles þurȝ þe oste, er enmies hit wyste,</p> +<p>Bot er þay <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1205">at-wappe</a> +ne moȝt þe wach wyth-oute,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +They are discovered by the enemy.</span> +<p>Hiȝe <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1206">skelt</a> watȝ þe +askry þe skewes an-vnder,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +A loud alarm is given.</span> +<p>Loude alarom vpon lau<i>n</i>de lulted watȝ þe<i>n</i>ne;</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1208" id="clean_line1208">1208</a></span> +Ryche, <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1208">ruþed</a> of her +rest, ran to here wedes,</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1209">Hard hattes</a> þay +hent & on hors lepes;</p> +<p>Cler claryou<i>n</i> crak cryed onlofte.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +They are pursued</span> +<p>By þat watȝ alle on a hepe hurlande swyþee,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1212" id="clean_line1212">1212</a></span> +Folȝande þat oþ<i>er</i> flote, & fonde hem bilyue,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and overtaken.</span> +<p>Ou<i>er</i>-tok hem, as tyd, tult hem of sadeles,</p> +<p>Tyl vche prynce hade his per put to þe grou<i>n</i>de;</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +THE KING OF JUDAH IS MADE PRISONER.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Their king is made prisoner.</span> +<p>& þer watȝ þe ky<i>n</i>g kaȝt wyth calde pry<i>n</i>ces,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">72</span> +<a name="page72" id="page72"> </a> + +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1216" id="clean_line1216">1216</a></span> +& alle hise gentyle for-iusted on ierico playnes,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +His chief men are presented as prisoners to Nebuchadnezzar.</span> +<p>& presented wern as presoneres to þe prynce rychest,</p> +<p>Nabigo-de-noȝar noble i<i>n</i> his chayer,</p> +<p>& he þe <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1219">faynest</a> +freke þat he his fo hade,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1220" id="clean_line1220">1220</a></span> +& speke spito<i>us</i>ly hem to & spylt +þ<i>er</i>aft<i>er</i>.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +His sons are slain.</span> +<p>Þe ky<i>n</i>g<i>es</i> su<i>n</i>nes i<i>n</i> his syȝt he slow +eu<i>er</i> vch one,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +His own eyes are put out.</span> +<p>& holkked out his auen yȝen het<i>er</i>ly boþe</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He is placed in a dungeon in Babylon.</span> +<p>& bede þe burne to be broȝt to babyloyn þe ryche,</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 74<i>a</i>.]</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1224" id="clean_line1224">1224</a></span> +& þere i<i>n</i> dongou<i>n</i> be don to <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1224">dreȝe þ<i>er</i> his wyrdes</a>.</p> +<p>Now se, so þe sou<i>er</i>ay[n] set hatȝ his wrake;</p> +<p>Nas hit not for nabugo ne his noble nauþ<i>er</i>,</p> +<p>Þat oþ<i>er</i> depryued watȝ of pryde with paynes stronge,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +All for his “bad bearing” against the Lord,<br> +who might otherwise have been his friend.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1228" id="clean_line1228">1228</a></span> +Bot for his bery<i>n</i>g so badde agayn his blyþe lorde;</p> +<p>For hade þe fader ben his frende þat hy<i>m</i> bifore keped,</p> +<p>Ne neu<i>er</i> trespast to him i<i>n</i> teche of mysseleue.</p> +<p>To Colde wer alle Calde & kythes of ynde,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1232" id="clean_line1232">1232</a></span> +Ȝet take torkye hem wyth her tene hade ben little;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Nebuchadnezzar ceased not until he had destroyed Jerusalem.</span> +<p>Ȝet nolde neu<i>er</i> nabugo þis ilke note leue,</p> +<p>Er he hade tuyred þis tou<i>n</i> & torne hit to +grou<i>n</i>de;</p> +<p>He ioyned vnto I<i>e</i>r<i>usa</i>l<i>e</i>m a gentyle duc +þe<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Nebuzaradan was “chief of the chivalry.”</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1236" id="clean_line1236">1236</a></span> +His name watȝ nabu-ȝardan, to noye þe iues;</p> +<p>He watȝ mayster of his men & myȝty hi<i>m</i> seluen,</p> +<p>Þe chef of his cheualrye his chekkes to make,</p> +<p>He brek þe bareres as bylyue, & þe burȝ aft<i>er</i>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1240" id="clean_line1240">1240</a></span> +& enteres i<i>n</i> ful ernestly, i<i>n</i> yre of his hert.</p> +<p>What! þe maysterry watȝ mene, þe me<i>n</i> wern away,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The best men were taken out of the city.</span> +<p>Þe best boȝed wyth þe burne þat þe borȝ ȝemed;</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>so</i>] The MS. reads <i>fo.</i></span> +<p>& þo þat byden wer <span class="texttag">so</span> biten with +þe bale hunger,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1244" id="clean_line1244">1244</a></span> +Þat on wyf hade ben worþe þe welgest fo<i>ur</i>re;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Nevertheless Nebuzaradan spared not those left.</span> +<p>Nabiȝardan noȝt for-þy nolde not spare,</p> +<p>Bot bede al <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1246">to þe +bronde</a> vnder bare egge.</p> +<p>Þay slowen of swettest semlych burdes,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Brains of bairns were spilt.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1248" id="clean_line1248">1248</a></span> +Baþed barnes i<i>n</i> blod & her brayn spylled;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Priests pressed to death.</span> +<p>Prestes & prelates þay presed to deþe,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Wives and wenches foully killed.</span> +<p>Wyues & wenches her wombes tocoruen,</p> +<p>Þat her boweles out-borst aboute þe diches,</p> +<span class="pagenum">73</span> +<a name="page73" id="page73"> </a> +<span class="sidenote"> +All that escaped the sword were taken to Babylon,</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1252" id="clean_line1252">1252</a></span> +& al watȝ carfully kylde þat þay cach myȝt,</p> +<p>& alle [þat] swypped vnswolȝed of þe sworde kene,</p> +<p>Þay wer cagged & kaȝt <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1254">on capeles</a> al bare,</p> +<p>Festned fettres to her fete vnder <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1255">fole wombes</a>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1256" id="clean_line1256">1256</a></span> +& broþely broȝt to babyloyn þer bale to suffer,</p> +<p>To sytte i<i>n</i> seruage & syte; þat su<i>m</i>tyme wer +ge<i>n</i>tyle,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and were made to drag the cart or milk the kine.</span> +<p>Now ar chau<i>n</i>ged to chorles & charged wyth werkkes,</p> +<p>Boþe <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1259">to cayre at þe +kart & þe kuy mylke</a>,</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 74<i>b</i>.]</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1260" id="clean_line1260">1260</a></span> +Þat su<i>m</i>tyme sete i<i>n</i> her sale syres & burdes.</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +NEBUZARDAN PILLAGES THE TEMPLE.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Nebuzaradan burst open the temple,</span> +<p>& ȝet nabuȝardan nyl neu<i>er</i> stynt,</p> +<p>Er he to þe tempple tee wyth his tulkkes alle;</p> +<p>Betes on þe barers, brestes vp þe ȝates,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and slew those therein.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1264" id="clean_line1264">1264</a></span> +Slouen alle at a slyp þat serued þer-i<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Priests, pulled by the poll, were slain along with deacons, clerks, and +maidens.</span> +<p>Pulden prestes bi þe polle & <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1265">plat of</a> her hedes,</p> +<p>Diȝten dekenes to deþe, dungen dou<i>n</i> clerkkes,</p> +<p>& alle þe maydenes of þe mu<i>n</i>st<i>er</i> maȝtyly +hokyllen</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1268" id="clean_line1268">1268</a></span> +Wyth þe swayf of þe sworde þat swolȝed he<i>m</i> alle.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The enemy pillages the temple</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne ran þay to þe relykes as robbors wylde,</p> +<p>& pyled alle þe apparement þat pented to þe kyrke,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +of its pillars of brass,</span> +<p>Þe pure pyleres [o]f bras po<i>ur</i>trayd i<i>n</i> golde,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and the golden candlestick</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1272" id="clean_line1272">1272</a></span> +& þe chef chau<i>n</i>deler charged with þe lyȝt,</p> +<p>Þat ber þe lamp vpon lofte, þat lemed eu<i>er</i> more,</p> +<p>Bifore þ[e] sancta s<i>an</i>c<i>t</i>or<i>um</i> þer selcouth watȝ +ofte.</p> +<p>Þay caȝt away þat condelstik, & þe crowne als,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +from off the altar.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1276" id="clean_line1276">1276</a></span> +Þat þe aut<i>er</i> hade vpon, of aþel golde ryche;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Goblets,</span> +<p>Þe gredirne & þe goblot<i>es</i> garnyst of sylu<i>er</i>,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +basins,</span> +<p>Þe bases of þe bryȝt postes & bassynes so schyre;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +golden dishes,</span> +<p>Dere disches of golde & dubleres fayre,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1280" id="clean_line1280">1280</a></span> +Þe vyoles & þe vesselment of v<i>er</i>tuo<i>us</i> stones.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +all are taken by Nebuzaradan,</span> +<p>Now hatȝ nabuȝardan nome<i>n</i> alle þyse noble þy<i>n</i>ges,</p> +<p>& pyled þat p<i>re</i>cio<i>us</i> place & pakked þose +godes;</p> +<p>Þe golde of þe gaȝafylace to swyþe gret nou<i>m</i>bre,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and hampered together.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1284" id="clean_line1284">1284</a></span> +Wyth alle þe vrnmentes of þat ho<i>us</i>, he <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1284">hamppred</a> to-geder.</p> +<p>Alle he spoyled spito<i>us</i>ly i<i>n</i> a sped whyle,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Solomon had made them with much labour.</span> +<p>Þat salomon so mony a sadde ȝer soȝt to make,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">74</span> +<a name="page74" id="page74"> </a> + +<p>Wyth alle þe coyntyse þat he cowþe clene to wyrke;</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1288" id="clean_line1288">1288</a></span> +De-uised he þe vesselment, þe vestures clene,</p> +<p>Wyth slyȝt of his ciences, his sou<i>er</i>ayn to loue,</p> +<p>Þe ho<i>us</i> & þe ano<i>ur</i>nementes he <a class="noteref" +href="#clean_note1290">hyȝtled</a> to-gedere.</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>nu<em>m</em>ne<em>n</em>d</i>] <i>nummen</i> (?).</span> +<p>Now hatȝ nabuȝardan <span class="texttag">nu<i>m</i>ne<i>n</i>d</span> hit al samen,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The temple he beats down,</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1292" id="clean_line1292">1292</a></span> +& syþen bet dou<i>n</i> þe burȝ & brend hit i<i>n</i> askes;</p> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne wyth legiou<i>n</i>es of ledes ou<i>er</i> londes he +rydes,</p> +<p>Herȝeȝ of Israel þe hyrne aboute.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and returns to Babylon.</span> +<p>Wyth charged chariotes þe cheftayn he fynde[ȝ],</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +NEBUCHADNEZZAR IS PLEASED WITH THE SPOIL.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 75<i>a</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +Presents the prisoners to the king,</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1296" id="clean_line1296">1296</a></span> +Bike<i>n</i>nes þe catel to þe ky<i>n</i>g, þat he caȝt hade,</p> +<p>P<i>re</i>sented him þe p<i>r</i>isoneres i<i>n</i> pray þat þay +token,</p> +<p>Moni a worþly wyȝe whil her worlde laste,</p> +<p>Moni semly syre son<i>e</i>, & swyþe rych maydenes,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1300" id="clean_line1300">1300</a></span> +Þe pruddest of þe p<i>ro</i>uince, & p<i>ro</i>phetes childer,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +among whom were Daniel and his three companions.</span> +<p>As Ananie & aȝarie & als Miȝael,</p> +<p>& dere daniel also, þat watȝ deuine noble,</p> +<p>With moni a <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1303">modey</a> +moder chylde mo þe<i>n</i> i<i>n</i>-noghe.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Nebuchadnezzar has great joy,</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1304" id="clean_line1304">1304</a></span> +& nabugo-de-noȝar makes much ioye,</p> +<p>Nov he þe ky<i>n</i>g hatȝ c<i>on</i>quest & þe kyth +wu<i>n</i>nen,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +because his enemies are slain.</span> +<p>& dreped alle þe doȝtyest & derrest i<i>n</i> armes,</p> +<p>& þe lederes of her lawe layd to þe grou<i>n</i>de,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1308" id="clean_line1308">1308</a></span> +& þe pryce of þe p<i>ro</i>fecie p<i>r</i>isoners maked;</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +HE PRIZES GREATLY THE SACRED JEWELRY.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Great was his wonder when he saw the sacred jewelry.</span> +<p>Bot þe ioy of þe iuelrye so gentyle & ryche,</p> +<p>When hit watȝ schewed hy<i>m</i> so schene, scharp watȝ his +wonder,</p> +<p>Of such vessel auayed þat vayled so huge,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1312" id="clean_line1312">1312</a></span> +Neu<i>er</i> ȝet nas nabugo-de-noȝar er þe<i>n</i>ne.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He praises the God of Israel.</span> +<p>He <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1313">sesed</a> hem +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> solemneté, þe sou<i>er</i>ayn he praysed,</p> +<p>þat watȝ aþel ou<i>er</i> alle, israel dryȝtyn;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Such vessels never before came to Chaldea.</span> +<p>Such god, such gomes, such gay vesselles</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1316" id="clean_line1316">1316</a></span> +Comen neu<i>er</i> out of kyth, to Caldee reames.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +They are thrust into the treasury.</span> +<p>He trussed hem i<i>n</i> his tresorye i<i>n</i> a tryed place</p> +<p>Rekenly wyth reu<i>er</i>ens, as he ryȝt hade;</p> +<p>& þ<i>er</i> he wroȝt as þe wyse, as ȝe may wyt +here-aft<i>er</i>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1320" id="clean_line1320">1320</a></span> +For hade he let of hem lyȝt, hy<i>m</i> moȝt haf lu<i>m</i>pen +worse.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Nebuchadnezzar reigns as emperor of all the earth,</span> +<p>Þat ryche i<i>n</i> gret rialté rengned his lyue,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">75</span> +<a name="page75" id="page75"> </a> + +<p>As <i>con</i>quero<i>ur</i> of vche a cost he cayser watȝ hatte,</p> +<p>Emp<i>er</i>o<i>ur</i> of alle þe erþe & also þe saudan,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1324" id="clean_line1324">1324</a></span> +& als þe god of þe grou<i>n</i>de watȝ grauen his name</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>fro</i>] <i>for</i> (?).</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +through the “doom of Daniel,”</span> +<p>& al þurȝ dome of daniel, <span class="texttag">fro</span> he +deuised hade,</p> +<p>Þat alle goudes com of god, & gef hit hy<i>m</i> bi samples,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>bi-cnv</i>] Looks like bicuv<i>er</i> in MS.</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +who gave him good counsel.</span> +<p>Þat he ful clanly <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1327">bi-cnv</a> his carp bi þe laste,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1328" id="clean_line1328">1328</a></span> +& ofte hit mekned his my<i>n</i>de, his mayst<i>er</i>ful +werkkes.</p> +<p>Bot al drawes to dyȝe w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> doel vp[o]n ende;</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>Bi</i>] <i>be</i> (?).</span> +<p><span class="texttag">Bi</span> a haþel neu<i>er</i> so hyȝe he +<a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1330">heldes</a> to +grou<i>n</i>de,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Nebuchadnezzar dies and is buried.</span> +<p>& so nabugo-de-noȝar as he nedes moste;</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 75<i>b</i>.]</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1332" id="clean_line1332">1332</a></span> +For alle his empire so hiȝe i<i>n</i> erþe is he <a class="noteref" +href="#clean_note1332">g<i>ra</i>uen</a>.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Belshazzar succeeds him.</span> +<p>Bot þe<i>n</i>n þe bolde baltaȝar, þat watȝ his barn aldest,</p> +<p>He watȝ <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1334">stalled +i<i>n</i> his stud</a>, & stabled þe rengne;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He holds himself the biggest in heaven or on earth.</span> +<p>I<i>n</i> þe burȝ of babiloyne þe biggest he trawed,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>no</i>] <i>on</i> (?).</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1336" id="clean_line1336">1336</a></span> +Þat nauþ<i>er</i> i<i>n</i> heuen ne <span class="texttag">no</span> +erþe hade no pere;</p> +<p>For he bigan i<i>n</i> alle þe glori þat hy<i>m</i> þe gome +lafte,</p> +<p>Nabugo-de-Noȝar, þat watȝ his noble fader;</p> +<p>So kene a ky<i>n</i>g i<i>n</i> Caldee com neu<i>er</i> er +þe<i>n</i>ne.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He honours not God,</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1340" id="clean_line1340">1340</a></span> +Bot hono<i>ur</i>ed he not hy<i>m</i> þat in heuen wonies,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +but worships false phantoms.</span> +<p>Bot fals fantu<i>m</i>mes of fendes, formed with handes</p> +<p>Wyth tool out of harde <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1342">tre</a>, & <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1342">telded</a> on lofte,</p> +<p>& of stokkes & stones, he stoute goddes callȝ</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1344" id="clean_line1344">1344</a></span> +When þay ar gilde al with golde & <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1344">gered</a> wyth sylu<i>er</i>,</p> +<p>& þere he kneles & calleȝ, & clepes after help.</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>&</i>] <i>An</i> (?).</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +He promises them rewards if good fortune befal.</span> +<p><span class="texttag">&</span> þay <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1346">reden</a> hi<i>m</i> ryȝt rewarde he hem hetes,</p> +<p>& if þay gruchen hi<i>m</i> his grace to gremen his hert,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +If they vex him he knocks them in pieces.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1348" id="clean_line1348">1348</a></span> +He cleches to a gret klubbe & knokkes hem to peces;</p> +<p>Þ<i>us</i> in pryde & oliprau<i>n</i>ce his Empyre he haldes,</p> +<p>In lust & i<i>n</i> lecherye, & loþelych werkkes;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He has a wife, and many concubines.</span> +<p>& hade a wyf forto welde, a worþelych quene,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1352" id="clean_line1352">1352</a></span> +& mony a le<i>m</i>man, neu<i>er</i> þe lat<i>er</i>, þat ladis wer +called.</p> +<p>In þe clernes of his <i>con</i>cubines & curio<i>us</i> +wedeȝ,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The mind of the king was fixed upon new meats and other vain +things.</span> +<p>In <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1354">noty<i>n</i>g</a> of +nwe metes & of nice <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1354">gettes</a>,</p> +<p>Al watȝ þe mynde of þat man, o<i>n</i> misschapen þi<i>n</i>ges,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1356" id="clean_line1356">1356</a></span> +Til þe lorde of þe lyfte liste hit abate.</p> + + +<span class="pagenum">76</span> +<a name="page76" id="page76"> </a> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +BELSHAZZAR PROCLAIMS A FEAST,</span></p> + +<h4><a name="clean_XIII" id="clean_XIII">XIII.</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote firstline"> +Belshazzar, to exhibit his vainglory</span> +<p class="firstline">The<i>n</i>ne þis bolde Baltaȝar biþenkkes +hy<i>m</i> ones,</p> +<p>To vouche on <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1358">a +vayment</a> of his vayne g[l]orie;</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>þi<em>n</em>k</i>] <i>þing</i> (?).</span> +<p>Hit is not i<i>n</i>nogh<i>e</i> to þe nice al noȝty <span class="texttag">þi<i>n</i>k</span> vse,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1360" id="clean_line1360">1360</a></span> +Bot if alle þe worlde wyt his wykked dedes.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +proclaims throughout Babylon,</span> +<p>Baltaȝar þurȝ babiloyn his <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1361">ba<i>n</i>ne</a> gart crye,</p> +<p>& þurȝ þe cu<i>n</i>tre of caldee his <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1362">cally<i>n</i>g</a> con spry<i>n</i>g,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +that all the great ones should assemble on a set day, at the Sultan’s +feast.</span> +<p>Þat alle þe grete vpon grou<i>n</i>de schulde geder hem samen</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1364" id="clean_line1364">1364</a></span> +& assemble at a set day at þe saudans fest.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Kings, dukes, and lords were commanded to attend the court.</span> +<p>Such a mangerie to make þe man watȝ auised,</p> +<p>Þat <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1366">vche a kythyn +ky<i>n</i>g</a> schuld com þider;</p> +<p>Vche duk wyth his duthe & oþ<i>er</i> dere lordes,</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 76<i>a</i>.]</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1368" id="clean_line1368">1368</a></span> +Schulde com to his co<i>ur</i>t to kyþe hy<i>m</i> for lege,</p> +<p>& to reche hy<i>m</i> reu<i>er</i>ens & his reuel +herkken;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +To do the king honour many nobles came to Babylon.</span> +<p>To loke on his lemanes & ladis hem calle,</p> +<p>To rose hy<i>m</i> i<i>n</i> his rialty rych me<i>n</i> soȝtten,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1372" id="clean_line1372">1372</a></span> +& mony a barou<i>n</i> ful bolde, to babyloyn þe noble.</p> +<p>Þer bowed toward babiloyn burnes so mony,</p> +<p>Ky<i>n</i>ges, Cayseres ful kene, to þe co<i>ur</i>t +wo<i>n</i>nen,</p> +<p>Mony <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1375">ludisch lordes</a> +þat ladies broȝten,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +It would take too long to name the number.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1376" id="clean_line1376">1376</a></span> +Þat to neuen þe nou<i>m</i>bre to much nye were.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The city of Babylon is broad and big.</span> +<p>For þe bo<i>ur</i>ȝ watȝ so brod & so bigge alce,</p> +<p>Stalled i<i>n</i> þe fayrest stud þe sterreȝ an-vnder,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +It is situated on a plain,</span> +<p>Prudly on a plat playn, <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1379">plek</a> alþ<i>er</i>-fayrest,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +surrounded by seven streams,</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1380" id="clean_line1380">1380</a></span> +Vmbe-sweyed on vch a syde w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> seuen grete +wat<i>er</i>es,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +a high wall, and towers.</span> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> a wonder wroȝt walle wruxeled ful hiȝe,</p> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> koy<i>n</i>t carneles aboue, coruen ful clene,</p> +<p>Troched toures bitwene twenty spere lenþe,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>þo<em>ur</em></i>] <i>þore</i> (?).</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1384" id="clean_line1384">1384</a></span> +& þiker þrowen vmbe <span class="texttag">þo<i>ur</i></span>-w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> ou<i>er</i>-þwert +palle.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The palace was long and large,</span> +<p>Þe place, þat plyed þe pursau<i>n</i>t wyth-i<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<p>Watȝ longe & ful large & eu<i>er</i> ilych sware,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +each side being seven miles in length.</span> +<p>& vch a syde vpon soyle helde seuen myle,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1388" id="clean_line1388">1388</a></span> +& þe saudans sete sette i<i>n</i> þe myddes;</p> +<p>Þat watȝ a palayce of pryde passande alle oþ<i>er</i>,</p> +<p>Boþe of werk & of wu<i>n</i>der & walle al aboute;</p> +<span class="pagenum">77</span> +<a name="page77" id="page77"> </a> +<span class="sidenote"> +High houses were within the walls.</span> +<p>Heȝe houses w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-i<i>n</i>ne þe halle to hit med,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1392" id="clean_line1392">1392</a></span> +So brod bilde i<i>n</i> a bay, þ<i>a</i>t blonkkes myȝt +re<i>n</i>ne.</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +TO WHICH KINGS AND EMPERORS ARE INVITED.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The time of the feast has come.</span> +<p>When þe terme of þe tyde watȝ to vsched of þe feste,</p> +<p>Dere droȝen þ<i>er</i>-to & vpon des metten,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Belshazzar sits upon his throne:</span> +<p>& baltaȝar vpon bench was busked to sete,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1396" id="clean_line1396">1396</a></span> +<a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1396">Stepe stayred stones of +his stoute throne.</a></p> +<span class="sidenote"> +the hall floor is covered with knights.</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne watȝ alle þe halle flor <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1397">hiled</a> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> knyȝtes,</p> +<p>& barou<i>n</i>es at þe side-bordes <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1398">bounet</a> ay-where,</p> +<p>For non watȝ dressed vpon dece bot þe dere seluen,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1400" id="clean_line1400">1400</a></span> +& his clere concubynes i<i>n</i> cloþes ful bryȝt.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +When all are seated, service begins.</span> +<p>When alle segges were þ<i>er</i> set, þe<i>n</i> seruyse +bygy<i>n</i>nes,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Trumpets sound everywhere.</span> +<p>Sturnen trumpen <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1402">strake +steuen</a> i<i>n</i> halle,</p> +<p>Aywhere by þe wowes <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1403">wrasten krakkes</a>,</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 76<i>b</i>.]</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1404" id="clean_line1404">1404</a></span> +& brode baneres þer-bi blusnande of gold;</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>þe</i>] MS. þe þe.</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +Bread is served upon silver dishes.</span> +<p>Burnes berande <span class="texttag">þe</span> bredes vpon brode +skeles,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>se<em>er</em>ved</i>] MS. sev<i>er</i>ed.</span> +<p>Þat were of sylu<i>er</i>en syȝt & <span class="texttag">se<i>er</i>ved</span> þ<i>er</i>-wyth,</p> +<p>Lyfte logges þer-ou<i>er</i> & on lofte coruen,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>golde</i>] MS. <i>glolde</i> (?).</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1408" id="clean_line1408">1408</a></span> +Pared out of paper & poynted of <span class="texttag">golde</span>,</p> +<p>Broþe baboynes abof, besttes an-vnder,</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1410">Foles</a> i<i>n</i> +foler <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1410">flakerande</a> +bi-twene,</p> +<p>& al i<i>n</i> asure & ynde enaumayld ryche,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +All sorts of musical instruments are heard in the hall.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1412" id="clean_line1412">1412</a></span> +& al <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1412">on blonkken +bak</a> bere hit on honde.</p> +<p>& ay þe nakeryn noyse, notes of pipes,</p> +<p>Ty<i>m</i>bres & tabornes, tulket amo<i>n</i>g,</p> +<p>Sy<i>m</i>bales & soneteȝ sware þe noyse,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1416" id="clean_line1416">1416</a></span> +& bougou<i>n</i>ȝ busch bat<i>er</i>ed so þikke;</p> +<p>So watȝ serued fele syþe þe sale alle aboute,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The king, surrounded by his loves, drinks copiously of wine.</span> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> solace at þe sere course, bifore þe self +lorde,</p> +<p>Þer þe lede & alle his loue lenged at þe table.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +It gets into his head and stupifies him.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1420" id="clean_line1420">1420</a></span> +So faste þay <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1420">weȝed</a> to +hi<i>m</i> wyne, hit warmed his hert</p> +<p>& breyþed vppe i<i>n</i> to his brayn & blemyst his +my<i>n</i>de,</p> +<p>& al waykned his wyt, & wel neȝe he foles,</p> +<p>For he wayteȝ onwyde, his wenches he byholdes,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1424" id="clean_line1424">1424</a></span> +& his bolde baronage, aboute bi þe woȝes;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +A cursed thought takes possession of him.</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne a <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1425">dotage</a> ful depe drof to his hert,</p> +<p>& a caytif cou<i>n</i>sayl he caȝt bi hy<i>m</i> seluen.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">78</span> +<a name="page78" id="page78"> </a> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +BELSHAZZAR BRINGS OUT THE SACRED VESSELS</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +He commands his marshal to bring him the vessels</span> +<p>Maynly his marschal þe mayst<i>er</i> vpon calles,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1428" id="clean_line1428">1428</a></span> +& comau<i>n</i>des hym cofly coferes to lance,</p> +<p>& fech forþe vessel þ<i>a</i>t his fader broȝt</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +taken from the temple by Nebuchadnezzar,</span> +<p>Nabugo-de-noȝar, noble i<i>n</i> his strenþe,</p> +<p>Conquerd with his knyȝtes & of kyrk rafte</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1432" id="clean_line1432">1432</a></span> +I<i>n</i> iude, i<i>n</i> i<i>e</i>r<i>usa</i>l<i>e</i>m i<i>n</i> +gentyle wyse:</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and to fill them with wine.</span> +<p>“Bry<i>n</i>g hem now to my borde, of beu<i>er</i>age he<i>m</i> +fylles,</p> +<p>Let þise ladyes of hem lape, I luf he<i>m</i> i<i>n</i> hert;</p> +<p>Þat schal I cortaysly kyþe & þay <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1435">schi<i>n</i></a> knawe sone,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1436" id="clean_line1436">1436</a></span> +Þer is no bou<i>n</i>té i<i>n</i> burne lyk baltaȝar þewes.”</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The marshal opens the chests.</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne towched to þe treso<i>ur</i> þis tale watȝ sone,</p> +<p>& he w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> keyes vn-closes kystes ful mony;</p> +<p>Mony burþen ful bryȝt watȝ broȝt i<i>n</i>-to halle,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Covers the cupboard with vessels.</span> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 77<i>a</i>.]</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1440" id="clean_line1440">1440</a></span> +& cou<i>er</i>ed mony a cupborde with cloþes ful quite.</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>i<em>e</em>r<em>u</em>s<em>a</em>l<em>e</em>m</i>] MS. +i<i>e</i>s<i>u</i>r<i>a</i>l<i>e</i>m.</span> +<p>Þe iueles out of <span class="texttag">i<i>e</i>r<i>u</i>s<i>a</i>l<i>e</i>m</span> +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> ge<i>m</i>mes ful bryȝt,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The Jewels of Jerusalem deck the sides of the hall.</span> +<p>Bi þe syde of þe sale were semely arayed;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The altar and crown,</span> +<p>Þe aþel auter of brasse watȝ hade i<i>n</i>-to place;</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1444" id="clean_line1444">1444</a></span> +Þe gay corou<i>n</i> of golde gered on lofte,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +blessed by bishop’s hands,<br> +and anointed with the blood of beasts,</span> +<p>Þat hade ben blessed bifore wyth bischopes hondes</p> +<p>& wyth <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1446">besten +blod</a> busily anoynted,</p> +<p>In þe solempne sacrefyce þat goud sauor hade,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1448" id="clean_line1448">1448</a></span> +Bifore þe lorde of þe lyfte i<i>n</i> louy<i>n</i>g hy<i>m</i> +seluen,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +are set before the bold Belshazzar.</span> +<p>Now is sette for to serue satanas þe blake,</p> +<p>Bifore þe bolde baltaȝar wyth bost & wyth pryde.</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +TO DECK THE FESTIVE HALL.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Upon this altar were noble vessels curiously carved,</span> +<p>Houen vpon þis auter watȝ aþel vessel,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>so</i>] MS. <i>fo</i>.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1452" id="clean_line1452">1452</a></span> +Þat wyth <span class="texttag">so</span> curio<i>us</i> a crafte +coruen watȝ wyly;</p> +<p>Salamon sete him s[eue]n ȝere & a syþe more,</p> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> alle þe syence þat hy<i>m</i> sende þe +sou<i>er</i>ayn lorde,</p> +<p>For to compas & kest to haf hem clene wroȝt;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +basins of gold,</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1456" id="clean_line1456">1456</a></span> +For þer wer bassynes ful bryȝt of brende golde clere,</p> +<p>En-aumaylde w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> aȝer & eweres of sute;</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>foul</i>] <i>ful</i> (?).</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +cups arrayed like castles with battlements,</span> +<p>Cou<i>er</i>ed cowpes <span class="texttag">foul</span> clene, as +casteles arayed,</p> +<p>Enbaned vnder batelment w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> bantelles +quoy<i>n</i>t,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>ferlyle</i>] <i>ferlyke</i> (?).</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1460" id="clean_line1460">1460</a></span> +& fyled out of fygures of <span class="texttag">ferlyle</span> +schappes.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and towers with lofty pinnacles.</span> +<p>Þe cop<i>er</i>ou<i>n</i>es of þe canacles þat on þe cuppe reres,</p> +<p>Wer fetysely formed out i<i>n</i> <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1462">fylyoles</a> longe,</p> +<span class="pagenum">79</span> +<a name="page79" id="page79"> </a> +<span class="sidenote"> +Upon them were pourtrayed branches and leaves,</span> +<p>Pinacles pyȝt þer apert þat p<i>ro</i>fert bitwene,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1464" id="clean_line1464">1464</a></span> +& al boiled abof w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> brau<i>n</i>ches & +leues,</p> +<p>Pyes & papeiayes purtrayed with-i<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<p>As þay prudly hade piked of pomgarnades;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +the flowers of which were white pearls,</span> +<p>For alle þe blomes of þe boȝes wer blyknande perles</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and the fruit flaming gems.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1468" id="clean_line1468">1468</a></span> +& alle þe fruyt i<i>n</i> þo formes of flau<i>m</i>beande +ge<i>m</i>mes,</p> +<p>Ande safyres, & sardiners, & semely topace,</p> +<p>Alabau<i>n</i>derynes, & amarau<i>n</i>ȝ & amaffised +stones,</p> +<p>Casydoynes, & crysolytes, & clere rubies,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1472" id="clean_line1472">1472</a></span> +<a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1472">Penitotes</a>, & +pynkardines, ay perles bitwene,</p> +<p>So trayled & tryfled a trau<i>er</i>ce wer alle,</p> +<p>Bi vche bekyrande þe bolde, þe brurdes al vmbe;</p> +<p>Þe gobelotes of golde grauen aboute,</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 77<i>b</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +The goblets were ornamented with flowers of gold.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1476" id="clean_line1476">1476</a></span> +& fyoles fretted w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> flores & fleeȝ of golde,</p> +<p>Vpon þat avter watȝ al aliche dresset.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The candlestick was brought in,</span> +<p>Þe candelstik bi a <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1478">cost</a> watȝ cayred þider sone,</p> +<p>[V]pon þe pyleres apyked þat praysed hit mony,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +with its pillars of brass,</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1480" id="clean_line1480">1480</a></span> +Vpon hit baseȝ of brasse þat ber vp þe werkes,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and ornamental boughs,</span> +<p>Þe boȝes bryȝt þer abof, brayden of golde,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +upon which sat birds of various hues.</span> +<p>Brau<i>n</i>ches bredande þer-on, & bryddes þer seten</p> +<p>Of mony kyndes, of fele-kyn hues,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1484" id="clean_line1484">1484</a></span> +As þay w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> wy<i>n</i>ge vpon wynde hade waged her +fyþ<i>er</i>es,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Lights shone bright from the candlestick,</span> +<p>In-mo<i>n</i>g þe leues of þe lampes wer grayþed;</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>louelych</i>] Looks like <i>louflych</i>.</span> +<p>& oþ<i>er</i> <span class="texttag">louelych</span> lyȝt þat +lemed ful fayre,</p> +<p>As mony mort<i>er</i>es of wax merkked w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-oute,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1488" id="clean_line1488">1488</a></span> +W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> mony a borlych best al of brende golde.</p> +<p>Hit watȝ not wonte i<i>n</i> þat wone to wast no serges,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +which once stood before the “Holy of Holies.”</span> +<p>Bot i<i>n</i> te<i>m</i>ple of þe trauþe trwly to stonde;</p> +<p>Bifore þe s<i>an</i>c<i>t</i>a, s<i>an</i>c<i>t</i>or<i>um</i> +soþefast dryȝtyn,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1492" id="clean_line1492">1492</a></span> +Expouned his speche sp<i>irit</i>ually to special p<i>ro</i>phetes.</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +THE SACRED VESSELS ARE DEFILED.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The pollution of the sacred vessels is displeasing to God.</span> +<p>Leue þ<i>o</i>u wel þat þe lorde þ<i>a</i>t þe lyfte ȝemes</p> +<p>Displesed much, at þat play i<i>n</i> þat plyt stronge,</p> +<p>Þat his ineles so gent wyth <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1495">iaueles</a> wer fouled,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1496" id="clean_line1496">1496</a></span> +Þat p<i>re</i>syo<i>us</i> i<i>n</i> his presens wer proued su<i>m</i> +whyle.</p> +<p>Soberly i<i>n</i> his sacrafyce su<i>m</i>me wer anoynted,</p> +<p>Þurȝ þe somones of him selfe þat syttes so hyȝe;</p> + +<span class="pagenum">80</span> +<a name="page80" id="page80"> </a> +<span class="sidenote"> +For “a boaster on bench” drinks from them till he is as “drunken as the +devil.”</span> + +<p>Now a bost<i>er</i> on benche bibbes þerof</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1500" id="clean_line1500">1500</a></span> +Tyl he be dronkken as þe deuel, & dotes þ<i>er</i> he syttes;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +God is very angry.</span> +<p>So þe worcher of þis worlde <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1501">wlates</a> þer-wyth,</p> +<p>Þat i<i>n</i> þe poynt of her play he poruayes a mynde;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Before harming the revellers He sends them a warning.</span> +<p>Bot er harme hem he wolde i<i>n</i> haste of his yre,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1504" id="clean_line1504">1504</a></span> +He <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1504">wayned</a> hem a +warny<i>n</i>g þat wonder hem þoȝt.</p> +<p>Nov is alle þis guere geten <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1505">glotou<i>n</i>es</a> to serue;</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>bryȝtȝ</i>] ? <i>bryȝte</i>.</span> +<p>Stad i<i>n</i> a ryche stal & stared ful <span class="texttag">bryȝtȝ</span>,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Belshazzar commands the sacred vessels to be filled with wine.</span> +<p>Baltaȝar i<i>n</i> a brayd bede <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1507">v<i>us</i></a> þ<i>er</i>-of.</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1508" id="clean_line1508">1508</a></span> +“Weȝe wyn i<i>n</i> þis won, wassayl!” he cryes.</p> +<p>Swyfte swaynes ful swyþe swepen þ<i>er</i>-tylle,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The cups and bowls are soon filled.</span> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1510">Kyppe</a> kowpes +i<i>n</i> honde ky<i>n</i>geȝ to serue,</p> +<p>I<i>n</i> bryȝt bolleȝ, ful bayn <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1511">birlen</a> þise oþ<i>er</i>,</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 78<i>a</i>.]</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1512" id="clean_line1512">1512</a></span> +& vche mon for his mayst<i>er</i> machches alone.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Music of all kind is heard in the hall.</span> +<p>Þer watȝ ry<i>n</i>gi<i>n</i>g, on ryȝt, of ryche metalles,</p> +<p>Quen renkkes i<i>n</i> þat ryche rok re<i>n</i>nen hit to cache,</p> +<p>Clat<i>er</i>i<i>n</i>g of conacleȝ þat kesten þo burdes,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1516" id="clean_line1516">1516</a></span> +As sonet out of sau[t]<i>er</i>ay songe als myry.</p> +<p>Þen þe <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1517">dotel</a> on +dece drank þat he myȝt,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Dukes, princes, concubines, and knights, all are merry.</span> +<p>& þe<i>n</i>ne arn dressed dukeȝ & prynces,</p> +<p>Concubines & knyȝtes, bi cause of þat m<i>er</i>the;</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1520" id="clean_line1520">1520</a></span> +<a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1520">As vchon hade hy<i>m</i> +i<i>n</i> helde he haled of þe cuppe,</a></p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Drinking of the sweet liquors they ask favours of their gods,</span> +<p>So long likked þise lordes þise lykores swete,</p> +<p>& gloryed on her falce goddes & her g<i>ra</i>ce calles,</p> +<p>Þat were of stokkes & stones, stille euer more;</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>is</i>] MS. īs.</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +who, although dumb,</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1524" id="clean_line1524">1524</a></span> +Neu<i>er</i> steuen hem astel, so stoken <span class="texttag">is</span> hor tonge,</p> +<p>Alle þe goude golden goddes þe gauleȝ ȝet neuenen,</p> +<p>Belfagor & belyal & belssabub als,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +are as highly praised “as if heaven were theirs.”</span> +<p>Heyred hem as hyȝly as heuen wer þayres,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1528" id="clean_line1528">1528</a></span> +Bot hy<i>m</i> þat alle goudes giues, þat god þay for-ȝeten,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +A marvel befals the feasters.</span> +<p>For þer a ferly bifel þat fele folk seȝen;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The king first saw it.</span> +<p>Fyrst knew hit þe ky<i>n</i>g & alle þe cort aft<i>er</i>,</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +THE HANDWRITING ON THE WALL.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Upon the plain wall,</span> +<p>I<i>n</i> þe palays pryncipale vpon þe playn wowe,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1532" id="clean_line1532">1532</a></span> +I<i>n</i> contrary of þe candelstik þat clerest hit schyned.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +“a palm with pointel in fingers” is seen writing.</span> +<p>Þer apered a paume, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> poyntel i<i>n</i> fyngres</p> +<p>Þat watȝ grysly & gret, & grymly he wrytes,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">81</span> +<a name="page81" id="page81"> </a> + +<p>Non oþ<i>er</i> forme bot a fust faylande þe wryste,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1536" id="clean_line1536">1536</a></span> +Pared on þe parget, purtrayed lettres.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The bold Belshazzar becomes frightened.</span> +<p>When þat bolde baltaȝar blusched to þat <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1537">neue</a>,</p> +<p>Such a dasande drede dusched to his hert,</p> +<p>Þat al falewed his face & fayled þe chere;</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1540" id="clean_line1540">1540</a></span> +Þe stronge strok of þe stonde strayned his ioy<i>n</i>tes,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +His knees knock together.</span> +<p>His cnes cachches to close & cluchches his ho<i>m</i>mes,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>lers</i>] MS. ler<i>n</i>s.</span> +<p>& he w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> plat-ty<i>n</i>g his paumes displayes his +<a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1542">lers</a>,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He roars for dread, still beholding the hand, as it wrote on the rough +wall.</span> +<p>& romyes <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1543">as a rad +ryth</a> þat roreȝ for drede,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1544" id="clean_line1544">1544</a></span> +Ay biholdand þe honde til hit hade al g<i>ra</i>uen,</p> +<p>& rasped on þe roȝ woȝe <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1545">runisch saueȝ</a>.</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>scrof</i>] MS. <i>strof</i>.</span> +<p>When hit þe scrypture hade scraped wyth a <span class="texttag">scrof</span> pe<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<p>As a colto<i>ur</i> i<i>n</i> clay cerues þ<i>o</i> forȝes,</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 78<i>b</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +The hand vanishes but the letters remain.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1548" id="clean_line1548">1548</a></span> +Þe<i>n</i>ne hit vanist v<i>er</i>ayly & voyded of syȝt,</p> +<p>Bot þe lettres bileued ful large vpon plast<i>er</i>.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The king recovers his speech and sends for the “book-learned;” </span> +<p>Sone so þe ky<i>n</i>ge for his care carpi<i>n</i>g myȝt +wy<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<p>He bede his burnes boȝ to þat wer<i>e</i> bok lered,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1552" id="clean_line1552">1552</a></span> +To wayte þe wryt þat hit wolde & wyt<i>er</i> hym to say,</p> +<p>“For al hit frayes my flesche þe fyngres so gry<i>m</i>me.”</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +but none of the scholars were wise enough to read it.</span> +<p>Scoleres <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1554">skelten</a> +þeratte þe skyl forto fynde,</p> +<p>Bot þer watȝ neu<i>er</i> on so wyse couþe on worde rede,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1556" id="clean_line1556">1556</a></span> +Ne what ledisch lore ne langage nauþ<i>er</i></p> +<p>What tyþy<i>n</i>g ne tale tokened <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1557">þo draȝtes</a>.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Belshazzar is nearly mad.</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne þe bolde baltaȝar bred ner wode.</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>ede</i>] <i>bede</i> (?).</span> +<p>& <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1559">ede</a> þe Ceté +to seche segges þurȝ-out,</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +THE KING CONSULTS HIS DIVINERS.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Commands the city to be searched throughout for the “wise of +witchcraft.”</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1560" id="clean_line1560">1560</a></span> +Þat wer wyse of wyche-crafte & <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1560">warlaȝes</a> oþ<i>er</i>,</p> +<p>Þat con dele wyth dem<i>er</i>layk, & deuine lettres:</p> +<p>“Calle hem alle to my cort þo calde clerkkes,</p> +<p>Vn-folde hem alle þis ferly þat is bifallen here,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He who expounds the strange letters,</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1564" id="clean_line1564">1564</a></span> +& calle wyth a hiȝe cry; ‘he þat þe ky<i>n</i>g wysses,</p> +<p>In expouny<i>n</i>g of speche þat spredes i<i>n</i> þise lettres,</p> +<p>& make þe mat<i>er</i> to <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1566">malt</a> my mynde wyth-i<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<p>Þat I may wyt<i>er</i>ly wyt what þat wryt menes,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +shall be clothed in “gowns of purple.”</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1568" id="clean_line1568">1568</a></span> +He schal þe <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1568">gered</a> ful +gaye i<i>n</i> gounes of porpre,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +A collar of gold shall encircle his throat.</span> +<p>& a coler of cler golde clos vmbe his þrote;</p> +<span class="pagenum">82</span> +<a name="page82" id="page82"> </a> +<span class="sidenote"> +He shall be the third lord in the realm.</span> +<p>He schal be prymate & prynce of pure clergye,</p> +<p>& of my þreuenest lordeȝ þe þrydde he schal</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1572" id="clean_line1572">1572</a></span> +& of my reme þe rychest to ryde wyth myseluen,</p> +<p>Out-taken bare two & þe<i>n</i>ne he þe þrydde.’”</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +As soon as this cry was upcast, to the hall came clerks out of +Chaldea,</span> +<p>Þis cry watȝ vp-caste, & þer comen mony</p> +<p>Clerkes out of caldye þat ke<i>n</i>nest wer knauen,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1576" id="clean_line1576">1576</a></span> +As þe sage sathrapas þat sorsory couþe;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +witches and diviners, </span> +<p>Wycheȝ & walkyries wo<i>n</i>nen to þat sale,</p> +<p>Deuinores of demorlaykes þat dremes cowþe rede,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +sorcerers and exorcists.</span> +<p>Sorsers & exorsism<i>us</i> & fele such clerkes;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +But after looking on the letters they were as ignorant as if they had +looked into the leather of the left boot.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1580" id="clean_line1580">1580</a></span> +& alle þat loked on þat lett<i>er</i> as lewed þay were,</p> +<p>As þay had loked i<i>n</i> þe leþ<i>er</i> of my lyft bote.</p> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne cryes þe ky<i>n</i>g & kerues his wedes;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The king curses them all and calls them churls.</span> +<p>What! he corsed his clerkes & calde hem chorles,</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 79<i>a</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +He orders the harlots to be hanged.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1584" id="clean_line1584">1584</a></span> +To henge þe harlotes he heȝed ful ofte,</p> +<p>So watȝ þe wyȝe wytles, <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1585">he wed wel ner</a>.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The queen hears the king chide.</span> +<p>Ho herde hy<i>m</i> chyde to þe chambre þat watȝ þe chef quene;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +She inquires the cause.</span> +<p>When ho watȝ wyt<i>er</i>ed bi wyȝes what watȝ þe cause,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1588" id="clean_line1588">1588</a></span> +Suche a chau<i>n</i>gande chau<i>n</i>ce i<i>n</i> þe chef halle,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>lauce</i>] <i>lance</i> (?).</span> +<p>Þe lady to <span class="texttag">lauce</span> þat los þat þe lorde +hade,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Goes to the king, kneels before him,</span> +<p>Glydes dou<i>n</i> by þe grece & gos to þe ky<i>n</i>g;</p> +<p>Ho kneles on þe colde erþe & carpes to hy<i>m</i> seluen,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1592" id="clean_line1592">1592</a></span> +Wordes of worchyp wyth a wys speche.</p> +<p>“Kene ky<i>n</i>g,” q<i>uod</i> þe quene, “kayser of vrþe,</p> +<p>Eu<i>er</i> laste þy lyf i<i>n</i> lenþe of dayes;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and asks why he has rent his robes for grief,</span> +<p>Why hatȝ þou rended þy robe for redles here-i<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1596" id="clean_line1596">1596</a></span> +Þaȝ þose ledes ben lewed lettres to rede,</p> +<p>& hatȝ a haþel i<i>n</i> þy holde, as I haf herde ofte,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +when there is one that has the Spirit of God,</span> +<p>Þat hatȝ þe gostes of god þat gyes alle soþes;</p> +<p>His sawle is ful of syence, saȝes to schawe,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1600" id="clean_line1600">1600</a></span> +To open vch a hide þy<i>ng</i> of aunt<i>er</i>es vn-cowþe;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +the counsellor of Nebuchadnezzar,</span> +<p>Þat is he þat ful ofte hatȝ heuened þy fader</p> +<p>Of mony ang<i>er</i> ful hote w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> his holy speche.</p> +<p>When nabugo-de-noȝar watȝ nyed <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1603">i<i>n</i> stou<i>n</i>des</a>,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +the interpreter of his dreams,</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1604" id="clean_line1604">1604</a></span> +He de-vysed his dremes to þe dere trawþe,</p> +<p>He keu<i>er</i>ed hy<i>m</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> his cou<i>n</i>sayl +of caytyf wyrdes;</p> + +<span class="pagenum">83</span> +<a name="page83" id="page83"> </a> + +<p>Alle þat he <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1606">spured</a> +hym i<i>n</i> space he expowned clene,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +through the holy Spirit of God.</span> +<p>Þurȝ þe sped of þe spyryt þat sprad hy<i>m</i> +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-i<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1608" id="clean_line1608">1608</a></span> +Of þe godelest goddeȝ þat gaynes ay-where.</p> +<p>For his depe diuinité & his dere sawes,</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +DANIEL IS SENT FOR.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>by</i>] <i>be</i> (?).</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +The name of this man is Daniel,</span> +<p>Þy bolde fader baltaȝar bede <span class="texttag">by</span> his +name,</p> +<p>Þat now is demed danyel of derne coni<i>n</i>ges,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +who was brought a captive from Judæa.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1612" id="clean_line1612">1612</a></span> +Þat caȝt watȝ i<i>n</i> þe captyuidé i<i>n</i> cu<i>n</i>tre of +iues;</p> +<p>Nabuȝardan hy<i>m</i> nome & now is he here,</p> +<p>A prophete of þat prouince & pryce of þe worlde.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The queen tells the king to send for Daniel.</span> +<p>Sende i<i>n</i>-to þe ceté to seche hy<i>m</i> bylyue,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1616" id="clean_line1616">1616</a></span> +& wy<i>n</i>ne hy<i>m</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þe worchyp to wayne þe +bote,</p> +<p>& þaȝ þe mat<i>er</i> be merk þat merked is ȝender,</p> +<p>He schal de-clar hit also, as hit on clay stande.”</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>as</i>] MS. <i>as as</i>.</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +Her counsel is accepted.</span> +<p>Þat gode cou<i>n</i>seyl at þe quene watȝ cached <span class="texttag">as</span> swyþe,</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 79<i>b</i>.]</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1620" id="clean_line1620">1620</a></span> +Þe burne byfore baltaȝar watȝ broȝt i<i>n</i> a whyle,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Daniel comes before Belshazzar.</span> +<p>When he com bifore þe ky<i>n</i>g & clanly had halsed,</p> +<p>Baltaȝar vmbe-brayde hy<i>m</i> & “leue s<i>ir</i>,” he +sayde,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The king tells him that he has heard of his wisdom,</span> +<p>“Hit is tolde me bi tulkes, þat þ<i>o</i>u trwe were</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1624" id="clean_line1624">1624</a></span> +Profete of þat prouynce þat prayed my fader,</p> +<p>Ande þat þ<i>o</i>u hatȝ i<i>n</i> þy hert holy +co<i>n</i>ny<i>n</i>g,</p> +<p>Of sapyence þi sawle ful soþes to schawe;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and his power to discover hidden things,</span> +<p>Goddes gost is þe geuen þat gyes alle þy<i>n</i>g<i>es</i>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1628" id="clean_line1628">1628</a></span> +& þ<i>o</i>u vnhyles vch hidde þat heuen ky<i>n</i>g +my<i>n</i>tes;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and that he wants to know the meaning of the writing on the wall.</span> +<p>& here is a ferly byfallen, & I fayn wolde</p> +<p>Wyt þe wytte of þe wryt, þat on þe wowe clyues,</p> +<p>For alle calde clerkes han cowwardely fayled;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Promises him, if he can explain the text of the letters and their +interpretation,</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1632" id="clean_line1632">1632</a></span> +If þ<i>o</i>u w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> quay<i>n</i>tyse co<i>n</i>quere hit, I +quyte þe þy mede.</p> +<p>For if þ<i>o</i>u redes hit by ryȝt & hit to resou<i>n</i> +bry<i>n</i>ges,</p> +<p>Fyrst telle me þe tyxte of þe <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1634">tede</a> lettres,</p> +<p>& syþen þe mat<i>er</i> of þe mode, mene me +þ<i>er</i>-aft<i>er</i>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1636" id="clean_line1636">1636</a></span> +& I schal halde þe þe hest þat I þe hyȝt haue;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +to clothe him in purple and pall, and put a ring about his neck,</span> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1637">Apyke</a> þe i<i>n</i> +porpre cloþe, palle alþer-fynest,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and to make him “a baron upon bench.”</span> +<p>& þe byȝe of bryȝt golde abowte þy<i>n</i> nekke,</p> +<p>& þe þryd þryuenest þat þry<i>n</i>ges me aft<i>er</i>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1640" id="clean_line1640">1640</a></span> +Þ<i>o</i>u schal be barou<i>n</i> vpon benche, bede I þe no lasse.”</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +DANIEL DESCRIBES HOW NEBUCHADNEZZAR</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Daniel addresses the king,</span> +<p>Derfly þe<i>n</i>ne danyel deles þyse wordes:</p> + +<span class="pagenum">84</span> +<a name="page84" id="page84"> </a> + +<p><ins class="quotation" title="orphaned open quote">“Ryche</ins> +ky<i>n</i>g of þis rengne rede þe oure lorde,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and reminds him how that God supported his father,</span> +<p>Hit is surely soth, þe sou<i>er</i>ayn of heuen</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1644" id="clean_line1644">1644</a></span> +Fylsened eu<i>er</i> þy fader & vpon folde cheryched,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and gave him power to exalt or abase whomsoever he pleased.</span> +<p>Gart hy<i>m</i> grattest to be of gou<i>er</i>nores alle,</p> +<p>& alle þe worlde i<i>n</i> his wylle welde as hy<i>m</i> +lykes.</p> +<p>Who-so wolde wel do, wel hy<i>m</i> bityde,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1648" id="clean_line1648">1648</a></span> +& quos deth so he deȝyre he dreped als fast;</p> +<p>Who-so hy<i>m</i> lyked to lyft, on lofte watȝ he sone,</p> +<p>& quo-so hy<i>m</i> lyked to lay, watȝ <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1650">loȝed</a> bylyue.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Nebuchadnezzar was established</span> +<p>So watȝ noted þe note of nabugo-de-noȝar,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1652" id="clean_line1652">1652</a></span> +Styfly stabled þe rengne bi þe stronge dryȝty<i>n</i>,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +on account of his faith in God.</span> +<p>For of þe hyȝest he hade a hope i<i>n</i> his hert,</p> +<p>Þat vche <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1654">pou<i>er</i></a> past out of [þ]at prynce euen;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +So long as he remained true, no man was greater.</span> +<p>& whyle þat watȝ cleȝt clos i<i>n</i> his hert,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1656" id="clean_line1656">1656</a></span> +Þere watȝ no mon vpon molde of myȝt as hy<i>m</i> selue<i>n</i>,</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 80<i>a</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +But at last pride touches his heart.</span> +<p>Til hit bitide on a tyme, towched hy<i>m</i> pryde</p> +<p>For his lordeschyp so large, & his lyf ryche;</p> +<p>He hade so huge an insyȝt to his aune dedes,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He forgets the power of God, and blasphemes His name.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1660" id="clean_line1660">1660</a></span> +Þat þe power of þe hyȝe prynce he purely forȝetes.</p> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne bly<i>n</i>nes he not of blasfemyon to blame þe +dryȝty<i>n</i>,</p> +<p>His myȝt mete to goddes he made w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> his wordes:</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He says that he is “god of the ground,”</span> +<p>“I am god of þe grou<i>n</i>de, to gye as me lykes,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1664" id="clean_line1664">1664</a></span> +As he þat hyȝe is i<i>n</i> heuen his au<i>n</i>geles þ<i>a</i>t +weldes;</p> +<p>If he hatȝ formed þe folde & folk þ<i>er</i> vpone,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and the builder of Babylon.</span> +<p>I haf bigged babiloyne, burȝ alþ<i>er</i>-rychest,</p> +<p>Stabled þer-i<i>n</i>ne vche a ston i<i>n</i> strenkþe of my<i>n</i> +armes,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1668" id="clean_line1668">1668</a></span> +Moȝt neu<i>er</i> myȝt bot myn make such anoþ<i>er</i>.”</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Hardly had Nebuchadnezzar spoken,<br> +when God’s voice is heard, saying, “Thy principality is departed.</span> +<p>Watȝ not þis ilke worde wo<i>n</i>nen of his mowþe one,</p> +<p>Er þe<i>n</i>ne þe sou<i>er</i>ayn saȝe souned i<i>n</i> his +eres,</p> +<p>“Now nabugo-de-noȝar i<i>n</i>noȝe hatȝ spoken,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1672" id="clean_line1672">1672</a></span> +Now is alle þy pryncipalté past at ones,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Thou, removed from men, must abide on the moor, and walk with wild +beasts, eat herbs, and dwell with wolves and asses.”</span> +<p>& þ<i>o</i>u, remued fro mo<i>n</i>nes su<i>n</i>es, on mor most +abide,</p> +<p>& in <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1674">wast<ins class="correction" title="printed ‘ur’ corrected from Notes and 1864"><i>er</i></ins>ne</a> walk & wyth þe wylde <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1674">dowelle</a>,</p> +<p>As best, byte on þe bent of <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1675">braken</a> & erbes,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1676" id="clean_line1676">1676</a></span> +W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> wroþe wolfes to won & wyth wylde asses.”</p> +<p>In mydde þe poynt of his pryde de-parted he þere,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">85</span> +<a name="page85" id="page85"> </a> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +WAS PUNISHED FOR HIS PRIDE.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +For his pride he becomes an outcast.</span> +<p>Fro þe <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1678">soly</a> of his +solempneté, his solace he leues,</p> +<p>& carfully is out-kast to contré vnknawen,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1680" id="clean_line1680">1680</a></span> +Fer i<i>n</i>-to a fyr fryth þere frekes neu<i>er</i> comen.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He believes himself to be a bull or an ox.</span> +<p>His hert heldet vnhole, he hoped non oþ<i>er</i></p> +<p>Bot a best þat he be, a bol oþ<i>er</i> an oxe.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Goes “on all fours,”</span> +<p>He fares forth on alle faure, fogge watȝ his mete,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1684" id="clean_line1684">1684</a></span> +& ete <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1684">ay</a> as a +horce when erbes were fallen,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +like a cow,</span> +<p>Þus he cou<i>n</i>tes hy<i>m</i> a kow, þat watȝ a ky<i>n</i>g +ryche,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +for seven summers.</span> +<p>Quyle seuen syþeȝ were <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1686">ou<i>er</i>-seyed</a> som<i>er</i>es I trawe.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +His thighs grew thick.</span> +<p>By þat, mony þik thyȝe þryȝt vmbe his lyre,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1688" id="clean_line1688">1688</a></span> +Þat alle watȝ dubbed & dyȝt i<i>n</i> þe dew of heuen;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +His hair became matted and thick,<br> +from the shoulders to the toes.</span> +<p>Faxe fylt<i>er</i>ed, & felt flosed hy<i>m</i> vmbe,</p> +<p>Þat schad fro his schulderes to his schyre <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1690">wykes</a>,</p> +<p>& twenty-folde twyna<i>n</i>de hit to his tos raȝt</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1692" id="clean_line1692">1692</a></span> +Þer mony clyuy as <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1692">clyde</a> hit clyȝt to-geder.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +His beard touched the earth.</span> +<p>His berde I-brad alle his brest to þe bare vrþe,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +His brows were like briars.</span> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 80<i>b</i>.]</span> +<p>His browes <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1694">bresed</a> +as breres aboute his brode chekes;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +His eyes were hollow,<br> +and grey as the kite’s.</span> +<p>Holȝe were his yȝen & vnder <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1695">campe hores</a>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1696" id="clean_line1696">1696</a></span> +& al watȝ gray as þe <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1696">glede</a>, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> ful gry<i>m</i>me +clawres</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>paune</i>] ? <i>panne</i>.</span> +<p>Þat were croked & kene as þe kyte <span class="texttag">paune</span>;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Eagle-hued he was.</span> +<p>Erne-hwed he watȝ & al ou<i>er</i>-brawden,</p> +<p>Til he wyst ful wel who wroȝt alle myȝtes,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1700" id="clean_line1700">1700</a></span> +& cowþe vche kyndam tokerue & keu<i>er</i> when hy<i>m</i> +lyked;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +At last he recovered his “wit,”</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne he <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1701">wayned</a> hy<i>m</i> his wyt þat hade wo +soffered,</p> +<p>Þat he com to knawlach & ke<i>n</i>ned hy<i>m</i> seluen,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>laued</i>] <i>loued</i> (?).</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +and believed in God.</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne he <span class="texttag">laued</span> þat lorde & +leued i<i>n</i> trawþe,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1704" id="clean_line1704">1704</a></span> +Hit watȝ non oþ<i>er</i> þen he þat hade al i<i>n</i> honde.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Then soon was he restored to his seat.</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne sone watȝ he sende agayn, his sete restored;</p> +<p>His barou<i>n</i>es boȝed hy<i>m</i> to, blyþe of his come,</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1707">Haȝerly</a> i<i>n</i> +his aune hwe his heued watȝ cou<i>er</i>ed,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1708" id="clean_line1708">1708</a></span> +& so ȝeply watȝ ȝarked & ȝolden his state.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +But thou, Belshazzar, hast disregarded these signs,</span> +<p>Bot þ<i>o</i>u baltaȝar his barne & his bolde ayre,</p> +<p>Seȝ þese sy<i>n</i>gnes w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> syȝt & set hem at +lyttel,</p> +<p>Bot ay hatȝ hofen þy hert agaynes þe hyȝe dryȝt[y]n,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and hast blasphemed the Lord,</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1712" id="clean_line1712">1712</a></span> +W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> bobau<i>n</i>ce & w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> blasfamye +bost at hy<i>m</i> kest,</p> +<span class="pagenum">86</span> +<a name="page86" id="page86"> </a> +<span class="sidenote"> +defiled his vessels,</span> +<p>& now his vessayles <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1713">avyled</a> i<i>n</i> vanyté vnclene,</p> +<p>Þat i<i>n</i> his hows hy<i>m</i> to hono<i>ur</i> were +heue<i>n</i>ed of fyrst;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +filling them with wine for thy wenches,</span> +<p>Bifore þe barou<i>n</i>ȝ hatȝ hom broȝt, & byrled +þ<i>er</i>i<i>n</i>ne</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1716" id="clean_line1716">1716</a></span> +<a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1716">Wale wyne</a> to þy +wenches <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1716">i<i>n</i> waryed +stou<i>n</i>des</a>;</p> +<p>Bifore þy borde hatȝ þ<i>o</i>u broȝt beu<i>er</i>age i<i>n</i> +þede,</p> +<p>Þat blyþely were fyrst blest w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> bischopes hondes,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and praising thy lifeless gods.</span> +<p>Louande þeron lese goddeȝ, þat lyf haden neu<i>er</i>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1720" id="clean_line1720">1720</a></span> +Made of stokkes & stoneȝ þat neu<i>er</i> styry moȝt.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +For this sin God has sent thee this strange sight,</span> +<p>& for þat froþande fylþe, þe fader of heuen</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>Hatȝ sende</i>] MS. <i>hatȝ sende hatȝ sende</i>.</span> +<p><span class="texttag">Hatȝ sende</span> i<i>n</i>-to þis sale þise +syȝtes vncowþe,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +the fist with the fingers writing on the wall.</span> +<p>Þe fyste w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þe fy<i>n</i>g<i>er</i>es þat flayed þi +hert,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1724" id="clean_line1724">1724</a></span> +Þat rasped renyschly þe woȝe w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þe roȝ pe<i>n</i>ne.</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +THE INTERPRETATION OF THE HANDWRITING.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +These are the words:</span> +<p>Þise ar þe wordes here wryten w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-oute werk more,</p> +<p>By vch fygure, as I fynde, as oure fader lykes.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +“Mene, Tekel, Peres.</span> +<p>“Mane, techal, phares, merked i<i>n</i> þry<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1728" id="clean_line1728">1728</a></span> +Þat þretes þe of þy<i>n</i> vnþryfte vpon þre wyse;</p> +<p>Now expowne þe þis speche spedly I þenk.</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 81<i>a</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +Mene.— God has counted thy kingdom and finished it.</span> +<p>Mane menes als much as, maynful gode</p> +<p>Hatȝ cou<i>n</i>ted þy kyndam bi a clene nou<i>m</i>bre,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1732" id="clean_line1732">1732</a></span> +& ful-fylled hit i<i>n</i> fayth to þe fyrre ende.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Tekel.— Thy reign is weighed and is found wanting in deeds of +faith.</span> +<p>To teche þe of techal, þat terme þ<i>us</i> menes,</p> +<p>Þy wale rengne is walt i<i>n</i> weȝtes to heng,</p> +<p>& is fu<i>n</i>de ful fewe of hit fayth dedes.</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1736" id="clean_line1736">1736</a></span> +& phares folȝes for þose fawtes to frayst þe trawþe,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Peres.— Thy kingdom is divided<ins class="correction" title="text has . for ,">, </ins></span> +<p>In phares fynde I forsoþe þise felle saȝes;</p> +<p>De-parted is þy pryncipalté, depryued þ<i>o</i>u worþes,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and given to the Persians.</span> +<p>Þy rengne rafte is þe fro, & raȝt is þe perses,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The Medes shall be masters here.”</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1740" id="clean_line1740">1740</a></span> +Þe medes schal be mayst<i>er</i>es here, & þ<i>o</i>u of menske +schowued.”</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The king commands Daniel to be clothed in a frock of fine cloth.</span> +<p>Þe ky<i>n</i>g comau<i>n</i>ded anon to cleþe þ<i>a</i>t wyse,</p> +<p>In frokkes of fyn cloþ, as forward hit asked;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Soon is he arrayed in purple, with a chain about his neck.</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne sone watȝ danyel dubbed i<i>n</i> ful dere porpor</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>coler</i>] MS. <i>cloler</i>.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1744" id="clean_line1744">1744</a></span> +& a <span class="texttag">coler</span> of cler golde kest vmbe his +swyre.</p> +<p>Þe<i>n</i> watȝ demed a de-cre bi þe duk seluen,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +A decree is made, that all should bow to him,</span> +<p>Bolde baltaȝa[r] bed þat hy<i>m</i> bowe schulde</p> +<p>Þe comynes a lof calde þat to þe ky<i>n</i>g lo<i>n</i>ged,</p> +<span class="pagenum">87</span> +<a name="page87" id="page87"> </a> +<span class="sidenote"> +as the third lord that followed Belshazzar.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1748" id="clean_line1748">1748</a></span> +As to þe prynce pryuyest preued þe þrydde,</p> +<p>Heȝest of alle oþ<i>er</i>, saf onelych tweyne,</p> +<p>To boȝ aft<i>er</i> baltaȝar i<i>n</i> borȝe & i<i>n</i> +felde.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The decree was made known, and all were glad.</span> +<p>Þys watȝ cryed & knawen i<i>n</i> cort als fast,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1752" id="clean_line1752">1752</a></span> +& alle þe folk þer-of fayn þat folȝed hy<i>m</i> tylle;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The day, however, past.</span> +<p>Bot how-so danyel watȝ dyȝt, þat day ou<i>er</i>-ȝede,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Night came on.</span> +<p>Nyȝt neȝed ryȝt now w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> nyes fol mony,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Before another day dawned,<br> +Daniel’s words were fulfilled.</span> +<p>For <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1755">daȝed</a> +neu<i>er</i> an oþ<i>er</i> day þat ilk derk aft<i>er</i>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1756" id="clean_line1756">1756</a></span> +Er dalt were þat ilk dome þat danyel deuysed,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The feast lasts till the sun falls.</span> +<p>Þe solace of þe solempneté i<i>n</i> þat sale dured</p> +<p>Of þat farand fest, tyl fayled þe su<i>n</i>ne;</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>blykned</i>] <i>blaykned</i> (?)</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +The skies become dark.</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1759">blykned</a> þe ble of þe bryȝt skwes,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1760" id="clean_line1760">1760</a></span> +<a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1760">Mo<i>ur</i>kenes</a> þe +mery weder, & þe myst dryues</p> +<p>Þorȝ þe <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1761">lyst</a> of þe +lyfte, bi þe loȝ medoes;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Each noble hies home to his supper.</span> +<p>Vche haþel to his home hyȝes ful fast,</p> +<p>Seten at her sop<i>er</i> & songen þ<i>er</i>-aft<i>er</i>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1764" id="clean_line1764">1764</a></span> +Þen fou<i>n</i>deȝ vch a felaȝschyp fyrre at forþ naȝtes.</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +DARIUS LAYS SIEGE TO BABYLON.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Belshazzar is carried to bed, but never rises from it,</span> +<p>Baltaȝar to his bedd with blysse watȝ caryed,</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 81<i>b</i>.]</span> +<p>Reche þe rest as hy<i>m</i> lyst, he ros neu<i>er</i> +þer-aft<i>er</i>;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +for his foes are seeking to destroy his land, and are assembled +suddenly.</span> +<p>For his foes i<i>n</i> þe felde i<i>n</i> flokkes ful grete</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1768" id="clean_line1768">1768</a></span> +Þat longe hade <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1768">layted</a> +þat lede his londes to strye,</p> +<p>Now ar þay sodenly assembled at þe self tyme,</p> +<p>Of hem wyst no wyȝe þat i<i>n</i> þat won dowelled.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The enemy is Darius, leader of the Medes.</span> +<p>Hit watȝ þe dere daryus þe duk of þise medes,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1772" id="clean_line1772">1772</a></span> +Þe prowde prynce of perce & porros of ynde,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He has legions of armed men.</span> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> mony a legiou<i>n</i> ful large, +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1773">ledes +of armes</a>,</p> +<p>Þat now hatȝ spyed a space to spoyle caldeeȝ.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Under cover of the darkness, they cross the river.</span> +<p>Þay þrongen þeder i<i>n</i> þe <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1775">þest<i>er</i></a> on þrawen hepes,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1776" id="clean_line1776">1776</a></span> +Asscaped ou<i>er</i> þe skyre watt<i>er</i>es & scaþed þe +walles,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +By means of ladders they get upon the walls,</span> +<p>Lyfte laddres ful longe & vpon lofte wonen,</p> +<p>Stelen stylly þe tou<i>n</i> er any steue<i>n</i> rysed,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>nyȝt</i>] MS. <i>myȝt</i>.</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +and within an hour enter the city, without disturbing any of the +watch.</span> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-i<i>n</i>ne an oure of þe <span class="texttag">nyȝt</span> an entré þay hade;</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1780" id="clean_line1780">1780</a></span> +Ȝet afrayed þay no freke, fyrre þay passen,</p> +<p>& to þe palays pry<i>n</i>cipal þay aproched ful stylle;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +They run into the palace, and raise a great cry.</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne ran þay i<i>n</i> on a res, on rowtes ful grete,</p> +<p>Blastes out of bryȝt brasse brestes so hyȝe,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">88</span> +<a name="page88" id="page88"> </a> + +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1784" id="clean_line1784">1784</a></span> +Ascry scarred on þe scue þat scomfyted mony.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Men are slain in their beds.</span> +<p>Segges slepande were slayne er þay <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1785">slyppe</a> myȝt,</p> +<p>Vche ho<i>us</i> heyred watȝ, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-i<i>n</i>ne a +<a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1786">honde-whyle</a>;</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +BELSHAZZAR IS BEATEN TO DEATH.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Belshazzar is beaten to death,</span> +<p>Baltaȝar i<i>n</i> his bed watȝ beten to deþe,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1788" id="clean_line1788">1788</a></span> +Þat boþe his blod & his brayn <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1788">blende</a> on þe cloþes;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and caught by the heels, is foully cast into a ditch.</span> +<p>The ky<i>n</i>g i<i>n</i> his cortyn watȝ kaȝt bi þe heles,</p> +<p>Feryed out bi þe fete & fowle dispysed;</p> +<p>Þat watȝ so doȝty þat day & drank of þe vessayl,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1792" id="clean_line1792">1792</a></span> +<a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1792">Now is a dogge al so +dere</a> þat in a dych lygges;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Darius is crowned king,</span> +<p>For þe mayst<i>er</i> of þyse medes on þe morne ryses,</p> +<p>Dere daryo<i>us</i> þat day dyȝt vpon trone,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and makes peace with the barons.</span> +<p>Þat ceté seses ful sou<i>n</i>de, & saȝtly<i>n</i>g makes</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1796" id="clean_line1796">1796</a></span> +Wyth alle þe barou<i>n</i>ȝ þ<i>er</i>-aboute, þat bowed hy<i>m</i> +aft<i>er</i>.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Thus the land was lost for the king’s sin.</span> +<p>& þ<i>us</i> watȝ þat londe lost for þe lordes sy<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<p>& þe fylþe of þe freke þat defowled hade</p> +<p>Þe orne-mentes of goddeȝ ho<i>us</i> þat holy were maked;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He was cursed for his uncleanness,</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1800" id="clean_line1800">1800</a></span> +He watȝ corsed for his vn-cla<i>n</i>nes, & cached +þ<i>er</i>-i<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<p>Done dou<i>n</i> of his dy<i>n</i>gneté for dedeȝ vnfayre,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and deprived of his honour, as well as of the joys of heaven.</span> +<p>& of þyse worldes worchyp wrast out for eu<i>er</i>,</p> +<p>& ȝet of lyky<i>n</i>ges on lofte letted, I trowe,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Thus in three ways has it been shown,</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1804" id="clean_line1804">1804</a></span> +To loke on oure lofly lorde late bitydes.</p> +<p>Þus vpon þry<i>n</i>ne wyses I haf yow þro schewed,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +that uncleanness</span> +<p>Þat vn-cla<i>n</i>nes to-cleues i<i>n</i> corage dere</p> +<p>Of þat wy<i>n</i>nelych lorde þat wonyes i<i>n</i> heuen,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>telled</i>] <i>telles</i> (?).</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +makes God angry.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1808" id="clean_line1808">1808</a></span> +Entyses hy<i>m</i> to be tene, <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1808">telled</a> vp his wrake;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Cleanness is His comfort.</span> +<p>Ande cla<i>n</i>nes is his comfort, & coyntyse he louyes,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The seemly shall see his face.</span> +<p>& þose þat seme arn & swete schy<i>n</i> se his face.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +God give us grace to serve in His sight!</span> +<p>Þat we gon gay i<i>n</i> oure <a class="noteref" href="#clean_note1811">gere</a> þat g<i>ra</i>ce he v<i>us</i> sende,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="clean_line1812" id="clean_line1812">1812</a></span> +Þat we may serue i<i>n</i> his syȝt, þ<i>er</i> solace neu<i>er</i> +bly<i>n</i>neȝ.<br> +Amen.</p> + +</div> + + +<div class="notes"> + +<span class="pagenum">108</span> +<h4 class="smallcaps"><a name="clean_notes" id="clean_notes"> +Notes to Cleanness.</a></h4> + +<hr class="micro"> + +<p class="mynote"> +The Notes were printed in a group, immediately before the Index. They +have been distributed among the three poems for convenience.</p> + +<table class="notes" summary="two columns of text"> +<tr> +<td class="full"><p>Page 37.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note3" id="clean_note3" href="#cleanness">3</a> +<i>forering</i> = <i>for-bering</i>. (?)</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note10" id="clean_note10" href="#clean_line8">10</a> <i>reken</i>, reverently, solemnly.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note12" id="clean_note12" href="#clean_line12">12</a> <i>cleche gret mede</i>, take great reward.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note16" id="clean_note16" href="#clean_line16">16</a> <i>& hym to greme cachen</i>, and him to +wrath drive.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note18" id="clean_note18" href="#clean_line16">18</a> <i>hagherlych</i>, fitly, decently.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note21" id="clean_note21" href="#clean_line20">21</a> <i>scoymous & skyg</i>, scrupulous and +particular; <i>skyg</i> implies dread, fear, shyness.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note23" id="clean_note23" href="#clean_line20">23</a> <i>in a carp</i>, in a discourse.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note24" id="clean_note24" href="#clean_line24">24</a> <i>heuened aȝt happeȝ</i>, exhibited eight +blessings.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note25" id="clean_note25" href="#clean_line24">25</a> <i>me myneȝ</i>, I remember.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">109</span> +<a name="page109" id="page109"> </a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 38.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note27" id="clean_note27" href="#clean_line24">27</a> <i>hapeneȝ</i>, is happy, blessed.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note29" id="clean_note29" href="#clean_line28">29</a> <i>as so saytȝ</i>, as one says.</p> + +<p class="float"><a name="clean_note32" id="clean_note32" href="#clean_line32">32</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>May not byde þat burne</i> (? <i>burre</i>) <i>þat hit his body +neȝen</i>,</p> +<p class="gloss">May not abide (suffer) that man (? blow), that it (? +he) should approach his body.</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="clean_note39" id="clean_note39" href="#clean_line36">39</a> <i>helded</i>, approached.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note41" id="clean_note41" href="#clean_line40">41</a> <i>toteȝ</i> = <i>totȝ</i> = toes.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note49" id="clean_note49" href="#clean_line48">49</a> <i>worþlych</i>, worshipful (? <i>worldlych</i>, +worldly).</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note50" id="clean_note50" href="#clean_line48">50</a> <i>in her</i> (? <i>herin</i>).</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note52" id="clean_note52" href="#clean_line52">52</a> <i>here dere</i>, beloved heir.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note54" id="clean_note54" href="#clean_line52">54</a> <i>comly quoyntis</i>, comely attire.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note56" id="clean_note56" href="#clean_line56">56</a> <i>with sclaȝt</i>, against (for) slaughter.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note59" id="clean_note59" href="#clean_line56">59</a> <i>roþeled</i>, ready prepared, literally +hastened.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note62" id="clean_note62" href="#clean_line60">62</a> <i>skyly</i>, device, excuse.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 39.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note65" id="clean_note65" href="#clean_line64">65</a> <i>nayed</i>, refused; <i>nurned</i>, +uttered.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note71" id="clean_note71" href="#clean_line68">71</a> <i>a-dreȝ</i>, aback, aside.</p> + +<p class="float"><a name="clean_note76" id="clean_note76" href="#clean_line76">76</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>More to wyte is her wrange, þen any wylle gentyl</i>,</p> +<p class="gloss">More to blame is their fault, than any forlorn +gentile.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Wylle</i> has the significations of wandering, astray; as “<i>wyl +dremes</i>,” wandering dreams, “<i>wylle of wone</i>,” astray from human +habitations, having lost one’s way; and hence <i>wylle</i> is often used +to denote uncertainty, bewilderment.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note81" id="clean_note81" href="#clean_line80">81</a> <i>laþeȝ</i>, invite.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note90" id="clean_note90" href="#clean_line88">90</a> <i>styȝtled</i>, established, placed.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note91" id="clean_note91" href="#clean_line88">91</a> <i><ins class="correction" title="printed as shown: Main text has ‘with’">þe</ins> marchal</i>, i.e. the marshal of +the hall, whose duty it was, at public festivals, to place every person +according to his rank and station.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note95" id="clean_note95" href="#clean_line92">95</a> <i>at þi banne</i>, at thy command.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note96" id="clean_note96" href="#clean_line96">96</a> <i>renischche renkeȝ</i>, strange men.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note97" id="clean_note97" href="#clean_line96">97</a> <i>layteȝ ȝet ferre</i>, search yet farther.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 40.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note99" id="clean_note99" href="#clean_line96">99</a> <i>wayteȝ</i>, watch.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note103" id="clean_note103" href="#clean_line100">103</a> <i>balterande cruppeleȝ</i>, limping cripples. +<i>Balter</i> signifies to jump, skip, hop, etc.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note110" id="clean_note110" href="#clean_line108">110</a> <i>demed</i>, decreed.</p> + +<p class="float"><a name="clean_note112" id="clean_note112" href="#clean_line112">112</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>Hit weren not alle on wyueȝ suneȝ, wonen with on fader</i>,</p> +<p class="gloss">They were not all one wife’s sons, begotten with one +father.</p> +</div> + +<p class="float"><a name="clean_note127" id="clean_note127" href="#clean_line124">127</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>& rehayte rekenly þe riche & þe poueren</i>,</p> +<p class="gloss">And cheer, prince-like (nobly), the rich and the +poor.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Rehete</i> is the most common form of the word:</p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Him would I comforte and <i>rehete</i>.” —Rom. Rose, +l. 6509.</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="clean_note131" id="clean_note131" href="#clean_line128">131</a> <i>syled fyrre</i>, proceeded farther.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note132" id="clean_note132" href="#clean_line132">132</a> <i>Tron fro table to table</i>, went from table +to table. <i>Tron</i> is the pret. of the verb <i>tryne</i>, to go, +walk.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 41.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note134" id="clean_note134" href="#clean_line132">134</a> <i>Hit watȝ not</i>, there was one (who) was +not.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note135" id="clean_note135" href="#clean_line132">135</a> <i>þryȝt</i>, thrust; +<i>unþryuandely</i>, badly.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note144" id="clean_note144" href="#clean_line144">144</a> <i>ratted</i>, rent, torn.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note145" id="clean_note145" href="#clean_line144">145</a> <i>goun febele</i>. Cf. <i>feble wede</i>, bad +or poor clothing. —Havelok the Dane, l. 418.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note149" id="clean_note149" href="#clean_line148">149</a> <i>broþe wordeȝ</i>, angry (fierce) words.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note150" id="clean_note150" href="#clean_line148">150</a> <i>Hurkele</i>, cower, hang. <i>Hurkele</i> +signifies, literally, to squat, nestle, rest.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note153" id="clean_note153" href="#clean_line152">153</a> <i>laled</i>, spoke (quickly).</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note164" id="clean_note164" href="#clean_line164">164</a> <i>fulȝed</i>, baptised.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note166" id="clean_note166" href="#clean_line164">166</a> <i>harme lache</i>, take hurt.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 42.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note179" id="clean_note179" href="#clean_line176">179</a> <i>As</i>, also; <i>bolnande priyde</i>, +swelling pride.</p> + +<p class="float"><a name="clean_note180" id="clean_note180" href="#clean_line180">180</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>Þroly in-to þe deueleȝ þrote man þryngeȝ bylyue</i>,</p> +<p class="gloss">Roughly into the devil’s throat man is thrust +soon.</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="clean_note181" id="clean_note181" href="#clean_line180">181</a> <i>colwarde</i>, deceitful, treacherous. I have +not been able to meet with the word <i>colle</i> used as noun or verb in +any writer of the 14th or 15th century. <i>Col</i> occurs, however, as a +prefix, in <i>Col-prophet</i> (false prophet), <i>Col-fox</i> (crafty +fox), used by Chaucer; <i>Col-knyfe</i> (treacherous knife), which +occurs in the “Townley Mysteries.”</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note200" id="clean_note200" href="#clean_line200">200</a> <i>hatel of his wylle</i>, anger of his +will.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 43.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note207" id="clean_note207" href="#clean_line204">207</a> <i>attled</i>, endowed.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note215" id="clean_note215" href="#clean_line212">215</a> <i>metȝ</i> = <i>mess</i> (?), pity.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note216" id="clean_note216" href="#clean_line216">216</a> <i>tynt þe tyþe dool</i>, lost the tenth +part.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note222" id="clean_note222" href="#clean_line220">222</a> <i>weued</i>, cut off. <i>swap</i>, +blow.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note230" id="clean_note230" href="#clean_line228">230</a> <i>þe wrech saȝtled</i>, appeased the +vengeance.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note231" id="clean_note231" href="#clean_line228">231</a> <i>wylnesful</i>, wilfulness.</p> + +<p class="float"><a name="clean_note233" id="clean_note233" href="#clean_line232">233</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>For-þy þaȝ þe rape were rank, þe rawþe watȝ lyttel</i>,</p> +<p class="gloss">Wherefore, though the blow were smart, the sorrow was +little.</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="clean_note237" id="clean_note237" href="#clean_line236">237</a> <i>in obedyent</i> = <i>in-obedyent</i> (?), +disobedient.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">110</span> +<a name="page110" id="page110"> </a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 44.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note246" id="clean_note246" href="#clean_line244">246</a> <i>drepe</i>, destroy (slay).</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note257" id="clean_note257" href="#clean_line256">257</a> <i>forme-foster</i> should be +<i>forme-fostereȝ</i>, being in apposition with <i>auncetereȝ</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note261" id="clean_note261" href="#clean_line260">261</a> For <i>lede</i> read <i>ledeȝ</i> (?).</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note270" id="clean_note270" href="#clean_line268">270</a> <i>deȝter of þe douþe</i>, the daughters of the +mighty (doughty) ones.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note271" id="clean_note271" href="#clean_line268">271</a> <i>on folken wyse</i>, after the manner of +men.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 45.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note273" id="clean_note273" href="#clean_line272">273</a> <i>meþeleȝ</i>, immoderate, intemperate.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note274" id="clean_note274" href="#clean_line272">274</a> <i>alosed</i>, (? noted).</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note298" id="clean_note298" href="#clean_line296">298</a> <i>þryuen</i>, grown up, adult.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note306" id="clean_note306" href="#clean_line304">306</a> <i>nwyed</i> = annoyed, <i>i.e.</i> +displeased.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 46.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note320" id="clean_note320" href="#clean_line320">320</a> <i>dutande</i>, shutting.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note321" id="clean_note321" href="#clean_line320">321</a> <i>halkeȝ</i>, recesses.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note331" id="clean_note331" href="#clean_line328">331</a> <i>þis meyny of aȝte</i>, this company +(household) of eight.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note335" id="clean_note335" href="#clean_line332">335</a> <i>horwed</i>, unclean.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 47.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note350" id="clean_note350" href="#clean_line348">350</a> <i>with-outen þrep</i>, without contradiction, +gainsaying.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note354" id="clean_note354" href="#clean_line352">354</a> <i>a rowtande ryge</i>, a rattling shower.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note359" id="clean_note359" href="#clean_line356">359</a> <i>stysteȝ</i> = <i>stynteȝ</i> stops, +ceases.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note362" id="clean_note362" href="#clean_line360">362</a> <i>& alle woned in þe whichche</i>, and all +abode in the ark. <i>Whichche</i> is another (and genuine) form of +<i>hutch</i>.</p> + +<p class="float"><a class="error" name="clean_note364" id="clean_note364" href="#clean_line364" title="text reads ‘365’">364</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>Waltes out vch walle-heued, in ful wode stremeȝ</i>,</p> +<p class="gloss">Bursts out each well-head (spring, fountain) in full +wild streams.</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="clean_note365" id="clean_note365" href="#clean_line364">365</a> <i>brymme</i>, stream.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note366" id="clean_note366" href="#clean_line364">366</a> <i>þe mukel lauande loghe</i>, the great +flowing deep.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note369" id="clean_note369" href="#clean_line368">369</a> <i>fon</i>, ceased.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note373" id="clean_note373" href="#clean_line372">373</a> <i>moon</i>, moan, sorrow.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note374" id="clean_note374" href="#clean_line372">374</a> <i>dowed</i>, availed.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note375" id="clean_note375" href="#clean_line372">375</a> <i>wylger</i>, wilder, fiercer.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note376" id="clean_note376" href="#clean_line376">376</a> <i>dowelled</i> = <i>dwelled</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note377" id="clean_note377" href="#clean_line376">377</a> <i>feng to þe flyȝt</i>, took to flight.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note378" id="clean_note378" href="#clean_line376">378</a> <i>Vuche burde with her barne</i>, each woman +with her child (bairn).</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 48.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note379" id="clean_note379" href="#clean_line376">379</a> <i>bowed</i>, hastened; <i>brentest</i>, +highest, steepest.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note380" id="clean_note380" href="#clean_line380">380</a> <i>heterly</i>, quickly, (hotly); <i>haled</i>, +rushed.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note381" id="clean_note381" href="#clean_line380">381</a> <i>Bot al watȝ nedleȝ her note</i>, but their +device was altogether in vain.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note382" id="clean_note382" href="#clean_line380">382</a> <i>þe roȝe raynande ryg</i>, the rough raining +shower; <i>raykande waweȝ</i>, flowing waves.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note383" id="clean_note383" href="#clean_line380">383</a> <i>boþom</i>, a <i>bottom</i> or valley.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note384" id="clean_note384" href="#clean_line384">384</a> <i>demmed</i>, collected, accumulated.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note391" id="clean_note391" href="#clean_line388">391</a> <i>þe hyȝe</i>, the heights, high grounds.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note392" id="clean_note392" href="#clean_line392">392</a> <i>bauseneȝ</i>, badgers.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note394" id="clean_note394" href="#clean_line392">394</a> <i>re-coverer</i>, succour, refuge.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note395" id="clean_note395" href="#clean_line392">395</a> <i>Þat amounted</i>, etc., read <i>Þat amounted +þe mase</i>, etc., that the astonishment increased. (Professor +Child).</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note397" id="clean_note397" href="#clean_line396">397</a> <i>Bi þat</i>, by that time. This phrase is +still preserved in the North of England.</p> + +<p class="float"><a name="clean_note399" id="clean_note399" href="#clean_line396">399</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>Frendeȝ, fellen in fere, faþmed to-geder</i>.</p> +<p class="gloss">Friends, fallen in company, <i>embraced</i> +(fathomed) together.</p> +</div> + +<p>The verb <i>faþme</i> in Early English also signifies to +<i>grope</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note400" id="clean_note400" href="#clean_line400">400</a> <i>dryȝ</i>, suffer; <i>delful</i>, +doleful.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note404" id="clean_note404" href="#clean_line404">404</a> <i>freten</i>, devoured; <i>waȝeȝ</i>, +waves.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note406" id="clean_note406" href="#clean_line404">406</a> <i>hurkled</i>, rested. This word is still +preserved in the local dialects of the North of England, with the sense +of “to cower,” “squat.”</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note407" id="clean_note407" href="#clean_line404">407</a> <i>mourkne</i>, rotten.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note409" id="clean_note409" href="#clean_line408">409</a> <i>here</i>, company.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note411" id="clean_note411" href="#clean_line408">411</a> <i>aȝt-sum</i>, in care, sorrowful.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note413" id="clean_note413" href="#clean_line412">413</a> <i>hurlande goteȝ</i>, rushing streams.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note414" id="clean_note414" href="#clean_line412">414</a> <ins class="correction" title="text reads ‘kytheȝ, vncouþe’"><i>kytheȝ vncouþe</i></ins>, unknown regions.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 49.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note421" id="clean_note421" href="#clean_line420">421</a> <i>flyt</i>, current, flitting.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note424" id="clean_note424" href="#clean_line424">424</a> <i>lumpen</i>, the passive participle of +<i>lympen</i>, to befal, happen.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note430" id="clean_note430" href="#clean_line428">430</a> <i>yreȝ</i> is evidently an error for +<i>yþeȝ</i>, waves.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note433" id="clean_note433" href="#clean_line432">433</a> <i>Rac</i>, moving clouds, mists. Still in +provincial use.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note436" id="clean_note436" href="#clean_line436">436</a> <i>meth</i>, pity, mercy.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note438" id="clean_note438" href="#clean_line436">438</a> <i>lasned</i>, lessened, became smaller.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note439" id="clean_note439" href="#clean_line436">439</a> <i>stac vp þe stangeȝ</i>, closed up the pools. +<i>Stang</i> = <i>stanc</i>, <i>stank</i>, a word still used in the +North of England.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note441" id="clean_note441" href="#clean_line440">441</a> <i>loȝ</i> = <i>logh</i>, deep.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note443" id="clean_note443" href="#clean_line440">443</a> <i>lome</i> = <i>loom</i>, i.e., the ark.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note446" id="clean_note446" href="#clean_line444">446</a> <i>rasse</i> = the provincial <i>raise</i>, a +mound.</p> + +<p><a class="error" name="clean_note449" id="clean_note449" href="#clean_line448" title="second note numbered 448 and printed on previous line">449</a> <i>kyste</i> = chest (ark); <i>wern</i> = +<i>were</i> (?).</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 50.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note451" id="clean_note451" href="#clean_line448">451</a> <i>eggeȝ</i>, <i>edges</i>, banks, hills; + <i>vnhuled</i>, uncovered.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note452" id="clean_note452" href="#clean_line452">452</a> <i>bynne</i>, within. Cf. <i>boute</i>, +without.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note461" id="clean_note461" href="#clean_line460">461</a> <i>smach</i> <ins class="correction" title="printed in italics">smack, scent</ins>; <i>smoltes</i> (? +<i>smolte</i>, i.e. smelt).</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note463" id="clean_note463" href="#clean_line460">463</a> <i>ȝederly</i>, quickly, soon; +<i>steuen</i>, command, literally voice.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note466" id="clean_note466" href="#clean_line464">466</a> <i>fodeȝ</i>, persons; <i>elleȝ</i>, +provided that.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note469" id="clean_note469" href="#clean_line468">469</a> <i>doune</i> = <i>dovene</i>, a female dove +(see line 481).</p> + +<span class="pagenum">111</span> +<a name="page111" id="page111"> </a> + +<p><a name="clean_note476" id="clean_note476" href="#clean_line476">476</a> <i>dreȝly</i>, drearily, sorrowfully.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note480" id="clean_note480" href="#clean_line480">480</a> <i>naytly</i>, dexterously (neatly).</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note482" id="clean_note482" href="#clean_line480">482</a> <i>borne</i> = <i>burne</i>, stream.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note483" id="clean_note483" href="#clean_line480">483</a> <i>skwe</i>, sky, cloud; <i>skowteȝ</i>, +looks.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 51.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note485" id="clean_note485" href="#clean_line484">485</a> <i>downe</i> = <i>dovene</i> (see ll. <a href="#clean_line468">469</a>, <a href="#clean_line480">481</a>).</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note487" id="clean_note487" href="#clean_line484">487</a> <i>What!</i> lo!</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note490" id="clean_note490" href="#clean_line488">490</a> <i>saȝtlyng</i>, reconciliation.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note496" id="clean_note496" href="#clean_line496">496</a> <i>woned</i> = <i>waned</i>, decreased, gone +down.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note498" id="clean_note498" href="#clean_line496">498</a> <i>tyned</i>, enclosed.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note499" id="clean_note499" href="#clean_line496">499</a> <i>godeȝ glam</i>, God’s message (word); +<i>glod</i>, came, literally glided.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note501" id="clean_note501" href="#clean_line500">501</a> <i>walt wafte</i> (?) (see <ins class="correction" title="printed as shown (‘B.’ superfluous)">B.</ins> +<a href="#clean_line856">l. 857</a>).</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note504" id="clean_note504" href="#clean_line504">504</a> <i>þroly þrublande in þronge</i>, quickly +pressing in throng (crowd), <i>i.e.</i>, huddling together.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note509" id="clean_note509" href="#clean_line508">509</a> <i>breþe</i>, steam, savour.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note511" id="clean_note511" href="#clean_line508">511</a> <i>spedeȝ & spylleȝ</i>, prospers (speeds) +and spoils.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note517" id="clean_note517" href="#clean_line516">517</a> <i>barnage</i>, childhood.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 52.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note525" id="clean_note525" href="#clean_line524">525</a> <i>sadde</i>, sharp, bitter.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note529" id="clean_note529" href="#clean_line528">529</a> <i>þen watȝ a skylly skyualde</i>, then was a +design (purpose) manifested (ordered).</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note531" id="clean_note531" href="#clean_line528">531</a> <i>nayte</i>, use, employ.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note533" id="clean_note533" href="#clean_line532">533</a> <i>wryþeȝ</i>, crawl, creep.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note534" id="clean_note534" href="#clean_line532">534</a> <i>folmarde</i>, polecat.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note536" id="clean_note536" href="#clean_line536">536</a> <i>lake ryftes</i>, fissures of the lake.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note537" id="clean_note537" href="#clean_line536">537</a> <i>Herneȝ</i> = <i>erneȝ</i>, eagles.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note539" id="clean_note539" href="#clean_line536">539</a> <i>at a brayde</i>, in a moment.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 53.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note558" id="clean_note558" href="#clean_line556">558</a> <i>merked</i>, ordained.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note561" id="clean_note561" href="#clean_line560">561</a> <i>raȝt</i>, extended to, gave.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note566" id="clean_note566" href="#clean_line564">566</a> <i>syt</i>, fault.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note567" id="clean_note567" href="#clean_line564">567</a> <i>quykeȝ</i>, living (things); <i>qued</i>, +wickedness.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note573" id="clean_note573" href="#clean_line572">573</a> <i>vnhappen glette</i>, unfortunate filth, +unhappy sin.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note579" id="clean_note579" href="#clean_line576">579</a> <i>heþyng of seluen</i>, contempt of [God’s] +self.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note583" id="clean_note583" href="#clean_line580">583</a> <i>steppe yȝe</i>, bright eye; <i>steppe</i> = +<i>stepe</i> is often explained by steep, deep set; but we often meet +with such phrases as “<i>stepe</i> stones,” bright stones, “<i>stepe</i> +starres,” bright stars.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note586" id="clean_note586" href="#clean_line584">586</a> <i>losed þe listen</i>, lost the hearing; +<i>lysten</i>, in O.E. has frequently the meaning of <i>to hear</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note587" id="clean_note587" href="#clean_line584">587</a> <i>trave</i> = <i>trawe</i>, trow, believe.</p> + +<p class="float"><a name="clean_note588" id="clean_note588" href="#clean_line588">588</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>þer is no dede so derne þat ditteȝ his yȝen</i>.</p> +<p class="gloss">There is no deed so secret that closes His eyes +(<i>i.e.</i> that He does not see).</p> +</div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 54.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note591" id="clean_note591" href="#clean_line588">591</a> <i>gropande</i>, searching, examining.</p> + +<p class="float"><a name="clean_note592" id="clean_note592" href="#clean_line592">592</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>Rypande of vche a ring þe reynyeȝ & hert</i></p> +<p class="gloss">Trying (probing) the reins and heart of every +man.</p> +</div> + +<p><i>Rype</i> is still used in the North of England in the sense of to +plunder. Cf. our modern use of the word <i>ransack</i> with its earlier +meanings of to try, probe, search.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note596" id="clean_note596" href="#clean_line596">596</a> <i>honyseȝ</i>, disgraces, ruins, destroys.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note598" id="clean_note598" href="#clean_line596">598</a> <i>scarreȝ</i>, literally <i>scares</i>, is +frightened, startled.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note599" id="clean_note599" href="#clean_line596">599</a> <i>to drawe allyt</i> = <i>to draw a lyte</i> = +to draw back a little.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note603" id="clean_note603" href="#clean_line600">603</a> <i>blykked</i>, shone, glared.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note605" id="clean_note605" href="#clean_line604">605</a> <i>schunt</i>, aside, from <i>schunt</i>, to +slip away, retreat.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 55.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note623" id="clean_note623" href="#clean_line620">623</a> <i>orppedly</i>, quickly, hastily.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note626" id="clean_note626" href="#clean_line624">626</a> <i>happe</i>, cover, still in use in the north +provincial dialects.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note627" id="clean_note627" href="#clean_line624">627</a> <i>som quat fat</i>, some sort of a vessel; + <i>þe fyr bete</i>, make up the fire; <i>bete</i> signifies, +literally, to mend.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note632" id="clean_note632" href="#clean_line632">632</a> <i>deruely</i> = <i>derfely</i>, quickly.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note635" id="clean_note635" href="#clean_line632">635</a> <i>þerue kakeȝ</i> = <i>therfe</i> or +<i>tharfe</i> cakes, <i>i.e.</i>, cakes made without leaven.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note646" id="clean_note646" href="#clean_line644">646</a> <i>mensk</i>, thanks.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note648" id="clean_note648" href="#clean_line648">648</a> <i>leþe</i>, cease.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note652" id="clean_note652" href="#clean_line652">652</a> <i>ȝark</i>, select, chosen.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note653" id="clean_note653" href="#clean_line652">653</a> <i>for busmar</i>, in scorn.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note654" id="clean_note654" href="#clean_line652">654</a> <i>sothly</i> = truly (? <i>sotly</i>, +foolishly or <i>softly</i>).</p> + +<p class="mynote"> +Numbered 655 and printed after following note. The word “sothely” also +occurs in 657, but the text note (“sotly...”) refers to 654.</p> + +<p class="float"><a name="clean_note655" id="clean_note655" href="#clean_line652">655</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>May þou traw for tykel þat þou tonne moȝteȝ</i>,</p> +<p class="gloss">Mayst thou trow (believe) for the uncertainty (of +such a thing) that thou mightest conceive;</p> +</div> + +<p><i>for tykel</i>, on account of the uncertainty.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 56.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note659" id="clean_note659" href="#clean_line656">659</a> <i>byene</i> = <i>ben</i>, been or +<i>bycame</i>. The sense would require <i>hade</i> before <i>byene</i>, +if <i>byene</i> = <i>ben</i>.</p> + +<p class="float"><a name="clean_note668" id="clean_note668" href="#clean_line668">668</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>Þat for lot þat þay lansed ho laȝed neuer</i>,</p> +<p class="gloss">That for (any) sound that they uttered, she never +laughed;</p> +</div> + +<p><i>lot</i> = late, in the sense of <i>sound</i>, is not very common +in Old English authors.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note670" id="clean_note670" href="#clean_line668">670</a> <i>a-loȝ</i> = lowly, softly.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note686" id="clean_note686" href="#clean_line684">686</a> <i>blod</i>, child.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note687" id="clean_note687" href="#clean_line684">687</a> <i>bos</i>, behoves.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note688" id="clean_note688" href="#clean_line688">688</a> <i>atlyng</i>, intention, purpose; +<i>vn-haspe</i>, disclose.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">112</span> +<a name="page112" id="page112"> </a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 57.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note696" id="clean_note696" href="#clean_line696">696</a> <i>fylter</i>, join.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note698" id="clean_note698" href="#clean_line696">698</a> <i>amed</i>, placed; <i>oddely dere</i>, +singularly dear. <i>Oddely</i> occurs in some northern works with the +sense of illustriously, nobly.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note699" id="clean_note699" href="#clean_line696">699</a> <i>drwry</i>, love; <i>doole +alþer-swettest</i>, the sweetest of all gifts; gift the sweetest of +all.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note703" id="clean_note703" href="#clean_line700">703</a> <i>conne</i> is probably an error for +<i>come</i>, but it may signify, be kindled, produced, begotten.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note706" id="clean_note706" href="#clean_line704">706</a> <i>stollen</i>, stealthy, secret.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note711" id="clean_note711" href="#clean_line708">711</a> <i>smod</i> = the Scotch <i>smot</i>, +<i>smad</i>, stain, filth.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note719" id="clean_note719" href="#clean_line716">719</a> <i>þe worre half</i>, the weaker portion, +literally, the worse half.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note723" id="clean_note723" href="#clean_line720">723</a> <i>laue</i>, law.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 58.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note732" id="clean_note732" href="#clean_line732">732</a> <i>smolt</i>, be at peace.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note740" id="clean_note740" href="#clean_line740">740</a> <i>for hortyng</i>, for hurting = for fear of +hurting. This sense of <i>for</i> is very common in writers of the 16th +and 17th centuries.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note743" id="clean_note743" href="#clean_line740">743</a> <i>fryst</i>, delay, put off.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note747" id="clean_note747" href="#clean_line744">747</a> <i>vsle</i>, ashes, cinders.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note752" id="clean_note752" href="#clean_line752">752</a> <i>leþe</i>, destroy.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note754" id="clean_note754" href="#clean_line752">754</a> <i>I schal my þro steke</i>, I shall moderate +(literally, shut up) my anger.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note756" id="clean_note756" href="#clean_line756">756</a> <i>reken</i>, wise.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 59.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note764" id="clean_note764" href="#clean_line764">764</a> <i>mese þy mode</i>, temper thy wrath.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note778" id="clean_note778" href="#clean_line776">778</a> <i>mere</i>, boundary, <i>meer</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note784" id="clean_note784" href="#clean_line784">784</a> <i>lened</i> = leaned, reclined; but we may +read <i>leued</i> = <i>beleued</i>, remained.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 60.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note796" id="clean_note796" href="#clean_line796">796</a> <i>vnder-ȝede</i> = <i>vnder-ȝete</i>, +understood.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note801" id="clean_note801" href="#clean_line800">801</a> <i>knaueȝ kote</i>, servant’s house. It looks +at first sight like <i>kuchieȝ kote</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note802" id="clean_note802" href="#clean_line800">802</a> <i>fatte</i> = <i>vat</i>, vessel.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note803" id="clean_note803" href="#clean_line800">803</a> <i>norne</i> = <i>nurne</i>, request.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note810" id="clean_note810" href="#clean_line808">810</a> <i>gruȝt</i>, gruched = begrudged.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note813" id="clean_note813" href="#clean_line812">813</a> <i>couþe</i>, knew.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note814" id="clean_note814" href="#clean_line812">814</a> <i>haylsed</i>, saluted.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note824" id="clean_note824" href="#clean_line824">824</a> <i>boute</i>, without.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note830" id="clean_note830" href="#clean_line828">830</a> <i>of glam debonere</i>, of pleasant, courteous +conversation.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note831" id="clean_note831" href="#clean_line828">831</a> <i>wela-wynnely</i>, very joyfully.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 61.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note832" id="clean_note832" href="#clean_line832">832</a> <i>woȝe</i> = <i>wowe</i>, wall.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note835" id="clean_note835" href="#clean_line832">835</a> <i>wakker</i> comp. <i>wayk</i>, weak.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note836" id="clean_note836" href="#clean_line836">836</a> <i>vmbe-lyȝe</i>, surround.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note838" id="clean_note838" href="#clean_line836">838</a> <i>scowte-wach</i>, sentinel; +<i>asscry</i>, cry, shout, noise.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note846" id="clean_note846" href="#clean_line844">846</a> <i>ȝeȝed</i> = chattered, gaggled; +<i>ȝestande sorȝe</i>, afflicting (or frothing) sorrow.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note848" id="clean_note848" href="#clean_line848">848</a> <i>brych</i> = what is low, vile, filthy (? +<i>bryth</i>, breath); <i>vpbraydeȝ</i>, raises.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note849" id="clean_note849" href="#clean_line848">849</a> <i>glyfte with þat glam</i>, was frightened at +that speech.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note855" id="clean_note855" href="#clean_line852">855</a> <i>wonded no woþe</i>, avoided no danger +(hurt).</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note859" id="clean_note859" href="#clean_line856">859</a> <i>meled</i>, spoke.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note860" id="clean_note860" href="#clean_line860">860</a> <i>hendelayk</i>, courtesy, civility.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 62.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note871" id="clean_note871" href="#clean_line868">871</a> <i>tayt</i> = lively.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note874" id="clean_note874" href="#clean_line872">874</a> <i>aȝly</i> = <i>awly</i>, fearfully.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note876" id="clean_note876" href="#clean_line876">876</a> <i>out-comlyng</i>, a stranger. In this form it +is still known in the North of England. <i>Comlyng</i> is the more usual +form of the word in our early literature; <i>carle = +churl</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note881" id="clean_note881" href="#clean_line880">881</a> <i>ȝornen</i>, ran.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note882" id="clean_note882" href="#clean_line880">882</a> <i>wapped</i>, beat.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note885" id="clean_note885" href="#clean_line884">885</a> <i>in blande</i> = together (?); +<i>banned</i>, cursed.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note888" id="clean_note888" href="#clean_line888">888</a> <i>nyteled</i>, laboured, toiled.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note889" id="clean_note889" href="#clean_line888">889</a> <i>of tayt</i>, from fear. <i>Teyt</i>, fear, +alarm, occurs in the northern romance of Alexander.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note890" id="clean_note890" href="#clean_line888">890</a> <i>roþeled</i>, hastened.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note892" id="clean_note892" href="#clean_line892">892</a> <i>vglokest vnhap</i>, the most dreadful +misfortune.</p> + +<p class="float"><a name="clean_note893" id="clean_note893" href="#clean_line892">893</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>Ruddon of þe day-rawe ros vpon vȝten</i>.</p> +<p class="gloss">The light of the day-break rose on the morn.</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="clean_note894" id="clean_note894" href="#clean_line892">894</a> <i>merk</i>, darkness.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note895" id="clean_note895" href="#clean_line892">895</a> <i>ruþen</i>, rouse.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note901" id="clean_note901" href="#clean_line900">901</a> <i>cayre tid of þis kythe</i>, depart quickly +from this land.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 63.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note905" id="clean_note905" href="#clean_line904">905</a> <i>stemme no stepe</i>, stop (keep back), no +step. Cf. our modern phrase “<i>stem</i> the tide.”</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note909" id="clean_note909" href="#clean_line908">909</a> <i>losen</i>, destroy.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note911" id="clean_note911" href="#clean_line908">911</a> <i>gorde</i>, rush.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note912" id="clean_note912" href="#clean_line912">912</a> <i>clater</i>, shatter.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note915" id="clean_note915" href="#clean_line912">915</a> <i>kynned</i>, kindled.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note916" id="clean_note916" href="#clean_line916">916</a> <i>þe brath of his breth</i>, the fierceness of +his wrath.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note918" id="clean_note918" href="#clean_line916">918</a> <i>foo-schip</i>, enmity.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note921" id="clean_note921" href="#clean_line920">921</a> <i>walle</i> = <i>wale</i>, choose; +<i>wonnyng</i>, dwelling, abode.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note927" id="clean_note927" href="#clean_line924">927</a> <i>vtter</i>, without.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note928" id="clean_note928" href="#clean_line928">928</a> <i>wore</i> = <i>ware</i> = were. Cf. +<i>thore</i> = <i>thare</i> = there.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note931" id="clean_note931" href="#clean_line928">931</a> <i>agayn-tote</i>, looking back; <i>tote</i> +(toot) occurs frequently with the sense of “to peep,” “look,” in Early +English.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 64.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note944" id="clean_note944" href="#clean_line944">944</a> <i>Loke ȝe bowe now bi bot</i>, Look ye go now +by (according to) command.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note947" id="clean_note947" href="#clean_line944">947</a> <i>greme</i>, wrath.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note948" id="clean_note948" href="#clean_line948">948</a> <i>wakan</i>, arouse, stir up.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note950" id="clean_note950" href="#clean_line948">950</a> <i>flytande</i>, chiding, murmuring.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note955" id="clean_note955" href="#clean_line952">955</a> <i>smachande</i>, savouring, smelling.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note964" id="clean_note964" href="#clean_line964">964</a> <i>riftes</i>, fissures.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">113</span> +<a name="page113" id="page113"> </a> + +<p><a name="clean_note965" id="clean_note965" href="#clean_line964">965</a> <i>cloutes</i>, pieces.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note969" id="clean_note969" href="#clean_line968">969</a> <i>Rydelles</i> = <i>redeless</i> = without +counsel, helpless; <i>rowtes</i>, companies.</p> + +<p class="float"><a name="clean_note971" id="clean_note971" href="#clean_line968">971</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>Such a ȝomerly ȝarm of ȝellyng þer rysed</i>,</p> +<p class="gloss">Such a mournful (pitiful) outcry of yelling there +rose.</p> +</div> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 65.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note976" id="clean_note976" href="#clean_line976">976</a> <i>Trynande ay a hyȝe trot</i>, going ever (at) +a great pace.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note987" id="clean_note987" href="#clean_line984">987</a> <i>loueȝ</i>, not <i>loaves</i>, but = the +provincial <i>looves</i> = hands.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note989" id="clean_note989" href="#clean_line988">989</a> <i>dampped</i> = <i>dumped</i>, beaten +down.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note991" id="clean_note991" href="#clean_line988">991</a> <i>malscrande mere</i>, accursed lake.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note992" id="clean_note992" href="#clean_line992">992</a> <i>on a lawe</i>, on a hill.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1000" id="clean_note1000" href="#clean_line1000">1000</a> <i>& alle lyste on hir lik</i> (i.e. +<i>lick</i>) <i>þat arn on launde bestes.</i></p> + +<div class="verse"> +<p>“Als so sco loked hir behind,</p> +<p>A stan sco standes bi þat way</p> +<p>And sua sal do to domesday;</p> +<p>In a salt stan men seis hir stand</p> +<p>Þat best likes o þat land;</p> +<p>Þat anes o þe wok day,</p> +<p>Þan is sco liked al away</p> +<p>And þan þai find hir on þe morn,</p> +<p>Hale als sco was ar beforn.”</p> +<p class="author">(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 17<i>b</i>.)</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="clean_note1002" id="clean_note1002" href="#clean_line1000">1002</a> <i>niye</i>, anguish.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 66.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note1009" id="clean_note1009" href="#clean_line1008">1009</a> <i>a roþun of a reche</i>, a rush of smoke, a +mass of vapour; <i>blake</i>, the black (pit).</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1011" id="clean_note1011" href="#clean_line1008">1011</a> <i>flot</i>, fat, grease.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1016" id="clean_note1016" href="#clean_line1016">1016</a> <i>drouy</i>, turbid, from <i>droue</i>, to +trouble.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1024" id="clean_note1024" href="#clean_line1024">1024</a> <i>costeȝ of kynde</i> = natural +properties.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1030" id="clean_note1030" href="#clean_line1028">1030</a> <i>boþem broþely</i>, filthy pit.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1031" id="clean_note1031" href="#clean_line1028">1031</a> <i>losyng</i>, perdition.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1033" id="clean_note1033" href="#clean_line1032">1033</a> <i>coosteȝ</i> = properties.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1035" id="clean_note1035" href="#clean_line1032">1035</a> <i>alkaran</i>, Mandeville employs the term +<i>alkatran</i>; <i>angré</i> = poisonous or grievous, or +<i>augre</i> = <i>aigre</i>, sharp.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1036" id="clean_note1036" href="#clean_line1036">1036</a> <i>saundyuer</i> = <i>sandiver</i>, +glass-gall.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1037" id="clean_note1037" href="#clean_line1036">1037</a> <i>waxlokes</i>, waves.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1038" id="clean_note1038" href="#clean_line1036">1038</a> <i>spuniande</i>, cleaving, sticky.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1039" id="clean_note1039" href="#clean_line1036">1039</a> <i>se halues</i>, sea coasts.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1041" id="clean_note1041" href="#clean_line1040">1041</a> <i>terne</i> = <i>tarne</i>, lake.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1044" id="clean_note1044" href="#clean_line1044">1044</a> <i>apple garnade</i> = pomegranate.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 67.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note1072" id="clean_note1072" href="#clean_line1072">1072</a> <i>kynned</i>, conceived.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1076" id="clean_note1076" href="#clean_line1076">1076</a> <i>a schepon</i> = a stable.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 68.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note1079" id="clean_note1079" href="#clean_line1076">1079</a> <i>reflayr</i>, smell, odour; +<i>rote</i>, decay.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1082" id="clean_note1082" href="#clean_line1080">1082</a> <i>þe reken fyþel</i>, the merry fiddle.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1094" id="clean_note1094" href="#clean_line1092">1094</a> <i>lomerande blynde</i>, the hesitating +(slow, creeping), blind. The primitive meaning of <i>lomerande</i> seems +to be that of <i>slow</i>, sluggish.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1108" id="clean_note1108" href="#clean_line1108">1108</a> <i>tyȝt</i>, endeavour.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 69.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note1113" id="clean_note1113" href="#clean_line1112">1113</a> <i>fenny</i>, dirty, filthy, and hence +sinful.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1118" id="clean_note1118" href="#clean_line1116">1118</a> <i>to dele</i>, to exchange.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1123" id="clean_note1123" href="#clean_line1120">1123</a> For “<i>& wax euer</i>,” etc., the sense +seems to require that we should read “<i>& wax ho euer</i>,” +etc.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1124" id="clean_note1124" href="#clean_line1124">1124</a> <i>in pyese</i> = whole.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1126" id="clean_note1126" href="#clean_line1124">1126</a> <i>blyndes of ble</i>, becomes dull of hue, +loses its colour.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1127" id="clean_note1127" href="#clean_line1124">1127</a> <i>No-bot</i>, only.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1141" id="clean_note1141" href="#clean_line1140">1141</a> <i>lastes</i>, vices.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1142" id="clean_note1142" href="#clean_line1140">1142</a> <i>þewes</i> = <i>þeues</i> (?), thieves, or +<i>unþewes</i>, vices (?)</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 70.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note1153" id="clean_note1153" href="#clean_line1152">1153</a> <i>tyȝt me a tom</i> = give me an +opportunity; <i>tom</i> has the sense of <i>leisure</i> and not of +<i>time</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1167" id="clean_note1167" href="#clean_line1164">1167</a> <i>fylsened</i>, helped, aided.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1172" id="clean_note1172" href="#clean_line1172">1172</a> <i>lat</i>, late, slow.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1178" id="clean_note1178" href="#clean_line1176">1178</a> <i>þorpes</i>, cities.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 71.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note1186" id="clean_note1186" href="#clean_line1184">1186</a> <i>skete skarmoch</i>, <i>skelt</i>, brisk +skirmish, hastened (came on quickly).</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1190" id="clean_note1190" href="#clean_line1188">1190</a> <i>brutage</i> = <i>bretage</i>, parapets of +a wall.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1202" id="clean_note1202" href="#clean_line1200">1202</a> <i>blench</i>, stratagem.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1205" id="clean_note1205" href="#clean_line1204">1205</a> <i>at-wappe</i>, escape.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1206" id="clean_note1206" href="#clean_line1204">1206</a> <i>skelt</i>, spread.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1208" id="clean_note1208" href="#clean_line1208">1208</a> <i>ruþed</i>, roused.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1209" id="clean_note1209" href="#clean_line1208">1209</a> <i>hard hattes</i>, (?) hats made of tow; +<i>herd</i>, <i>hard</i> (<i>harden</i>, <i>hards</i>), in +O. English signify cloth made of tow.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 72.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note1219" id="clean_note1219" href="#clean_line1216">1219</a> <i>faynest</i>, gladdest.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1224" id="clean_note1224" href="#clean_line1224">1224</a> <i>dreȝe þer his wyrdes</i>, endure there his +destiny.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1246" id="clean_note1246" href="#clean_line1244">1246</a> <i>to þe bronde</i>, to the sword.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 73.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note1254" id="clean_note1254" href="#clean_line1252">1254</a> <i>on capeles</i>, on horses.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1255" id="clean_note1255" href="#clean_line1252">1255</a> <i>fole wombes</i>, bellies of foals.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1259" id="clean_note1259" href="#clean_line1256">1259</a> <i>to +<span class="pagenum">114</span> +<a name="page114" id="page114"> </a> +cayre at þe kart & þe kuy mylke</i>, to drag at the cart and milk +the cows.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1265" id="clean_note1265" href="#clean_line1264">1265</a> <i>plat of</i>, strike off.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1284" id="clean_note1284" href="#clean_line1284">1284</a> <i>hamppred</i> = <i>hampered</i>, packed up +for removal.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 74.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note1290" id="clean_note1290" href="#clean_line1288">1290</a> <i>hyȝtled</i>, ornamented.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1303" id="clean_note1303" href="#clean_line1300">1303</a> <i>modey</i> = <i>moody</i>, proud.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1313" id="clean_note1313" href="#clean_line1312">1313</a> <i>sesed</i>, took possession of.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 75.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note1327" id="clean_note1327" href="#clean_line1324">1327</a> <i>bi-cnv</i> = <i>bicneu</i>, +acknowledged.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1330" id="clean_note1330" href="#clean_line1328">1330</a> <i>heldes</i>, descends.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1332" id="clean_note1332" href="#clean_line1332">1332</a> <i>grauen</i>, buried.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1334" id="clean_note1334" href="#clean_line1332">1334</a> <i>stalled in his stud</i>, placed in his +stead (position).</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1342" id="clean_note1342" href="#clean_line1340">1342</a> <i>tre</i>, wood; <i>telded</i>, +raised.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1344" id="clean_note1344" href="#clean_line1344">1344</a> <i>gered</i>, covered, decked.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1346" id="clean_note1346" href="#clean_line1344">1346</a> <i>reden</i>, advise.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1354" id="clean_note1354" href="#clean_line1352">1354</a> <i>notyng</i>, devising, contriving; +<i>gettes</i>, devices.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 76.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note1358" id="clean_note1358" href="#clean_line1356">1358</a> <ins class="correction" title="body text has two words ‘a vayment’"><i>avayment</i></ins>, exhibition.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1361" id="clean_note1361" href="#clean_line1360">1361</a> <i>banne</i>, proclamation.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1362" id="clean_note1362" href="#clean_line1360">1362</a> <i>callyng</i>, decree.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1366" id="clean_note1366" href="#clean_line1364">1366</a> <i>vche a kythyn kyng</i>, every king of +countries.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1375" id="clean_note1375" href="#clean_line1372">1375</a> <i>ludisch lordes</i>, lords of nations.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1379" id="clean_note1379" href="#clean_line1376">1379</a> <i>plek</i>, spot (plot of ground).</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 77.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset float3"> +l. <a name="clean_note1396" id="clean_note1396" href="#clean_line1396">1396</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>Stepe stayred</i> [<i>þe</i>] <i>stones of his stoute +throne</i>,</p> +<p class="gloss">Bright shone the stones of his firm throne.</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="clean_note1397" id="clean_note1397" href="#clean_line1396">1397</a> <i>hiled</i> = covered.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1398" id="clean_note1398" href="#clean_line1396">1398</a> <i>bounet</i>, went about.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1402" id="clean_note1402" href="#clean_line1400">1402</a> <i>strake steuen</i> = struck up sound.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1403" id="clean_note1403" href="#clean_line1400">1403</a> <i>wrasten krakkes</i>, sounds (notes) are +raised.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1410" id="clean_note1410" href="#clean_line1408">1410</a> <i>foles</i>, fowls, birds. +<i>flakerande</i>, flickering, fluttering.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1412" id="clean_note1412" href="#clean_line1412">1412</a> <i>on blonkken bak</i>, on the back of +horses. In lines 1407-1412 we have evidently an allusion to the “table +subtilties” of the fourteenth century.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1420" id="clean_note1420" href="#clean_line1420">1420</a> <i>weȝed</i>, served.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1425" id="clean_note1425" href="#clean_line1424">1425</a> <i>dotage</i>, folly.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 78.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note1435" id="clean_note1435" href="#clean_line1432">1435</a> <i>schin</i>, shall.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1446" id="clean_note1446" href="#clean_line1444">1446</a> <i>besten blod</i>, blood of beasts; +<i>busily</i>, laboriously.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1462" id="clean_note1462" href="#clean_line1460">1462</a> <i>fylyoles</i>, round towers.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 79.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note1472" id="clean_note1472" href="#clean_line1472">1472</a> Penitotes. So in MS., but read +<i>Peritotes</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1478" id="clean_note1478" href="#clean_line1476">1478</a> <i>cost</i>, contrivance.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1495" id="clean_note1495" href="#clean_line1492">1495</a> <i>iaueles</i> = worthless wretches, used by +Hall and Spenser.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 80.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note1501" id="clean_note1501" href="#clean_line1500">1501</a> <i>wlates</i>, is disgusted.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1504" id="clean_note1504" href="#clean_line1504">1504</a> <i>wayned</i>, granted.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1505" id="clean_note1505" href="#clean_line1504">1505</a> <i>glotoun</i>, a general term of +reproach.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1507" id="clean_note1507" href="#clean_line1504">1507</a> <i>vus</i> = <i>use</i>, drink.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1510" id="clean_note1510" href="#clean_line1508">1510</a> <i>kyppe</i>, take, seize, catch up.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1511" id="clean_note1511" href="#clean_line1508">1511</a> <i>birlen</i>, pour out.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1517" id="clean_note1517" href="#clean_line1516">1517</a> <i>dotel</i>, fool.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1520" id="clean_note1520" href="#clean_line1520">1520</a> as each one was disposed so tossed he off the +cup.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 81.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note1537" id="clean_note1537" href="#clean_line1536">1537</a> <i>neue</i>, fist.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1542" id="clean_note1542" href="#clean_line1540">1542</a> <i>lers</i>, features, but (?) <i>fers</i>, +fears.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1543" id="clean_note1543" href="#clean_line1540">1543</a> <i>as a rad ryth</i>, as a frightened hound +(literally mastiff).</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1545" id="clean_note1545" href="#clean_line1544">1545</a> <i>runisch saueȝ</i>, strange words.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1554" id="clean_note1554" href="#clean_line1552">1554</a> <i>skelten</i>, hasten.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1557" id="clean_note1557" href="#clean_line1556">1557</a> <i>þo draȝtes</i>, the characters.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1559" id="clean_note1559" href="#clean_line1556">1559</a> <i>ede</i> = went, but <i>bede</i>, bade, +commanded.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1560" id="clean_note1560" href="#clean_line1560">1560</a> <i>warlaȝes</i>, wizards.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1566" id="clean_note1566" href="#clean_line1564">1566</a> <i>malt</i>, to soothe.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1568" id="clean_note1568" href="#clean_line1568">1568</a> <i>gered</i>, clothed.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 82.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note1585" id="clean_note1585" href="#clean_line1584">1585</a> <i>he wed wel ner</i>, he became nearly +mad.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1603" id="clean_note1603" href="#clean_line1600">1603</a> <i>in stoundes</i>, at times.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 83.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note1606" id="clean_note1606" href="#clean_line1604">1606</a> <i>spured</i>, asked, enquired of.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1634" id="clean_note1634" href="#clean_line1632">1634</a> <i>tede</i> = <i>tene</i>, ten (?)</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1637" id="clean_note1637" href="#clean_line1636">1637</a> <i>apyke</i>, adorn, clothe.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 84.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note1650" id="clean_note1650" href="#clean_line1648">1650</a> <i>loȝed</i>, made low.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1654" id="clean_note1654" href="#clean_line1652">1654</a> <i>pouer</i>, power.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1674" id="clean_note1674" href="#clean_line1672">1674</a> <i>wasterne</i>, wilderness; +<i>dowelle</i>, dwelle.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1675" id="clean_note1675" href="#clean_line1672">1675</a> <i>braken</i>, fern.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 85.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note1678" id="clean_note1678" href="#clean_line1676">1678</a> <i>soly</i>, seat.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1684" id="clean_note1684" href="#clean_line1684">1684</a> <i>ay</i> (?) = hay.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1686" id="clean_note1686" href="#clean_line1684">1686</a> <i>ouer-seyed</i>, passed over.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1690" id="clean_note1690" href="#clean_line1688">1690</a> <i>wykes</i>, members.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1692" id="clean_note1692" href="#clean_line1692">1692</a> <i>clyde</i>, plaister (?).</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1694" id="clean_note1694" href="#clean_line1692">1694</a> <i>bresed</i>, rough, bristly; Sir F. Madden +interprets it <i>broken</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1695" id="clean_note1695" href="#clean_line1692">1695</a> <i>campe hores</i>, shaggy hairs.</p> + +<p><a class="error" name="clean_note1696" id="clean_note1696" href="#clean_line1696" title="text reads ‘1697’">1696</a> <i>glede</i>, +kite.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1701" id="clean_note1701" href="#clean_line1700">1701</a> <i>wayned</i>, recovered.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1707" id="clean_note1707" href="#clean_line1704">1707</a> <i>haȝerly</i>, properly.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 86.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note1713" id="clean_note1713" href="#clean_line1712">1713</a> <i>auyled</i>, defiled.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1716" id="clean_note1716" href="#clean_line1716">1716</a> <i>wale wyne</i>, choice wine; <i>in +waryed stoundes</i>, in accursed moments.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 87.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note1755" id="clean_note1755" href="#clean_line1752">1755</a> <i>daȝed</i>, dawned.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1759" id="clean_note1759" href="#clean_line1756">1759</a> <i>blykned</i> = <i>blaykned</i>, became +dark, blackened.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1760" id="clean_note1760" href="#clean_line1760">1760</a> <i>Mourkenes</i>, becomes murky.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1761" id="clean_note1761" href="#clean_line1760">1761</a> <i>lyst</i>, path.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1768" id="clean_note1768" href="#clean_line1768">1768</a> <i>layted</i>, sought.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1773" id="clean_note1773" href="#clean_line1772">1773</a> <i>ledes of armes</i>, men of arms.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1775" id="clean_note1775" href="#clean_line1772">1775</a> <i>þester</i>, darkness.</p> + +<span class="pagenum">115</span> +<a name="page115" id="page115"> </a> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 88.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="clean_note1785" id="clean_note1785" href="#clean_line1784">1785</a> <i>slyppe</i>, escape.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1786" id="clean_note1786" href="#clean_line1784">1786</a> <i>honde-whyle</i>, a moment.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1788" id="clean_note1788" href="#clean_line1788">1788</a> <i>blende</i>, mingled.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1792" id="clean_note1792" href="#clean_line1792">1792</a> <i>now is a dogge <ins class="correction" +title="main text has two words ‘al so’">also</ins> dere</i>, now is as +valuable as a dog.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1808" id="clean_note1808" href="#clean_line1808">1808</a> <i>telled</i> = raised (?) <i>telles</i> = +raises.</p> + +<p><a name="clean_note1811" id="clean_note1811" href="#clean_line1808">1811</a> <i>gere</i>, clothing.</p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +</div> + +<span class="pagenum">89</span> +<a name="page89" id="page89"> </a> +<h3><a name="patience" id="patience">PATIENCE.</a></h3> + +<hr class="small"> + +<div class="selection"> + +<h4><a name="patience_I" id="patience_I">I.</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote page firstline">[Fol. 83<i>a</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +Patience is often displeasing,</span> +<p class="firstline"> +Pacience is a poynt, þaȝ hit displese ofte,</p> +<p>When heuy herttes ben hurt wyth heþy<i>n</i>g oþ<i>er</i> elles,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>aswage<em>n</em></i>] MS. <i>aswagend</i>.</span> +<p>Suffrau<i>n</i>ce may <span class="texttag">aswage<i>n</i></span> +hem & <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note3">þe swelme +leþe</a>,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +but it assuages heavy hearts, and quenches malice.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line4" id="patience_line4">4</a></span> +For ho quelles vche a <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note4">qued</a>, & quenches malyce;</p> +<p>For quo-so suffer cowþe <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note5">syt, sele</a> wolde folȝe,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Happiness follows sorrow.</span> +<p>& quo for <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note6">þro</a> +may noȝt þole, þe þikker he sufferes;</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +PATIENCE IS TO BE COMMENDED.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +It is better to suffer than to be angry.</span> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#patience_note7">Þe<i>n</i> is +bett<i>er</i> to abyde þe bur vmbe-stou<i>n</i>des</a>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line8" id="patience_line8">8</a></span> +Þen ay þrow forth my þro, þaȝ me þynk ylle.</p> +<p>I herde on a halyday at a hyȝe masse,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Matthew tells us of the promises made by Christ: Blessed are the poor, +for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.</span> +<p>How mathew <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note10">melede</a>, +þat his mayst<i>er</i> his meyny con teche,</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#patience_note11">Aȝt</a> happes he hem +hyȝt & vche on a mede,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line12" id="patience_line12">12</a></span> +<a class="noteref" href="#patience_note12">Su<i>n</i>derlupes</a> +for hit dissert vpon a ser wyse:</p> +<p>Thay arn <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note13">happen</a> +þat han i<i>n</i> hert pouerté,</p> +<p>For hores is þe heuen-ryche to holde for eu<i>er</i>;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Blessed are the meek, for they shall “wield the world.”</span> +<p>Þay ar happen also þat hau<i>n</i>te mekenesse,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line16" id="patience_line16">16</a></span> +For þay schal welde þis worlde & alle her wylle haue;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Blessed are the mourners, for they shall be comforted.</span> +<p>Thay ar happen also þat for her harme wepes,</p> +<p>For þay schal comfort encroche i<i>n</i> kythes ful mony;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Blessed are the hungry, for they shall be filled.</span> +<p>Þay ar happen also þat hungeres aft<i>er</i> ryȝt,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line20" id="patience_line20">20</a></span> +For þay schal frely be refete ful of alle gode;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Blessed are the merciful, for mercy shall be their reward.</span> +<p>Thay ar happen also þat han i<i>n</i> hert rauþe,</p> +<p>For mercy i<i>n</i> alle man<i>er</i>es her mede schal worþe;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Blessed are the clean of heart, for they shall see the Saviour.</span> +<p>Þay ar happen also þat arn of hert clene,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line24" id="patience_line24">24</a></span> +For þay her sauyo<i>ur</i> in sete schal se w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> her +yȝen;</p> +<span class="pagenum">90</span> +<a name="page90" id="page90"> </a> +<span class="sidenote"> +Blessed are the peace-makers, for they shall be called God’s +sons.</span> +<p>Thay ar happen also þat halden her pese,</p> +<p>For þay þe g<i>ra</i>cio<i>us</i> godes su<i>n</i>es schal godly be +called;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Blessed are they that live aright, for theirs is the kingdom of +heaven.</span> +<p>Þay ar happen also þat con her hert stere,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line28" id="patience_line28">28</a></span> +For hores is þe heuen-ryche, as I er sayde.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +These blessings are promised to those who follow</span> +<p>These arn þe happes alle aȝt þat v<i>us</i> bihyȝt weren,</p> +<p>If we þyse ladyes wolde lof i<i>n</i> <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note30">lykny<i>n</i>g</a> of <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note30">þewes</a>;</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 83<i>b</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +poverty, pity, penance, meekness, mercy, chastity, peace and +patience<ins class="correction" title="text has , for .">, </ins></span> +<p>Dame pouert, Dame pitee, Dame penau<i>n</i>ce þe þrydde,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line32" id="patience_line32">32</a></span> +Dame Mekenesse, Dame mercy & Miry cla<i>n</i>nesse,</p> +<p>& þe<i>n</i>ne Dame pes & pacyence put i<i>n</i> +þ<i>er</i>-aft<i>er</i>.</p> +<p>He were happen þat hade one, alle were þe bett<i>er</i>,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>syn</i>] MS. <i>fyn</i>.</span> +<p>Bot <span class="texttag">syn</span> I am put to a poy<i>n</i>t þat +pou<i>er</i>te hatte,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Poverty and patience are to be treated together.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line36" id="patience_line36">36</a></span> +I schal me poruay pacyence, & play me w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> boþe;</p> +<p>For in þe tyxte, þere þyse two arn i<i>n</i> teme layde,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +They are “fettled in one form,”</span> +<p>Hit arn fettled in on forme, þe forme & þe laste,</p> +<p>& by quest of her quoyntyse enquylen on mede,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and have one meed.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line40" id="patience_line40">40</a></span> +& als i<i>n</i> myn vpynyou<i>n</i> hit arn of on kynde;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Poverty will dwell where she lists,</span> +<p>For þer as pouert hir proferes ho nyl be put vtt<i>er</i>,</p> +<p>Bot lenge where-so-eu<i>er</i> hir lyst, <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note42">lyke oþ<i>er</i> greme</a>,</p> +<p>& þere as pouert enpresses, þaȝ mon pyne þynk,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>mun</i>] <i>mon</i> (?).</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +and man must needs suffer.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line44" id="patience_line44">44</a></span> +Much maugre his <span class="texttag">mun</span>, he mot nede +suffer,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Poverty and patience are play-fellows.</span> +<p>Thus pou<i>er</i>te & pacyence arn nedes play-feres.</p> +<p>Syþen I am sette w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> he<i>m</i> samen, suffer me +by-houes,</p> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne is me <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note47">lyȝtloker</a> hit lyke & her <a class="noteref" +href="#patience_note47">lotes</a> prayse,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line48" id="patience_line48">48</a></span> +Þe<i>n</i>ne wyþ<i>er</i> wyth & be wroth & þe wers haue.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +What avails impatience,</span> +<p>Ȝif me be dyȝt a destyné due to haue,</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#patience_note50">What dowes me þe +dedayn</a>, oþ<i>er</i> dispit make?</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +if God send affliction?</span> +<p>Oþ<i>er</i> ȝif my lege lorde lyst on lyue me to bidde,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line52" id="patience_line52">52</a></span> +Oþ<i>er</i> to ryde, oþ<i>er</i> to re<i>n</i>ne, to rome i<i>n</i> his +ernde,</p> +<p>What <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note53">grayþed</a> me þe +grychchy<i>n</i>g bot grame more seche?</p> +<p>Much ȝif he me ne made, maugref my chekes,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Patience is best.</span> +<p>& þe<i>n</i>ne þrat moste I þole, & vnþonk to mede,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line56" id="patience_line56">56</a></span> +<a class="noteref" href="#patience_note56">Þe[t] had bowed to his +bode</a>, bongre my hyure.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Did not Jonah incur danger by his folly?</span> +<p>Did not Ionas i<i>n</i> Iude suche Iape su<i>m</i>-whyle,</p> +<p>To sette hy<i>m</i> to sewrte, vnsou<i>n</i>de he hy<i>m</i> +feches?</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>tyme</i>] MS. <i>tyne</i>.</span> +<p>Wyl ȝe tary a lyttel <span class="texttag">tyme</span> & tent +me a whyle,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line60" id="patience_line60">60</a></span> +I schal wysse yow þer-wyth as holy wryt telles.</p> + + +<span class="pagenum">91</span> +<a name="page91" id="page91"> </a> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +JONAH IS SENT TO NINEVEH.</span></p> + +<h4><a name="patience_II" id="patience_II">II.</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote firstline"> +Jonah was a prophet of the gentiles.</span> +<p class="firstline"> +Hit bi-tydde su<i>m</i>-tyme i<i>n</i> þe termes of Iude,</p> +<p>Ionas ioyned watȝ þ<i>er</i>-i<i>n</i>ne ientyle p<i>ro</i>phete;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +God’s word came to him, saying,</span> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#patience_note63">Goddes glam to +hy<i>m</i> glod</a>, þat hy<i>m</i> vnglad made,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line64" id="patience_line64">64</a></span> +W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> a roghlych rurd rowned i<i>n</i> his ere;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +“Rise quickly, take the way to Nineveh.</span> +<p>“Rys radly,” he says, “& rayke forth euen,</p> +<p>Nym þe way to nynyue, <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note66">wyth-outen oþ<i>er</i> speche</a>,</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 84<i>a</i>.]</span> +<p>& in þat cete <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note67">my +saȝes sogh<i>e</i> alle aboute</a>,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Say that which I shall put in thine heart.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line68" id="patience_line68">68</a></span> +Þat, i<i>n</i> þat place at þe poy<i>n</i>t, I put i<i>n</i> þi +hert;</p> +<p>For Iwysse hit arn so wykke þat i<i>n</i> þat won dowelleȝ,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Wickedness dwells in that city.</span> +<p>& her malys is so much I may not abide,</p> +<p>Bot venge me on her vilanye & venym bilyue;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Go swiftly and carry my message.”</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line72" id="patience_line72">72</a></span> +Now sweȝe me þider swyftly & say me þis arende.”</p> +<p>When þat steuen watȝ stynt, þat stowned his my<i>n</i>de,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Jonah is full of wrath.</span> +<p>Al he wrathed i<i>n</i> his wyt & wyþ<i>er</i>ly he þoȝt,</p> +<p>If I bowe to his bode & bry<i>n</i>g he<i>m</i> þis tale,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He is afraid that the shrews</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line76" id="patience_line76">76</a></span> +& I be Nu<i>m</i>men in Nuniue, my nyes begy<i>n</i>es;</p> +<p>He telles me þose trayto<i>ur</i>es arn <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note77">typped schrewes</a>,</p> +<p>I com wyth þose tyþy<i>n</i>ges, þay <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note78">ta me</a> bylyue,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +will put him in the stocks,</span> +<p>Pyneȝ me i<i>n</i> a prysou<i>n</i>, put me i<i>n</i> stokkes,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +or put out his eyes.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line80" id="patience_line80">80</a></span> +Wryþe me i<i>n</i> a warlok, wrast out myn yȝen.</p> +<p>Þis is a m<i>er</i>uayl message a man for to preche,</p> +<p>Amonge enmyes so mony & <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note82">mansed</a> fendes;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He thinks that God desires his death.</span> +<p>Bot if my gaynlych god such gref to me wolde,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>For</i>] MS. <i>fof</i>.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line84" id="patience_line84">84</a></span> +<span class="texttag">For</span> desert of su<i>m</i> sake þat I slayn +were,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He determines not to go near the city,</span> +<p>At alle peryles, q<i>uod</i> þe p<i>ro</i>phete, I aproche hit no +nerre,</p> +<p>I wyl me su<i>m</i> oþ<i>er</i> waye, þat he ne wayte +aft<i>er</i>;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +but fly to Tarshish.</span> +<p>I schal tee i<i>n</i>-to tarce, & tary þere a whyle,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line88" id="patience_line88">88</a></span> +& lyȝtly, when I am lest, he letes me alone.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Grumbling, he goes to port Joppa.</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne he ryses radly, & raykes bilyue</p> +<p>Ionas toward port Iaph, ay Ianglande for tene,</p> +<p>Þat he nolde þole, for no-þy<i>n</i>g, non of þose pynes,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He says that God will not be able to protect him.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line92" id="patience_line92">92</a></span> +Þaȝ þe fader þat hy<i>m</i> formed were fale of his hele.</p> +<p>“Oure syre syttes,” he says, “on sege so hyȝe</p> +<p>I<i>n</i> his <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note94">g[l]wande</a> glorye, & <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note94">glou<i>m</i>bes</a> ful lyttel,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">92</span> +<a name="page92" id="page92"> </a> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +HE SAILS FOR TARSHISH.</span></p> + +<p>Þaȝ I be nu<i>m</i>men i<i>n</i> nuniue & naked dispoyled,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line96" id="patience_line96">96</a></span> +On rode rwly to-rent, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> rybaudes mony.”</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Jonah reaches the port, finds a ship ready to sail.</span> +<p>Þ<i>us</i> he passes to þat port, his passage to seche,</p> +<p>Fyndes he a fayr schyp <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note98">to þe fare</a> redy;</p> +<p>Maches hy<i>m</i> w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þe maryneres, makes her +paye,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line100" id="patience_line100">100</a></span> +For to towe hy<i>m</i> i<i>n</i>-to tarce, as tyd as þay myȝt.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The seamen catch up the cross-sail, fasten the cables, weigh their +anchors,</span> +<p>Then he tron on þo tres & þay her <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note101">tra<i>m</i>me</a> ruchen,</p> +<p>Cachen vp þe crossayl, cables þay fasten,</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 84<i>b</i>.]</span> +<p>Wiȝt at þe wyndlas weȝen her ankres,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line104" id="patience_line104">104</a></span> +<a class="noteref" href="#patience_note104">Sprude spak to þe sprete +þe spare bawe-lyne</a>,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and spread sail.</span> +<p>Gederen to þe gyde ropes, þe grete cloþ falles;</p> +<p>Þay layden i<i>n</i> on <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note106">ladde-borde</a> & þe lofe wy<i>n</i>nes.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +A gentle wind wafts the ship along.</span> +<p>Þe <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note107">blyþe breþe</a> at +her bak þe <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note107">bosum</a> he +fyndes,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line108" id="patience_line108">108</a></span> +<a class="noteref" href="#patience_note108">He</a> swenges me þys +swete schip swefte fro þe hauen.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Was never a Jew so joyful as was Jonah then.</span> +<p>Watȝ neu<i>er</i> so Ioyful a Iue, as Ionas watȝ þe<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<p>Þat þe daunger of dryȝtyn so derfly ascaped;</p> +<p>He wende wel þat þat wyȝ þ<i>a</i>t al þe world planted,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line112" id="patience_line112">112</a></span> +Hade no <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note112">maȝt</a> +i<i>n</i> þat <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note112">mere</a> +no man forto greue.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He has, however, put himself in peril,</span> +<p>Lo! þe wytles wrechche, for he wolde noȝt suffer,</p> +<p>Now hatȝ he put hy<i>m</i> i<i>n</i> plyt of p<i>er</i>il wel +more;</p> +<p>Hit watȝ a <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note115">weny<i>n</i>g</a> vn-war þat welt i<i>n</i> his +mynde,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +in fleeing from God.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line116" id="patience_line116">116</a></span> +Þaȝ he were soȝt fro samarye þat god seȝ no fyrre,</p> +<p>Ȝise he blusched ful brode, þat <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note117">burde</a> hy<i>m</i> by sure,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The words of David.</span> +<p>Þat ofte kyd hy<i>m</i> þe carpe þat ky<i>n</i>g sayde,</p> +<p>Dy<i>n</i>gne dauid on des, þat <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note119">demed</a> þis speche,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line120" id="patience_line120">120</a></span> +I<i>n</i> a psalme þat he set þe saut<i>er</i> +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-i<i>n</i>ne;</p> +<p>O Foleȝ i<i>n</i> folk feleȝ oþ<i>er</i> whyle,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Does He not hear, who made all ears?</span> +<p>& vnderstondes vmbe-stou<i>n</i>de, þaȝ he be <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note122">stape fole</a>,</p> +<p>Hope ȝe þat he heres not þat eres alle made?</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He is not blind that formed each eye.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line124" id="patience_line124">124</a></span> +Hit may not be þat he is blynde þ<i>a</i>t bigged vche yȝe.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Jonah is now in no dread.</span> +<p>Bot he dredes no dynt þat dotes for elde,</p> +<p>For he watȝ fer i<i>n</i> þe flod fou<i>n</i>dande to tarce;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He is, however, soon overtaken.</span> +<p>Bot, I trow, ful tyd, ou<i>er</i>-tan þat he were,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line128" id="patience_line128">128</a></span> +So þat schomely to schort he schote of his ame.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The wielder of all things has devices at will.</span> +<p>For þe welder of wyt, þat wot alle þy<i>n</i>ges,</p> +<p>Þat ay wakes & waytes, at wylle hatȝ he slyȝtes;</p> + +<span class="pagenum">93</span> +<a name="page93" id="page93"> </a> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +HE IS OVERTAKEN BY A TEMPEST.</span></p> + +<p>He calde on þat ilk <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note131">crafte</a> he carf w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> his +hondes,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line132" id="patience_line132">132</a></span> +Þay wakened wel þe wroþeloker, for wroþely he cleped:</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He commands Eurus and Aquilo to blow.</span> +<p>“Ewr<i>us</i> & aq<i>u</i>ilou<i>n</i>, þat on est sittes,</p> +<p>Blowes boþe at my bode vpon blo watt<i>er</i>es.”</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The winds blow obedient to His word.</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne watȝ no <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note135">tom</a> þer bytwene his tale & her dede,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line136" id="patience_line136">136</a></span> +So bayn wer þay boþe two, his bone for to wyrk.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Out of the north-east the noise begins.</span> +<p>An-on out of þe norþ est þe noys bigynes,</p> +<p>When boþe breþes con blowe vpon blo watteres;</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 85<i>a</i>.]</span> +<p>Roȝ rakkes þer ros w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> rudny<i>n</i>g an-vnder,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Storms arose,<br> +winds wrestled together, the waves rolled high,</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line140" id="patience_line140">140</a></span> +Þe see <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note140">souȝed</a> ful +sore, gret <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note140">selly</a> to +here;</p> +<p>Þe wyndes on þe <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note141">wo<i>n</i>ne</a> wat<i>er</i> so wrastel +to-geder,</p> +<p>Þat þe wawes ful wode walt<i>er</i>ed so hiȝe,</p> +<p>& efte <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note143">busched</a> to þe abyme þat breed fysches;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and never rested.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line144" id="patience_line144">144</a></span> +Durst nowhere <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note144">for +roȝ</a> arest at þe bothem.</p> +<p>When þe breth & þe brok & þe bote metten,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Then was Jonah joyless.</span> +<p>Hit watȝ a ioyles gyn þat Ionas watȝ i<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The boat reeled around.</span> +<p>For hit reled on rou<i>n</i>[d] vpon þe roȝe yþes.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The gear became out of order.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line148" id="patience_line148">148</a></span> +Þe <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note148">bur</a> ber to hit +baft þat braste alle her gere,</p> +<p>Þen hurled on a hepe þe helme & þe sterne,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Ropes and mast were broken.</span> +<p>Furst <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note150">to murte</a> +mony rop & þe mast aft<i>er</i>.</p> +<p>Þe sayl sweyed on þe see, þe<i>n</i>ne suppe bihoued</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>colde</i>] MS. <i>clolde</i>.</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +A loud cry is raised, Many a lad labours to lighten the ship.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line152" id="patience_line152">152</a></span> +Þe <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note152">coge</a> of þe <span +class="texttag">colde</span> wat<i>er</i>, & þe<i>n</i>ne þe cry +ryses;</p> +<p>Ȝet coruen þay þe cordes & kest al þ<i>er</i>-oute.</p> +<p>Mony ladde þer forth-lep to laue & to kest,</p> +<p>Scopen out þe <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note155">scaþel</a> wat<i>er</i>, þat fayn scape wolde;</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>lode</i>] <i>lote</i> (?).</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line156" id="patience_line156">156</a></span> +For be mo<i>n</i>nes <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note156">lode</a> neu<i>er</i> so luþ<i>er</i>, þe lyf is ay +swete.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +They throw overboard their bags and feather beds.</span> +<p>Þer watȝ busy ou<i>er</i>-borde bal<i>e</i> to kest</p> +<p>Her bagges, & her feþ<i>er</i> beddes, & her bryȝt wedes,</p> +<p>Her kysttes, & her coferes, her caraldes alle,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line160" id="patience_line160">160</a></span> +& al to lyȝten þat lome, ȝif <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note160">leþe</a> wolde schape;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +But still the wind rages, and the waves become wilder.</span> +<p>Bot eu<i>er</i> watȝ ilyche loud þe <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note161">lot</a> of þe wy<i>n</i>des,</p> +<p>& eu<i>er</i> wroþ<i>er</i> þe wat<i>er</i>, & wodder þe +stremes.</p> +<p>Þe<i>n</i> þo wery for-wroȝt wyst no bote,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Each man calls upon his god.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line164" id="patience_line164">164</a></span> +Bot vchon glewed on his god þat gayned hy<i>m</i> beste;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Some called upon Vernagu, Diana, and Neptune, to the sun and to the +moon.</span> +<p>Summe to vernagu þ<i>er</i> vouched a-vowes solemne,</p> +<p>Summe to diana deuout, & derf nepturne,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">94</span> +<a name="page94" id="page94"> </a> + +<p>To mahou<i>n</i> & to mergot, þe mone & þe su<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line168" id="patience_line168">168</a></span> +& vche lede as he loued & layde had his hert.</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +JONAH IS CONDEMNED TO DEATH,</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +Then said one of the sailors:<br> +“Some lawless wretch, that has grieved his God, is in the ship.</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne bispeke þe spakest dispayred wel nere:</p> +<p>I leue here be su<i>m</i> losynger, su<i>m</i> lawles wrech,</p> +<p>Þat hatȝ greued his god & gotȝ here amonge v<i>us</i>;</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line172" id="patience_line172">172</a></span> +Lo al synkes i<i>n</i> his sy<i>n</i>ne & for his sake marres!</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +I advise that we lay lots upon each man.</span> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#patience_note173">I lovne</a> þat we +lay lotes on ledes vchone,</p> +<p>& who-so ly<i>m</i>pes þe losse, lay hy<i>m</i> +þ<i>er</i>-oute;</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 85<i>b</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +When the guilty is gone the tempest may cease.”</span> +<p>& quen þe gulty is gon what may gome trawe,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line176" id="patience_line176">176</a></span> +Bot he þat rules þe rak may rwe on þose oþ<i>er</i>?</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +This is agreed to.</span> +<p>Þis watȝ sette i<i>n</i> asent, & sembled þay were,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +All are assembled, from all corners of the ship,</span> +<p>Herȝed out of vche hyrne to hent þat falles.</p> +<p>A lodes-mon lyȝtly lep vnder hachches,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line180" id="patience_line180">180</a></span> +For to layte mo ledes & hem to lote bry<i>n</i>g,</p> +<p>Bot hy<i>m</i> fayled no freke þat he fynde myȝt,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +save Jonah the Jew,</span> +<p>Saf Ionas þe Iwe þat Iowked i<i>n</i> derne.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +who had fled into the bottom of the boat.</span> +<p>He watȝ flowen for ferde of þe <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note183">flode lotes</a></p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line184" id="patience_line184">184</a></span> +I<i>n</i>-to þe boþem of þe bot, & on a <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note184">brede</a> lyggede,</p> +<p>On helde by þe <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note185">hurrok</a>, for þe heuen wrache,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +There he falls asleep.</span> +<p>Slypped vpon a slou<i>m</i>be, selepe, & sloberande he +routes.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Soon he is aroused,</span> +<p>Þe freke hy<i>m</i> fru<i>n</i>t w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> his fot & +bede hy<i>m</i> ferk vp,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line188" id="patience_line188">188</a></span> +Þer ragnel i<i>n</i> his rakentes hy<i>m</i> rere of his dremes;</p> +<p>Bi þe haspede he hentes hy<i>m</i> þe<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and brought on board.</span> +<p>& broȝt hy<i>m</i> vp by þe brest & vpon borde sette,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Full roughly is he questioned.</span> +<p>Arayned hy<i>m</i> ful <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note191">runyschly</a> what raysou<i>n</i> he hade</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line192" id="patience_line192">192</a></span> +I<i>n</i> such <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note192">slaȝtes</a> of sorȝe to slepe so faste;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The lot falls upon Jonah.</span> +<p>Sone haf þay her sortes sette & serelych deled,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>þe</i>] MS. <i>þe þe</i>.</span> +<p>& ay <span class="texttag">þe</span> lote, vpon laste, lymped +on Ionas.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Then quickly they said:<br> +“What the devil hast thou done, doted wretch?</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne ascryed þay hy<i>m</i> sckete, & asked ful +loude,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line196" id="patience_line196">196</a></span> +“What þe deuel hatȝ þ<i>o</i>u don, doted wrech?</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +What seekest thou on the sea?</span> +<p>What seches þ<i>o</i>u on see, sy<i>n</i>ful schrewe,</p> +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þy <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note198">lastes</a> so luþ<i>er</i> to lose v<i>us</i> +vchone?</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Hast thou no God to call upon?</span> +<p>Hatȝ þ<i>o</i>u, gome, no gou<i>er</i>no<i>ur</i> ne god on to +calle,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line200" id="patience_line200">200</a></span> +Þat þ<i>o</i>u þ<i>us</i> slydes on slepe when þ<i>o</i>u slayn +worþes?</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Of what land art thou?</span> +<p>Of what londe art þ<i>o</i>u lent, what laytes þ<i>o</i>u here</p> +<p>Whyder i<i>n</i> worlde þat þ<i>o</i>u wylt, & what is þyn +arnde?</p> +<span class="pagenum">95</span> +<a name="page95" id="page95"> </a> +<span class="sidenote"> +Thou art doomed for thy ill deeds.”</span> +<p>Lo þy dom is þe dyȝt, for þy dedes ille!</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line204" id="patience_line204">204</a></span> +Do gyf glory to þy godde, er þ<i>o</i>u glyde hens.”</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Jonah says: “I am a Hebrew,<br> +a worshipper of the world’s Creator.</span> +<p>“I am an Ebru,” q<i>uod</i> he, “of Israyl borne;</p> +<p>Þat wyȝe I worchyp, Iwysse, þat wroȝt alle þy<i>n</i>ges,</p> +<p>Alle þe worlde w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þe welkyn, þe wynde & þe +sternes,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line208" id="patience_line208">208</a></span> +& alle þat woneȝ þer w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-i<i>n</i>ne, <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note208">at a worde one</a>.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +All this mischief is caused by me, therefore cast me overboard.”</span> +<p>Alle þis meschef for me is made at þys tyme,</p> +<p>For I haf greued my god & gulty am fou<i>n</i>den;</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 86<i>a</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>baþeþes</i>] <i>baþes</i> (?).</span> +<p>For-þy bereȝ me to þe borde, & <span class="texttag">baþeþes</span> me þ<i>er</i>-oute,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line212" id="patience_line212">212</a></span> +Er gete ȝe no happe, I hope forsoþe.”</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +AND IS CAST OVERBOARD.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>hy<em>m</em></i>] <i>hem</i> (?).</span> +<p>He <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note213">ossed</a> <span +class="texttag">hy<i>m</i></span> by <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note213">vnny<i>n</i>ges</a> þat þay vnder-nomen,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He proves to them that he was guilty.</span> +<p>Þat he watȝ flawen fro þe face of frelych dryȝtyn;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The mariners are exceedingly frightened.</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne such a ferde on hem fel & flayed he<i>m</i> +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-i<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line216" id="patience_line216">216</a></span> +Þat þay <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note216">ruyt</a> +hy<i>m</i> to rowwe & letten þe ry<i>n</i>k one.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +They try to make way with their oars,</span> +<p>Haþeles hyȝed i<i>n</i> haste w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> ores ful longe,</p> +<p>Sy<i>n</i> her sayl watȝ hem aslypped on sydeȝ to rowe;</p> +<p>Hef & hale vpon hyȝt to helpen hym seluen,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +but their endeavours are useless.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line220" id="patience_line220">220</a></span> +Bot al watȝ nedles note, þat nolde not bityde:</p> +<p>In bluber of þe blo flod bursten her ores,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Jonah must be doomed to death.</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne hade þay noȝt i<i>n</i> her honde þat hem help myȝt;</p> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne nas no cou<i>m</i>fort to keu<i>er</i>, ne +cou<i>n</i>sel non oþer,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line224" id="patience_line224">224</a></span> +Bot ionas i<i>n</i>-to his Iuis Iugge bylyue.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +They pray to God,</span> +<p>Fyrst þay prayen to þe prynce þ<i>a</i>t p<i>ro</i>phetes seruen,</p> +<p>Þat he gef hem þe g<i>ra</i>ce to greuen hy<i>m</i> neu<i>er</i>,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +that they may not shed innocent blood.</span> +<p>Þat þay i<i>n</i> <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note227">baleleȝ</a> blod þer blenden her handeȝ,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line228" id="patience_line228">228</a></span> +Þaȝ þat haþel wer his, þ<i>a</i>t þay here quelled.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Jonah is cast overboard.</span> +<p>Tyd by top & bi to þay token hy<i>m</i> <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note229">sy<i>n</i>ne</a>,</p> +<p>I<i>n</i>-to þat lodlych loȝe þay luche hy<i>m</i> sone;</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>out-tulde</i>] <i>out-tulte</i> (?).</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +The tempest ceases and the sea settles.</span> +<p>He watȝ no tytter <span class="texttag">out-tulde</span> þat +tempest ne sessed,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line232" id="patience_line232">232</a></span> +Þe se saȝtled þ<i>er</i>-w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>, as sone as ho moȝt.</p> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne þaȝ her takel were torne, þ<i>a</i>t tot<i>er</i>ed on +yþeȝ,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The stiff streams drive the ship about.</span> +<p>Styffe stremes & streȝt hem strayned a whyle,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>serue</i>] <i>sterue</i> (?).</span> +<p>Þat drof hem dryȝlych adou<i>n</i> þe depe to <span class="texttag">serue</span>,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +At last they reach a bank.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line236" id="patience_line236">236</a></span> +Tyl a swetter ful swyþe he<i>m</i> sweȝed to bonk.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The seamen thank God<ins class="correction" title="text has . for ,">, </ins><br> +and perform solemn vows.</span> +<p>Þer watȝ louy<i>n</i>g on lofte, when þay þe londe wo<i>n</i>nen,</p> +<p>To oure mercyable god, on moyses wyse,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">96</span> +<a name="page96" id="page96"> </a> + +<p>W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> sacrafyse vp-set, & solempne vowes,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line240" id="patience_line240">240</a></span> +& grau<i>n</i>ted hy<i>m</i> vn-to be god & graythly non +oþ<i>er</i>;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Jonah is in great dread.</span> +<p>Þaȝ þay be Iolef for Ioye, Ionas ȝet dredes,</p> +<p>Þaȝ he nolde suffer no sore, his seele is on ant<i>er</i>;</p> +<p>For what-so worþed of þat wyȝe, fro he i<i>n</i> wat<i>er</i> +dipped,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line244" id="patience_line244">244</a></span> +Hit were a wonder to wene, ȝif holy wryt nere.</p> + + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +A WILD WHALE SWALLOWS JONAH.</span></p> + +<h4><a name="patience_III" id="patience_III">III.</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote firstline"> +Jonah is shoved from the ship.</span> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>to</i>] MS. to to.</span> +<p class="firstline"> +Now is ionas þe Iwe Iugged <span class="texttag">to</span> drowne;</p> +<p>Of þat schended schyp men schowued hy<i>m</i> sone.</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 86<i>b</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +A wild whale swims by the boat.</span> +<p>A wylde walt<i>er</i>ande whal, <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note247">as wyrde þe<i>n</i> schaped</a>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line248" id="patience_line248">248</a></span> +Þat watȝ beten fro þe abyme, bi þat bot flotte,</p> +<p>& watȝ war of þat wyȝe þat þe wat<i>er</i> soȝte,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He opens his swallow,</span> +<p>& swyftely swenged hy<i>m</i> to swepe & his swolȝ +opened;</p> +<p>Þe folk ȝet haldande his fete þe fysch hy<i>m</i> tyd hentes,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and seizes the prophet.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line252" id="patience_line252">252</a></span> +W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-outen towche of any tothe he tult i<i>n</i> his +þrote.</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>swayues</i>] <i>swaynes</i> (?).</span> +<p>The<i>n</i>ne he swengeȝ & <span class="texttag">swayues</span> +to þe se boþem,</p> +<p>Bi mony rokkeȝ ful roȝe & rydelande strondes,</p> +<p>Wyth þe mo<i>n</i> i<i>n</i> his mawe, <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note255">malskred</a> i<i>n</i> drede.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +It is not to be wondered at that Jonah suffered woe.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line256" id="patience_line256">256</a></span> +As lyttel wonder hit watȝ ȝif he wo dreȝed,</p> +<p>For nade þe hyȝe heuen ky<i>n</i>g, þurȝ his honde myȝt,</p> +<p>Warded þis wrech man i<i>n</i> <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note258">warlowes</a> gutteȝ,</p> +<p>What lede moȝt <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note259">lyue</a> bi lawe of any kynde,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line260" id="patience_line260">260</a></span> +Þat any lyf myȝt be lent so longe hy<i>m</i> +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-i<i>n</i>ne?</p> +<p>Bot he watȝ sokored by þat syre þat syttes so hiȝe,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>wauleȝ</i>] <i>wanleȝ</i> (?).</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +The prophet is without hope.</span> +<p>Þaȝ were <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note262">wauleȝ</a> +of wele, i<i>n</i> wombe of þat fissche,</p> +<p>& also dryuen þurȝ þe depe, & in derk walt<i>er</i>eȝ.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Cold was his comfort.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line264" id="patience_line264">264</a></span> +Lorde! colde watȝ his cu<i>m</i>fort & his care huge,</p> +<p>For he knew vche a cace & kark þat hy<i>m</i> lymped;</p> +<p>How fro þe bot i<i>n</i>-to þe blober watȝ w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> a best +lachched,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>þrwe</i>] <i>þrwen</i> (?).</span> +<p>& <span class="texttag">þrwe</span> i<i>n</i> at hit þrote, +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-outen þret more,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Jonah was only a mote in the whale’s jaws.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line268" id="patience_line268">268</a></span> +As mote i<i>n</i> at a mu<i>n</i>ster dor, so mukel wern his <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note268">chawleȝ</a>,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He entered in by the gills, and by means of one of the intestines of the +fish, came into a space as large as a hall.</span> +<p>He glydes i<i>n</i> by þe giles, þurȝ <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note269">glaymande</a> glette,</p> +<p>Relande i<i>n</i> by a <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note270">rop</a>, a rode þat hy<i>m</i> þoȝt,</p> +<p>Ay hele ou<i>er</i> hed, ho<i>ur</i>lande aboute,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line272" id="patience_line272">272</a></span> +Til he blu<i>n</i>t i<i>n</i> a blok as brod as a halle;</p> +<span class="pagenum">97</span> +<a name="page97" id="page97"> </a> +<span class="sidenote"> +The prophet fixes his feet firmly in the belly of the whale.</span> +<p>& þer he festnes þe fete & <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note273">fathmeȝ</a> aboute,</p> +<p>& stod vp i<i>n</i> his stomak, þat stank as þe deuel;</p> +<p>Þ<i>er</i> in <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note275">saym</a> & i<i>n</i> sorȝe þat sauo<i>ur</i>ed +as helle,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line276" id="patience_line276">276</a></span> +Þ<i>er</i> watȝ bylded his bour, þat wyl no bale suffer;</p> +<p>& þe<i>n</i>ne he lurkkes & laytes where watȝ <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note277">le</a> best,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He searches into every nook of its navel.</span> +<p>In vche a nok of his nauel, bot nowhere he fyndeȝ</p> +<p>No rest ne recou<i>er</i>er, bot ramelande myre,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line280" id="patience_line280">280</a></span> +In wych gut so eu<i>er</i> he gotȝ; bot eu<i>er</i> is god swete;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The prophet calls upon God.</span> +<p>& þer he lenged at þe last & to þe lede called.</p> +<p>“Now prynce, of þy p<i>ro</i>phete pité þ<i>o</i>u haue!</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 87<i>a</i>.]</span> +<p>Þaȝ I be fol, & fykel, & falce of my hert,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He cries for mercy.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line284" id="patience_line284">284</a></span> +De-woyde now þy vengau<i>n</i>ce, þurȝ v<i>er</i>tu of rauthe;</p> +<p>Thaȝ I be gulty of gyle as gaule of p<i>ro</i>phet<i>es</i>,</p> +<p>Þ<i>o</i>u art god, & alle gowdeȝ ar grayþely þyn owen;</p> +<p>Haf now m<i>er</i>cy of þy man & his mys-dedes,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line288" id="patience_line288">288</a></span> +& preue þe lyȝtly a lorde, i<i>n</i> londe & i<i>n</i> +wat<i>er</i>.”</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He sits safely in a recess,</span> +<p>With þat he hitte to a hyrne & helde hy<i>m</i> +þ<i>er</i>-i<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<p>Þ<i>er</i> no de-foule of no fylþe watȝ fest hy<i>m</i> abute;</p> +<p>Þer he sete also sou<i>n</i>de, saf for <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note291">merk</a> one,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line292" id="patience_line292">292</a></span> +As i<i>n</i> þe <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note292">bulk</a> +of þe bote, þer he by-fore sleped.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +in a bowel of the beast,</span> +<p>So in a bouel of þat best he bideȝ on lyue,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +for three days and three nights.</span> +<p>Þre dayes & þ[r]e nyȝt ay þenkande on dryȝtyn,</p> +<p>His myȝt & his m<i>er</i>ci, his mesure þe<i>n</i>ne;</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line296" id="patience_line296">296</a></span> +Now he knaweȝ hy<i>m</i> i<i>n</i> care þat couþe not i<i>n</i> +sele.</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +THE WHALE WANDERS ABOUT.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +The whale passes through many a rough region.</span> +<p>Ande eu<i>er</i> walt<i>er</i>es þis whal bi wyldren depe,</p> +<p>Þurȝ mony a regiou<i>n</i> ful roȝe, þurȝ ronk of his wylle,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Jonah makes the whale feel sick.</span> +<p>For þat mote i<i>n</i> his mawe mad hy<i>m</i>, I trowe,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line300" id="patience_line300">300</a></span> +Þaȝ hit lyttel were, hy<i>m</i> wyth to wamel at his hert,</p> +<p>Ande assayled þe segge; ay sykerly he herde</p> +<p>Þe bygge <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note302">borne</a> on +his bak & bete on his sydes;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The prophet prays to God in this wise:</span> +<p>Þen a prayer ful prest þe p<i>ro</i>phete þ<i>er</i> maked</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line304" id="patience_line304">304</a></span> +On þis wyse, as I wene, his wordeȝ were mony:</p> + + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +JONAH PRAYS FOR HIS DELIVERANCE.</span></p> + +<h4><a name="patience_IV" id="patience_IV">IV.</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote firstline"> +“Lord! to thee have I cried out of hell’s womb.</span> +<p class="firstline"> +“Lorde to þe haf I cleped, i<i>n</i> careȝ ful stronge,</p> +<p>Out of þe hole þ<i>o</i>u me herde, of hellen wombe</p> + +<span class="pagenum">98</span> +<a name="page98" id="page98"> </a> + +<p>I calde, & þ<i>o</i>u knew myn vncler steuen;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Thou dippedst me in the sea.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line308" id="patience_line308">308</a></span> +Þ<i>o</i>u dipteȝ me of þe depe se, i<i>n</i>-to þe dy<i>m</i>me +hert,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Thy great floods passed over me.</span> +<p>Þe grete <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note309">flem</a> of +þy flod folded me vmbe;</p> +<p>Alle þe goteȝ of þy guferes, & grou<i>n</i>deleȝ powleȝ,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The streams drive over me.</span> +<p>& þy stryuande stremeȝ of stryndeȝ so mony,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line312" id="patience_line312">312</a></span> +I<i>n</i> on daschande dam, dryueȝ me ou<i>er</i>;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +I am cast out from thy sight.</span> +<p>& ȝet I say, as I seet i<i>n</i> þe se boþem,</p> +<p>‘Care-ful am I kest out fro þy cler yȝen</p> +<p>& deseu<i>er</i>ed fro þy syȝt; ȝet surely I hope,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line316" id="patience_line316">316</a></span> +Efte to trede on þy temple & teme to þy seluen.’</p> +<p>I am wrapped i<i>n</i> wat<i>er</i> <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note317">to my wo stou<i>n</i>deȝ</a>,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The abyss binds me.</span> +<p>Þe abyme byndes þe body þat I byde i<i>n</i>ne;</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 87<i>b</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +The rushing waves play on my head.</span> +<p>Þe pure poplande ho<i>ur</i>le playes on my heued,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line320" id="patience_line320">320</a></span> +<a class="noteref" href="#patience_note320">To laste mere</a> of +vche a mou<i>n</i>t man am I fallen;</p> +<p>Þe barreȝ of vche a bonk ful bigly me haldes,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>lont</i>] <i>lond</i> (?).</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +Thou possessest my life.</span> +<p>Þat I may lachche no <span class="texttag">lont</span> & +þ<i>o</i>u my lyf weldes;</p> +<p>Þ<i>o</i>u schal releue me renk, whil þy ryȝt slepeȝ,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line324" id="patience_line324">324</a></span> +Þurȝ myȝt of þy m<i>er</i>cy þ<i>a</i>t mukel is to tryste.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +In my anguish I remembered my God,</span> +<p>For when <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note325">þacces</a> +of anguych watȝ hid i<i>n</i> my sawle,</p> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne I remembred me ryȝt of my rych lorde,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and besought His pity.</span> +<p>Prayande hi<i>m</i> for peté his prophete to here,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line328" id="patience_line328">328</a></span> +Þat in-to his holy ho<i>us</i> myn orisou<i>n</i> moȝt entre.</p> +<p>I haf <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note329">meled</a> +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> þy maystres mony longe day,</p> +<p>Bot now I wot wyt<i>er</i>ly, þat þose vnwyse ledes</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>hy<em>m</em></i>] <i>hem</i> (?).</span> +<p>Þat affyen <span class="texttag">hy<i>m</i></span> i<i>n</i> vanyté +& i<i>n</i> vayne þy<i>n</i>ges,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>þi<em>n</em>k</i>] <i>þing</i> (?).</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line332" id="patience_line332">332</a></span> +For <span class="texttag">þi<i>n</i>k</span> þat mou<i>n</i>tes to +noȝt, her mercy forsaken;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +When I am delivered from this danger,</span> +<p>Bot I dewoutly awowe þat v<i>er</i>ray betȝ halden,</p> +<p>Soberly to do þe sacrafyse when I schal saue worþe,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +I will obey thy commands.”</span> +<p>& offer þe for my hele a ful hol gyfte,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line336" id="patience_line336">336</a></span> +& halde goud þat þ<i>o</i>u me hetes; haf here my trauthe.”</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +THE WHALE VOMITS UP JONAH.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +God speaks fiercely to the whale,<br> +and he vomits out the prophet on a dry space.</span> +<p>The<i>n</i>ne oure fader to þe fysch ferslych biddeȝ,</p> +<p>Þat he hy<i>m</i> sput spakly vpon <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note338">spare drye</a>;</p> +<p>Þe whal wendeȝ at his wylle & <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note339">a warþe</a> fyndeȝ,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line340" id="patience_line340">340</a></span> +& þ<i>er</i> he brakeȝ vp þe buyrne, as bede hy<i>m</i> oure +lorde.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Jonah has need to wash his clothes.</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne he swepe to þe sonde i<i>n</i> <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note341">sluchched</a> cloþes,</p> +<p>Hit may wel be þat <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note342">mest<i>er</i></a> were his mantyle to wasche;</p> + +<span class="pagenum">99</span> +<a name="page99" id="page99"> </a> + +<p>Þe bonk þat he blosched to & bode hy<i>m</i> bisyde,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line344" id="patience_line344">344</a></span> +Wern of þe regiou<i>n</i>es ryȝt þat he renayed hade;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +God’s word comes to the prophet.</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne a wynde of goddeȝ worde efte þe wyȝe <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note345">bruxleȝ</a>,</p> +<p>“Nylt þ<i>o</i>u neu<i>er</i> to nuniue bi no-ky<i>n</i>neȝ +wayeȝ?”</p> +<p>“Ȝisse lorde,” q<i>uod</i> þe lede, “lene me þy g<i>ra</i>ce</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>non</i>] MS. <i>mon</i>.</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +He is told to preach in Nineveh.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line348" id="patience_line348">348</a></span> +For to go at þi gre, me gayneȝ <span class="texttag">non</span> +oþ<i>er</i>.”</p> +<p>“Ris, aproche þe<i>n</i> to prech, lo þe place here!</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>loke</i>] <i>loken</i> (?).</span> +<p>Lo! my lore is i<i>n</i> þe <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note350">loke</a>, lance hit þer-<i>in</i>ne.”</p> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne þe renk radly ros as he myȝt,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +By night Jonah reaches the city.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line352" id="patience_line352">352</a></span> +& to niniue þat naȝt he neȝed ful euen;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Nineveh was a very great city.</span> +<p>Hit watȝ a ceté ful syde & selly of brede,</p> +<p>On to þrenge þ<i>er</i>-þurȝe watȝ þre dayes dede.</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +THE PROPHET PREACHES AGAINST NINEVEH.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 88<i>a</i>.]</span> +<p>Þat on Io<i>ur</i>nay ful Ioynt Ionas hy<i>m</i> ȝede,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line356" id="patience_line356">356</a></span> +Er eu<i>er</i> he warpped any worde to wyȝe þ<i>a</i>t he mette,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Jonah delivers his message;</span> +<p>& þe<i>n</i>ne he cryed so cler, þat ke<i>n</i>ne myȝt alle;</p> +<p>Þe trwe tenor of his teme he tolde on þis wyse:</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +“Yet forty days and Nineveh shall come to an end.</span> +<p>“Ȝet schal forty dayeȝ fully fare to an ende,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line360" id="patience_line360">360</a></span> +& þe<i>n</i>ne schal Niniue be nomen & to noȝt worþe;</p> +<p>Truly þis ilk tou<i>n</i> schal tylte to grou<i>n</i>de,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +It shall be turned upside down,<br> +and swallowed quickly by the black earth.”</span> +<p>Vp-so-dou<i>n</i> schal ȝe <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note362">du<i>m</i>pe</a> depe to þe abyme,</p> +<p>To be swolȝed swyftly wyth þe swart erþe,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line364" id="patience_line364">364</a></span> +& alle þat lyuyes here-i<i>n</i>ne <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note364">lose þe swete</a>.”</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +This speech spreads throughout the city.</span> +<p>Þis speche sprang i<i>n</i> þat space & spradde alle aboute,</p> +<p>To borges & to bacheleres, þat i<i>n</i> þat burȝ lenged;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Great fear seizes all.</span> +<p>Such a hidor hem bent & a hatel drede,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line368" id="patience_line368">368</a></span> +Þat al chau<i>n</i>ged her chere & chylled at þe hert.</p> +<p>Þe segge sesed not ȝet, bot sayde eu<i>er</i> ilyche</p> +<p>“Þe verray vengau<i>n</i>ce of god schal voyde þis place.”</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The people mourn secretly,</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne þe peple pitosly pleyned ful stylle,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line372" id="patience_line372">372</a></span> +& for þe drede of dryȝtyn <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note372">doured</a> i<i>n</i> hert;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +clothe themselves in sackcloth,</span> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#patience_note373">Het<i>er</i> hayreȝ +þay hent</a> þat asperly bited,</p> +<p>& þose þay bou<i>n</i>den to her bak & to her bare sydeȝ,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and cast ashes upon their heads.</span> +<p>Dropped dust on her hede & dy<i>m</i>ly bisoȝten,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line376" id="patience_line376">376</a></span> +Þat þat penau<i>n</i>ce plesed hi<i>m</i> þ<i>a</i>t playneȝ on her +wronge.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The message reaches the ears of the king.</span> +<p>& ay he cryes i<i>n</i> þ<i>a</i>t kyth tyl þe ky<i>n</i>g +herde;</p> +<p>& he radly vp-ros & ran fro his chayer,</p> +<span class="pagenum">100</span> +<a name="page100" id="page100"> </a> +<span class="sidenote"> +He rends his robes,</span> +<p>His ryche robe he to-rof of his rigge naked,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line380" id="patience_line380">380</a></span> +& of a hep of askes he hitte i<i>n</i> þe myddeȝ;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +clothes himself in sackloth,</span> +<p>He askeȝ heterly a hayre & hasped hy<i>m</i> vmbe,</p> +<p>Sewed a sekke þer abof, & syked ful colde;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and mourns in the dust.</span> +<p>Þer he dased i<i>n</i> þat duste, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> droppande +teres,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line384" id="patience_line384">384</a></span> +Wepande ful wonderly alle his wrange dedes.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He issues a decree,</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne sayde he to his seriau<i>n</i>tes, “samnes yow +bilyue,</p> +<p>Do dryue out a decre demed of my seluen,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +that all in the city, men, beasts, women and children, prince, priest, +and prelates,</span> +<p>Þat alle þe bodyes þat ben w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-i<i>n</i>ne þis borȝ +quyk,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line388" id="patience_line388">388</a></span> +Boþe burnes & bestes, burdeȝ & childer,</p> +<p>Vch prynce, vche prest & prelates alle,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +should fast for their sins.</span> +<p>Alle faste frely for her falce werkes;</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[<ins class="correction" title="missing sidenote supplied from 1864 edition">Fol. +88<i>b</i>.</ins>]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +Children are to be weaned from the breast.</span> +<p>Seseȝ childer of her sok, sogh<i>e</i> hem so neu<i>er</i>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line392" id="patience_line392">392</a></span> +Ne best bite on no brom, ne no bent nauþ<i>er</i>,</p> +<p>Passe to no pasture, ne pike non erbes,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The ox is to have no hay, nor the horse any water.</span> +<p>Ne non oxe to no hay, ne no horse to wat<i>er</i>;</p> +<p>Al schal crye <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note395">for-cle<i>m</i>med</a>, w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> alle oure +clere strenþe,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line396" id="patience_line396">396</a></span> +Þe <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note396">rurd</a> schal ryse +to hy<i>m</i> þat rawþe schal haue;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Who can tell if God will have mercy?</span> +<p>What wote oþer wyte may ȝif þe wyȝe lykes,</p> +<p>Þat is hende i<i>n</i> þe hyȝt of his gentryse?</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Though He is mighty,</span> +<p>I wot his myȝt is so much, þaȝ he be mysse-payed,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He is merciful,</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line400" id="patience_line400">400</a></span> +Þat i<i>n</i> his mylde <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note400">amesy<i>n</i>g</a> he m<i>er</i>cy may fynde;</p> +<p>& if we leuen þe layk of oure layth sy<i>n</i>nes,</p> +<p>& stylle steppen i<i>n</i> þe styȝe he styȝtleȝ hy<i>m</i> +seluen,</p> +<p>He wyl wende of his <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note403">wodschip</a>, & his wrath leue,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and may forgive us our guilt.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line404" id="patience_line404">404</a></span> +& for-gif v<i>us</i> þis gult ȝif we hy<i>m</i> god leuen.”</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +All believed and repented.</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne al leued on his lawe & laften her sy<i>n</i>nes,</p> +<p>Par-formed alle þe penau<i>n</i>ce þat þe prynce radde;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +God forgave them through his goodness.</span> +<p>& god þurȝ his godnesse forgef as he sayde,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line408" id="patience_line408">408</a></span> +Þaȝ he oþ<i>er</i> bihyȝt, [&] w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>-helde his +vengau<i>n</i>ce.</p> + + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +GOD’S MERCY DISPLEASES JONAH.</span></p> + +<h4><a name="patience_V" id="patience_V">V.</a></h4> + +<span class="sidenote firstline"> +Much sorrow settles upon Jonah.</span> +<p class="firstline"> +Muche sorȝe þe<i>n</i>ne satteled vpon segge Ionas,</p> +<p>He wex as wroth as þe wynde towarde oure lorde,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He becomes very angry.</span> +<p>So hatȝ ang<i>er</i> <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note411">onhit</a> his hert; he calleȝ</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He prays to God and says:</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line412" id="patience_line412">412</a></span> +A prayer to þe hyȝe prynce, for pyne, on þys wyse:</p> +<span class="pagenum">101</span> +<a name="page101" id="page101"> </a> +<span class="sidenote"> +“Was not this my saying, when Thy message reached me in my own +country?</span> +<p>“I biseche þe syre now þ<i>o</i>u self iugge,</p> +<p>Watȝ not þis ilk my worde þat worþen is nouþe,</p> +<p>Þat I kest i<i>n</i> my cu<i>n</i>tre, when þ<i>o</i>u þy carp +sendeȝ,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line416" id="patience_line416">416</a></span> +Þat I schulde tee to þys tou<i>n</i>, þi talent to preche?</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +I knew Thy great goodness,</span> +<p>Wel knew I þi cortaysye, þy quoy<i>n</i>t soffrau<i>n</i>ce.</p> +<p>Þy bou<i>n</i>té of debonerté & þy <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note418">bene</a> g<i>ra</i>ce,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Thy long-suffering,<br> +and Thy mercy.</span> +<p>Þy longe abydy<i>n</i>g wyth <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note419">lur</a>, þy late vengau<i>n</i>ce,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line420" id="patience_line420">420</a></span> +& ay þy mercy is mete, be mysse neu<i>er</i> so huge.</p> +<p>I wyst wel when I hade worded quatsoeu<i>er</i> I cowþe,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +I knew these men might make their peace with Thee,</span> +<p>To manace alle þise mody men þat i<i>n</i> þis mote dowelleȝ,</p> +<p>Wyth a prayer & a pyne þay myȝt her pese gete,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +therefore I fled unto Tarshish.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line424" id="patience_line424">424</a></span> +& þer-fore I wolde haf flowen fer i<i>n</i>-to tarce.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Take my life from me, O Lord!</span> +<p>Now lorde lach out my lyf, hit lastes to longe,</p> +<p>Bed me bilyue my <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note426">bale +sto<i>ur</i></a>, & bry<i>n</i>g me on ende,</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 89<i>a</i>.]</span> +<span class="sidenote"> +It is better for me to die than live.”</span> +<p>For me were swett<i>er</i> to swelt, as swyþe as me þynk,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line428" id="patience_line428">428</a></span> +Þe<i>n</i> lede lenger þi lore, þat þ<i>us</i> me les makeȝ.”</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +God upbraids Jonah, saying:</span> +<p>Þe sou<i>n</i> of oure sou<i>er</i>ayn þen swey i<i>n</i> his +ere,</p> +<p>Þat vpbraydes þis burne vpon a breme wyse:</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +“Is this right to be so wroth?”</span> +<p>“Herk renk! is þis ryȝt so ronkly to wrath,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line432" id="patience_line432">432</a></span> +For any dede þat I haf don oþ<i>er</i> demed þe ȝet?”</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Jonah, jangling, uprises,</span> +<p>Ionas al Ioyles & Ianglande vp-ryses</p> +<p>& haldeȝ out on est half of þe hyȝe place,</p> +<p>& farandely on a felde he fetteleȝ hy<i>m</i> to bide,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line436" id="patience_line436">436</a></span> +For to wayte on þat won what schulde worþe aft<i>er</i>.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and makes himself a bower,</span> +<p>Þer he busked hy<i>m</i> a bo<i>ur</i>, þe best þat he myȝt,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +of hay and ever-fern,</span> +<p>Of hay & of eu<i>er</i>-ferne & erbeȝ a fewe,</p> +<p>For hit watȝ playn i<i>n</i> þat place for plyande greueȝ,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +to shield him from the sun.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line440" id="patience_line440">440</a></span> +For to schylde fro þe schene, oþ<i>er</i> any schade keste.</p> +<p>He bowed vnder his lyttel boþe, his bak to þe su<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He slept heavily all night.</span> +<p>& þer he swowed & slept sadly al nyȝt,</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +JONAH IS SHELTERED BY A WOODBINE.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +God prepared a woodbine.</span> +<p>Þe whyle god of his grace ded growe of þat soyle,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line444" id="patience_line444">444</a></span> +Þe fayrest bynde hy<i>m</i> abof þat eu<i>er</i> burne wyste.</p> +<p>When þe dawande day dryȝtyn con sende,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Jonah awakes, and is exceedingly glad of the bower.</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne wakened þe wyȝ vnder wodbynde,</p> +<p>Loked alofte on þe lef þat <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note447">lylled</a> grene;</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line448" id="patience_line448">448</a></span> +Such a <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note448">lefsel</a> of lof +neu<i>er</i> lede hade,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">102</span> +<a name="page102" id="page102"> </a> + +<p>For hit watȝ brod at þe boþem, <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note449">boȝted</a> onlofte,</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#patience_note450">Happed</a> vpon +ayþ<i>er</i> half a ho<i>us</i> as hit were,</p> +<p><a class="noteref" href="#patience_note451">A nos</a> on þe norþ +syde & nowhere non elleȝ,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line452" id="patience_line452">452</a></span> +Bot al schet i<i>n</i> a <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note452">schaȝe</a> þat schaded ful cole.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The prophet, under its gracious leaves,</span> +<p>Þe gome <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note453">glyȝt</a> on +þe grene g<i>ra</i>ciouse leues,</p> +<p>Þat eu<i>er</i> wayued a wynde so wyþe & so cole;</p> +<p>Þe schyre su<i>n</i>ne hit vmbe-schon, þaȝ no schafte myȝt</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +is protected from the sun’s rays.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line456" id="patience_line456">456</a></span> +Þe mou<i>n</i>tau<i>n</i>ce of a lyttel mote, vpon þat man schyne,</p> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne watȝ þe gome so glad of his gay logge,</p> +<p>Lys loltrande þer-i<i>n</i>ne, lokande to toune,</p> +<p>So blyþe of his wodbynde he balt<i>er</i>es þer vnde[r],</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>þe</i>] <i>de</i> altered to þe.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line460" id="patience_line460">460</a></span> +Þat of no diete þat day <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note460"><span class="texttag">þe</span> deuel</a> haf, he +roȝt;</p> +<p>& eu<i>er</i> he laȝed as he loked þe loge alle aboute,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Jonah wishes he had such a lodge in his own country.</span> +<p>& wysched hit were i<i>n</i> his kyth, þer he wony schulde,</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 89<ins class="correction" title="error (89b before 89a) also in 1864"><i>b</i></ins>.]</span> +<p>On heȝe vpon Effraym oþ<i>er</i> ermo<i>n</i>nes hilleȝ,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line464" id="patience_line464">464</a></span> +“I-wysse a worþloker won to welde I neu<i>er</i> keped.”</p> +<p>& quen hit neȝed to naȝt nappe hy<i>m</i> bihoued;</p> +<p>He slydeȝ on a slou<i>m</i>be, slep slogh<i>e</i> vnder leues,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +God prepared a worm,<br> +that made the woodbine wither.</span> +<p>Whil god wayned a worme þat wrot vpe þe rote,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line468" id="patience_line468">468</a></span> +& wyddered watȝ þe wodbynde bi þat þe wyȝe wakned;</p> +<p>& syþen he warneȝ þe west to waken ful softe,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>vnte</i>] <i>vnto</i> (?).</span> +<p>& sayeȝ <span class="texttag">vnte</span> ȝefer<i>us</i> þat he +<a class="noteref" href="#patience_note470">syfle</a> warme,</p> +<p>Þat þer quikken no cloude bi-fore þe cler su<i>n</i>ne,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line472" id="patience_line472">472</a></span> +& ho schal busch vp ful brode & bre<i>n</i>ne as a candel.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Jonah awakes and finds his woodbine destroyed.</span> +<p>Þen wakened þe wyȝe of his <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note473">wyl</a> dremes,</p> +<p>& blusched to his wodbynde þat broþely watȝ marred,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The leaves were all faded.</span> +<p>Al welwed & wasted þo worþelych leues;</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line476" id="patience_line476">476</a></span> +Þe schyre su<i>n</i>ne hade hem schent, er eu<i>er</i> þe schalk +wyst,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +The sun beat upon the head of Jonah.</span> +<p>& þe<i>n</i> hef vp þe hete & het<i>er</i>ly +bre<i>n</i>ned;</p> +<p>Þe warm wynde of þe weste <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note478">wert<i>es</i> he swyþeȝ</a>.</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +HE LAMENTS ITS DESTRUCTION.</span></p> + +<p>Þe man marred on þe molde þat moȝt hy<i>m</i> not hyde,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line480" id="patience_line480">480</a></span> +His wodbynde watȝ away, he weped for sorȝe,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He is exceedingly angry,</span> +<p>“With hatel ang<i>er</i> & hot, het<i>er</i>ly he calleȝ:</p> +<p>A! þ<i>o</i>u maker of man, what mayst<i>er</i>y þe þynkeȝ</p> +<p>Þ<i>us</i> þy freke to forfare forbi alle oþ<i>er</i>,</p> + +<span class="pagenum">103</span> +<a name="page103" id="page103"> </a> + +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line484" id="patience_line484">484</a></span> +W<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> alle meschef þat þ<i>o</i>u may, neu<i>er</i> +þ<i>o</i>u me spareȝ?</p> +<p>I keu<i>er</i>ed me a cu<i>m</i>fort þat now is caȝt fro me,</p> +<p>My wod-bynde so wlonk þat <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note486">wered</a> my heued,</p> +<p>Bot now I se þ<i>o</i>u art sette my solace to reue;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +and prays God that he may die.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line488" id="patience_line488">488</a></span> +Why ne dyȝtteȝ þ<i>o</i>u me to diȝe; I dure to longe?”</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +God rebukes the prophet.</span> +<p>Ȝet oure lorde to þe lede <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note489">lansed</a> a speche:</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +“Dost thou well,” He says, “to be angry for the gourd?”</span> +<p>“Is þis ryȝt-wys þ<i>o</i>u renk, alle þy ronk noyse,</p> +<p>So wroth for a wodbynde to wax so sone,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line492" id="patience_line492">492</a></span> +Why art þ<i>o</i>u so <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note492">waymot</a> wyȝe for so lyttel?”</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Jonah replies, “I would I were dead.”</span> +<p>“Hit is not lyttel,” q<i>uod</i> þe lede, “bot lykker to ryȝt,</p> +<p>I wolde I were of þis worlde wrapped i<i>n</i> moldeȝ.”</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +God asks if it is to be wondered at that He should help His handy +work.</span> +<p>“Þe<i>n</i>ne byþenk þe mon, if þe for-þynk sore,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line496" id="patience_line496">496</a></span> +If I wolde help my honde werk, haf þ<i>o</i>u no wonder;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Is not Jonah angry that his woodbine is destroyed, which cost him no +labour?</span> +<p>Þ<i>o</i>u art waxen so wroth for þy wod-bynde,</p> +<p>& trauayledeȝ neu<i>er</i> to tent hit þe tyme of an howre,</p> +<span class="sidenote page">[Fol. 89<ins class="correction" title="error (89b before 89a) also in 1864"><i>a</i></ins>.]</span> +<p>Bot at a wap hit here wax & away at an oþ<i>er</i>,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line500" id="patience_line500">500</a></span> +& ȝet lykeȝ þe so luþ<i>er</i>, þi lyf woldeȝ þ<i>o</i>u tyne;</p> + +<p class="headnote"><span class="headnote"> +GOD JUSTIFIES HIS MERCY AND FORBEARANCE.</span></p> + +<span class="sidenote"> +God is not to be blamed for taking pity upon people that He made.</span> +<p>Þe<i>n</i>ne wyte not me for þe werk þat I hit wolde help,</p> +<p>& rwe on þo redles þat <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note502">remen</a> for sy<i>n</i>ne.</p> +<p>Fyrst I made he<i>m</i> myself of mat<i>er</i>es my<i>n</i> one,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line504" id="patience_line504">504</a></span> +& syþen I loked he<i>m</i> ful longe & hem on lode hade;</p> +<p>& if I my trauayl schulde tyne of t<i>er</i>mes so longe,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Should He destroy Nineveh the sorrow of such a sweet place would sink to +His heart.</span> +<p>& type dou<i>n</i> ȝonder tou<i>n</i> when hit turned were,</p> +<p>Þe sor of such a swete place burde synk to my hert,</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line508" id="patience_line508">508</a></span> +So mony malicio<i>us</i> mon as mo<i>ur</i>neȝ +þ<i>er</i>-i<i>n</i>ne;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +In the city there are little bairns who have done no wrong.</span> +<p>& of þat <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note509">sou<i>m</i>me</a> ȝet arn su<i>m</i>me such sotteȝ +for madde,</p> +<p>As lyttel barneȝ on barme þat neuer bale wroȝt,</p> +<p>& wy<i>m</i>men vnwytté þat wale ne couþe</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>for</i>] MS. <i>fol</i>.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line512" id="patience_line512">512</a></span> +Þat on hande fro þat oþ<i>er</i> <span class="texttag">for</span> alle +þis hyȝe worlde,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +And there are others who cannot discern between their right hand and +their left hand.</span> +<p>Bitwene þe stele & þe stayre disserne noȝt cu<i>n</i>en,</p> +<p>What rule renes i<i>n</i> rou<i>n</i> bitwene þe ryȝt hande</p> +<p>& his lyfte, þaȝ his lyf schulde lost be þer-for;</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +There are also dumb beasts in the city incapable of sinning.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line516" id="patience_line516">516</a></span> +& als þer ben dou<i>m</i>be besteȝ i<i>n</i> þe burȝ mony,</p> +<p>Þat may not sy<i>n</i>ne i<i>n</i> no syt hem seluen to greue,</p> +<p>Why schulde I wrath wyth hem, syþe<i>n</i> wyȝeȝ wyl torne,</p> +<span class="sidenote text"> +<i>cu<em>m</em></i>] <i>Or</i> cu<i>n</i>.</span> +<p>& <span class="texttag">cu<i>m</i></span> & cnawe me for +ky<i>n</i>g, & my carpe leue?</p> + +<span class="pagenum">104</span> +<a name="page104" id="page104"> </a> + +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line520" id="patience_line520">520</a></span> +Wer I as hastif a[s] þ<i>o</i>u, heere were harme lu<i>m</i>pen,</p> +<p>Couþe I not þole bot as þ<i>o</i>u þer þryued ful fewe;</p> +<p>I may not be so mal[i]cio<i>us</i> & mylde be halden,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Judgment must be tempered with mercy.</span> +<p>For malyse is noȝ[t] to may<i>n</i>tyne boute mercy +w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i>i<i>n</i>ne;</p> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line524" id="patience_line524">524</a></span> +Be noȝt so <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note524">gryndel</a> +god man, bot go forth þy wayes.”</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +He that is too hasty to rend his clothes must afterwards sit with worse +ones to sew them together.</span> +<p>Be preue & be pacient, i<i>n</i> payne & i<i>n</i> Ioye,</p> +<p>For he þat is to <a class="noteref" href="#patience_note526">rakel</a> to renden his cloþeȝ,</p> +<p>Mot efte sitte w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> more vn-sou<i>n</i>de to sewe +he<i>m</i> togeder.</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Poverty and pain must be endured.</span> +<p><span class="linenum"><a name="patience_line528" id="patience_line528">528</a></span> +For-þy when pou<i>er</i>té me enpreceȝ & payneȝ i<i>n</i>-noȝe,</p> +<p>Ful softly w<i>i</i>t<i>h</i> suffrau<i>n</i>ce saȝttel me +bihoueȝ,</p> +<span class="sidenote"> +Patience is a noble point, though it displeases oft.</span> +<p>For þe penau<i>n</i>ce & payne to preue hit i<i>n</i> syȝt,</p> +<p>Þat pacience is a nobel poy<i>n</i>t, þaȝ hit displese ofte. +Amen.</p> + +</div> + + +<div class="notes"> + +<span class="pagenum">115</span> +<h4 class="smallcaps"><a name="patience_notes" id="patience_notes">Notes to Patience.</a></h4> + +<p class="mynote"> +All Notes were originally printed here, between <i>Patience</i> and the +Glossarial Index. The Notes for <i>The Pearl</i> and <i>Cleanness</i> +come immediately after their respective poems.</p> + +<table class="notes" summary="two columns of text"> +<tr> +<td class="full"><p>Page 89.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="patience_note3" id="patience_note3" href="#patience">3</a> <i>þe swelme leþe</i>, lessen the heat.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note4" id="patience_note4" href="#patience_line4">4</a> <i>qued</i>, evil.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note5" id="patience_note5" href="#patience_line4">5</a> <i>syt</i>, sorrow; <i>sele</i>, +happiness.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note6" id="patience_note6" href="#patience_line4">6</a> <i>þro</i>, anger.</p> + +<p class="float"><a name="patience_note7" id="patience_note7" href="#patience_line4">7</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>þen is better to abyde þe bur vmbe-stoundes</i>,</p> +<p class="gloss">Then is it better to abide the blow sometimes.</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="patience_note10" id="patience_note10" href="#patience_line8">10</a> <i>melede</i>, related.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note11" id="patience_note11" href="#patience_line8">11</a> <i>aȝt</i>, eight.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note12" id="patience_note12" href="#patience_line12">12</a> <i>sunder-lupes</i>, severally.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note13" id="patience_note13" href="#patience_line12">13</a> <i>happen</i>, blessed.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 90.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="patience_note30" id="patience_note30" href="#patience_line28">30</a> <i>lyknyng</i>, likeness; <i>þewes</i>, +virtues.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note42" id="patience_note42" href="#patience_line40">42</a> <i>lyke oþer greme</i>, pleasing or +displeasing.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note47" id="patience_note47" href="#patience_line44">47</a> <i>lyȝtloker</i>, more easily; +<i>lotes</i>, forms.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note50" id="patience_note50" href="#patience_line48">50</a> <i>what dowes me þe dedayn</i>, what avails me +anger.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note53" id="patience_note53" href="#patience_line52">53</a> <i>grayþed</i>, availed.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note56" id="patience_note56" href="#patience_line56">56</a> <i>þe</i>(<i>t</i>) <i>had bowed</i>, etc., +That should have been obedient.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 91.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="patience_note63" id="patience_note63" href="#patience_line60">63</a> <i>Goddes glam to hym glod</i>, God’s message +came to him.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note66" id="patience_note66" href="#patience_line64">66</a> <i>wythouten oþer speche</i>, without +contradiction, without more words.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note67" id="patience_note67" href="#patience_line64">67</a> <i>my saȝes soghe</i>, etc., my saws (words) +sow, etc.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note77" id="patience_note77" href="#patience_line76">77</a> <i>typped schrewes</i>, great sinners; +literally, extreme, tip-top, schrews.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note78" id="patience_note78" href="#patience_line76">78</a> <i>ta me</i>, take me, seize me.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note82" id="patience_note82" href="#patience_line80">82</a> <i>mansed</i>, cursed.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note94" id="patience_note94" href="#patience_line92">94</a> <i>glwande</i>, glowing, bright; +<i>gloumbes</i>, sees (indistinctly).</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 92.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="patience_note98" id="patience_note98" href="#patience_line96">98</a> <i>to the fare</i>, to the voyage.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note101" id="patience_note101" href="#patience_line100">101</a> <i>tramme</i>, gear.</p> + +<p class="float"><a name="patience_note104" id="patience_note104" +href="#patience_line104">104</a></p> +<div class="verse"> +<p><i>Sprude spak to þe sprete þe spare bawlyne</i>,</p> +<p class="gloss">Spread quickly to the sprit the spar bowline (?).</p> +</div> + +<p><a name="patience_note106" id="patience_note106" href="#patience_line104">106</a> <i>ladde-borde</i>, larboard.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note107" id="patience_note107" href="#patience_line104">107</a> <i>blyþe breþe</i>, gentle wind; +<i>bosum</i>, tide.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note108" id="patience_note108" href="#patience_line108">108</a> <i>He</i> refers to <i>breþe</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note112" id="patience_note112" href="#patience_line112">112</a> <i>maȝt</i>, might; <i>mere</i>, +sea.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note115" id="patience_note115" href="#patience_line112">115</a> <i>wenyng</i>, supposition.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note117" id="patience_note117" href="#patience_line116">117</a> <i>burde</i>, behoved.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note119" id="patience_note119" href="#patience_line116">119</a> <i>demed</i>, uttered.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note122" id="patience_note122" href="#patience_line120">122</a> <i>stapefole</i> = <i>stapeful</i> = high +(?)</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 93.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="patience_note131" id="patience_note131" href="#patience_line128">131</a> <i>crafte</i>, power.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note135" id="patience_note135" href="#patience_line132">135</a> <i>tom</i>, interval.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note140" id="patience_note140" href="#patience_line140">140</a> <i>souȝed</i>, sobbed, moaned; +<i>selly</i>, marvel.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note141" id="patience_note141" href="#patience_line140">141</a> <i>wonne</i>, pale.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note143" id="patience_note143" href="#patience_line140">143</a> <i>busched</i> = <i>busked</i>, went.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note144" id="patience_note144" href="#patience_line144">144</a> <i>for roȝ</i> = for roughness.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note148" id="patience_note148" href="#patience_line148">148</a> <i>bur</i> = wave.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note150" id="patience_note150" href="#patience_line148">150</a> <i>to murte</i>, (?) <i>to-marte</i>, +crushed, broken in pieces.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note152" id="patience_note152" href="#patience_line152">152</a> <i>coge</i>, boat.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note155" id="patience_note155" href="#patience_line152">155</a> <i>scaþel</i>, hurtful, dangerous.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note156" id="patience_note156" href="#patience_line156">156</a> <i>lode</i> = <i>lote</i>, lot.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note160" id="patience_note160" href="#patience_line160">160</a> <i>leþe</i>, calm, quiet.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note161" id="patience_note161" href="#patience_line160">161</a> <i>lot</i>, noise, roar.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 94.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="patience_note173" id="patience_note173" href="#patience_line172">173</a> <i>I lovne</i>, I offer (this advice), +propose.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note183" id="patience_note183" href="#patience_line180">183</a> <i>flode lotes</i>, the noises of the +flood.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note184" id="patience_note184" href="#patience_line184">184</a> <i>brede</i>, board.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note185" id="patience_note185" href="#patience_line184">185</a> <i>hurrok</i>, oar.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note191" id="patience_note191" href="#patience_line188">191</a> <i>runyschly</i>, fiercely.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note192" id="patience_note192" href="#patience_line192">192</a> <i>slaȝte</i>, strokes.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note198" id="patience_note198" href="#patience_line196">198</a> <i>lastes</i>, crimes.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 95.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="patience_note208" id="patience_note208" href="#patience_line208">208</a> <i>at a worde one</i>, at a word alone.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note213" id="patience_note213" href="#patience_line212">213</a> <i>ossed</i>, showed, proved; +<i>vnnynges</i>, signs.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note216" id="patience_note216" href="#patience_line216">216</a> <i>ruyt</i>, rush, hasten.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note227" id="patience_note227" href="#patience_line224">227</a> <i>baleleȝ</i>, innocent.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note229" id="patience_note229" href="#patience_line228">229</a> <i>synne</i>, after.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 96.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="patience_note247" id="patience_note247" href="#patience_line244">247</a> <i>as wyrde þen schaped</i>, as fate then +devised.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note255" id="patience_note255" href="#patience_line252">255</a> <i>malskred</i>, entranced, bewildered.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note258" id="patience_note258" href="#patience_line256">258</a> <i>warlowes</i>, monster’s.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note259" id="patience_note259" href="#patience_line256">259</a> <i>lyue</i> = <i>leue</i>, believe.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note262" id="patience_note262" href="#patience_line260">262</a> <i>wauleȝ</i> = shelterless, destitute, but +<i>wanleȝ</i> = <i>wonleȝ</i> = hopeless, is perhaps a better +reading.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note268" id="patience_note268" href="#patience_line268">268</a> <i>chawleȝ</i>, jaws.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note269" id="patience_note269" href="#patience_line268">269</a> <i>glaymande glette</i>, slimy mud.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note270" id="patience_note270" href="#patience_line268">270</a> <i>rop</i>, gut, intestine.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 97.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="patience_note273" id="patience_note273" href="#patience_line272">273</a> <ins class="correction" title="body text and glossary have ‘fathme(ȝ)’"><i>faþmeȝ</i></ins>, gropes.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note275" id="patience_note275" href="#patience_line272">275</a> <i>saym</i>, fat, grease.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note277" id="patience_note277" href="#patience_line276">277</a> <i>le</i>, shelter.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note291" id="patience_note291" href="#patience_line288">291</a> <i>merk</i>, darkness.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note292" id="patience_note292" href="#patience_line292">292</a> <i>bulk</i>, stern.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note302" id="patience_note302" href="#patience_line300">302</a> <i>borne</i> = <i>burne</i>, man.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 98.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="patience_note309" id="patience_note309" href="#patience_line308">309</a> <i>flem</i> = <i>flum</i>, stream.</p> + +<p><a class="error" name="patience_note317" id="patience_note317" +href="#patience_line316" title="text reads ‘316’">317</a> <i>to my +wo stoundeȝ</i> = ? until my woe over-powers (confounds) me.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note320" id="patience_note320" href="#patience_line320">320</a> <i>to laste</i> ? to the last; +<i>mere</i>, boundary.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note325" id="patience_note325" href="#patience_line324">325</a> <i>þacces</i>, blows.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note329" id="patience_note329" href="#patience_line328">329</a> <i>meled</i>, conversed.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note338" id="patience_note338" href="#patience_line336">338</a> <i>spare drye</i> dry <i>spar</i> (rafter) +but ? <i>spare</i> = <i>space</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note339" id="patience_note339" href="#patience_line336">339</a> <i>a warthe</i>, a ford.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note341" id="patience_note341" href="#patience_line340">341</a> <i>sluchched</i> = <i>sluched</i>, dirty, +muddy.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note342" id="patience_note342" href="#patience_line340">342</a> <i>mester</i>, need.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td> +<span class="pagenum">116</span> +<a name="page116" id="page116"> </a> +<p>P. 99.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="patience_note345" id="patience_note345" href="#patience_line344">345</a> <i>bruxleȝ</i>, reproaches, upbraids,</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note350" id="patience_note350" href="#patience_line348">350</a> <i>loke</i> = <i>loken</i>, fastened.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note362" id="patience_note362" href="#patience_line360">362</a> <i>dumpe</i>, be thrust.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note364" id="patience_note364" href="#patience_line364">364</a> <i>swete</i>, life; <i>to lose þe swete</i> += to lose the (sweet) life.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note372" id="patience_note372" href="#patience_line372">372</a> <i>doured</i>, mourned, grieved. Cf. Sc. +<i>dour</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note373" id="patience_note373" href="#patience_line372">373</a> <i>Heter hayreȝ þay hent</i>, etc., rough +hair shirts they took, etc.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 100.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="patience_note395" id="patience_note395" href="#patience_line392">395</a> <i>for-clemmed</i>, very hungry, +starved.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note396" id="patience_note396" href="#patience_line396">396</a> <i>rurd</i>, cry.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note400" id="patience_note400" href="#patience_line400">400</a> <i>amesyng</i> = <i>mesyng</i> = +<i>mese</i>, pity, mercy.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note403" id="patience_note403" href="#patience_line400">403</a> <i>wodschip</i>, wrath.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note411" id="patience_note411" href="#patience_line408">411</a> <i>on-hit</i>, struck or inflamed (?); +<i>calleȝ</i>, addresses.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 101.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="patience_note418" id="patience_note418" href="#patience_line416">418</a> <i>bene</i>, bountiful, kind.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note419" id="patience_note419" href="#patience_line416">419</a> <i>lur</i>, loss.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note426" id="patience_note426" href="#patience_line424">426</a> <i>bale-stour</i>, death-pang; <i>bale</i> +in the sense of death is not very common.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note447" id="patience_note447" href="#patience_line444">447</a> <i>lylled</i>, flourished.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note448" id="patience_note448" href="#patience_line448">448</a> <i>lefsel</i> = <i>leaf-bower</i>. See +Glossary.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 102.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="patience_note449" id="patience_note449" href="#patience_line448">449</a> <i>boȝted</i>, curved.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note450" id="patience_note450" href="#patience_line448">450</a> <i>happed</i>, covered.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note451" id="patience_note451" href="#patience_line448">451</a> <i>a nos</i> = a projection, opening (?) or +is it a clerical error for <i>abof</i> = <i>above</i>.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note452" id="patience_note452" href="#patience_line452">452</a> <i>schaȝe</i> = wood, shaw.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note453" id="patience_note453" href="#patience_line452">453</a> <i>glyȝt</i>, glanced.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note460" id="patience_note460" href="#patience_line460">460</a> <i>þe deuel</i> ? <i>ded euel</i>, did +evil.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note470" id="patience_note470" href="#patience_line468">470</a> <i>syfle</i>, blow.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note473" id="patience_note473" href="#patience_line472">473</a> <i>wyl</i>, wandering.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note478" id="patience_note478" href="#patience_line476">478</a> <i>wertes he swyþeȝ</i>, herbs he +scorches.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 103.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="patience_note486" id="patience_note486" href="#patience_line484">486</a> <i>wered</i>, protected.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note489" id="patience_note489" href="#patience_line488">489</a> <i>lansed</i>, uttered.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note492" id="patience_note492" href="#patience_line492">492</a> <i>waymot</i> = angry, passionate.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note502" id="patience_note502" href="#patience_line500">502</a> <i>remen</i>, mourn, lament.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note509" id="patience_note509" href="#patience_line508">509</a> <i>soumme</i>, company.</p> +</td> +</tr> + +<tr> +<td><p>P. 104.</p></td> +<td> +<p class="backset"> +l. <a name="patience_note524" id="patience_note524" href="#patience_line524">524</a> <i>gryndel</i>, angry.</p> + +<p><a name="patience_note526" id="patience_note526" href="#patience_line524">526</a> <i>rakel</i>, hasty.</p> +</td> +</tr> +</table> + +</div> + +</div> +<!-- end div maintext --> + +</body> +</html> |
