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+*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 30260 ***
+
+UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS
+
+MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
+
+Volume 14, No. 10, pp. 135-138, 2 figs.
+
+April 30, 1962
+
+
+A New Doglike Carnivore, Genus Cynarctus,
+From the Clarendonian, Pliocene, of Texas
+
+BY
+
+E. RAYMOND HALL and WALTER W. DALQUEST
+
+
+UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS
+
+LAWRENCE
+
+1962
+
+
+
+
+UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
+
+Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, Henry S. Fitch,
+Theodore H. Eaton, Jr.
+
+
+Volume 14, No. 10, pp. 135-138, 2 figs.
+Published April 30, 1962
+
+UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS
+Lawrence, Kansas
+
+PRINTED BY
+
+JEAN M. NEIBARGER, STATE PRINTER
+
+TOPEKA, KANSAS
+
+1962
+
+29-2890
+
+
+
+
+A New Doglike Carnivore, Genus Cynarctus,
+From the Clarendonian, Pliocene, of Texas
+
+BY
+
+E. RAYMOND HALL and WALTER W. DALQUEST
+
+
+A study of a right maxilla bearing P3-M1 and part of a right mandibular
+ramus bearing m2 (see figures) reveals the existence of an unnamed
+species of cynarctine carnivore. It may be known as:
+
+=Cynarctus fortidens= new species
+
+    _Holotype._--Right maxilla bearing P3, P4, and M1, No. 11353
+    KU; bluff on west side of Turkey Creek, approximately 75
+    feet above stream, Raymond Farr Ranch, Center NE, NE, S. 48
+    Blk. C-3, E. L. and R. R. Ry. Co., Donley County, Texas
+    [approximately 6.5 miles north and 1 mile east of
+    Clarendon], Clarendon fauna, Early Pliocene age. Obtained by
+    W. W. Dalquest, on June 25, 1960.
+
+    _Referred material._--Fragment of right lower mandible
+    bearing m2, No. 11354 KU (see fig. 2), found about two feet
+    horizontally distant from the holotype in the same stratum
+    as the holotype and on the same date by the same collector
+    (a staff member of the Department of Biology of Midwestern
+    University, Wichita Falls, Texas).
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 1. _Cynarctus fortidens_, No. 11353 KU (Midwestern
+Univ. No. 2044). Lateral view of holotype × 1, and occlusal view of
+check-teeth × 2.]
+
+[Illustration: FIG. 2. _Cynarctus fortidens_, No. 11354 KU (Midwestern
+Univ. No. 2045). Lateral view of right lower mandible and m2 × 1 and
+oblique occlusal view of m2 × 2.]
+
+    _Diagnosis._--Size large (see measurements); no accessory
+    cusp between protocone and paracone of fourth upper
+    premolar; first upper molar longer than broad and lacking
+    cingulum on part of tooth lingual to protocone.
+
+    _Comparisons._--From _Cynarctus crucidens_ Barbour and Cook
+    (see page 225 of Two New Fossil Dogs of the Genus Cynarctus
+    from Nebraska. Nebraska Geol. Surv., 4(pt. 15):223-227,
+    1914; also pages 330 and 338 of Dental Morphologie of the
+    Procyonidae with a Description of Cynarctoides, Gen. Nov.
+    Geol. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 6:323-339, 10 figs.,
+    October 31, 1938) _C. fortidens_ differs in lacking, instead
+    of having, an accessory cusp between the protocone and
+    paracone of the fourth upper premolar and in lacking,
+    instead of having, a cingulum on the part of P4 that is
+    internal (lingual) to the protocone.
+
+    _Remarks._--The lower jaw and its second molar seem to be
+    from an individual significantly larger than the holotype.
+    Possibly the lower jaw and upper jaw are from two species but
+    the lower jaw probably is from a male and the upper jaw from
+    a female of the same species.
+
+    Reasons for regarding _Cynarctus_ as belonging to the family
+    Canidae instead of to the family Procyonidae have been stated
+    recently in detail by E. C. Galbreath (Remarks on
+    _Cynarctoides acridens_ from the Miocene of Colorado. Trans.
+    Kansas Acad. Sci., 59(3):373-378, 1 fig., October 31, 1956)
+    and need not be repeated here. Although some uncertainty
+    remains as to the familial position of _Cynarctus_, we favor
+    Galbreath's view that the genus belongs in the family
+    Canidae.
+
+    The holotype of _Cynarctus crucidens_ is from Williams
+    Canyon, Brown County, Nebraska. According to C. B. Schultz
+    (_in litt._, December 6, 1961), Williams Canyon is a
+    tributary of Plumb Creek; the upper part of the Valentine
+    formation and the younger lower part of the Ash Hollow
+    formation are exposed in Williams Canyon; which one of these
+    formations yielded the holotype of _C. crucidens_ is unknown.
+
+    On the basis of the correlation chart (Pl. 1 in Nomenclature
+    and Correlation of the North American Continental Tertiary.
+    Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., 52(pt. 1):1-48, 1941) by H. E. Wood
+    2nd _et al._, _C. fortidens_ and _C. crucidens_ are
+    equivalent in age or _C. fortidens_ is the younger.
+
+    The rounded summits of the principal cusps of the teeth of
+    _C. fortidens_ suggests that it was mainly frugivorous
+    instead of carnivorous--more frugivorous by far than the
+    living gray fox, _Urocyon cinereoargenteus_, that is known to
+    eat substantial amounts of fruits and berries. Indeed, no
+    other canid that we know of has teeth so much adapted to a
+    frugivorous diet as are those of _C. fortidens_. Its degree
+    of adaptation to a frugivorous diet is more than in the
+    procyonid genus _Nasua_ but less than in the procyonid genus
+    _Bassaricyon_.
+
+    _Measurements_ (of crowns) of _C. fortidens_.--P3-M1, length,
+    25.8 (millimeters); P4-M1, 18.9; P3, length, 6.2; P3,
+    breadth, 2.8; P4, length of outer border, 9.3; P4, breadth,
+    7.05; M1, length, 9.7; M1, breadth, 9.3; m2, length, 10.3;
+    m2, breadth, 6.6; depth of mandible at posterior end of m2,
+    17; thickness of mandible, 7.1.
+
+
+_Transmitted February 21, 1962._
+
+
+29-2890
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A New Doglike Carnivore, Genus
+Cynarctus, From the Clarendonian, Pliocene, of Texas, by E. Raymond Hall and Walter W.  Dalquest
+
+*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 30260 ***