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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of A Poetical Review of the Literary and Moral
+Character of the late Samuel Johnson (1786), by John Courtenay
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: A Poetical Review of the Literary and Moral Character of the late Samuel Johnson (1786)
+
+Author: John Courtenay
+
+Editor: Robert E. Kelley
+
+Release Date: July 5, 2009 [EBook #29324]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SAMUEL JOHNSON ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Chris Curnow, Stephanie Eason, Joseph Cooper
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+  THE AUGUSTAN REPRINT SOCIETY
+
+  John Courtenay
+
+  A
+  POETICAL REVIEW
+  OF THE LITERARY
+  AND MORAL CHARACTER
+  OF THE LATE
+  _SAMUEL JOHNSON_
+
+  (1786)
+
+  _Introduction by_
+  ROBERT E. KELLEY
+
+  PUBLICATION NUMBER 133
+
+  WILLIAM ANDREWS CLARK MEMORIAL LIBRARY
+  UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES
+
+  1969
+
+
+
+
+  GENERAL EDITORS
+  William E. Conway, _William Andrews Clark Memorial Library_
+  George Robert Guffey, _University of California, Los Angeles_
+  Maximillian E. Novak, _University of California, Los Angeles_
+
+
+  ASSOCIATE EDITOR
+  David S. Rodes, _University of California, Los Angeles_
+
+
+  ADVISORY EDITORS
+  Richard C. Boys, _University of Michigan_
+  James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_
+  Ralph Cohen, _University of Virginia_
+  Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_
+  Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_
+  Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_
+  Earl Miner, _University of California, Los Angeles_
+  Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_
+  Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_
+  Lawrence Clark Powell, _William Andrews Clark Memorial Library_
+  James Sutherland, _University College, London_
+  H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_
+  Robert Vosper, _William Andrews Clark Memorial Library_
+
+
+  CORRESPONDING SECRETARY
+  Edna C. Davis, _William Andrews Clark Memorial Library_
+
+
+  EDITORIAL ASSISTANT
+  Mary Kerbret, _William Andrews Clark Memorial Library_
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTION
+
+
+The eighteenth century was an age addicted to gossiping about its
+literary figures. This addiction was nowhere better demonstrated than
+by the countless reflections, sermons, poems, pamphlets, biographical
+sketches, and biographies about Samuel Johnson. The most productive
+phase of this activity commenced almost immediately after Johnson's
+death in December, 1784, and continued into the next century.
+
+One item of Johnsoniana which seems to have been neglected, perhaps
+because Birkbeck Hill did not include it in his _Johnsonian
+Miscellanies_, is _A Poetical Review of the Literary and Moral
+Character of the Late Samuel Johnson, L.L.D., with Notes_. This poem
+of three hundred and four lines was written by John Courtenay
+(1741-1816). First published in the spring of 1786 by Charles Dilly,
+the poem went through three editions in the same year. Its popularity
+was determined less by Courtenay's poetic talent than by public
+interest in the Johnsoniana that flooded the market. Courtenay's
+literary output, though scanty, was diverse; he wrote light verse,
+character sketches, and essays, including two controversial pieces in
+support of the French Revolution.[1] It is apparent, however, that for
+him writing was hardly more than an avocation.
+
+Despite his notoriety as a controversial member of Parliament, as a
+first-rate wit, and as an intimate friend of Boswell, Courtenay
+remains a shadowy figure. References to him occur often in the last
+volumes of Boswell's journal, but few of them are particularly
+revealing. Courtenay evidently never met Johnson; indeed, the
+anonymous author of _A Poetical Epistle from the Ghost of Dr. Johnson
+to His Four Friends: The Rev. Mr. Strahan. James Boswell, Esq. Mrs.
+Piozzi. J. Courtenay, Esq. M.P._ (1786) censures Courtenay for writing
+about a man whom he did not know. Although a member of the Literary
+Club, Courtenay did not join this group until four years after Johnson
+died. He was proposed on 9 December 1788, by Sir Joshua Reynolds
+(Boswell seconded), and elected two weeks later, on 23 December,
+during the same meeting at which it was decided to erect a monument to
+Dr. Johnson in Westminster Abbey.[2]
+
+If, then, Courtenay did not belong to the Johnson circle, he became,
+shortly after Johnson's death, a valued member of the Boswell circle.
+Courtenay must have met Boswell in the spring or early summer of 1785,
+about thirteen years after arriving in England from his native Ireland
+in the service of Viscount Townshend. Boswell's first reference to
+Courtenay occurs in his journal under 7 July 1785.[3] It is clear from
+this entry that he had met Courtenay earlier, but subsequent
+references indicate that the acquaintance was a fresh one.
+
+From the start Boswell enjoyed Courtenay's company. In the first
+place, Boswell appreciated Courtenay's talent in conversation.
+Although he seldom recorded specimens of Courtenay's talk, Boswell was
+generous in his praise of his wit. "Courtenay's wit," he wrote,
+"sparkles more than almost any man's."[4] On 26 March 1788, Boswell
+described him as a "valuable addition" to a meeting of the Essex Head
+Club which he attended as Boswell's guest. "Indeed," Boswell
+continued, "his conversation is excellent; it has so much literature,
+wit, and at the same time manly sense, in it."[5] An example of his
+"manly sense" that "struck home" to Boswell was Courtenay's remark
+that had Johnson been born to three thousand pounds a year his
+melancholy would have been at greater leisure to torment him.[6]
+
+But there was a greater reason for Courtenay's intimacy with Boswell.
+The period following Johnson's death was for Boswell a time of intense
+anxiety. By 1786 Courtenay and Edmond Malone had become Boswell's
+closest confidants. Boswell relished the long walks and the dinners he
+took with Courtenay. Throughout his journal he confessed to the
+therapeutic value of Courtenay's company; "I am," he admitted, "quite
+another Man with M. C., Malone, Courtenay."[7]
+
+Moreover, Boswell often solicited Courtenay's advice in various
+crises. Courtenay, together with Malone, helped him out of scrapes
+with Alexander Tytler and Lord Macdonald, induced him to lighten his
+published attacks on Mrs. Piozzi and helped make him aware of the
+merit of her edition of Johnson's correspondence, and advised him to
+cancel some questionable passages in the _Life_ on William Gerard
+Hamilton. From time to time he also cautioned Boswell not to expect
+political preferment when he did not deserve it. It appears, too, that
+he took part in the prolonged deliberations over Johnson's monument in
+Westminster Abbey. Concerned that Boswell's drinking might impede his
+work on the _Life_, Courtenay made him promise to quit drinking from
+December 1790, to the following March, a promise which, as far as he
+was able, Boswell kept.[8]
+
+Courtenay's high spirits and his ability to relieve Boswell's
+melancholy were all the more remarkable because Courtenay, with a wife
+and seven children to support, was poverty-stricken during most of
+this period. Boswell, lamenting the failure of the Whigs to provide
+financial assistance to one of the party's most active members, found
+Courtenay's "firmness of mind ... amazing" under such difficulties.[9]
+No doubt Courtenay's resolve endeared him to Boswell, whose own
+financial and psychological problems were, of course, a great burden.
+
+This is not to say that relations between the two men were always
+cordial. Courtenay was evidently a non-believer, and the two men often
+differed on religious matters. Boswell condemned Courtenay's "wild
+ravings" in favor of the French revolution, and once confessed his
+deep regret about quarreling with so close a friend on this
+subject.[10] They also differed on the question of slavery, and
+Boswell good-naturedly chided Courtenay and William Windham as
+abolitionists in his poem, _No Abolition of Slavery; or the Universal
+Empire of Love_ (1791).[11] It is clear, too, that as Boswell's
+depression grew, Courtenay's power to brighten his spirits waned
+considerably. Their friendship, nevertheless, seems to have ended on a
+happy note, for Boswell's final mention of Courtenay in his journal
+includes the remark that with Courtenay he had spent a "good day."[12]
+
+Courtenay's _Poetical Review_, characterized by Donald A. Stauffer as
+an embodiment of the "vice-and-virtue philosophy" in biography, was
+one of the most spirited pieces of Johnsoniana to appear.[13] The
+poem begins with disdain, but at line sixty-one reverses direction and
+becomes vigorously commendatory. Courtenay did not attempt to add
+fresh information about Johnson's life and career. Consequently, the
+unfavorable portion of the poem is a conventional catalog of Johnson's
+often publicized foibles and prejudices, just as the favorable section
+is in part a commonplace survey of his artistic achievement.
+
+This contrast, as Stauffer remarks, renders Courtenay's praise more
+powerful.[14] More important, the play between scorn and praise
+reflects the ambivalence which colors contemporary accounts of
+Johnson. We are now accustomed to the notion of great art as the
+product of a flawed life. But in the eighteenth century, an age
+largely devoted to the idea of discreet biography which concealed or
+minimized the subject's weaknesses, a man like Johnson presented
+formidable problems to the biographer and his readers. Although
+Courtenay merely versified material which other writers had discussed
+in much more detail, his poem is important because it synthesizes the
+conflicting attitudes towards Johnson which prevailed immediately
+after his death. Courtenay, like many others, saw in Johnson a
+powerful mixture of great virtues and vices; and though he is not
+impartial, he effects, through his honesty, an admirable balance
+between Johnson's strengths and weaknesses. The final forty lines of
+the _Review_ constitute one of the most balanced of all contemporary
+tributes to Johnson as a human being.
+
+For the most part, the commendatory section of the poem is an
+unsystematic tracing of Johnson's moral and literary merits.
+Courtenay's rhapsodizing on the _Dictionary_, the _Rambler_, and the
+_Lives of the Poets_ is conventional. Clearly, he admired the wide
+scope of Johnson's learning and his ability to communicate his
+knowledge of men and manners in his writings. But his admiration
+occasionally betrays him; for instance, in describing the "brilliant
+school" through which Johnson's influence was perpetuated, he
+overestimated the extent to which Reynolds, Malone, Burney, Jones,
+Goldsmith, Steevens, Hawkesworth, and Boswell were indebted to
+Johnson's writings.[15] Usually, however, he was on firmer ground.
+Courtenay was the only writer before Boswell to praise Johnson's Latin
+verse, a body of poetry virtually ignored by other contemporary
+biographers and memorialists.[16] Furthermore, he employs footnotes
+skillfully. Though they impede the progress of the poem, they do
+support poetic statement with factual evidence and explain and amplify
+certain points made in the verses.
+
+The clearest evidence for the care which Courtenay took with the
+_Review_ can be found upon examination of his revisions. He made few
+substantial changes in the second edition, but the third edition
+contains important revisions. Courtenay added ten lines and five
+footnotes in the final version, and lightened some of the scorn in the
+first portion by substituting weaker phrases for stronger ones. He
+also enclosed lines seven through twenty in quotation marks to make it
+appear that the sentiment expressed therein was not his own, but a
+judgment he had heard elsewhere.
+
+But the most significant revisions are concerned with organization. By
+transferring segments of certain verse paragraphs to others, he
+achieves a more unified portrait of Johnson. By means of such
+revision, he forms his general evaluation of Johnson's writing into
+one unit and his comments on individual works into another, where
+before they had been awkwardly interwoven.
+
+Courtenay's _Review_ did not go unnoticed at the time, though for
+obvious reasons it was given less attention by the reviewers than the
+more notorious Johnsoniana. Extracts from the poem were printed in
+several magazines. The reviewers were almost unanimous in damning the
+poem's inelegance, unevenness, and lack of harmony, but reserved
+praise for the sentiments and candor.[17] Chesterfield's apologist in
+William Hayley's _Two Dialogues; Containing a Comparative View of the
+Lives, Characters, and Writings of Philip, the Late Earl of
+Chesterfield, and Dr. Samuel Johnson_ (1787) protested that Courtenay
+was too kind to Johnson. The severest indictment of the Review came
+from the anonymous author of _A Poetical Epistle from the Ghost of Dr.
+Johnson_, mentioned earlier, who charged Courtenay with poor taste and
+with belaboring the obvious by proving that Johnson was "not quite
+destitute of brains."[18]
+
+The greatest champion of the _Review_ was, of course, Boswell. The
+_Life_ is sprinkled with quotations from the third edition, 118 lines
+in all, mostly from Courtenay's commendatory verses. In view of the
+many published attacks on Johnson, Boswell must have appreciated
+Courtenay's sentiments all the more. Doubtless Courtenay's warm praise
+of the _Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides_ also found favor with
+Boswell.[19] Perhaps Boswell's final and least partial judgment of the
+_Review_ was expressed in his letter to James Abercrombie of
+Philadelphia dated 11 June 1792. He sent Abercrombie a copy of the
+poem, commenting that "though I except to several passages, you will
+find some very good writing."[20]
+
+Courtenay's _Review_, together with several other little known
+_memorabilia_ concerning Johnson, stimulated one of the most energetic
+and splenetic literary controversies of the late eighteenth century.
+In addition, the _Review_ and pieces like it aroused a considerable
+amount of useful, if vitriolic, discussion about the art of biography.
+
+
+University of Iowa
+
+
+
+NOTES TO THE INTRODUCTION
+
+[1] See _DNB_.
+
+[2] For the information about Courtenay's election, I am indebted to
+Professor James M. Osborn of Yale University. Boswell gives no precise
+date for Courtenay's entry into the Club. His first reference to
+Courtenay's membership occurs in his journal entry of 19 January 1790.
+See _Private Papers of James Boswell_, ed. Geoffrey Scott and
+Frederick A. Pottle (Privately Printed, 1928-1934), XVIII, 22. See
+also Boswell's letter to Edmond Malone dated 16 December 1790,
+_Letters of James Boswell_, ed. C. B. Tinker (Oxford, 1924), II,
+409-410. Courtenay and other intimates of Boswell were called "The
+Gang" by Philip Metcalfe. See _Private Papers_, XVII, 52, 55; XVIII,
+15.
+
+[3] _Private Papers_, XVI, 106.
+
+[4] _Ibid._, XVII, 80. For additional testimony to Courtenay's
+reputation as a wit, see _Thraliana_, ed. Katharine C. Balderston
+(Oxford, 1951), I, 486, and James Prior, _Life of Edmond Malone_
+(London, 1860), 287-288.
+
+[5] _Private Papers_, XVII, 86.
+
+[6] _Ibid._, pp. 76-77.
+
+[7] _Ibid._, XVI, 178. "M. C." is Mrs. Rudd.
+
+[8] See Boswell's letters to Malone, _Letters_, II, 405, 427, and
+_Private Papers_, XVIII, 100. Courtenay became alarmed over Boswell's
+deepening melancholy, as seen in this passage from his letter to
+Malone of 22 February 1791: "Poor Boswell is very low, & desperate &
+... melancholy mad, feels no spring, no pleasure in existence, & is so
+perceptibly altered for the worse that it is remarked everywhere. I
+try all I can to revivify him, but he [turns?] so tiresomely &
+tediously--for the same cursed trite commonplace topics, about death
+&c.--that we grow old, and when we are old, we are not young--that I
+despair of effecting a cure. Doctors Warren and Devaynes very kindly
+interest themselves about him, but you wd be of more service to him
+than anyone." Quoted from a MS at Yale University Library by James
+Osborn, "Edmond Malone and Dr. Johnson," _Johnson, Boswell and Their
+Circle: Essays Presented to Lawrence Fitzroy Powell in Honour of His
+Eighty-fourth Birthday_ (Oxford, 1965), p. 16.
+
+[9] _Letters_, II, 428, 425. Boswell tried to negotiate loans for
+Courtenay, and made a successful application to Reynolds. See _Private
+Papers_, XVII, 85-86, 101-102; XVIII, 120.
+
+[10] _Private Papers_, XVIII, 171, 178, 184.
+
+[11] See Frank Brady, _Boswell's Political Career_ (New Haven, 1965),
+p. 169, and Frederick A. Pottle, _The Literary Career of James
+Boswell, Esq._ (Oxford, 1929), p. 147.
+
+[12] _Private Papers_, XVIII, 271. This entry is dated 31 March 1794,
+not long before the journal ends and some thirteen months before
+Boswell's death.
+
+[13] _The Art of Biography in Eighteenth Century England_ (Princeton,
+1941), p. 345.
+
+[14] _Ibid._, p. 346.
+
+[15] W. K. Wimsatt, Jr., in _The Prose Style of Samuel Johnson_ (New
+Haven, 1941), pp. 135-138, argues against the notion that Johnson's
+friends formed such a "school."
+
+[16] Boswell praised Courtenay's "just and discriminative eulogy" on
+Johnson's Latin poems, and quoted it. See _Boswell's Life of Johnson_,
+ed. G. B. Hill, revised L. F. Powell (Oxford, 1934-1950), I, 62.
+
+[17] See _European Magazine_, IX (April 1786), 266; _Gentleman's
+Magazine_, LVI (May 1786), 415; _Monthly Review_, LXXV (September
+1786), 229.
+
+[18] It should be noted that the attack on Courtenay in this poem is
+the mildest of the four. The famous caricaturist, Sayer, included
+Courtenay in a poetic attack on Mrs. Piozzi appended to his print,
+_Frontispiece to the 2nd Edition of Johnson's Letters_, published 7
+April 1788. See James L. Clifford, _Hester Lynch Piozzi (Mrs. Thrale)_
+(Oxford, 1952), p. 329.
+
+[19] Boswell quoted Courtenay's compliment in _Life_, II, 268.
+
+[20] _Letters_, II, 444.
+
+
+
+
+BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE
+
+
+The text of this edition of _A Poetical Review of the Literary and
+Moral Character of the Late Samuel Johnson, L.L.D., with Notes_ is
+reproduced from a copy in the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript
+Library, Yale University.
+
+
+
+
+  A
+  POETICAL REVIEW
+  OF THE
+  LITERARY AND MORAL CHARACTER
+  OF THE LATE
+  _SAMUEL JOHNSON, L.L.D._
+
+  WITH NOTES.
+
+  BY JOHN COURTENAY, ESQ.
+  THE THIRD EDITION, CORRECTED.
+
+  Man is thy theme; his virtue, or his rage,
+  Drawn to the life, in each elaborate page. WALLER.
+
+  ----_immensæ veluti connexa carinæ
+  Cymba minor._ STATIUS.
+
+
+  LONDON:
+  PRINTED FOR CHARLES DILLY IN THE POULTRY.
+  M DCC LXXXVI.
+
+
+
+
+  A
+  POETICAL REVIEW, &c.
+
+  A Generous tear will Caledonia shed?
+  Her ancient foe, illustrious Johnson's dead;
+  Mac-Ossian's sons may now securely rest,
+  Safe from the bitter sneer, the cynick jest.[21]
+  The song of triumph now I seem to hear,
+  And these the sounds that vibrate on my ear:
+  "Low lies the man, who scarce deigns Gray to praise,
+  But from the tomb calls Blackmore's sleeping lays;
+  A passport grants to Pomfret's dismal chimes,
+  To Yalden's hymns, and Watts's holy rhimes;[22]
+  By subtle doubts would Swift's fair fame invade,
+  And round his brows the ray of glory shade;[23]
+  With poignant taunt mild Shenstone's life arraigns,
+  His taste contemns, and sweetly-flowing strains;
+  At zealous Milton aims his tory dart,
+  But in his Savage finds a moral heart;
+  At great Nassau despiteful rancour flings,[24]
+  But pension'd kneels ev'n to usurping kings:
+  Rich, old and dying, bows his laurel'd head,
+  And almost deigns to ask superfluous bread."[25]
+    A sceptick once, he taught the letter'd throng
+  To doubt the existence of fam'd Ossian's song;
+  Yet by the eye of faith, in reason's spite,
+  Saw ghosts and witches, preach'd up _second sight_:
+  For o'er his soul sad Superstition threw
+  Her gloom, and ting'd his genius with her hue.
+  On popish ground he takes his high church station,
+  To sound mysterious tenets through the nation;[26]
+  On Scotland's kirk he vents a bigot's gall,[27]
+  Though her young chieftains prophecy like SAUL![28]
+  On Tetty's state his frighted fancy runs,[29]
+  And Heaven's appeas'd by cross unbutter'd buns:[30]
+  He sleeps and fasts[31], pens on himself a libel,[32]
+  And still believes, but never reads the Bible.[33]
+  Fame says, at school, of scripture science vain,
+  Bel and the Dragon smote him on the brain;[34]
+  Scar'd with the blow, he shun'd the Jewish law,
+  And eyed the Ark with reverential awe:[35]
+  Let priestly S--h--n in a godly fit
+  The tale relate, in aid of Holy Writ;
+  Though candid Adams, by whom DAVID fell,[36]
+  Who ancient miracles sustain'd so well,
+  To recent wonders may deny his aid,[37]
+  Nor own a buzy zealot of the trade.
+    A coward wish, long stigmatiz'd by fame,
+  Devotes Mæcenas to eternal shame;[38]
+  Religious Johnson, future life to gain,
+  Would ev'n submit to everlasting pain:
+  How clear, how strong, such kindred colours paint
+  The Roman epicure and Christian saint!
+  O, had he liv'd in more enlighten'd times,
+  When signs from heaven proclaim'd vile mortals' crimes,
+  How had he groan'd, with sacred horrors pale,
+  When Noah's comet shook her angry tail[39];
+  That wicked comet, which Will Whiston swore
+  Would burn the earth that she had drown'd before![40]
+  Or when Moll Tosts, by throes parturient vext,
+  Saw her young rabbets peep from Esdras' text![41]
+  To him such signs, prepar'd by mystick grace,
+  Had shewn the impending doom of Adam's race.
+    But who to blaze his frailties feels delight,
+  When the great author rises to our sight?
+  When the pure tenour of his life we view,
+  Himself the bright exemplar that he drew?
+  Whose works console the good, instruct the wise,
+  And teach the soul to claim her kindred skies.
+    By grateful bards his name be ever sung,
+  Whose sterling touch has fix'd the English tongue!
+  Fortune's dire weight, the patron's cold disdain,
+  "Shook off, as dew-drops from the lion's mane;"[42]
+  Unknown, unaided, in a friendless state,[43]
+  Without one smile of favour from the great;
+  The bulky tome his curious care refines,
+  Till the great work in full perfection shines;
+  His wide research and patient skill displays
+  What scarce was sketch'd in ANNA's golden days;[44]
+  What only learning's aggregated toil
+  Slowly accomplish'd in each foreign soil.[45]
+  Yet to the mine though the rich coin he trace,
+  No current marks his early essays grace;
+  For in each page we find a massy store
+  Of English bullion mix'd with Latian ore:
+  In solemn pomp, with pedantry combin'd,
+  He vents the morbid sadness of his mind;[46]
+  In scientifick phrase affects to smile,
+  Form'd on Brown's turgid Latin-English style:[47]
+  Too oft the abstract decorates his prose,[48]
+  While measur'd ternaries the periods close:
+  But all propriety his Ramblers mock,
+  When Betty prates from Newton and from Locke;
+  When no diversity we trace between
+  The lofty moralist and gay fifteen--[49]
+  Yet genius still breaks through the encumbering phrase;
+  His taste we censure, but the work we praise:
+  There learning beams with fancy's brilliant dyes,
+  Vivid as lights that gild the northern skies;
+  Man's complex heart he bares to open day,
+  Clear as the prism unfolds the blended ray:
+  The picture from his mind assumes its hue;
+  The shades too dark, but the design still true.
+  Though Johnson's merits thus I freely scan,
+  And paint the foibles of this wond'rous man;
+  Yet can I coolly read, and not admire,
+  When Learning, Wit and Poetry conspire
+  To shed a radiance o'er his moral page,
+  And spread truth's sacred light to many an age?
+  For all his works with innate lustre shine,
+  Strength all his own, and energy divine.
+    While through life's maze he sent a piercing view,
+  His mind expansive to the object grew.
+  With various stores of erudition fraught,
+  The lively image, the deep-searching thought,
+  Slept in repose;--but when the moment press'd,
+  The bright ideas flood at once confess'd;[50]
+  Instant his genius sped its vigorous rays,
+  And o'er the letter'd world diffus'd a blaze:
+  As womb'd with fire the cloud electrick flies,
+  And calmly o'er the horizon seems to rise;
+  Touch'd by the pointed steel, the lightning flows,
+  And all the expanse with rich effulgence glows.
+    In judgment keen, he acts the critick's part,
+  By reason proves the feelings of the heart;
+  In thought profound, in nature's study wise,
+  Shews from what source our fine sensations rise;
+  With truth, precision, fancy's claims defines,
+  And throws new splendour o'er the poet's lines.[51]
+    When specious sophists with presumption scan
+  The source of evil, hidden still from man;[52]
+  Revive Arabian tales[53], and vainly hope
+  To rival St. John, and his scholar, Pope;[54]
+  Though metaphysicks spread the gloom of night,
+  By reason's star he guides our aching sight;
+  The bounds of knowledge marks; and points the way
+  To pathless wastes, where wilder'd sages stray;
+  Where, like a farthing linkboy, Jennings stands,
+  And the dim torch drops from his feeble hands.
+    Impressive truth, in splendid fiction drest,[55]
+  Checks the vain wish, and calms the troubled breast;
+  O'er the dark mind a light celestial throws,
+  And sooths the angry passions to repose;
+  As oil effus'd illumes and smooths the deep,[56]
+  When round the bark the foaming surges sweep.--
+    But hark, he sings! the strain ev'n Pope admires;
+  Indignant Virtue her own bard inspires;
+  Sublime as Juvenal, he pours his lays,[57]
+  And with the Roman shares congenial praise:--
+  In glowing numbers now he fires the age,
+  And Shakspeare's sun relumes the clouded stage.[58]
+    So full his mind with images was fraught,
+  The rapid strains scarce claim'd a second thought;
+  And with like ease his vivid lines assume
+  The garb and dignity of ancient Rome.--
+  Let college _versemen_ trite conceits express,
+  Trick'd out in splendid shreds of Virgil's dress;
+  From playful Ovid cull the tinsel phrase,
+  And vapid notions hitch in pilfer'd lays;
+  Then with mosaick art the piece combine,
+  And boast the glitter of each dulcet line:
+  Johnson adventur'd boldly to transfuse
+  His vigorous sense into the Latian muse;
+  Aspir'd to shine by unreflected light,
+  And with a Roman's ardour _think_ and write.
+  He felt the tuneful Nine his breast inspire,
+  And, like a master, wak'd the[59] soothing lyre:
+  Horatian strains a grateful heart proclaim,
+  While Sky's wild rocks resound his Thralia's name.--
+  Hesperia's plant, in some less skillful hands,
+  To bloom a while, factitious heat demands;
+  Though glowing Maro a faint warmth supplies,
+  The sickly blossom in the hot-house dies:
+  By Johnson's genial culture, art, and toil,
+  Its root strikes deep, and owns the fost'ring soil;
+  Imbibes our sun through all its swelling veins,
+  And grows a native of Britannia's plains.
+    Soft-ey'd compassion, with a look benign
+  His fervent vows he offer'd at thy shrine;
+  To guilt, to woe, the sacred debt was paid,[60]
+  And helpless females bless'd his pious aid:
+  Snatch'd from disease, and want's abandon'd crew,
+  Despair and anguish from their victims flew;
+  Hope's soothing balm into their bosoms stole,
+  And tears of penitence restor'd the soul.
+  Nor did philanthrophy alone expand
+  His liberal heart, and ope his bounteous hand;
+  His _talents_ ev'n he gave to friendship's claim,[61]
+  And by the gift imparted wealth and fame:
+  His mind exhaustless sped its vivid force,
+  Yet with unbated vigour held its course;
+  As some fix'd star fulfills heaven's great designs,
+  Lights other spheres, yet undiminish'd shines.
+    How few distinguish'd of the studious train
+  At the gay board their empire can maintain!
+  In their own books intomb'd their wisdom lies;
+  Too dull for talk, their slow conceptions rise:
+  Yet the mute author, of his writings proud,
+  For wit unshewn claims homage from the crowd;
+  As thread-bare misers, by mean avarice school'd,
+  Expect obeisance from their hidden gold.--
+  In converse quick, impetuous Johnson press'd
+  His weighty logick, or sarcastick jest:
+  Strong in the chace, and nimble in the turns,[62]
+  For victory still his fervid spirit burns;
+  Subtle when wrong, invincible when right,
+  Arm'd at all points, and glorying in his might,
+  Gladiator-like, he traverses the field,
+  And strength and skill compel the foe to yield.--
+  Yet have I seen him, with a milder air,
+  Encircled by the witty and the fair,
+  Ev'n in old age with placid mien rejoice
+  At beauty's smile, and beauty's flattering voice.--
+  With Reynolds' pencil, vivid, bold, and true,
+  So fervent Boswell gives him to our view.
+  In every trait we see his mind expand;
+  The master rises by the pupil's hand;
+  We love the writer, praise his happy vein,
+  Grac'd with the naiveté of the sage Montaigne.
+  Hence not alone are brighter parts display'd,
+  But ev'n the specks of character portray'd:
+  We _see_ the Rambler with fastidious smile
+  Mark the lone tree, and note the heath-clad isle;
+  But when the heroick tale of Flora charms,[63]
+  Deck'd in a kilt, he wields a chieftain's arms:
+  The tuneful piper sounds a martial strain,
+  And Samuel sings, "The King shall have his ain":
+  Two Georges in his loyal zeal are slur'd,[64]
+  A gracious pension only saves the third!--
+    By Nature's gifts ordain'd mankind to rule,
+  He, like a Titian, form'd his brilliant school;
+  And taught congenial spirits to excel,
+  While from his lips impressive wisdom fell.
+  Our boasted GOLDSMITH felt the sovereign sway;
+  From him deriv'd the sweet yet nervous lay.
+  To Fame's proud cliff he bade our Raphael rise;
+  Hence REYNOLDS' pen with REYNOLDS' pencil vyes.
+  With Johnson's flame melodious BURNEY glows,[65]
+  While the grand strain in smoother cadence flows.
+  And you, MALONE, to critick learning dear,
+  Correct and elegant, refin'd, though clear,
+  By studying him, acquir'd that classick taste,
+  Which high in Shakspeare's fane thy statue plac'd.
+  Near Johnson STEEVENS stands, on scenick ground,
+  Acute, laborious, fertile, and profound.
+  Ingenious HAWKESWORTH to this school we owe,
+  And scarce the pupil from the tutor know.
+  Here early parts accomplish'd JONES[66] sublimes,
+  And science blends with Asia's lofty rhimes:
+  Harmonious JONES! who in his splendid strains
+  Sings Camdeo's sports, on Agra's flowery plains;
+  In Hindu fictions while we fondly trace
+  Love and the Muses, deck'd with Attick grace.[67]
+  Amid these names can BOSWELL be forgot,
+  Scarce by North Britons now esteem'd a Scot?[68]
+  Who to the sage devoted from his youth,
+  Imbib'd from him the sacred love of truth;
+  The keen research, the exercise of mind,
+  And that best art, the art to know mankind.--
+  Nor was his energy confin'd alone
+  To friends around his philosophick throne;
+  Its influence wide improv'd our letter'd isle,
+  And lucid vigour mark'd the general style:
+  As Nile's proud waves, swol'n from their oozy bed,
+  First o'er the neighbouring meads majestick spread;
+  Till gathering force, they more and more expand,
+  And with new virtue fertilise the land.
+    Thus sings the Muse, to Johnson's memory just,
+  And scatters praise and censure o'er his dust;
+  For through each checker'd scene a contrast ran,
+  Too sad a proof, how great, how weak is man!
+  Though o'er his passions conscience held the rein,
+  He shook at dismal phantoms of the brain:
+  A boundless faith that noble mind debas'd,
+  By piercing wit, energick reason grac'd:
+  A generous Briton,[69] yet he seems to hope
+  For James's grandson, and for James's Pope:
+  With courtly zeal fair freedom's sons defames,[70]
+  Yet, like a Hamden, pleads Ierne's claims.[71]
+  Though proudly splenetick, yet idly vain,
+  Accepted flattery, and dealt disdain.--
+  E'en shades like these, to brilliancy ally'd,
+  May comfort fools, and curb the Sage's pride.
+    Yet Learning's sons, who o'er his foibles mourn,
+  To latest time shall fondly view his urn;
+  And wond'ring praise, to human frailties blind,
+  Talents and virtue of the brightest kind;
+  Revere the man, with various knowledge stor'd,
+  Who science, arts, and life's whole scheme explor'd;
+    Who firmly scorn'd, when in a lowly state,
+  To flatter vice, or court the vain and great;[72]
+  Whose heart still felt a sympathetick glow,
+  Prompt to relieve man's variegated woe;
+  Whose ardent hope, intensely fix'd on high,
+  Saw future bliss with intellectual eye.
+  Still in his breast Religion held her sway,
+  Disclosing visions of celestial day;
+  And gave his soul, amidst this world of strife,
+  The blest reversion of eternal life:
+  By this dispell'd, each doubt and horrour flies,
+  And calm at length in holy peace he dies.
+    The sculptur'd trophy, and imperial bust,
+  That proudly rise around his hallow'd dust,
+  Shall mould'ring fall, by Time's slow hand decay'd,
+  But the bright meed of virtue ne'er shall fade.
+  Exulting Genius stamps his sacred name,
+  Enroll'd for ever in the dome of Fame.
+
+THE END.
+
+
+
+Footnotes:
+
+[21] "A Scotchman must be a sturdy moralist, who does not prefer
+Scotland to truth." Johnson's _Journey to the Western Isles of
+Scotland_.
+
+[22] "The Poems of Dr. Watts were by my recommendation inserted in
+this collection; the readers of which are to impute to me whatever
+pleasure or weariness they may find in the perusal of Blackmore,
+Watts, Pomfret and Yalden." Johnson's _Life of Watts_.
+
+The following specimen of their productions may be sufficient to
+enable the reader to judge of their respective merits:
+
+  "Alas, Jerusalem! alas! where's now
+    Thy pristine glory, thy unmatch'd renown,
+  To which the heathen monarchies did bow?
+    Ah, hapless, miserable town!"
+
+          Eleazar's _Lamentation over Jerusalem, paraphrased by_ Pomfret.
+
+  "Before the Almighty Artist fram'd the sky,
+  Or gave the earth its harmony,
+  His first command was for thy light;
+  He view'd the lovely birth, and blessed it:
+  _In purple swaddling bands it struggling lay_,
+  Old Chaos then a chearful smile put on,
+  And from thy beauteous form did first presage its own."
+
+          Yalden's _Hymn to Light_.
+
+
+  "My chearful soul now all the day
+    Sits waiting here and sings;
+  Looks through the ruins of her clay,
+    And practises her wings.
+  O, rather let this flesh decay,
+    The ruins wider grow!
+  Till glad to see the enlarged way,
+    I stretch my pinions through."
+
+          _A Sight of Heaven in Sickness, by_ Isaac Watts.
+
+[23] "He seemed to me to have an unaccountable prejudice against
+Swift.--He said to-day,--I doubt if the _Tale of a Tub_ was his; it
+has so much more thinking, more knowledge, more power, more colour,
+than any of the works that are indisputably his. If it was his, I
+shall only say, he was _impar sibi_." Boswell's _Tour to the
+Hebrides_, p. 38.
+
+Doctor Johnson's "unaccountable prejudice against Swift" may probably
+be derived from the same source as Blackmore's, if we may venture to
+form a judgement from the panegyrick he bestows on the following
+groundless invective, expressly aimed at Swift as the author of _A
+Tale of a Tub_, which he quotes in his life of Blackmore: "Several, in
+their books, have many sarcastical and spiteful strokes at religion in
+general; while others make themselves pleasant with the principles of
+the Christian. Of the last kind, this age has seen a most audacious
+example, in the book intituled "_A Tale of a Tub_." Had this writing
+been published in a pagan or _popish_ nation, who are _justly_
+impatient of all indignity offered to the established religion of
+their country, no doubt but the author would have received the
+punishment he deserved.--But the fate of this impious buffoon is very
+different; for in a protestant kingdom, zealous of their civil and
+religious immunities, he has not only escaped affronts and the effects
+of publick resentment, but has been caressed and patronised by persons
+of great figure of all denominations."
+
+The malevolent dullness of bigotry alone could have inspired Blackmore
+with these sentiments. The fact is, that the _Tale of a Tub_ is a
+continued panegyrick on the Church of England, and a bitter satire on
+Popery, Calvinism, and every sect of dissenters. At the same time I am
+persuaded, that every reader of taste and discernment will perceive in
+many parts of Swift's other writings strong internal proofs of that
+style which characterises the _Tale of a Tub_; especially in the
+_Publick Spirit of the Whigs_. It is well known, that he affected
+simplicity, and studiously avoided any display of learning, except
+where the subject made it absolutely necessary. Temporary, local, and
+political topicks compose too great a part of his works; but in a
+treatise that admitted "more thinking, more knowledge," &c. he
+naturally exerted all his powers.--Let us hear the author himself on
+this point.
+
+"The greatest part of that book was finished above thirteen years
+since, (1696) which is eight years before it was published. The author
+was then young, his invention at the height, and his reading fresh in
+his head." And again: "Men should be more cautious in losing their
+time, if they did but consider, that to answer a book effectually
+requireth more pains and skill, more wit, learning and judgement, than
+were employed in writing it.--And the author assureth those gentlemen,
+who have given themselves that trouble with him, that his discourse is
+the product of the study, the observation, and the invention of
+_several years_; that he often blotted out more than he left; and if
+his papers had not been a long time out of his possession, they must
+still have undergone more severe corrections." _An Apology for the
+Tale of a Tub._--With respect to this work being the production of
+Swift, see his letter to the printer, Mr. Benjamin Tooke, dated
+Dublin, June 29, 1710, and Tooke's Answer on the publication of _the
+Apology_ and a new edition of the _Tale of a Tub_. Hawkesworth's
+edition of Swift's Works, 8vo. vol. xvi. p. 145.
+
+Doctor Hawkesworth mentions, in his preface, that the edition of _A
+Tale of a Tub_, printed in 1710, was revised and corrected by the Dean
+a short time before his understanding was impaired, and that the
+corrected copy was, in the year 1760, in the hands of his kinsman, Mr.
+Deane Swift.
+
+[24] _Johnson._ "I would tell truth of the two Georges, or of that
+_scoundrel_, King William." Boswell's _Tour to the Hebrides_, p. 312.
+
+[25] See his letter to Lord Thurlow, in which he seems to approve of
+the application (though he was not previously consulted), thanks his
+Lordship for having made it, and even expresses some degree of
+surprize and resentment on the proposed addition to his pension being
+refused.
+
+[26] "If (added Dr. Johnson) GOD had never spoken figuratively, we
+might hold that he speaks literally, when he says, "This is my body."
+Boswell's _Tour_, p. 67.--Here his only objection to transubstantiation
+seems to rest on the style of the Scripture being figurative elsewhere
+as well as in this passage. Hence we may infer, that he would
+otherwise have believed in it.--But Archbishop Tillotson and Mr. Locke
+reason more philosophically, by asserting that "no doctrine, however
+clearly expressed in Scripture, is to be admitted, if it contradict
+the evidence of our senses:--For our evidence for the truth of
+revealed religion is _less_ than the evidence for the truth of our
+senses, because, _even_ in the first authors of our religion, it was
+no greater; and it is evident it must diminish in passing from them to
+us, through the medium of human testimony."--This question, however,
+may perhaps be better elucidated by the following Anecdote, preserved
+by Mr. Richardson, than by a more serious discussion:
+
+"Mr. Pope, who loved to talk of Titcum, (one who used to be of the
+party with him, Gay, Swift, Craggs, and Addison, and that set, in his
+youth,) told us, that Gay went to see him as he was dying, and asked
+him, if he would have a priest; (for he was a papist,) 'No, said he,
+what should I do with them? But I would rather have one of them, than
+one of yours, of the two. Our fools, (continued he) write great books
+to prove that _bread_ is _God_; but your booby (he meant Tillotson)
+has wrote a long argument to prove that _bread_ is _bread_.'"
+_Richardsoniana_, p. 167.
+
+[27] See his conversation with Lord Auchinleck. Boswell's _Tour_.
+
+[28] See the First Book of Samuel, ch. x.
+
+[29] "And I commend to thy fatherly goodness the soul of my departed
+wife, beseeching thee to grant her whatever is best in her present state."
+            Johnson's _Meditations_.
+
+[30] "I returned home, but could not settle my mind. At last I read a
+chapter. Then went down about six or seven, and eat two _cross-buns_."
+            _Meditations_, p. 154.
+
+[31] "I fasted, though less rigorously than at other times. I by
+negligence poured some milk into my tea. _Ibid._ p. 146.--Yesterday, I
+fasted, as I have always, or commonly done, since the death of Tetty;
+the fast was more painful than usual."
+
+[32]
+       "PURPOSES.
+  To keep a journal. To begin this day. (Sept. 18th, 1766.)
+  To spend four hours in study every day, and as much more as I can.
+  To read a portion of Scripture in Greek every Sunday.
+  To rise at eight.--Oct. 3d. Of all this I have done nothing." _Ibid._
+
+[33] "I resolved last Easter to read, within the year, the whole
+Bible; a great part of which I had never looked upon." _Meditations._
+
+[34] "I have never yet read the Apocrypha. When I was a boy I have
+read or heard Bel and the Dragon." _Meditations._
+
+[35] See the First Book of Samuel, ch. v. and vi. in which an account
+is given of the punishment of the Philistines for looking into the
+ark.
+
+[36] The Rev. Dr. Adams of Oxford, distinguished for his answer to
+David Hume's _Essay on Miracles_.
+
+[37] From the following letter there is reason to apprehend that Dr.
+Adams would not support Mr. S----n, if he should add this to the other
+singular anecdotes that he has published relative to Dr. Johnson.
+
+Mr. Urban,                                     Oxford, Oct. 22d, 1785.
+
+In your last month's Review of books, you have asserted, that the
+publication of Dr. Johnson's _Prayers_ and _Meditations_ appears to
+have been at the instance of Dr. Adams, Master of Pembroke College,
+Oxford. This, I think, is more than you are warranted by the editor's
+preface to say; and is so far from being true, that Dr. Adams never
+saw a line of these compositions, before they appeared in print, nor
+ever heard from Dr. Johnson, or the editor, that any such existed. Had
+he been consulted about the publication, he would certainly have given
+his voice against it: and he therefore hopes, that you will clear him,
+in as publick a manner as you can, from being any way accessary to it.
+      Wm. Adams.
+
+[38]
+  "Debilem facite manu,
+  Debilem pede, coxa;
+  Tuber adstrue gibberum;
+  Lubricos quate dentes;
+  Vita dum superest, bene est:
+  Hanc mihi, vel acuta
+  Si sedeam cruce, sustine." SENEC. EPIST. 101.
+
+  Let me but live, the fam'd Mæcenas cries,
+  Lame of both hands, and lame in feet and thighs;
+  Hump-back'd, and toothless;--all convuls'd with pain,
+  Ev'n on the cross,--so precious life remain.
+
+Dr. Johnson, in his last illness, is said to have declared (in the
+presence of Doctors H. and B.) that he would prefer a state of
+existence in eternal pain to annihilation.
+
+[39] "This last comet (which appeared in the year 1680) I may well
+call the most remarkable one that ever appeared; since, besides the
+former consideration, I shall presently shew, that it is no other than
+that very comet, which came by the earth at the time of Noah's deluge,
+and _which was the cause of the same_." Whiston's _Theory of the
+Earth_, p. 188.
+
+[40] "Since 575 years appear to be the period of the comet that caused
+the deluge, what a learned friend who was the occasion of my
+examination of this matter, suggests, will deserve to be considered;
+viz. Whether the story of the phoenix, that celebrated emblem of the
+resurrection in Christian antiquity, (that it returns once after five
+centuries, and goes to the altar and city of the sun, and is there
+burnt; and another arises out of its ashes, and carries away the
+remains of the former; &c.) be not an allegorical representation of
+this comet, which returns once after five centuries, and goes down to
+the sun, and is there vehemently heated, and its outward regions
+dissolved; yet that it flies off again, and carries away what remains
+after that terrible burning; &c. and whether the _conflagration_ and
+renovation of things, which some such comet may bring on the earth, be
+not hereby prefigured, I will not here be positive: but I own, that I
+do not know of any solution of this famous piece of mythology and
+hieroglyphics, as this seems to be, that can be compared with it."
+_Ibid._ p. 196.
+
+[41] "'Tis here foretold [by Esdras] that there should be _signs in
+the woman_; and before all others this prediction has been verified in
+the famous _rabbet-woman of Surrey_, in the days of King George
+I.--This story has been so unjustly laughed out of countenance, that I
+must distinctly give my reasons for believing it to be true, and
+alleging it here as the fulfilling of this ancient prophecy before
+us.--1st. The man-midwife, Mr. Howard of Godalmin in Surrey, a person
+of very great honesty, skill and reputation in his profession,
+attested it.--It was believed by King George to be real; and it was
+also believed by my old friends the Speaker and Mr. Samuel Collet, as
+they told me themselves, and was generally by sober persons in the
+neighbourhood. Nay Mr. Molyneux, the Prince's Secretary, a very
+inquisitive person, and my very worthy friend, assured me he had at
+first so great a diffidence in the truth of the fact, and was so
+little biassed by the other believers, even by the King himself, that
+he would not be satisfied till he was permitted both to see and feel
+the rabbet, _in that very passage, whence we all come into this
+world_."
+          Whiston's _Memoirs_, vol. ii. p. 110.
+
+[42] "The incumbrances of fortune were shaken from his mind as
+_dew-drops from the lion's mane_." Johnson's _Preface to his edition
+of Shakespeare_.
+
+[43] Every reader of sensibility must be strongly affected by the
+following pathetick passages:--"Much of my life has been lost under
+the pressures of disease; much has been trifled away; and much has
+always been spent in provision for the day that was passing over me;
+but I shall not think my employment useless or ignoble, if by my
+assistance foreign nations and distant ages gain access to the
+propagators of knowledge, and understand the teachers of truth; if my
+labours afford light to the repositories of science, and add celebrity
+to Bacon, to Hooker, to Milton, and to Boyle."
+
+"In this work, when it shall be found that much is omitted, let it not
+be forgotten that much likewise is performed; and though no book was
+ever spared out of tenderness to the authour, and the world is little
+solicitous to know whence proceeded the faults of that which it
+condemns, yet it may gratify curiosity to inform it, that the ENGLISH
+DICTIONARY was written with _little assistance of the learned, and
+without any patronage of the great; not in the soft obscurities of
+retirement, or under the shelter of academick bowers, but amidst
+inconvenience and distraction, in sickness and in sorrow_." Preface to
+Dr. Johnson's Dictionary.
+
+[44] See Swift's letter to Lord Oxford for the institution of an
+academy to improve and fix the English language.
+
+[45] The great French and Italian Dictionaries were not the
+productions of an individual, but were compiled by a body of
+Academicians in each country.
+
+[46] "In times and regions so disjoined from each other, that there
+can scarcely be imagined any communication of sentiments, either by
+commerce or tradition, has prevailed a general and uniform expectation
+of propitiating GOD by corporal austerities, of anticipating his
+vengeance by voluntary inflictions, and appeasing his justice by a
+speedy and cheerful submission to a less penalty when a greater is
+incurred."
+          _Rambler_, No. 110.
+
+[47] The style of the _Ramblers_ seem to have been formed on that of
+Sir Thomas Brown's _Vulgar Errors_ and _Christian Morals_.
+
+"But ice is water congealed by the frigidity of the air, whereby it
+acquireth no new form, but rather a consistence or determination of
+its defluency, and amitteth not its essence, but condition of
+fluidity. Neither doth there any thing properly conglaciate but water,
+or watery humidity, for the determination of quicksilver is properly
+fixation, that of milk coagulation, and that of oil and unctuous
+bodies only incrassation."--Is this written by Brown or Johnson?
+
+[48] In the _Ramblers_ the abstract too often occurs instead of the
+concrete;--one of Dr. Johnson's peculiarities.
+
+[49] See Victoria's Letter, RAMBLER, No. 130.--"I was never permitted
+to sleep till I had passed through the cosmetick discipline, part of
+which was a regular lustration performed with bean-flower water and
+may-dews; my hair was perfumed with a variety of unguents, by some of
+which it was to be thickened, and by others to be curled. The softness
+of my hands was secured by medicated gloves, and my bosom rubbed with
+a pomade prepared by my mother, of virtue to discuss pimples, and
+clear discolorations."
+
+[50] Dr. Johnson's extraordinary facility of composition is well known
+from many circumstances. He wrote forty pages of the Life of Savage in
+one night. He composed seventy lines of his Imitation of the Tenth
+Satire of Juvenal, and wrote them down from memory, without altering a
+word. In the Prologue on opening Drury-Lane theatre, he changed but
+one word, and that in compliment to Mr. Garrick. Some of his
+_Ramblers_ were written while the printer's messenger was waiting to
+carry the copy to the press. Many of the _Idlers_ were written at
+Oxford; Dr. Johnson often began his talk only just in time not to miss
+the post, and sent away the paper without reading it over.
+
+[51] See his admirable _Lives of the Poets_, and particularly his
+Disquisition on metaphysical and religious poetry.
+
+[52] See his Review of Soame Jennings's _Essay on the Origin of Evil_;
+a masterpiece of composition, both for vigour of style and precision
+of ideas.
+
+[53] Pope's or rather Bolingbroke's system was borrowed from the
+Arabian metaphysicians.
+
+[54] The scheme of the _Essay on Man_ was given by Lord Bolingbroke to
+Pope.
+
+[55] See that sublime and beautiful Tale, _The Prince of Abyssinia_;
+and _The Rambler_, No. 65, 204, &c. &c.
+
+[56] "The world is disposed to call this a discovery of Dr.
+Franklin's, (from his paper inserted in the Philosophical
+Transactions) but in this they are much mistaken. Pliny, Plutarch, and
+other naturalists were acquainted with it."--"Ea natura est olei, ut
+lucem afferat, ac tranquillar omnia, etiam mare, quo non aliud
+elementum implacabilius."
+          _Memoirs of the Society of Manchester._
+
+[57] _London_, a Satire, and _The Vanity of Human Wishes_, are both
+imitations of Juvenal. On the publication of _London_ in 1738, Mr.
+Pope was so much struck by it, that he desired Mr. Dodsley, his
+bookseller, to find out the author. Dodsley having sought him in vain
+for some time, Mr. Pope said, he would very soon be _deterré_.
+Afterwards Mr. Richardson the painter found out Mr. Johnson, and Mr.
+Pope recommended him to Lord Gower.
+
+[58] See the Prologue spoken by Mr. Garrick in 1747, on the opening of
+Drury-Lane theatre.
+
+[59] "Inter _ignotæ_ strepitus _loquelæ_."--Ode to Mrs. Thrale.
+
+[60] The dignified and affecting letter written by him to the King in
+the name of Doctor Dodd, after his condemnation, is justly, and, I
+believe, universally admired. His benevolence, indeed, was uniform and
+unbounded.----I have been assured, that he has often been so much
+affected by the sight of several unfortunate women, whom he has seen
+almost perishing in the streets, that he has taken them to his own
+house; had them attended with care and tenderness; and, on their
+recovery, clothed, and placed them in a way of life to earn their
+bread by honest industry.
+
+[61] The papers in the ADVENTURER, signed with the letter T, are
+commonly attributed to one of Dr. Johnson's earliest and most intimate
+friends, Dr. Bathurst; but there is good reason to believe that they
+were written by Dr. Johnson, and given by him to his friend. At that
+time Dr. Johnson was himself engaged in writing the _Rambler_, and
+could ill afford to make a present of his labours. The various other
+pieces that he gave away, have bestowed fame, and probably fortune, on
+several persons. To the great disgrace of some of his clerical
+friends, forty sermons, which he himself tells us he wrote, have not
+yet been _deterré_.
+
+[62] "A good continued speech (says Bacon in his ESSAYS) without a
+good speech of interlocution, shews slowness; and a good reply or
+second speech, without a good settled speech, sheweth shallowness and
+weakness. As we see in beasts, that those that are weakest in the
+course, are yet _nimblest in the turn_; as it is betwixt the greyhound
+and the hare."--If this observation be just, Dr. Johnson is an
+exception to the rule; for he was certainly as _strong_ "in the
+course, as nimble in the turn"; as ready in "reply," as in "a settled
+speech."
+
+[63] The celebrated Flora Macdonald. See Boswell's _Tour_.
+
+[64] See Note 4.
+
+[65] Dr. Burney's _History of Musick_ is equally distinguished by
+elegance and perspicuity of style, and for scientifick knowledge.
+
+[66] Sir William Jones produced that learned and ingenious work,
+_Poeseos Asiaticæ Commentarii_, at a very early age.
+
+[67] "The Hindu God, to whom the following poem is addressed, appears
+evidently the same with the Grecian EROS, and the Roman CUPIDO.----His
+favourite place of resort is a large tract of country round AGRA, and
+principally the plains of Matra, where KRISHEN also and the nine
+GOPIA, who are clearly the Apollo and Muses of the Greeks, usually
+spend the night with musick and dance." Preface to the HYMN to CAMDEO,
+translated from the Hindu language into Persian, and re-translated by
+Sir William Jones.
+
+There can be little doubt, considering the antiquity and early
+civilisation of Hindostan, that both the philosophy and beautiful
+mythology of the Greeks were drawn from that part of Asia.
+
+[68] The following observation in Mr. Boswell's _Journal of a Tour to
+the Hebrides_, may sufficiently account for that gentleman's being
+"now scarcely esteem'd a Scot" by many of his countrymen; "If he [Dr.
+Johnson] was particularly prejudiced against the Scots it was because
+they were more in his way; because he thought their success in England
+rather exceeded the due proportion of their real merit; and because he
+could not but see in them that nationality which, I believe, no
+liberal-minded Scotchman will deny." Mr. Boswell indeed is so free
+from national prejudices, that he might with equal propriety have been
+described as--
+
+  "Scarce by _South_ Britons now esteem'd a Scot."
+
+[69] When Dr. Johnson repeated to Mr. Boswell Goldsmith's beautiful
+eulogium on the English nation, his eyes filled with tears.--Boswell's
+_Tour_, p. 431.--See also the Dissertation on the Bravery of the
+English common Soldiers, at the end of the _Idler_.
+
+[70] See _Taxation no Tyranny_.
+
+[71] Though Dr. Johnson has called Hamden the _zealot of rebellion_,
+yet that distinguished patriot could not have expressed himself with
+more ardour in the cause of liberty, than Dr. Johnson does in the
+following passage in his Life of Swift: "In the succeeding reign [that
+of George I.] he delivered Ireland from plunder and _oppression_; and
+shewed that wit, confederated with _truth_, had such force as
+authority was unable to resist.--It was from the time when he first
+began to patronize the Irish, that they may date their riches, and
+prosperity. He taught them first to know their own interest, their
+weight and their strength, and gave them spirit to assert that
+_equality_ with their fellow-subjects to which they have been ever
+since making vigorous advances, and to claim those _rights_ which they
+have at last established."
+
+The truth indeed seems to be, that Dr. Johnson, though he had been
+bred in high-church principles, and always expressed himself in
+controversial argument like a Tory, possessed a high independent
+spirit, and appears to have been a friend to the rights of man. His
+definition of the word _Caitiff_, in his Dictionary, may throw some
+light on this part of his character. "Caitiff. [_cattivo_, Ital. a
+slave; whence it came to signify a bad man, with some implication of
+meanness; as _knave_ in English, and _fur_ in Latin; so _certainly
+does slavery destroy virtue_.
+
+    Hêmisu tês aretês apoainutai doulion êmar.
+
+A slave and a scoundrel are signified by the same words in many
+languages.] A mean villain," &c. See also that animated passage in his
+_London_, beginning, "Here let those reign," &c.
+
+[72] It is observable that Dr. Johnson did not prefix a dedication to
+any one of his various works.
+
+
+
+THE AUGUSTAN REPRINT SOCIETY
+
+  WILLIAM ANDREWS CLARK
+  MEMORIAL LIBRARY
+
+UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES
+
+PUBLICATIONS IN PRINT
+
+
+1948-1949
+
+16. Henry Nevil Payne, _The Fatal Jealousie_ (1673).
+
+18. Anonymous, "Of Genius," in _The Occasional Paper_, Vol. III, No.
+10 (1719), and Aaron Hill, Preface to _The Creation_ (1720).
+
+
+1949-1950
+
+19. Susanna Centlivre, _The Busie Body_ (1709).
+
+20. Lewis Theobald, _Preface to the Works of Shakespeare_ (1734).
+
+22. Samuel Johnson, _The Vanity of Human Wishes_ (1749), and two
+_Rambler_ papers (1750).
+
+23. John Dryden, _His Majesties Declaration Defended_ (1681).
+
+
+1951-1952
+
+31. Thomas Gray, _An Elegy Wrote in a Country Churchyard_ (1751), and
+_The Eton College Manuscript_.
+
+
+1952-1953
+
+41. Bernard Mandeville, _A Letter to Dion_ (1732).
+
+
+1963-1964
+
+104. Thomas D'Urfey, _Wonders in the Sun_; or, _The Kingdom of the
+Birds_ (1706).
+
+
+1964-1965
+
+110. John Tutchin, _Selected Poems_ (1685-1700).
+
+111. Anonymous, _Political Justice_ (1736).
+
+112. Robert Dodsley, _An Essay on Fable_ (1764).
+
+113. T. R., _An Essay Concerning Critical and Curious Learning_
+(1698).
+
+114. _Two Poems Against Pope_: Leonard Welsted, _One Epistle to Mr. A.
+Pope_ (1730), and _Anonymous, The Blatant Beast_ (1742).
+
+
+1965-1966
+
+115. Daniel Defoe and others, _Accounts of the Apparition of Mrs.
+Veal_.
+
+116. Charles Macklin, _The Covent Garden Theatre_ (1752).
+
+117. Sir George L'Estrange, _Citt and Bumpkin_ (1680).
+
+118. Henry More, _Enthusiasmus Triumphatus_ (1662).
+
+119. Thomas Traherne, _Meditations on the Six Days of the Creation_
+(1717).
+
+120. Bernard Mandeville, _Aesop Dress'd or a Collection of Fables_
+(1704).
+
+
+1966-1967
+
+123. Edmond Malone, _Cursory Observations on the Poems Attributed to
+Mr. Thomas Rowley_ (1782).
+
+124. Anonymous, _The Female Wits_ (1704).
+
+125. Anonymous, _The Scribleriad_ (1742). Lord Hervey, _The Difference
+Between Verbal and Practical Virtue_ (1742).
+
+126. _Le Lutrin: an Heroick Poem, Written Originally in French by
+Monsieur Boileau: Made English by N. O._ (1682).
+
+
+1967-1968
+
+127-128. Charles Macklin, _A Will and No Will, or a Bone for the
+Lawyers_ (1746). _The New Play Criticiz'd, or The Plague
+of Envy_ (1747). Introduction by Jean B. Kern.
+
+129. Lawrence Echard, Prefaces to _Terence's Comedies_ (1694) and
+_Plautus's Comedies_ (1694). Introduction by John Barnard.
+
+130. Henry More, _Democritus Platonissans_ (1646). Introduction by P.
+G. Stanwood.
+
+131. John Evelyn, _The History of ... Sabatai Sevi ... The Suppos'd
+Messiah of the Jews_ (1669). Introduction by Christopher W. Grose.
+
+132. Walter Harte, _An Essay on Satire, Particularly on the Dunciad_
+(1730). Introduction by Thomas B. Gilmore.
+
+
+Subsequent publications may be checked in the annual prospectus.
+
+Publications of the first fifteen years of the Society (numbers 1-90)
+are available in paperbound units of six issues at $16.00 per unit,
+from the Kraus Reprint Company, 16 East 46th Street, New York, N.Y.
+10017.
+
+Publications in print are available at the regular membership rate of
+$5.00 yearly. Prices of single issues may be obtained upon request.
+
+William Andrews Clark Memorial Library: University of California, Los
+Angeles
+
+THE AUGUSTAN REPRINT SOCIETY
+
+2520 CIMARRON STREET, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 90018
+
+_General Editors_: William E. Conway, William Andrews Clark Memorial
+Library; George Robert Guffey, University of California, Los Angeles;
+Maximillian E. Novak, University of California, Los Angeles
+
+_Corresponding Secretary_: Mrs. Edna C. Davis, William Andrews Clark
+Memorial Library
+
+
+The Society's purpose is to publish rare Restoration and
+eighteenth-century works (usually as facsimile reproductions). All
+income of the Society is devoted to defraying costs of publication and
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+
+Correspondence concerning memberships in the United States and Canada
+should be addressed to the Corresponding Secretary at the William
+Andrews Clark Memorial Library, 2520 Cimarron Street, Los Angeles,
+California. Correspondence concerning editorial matters may be
+addressed to the General Editors at the same address. Manuscripts of
+introductions should conform to the recommendations of the MLA _Style
+Sheet_. The membership fee is $5.00 a year in the United States and
+Canada and £1.16.6 in Great Britain and Europe. British and European
+prospective members should address B. H. Blackwell, Broad Street,
+Oxford, England. Copies of back issues in print may be obtained from
+the Corresponding Secretary.
+
+Publications of the first fifteen years of the Society (numbers 1-90)
+are available in paperbound units of six issues at $16.00 per unit,
+from the Kraus Reprint Company, 16 East 46th Street, New York, N. Y.
+10017.
+
+
+Make check or money order payable to THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF
+CALIFORNIA
+
+
+REGULAR PUBLICATIONS FOR 1968-1969
+
+133. John Courtenay, _A Poetical Review of the Literary and Moral
+Character of the Late Samuel Johnson_ (1786). Introduction by Robert
+E. Kelley.
+
+134. John Downes, _Roscius Anglicanus_ (1708). Introduction by John
+Loftis.
+
+135. Sir John Hill, _Hypochondriasis, a Practical Treatise on the
+Nature and Cure of that Disorder Call'd the Hyp or Hypo_ (1766).
+Introduction by G. S. Rousseau.
+
+136. Thomas Sheridan, _Discourse ... Being Introductory to His Course
+of Lectures on Elocution and the English Language_ (1759).
+Introduction by G. P. Mohrman.
+
+137. Arthur Murphy, _The Englishman From Paris_ (1756). Introduction
+by Simon Trefman. Previously unpublished manuscript.
+
+138. [Catherine Trotter], _Olinda's Adventures_ (1718). Introduction
+by Robert Adams Day.
+
+
+SPECIAL PUBLICATION FOR 1968-1969
+
+_After THE TEMPEST._ Introduction by George Robert Guffey.
+
+Next in the continuing series of special publications by the Society
+will be _After THE TEMPEST_, a volume including the Dryden-Davenant
+version of _The Tempest_ (1670); the "operatic" _Tempest_ (1674);
+Thomas Duffet's _Mock-Tempest_ (1675); and the "Garrick" _Tempest_
+(1756), with an Introduction by George Robert Guffey.
+
+Already published in this series are:
+
+1. John Ogilby, _The Fables of Aesop Paraphras'd in Verse_ (1668),
+with an Introduction by Earl Miner.
+
+2. John Gay, _Fables_ (1727, 1738), with an Introduction by Vinton A.
+Dearing.
+
+3. Elkanah Settle, _The Empress of Morocco_ (1673) with five plates;
+_Notes and Observations on the Empress of Morocco_ (1674) by John
+Dryden, John Crowne and Thomas Shadwell; _Notes and Observations on
+the Empress of Morocco Revised_ (1674) by Elkanah Settle; and _The
+Empress of Morocco. A Farce_ (1674) by Thomas Duffet; with an
+Introduction by Maximillian E. Novak.
+
+Price to members of the Society, $2.50 for the first copy of each
+title, and $3.25 for additional copies. Price to non-members, $4.00.
+Standing orders for this continuing series of Special Publications
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+B. H. Blackwell, Broad Street, Oxford, England.
+
+
+
+Transcriber's Notes:
+
+  Passages in italics indicated by underscore _italics_.
+
+  The original text includes Greek characters. For this text version
+  these letters have been replaced with transliterations.
+
+  Misprints corrected:
+    "ther" corrected to "their" (footnote 23)
+    "Crticiz'd" corrected to "Criticiz'd" (advertisements)
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A Poetical Review of the Literary and
+Moral Character of the late Samuel Johnson (1786), by John Courtenay
+
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+<pre>
+
+The Project Gutenberg EBook of A Poetical Review of the Literary and Moral
+Character of the late Samuel Johnson (1786), by John Courtenay
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: A Poetical Review of the Literary and Moral Character of the late Samuel Johnson (1786)
+
+Author: John Courtenay
+
+Editor: Robert E. Kelley
+
+Release Date: July 5, 2009 [EBook #29324]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SAMUEL JOHNSON ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Chris Curnow, Stephanie Eason, Joseph Cooper
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net
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+</pre>
+
+
+
+
+<div class="figcenter"><img src="images/cover.jpg" alt="A Poetical Review" /></div>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h3><span class="smcap">The Augustan Reprint Society</span></h3>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h3>John Courtenay</h3>
+
+<h3>A</h3>
+<h2>POETICAL REVIEW</h2>
+<h2>OF THE LITERARY</h2>
+<h2>AND MORAL CHARACTER</h2>
+<h3>OF THE LATE</h3>
+<h2><i>SAMUEL JOHNSON</i></h2>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h3>(1786)</h3>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h4><i>Introduction by</i></h4>
+<h3><span class="smcap">Robert E. Kelley</span></h3>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h4>PUBLICATION NUMBER 133</h4>
+<h4>WILLIAM ANDREWS CLARK MEMORIAL LIBRARY</h4>
+<h4><span class="smcap">University of California, Los Angeles</span></h4>
+<h4>1969</h4>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+
+<div class="center">
+<strong>GENERAL EDITORS</strong><br />
+William E. Conway, <i>William Andrews Clark Memorial Library</i><br />
+George Robert Guffey, <i>University of California, Los Angeles</i><br />
+Maximillian E. Novak, <i>University of California, Los Angeles</i><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<strong>ASSOCIATE EDITOR</strong><br />
+David S. Rodes, <i>University of California, Los Angeles</i><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<strong>ADVISORY EDITORS</strong><br />
+Richard C. Boys, <i>University of Michigan</i><br />
+James L. Clifford, <i>Columbia University</i><br />
+Ralph Cohen, <i>University of Virginia</i><br />
+Vinton A. Dearing, <i>University of California, Los Angeles</i><br />
+Arthur Friedman, <i>University of Chicago</i><br />
+Louis A. Landa, <i>Princeton University</i><br />
+Earl Miner, <i>University of California, Los Angeles</i><br />
+Samuel H. Monk, <i>University of Minnesota</i><br />
+Everett T. Moore, <i>University of California, Los Angeles</i><br />
+Lawrence Clark Powell, <i>William Andrews Clark Memorial Library</i><br />
+James Sutherland, <i>University College, London</i><br />
+H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., <i>University of California, Los Angeles</i><br />
+Robert Vosper, <i>William Andrews Clark Memorial Library</i><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<strong>CORRESPONDING SECRETARY</strong><br />
+Edna C. Davis, <i>William Andrews Clark Memorial Library</i><br />
+<br />
+<br />
+<strong>EDITORIAL ASSISTANT</strong><br />
+Mary Kerbret, <i>William Andrews Clark Memorial Library</i></div>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_i" id="Page_i">[Pg i]</a></span></p>
+<h2>INTRODUCTION</h2>
+
+<p>The eighteenth century was an age addicted to gossiping about its
+literary figures. This addiction was nowhere better demonstrated than
+by the countless reflections, sermons, poems, pamphlets, biographical
+sketches, and biographies about Samuel Johnson. The most productive
+phase of this activity commenced almost immediately after Johnson's
+death in December, 1784, and continued into the next century.</p>
+
+<p>One item of Johnsoniana which seems to have been neglected, perhaps
+because Birkbeck Hill did not include it in his <i>Johnsonian
+Miscellanies</i>, is <i>A Poetical Review of the Literary and Moral
+Character of the Late Samuel Johnson, L.L.D., with Notes</i>. This poem
+of three hundred and four lines was written by John Courtenay
+(1741-1816). First published in the spring of 1786 by Charles Dilly,
+the poem went through three editions in the same year. Its popularity
+was determined less by Courtenay's poetic talent than by public
+interest in the Johnsoniana that flooded the market. Courtenay's
+literary output, though scanty, was diverse; he wrote light verse,
+character sketches, and essays, including two controversial pieces in
+support of the French Revolution.<span class="fn"><a name="f1.1" id="f1.1"></a><a href="#f1">1</a></span> It is apparent, however, that for
+him writing was hardly more than an avocation.</p>
+
+<p>Despite his notoriety as a controversial member of Parliament, as a
+first-rate wit, and as an intimate friend of Boswell, Courtenay
+remains a shadowy figure. References to him occur often in the last
+volumes of Boswell's journal, but few of them are particularly
+revealing. Courtenay evidently never met Johnson; indeed, the
+anonymous author of <i>A Poetical Epistle from the Ghost of Dr. Johnson
+to His Four Friends: The Rev. Mr. Strahan. James Boswell, Esq. Mrs.
+Piozzi. J. Courtenay, Esq. M.P.</i> (1786) censures Courtenay for writing
+about a man whom he did not know. Although a member of the Literary
+Club, Courtenay did not join this group until four years after Johnson
+died. He was proposed on 9 December<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_ii" id="Page_ii">[Pg ii]</a></span> 1788, by Sir Joshua Reynolds
+(Boswell seconded), and elected two weeks later, on 23 December,
+during the same meeting at which it was decided to erect a monument to
+Dr. Johnson in Westminster Abbey.<span class="fn"><a name="f2.1" id="f2.1"></a><a href="#f2">2</a></span></p>
+
+<p>If, then, Courtenay did not belong to the Johnson circle, he became,
+shortly after Johnson's death, a valued member of the Boswell circle.
+Courtenay must have met Boswell in the spring or early summer of 1785,
+about thirteen years after arriving in England from his native Ireland
+in the service of Viscount Townshend. Boswell's first reference to
+Courtenay occurs in his journal under 7 July 1785.<span class="fn"><a name="f3.1" id="f3.1"></a><a href="#f3">3</a></span> It is clear from
+this entry that he had met Courtenay earlier, but subsequent
+references indicate that the acquaintance was a fresh one.</p>
+
+<p>From the start Boswell enjoyed Courtenay's company. In the first
+place, Boswell appreciated Courtenay's talent in conversation.
+Although he seldom recorded specimens of Courtenay's talk, Boswell was
+generous in his praise of his wit. "Courtenay's wit," he wrote,
+"sparkles more than almost any man's."<span class="fn"><a name="f4.1" id="f4.1"></a><a href="#f4">4</a></span> On 26 March 1788, Boswell
+described him as a "valuable addition" to a meeting of the Essex Head
+Club which he attended as Boswell's guest. "Indeed," Boswell
+continued, "his conversation is excellent; it has so much literature,
+wit, and at the same time manly sense, in it."<span class="fn"><a name="f5.1" id="f5.1"></a><a href="#f5">5</a></span> An example of his
+"manly sense" that "struck home" to Boswell was Courtenay's remark
+that had Johnson been born to three thousand pounds a year his
+melancholy would have been at greater leisure to torment him.<span class="fn"><a name="f6.1" id="f6.1"></a><a href="#f6">6</a></span></p>
+
+<p>But there was a greater reason for Courtenay's intimacy with Boswell.
+The period following Johnson's death was for Boswell a time of intense
+anxiety. By 1786 Courtenay and Edmond Malone had become Boswell's
+closest confidants. Boswell relished the long walks and the dinners he
+took with Courtenay. Throughout his journal he confessed to the
+therapeutic value of Courtenay's company; "I am," he admitted, "quite
+another Man with M. C., Malone, Courtenay."<span class="fn"><a name="f7.1" id="f7.1"></a><a href="#f7">7</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Moreover, Boswell often solicited Courtenay's advice in various
+crises. Courtenay, together with Malone, helped him out of scrapes
+with Alexander Tytler and Lord Macdonald, induced him to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_iii" id="Page_iii">[Pg iii]</a></span> lighten his
+published attacks on Mrs. Piozzi and helped make him aware of the
+merit of her edition of Johnson's correspondence, and advised him to
+cancel some questionable passages in the <i>Life</i> on William Gerard
+Hamilton. From time to time he also cautioned Boswell not to expect
+political preferment when he did not deserve it. It appears, too, that
+he took part in the prolonged deliberations over Johnson's monument in
+Westminster Abbey. Concerned that Boswell's drinking might impede his
+work on the <i>Life</i>, Courtenay made him promise to quit drinking from
+December 1790, to the following March, a promise which, as far as he
+was able, Boswell kept.<span class="fn"><a name="f8.1" id="f8.1"></a><a href="#f8">8</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Courtenay's high spirits and his ability to relieve Boswell's
+melancholy were all the more remarkable because Courtenay, with a wife
+and seven children to support, was poverty-stricken during most of
+this period. Boswell, lamenting the failure of the Whigs to provide
+financial assistance to one of the party's most active members, found
+Courtenay's "firmness of mind ... amazing" under such difficulties.<span class="fn"><a name="f9.1" id="f9.1"></a><a href="#f9">9</a></span>
+No doubt Courtenay's resolve endeared him to Boswell, whose own
+financial and psychological problems were, of course, a great burden.</p>
+
+<p>This is not to say that relations between the two men were always
+cordial. Courtenay was evidently a non-believer, and the two men often
+differed on religious matters. Boswell condemned Courtenay's "wild
+ravings" in favor of the French revolution, and once confessed his
+deep regret about quarreling with so close a friend on this
+subject.<span class="fn"><a name="f10.1" id="f10.1"></a><a href="#f10">10</a></span> They also differed on the question of slavery, and
+Boswell good-naturedly chided Courtenay and William Windham as
+abolitionists in his poem, <i>No Abolition of Slavery; or the Universal
+Empire of Love</i> (1791).<span class="fn"><a name="f11.1" id="f11.1"></a><a href="#f11">11</a></span> It is clear, too, that as Boswell's
+depression grew, Courtenay's power to brighten his spirits waned
+considerably. Their friendship, nevertheless, seems to have ended on a
+happy note, for Boswell's final mention of Courtenay in his journal
+includes the remark that with Courtenay he had spent a "good day."<span class="fn"><a name="f12.1" id="f12.1"></a><a href="#f12">12</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Courtenay's <i>Poetical Review</i>, characterized by Donald A. Stauffer as
+an embodiment of the "vice-and-virtue philosophy" in biography, was
+one of the most spirited pieces of Johnsoniana to appear.<span class="fn"><a name="f13.1" id="f13.1"></a><a href="#f13">13</a></span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_iv" id="Page_iv">[Pg iv]</a></span> The
+poem begins with disdain, but at line sixty-one reverses direction and
+becomes vigorously commendatory. Courtenay did not attempt to add
+fresh information about Johnson's life and career. Consequently, the
+unfavorable portion of the poem is a conventional catalog of Johnson's
+often publicized foibles and prejudices, just as the favorable section
+is in part a commonplace survey of his artistic achievement.</p>
+
+<p>This contrast, as Stauffer remarks, renders Courtenay's praise more
+powerful.<span class="fn"><a name="f14.1" id="f14.1"></a><a href="#f14">14</a></span> More important, the play between scorn and praise
+reflects the ambivalence which colors contemporary accounts of
+Johnson. We are now accustomed to the notion of great art as the
+product of a flawed life. But in the eighteenth century, an age
+largely devoted to the idea of discreet biography which concealed or
+minimized the subject's weaknesses, a man like Johnson presented
+formidable problems to the biographer and his readers. Although
+Courtenay merely versified material which other writers had discussed
+in much more detail, his poem is important because it synthesizes the
+conflicting attitudes towards Johnson which prevailed immediately
+after his death. Courtenay, like many others, saw in Johnson a
+powerful mixture of great virtues and vices; and though he is not
+impartial, he effects, through his honesty, an admirable balance
+between Johnson's strengths and weaknesses. The final forty lines of
+the <i>Review</i> constitute one of the most balanced of all contemporary
+tributes to Johnson as a human being.</p>
+
+<p>For the most part, the commendatory section of the poem is an
+unsystematic tracing of Johnson's moral and literary merits.
+Courtenay's rhapsodizing on the <i>Dictionary</i>, the <i>Rambler</i>, and the
+<i>Lives of the Poets</i> is conventional. Clearly, he admired the wide
+scope of Johnson's learning and his ability to communicate his
+knowledge of men and manners in his writings. But his admiration
+occasionally betrays him; for instance, in describing the "brilliant
+school" through which Johnson's influence was perpetuated, he
+overestimated the extent to which Reynolds, Malone, Burney, Jones,
+Goldsmith, Steevens, Hawkesworth, and Boswell were indebted to
+Johnson's writings.<span class="fn"><a name="f15.1" id="f15.1"></a><a href="#f15">15</a></span> Usually, however, he was on firmer ground.
+Courtenay was the only writer before Boswell to praise Johnson's Latin
+verse, a body of poetry virtually ignored by other contemporary<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_v" id="Page_v">[Pg v]</a></span>
+biographers and memorialists.<span class="fn"><a name="f16.1" id="f16.1"></a><a href="#f16">16</a></span> Furthermore, he employs footnotes
+skillfully. Though they impede the progress of the poem, they do
+support poetic statement with factual evidence and explain and amplify
+certain points made in the verses.</p>
+
+<p>The clearest evidence for the care which Courtenay took with the
+<i>Review</i> can be found upon examination of his revisions. He made few
+substantial changes in the second edition, but the third edition
+contains important revisions. Courtenay added ten lines and five
+footnotes in the final version, and lightened some of the scorn in the
+first portion by substituting weaker phrases for stronger ones. He
+also enclosed lines seven through twenty in quotation marks to make it
+appear that the sentiment expressed therein was not his own, but a
+judgment he had heard elsewhere.</p>
+
+<p>But the most significant revisions are concerned with organization. By
+transferring segments of certain verse paragraphs to others, he
+achieves a more unified portrait of Johnson. By means of such
+revision, he forms his general evaluation of Johnson's writing into
+one unit and his comments on individual works into another, where
+before they had been awkwardly interwoven.</p>
+
+<p>Courtenay's <i>Review</i> did not go unnoticed at the time, though for
+obvious reasons it was given less attention by the reviewers than the
+more notorious Johnsoniana. Extracts from the poem were printed in
+several magazines. The reviewers were almost unanimous in damning the
+poem's inelegance, unevenness, and lack of harmony, but reserved
+praise for the sentiments and candor.<span class="fn"><a name="f17.1" id="f17.1"></a><a href="#f17">17</a></span> Chesterfield's apologist in
+William Hayley's <i>Two Dialogues; Containing a Comparative View of the
+Lives, Characters, and Writings of Philip, the Late Earl of
+Chesterfield, and Dr. Samuel Johnson</i> (1787) protested that Courtenay
+was too kind to Johnson. The severest indictment of the Review came
+from the anonymous author of <i>A Poetical Epistle from the Ghost of Dr.
+Johnson</i>, mentioned earlier, who charged Courtenay with poor taste and
+with belaboring the obvious by proving that Johnson was "not quite
+destitute of brains."<span class="fn"><a name="f18.1" id="f18.1"></a><a href="#f18">18</a></span></p>
+
+<p>The greatest champion of the <i>Review</i> was, of course, Boswell. The
+<i>Life</i> is sprinkled with quotations from the third edition, 118<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_vi" id="Page_vi">[Pg vi]</a></span> lines
+in all, mostly from Courtenay's commendatory verses. In view of the
+many published attacks on Johnson, Boswell must have appreciated
+Courtenay's sentiments all the more. Doubtless Courtenay's warm praise
+of the <i>Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides</i> also found favor with
+Boswell.<span class="fn"><a name="f19.1" id="f19.1"></a><a href="#f19">19</a></span> Perhaps Boswell's final and least partial judgment of the
+<i>Review</i> was expressed in his letter to James Abercrombie of
+Philadelphia dated 11 June 1792. He sent Abercrombie a copy of the
+poem, commenting that "though I except to several passages, you will
+find some very good writing."<span class="fn"><a name="f20.1" id="f20.1"></a><a href="#f20">20</a></span></p>
+
+<p>Courtenay's <i>Review</i>, together with several other little known
+<i>memorabilia</i> concerning Johnson, stimulated one of the most energetic
+and splenetic literary controversies of the late eighteenth century.
+In addition, the <i>Review</i> and pieces like it aroused a considerable
+amount of useful, if vitriolic, discussion about the art of biography.</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>University of Iowa</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_vii" id="Page_vii">[Pg vii]</a></span></p>
+<h4>NOTES TO THE INTRODUCTION</h4>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f1.1">1</a><a name="f1" id="f1"></a>] See <i>DNB</i>.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f2.1">2</a><a name="f2" id="f2"></a>] For the information about Courtenay's election, I am indebted to
+Professor James M. Osborn of Yale University. Boswell gives no precise
+date for Courtenay's entry into the Club. His first reference to
+Courtenay's membership occurs in his journal entry of 19 January 1790.
+See <i>Private Papers of James Boswell</i>, ed. Geoffrey Scott and
+Frederick A. Pottle (Privately Printed, 1928-1934), XVIII, 22. See
+also Boswell's letter to Edmond Malone dated 16 December 1790,
+<i>Letters of James Boswell</i>, ed. C. B. Tinker (Oxford, 1924), II,
+409-410. Courtenay and other intimates of Boswell were called "The
+Gang" by Philip Metcalfe. See <i>Private Papers</i>, XVII, 52, 55; XVIII,
+15.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f3.1">3</a><a name="f3" id="f3"></a>] <i>Private Papers</i>, XVI, 106.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f4.1">4</a><a name="f4" id="f4"></a>] <i>Ibid.</i>, XVII, 80. For additional testimony to Courtenay's
+reputation as a wit, see <i>Thraliana</i>, ed. Katharine C. Balderston
+(Oxford, 1951), I, 486, and James Prior, <i>Life of Edmond Malone</i>
+(London, 1860), 287-288.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f5.1">5</a><a name="f5" id="f5"></a>] <i>Private Papers</i>, XVII, 86.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f6.1">6</a><a name="f6" id="f6"></a>] <i>Ibid.</i>, pp. 76-77.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f7.1">7</a><a name="f7" id="f7"></a>] <i>Ibid.</i>, XVI, 178. "M. C." is Mrs. Rudd.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f8.1">8</a><a name="f8" id="f8"></a>] See Boswell's letters to Malone, <i>Letters</i>, II, 405, 427, and
+<i>Private Papers</i>, XVIII, 100. Courtenay became alarmed over Boswell's
+deepening melancholy, as seen in this passage from his letter to
+Malone of 22 February 1791: "Poor Boswell is very low, &amp; desperate &amp;
+... melancholy mad, feels no spring, no pleasure in existence, &amp; is so
+perceptibly altered for the worse that it is remarked everywhere. I
+try all I can to revivify him, but he [turns?] so tiresomely &amp;
+tediously&mdash;for the same cursed trite commonplace topics, about death
+&amp;c.&mdash;that we grow old, and when we are old, we are not young&mdash;that I
+despair of effecting a cure. Doctors Warren and Devaynes very kindly
+interest themselves about him, but you wd be of more service to him
+than anyone." Quoted from a MS at Yale University Library by James
+Osborn, "Edmond Malone and Dr. Johnson," <i>Johnson, Boswell and Their
+Circle: Essays Presented to Lawrence Fitzroy Powell in Honour of His
+Eighty-fourth Birthday</i> (Oxford, 1965), p. 16.</p>
+
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_viii" id="Page_viii">[Pg viii]</a></span>[<a href="#f9.1">9</a><a name="f9" id="f9"></a>] <i>Letters</i>, II,
+428, 425. Boswell tried to negotiate loans for
+Courtenay, and made a successful application to Reynolds. See <i>Private
+Papers</i>, XVII, 85-86, 101-102; XVIII, 120.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f10.1">10</a><a name="f10" id="f10"></a>] <i>Private Papers</i>, XVIII, 171, 178, 184.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f11.1">11</a><a name="f11" id="f11"></a>] See Frank Brady, <i>Boswell's Political Career</i> (New Haven, 1965),
+p. 169, and Frederick A. Pottle, <i>The Literary Career of James
+Boswell, Esq.</i> (Oxford, 1929), p. 147.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f12.1">12</a><a name="f12" id="f12"></a>] <i>Private Papers</i>, XVIII, 271. This entry is dated 31 March 1794,
+not long before the journal ends and some thirteen months before
+Boswell's death.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f13.1">13</a><a name="f13" id="f13"></a>] <i>The Art of Biography in Eighteenth Century England</i> (Princeton,
+1941), p. 345.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f14.1">14</a><a name="f14" id="f14"></a>] <i>Ibid.</i>, p. 346.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f15.1">15</a><a name="f15" id="f15"></a>] W. K. Wimsatt, Jr., in <i>The Prose Style of Samuel Johnson</i> (New
+Haven, 1941), pp. 135-138, argues against the notion that Johnson's
+friends formed such a "school."</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f16.1">16</a><a name="f16" id="f16"></a>] Boswell praised Courtenay's "just and discriminative eulogy" on
+Johnson's Latin poems, and quoted it. See <i>Boswell's Life of Johnson</i>,
+ed. G. B. Hill, revised L. F. Powell (Oxford, 1934-1950), I, 62.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f17.1">17</a><a name="f17" id="f17"></a>] See <i>European Magazine</i>, IX (April 1786), 266; <i>Gentleman's
+Magazine</i>, LVI (May 1786), 415; <i>Monthly Review</i>, LXXV (September
+1786), 229.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f18.1">18</a><a name="f18" id="f18"></a>] It should be noted that the attack on Courtenay in this poem is
+the mildest of the four. The famous caricaturist, Sayer, included
+Courtenay in a poetic attack on Mrs. Piozzi appended to his print,
+<i>Frontispiece to the 2nd Edition of Johnson's Letters</i>, published 7
+April 1788. See James L. Clifford, <i>Hester Lynch Piozzi (Mrs. Thrale)</i>
+(Oxford, 1952), p. 329.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f19.1">19</a><a name="f19" id="f19"></a>] Boswell quoted Courtenay's compliment in <i>Life</i>, II, 268.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f20.1">20</a><a name="f20" id="f20"></a>] <i>Letters</i>, II, 444.</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="Bibliographical Note">
+<tr><td align="center"><strong>BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE</strong></td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>The text of this edition of <i>A Poetical Review of the Literary and
+Moral Character of the Late Samuel Johnson, L.L.D., with Notes</i> is
+reproduced from a copy in the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript
+Library, Yale University.</td></tr></table>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h4>A</h4>
+<h2>POETICAL REVIEW</h2>
+<h4>OF THE</h4>
+<h4>LITERARY AND MORAL CHARACTER</h4>
+<h4>OF THE LATE</h4>
+<h2><i>SAMUEL JOHNSON L.L.D.</i></h2>
+<h3>WITH  NOTES.</h3>
+<h3><span class="smcap">By JOHN COURTENAY, Esq.</span></h3>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h4>THE THIRD EDITION, CORRECTED.</h4>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" summary="quote">
+<tr><td>Man is thy theme; his virtue, or his rage,<br /></td></tr>
+<tr><td>Drawn to the life, in each elaborate page. <span class="smcap">Waller.</span></td></tr>
+<tr><td>&nbsp;</td></tr>
+<tr><td>&mdash;&mdash;<i>immens&aelig; veluti connexa carin&aelig;</i></td></tr>
+<tr><td><i>Cymba minor.</i> <span class="smcap">Statius.</span></td></tr></table>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h5>LONDON:</h5>
+<h5>PRINTED FOR CHARLES DILLY IN THE POULTRY.</h5>
+<h5>M DCC LXXXVI.</h5>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[Pg 1]</a></span></p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h4>A</h4>
+<h2>POETICAL REVIEW, &amp;c.</h2>
+<hr style="width: 15%;" />
+<div class="poem">
+<p>
+A Generous tear will Caledonia shed?<br />
+Her ancient foe, illustrious Johnson's dead;<br />
+Mac-Ossian's sons may now securely rest,<br />
+Safe from the bitter sneer, the cynick jest.<span class="fn"><a name="f21.1" id="f21.1"></a><a href="#f21">21</a></span><br />
+The song of triumph now I seem to hear,<br />
+And these the sounds that vibrate on my ear:<br />
+"Low lies the man, who scarce deigns Gray to praise,<br />
+But from the tomb calls Blackmore's sleeping lays;<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[Pg 2]</a></span>A passport grants to Pomfret's dismal chimes,<br />
+To Yalden's hymns, and Watts's holy rhimes;<span class="fn"><a name="f22.1" id="f22.1"></a><a href="#f22">22</a></span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[Pg 3]</a></span>By subtle doubts would Swift's fair fame invade,<br />
+And round his brows the ray of glory shade;<span class="fn"><a name="f23.1" id="f23.1"></a><a href="#f23">23</a></span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[Pg 4]</a></span>With poignant taunt mild Shenstone's life arraigns,<br />
+His taste contemns, and sweetly-flowing strains;<br />
+At zealous Milton aims his tory dart,<br />
+But in his Savage finds a moral heart;<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[Pg 5]</a></span>At great Nassau despiteful rancour flings,<span class="fn"><a name="f24.1" id="f24.1"></a><a href="#f24">24</a></span><br />
+But pension'd kneels ev'n to usurping kings:<br />
+Rich, old and dying, bows his laurel'd head,<br />
+And almost deigns to ask superfluous bread."<span class="fn"><a name="f25.1" id="f25.1"></a><a href="#f25">25</a></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A sceptick once, he taught the letter'd throng</span><br />
+To doubt the existence of fam'd Ossian's song;<br />
+Yet by the eye of faith, in reason's spite,<br />
+Saw ghosts and witches, preach'd up <i>second sight</i>:<br />
+For o'er his soul sad Superstition threw<br />
+Her gloom, and ting'd his genius with her hue.<br />
+On popish ground he takes his high church station,<br />
+To sound mysterious tenets through the nation;<span class="fn"><a name="f26.1" id="f26.1"></a><a href="#f26">26</a></span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[Pg 6]</a></span>On Scotland's kirk he vents a bigot's gall,<span class="fn"><a name="f27.1" id="f27.1"></a><a href="#f27">27</a></span><br />
+Though her young chieftains prophecy like <span class="smcap">Saul!</span><span class="fn"><a name="f28.1" id="f28.1"></a><a href="#f28">28</a></span><br />
+On Tetty's state his frighted fancy runs,<span class="fn"><a name="f29.1" id="f29.1"></a><a href="#f29">29</a></span><br />
+And Heaven's appeas'd by cross unbutter'd buns:<span class="fn"><a name="f30.1" id="f30.1"></a><a href="#f30">30</a></span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[Pg 7]</a></span>He sleeps and fasts,<span class="fn"><a name="f31.1" id="f31.1"></a><a href="#f31">31</a></span> pens
+on himself a libel,<span class="fn"><a name="f32.1" id="f32.1"></a><a href="#f32">32</a></span><br />
+And still believes, but never reads the Bible.<span class="fn"><a name="f33.1" id="f33.1"></a><a href="#f33">33</a></span><br />
+Fame says, at school, of scripture science vain,<br />
+Bel and the Dragon smote him on the brain;<span class="fn"><a name="f34.1" id="f34.1"></a><a href="#f34">34</a></span><br />
+Scar'd with the blow, he shun'd the Jewish law,<br />
+And eyed the Ark with reverential awe:<span class="fn"><a name="f35.1" id="f35.1"></a><a href="#f35">35</a></span><br />
+Let priestly S&mdash;h&mdash;n in a godly fit<br />
+The tale relate, in aid of Holy Writ;<br />
+Though candid Adams, by whom <span class="smcap">David</span> fell,<span class="fn"><a name="f36.1" id="f36.1"></a><a href="#f36">36</a></span><br />
+Who ancient miracles sustain'd so well,<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[Pg 8]</a></span>To recent wonders may deny his aid,<span class="fn"><a name="f37.1" id="f37.1"></a><a href="#f37">37</a></span><br />
+Nor own a buzy zealot of the trade.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">A coward wish, long stigmatiz'd by fame,</span><br />
+Devotes M&aelig;cenas to eternal shame;<span class="fn"><a name="f38.1" id="f38.1"></a><a href="#f38">38</a></span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[Pg 9]</a></span>Religious Johnson, future life to gain,<br />
+Would ev'n submit to everlasting pain:<br />
+How clear, how strong, such kindred colours paint<br />
+The Roman epicure and Christian saint!<br />
+O, had he liv'd in more enlighten'd times,<br />
+When signs from heaven proclaim'd vile mortals' crimes,<br />
+How had he groan'd, with sacred horrors pale,<br />
+When Noah's comet shook her angry tail;<span class="fn"><a name="f39.1" id="f39.1"></a><a href="#f39">39</a></span><br />
+That wicked comet, which Will Whiston swore<br />
+Would burn the earth that she had drown'd before!<span class="fn"><a name="f40.1" id="f40.1"></a><a href="#f40">40</a></span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[Pg 10]</a></span>Or when Moll Tosts, by throes parturient vext,<br />
+Saw her young rabbets peep from Esdras' text!<span class="fn"><a name="f41.1" id="f41.1"></a><a href="#f41">41</a></span><br />
+To him such signs, prepar'd by mystick grace,<br />
+Had shewn the impending doom of Adam's race.<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[Pg 11]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1em;">But who to blaze his frailties feels delight,</span><br />
+When the great author rises to our sight?<br />
+When the pure tenour of his life we view,<br />
+Himself the bright exemplar that he drew?<br />
+Whose works console the good, instruct the wise,<br />
+And teach the soul to claim her kindred skies.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">By grateful bards his name be ever sung,</span><br />
+Whose sterling touch has fix'd the English tongue!<br />
+Fortune's dire weight, the patron's cold disdain,<br />
+"Shook off, as dew-drops from the lion's mane;"<span class="fn"><a name="f42.1" id="f42.1"></a><a href="#f42">42</a></span><br />
+Unknown, unaided, in a friendless state,<span class="fn"><a name="f43.1" id="f43.1"></a><a href="#f43">43</a></span><br />
+Without one smile of favour from the great;<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[Pg 12]</a></span>The bulky tome his curious care refines,<br />
+Till the great work in full perfection shines;<br />
+His wide research and patient skill displays<br />
+What scarce was sketch'd in <span class="smcap">Anna</span>'s golden days;<span class="fn"><a name="f44.1" id="f44.1"></a><a href="#f44">44</a></span><br />
+What only learning's aggregated toil<br />
+Slowly accomplish'd in each foreign soil.<span class="fn"><a name="f45.1" id="f45.1"></a><a href="#f45">45</a></span><br />
+Yet to the mine though the rich coin he trace,<br />
+No current marks his early essays grace;<br />
+For in each page we find a massy store<br />
+Of English bullion mix'd with Latian ore:<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[Pg 13]</a></span>In solemn pomp, with pedantry combin'd,<br />
+He vents the morbid sadness of his mind;<span class="fn"><a name="f46.1" id="f46.1"></a><a href="#f46">46</a></span><br />
+In scientifick phrase affects to smile,<br />
+Form'd on Brown's turgid Latin-English style:<span class="fn"><a name="f47.1" id="f47.1"></a><a href="#f47">47</a></span><br />
+Too oft the abstract decorates his prose,<span class="fn"><a name="f48.1" id="f48.1"></a><a href="#f48">48</a></span><br />
+While measur'd ternaries the periods close:<br />
+But all propriety his Ramblers mock,<br />
+When Betty prates from Newton and from Locke;<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[Pg 14]</a></span>When no diversity we trace between<br />
+The lofty moralist and gay fifteen&mdash;<span class="fn"><a name="f49.1" id="f49.1"></a><a href="#f49">49</a></span><br />
+Yet genius still breaks through the encumbering phrase;<br />
+His taste we censure, but the work we praise:<br />
+There learning beams with fancy's brilliant dyes,<br />
+Vivid as lights that gild the northern skies;<br />
+Man's complex heart he bares to open day,<br />
+Clear as the prism unfolds the blended ray:<br />
+The picture from his mind assumes its hue;<br />
+The shades too dark, but the design still true.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Though Johnson's merits thus I freely scan,</span><br />
+And paint the foibles of this wond'rous man;<br />
+Yet can I coolly read, and not admire,<br />
+When Learning, Wit and Poetry conspire<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[Pg 15]</a></span>To shed a radiance o'er his moral page,<br />
+And spread truth's sacred light to many an age?<br />
+For all his works with innate lustre shine,<br />
+Strength all his own, and energy divine.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">While through life's maze he sent a piercing view,</span><br />
+His mind expansive to the object grew.<br />
+With various stores of erudition fraught,<br />
+The lively image, the deep-searching thought,<br />
+Slept in repose;&mdash;but when the moment press'd,<br />
+The bright ideas flood at once confess'd;<span class="fn"><a name="f50.1" id="f50.1"></a><a href="#f50">50</a></span><br />
+Instant his genius sped its vigorous rays,<br />
+And o'er the letter'd world diffus'd a blaze:<br />
+As womb'd with fire the cloud electrick flies,<br />
+And calmly o'er the horizon seems to rise;<br />
+Touch'd by the pointed steel, the lightning flows,<br />
+And all the expanse with rich effulgence glows.<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[Pg 16]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1em;">In judgment keen, he acts the critick's part,</span><br />
+By reason proves the feelings of the heart;<br />
+In thought profound, in nature's study wise,<br />
+Shews from what source our fine sensations rise;<br />
+With truth, precision, fancy's claims defines,<br />
+And throws new splendour o'er the poet's lines.<span class="fn"><a name="f51.1" id="f51.1"></a><a href="#f51">51</a></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">When specious sophists with presumption scan</span><br />
+The source of evil, hidden still from man;<span class="fn"><a name="f52.1" id="f52.1"></a><a href="#f52">52</a></span><br />
+Revive Arabian tales<span class="fn"><a name="f53.1" id="f53.1"></a><a href="#f53">53</a></span>, and vainly hope<br />
+To rival St. John, and his scholar, Pope;<span class="fn"><a name="f54.1" id="f54.1"></a><a href="#f54">54</a></span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[Pg 17]</a></span>Though metaphysicks spread the gloom of night,<br />
+By reason's star he guides our aching sight;<br />
+The bounds of knowledge marks; and points the way<br />
+To pathless wastes, where wilder'd sages stray;<br />
+Where, like a farthing linkboy, Jennings stands,<br />
+And the dim torch drops from his feeble hands.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Impressive truth, in splendid fiction drest,<span class="fn"><a name="f55.1" id="f55.1"></a><a href="#f55">55</a></span></span><br />
+Checks the vain wish, and calms the troubled breast;<br />
+O'er the dark mind a light celestial throws,<br />
+And sooths the angry passions to repose;<br />
+As oil effus'd illumes and smooths the deep,<span class="fn"><a name="f56.1" id="f56.1"></a><a href="#f56">56</a></span><br />
+When round the bark the foaming surges sweep.&mdash;<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">But hark, he sings! the strain ev'n Pope admires;</span><br />
+Indignant Virtue her own bard inspires;<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[Pg 18]</a></span>Sublime as Juvenal, he pours his lays,<span class="fn"><a name="f57.1" id="f57.1"></a><a href="#f57">57</a></span><br />
+And with the Roman shares congenial praise:&mdash;<br />
+In glowing numbers now he fires the age,<br />
+And Shakspeare's sun relumes the clouded stage.<span class="fn"><a name="f58.1" id="f58.1"></a><a href="#f58">58</a></span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">So full his mind with images was fraught,</span><br />
+The rapid strains scarce claim'd a second thought;<br />
+And with like ease his vivid lines assume<br />
+The garb and dignity of ancient Rome.&mdash;<br />
+Let college <i>versemen</i> trite conceits express,<br />
+Trick'd out in splendid shreds of Virgil's dress;<br />
+From playful Ovid cull the tinsel phrase,<br />
+And vapid notions hitch in pilfer'd lays;<br />
+Then with mosaick art the piece combine,<br />
+And boast the glitter of each dulcet line:<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[Pg 19]</a></span>Johnson adventur'd boldly to transfuse<br />
+His vigorous sense into the Latian muse;<br />
+Aspir'd to shine by unreflected light,<br />
+And with a Roman's ardour <i>think</i> and write.<br />
+He felt the tuneful Nine his breast inspire,<br />
+And, like a master, wak'd the<span class="fn"><a name="f59.1" id="f59.1"></a><a href="#f59">59</a></span> soothing lyre:<br />
+Horatian strains a grateful heart proclaim,<br />
+While Sky's wild rocks resound his Thralia's name.&mdash;<br />
+Hesperia's plant, in some less skillful hands,<br />
+To bloom a while, factitious heat demands;<br />
+Though glowing Maro a faint warmth supplies,<br />
+The sickly blossom in the hot-house dies:<br />
+By Johnson's genial culture, art, and toil,<br />
+Its root strikes deep, and owns the fost'ring soil;<br />
+Imbibes our sun through all its swelling veins,<br />
+And grows a native of Britannia's plains.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Soft-ey'd compassion, with a look benign</span><br />
+His fervent vows he offer'd at thy shrine;<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[Pg 20]</a></span>To guilt, to woe, the sacred debt was paid,<span class="fn"><a name="f60.1" id="f60.1"></a><a href="#f60">60</a></span><br />
+And helpless females bless'd his pious aid:<br />
+Snatch'd from disease, and want's abandon'd crew,<br />
+Despair and anguish from their victims flew;<br />
+Hope's soothing balm into their bosoms stole,<br />
+And tears of penitence restor'd the soul.<br />
+Nor did philanthrophy alone expand<br />
+His liberal heart, and ope his bounteous hand;<br />
+His <i>talents</i> ev'n he gave to friendship's claim,<span class="fn"><a name="f61.1" id="f61.1"></a><a href="#f61">61</a></span><br />
+And by the gift imparted wealth and fame:<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[Pg 21]</a></span>His mind exhaustless sped its vivid force,<br />
+Yet with unbated vigour held its course;<br />
+As some fix'd star fulfills heaven's great designs,<br />
+Lights other spheres, yet undiminish'd shines.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">How few distinguish'd of the studious train</span><br />
+At the gay board their empire can maintain!<br />
+In their own books intomb'd their wisdom lies;<br />
+Too dull for talk, their slow conceptions rise:<br />
+Yet the mute author, of his writings proud,<br />
+For wit unshewn claims homage from the crowd;<br />
+As thread-bare misers, by mean avarice school'd,<br />
+Expect obeisance from their hidden gold.&mdash;<br />
+In converse quick, impetuous Johnson press'd<br />
+His weighty logick, or sarcastick jest:<br />
+Strong in the chace, and nimble in the turns,<span class="fn"><a name="f62.1" id="f62.1"></a><a href="#f62">62</a></span><br />
+For victory still his fervid spirit burns;<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[Pg 22]</a></span>Subtle when wrong, invincible when right,<br />
+Arm'd at all points, and glorying in his might,<br />
+Gladiator-like, he traverses the field,<br />
+And strength and skill compel the foe to yield.&mdash;<br />
+Yet have I seen him, with a milder air,<br />
+Encircled by the witty and the fair,<br />
+Ev'n in old age with placid mien rejoice<br />
+At beauty's smile, and beauty's flattering voice.&mdash;<br />
+With Reynolds' pencil, vivid, bold, and true,<br />
+So fervent Boswell gives him to our view.<br />
+In every trait we see his mind expand;<br />
+The master rises by the pupil's hand;<br />
+We love the writer, praise his happy vein,<br />
+Grac'd with the naivet&eacute; of the sage Montaigne.<br />
+Hence not alone are brighter parts display'd,<br />
+But ev'n the specks of character portray'd:<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[Pg 23]</a></span>We <i>see</i> the Rambler with fastidious smile<br />
+Mark the lone tree, and note the heath-clad isle;<br />
+But when the heroick tale of Flora charms,<span class="fn"><a name="f63.1" id="f63.1"></a><a href="#f63">63</a></span><br />
+Deck'd in a kilt, he wields a chieftain's arms:<br />
+The tuneful piper sounds a martial strain,<br />
+And Samuel sings, "The King shall have his ain":<br />
+Two Georges in his loyal zeal are slur'd,<span class="fn"><a name="f64.1" id="f64.1"></a><a href="#f64">64</a></span><br />
+A gracious pension only saves the third!&mdash;<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">By Nature's gifts ordain'd mankind to rule,</span><br />
+He, like a Titian, form'd his brilliant school;<br />
+And taught congenial spirits to excel,<br />
+While from his lips impressive wisdom fell.<br />
+Our boasted <span class="smcap">Goldsmith</span> felt the sovereign sway;<br />
+From him deriv'd the sweet yet nervous lay.<br />
+To Fame's proud cliff he bade our Raphael rise;<br />
+Hence <span class="smcap">Reynolds</span>' pen with <span class="smcap">Reynolds</span>' pencil vyes.<br />
+With Johnson's flame melodious <span class="smcap">Burney</span> glows,<span class="fn"><a name="f65.1" id="f65.1"></a><a href="#f65">65</a></span><br />
+While the grand strain in smoother cadence flows.<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[Pg 24]</a></span>And you, <span class="smcap">Malone</span>, to critick learning dear,<br />
+Correct and elegant, refin'd, though clear,<br />
+By studying him, acquir'd that classick taste,<br />
+Which high in Shakspeare's fane thy statue plac'd.<br />
+Near Johnson <span class="smcap">Steevens</span> stands, on scenick ground,<br />
+Acute, laborious, fertile, and profound.<br />
+Ingenious <span class="smcap">Hawkesworth</span> to this school we owe,<br />
+And scarce the pupil from the tutor know.<br />
+Here early parts accomplish'd <span class="smcap">Jones</span><span class="fn"><a name="f66.1" id="f66.1"></a><a href="#f66">66</a></span> sublimes,<br />
+And science blends with Asia's lofty rhimes:<br />
+Harmonious <span class="smcap">Jones</span>! who in his splendid strains<br />
+Sings Camdeo's sports, on Agra's flowery plains;<br />
+In Hindu fictions while we fondly trace<br />
+Love and the Muses, deck'd with Attick grace.<span class="fn"><a name="f67.1" id="f67.1"></a><a href="#f67">67</a></span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[Pg 25]</a></span>Amid these names can <span class="smcap">Boswell</span> be forgot,<br />
+Scarce by North Britons now esteem'd a Scot?<span class="fn"><a name="f68.1" id="f68.1"></a><a href="#f68">68</a></span><br />
+Who to the sage devoted from his youth,<br />
+Imbib'd from him the sacred love of truth;<br />
+The keen research, the exercise of mind,<br />
+And that best art, the art to know mankind.&mdash;<br />
+Nor was his energy confin'd alone<br />
+To friends around his philosophick throne;<br />
+Its influence wide improv'd our letter'd isle,<br />
+And lucid vigour mark'd the general style:<br />
+As Nile's proud waves, swol'n from their oozy bed,<br />
+First o'er the neighbouring meads majestick spread;<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[Pg 26]</a></span>Till gathering force, they more and more expand,<br />
+And with new virtue fertilise the land.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thus sings the Muse, to Johnson's memory just,</span><br />
+And scatters praise and censure o'er his dust;<br />
+For through each checker'd scene a contrast ran,<br />
+Too sad a proof, how great, how weak is man!<br />
+Though o'er his passions conscience held the rein,<br />
+He shook at dismal phantoms of the brain:<br />
+A boundless faith that noble mind debas'd,<br />
+By piercing wit, energick reason grac'd:<br />
+A generous Briton<span class="fn"><a name="f69.1" id="f69.1"></a><a href="#f69">69</a></span>, yet he seems to hope<br />
+For James's grandson, and for James's Pope:<br />
+With courtly zeal fair freedom's sons defames,<span class="fn"><a name="f70.1" id="f70.1"></a><a href="#f70">70</a></span><br />
+Yet, like a Hamden, pleads Ierne's claims.<span class="fn"><a name="f71.1" id="f71.1"></a><a href="#f71">71</a></span><br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[Pg 27]</a></span>Though proudly splenetick, yet idly vain,<br />
+Accepted flattery, and dealt disdain.&mdash;<br />
+E'en shades like these, to brilliancy ally'd,<br />
+May comfort fools, and curb the Sage's pride.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Yet Learning's sons, who o'er his foibles mourn,</span><br />
+To latest time shall fondly view his urn;<br />
+And wond'ring praise, to human frailties blind,<br />
+Talents and virtue of the brightest kind;<br />
+Revere the man, with various knowledge stor'd,<br />
+Who science, arts, and life's whole scheme explor'd;<br />
+<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[Pg 28]</a></span>Who firmly scorn'd, when in a lowly state,<br />
+To flatter vice, or court the vain and great;<span class="fn"><a name="f72.1" id="f72.1"></a><a href="#f72">72</a></span><br />
+Whose heart still felt a sympathetick glow,<br />
+Prompt to relieve man's variegated woe;<br />
+Whose ardent hope, intensely fix'd on high,<br />
+Saw future bliss with intellectual eye.<br />
+Still in his breast Religion held her sway,<br />
+Disclosing visions of celestial day;<br />
+And gave his soul, amidst this world of strife,<br />
+The blest reversion of eternal life:<br />
+By this dispell'd, each doubt and horrour flies,<br />
+And calm at length in holy peace he dies.<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The sculptur'd trophy, and imperial bust,</span><br />
+That proudly rise around his hallow'd dust,<br />
+Shall mould'ring fall, by Time's slow hand decay'd,<br />
+But the bright meed of virtue ne'er shall fade.<br />
+Exulting Genius stamps his sacred name,<br />
+Enroll'd for ever in the dome of Fame.<br /></p></div>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h3><strong>T H E<span class="spacer">&nbsp;</span>E N D.</strong></h3>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>Footnotes:</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f21.1">21</a><a name="f21" id="f21"></a>] "A Scotchman must be a sturdy moralist, who does not prefer
+Scotland to truth." Johnson's <i>Journey to the Western Isles of
+Scotland</i>.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f22.1">22</a><a name="f22" id="f22"></a>] "The Poems of Dr. Watts were by my recommendation inserted in
+this collection; the readers of which are to impute to me whatever
+pleasure or weariness they may find in the perusal of Blackmore,
+Watts, Pomfret and Yalden." Johnson's <i>Life of Watts</i>.</p>
+
+<p>The following specimen of their productions may be sufficient to
+enable the reader to judge of their respective merits:<br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">"Alas, Jerusalem! alas! where's now</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Thy pristine glory, thy unmatch'd renown,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">To which the heathen monarchies did bow?</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Ah, hapless, miserable town!"</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 8em;">Eleazar's <i>Lamentation over Jerusalem, paraphrased by</i> Pomfret.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">"Before the Almighty Artist fram'd the sky,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Or gave the earth its harmony,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">His first command was for thy light;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">He view'd the lovely birth, and blessed it:</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;"><i>In purple swaddling bands it struggling lay</i>,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Old Chaos then a chearful smile put on,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">And from thy beauteous form did first presage its own."</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 8em;">Yalden's <i>Hymn to Light</i>.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">"My chearful soul now all the day</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">Sits waiting here and sings;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Looks through the ruins of her clay,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">And practises her wings.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">O, rather let this flesh decay,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">The ruins wider grow!</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Till glad to see the enlarged way,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 3em;">I stretch my pinions through."</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 8em;"><i>A Sight of Heaven in Sickness, by</i> Isaac Watts.</span><br />
+</p>
+
+
+<p>[<a href="#f23.1">23</a><a name="f23" id="f23"></a>] "He seemed to me to have an unaccountable prejudice against
+Swift.&mdash;He said to-day,&mdash;I doubt if the <i>Tale of a Tub</i> was his; it
+has so much more thinking, more knowledge, more power, more colour,
+than any of the works that are indisputably his. If it was his, I
+shall only say, he was <i>impar sibi</i>." Boswell's <i>Tour to the
+Hebrides</i>, p. 38.</p>
+
+<p>Doctor Johnson's "unaccountable prejudice against Swift" may probably
+be derived from the same source as Blackmore's, if we may venture to
+form a judgement from the panegyrick he bestows on the following
+groundless invective, expressly aimed at Swift as the author of <i>A
+Tale of a Tub</i>, which he quotes in his life of Blackmore: "Several, in
+their books, have many sarcastical and spiteful strokes at religion in
+general; while others make themselves pleasant with the principles of
+the Christian. Of the last kind, this age has seen a most audacious
+example, in the book intituled "<i>A Tale of a Tub</i>." Had this writing
+been published in a pagan or <i>popish</i> nation, who are <i>justly</i>
+impatient of all indignity offered to the established religion of
+their country, no doubt but the author would have received the
+punishment he deserved.&mdash;But the fate of this impious buffoon is very
+different; for in a protestant kingdom, zealous of <ins class="correction" title="Original reads 'ther'">their</ins> civil and
+religious immunities, he has not only escaped affronts and the effects
+of publick resentment, but has been caressed and patronised by persons
+of great figure of all denominations."</p>
+
+<p>The malevolent dullness of bigotry alone could have inspired Blackmore
+with these sentiments. The fact is, that the <i>Tale of a Tub</i> is a
+continued panegyrick on the Church of England, and a bitter satire on
+Popery, Calvinism, and every sect of dissenters. At the same time I am
+persuaded, that every reader of taste and discernment will perceive in
+many parts of Swift's other writings strong internal proofs of that
+style which characterises the <i>Tale of a Tub</i>; especially in the
+<i>Publick Spirit of the Whigs</i>. It is well known, that he affected
+simplicity, and studiously avoided any display of learning, except
+where the subject made it absolutely necessary. Temporary, local, and
+political topicks compose too great a part of his works; but in a
+treatise that admitted "more thinking, more knowledge," &amp;c. he
+naturally exerted all his powers.&mdash;Let us hear the author himself on
+this point.</p>
+
+<p>"The greatest part of that book was finished above thirteen years
+since, (1696) which is eight years before it was published. The author
+was then young, his invention at the height, and his reading fresh in
+his head." And again: "Men should be more cautious in losing their
+time, if they did but consider, that to answer a book effectually
+requireth more pains and skill, more wit, learning and judgement, than
+were employed in writing it.&mdash;And the author assureth those gentlemen,
+who have given themselves that trouble with him, that his discourse is
+the product of the study, the observation, and the invention of
+<i>several years</i>; that he often blotted out more than he left; and if
+his papers had not been a long time out of his possession, they must
+still have undergone more severe corrections." <i>An Apology for the
+Tale of a Tub.</i>&mdash;With respect to this work being the production of
+Swift, see his letter to the printer, Mr. Benjamin Tooke, dated
+Dublin, June 29, 1710, and Tooke's Answer on the publication of <i>the
+Apology</i> and a new edition of the <i>Tale of a Tub</i>. Hawkesworth's
+edition of Swift's Works, 8vo. vol. xvi. p. 145.</p>
+
+<p>Doctor Hawkesworth mentions, in his preface, that the edition of <i>A
+Tale of a Tub</i>, printed in 1710, was revised and corrected by the Dean
+a short time before his understanding was impaired, and that the
+corrected copy was, in the year 1760, in the hands of his kinsman, Mr.
+Deane Swift.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f24.1">24</a><a name="f24" id="f24"></a>] <i>Johnson.</i> "I would tell truth of the two Georges, or of that
+<i>scoundrel</i>, King William." Boswell's <i>Tour to the Hebrides</i>, p. 312.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f25.1">25</a><a name="f25" id="f25"></a>] See his letter to Lord Thurlow, in which he seems to approve of
+the application (though he was not previously consulted), thanks his
+Lordship for having made it, and even expresses some degree of
+surprize and resentment on the proposed addition to his pension being
+refused.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f26.1">26</a><a name="f26" id="f26"></a>] "If (added Dr. Johnson) <span class="smcap">God</span> had never spoken figuratively, we
+might hold that he speaks literally, when he says, "This is my body."
+Boswell's <i>Tour</i>, p. 67.&mdash;Here his only objection to
+transubstantiation seems to rest on the style of the Scripture being
+figurative elsewhere as well as in this passage. Hence we may infer,
+that he would otherwise have believed in it.&mdash;But Archbishop Tillotson
+and Mr. Locke reason more philosophically, by asserting that "no
+doctrine, however clearly expressed in Scripture, is to be admitted,
+if it contradict the evidence of our senses:&mdash;For our evidence for the
+truth of revealed religion is <i>less</i> than the evidence for the truth
+of our senses, because, <i>even</i> in the first authors of our religion,
+it was no greater; and it is evident it must diminish in passing from
+them to us, through the medium of human testimony."&mdash;This question,
+however, may perhaps be better elucidated by the following Anecdote,
+preserved by Mr. Richardson, than by a more serious discussion:</p>
+
+<p>"Mr. Pope, who loved to talk of Titcum, (one who used to be of the
+party with him, Gay, Swift, Craggs, and Addison, and that set, in his
+youth,) told us, that Gay went to see him as he was dying, and asked
+him, if he would have a priest; (for he was a papist,) 'No, said he,
+what should I do with them? But I would rather have one of them, than
+one of yours, of the two. Our fools, (continued he) write great books
+to prove that <i>bread</i> is <i>God</i>; but your booby (he meant Tillotson)
+has wrote a long argument to prove that <i>bread</i> is <i>bread</i>.'"
+<i>Richardsoniana</i>, p. 167.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f27.1">27</a><a name="f27" id="f27"></a>] See his conversation with Lord Auchinleck. Boswell's <i>Tour</i>.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f28.1">28</a><a name="f28" id="f28"></a>] See the First Book of Samuel, ch. x.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f29.1">29</a><a name="f29" id="f29"></a>] "And I commend to thy fatherly goodness the soul of my departed
+wife, beseeching thee to grant her whatever is best in her present state."<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 8em;">Johnson's <i>Meditations</i>.</span></p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f30.1">30</a><a name="f30" id="f30"></a>] "I returned home, but could not settle my mind. At last I read a
+chapter. Then went down about six or seven, and eat two <i>cross-buns</i>."<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 8em;"><i>Meditations</i>, p. 154.</span></p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f31.1">31</a><a name="f31" id="f31"></a>] "I fasted, though less rigorously than at other times. I by
+negligence poured some milk into my tea. <i>Ibid.</i> p. 146.&mdash;Yesterday, I
+fasted, as I have always, or commonly done, since the death of Tetty;
+the fast was more painful than usual."</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f32.1">32</a><a name="f32" id="f32"></a>]<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;">"<span class="smcap">Purposes</span>.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">To keep a journal. To begin this day. (Sept. 18th, 1766.)</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">To spend four hours in study every day, and as much more as I can.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">To read a portion of Scripture in Greek every Sunday.</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">To rise at eight.&mdash;Oct. 3d. Of all this I have done nothing." <i>Ibid.</i></span></p>
+
+
+<p>[<a href="#f33.1">33</a><a name="f33" id="f33"></a>] "I resolved last Easter to read, within the year, the whole
+Bible; a great part of which I had never looked upon." <i>Meditations.</i></p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f34.1">34</a><a name="f34" id="f34"></a>] "I have never yet read the Apocrypha. When I was a boy I have
+read or heard Bel and the Dragon." <i>Meditations.</i></p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f35.1">35</a><a name="f35" id="f35"></a>] See the First Book of Samuel, ch. v. and vi. in which an account
+is given of the punishment of the Philistines for looking into the
+ark.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f36.1">36</a><a name="f36" id="f36"></a>] The Rev. Dr. Adams of Oxford, distinguished for his answer to
+David Hume's <i>Essay on Miracles</i>.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f37.1">37</a><a name="f37" id="f37"></a>] From the following letter there is reason to apprehend that Dr.
+Adams would not support Mr. S&mdash;&mdash;n, if he should add this to the other
+singular anecdotes that he has published relative to Dr. Johnson.</p>
+
+<p>Mr. Urban,<span class="spacer">&nbsp;</span> Oxford, Oct. 22d, 1785.<br />
+<br />
+In your last month's Review of books, you have asserted, that the
+publication of Dr. Johnson's <i>Prayers</i> and <i>Meditations</i> appears to
+have been at the instance of Dr. Adams, Master of Pembroke College,
+Oxford. This, I think, is more than you are warranted by the editor's
+preface to say; and is so far from being true, that Dr. Adams never
+saw a line of these compositions, before they appeared in print, nor
+ever heard from Dr. Johnson, or the editor, that any such existed. Had
+he been consulted about the publication, he would certainly have given
+his voice against it: and he therefore hopes, that you will clear him,
+in as publick a manner as you can, from being any way accessary to it. <span class="spacer">&nbsp;</span>Wm. Adams.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f38.1">38</a><a name="f38" id="f38"></a>]<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">"Debilem facite manu,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Debilem pede, coxa;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Tuber adstrue gibberum;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Lubricos quate dentes;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Vita dum superest, bene est:</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Hanc mihi, vel acuta</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Si sedeam cruce, sustine." &nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="smcap">Senec. Epist.</span> 101.</span><br />
+<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Let me but live, the fam'd M&aelig;cenas cries,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Lame of both hands, and lame in feet and thighs;</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Hump-back'd, and toothless;&mdash;all convuls'd with pain,</span><br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">Ev'n on the cross,&mdash;so precious life remain.</span><br />
+</p>
+<p>Dr. Johnson, in his last illness, is said to have declared (in the
+presence of Doctors H. and B.) that he would prefer a state of
+existence in eternal pain to annihilation.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f39.1">39</a><a name="f39" id="f39"></a>] "This last comet (which appeared in the year 1680) I may well
+call the most remarkable one that ever appeared; since, besides the
+former consideration, I shall presently shew, that it is no other than
+that very comet, which came by the earth at the time of Noah's deluge,
+and <i>which was the cause of the same</i>." Whiston's <i>Theory of the
+Earth</i>, p. 188.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f40.1">40</a><a name="f40" id="f40"></a>] "Since 575 years appear to be the period of the comet that caused
+the deluge, what a learned friend who was the occasion of my
+examination of this matter, suggests, will deserve to be considered;
+viz. Whether the story of the ph&oelig;nix, that celebrated emblem of the
+resurrection in Christian antiquity, (that it returns once after five
+centuries, and goes to the altar and city of the sun, and is there
+burnt; and another arises out of its ashes, and carries away the
+remains of the former; &amp;c.) be not an allegorical representation of
+this comet, which returns once after five centuries, and goes down to
+the sun, and is there vehemently heated, and its outward regions
+dissolved; yet that it flies off again, and carries away what remains
+after that terrible burning; &amp;c. and whether the <i>conflagration</i> and
+renovation of things, which some such comet may bring on the earth, be
+not hereby prefigured, I will not here be positive: but I own, that I
+do not know of any solution of this famous piece of mythology and
+hieroglyphics, as this seems to be, that can be compared with it."
+<i>Ibid.</i> p. 196.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f41.1">41</a><a name="f41" id="f41"></a>] "'Tis here foretold [by Esdras] that there should be <i>signs in
+the woman</i>; and before all others this prediction has been verified in
+the famous <i>rabbet-woman of Surrey</i>, in the days of King George
+I.&mdash;This story has been so unjustly laughed out of countenance, that I
+must distinctly give my reasons for believing it to be true, and
+alleging it here as the fulfilling of this ancient prophecy before
+us.&mdash;1st. The man-midwife, Mr. Howard of Godalmin in Surrey, a person
+of very great honesty, skill and reputation in his profession,
+attested it.&mdash;It was believed by King George to be real; and it was
+also believed by my old friends the Speaker and Mr. Samuel Collet, as
+they told me themselves, and was generally by sober persons in the
+neighbourhood. Nay Mr. Molyneux, the Prince's Secretary, a very
+inquisitive person, and my very worthy friend, assured me he had at
+first so great a diffidence in the truth of the fact, and was so
+little biassed by the other believers, even by the King himself, that
+he would not be satisfied till he was permitted both to see and feel
+the rabbet, <i>in that very passage, whence we all come into this
+world</i>."<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;">Whiston's <i>Memoirs</i>, vol. ii. p. 110.</span></p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f42.1">42</a><a name="f42" id="f42"></a>] "The incumbrances of fortune were shaken from his mind as
+<i>dew-drops from the lion's mane</i>." Johnson's <i>Preface to his edition
+of Shakespeare</i>.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f43.1">43</a><a name="f43" id="f43"></a>] Every reader of sensibility must be strongly affected by the
+following pathetick passages:&mdash;"Much of my life has been lost under
+the pressures of disease; much has been trifled away; and much has
+always been spent in provision for the day that was passing over me;
+but I shall not think my employment useless or ignoble, if by my
+assistance foreign nations and distant ages gain access to the
+propagators of knowledge, and understand the teachers of truth; if my
+labours afford light to the repositories of science, and add celebrity
+to Bacon, to Hooker, to Milton, and to Boyle."</p>
+
+<p>"In this work, when it shall be found that much is omitted, let it not
+be forgotten that much likewise is performed; and though no book was
+ever spared out of tenderness to the authour, and the world is little
+solicitous to know whence proceeded the faults of that which it
+condemns, yet it may gratify curiosity to inform it, that the <span class="smcap">English
+Dictionary</span> was written with <i>little assistance of the learned, and
+without any patronage of the great; not in the soft obscurities of
+retirement, or under the shelter of academick bowers, but amidst
+inconvenience and distraction, in sickness and in sorrow</i>." Preface to
+Dr. Johnson's Dictionary.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f44.1">44</a><a name="f44" id="f44"></a>] See Swift's letter to Lord Oxford for the institution of an
+academy to improve and fix the English language.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f45.1">45</a><a name="f45" id="f45"></a>] The great French and Italian Dictionaries were not the
+productions of an individual, but were compiled by a body of
+Academicians in each country.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f46.1">46</a><a name="f46" id="f46"></a>] "In times and regions so disjoined from each other, that there
+can scarcely be imagined any communication of sentiments, either by
+commerce or tradition, has prevailed a general and uniform expectation
+of propitiating <span class="smcap">God</span> by corporal austerities, of anticipating his
+vengeance by voluntary inflictions, and appeasing his justice by a
+speedy and cheerful submission to a less penalty when a greater is
+incurred."<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;"><i>Rambler</i>, No. 110.</span></p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f47.1">47</a><a name="f47" id="f47"></a>] The style of the <i>Ramblers</i> seem to have been formed on that of
+Sir Thomas Brown's <i>Vulgar Errors</i> and <i>Christian Morals</i>.</p>
+
+<p>"But ice is water congealed by the frigidity of the air, whereby it
+acquireth no new form, but rather a consistence or determination of
+its defluency, and amitteth not its essence, but condition of
+fluidity. Neither doth there any thing properly conglaciate but water,
+or watery humidity, for the determination of quicksilver is properly
+fixation, that of milk coagulation, and that of oil and unctuous
+bodies only incrassation."&mdash;Is this written by Brown or Johnson?</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f48.1">48</a><a name="f48" id="f48"></a>] In the <i>Ramblers</i> the abstract too often occurs instead of the
+concrete;&mdash;one of Dr. Johnson's peculiarities.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f49.1">49</a><a name="f49" id="f49"></a>] See Victoria's Letter, <span class="smcap">Rambler</span>, No. 130.&mdash;"I was never permitted
+to sleep till I had passed through the cosmetick discipline, part of
+which was a regular lustration performed with bean-flower water and
+may-dews; my hair was perfumed with a variety of unguents, by some of
+which it was to be thickened, and by others to be curled. The softness
+of my hands was secured by medicated gloves, and my bosom rubbed with
+a pomade prepared by my mother, of virtue to discuss pimples, and
+clear discolorations."</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f50.1">50</a><a name="f50" id="f50"></a>] Dr. Johnson's extraordinary facility of composition is well known
+from many circumstances. He wrote forty pages of the Life of Savage in
+one night. He composed seventy lines of his Imitation of the Tenth
+Satire of Juvenal, and wrote them down from memory, without altering a
+word. In the Prologue on opening Drury-Lane theatre, he changed but
+one word, and that in compliment to Mr. Garrick. Some of his
+<i>Ramblers</i> were written while the printer's messenger was waiting to
+carry the copy to the press. Many of the <i>Idlers</i> were written at
+Oxford; Dr. Johnson often began his talk only just in time not to miss
+the post, and sent away the paper without reading it over.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f51.1">51</a><a name="f51" id="f51"></a>] See his admirable <i>Lives of the Poets</i>, and particularly his
+Disquisition on metaphysical and religious poetry.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f52.1">52</a><a name="f52" id="f52"></a>] See his Review of Soame Jennings's <i>Essay on the Origin of Evil</i>;
+a masterpiece of composition, both for vigour of style and precision
+of ideas.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f53.1">53</a><a name="f53" id="f53"></a>] Pope's or rather Bolingbroke's system was borrowed from the
+Arabian metaphysicians.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f54.1">54</a><a name="f54" id="f54"></a>] The scheme of the <i>Essay on Man</i> was given by Lord Bolingbroke to
+Pope.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f55.1">55</a><a name="f55" id="f55"></a>] See that sublime and beautiful Tale, <i>The Prince of Abyssinia</i>;
+and <i>The Rambler</i>, No. 65, 204, &amp;c. &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f56.1">56</a><a name="f56" id="f56"></a>] "The world is disposed to call this a discovery of Dr.
+Franklin's, (from his paper inserted in the Philosophical
+Transactions) but in this they are much mistaken. Pliny, Plutarch, and
+other naturalists were acquainted with it."&mdash;"Ea natura est olei, ut
+lucem afferat, ac tranquillar omnia, etiam mare, quo non aliud
+elementum implacabilius."<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 6em;"><i>Memoirs of the Society of Manchester.</i></span></p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f57.1">57</a><a name="f57" id="f57"></a>] <i>London</i>, a Satire, and <i>The Vanity of Human Wishes</i>, are both
+imitations of Juvenal. On the publication of <i>London</i> in 1738, Mr.
+Pope was so much struck by it, that he desired Mr. Dodsley, his
+bookseller, to find out the author. Dodsley having sought him in vain
+for some time, Mr. Pope said, he would very soon be <i>deterr&eacute;</i>.
+Afterwards Mr. Richardson the painter found out Mr. Johnson, and Mr.
+Pope recommended him to Lord Gower.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f58.1">58</a><a name="f58" id="f58"></a>] See the Prologue spoken by Mr. Garrick in 1747, on the opening of
+Drury-Lane theatre.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f59.1">59</a><a name="f59" id="f59"></a>] "Inter <i>ignot&aelig;</i> strepitus <i>loquel&aelig;</i>."&mdash;Ode to Mrs. Thrale.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f60.1">60</a><a name="f60" id="f60"></a>] The dignified and affecting letter written by him to the King in
+the name of Doctor Dodd, after his condemnation, is justly, and, I
+believe, universally admired. His benevolence, indeed, was uniform and
+unbounded.&mdash;&mdash;I have been assured, that he has often been so much
+affected by the sight of several unfortunate women, whom he has seen
+almost perishing in the streets, that he has taken them to his own
+house; had them attended with care and tenderness; and, on their
+recovery, clothed, and placed them in a way of life to earn their
+bread by honest industry.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f61.1">61</a><a name="f61" id="f61"></a>] The papers in the <span class="smcap">Adventurer</span>, signed with the letter T, are
+commonly attributed to one of Dr. Johnson's earliest and most intimate
+friends, Dr. Bathurst; but there is good reason to believe that they
+were written by Dr. Johnson, and given by him to his friend. At that
+time Dr. Johnson was himself engaged in writing the <i>Rambler</i>, and
+could ill afford to make a present of his labours. The various other
+pieces that he gave away, have bestowed fame, and probably fortune, on
+several persons. To the great disgrace of some of his clerical
+friends, forty sermons, which he himself tells us he wrote, have not
+yet been <i>deterr&eacute;</i>.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f62.1">62</a><a name="f62" id="f62"></a>] "A good continued speech (says Bacon in his <span class="smcap">Essays</span>) without a
+good speech of interlocution, shews slowness; and a good reply or
+second speech, without a good settled speech, sheweth shallowness and
+weakness. As we see in beasts, that those that are weakest in the
+course, are yet <i>nimblest in the turn</i>; as it is betwixt the greyhound
+and the hare."&mdash;If this observation be just, Dr. Johnson is an
+exception to the rule; for he was certainly as <i>strong</i> "in the
+course, as nimble in the turn"; as ready in "reply," as in "a settled
+speech."</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f63.1">63</a><a name="f63" id="f63"></a>] The celebrated Flora Macdonald. See Boswell's <i>Tour</i>.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f64.1">64</a><a name="f64" id="f64"></a>] See <ins class="correction" title="Original reads 'Note 4'"><a href="#f24">Note 24</a></ins>.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f65.1">65</a><a name="f65" id="f65"></a>] Dr. Burney's <i>History of Musick</i> is equally distinguished by
+elegance and perspicuity of style, and for scientifick knowledge.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f66.1">66</a><a name="f66" id="f66"></a>] Sir William Jones produced that learned and ingenious work,
+<i>Poeseos Asiatic&aelig; Commentarii</i>, at a very early age.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f67.1">67</a><a name="f67" id="f67"></a>] "The Hindu God, to whom the following poem is addressed, appears
+evidently the same with the Grecian <span class="smcap">Eros</span>, and the Roman <span class="smcap">Cupido</span>.&mdash;&mdash;His
+favourite place of resort is a large tract of country round <span class="smcap">Agra</span>, and
+principally the plains of Matra, where <span class="smcap">Krishen</span> also and the nine
+<span class="smcap">Gopia</span>, who are clearly the Apollo and Muses of the Greeks, usually
+spend the night with musick and dance." Preface to the <span class="smcap">Hymn</span> to <span class="smcap">Camdeo</span>,
+translated from the Hindu language into Persian, and re-translated by
+Sir William Jones.</p>
+
+<p>There can be little doubt, considering the antiquity and early
+civilisation of Hindostan, that both the philosophy and beautiful
+mythology of the Greeks were drawn from that part of Asia.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f68.1">68</a><a name="f68" id="f68"></a>] The following observation in Mr. Boswell's <i>Journal of a Tour to
+the Hebrides</i>, may sufficiently account for that gentleman's being
+"now scarcely esteem'd a Scot" by many of his countrymen; "If he [Dr.
+Johnson] was particularly prejudiced against the Scots it was because
+they were more in his way; because he thought their success in England
+rather exceeded the due proportion of their real merit; and because he
+could not but see in them that nationality which, I believe, no
+liberal-minded Scotchman will deny." Mr. Boswell indeed is so free
+from national prejudices, that he might with equal propriety have been
+described as&mdash;<br />
+<span style="margin-left: 2em;">"Scarce by <i>South</i> Britons now esteem'd a Scot."</span></p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f69.1">69</a><a name="f69" id="f69"></a>] When Dr. Johnson repeated to Mr. Boswell Goldsmith's beautiful
+eulogium on the English nation, his eyes filled with tears.&mdash;Boswell's
+<i>Tour</i>, p. 431.&mdash;See also the Dissertation on the Bravery of the
+English common Soldiers, at the end of the <i>Idler</i>.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f70.1">70</a><a name="f70" id="f70"></a>] See <i>Taxation no Tyranny</i>.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f71.1">71</a><a name="f71" id="f71"></a>] Though Dr. Johnson has called Hamden the <i>zealot of rebellion</i>,
+yet that distinguished patriot could not have expressed himself with
+more ardour in the cause of liberty, than Dr. Johnson does in the
+following passage in his Life of Swift: "In the succeeding reign [that
+of George I.] he delivered Ireland from plunder and <i>oppression</i>; and
+shewed that wit, confederated with <i>truth</i>, had such force as
+authority was unable to resist.&mdash;It was from the time when he first
+began to patronize the Irish, that they may date their riches, and
+prosperity. He taught them first to know their own interest, their
+weight and their strength, and gave them spirit to assert that
+<i>equality</i> with their fellow-subjects to which they have been ever
+since making vigorous advances, and to claim those <i>rights</i> which they
+have at last established."</p>
+
+<p>The truth indeed seems to be, that Dr. Johnson, though he had been
+bred in high-church principles, and always expressed himself in
+controversial argument like a Tory, possessed a high independent
+spirit, and appears to have been a friend to the rights of man. His
+definition of the word <i>Caitiff</i>, in his Dictionary, may throw some
+light on this part of his character. "Caitiff. [<i>cattivo</i>, Ital. a
+slave; whence it came to signify a bad man, with some implication of
+meanness; as <i>knave</i> in English, and <i>fur</i> in Latin; so <i>certainly
+does slavery destroy virtue</i>.</p>
+
+<p><span style="margin-left: 3em;"><ins class="correction" title="Hêmisu tês aretês apoainutai doulion êmar.">'&#919;&#956;&#953;&#963;&#965; &#964;&#8134;&#962; &#945;&#961;&#949;&#964;&#8134;&#962; &#7936;&#960;&#959;&#945;&#953;&#957;&#965;&#964;&#945;&#953; &#948;&#959;&#965;&#955;&#953;&#959;&#957; &#7972;&#956;&#945;&#961;.</ins></span></p>
+
+<p>A slave and a scoundrel are signified by the same words in many
+languages.] A mean villain," &amp;c. See also that animated passage in his
+<i>London</i>, beginning, "Here let those reign," &amp;c.</p>
+
+<p>[<a href="#f72.1">72</a><a name="f72" id="f72"></a>] It is observable that Dr. Johnson did not prefix a dedication to
+any one of his various works.</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h2><span class="smcap">The Augustan Reprint Society</span></h2>
+<h3>WILLIAM ANDREWS CLARK</h3>
+<h3>MEMORIAL LIBRARY</h3>
+<h3>UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES</h3>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h4>PUBLICATIONS IN PRINT</h4>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+
+<h4>1948-1949</h4>
+<div class="ads">
+16. Henry Nevil Payne, <i>The Fatal Jealousie</i> (1673).<br />
+<br />
+18. Anonymous, "Of Genius," in <i>The Occasional Paper</i>, Vol. III, No.
+10 (1719), and Aaron Hill, Preface to <i>The Creation</i> (1720).</div>
+
+<h4>1949-1950</h4>
+<div class="ads">
+19. Susanna Centlivre, <i>The Busie Body</i> (1709).<br />
+<br />
+20. Lewis Theobald, <i>Preface to the Works of Shakespeare</i> (1734).<br />
+<br />
+22. Samuel Johnson, <i>The Vanity of Human Wishes</i> (1749), and two
+<i>Rambler</i> papers (1750).<br />
+<br />
+23. John Dryden, <i>His Majesties Declaration Defended</i> (1681).</div>
+
+<h4>1951-1952</h4>
+<div class="ads">
+31. Thomas Gray, <i>An Elegy Wrote in a Country Churchyard</i> (1751), and
+<i>The Eton College Manuscript</i>.</div>
+
+<h4>1952-1953</h4>
+<div class="ads">
+41. Bernard Mandeville, <i>A Letter to Dion</i> (1732).</div>
+
+<h4>1963-1964</h4>
+<div class="ads">
+104. Thomas D'Urfey, <i>Wonders in the Sun</i>; or, <i>The Kingdom of the
+Birds</i> (1706).</div>
+
+<h4>1964-1965</h4>
+<div class="ads">
+110. John Tutchin, <i>Selected Poems</i> (1685-1700).<br />
+<br />
+111. Anonymous, <i>Political Justice</i> (1736).<br />
+<br />
+112. Robert Dodsley, <i>An Essay on Fable</i> (1764).<br />
+<br />
+113. T. R., <i>An Essay Concerning Critical and Curious Learning</i> (1698).<br />
+<br />
+114. <i>Two Poems Against Pope</i>: Leonard Welsted, <i>One Epistle to Mr. A.
+Pope</i> (1730), and <i>Anonymous, The Blatant Beast</i> (1742).</div>
+
+<h4>1965-1966</h4>
+<div class="ads">
+115. Daniel Defoe and others, <i>Accounts of the Apparition of Mrs. Veal</i>.<br />
+<br />
+116. Charles Macklin, <i>The Covent Garden Theatre</i> (1752).<br />
+<br />
+117. Sir George L'Estrange, <i>Citt and Bumpkin</i> (1680).<br />
+<br />
+118. Henry More, <i>Enthusiasmus Triumphatus</i> (1662).<br />
+<br />
+119. Thomas Traherne, <i>Meditations on the Six Days of the Creation</i> (1717).<br />
+<br />
+120. Bernard Mandeville, <i>Aesop Dress'd or a Collection of Fables</i> (1704).</div>
+
+<h4>1966-1967</h4>
+<div class="ads">
+123. Edmond Malone, <i>Cursory Observations on the Poems Attributed to Mr. Thomas Rowley</i> (1782).<br />
+<br />
+124. Anonymous, <i>The Female Wits</i> (1704).<br />
+<br />
+125. Anonymous, <i>The Scribleriad</i> (1742). Lord Hervey, <i>The Difference Between Verbal and Practical Virtue</i> (1742).<br />
+<br />
+126. <i>Le Lutrin: an Heroick Poem, Written Originally in French by Monsieur Boileau: Made English by N. O.</i> (1682).</div>
+
+<h4>1967-1968</h4>
+<div class="ads">
+127-128. Charles Macklin, <i>A Will and No Will, or a Bone for the
+Lawyers</i> (1746). <i>The New Play <ins class="correction" title="Original reads 'Crticiz'd'">Criticiz'd</ins>, or The Plague
+of Envy</i> (1747). Introduction by Jean B. Kern.<br />
+<br />
+129. Lawrence Echard, Prefaces to <i>Terence's Comedies</i> (1694) and
+<i>Plautus's Comedies</i> (1694). Introduction by John Barnard.<br />
+<br />
+130. Henry More, <i>Democritus Platonissans</i> (1646). Introduction by P. G. Stanwood.<br />
+<br />
+131. John Evelyn, <i>The History of ... Sabatai Sevi ... The Suppos'd
+Messiah of the Jews</i> (1669). Introduction by Christopher W. Grose.<br />
+<br />
+132. Walter Harte, <i>An Essay on Satire, Particularly on the Dunciad</i>
+(1730). Introduction by Thomas B. Gilmore.</div>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>Subsequent publications may be checked in the annual prospectus.</p>
+
+<p>Publications of the first fifteen years of the Society (numbers 1-90)
+are available in paperbound units of six issues at $16.00 per unit,
+from the Kraus Reprint Company, 16 East 46th Street, New York, N.Y.
+10017.</p>
+
+<p>Publications in print are available at the regular membership rate of
+$5.00 yearly. Prices of single issues may be obtained upon request.</p>
+
+<hr style="width: 65%;" />
+<h4>William Andrews Clark Memorial Library: University of California, Los Angeles</h4>
+<h3><span class="smcap">The Augustan Reprint Society</span></h3>
+<h5>2520 CIMARRON STREET, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 90018</h5>
+
+<p><i>General Editors</i>: William E. Conway, William Andrews Clark Memorial
+Library; George Robert Guffey, University of California, Los Angeles;
+Maximillian E. Novak, University of California, Los Angeles</p>
+
+<p><i>Corresponding Secretary</i>: Mrs. Edna C. Davis, William Andrews Clark
+Memorial Library</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>The Society's purpose is to publish rare Restoration and
+eighteenth-century works (usually as facsimile reproductions). All
+income of the Society is devoted to defraying costs of publication and
+mailing.</p>
+
+<p>Correspondence concerning memberships in the United States and Canada
+should be addressed to the Corresponding Secretary at the William
+Andrews Clark Memorial Library, 2520 Cimarron Street, Los Angeles,
+California. Correspondence concerning editorial matters may be
+addressed to the General Editors at the same address. Manuscripts of
+introductions should conform to the recommendations of the MLA <i>Style
+Sheet</i>. The membership fee is $5.00 a year in the United States and
+Canada and &pound;1.16.6 in Great Britain and Europe. British and European
+prospective members should address B. H. Blackwell, Broad Street,
+Oxford, England. Copies of back issues in print may be obtained from
+the Corresponding Secretary.</p>
+
+<p>Publications of the first fifteen years of the Society (numbers 1-90)
+are available in paperbound units of six issues at $16.00 per unit,
+from the Kraus Reprint Company, 16 East 46th Street, New York, N. Y.
+10017.</p>
+
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>Make check or money order payable to <span class="smcap">The Regents of the University of
+California</span></p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<p>&nbsp;</p>
+<h4>REGULAR PUBLICATIONS FOR 1968-1969</h4>
+
+<p>133. John Courtenay, <i>A Poetical Review of the Literary and Moral
+Character of the Late Samuel Johnson</i> (1786). Introduction by Robert
+E. Kelley.</p>
+
+<p>134. John Downes, <i>Roscius Anglicanus</i> (1708). Introduction by John
+Loftis.</p>
+
+<p>135. Sir John Hill, <i>Hypochondriasis, a Practical Treatise on the
+Nature and Cure of that Disorder Call'd the Hyp or Hypo</i> (1766).
+Introduction by G. S. Rousseau.</p>
+
+<p>136. Thomas Sheridan, <i>Discourse ... Being Introductory to His Course
+of Lectures on Elocution and the English Language</i> (1759).
+Introduction by G. P. Mohrman.</p>
+
+<p>137. Arthur Murphy, <i>The Englishman From Paris</i> (1756). Introduction
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+<p>138. [Catherine Trotter], <i>Olinda's Adventures</i> (1718). Introduction
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+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A Poetical Review of the Literary and
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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of A Poetical Review of the Literary and Moral
+Character of the late Samuel Johnson (1786), by John Courtenay
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: A Poetical Review of the Literary and Moral Character of the late Samuel Johnson (1786)
+
+Author: John Courtenay
+
+Editor: Robert E. Kelley
+
+Release Date: July 5, 2009 [EBook #29324]
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SAMUEL JOHNSON ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by Chris Curnow, Stephanie Eason, Joseph Cooper
+and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at
+http://www.pgdp.net
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+  THE AUGUSTAN REPRINT SOCIETY
+
+  John Courtenay
+
+  A
+  POETICAL REVIEW
+  OF THE LITERARY
+  AND MORAL CHARACTER
+  OF THE LATE
+  _SAMUEL JOHNSON_
+
+  (1786)
+
+  _Introduction by_
+  ROBERT E. KELLEY
+
+  PUBLICATION NUMBER 133
+
+  WILLIAM ANDREWS CLARK MEMORIAL LIBRARY
+  UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES
+
+  1969
+
+
+
+
+  GENERAL EDITORS
+  William E. Conway, _William Andrews Clark Memorial Library_
+  George Robert Guffey, _University of California, Los Angeles_
+  Maximillian E. Novak, _University of California, Los Angeles_
+
+
+  ASSOCIATE EDITOR
+  David S. Rodes, _University of California, Los Angeles_
+
+
+  ADVISORY EDITORS
+  Richard C. Boys, _University of Michigan_
+  James L. Clifford, _Columbia University_
+  Ralph Cohen, _University of Virginia_
+  Vinton A. Dearing, _University of California, Los Angeles_
+  Arthur Friedman, _University of Chicago_
+  Louis A. Landa, _Princeton University_
+  Earl Miner, _University of California, Los Angeles_
+  Samuel H. Monk, _University of Minnesota_
+  Everett T. Moore, _University of California, Los Angeles_
+  Lawrence Clark Powell, _William Andrews Clark Memorial Library_
+  James Sutherland, _University College, London_
+  H. T. Swedenberg, Jr., _University of California, Los Angeles_
+  Robert Vosper, _William Andrews Clark Memorial Library_
+
+
+  CORRESPONDING SECRETARY
+  Edna C. Davis, _William Andrews Clark Memorial Library_
+
+
+  EDITORIAL ASSISTANT
+  Mary Kerbret, _William Andrews Clark Memorial Library_
+
+
+
+
+INTRODUCTION
+
+
+The eighteenth century was an age addicted to gossiping about its
+literary figures. This addiction was nowhere better demonstrated than
+by the countless reflections, sermons, poems, pamphlets, biographical
+sketches, and biographies about Samuel Johnson. The most productive
+phase of this activity commenced almost immediately after Johnson's
+death in December, 1784, and continued into the next century.
+
+One item of Johnsoniana which seems to have been neglected, perhaps
+because Birkbeck Hill did not include it in his _Johnsonian
+Miscellanies_, is _A Poetical Review of the Literary and Moral
+Character of the Late Samuel Johnson, L.L.D., with Notes_. This poem
+of three hundred and four lines was written by John Courtenay
+(1741-1816). First published in the spring of 1786 by Charles Dilly,
+the poem went through three editions in the same year. Its popularity
+was determined less by Courtenay's poetic talent than by public
+interest in the Johnsoniana that flooded the market. Courtenay's
+literary output, though scanty, was diverse; he wrote light verse,
+character sketches, and essays, including two controversial pieces in
+support of the French Revolution.[1] It is apparent, however, that for
+him writing was hardly more than an avocation.
+
+Despite his notoriety as a controversial member of Parliament, as a
+first-rate wit, and as an intimate friend of Boswell, Courtenay
+remains a shadowy figure. References to him occur often in the last
+volumes of Boswell's journal, but few of them are particularly
+revealing. Courtenay evidently never met Johnson; indeed, the
+anonymous author of _A Poetical Epistle from the Ghost of Dr. Johnson
+to His Four Friends: The Rev. Mr. Strahan. James Boswell, Esq. Mrs.
+Piozzi. J. Courtenay, Esq. M.P._ (1786) censures Courtenay for writing
+about a man whom he did not know. Although a member of the Literary
+Club, Courtenay did not join this group until four years after Johnson
+died. He was proposed on 9 December 1788, by Sir Joshua Reynolds
+(Boswell seconded), and elected two weeks later, on 23 December,
+during the same meeting at which it was decided to erect a monument to
+Dr. Johnson in Westminster Abbey.[2]
+
+If, then, Courtenay did not belong to the Johnson circle, he became,
+shortly after Johnson's death, a valued member of the Boswell circle.
+Courtenay must have met Boswell in the spring or early summer of 1785,
+about thirteen years after arriving in England from his native Ireland
+in the service of Viscount Townshend. Boswell's first reference to
+Courtenay occurs in his journal under 7 July 1785.[3] It is clear from
+this entry that he had met Courtenay earlier, but subsequent
+references indicate that the acquaintance was a fresh one.
+
+From the start Boswell enjoyed Courtenay's company. In the first
+place, Boswell appreciated Courtenay's talent in conversation.
+Although he seldom recorded specimens of Courtenay's talk, Boswell was
+generous in his praise of his wit. "Courtenay's wit," he wrote,
+"sparkles more than almost any man's."[4] On 26 March 1788, Boswell
+described him as a "valuable addition" to a meeting of the Essex Head
+Club which he attended as Boswell's guest. "Indeed," Boswell
+continued, "his conversation is excellent; it has so much literature,
+wit, and at the same time manly sense, in it."[5] An example of his
+"manly sense" that "struck home" to Boswell was Courtenay's remark
+that had Johnson been born to three thousand pounds a year his
+melancholy would have been at greater leisure to torment him.[6]
+
+But there was a greater reason for Courtenay's intimacy with Boswell.
+The period following Johnson's death was for Boswell a time of intense
+anxiety. By 1786 Courtenay and Edmond Malone had become Boswell's
+closest confidants. Boswell relished the long walks and the dinners he
+took with Courtenay. Throughout his journal he confessed to the
+therapeutic value of Courtenay's company; "I am," he admitted, "quite
+another Man with M. C., Malone, Courtenay."[7]
+
+Moreover, Boswell often solicited Courtenay's advice in various
+crises. Courtenay, together with Malone, helped him out of scrapes
+with Alexander Tytler and Lord Macdonald, induced him to lighten his
+published attacks on Mrs. Piozzi and helped make him aware of the
+merit of her edition of Johnson's correspondence, and advised him to
+cancel some questionable passages in the _Life_ on William Gerard
+Hamilton. From time to time he also cautioned Boswell not to expect
+political preferment when he did not deserve it. It appears, too, that
+he took part in the prolonged deliberations over Johnson's monument in
+Westminster Abbey. Concerned that Boswell's drinking might impede his
+work on the _Life_, Courtenay made him promise to quit drinking from
+December 1790, to the following March, a promise which, as far as he
+was able, Boswell kept.[8]
+
+Courtenay's high spirits and his ability to relieve Boswell's
+melancholy were all the more remarkable because Courtenay, with a wife
+and seven children to support, was poverty-stricken during most of
+this period. Boswell, lamenting the failure of the Whigs to provide
+financial assistance to one of the party's most active members, found
+Courtenay's "firmness of mind ... amazing" under such difficulties.[9]
+No doubt Courtenay's resolve endeared him to Boswell, whose own
+financial and psychological problems were, of course, a great burden.
+
+This is not to say that relations between the two men were always
+cordial. Courtenay was evidently a non-believer, and the two men often
+differed on religious matters. Boswell condemned Courtenay's "wild
+ravings" in favor of the French revolution, and once confessed his
+deep regret about quarreling with so close a friend on this
+subject.[10] They also differed on the question of slavery, and
+Boswell good-naturedly chided Courtenay and William Windham as
+abolitionists in his poem, _No Abolition of Slavery; or the Universal
+Empire of Love_ (1791).[11] It is clear, too, that as Boswell's
+depression grew, Courtenay's power to brighten his spirits waned
+considerably. Their friendship, nevertheless, seems to have ended on a
+happy note, for Boswell's final mention of Courtenay in his journal
+includes the remark that with Courtenay he had spent a "good day."[12]
+
+Courtenay's _Poetical Review_, characterized by Donald A. Stauffer as
+an embodiment of the "vice-and-virtue philosophy" in biography, was
+one of the most spirited pieces of Johnsoniana to appear.[13] The
+poem begins with disdain, but at line sixty-one reverses direction and
+becomes vigorously commendatory. Courtenay did not attempt to add
+fresh information about Johnson's life and career. Consequently, the
+unfavorable portion of the poem is a conventional catalog of Johnson's
+often publicized foibles and prejudices, just as the favorable section
+is in part a commonplace survey of his artistic achievement.
+
+This contrast, as Stauffer remarks, renders Courtenay's praise more
+powerful.[14] More important, the play between scorn and praise
+reflects the ambivalence which colors contemporary accounts of
+Johnson. We are now accustomed to the notion of great art as the
+product of a flawed life. But in the eighteenth century, an age
+largely devoted to the idea of discreet biography which concealed or
+minimized the subject's weaknesses, a man like Johnson presented
+formidable problems to the biographer and his readers. Although
+Courtenay merely versified material which other writers had discussed
+in much more detail, his poem is important because it synthesizes the
+conflicting attitudes towards Johnson which prevailed immediately
+after his death. Courtenay, like many others, saw in Johnson a
+powerful mixture of great virtues and vices; and though he is not
+impartial, he effects, through his honesty, an admirable balance
+between Johnson's strengths and weaknesses. The final forty lines of
+the _Review_ constitute one of the most balanced of all contemporary
+tributes to Johnson as a human being.
+
+For the most part, the commendatory section of the poem is an
+unsystematic tracing of Johnson's moral and literary merits.
+Courtenay's rhapsodizing on the _Dictionary_, the _Rambler_, and the
+_Lives of the Poets_ is conventional. Clearly, he admired the wide
+scope of Johnson's learning and his ability to communicate his
+knowledge of men and manners in his writings. But his admiration
+occasionally betrays him; for instance, in describing the "brilliant
+school" through which Johnson's influence was perpetuated, he
+overestimated the extent to which Reynolds, Malone, Burney, Jones,
+Goldsmith, Steevens, Hawkesworth, and Boswell were indebted to
+Johnson's writings.[15] Usually, however, he was on firmer ground.
+Courtenay was the only writer before Boswell to praise Johnson's Latin
+verse, a body of poetry virtually ignored by other contemporary
+biographers and memorialists.[16] Furthermore, he employs footnotes
+skillfully. Though they impede the progress of the poem, they do
+support poetic statement with factual evidence and explain and amplify
+certain points made in the verses.
+
+The clearest evidence for the care which Courtenay took with the
+_Review_ can be found upon examination of his revisions. He made few
+substantial changes in the second edition, but the third edition
+contains important revisions. Courtenay added ten lines and five
+footnotes in the final version, and lightened some of the scorn in the
+first portion by substituting weaker phrases for stronger ones. He
+also enclosed lines seven through twenty in quotation marks to make it
+appear that the sentiment expressed therein was not his own, but a
+judgment he had heard elsewhere.
+
+But the most significant revisions are concerned with organization. By
+transferring segments of certain verse paragraphs to others, he
+achieves a more unified portrait of Johnson. By means of such
+revision, he forms his general evaluation of Johnson's writing into
+one unit and his comments on individual works into another, where
+before they had been awkwardly interwoven.
+
+Courtenay's _Review_ did not go unnoticed at the time, though for
+obvious reasons it was given less attention by the reviewers than the
+more notorious Johnsoniana. Extracts from the poem were printed in
+several magazines. The reviewers were almost unanimous in damning the
+poem's inelegance, unevenness, and lack of harmony, but reserved
+praise for the sentiments and candor.[17] Chesterfield's apologist in
+William Hayley's _Two Dialogues; Containing a Comparative View of the
+Lives, Characters, and Writings of Philip, the Late Earl of
+Chesterfield, and Dr. Samuel Johnson_ (1787) protested that Courtenay
+was too kind to Johnson. The severest indictment of the Review came
+from the anonymous author of _A Poetical Epistle from the Ghost of Dr.
+Johnson_, mentioned earlier, who charged Courtenay with poor taste and
+with belaboring the obvious by proving that Johnson was "not quite
+destitute of brains."[18]
+
+The greatest champion of the _Review_ was, of course, Boswell. The
+_Life_ is sprinkled with quotations from the third edition, 118 lines
+in all, mostly from Courtenay's commendatory verses. In view of the
+many published attacks on Johnson, Boswell must have appreciated
+Courtenay's sentiments all the more. Doubtless Courtenay's warm praise
+of the _Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides_ also found favor with
+Boswell.[19] Perhaps Boswell's final and least partial judgment of the
+_Review_ was expressed in his letter to James Abercrombie of
+Philadelphia dated 11 June 1792. He sent Abercrombie a copy of the
+poem, commenting that "though I except to several passages, you will
+find some very good writing."[20]
+
+Courtenay's _Review_, together with several other little known
+_memorabilia_ concerning Johnson, stimulated one of the most energetic
+and splenetic literary controversies of the late eighteenth century.
+In addition, the _Review_ and pieces like it aroused a considerable
+amount of useful, if vitriolic, discussion about the art of biography.
+
+
+University of Iowa
+
+
+
+NOTES TO THE INTRODUCTION
+
+[1] See _DNB_.
+
+[2] For the information about Courtenay's election, I am indebted to
+Professor James M. Osborn of Yale University. Boswell gives no precise
+date for Courtenay's entry into the Club. His first reference to
+Courtenay's membership occurs in his journal entry of 19 January 1790.
+See _Private Papers of James Boswell_, ed. Geoffrey Scott and
+Frederick A. Pottle (Privately Printed, 1928-1934), XVIII, 22. See
+also Boswell's letter to Edmond Malone dated 16 December 1790,
+_Letters of James Boswell_, ed. C. B. Tinker (Oxford, 1924), II,
+409-410. Courtenay and other intimates of Boswell were called "The
+Gang" by Philip Metcalfe. See _Private Papers_, XVII, 52, 55; XVIII,
+15.
+
+[3] _Private Papers_, XVI, 106.
+
+[4] _Ibid._, XVII, 80. For additional testimony to Courtenay's
+reputation as a wit, see _Thraliana_, ed. Katharine C. Balderston
+(Oxford, 1951), I, 486, and James Prior, _Life of Edmond Malone_
+(London, 1860), 287-288.
+
+[5] _Private Papers_, XVII, 86.
+
+[6] _Ibid._, pp. 76-77.
+
+[7] _Ibid._, XVI, 178. "M. C." is Mrs. Rudd.
+
+[8] See Boswell's letters to Malone, _Letters_, II, 405, 427, and
+_Private Papers_, XVIII, 100. Courtenay became alarmed over Boswell's
+deepening melancholy, as seen in this passage from his letter to
+Malone of 22 February 1791: "Poor Boswell is very low, & desperate &
+... melancholy mad, feels no spring, no pleasure in existence, & is so
+perceptibly altered for the worse that it is remarked everywhere. I
+try all I can to revivify him, but he [turns?] so tiresomely &
+tediously--for the same cursed trite commonplace topics, about death
+&c.--that we grow old, and when we are old, we are not young--that I
+despair of effecting a cure. Doctors Warren and Devaynes very kindly
+interest themselves about him, but you wd be of more service to him
+than anyone." Quoted from a MS at Yale University Library by James
+Osborn, "Edmond Malone and Dr. Johnson," _Johnson, Boswell and Their
+Circle: Essays Presented to Lawrence Fitzroy Powell in Honour of His
+Eighty-fourth Birthday_ (Oxford, 1965), p. 16.
+
+[9] _Letters_, II, 428, 425. Boswell tried to negotiate loans for
+Courtenay, and made a successful application to Reynolds. See _Private
+Papers_, XVII, 85-86, 101-102; XVIII, 120.
+
+[10] _Private Papers_, XVIII, 171, 178, 184.
+
+[11] See Frank Brady, _Boswell's Political Career_ (New Haven, 1965),
+p. 169, and Frederick A. Pottle, _The Literary Career of James
+Boswell, Esq._ (Oxford, 1929), p. 147.
+
+[12] _Private Papers_, XVIII, 271. This entry is dated 31 March 1794,
+not long before the journal ends and some thirteen months before
+Boswell's death.
+
+[13] _The Art of Biography in Eighteenth Century England_ (Princeton,
+1941), p. 345.
+
+[14] _Ibid._, p. 346.
+
+[15] W. K. Wimsatt, Jr., in _The Prose Style of Samuel Johnson_ (New
+Haven, 1941), pp. 135-138, argues against the notion that Johnson's
+friends formed such a "school."
+
+[16] Boswell praised Courtenay's "just and discriminative eulogy" on
+Johnson's Latin poems, and quoted it. See _Boswell's Life of Johnson_,
+ed. G. B. Hill, revised L. F. Powell (Oxford, 1934-1950), I, 62.
+
+[17] See _European Magazine_, IX (April 1786), 266; _Gentleman's
+Magazine_, LVI (May 1786), 415; _Monthly Review_, LXXV (September
+1786), 229.
+
+[18] It should be noted that the attack on Courtenay in this poem is
+the mildest of the four. The famous caricaturist, Sayer, included
+Courtenay in a poetic attack on Mrs. Piozzi appended to his print,
+_Frontispiece to the 2nd Edition of Johnson's Letters_, published 7
+April 1788. See James L. Clifford, _Hester Lynch Piozzi (Mrs. Thrale)_
+(Oxford, 1952), p. 329.
+
+[19] Boswell quoted Courtenay's compliment in _Life_, II, 268.
+
+[20] _Letters_, II, 444.
+
+
+
+
+BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTE
+
+
+The text of this edition of _A Poetical Review of the Literary and
+Moral Character of the Late Samuel Johnson, L.L.D., with Notes_ is
+reproduced from a copy in the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript
+Library, Yale University.
+
+
+
+
+  A
+  POETICAL REVIEW
+  OF THE
+  LITERARY AND MORAL CHARACTER
+  OF THE LATE
+  _SAMUEL JOHNSON, L.L.D._
+
+  WITH NOTES.
+
+  BY JOHN COURTENAY, ESQ.
+  THE THIRD EDITION, CORRECTED.
+
+  Man is thy theme; his virtue, or his rage,
+  Drawn to the life, in each elaborate page. WALLER.
+
+  ----_immensae veluti connexa carinae
+  Cymba minor._ STATIUS.
+
+
+  LONDON:
+  PRINTED FOR CHARLES DILLY IN THE POULTRY.
+  M DCC LXXXVI.
+
+
+
+
+  A
+  POETICAL REVIEW, &c.
+
+  A Generous tear will Caledonia shed?
+  Her ancient foe, illustrious Johnson's dead;
+  Mac-Ossian's sons may now securely rest,
+  Safe from the bitter sneer, the cynick jest.[21]
+  The song of triumph now I seem to hear,
+  And these the sounds that vibrate on my ear:
+  "Low lies the man, who scarce deigns Gray to praise,
+  But from the tomb calls Blackmore's sleeping lays;
+  A passport grants to Pomfret's dismal chimes,
+  To Yalden's hymns, and Watts's holy rhimes;[22]
+  By subtle doubts would Swift's fair fame invade,
+  And round his brows the ray of glory shade;[23]
+  With poignant taunt mild Shenstone's life arraigns,
+  His taste contemns, and sweetly-flowing strains;
+  At zealous Milton aims his tory dart,
+  But in his Savage finds a moral heart;
+  At great Nassau despiteful rancour flings,[24]
+  But pension'd kneels ev'n to usurping kings:
+  Rich, old and dying, bows his laurel'd head,
+  And almost deigns to ask superfluous bread."[25]
+    A sceptick once, he taught the letter'd throng
+  To doubt the existence of fam'd Ossian's song;
+  Yet by the eye of faith, in reason's spite,
+  Saw ghosts and witches, preach'd up _second sight_:
+  For o'er his soul sad Superstition threw
+  Her gloom, and ting'd his genius with her hue.
+  On popish ground he takes his high church station,
+  To sound mysterious tenets through the nation;[26]
+  On Scotland's kirk he vents a bigot's gall,[27]
+  Though her young chieftains prophecy like SAUL![28]
+  On Tetty's state his frighted fancy runs,[29]
+  And Heaven's appeas'd by cross unbutter'd buns:[30]
+  He sleeps and fasts[31], pens on himself a libel,[32]
+  And still believes, but never reads the Bible.[33]
+  Fame says, at school, of scripture science vain,
+  Bel and the Dragon smote him on the brain;[34]
+  Scar'd with the blow, he shun'd the Jewish law,
+  And eyed the Ark with reverential awe:[35]
+  Let priestly S--h--n in a godly fit
+  The tale relate, in aid of Holy Writ;
+  Though candid Adams, by whom DAVID fell,[36]
+  Who ancient miracles sustain'd so well,
+  To recent wonders may deny his aid,[37]
+  Nor own a buzy zealot of the trade.
+    A coward wish, long stigmatiz'd by fame,
+  Devotes Maecenas to eternal shame;[38]
+  Religious Johnson, future life to gain,
+  Would ev'n submit to everlasting pain:
+  How clear, how strong, such kindred colours paint
+  The Roman epicure and Christian saint!
+  O, had he liv'd in more enlighten'd times,
+  When signs from heaven proclaim'd vile mortals' crimes,
+  How had he groan'd, with sacred horrors pale,
+  When Noah's comet shook her angry tail[39];
+  That wicked comet, which Will Whiston swore
+  Would burn the earth that she had drown'd before![40]
+  Or when Moll Tosts, by throes parturient vext,
+  Saw her young rabbets peep from Esdras' text![41]
+  To him such signs, prepar'd by mystick grace,
+  Had shewn the impending doom of Adam's race.
+    But who to blaze his frailties feels delight,
+  When the great author rises to our sight?
+  When the pure tenour of his life we view,
+  Himself the bright exemplar that he drew?
+  Whose works console the good, instruct the wise,
+  And teach the soul to claim her kindred skies.
+    By grateful bards his name be ever sung,
+  Whose sterling touch has fix'd the English tongue!
+  Fortune's dire weight, the patron's cold disdain,
+  "Shook off, as dew-drops from the lion's mane;"[42]
+  Unknown, unaided, in a friendless state,[43]
+  Without one smile of favour from the great;
+  The bulky tome his curious care refines,
+  Till the great work in full perfection shines;
+  His wide research and patient skill displays
+  What scarce was sketch'd in ANNA's golden days;[44]
+  What only learning's aggregated toil
+  Slowly accomplish'd in each foreign soil.[45]
+  Yet to the mine though the rich coin he trace,
+  No current marks his early essays grace;
+  For in each page we find a massy store
+  Of English bullion mix'd with Latian ore:
+  In solemn pomp, with pedantry combin'd,
+  He vents the morbid sadness of his mind;[46]
+  In scientifick phrase affects to smile,
+  Form'd on Brown's turgid Latin-English style:[47]
+  Too oft the abstract decorates his prose,[48]
+  While measur'd ternaries the periods close:
+  But all propriety his Ramblers mock,
+  When Betty prates from Newton and from Locke;
+  When no diversity we trace between
+  The lofty moralist and gay fifteen--[49]
+  Yet genius still breaks through the encumbering phrase;
+  His taste we censure, but the work we praise:
+  There learning beams with fancy's brilliant dyes,
+  Vivid as lights that gild the northern skies;
+  Man's complex heart he bares to open day,
+  Clear as the prism unfolds the blended ray:
+  The picture from his mind assumes its hue;
+  The shades too dark, but the design still true.
+  Though Johnson's merits thus I freely scan,
+  And paint the foibles of this wond'rous man;
+  Yet can I coolly read, and not admire,
+  When Learning, Wit and Poetry conspire
+  To shed a radiance o'er his moral page,
+  And spread truth's sacred light to many an age?
+  For all his works with innate lustre shine,
+  Strength all his own, and energy divine.
+    While through life's maze he sent a piercing view,
+  His mind expansive to the object grew.
+  With various stores of erudition fraught,
+  The lively image, the deep-searching thought,
+  Slept in repose;--but when the moment press'd,
+  The bright ideas flood at once confess'd;[50]
+  Instant his genius sped its vigorous rays,
+  And o'er the letter'd world diffus'd a blaze:
+  As womb'd with fire the cloud electrick flies,
+  And calmly o'er the horizon seems to rise;
+  Touch'd by the pointed steel, the lightning flows,
+  And all the expanse with rich effulgence glows.
+    In judgment keen, he acts the critick's part,
+  By reason proves the feelings of the heart;
+  In thought profound, in nature's study wise,
+  Shews from what source our fine sensations rise;
+  With truth, precision, fancy's claims defines,
+  And throws new splendour o'er the poet's lines.[51]
+    When specious sophists with presumption scan
+  The source of evil, hidden still from man;[52]
+  Revive Arabian tales[53], and vainly hope
+  To rival St. John, and his scholar, Pope;[54]
+  Though metaphysicks spread the gloom of night,
+  By reason's star he guides our aching sight;
+  The bounds of knowledge marks; and points the way
+  To pathless wastes, where wilder'd sages stray;
+  Where, like a farthing linkboy, Jennings stands,
+  And the dim torch drops from his feeble hands.
+    Impressive truth, in splendid fiction drest,[55]
+  Checks the vain wish, and calms the troubled breast;
+  O'er the dark mind a light celestial throws,
+  And sooths the angry passions to repose;
+  As oil effus'd illumes and smooths the deep,[56]
+  When round the bark the foaming surges sweep.--
+    But hark, he sings! the strain ev'n Pope admires;
+  Indignant Virtue her own bard inspires;
+  Sublime as Juvenal, he pours his lays,[57]
+  And with the Roman shares congenial praise:--
+  In glowing numbers now he fires the age,
+  And Shakspeare's sun relumes the clouded stage.[58]
+    So full his mind with images was fraught,
+  The rapid strains scarce claim'd a second thought;
+  And with like ease his vivid lines assume
+  The garb and dignity of ancient Rome.--
+  Let college _versemen_ trite conceits express,
+  Trick'd out in splendid shreds of Virgil's dress;
+  From playful Ovid cull the tinsel phrase,
+  And vapid notions hitch in pilfer'd lays;
+  Then with mosaick art the piece combine,
+  And boast the glitter of each dulcet line:
+  Johnson adventur'd boldly to transfuse
+  His vigorous sense into the Latian muse;
+  Aspir'd to shine by unreflected light,
+  And with a Roman's ardour _think_ and write.
+  He felt the tuneful Nine his breast inspire,
+  And, like a master, wak'd the[59] soothing lyre:
+  Horatian strains a grateful heart proclaim,
+  While Sky's wild rocks resound his Thralia's name.--
+  Hesperia's plant, in some less skillful hands,
+  To bloom a while, factitious heat demands;
+  Though glowing Maro a faint warmth supplies,
+  The sickly blossom in the hot-house dies:
+  By Johnson's genial culture, art, and toil,
+  Its root strikes deep, and owns the fost'ring soil;
+  Imbibes our sun through all its swelling veins,
+  And grows a native of Britannia's plains.
+    Soft-ey'd compassion, with a look benign
+  His fervent vows he offer'd at thy shrine;
+  To guilt, to woe, the sacred debt was paid,[60]
+  And helpless females bless'd his pious aid:
+  Snatch'd from disease, and want's abandon'd crew,
+  Despair and anguish from their victims flew;
+  Hope's soothing balm into their bosoms stole,
+  And tears of penitence restor'd the soul.
+  Nor did philanthrophy alone expand
+  His liberal heart, and ope his bounteous hand;
+  His _talents_ ev'n he gave to friendship's claim,[61]
+  And by the gift imparted wealth and fame:
+  His mind exhaustless sped its vivid force,
+  Yet with unbated vigour held its course;
+  As some fix'd star fulfills heaven's great designs,
+  Lights other spheres, yet undiminish'd shines.
+    How few distinguish'd of the studious train
+  At the gay board their empire can maintain!
+  In their own books intomb'd their wisdom lies;
+  Too dull for talk, their slow conceptions rise:
+  Yet the mute author, of his writings proud,
+  For wit unshewn claims homage from the crowd;
+  As thread-bare misers, by mean avarice school'd,
+  Expect obeisance from their hidden gold.--
+  In converse quick, impetuous Johnson press'd
+  His weighty logick, or sarcastick jest:
+  Strong in the chace, and nimble in the turns,[62]
+  For victory still his fervid spirit burns;
+  Subtle when wrong, invincible when right,
+  Arm'd at all points, and glorying in his might,
+  Gladiator-like, he traverses the field,
+  And strength and skill compel the foe to yield.--
+  Yet have I seen him, with a milder air,
+  Encircled by the witty and the fair,
+  Ev'n in old age with placid mien rejoice
+  At beauty's smile, and beauty's flattering voice.--
+  With Reynolds' pencil, vivid, bold, and true,
+  So fervent Boswell gives him to our view.
+  In every trait we see his mind expand;
+  The master rises by the pupil's hand;
+  We love the writer, praise his happy vein,
+  Grac'd with the naivete of the sage Montaigne.
+  Hence not alone are brighter parts display'd,
+  But ev'n the specks of character portray'd:
+  We _see_ the Rambler with fastidious smile
+  Mark the lone tree, and note the heath-clad isle;
+  But when the heroick tale of Flora charms,[63]
+  Deck'd in a kilt, he wields a chieftain's arms:
+  The tuneful piper sounds a martial strain,
+  And Samuel sings, "The King shall have his ain":
+  Two Georges in his loyal zeal are slur'd,[64]
+  A gracious pension only saves the third!--
+    By Nature's gifts ordain'd mankind to rule,
+  He, like a Titian, form'd his brilliant school;
+  And taught congenial spirits to excel,
+  While from his lips impressive wisdom fell.
+  Our boasted GOLDSMITH felt the sovereign sway;
+  From him deriv'd the sweet yet nervous lay.
+  To Fame's proud cliff he bade our Raphael rise;
+  Hence REYNOLDS' pen with REYNOLDS' pencil vyes.
+  With Johnson's flame melodious BURNEY glows,[65]
+  While the grand strain in smoother cadence flows.
+  And you, MALONE, to critick learning dear,
+  Correct and elegant, refin'd, though clear,
+  By studying him, acquir'd that classick taste,
+  Which high in Shakspeare's fane thy statue plac'd.
+  Near Johnson STEEVENS stands, on scenick ground,
+  Acute, laborious, fertile, and profound.
+  Ingenious HAWKESWORTH to this school we owe,
+  And scarce the pupil from the tutor know.
+  Here early parts accomplish'd JONES[66] sublimes,
+  And science blends with Asia's lofty rhimes:
+  Harmonious JONES! who in his splendid strains
+  Sings Camdeo's sports, on Agra's flowery plains;
+  In Hindu fictions while we fondly trace
+  Love and the Muses, deck'd with Attick grace.[67]
+  Amid these names can BOSWELL be forgot,
+  Scarce by North Britons now esteem'd a Scot?[68]
+  Who to the sage devoted from his youth,
+  Imbib'd from him the sacred love of truth;
+  The keen research, the exercise of mind,
+  And that best art, the art to know mankind.--
+  Nor was his energy confin'd alone
+  To friends around his philosophick throne;
+  Its influence wide improv'd our letter'd isle,
+  And lucid vigour mark'd the general style:
+  As Nile's proud waves, swol'n from their oozy bed,
+  First o'er the neighbouring meads majestick spread;
+  Till gathering force, they more and more expand,
+  And with new virtue fertilise the land.
+    Thus sings the Muse, to Johnson's memory just,
+  And scatters praise and censure o'er his dust;
+  For through each checker'd scene a contrast ran,
+  Too sad a proof, how great, how weak is man!
+  Though o'er his passions conscience held the rein,
+  He shook at dismal phantoms of the brain:
+  A boundless faith that noble mind debas'd,
+  By piercing wit, energick reason grac'd:
+  A generous Briton,[69] yet he seems to hope
+  For James's grandson, and for James's Pope:
+  With courtly zeal fair freedom's sons defames,[70]
+  Yet, like a Hamden, pleads Ierne's claims.[71]
+  Though proudly splenetick, yet idly vain,
+  Accepted flattery, and dealt disdain.--
+  E'en shades like these, to brilliancy ally'd,
+  May comfort fools, and curb the Sage's pride.
+    Yet Learning's sons, who o'er his foibles mourn,
+  To latest time shall fondly view his urn;
+  And wond'ring praise, to human frailties blind,
+  Talents and virtue of the brightest kind;
+  Revere the man, with various knowledge stor'd,
+  Who science, arts, and life's whole scheme explor'd;
+    Who firmly scorn'd, when in a lowly state,
+  To flatter vice, or court the vain and great;[72]
+  Whose heart still felt a sympathetick glow,
+  Prompt to relieve man's variegated woe;
+  Whose ardent hope, intensely fix'd on high,
+  Saw future bliss with intellectual eye.
+  Still in his breast Religion held her sway,
+  Disclosing visions of celestial day;
+  And gave his soul, amidst this world of strife,
+  The blest reversion of eternal life:
+  By this dispell'd, each doubt and horrour flies,
+  And calm at length in holy peace he dies.
+    The sculptur'd trophy, and imperial bust,
+  That proudly rise around his hallow'd dust,
+  Shall mould'ring fall, by Time's slow hand decay'd,
+  But the bright meed of virtue ne'er shall fade.
+  Exulting Genius stamps his sacred name,
+  Enroll'd for ever in the dome of Fame.
+
+THE END.
+
+
+
+Footnotes:
+
+[21] "A Scotchman must be a sturdy moralist, who does not prefer
+Scotland to truth." Johnson's _Journey to the Western Isles of
+Scotland_.
+
+[22] "The Poems of Dr. Watts were by my recommendation inserted in
+this collection; the readers of which are to impute to me whatever
+pleasure or weariness they may find in the perusal of Blackmore,
+Watts, Pomfret and Yalden." Johnson's _Life of Watts_.
+
+The following specimen of their productions may be sufficient to
+enable the reader to judge of their respective merits:
+
+  "Alas, Jerusalem! alas! where's now
+    Thy pristine glory, thy unmatch'd renown,
+  To which the heathen monarchies did bow?
+    Ah, hapless, miserable town!"
+
+          Eleazar's _Lamentation over Jerusalem, paraphrased by_ Pomfret.
+
+  "Before the Almighty Artist fram'd the sky,
+  Or gave the earth its harmony,
+  His first command was for thy light;
+  He view'd the lovely birth, and blessed it:
+  _In purple swaddling bands it struggling lay_,
+  Old Chaos then a chearful smile put on,
+  And from thy beauteous form did first presage its own."
+
+          Yalden's _Hymn to Light_.
+
+
+  "My chearful soul now all the day
+    Sits waiting here and sings;
+  Looks through the ruins of her clay,
+    And practises her wings.
+  O, rather let this flesh decay,
+    The ruins wider grow!
+  Till glad to see the enlarged way,
+    I stretch my pinions through."
+
+          _A Sight of Heaven in Sickness, by_ Isaac Watts.
+
+[23] "He seemed to me to have an unaccountable prejudice against
+Swift.--He said to-day,--I doubt if the _Tale of a Tub_ was his; it
+has so much more thinking, more knowledge, more power, more colour,
+than any of the works that are indisputably his. If it was his, I
+shall only say, he was _impar sibi_." Boswell's _Tour to the
+Hebrides_, p. 38.
+
+Doctor Johnson's "unaccountable prejudice against Swift" may probably
+be derived from the same source as Blackmore's, if we may venture to
+form a judgement from the panegyrick he bestows on the following
+groundless invective, expressly aimed at Swift as the author of _A
+Tale of a Tub_, which he quotes in his life of Blackmore: "Several, in
+their books, have many sarcastical and spiteful strokes at religion in
+general; while others make themselves pleasant with the principles of
+the Christian. Of the last kind, this age has seen a most audacious
+example, in the book intituled "_A Tale of a Tub_." Had this writing
+been published in a pagan or _popish_ nation, who are _justly_
+impatient of all indignity offered to the established religion of
+their country, no doubt but the author would have received the
+punishment he deserved.--But the fate of this impious buffoon is very
+different; for in a protestant kingdom, zealous of their civil and
+religious immunities, he has not only escaped affronts and the effects
+of publick resentment, but has been caressed and patronised by persons
+of great figure of all denominations."
+
+The malevolent dullness of bigotry alone could have inspired Blackmore
+with these sentiments. The fact is, that the _Tale of a Tub_ is a
+continued panegyrick on the Church of England, and a bitter satire on
+Popery, Calvinism, and every sect of dissenters. At the same time I am
+persuaded, that every reader of taste and discernment will perceive in
+many parts of Swift's other writings strong internal proofs of that
+style which characterises the _Tale of a Tub_; especially in the
+_Publick Spirit of the Whigs_. It is well known, that he affected
+simplicity, and studiously avoided any display of learning, except
+where the subject made it absolutely necessary. Temporary, local, and
+political topicks compose too great a part of his works; but in a
+treatise that admitted "more thinking, more knowledge," &c. he
+naturally exerted all his powers.--Let us hear the author himself on
+this point.
+
+"The greatest part of that book was finished above thirteen years
+since, (1696) which is eight years before it was published. The author
+was then young, his invention at the height, and his reading fresh in
+his head." And again: "Men should be more cautious in losing their
+time, if they did but consider, that to answer a book effectually
+requireth more pains and skill, more wit, learning and judgement, than
+were employed in writing it.--And the author assureth those gentlemen,
+who have given themselves that trouble with him, that his discourse is
+the product of the study, the observation, and the invention of
+_several years_; that he often blotted out more than he left; and if
+his papers had not been a long time out of his possession, they must
+still have undergone more severe corrections." _An Apology for the
+Tale of a Tub._--With respect to this work being the production of
+Swift, see his letter to the printer, Mr. Benjamin Tooke, dated
+Dublin, June 29, 1710, and Tooke's Answer on the publication of _the
+Apology_ and a new edition of the _Tale of a Tub_. Hawkesworth's
+edition of Swift's Works, 8vo. vol. xvi. p. 145.
+
+Doctor Hawkesworth mentions, in his preface, that the edition of _A
+Tale of a Tub_, printed in 1710, was revised and corrected by the Dean
+a short time before his understanding was impaired, and that the
+corrected copy was, in the year 1760, in the hands of his kinsman, Mr.
+Deane Swift.
+
+[24] _Johnson._ "I would tell truth of the two Georges, or of that
+_scoundrel_, King William." Boswell's _Tour to the Hebrides_, p. 312.
+
+[25] See his letter to Lord Thurlow, in which he seems to approve of
+the application (though he was not previously consulted), thanks his
+Lordship for having made it, and even expresses some degree of
+surprize and resentment on the proposed addition to his pension being
+refused.
+
+[26] "If (added Dr. Johnson) GOD had never spoken figuratively, we
+might hold that he speaks literally, when he says, "This is my body."
+Boswell's _Tour_, p. 67.--Here his only objection to transubstantiation
+seems to rest on the style of the Scripture being figurative elsewhere
+as well as in this passage. Hence we may infer, that he would
+otherwise have believed in it.--But Archbishop Tillotson and Mr. Locke
+reason more philosophically, by asserting that "no doctrine, however
+clearly expressed in Scripture, is to be admitted, if it contradict
+the evidence of our senses:--For our evidence for the truth of
+revealed religion is _less_ than the evidence for the truth of our
+senses, because, _even_ in the first authors of our religion, it was
+no greater; and it is evident it must diminish in passing from them to
+us, through the medium of human testimony."--This question, however,
+may perhaps be better elucidated by the following Anecdote, preserved
+by Mr. Richardson, than by a more serious discussion:
+
+"Mr. Pope, who loved to talk of Titcum, (one who used to be of the
+party with him, Gay, Swift, Craggs, and Addison, and that set, in his
+youth,) told us, that Gay went to see him as he was dying, and asked
+him, if he would have a priest; (for he was a papist,) 'No, said he,
+what should I do with them? But I would rather have one of them, than
+one of yours, of the two. Our fools, (continued he) write great books
+to prove that _bread_ is _God_; but your booby (he meant Tillotson)
+has wrote a long argument to prove that _bread_ is _bread_.'"
+_Richardsoniana_, p. 167.
+
+[27] See his conversation with Lord Auchinleck. Boswell's _Tour_.
+
+[28] See the First Book of Samuel, ch. x.
+
+[29] "And I commend to thy fatherly goodness the soul of my departed
+wife, beseeching thee to grant her whatever is best in her present state."
+            Johnson's _Meditations_.
+
+[30] "I returned home, but could not settle my mind. At last I read a
+chapter. Then went down about six or seven, and eat two _cross-buns_."
+            _Meditations_, p. 154.
+
+[31] "I fasted, though less rigorously than at other times. I by
+negligence poured some milk into my tea. _Ibid._ p. 146.--Yesterday, I
+fasted, as I have always, or commonly done, since the death of Tetty;
+the fast was more painful than usual."
+
+[32]
+       "PURPOSES.
+  To keep a journal. To begin this day. (Sept. 18th, 1766.)
+  To spend four hours in study every day, and as much more as I can.
+  To read a portion of Scripture in Greek every Sunday.
+  To rise at eight.--Oct. 3d. Of all this I have done nothing." _Ibid._
+
+[33] "I resolved last Easter to read, within the year, the whole
+Bible; a great part of which I had never looked upon." _Meditations._
+
+[34] "I have never yet read the Apocrypha. When I was a boy I have
+read or heard Bel and the Dragon." _Meditations._
+
+[35] See the First Book of Samuel, ch. v. and vi. in which an account
+is given of the punishment of the Philistines for looking into the
+ark.
+
+[36] The Rev. Dr. Adams of Oxford, distinguished for his answer to
+David Hume's _Essay on Miracles_.
+
+[37] From the following letter there is reason to apprehend that Dr.
+Adams would not support Mr. S----n, if he should add this to the other
+singular anecdotes that he has published relative to Dr. Johnson.
+
+Mr. Urban,                                     Oxford, Oct. 22d, 1785.
+
+In your last month's Review of books, you have asserted, that the
+publication of Dr. Johnson's _Prayers_ and _Meditations_ appears to
+have been at the instance of Dr. Adams, Master of Pembroke College,
+Oxford. This, I think, is more than you are warranted by the editor's
+preface to say; and is so far from being true, that Dr. Adams never
+saw a line of these compositions, before they appeared in print, nor
+ever heard from Dr. Johnson, or the editor, that any such existed. Had
+he been consulted about the publication, he would certainly have given
+his voice against it: and he therefore hopes, that you will clear him,
+in as publick a manner as you can, from being any way accessary to it.
+      Wm. Adams.
+
+[38]
+  "Debilem facite manu,
+  Debilem pede, coxa;
+  Tuber adstrue gibberum;
+  Lubricos quate dentes;
+  Vita dum superest, bene est:
+  Hanc mihi, vel acuta
+  Si sedeam cruce, sustine." SENEC. EPIST. 101.
+
+  Let me but live, the fam'd Maecenas cries,
+  Lame of both hands, and lame in feet and thighs;
+  Hump-back'd, and toothless;--all convuls'd with pain,
+  Ev'n on the cross,--so precious life remain.
+
+Dr. Johnson, in his last illness, is said to have declared (in the
+presence of Doctors H. and B.) that he would prefer a state of
+existence in eternal pain to annihilation.
+
+[39] "This last comet (which appeared in the year 1680) I may well
+call the most remarkable one that ever appeared; since, besides the
+former consideration, I shall presently shew, that it is no other than
+that very comet, which came by the earth at the time of Noah's deluge,
+and _which was the cause of the same_." Whiston's _Theory of the
+Earth_, p. 188.
+
+[40] "Since 575 years appear to be the period of the comet that caused
+the deluge, what a learned friend who was the occasion of my
+examination of this matter, suggests, will deserve to be considered;
+viz. Whether the story of the phoenix, that celebrated emblem of the
+resurrection in Christian antiquity, (that it returns once after five
+centuries, and goes to the altar and city of the sun, and is there
+burnt; and another arises out of its ashes, and carries away the
+remains of the former; &c.) be not an allegorical representation of
+this comet, which returns once after five centuries, and goes down to
+the sun, and is there vehemently heated, and its outward regions
+dissolved; yet that it flies off again, and carries away what remains
+after that terrible burning; &c. and whether the _conflagration_ and
+renovation of things, which some such comet may bring on the earth, be
+not hereby prefigured, I will not here be positive: but I own, that I
+do not know of any solution of this famous piece of mythology and
+hieroglyphics, as this seems to be, that can be compared with it."
+_Ibid._ p. 196.
+
+[41] "'Tis here foretold [by Esdras] that there should be _signs in
+the woman_; and before all others this prediction has been verified in
+the famous _rabbet-woman of Surrey_, in the days of King George
+I.--This story has been so unjustly laughed out of countenance, that I
+must distinctly give my reasons for believing it to be true, and
+alleging it here as the fulfilling of this ancient prophecy before
+us.--1st. The man-midwife, Mr. Howard of Godalmin in Surrey, a person
+of very great honesty, skill and reputation in his profession,
+attested it.--It was believed by King George to be real; and it was
+also believed by my old friends the Speaker and Mr. Samuel Collet, as
+they told me themselves, and was generally by sober persons in the
+neighbourhood. Nay Mr. Molyneux, the Prince's Secretary, a very
+inquisitive person, and my very worthy friend, assured me he had at
+first so great a diffidence in the truth of the fact, and was so
+little biassed by the other believers, even by the King himself, that
+he would not be satisfied till he was permitted both to see and feel
+the rabbet, _in that very passage, whence we all come into this
+world_."
+          Whiston's _Memoirs_, vol. ii. p. 110.
+
+[42] "The incumbrances of fortune were shaken from his mind as
+_dew-drops from the lion's mane_." Johnson's _Preface to his edition
+of Shakespeare_.
+
+[43] Every reader of sensibility must be strongly affected by the
+following pathetick passages:--"Much of my life has been lost under
+the pressures of disease; much has been trifled away; and much has
+always been spent in provision for the day that was passing over me;
+but I shall not think my employment useless or ignoble, if by my
+assistance foreign nations and distant ages gain access to the
+propagators of knowledge, and understand the teachers of truth; if my
+labours afford light to the repositories of science, and add celebrity
+to Bacon, to Hooker, to Milton, and to Boyle."
+
+"In this work, when it shall be found that much is omitted, let it not
+be forgotten that much likewise is performed; and though no book was
+ever spared out of tenderness to the authour, and the world is little
+solicitous to know whence proceeded the faults of that which it
+condemns, yet it may gratify curiosity to inform it, that the ENGLISH
+DICTIONARY was written with _little assistance of the learned, and
+without any patronage of the great; not in the soft obscurities of
+retirement, or under the shelter of academick bowers, but amidst
+inconvenience and distraction, in sickness and in sorrow_." Preface to
+Dr. Johnson's Dictionary.
+
+[44] See Swift's letter to Lord Oxford for the institution of an
+academy to improve and fix the English language.
+
+[45] The great French and Italian Dictionaries were not the
+productions of an individual, but were compiled by a body of
+Academicians in each country.
+
+[46] "In times and regions so disjoined from each other, that there
+can scarcely be imagined any communication of sentiments, either by
+commerce or tradition, has prevailed a general and uniform expectation
+of propitiating GOD by corporal austerities, of anticipating his
+vengeance by voluntary inflictions, and appeasing his justice by a
+speedy and cheerful submission to a less penalty when a greater is
+incurred."
+          _Rambler_, No. 110.
+
+[47] The style of the _Ramblers_ seem to have been formed on that of
+Sir Thomas Brown's _Vulgar Errors_ and _Christian Morals_.
+
+"But ice is water congealed by the frigidity of the air, whereby it
+acquireth no new form, but rather a consistence or determination of
+its defluency, and amitteth not its essence, but condition of
+fluidity. Neither doth there any thing properly conglaciate but water,
+or watery humidity, for the determination of quicksilver is properly
+fixation, that of milk coagulation, and that of oil and unctuous
+bodies only incrassation."--Is this written by Brown or Johnson?
+
+[48] In the _Ramblers_ the abstract too often occurs instead of the
+concrete;--one of Dr. Johnson's peculiarities.
+
+[49] See Victoria's Letter, RAMBLER, No. 130.--"I was never permitted
+to sleep till I had passed through the cosmetick discipline, part of
+which was a regular lustration performed with bean-flower water and
+may-dews; my hair was perfumed with a variety of unguents, by some of
+which it was to be thickened, and by others to be curled. The softness
+of my hands was secured by medicated gloves, and my bosom rubbed with
+a pomade prepared by my mother, of virtue to discuss pimples, and
+clear discolorations."
+
+[50] Dr. Johnson's extraordinary facility of composition is well known
+from many circumstances. He wrote forty pages of the Life of Savage in
+one night. He composed seventy lines of his Imitation of the Tenth
+Satire of Juvenal, and wrote them down from memory, without altering a
+word. In the Prologue on opening Drury-Lane theatre, he changed but
+one word, and that in compliment to Mr. Garrick. Some of his
+_Ramblers_ were written while the printer's messenger was waiting to
+carry the copy to the press. Many of the _Idlers_ were written at
+Oxford; Dr. Johnson often began his talk only just in time not to miss
+the post, and sent away the paper without reading it over.
+
+[51] See his admirable _Lives of the Poets_, and particularly his
+Disquisition on metaphysical and religious poetry.
+
+[52] See his Review of Soame Jennings's _Essay on the Origin of Evil_;
+a masterpiece of composition, both for vigour of style and precision
+of ideas.
+
+[53] Pope's or rather Bolingbroke's system was borrowed from the
+Arabian metaphysicians.
+
+[54] The scheme of the _Essay on Man_ was given by Lord Bolingbroke to
+Pope.
+
+[55] See that sublime and beautiful Tale, _The Prince of Abyssinia_;
+and _The Rambler_, No. 65, 204, &c. &c.
+
+[56] "The world is disposed to call this a discovery of Dr.
+Franklin's, (from his paper inserted in the Philosophical
+Transactions) but in this they are much mistaken. Pliny, Plutarch, and
+other naturalists were acquainted with it."--"Ea natura est olei, ut
+lucem afferat, ac tranquillar omnia, etiam mare, quo non aliud
+elementum implacabilius."
+          _Memoirs of the Society of Manchester._
+
+[57] _London_, a Satire, and _The Vanity of Human Wishes_, are both
+imitations of Juvenal. On the publication of _London_ in 1738, Mr.
+Pope was so much struck by it, that he desired Mr. Dodsley, his
+bookseller, to find out the author. Dodsley having sought him in vain
+for some time, Mr. Pope said, he would very soon be _deterre_.
+Afterwards Mr. Richardson the painter found out Mr. Johnson, and Mr.
+Pope recommended him to Lord Gower.
+
+[58] See the Prologue spoken by Mr. Garrick in 1747, on the opening of
+Drury-Lane theatre.
+
+[59] "Inter _ignotae_ strepitus _loquelae_."--Ode to Mrs. Thrale.
+
+[60] The dignified and affecting letter written by him to the King in
+the name of Doctor Dodd, after his condemnation, is justly, and, I
+believe, universally admired. His benevolence, indeed, was uniform and
+unbounded.----I have been assured, that he has often been so much
+affected by the sight of several unfortunate women, whom he has seen
+almost perishing in the streets, that he has taken them to his own
+house; had them attended with care and tenderness; and, on their
+recovery, clothed, and placed them in a way of life to earn their
+bread by honest industry.
+
+[61] The papers in the ADVENTURER, signed with the letter T, are
+commonly attributed to one of Dr. Johnson's earliest and most intimate
+friends, Dr. Bathurst; but there is good reason to believe that they
+were written by Dr. Johnson, and given by him to his friend. At that
+time Dr. Johnson was himself engaged in writing the _Rambler_, and
+could ill afford to make a present of his labours. The various other
+pieces that he gave away, have bestowed fame, and probably fortune, on
+several persons. To the great disgrace of some of his clerical
+friends, forty sermons, which he himself tells us he wrote, have not
+yet been _deterre_.
+
+[62] "A good continued speech (says Bacon in his ESSAYS) without a
+good speech of interlocution, shews slowness; and a good reply or
+second speech, without a good settled speech, sheweth shallowness and
+weakness. As we see in beasts, that those that are weakest in the
+course, are yet _nimblest in the turn_; as it is betwixt the greyhound
+and the hare."--If this observation be just, Dr. Johnson is an
+exception to the rule; for he was certainly as _strong_ "in the
+course, as nimble in the turn"; as ready in "reply," as in "a settled
+speech."
+
+[63] The celebrated Flora Macdonald. See Boswell's _Tour_.
+
+[64] See Note 4.
+
+[65] Dr. Burney's _History of Musick_ is equally distinguished by
+elegance and perspicuity of style, and for scientifick knowledge.
+
+[66] Sir William Jones produced that learned and ingenious work,
+_Poeseos Asiaticae Commentarii_, at a very early age.
+
+[67] "The Hindu God, to whom the following poem is addressed, appears
+evidently the same with the Grecian EROS, and the Roman CUPIDO.----His
+favourite place of resort is a large tract of country round AGRA, and
+principally the plains of Matra, where KRISHEN also and the nine
+GOPIA, who are clearly the Apollo and Muses of the Greeks, usually
+spend the night with musick and dance." Preface to the HYMN to CAMDEO,
+translated from the Hindu language into Persian, and re-translated by
+Sir William Jones.
+
+There can be little doubt, considering the antiquity and early
+civilisation of Hindostan, that both the philosophy and beautiful
+mythology of the Greeks were drawn from that part of Asia.
+
+[68] The following observation in Mr. Boswell's _Journal of a Tour to
+the Hebrides_, may sufficiently account for that gentleman's being
+"now scarcely esteem'd a Scot" by many of his countrymen; "If he [Dr.
+Johnson] was particularly prejudiced against the Scots it was because
+they were more in his way; because he thought their success in England
+rather exceeded the due proportion of their real merit; and because he
+could not but see in them that nationality which, I believe, no
+liberal-minded Scotchman will deny." Mr. Boswell indeed is so free
+from national prejudices, that he might with equal propriety have been
+described as--
+
+  "Scarce by _South_ Britons now esteem'd a Scot."
+
+[69] When Dr. Johnson repeated to Mr. Boswell Goldsmith's beautiful
+eulogium on the English nation, his eyes filled with tears.--Boswell's
+_Tour_, p. 431.--See also the Dissertation on the Bravery of the
+English common Soldiers, at the end of the _Idler_.
+
+[70] See _Taxation no Tyranny_.
+
+[71] Though Dr. Johnson has called Hamden the _zealot of rebellion_,
+yet that distinguished patriot could not have expressed himself with
+more ardour in the cause of liberty, than Dr. Johnson does in the
+following passage in his Life of Swift: "In the succeeding reign [that
+of George I.] he delivered Ireland from plunder and _oppression_; and
+shewed that wit, confederated with _truth_, had such force as
+authority was unable to resist.--It was from the time when he first
+began to patronize the Irish, that they may date their riches, and
+prosperity. He taught them first to know their own interest, their
+weight and their strength, and gave them spirit to assert that
+_equality_ with their fellow-subjects to which they have been ever
+since making vigorous advances, and to claim those _rights_ which they
+have at last established."
+
+The truth indeed seems to be, that Dr. Johnson, though he had been
+bred in high-church principles, and always expressed himself in
+controversial argument like a Tory, possessed a high independent
+spirit, and appears to have been a friend to the rights of man. His
+definition of the word _Caitiff_, in his Dictionary, may throw some
+light on this part of his character. "Caitiff. [_cattivo_, Ital. a
+slave; whence it came to signify a bad man, with some implication of
+meanness; as _knave_ in English, and _fur_ in Latin; so _certainly
+does slavery destroy virtue_.
+
+    Hemisu tes aretes apoainutai doulion emar.
+
+A slave and a scoundrel are signified by the same words in many
+languages.] A mean villain," &c. See also that animated passage in his
+_London_, beginning, "Here let those reign," &c.
+
+[72] It is observable that Dr. Johnson did not prefix a dedication to
+any one of his various works.
+
+
+
+THE AUGUSTAN REPRINT SOCIETY
+
+  WILLIAM ANDREWS CLARK
+  MEMORIAL LIBRARY
+
+UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, LOS ANGELES
+
+PUBLICATIONS IN PRINT
+
+
+1948-1949
+
+16. Henry Nevil Payne, _The Fatal Jealousie_ (1673).
+
+18. Anonymous, "Of Genius," in _The Occasional Paper_, Vol. III, No.
+10 (1719), and Aaron Hill, Preface to _The Creation_ (1720).
+
+
+1949-1950
+
+19. Susanna Centlivre, _The Busie Body_ (1709).
+
+20. Lewis Theobald, _Preface to the Works of Shakespeare_ (1734).
+
+22. Samuel Johnson, _The Vanity of Human Wishes_ (1749), and two
+_Rambler_ papers (1750).
+
+23. John Dryden, _His Majesties Declaration Defended_ (1681).
+
+
+1951-1952
+
+31. Thomas Gray, _An Elegy Wrote in a Country Churchyard_ (1751), and
+_The Eton College Manuscript_.
+
+
+1952-1953
+
+41. Bernard Mandeville, _A Letter to Dion_ (1732).
+
+
+1963-1964
+
+104. Thomas D'Urfey, _Wonders in the Sun_; or, _The Kingdom of the
+Birds_ (1706).
+
+
+1964-1965
+
+110. John Tutchin, _Selected Poems_ (1685-1700).
+
+111. Anonymous, _Political Justice_ (1736).
+
+112. Robert Dodsley, _An Essay on Fable_ (1764).
+
+113. T. R., _An Essay Concerning Critical and Curious Learning_
+(1698).
+
+114. _Two Poems Against Pope_: Leonard Welsted, _One Epistle to Mr. A.
+Pope_ (1730), and _Anonymous, The Blatant Beast_ (1742).
+
+
+1965-1966
+
+115. Daniel Defoe and others, _Accounts of the Apparition of Mrs.
+Veal_.
+
+116. Charles Macklin, _The Covent Garden Theatre_ (1752).
+
+117. Sir George L'Estrange, _Citt and Bumpkin_ (1680).
+
+118. Henry More, _Enthusiasmus Triumphatus_ (1662).
+
+119. Thomas Traherne, _Meditations on the Six Days of the Creation_
+(1717).
+
+120. Bernard Mandeville, _Aesop Dress'd or a Collection of Fables_
+(1704).
+
+
+1966-1967
+
+123. Edmond Malone, _Cursory Observations on the Poems Attributed to
+Mr. Thomas Rowley_ (1782).
+
+124. Anonymous, _The Female Wits_ (1704).
+
+125. Anonymous, _The Scribleriad_ (1742). Lord Hervey, _The Difference
+Between Verbal and Practical Virtue_ (1742).
+
+126. _Le Lutrin: an Heroick Poem, Written Originally in French by
+Monsieur Boileau: Made English by N. O._ (1682).
+
+
+1967-1968
+
+127-128. Charles Macklin, _A Will and No Will, or a Bone for the
+Lawyers_ (1746). _The New Play Criticiz'd, or The Plague
+of Envy_ (1747). Introduction by Jean B. Kern.
+
+129. Lawrence Echard, Prefaces to _Terence's Comedies_ (1694) and
+_Plautus's Comedies_ (1694). Introduction by John Barnard.
+
+130. Henry More, _Democritus Platonissans_ (1646). Introduction by P.
+G. Stanwood.
+
+131. John Evelyn, _The History of ... Sabatai Sevi ... The Suppos'd
+Messiah of the Jews_ (1669). Introduction by Christopher W. Grose.
+
+132. Walter Harte, _An Essay on Satire, Particularly on the Dunciad_
+(1730). Introduction by Thomas B. Gilmore.
+
+
+Subsequent publications may be checked in the annual prospectus.
+
+Publications of the first fifteen years of the Society (numbers 1-90)
+are available in paperbound units of six issues at $16.00 per unit,
+from the Kraus Reprint Company, 16 East 46th Street, New York, N.Y.
+10017.
+
+Publications in print are available at the regular membership rate of
+$5.00 yearly. Prices of single issues may be obtained upon request.
+
+William Andrews Clark Memorial Library: University of California, Los
+Angeles
+
+THE AUGUSTAN REPRINT SOCIETY
+
+2520 CIMARRON STREET, LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA 90018
+
+_General Editors_: William E. Conway, William Andrews Clark Memorial
+Library; George Robert Guffey, University of California, Los Angeles;
+Maximillian E. Novak, University of California, Los Angeles
+
+_Corresponding Secretary_: Mrs. Edna C. Davis, William Andrews Clark
+Memorial Library
+
+
+The Society's purpose is to publish rare Restoration and
+eighteenth-century works (usually as facsimile reproductions). All
+income of the Society is devoted to defraying costs of publication and
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+Correspondence concerning memberships in the United States and Canada
+should be addressed to the Corresponding Secretary at the William
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+California. Correspondence concerning editorial matters may be
+addressed to the General Editors at the same address. Manuscripts of
+introductions should conform to the recommendations of the MLA _Style
+Sheet_. The membership fee is $5.00 a year in the United States and
+Canada and L1.16.6 in Great Britain and Europe. British and European
+prospective members should address B. H. Blackwell, Broad Street,
+Oxford, England. Copies of back issues in print may be obtained from
+the Corresponding Secretary.
+
+Publications of the first fifteen years of the Society (numbers 1-90)
+are available in paperbound units of six issues at $16.00 per unit,
+from the Kraus Reprint Company, 16 East 46th Street, New York, N. Y.
+10017.
+
+
+Make check or money order payable to THE REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF
+CALIFORNIA
+
+
+REGULAR PUBLICATIONS FOR 1968-1969
+
+133. John Courtenay, _A Poetical Review of the Literary and Moral
+Character of the Late Samuel Johnson_ (1786). Introduction by Robert
+E. Kelley.
+
+134. John Downes, _Roscius Anglicanus_ (1708). Introduction by John
+Loftis.
+
+135. Sir John Hill, _Hypochondriasis, a Practical Treatise on the
+Nature and Cure of that Disorder Call'd the Hyp or Hypo_ (1766).
+Introduction by G. S. Rousseau.
+
+136. Thomas Sheridan, _Discourse ... Being Introductory to His Course
+of Lectures on Elocution and the English Language_ (1759).
+Introduction by G. P. Mohrman.
+
+137. Arthur Murphy, _The Englishman From Paris_ (1756). Introduction
+by Simon Trefman. Previously unpublished manuscript.
+
+138. [Catherine Trotter], _Olinda's Adventures_ (1718). Introduction
+by Robert Adams Day.
+
+
+SPECIAL PUBLICATION FOR 1968-1969
+
+_After THE TEMPEST._ Introduction by George Robert Guffey.
+
+Next in the continuing series of special publications by the Society
+will be _After THE TEMPEST_, a volume including the Dryden-Davenant
+version of _The Tempest_ (1670); the "operatic" _Tempest_ (1674);
+Thomas Duffet's _Mock-Tempest_ (1675); and the "Garrick" _Tempest_
+(1756), with an Introduction by George Robert Guffey.
+
+Already published in this series are:
+
+1. John Ogilby, _The Fables of Aesop Paraphras'd in Verse_ (1668),
+with an Introduction by Earl Miner.
+
+2. John Gay, _Fables_ (1727, 1738), with an Introduction by Vinton A.
+Dearing.
+
+3. Elkanah Settle, _The Empress of Morocco_ (1673) with five plates;
+_Notes and Observations on the Empress of Morocco_ (1674) by John
+Dryden, John Crowne and Thomas Shadwell; _Notes and Observations on
+the Empress of Morocco Revised_ (1674) by Elkanah Settle; and _The
+Empress of Morocco. A Farce_ (1674) by Thomas Duffet; with an
+Introduction by Maximillian E. Novak.
+
+Price to members of the Society, $2.50 for the first copy of each
+title, and $3.25 for additional copies. Price to non-members, $4.00.
+Standing orders for this continuing series of Special Publications
+will be accepted. British and European orders should be addressed to
+B. H. Blackwell, Broad Street, Oxford, England.
+
+
+
+Transcriber's Notes:
+
+  Passages in italics indicated by underscore _italics_.
+
+  The original text includes Greek characters. For this text version
+  these letters have been replaced with transliterations.
+
+  Misprints corrected:
+    "ther" corrected to "their" (footnote 23)
+    "Crticiz'd" corrected to "Criticiz'd" (advertisements)
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A Poetical Review of the Literary and
+Moral Character of the late Samuel Johnson (1786), by John Courtenay
+
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