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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of A Poetical Review of the Literary and Moral
+Character of the late Samuel Johnson (1786), by John Courtenay
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: A Poetical Review of the Literary and Moral Character of the late Samuel Johnson (1786)
+
+Author: John Courtenay
+
+Editor: Robert E. Kelley
+
+Release Date: July 5, 2009 [EBook #29324]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SAMUEL JOHNSON ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Chris Curnow, Stephanie Eason, Joseph Cooper
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+  THE AUGUSTAN REPRINT SOCIETY
+
+  John Courtenay
+
+  A
+  POETICAL REVIEW
+  OF THE LITERARY
+  AND MORAL CHARACTER
+  OF THE LATE
+  _SAMUEL JOHNSON_
+
+  (1786)
+
+  _Introduction by_
+  ROBERT E. KELLEY
+
+  PUBLICATION NUMBER 133
+
+  WILLIAM ANDREWS CLARK MEMORIAL LIBRARY
+  UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES
+
+  1969
+
+
+
+
+  GENERAL EDITORS
+  William E. Conway, _William Andrews Clark Memorial Library_
+  George Robert Guffey, _University of California, Los Angeles_
+  Maximillian E. Novak, _University of California, Los Angeles_
+
+
+  ASSOCIATE EDITOR
+  David S. Rodes, _University of California, Los Angeles_
+
+
+  ADVISORY EDITORS
+  Richard C. Boys, _University of Michigan_
+  James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_
+  Ralph Cohen, _University of Virginia_
+  Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_
+  Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_
+  Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_
+  Earl Miner, _University of California, Los Angeles_
+  Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_
+  Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_
+  Lawrence Clark Powell, _William Andrews Clark Memorial Library_
+  James Sutherland, _University College, London_
+  H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_
+  Robert Vosper, _William Andrews Clark Memorial Library_
+
+
+  CORRESPONDING SECRETARY
+  Edna C. Davis, _William Andrews Clark Memorial Library_
+
+
+  EDITORIAL ASSISTANT
+  Mary Kerbret, _William Andrews Clark Memorial Library_
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTION
+
+
+The eighteenth century was an age addicted to gossiping about its
+literary figures. This addiction was nowhere better demonstrated than
+by the countless reflections, sermons, poems, pamphlets, biographical
+sketches, and biographies about Samuel Johnson. The most productive
+phase of this activity commenced almost immediately after Johnson's
+death in December, 1784, and continued into the next century.
+
+One item of Johnsoniana which seems to have been neglected, perhaps
+because Birkbeck Hill did not include it in his _Johnsonian
+Miscellanies_, is _A Poetical Review of the Literary and Moral
+Character of the Late Samuel Johnson, L.L.D., with Notes_. This poem
+of three hundred and four lines was written by John Courtenay
+(1741-1816). First published in the spring of 1786 by Charles Dilly,
+the poem went through three editions in the same year. Its popularity
+was determined less by Courtenay's poetic talent than by public
+interest in the Johnsoniana that flooded the market. Courtenay's
+literary output, though scanty, was diverse; he wrote light verse,
+character sketches, and essays, including two controversial pieces in
+support of the French Revolution.[1] It is apparent, however, that for
+him writing was hardly more than an avocation.
+
+Despite his notoriety as a controversial member of Parliament, as a
+first-rate wit, and as an intimate friend of Boswell, Courtenay
+remains a shadowy figure. References to him occur often in the last
+volumes of Boswell's journal, but few of them are particularly
+revealing. Courtenay evidently never met Johnson; indeed, the
+anonymous author of _A Poetical Epistle from the Ghost of Dr. Johnson
+to His Four Friends: The Rev. Mr. Strahan. James Boswell, Esq. Mrs.
+Piozzi. J. Courtenay, Esq. M.P._ (1786) censures Courtenay for writing
+about a man whom he did not know. Although a member of the Literary
+Club, Courtenay did not join this group until four years after Johnson
+died. He was proposed on 9 December 1788, by Sir Joshua Reynolds
+(Boswell seconded), and elected two weeks later, on 23 December,
+during the same meeting at which it was decided to erect a monument to
+Dr. Johnson in Westminster Abbey.[2]
+
+If, then, Courtenay did not belong to the Johnson circle, he became,
+shortly after Johnson's death, a valued member of the Boswell circle.
+Courtenay must have met Boswell in the spring or early summer of 1785,
+about thirteen years after arriving in England from his native Ireland
+in the service of Viscount Townshend. Boswell's first reference to
+Courtenay occurs in his journal under 7 July 1785.[3] It is clear from
+this entry that he had met Courtenay earlier, but subsequent
+references indicate that the acquaintance was a fresh one.
+
+From the start Boswell enjoyed Courtenay's company. In the first
+place, Boswell appreciated Courtenay's talent in conversation.
+Although he seldom recorded specimens of Courtenay's talk, Boswell was
+generous in his praise of his wit. "Courtenay's wit," he wrote,
+"sparkles more than almost any man's."[4] On 26 March 1788, Boswell
+described him as a "valuable addition" to a meeting of the Essex Head
+Club which he attended as Boswell's guest. "Indeed," Boswell
+continued, "his conversation is excellent; it has so much literature,
+wit, and at the same time manly sense, in it."[5] An example of his
+"manly sense" that "struck home" to Boswell was Courtenay's remark
+that had Johnson been born to three thousand pounds a year his
+melancholy would have been at greater leisure to torment him.[6]
+
+But there was a greater reason for Courtenay's intimacy with Boswell.
+The period following Johnson's death was for Boswell a time of intense
+anxiety. By 1786 Courtenay and Edmond Malone had become Boswell's
+closest confidants. Boswell relished the long walks and the dinners he
+took with Courtenay. Throughout his journal he confessed to the
+therapeutic value of Courtenay's company; "I am," he admitted, "quite
+another Man with M. C., Malone, Courtenay."[7]
+
+Moreover, Boswell often solicited Courtenay's advice in various
+crises. Courtenay, together with Malone, helped him out of scrapes
+with Alexander Tytler and Lord Macdonald, induced him to lighten his
+published attacks on Mrs. Piozzi and helped make him aware of the
+merit of her edition of Johnson's correspondence, and advised him to
+cancel some questionable passages in the _Life_ on William Gerard
+Hamilton. From time to time he also cautioned Boswell not to expect
+political preferment when he did not deserve it. It appears, too, that
+he took part in the prolonged deliberations over Johnson's monument in
+Westminster Abbey. Concerned that Boswell's drinking might impede his
+work on the _Life_, Courtenay made him promise to quit drinking from
+December 1790, to the following March, a promise which, as far as he
+was able, Boswell kept.[8]
+
+Courtenay's high spirits and his ability to relieve Boswell's
+melancholy were all the more remarkable because Courtenay, with a wife
+and seven children to support, was poverty-stricken during most of
+this period. Boswell, lamenting the failure of the Whigs to provide
+financial assistance to one of the party's most active members, found
+Courtenay's "firmness of mind ... amazing" under such difficulties.[9]
+No doubt Courtenay's resolve endeared him to Boswell, whose own
+financial and psychological problems were, of course, a great burden.
+
+This is not to say that relations between the two men were always
+cordial. Courtenay was evidently a non-believer, and the two men often
+differed on religious matters. Boswell condemned Courtenay's "wild
+ravings" in favor of the French revolution, and once confessed his
+deep regret about quarreling with so close a friend on this
+subject.[10] They also differed on the question of slavery, and
+Boswell good-naturedly chided Courtenay and William Windham as
+abolitionists in his poem, _No Abolition of Slavery; or the Universal
+Empire of Love_ (1791).[11] It is clear, too, that as Boswell's
+depression grew, Courtenay's power to brighten his spirits waned
+considerably. Their friendship, nevertheless, seems to have ended on a
+happy note, for Boswell's final mention of Courtenay in his journal
+includes the remark that with Courtenay he had spent a "good day."[12]
+
+Courtenay's _Poetical Review_, characterized by Donald A. Stauffer as
+an embodiment of the "vice-and-virtue philosophy" in biography, was
+one of the most spirited pieces of Johnsoniana to appear.[13] The
+poem begins with disdain, but at line sixty-one reverses direction and
+becomes vigorously commendatory. Courtenay did not attempt to add
+fresh information about Johnson's life and career. Consequently, the
+unfavorable portion of the poem is a conventional catalog of Johnson's
+often publicized foibles and prejudices, just as the favorable section
+is in part a commonplace survey of his artistic achievement.
+
+This contrast, as Stauffer remarks, renders Courtenay's praise more
+powerful.[14] More important, the play between scorn and praise
+reflects the ambivalence which colors contemporary accounts of
+Johnson. We are now accustomed to the notion of great art as the
+product of a flawed life. But in the eighteenth century, an age
+largely devoted to the idea of discreet biography which concealed or
+minimized the subject's weaknesses, a man like Johnson presented
+formidable problems to the biographer and his readers. Although
+Courtenay merely versified material which other writers had discussed
+in much more detail, his poem is important because it synthesizes the
+conflicting attitudes towards Johnson which prevailed immediately
+after his death. Courtenay, like many others, saw in Johnson a
+powerful mixture of great virtues and vices; and though he is not
+impartial, he effects, through his honesty, an admirable balance
+between Johnson's strengths and weaknesses. The final forty lines of
+the _Review_ constitute one of the most balanced of all contemporary
+tributes to Johnson as a human being.
+
+For the most part, the commendatory section of the poem is an
+unsystematic tracing of Johnson's moral and literary merits.
+Courtenay's rhapsodizing on the _Dictionary_, the _Rambler_, and the
+_Lives of the Poets_ is conventional. Clearly, he admired the wide
+scope of Johnson's learning and his ability to communicate his
+knowledge of men and manners in his writings. But his admiration
+occasionally betrays him; for instance, in describing the "brilliant
+school" through which Johnson's influence was perpetuated, he
+overestimated the extent to which Reynolds, Malone, Burney, Jones,
+Goldsmith, Steevens, Hawkesworth, and Boswell were indebted to
+Johnson's writings.[15] Usually, however, he was on firmer ground.
+Courtenay was the only writer before Boswell to praise Johnson's Latin
+verse, a body of poetry virtually ignored by other contemporary
+biographers and memorialists.[16] Furthermore, he employs footnotes
+skillfully. Though they impede the progress of the poem, they do
+support poetic statement with factual evidence and explain and amplify
+certain points made in the verses.
+
+The clearest evidence for the care which Courtenay took with the
+_Review_ can be found upon examination of his revisions. He made few
+substantial changes in the second edition, but the third edition
+contains important revisions. Courtenay added ten lines and five
+footnotes in the final version, and lightened some of the scorn in the
+first portion by substituting weaker phrases for stronger ones. He
+also enclosed lines seven through twenty in quotation marks to make it
+appear that the sentiment expressed therein was not his own, but a
+judgment he had heard elsewhere.
+
+But the most significant revisions are concerned with organization. By
+transferring segments of certain verse paragraphs to others, he
+achieves a more unified portrait of Johnson. By means of such
+revision, he forms his general evaluation of Johnson's writing into
+one unit and his comments on individual works into another, where
+before they had been awkwardly interwoven.
+
+Courtenay's _Review_ did not go unnoticed at the time, though for
+obvious reasons it was given less attention by the reviewers than the
+more notorious Johnsoniana. Extracts from the poem were printed in
+several magazines. The reviewers were almost unanimous in damning the
+poem's inelegance, unevenness, and lack of harmony, but reserved
+praise for the sentiments and candor.[17] Chesterfield's apologist in
+William Hayley's _Two Dialogues; Containing a Comparative View of the
+Lives, Characters, and Writings of Philip, the Late Earl of
+Chesterfield, and Dr. Samuel Johnson_ (1787) protested that Courtenay
+was too kind to Johnson. The severest indictment of the Review came
+from the anonymous author of _A Poetical Epistle from the Ghost of Dr.
+Johnson_, mentioned earlier, who charged Courtenay with poor taste and
+with belaboring the obvious by proving that Johnson was "not quite
+destitute of brains."[18]
+
+The greatest champion of the _Review_ was, of course, Boswell. The
+_Life_ is sprinkled with quotations from the third edition, 118 lines
+in all, mostly from Courtenay's commendatory verses. In view of the
+many published attacks on Johnson, Boswell must have appreciated
+Courtenay's sentiments all the more. Doubtless Courtenay's warm praise
+of the _Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides_ also found favor with
+Boswell.[19] Perhaps Boswell's final and least partial judgment of the
+_Review_ was expressed in his letter to James Abercrombie of
+Philadelphia dated 11 June 1792. He sent Abercrombie a copy of the
+poem, commenting that "though I except to several passages, you will
+find some very good writing."[20]
+
+Courtenay's _Review_, together with several other little known
+_memorabilia_ concerning Johnson, stimulated one of the most energetic
+and splenetic literary controversies of the late eighteenth century.
+In addition, the _Review_ and pieces like it aroused a considerable
+amount of useful, if vitriolic, discussion about the art of biography.
+
+
+University of Iowa
+
+
+
+NOTES TO THE INTRODUCTION
+
+[1] See _DNB_.
+
+[2] For the information about Courtenay's election, I am indebted to
+Professor James M. Osborn of Yale University. Boswell gives no precise
+date for Courtenay's entry into the Club. His first reference to
+Courtenay's membership occurs in his journal entry of 19 January 1790.
+See _Private Papers of James Boswell_, ed. Geoffrey Scott and
+Frederick A. Pottle (Privately Printed, 1928-1934), XVIII, 22. See
+also Boswell's letter to Edmond Malone dated 16 December 1790,
+_Letters of James Boswell_, ed. C. B. Tinker (Oxford, 1924), II,
+409-410. Courtenay and other intimates of Boswell were called "The
+Gang" by Philip Metcalfe. See _Private Papers_, XVII, 52, 55; XVIII,
+15.
+
+[3] _Private Papers_, XVI, 106.
+
+[4] _Ibid._, XVII, 80. For additional testimony to Courtenay's
+reputation as a wit, see _Thraliana_, ed. Katharine C. Balderston
+(Oxford, 1951), I, 486, and James Prior, _Life of Edmond Malone_
+(London, 1860), 287-288.
+
+[5] _Private Papers_, XVII, 86.
+
+[6] _Ibid._, pp. 76-77.
+
+[7] _Ibid._, XVI, 178. "M. C." is Mrs. Rudd.
+
+[8] See Boswell's letters to Malone, _Letters_, II, 405, 427, and
+_Private Papers_, XVIII, 100. Courtenay became alarmed over Boswell's
+deepening melancholy, as seen in this passage from his letter to
+Malone of 22 February 1791: "Poor Boswell is very low, & desperate &
+... melancholy mad, feels no spring, no pleasure in existence, & is so
+perceptibly altered for the worse that it is remarked everywhere. I
+try all I can to revivify him, but he [turns?] so tiresomely &
+tediously--for the same cursed trite commonplace topics, about death
+&c.--that we grow old, and when we are old, we are not young--that I
+despair of effecting a cure. Doctors Warren and Devaynes very kindly
+interest themselves about him, but you wd be of more service to him
+than anyone." Quoted from a MS at Yale University Library by James
+Osborn, "Edmond Malone and Dr. Johnson," _Johnson, Boswell and Their
+Circle: Essays Presented to Lawrence Fitzroy Powell in Honour of His
+Eighty-fourth Birthday_ (Oxford, 1965), p. 16.
+
+[9] _Letters_, II, 428, 425. Boswell tried to negotiate loans for
+Courtenay, and made a successful application to Reynolds. See _Private
+Papers_, XVII, 85-86, 101-102; XVIII, 120.
+
+[10] _Private Papers_, XVIII, 171, 178, 184.
+
+[11] See Frank Brady, _Boswell's Political Career_ (New Haven, 1965),
+p. 169, and Frederick A. Pottle, _The Literary Career of James
+Boswell, Esq._ (Oxford, 1929), p. 147.
+
+[12] _Private Papers_, XVIII, 271. This entry is dated 31 March 1794,
+not long before the journal ends and some thirteen months before
+Boswell's death.
+
+[13] _The Art of Biography in Eighteenth Century England_ (Princeton,
+1941), p. 345.
+
+[14] _Ibid._, p. 346.
+
+[15] W. K. Wimsatt, Jr., in _The Prose Style of Samuel Johnson_ (New
+Haven, 1941), pp. 135-138, argues against the notion that Johnson's
+friends formed such a "school."
+
+[16] Boswell praised Courtenay's "just and discriminative eulogy" on
+Johnson's Latin poems, and quoted it. See _Boswell's Life of Johnson_,
+ed. G. B. Hill, revised L. F. Powell (Oxford, 1934-1950), I, 62.
+
+[17] See _European Magazine_, IX (April 1786), 266; _Gentleman's
+Magazine_, LVI (May 1786), 415; _Monthly Review_, LXXV (September
+1786), 229.
+
+[18] It should be noted that the attack on Courtenay in this poem is
+the mildest of the four. The famous caricaturist, Sayer, included
+Courtenay in a poetic attack on Mrs. Piozzi appended to his print,
+_Frontispiece to the 2nd Edition of Johnson's Letters_, published 7
+April 1788. See James L. Clifford, _Hester Lynch Piozzi (Mrs. Thrale)_
+(Oxford, 1952), p. 329.
+
+[19] Boswell quoted Courtenay's compliment in _Life_, II, 268.
+
+[20] _Letters_, II, 444.
+
+
+
+
+BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE
+
+
+The text of this edition of _A Poetical Review of the Literary and
+Moral Character of the Late Samuel Johnson, L.L.D., with Notes_ is
+reproduced from a copy in the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript
+Library, Yale University.
+
+
+
+
+  A
+  POETICAL REVIEW
+  OF THE
+  LITERARY AND MORAL CHARACTER
+  OF THE LATE
+  _SAMUEL JOHNSON, L.L.D._
+
+  WITH NOTES.
+
+  BY JOHN COURTENAY, ESQ.
+  THE THIRD EDITION, CORRECTED.
+
+  Man is thy theme; his virtue, or his rage,
+  Drawn to the life, in each elaborate page. WALLER.
+
+  ----_immensæ veluti connexa carinæ
+  Cymba minor._ STATIUS.
+
+
+  LONDON:
+  PRINTED FOR CHARLES DILLY IN THE POULTRY.
+  M DCC LXXXVI.
+
+
+
+
+  A
+  POETICAL REVIEW, &c.
+
+  A Generous tear will Caledonia shed?
+  Her ancient foe, illustrious Johnson's dead;
+  Mac-Ossian's sons may now securely rest,
+  Safe from the bitter sneer, the cynick jest.[21]
+  The song of triumph now I seem to hear,
+  And these the sounds that vibrate on my ear:
+  "Low lies the man, who scarce deigns Gray to praise,
+  But from the tomb calls Blackmore's sleeping lays;
+  A passport grants to Pomfret's dismal chimes,
+  To Yalden's hymns, and Watts's holy rhimes;[22]
+  By subtle doubts would Swift's fair fame invade,
+  And round his brows the ray of glory shade;[23]
+  With poignant taunt mild Shenstone's life arraigns,
+  His taste contemns, and sweetly-flowing strains;
+  At zealous Milton aims his tory dart,
+  But in his Savage finds a moral heart;
+  At great Nassau despiteful rancour flings,[24]
+  But pension'd kneels ev'n to usurping kings:
+  Rich, old and dying, bows his laurel'd head,
+  And almost deigns to ask superfluous bread."[25]
+    A sceptick once, he taught the letter'd throng
+  To doubt the existence of fam'd Ossian's song;
+  Yet by the eye of faith, in reason's spite,
+  Saw ghosts and witches, preach'd up _second sight_:
+  For o'er his soul sad Superstition threw
+  Her gloom, and ting'd his genius with her hue.
+  On popish ground he takes his high church station,
+  To sound mysterious tenets through the nation;[26]
+  On Scotland's kirk he vents a bigot's gall,[27]
+  Though her young chieftains prophecy like SAUL![28]
+  On Tetty's state his frighted fancy runs,[29]
+  And Heaven's appeas'd by cross unbutter'd buns:[30]
+  He sleeps and fasts[31], pens on himself a libel,[32]
+  And still believes, but never reads the Bible.[33]
+  Fame says, at school, of scripture science vain,
+  Bel and the Dragon smote him on the brain;[34]
+  Scar'd with the blow, he shun'd the Jewish law,
+  And eyed the Ark with reverential awe:[35]
+  Let priestly S--h--n in a godly fit
+  The tale relate, in aid of Holy Writ;
+  Though candid Adams, by whom DAVID fell,[36]
+  Who ancient miracles sustain'd so well,
+  To recent wonders may deny his aid,[37]
+  Nor own a buzy zealot of the trade.
+    A coward wish, long stigmatiz'd by fame,
+  Devotes Mæcenas to eternal shame;[38]
+  Religious Johnson, future life to gain,
+  Would ev'n submit to everlasting pain:
+  How clear, how strong, such kindred colours paint
+  The Roman epicure and Christian saint!
+  O, had he liv'd in more enlighten'd times,
+  When signs from heaven proclaim'd vile mortals' crimes,
+  How had he groan'd, with sacred horrors pale,
+  When Noah's comet shook her angry tail[39];
+  That wicked comet, which Will Whiston swore
+  Would burn the earth that she had drown'd before![40]
+  Or when Moll Tosts, by throes parturient vext,
+  Saw her young rabbets peep from Esdras' text![41]
+  To him such signs, prepar'd by mystick grace,
+  Had shewn the impending doom of Adam's race.
+    But who to blaze his frailties feels delight,
+  When the great author rises to our sight?
+  When the pure tenour of his life we view,
+  Himself the bright exemplar that he drew?
+  Whose works console the good, instruct the wise,
+  And teach the soul to claim her kindred skies.
+    By grateful bards his name be ever sung,
+  Whose sterling touch has fix'd the English tongue!
+  Fortune's dire weight, the patron's cold disdain,
+  "Shook off, as dew-drops from the lion's mane;"[42]
+  Unknown, unaided, in a friendless state,[43]
+  Without one smile of favour from the great;
+  The bulky tome his curious care refines,
+  Till the great work in full perfection shines;
+  His wide research and patient skill displays
+  What scarce was sketch'd in ANNA's golden days;[44]
+  What only learning's aggregated toil
+  Slowly accomplish'd in each foreign soil.[45]
+  Yet to the mine though the rich coin he trace,
+  No current marks his early essays grace;
+  For in each page we find a massy store
+  Of English bullion mix'd with Latian ore:
+  In solemn pomp, with pedantry combin'd,
+  He vents the morbid sadness of his mind;[46]
+  In scientifick phrase affects to smile,
+  Form'd on Brown's turgid Latin-English style:[47]
+  Too oft the abstract decorates his prose,[48]
+  While measur'd ternaries the periods close:
+  But all propriety his Ramblers mock,
+  When Betty prates from Newton and from Locke;
+  When no diversity we trace between
+  The lofty moralist and gay fifteen--[49]
+  Yet genius still breaks through the encumbering phrase;
+  His taste we censure, but the work we praise:
+  There learning beams with fancy's brilliant dyes,
+  Vivid as lights that gild the northern skies;
+  Man's complex heart he bares to open day,
+  Clear as the prism unfolds the blended ray:
+  The picture from his mind assumes its hue;
+  The shades too dark, but the design still true.
+  Though Johnson's merits thus I freely scan,
+  And paint the foibles of this wond'rous man;
+  Yet can I coolly read, and not admire,
+  When Learning, Wit and Poetry conspire
+  To shed a radiance o'er his moral page,
+  And spread truth's sacred light to many an age?
+  For all his works with innate lustre shine,
+  Strength all his own, and energy divine.
+    While through life's maze he sent a piercing view,
+  His mind expansive to the object grew.
+  With various stores of erudition fraught,
+  The lively image, the deep-searching thought,
+  Slept in repose;--but when the moment press'd,
+  The bright ideas flood at once confess'd;[50]
+  Instant his genius sped its vigorous rays,
+  And o'er the letter'd world diffus'd a blaze:
+  As womb'd with fire the cloud electrick flies,
+  And calmly o'er the horizon seems to rise;
+  Touch'd by the pointed steel, the lightning flows,
+  And all the expanse with rich effulgence glows.
+    In judgment keen, he acts the critick's part,
+  By reason proves the feelings of the heart;
+  In thought profound, in nature's study wise,
+  Shews from what source our fine sensations rise;
+  With truth, precision, fancy's claims defines,
+  And throws new splendour o'er the poet's lines.[51]
+    When specious sophists with presumption scan
+  The source of evil, hidden still from man;[52]
+  Revive Arabian tales[53], and vainly hope
+  To rival St. John, and his scholar, Pope;[54]
+  Though metaphysicks spread the gloom of night,
+  By reason's star he guides our aching sight;
+  The bounds of knowledge marks; and points the way
+  To pathless wastes, where wilder'd sages stray;
+  Where, like a farthing linkboy, Jennings stands,
+  And the dim torch drops from his feeble hands.
+    Impressive truth, in splendid fiction drest,[55]
+  Checks the vain wish, and calms the troubled breast;
+  O'er the dark mind a light celestial throws,
+  And sooths the angry passions to repose;
+  As oil effus'd illumes and smooths the deep,[56]
+  When round the bark the foaming surges sweep.--
+    But hark, he sings! the strain ev'n Pope admires;
+  Indignant Virtue her own bard inspires;
+  Sublime as Juvenal, he pours his lays,[57]
+  And with the Roman shares congenial praise:--
+  In glowing numbers now he fires the age,
+  And Shakspeare's sun relumes the clouded stage.[58]
+    So full his mind with images was fraught,
+  The rapid strains scarce claim'd a second thought;
+  And with like ease his vivid lines assume
+  The garb and dignity of ancient Rome.--
+  Let college _versemen_ trite conceits express,
+  Trick'd out in splendid shreds of Virgil's dress;
+  From playful Ovid cull the tinsel phrase,
+  And vapid notions hitch in pilfer'd lays;
+  Then with mosaick art the piece combine,
+  And boast the glitter of each dulcet line:
+  Johnson adventur'd boldly to transfuse
+  His vigorous sense into the Latian muse;
+  Aspir'd to shine by unreflected light,
+  And with a Roman's ardour _think_ and write.
+  He felt the tuneful Nine his breast inspire,
+  And, like a master, wak'd the[59] soothing lyre:
+  Horatian strains a grateful heart proclaim,
+  While Sky's wild rocks resound his Thralia's name.--
+  Hesperia's plant, in some less skillful hands,
+  To bloom a while, factitious heat demands;
+  Though glowing Maro a faint warmth supplies,
+  The sickly blossom in the hot-house dies:
+  By Johnson's genial culture, art, and toil,
+  Its root strikes deep, and owns the fost'ring soil;
+  Imbibes our sun through all its swelling veins,
+  And grows a native of Britannia's plains.
+    Soft-ey'd compassion, with a look benign
+  His fervent vows he offer'd at thy shrine;
+  To guilt, to woe, the sacred debt was paid,[60]
+  And helpless females bless'd his pious aid:
+  Snatch'd from disease, and want's abandon'd crew,
+  Despair and anguish from their victims flew;
+  Hope's soothing balm into their bosoms stole,
+  And tears of penitence restor'd the soul.
+  Nor did philanthrophy alone expand
+  His liberal heart, and ope his bounteous hand;
+  His _talents_ ev'n he gave to friendship's claim,[61]
+  And by the gift imparted wealth and fame:
+  His mind exhaustless sped its vivid force,
+  Yet with unbated vigour held its course;
+  As some fix'd star fulfills heaven's great designs,
+  Lights other spheres, yet undiminish'd shines.
+    How few distinguish'd of the studious train
+  At the gay board their empire can maintain!
+  In their own books intomb'd their wisdom lies;
+  Too dull for talk, their slow conceptions rise:
+  Yet the mute author, of his writings proud,
+  For wit unshewn claims homage from the crowd;
+  As thread-bare misers, by mean avarice school'd,
+  Expect obeisance from their hidden gold.--
+  In converse quick, impetuous Johnson press'd
+  His weighty logick, or sarcastick jest:
+  Strong in the chace, and nimble in the turns,[62]
+  For victory still his fervid spirit burns;
+  Subtle when wrong, invincible when right,
+  Arm'd at all points, and glorying in his might,
+  Gladiator-like, he traverses the field,
+  And strength and skill compel the foe to yield.--
+  Yet have I seen him, with a milder air,
+  Encircled by the witty and the fair,
+  Ev'n in old age with placid mien rejoice
+  At beauty's smile, and beauty's flattering voice.--
+  With Reynolds' pencil, vivid, bold, and true,
+  So fervent Boswell gives him to our view.
+  In every trait we see his mind expand;
+  The master rises by the pupil's hand;
+  We love the writer, praise his happy vein,
+  Grac'd with the naiveté of the sage Montaigne.
+  Hence not alone are brighter parts display'd,
+  But ev'n the specks of character portray'd:
+  We _see_ the Rambler with fastidious smile
+  Mark the lone tree, and note the heath-clad isle;
+  But when the heroick tale of Flora charms,[63]
+  Deck'd in a kilt, he wields a chieftain's arms:
+  The tuneful piper sounds a martial strain,
+  And Samuel sings, "The King shall have his ain":
+  Two Georges in his loyal zeal are slur'd,[64]
+  A gracious pension only saves the third!--
+    By Nature's gifts ordain'd mankind to rule,
+  He, like a Titian, form'd his brilliant school;
+  And taught congenial spirits to excel,
+  While from his lips impressive wisdom fell.
+  Our boasted GOLDSMITH felt the sovereign sway;
+  From him deriv'd the sweet yet nervous lay.
+  To Fame's proud cliff he bade our Raphael rise;
+  Hence REYNOLDS' pen with REYNOLDS' pencil vyes.
+  With Johnson's flame melodious BURNEY glows,[65]
+  While the grand strain in smoother cadence flows.
+  And you, MALONE, to critick learning dear,
+  Correct and elegant, refin'd, though clear,
+  By studying him, acquir'd that classick taste,
+  Which high in Shakspeare's fane thy statue plac'd.
+  Near Johnson STEEVENS stands, on scenick ground,
+  Acute, laborious, fertile, and profound.
+  Ingenious HAWKESWORTH to this school we owe,
+  And scarce the pupil from the tutor know.
+  Here early parts accomplish'd JONES[66] sublimes,
+  And science blends with Asia's lofty rhimes:
+  Harmonious JONES! who in his splendid strains
+  Sings Camdeo's sports, on Agra's flowery plains;
+  In Hindu fictions while we fondly trace
+  Love and the Muses, deck'd with Attick grace.[67]
+  Amid these names can BOSWELL be forgot,
+  Scarce by North Britons now esteem'd a Scot?[68]
+  Who to the sage devoted from his youth,
+  Imbib'd from him the sacred love of truth;
+  The keen research, the exercise of mind,
+  And that best art, the art to know mankind.--
+  Nor was his energy confin'd alone
+  To friends around his philosophick throne;
+  Its influence wide improv'd our letter'd isle,
+  And lucid vigour mark'd the general style:
+  As Nile's proud waves, swol'n from their oozy bed,
+  First o'er the neighbouring meads majestick spread;
+  Till gathering force, they more and more expand,
+  And with new virtue fertilise the land.
+    Thus sings the Muse, to Johnson's memory just,
+  And scatters praise and censure o'er his dust;
+  For through each checker'd scene a contrast ran,
+  Too sad a proof, how great, how weak is man!
+  Though o'er his passions conscience held the rein,
+  He shook at dismal phantoms of the brain:
+  A boundless faith that noble mind debas'd,
+  By piercing wit, energick reason grac'd:
+  A generous Briton,[69] yet he seems to hope
+  For James's grandson, and for James's Pope:
+  With courtly zeal fair freedom's sons defames,[70]
+  Yet, like a Hamden, pleads Ierne's claims.[71]
+  Though proudly splenetick, yet idly vain,
+  Accepted flattery, and dealt disdain.--
+  E'en shades like these, to brilliancy ally'd,
+  May comfort fools, and curb the Sage's pride.
+    Yet Learning's sons, who o'er his foibles mourn,
+  To latest time shall fondly view his urn;
+  And wond'ring praise, to human frailties blind,
+  Talents and virtue of the brightest kind;
+  Revere the man, with various knowledge stor'd,
+  Who science, arts, and life's whole scheme explor'd;
+    Who firmly scorn'd, when in a lowly state,
+  To flatter vice, or court the vain and great;[72]
+  Whose heart still felt a sympathetick glow,
+  Prompt to relieve man's variegated woe;
+  Whose ardent hope, intensely fix'd on high,
+  Saw future bliss with intellectual eye.
+  Still in his breast Religion held her sway,
+  Disclosing visions of celestial day;
+  And gave his soul, amidst this world of strife,
+  The blest reversion of eternal life:
+  By this dispell'd, each doubt and horrour flies,
+  And calm at length in holy peace he dies.
+    The sculptur'd trophy, and imperial bust,
+  That proudly rise around his hallow'd dust,
+  Shall mould'ring fall, by Time's slow hand decay'd,
+  But the bright meed of virtue ne'er shall fade.
+  Exulting Genius stamps his sacred name,
+  Enroll'd for ever in the dome of Fame.
+
+THE END.
+
+
+
+Footnotes:
+
+[21] "A Scotchman must be a sturdy moralist, who does not prefer
+Scotland to truth." Johnson's _Journey to the Western Isles of
+Scotland_.
+
+[22] "The Poems of Dr. Watts were by my recommendation inserted in
+this collection; the readers of which are to impute to me whatever
+pleasure or weariness they may find in the perusal of Blackmore,
+Watts, Pomfret and Yalden." Johnson's _Life of Watts_.
+
+The following specimen of their productions may be sufficient to
+enable the reader to judge of their respective merits:
+
+  "Alas, Jerusalem! alas! where's now
+    Thy pristine glory, thy unmatch'd renown,
+  To which the heathen monarchies did bow?
+    Ah, hapless, miserable town!"
+
+          Eleazar's _Lamentation over Jerusalem, paraphrased by_ Pomfret.
+
+  "Before the Almighty Artist fram'd the sky,
+  Or gave the earth its harmony,
+  His first command was for thy light;
+  He view'd the lovely birth, and blessed it:
+  _In purple swaddling bands it struggling lay_,
+  Old Chaos then a chearful smile put on,
+  And from thy beauteous form did first presage its own."
+
+          Yalden's _Hymn to Light_.
+
+
+  "My chearful soul now all the day
+    Sits waiting here and sings;
+  Looks through the ruins of her clay,
+    And practises her wings.
+  O, rather let this flesh decay,
+    The ruins wider grow!
+  Till glad to see the enlarged way,
+    I stretch my pinions through."
+
+          _A Sight of Heaven in Sickness, by_ Isaac Watts.
+
+[23] "He seemed to me to have an unaccountable prejudice against
+Swift.--He said to-day,--I doubt if the _Tale of a Tub_ was his; it
+has so much more thinking, more knowledge, more power, more colour,
+than any of the works that are indisputably his. If it was his, I
+shall only say, he was _impar sibi_." Boswell's _Tour to the
+Hebrides_, p. 38.
+
+Doctor Johnson's "unaccountable prejudice against Swift" may probably
+be derived from the same source as Blackmore's, if we may venture to
+form a judgement from the panegyrick he bestows on the following
+groundless invective, expressly aimed at Swift as the author of _A
+Tale of a Tub_, which he quotes in his life of Blackmore: "Several, in
+their books, have many sarcastical and spiteful strokes at religion in
+general; while others make themselves pleasant with the principles of
+the Christian. Of the last kind, this age has seen a most audacious
+example, in the book intituled "_A Tale of a Tub_." Had this writing
+been published in a pagan or _popish_ nation, who are _justly_
+impatient of all indignity offered to the established religion of
+their country, no doubt but the author would have received the
+punishment he deserved.--But the fate of this impious buffoon is very
+different; for in a protestant kingdom, zealous of their civil and
+religious immunities, he has not only escaped affronts and the effects
+of publick resentment, but has been caressed and patronised by persons
+of great figure of all denominations."
+
+The malevolent dullness of bigotry alone could have inspired Blackmore
+with these sentiments. The fact is, that the _Tale of a Tub_ is a
+continued panegyrick on the Church of England, and a bitter satire on
+Popery, Calvinism, and every sect of dissenters. At the same time I am
+persuaded, that every reader of taste and discernment will perceive in
+many parts of Swift's other writings strong internal proofs of that
+style which characterises the _Tale of a Tub_; especially in the
+_Publick Spirit of the Whigs_. It is well known, that he affected
+simplicity, and studiously avoided any display of learning, except
+where the subject made it absolutely necessary. Temporary, local, and
+political topicks compose too great a part of his works; but in a
+treatise that admitted "more thinking, more knowledge," &c. he
+naturally exerted all his powers.--Let us hear the author himself on
+this point.
+
+"The greatest part of that book was finished above thirteen years
+since, (1696) which is eight years before it was published. The author
+was then young, his invention at the height, and his reading fresh in
+his head." And again: "Men should be more cautious in losing their
+time, if they did but consider, that to answer a book effectually
+requireth more pains and skill, more wit, learning and judgement, than
+were employed in writing it.--And the author assureth those gentlemen,
+who have given themselves that trouble with him, that his discourse is
+the product of the study, the observation, and the invention of
+_several years_; that he often blotted out more than he left; and if
+his papers had not been a long time out of his possession, they must
+still have undergone more severe corrections." _An Apology for the
+Tale of a Tub._--With respect to this work being the production of
+Swift, see his letter to the printer, Mr. Benjamin Tooke, dated
+Dublin, June 29, 1710, and Tooke's Answer on the publication of _the
+Apology_ and a new edition of the _Tale of a Tub_. Hawkesworth's
+edition of Swift's Works, 8vo. vol. xvi. p. 145.
+
+Doctor Hawkesworth mentions, in his preface, that the edition of _A
+Tale of a Tub_, printed in 1710, was revised and corrected by the Dean
+a short time before his understanding was impaired, and that the
+corrected copy was, in the year 1760, in the hands of his kinsman, Mr.
+Deane Swift.
+
+[24] _Johnson._ "I would tell truth of the two Georges, or of that
+_scoundrel_, King William." Boswell's _Tour to the Hebrides_, p. 312.
+
+[25] See his letter to Lord Thurlow, in which he seems to approve of
+the application (though he was not previously consulted), thanks his
+Lordship for having made it, and even expresses some degree of
+surprize and resentment on the proposed addition to his pension being
+refused.
+
+[26] "If (added Dr. Johnson) GOD had never spoken figuratively, we
+might hold that he speaks literally, when he says, "This is my body."
+Boswell's _Tour_, p. 67.--Here his only objection to transubstantiation
+seems to rest on the style of the Scripture being figurative elsewhere
+as well as in this passage. Hence we may infer, that he would
+otherwise have believed in it.--But Archbishop Tillotson and Mr. Locke
+reason more philosophically, by asserting that "no doctrine, however
+clearly expressed in Scripture, is to be admitted, if it contradict
+the evidence of our senses:--For our evidence for the truth of
+revealed religion is _less_ than the evidence for the truth of our
+senses, because, _even_ in the first authors of our religion, it was
+no greater; and it is evident it must diminish in passing from them to
+us, through the medium of human testimony."--This question, however,
+may perhaps be better elucidated by the following Anecdote, preserved
+by Mr. Richardson, than by a more serious discussion:
+
+"Mr. Pope, who loved to talk of Titcum, (one who used to be of the
+party with him, Gay, Swift, Craggs, and Addison, and that set, in his
+youth,) told us, that Gay went to see him as he was dying, and asked
+him, if he would have a priest; (for he was a papist,) 'No, said he,
+what should I do with them? But I would rather have one of them, than
+one of yours, of the two. Our fools, (continued he) write great books
+to prove that _bread_ is _God_; but your booby (he meant Tillotson)
+has wrote a long argument to prove that _bread_ is _bread_.'"
+_Richardsoniana_, p. 167.
+
+[27] See his conversation with Lord Auchinleck. Boswell's _Tour_.
+
+[28] See the First Book of Samuel, ch. x.
+
+[29] "And I commend to thy fatherly goodness the soul of my departed
+wife, beseeching thee to grant her whatever is best in her present state."
+            Johnson's _Meditations_.
+
+[30] "I returned home, but could not settle my mind. At last I read a
+chapter. Then went down about six or seven, and eat two _cross-buns_."
+            _Meditations_, p. 154.
+
+[31] "I fasted, though less rigorously than at other times. I by
+negligence poured some milk into my tea. _Ibid._ p. 146.--Yesterday, I
+fasted, as I have always, or commonly done, since the death of Tetty;
+the fast was more painful than usual."
+
+[32]
+       "PURPOSES.
+  To keep a journal. To begin this day. (Sept. 18th, 1766.)
+  To spend four hours in study every day, and as much more as I can.
+  To read a portion of Scripture in Greek every Sunday.
+  To rise at eight.--Oct. 3d. Of all this I have done nothing." _Ibid._
+
+[33] "I resolved last Easter to read, within the year, the whole
+Bible; a great part of which I had never looked upon." _Meditations._
+
+[34] "I have never yet read the Apocrypha. When I was a boy I have
+read or heard Bel and the Dragon." _Meditations._
+
+[35] See the First Book of Samuel, ch. v. and vi. in which an account
+is given of the punishment of the Philistines for looking into the
+ark.
+
+[36] The Rev. Dr. Adams of Oxford, distinguished for his answer to
+David Hume's _Essay on Miracles_.
+
+[37] From the following letter there is reason to apprehend that Dr.
+Adams would not support Mr. S----n, if he should add this to the other
+singular anecdotes that he has published relative to Dr. Johnson.
+
+Mr. Urban,                                     Oxford, Oct. 22d, 1785.
+
+In your last month's Review of books, you have asserted, that the
+publication of Dr. Johnson's _Prayers_ and _Meditations_ appears to
+have been at the instance of Dr. Adams, Master of Pembroke College,
+Oxford. This, I think, is more than you are warranted by the editor's
+preface to say; and is so far from being true, that Dr. Adams never
+saw a line of these compositions, before they appeared in print, nor
+ever heard from Dr. Johnson, or the editor, that any such existed. Had
+he been consulted about the publication, he would certainly have given
+his voice against it: and he therefore hopes, that you will clear him,
+in as publick a manner as you can, from being any way accessary to it.
+      Wm. Adams.
+
+[38]
+  "Debilem facite manu,
+  Debilem pede, coxa;
+  Tuber adstrue gibberum;
+  Lubricos quate dentes;
+  Vita dum superest, bene est:
+  Hanc mihi, vel acuta
+  Si sedeam cruce, sustine." SENEC. EPIST. 101.
+
+  Let me but live, the fam'd Mæcenas cries,
+  Lame of both hands, and lame in feet and thighs;
+  Hump-back'd, and toothless;--all convuls'd with pain,
+  Ev'n on the cross,--so precious life remain.
+
+Dr. Johnson, in his last illness, is said to have declared (in the
+presence of Doctors H. and B.) that he would prefer a state of
+existence in eternal pain to annihilation.
+
+[39] "This last comet (which appeared in the year 1680) I may well
+call the most remarkable one that ever appeared; since, besides the
+former consideration, I shall presently shew, that it is no other than
+that very comet, which came by the earth at the time of Noah's deluge,
+and _which was the cause of the same_." Whiston's _Theory of the
+Earth_, p. 188.
+
+[40] "Since 575 years appear to be the period of the comet that caused
+the deluge, what a learned friend who was the occasion of my
+examination of this matter, suggests, will deserve to be considered;
+viz. Whether the story of the phoenix, that celebrated emblem of the
+resurrection in Christian antiquity, (that it returns once after five
+centuries, and goes to the altar and city of the sun, and is there
+burnt; and another arises out of its ashes, and carries away the
+remains of the former; &c.) be not an allegorical representation of
+this comet, which returns once after five centuries, and goes down to
+the sun, and is there vehemently heated, and its outward regions
+dissolved; yet that it flies off again, and carries away what remains
+after that terrible burning; &c. and whether the _conflagration_ and
+renovation of things, which some such comet may bring on the earth, be
+not hereby prefigured, I will not here be positive: but I own, that I
+do not know of any solution of this famous piece of mythology and
+hieroglyphics, as this seems to be, that can be compared with it."
+_Ibid._ p. 196.
+
+[41] "'Tis here foretold [by Esdras] that there should be _signs in
+the woman_; and before all others this prediction has been verified in
+the famous _rabbet-woman of Surrey_, in the days of King George
+I.--This story has been so unjustly laughed out of countenance, that I
+must distinctly give my reasons for believing it to be true, and
+alleging it here as the fulfilling of this ancient prophecy before
+us.--1st. The man-midwife, Mr. Howard of Godalmin in Surrey, a person
+of very great honesty, skill and reputation in his profession,
+attested it.--It was believed by King George to be real; and it was
+also believed by my old friends the Speaker and Mr. Samuel Collet, as
+they told me themselves, and was generally by sober persons in the
+neighbourhood. Nay Mr. Molyneux, the Prince's Secretary, a very
+inquisitive person, and my very worthy friend, assured me he had at
+first so great a diffidence in the truth of the fact, and was so
+little biassed by the other believers, even by the King himself, that
+he would not be satisfied till he was permitted both to see and feel
+the rabbet, _in that very passage, whence we all come into this
+world_."
+          Whiston's _Memoirs_, vol. ii. p. 110.
+
+[42] "The incumbrances of fortune were shaken from his mind as
+_dew-drops from the lion's mane_." Johnson's _Preface to his edition
+of Shakespeare_.
+
+[43] Every reader of sensibility must be strongly affected by the
+following pathetick passages:--"Much of my life has been lost under
+the pressures of disease; much has been trifled away; and much has
+always been spent in provision for the day that was passing over me;
+but I shall not think my employment useless or ignoble, if by my
+assistance foreign nations and distant ages gain access to the
+propagators of knowledge, and understand the teachers of truth; if my
+labours afford light to the repositories of science, and add celebrity
+to Bacon, to Hooker, to Milton, and to Boyle."
+
+"In this work, when it shall be found that much is omitted, let it not
+be forgotten that much likewise is performed; and though no book was
+ever spared out of tenderness to the authour, and the world is little
+solicitous to know whence proceeded the faults of that which it
+condemns, yet it may gratify curiosity to inform it, that the ENGLISH
+DICTIONARY was written with _little assistance of the learned, and
+without any patronage of the great; not in the soft obscurities of
+retirement, or under the shelter of academick bowers, but amidst
+inconvenience and distraction, in sickness and in sorrow_." Preface to
+Dr. Johnson's Dictionary.
+
+[44] See Swift's letter to Lord Oxford for the institution of an
+academy to improve and fix the English language.
+
+[45] The great French and Italian Dictionaries were not the
+productions of an individual, but were compiled by a body of
+Academicians in each country.
+
+[46] "In times and regions so disjoined from each other, that there
+can scarcely be imagined any communication of sentiments, either by
+commerce or tradition, has prevailed a general and uniform expectation
+of propitiating GOD by corporal austerities, of anticipating his
+vengeance by voluntary inflictions, and appeasing his justice by a
+speedy and cheerful submission to a less penalty when a greater is
+incurred."
+          _Rambler_, No. 110.
+
+[47] The style of the _Ramblers_ seem to have been formed on that of
+Sir Thomas Brown's _Vulgar Errors_ and _Christian Morals_.
+
+"But ice is water congealed by the frigidity of the air, whereby it
+acquireth no new form, but rather a consistence or determination of
+its defluency, and amitteth not its essence, but condition of
+fluidity. Neither doth there any thing properly conglaciate but water,
+or watery humidity, for the determination of quicksilver is properly
+fixation, that of milk coagulation, and that of oil and unctuous
+bodies only incrassation."--Is this written by Brown or Johnson?
+
+[48] In the _Ramblers_ the abstract too often occurs instead of the
+concrete;--one of Dr. Johnson's peculiarities.
+
+[49] See Victoria's Letter, RAMBLER, No. 130.--"I was never permitted
+to sleep till I had passed through the cosmetick discipline, part of
+which was a regular lustration performed with bean-flower water and
+may-dews; my hair was perfumed with a variety of unguents, by some of
+which it was to be thickened, and by others to be curled. The softness
+of my hands was secured by medicated gloves, and my bosom rubbed with
+a pomade prepared by my mother, of virtue to discuss pimples, and
+clear discolorations."
+
+[50] Dr. Johnson's extraordinary facility of composition is well known
+from many circumstances. He wrote forty pages of the Life of Savage in
+one night. He composed seventy lines of his Imitation of the Tenth
+Satire of Juvenal, and wrote them down from memory, without altering a
+word. In the Prologue on opening Drury-Lane theatre, he changed but
+one word, and that in compliment to Mr. Garrick. Some of his
+_Ramblers_ were written while the printer's messenger was waiting to
+carry the copy to the press. Many of the _Idlers_ were written at
+Oxford; Dr. Johnson often began his talk only just in time not to miss
+the post, and sent away the paper without reading it over.
+
+[51] See his admirable _Lives of the Poets_, and particularly his
+Disquisition on metaphysical and religious poetry.
+
+[52] See his Review of Soame Jennings's _Essay on the Origin of Evil_;
+a masterpiece of composition, both for vigour of style and precision
+of ideas.
+
+[53] Pope's or rather Bolingbroke's system was borrowed from the
+Arabian metaphysicians.
+
+[54] The scheme of the _Essay on Man_ was given by Lord Bolingbroke to
+Pope.
+
+[55] See that sublime and beautiful Tale, _The Prince of Abyssinia_;
+and _The Rambler_, No. 65, 204, &c. &c.
+
+[56] "The world is disposed to call this a discovery of Dr.
+Franklin's, (from his paper inserted in the Philosophical
+Transactions) but in this they are much mistaken. Pliny, Plutarch, and
+other naturalists were acquainted with it."--"Ea natura est olei, ut
+lucem afferat, ac tranquillar omnia, etiam mare, quo non aliud
+elementum implacabilius."
+          _Memoirs of the Society of Manchester._
+
+[57] _London_, a Satire, and _The Vanity of Human Wishes_, are both
+imitations of Juvenal. On the publication of _London_ in 1738, Mr.
+Pope was so much struck by it, that he desired Mr. Dodsley, his
+bookseller, to find out the author. Dodsley having sought him in vain
+for some time, Mr. Pope said, he would very soon be _deterré_.
+Afterwards Mr. Richardson the painter found out Mr. Johnson, and Mr.
+Pope recommended him to Lord Gower.
+
+[58] See the Prologue spoken by Mr. Garrick in 1747, on the opening of
+Drury-Lane theatre.
+
+[59] "Inter _ignotæ_ strepitus _loquelæ_."--Ode to Mrs. Thrale.
+
+[60] The dignified and affecting letter written by him to the King in
+the name of Doctor Dodd, after his condemnation, is justly, and, I
+believe, universally admired. His benevolence, indeed, was uniform and
+unbounded.----I have been assured, that he has often been so much
+affected by the sight of several unfortunate women, whom he has seen
+almost perishing in the streets, that he has taken them to his own
+house; had them attended with care and tenderness; and, on their
+recovery, clothed, and placed them in a way of life to earn their
+bread by honest industry.
+
+[61] The papers in the ADVENTURER, signed with the letter T, are
+commonly attributed to one of Dr. Johnson's earliest and most intimate
+friends, Dr. Bathurst; but there is good reason to believe that they
+were written by Dr. Johnson, and given by him to his friend. At that
+time Dr. Johnson was himself engaged in writing the _Rambler_, and
+could ill afford to make a present of his labours. The various other
+pieces that he gave away, have bestowed fame, and probably fortune, on
+several persons. To the great disgrace of some of his clerical
+friends, forty sermons, which he himself tells us he wrote, have not
+yet been _deterré_.
+
+[62] "A good continued speech (says Bacon in his ESSAYS) without a
+good speech of interlocution, shews slowness; and a good reply or
+second speech, without a good settled speech, sheweth shallowness and
+weakness. As we see in beasts, that those that are weakest in the
+course, are yet _nimblest in the turn_; as it is betwixt the greyhound
+and the hare."--If this observation be just, Dr. Johnson is an
+exception to the rule; for he was certainly as _strong_ "in the
+course, as nimble in the turn"; as ready in "reply," as in "a settled
+speech."
+
+[63] The celebrated Flora Macdonald. See Boswell's _Tour_.
+
+[64] See Note 4.
+
+[65] Dr. Burney's _History of Musick_ is equally distinguished by
+elegance and perspicuity of style, and for scientifick knowledge.
+
+[66] Sir William Jones produced that learned and ingenious work,
+_Poeseos Asiaticæ Commentarii_, at a very early age.
+
+[67] "The Hindu God, to whom the following poem is addressed, appears
+evidently the same with the Grecian EROS, and the Roman CUPIDO.----His
+favourite place of resort is a large tract of country round AGRA, and
+principally the plains of Matra, where KRISHEN also and the nine
+GOPIA, who are clearly the Apollo and Muses of the Greeks, usually
+spend the night with musick and dance." Preface to the HYMN to CAMDEO,
+translated from the Hindu language into Persian, and re-translated by
+Sir William Jones.
+
+There can be little doubt, considering the antiquity and early
+civilisation of Hindostan, that both the philosophy and beautiful
+mythology of the Greeks were drawn from that part of Asia.
+
+[68] The following observation in Mr. Boswell's _Journal of a Tour to
+the Hebrides_, may sufficiently account for that gentleman's being
+"now scarcely esteem'd a Scot" by many of his countrymen; "If he [Dr.
+Johnson] was particularly prejudiced against the Scots it was because
+they were more in his way; because he thought their success in England
+rather exceeded the due proportion of their real merit; and because he
+could not but see in them that nationality which, I believe, no
+liberal-minded Scotchman will deny." Mr. Boswell indeed is so free
+from national prejudices, that he might with equal propriety have been
+described as--
+
+  "Scarce by _South_ Britons now esteem'd a Scot."
+
+[69] When Dr. Johnson repeated to Mr. Boswell Goldsmith's beautiful
+eulogium on the English nation, his eyes filled with tears.--Boswell's
+_Tour_, p. 431.--See also the Dissertation on the Bravery of the
+English common Soldiers, at the end of the _Idler_.
+
+[70] See _Taxation no Tyranny_.
+
+[71] Though Dr. Johnson has called Hamden the _zealot of rebellion_,
+yet that distinguished patriot could not have expressed himself with
+more ardour in the cause of liberty, than Dr. Johnson does in the
+following passage in his Life of Swift: "In the succeeding reign [that
+of George I.] he delivered Ireland from plunder and _oppression_; and
+shewed that wit, confederated with _truth_, had such force as
+authority was unable to resist.--It was from the time when he first
+began to patronize the Irish, that they may date their riches, and
+prosperity. He taught them first to know their own interest, their
+weight and their strength, and gave them spirit to assert that
+_equality_ with their fellow-subjects to which they have been ever
+since making vigorous advances, and to claim those _rights_ which they
+have at last established."
+
+The truth indeed seems to be, that Dr. Johnson, though he had been
+bred in high-church principles, and always expressed himself in
+controversial argument like a Tory, possessed a high independent
+spirit, and appears to have been a friend to the rights of man. His
+definition of the word _Caitiff_, in his Dictionary, may throw some
+light on this part of his character. "Caitiff. [_cattivo_, Ital. a
+slave; whence it came to signify a bad man, with some implication of
+meanness; as _knave_ in English, and _fur_ in Latin; so _certainly
+does slavery destroy virtue_.
+
+    Hêmisu tês aretês apoainutai doulion êmar.
+
+A slave and a scoundrel are signified by the same words in many
+languages.] A mean villain," &c. See also that animated passage in his
+_London_, beginning, "Here let those reign," &c.
+
+[72] It is observable that Dr. Johnson did not prefix a dedication to
+any one of his various works.
+
+
+
+THE AUGUSTAN REPRINT SOCIETY
+
+  WILLIAM ANDREWS CLARK
+  MEMORIAL LIBRARY
+
+UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES
+
+PUBLICATIONS IN PRINT
+
+
+1948-1949
+
+16. Henry Nevil Payne, _The Fatal Jealousie_ (1673).
+
+18. Anonymous, "Of Genius," in _The Occasional Paper_, Vol. III, No.
+10 (1719), and Aaron Hill, Preface to _The Creation_ (1720).
+
+
+1949-1950
+
+19. Susanna Centlivre, _The Busie Body_ (1709).
+
+20. Lewis Theobald, _Preface to the Works of Shakespeare_ (1734).
+
+22. Samuel Johnson, _The Vanity of Human Wishes_ (1749), and two
+_Rambler_ papers (1750).
+
+23. John Dryden, _His Majesties Declaration Defended_ (1681).
+
+
+1951-1952
+
+31. Thomas Gray, _An Elegy Wrote in a Country Churchyard_ (1751), and
+_The Eton College Manuscript_.
+
+
+1952-1953
+
+41. Bernard Mandeville, _A Letter to Dion_ (1732).
+
+
+1963-1964
+
+104. Thomas D'Urfey, _Wonders in the Sun_; or, _The Kingdom of the
+Birds_ (1706).
+
+
+1964-1965
+
+110. John Tutchin, _Selected Poems_ (1685-1700).
+
+111. Anonymous, _Political Justice_ (1736).
+
+112. Robert Dodsley, _An Essay on Fable_ (1764).
+
+113. T. R., _An Essay Concerning Critical and Curious Learning_
+(1698).
+
+114. _Two Poems Against Pope_: Leonard Welsted, _One Epistle to Mr. A.
+Pope_ (1730), and _Anonymous, The Blatant Beast_ (1742).
+
+
+1965-1966
+
+115. Daniel Defoe and others, _Accounts of the Apparition of Mrs.
+Veal_.
+
+116. Charles Macklin, _The Covent Garden Theatre_ (1752).
+
+117. Sir George L'Estrange, _Citt and Bumpkin_ (1680).
+
+118. Henry More, _Enthusiasmus Triumphatus_ (1662).
+
+119. Thomas Traherne, _Meditations on the Six Days of the Creation_
+(1717).
+
+120. Bernard Mandeville, _Aesop Dress'd or a Collection of Fables_
+(1704).
+
+
+1966-1967
+
+123. Edmond Malone, _Cursory Observations on the Poems Attributed to
+Mr. Thomas Rowley_ (1782).
+
+124. Anonymous, _The Female Wits_ (1704).
+
+125. Anonymous, _The Scribleriad_ (1742). Lord Hervey, _The Difference
+Between Verbal and Practical Virtue_ (1742).
+
+126. _Le Lutrin: an Heroick Poem, Written Originally in French by
+Monsieur Boileau: Made English by N. O._ (1682).
+
+
+1967-1968
+
+127-128. Charles Macklin, _A Will and No Will, or a Bone for the
+Lawyers_ (1746). _The New Play Criticiz'd, or The Plague
+of Envy_ (1747). Introduction by Jean B. Kern.
+
+129. Lawrence Echard, Prefaces to _Terence's Comedies_ (1694) and
+_Plautus's Comedies_ (1694). Introduction by John Barnard.
+
+130. Henry More, _Democritus Platonissans_ (1646). Introduction by P.
+G. Stanwood.
+
+131. John Evelyn, _The History of ... Sabatai Sevi ... The Suppos'd
+Messiah of the Jews_ (1669). Introduction by Christopher W. Grose.
+
+132. Walter Harte, _An Essay on Satire, Particularly on the Dunciad_
+(1730). Introduction by Thomas B. Gilmore.
+
+
+Subsequent publications may be checked in the annual prospectus.
+
+Publications of the first fifteen years of the Society (numbers 1-90)
+are available in paperbound units of six issues at $16.00 per unit,
+from the Kraus Reprint Company, 16 East 46th Street, New York, N.Y.
+10017.
+
+Publications in print are available at the regular membership rate of
+$5.00 yearly. Prices of single issues may be obtained upon request.
+
+William Andrews Clark Memorial Library: University of California, Los
+Angeles
+
+THE AUGUSTAN REPRINT SOCIETY
+
+2520 CIMARRON STREET, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 90018
+
+_General Editors_: William E. Conway, William Andrews Clark Memorial
+Library; George Robert Guffey, University of California, Los Angeles;
+Maximillian E. Novak, University of California, Los Angeles
+
+_Corresponding Secretary_: Mrs. Edna C. Davis, William Andrews Clark
+Memorial Library
+
+
+The Society's purpose is to publish rare Restoration and
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+income of the Society is devoted to defraying costs of publication and
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+Correspondence concerning memberships in the United States and Canada
+should be addressed to the Corresponding Secretary at the William
+Andrews Clark Memorial Library, 2520 Cimarron Street, Los Angeles,
+California. Correspondence concerning editorial matters may be
+addressed to the General Editors at the same address. Manuscripts of
+introductions should conform to the recommendations of the MLA _Style
+Sheet_. The membership fee is $5.00 a year in the United States and
+Canada and £1.16.6 in Great Britain and Europe. British and European
+prospective members should address B. H. Blackwell, Broad Street,
+Oxford, England. Copies of back issues in print may be obtained from
+the Corresponding Secretary.
+
+Publications of the first fifteen years of the Society (numbers 1-90)
+are available in paperbound units of six issues at $16.00 per unit,
+from the Kraus Reprint Company, 16 East 46th Street, New York, N. Y.
+10017.
+
+
+Make check or money order payable to THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF
+CALIFORNIA
+
+
+REGULAR PUBLICATIONS FOR 1968-1969
+
+133. John Courtenay, _A Poetical Review of the Literary and Moral
+Character of the Late Samuel Johnson_ (1786). Introduction by Robert
+E. Kelley.
+
+134. John Downes, _Roscius Anglicanus_ (1708). Introduction by John
+Loftis.
+
+135. Sir John Hill, _Hypochondriasis, a Practical Treatise on the
+Nature and Cure of that Disorder Call'd the Hyp or Hypo_ (1766).
+Introduction by G. S. Rousseau.
+
+136. Thomas Sheridan, _Discourse ... Being Introductory to His Course
+of Lectures on Elocution and the English Language_ (1759).
+Introduction by G. P. Mohrman.
+
+137. Arthur Murphy, _The Englishman From Paris_ (1756). Introduction
+by Simon Trefman. Previously unpublished manuscript.
+
+138. [Catherine Trotter], _Olinda's Adventures_ (1718). Introduction
+by Robert Adams Day.
+
+
+SPECIAL PUBLICATION FOR 1968-1969
+
+_After THE TEMPEST._ Introduction by George Robert Guffey.
+
+Next in the continuing series of special publications by the Society
+will be _After THE TEMPEST_, a volume including the Dryden-Davenant
+version of _The Tempest_ (1670); the "operatic" _Tempest_ (1674);
+Thomas Duffet's _Mock-Tempest_ (1675); and the "Garrick" _Tempest_
+(1756), with an Introduction by George Robert Guffey.
+
+Already published in this series are:
+
+1. John Ogilby, _The Fables of Aesop Paraphras'd in Verse_ (1668),
+with an Introduction by Earl Miner.
+
+2. John Gay, _Fables_ (1727, 1738), with an Introduction by Vinton A.
+Dearing.
+
+3. Elkanah Settle, _The Empress of Morocco_ (1673) with five plates;
+_Notes and Observations on the Empress of Morocco_ (1674) by John
+Dryden, John Crowne and Thomas Shadwell; _Notes and Observations on
+the Empress of Morocco Revised_ (1674) by Elkanah Settle; and _The
+Empress of Morocco. A Farce_ (1674) by Thomas Duffet; with an
+Introduction by Maximillian E. Novak.
+
+Price to members of the Society, $2.50 for the first copy of each
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+B. H. Blackwell, Broad Street, Oxford, England.
+
+
+
+Transcriber's Notes:
+
+  Passages in italics indicated by underscore _italics_.
+
+  The original text includes Greek characters. For this text version
+  these letters have been replaced with transliterations.
+
+  Misprints corrected:
+    "ther" corrected to "their" (footnote 23)
+    "Crticiz'd" corrected to "Criticiz'd" (advertisements)
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A Poetical Review of the Literary and
+Moral Character of the late Samuel Johnson (1786), by John Courtenay
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