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+The Project Gutenberg EBook of An Extract out of Josephus's Discourse to
+The Greeks Concerning Hades, by Flavius Josephus
+
+This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
+almost no restrictions whatsoever.  You may copy it, give it away or
+re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
+with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org
+
+
+Title: An Extract out of Josephus's Discourse to The Greeks Concerning Hades
+
+Author: Flavius Josephus
+
+Translator: William Whiston
+
+Posting Date: December 22, 2008 [EBook #2847]
+Release Date: October, 2001
+
+Language: English
+
+Character set encoding: ASCII
+
+*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DISCOURSE TO THE GREEKS ***
+
+
+
+
+Produced by David Reed
+
+
+
+
+
+AN EXTRACT OUT OF JOSEPHUS'S DISCOURSE TO THE GREEKS CONCERNING HADES
+
+By Flavius Josephus
+
+
+Translated by William Whiston
+
+
+
+1. Now as to Hades, wherein the souls of the good things they
+see, and rejoice in the righteous and unrighteous are detained, it is
+necessary to speak of it. Hades is a place in the world not regularly
+finished; a subterraneous region, wherein the light of this world does
+not shine; from which circumstance, that in this region the light does
+not shine, it cannot be but there must be in it perpetual darkness. This
+region is allotted as a place of custody for souls, ill which angels
+are appointed as guardians to them, who distribute to them temporary
+punishments, agreeable to every one's behavior and manners.
+
+2. In this region there is a certain place set apart, as a lake of
+unquenchable fire, whereinto we suppose no one hath hitherto been cast;
+but it is prepared for a day afore-determined by God, in which one
+righteous sentence shall deservedly be passed upon all men; when the
+unjust, and those that have been disobedient to God, and have given
+honor to such idols as have been the vain operations of the hands of men
+as to God himself, shall be adjudged to this everlasting punishment,
+as having been the causes of defilement; while the just shall obtain an
+incorruptible and never-fading kingdom. These are now indeed confined in
+Hades, but not in the same place wherein the unjust are confined.
+
+3. For there is one descent into this region, at whose gate we believe
+there stands an archangel with an host; which gate when those pass
+through that are conducted down by the angels appointed over souls, they
+do not go the same way; but the just are guided to the right hand, and
+are led with hymns, sung by the angels appointed over that place, unto a
+region of light, in which the just have dwelt from the beginning of the
+world; not constrained by necessity, but ever enjoying the prospect of
+the good things they see, and rejoice in the expectation of those new
+enjoyments which will be peculiar to every one of them, and esteeming
+those things beyond what we have here; with whom there is no place of
+toil, no burning heat, no piercing cold, nor are any briers there; but
+the countenance of the and of the just, which they see, always smiles
+them, while they wait for that rest and eternal new life in heaven,
+which is to succeed this region. This place we call The Bosom of
+Abraham.
+
+4. But as to the unjust, they are dragged by force to the left hand by
+the angels allotted for punishment, no longer going with a good-will,
+but as prisoners driven by violence; to whom are sent the angels
+appointed over them to reproach them and threaten them with their
+terrible looks, and to thrust them still downwards. Now those angels
+that are set over these souls drag them into the neighborhood of hell
+itself; who, when they are hard by it, continually hear the noise of
+it, and do not stand clear of the hot vapor itself; but when they have
+a near view of this spectacle, as of a terrible and exceeding great
+prospect of fire, they are struck with a fearful expectation of a future
+judgment, and in effect punished thereby: and not only so, but where
+they see the place [or choir] of the fathers and of the just, even
+hereby are they punished; for a chaos deep and large is fixed between
+them; insomuch that a just man that hath compassion upon them cannot be
+admitted, nor can one that is unjust, if he were bold enough to attempt
+it, pass over it.
+
+5. This is the discourse concerning Hades, wherein the souls of all men
+are confined until a proper season, which God hath determined, when
+he will make a resurrection of all men from the dead, not procuring
+a transmigration of souls from one body to another, but raising again
+those very bodies, which you Greeks, seeing to be dissolved, do not
+believe [their resurrection]. But learn not to disbelieve it; for while
+you believe that the soul is created, and yet is made immortal by
+God, according to the doctrine of Plato, and this in time, be not
+incredulous; but believe that God is able, when he hath raised to life
+that body which was made as a compound of the same elements, to make it
+immortal; for it must never be said of God, that he is able to do some
+things, and unable to do others. We have therefore believed that the
+body will be raised again; for although it be dissolved, it is not
+perished; for the earth receives its remains, and preserves them; and
+while they are like seed, and are mixed among the more fruitful soil,
+they flourish, and what is sown is indeed sown bare grain, but at the
+mighty sound of God the Creator, it will sprout up, and be raised in a
+clothed and glorious condition, though not before it has been dissolved,
+and mixed [with the earth]. So that we have not rashly believed the
+resurrection of the body; for although it be dissolved for a time on
+account of the original transgression, it exists still, and is cast into
+the earth as into a potter's furnace, in order to be formed again, not
+in order to rise again such as it was before, but in a state of purity,
+and so as never to be destroyed any more. And to every body shall its
+own soul be restored. And when it hath clothed itself with that body, it
+will not be subject to misery, but, being itself pure, it will continue
+with its pure body, and rejoice with it, with which it having walked
+righteously now in this world, and never having had it as a snare, it
+will receive it again with great gladness. But as for the unjust,
+they will receive their bodies not changed, not freed from diseases or
+distempers, nor made glorious, but with the same diseases wherein they
+died; and such as they were in their unbelief, the same shall they be
+when they shall be faithfully judged.
+
+6. For all men, the just as well as the unjust, shall be brought before
+God the word: for to him hath the Father committed all judgment: and he,
+in order to fulfill the will of his Father, shall come as Judge, whom
+we call Christ. For Minos and Rhadamanthus are not the judges, as
+you Greeks do suppose, but he whom God and the Father hath glorified:
+Concerning Whom We Have Elsewhere Given A More Particular Account, For
+The Sake Of Those Who Seek After Truth. This person, exercising the
+righteous judgment of the Father towards all men, hath prepared a just
+sentence for every one, according to his works; at whose judgment-seat
+when all men, and angels, and demons shall stand, they will send forth
+one voice, and say, Just Is Thy Judgment; the rejoinder to which will
+bring a just sentence upon both parties, by giving justly to those that
+have done well an everlasting fruition; but allotting to the lovers of
+wicked works eternal punishment. To these belong the unquenchable fire,
+and that without end, and a certain fiery worm, never dying, and not
+destroying the body, but continuing its eruption out of the body with
+never-ceasing grief: neither will sleep give ease to these men, nor
+will the night afford them comfort; death will not free them from their
+punishment, nor will the interceding prayers of their kindred profit
+them; for the just are no longer seen by them, nor are they thought
+worthy of remembrance. But the just shall remember only their righteous
+actions, whereby they have attained the heavenly kingdom, in which
+there is no sleep, no sorrow, no corruption, no care, no night, no day
+measured by time, no sun driven in his course along the circle of
+heaven by necessity, and measuring out the bounds and conversions of
+the seasons, for the better illumination of the life of men; no moon
+decreasing and increasing, or introducing a variety of seasons, nor will
+she then moisten the earth; no burning sun, no Bear turning round [the
+pole], no Orion to rise, no wandering of innumerable stars. The earth
+will not then be difficult to be passed over, nor will it be hard to
+find out the court of paradise, nor will there be any fearful roaring of
+the sea, forbidding the passengers to walk on it; even that will be made
+easily passable to the just, though it will not be void of moisture.
+Heaven will not then be uninhabitable by men, and it will not be
+impossible to discover the way of ascending thither. The earth will not
+be uncultivated, nor require too much labor of men, but will bring forth
+its fruits of its own accord, and will be well adorned with them. There
+will be no more generations of wild beasts, nor will the substance of
+the rest of the animals shoot out any more; for it will not produce men,
+but the number of the righteous will continue, and never fail, together
+with righteous angels, and spirits [of God], and with his word, as a
+choir of righteous men and women that never grow old, and continue in
+an incorruptible state, singing hymns to God, who hath advanced them to
+that happiness, by the means of a regular institution of life; with whom
+the whole creation also will lift up a perpetual hymn from corruption,
+to incorruption, as glorified by a splendid and pure spirit. It will
+not then be restrained by a bond of necessity, but with a lively freedom
+shall offer up a voluntary hymn, and shall praise him that made them,
+together with the angels, and spirits, and men now freed from all
+bondage.
+
+7. And now, if you Gentiles will be persuaded by these motives, and
+leave your vain imaginations about your pedigrees, and gaining of
+riches, and philosophy, and will not spend your time about subtleties
+of words, and thereby lead your minds into error, and if you will apply
+your ears to the hearing of the inspired prophets, the interpreters
+both of God and of his word, and will believe in God, you shall both be
+partakers of these things, and obtain the good things that are to come;
+you shall see the ascent unto the immense heaven plainly, and that
+kingdom which is there. For what God hath now concealed in silence [will
+be then made manifest,] what neither eye hath seen, nor ear hath heard,
+nor hath it entered into the heart of man, the things that God hath
+prepared for them that love him.
+
+8. In whatsoever ways I shall find you, in them shall I judge you
+entirely: so cries the End of all things. And he who hath at first
+lived a virtuous lift, but towards the latter end falls into vice, these
+labors by him before endured shall be altogether vain and unprofitable,
+even as in a play, brought to an ill catastrophe. Whosoever shall have
+lived wickedly and luxuriously may repent; however, there will be need
+of much time to conquer an evil habit, and even after repentance his
+whole life must be guarded with great care and diligence, after the
+manner of a body, which, after it hath been a long time afflicted with a
+distemper, requires a stricter diet and method of living; for though
+it may be possible, perhaps, to break off the chain of our irregular
+affections at once, yet our amendment cannot be secured without the
+grace of God, the prayers of good men, the help of the brethren, and our
+own sincere repentance and constant care. It is a good thing not to sin
+at all; it is also good, having sinned, to repent; as it is best to have
+health always, but it is a good thing to recover from a distemper. To
+God be glory and dominion for ever and ever Amen.
+
+
+
+
+
+End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of An Extract out of Josephus's Discourse
+to The Greeks Concerning Hades, by Flavius Josephus
+
+*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK DISCOURSE TO THE GREEKS ***
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