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diff --git a/28384-h/28384-h.htm b/28384-h/28384-h.htm new file mode 100644 index 0000000..677ba66 --- /dev/null +++ b/28384-h/28384-h.htm @@ -0,0 +1,19000 @@ +<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN" + "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"> + +<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> + <head> + <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html;charset=iso-8859-1" /> + <title> + The Project Gutenberg eBook of As I Remember, by Marian Gouverneur. + </title> + <style type="text/css"> + + + body {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%;} + .transnote {margin: 2em 5% 1em 5%; font-size: 90%; padding: 0.5em 1em 0.5em 1em; + border: solid 1px silver; margin-left: 20%; margin-right: 20%;} + .margintop {margin-top: 5em; text-align: center; font-size: 80%;} + .margintop2 {margin-top: 5em; text-align: center;} + .marginbottom {margin-bottom: 5em; text-align: center;} + .indent1 {margin-left: 2.5em;} + .indent2 {margin-left: 5em;} + .indent3 {margin-left: 7.5em;} + .indent4 {margin-left: 12.5em;} + + .correction {text-decoration: none; border-bottom: thin dotted silver;} + a.correction:hover {text-decoration: none;} + + p {margin-top: .75em; text-align: justify; + margin-bottom: .75em;} + .adcenter {margin-top: .75em; margin-bottom: 0em; text-align: center;} + .adleft {margin-top: 0em; margin-left: 20%; text-align: justify; margin-bottom: .75em;} + + h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 {text-align: center; clear: both;} + + hr {width: 33%; margin-top: 1.5em; margin-bottom: 1.5em; + margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; clear: both;} + + img {border: 0;} + + table {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;} + td {vertical-align: top;} + + .pagenum {position: absolute; + left: 92%; + font-size: 75%; + text-align: right;} + + .blockquot {margin-left: 5%; margin-right: 10%; text-align: justify;} + .blockquot2 {margin-left: 15%; margin-right: 20%; text-align: justify;} + + .center {text-align: center;} + .right {text-align: right;} + + .smcap {font-variant: small-caps;} + + .caption {font-variant: small-caps;} + .caption2 {text-align: center;} + + .figcenter {margin: auto; text-align: center;} + + .footnotes {border: dashed 1px;} + .footnote {margin-left: 10%; margin-right: 10%; font-size: 0.9em;} + .footnote .label {position: absolute; right: 84%; text-align: right;} + .fnanchor {vertical-align: super; font-size: .8em; text-decoration: none;} + + .poem {margin-left:10%; margin-right:10%; text-align: left;} + .poem br {display: none;} + .poem .stanza {margin: 1em 0em 1em 0em;} + .poem span.i0 {display: block; margin-left: 0em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i1 {display: block; margin-left: 1em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i2 {display: block; margin-left: 2em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i4 {display: block; margin-left: 4em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i8 {display: block; margin-left: 8em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + .poem span.i7 {display: block; margin-left: 7em; padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em;} + + + </style> + </head> +<body> + + +<pre> + +The Project Gutenberg EBook of As I Remember, by Marian Gouverneur + +This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with +almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or +re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included +with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org + + +Title: As I Remember + Recollections of American Society during the Nineteenth Century + +Author: Marian Gouverneur + +Release Date: March 22, 2009 [EBook #28384] + +Language: English + +Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 + +*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AS I REMEMBER *** + + + + +Produced by Suzanne Lybarger and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + + + + + +</pre> + + + +<div class='transnote'> +<h3>Transcriber's Note</h3> + +<p>Obvious typographical errors have been corrected in +this text. For a complete list, please see <a href="#transnotes">the bottom of +this document</a>.</p> +</div> + + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 245px;"> +<a href="images/img01.jpg"><img src="images/img01th.jpg" width="245" height="400" alt="" title="" /></a> +</div> + + +<h1>AS I REMEMBER</h1> + + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 277px;"><a name="frontis" id="frontis"></a> +<a href="images/img02.jpg"><img src="images/img02th.jpg" width="277" height="400" alt="Mrs. Gouverneur." title="" /></a> +<span class="caption">Mrs. Gouverneur.</span> +</div> + + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h1>AS I REMEMBER</h1> + +<h2><i>Recollections of American Society<br /> +during the Nineteenth Century</i></h2> + +<h3>BY</h3> + +<h2>MARIAN GOUVERNEUR</h2> + +<h3><span class='smcap'>illustrated</span></h3> + +<p class='center'> +NEW YORK AND LONDON<br /> +D. APPLETON AND COMPANY<br /> +1911</p> + + +<p class='margintop'><span class="smcap">Copyright, 1911, by</span><br /> +D. APPLETON AND COMPANY</p> + +<p class='margintop'>Printed in the United States of America</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<p class='margintop2'><span class='smcap'>to the memory of</span></p> + +<p class='center'>MY FATHER</p> + +<h3>Judge James Campbell</h3> + +<p class='center'><span class='smcap'>whose benign influence i still feel</span></p> + +<p class='center'><span class='smcap'>and to</span></p> + +<p class='center'>MY HUSBAND</p> + +<h3>Samuel L. Gouverneur, Jr.</h3> + +<p class='center'><span class='smcap'>the companion and pillar of strength<br /> +of my later years</span></p> + +<p class='marginbottom'>THIS BOOK IS INSCRIBED</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2><a name="Preface" id="Preface"></a>PREFACE</h2> + + +<p>The rambling personal notes threaded together in these +pages were written at the urgent request of my family, +and have provided a pleasant diversion during otherwise +lonely hours. The idea of their publication was highly distasteful +to me until the often repeated importunities of +many of those whose judgment commands my respect persuaded +me that some of the facts and incidents I have +recalled would prove of interest to a large circle of readers. +The narrative is concerned with persons and events that +have interested me during the busy hours of a lengthy life. +I have been deeply impressed by the changes wrought by +time in the modes of education, which are now so much at +variance with those of my childhood, and in the manners +and customs of those with whom I have mingled.</p> + +<p>I should be guilty of an act of grave injustice if I +failed to express my grateful acknowledgments for the aid +so unselfishly rendered, in a score of ways, by my daughter, +Mrs. Roswell Randall Hoes, without which these pages +would not, and could not, have been written.</p> + +<p class='right'><span class="smcap">M. Gouverneur.</span></p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>CONTENTS</h2> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="TOC"> +<tr><td align='right'><span class='smcap'>chapter</span></td><td align='left'></td><td align='right'><span class='smcap'>page</span></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>I.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Early Long Island Days</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_1">1</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>II.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">New York and Some New Yorkers</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_21">21</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>III.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">School-days and Early Friends</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_50">50</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>IV.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Life and Experiences in the Metropolis</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_69">69</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>V.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Long Branch, Newport and Elsewhere</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_96">96</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>VI.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Some Distinguished Acquaintances</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_118">118</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>VII.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Fashion and Letters</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_138">138</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>VIII.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Washington in the Forties</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_170">170</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>IX.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Social Leaders in Washington Life</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_194">194</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>X.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Diplomatic Corps and Other Celebrities</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_229">229</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>XI.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Marriage and Continued Life in Washington</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_256">256</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>XII.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Sojourn in China and Return</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_288">288</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>XIII.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">The Civil War and Life in Maryland</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_312">312</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>XIV.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">Visit to the Far South and Return to Washington</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_335">335</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='right'>XV.</td><td align='left'><span class="smcap">To the Present Day</span></td><td align='right'><a href="#Page_365">365</a></td></tr> +</table></div> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>ILLUSTRATIONS</h2> + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" summary="LOI"> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='right'><span class='smcap'>page</span></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Mrs. Gouverneur</td><td align='right'><i><a href="#frontis">Frontispiece</a></i></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Samuel L. Gouverneur, Junior</td><td align='right'><a href="#img3">116</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Mrs. John Still Winthrop, <i>née</i> Armistead, by Sully</td><td align='right'><a href="#img4">146</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Mrs. Charles Eames, <i>née</i> Campbell, by Gambadella</td><td align='right'><a href="#img5">178</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Brigadier General Winfield Scott, U.S.A., by Ingham</td><td align='right'><a href="#img6">202</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Mrs. James Munroe, <i>née</i> Kortright, by Benjamin West</td><td align='right'><a href="#img7">258</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Miniature of James Monroe, painted in Paris in 1794 by Semé</td><td align='right'><a href="#img8">284</a></td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Mrs. Gouverneur's three daughters, Miss Gouverneur, Mrs. Roswell Randall Hoes, Mrs. William Crawford Johnson</td><td align='right'><a href="#img9">310</a></td></tr> +</table></div> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_1" id="Page_1">[1]</a></span></p> +<h2>AS I REMEMBER</h2> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>CHAPTER I</h2> + +<h3>EARLY LONG ISLAND DAYS</h3> + + +<p>I do not know of a spot where, had I been accorded the +selection, I should have preferred first to see the light +of day, nor one more in keeping with the promptings +of sentiment, than the southern shore of Long Island, +N.Y., where I was born. My home was in Queens +County, on the old Rockaway Road, and often in childhood +during storms at sea I have heard the waves dash +upon the Rockaway beach. Two miles the other side of +us was the village of Jamaica, and from our windows we +caught glimpses of the bay that bore its name. My first +home was a large old-fashioned house on a farm of many +acres, ornamented by Lombardy poplars which stood on +each side of the driveway, a fashion introduced into this +country by Lafayette. My maternal grandfather, Captain +John Hazard, who had commanded a privateersman +during the Revolution, purchased the place from "Citizen" +Edmond Charles Genet, the first Minister of France +to the United States, and I have the old parchment deed +of transfer still in my possession. During the War of +the Revolution my Grandfather Hazard's ship was captured +by Admiral George B. Rodney, and I have often +heard my mother tell the story she received from his lips, +to the effect that after he was "comfortably housed in +irons" on Rodney's ship he overheard a conversation in +which his name was frequently mentioned. The subject<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_2" id="Page_2">[2]</a></span> +under discussion was the form of punishment he deserved, +and the cheerful remark reached his ear: "Hang the +damned rebel." This incident made an indelible impression +upon my mother's memory, which was emphasized +by the fact that her father bore the scars of those +irons to the day of his death.</p> + +<p>I have no recollection of my Grandfather Hazard, as +he died soon after my birth. Jonathan Hazard, his +brother, espoused the English cause during the Revolution. +This was possibly due to the influences of an English +mother, whose maiden name was Sarah Owen, of Shropshire. +I have heard my mother say that her grandmother +was a descendant of Dr. John Owen, Chaplain of Oliver +Cromwell. A piece of silver bearing the Owen coat of +arms is still in the possession of a member of my family. +He entered the British navy, changed his name to +Carr, and soon rose to the rank of Post-Captain. He +eventually drifted back to America and died unmarried +at my grandfather's home on Long Island many years +after the war. The trite saying that history repeats itself +is here forcibly illustrated by brother fighting +against brother. It brings to mind our own fraternal +troubles during the Civil War, which can never be effaced +from memory.</p> + +<p>Much of the furniture of my first home was purchased +from Citizen Genet when my grandfather took possession +of the house and farm. We understood that the French +minister brought it with him from France, and many of +the pieces, some of which are mahogany, are still in my +possession. A bedstead which I still occupy has been +said to be the first of its design brought from France to +this country. Hanging in my bedroom is a set of engravings +entitled "Diligence and Dissipation," after Hogarth, +and also a handsome old print of the Savior in +the Pharisee's House, all of which were purchased at the +same time. Two alabaster ornaments are memories of my<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_3" id="Page_3">[3]</a></span> +earliest childhood, one of which was a column casting a +shadow that formed a likeness of Louis XVI.</p> + +<p>My Grandfather Hazard had many slaves, and I remember +hearing of one of them who ran away and took with +him a carriage and pair of horses, and, who, when called +to account for the act, threatened my grandfather's +life. My mother, although suffering from a severe indisposition, +ran out of the house for succor. The slave was +taken into custody, and was eventually sent South and +sold. Some of the other slaves I well remember. Among +them was a very old couple with numerous progeny who +lived not far from us in a hut in the woods on the Hazard +estate. In subsequent years I heard my mother remark, +upon the occasion of a marriage in the family connection, +that when "Cuff" and "Sary" were married her father +gave the clergyman five dollars for his services. Cuff was +an old-fashioned, festive negro born in this country, and +with the firm belief that existence was bestowed upon him +solely for his own enjoyment. He possessed a genius for +discovering holidays, and added many to the calendar that +were new to most of us. For example, sometimes when +he was given a task to accomplish, he would announce +that he could not work upon that day as it was "Paas +Monday," or "Paas Tuesday," and so on, continuing as +the case required, through the week. He had supreme +contempt for what he called "Guinea niggers," a term +he applied to those of his race who came directly from +Africa, in contradistinction to those who had been born +in this country. One of Cuff's predecessors in the Hazard +family was named Ben, and I have the original deed +of his purchase from Hendrick Suydam, dated April 28th, +1807. The price paid was two hundred dollars.</p> + +<p>In the village of Jamaica was a well known academy +where my mother received the early part of her education. +One of her preceptors there was the Hon. Luther +Bradish, who some years later became Lieutenant Gover<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_4" id="Page_4">[4]</a></span>nor +of the State of New York, and who at the time of his +death was president of the New York Historical Society. +Her education was continued at Miss Sarah Pierce's +school in Litchfield, Connecticut, one of the most fashionable +educational institutions of that period. I have +heard my mother say that, accompanied by her father, +she made the journey to Litchfield in a chariot, the name +applied to carriages in those days, this, of course, being +before there was any rail communication with that place. +In close proximity to Miss Pierce's establishment was the +law school of Judge James Gould, whose pupils were a +great social resource to Miss Pierce's scholars. This institution +was patronized by many pupils from the South, +and during my mother's time John C. Calhoun was one +of its students. A few years ago a history of the school +was published, and a copy of the book was loaned me by +the late Mrs. Lucius Tuckerman of Washington, whose +mother was educated there and whose grandfather was +the celebrated Oliver Wolcott of Connecticut. After my +mother's marriage, she and my father visited Miss Pierce +in Litchfield. This was during the Jackson campaign, +while political excitement ran so very high that a prominent +physician of the place remarked to my father, in perfectly +good faith, that Jackson could not possibly be +elected President as he would receive no support from +Litchfield.</p> + +<p>In Jamaica was the last residence of the Honorable +Rufus King, our minister to England under Washington +and twenty years later a candidate for the presidency. +His son, Charles King, was the beloved President of Columbia +College in New York, and his few surviving students +hold his memory in reverence. The house in which +the King family resided was a stately structure with an +<i>entourage</i> of fine old trees. It eventually passed into +other hands, and a few years ago the entire property was +generously donated by the Daughters of the American<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_5" id="Page_5">[5]</a></span> +Revolution to the town of Jamaica, and is now called +"King's Manor."</p> + +<p>My grandfather, Captain John Hazard, was about fifty +years old at the time of his marriage to my grandmother, +Miss Leupp, of New Jersey, who died soon after, leaving +an only child, my mother. A few years later he married +Lydia Blackwell at her home on Blackwell's Island, which +her father, Jacob Blackwell, had inherited from his father, +Jacob Blackwell, the son of Robert Blackwell, who was +the progenitor of the family in this country and gave his +name to the island upon which he resided. Several years +later Captain Hazard was heard to remark that matrimony +was a lottery, and that he had drawn two prizes. +I have in my possession an old letter written by Miss +Blackwell to my grandfather previous to their marriage, +which is so quaint and formal that I am tempted to give +it in full:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Miss Blackwell's compliments to Captain Hazard and +desires to know how he does—and if well enough will be +glad to see him the first leisure day—as she has something +of consequence to communicate and is sorry to hear +that he has been so much indisposed as to deprive his +friends of the pleasure of his company for this last fortnight—May +you enjoy every happiness this imperfect estate +affords is the sincere wish of your friend,</p> + +<p class='right'>L. B.</p> + +<p>Let me see you on Sunday.</p> + +<p>Burn this.</p></div> + +<p>Captain Hazard brought his new bride to the old home +on the Rockaway Road where I was subsequently born, +and she immediately took under her protecting wing my +mother, who was then but little more than an infant. +The babe grew and thrived, and never knew until she was +a good-sized girl that the woman who had so lovingly nurtured +her was only a step-mother. She learned the fact<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_6" id="Page_6">[6]</a></span> +from a schoolmate who told her out of revenge for some +fancied wrong; and I shall always remember my mother +telling me how she hurried home feeling all the time that +the cruel story was untrue, only to have it confirmed by +the lips of the woman who had been as affectionate and +unselfish as any mother could possibly have been to her +own child. In subsequent years, when my mother gathered +her own children around her, she held her step-mother +up to us as the embodiment of all female virtue and excellence, +all of which is confirmed by my own recollection +of her remarkable character and exemplary life.</p> + +<p>On the farm adjoining us lived a crusty old bachelor by +the name of Martin, who in his earlier life had been professionally +associated with Aaron Burr. No human being +was allowed to cross his threshold, but I recall that years +after his death I saw a large quantity of silver which he +had inherited, and which bore a martin for a crest. He +was a terror to all the children in our vicinity, and it was +his habit to walk on the neighboring roads clad in a dressing +gown. More than once as I passed him he accosted +me with the interrogative, "Are you Nancy Hazard's +brat?"—a query that invariably prompted me to quicken +my pace. Mr. Martin kept a fine herd of cattle, among +which was an obstreperous bull whose stentorian tones +were familiar to all the residents of the adjoining places. +When the children of our household were turbulent my +mother would often exclaim, "Listen to Martin's bull roaring!" +This invariably had a soothing effect upon the +children, and strange to say this trivial incident has descended +among my kindred to the fourth generation, for +my mother's great-grandchildren are as familiar with +"Martin's bull" as my sisters and brothers and I were in +our own childhood.</p> + +<p>Malcolm Campbell, my paternal grandfather, left Scotland +subsequently to our Revolution, accompanied by his +wife and son James (my father), and after a passage of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_7" id="Page_7">[7]</a></span> +several weeks landed in New York. His wife was Miss +Lucy McClellan. His father, Alexander Campbell, fought +in the battle of Culloden, and I have heard my father say +that his grandfather's regiment marched to the song of:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Who wadna fight for Charlie?<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Who wadna draw the sword?<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Who wadna up and rally,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">At their royal prince's word?<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Think on Scotia's ancient heroes,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Think on foreign foes repell'd,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Think on glorious Bruce and Wallace,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Who the proud usurpers quell'd."<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>It is said he had previously been sent to Italy to collect +arms and ammunition for the "Young Pretender," the +grandson of James II. The battle of Culloden, which +was fought on the 16th of April, 1746, and which has often +been called the "Culloden Massacre," caused the whole civilized +world to stand aghast. The order of the Duke of Cumberland +to grant no quarter to prisoners placed him foremost +in the ranks of "British beasts" that have disgraced +the pages of history, and earned for him the unenviable +title of "The Butcher of Culloden." It has been suggested +in extenuation of his fiendish conduct that His +Grace was "deep in his cups" the night before the battle, +and that the General to whom the order was given, +realizing the condition of the Duke, insisted that his instructions +should be reduced to writing. His Grace thereupon +angrily seized a playing card from the table where +he was engaged in gambling, and complied with the request. +This card happened to be the nine of diamonds, +and to this day is known as "the curse of Scotland." A +long period elapsed before those who had sympathized +with the Young Pretender's cause were restored to the +good graces of the English throne, and it was Scotland +that was compelled to bear the brunt of the royal dis<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_8" id="Page_8">[8]</a></span>pleasure. +The sins of the fathers were visited upon their +children, and it is not at all unlikely that the sympathies +of Alexander Campbell's son, Malcolm (my grandfather), +for the last of the House of Stuart developed a chain of +circumstances that resulted, with other causes, in his embarkation +for America.</p> + +<p>During the early period of my childhood I became familiar +with the Jacobite songs which my father used to +sing, and which had been handed down in the Campbell +family. I was so deeply imbued during my early life with +the Jacobite spirit of my forefathers that when I read the +account in my English history of George I, carrying with +him his little dissolute Hanoverian Court and crossing the +water to England to become King of Great Britain, I felt +even at that late day that the act was a personal grievance. +Through the passage of many years a fragment of one of +these Jacobite songs still rings in my ears:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"There's nae luck aboot the hoose,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">There's nae luck ava [at all];<br /></span> +<span class="i0">There's little pleasure in the hoose<br /></span> +<span class="i0">When our gude man's awa."<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>Even now some of those songs appeal to me possibly in +the same manner as the "Marseillaise" to the French, or +the "Ranz de Vaches" to the Swiss who have wandered +from their mountain homes, or as the strains of our +national hymn affect my own fellow countrymen in foreign +lands, whose hearts are made to throb when with uncovered +heads they listen, and are carried back in memory +to the days of "auld lang syne."</p> + +<p>My grandfather, Malcolm Campbell, received the degree +of Master of Arts from the University of St. Andrews, the +great school of Scottish Latinity, and his diploma conferring +upon him that honor is still in the possession of his +descendants. Before leaving Scotland he had formed an +intimacy with Andrew Picken, and during the voyage to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_9" id="Page_9">[9]</a></span> +America enjoyed the pleasing companionship of that gentleman +together with his wife and their two children. +Mrs. Picken was the only daughter of Sir Charles Burdette +of London, whose wife was the daughter of the Earl +of Wyndham. She and Andrew Picken, who was a native +of Stewarton, in Ayrshire, a younger branch of a noble +family, four years previously had made a clandestine marriage +and, after vainly attempting to effect a reconciliation +with her father, resolved upon emigrating to America. +Their daughter, Mrs. Sara Jane Picken Cohen, widow of +the Rev. Dr. Abraham H. Cohen of Richmond, Virginia, +wrote the memoirs of her life, and in describing her parents' +voyage to this country says: "It was one of those +old-time voyages, of nine weeks and three days, from land +to land, and a very boisterous one it was. There had been +a terrific storm, which had raged violently for several +days." This friendship formed in the mother country +was naturally much strengthened during the long voyage, +and when the two families finally reached New York, +Mrs. Cohen writes: "Here we settled down our two families, +strangers in a strange land. But the lamp of friendship +burned brightly and lit us on the way; our children +grew up together in early childhood, and as brothers and +sisters were born in each family they were named in succession +after each other." It is pleasant to state that this +friendship formed so many generations ago is still continued +in my family, as my daughters and I frequently +enjoy in our Washington home the pleasing society of Mr. +and Mrs. Roberdeau Buchanan, the latter of whom is the +great granddaughter of Mr. and Mrs. Andrew Picken.</p> + +<p>Soon after his arrival in New York Malcolm Campbell +established a classical school at 85 Broadway nearly opposite +Trinity Church. He edited the first American edition +of Cicero's orations and of Cæsar's commentaries, +and also revised and corrected and published in 1808 +l'Abbé Tardy's French dictionary. His first edition of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_10" id="Page_10">[10]</a></span> +Cicero is dedicated to the "Right Reverend Benjamin +Moore, D.D., Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church +in the State of New York, and President of Columbia +College," and another edition with the same text and imprint +is dedicated, in several pages of Latin, to the learned +Samuel L. Mitchell, M.D. He and his wife were buried +in the graveyard of the Wall Street Presbyterian Church. +It may not be inappropriate in this connection to refer to +another instructor of an even earlier period which has +come within my notice, who taught reading, writing and +arithmetic "with becoming accuracy." In <i>The New +York Journal Or The General Advertiser</i> of the 30th of +April, 1772, appears the following advertisement:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">The respectable Public</span> is hereby informed that, +agreeable to a former advertisement, a Seminary of Learning +was opened at New Brunswick, last November, by +the name of <i>Queen's College</i>,<a name="FNanchor_1_1" id="FNanchor_1_1"></a><a href="#Footnote_1_1" class="fnanchor">[1]</a> and also a Grammar School, +in order to prepare Youth for the same. Any Parents or +Guardians who may be inclined to send their Children to +this Institution, may depend upon having them instructed +with the greatest Care and Diligence in all the Arts and +Sciences usually taught in public Schools; the strictest +Regard will be paid to their moral Conduct, (and in a +word) to every Thing which may tend to render them a +Pleasure to their Friends, and an Ornament to their +Species.</p> + +<p>Also to obviate the Objection of some to sending their +Children on Account of their small Proficiency in English, +a proper Person has been provided, who attends at +the Grammar School an Hour a Day, and teaches Reading, +Writing and Arithmetic with becoming Accuracy—It +is hoped that the above Considerations, together with +the healthy and convenient Situation of the Place, on a +Pleasant and navigable River, in the midst of a plentiful +Country; the Reasonableness of the Inhabitants in the +Price of Board, and the easy Access from all Places, either<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_11" id="Page_11">[11]</a></span> +by Land or Water will be esteemed by the considerate +Public, as a sufficient Recommendation of this infant College, +which (as it is erected upon so Catholic a Plan) will +undoubtedly prove <i>advantageous</i> to our new American +World, by assisting its <span class="smcap">Sister Semminaries</span> to cultivate +Piety, Learning, and Liberty.</p> + +<p class='indent1'><i>Per Order of the Trustees</i>,</p> + +<p class='indent2'><span class="smcap">Frederick Frelinghuysen</span>, Tutor.</p> + +<p>N.B. The Vacation of the College will be expired on +Wednesday the 6th of May, any Students then offering +themselves shall be admitted into such Class, as (upon +Examination) they shall be found capable of entering.</p></div> + +<p>The signer of this interesting advertisement was graduated +from Princeton College in 1770, and subsequently +became a lawyer. His distinguished son, Theodore, was +widely known as a philanthropist and Christian statesman, +and at various periods was United States Senator, Chancellor +of the New York University, President of Rutgers +College, a candidate for the Vice Presidency of the United +States, and President of the American Bible Society. A +grandson of the signer was the Hon. Frederick Theodore +Frelinghuysen, the well remembered United States Senator +and Secretary of State under President Arthur.</p> + +<p>Speaking of the Frelinghuysen family, I recall an amusing +story told at the expense of Newark, New Jersey. +When the late Secretary Frelinghuysen presented himself +at the gates of Heaven he was surprised not to be recognized +by St. Peter, who asked him who he was. "I am +the Hon. Frederick T. Frelinghuysen," was the response. +"From where?" "Newark, New Jersey." +"Newark?" quoth St. Peter, "I never heard of that place, +but I will look on my list. No, it isn't there. I can not +admit you, Mr. Frelinghuysen." So the old gentleman +proceeded and knocked at another gate in the boundless +immensity. The devil opened it and looked out. The +same conversation occurred as with St. Peter. Newark +wasn't "on the list." "My Heavens, Mr. Satan, am I<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_12" id="Page_12">[12]</a></span> +then doomed to return to Newark?" exclaimed the New +Jersey statesman, and went back to the Newark graveyard.</p> + +<p>My father, James Campbell, was born in Callander, +Scotland, and, as I have before stated, came to this country +with his parents as a very young child. Both he and +his father were clad in their Highland dress upon their +arrival in New York. His childhood was spent in the +great metropolis, and he subsequently studied law in Albany, +with the Hon. Samuel Miles Hopkins, the grandfather +of Mrs. Arent Schuyler Crowninshield. He was +admitted to the bar, and almost immediately became a +Master in Chancery. In 1821 he was appointed Surrogate +of New York, a position which he retained for twenty +years. He was always a pronounced democrat, but notwithstanding +this fact he was reappointed ten successive +times. In 1840, however, the Whig party was in the +ascendency in the New York Legislature, and through the +instrumentality of William H. Seward, who introduced a +system called "pipe laying," the whole political atmosphere +was changed. "Pipe laying" was an organized +scheme for controlling votes, and derived its name from +certain political manipulations connected with the introduction +of Croton water in New York City. I have +learned in later years that more approved methods are +frequently used for controlling votes. Modern ethics has +discovered a more satisfactory method through means of +powerful corporations with coffers wide open in the holy +cause of electing candidates.</p> + +<p>This unfortunate state of affairs resulted in the removal +of my father from office, and he immediately resumed the +practice of law. Some of his decisions as Surrogate are +regarded as precedents to this day. Two of the most +prominent of these are "Watts and LeRoy vs. Public Administrator" +(a decision resulting in the establishment +of the Leake and Watts Orphan House) and "In the +matter of the last Will and Testament of Alice Lis<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_13" id="Page_13">[13]</a></span>penard, +deceased." He is said to have owned about this +time the largest private library in New York City, composed +largely of foreign imprints, as he seemed to have but +little regard for American editions. The classical portion +of his library, especially the volumes published in Paris, +was regarded as unusually choice and well selected. He +had also a large collection of Greek Testaments which he +read in preference to the translations. He owned a copy +of Didot's Virgil and I have always understood that, with +the exception of one owned in the Brevoort family of New +York, it was at that time the only copy in America. He +retained his scholarly tastes throughout his whole life, and +in looking back I delight to picture him as seated in his +library surrounded by his beloved books. In 1850, about +two years after his death, his library was sold at auction, +the catalogue of which covers 114 closely printed pages. +Among the purchasers were William E. Burton, the actor, +Chief Justice Charles P. Daly and Henry W. Longfellow.</p> + +<p>Professor Charles Anthon of Columbia College dedicated +his Horace to my father in the following choice +words:</p> + +<p class='center'> +To<br /> +My old & valued friend<br /> +James Campbell, Esq.,<br /> +who, amid the graver duties of a judicial station,<br /> +can still find leisure to gratify a pure and<br /> +cultivated taste, by reviving the<br /> +studies of earlier years.<br /> +</p> + +<p>The following letter from Professor Anthon, the original +of which is still retained by the family, was addressed +to my mother shortly after my father's death.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p class='right'><span class="smcap">Col[umbia] Coll[ege]</span>, Sep. 3d 1849.</p> + +<p>Dear Madam,</p> + +<p>I dedicated the accompanying work to your lamented +husband in happier years, while he was still in the full<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_14" id="Page_14">[14]</a></span> +career of honourable usefulness; and, now that death has +taken him from us, I deem it but right that the volume +which bore his name while living, should still continue to +be a memento of him. May I request you to accept this +humble but sincere tribute to the memory of a most valued +friend?</p> + +<p class='indent3'>I remain, very respectfully and truly,</p> + +<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">Chas. Anthon.</span></p> + +<p> +Mrs. Campbell,<br /> + Houston Street.</p> +</div> + +<p>When Professor Anthon was about forty-eight years of +age Edgar Allan Poe described him as "about five feet, +eight inches in height; rather stout; fair complexion; hair +light and inclined to curl; forehead remarkably broad and +high; eye gray, clear, and penetrating; mouth well-formed, +with excellent teeth—the lips having great flexibility, and +consequent power of expression; the smile particularly +pleasing. His address in general is bold, frank, cordial, +full of <i>bonhomie</i>. His whole air is <i>distingué</i> in the best +understanding of the term—that is to say, he would impress +anyone at first sight with the idea of his being no +ordinary man. He has qualities, indeed, which would +have assured him eminent success in almost any pursuit; +and there are times in which his friends are half disposed +to regret his exclusive devotion to classical literature."</p> + +<p>My father was a trustee of the venerable New York +Society Library and one of the directors of the old United +States Bank in Philadelphia; and I have in my possession +a number of interesting letters from Nicholas Biddle, its +president, addressed to him and asking his advice and +counsel. For eighteen years he was a trustee of Columbia +College in New York, and enjoyed the close friendship of +President William A. Duer, Reverend and Professor John +McVickar, James Renwick, Professor of Chemistry, whose +mother, Jennie Jeffery, was Burns's "Blue-e'ed Lassie,"<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_15" id="Page_15">[15]</a></span> +and Professor Charles Anthon, all of whom filled chairs +in that institution with unquestioned ability. My father +was also a member of the St. Andrews Society of New +York. After his death, President Duer in an impressive +address alluded to him in the following manner:</p> + +<p>"Two of our associates with whom I have been similarly +connected and have known from boyhood have also departed, +leaving sweet memories behind them, James Campbell +and David S. Jones, the former a scholar and a ripe +and good one, once honoring the choice of his fellow citizens +and winning golden opinions as Surrogate of this +city and county."</p> + +<p>President Duer had a most interesting family of children. +His eldest married daughter, Frances Maria, was +the wife of Henry Shaeffe Hoyt of Park Place, and died +recently in Newport at a very advanced age. Eleanor +Jones Duer, another daughter, married George T. Wilson, +an Englishman. She was a great beauty, bearing a striking +resemblance to Fanny Kemble, and was remarkable +for her strong intellect. Her marriage was clandestine, +and the cause, as far as I know, was never explained. +Still another daughter, Elizabeth, married Archibald +Gracie King of Weehawken, and was a Colonial Dame of +much prominence in her later years. She was the mother +of the authoress, Mrs. John King Van Rensselaer. President +Duer's wife was Hannah Maria Denning of Fishkill, +New York. I knew her only as an elderly woman possessing +a fine presence and social tastes.</p> + +<p>In my early life the students of Columbia College enjoyed +playing practical jokes upon its dignified professors. +As an illustration, I remember once seeing the death of +Professor Renwick fictitiously published in one of the +daily journals, much to the sorrow and subsequently the +indignation of a large circle of friends. Professor Anthon, +too, although a confirmed bachelor, had to face his +turn, and his marriage to some unknown bride bearing an<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_16" id="Page_16">[16]</a></span> +assumed name was an occasional announcement. But the +most amusing feature of the joke would appear in the +morning, when an emphatic denial would be seen in the +columns of the same newspaper, accompanied by a quotation +in spurious Latin. Professor Anthon lived with his +two spinster sisters in one of the college buildings, and +their home was a rendezvous for an appreciative younger +generation. In connection with his duties at the college, +he was the head of the Columbia College Grammar School, +and I have always understood that he strictly followed the +scriptural injunction not "to spare the rod." His victims +were repeatedly heard to remark that these flagellations +partially counterbalanced the lack of exercise which +he felt very keenly in his sedentary life. But with all his +austerity his pupils would occasionally be astonished over +the amount of humor that he was capable of displaying. +His handwriting was exquisitely minute in character, and +I have in my possession two valentines composed by him +and sent to me which are quaintly beautiful in language +and, although sixty years old, are still in a perfect state +of preservation.</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i8"><i>To Miss Marian Campbell.</i><br /></span> +<span class="i0">The Campbell is coming! Ye Gentles beware,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">For Don Cupid lies hid in her dark flowing hair,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And her eyes, bright as stars that in mid-heaven roll,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Pierce through frock-coat and dickey right into the soul!<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And ye lips which the coral might envy, I ween,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And ye pearl rows that peep from the red lips between,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And that soft-dimpled cheek, with the hue of the rose,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And that smile which bears conquest wherever it goes,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Oh, could I but think that you soon would be mine,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">I'd send Marian each morning a sweet valentine.<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Feb'y 14, 1844.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p class='indent4'>(Written a few years later.)</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Sweet girl! within whose laughing eye<br /></span> +<span class="i0">A thousand little Cupids lie,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">While every curl, that floats above<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Thy noble brow, seems fraught with love.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_17" id="Page_17">[17]</a></span><br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Oh, list to me, my loved one, list!<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Thy Tellkampf's suit no more resist,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">But give to him, to call his own,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">A heart where Kings might make their throne.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>John Louis Tellkampf, to whom Anthon so facetiously +alludes in the second valentine, was a young German who +frequently came to our house, and who, through my father's +aid and influence, in subsequent years became professor +of German in Columbia College. When we first +knew him he spoke English with much difficulty, and it +was a standing joke in our household that once when he +desired to say that a certain person had been born he expressed +the fact as "getting alive."</p> + +<p>Malcolm Campbell, a younger brother of mine, was +graduated in 1850 from Columbia College near the head +of his class. Among his classmates were Charles Seymour, +subsequently Bishop of the Protestant Episcopal +Church of Illinois, and the distinguished lawyer Frederick +R. Coudert, whose father kept a boys' French school in +Bleecker Street. My brother subsequently studied law in +the office of Judge Henry Hilton, and for many years +practiced at the New York bar. Upon a certain occasion +he and Samuel F. Kneeland were opposing counsel in an +important suit during which Mr. Kneeland kept quoting +from his own work upon "Mechanics' Liens." My brother +endured this as long as his patience permitted and then, +slowly rising to his feet, said: "I have cited decisions on +the point in controversy, but my learned opponent cites +nothing except his own opinions printed in his own book. +With such persistency has he done this that I have been +tempted to write these lines:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">"Oh, Kneeland! dear Kneeland, pray what do you mean<br /></span> +<span class="i0">By such a fat book on the subject of Lien?<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Was it for glory or was it for pelf,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Or just for the pleasure of quoting yourself?"<br /></span> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_18" id="Page_18">[18]</a></span></div></div> + +<p>It seems almost needless to add that this doggerel was +followed by a round of applause, and that Chief Justice +Charles P. Daly and Judge Joseph F. Daly, as well as +Judge George M. Van Hoesen, who were on the bench at +this time, joined in the merriment.</p> + +<p>The commencement exercises of Columbia College, as I +remember them, took place every summer in St. John's +Church opposite St. John's Park, and I often attended +them in my early days. Columbia College at this period +was in the lower part of the city between College and Park +Places, and was the original King's College of colonial +days. All of the professors lived in the college buildings +in a most unostentatious manner, and I readily recall frequent +instances during my early childhood when, in company +with my father, I walked to the college and took a +simple six o'clock supper with Professor Anthon and his +sisters.</p> + +<p>My mother met my father while visiting in New York, +and the acquaintance eventually resulted in a runaway +marriage. They were married on the 10th of June, 1818, +and nine days later the following notice appeared in <i>The +National Advocate</i>:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'><i>Married.</i></p> + +<p>At Flushing, L.I., by the Rev. Mr. [Barzilla] Buckley, +James Campbell esq. of this city, to Miss Mary Ann Hazard, +daughter of John Hazard, esq. of Jamaica, Long +Island.</p></div> + +<p>The objection of my Grandfather Hazard to my mother's +marriage was not unnatural, as she was his only child, +and being at this time well advanced in years he dreaded +the separation. But the happy bride immediately brought +her husband to live in the old home where she had been +born, where the young couple began their married life +under pleasing auspices, and my father continued his +practice of law in New York. I had the misfortune of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_19" id="Page_19">[19]</a></span> +being a second daughter. Traditionally, I know that my +grandfather most earnestly desired a grandson at that +time, and when the nurse announced my birth, she was +not sufficiently courageous to tell the truth, and said: "A +boy, sir!" Her faltering manner possibly betrayed her, +as the sarcastic retort was: "I dare say, an Irish boy."</p> + +<p>My ambitious parents sent me with my oldest sister, +Fanny, at the early age of four, to a school in the village +of Jamaica conducted by Miss Delia Bacon. My recollection +of events occurring at this early period is not very +vivid, but I still recall the vision of three beautiful women, +Delia, Alice and Julia Bacon, who presided over our +school. This interesting trio were nieces of the distinguished +author and divine, the Rev. Dr. Leonard Bacon, +who for fifty-seven years was pastor of the First Congregational +Church of New Haven. Many years subsequent +to my school days, Delia Bacon became, as is well known, +an enthusiastic advocate of the Baconian authorship of +Shakespeare's plays. I have understood that she made a +pilgrimage to Stratford-on-Avon hoping to secure the +proper authority to reopen Shakespeare's grave, a desire, +however, that remained ungratified. She was a woman of +remarkable ability, and I have in my possession the book, +written by her nephew, which tells the story of her life. +I was Miss Bacon's youngest pupil, and attended school +regularly in company with my sister, whither we were +driven each morning in the family carriage. My studies +were not difficult, and my principal recollection is my +playing out of doors with a dog named Sancho, while the +older children were busy inside with their studies.</p> + +<p>During my Long Island life, as a very young child, I +was visiting my aunts in Jay Street, New York, when I +was taken to Grant Thorburn's seed shop in Maiden Lane, +which I think was called "The Arcade." There was much +there to delight the childish fancy—canaries, parrots, and +other birds of varied plumage. Thorburn's career was de<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_20" id="Page_20">[20]</a></span>cidedly +unusual. He was born in Scotland, where he +worked in his father's shop as a nailmaker. He came to +New York in 1794 and for a time continued at his old +trade. He then kept a seed store and, after making quite +a fortune, launched into a literary career and wrote under +the <i>nom de plume</i> of "Laurie Todd."</p> + +<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_1_1" id="Footnote_1_1"></a><a href="#FNanchor_1_1"><span class="label">[1]</span></a> Now Rutgers College.</p></div> +</div> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_21" id="Page_21">[21]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER II</h2> + +<h3>NEW YORK AND SOME NEW YORKERS</h3> + + +<p>About 1828 my parents moved to New York, and +immediately occupied the house, No. 6 Hubert +Street, purchased by my father, and pleasantly located +a short distance from St. John's Park, then the fashionable +section of the city. This park was always kept +locked, but it was the common play-ground of the children +of the neighborhood, whose families were furnished +with keys, as is the case with Gramercy Park to-day. St. +John's Church overlooked this park, and the houses on the +other three sides of the square were among the finest residences +in the city. Many of them were occupied by families +of prominence, among which were those of Watts, +Gibbes, Kemble, Hamilton and Smedberg. Next door to +us on Hubert Street lived Commander, subsequently Rear +Admiral, Charles Wilkes, U.S.N., and his young family. +His first wife was Miss Jane Jeffrey Renwick, who was a +sister of Professor James Renwick of Columbia College, +and after her death he married Mary Lynch, a daughter +of Henry Lynch of New York and the widow of Captain +William Compton Bolton of the Navy. This, of +course, was previous to his naval achievements, which are +such well known events in American history. In after +life Admiral and Mrs. Wilkes moved to Washington, +D.C., where I renewed my friendship of early days and +where members of his family still reside, beloved and respected +by the whole community.</p> + +<p>Mr. Thomas S. Gibbes of South Carolina, whose wife +was Miss Susan Annette Vanden Heuvel, daughter of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_22" id="Page_22">[22]</a></span> +John C. Vanden Heuvel, a wealthy land owner, lived on +Hudson Street, facing St. John's Park. Their elder +daughter Charlotte Augusta, who married John Jacob +Astor, son of William B. Astor, was an early playmate +of mine, and many pleasant memories of her as a little +girl cluster around St. John's Park, where we romped +together. When I first knew the Gibbes family it had +recently returned from a long residence in Paris, an +unusual experience in these days, and both Charlotte Augusta +and her younger sister, Annette Gibbes, sang in a +very pleasing manner French songs, which were a decided +novelty to our juvenile ears. Mrs. Gibbes's sisters were +Mrs. Gouverneur S. Bibby and Mrs. John C. Hamilton.</p> + +<p>Directly opposite St. John's Park, on the corner of +Varick and Beach streets, was Miss Maria Forbes's school +for young girls, which was the fashionable school of the +day. I attended it in company with my sister Fanny and +my brother James who was my junior. Miss Forbes occasionally +admitted boys to her school when accompanied +by older sisters. Our life there was regulated in accordance +with the strictest principles of learning and etiquette, +and a child would have been deficient indeed who failed +to acquire knowledge under the tuition of such an able +teacher. School commenced promptly at eight o'clock and +continued without intermission until three.</p> + +<p>The principal of the school was the daughter of John +Forbes, who for thirty years was the librarian of the New +York Society Library. He was a native of Aberdeen in +Scotland, and was brought to this country in extreme +youth by a widowed mother of marked determination and +piety, with the intention of launching him successfully in +life. He early displayed a fondness for books, and must +have shown an uncommon maturity of mind and much +executive ability, as he was only nineteen when he was +appointed to the position just named. It is an interesting +fact that he accepted the librarianship in 1798 with a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_23" id="Page_23">[23]</a></span> +salary of two hundred and fifty dollars a year in addition +to the fines and two and a half per cent. upon all moneys +collected, besides the use or rental of the lower front room +of the library building. After many years of labor his +salary was raised to five hundred dollars. Upon his +death in October, 1824, the trustees, out of respect to his +memory, voted to attend his funeral in a body and ordered +the library closed for the remaining four days of the week. +He married Miss Martha Skidmore, daughter of Lemuel +Skidmore, a prominent iron and steel merchant of New +York, and I have no doubt that Maria Forbes, their daughter +and my early teacher, inherited her scholarly tastes +from her father, of whom Dr. John W. Francis in his +"Old New York" justly speaks as a "learned man."</p> + +<p>Miss Forbes was a pronounced disciplinarian, and administered +one form of punishment which left a lasting +impression upon my memory. For certain trivial offenses +a child was placed in a darkened room and clothed in a +tow apron. One day I was subjected to this punishment +for many hours, an incident which naturally I have never +yet been able to forget. On the occasion referred to +Miss Forbes was obliged to leave the schoolroom for a +few minutes and, unfortunately for my happiness, appointed +my young brother James to act as monitor during +her absence. His first experience in the exercise of a +little authority evidently turned his head, for upon the +return of our teacher I was reported for misbehavior. +The charge against me was that I had smiled. It is too +long ago to remember whether or not it was a smile of derision, +but upon mature reflection I think it must have +been. I knew, however, in my childish heart that I had +committed no serious offense and, as can readily be imagined, +my indignation was boundless. It was the first act +of injustice I had ever experienced. Feeling that the +punishment was undeserved, and smarting under it, with +abundance of leisure upon my hands, I bit the tough tow<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_24" id="Page_24">[24]</a></span> +apron into many pieces. When Miss Forbes after a few +hours, which seemed to me an eternity, came to relieve me +from my irksome position and noticed the condition of the +apron, she regaled me with a homily upon the evils of bad +temper, and gave as practical illustrations the lives of +some of our most noted criminals, all of whom had expiated +their crimes upon the gallows.</p> + +<p>In recalling these early school days it seems to me that +the rudiments of education received far more attention +then than now. Spelling was regarded as of chief importance +and due consideration was given to grammar. +There were no "frills" then, such as physical culture, +manual training and the like, and vacation lasted but +thirty days, usually during the month of August. Some +of my earliest friendships were formed at Miss Forbes's +school, many of which I have retained through a long life. +Among my companions and classmates were the Tillotsons, +Lynches, Astors, Kembles, Hamiltons, Duers, and +Livingstons.</p> + +<p>But in spite of the severe discipline of Miss Forbes's +school, her pupils occasionally engaged in current gossip. +It was in her schoolroom I first made the discovery that +this earth boasted of such valuable adjuncts to the human +family as title-bearing gentlemen, and in this particular +case it was a live Count that was brought to my notice. +Count Louis Fitzgerald Tasistro had recently arrived in +New York, and his engagement to Adelaide Lynch, a +daughter of Judge James Lynch, of an old New York +family, was soon announced. On the voyage to America +he had made the acquaintance of a son of Lord Henry +Gage of England, whose principal object in visiting this +country was to make the acquaintance of his kinsman, Mr. +Gouverneur Kemble. Through his instrumentality Tasistro +was introduced into New York's most exclusive set, and +soon became the lion of the hour. We girls discussed the +engagement and subsequent marriage of the distinguished<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_25" id="Page_25">[25]</a></span> +foreigner (<i>sub rosa</i>, of course), and to our childish vision +pictured a wonderful career for this New York girl. The +marriage, however, soon terminated unfortunately, and to +the day of his death Tasistro's origin remained a mystery. +He was an intellectual man of fine presence and skilled in +a number of foreign languages. He claimed he was a +graduate of Dublin College. Many years later, after I +had become more familiar with title-bearing foreigners, +Tasistro again crossed my path in Washington, where he +was acting as a translator in the State Department; but +after a few years, owing to an affection of the eyes, he was +obliged to give up this position, and his condition was one +of destitution. Through the instrumentality of my husband +he obtained an annuity from his son, whom, by the +way, he never knew; and for some years, in a spirit of +gratitude, taught my children French. His last literary +effort was the translation of the first two volumes of the +Comte de Paris's "History of the Civil War in America." +His devotion to my husband was pathetic, and I have frequently +heard the Count say during the last years of his +life that he never met him without some good fortune immediately +following.</p> + +<p>After Mr. Gouverneur's death I received the following +letter from Tasistro, which is so beautiful in diction that +I take pleasure in inserting it:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p class='right'><span class="smcap">Washington</span>, April 26, 1880.</p> + +<p>My dear Mrs. Gouverneur,</p> + +<p>Had I obeyed implicitly the impulses of my heart, or +been less deeply affected by the great loss which will ever +render the 5th of April a day of sad & bitter memories +to me, I should perhaps have been more expeditious in +rendering to you the poor tribute of my condolence for +the terrible bereavement which it has pleased the Supreme +Ruler of all things to afflict you with.</p> + +<p>My own particular grief in thus losing the best & most +valued friend I ever had on earth, receives additional<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_26" id="Page_26">[26]</a></span> +poignancy from the fact that, although duly impressed +with an abiding sense of the imperishable obligation, conferred +upon me by my lamented friend, I have been debarred, +by my own physical infirmities, from proffering +those services which it would have afforded me so much +consolation to perform.</p> + +<p>I should be loath, however, to start on my own journey +for that shadowy land whose dim outlines are becoming +daily more & more visible to my mental eye, without +leaving some kind of record attesting to the depth of my +appreciation of all the noble attributes which clustered +around your husband's character—of my intense & +lasting gratitude for his generous exertions in my behalf, +& my profound sympathy for you personally in this hour +of sorrow & affliction.</p> + +<p>Hoping that you may find strength adequate to the +emergency, I remain, with great respect,</p> + +<p class='indent3'>Your devoted servant,</p> + +<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">L. F. Tasistro.</span></p> +</div> + +<p>A valued friend of my father's was Dr. John W. Francis, +the "Doctor Sangrado" of this period, who, with other +practitioners of the day, believed in curing all maladies +by copious bleeding and a dose of calomel. He was the +fashionable physician of that time and especially prided +himself upon his physical resemblance to Benjamin Franklin. +He had much dramatic ability of a comic sort, and +I have often heard the opinion expressed that if he had +adopted the stage as a profession he would have rivalled +the comedian William E. Burton, who at this time was +delighting his audiences at Burton's Theater on Chambers +Street. In my early life when Dr. Francis was called to +our house professionally the favorite dose he invariably prescribed +for nearly every ailment was "calomel and jalap."</p> + +<p>One day during school hours at Miss Forbes's I was +suddenly summoned to return to my home. I soon discovered +after my arrival that I was in the presence of a tribunal +composed of my parents and Dr. Francis. I was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_27" id="Page_27">[27]</a></span> +completely at a loss to understand why I was recalled with, +what seemed to me, such undue haste, as I was entirely unconscious +of any misdemeanor. I soon discovered, however, +that I was in great trouble. It seems that a young +girl from Santa Cruz, a boarding pupil at our school, had +died of a malady known at this period as "iliac passion," +but now as appendicitis. Her attending physician was +Dr. Ralph I. Bush, a former surgeon in the British Navy, +and I soon learned to my dismay that I was accused of +having made an indiscreet remark in regard to his management +of my schoolmate's case, although to this day I +have never known exactly how Dr. Francis, as our family +physician, was involved in the affair. I stood up as bravely +as I could under a rigid cross-examination, but, alas! I +had no remembrance whatever of making any remark that +could possibly offend. At any rate, Dr. Bush had given +Dr. Francis to understand that he was ready to settle the +affair according to the approved method of the day; but +Dr. Francis was a man of peace, and had no relish for the +code. Possibly, with the reputed activity of Sir Lucius +O'Trigger, Dr. Bush had already selected his seconds, as +I have seldom seen a man more unnerved than Dr. Francis +by what proved after all to be only a trifling episode. +Soon after my trying interview, however, explanations +followed, and the two physicians amicably adjusted the +affair.</p> + +<p>It seems that this unfortunate entanglement arose from +a misunderstanding. There were two cases of illness at +Miss Forbes's school at the same time, the patient of Dr. +Bush already mentioned and another child suffering from +a broken arm whom Dr. Francis attended. He set the +limb but, as he was not proficient as a surgeon, the act +was criticized by the schoolgirls within my hearing. My +sense of loyalty to my family doctor caused me to utter +some childish remark in his defense which was possibly to +the effect that he was a great deal better doctor than Dr.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_28" id="Page_28">[28]</a></span> +Bush, who had failed to save the life of our late schoolmate. +In recalling this childish episode which caused me +so much anxiety I am surprised that such unnecessary attention +was paid to the passing remark of a mere child.</p> + +<p>Dr. Francis was as proficient in quoting wise maxims as +Benjamin Franklin, whom he was said to resemble. One +of them which I recall is the epitome of wisdom: "If +thy hand be in a lion's mouth, get it out as fast as thou +canst."</p> + +<p>I may here state, by the way, that in close proximity to +Dr. Francis's residence on Bond Street lived Dr. Eleazer +Parmly, the fashionable dentist of New York. He stood +high in public esteem and a few still living may remember +his pleasing address. He accumulated a large fortune +and I believe left many descendants.</p> + +<p>The girls at Miss Forbes's school were taught needle +work and embroidery, for in my early days no young +woman's education was regarded as complete without +these accomplishments. I quote from memory an elaborate +sampler which bore the following poetical effusion:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">What is the blooming tincture of the skin,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">To peace of mind and harmony within?<br /></span> +<span class="i0">What the bright sparkling of the finest eye<br /></span> +<span class="i0">To the soft soothing of a kind reply?<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Can comeliness of form or face so fair<br /></span> +<span class="i0">With kindliness of word or deed compare?<br /></span> +<span class="i0">No. Those at first the unwary heart may gain,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">But these, these only, can the heart retain.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>It seems remarkable that after spending months in working +such effusive lines, or others similar to them, Miss +Forbes's pupils did not become luminaries of virtue and +propriety. If they did not their failure certainly could +not be laid at the door of their preceptress.</p> + +<p>Miss Forbes personally taught the rudiments but Mr.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_29" id="Page_29">[29]</a></span> +Luther Jackson, the writing master, visited the school each +day and instructed his scholars in the Italian style of +chirography. Mr. Michael A. Gauvain taught French so +successfully that in a short time many of us were able to +place on the amateur boards a number of French plays. +Our audiences were composed chiefly of admiring parents, +who naturally viewed the performances with paternal partiality +and no doubt regarded us as incipient Rachels. I +remember as if it were only yesterday a play in which I +took one of the principal parts—"Athalie," one of Jean +Racine's plays.</p> + +<p>This mode of education was adopted in Paris by +Madame Campan, the instructor of the French nobility +as well as of royalty during the First Empire. In her +manuscript memoirs, addressed to the children of her +brother, "Citizen" Edmond Charles Genet, who was then +living in America, and of which I have an exact copy, she +dwells upon the histrionic performances by her pupils, +among whom were Queen Hortense and my husband's +aunt, Eliza Monroe, daughter of President James Monroe +and subsequently the wife of Judge George Hay of Virginia. +She gives a graphic account of the Emperor attending +one of these plays, when "Esther," one of Racine's +masterpieces, was performed.</p> + +<p>The dancing master, who, of course, was an essential +adjunct of every well regulated school, was John J. Charraud. +He was a refugee from Hayti after the revolution +in that island, and opened his dancing-school in New York +on Murray Street, but afterwards gave his "publics" in +the City Hall. He taught only the cotillion and the three-step +waltz and came to our school three times a week for +this purpose. Much attention was given to poetry, and +I still recall the first piece I committed to memory, "Pity +the Sorrows of a Poor Old Man." My father thoroughly +believed in memorizing verse, and he always liberally rewarded +me for every piece I was able to recite. I may<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_30" id="Page_30">[30]</a></span> +state, by the way, that Blair's Rhetoric was a textbook of +our school and the one which I most enjoyed.</p> + +<p>Miss Forbes had a number of medals which the girls +were allowed to wear at stated periods for proficiency in +their studies as well as for exemplary deportment. There +was one of these which was known as the "excellence +medal," and the exultant pupil upon whom it was bestowed +was allowed the privilege of wearing it for two +weeks. Upon it was inscribed the well known proverb of +Solomon, "Many daughters have done virtuously, but +thou excellest them all."</p> + +<p>Among the pleasant memories of my early life are the +dinners given by my father, when the distinguished men +of the day gathered around his hospitable board. In New +York at this time all the professional cooks and waiters +in their employ were colored men. Butlers were then unknown. +It was also before the days of <i>à la Russe</i> service, +and I remember seeing upon some of these occasions a +saddle of venison, while at the opposite end of the table +there was always a Westphalia ham. Fresh salmon was +considered a <i>pièce de résistance</i>. Many different wines +were always served, and long years later in a conversation +with Gov. William L. Marcy, who was a warm friend of +my father, he told me he was present on one of these +occasions when seven different varieties of wine were +served. I especially remember a dinner given by him in +honor of Martin Van Buren. He was Vice-President of +the United States at the time and was accompanied to New +York by John Forsyth of Georgia, a member of Jackson's +cabinet. Some of the guests invited to meet him were +Gulian C. Verplanck, Thomas Morris, John C. Hamilton, +Philip Hone and Walter Bowne. The day previous to +this dinner my father received the following note from +Mr. Van Buren:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_31" id="Page_31">[31]</a></span></p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>My dear Sir,</p> + +<p>Our friend Mr. Forsyth, is with me and you must send +him an invitation to dine with you to-morrow if, as I +suppose is the case, I am to have that honor.</p> + +<p class='indent3'>Yours truly,</p> + +<p class='indent4'> + <span class="smcap">M. Van Buren.</span><br /> +Sunday, June 9, '33.</p> + +<p>J. Campbell, Esq.</p></div> + +<p>Martin Van Buren was a political friend of my father's +from almost his earliest manhood. Two years after he +was appointed Surrogate he received the following confidential +letter from Mr. Van Buren. As will be seen, it +was before the days when he wrote in full the prefix +"Van" to his name:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'><i>Private.</i></p> + +<p>My dear Sir,</p> + +<p>Mr. Hoyt wishes me to quiet your apprehensions on +the subject of the Elector.<a name="FNanchor_2_2" id="FNanchor_2_2"></a><a href="#Footnote_2_2" class="fnanchor">[2]</a> I will state to you truly how +the matter stands. My sincere belief is that we shall +succeed; at the same time I am bound to admit that the +subject is full of difficulties. If the members were now, +and without extraneous influence, to settle the matter, +the result would be certain. But I know that uncommon +exertions have been, and are making, by the outdoor +friends of Adams & Clay to effect a co-operation of +their forces in favor of a divided ticket. Look at the +"National Journal" of the 23d, and you will find an article, +prepared with care, to make influence there. A few +months ago Mr. Adams would have revolted at such a +publication. It is the desperate situation of his affairs +that has brought him to it. The friends of Clay (allowing +Adams more strength than he may have), have no +hopes of getting him (Clay) into the house, unless they +get a part of this State. The certain decline of Adams +in other parts & the uncertainty of his strength in the +east alarm his friends on the same point. Thus both parties +are led to the adoption of desperate measures. Out +of N. England Adams has now no reason to expect more<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_32" id="Page_32">[32]</a></span> +than his three or four votes in Maryland. A partial discomfiture +in the east may therefore bring him below Mr. +Clay's western votes, & if it should appear that he (Adams) +cannot get into the house, the western votes would +go to Crawford. If nothing takes place materially to +change the present state of things, we hope to defeat their +plans here. But if you lose your Assembly ticket, there +is no telling the effect it may produce, & my chief object +in being thus particular with you is to conjure your utmost +attention to that subject. About the Governor's +election there is no sort of doubt. I am not apt to be +confident, & <i>I aver that the matter is so.</i> But it is to the +Assembly that interested men look, and the difference of +ten members will (with the information the members can +have when they come to act) be decisive in the opinion of +the present members as to the complexion of the next +house. There are <i>other points of view</i> which I cannot +now state to you, in which the result I speak of may seriously +affect the main question. Let me therefore entreat +your serious attention to this matter. <i>Be careful of this.</i> +Your city is a gossiping place, & what you tell to one man +in confidence is soon in the mouths of hundreds. You +can impress our friends on this subject without connecting +me with it. Do so.</p> + +<p class='indent3'>Your sincere friend,</p> + +<p class='indent4'> + <span class="smcap">M. V. Buren.</span><br /> +Albany, Octob. 28, 1824.<br /> +</p> + +<p>James Campbell, Esq.</p></div> + +<p>The Mr. Hoyt referred to in the opening sentence of +this letter was Jesse Hoyt, another political friend of my +father's who, under Van Buren's administration, was Collector +of the Port of New York. During my child life on +Long Island he made my father occasional visits, and in +subsequent years lived opposite us on Hubert Street. He +was the first one to furnish me with a practical illustration +of man's perfidy. As a very young child I consented +to have my ears pierced, when Mr. Hoyt volunteered to +send me a pair of coral ear-rings, but he failed to carry +out his promise. I remember reading some years ago sev<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_33" id="Page_33">[33]</a></span>eral +letters addressed to Hoyt by "Prince" John Van +Buren which he begins with "Dear Jessica."</p> + +<p>Table appointments at this time were most simple and +unostentatious. Wine coolers were found in every well +regulated house, but floral decorations were seldom seen. +At my father's dinners, given upon special occasions, +the handsome old silver was always used, much of which +formerly belonged to my mother's family. The forks and +spoons were of heavy beaten silver, and the knives were +made of steel and had ivory handles. Ice cream was always +the dessert, served in tall pyramids, and the universal +flavor was vanilla taken directly from the bean, as +prepared extracts were then unknown. I have no recollection +of seeing ice water served upon any well-appointed +table, as modern facilities for keeping it had yet to appear, +and cold water could always be procured from +pumps on the premises. The castors, now almost obsolete, +containing the usual condiments, were <i>de rigueur</i>; while +the linen used in our home was imported from Ireland, +and in some cases bore the coat of arms of the United +States with its motto, "<i>E Pluribus Unum</i>." My father's +table accommodated twenty persons and the dinner hour +was three o'clock. These social functions frequently +lasted a number of hours, and when it became necessary +the table was lighted by lamps containing sperm oil and +candles in candelabra. These were the days when men +wore ruffled shirt fronts and high boots.</p> + +<p>I still have in my possession an acceptance from William +B. Astor, son of John Jacob Astor, to a dinner given +by my father, written upon very small note paper and +folded in the usual style of the day:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Mr. W. Astor will do himself the honor to dine with +Mr. Campbell to-day agreeable to his polite invitation.</p> + +<p>May 28th.</p> + +<p> +James Campbell Esq.<br /> + Hubert Street.</p> +</div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_34" id="Page_34">[34]</a></span></p> + +<p>I well remember a stag dinner given by my father when +I was a child at which one of the guests was Philip Hone, +one of the most efficient and energetic Mayors the City of +New York has ever had. He is best known to-day by his +remarkable diary, edited by Bayard Tuckerman, which is +a veritable storehouse of events relating to the contemporary +history of the city. Mr. Hone had a fine presence +with much elegance of manner, and was truly one of +nature's noblemen. Many years ago Arent Schuyler de +Peyster, to whom I am indebted for many traditions of +early New York society, told me that upon one occasion +a conversation occurred between Philip Hone and his +brother John, a successful auctioneer, in which the latter +advocated their adoption of a coat of arms. Philip's response +was characteristic of the man: "I will have no +arms except those Almighty God has given me."</p> + +<p>In this connection, and <i>àpropos</i> of heraldic designs and +their accompaniments, I have been informed that the Hon. +Daniel Manning, Cleveland's Secretary of the Treasury, +used upon certain of his cards of invitation a crest with +the motto, "Aquila non capit muscas" ("The eagle does +not catch flies"). This brings to my mind the following +anecdote from a dictionary of quotations translated into +English in 1826 by D. N. McDonnel: "Casti, an Italian +poet who fled from Russia on account of having written +a scurrilous poem in which he made severe animadversions +on the Czarina and some of her favorites, took refuge in +Austria. Joseph II. upon coming in contact with him +asked him whether he was not afraid of being punished +there, as well as in Russia, for having insulted his high +friend and ally. The bard's steady reply was 'Aquila non +capit muscas.'" Sir Francis Bacon, however, was the +first in the race, as long before either Manning or Casti +were born he made use of these exact words in his "Jurisdiction +of the Marshes."</p> + +<p>In my early days John H. Contoit kept an ice cream<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_35" id="Page_35">[35]</a></span> +garden on Broadway near White Street, and it was the +first establishment of this kind, as far as I know, in New +York. During the summer months it was a favorite resort +for many who sought a cool place and pleasant society, +where they might eat ice cream under shady vines +and ornamental lattice work. The ice cream was served +in high glasses, and the price paid for it was twelve and +one-half cents. Nickles and dimes were of course unknown, +but the Mexican shilling, equivalent to twelve and +one-half cents, and the quarter of a dollar, also Mexican, +were in circulation.</p> + +<p>There were no such places as lunchrooms and tearooms +in my early days, and the only restaurant of respectability +was George W. Browne's "eating house," which was +largely frequented by New Yorkers. The proprietor had +a very pretty daughter, Mrs. Coles, who was brought +prominently before the public in the summer of 1841 as +the heroine of an altercation between August Belmont +and Edward Heyward, a prominent South Carolinian, followed +by a duel in Maryland in which Belmont is said to +have been so seriously wounded as to retain the scars until +his death.</p> + +<p>Alexander T. Stewart's store, corner of Broadway and +Chambers Street, was the fashionable dry goods emporium, +and for many years was without a conspicuous rival. William +I. Tenney, Horace Hinsdale, Henry Gelston, and +Frederick and Henry G. Marquand were jewelers. Tenney's +store was on Broadway near Murray Street; Gelston's +was under the Astor House on the corner of +Barclay Street and Broadway; Hinsdale's was on the east +side of Broadway and Cortlandt Street; and the Marquands +were on the west side of Broadway between Cortlandt +and Dey Streets.</p> + +<p>James Leary bore the palm in New York as the fashionable +hatter, and his shop was on Broadway under the +Astor House. As was usual then with his craft, he kept<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_36" id="Page_36">[36]</a></span> +individual blocks for those of his customers who had heads +of unusual dimensions. In his show window he sometimes +exhibited a block of remarkable size which was +adapted to fit the heads of a distinguished trio, Daniel +Webster, General James Watson Webb, and Charles Augustus +Davis. Miss Anna Leary of Newport, his daughter +and a devout Roman Catholic, received the title of +Countess from the Pope.</p> + +<p>The most prominent hostelry in New York before the +days of the Astor House was the City Hotel on lower +Broadway. I have been informed that the site upon +which it stood still belongs to representatives of the Boreel +family, descendants of the first John Jacob Astor. Another, +but of a later period, was the American Hotel on +Broadway near the Astor House. It was originally the +town house of John C. Vanden Heuvel, a member of one +of New York's most exclusive families. Upon Mr. Vanden +Heuvel's death this house passed into the possession +of his son-in-law, John C. Hamilton, who changed it into +a hotel. Its proprietor was William B. Cozzens, who was +so long and favorably known as a hotel proprietor. At +this same time he had charge of the only hotel at West +Point, and it was named after him. If any army officers +survive who were cadets during Cozzens's <i>régime</i> they will +recall with pleasure his kindly bearing and attractive +manner. Mr. Vanden Heuvel's country residence was in +the vicinity of Ninetieth Street overlooking the Hudson +River. His other daughters were Susan Annette, who +married Mr. Thomas S. Gibbes of South Carolina, and +Justine, who became the wife of Gouverneur S. Bibby, a +cousin of my husband.</p> + +<p>As I first remember Union Square it was in the outskirts +of the city. Several handsome houses had a few +years previously been erected there by James F. Penniman, +the son-in-law of Mr. Samuel Judd, the latter of +whom amassed a large fortune by the manufacture and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_37" id="Page_37">[37]</a></span> +sale of oil and candles. Miss Lydia Kane, a sister of the +elder De Lancey Kane and a noted wit of the day, upon +a certain occasion was showing some strangers the sights +of New York, and in passing these houses was asked by +whom they were occupied. "That one," she responded, +indicating the one in which the Pennimans themselves +lived, "is occupied by one of the <i>illuminati</i> of the city."</p> + +<p>Robert L. Stuart and his brother Alexander were proprietors +of a large candy store on the corner of Chambers +and Greenwich Streets, under the firm name of R. L. & +A. Stuart. Their establishment was a favorite resort of +the children of the day, who were as much addicted to +sweets as are their more recent successors. "Broken +candy" was a specialty of this firm, and was sold at a very +low price. Alexander Stuart frequently waited upon customers, +and as a child I have often chattered with him +over the counter. He never married.</p> + +<p>The principal markets were Washington on the North +River, and Fulton on the east side. The marketing was +always done by the mistress of each house accompanied +by a servant bearing a large basket. During the season +small girls carried strawberries from door to door, calling +out as they went along; and during the summer months +hot corn, carried in closed receptacles made for the purpose, +was sold by colored men, whose cries could be heard +in every part of the city.</p> + +<p>Mrs. Isaac Sayre's bakery was an important shop for +all housewives, and her homemade jumbles and pound +cake were in great demand. Her plum cake, too, was +exceptionally good, and it is an interesting fact that it +was she who introduced cake in boxes for weddings. Her +shop survived for an extraordinary number of years and, +as far as I know, may still exist and be kept by some of +her descendants.</p> + +<p>I must not omit to speak of a peculiar custom which in +this day of grace, when there are no longer any old women,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_38" id="Page_38">[38]</a></span> +seems rather odd. A woman immediately after her marriage +wore a cap made of some light material, which she +invariably tied with strings under her chin. Most older +women were horrified at the thought of gray hairs, and +immediately following their appearance false fronts were +purchased, over which caps were worn. I well recall that +some of the most prominent women of the day concealed +fine heads of hair in this grotesque fashion. Baldheaded +men were not tolerated, and "scratches" or wigs provided +the remedy. Marriage announcements were decidedly informal. +When the proper time arrived for the world to +be taken into the confidence of a young couple, they walked +upon Broadway arm in arm, thus announcing that their +marriage was imminent.</p> + +<p>A dinner given in my young days by my parents to +Mr. and Mrs. William C. Rives still lingers in my memory. +Mr. Rives had just been appointed to his second +mission to France, and with his wife was upon the eve of +sailing for his new post of duty. I remember that it was +a large entertainment, but the only guests whom I recall +in addition to the guests of honor were Mr. and Mrs. +James A. Hamilton. He was a son of Alexander Hamilton, +and was at the time United States District Attorney +in New York. It seems strange, indeed, that the other +guests should have escaped my memory, but a head-dress +worn by Mrs. Hamilton struck my young fancy and I +have never forgotten it. As I recall that occasion I can +see her handsome face surmounted by a huge fluffy pink +cap. This Mr. and Mrs. Hamilton were the parents of +Alexander Hamilton, the third, who married Angelica, +daughter of Maturin Livingston, and who, by the way, as +I remember, was one of the most graceful dancers and +noted belles of her day.</p> + +<p>Thomas Morris, son of Robert Morris the great financier +of the Revolution, was my father's life-long friend. +He was an able <i>raconteur</i>, and I recall many conversa<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_39" id="Page_39">[39]</a></span>tions +relating to his early life, a portion of which had +been spent in Paris at its celebrated Polytechnic School. +One incident connected with his career is especially interesting. +When the sordid Louis Philippe, then the +Duke of Orleans, was wandering in this country, teaching +in his native tongue "the young idea how to shoot," he +was the guest for a time of Mr. Morris. Several years +later when John Greig, a Scotchman and prominent +citizen of Canandaigua, New York, was about to sail for +France, Mr. Morris gave him a letter of introduction to +the Duke. Upon his arrival in Havre after a lengthy +voyage he found much to his surprise that Louis Philippe +was comfortably seated upon the throne of France. +Under these altered conditions he hesitated to present +his letter, but after mature consideration sought an +audience with the new King; and it is a pleasing commentary +upon human nature to add that he was welcomed +with open arms. The King had by no means forgotten +the hospitality he had received in America, and especially +the many favors extended by the Morris family. Mr. +Morris's wife was Miss Sarah Kane, daughter of Colonel +John Kane, and she was beautiful even in her declining +years. She also possessed the wit so characteristic of the +Kanes, who, by the way, were of Celtic origin, being descended +from John Kane who came from Ireland in 1752. +She was the aunt of the first De Lancey Kane, who married +the pretty Louisa Langdon, the granddaughter of +John Jacob Astor. Their daughter, Emily Morris, made +frequent visits to our house. She was renowned for both +beauty and wit. I remember seeing several verses addressed +to her, the only lines of which I recall are as follows:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">That calm collected look,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">As though her pulses beat by book.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>Another intimate friend of my father was Frederick +de Peyster, who at a later day became President of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_40" id="Page_40">[40]</a></span> +New York Historical Society. He habitually took Sunday +tea with us, and always received a warm welcome +from the juvenile members of the family with whom he +was a great favorite. He was devoted to children, and +delighted our young hearts by occasional presents of game-chickens +which at once became family pets.</p> + +<p>In 1823 and 1824 my father's sympathies were deeply +enlisted in behalf of the Greeks in their struggles for independence +from the Turkish rule. It will be remembered +that this was the cause to which Byron devoted his +last energies. The public sentiment of the whole country +was aroused to a high pitch of excitement, and meetings +were held not only for the purpose of lending moral support +and encouragement to the Greeks, but also for raising +funds for their assistance. Among those to whom my +father appealed was his friend, Rudolph Bunner, a highly +prominent citizen of Oswego, N.Y. Although a lawyer +he did not practice his profession, but devoted himself +chiefly to his extensive landed estates in Oswego county. +He was wealthy and generous, a good liver and an eloquent +political speaker. He served one term in Congress +where, as elsewhere, he was regarded as a man of decided +ability. He died about 1833 at the age of nearly seventy. +The distinguished New York lawyer, John Duer, married +his daughter Anne, by whom he had thirteen children, +one of whom, Anna Henrietta, married the late Pierre +Paris Irving, a nephew of Washington Irving and at one +time rector of the Episcopal church at New Brighton, +Staten Island. Mr. Bunner's letter in response to my +father's appeal is not devoid of interest, and is as follows:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p class='right'><span class="smcap">Oswego</span>, 12 Jan'y 1824.</p> + +<p>My dear Sir,</p> + +<p>Though I have not written to you yet you were not so +soon forgotten. Nor can you so easily be erased from my +memory as my negligence might seem to imply. In truth<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_41" id="Page_41">[41]</a></span> +few persons have impressed my mind with a deeper sentiment +of respect than yourself; you have that of open +and frank in your character which if not in my own, is +yet so congenial to my feelings that I shall much regret +if my habitual indolence can lose me such a friend. Your +request in favor of the Greeks will be hard to comply +with. If I can be a contributor in a humble way to their +success by my exertions here they shall not want them, +but I fear the <i>angusta res domi</i> may press too heavily +upon us to permit of an effectual benevolence. If you +wanted five hundred men six feet high with sinewy arms +and case hardened constitutions, bold spirits and daring +adventurers who would travel upon a bushel of corn and +a gallon of whiskey per man from the extreme point of +the world to Constantinople we could furnish you with +them, but I doubt whether they could raise the money to +pay their passage from the gut of Gibraltar upwards. +The effort however shall be made and if we can not shew +ourselves rich we will at least manifest our good will. +Though Greece touches few Yankee settlers thro the medium +of classical associations yet a people struggling to +free themselves from foreign bondage is sure to find warm +hearts in every native of the wilderness. We admire +your noble efforts and if we do not imitate you it is because +our purses are as empty as a Boetian's skull is +thick. We know so little of what is <i>really</i> projecting in +the cabinets of Europe that we are obliged to believe implicitly +in newspaper reports, and we are perhaps foolish +in hoping that the Holy Alliance intends to take the Spanish +part of the New World under their protection. In +such an event our backwoodsmen would spring with the +activity of squirrels to the assistance of the regenerated +Spaniards and perhaps <i>there</i> we might fight more effectually +the battle for universal Freedom than either at +Thermopylæ or Marathon. There indeed we might strike +a blow that would break up the deep foundations of despotic +power so as that neither art or force could again +collect and cement the scattered elements. We are too +distant from Greece to make the Turks feel our physical<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_42" id="Page_42">[42]</a></span> +strength and what we can do thro money and sympathy +is little in comparison with what we could if they were +so near as that we might in addition pour out the tide of +an armed northern population to sweep their shores and +overcome the tyrants like one of their pestilential winds. +Nevertheless, sympathy is a wonderful power and the +sympathy of a free nation like our own will not lose its +moral effect. I calculate strongly on this. It is a more +refined and rational kind of chivalry—this interest and +activity in the fate of nations struggling to break the oppressor's +rod, and it should be encouraged even where it +is not directed so as to give it all adequate force. They +who would chill it, who would reason about the why and +the wherefore ought to recollect that such things can not +be called forth by the art of man—they must burst spontaneously +from his nature and be directed by his wisdom +for the benefit of his kind.... We are all here real +Radical Democrats and though some of us came in at the +eleventh hour we will not go back, but on—on—on though +certain of missing the penny fee. In truth this is the +difference between real conviction and the calculating +policy which takes sides according to what it conceives +the vantage ground. A converted politician is as obstinate +in his belief as one born in the faith. The man of +craft changes his position according to the varying aspect +of the political heavens. The one plays a game—the +other sees as much of reality (or thinks he sees) in +politicks as he does in his domestic affairs and is as earnest +in the one as the other.</p> + +<p class='indent3'>Salve—<span class='correction' title='Kai Chaire'>Καὶ Χαῖρε</span></p> + +<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">R. Bunner</span>.</p> + + +<p>8 o'clock.</p> + +<p>I have had a full meeting for your Greeks—and found +my men of more mettle than I hoped for. We will do +something thro the <i>Country</i>—We have set the Parsons +to work and one shilling a head will make a good donation. +We think we can give you 4 or 5 hundred +dollars.</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_43" id="Page_43">[43]</a></span></p> + +<p>Mr. Bunner was over sixty years old when he went to +live in Oswego, but he soon became identified with the +interests of the place and added much by his activities to +its local renown. In an undated letter to my father, he +thus expatiates upon his situation in his adopted home, +and paints its advantages in no uncertain colors:—</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>I am here unquestionably an exile but I will never dispond +at my fate nor whimper because my own folly, want +of tact or the very malice of the times have placed me in +Patmos when I desire a more splendid theatre. I can +here be useful to my family—to my district. I can live +cheaply, increase my fortune, be upon a par with the +best of my neighbors, which I prefer to the feasts of your +ostentatious mayor or the more real luxury of Phil Brasher's +Table. Our population is small, our society contracted, +but we are growing rapidly in numbers; and the +society we have is in my opinion and to my taste fully +equal to anything in your home. We possess men of intelligence +without pretention, active men as Jacob Barker +without his roguery—men whom nature intended to flourish +at St. James, but whose fate fortune in some fit of +prolifick humor fixed and nailed to this Sinope. We have +however to mitigate the cold spring breezes of the lake a +fall unrivalled in mildness and in beauty even in Italy, +the land of poetry and passion. We have a whole lake +in front, whose clear blue waters are without a parallel +in Europe. We have a beautiful river brawling at our +feet, the banks of which gently slope and when our village +is filled I will venture to say that in point of beauty, +health and variety of prospect it has <i>nil simile aut +secundum</i>.</p></div> + +<p>Our house was the rendezvous of many of the learned +and literary men of the day, who would sit for hours in +the library discussing congenial topics. Among others I +well recall the celebrated jurist, Ogden Hoffman. He had +an exceptionally melodious voice, and I have often heard<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_44" id="Page_44">[44]</a></span> +him called "the silver-tongued orator." It has been asserted +that in criminal cases a jury was rarely known to +withstand his appeal. He married for his second wife +Virginia E. Southard, a daughter of Judge Samuel L. +Southard of New Jersey, who throughout Monroe's two +administrations was Secretary of War. In the "Wealthy +Citizens of New York," edited in 1845 by Moses Y. Beach, +an early owner in part of <i>The New York Sun</i>, the Hoffman +family is thus described: "Few families, for so few +a number of persons as compose it, have cut 'a larger +swath' or 'bigger figure' in the way of posts and preferment. +Talent, and also public service rendered, martial +gallantry, poetry, judicial acumen, oratory, all have their +lustre mingled with this name." I regard this statement +as just and truthful.</p> + +<p>Still another valued associate of my father was Hugh +Maxwell, a prominent member of the New York bar. In +his earlier life he was District Attorney and later Collector +of the Port of New York. The Maxwells owned a pleasant +summer residence at Nyack-on-the-Hudson, where we +as children made occasional visits. Many years later one +of my daughters formed an intimate friendship with Hugh +Maxwell's granddaughter, Virginia De Lancey Kearny, +subsequently Mrs. Ridgely Hunt, which terminated only +with the latter's death in 1897.</p> + +<p>From my earliest childhood Gulian C. Verplanck was +a frequent guest at our house. He and my father formed +an intimacy in early manhood which lasted throughout +life. Mr. Verplanck was graduated from Columbia College +in 1801, the youngest Bachelor of Arts who, up to +that time, had received a diploma from that institution of +learning. Both he and my father found in politics an all-absorbing +topic of conversation, especially as both of them +took an active part in state affairs. I have many letters, +one of them written as early as 1822, from Mr. Verplanck +to my father bearing upon political matters in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_45" id="Page_45">[45]</a></span> +New York. For four terms he represented his district in +Congress, while later he served in the State Senate and +for many years was Vice Chancellor of the University of +the State of New York. He was an ardent Episcopalian +and a vestryman in old Trinity Parish. He was a brilliant +conversationalist, and his tastes, like my father's, +were decidedly literary. In connection with William Cullen +Bryant and Robert C. Sands, he edited <i>The Talisman</i>, +an annual which continued through the year 1827. Mr. +Verplanck lived to an old age and survived my father for +a long time, but he did not forget his old friend. Almost +a score of years after my father's death, on the 4th of +July, 1867, Mr. Verplanck delivered a scholarly oration +before the Tammany Society of New York, in which he +paid the following glowing tribute to his memory:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>In those days James Campbell, for many years the Surrogate +of this city, was a powerful leader at Tammany +Hall, and from character and mind alone, without any +effort or any act of popularity. He was not college-bred, +but he was the son of a learned father, old Malcolm +Campbell, who had been trained at Aberdeen, the great +school of Scotch Latinity. James Campbell was, like his +father, a good classical scholar, and he was a sound lawyer. +He was not only an assiduous, a kind, sound and +just magistrate, but one of unquestioned ability. In his +days of Surrogateship, the days of universal reporting, +either in the multitudinous volumes in white law bindings +on the shelves of lawyers, or in the crowded columns +of the daily papers, had not quite arrived though they +were just at hand. Had he lived and held office a few +years later, I do not doubt that he would have ranked +with the great luminaries of legal science. As it is, I +fear that James Campbell's reputation must share the +fate of the reputations of many able and eminent men in +all professions who can not</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i7">Look to Time's award,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Feeble tradition is their memory's guard.<br /></span> +</div></div></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_46" id="Page_46">[46]</a></span></p> + +<p>The most prominent newspaper in New York in my +early days was the <i>Courier and Enquirer</i>, edited by General +James Watson Webb, a man of distinguished ability. +He began his literary career by editing the <i>Morning +Courier</i>, but as this was not a very successful venture he +purchased the <i>New York Enquirer</i> from Mordecai Manasseh +Noah, and in 1829 merged the two papers. Several +leading journalists began their active careers in his +office, among others James Gordon Bennett, subsequently +editor of <i>The New York Herald</i>, Henry J. Raymond, the +founder of <i>The New York Times</i>, and Charles King, father +of Madam Kate King Waddington and Mrs. Eugene +Schuyler, who at one time edited <i>The American</i> and subsequently +became the honored president of Columbia College. +James Reed Spaulding, a New Englander by birth, +was also connected with the <i>Courier and Enquirer</i> for +about ten years. In 1860 he became a member of the +staff of the New York <i>World</i>, which, by the way, was +originally intended to be a semi-religious sheet. During +President Lincoln's administration General Webb sold the +<i>Courier and Enquirer</i> to the <i>World</i>, and the two papers +were consolidated. William Seward Webb of New York +was a son of this General Webb, and the latter's daughter, +Mrs. Catharine Louisa Benton, the widow of Colonel +James G. Benton of the army, lived until recently in +Washington, and is one of the pleasant reminders left me +of the old days of my New York life.</p> + +<p><i>The New York Herald</i> was established some years after +the <i>Courier and Enquirer</i> and was from the first a flourishing +sheet. It was exceptionally spicy, and it dealt so +much in personalities that my father, who was a gentleman +of the old school with very conservative views, was +not, to say the least, one of its strongest admirers. Several +years before the Civil War, at a time when the anti-slavery +cauldron was at its boiling point, its editor, the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_47" id="Page_47">[47]</a></span> +elder James Gordon Bennett, dubbed its three journalistic +contemporaries in New York, the World, the Flesh, and +the Devil—the <i>World</i>, representing human life with all +its pomps and vanities; the <i>Times</i>, as a sheet as vacillating +as the flesh; and the <i>Tribune</i>, as the virulent champion of +abolition, the counterpart of the Devil himself.</p> + +<p>During the winter of 1842 James Gordon Bennett took +his bride, who was Miss Henrietta Agnes Crean of New +York, to Washington on their wedding journey. As this +season had been unusually severe, great distress prevailed, +and a number of society women organized a charity ball +for the relief of the destitute. It was given under the +patronage of Mrs. Madison (the ex-President's widow), +Mrs. Samuel L. Gouverneur (my husband's mother), Mrs. +Benjamin Ogle Tayloe (Julia Maria Dickinson of Troy, +New York), and other society matrons, and, as can readily +be understood, was a financial as well as a social success. +Tickets were eagerly sought, and Mr. Bennett applied for +them for his wife and himself. At first he was refused, +but after further consideration Mrs. Madison and Mrs. +Gouverneur of the committee upon invitations granted his +request on condition that no mention of the ball should +appear in the columns of the <i>Herald</i>. Mr. Bennett and +his wife accordingly attended the entertainment, where +the latter was much admired and danced to her heart's +content. Two days later, however, much to the chagrin +and indignation of the managers, an extended account of +the ball appeared in the <i>Herald</i>. This incident will be +better appreciated when I state that at this time the personal +mention of a woman in a newspaper was an unheard-of +liberty. It was the old-fashioned idea that a woman's +name should occur but twice in print, first upon the occasion +of her marriage and subsequently upon the announcement +of her death. My husband once remarked to me, +upon reading a description of a dress worn by one of my<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_48" id="Page_48">[48]</a></span> +daughters at a ball, that if such a notice had appeared in +a newspaper in connection with his sister he or his father +would have thrashed the editor.</p> + +<p>John L. O'Sullivan, a prominent literary man and in +subsequent years minister to Portugal, edited a periodical +called the <i>Democratic Review</i>, which was published in +magazine form. I well recall the first appearance of +<i>Harper's Magazine</i> in June, 1850, and that for some time +it had but few illustrations. <i>The Evening</i> Post was established +in 1801, many years prior to the <i>Courier and +Enquirer</i>. It was always widely read, was democratic in +its tone, and its editorials were highly regarded. While +I lived in New York, and also much later, it was edited +by William Cullen Bryant, who was as gifted as an editor +as he was as a poet. I have before me now a reprint of +the first issue of this paper, dated Monday, November 16, +1801. I copy some of the advertisements, as many old +New York names are represented:</p> + +<div class='blockquot2'> +<p class='center'>FOR SALE BY HOFFMAN & SETON</p> + +<p> +Twelve hhds. assorted Glass Ware.<br /> +2 boxes Listadoes,<br /> +1 trunk white Kid Gloves,<br /> +200 boxes Soap & Candles,<br /> +60 bales Cinnamon, entitled to drawback.<br /> +Nov. 16.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p class='center'>FREIGHT</p> + +<p>For Copenhagen or Hamburgh,<br /> +The bark BERKKESKOW, Capt.<br /> +Gubriel Tothammer, is ready to receive<br /> +freight for either of the above places, if application<br /> +is made to the Captain on board, at Gouverneur's<br /> +Wharf.</p> + +<p class='center'>GOUVERNEUR & KEMBLE.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_49" id="Page_49">[49]</a></span></p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p class='center'>FOR SALE</p> + +<p>Gin in pipes; large and small green Bottle<br /> +Cases, complete; Glass Ware, consisting of<br /> +Tumblers, Decanters, &c.; Hair Brushes, long and<br /> +short; black and blue Dutch Cloth; Flour, by</p> + +<p class='center'>FREDERICK DE PEYSTER.</p> + +<p>A STORE HOUSE in Broad-street to let, apply<br /> +as above. Nov. 16.</p> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<p>THE SUBSCRIBER has for sale, remaining from<br /> +the cargo of the ship Sarson, from Calcutta,<br /> +an assortment of WHITE PIECE GOODS.</p> + +<p>Also</p> + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="4" summary="For Sale"> +<tr><td align='left'>50 tierces Rice,</td><td align='left'>60 hhds. Jamaica Rum,</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>15 bales Sea-Island Cotton,</td><td align='left'>10,000 Pieces White Nankeens,</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>29 tierces and 34 bls. Jamaica Coffee,</td><td align='left'>A quantity of Large Bottles in cases,</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'></td><td align='left'>And as usual, Old<br /> Madeira Wine, fit for immediate use.</td></tr> +</table></div> +<p class='right'>ROBERT LENOX.</p> +</div> + +<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_2_2" id="Footnote_2_2"></a><a href="#FNanchor_2_2"><span class="label">[2]</span></a> Possibly this word is "Election."</p></div> +</div> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_50" id="Page_50">[50]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER III</h2> + +<h3>SCHOOL-DAYS AND EARLY FRIENDS</h3> + + +<p>I must return to my school days. After several years +spent at Miss Forbes's my parents decided to afford +me greater advantages for study, and especially for +becoming more proficient in the French language, and I +was accordingly sent to Madame Eloise Chegaray's institution, +which for many years was regarded as the most +prominent girls' school in the country. It was a large +establishment located on the corner of Houston and Mulberry +Streets, where she accommodated boarding pupils +as well as day scholars. Many years later this building +was sold to the religious order of the <i>Sacre Coeur</i>. The +school hours were from nine until three, with an intermission +at twelve o'clock. The vacation, as at Miss Forbes's, +was limited to the month of August. The discipline was +not so rigid as at Miss Forbes's, as Madame Chegaray, +who, by the way, taught her pupils to address her as +<i>Tante</i>, governed almost entirely by affection. She possessed +unusual grace of manner and great kindness of +heart, and her few surviving pupils hold her name and +memory in the highest esteem. Her early history is of +exceptional interest. She was a daughter of Pierre Prosper +Désabaye, and came with her father and the other +members of his family from Paris to New York on account +of his straitened circumstances, caused by an insurrection +in San Domingo, where his family owned large estates. +Madame Chegaray commenced as a mere girl to teach +French in a school in New Brunswick, New Jersey, kept by +Miss Sophie Hay, and was retained on account of the extreme +purity of her accent.</p> + +<p>I chance to have in my possession Madame Chegaray's<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_51" id="Page_51">[51]</a></span> +own account of her early struggles after leaving Miss Hay, +from which I take great pleasure in quoting:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Among the royal <i>émigrés</i> to this country was the Countess +de St. Memin who kept a school. As my brother +Marc had removed to New York we joined him and I was +employed as French governess in the school of Mademoiselle +de St. Memin. But I still knew nothing but to speak +my own native tongue. One day I was bewailing my +ignorance in the presence of M. Felix de Beaujour, Consul +General of France to this country.</p> + +<p>"Mlle. Eloise," he said, "quand on sait lire on peut +toujours s'istruire."</p> + +<p>This gave me a new thought. I set seriously about +studying. I took classes. What I was to teach on the +morrow I studied the night before. I worked early and +late. With the return of Louis Philippe the St. Memins +returned to France and I became a teacher in the +school of Madame Nau. Here I studied and taught. On +me fell all the burden of the school while Madame Nau +amused herself with harp and piano. For this I had only +$150 a year. To further assist my family I knit woolen +jackets. They were a great deal of trouble to me and I +was very grateful to Madame Isaac Iselin, the mother of +Mr. Adrain Iselin, who always found purchasers to give +me excellent prices. Ah, I was young then. I thought +that I earned that money. Now I know that it was only +her delicate manner of doing me a service. Madame Iselin +bought my jackets and then gave them away.</p> + +<p>Feeling that I was worth much to Madame Nau, and +that I must do more to relieve my brother Marc, my +brother Gustave having gone to sea with Captain de +Peyster, I begged Madame Nau to give me $250. This +she refused. Her reply, "Me navra le coeur," overwhelmed +me. It was Saturday. I started home in great +distress and met on the way the dear admirable Miss +Sophy Hay to whom I told my sorrow.</p> + +<p>"Miss Hay," I exclaimed, "I will open a school for +myself." She tapped me on the forehead. "Do, dear +Eloise, and God will help you."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_52" id="Page_52">[52]</a></span></p> + +<p>How all difficulties were smoothed away! The dear +Madame Iselin took charge of all my purchases, advancing +the money. They were very simple, those splint chairs +and carpets and tables, for we were simpler-minded then. +On the 1st of May 1814 I opened my school on Greenwich +Street with sixteen pupils. Good M. Roulet gave +me his two wards. I received several scholars from a +convent just closed and I had my nieces Améline and +Laura Bérault de St. Maurice and Clara the daughter of +Marc [Désabaye], who afterward married Ponty Lemoine, +the lawyer in whose office Charles O'Conor studied. +Thus was my school started, and I take this occasion +to express my gratitude to those who confided in so young +an instructress—for I was only twenty-two—the education +of their daughters, and I pray God to bless them and +their country....</p></div> + +<p>Many well-known women were educated at this school, +and one of the first pupils was Miss Sarah Morris, the +granddaughter of Lewis Morris, the Signer, and the +mother of the senior Mrs. Hamilton Fish. A younger +sister of Mrs. Fish, Christine, who many years later was +a pupil of Madame Chegaray, and who is now Mrs. William +Preston Griffin of New York, ministered to Madame +Chegaray in her last illness, and told me that her parting +words to her were, "<i>Adieu, chère Christine, fidèle amie.</i>" +In spite of her extreme youth Madame Chegaray took an +exceptionally serious view of life, even refusing to wear +flowers in her bonnets or to sing, although she had a very +sweet voice. She dearly loved France, but she was a +broad-minded woman and her knowledge of American +affairs was as great as that of her own country. She +rounded out nearly a century of life, the greater part of +which was devoted to others, and I pay her the highest +tribute in my power when I say that she faced the many +vicissitudes of life with an undaunted spirit, and bequeathed +to her numerous pupils the inestimable boon of +a wonderful example.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_53" id="Page_53">[53]</a></span></p> + +<p>All the teachers in Madame Chegaray's school were +men, with the single exception of Mrs. Joseph McKee, the +wife of a Presbyterian clergyman. Among those who +taught were John Bigelow, who is still living in New +York at an advanced age, and who in subsequent years +was Secretary of State of New York and our Minister to +France; Thatcher T. Payne; Edward G. Andrew, who +became in the course of years a Bishop in the Methodist +Church; Professor Robert Adrain, who taught mathematics, +and who at the same time was one of the faculty of +Columbia College; and Lorenzo L. da Ponte. The latter +was a man of unusual versatility, and was especially distinguished +as a linguist. He taught us English literature +in such a successful manner that we regarded that study +merely as a recreation. Mr. da Ponte was a son of Lorenzo +da Ponte, a Venitian of great learning, who after +coming to this country rendered such conspicuous services +in connection with Dominick Lynch in establishing Italian +opera in New York. He was also a professor of Italian +for many years in Columbia College, the author of a +book of sonnets, several works relating to the Italian +language and of his own life, which was published in +three volumes. Mr. Samuel Ward, a noted character of +the day, the brother of Mrs. Julia Ward Howe and who +married Emily Astor, daughter of William B. Astor, +wrote an interesting memoir of him. Madame Chegaray +taught the highest classes in French. "If I had to give +up all books but two," she was fond of saying, "I would +choose the Gospels and La Fontaine's Fables. In one +you have everything necessary for your spiritual life; in +the other you have the epitome of all worldly wisdom."</p> + +<p>When I entered Madame Chegaray's school she had +about a hundred pupils, a large number of whom were +from the Southern States. How well I remember the extreme +loyalty of the Southern girls to their native soil! +I can close my eyes and read the opening sentence of a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_54" id="Page_54">[54]</a></span> +composition written by one of my comrades, Elodie Toutant, +a sister of General Pierre G. T. Beauregard of the +Confederate Army—"The South, the South, the beautiful +South, the garden spot of the United States." This +chivalric devotion to the soil whence they sprang apparently +was literally breathed into my Southern school companions +from the very beginning of their lives. Their +loyalty possessed a fascination for me, and although I +was born, reared and educated in a Northern State, I had +a tender feeling for the South, which still lingers with +me, for most of the friendships I formed at Madame Chegaray's +were with Southern girls.</p> + +<p>My first day at Madame Chegaray's, like many other +beginnings, was something of an ordeal, but it was my +good fortune to meet almost immediately Henrietta +Croom, a daughter of Henry B. Croom, a celebrated botanist +of North Carolina, but who, with his family, had +spent much of his life in Tallahassee. Many are the +pleasant hours we spent together, but to my sorrow she +graduated at an early age, and a few months later embarked, +in company with her parents, a younger brother +and sister and an aunt, Mrs. Cammack, upon a vessel +called the <i>Home</i> for Charleston, South Carolina, where +they had planned to make their future residence. When +they had been several days at sea their vessel encountered +a severe storm off Cape Hatteras, and after a brave struggle +with the terrific elements every member of the family +sank with the ship within a few miles of the spot where +the Crooms had formerly lived. This occurred on the 9th +of October, 1836. They had as fellow voyagers a brother +of Madame Chegaray, who, with his wife and three +children, had only just left the school to make the voyage +to Charleston. They, too, lost their lives. Over Madame +Chegaray's school as well as her household at once hung +a pall, and gloom and mourning prevailed on every side; +indeed, the whole city of New York shared in our sorrow.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_55" id="Page_55">[55]</a></span> +The newspapers of the day were filled with accounts of +this direful disaster, but there were few survivors to tell +the tale. My late playmate, Henrietta Croom, was one +of the most popular girls at school, possessing great attractions +of both mind and person, and, although at the +time she was merely a child in years, the New Year's address +of a prominent daily newspaper of the day contained +an extended reference to her which strongly appealed +to my grief-stricken fancy. Though more than +sixty years have passed I have always preserved it with +great care in memory of the "sweet damsel" of long ago. +The following are the lines to which I have just referred:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Dear Home! what magic trembles in the word;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Each bosom's fountain at its sound is stirred,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Disgusted worldlings dream of early love<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And weary Christians turn their eyes above—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Well was't thou nam'd, fair bark, whose recent doom<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Has many a household wrapt in deepest gloom!<br /></span> +<span class="i0">On earth no more those voyagers' steps shall roam<br /></span> +<span class="i0">That cast their anchor at an Heavenly "Home"!<br /></span> +<span class="i0">High beat their hearts, when first their fated prow<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Cut through the surge that boils above them now,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">They saw in vision rapt their fatherland<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And felt once more its odorous breezes bland—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The frozen North receded from their sight<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And fancy's dream entranced them with delight—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Oh! who can tell what pangs their soul assail'd<br /></span> +<span class="i0">When every hope of life and rescue fail'd,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">When wild despair their throbbing bosoms wrung<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And winds and waves a doleful requiem sung?<br /></span> +<span class="i0">There stood the husband whose protecting arm<br /></span> +<span class="i0">'Till now had kept his lov'd ones safe from harm.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Remorseless grown, the demon of the storm<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Swept from his grasp her trembling, fragile form.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Vague fear o'er children's lineaments convuls'd,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">But selfish hands their frenzied cling repuls'd.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">When death's grim aspect meets the startl'd view<br /></span> +<span class="i0">To grovelling souls fair mercy bids adieu!<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And thou, sweet damsel! who in girlhood's bloom<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Descended then to fill an ocean tomb<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_56" id="Page_56">[56]</a></span>—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">What were <i>thy</i> thoughts, when roaring for their prey<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The foaming billows choked the watery way!<br /></span> +<span class="i0">'Tis said that souls have giv'n in parting hour<br /></span> +<span class="i0">A vast and fearful and mysterious power.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">A chart pictorial of the past is made,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">In which minute events are all portray'd—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">One painful glance the scroll entire surveys<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And then in death the blasted eye-balls glaze—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Perchance at that dark moment when the maid<br /></span> +<span class="i0">On life's dim verge her coming doom survey'd,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Such vision flash'd across her spirit pure,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And help'd the youthful beauty to endure.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Her infant sports beneath the spreading lime,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Her recent school-days, in a northern clime—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Her gentle deeds—her treasur'd thoughts of love—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">All plum'd her pinions for a flight above!<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>The Croom family owned large plantations in the South +together with many slaves. A short time after it was +definitely known that not a member of the family had +survived, there was a legal contest over the estate by the +representatives of both sides of the household, the Crooms +and the Armisteads. Eminent members of the Southern +bar were employed, among whom were Judge John +McPherson Berrien of Savannah and Joseph M. White of +Florida, often called "Florida White." After about +twenty years of litigation the suit was decided in favor +of the Armisteads. It seems that as young Croom, a lad +of twelve, nearly reached the shore he was regarded as the +survivor, and his grandmother, Mrs. Henrietta Smith of +Newbern, North Carolina, his nearest living relative, became +his heir. I have always understood that this hotly +contested case has since been regarded as a judicial +precedent.</p> + +<p>A few days after receiving the news of the shipwreck +of the <i>Home</i>, I found by accident in my father's library +an <i>édition de luxe</i>, just published in London, of "Les +Dames de Byron." In it was an illustration entitled +"Leila," which bore a wonderful resemblance to my best<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_57" id="Page_57">[57]</a></span> +friend, Henrietta Croom. Beneath were the following +lines, which seemed to suggest her history, and the coincidence +was so apparent that I immediately committed +them to memory, and it is from memory that I now give +them:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">She sleeps beneath the wandering wave;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Ah! had she but an earthly grave<br /></span> +<span class="i0">This aching heart and throbbing breast<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Would seek and share her narrow rest.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">She was a form of life and light<br /></span> +<span class="i0">That soon became a part of sight,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And rose where'er I turned mine eye—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The morning-star of memory.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>Another schoolmate and friend of mine at Madame +Chegaray's was Josephine Habersham of Savannah, a +daughter of Joseph Habersham and a great-granddaughter +of General Joseph Habersham, who succeeded Timothy +Pickering as Postmaster General during Washington's +second term and retained the position under Adams and +Jefferson until the latter part of 1801. She was one of +Madame Chegaray's star pupils in music. She frequently +made visits to my home, remaining over Saturday and +Sunday, and delighted the family by playing in a most +masterly manner the Italian music then in vogue. A few +years after her return to her Southern home she married +her cousin, William Neyle Habersham, an accomplished +musician. For many years they lived in Savannah in the +greatest elegance, until the Civil War came to disturb +their tranquil dreams. Two young sons, both under +twenty-one, laid down their lives for the Southern cause +during that conflict. After their great sorrow music was +their chief solace, and they delighted their friends by +playing together on various musical instruments.</p> + +<p>New Orleans was represented at our school by a famous +beauty, Catharine Alexander Chew, a daughter of +Beverly Chew, the Collector of the Port of New Orleans,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_58" id="Page_58">[58]</a></span> +and whose wife, Miss Maria Theodosia Duer, was a sister +of President William Alexander Duer of Columbia College. +He and Richard Relf, cashier of the Louisiana State +Bank, were the business partners and subsequently the +executors of the will of Daniel Clark of the same city, and +it was against them that the latter's daughter, Myra Clark +Gaines, the widow of General Edmund Pendleton Gaines, +U.S.A., fought her famous legal battles for over half a +century. Miss Chew married Judge Thomas H. Kennedy +of New Orleans and left many descendants. The sister +of General Pierre G. T. Beauregard, Elodie Toutant, +whom I have already mentioned, was also from Louisiana. +She was a studious girl, and a most attractive companion. +The original family name was Toutant, but towards the +close of the sixteenth century the last male descendant of +the family died, and an only surviving daughter having +married Sieur Paix de Beauregard, the name became +Toutant de Beauregard, the prefix <i>de</i> having subsequently +been dropped.</p> + +<p>Still another friendship I formed at Madame Chegaray's +school was with Elizabeth Clarkson Jay, which through +life was a source of intense pleasure to me and lasted +until her pure and gentle spirit returned to its Maker. +She was the daughter of Peter Augustus Jay, a highly +respected lawyer, and a granddaughter of the distinguished +statesman, John Jay. She was a deeply religious woman, +and died a few years ago in New York after a life consecrated +to good works.</p> + +<p>One of the brightest girls in my class was Sarah Jones, +a daughter of one of New York's most distinguished +jurists, Chancellor Samuel Jones. She and another +schoolmate of mine, Maria Brandegee, who lived in LeRoy +Place, were intimate and inseparable companions. The +mother of the latter belonged to a Creole family from +New Orleans, named Déslonde, and was the aunt of the +wife of John Slidell of Confederate fame. The Brande<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_59" id="Page_59">[59]</a></span>gees +were devout Roman Catholics, while the members of +the Jones family were equally ardent Episcopalians. +Archbishop Hughes of New York was a welcome and frequent +visitor at the Brandegee house, where, in my +younger days, I frequently had the pleasure of meeting +him and listening to his attractive conversation. In this +manner Sarah Jones also came into contact with him. +Deeply impressed by his teachings, she followed him to the +Cathedral, where she soon became a regular attendant. In +the course of time she became a member of the Roman +Catholic Church, and a few years later entered the order +of the <i>Sacre Coeur</i>, at Manhattanville, where she eventually +became Mother Superior and remained as such for +many years.</p> + +<p>Quite a number of years ago I was the guest of the family +of Charles O'Conor, the distinguished jurist and leader +of the New York bar, at his handsome home at Fort Washington, +a suburb of New York. He was the son of the +venerable Thomas O'Conor, editor of <i>The Shamrock</i>, the +first paper published in New York for Irish and Catholic +readers, and also the author of a history of the second +war with Great Britain. One afternoon Mr. O'Conor +suggested that I should accompany him upon a drive to +the Convent of the <i>Sacre Coeur</i> a few miles distant. He +was anxious to confer with Madame Mary Aloysia Hardey, +who was then Mother Superior. I was delighted to +accept this invitation, as Mr. O'Conor was an exceptionally +agreeable companion and his spare moments were but +few and far between. Before reaching our destination, I +remarked that Madame Jones, an old schoolmate of mine, +was an inmate of this Convent, and that I should be very +glad to see her again. Upon our arrival, Sarah Jones +greeted me in the parlor and seemed glad to see me after +the lapse of so many years. Leading as she was the life +of a <i>religieuse</i>, our topics of conversation were few, but +I noticed that she seemed interested in discussing her own<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_60" id="Page_60">[60]</a></span> +family, about whom evidently she was not well informed. +After a brief visit and while homeward bound, Mr. +O'Conor inquired whether Madame Jones knew that her +father, the Chancellor, was rapidly approaching death. +I replied that apparently she had no knowledge of his +serious condition, and several days later I saw his death +announced in a daily newspaper. Many years after my +interview with Sarah Jones I met at the residence of Mrs. +Henry R. Winthrop of New York an older sister of hers, +Mary Anna Schuyler Jones, who at the time was the +widow of the Reverend Dr. Samuel Seabury of the Episcopal +Church. We lunched together, and the conversation +naturally drifted back to other days and to my old +schoolmate, her sister, Sarah Jones. She told me that she +had seen but little of her in recent years, but related a +curious episode in regard to meeting her under unusual +circumstances. It seems that Mrs. Seabury, accompanied +by a young daughter, was returning from a visit to Europe, +when she noticed that the occupants of the adjoining +state-room were unusually quiet. In time she made +the discovery that they were nuns returning from a business +trip abroad. Upon examination of the passenger +list, she discovered to her astonishment that her sister, +Madame Jones, was occupying the adjoining room. They +met daily thereafter throughout the voyage, and afterwards +returned to their respective homes.</p> + +<p>I especially remember an incident of my school-life +which was decidedly sensational. Sally Otis, a young and +pretty girl and a daughter of James W. Otis, then of New +York but formerly of Boston, was in the same class with +me. One morning we missed her from her accustomed +seat, but during the day we learned the cause of her absence. +The whole Otis family had been taken ill by drinking +poisoned coffee. Upon investigation the cook reported +that a package of coffee had been sent to the house, and, +taking it for granted that it had been ordered by some<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_61" id="Page_61">[61]</a></span> +member of the household, she had used it for breakfast. +The whole matter was shrouded in mystery, and gossip +was rife. One story was that a vindictive woman concentrated +all of her malice upon a single member of the +family against whom she had a grievance and thus endangered +the lives of the whole Otis family. Fortunately, +none of the cases proved fatal, but several inmates of the +house became seriously ill.</p> + +<p>A few years before I entered Madame Chegaray's +school, Virginia Scott, the oldest daughter of Major General +Winfield Scott, enjoyed <i>Tante's</i> tutelage for a number +of years. She was a rare combination of genius and +beauty, and, apart from her remarkable personality, was +a skilled linguist and an accomplished vocal and instrumental +musician. This unusual combination of gifts suggests +the Spanish saying: "Mira favorecida de Dios" +("Behold one favored of God!"). Her life, however, +was brief, though deeply interesting. In the first blush +of womanhood she accompanied her mother and sisters to +Europe, and, after several years spent in Paris, made a +visit to Rome, where she immediately became imbued with +profound religious convictions. Through the instrumentality +of Father Pierce Connelly, a convert to Catholicism, +she was received into the Roman Catholic Church while in +the Holy City, and made her profession of faith in the +Chapel of St. Ignatius, where the ceremony took place by +the special permission of the Most Rev. John Roothan, +General of the Jesuits. General Scott meanwhile had returned +to the United States, having been promoted to the +rank of Commander-in-Chief of the Army with headquarters +in Washington. Accompanied by her mother, Virginia +Scott returned to America and, after a short time +spent with her parents in Washington, drove to Georgetown +and, without their knowledge or consent, was received +there as an inmate of the "Convent of the Visitation." +Her family was bitterly opposed to the step, more<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_62" id="Page_62">[62]</a></span> +especially her mother, whose indignation was so pronounced +that she never to the day of her death forgave +the Church for depriving her of her daughter's companionship. +General Scott, however, frequently visited her +in her cloistered home, and always manifested much consideration +for the Convent as well as for the nuns, the +daily companions of his daughter. Although she possessed +a proud and imperious nature, combined with great +personal beauty and much natural <i>hauteur</i>, she soon became +as gentle as a lamb. She died about a year after +entering the Convent, but she retained her deep religious +convictions to the last. She is buried beneath the sanctuary +in the chapel of the Georgetown Convent. In connection +with her a few lines often come to my mind which +seem so appropriate that I can not deny myself the pleasure +of quoting them:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">She was so fair that in the Angelic choir,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">She will not need put on another shape<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Than that she bore on earth.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>I have heard it stated that during Virginia Scott's residence +in Paris there existed a deep attachment between +herself and a young gentleman of foreign birth. The +story goes that in the course of time he became as devoted +to his religion as he had hitherto been to the beautiful +American, and that it was agreed between them that +they should both consecrate themselves thereafter to the +service of God. He accordingly entered at once upon a +religious life. I have heard that they afterwards met at +a service before the altar, but that there was no recognition. +As intimate as I became with the members of the +Scott family in subsequent years, I never heard any allusion +to this incident in their family history, and I can +readily understand that it was a subject upon which they +were too sensitive to dwell.</p> + +<p>Father Connelly, whom I have mentioned in connection<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_63" id="Page_63">[63]</a></span> +with Miss Scott's conversion, began his career as an Episcopal +clergyman. There was a barrier to his becoming a +Roman Catholic priest, as he was married; but his wife +soon shared in his religious ardor, and when he entered +the priesthood she became a nun. He lacked stability, +however, in his religious views, and was subsequently received +again into the Episcopal Church. It was his desire +that his wife should at once join him but she refused +to leave the Convent, and she finally became the founder +of the Order of the "Sisters of the Holy Child." I have +heard that he took legal measures to obtain possession of +her, but if so he was unsuccessful in his efforts.</p> + +<p>Another one of Madame Chegaray's distinguished +pupils was Martha Pierce of Louisville. As she attended +this school some years before I entered, I knew of her in +these days only by reputation. But some years later I +had the pleasure of knowing her quite intimately, when +she talked very freely with me in regard to her eventful +life. She told me that upon a certain occasion in the +days when women rarely traveled alone she was returning +to Kentucky under the care of Henry Clay, and +stopped in Washington long enough to visit the Capitol. +Upon its steps she was introduced to Robert Craig Stanard +of Richmond, upon whom she apparently made a deep +impression, for one year later the handsome young Southerner +carried the Kentucky girl, at the age of sixteen, +back to Virginia as his bride. During her long life in +Richmond her home, now the Westmoreland Club, was a +notable <i>salon</i>, where the <i>beaux esprits</i> of the South gathered. +She survived Mr. Stanard many years. Beautiful, +even in old age, gifted and cultivated, her attractions of +face and intellect paled before her inexpressible charm +of manner. She traveled much abroad and especially in +England. A prominent Kentuckian once told me that he +heard Washington Irving say that Mrs. Stanard received +more attention and admiration in the highest circles of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_64" id="Page_64">[64]</a></span> +English society than any other American woman he had +ever known. She corresponded for many years with +Thackeray, the Duke of Wellington and many other +prominent Englishmen, and in her own country was +equally distinguished. In the course of one of our numerous +conversations she told me that after the death of +Edward Everett she loaned his biographer the letters she +had received from that distinguished orator. During the +latter part of her life she gave up her house in Richmond +and came to Washington to reside, where she remained +until the end of her life. She left no descendants. Her +husband's mother, Jane Stith Craig, daughter of Adam +Craig of Richmond, was immortalized by Edgar Allan +Poe, who, fictitiously naming her "Helen," paid feeling +tribute to her charms in those beautiful verses commencing:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Helen, thy beauty is to me<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Like those Nicean barks of yore,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">That gently, o'er a perfumed sea,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">The weary, way-worn wanderer bore<br /></span> +<span class="i1">To his own native shore.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>Among my other schoolmates at Madame Chegaray's +were Susan Maria Clarkson de Peyster, a daughter of +James Ferguson de Peyster, who subsequently married +Robert Edward Livingston; Margaret Masters, a daughter +of Judge Josiah Masters of Troy, New York, and the +wife of John W. King; Virginia Beverly Wood, a daughter +of Silas Wood of New York, who became the wife of +John Leverett Rogers; and Elizabeth MacNiel, daughter +of General John MacNiel of the Army and wife of General +Henry W. Benham of the U.S. Engineer Corps.</p> + +<p>After a number of years spent in teaching, Madame +Chegaray gave up her New York school and moved to +Madison, New Jersey (at one time called Bottle Hill), +with the intention of spending the remainder of her life<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_65" id="Page_65">[65]</a></span> +in retirement; but she was doomed to disappointment. +Discovering almost immediately that through a relative +her affairs had become deeply involved, she with undaunted +courage at once opened a school in Madison in +the house which she had purchased with the view of +spending there the declining years of her life. Previous +to this time I had been one of her day scholars; I entered +the second school as a boarding pupil. Once a week we +were driven three miles to Morristown to attend church. +I recall an amusing incident connected with this weekly +visit to that place. One Sunday a fellow boarder, thinking +that perhaps she might find some leisure before the +service to perfect herself in her lesson for the following +day, thoughtlessly took along with her a volume of French +plays by Voltaire. During the service someone in a near +pew observed the author's name upon the book, and forthwith +the Morristown populace was startled to hear that +among Madame Chegaray's pupils was a follower of the +noted infidel. It took some time to convince the public +that this book was carried to church by my schoolmate +without her teacher's knowledge; and the girl was horrified +to learn that she was unintentionally to blame for a +new local scandal. While I was at Madame Chegaray's +I owned a schoolbook entitled "Shelley, Coleridge and +Keats." I brought it home with me one day, but my +father took it away from me and, as I learned later, burned +it, owing to his detestation of Shelley's moral character. +On one occasion he quoted in court some extracts from +Shelley as illustrative of the poet's character, but I cannot +recall the passage.</p> + +<p>After two years spent in Madison, Madame Chegaray +returned to New York and reopened her school on the +corner of Union Square and Fifteenth Street in three +houses built for her by Samuel B. Ruggles. At that time +the omnibuses had been running only to Fourteenth +Street, but, out of courtesy to this noble woman, their<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_66" id="Page_66">[66]</a></span> +route was extended to Fifteenth Street, where a lamp for +the same reason was placed by the city. Madame Chegaray +taught here for many years, but finally moved to 78 +Madison Avenue, where she remained until, on account of +old age, she was obliged to give up her teaching.</p> + +<p>While I was still attending Madame Chegaray's school, +my father, under the impression that I was not quite as +proficient in mathematics and astronomy as it was his desire +and ambition that I should be, employed Professor +Robert Adrian of Columbia College to give me private instruction +in my own home. Under his able tuition, I particularly +enjoyed traversing the firmament. I was always +faithful to the planet Venus, whose beauty was to me then, +as now, a constant delight. In those youthful days my +proprietorship in this heavenly body seemed to me as well +established as in a Fifth Avenue lot, and was quite as tangible. +I regarded myself in the light of an individual +proprietor, and, like Alexander Selkirk in his far away +island of the sea, my right to this celestial domain there +was none to dispute.</p> + +<p>After the flight of so many years, and in view, also, of +the fact that sometimes the world seems to us older women +to be almost turned upside down, it may not be uninteresting +to speak of some of the books which were familiar +to me during my school days. One of the first I +ever read was "Clarissa Harlowe" by Samuel Richardson. +"Cecilia," by Frances Burney, was another well-known +book of the day. Mrs. Amelia Opie was also a +popular authoress, and her novel entitled "White Lies" +should, in my opinion, grace every library. Miss Maria +Edgeworth and Mrs. Ann Eliza Bray, the latter of whom +so graphically depicted the higher phases of English life, +were popular authoresses in my earlier days in New +York. Many years later some of the books I have mentioned +were republished by the Harpers. "Gil Blas," +whose author, Le Sage, was the skilful delineator of hu<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_67" id="Page_67">[67]</a></span>man +nature, its attributes and its frailties, was much +read, and, in my long journey through life, certain portions +of this book have often been recalled to me by my +many and varied experiences. I must not fail to speak +of the "Children of the Abbey," by Regina M. Roche, +where the fascinations of Lord Leicester are so vividly +portrayed; nor of another book entitled "The Three +Spaniards," by George Walker, which used to strike terror +to my unsophisticated soul.</p> + +<p>When Madame Chegaray retired temporarily from her +school life and moved to Madison in New Jersey, Charles +Canda, who had taught drawing for her, established a +school of his own in New York which became very prominent. +He had an attractive young daughter, who met +with a most heartrending end. On her way to a ball, in +company with one of her girl friends, Charlotte Canda +was thrown from her carriage, and when picked up her +life was extinct. As there were no injuries found upon +her body, it was generally supposed that the shock brought +on an attack of heart-failure. Subsequently the disconsolate +parents ordered from Italy a monument costing a +fabulous sum of money for those days, which was placed +over the grave of their only daughter in Greenwood Cemetery, +where it still continues to command the admiration +of sightseers. This tragic incident occurred in February, +1845, on the eve of the victim's seventeenth +birthday.</p> + +<p>While Madame Chegaray was my teacher there was a +charming French society in New York, her house being +the rendezvous of this interesting social circle. I recall +with much pleasure the names of Boisseau, Trudeau, +Boisaubin, Thebaud and Brugiere. Madame Chegaray's +sister, Caroline, together with her husband, Charles Bérault, +who taught dancing, and their three daughters, +resided with her. The oldest, Madame Vincente Rose +Améline (Madame George R. A. Chaulet), taught music<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_68" id="Page_68">[68]</a></span> +for her aunt; the second niece, Marie-Louise Joséphine +Laure, married Joseph U. F. d'Hervilly, a Frenchman, +and in after life established a school in Philadelphia +which she named Chegaray Institute; while the youngest, +Pauline, married a gentleman from Cuba, named de Ruiz, +and now resides in Paris.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_69" id="Page_69">[69]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER IV</h2> + +<h3>LIFE AND EXPERIENCES IN THE METROPOLIS</h3> + + +<p>My health was somewhat impaired by an attack +of chills and fever while I was still a pupil +at Madame Chegaray's school. Long Island was +especially affected with this malady, and even certain locations +on the Hudson were on this account regarded with +disfavor. In subsequent years, when the building operations +of the Hudson River railroad cut off the water in +many places and formed stagnant pools, it became much +worse. As I began to convalesce, Dr. John W. Francis +prescribed a change of air, and I was accordingly sent to +Saratoga to be under the care of my friend, Mrs. Richard +Armistead of North Carolina. A few days after my arrival +we were joined by Mrs. De Witt Clinton and her attractive +step-daughter, Julia Clinton. The United States +Hotel, where we stayed, was thronged with visitors, but as +I was only a young girl my observation of social life was +naturally limited and I knew but few persons. Mrs. Clinton +was a granddaughter of Philip Livingston, the Signer, +and married at a mature age. She had a natural and +most profound admiration for the memory of her illustrious +husband, whom I have heard her describe as "a prince +among men," and she cherished an undying resentment +for any of his political antagonists.</p> + +<p>While we were still at the United States Hotel, Martin +Van Buren, at that time President of the United States, +arrived in Saratoga and sojourned at the same hotel with +us. His visit made an indelible impression upon my memory +owing to a highly sensational incident. During the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_70" id="Page_70">[70]</a></span> +evening of the President's arrival Mrs. Clinton was +promenading in the large parlor of the hotel, leaning upon +the arm of the Portuguese <i>Chargé d'Affaires</i>, Senhor Joaquim +Cesar de Figanière, when Mr. Van Buren espying +her advanced with his usual suavity of manner to meet +her. With a smile upon his face, he extended his hand, +whereupon Mrs. Clinton immediately turned her back and +compelled her escort to imitate her, apparently ignoring +the fact that he was a foreign diplomat and that his +conduct might subsequently be resented by the authorities +in Washington. This incident, occurring as it did in +a crowded room, was observed by many of the guests and +naturally created much comment. In talking over the incident +the next day Mrs. Clinton told me she was under +the impression that Mr. Van Buren clearly understood her +feelings in regard to him, as some years previous, when +he and General Andrew Jackson called upon her together, +she had declined to see him, although Jackson had been +admitted. This act was characteristic of the woman. It +was the expression of a resentment which she had harbored +against Mr. Van Buren for years and which she was only +abiding her time to display. I was standing at Mrs. Clinton's +side during this dramatic episode, and to my youthful +fancy she seemed, indeed, a heroine!</p> + +<p>Mrs. Clinton was a social leader in Gotham before the +days of the <i>nouveaux riches</i>, and her sway was that of an +autocrat. Her presence was in every way imposing. She +possessed many charming characteristics and was in more +respects than one an uncrowned queen, retaining her wonderful +tact and social power until the day of her death. +I love to dwell upon Mrs. Clinton because, apart from her +remarkable personal characteristics, she was the friend of +my earlier life. Possessed as she was of many eccentricities, +her excellencies far counterbalanced them. Of the +latter, I recall especially the unusual ability and care she +displayed in housekeeping, which at that time was regarded<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_71" id="Page_71">[71]</a></span> +as an accomplishment in which every woman took particular +pride. To be still more specific, she apparently had +a much greater horror of dirt than the average housewife, +and carried her antipathy to such an extent that she tolerated +but few fires in her University Place establishment +in New York, as she seriously objected to the uncleanness +caused by the dust and ashes! No matter how cold her +house nor how frigid the day, she never seemed to suffer +but, on the contrary, complained that her home was overheated. +Her guests frequently commented upon "the nipping +and eager air" which Shakespeare's Horatio speaks +of, but it made no apparent impression upon their hostess.</p> + +<p>Mrs. Clinton's articulation was affected by a slight stammer, +which, in my opinion, but added piquancy to her +epigrammatic sayings. She once remarked to me, "I shall +never be c-c-cold until I'm dead." An impulse took possession +of me which somehow, in spite of the great difference +in our ages, I seemed unable to resist, and I retorted, +"We are not all assured of our temperatures at that period." +She regarded me for a few moments with unfeigned +astonishment, but said nothing. I did not suffer for my +temerity at that moment, but later I was chagrined to +learn she had remarked that I was the most impertinent +girl she had ever known. I remember that upon another +occasion she told me that one of Governor Clinton's grandchildren, +Augusta Clinton, was about to leave school at a +very early age. "Doesn't she intend to finish her education?" +I inquired. "No," was the quick and emphatic +but stuttering reply, "she's had sufficient education. I +was at school only two months, and I'm sure I'm smart +enough." Her niece, Margaret Gelston, who was present +and was remarkable for her clear wits, retorted: "Only +think how much smarter you'd have been if you had remained +longer." In an angry tone Mrs. Clinton replied, +"I don't want to be any smarter, I'm smart enough."</p> + +<p>Mrs. Clinton's two nieces, the Misses Mary and Mar<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_72" id="Page_72">[72]</a></span>garet +Gelston, were among my earliest and most intimate +friends. They occupied a prominent social position in +New York and both were well known for their unusual +intellectuality. They were daughters of Maltby Gelston, +President of the Manhattan Bank, and granddaughters of +David Gelston, who was appointed Collector of the Port +of New York by Jefferson and retained that position for +twenty years. Late in life Mary Gelston married Henry +R. Winthrop of New York. She died a few years ago +leaving an immense estate to Princeton Theological Seminary. +"I pray," reads her will, "that the Trustees of +this Institution may make such use of this bequest as that +the extension of the Church of Christ on earth and the +glory of God may be promoted thereby." In the same +instrument she adds: "As a similar bequest would have +been made by my deceased sister, Margaret L. Gelston, +had she survived me, I desire that the said Trustees +should regard it as given jointly by my said sister and +by me." Some distant relatives, thinking that her money +could be more satisfactorily employed than in the manner +indicated, contested the will, and the Seminary finally received, +as the result of a compromise, between $1,600,000 +and $1,700,000.</p> + +<p>One of my earliest recollections is of John Jacob Astor, +a feeble old man descending the doorsteps of his home +on Broadway near Houston Street to enter his carriage. +His house was exceedingly plain and was one of a row +owned by him. His son, William Backhouse Astor, who +married a daughter of General John Armstrong, Secretary +of War under President Madison, during at least a portion +of his father's life lived in a fine house on Lafayette +Place. I have attended evening parties there that were +exceedingly simple in character, and at which Mrs. Astor +was always plainly dressed and wore no jewels. I have +a very distinct recollection of one of these parties owing +to a ludicrous incident connected with myself. My mother<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_73" id="Page_73">[73]</a></span> +was a woman of decidedly domestic tastes, whose whole +life was so immersed in her large family of children that +she never allowed an event of a social character to interfere +with what she regarded as her household or maternal +duties. We older children were therefore much thrown +upon our own resources from a social point of view, and +when I grew into womanhood and entered society I was +usually accompanied to entertainments by my father. +Sometimes, however, I went with my lifelong friend, Margaret +Tillotson Kemble, a daughter of William Kemble, +of whom I shall speak hereafter. Upon this particular +occasion I had gone early in the day to the Kembles preparatory +to spending the night there, with the intention +of attending a ball at the Astors'. Having dined, supped, +and dressed myself for the occasion, in company with +Miss Kemble and her father I reached the Astor residence, +where I found on the doorstep an Irish maid from my +own home awaiting my arrival. In her hand she held an +exquisite bouquet of pink and white japonicas which had +been sent to me by John Still Winthrop, the <i>fiancé</i> of +Susan Armistead, another of my intimate friends. The +bouquet had arrived just after my departure from home +and, quite unknown to my family, the Irish maid out of +the goodness of her heart had taken it upon herself to see +that it was placed in my hands. I learned later that, +much to the amusement of many of the guests, she had +been awaiting my arrival for several hours. It seems +almost needless to add that I carried my flowers throughout +the evening with much girlish pride and pleasure.</p> + +<p>Among the guests at this ball was Mrs. Francis R. +Boreel, the young and beautiful daughter of Mr. and Mrs. +Walter Langdon, who wore in her dark hair a diamond +necklace, a recent gift from her grandfather, John Jacob +Astor. It was currently rumored at the time that it cost +twenty thousand dollars, which was then a very large +amount to invest in a single article of that character.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_74" id="Page_74">[74]</a></span> +Mrs. Langdon's two other daughters were Mrs. Matthew +Wilks, who married abroad and spent her life there, and +the first Mrs. De Lancey Kane, who made a runaway +match, and both of whom left descendants in New York. +All three women were celebrated for their beauty, but Mrs. +Boreel was usually regarded as the handsomest of the +trio. Mrs. Walter Langdon was Dorothea Astor, a daughter +of John Jacob Astor, and her husband was a grandson +of Judge John Langdon of New Hampshire, who +equipped Stark's regiment for the battle of Bennington, +and who for twelve years was a member of the United +States Senate and was present as President <i>pro tempore</i> +of that body at the first inauguration of Washington.</p> + +<p>Another society woman whose presence at this ball I +recall, and without whom no entertainment was regarded +as complete, was Mrs. Charles Augustus Davis, wife of the +author of the well-known "Jack Downing Letters." Indeed, +the name "Jack Downing" seemed so much a part +of the Davis family that in after years I have often heard +Mrs. Davis called "Mrs. Jack Downing." The Davises +had a handsome daughter who married a gentleman of +French descent, but neither of them long survived the +marriage.</p> + +<p>In an old newspaper of 1807 I came across the following +marriage notice, which was the first Astor wedding to +occur in this country:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p><span class="smcap">Bentzon—Astor.</span> Married, on Monday morning, the +14th ult. [September], by the Rev. Mr. [Ralph] Williston, +Adrian B. Bentzon, Esq., of the Isle of St. Croix, to Miss +Magdalen Astor, daughter of John Jacob Astor of this +city.</p></div> + +<p>It was while on a cruise among the West Indies that +Miss Astor met Mr. Bentzon, a Danish gentleman of good +family but moderate fortune. In the early part of the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_75" id="Page_75">[75]</a></span> +last century many ambitious foreigners went to that part +of the world with the intention of making their fortunes.</p> + +<p>Another daughter of John Jacob Astor, Eliza, married +Count Vincent Rumpff, who was for some years Minister +at the Court of the Tuileries from the Hanseatic towns +of Germany. She was well known through life, and long +remembered after death, for her symmetrical Christian +character. One of her writings, entitled "Transplanted +Flowers," has been published in conjunction with one of +the Duchesse de Broglie, daughter of Madame de Staël, +with whom she was intimately associated in her Christian +works.</p> + +<p>Henry Astor, the brother of John Jacob Astor, was the +first of the family to come to America. I am able to state, +upon the authority of the late Rev. Dr. Morgan Dix, rector +of Trinity church in New York, and a life-long friend +of the whole Astor connection, that he was a private in a +Hessian regiment that fought against our colonies in the +Revolutionary War. After its close he decided to remain +in New York where he entered the employment of a butcher +in the old Oswego market. He subsequently embarked +upon more ambitious enterprises, became a highly successful +business man and at his death left a large fortune to +his childless widow. Dr. Dix has stated that it was probably +through him that the younger brother came to this +country. However this may be, John Jacob Astor sailed +for America as a steerage passenger in a ship commanded +by Capt. Jacob Stout and arrived in Baltimore in January, +1784. He subsequently went to New York, where he +spent his first night in the house of George Dieterich, a +fellow countryman whom he had known in Germany and +by whom he was now employed to peddle cakes. After +remaining in his employ for a time and accumulating a +little money he hired a store of his own where he sold +toys and German knickknacks. He afterwards added<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_76" id="Page_76">[76]</a></span> +skins and even musical instruments to his stock in trade, +as will appear from the following in <i>The Daily Advertiser</i> +of New York, of the 2d of January, 1789, and following +issues:</p> + +<div class='blockquot'> +<p class='adcenter'>J. Jacob Astor,<br /> +At No. 81, Queen-street,<br /> +Next door but one to the Friends Meeting-House,<br /> +Has for sale an assortment of<br /> +Piano fortes, of the newest construction,</p> +<p class='adleft'>Made by the best makers in London, which he will sell on<br /> +reasonable terms.<br /> +He gives Cash for all kinds of FURS:<br /> +And has for sale a quantity of Canada Beaver, and<br /> +Beaver Coating, Racoon Skins, and Racoon Blankets,<br /> +Muskrat Skins, &c. &c.</p> +</div> + +<p>It would seem that these Astor pianos were manufactured +in London and that George Astor, an elder +brother of John Jacob Astor, was associated with the +latter in their sale. Indeed, one of them, formerly +owned by the Clinton family and now in Washington's +Headquarters in Newburgh, bears the name of "Geo. +Astor & Co., Cornhill, London;" while still another in +my immediate neighborhood in Washington has the inscription +of "Astor and Camp, 79 Cornhill, London." +Their octaves were few in number, and a pupil of Chopin +would have regarded them with scorn; but upon these +little spindle-legged affairs a duet could be performed. +My first knowledge of instrumental music was derived +from one of these pianos, and among the earliest recollections +of my childhood is that of hearing my three maiden +aunts, my father's sisters, playing in turn the inspiring +Scotch airs upon the Astor piano that stood in their +drawing-room. One of their songs was especially inimical +to cloistered life and it, too, was possibly of Scotch origin. +I am unable to recall its exact words, but its refrain ran +as follows:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_77" id="Page_77">[77]</a></span></p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">I will not be a nun,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">I can not be a nun,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">I shall not be a nun,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">I'm so fond of pleasure<br /></span> +<span class="i0">I'll not be a nun.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>I own an original letter written by John Jacob Astor +from New York on the 26th of April, 1826, addressed to +ex-President James Monroe, my husband's grandfather, +which I regard as interesting on account of its quaint +style:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Dear Sir,</p> + +<p>Permit me to congratulate you on your Honourable retirement +[from public life] for which I most sincerely +wish you may enjoy that Peace and Tranquility to which +you are so justly entitled.</p> + +<p>Without wishing to cause you any Inconveniency [sic] +on account of the loan which I so long since made to you +I would be glad if you would put it in a train of sittlelment +[sic] if not the whole let it be a part with the interest +Due.</p> + +<p>I hope Dear Sir that you and Mrs. Monroe enjoy the +best of health and that you may live many years to wittness +[sic] the Prosperity of the country to which you have +so generously contributed.</p> + +<p>I am most Respectfully Dear Sir your obed S. &c.</p> + +<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">J. J. Astor.</span></p> + +<p>The Honble James Monroe.</p></div> + +<p>It may here be stated that Mr. Astor's solicitude concerning +Mr. Monroe's financial obligation was duly relieved, +and that the debt was paid in full.</p> + +<p>John Jacob Astor's numerous descendants can lay this +"flattering unction" to their souls, that every dollar of his +vast wealth was accumulated through thrift while leading +an upright life.</p> + +<p>An old-fashioned stage coach in my early days ran between +New York and Harlem, but the fashionable drive<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_78" id="Page_78">[78]</a></span> +was on the west side of the city along what was then called +the "Bloomingdale Road." Many fashionable New Yorkers +owned and occupied handsome country seats along this +route, and closed their city homes for a period during the +heated term. I recall with pleasure the home of the Prussian +Consul General and Mrs. John William Schmidt, and +especially their attractive daughters. Mr. Schmidt, who +came to this country as a bachelor, married Miss Eliza +Ann Bache of New York. Quite a number of years subsequent +to this event, before they had children of their +own, they adopted a little girl whom they named Julia and +whom I knew very well in my early girlhood. As equestrian +exercise was popular in New York at that time, many +of the young men and women riding on the Bloomingdale +Road would stop at the Schmidts' hospitable home, rest +their horses and enjoy a pleasing half-hour's conversation +with the daughters of the household. Among the fair +riders was Mary Tallmadge, a famous beauty and a daughter +of General James Tallmadge. During her early life +and at a period when visits abroad were few and far between, +her father accompanied her to Europe. During +her travels on the continent she visited St. Petersburg, +where her beauty created a great sensation. While there +the Emperor Nicholas I. presented her with a handsome +India shawl. She returned to America, married +Philip S. Van Rensselaer, a son of the old Patroon, +and lived for many years on Washington Square in +New York.</p> + +<p>Alexander Hamilton and family also owned and occupied +a house in this charming suburb called "The +Grange." It was subsequently occupied by Herman +Thorne, who had married Miss Jane Mary Jauncey, a +wealthy heiress of New York. He lived in this house +only a few years when he went with his wife to reside in +Paris during the reign of Louis Philippe. Mr. Thorne +became the most prominent American resident there and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_79" id="Page_79">[79]</a></span> +excited the envy of many of his countrymen by his lavish +expenditure of money. His daughters made foreign +matrimonial alliances. He was originally from Schenectady, +for a time was a purser in the U.S. Navy, and was +remarkable for his handsome presence and courtly +bearing.</p> + +<p>Jacob Lorillard lived in a handsome house in Manhattanville, +a short distance from the Bloomingdale Road. +He began life, first as an apprentice and then as a proprietor, +in the tanning and hide business, and his tannery +was on Pearl Street. He then, with his brothers, embarked +in the manufacture and sale of snuff and tobacco, +in which, as is well known, he amassed an immense fortune. +My earliest recollection of the family is in the days +of its great prosperity. One of Mr. Lorillard's daughters, +Julia, who married Daniel Edgar, I knew very well, +and I recall a visit I once made her in her beautiful home, +where I also attended her wedding a few years later. At +this time her mother was a widow, and shortly after the +marriage the place was sold to the Catholic order of the +<i>Sacre Coeur</i>. Mrs. Jacob Lorillard was a daughter of the +Rev. Doctor Johann Christoff Kunze, professor of Oriental +Languages in Columbia College.</p> + +<p>Many years ago the wags of London exhausted their +wits in fittingly characterizing and ridiculing the numerous +equipages of a London manufacturer of snuff and tobacco. +One couplet suggestive of the manner in which +this vast wealth was acquired, was</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Who would have thought it<br /></span> +<span class="i0">That Noses had bought it.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>The suitor of the daughter of this wealthy Englishman +was appropriately dubbed "Up to Snuff." Alas, +this ancestral and aristocratic luxury of snuff departed +many years ago, but succeeding generations have been +"up to snuff" in many other ways. The gold snuff-<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_80" id="Page_80">[80]</a></span>box +frequently studded with gems which I remember so +well in days gone by and especially at the home Gouverneur +Kemble in Cold Spring, where it was passed +around and freely used by both men and women, now +commands no respect except as an ancestral curio. Dryden, +Dean Swift, Pope, Addison, Lord Chesterfield, Dr. +Johnson, Garrick, Sir Joshua Reynolds, Keats, Charles +Lamb, Gibbon, Walter Scott and Darwin were among the +prominent worshipers of the snuff-box and its contents, +while some of them indulged in the habit to the degree of +intemperance. In describing his manner of using the +snuff-box Gibbon wrote: "I drew my snuff-box, rapped it, +took snuff twice, and continued my discourse in my usual +attitude of my body bent forwards, and my fore-finger +stretched out;" and Boswell wrote in its praise:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Oh, snuff! our fashionable end and aim—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Strasburgh, Rappe, Dutch, Scotch—whate'er thy name!<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Powder celestial! quintessence divine<br /></span> +<span class="i0">New joys entrance my soul while thou art mine;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Who takes? who takes thee not? Where'er I range<br /></span> +<span class="i0">I smell thy sweets from Pall Mall to the 'Change.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>While the spirit of patriotism was as prevalent in early +New York as it is now, it seems to me that it was somewhat +less demonstrative. The 4th of July, however, was +anticipated by the youngsters of the day with the greatest +eagerness and pleasure. It was the habit of my father, +for many years, to take us children early in the morning +to the City Hall to attend the official observances of the +day, an experience which we naturally regarded as a great +privilege. Booths were temporarily erected all along the +pavement in front of the City Hall, where substantial +food was displayed and sold to the crowds collected to assist +in celebrating the day. About noon several military +companies arrived upon the scene and took their positions +in the park, where, after a number of interesting man<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_81" id="Page_81">[81]</a></span>euvers, +a salute was fired which was terrifying to my +youthful nerves. Small boys, then as now, provided themselves +with pistols, and human life was occasionally sacrificed +to patriotic ardor, although I never remember hearing +of cases of lockjaw resulting from such accidents, as +is so frequently the case at present. Firecrackers and +torpedoes were then in vogue, but skyrockets and more +elaborate fireworks had not then come into general use. +I do not recall that the national flag was especially prominent +upon the "glorious fourth," and it is my impression +that this insignia of patriotism was not universally displayed +upon patriotic occasions until the Civil War.</p> + +<p>The musical world of New York lay dormant until about +the year 1825, when Dominick Lynch, much to the delight +of the cultivated classes, introduced the Italian +Opera. Through his instrumentality Madame Malibran, +her father, Signor Garcia, and her brother, Manuel Garcia, +who by the way died abroad in 1906, nearly ninety-nine +years of age, came to this country and remained for quite +a period. I have heard many sad traditions regarding +Malibran, whose name is certainly immortal in the annals +of the musical world. Mr. Lynch was the social leader +of his day in New York, was æsthetic in his tastes, and possessed +a highly cultivated voice. He frequently sang the +beautiful old ballads so much in vogue at that period. I +have heard through Mrs. Samuel L. Hinckley, an old friend +of mine, who remembered the incident, that during a visit +to Boston when he sang Tom Moore's pathetic ballad, +"Oft in the Stilly Night," there was scarcely a dry eye +in the room. In referring to the introduction of the Italian +Opera into this country Dr. John W. Francis in his +"Old New York" thus speaks of Dominick Lynch: "For +this advantageous accession to the resources of mental +gratification, we were indebted to the taste and refinement +of Dominick Lynch, the liberality of the manager of the +Park Theater, Stephen Price, and the distinguished rep<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_82" id="Page_82">[82]</a></span>utation +of the Venetian, Lorenzo Da Ponte. Lynch, a +native of New York, was the acknowledged head of the +fashionable and festive board, a gentleman of the ton +and a melodist of great powers and of exquisite taste; he +had long striven to enhance the character of our music; +he was the master of English song, but he felt, from his +close cultivation of music and his knowledge of the genius +of his countrymen, that much was wanting, and that more +could be accomplished, and he sought out, while in Europe, +an Italian <i>troupe</i>, which his persuasive eloquence +and the liberal spirit of Price led to embark for our shores +where they arrived in November, 1825." Stephen Price +here referred to by Dr. Francis was the manager of the +old Park Theater. Dominick Lynch's grandson, Nicholas +Luquer, who with his charming wife, formerly Miss Helen +K. Shelton of New York, resides in Washington, and his +son, Lynch Luquer, inherit the musical ability of their +ancestor.</p> + +<p>The great actors of the day performed in the Park Theater. +I also vividly remember the Bowery Theater, as well +as in subsequent years Burton's Theater in Chambers +Street and the Astor Place Theater. When William C. +Macready, the great English actor, was performing in the +latter in 1849 a riot occurred caused by the jealousy existing +between him and his American rival, Edwin Forrest. +Forrest had not been well received in England owing, as +he believed, to the unfriendly influence of Macready. +While the latter was considered by many the better actor, +Forrest was exceptionally popular with a certain class of +people in New York whose sympathies were easily enlisted +and whose passions were readily aroused. During the evening +referred to, while Macready was acting in the <i>rôle</i> of +Macbeth, a determined mob attacked the theater, and the +riot was not quelled until after a bitter struggle, in which +the police and the military were engaged, and during +which twenty-one were killed and thirty-three wounded.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_83" id="Page_83">[83]</a></span></p> + +<p>In consequence of this unfortunate rivalry and its +bloody results, Forrest became morbid, and his domestic +infelicities that followed served to still further embitter +his life. In 1850 his wife instituted proceedings for divorce +in the Superior Court of the City of New York, and +the trial was protracted for two years. She was represented +by the eminent jurist, Charles O'Conor, while Forrest +employed "Prince" John Van Buren, son of the ex-President. +The legal struggle was one of the most celebrated +in the annals of the New York bar. There was +abundant evidence of moral delinquency on the part of +both parties to the suit, but the verdict was in favor of +Mrs. Forrest. She was the daughter of John Sinclair, +formerly a drummer in the English army and subsequently +a professional singer. James Gordon Bennett said of her +in the <i>Herald</i> that "being born and schooled in turmoil +and dissipation and reared in constant excitement she +could not live without it."</p> + +<p>I have heard it said that one day John Van Buren was +asked by a disgruntled friend at the close of a hotly contested +suit whether there was any case so vile or disreputable +that he would refuse to act as counsel for the +accused. The quick response was: "I must first know the +circumstances of the case; but what have you been doing?" +Dr. Valentine Mott, who for many years was a +resident of Paris, gave a fancy-dress ball in New York in +honor of the Prince de Joinville, son of Louis Philippe. +At this entertainment John Van Buren appeared in the +usual evening dress with a red sash tied around his waist. +Much to the amusement of the guests whom he met, his +salutation was: "Would you know me?" It will be remembered +that he was familiarly called "Prince John," +owing to the fact that he had once danced with Queen Victoria +prior to her ascension to the throne. One day Van +Buren met on the street James T. Brady, a lawyer of +equal ability and wit, who had recently returned from a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_84" id="Page_84">[84]</a></span> +visit to England. In a most patronizing manner he inquired +whether he had seen the Queen. "Certainly," +said Mr. Brady, "and under these circumstances. I was +walking along the street when by chance the Queen's carriage +overtook me, and the moment Her Majesty's eye +lighted upon me she exclaimed: 'Hello, Jim Brady, when +did you hear from John Van Buren?'" I recall another +amusing anecdote about John Van Buren during my school +days. Mustaches were at that time worn chiefly by the +sporting element. Mr. Van Buren, who was very attentive +to Catharine Theodora Duer, a daughter of President William +Alexander Duer of Columbia College, and who, by +the way, never married, adopted this style of facial adornment, +but the young woman objecting to it he cut it off +and sent it to her in a letter. Prince John Van Buren's +daughter, Miss Anna Vander Poel Van Buren, many +years thereafter, married Edward Alexander Duer, a +nephew of this Catharine Theodora Duer.</p> + +<p>It was my very great pleasure to know Fanny Kemble +and her father, Charles Kemble. She was, indeed, the +queen of tragedy, and delighted the histrionic world of +New York by her remarkable rendering of the plays of +Shakespeare. In later years when I heard her give +Shakespearian readings, I regarded the occasion as an epoch +in my life. In this connection I venture to express my +surprise that the classical English quotations so pleasing +to the ear in former days are now so seldom heard. It +seems unfortunate that the epigrammatic sentences, for +example, of grand old Dr. Samuel Johnson have become +almost obsolete. In former years Byron appealed to the +sentiment, while the more ambitious quoted Greek +maxims. The sayings of the old authors were recalled, +mingled with the current topics of the day. It would +seem, however, that the present generation is decidedly +more interested in quotations from the stock exchange. +Edmund Burke said that "the age of chivalry is gone,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_85" id="Page_85">[85]</a></span> +that of sophists, economists, and calculators has succeeded."</p> + +<p>Upon her return to England Fanny Kemble published +her journal kept while in the United States, which was +by no means pleasing in every respect to her American +readers. It is said that in one of her literary effusions +she dwelt upon a custom, which she claimed was prevalent +in America, of parents naming their children after classical +heroes, and gave as an example a child in New York who +bore the name of Alfonzo Alonzo Agamemnon Dionysius +Bogardus. The sister of this youth, she stated, was named +Clementina Seraphina Imogen. I think this statement +must have been evolved from her own brain, as it would +be difficult to conceive of parents who would consent to +make their children notorious in such a ridiculous manner. +Fanny Kemble married Pierce Butler, a lawyer of +ability and cousin of the U.S. Senator from South Carolina +of the same name, and they were divorced in 1849, +when the Hon. George M. Dallas was counsel for Fanny +Kemble and Rufus Choate appeared for her husband.</p> + +<p>Fanny Elssler, a queen of grace and beauty on the +stage, delighted immense audiences at the Park Theater. +She came to this country under the auspices of Chevalier +Henry Wikoff, a roving but accomplished soldier of fortune, +who pitched his camp in both continents. Upon her +arrival in New York the "divine Fanny," as she was invariably +called, was borne to her destination in a carriage +from which the horses had been detached by her enthusiastic +<i>adorateurs</i>, led by August Belmont. She was, indeed,</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">A being so fair that the same lips and eyes<br /></span> +<span class="i0">She bore on earth might serve in Paradise.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>At this distant day it seems almost impossible to describe +her. She seemed to float upon the stage sustained +only by the surrounding atmosphere. In my opinion she<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_86" id="Page_86">[86]</a></span> +has never had a rival, with the possible exception of Taglioni, +the great Swedish <i>danseuse</i>. I saw Fanny Elssler +dance the <i>cracovienne</i> and the <i>cachucha</i>, and it is a memory +which will linger with me always. The music that +accompanied these dances was generally selected from the +popular airs of the day. Many dark stories were afloat +concerning Fanny Elssler's private life, but to me it +seems impossible to associate her angelic presence with +anything but her wonderful art. She was never received +socially in New York; indeed, the only person that I remember +connected with the stage in my early days who +had the social <i>entrée</i> was Fanny Kemble.</p> + +<p>We attended the Dutch Reformed Church in New York +of which the Rev. Dr. Jacob Brodhead was for many +years the pastor. My aunts, however, attended one of the +three collegiate churches in the lower part of the city, and +I sometimes accompanied them and, as there was a frequent +interchange of pulpits, I became quite accustomed +to hear all of the three clergymen. The Rev. Dr. John +Knox, who endeared himself to his flock by his gentle and +appealing ministrations; the Rev. Dr. Thomas De Witt, a +profound theologian and courtly gentleman; and the Rev. +Dr. William C. Brownlee, with his vigorous Scotch accent, +preaching against what he invariably called "papery" +(popery), and recalling, as he did, John Knox of +old, that irritating thorn in the side of the unfortunate +Mary Queen of Scots, made up this remarkable trio. During +the latter part of his life Dr. Brownlee suffered from +a stroke of paralysis which rendered him speechless, and +his Catholic adversaries improved this opportunity to circulate +the report that he had been visited by a judgment +from Heaven.</p> + +<p>There were many shining lights in the Episcopal Church +at this time in New York. The Rev. Dr. William Berrian +was the acceptable rector of St. John's, which was then +as now a chapel of Trinity Parish. The Rev. Dr. Francis<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_87" id="Page_87">[87]</a></span> +L. Hawks was the popular rector of St. Thomas's church, +on the corner of Broadway and Houston Streets. He was +a North Carolinian by birth, but is said to have been in +part of Indian descent. I recall with pleasure his masterly +rendition of the Episcopal service. During the Civil +War he made it quite apparent to his parishioners that +his sympathies were with the South, and as most of them +did not share his views he moved to Baltimore, where a +more congenial atmosphere surrounded him.</p> + +<p>The Rev. Dr. Stephen H. Tyng, senior, was the rector +of St. George's Episcopal church in the lower part of the +city. He was a theologian of the Low-Church school and +was greatly esteemed by all of his colleagues. His son, +the Rev. Dr. Stephen H. Tyng, junior, was in full sympathy +with the Low-Church views of his father, and will +be recalled as an evangelical preacher of exceptional power +and wide influence. In the summer of 1867 he preached, +in defiance of the canons of the Episcopal Church, in St. +James's Methodist church in New Brunswick, N.J., thus +invading without authority the parishes of the Rev. Dr. +Alfred Stubs and the Rev. Dr. Edward B. Boggs of that +city. His trial was of sensational interest, and resulted, +as will be remembered, in his conviction. The attitude +of the Tyngs, father and son, was humorously described +by Anthony Bleecker, a well-known wit of the day, in +these verses:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i4"><i>Tyng, Junior.</i><br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">I preach from barrels and from tubs,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">In spite of Boggs, in spite of Stubs;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">I'll preach from stumps, I'll preach from logs,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">In spite of Stubs, in spite of Boggs.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i4"><i>Tyng, Senior.</i><br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Do, Steve; and lay aside your gown,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Your bands and surplice throw them down;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">A bob-tail coat of tweed or kersey<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Is good enough at least for Jersey.<br /></span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_88" id="Page_88">[88]</a></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i4"><i>Tyng, Junior.</i><br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">What if the Bishops interfere,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And I am made a culprit clear;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Can't you a thunderbolt then forge,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And hurl it in the new St. George?<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i4"><i>Tyng, Senior.</i><br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Be sure I can and out of spite<br /></span> +<span class="i0">A wrathy sermon I'll indite;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">I'll score the court and every judge<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And call the whole proceedings fudge;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And worse than that each reverent name<br /></span> +<span class="i0">I'll bellow through the trump of fame;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">With Bishop Potter I'll get even,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And make you out the martyr Stephen.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>The Rev. Dr. Orville Dewey, renowned for his intellectual +attainments, preached in the Unitarian church in +Mercer Street. In subsequent years his sermons were published +and I understand are still read with much interest +and pleasure. Archbishop John Hughes, whom I knew +quite well, was the controlling power in the Roman Catholic +Church. He possessed the affectionate regard of the +whole community, and naturally commanded a wide influence. +A Roman Catholic told me many years ago that, +upon one of the visits of the Archbishop to St. Peter's +church, he took the congregation to task for their exclusiveness, +exclaiming: "You lock up your pews and exclude +the marrow of the land."</p> + +<p>I knew very well the Rev. Charles Constantine Pise, +the first native-born Catholic to officiate in St. Joseph's +church on Sixth Avenue. He was of Italian parentage +and was remarkable for his great physical attractiveness. +In addition to his fine appearance, he was exceedingly +social in his tastes and was consequently a highly agreeable +guest. He cultivated the muses to a modest degree, +and I have several of his poetical effusions, one of which +was addressed to me. In spite of the admiration he commanded +from both men and women, irrespective of creed,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_89" id="Page_89">[89]</a></span> +life seemed to present to him but few allurements. Archbishop +Hughes sent him to a small Long Island parish +where, after laboring long and earnestly, he closed his +earthly career. An anecdote is related of this pious man +which I believe to be true. A young woman quite forgetful +of the proprieties and conventionalties of life, but +with decided matrimonial proclivities, made Father Pise +an offer of her fortune, heart and hand. In a dignified +manner he advised her to give her heart to God, her +money to the poor, and her hand to the man who asked +for it. Prior to his rectorship of St. Joseph's church in +New York, Father Pise, who was an intimate friend of +Henry Clay, served as Chaplain of the U.S. Senate during +a portion of the 22d Congress. At the National +Capital as well as in New York he was exceptionally +popular, making many converts, especially among young +women, and preaching to congregations in churches so +densely crowded that it was difficult to obtain even standing +room.</p> + +<p>I cannot pass the Roman Catholic clergy without some +reference to the Rev. Felix Varela, a priest of Spanish descent +and, it is said, of noble birth, who was sent from +Cuba to Spain as one of the deputies to the Cortes from his +native island. His church was St. Peter's in Barclay Street. +It would be difficult for any words to do justice to his life +of self-abnegation or to his adherence to the precepts of +his Divine Master. It is with pleasure, therefore, that I +relate the following story, for the truth of which I can +vouch. A policeman found a handsome pair of silver +candlesticks in the custody of a poor unfortunate man, +and as they bore upon them a distinctive coat of arms he +arrested him. On his way to prison the suspected criminal +begged to see Father Varela for a moment, and as his +residence was <i>en route</i> to the station house the officer +granted his request. This good priest informed the policeman +with much reluctance that the candlesticks had<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_90" id="Page_90">[90]</a></span> +formerly belonged to him, and that he had given them to +his prisoner to buy bread for his family. My father was +so deeply in sympathy with the life and character of this +priest that, although of a different faith, he seldom heard +his name mentioned without an expression of admiration +for his life and character.</p> + +<p>There was a French Protestant church in Franklin +Street ministered to by the Rev. Dr. Antoine Verren, +whose wife was a daughter of Thomas Hammersley. I +also remember very well a Presbyterian church on Laight +Street, opposite St. John's Park, the rector of which was +the Rev. Dr. Samuel H. Cox, an uncle of the late Bishop +Arthur Cleveland Cox of the Episcopal Church. Dr. Cox +was a prominent abolitionist, and when we were living on +Hubert Street, just around the corner, this church was +stoned by a mob because the rector had expressed his anti-slavery +views too freely.</p> + +<p>The mode of conducting funerals in former days in New +York differed very materially from the customs now in +vogue. While the coffins of the well-to-do were made entirely +of mahogany and without handles, I have always +understood that persons of the Hebrew faith buried their +dead in pine coffins, as they believed this wood to be more +durable. Pall-bearers wore white linen scarfs three yards +long with a rosette of the same material fastened on one +shoulder, which, together with a pair of black gloves, was +always presented by the family. It was originally the intention +that the linen scarf should be used after the funeral +for making a shirt. Funerals from churches were not as +customary as at the present time. If the body was to be +interred within the city limits every one attending the services, +including the family, walked to the cemetery. It was +unusual for a woman to be seen at a funeral.</p> + +<p>But the whole social tone of New York society was more +<i>de rigueur</i> than now. Sometimes, for example, persons living +under a cloud of insufficient magnitude to place them<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_91" id="Page_91">[91]</a></span> +behind prison bars, feeling their disgrace, took flight for +Texas. Instead of placing the conventional <i>P.P.C.</i> on +their cards the letters <i>G.T.T.</i> were used, meaning that the +self-expatriated ne'er-do-well had "gone to Texas." I +have always understood that in Great Britain the transgressor +sought the Continent, where he was often enabled +to pass into oblivion. In this manner both countries were +relieved of patriots who "left their country for their +country's good." As an example, I remember hearing +in my early life of an Englishman named de Roos, who +had the unfortunate habit of arranging cards to suit his +own fancy. When his <i>confrères</i> finally caught him in +the act he left hurriedly for the Continent.</p> + +<p>In 1842 the U.S. sloop of war <i>Somers</i> arrived in New +York, and the country was startled by the accounts of +what has since been known as the "Somers Mutiny." The +Captain of the ship was Commander Alexander Slidell +Mackenzie, whose original surname was Slidell. He was +a brother of the Hon. John Slidell, at one time U.S. Senator +from Louisiana, who, during the Civil War, while on +his passage to England on the <i>Trent</i> as a representative +of the Southern Confederacy in England, was captured +by Captain Charles Wilkes of the U.S. Navy. The result +of the alleged mutiny was the execution, by hanging +at the yard arm, of Philip Spencer, a son of the celebrated +New York lawyer, John C. Spencer, President Tyler's +Secretary of War, and of two sailors, Samuel Cromwell and +Elisha Small. It was charged that they had conspired to +capture the ship and set adrift or murder her officers. +Being far from any home port, and uncertain of the extent +to which the spirit of disaffection had permeated the crew, +Mackenzie consulted the officers of his ship as to the proper +course for him to pursue. In accordance with their advice, +and after only a preliminary examination of witnesses +and no formal trial with testimony for the defense, they +were, as just stated, summarily executed.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_92" id="Page_92">[92]</a></span></p> + +<p>I speak from the point of view of the legal element of +New York, as my father's associates were nearly all professional +men. The world was aghast upon receiving the +news that three men had been hurled into eternity without +judge or jury. Spencer was a lad of less than nineteen +and a midshipman. Although Captain Mackenzie's action +was sustained by the court of inquiry, which was convened +in his case, as well as by the <i>esprit de corps</i> of the Navy, +public feeling ran so high that a court martial was ordered. +His trial of two months' duration took place at the +Brooklyn Navy Yard, and resulted in a verdict of "not +proven." The judge-advocate of the court was Mr. William +H. Norris of Baltimore, and Mackenzie was defended +by Mr. George Griffith and Mr. John Duer, the +latter of whom was the distinguished New York jurist +and the uncle of Captain Mackenzie's wife. At the request +of the Hon. John C. Spencer, Benjamin F. Butler +and Charles O'Conor, leaders of the New York bar, formally +applied for permission to ask questions approved +by the court and to offer testimony, but the request was +refused—"so that," as Thomas H. Benton expressed it, +"at the long <i>post mortem</i> trial which was given to the +boy after his death, the father was not allowed to ask one +question in favor of his son." After a lapse of sixty-nine +years, judging from Mackenzie's report to the +Navy Department, it almost seems as if he possessed a +touch of mediæval superstition. He speaks of Spencer +giving money and tobacco to the crew, of his being extremely +intimate with them, that he had a strange flashing +of the eye, and finally that he was in the habit of +amusing the sailors by making music with his jaws. Mackenzie +in his official report stated that this lad "had the +faculty of throwing his jaw out of joint and by contact +of the bones playing with accuracy and elegance a variety +of airs." James Fenimore Cooper stated it as his opinion, +"that such was the obliquity of intellect shown by Mac<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_93" id="Page_93">[93]</a></span>kenzie +in the whole affair, that no analysis of his motives +can be made on any consistent principle of human action;" +and the distinguished statesman, Thomas H. +Benton, whose critical and lengthy review of the whole +case would seem to carry conviction to unprejudiced +minds, declared that the three men "died innocent, as +history will tell and show."</p> + +<p>The proceedings of the Mackenzie trial were eagerly +read by an interested public. As I remember the testimony +given regarding Spencer's last moments upon earth, +Mackenzie announced to the youthful culprit that he had +but ten minutes to live. He fell at once upon his knees +and exclaimed that he was not fit to die, and the Captain +replied that he was aware of the fact, but could not help +it. It is recorded that he read his Bible and Prayer-Book, +and that the Captain referred him to the "penitent thief;" +but when he pleaded that his fate would kill his mother +and injure his father, Mackenzie made the inconsiderate +reply that the best and only service he could render his +father was to die.</p> + +<p>I recall a conversation bearing upon the <i>Somers</i> tragedy +which I overheard between my father and his early +friend, Thomas Morris, when their indignation was boundless. +The latter's son, Lieutenant Charles W. Morris, +U.S.N., had made several cruises with the alleged mutineer +Cromwell. Meeting Mackenzie he stated this fact, +saying at the same time that he found him a well-disposed +and capable seaman. Mackenzie quickly responded that +"he had a bad eye," and then Lieutenant Morris recalled +that the unfortunate man had a cast in one eye.</p> + +<p>A few years after his court-martial Mackenzie fell dead +from his horse. One of the wardroom officers of the +<i>Somers</i> was Adrian Déslonde of Louisiana, whose sister +married the Hon. John Slidell, of whom I have already +spoken as Commander Mackenzie's brother.</p> + +<p>I seldom hear the name of John Slidell without being<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_94" id="Page_94">[94]</a></span> +reminded of a witticism which I heard from my mother's +lips, the author of which was Louisa Fairlie, a daughter +of Major James Fairlie, who, during the War of the Revolution, +served upon General Steuben's staff. She was, I +have understood, a great belle with a power of repartee +which bordered upon genius. During the youth of John +Slidell he attended a dinner at a prominent New York +residence and sat at the table next to Miss Fairlie. In +a tactless manner he made a pointedly unpleasant remark +bearing upon the marriage of her sister Mary to the distinguished +actor, Thomas Apthorpe Cooper, a subject upon +which the Fairlie family was somewhat sensitive. Miss +Fairlie regarded Mr. Slidell for only a moment, and then +retorted: "Sir, you have been <i>dipped</i> not <i>moulded</i> into +society"—an incident which, by the way, I heard repeated +many years later at a dinner in China. To appreciate +this witticism, one may refer to the New York directory +of 1789, which describes John Slidell, the father of the +Slidell of whom we are speaking, as "soap boiler and +chandler, 104 Broadway." Miss Fairlie's pun seems to +me to be quite equal to that of Rufus Choate, who, when a +certain Baptist minister described himself as "a candle of +the Lord," remarked, "Then you are a dipped, but I hope +not a wick-ed candle." It is said that upon another occasion, +after the return of Mr. Slidell from a foreign trip, +he was asked by Miss Fairlie whether he had been to +Greece. He replied in the negative and asked the reason +for her query. "Oh, nothing," she said, "only it would +have been very natural for you to visit Greece in order to +renew early associations!" Many years thereafter Priscilla +Cooper, the wife of Robert Tyler and the daughter-in-law +of President John Tyler, a daughter of Thomas +Apthorpe Cooper and his wife, Mary Fairlie, presided at +the White House during the widowhood of her distinguished +father-in-law.</p> + +<p>As has already been stated, the father of the Hon. John<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_95" id="Page_95">[95]</a></span> +Slidell was a chandler, and he conducted his business with +such success that in time he became prominent in mercantile +and financial circles, and eventually was made president +of the Mechanics Bank and the Tradesmen's Insurance +Company. His son John, who at first engaged in +his father's soap and tallow business as an apprentice, +finally succeeded him, and the enterprise was continued +under the firm name of "John Slidell, Jr. and Company." +The house failed, however, and it is said that this fact, +together with the scandal attending his duel with Stephen +Price, manager of the Park Theater, in which the latter +was wounded, were the controlling factors that led the +future Hon. John Slidell to remove his residence to New +Orleans. In this place he became highly celebrated as a +lawyer, and his successful political career is well known. +He married Miss Marie Mathilde Déslonde, a member of +a well-known Creole family, and many persons still living +will recall her grace and <i>savoir faire</i> in Washington when +her husband represented Louisiana in the United States +Senate. Miss Jane Slidell, a sister of the Hon. John +Slidell, married Commodore Matthew C. Perry, U.S.N., +who opened the doors of Japan to the trade of the world, +and whose daughter, Caroline Slidell Perry, became the +wife of the late August Belmont of New York, while Julia, +another of Mr. Slidell's sisters, married the late Rear +Admiral C. R. P. Rodgers, <span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_96" id="Page_96">[96]</a></span>U.S.N.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /> +<h2>CHAPTER V</h2> + +<h3>LONG BRANCH, NEWPORT AND ELSEWHERE</h3> + + +<p>When I was about ten years of age, accompanied +by my parents, I made a visit to Long Branch, +which was then one of the most fashionable summer +resorts for New Yorkers. As we made the journey +by steamboat and the water was rough we were the victims +of a violent attack of seasickness from which few of +the passengers escaped. Many Philadelphians also spent +their summers at this resort, and there was naturally a +fair sprinkling of people from other large cities. At that +time there were no hotels in the place, but there was +one commodious boarding house which accommodated +a large number of guests. It bore no name, but was designated +as "Mrs. Sairs'," from its proprietress. In this +establishment our whole family, by no means small, found +accommodations. I recall many pleasant acquaintances we +made while there, especially that of Miss Molly Hamilton +of Philadelphia. She was a vivacious old lady, and +was accompanied by her nephew, Hamilton Beckett, in +whom I found a congenial playmate. His name made a +strong impression upon my memory, as I was then reading +the history of Thomas à Becket, the murdered Archbishop +of Canterbury. I have heard that this friend of +my childhood went eventually to England to reside. The +Penningtons of Newark had a cottage near us. William +Pennington subsequently became Governor of New Jersey. +I also enjoyed the youthful companionship of his +daughter Mary, whom many years later I met in Washington. +In the interval she had become a pronounced +belle and the wife of Hugh A. Toler of Newark.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_97" id="Page_97">[97]</a></span></p> + +<p>The guests of the boarding house were inclined to complain +that the beach was too exclusively appropriated by +two acquaintances of ours who were living in the same +house with us, Mrs. G. W. Featherstonhaugh and Mrs. +Thomas M. Willing, and their train of admirers. They were +sprightly young women and daughters of Bernard Moore +Carter of Virginia. I remember it was the gossip of the +place that both of them could count their offers of marriage +by the score. Mrs. Willing was a skilled performer +upon the harp, an instrument then much in vogue, but +whose silvery tones are now, alas, only memory's echo. +Mr. Featherstonhaugh, who was by birth an Englishman, +after residing in the United States a few years, wrote in +1847 a book entitled "Excursion through the Slave States +from Washington on the Potomac to the Frontier of +Mexico." I recall that in this volume he spoke with enthusiasm +of the <i>agréments</i> of the palate which he enjoyed +during a few days' sojourn at Barnum's Hotel in Baltimore. +He dwelt particularly, with gastronomic ecstasy, +upon the canvas-back duck and soft-shell crab upon which +he feasted, and was inclined to draw an unfavorable comparison +between the former hotel and Gadsby's, the well-known +Washington hostelry. Upon his journey he visited +Monticello, the former home of Thomas Jefferson. +His encomium on this distinguished man appealed to me +as I am sure it does to others; he spoke of him as the +"Confucius of his country." Altogether, Mr. Featherstonhaugh's +experiences in America were as novel and entertaining +as a sojourn with Aborigines.</p> + +<p>Just off the beach at Long Branch was a high bluff +which descended gradually to the sea, and at this point +were several primitive bath houses belonging to Mrs. +Sairs' establishment. Following the prevalent custom, we +wore no bathing shoes and stockings, but, accompanied +by a stalwart bathing master, we enjoyed many dips in +the briny deep, and were brought safely back by him to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_98" id="Page_98">[98]</a></span> +our bath house. There was no immodest lingering on the +beach; this privilege was reserved for the advanced civilization +of a later day.</p> + +<p>While I was still a young child, and some years after our +visit to Long Branch, my infant brother Malcolm became +seriously ill. Dr. John W. Francis, our family physician, +prescribed a change of air for him, and my parents +took him to Newport. We found pleasant accommodations +for our family in a fashionable boarding house on +Thames Street, the guests of which were composed almost +exclusively of Southern families. Newport was then in +an exceedingly primitive state and I have no recollection +of seeing either cottages or hotels, while modern improvements +were unknown. We led a simple outdoor life, +taking our breakfast at eight, dining at two and supping +at six. It was indeed "early to bed and early to rise."</p> + +<p>As I recall these early days in Newport, two fascinating +old ladies, typical Southern gentlewomen, the Misses +Philippa and Hetty Minus of Savannah, present themselves +vividly to my memory. After we returned to our +New York home we had the pleasure of meeting them +again and entertaining them. Another charming guest +of our establishment was the wife of James L. Pettigru, +an eminent citizen of South Carolina. She was the first +woman of fashion presented to my girlish vision, and +her mode of life was a revelation. She kept very late +hours, often lingering in her room the next morning until +midday. As I was then familiar with Miss Edgeworth's +books for young people, which all judicious parents purchased +for their children, I immediately designated Mrs. +Pettigru as "Lady Delacour," whose habits and fashions +are so pleasingly described in that admirable novel, "Belinda." +Although born and bred in South Carolina, Mr. +Pettigru remained loyal to the Union, and after his death +his valuable library was purchased by Congress. The +members of another representative South Carolina family,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_99" id="Page_99">[99]</a></span> +the Allstons, were also among our fellow boarders at Long +Branch. This name always brings to mind the pathetic +history of Theodosia Burr, Aaron Burr's only child, and +her sad death; while the name of Washington Allston, the +artist, is too well known to be dwelt upon.</p> + +<p>After a month's pleasant sojourn in Newport my brother's +health had materially improved and we returned to +our New York home by the way of Boston, where we +were guests at the Tremont House. I blush to acknowledge +to the Bostonians who may peruse these pages that +my chief recollection of this visit is that I was standing +on the steps of the hotel, when I was accosted by a gentleman, +who exclaimed: "You are a Campbell, I'll bet ten +thousand dollars!" I apologize for writing such a personal +reminiscence of such an historic town, but such +are the freaks of memory. This was prior to the maturer +days of William Lloyd Garrison, Wendell Phillips and +Ralph Waldo Emerson.</p> + +<p>Before passing on to other subjects I must not omit +mentioning that at this period the currency used in the +New England States differed from that of New York. +This fact was brought vividly before me in Newport when +I made an outlay of a shilling at a candy store. In return +for my Mexican quarter of a dollar I was handed a +small amount of change. I left the shop fully convinced +that I was a victim of sharp practice, but learned later +that there was a slight difference between the shilling used +in New York and that used in New England.</p> + +<p>Many years later I visited Boston again, this time as +the guest of Mr. and Mrs. Robert C. Winthrop at their +superb Brookline home; and, escorted by Mr. Winthrop +and Mr. and Mrs. Jabez L. M. Curry of Alabama, who +were also their house-guests, I visited all the points of +historical interest. Both Mr. Winthrop and Mr. Curry +were then trustees of the Peabody Fund. A few years +after we separated in Boston Mr. and Mrs. Curry went<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_100" id="Page_100">[100]</a></span> +to Spain to reside, where, as American Minister, he was +present at the birth of King Alfonso of Spain.</p> + +<p>About fifteen years later I again visited Newport, but +this time I was a full-fledged young woman. During my +absence a large number of hotels and cottages had been +erected, many of which were occupied by Southern families +who still continued to regard this Rhode Island resort +as almost exclusively their own. I recall the names of +many of them, all of whom were conspicuous in social life +in the South. Among them were the Middletons, whose +ancestors were historically prominent; the Pinckneys, descended +from the illustrious Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, +who uttered the well-known maxim, "Millions for +defense but not one cent for tribute;" the Izards; the +Draytons, of South Carolina; and the Habershams of +Georgia. During this visit in Newport I was the guest, +at their summer cottage, of my life-long friends, the +Misses Mary and Margaret Gelston, daughters of Maltby +Gelston, former President of the Manhattan Bank of +New York. Not far from the Gelstons resided what Sam +Weller would call three "widder women." They were +sisters, the daughters of Ralph Izard of Dorchester, S.C., +and bore distinguished South Carolina names; Mrs. Poinsett +who had been the wife of Joel Roberts Poinsett, the +well-known statesman and Secretary of War under Van +Buren, Mrs. Eustis, the widow of Gen. Abram Eustis, +U.S.A., who had served in the War of 1812, and Mrs. +Thomas Pinckney, whose husband, the nephew of General +Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, had been a wealthy rice +planter in South Carolina. The beautiful Christmas +flower, the poinsettia, was named in compliment to Mr. +Poinsett. These interesting women for many years were +in the habit of leaving what they called their "Carolina" +home for a summer sojourn at Newport, where their house +was one of the social centers of attraction. With their +graceful bearing, gentle voices and cordial manners they<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_101" id="Page_101">[101]</a></span> +were characteristic types of the Southern <i>grandes dames</i> +now so seldom seen. A short distance from my hosts' +cottage lived the daughter of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, +who was also the widow of Robert Goodloe Harper, +a prominent Federalist and a United States Senator during +the administrations of Madison and Monroe. Mrs. +Harper's sister married Richard Caton of Maryland, +whose daughters made such distinguished British matrimonial +alliances. Her daughter, Emily Harper, upon +whose personality I love to dwell, was from her earliest +childhood endowed with strong religious traits. Her +gentle Christian character exemplified charity to all who +were fortunate enough to come within the radius of her +influence. She was in every sense of the word a deeply +religious woman, and her influence upon those around her +was of the most elevating character.</p> + +<p>I shall always remember with the keenest enjoyment +some of the pleasant teas at this hospitable home of the +Harpers in Newport. All sects were welcomed, Episcopalians, +Presbyterians, Hebrews, Unitarians, and I doubt +not that an equally cordial reception would have awaited +Mahommedans or Hindoos. I once heard Miss Harper +say that she shared with Chateaubriand the ennobling sentiment +that the salvation of one soul was of more value +than the conquest of a kingdom. Naturally the Harper +cottage was the rendezvous for Southerners and its hospitable +roof sheltered many prominent people, especially +guests from Maryland. Mr. Maltby Gelston told me at +the time of this visit that Mrs. Harper was the only child +of a Signer then living. It is probable that he spoke +from positive knowledge, as he was an authority upon the +subject, having married the granddaughter of Philip Livingston, +a New York Signer. A few years later, when I +was married in Washington, D.C., I was deeply gratified +when Miss Harper came from Baltimore to attend +my wedding. The marked attentions paid to her by Caleb<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_102" id="Page_102">[102]</a></span> +Cushing, then Attorney-General under President Pierce, +were the source of much gossip, but she seemed entirely +indifferent to his devotion. I once heard him express +great annoyance after a trip to Baltimore because he +failed to see her on account of a headache with which she +was said to be suffering, and he inquired of me in a petulant +manner whether headaches were an universal feminine +malady. Like her mother, she lived to a very advanced +age and when she departed this life the world lost +one of its saintliest characters.</p> + +<p>One of the most attractive cottages in Newport at the +time of my second visit was occupied by Mr. and Mrs. +Henry Casimir de Rham of New York. It was densely +shaded by a number of graceful silver-maple trees. Mr. +de Rham was a prosperous merchant of Swiss extraction, +whose wife was Miss Maria Theresa Moore, a member of +one of New York's most prominent families and a niece +of Bishop Benjamin Moore of New York.</p> + +<p>The social leaders of Newport at this period were Mr. +and Mrs. Robert Morgan Gibbes, whose winter home was in +New York. Mr. Gibbes, who, by the way, was a great-uncle +of William Waldorf Astor, was a South Carolinian by +birth and had married Miss Emily Oliver of Paterson, New +Jersey. They lived in a handsome house, gave sumptuous +entertainments, and had an interesting family of daughters, +several of whom I knew quite well. One well-remembered +evening I attended a party at their house which was regarded +as the social affair of the season. It made a lasting +impression upon my mind owing to a trivial circumstance +which seems hardly worth relating. It was the +first time I had ever seen mottoes used at entertainments, +and at this party they were exceptionally handsome. The +one which fell to my share, and which I treasured for +some time, bore upon it a large bunch of red currants. +These favors were always imported, and a few years later +became so fashionable that no dinner or supper table was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_103" id="Page_103">[103]</a></span> +regarded as quite the proper thing without them. I take +it for granted that this custom was the origin of the german +favors which in the course of time came into such +general use.</p> + +<p>In 1853 I made a third visit to Newport as the guest +of Mrs. Winfield Scott. General Scott's headquarters +were then in Washington, but, as his military views were +widely divergent from those of Jefferson Davis, President +Pierce's Secretary of War, he was urging the President +to transfer him to New York. I have frequently heard +the General jocosely remark that he longed for a Secretary +of War who would not "make him cry." The +Scotts at this period were spending their winters in Washington +and their summers in Newport. Meanwhile his +numerous admirers, in recognition of his distinguished +services, presented him with a house on West Twelfth +Street which was occupied by him and his family after +his transfer to New York. The principal donor of this +residence was the Hon. Hamilton Fish.</p> + +<p>After a charming sojourn of several weeks in Newport, +I was about returning to my home when I casually +invited General Scott's youngest daughter, Marcella +("Ella"), then only a schoolgirl, to accompany me to +Miss Harper's cottage, as I wished to say good-bye. Upon +entering the drawing-room a cousin and guest of Miss +Harper's, Charles Carroll McTavish of Howard County, +Maryland, appeared upon the threshold and was introduced +to us. He was then approaching middle life and I +learned later that he had served some years in the Russian +Army. Marcella Scott's appearance apparently fascinated +him from the moment they met, and from that day +he began to be devotedly attentive to her. Mrs. Scott, +however, entirely disapproved of Mr. McTavish's attentions +to her daughter on account of her extreme youth. A +few months later Marcella returned to Madame Chegaray's +school, where she became a boarding pupil and was not<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_104" id="Page_104">[104]</a></span> +allowed to see visitors. The following winter she was +taken ill with typhoid fever, and, when convalescent +enough to be moved, was brought to my home in Houston +Street, New York, to recuperate, as the Scotts were still +living in Washington and the journey was considered too +long and arduous to be taken by an invalid. Meanwhile, +Mr. McTavish renewed his attentions to Miss Scott and +the impression made was more than a passing fancy for +in the following June they were married in the Twelfth +Street house of which I have already spoken, General +Scott having in the interim succeeded in having his headquarters +removed to New York.</p> + +<p>I had the pleasure of being present at this wedding, +which, in spite of a warm day in June and the many +absentees from the city, was one of exceptional brilliancy. +The Army and Navy were well represented, the +officers of both branches of the service appearing in +full-dress uniform. The hour appointed for the ceremony +was high noon, but an amusing <i>contretemps</i> blocked +the way. An incorrigible mantua-maker, faithless to all +promises and regardless of every sense of propriety, +failed to send home the bridal dress at the appointed +time. This state of affairs proved decidedly embarrassing, +but the guests were informed of the cause of the delay +and patiently awaited developments. Behind the +scenes, however, quite a different spectacle was presented, +while amid much bustle and excitement a second wedding +gown was being hurriedly prepared. After an hour's +delay, however, the belated garment arrived, when the +bride-elect was quickly dressed and walked into the large +drawing-room in all of her bridal finery, leaning, as was +then the custom, upon the arm of the groom. Archbishop +Hughes conducted the wedding service, and seized upon +the auspicious occasion to make an address of some length. +Previous to the ceremony, my intimate friend, the young +bride's older sister, Cornelia Scott, who a few years pre<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_105" id="Page_105">[105]</a></span>vious +had become while in Rome a convert to Catholicism, +asked me with much earnestness of manner to do my best +to entertain the Archbishop, as she thought, in her kind +way, that he might be somewhat out of his element when +surrounded by such a large and fashionable assemblage. +This was, indeed, a pleasing task, as it enabled me to renew +my earlier acquaintance with this gifted prelate. +The only member of the groom's family present at this +ceremony was his handsome brother, Alexander S. McTavish, +who came from Baltimore for the occasion. Strange +to say, in view of the many presents usually displayed +upon such occasions nowadays, I do not remember, although +I was a family guest, seeing or hearing of a single +bridal gift, but some of the wedding guests I recall very +distinctly. Among them were Mr. and Mrs. Charles +King, the former of whom was President of Columbia +College and an intimate friend of General Scott's; Mr. +and Mrs. Robert Ray, whose daughter Cornelia married +Major Schuyler Hamilton, aide-de-camp to General Scott +during the Mexican war; Prof. Clement C. Moore and his +daughter Theresa; Mr. and Mrs. Edward Mayo of Elizabeth, +N.J., the former of whom was Mrs. Scott's brother; +Mrs. Robert Henry Cabell, a sister of Mrs. Scott's from +Richmond; Major Thomas Williams, an aide to General +Scott, who was killed during the Civil War; and Major +Henry L. Scott, aide and son-in-law of General Scott.</p> + +<p>The same evening, after the wedding guests had departed +and quiet again reigned supreme in the household, +I went to Mrs. Scott's room to sit with her, as +she seemed sad and lonely, and at the same time to +talk over with her, womanlike, the events of the day. +In our quiet conversation I remember referring to Archbishop +Hughes's address to the groom, and asked her if +she had observed that he had dwelt upon the bride "being +taken from an affectionate father," while the remaining +members of the family were entirely ignored. Mrs.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_106" id="Page_106">[106]</a></span> +Scott immediately bristled up and with much warmth of +feeling said that she had noticed the omission and believed +that the action of the Archbishop was premeditated. +Just here was an undercurrent which as an intimate +friend of the family I fully understood. After Virginia +Scott's death at the Georgetown Convent Mrs. Scott was +most outspoken in her denunciation of the Roman Catholic +Church, which she felt had robbed her of her daughter.</p> + +<p>Some years after his marriage Charles Carroll McTavish +applied to the Legislature of Maryland for permission to +drop his surname and to assume that of his great-grandfather, +Charles Carroll. As this request was strenuously +opposed by other descendants of the Signer, who regarded +it as inexpedient to increase the number of Charles Carrolls, +the petition of Mr. McTavish was not granted. +Mary Wellesley McTavish, his sister, I remember as a +sprightly young woman of fine appearance. She made +her <i>début</i> in London society as the guest of her aunt, +Mary McTavish, wife of the Marquis of Wellesley. After +a brief courtship she married Henry George Howard, +a son of the Earl of Carlisle, and accompanied him to the +Netherlands, where he was the accredited British Minister. +Mrs. George Bancroft, wife of the historian, who accompanied +her husband when he was our Minister to England, +gave me an interesting sketch of Mrs. Howard's varied +life. Death finally claimed her in Paris and her body +was brought back to this country and buried in Maryland, +the home of her youth. Her mother, who brought the remains +across the ocean, soon after her bereavement, established +"The House of the Good Shepherd" in Baltimore.</p> + +<p>Three daughters of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Carroll McTavish +grew into womanhood. The elder sisters, Mary +and Emily, both of whom were well known for their +beauty and vivacity, entered upon cloistered lives. Just +as the two sisters were about taking this step, they<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_107" id="Page_107">[107]</a></span> +made a request, which caused much comment, to the effect +that they should be assigned to different convents. I +understand that Mrs. McTavish, their mother, is still living +in Rome with the unmarried daughter. During Mrs. +Scott's residence in Paris she was invited to witness the +ceremony of "taking the veil" at a prominent convent, +and writing to her family at home she remarked: "How +strange that human beings, knowing the fickleness of their +natures, should bind themselves for life to one limited +space and unvarying mode of existence."</p> + +<p>Hoboken, or, as it was sometimes called, Paulus Hook, +was a great resort in my earlier life for residents of the +great metropolis. We children, accompanied by my +father or some other grown person, delighted to roam in +that locality over what was most appropriately termed +the "Elysian Fields." Professional landscape-gardening +had not then been thought of, but nature's achievements +often surpass the embellishments of man. Our cup +of happiness was full to the brim when we were taken to +this entrancing spot overlooking the Hudson River, with +its innumerable sloops, steamboats and tugs adding so +much to the picturesqueness of the scene. As we strolled +along, we regaled ourselves every now and then with a refreshing +glass of mead, a concoction of honey and cold +water, purchased from a passing vender; and when cakes +or candy were added to the refreshing drink life seemed +very <i>couleur de rose</i> to our childish dreams. Then again +we made occasional trips up the river, but the steamboats +and other excursion craft of that day were of course mere +pigmies compared with those of the present time. The +cabin always had a large dining table, on either side of +which was a line of berths. Guests were called to dinner +at one o'clock by the vigorous ringing of a large bell +in the hands of a colored waiter dressed in a white +apron and jacket. I have often thought how surprised +and pleased this old-time servant, universally seen in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_108" id="Page_108">[108]</a></span> +every well-to-do household in those days, would be if he +could return to earth and hear himself addressed as +"butler."</p> + +<p>It was upon one of these trips up the Hudson that the +widow of General Alexander Hamilton and her daughter, +Mrs. Hamilton Holly, were taking their mid-day repast, +at one end of the long table, when they were informed +that Aaron Burr was partaking of the same meal not far +from them. Their indignation was boundless, and immediately +there were two vacant chairs. Mrs. Holly was +a woman of strong intellect, and a friendship which I +formed with her is one of the most cherished memories +of my life. She devoted her widowhood to the care of her +aged mother. We often engaged in confidential conversations, +when she would discuss the tragedies which so +clouded her life. I especially remember her dwelling +upon the sad history of her sister, Angelica Hamilton, +who, she told me, was in the bloom of health and surrounded +by everything that goes towards making life +happy when her eldest brother, Philip Hamilton, was +killed in a duel. He had but recently been graduated from +Columbia College and lost his life in 1801 on the same +spot where, about three years later, his father was killed +by Aaron Burr. This dreadful event affected her so +deeply that her mind became unbalanced, and she was +finally placed in an asylum, where she died at a very advanced +age. Mrs. Hamilton lived in Washington, D.C., +in one of the De Menou buildings on H Street, between +Thirteenth and Fourteenth Streets, and Mrs. Holly resided +in the same city until her death.</p> + +<p>Tragedy seemed to pursue the Hamilton family with +unrelenting perseverance until the third generation. In +1858 the legislature of Virginia, desiring that every native +President should repose upon Virginia soil, made an +appropriation for removing the remains of James Monroe +from New York to Richmond. He died on the 4th<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_109" id="Page_109">[109]</a></span> +of July, 1831, while temporarily residing in New York +with his daughter, Mrs. Samuel L. Gouverneur, and his +body was placed in the Gouverneur vault in the Marble +Cemetery on Second Street, east of Second Avenue, where +it remained for nearly thirty years. The disinterment +of the remains of this distinguished statesman was conducted +with much pomp and ceremony and the body +placed on board of the steamer <i>Jamestown</i> and conveyed +to Richmond, accompanied all the way by the 7th Regiment +of New York which acted as a guard of honor. The +orator of the occasion was John Cochrane, a distinguished +member of the New York bar; while Henry A. Wise, then +Governor of Virginia, delivered an appropriate address +at the grave in Hollywood Cemetery in Richmond. My +husband, Samuel L. Gouverneur, junior, Monroe's grandson, +accompanied the remains as the representative of the +family. After the ceremonies in Richmond were completed, +but before the 7th Regiment had embarked upon +its homeward voyage, one of its members, Laurens Hamilton, +a grandson of Alexander Hamilton and a son of John +C. Hamilton, was drowned near Richmond. All the proceedings +connected with the removal of Mr. Monroe's remains, +both in New York and in Richmond, were published +some years later by Udolpho Wolfe, a neighbor and +admirer of the late President. A copy of the book was +presented to each member of the 7th Regiment and one +of them was also given by the compiler to my husband. +A few years later this same New York regiment invaded +Virginia, but under greatly different circumstances. A +terrible civil war was raging, and the Old Dominion for +a time was its principal battle ground.</p> + +<p>I recall an amusing anecdote which Mr. Gouverneur +told me upon his return from this visit to Richmond. +While the great concourse of people was still assembled +at Monroe's grave in Hollywood Cemetery, Governor +Henry A. Wise, always proud of his State, remarked:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_110" id="Page_110">[110]</a></span> +"Now we must have all the native Presidents of Virginia +buried within this inclosure." Immediately a vigorous +hand was placed on his shoulder by a New York alderman +who had accompanied the funeral <i>cortège</i>, who exclaimed +in characteristic Bowery vernacular: "Go ahead, +Governor, you'll fotch 'em."</p> + +<p>The only mode of travel on the Hudson River in my +early days was by boat. One of my recollections is seeing +Captain Vanderbilt in command of a steamboat. +I have heard older members of my family say that +he designated himself "Captain Wanderbilt," and that +his faithful wife's endearing mode of accosting him +was "Corneil." At any rate, it is well-known that +he began life by operating a rowboat ferry between +Staten Island and New York. In later years a sailboat +was substituted over this same route. The Hudson River +Railroad was originally built under the direction of a +number of prominent men in the State who were anything +but skilled in such enterprises. In the beginning of its +career, while high officials bestowed fat offices upon friends +and relatives, its finances were in a chaotic condition. It +was during this state of affairs that Commodore Vanderbilt, +with a master mind, grasped the situation and reorganized +the whole system, thereby greatly increasing his +own fortune, and placing the railroad upon a sound +financial basis. After such a remarkable career "blindness +to the future" seems unkindly given, as doubtless it +would have been a source of great satisfaction to this +Vanderbilt progenitor could he have known before passing +onward that his hard-earned wealth would eventually +enrich his descendants, even the representatives of nobility.</p> + +<p>I have before me an invitation to a New York Assembly, +dated the 29th of January, 1841, addressed to my father +and mother, which has followed my wanderings through +seventy years. All of the managers, a list of whom I<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_111" id="Page_111">[111]</a></span> +give, were representative citizens as well as prominent +society men of the day:</p> + + +<div class='center'> +<table border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" summary="Society Men"> +<tr><td align='left'>Abm. Schermerhorn, </td><td align='left'>J. Swift Livingston,</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Edmd. Pendleton,</td><td align='left'>Jacob R. LeRoy,</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>James W. Otis,</td><td align='left'>Thos. W. Ludlow,</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Wm. Douglas,</td><td align='left'>Chas. McEvers, Jr.,</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Henry Delafield,</td><td align='left'>William S. Miller,</td></tr> +<tr><td align='left'>Henry W. Hicks,</td><td align='left'>Charles C. King.</td></tr> +</table></div> + +<p>Abraham Schermerhorn belonged to a wealthy New +York family, and Edmund Pendleton was a Virginian +by birth who resided in New York where he became +socially prominent. James W. Otis was of the Harrison +Gray Otis family of Boston and, as I have already stated, +I was at school with his daughter, Sally. William Douglas +was a bachelor living in an attractive residence on +Park Place, where he occasionally entertained his friends. +He belonged to a thrifty family of Scotch descent and had +two sisters, Mrs. Douglas Cruger and Mrs. James Monroe, +whose husband was a namesake and nephew of the ex-President. +Early in the last century their mother, Mrs. +George Douglas, gave a ball, and I insert some doggerel +with reference to it written by Miss Anne Macmaster, +who later became Mrs. Charles Russell Codman of Boston. +These verses are interesting from the fact that they +give the names of many of the <i>belles</i> and <i>beaux</i> of that +time:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">I meant, my dear Fanny, to give you a call<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And tell you the news of the Douglases ball;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">But the weather's so bad,—I've a cold in my head,—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And I daren't venture out; so I send you instead<br /></span> +<span class="i0">A poetic epistle—for plain humble prose<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Is not worthy the joys of this ball to disclose.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">To begin with our entrance, we came in at nine,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The two rooms below were prodigiously fine,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And the <i>coup d'oeil</i> was shewy and brilliant 'tis true,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Pretty faces not wanting, some old and some new.<br /></span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_112" id="Page_112">[112]</a></span> +<span class="i0">But, oh! my dear cousin, no words can describe<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The excess of the crowd—like two swarms in one hive.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The squeezing and panting, the blowing and puffing,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The smashing, the crushing, the snatching, the stuffing,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">I'd have given my new dress, at one time, I declare,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">(The white satin and roses), for one breath of air!<br /></span> +<span class="i0">But oh! how full often I inwardly sighed<br /></span> +<span class="i0">O'er the wreck of those roses, so lately my pride;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Those roses, my own bands so carefully placed,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">As I fondly believed, with such exquisite taste.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Then to see them so cruelly torn and destroyed<br /></span> +<span class="i0">I assure you, my dear, I was vastly annoyed.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The ballroom with garlands was prettily drest,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">But a small room for dancing it must be confess'd,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">If you chanc'd to get in you were lucky no doubt,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">But oh! luckier far, if you chanced to get out!<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And pray who were there? Is the question you'll ask.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">To name the one half would be no easy task—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">There were Bayards and Clarksons, Van Hornes and LeRoys,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">All famous, you well know, for making a noise.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">There were Livingstons, Lenoxes, Henrys and Hoffmans,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And Crugers and Carys, Barnewalls and Bronsons,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Delanceys and Dyckmans and little De Veaux,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Gouverneurs and Goelets and Mr. Picot,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And multitudes more that would tire me to reckon,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">But I must not forget the pretty Miss Whitten.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">No particular belle claimed the general attention,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">There were many, however, most worthy of mention.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The lily of Leonards' might hold the first place<br /></span> +<span class="i0">For sweetness of manner, and beauty and grace.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Her cousin Eliza and little Miss Gitty<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Both danc'd very lightly, and looked very pretty.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The youngest Miss Mason attracted much notice,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">So did Susan Le Roy and the English Miss Otis;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Of <i>Beaux</i> there were plenty, some new ones 'tis true,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">But I won't mention names, no, not even to you.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">I was lucky in getting good partners, however,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Above all, the two Emmetts, so lively and clever.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">With Morris and Maitland I danc'd; and with Sedgwick,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Martin Wilkins, young Armstrong and droll William Renwick.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The old lady was mightily deck'd for the Ball<br /></span> +<span class="i0">With Harriet's pearls—and the little one's shawl;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">But to give her her due she was civil enough,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Only tiresome in asking the people to stuff.<br /></span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_113" id="Page_113">[113]</a></span> +<span class="i0">There was supper at twelve for those who could get it,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">I came in too late, but I did not regret it,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">For eating at parties was never my passion,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And I'm sorry to see that it's so much the fashion.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">After supper, for dancing we'd plenty of room,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And so pleasant it was, that I did not get home<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Until three—when the ladies began to look drowsy,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The lamps to burn dim, and the Laird to grow boosy.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The ball being ended, I've no more to tell—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And so, my dear Fanny, I bid you farewell.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>In the old pamphlet from which I have already quoted, +edited in 1845 by Moses Y. Beach and compiled for the +purpose of furnishing information concerning the status +of New York citizens to banks, merchants and others, I +find the following amusing description of George Douglas: +"George Douglas was a Scotch merchant who +hoarded closely. His wine cellar was more extensive than +his library. When George used to see people speculating +and idle it distressed him. He would say: 'People get +too many <i>idees</i> in their head. Why don't they work?' +What a blessing he is not alive in this moonshine age of +dreamy schemings." Mr. Beach apparently was not capable +of appreciating a thrifty Scotchman.</p> + +<p>This same pamphlet gives an account of a picturesque +character whom I distinctly remember as a highly prominent +citizen of New York. His parentage was involved +in mystery, and has remained so until this day. I refer +to Mr. Preserved Fish, the senior member of the firm of +Fish, Grinnell & Co., which subsequently became the +prominent business house of Grinnell, Minturn & Co. +Sustained by the apparel peculiar to infants, he was found +floating in the water by some New Bedford fishermen +who, unable to discover his identity, bestowed upon him +the uncouth name which, willingly or unwillingly, he bore +until the day of his death. He and the other members +of his firm were originally from New Bedford, one of the +chief centers of the whale fisheries of New England, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_114" id="Page_114">[114]</a></span> +came to New York to attend to the oil and candle industries +of certain merchants of the former city. Few business +men in New York in my day were more highly respected +for indomitable energy and personal integrity +than Mr. Fish. He became President of the Tradesmen's +Bank, and held other positions of responsibility and trust. +He represented an ideal type of the self-made man, and +in spite of an unknown origin and a ridiculous name battled +successfully with life without a helping hand.</p> + +<p>In connection with the Douglas family, I recall a beautiful +wedding reception which, as well as I can remember, +took place in the autumn of 1850, at Fanwood, Fort +Washington, then a suburb of New York. The bride was +Fanny Monroe, a daughter of Colonel James Monroe, +U.S.A., and granddaughter of Mrs. Douglas of whose +ball I have just spoken. The groom was Douglas Robinson, +a native of Scotland. It was a gorgeous autumn day +when the votaries of pleasure and fashion in New York +drove out to Fanwood, where groomsmen of social prominence +stood upon the wide portico to greet the guests and +conduct them to the side of the newly married pair. Mrs. +Winfield Scott was our guest in Houston Street at the +time, but did not accompany us to the wedding as no invitation +had reached her. My presence reminded Mrs. +Monroe that Mrs. Scott was in New York, and she immediately +inquired why I had not brought her with me. As +I gave the reason both Colonel and Mrs. Monroe seemed +exceedingly annoyed. It seems that her invitation had +been sent to Washington but had not been forwarded to +her in New York. In those days Mrs. Scott's distinguished +presence and sparkling repartee, together with +the fact that her husband was Commander-in-Chief of +the Army, added luster to every assemblage. The Army +was well represented at this reception and it was truly +"the feast of reason and the flow of soul." Colonel +"Jimmy" Monroe was a great favorite with his former<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_115" id="Page_115">[115]</a></span> +brother-in-arms as he was a genial, whole-souled and hospitable +gentleman. My sister Margaret and I were accompanied +to Fanwood by an army officer, Colonel Donald +Fraser, a bachelor whom I had met some years before +at West Point. The paths of the bride and myself diverged, +and it was a very long time before we met again. +It was only a few years ago, while she was residing temporarily +in Washington. She was then, however, a widow +and was living in great retirement. She is now deceased.</p> + +<p>When we alighted from our carriage the day of the +Monroe-Robinson wedding at Fanwood a young man +whom I subsequently learned was Mr. Samuel L. Gouverneur, +junior, a cousin of the bride, walked over to me, +asked my name and in his capacity of groomsman inquired +whether I would allow him to present me to the +bride. I was particularly impressed by his appearance, +as it was unusually attractive. He had raven-black hair, +large bluish-gray eyes and regular features; but what +added to his charm in my youthful fancy was the fact +that he had only recently returned from the Mexican War, +in which, as I learned later, he had served with great gallantry +in the 4th Artillery. I had never seen him before, +although in thinking the matter over a few days later I +remembered that I had met his mother and sister in society +in New York. I did not see him again until five +years later, when our paths crossed in Washington, and +in due time I became his bride.</p> + +<p>To return to the New York Assembly in 1841. Henry +Delafield, whose name appears on the card of invitation, +belonged to a well-known family. His father, an Englishman +by birth, settled in New York in 1783 and is described +in an early city directory as "John Delafield, Insurance +Broker, 29 Water Street." The Delafields were +a large family of brothers and were highly prosperous. +I remember once hearing Dr. John W. Francis say: "Put +a Delafield on a desert island in the middle of the ocean,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_116" id="Page_116">[116]</a></span> +and he will thrive and prosper." Henry Delafield and +his brother William were almost inseparable. They were +twins and strikingly alike in appearance. General Richard +Delafield, U.S.A., for many years Superintendent +of the Military Academy at West Point, was another +brother, as was also Dr. Edward Delafield, a physician +of note, who lived in Bleecker Street and in 1839 married +Miss Julia Floyd of Long Island, a granddaughter of +William Floyd, one of the New York Signers. About +thirty-five years ago three of the Delafield brothers, +Joseph, Henry and Edward, all advanced in life, died +within a few days of each other and were buried in Greenwood +Cemetery at the same time, the funeral taking place +from old Trinity Church. On this occasion all the old +customs were observed, and the coffins were made of solid +mahogany.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 313px;"><a name="img3" id="img3"></a> +<a href="images/img03.jpg"><img src="images/img03th.jpg" width="313" height="400" alt="Samuel L. Gouverneur, Junior." title="" /></a> +<span class="caption">Samuel L. Gouverneur, Junior.</span> +</div> + +<p>John Swift Livingston lived in Leonard Street, and I +recall very pleasantly a party which I attended at his +house before the marriage of his daughter Estelle to General +John Watts de Peyster. The latter, together with +his first cousins, General "Phil" Kearny and Mrs. Alexander +Macomb, inherited an enormous fortune from his +grandfather John Watts, who was one of the most prominent +men of his day and the founder of the Leake and +Watts Orphan House, which is still in existence. John G. +Leake was an Englishman who came to New York to live +and, dying without heirs, left his fortune to Robert Watts, +a minor son of John Watts. Robert Watts, however, did +not long survive his benefactor. Upon his death the +Leake will was contested by his relatives, but a decision +was rendered in favor of the nearest kin of the boy, who +was his father. After gaining his victory John Watts +established this Orphan House and with true magnanimity +placed Leake's name before his own. Jacob R. LeRoy +lived in Greenwich Street near the Battery, which +at this time was a fashionable section of the city. His<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_117" id="Page_117">[117]</a></span> +sister Caroline, whom I knew, became the second wife of +Daniel Webster. Mr. LeRoy's daughter Charlotte married +Rev. Henry de Koven, whose son is the musical genius, +Reginald de Koven. Henry W. Hicks was the son of a +prominent Quaker merchant and a member of the firm of +Hicks & Co., which did an enormous shipping business +until its suspension, about 1847, owing to foreign business +embarrassments. Thomas W. Ludlow was a wealthy citizen, +genial and most hospitably inclined. He owned a +handsome country-seat near Tarrytown, and every now +and then it was his pleasure to charter a steamboat to +convey his guests thither; and I recall several pleasant +days I spent in this manner. When we reached the Tarrytown +home a fine collation always awaited us and in its +wake came music and dancing. Charles McEvers, junior, +belonged to an old New York family and was one of the +executors of the Vanden Heuvel estate. His niece, Mary +McEvers, married Sir Edward Cunard, who was knighted +by Queen Victoria. William Starr Miller married a niece +of Philip Schuyler, who was a woman possessing many +excellent traits of character. As far as I can remember, +she was the only divorced person of those days who was +well received in society, for people with "past histories" +were then regarded with marked disfavor.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_118" id="Page_118">[118]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER VI</h2> + +<h3>SOME DISTINGUISHED ACQUAINTANCES</h3> + + +<p>In close proximity to St. John's Park, during my early +life on Hubert Street, there resided a Frenchman +named Laurent Salles, and I have a vivid recollection +of a notable marriage which was solemnized in his mansion. +The groom, Lispenard Stewart, married his daughter, +Miss Louise Stephanie Salles, but the young and pretty +bride survived her marriage for only a few years. She +left two children, one of whom is Mrs. Frederick Graham +Lee, whom I occasionally see in Washington, where with +her husband she spends her winters.</p> + +<p>When playing in St. John's Park in this same neighborhood, +I made the acquaintance of Margaret Tillotson Kemble, +one of the young daughters of William Kemble already +mentioned as living on Beach Street, opposite that Park. +Mr. Kemble was the son of Peter Kemble, member of the +prominent firm of "Gouverneur and Kemble," shipping +merchants of New York, which traded with China and +other foreign countries. This firm, the senior members of +which were the brothers Nicholas and Isaac Gouverneur, +was bound together by a close family tie, as Mrs. Peter +Kemble was Gertrude Gouverneur, a sister of the two +Gouverneur brothers. My intimacy with Margaret Tillotson +Kemble, formed almost from the cradle, lasted without +a break throughout life. She was a second cousin of my +husband and married Charles J. Nourse, a member of the +old Georgetown, D.C., family. The last years of her life +were entirely devoted to good works. Her sister, Mary, +married Dr. Frederick D. Lente, at one time physician to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_119" id="Page_119">[119]</a></span> +the West Point foundry, at Cold Spring, N.Y., and subsequently +a distinguished general practitioner in New +York and Saratoga Springs. Ellen Kemble, the other sister, +of whom I have already spoken, never married. She +was eminent for her piety, and her whole life was largely +devoted to works of charity.</p> + +<p>The Kemble house on Beach Street was always a social +center and I think I can truthfully say it was more than +a second home to me. Mrs. William Kemble, who was +Miss Margaret Chatham Seth of Maryland, was a woman +of decided social tastes and a most efficient assistant to +her husband in dispensing hospitality. Gathered around +her hearthstone was a large family of girls and boys who +naturally added much brightness to the household. Mr. +Kemble was a well-known patron of art and his house became +the rendezvous for persons of artistic tastes. It was +in his drawing-room that I met William Cullen Bryant; +Charles B. King of Washington, whose portraits are so +well known; John Gadsby Chapman, who painted the "Baptism +of Pocahontas," now in the rotunda of the Capitol at +Washington; Asher B. Durand, the celebrated artist; and +Mr. Kemble's brother-in-law, James K. Paulding, who at +the time was Secretary of the Navy under President Martin +Van Buren. Mr. Kemble was one of the founders of +the Century Club of New York, a life member of the +Academy of Design, and in 1817, at the age of twenty-one, +in conjunction with his older brother, Gouverneur Kemble, +established the West Point foundry, which for a long +period received heavy ordnance contracts from the United +States government. The famous Parrott guns were manufactured +there. Captain Robert P. Parrott, their inventor +and an army officer, married Mary Kemble, a sister of +Gouverneur and William Kemble, who in early life was +regarded as a beauty. Mr. William Kemble, apart from +his artistic tastes, owned a number of fine pictures, among +which was a Sappho by a Spanish master. It was given<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_120" id="Page_120">[120]</a></span> +to Mrs. Kemble by the grandfather of the late Rear +Admiral Richard W. Meade, U.S.N. When the Kemble +family left Beach Street and moved to West Twenty-fifth +Street this picture was sold to Gouverneur Kemble +for $5,000, and placed in his extensive picture gallery at +Cold Spring.</p> + +<p>Mrs. William Kemble was a woman of marked ability +and an able <i>raconteurse</i>. Early in life she had been left +an orphan and was brought up by her maternal uncle, Dr. +Thomas Tillotson of the Eastern shore of Maryland, whose +wife was Margaret Livingston, a daughter of Judge Robert +R. Livingston and a sister of Chancellor Robert R. Livingston. +Another sister of Mrs. Tillotson was the widow +of General Richard Montgomery, of the Revolutionary +War, who fell at the battle of Quebec. The Tillotsons, +Livingstons and Montgomerys all owned fine residences +near Hyde Park on the Hudson; and a close intimacy +existed between the Tillotsons and the Kembles owing to the +fact that Mr. Kemble's first cousin, Emily Gouverneur, +married Mrs. Kemble's first cousin, Robert Livingston +Tillotson. William Kemble's younger brother, Richard +Frederick, married Miss Charlotte Morris, daughter of +James Morris of Morrisania, N.Y.</p> + +<p>The summer home of William Kemble was in a large +grove of trees at Cold Spring and life under its roof +was indeed an ideal existence. I was their constant guest +and although it was a simple life it teemed with beauty +and interest. Our days were spent principally out of +doors and the sources of amusement were always near at +hand. As all of the Kembles were experts with the oar, +we frequently spent many hours on the Hudson. Another +unfailing source of pleasure was a frequent visit to West +Point to witness the evening parade. As we knew many +of the cadets they frequently crossed the river to take an +informal meal or enjoy an hour's talk on the attractive +lawn. Lieutenant Colonel (subsequently General) William<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_121" id="Page_121">[121]</a></span> +J. Hardee, who for a long time was Commandant of +Cadets at West Point, I knew quite well. Later in his +career he was ordered to Washington, where as a widower +he became a social lion, devoting himself chiefly to Isabella +Cass, a daughter of General Lewis Cass. His career in +the Confederate Army is too well known for me to relate. +After the Civil War I never saw him again, as he lived in +the South. During one of my visits at the Kembles General +Robert E. Lee was the Superintendent of the West +Point Military Academy, but of him I shall speak hereafter.</p> + +<p>Among the cadets whom I recall are Henry Heth of +Virginia, an officer who was subsequently highly esteemed +in the Army, and who, at the breaking out of the Civil +War, followed the fortunes of his native state and became +a Major General in the Confederate Army; Innis N. +Palmer, whom I met many years later in Washington +when he had attained the rank of General; and Cadet +Daniel M. Beltzhoover of Pennsylvania, a musical genius, +who was a source of great pleasure to us but whose career +I have not followed.</p> + +<p>At this period in the history of West Point Cozzen's +Hotel was the only hostelry within the military enclosure. +A man named Benny Havens kept a store in close proximity +to the Military Academy, but as it was not upon government +territory no cadet was allowed to enter the premises. +Although liquor was his principal stock in trade he +kept other articles of merchandise, but only as a cover for +his unlawful traffic. The cadets had their weaknesses then +as now, and as this shop was "forbidden fruit" many of +them visited his resort under the cover of darkness. If +caught there "after taps," the punishment was dismissal. +The following selections from a dozen verses written by +Lieutenant Lucius O'Brien, U.S.A., and others, which I +remember hearing the cadets frequently sing, were set to +the tune of "Wearing of the Green":<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_122" id="Page_122">[122]</a></span></p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Come, fill your glasses, fellows, and stand up in a row,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">To singing sentimentally, we're going for to go;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">In the army there's sobriety, promotion's very slow,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">So we'll sing our reminiscences of Benny Havens, oh!<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i4">Oh, Benny Havens, oh!—oh! Benny Havens oh!<br /></span> +<span class="i4">So we'll sing our reminiscences of Benny Havens, oh!<br /></span> +</div> +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> +<div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Come, fill up to our Generals, God bless the brave heroes,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">They're an honor to their country and a terror to her foes;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">May they long rest on their laurels and trouble never know,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">But live to see a thousand years at Benny Havens, oh!<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Here's a health to General Taylor, whose "rough and ready" blow<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Struck terror to the <i>rancheros</i> of braggart Mexico;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">May his country ne'er forget his deeds, and ne'er forget to show<br /></span> +<span class="i0">She holds him worthy of a place at Benny Havens, oh!<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">To the "veni vidi vici" man, to Scott, the great hero,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Fill up the goblet to the brim, let no one shrinking go;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">May life's cares on his honored head fall light as flakes of snow,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And his fair fame be ever great at Benny Havens, oh!<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>Lieutenant O'Brien died in the winter of 1841 and the +following verse to his memory was fittingly added to his +song:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">From the courts of death and danger from Tampa's deadly shore,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">There comes a wail of manly grief, "O'Brien is no more,"<br /></span> +<span class="i0">In the land of sun and flowers his head lies pillowed low,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">No more he'll sing "Petite Coquette" or Benny Havens, oh!<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>Since then numerous other verses have been added, +from time to time, and, for aught I know to the contrary, +the composition is still growing. After the death of General +Scott in 1866 the following verse was added:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Another star has faded, we miss its brilliant glow,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">For the veteran Scott has ceased to be a soldier here below;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And the country which he honored now feels a heart-felt woe,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">As we toast his name in reverence at Benny Havens, oh!<br /></span> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_123" id="Page_123">[123]</a></span></div></div> + +<p>I wish that I could recall more of these lines as some +of the prominent men of the Army were introduced in +the most suggestive fashion. Benny Havens doubtless has +been sleeping his last sleep for these many years, but I +am sure that some of these verses are still remembered by +many of the surviving graduates of West Point.</p> + +<p>In the vicinity of William Kemble's cottage at Cold +Spring was the permanent home of his older brother, Gouverneur +Kemble. For a few years during his earlier life +he served as U.S. Consul at Cadiz, under the administration +of President Monroe. His Cold Spring home was of +historic interest and for many years was the scene of lavish +hospitality. General Scott once remarked that he was "the +most perfect gentleman in the United States." The most +distinguished men of the day gathered around his table, +and every Saturday night through the entire year a special +dinner was served at five o'clock—Mr. Kemble despised +the habitual three o'clock dinners of his neighbors—which +in time became historic entertainments. This meal +was always served in the picture gallery, an octagonal +room filled with valuable paintings, while breakfast and +luncheon were served in an adjoining room. All of the +professors and many of the officers at West Point, whom +Mr. Kemble facetiously termed "the boys," had a standing +invitation to these Saturday evening dinners. There +was an agreement, however, among the younger officers +that too many of them should not partake of his hospitality +at the same time, as his dining table would not accommodate +more than thirty guests. How well I remember +these older men, all of whom were officers in the Regular +Army: Professors William H. C. Bartlett, Dennis H. Mahan, +the father of Captain Alfred T. Mahan, U.S.N., +Albert E. Church, and Robert W. Weir. If by any +chance Mr. Kemble, or "Uncle Gouv," as he was generally +known to the family connection, was obliged to be +absent from home, these entertainments took place just<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_124" id="Page_124">[124]</a></span> +the same, presided over by his sister, Mrs. Robert P. Parrott. +Indeed, I recall that during a tour of Europe +Mr. Kemble made with ex-President Van Buren these +Saturday dinner parties were continued for at least a +year.</p> + +<p>Carving was considered a fine art in those days, an accomplishment +which has largely gone out of style since +the introduction of dinner <i>à la Russe</i>. A law existed in +Putnam County, in which Cold Spring is situated, which +forbade the killing of game during certain months in the +year. When a transgressor of this law succeeded in "laying +low" a pair of pheasants, they were nicknamed +"owls"; and I have seen two "owls" which, under these +circumstances, were almost unobtainable, carved in such a +proficient manner by "Uncle Gouv" that, although we +numbered over a score, each person received a "satisfying" +piece. His guests were most appreciative of his hospitality, +and I once heard General Scott say that he would +be willing to walk at least ten miles to be present at a +dinner at Gouverneur Kemble's. His wines were always +well selected as well as abundant. I have often known +him to have a house party of many guests who had the +privilege of remaining indefinitely if they so desired. +The actress Fanny Kemble and her father, though not related +to the New York family, were guests in his home +during one of their visits to America. She was a great +pedestrian, and I recall having a small stream of water in +the vicinity of Cold Spring called to my notice where, +during her rambles, she was known to stop and bathe her +feet.</p> + +<p>Long before the War of the Revolution, Mr. Kemble's +aunt, Margaret Kemble, married General Thomas Gage, +Commander-in-Chief of the British forces in that conflict, +and resided with him in England. While I was living in +Frederick, Maryland, I sent "Uncle Gouv"—he was then +an old man and very appreciative of any attention—a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_125" id="Page_125">[125]</a></span> +photograph of Whittier's heroine, Barbara Frietchie. He +in turn sent it to Viscount Henry Gage, a relative +of the British General. The English nobleman who was +familiar with the Quaker poet seemed highly pleased to +own the picture and commented favorably upon the firm +expression of the mouth and chin of this celebrated +woman.</p> + +<p>Army officers were frequently stationed at Cold Spring +to inspect the guns cast at the Kemble foundry. Among +these I recall with much pleasure Major Alfred Mordecai +of the Ordnance Corps. He was a highly efficient officer +and previous to the Civil War rendered conspicuous +service to his country. He was a Southerner and at the +beginning of the war is said to have requested the War +Department to order him to some duty which did not involve +the killing of his kinsmen. His request was denied +and his resignation followed.</p> + +<p>In the midst of the Civil War, after a protracted absence +from the country in China, I arrived in New York, +and one of the first items of news that was told me was +that the West Point foundry was casting guns for the +Confederacy. I speedily learned that this rumor was altogether +unfounded. It seems that some time before the +beginning of hostilities the State of Georgia ordered some +small rifled cannon from the West Point foundry with +the knowledge and consent of the Chief of the Ordnance +Department, General Alexander B. Dyer. Colonel William +J. Hardee, then Commandant-of-Cadets, was selected +to inspect these guns before delivery; but when they were +finished the war-cloud had grown to such proportions that +Robert P. Parrott, the head of the foundry at the time, +Gouverneur Kemble having retired from active business +eight or ten years previously, refused to forward them. +They lay at the foundry for some time, and were afterwards +bought by private parties from New York City and +presented to the government, thereby doing active service<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_126" id="Page_126">[126]</a></span> +against the Confederacy. In his interesting book recently +published entitled "Retrospections of an Active Life," +Mr. John Bigelow refers to this unfortunate rumor. He +says: "On the 21st of January, 1861, I met the venerable +Professor Weir, of the West Point Military Academy, +in the cars on our way to New York, when he told me +that Colonel Hardee, then the Commandant-of-Cadets at the +Academy, was buying arms for his native state of Georgia, +and that the Kembles, whose iron works were across the +river from West Point at Cold Spring, were filling a +large order for him." I knew Professor Weir very well, +and Mr. Bigelow's statement, I think, is a mistake, as all +of the professors at West Point were too loyal to Mr. +Gouverneur Kemble to allow wild rumors engendered by +war to remain uncontradicted.</p> + +<p>This seems a fitting place to recall the pleasant friendship +I made with General Robert E. Lee long before he +became the Southern chieftain. I have already stated +that when I visited Cold Spring in other days he was +Superintendent of the U.S. Military Academy. He was +a constant visitor at the Kembles, and his imposing presence +and genial manner are so well known as to render +a description of them altogether superfluous. Some years +later when I was visiting at the home of General Winfield +Scott in Washington I renewed my pleasing friendship +with him. There existed between these two eminent +soldiers a life-long attachment, and when the Civil War +was raging it seemed almost impossible to realize that +Scott and Lee represented opposite political views, as +hitherto they had always seemed to be so completely in +accord.</p> + +<p>The Cold Spring colony was decidedly sociable, and a +dinner party at one of the many cottages was almost a +daily occurrence. Captain and Mrs. Robert P. Parrott +entertained most gracefully, and their residence was one +of the show-places of that locality. I have heard Cap<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_127" id="Page_127">[127]</a></span>tain +Parrott facetiously remark that he had "made a loud +noise in the world" by the aid of his guns.</p> + +<p>The first time I ever saw Washington Irving, with whom +I enjoyed an extended friendship, was when he was a +guest of Gouverneur Kemble. The intimate social relations +existing between these two friends began in early +life, and lasted throughout their careers, having been +fostered by a frequent interchange of visits. In his +earlier life Mr. Kemble inherited from his relative, Nicholas +Gouverneur, a fine old estate near Newark, New Jersey, +which bore the name of "Mount Pleasant." Washington +Irving, however, rechristened the place "Cockloft +Hall," and in a vein of mirth dubbed the bachelor-proprietor +"The Patroon." Irving described this retreat in his +"Salmagundi," and the characters there depicted which +have been thought by many to be fanciful creations were +in reality Gouverneur Kemble and his many friends. His +place was subsequently sold, but the intimacy between the +two men continued, and it has always seemed to me that +there was much pathos connected with their friendship. +Both of them were bachelors and owned homes of more +than passing historic interest on the Hudson. Irving +called Kemble's residence at Cold Spring "Bachelor's Elysium," +while to his own he applied the name of "Wolfert's +Roost." In the spring of 1856 in writing to Kemble he +said: "I am happy to learn that your lawn is green. I +hope it will long continue so, and yourself likewise. I +shall come up one of these days and have a roll on it with +you"; and Kemble, upon another occasion, in urging +Irving to visit him added as an inducement, "come and +we will have a game of leap-frog." Referring to their last +meeting Irving said of Kemble: "That is my friend of early +life—always unchanged, always like a brother, one of the +noblest beings that ever was created. His heart is pure +gold." That was in the summer of 1859, and in the following +November Irving died, at the ripe old age of sev<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_128" id="Page_128">[128]</a></span>enty-six. +Constant in life, let us hope that in death they +are not separated, and that in the Silent Land</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">No morrow's mischief knocks them up.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>Let the cynic who spurns the consoling influences of +friendship ponder upon the life-intimacy of these two old +men who, throughout the cares and turmoils of a long and +engrossing existence, illustrated so beautifully the charm +of such a benign relationship.</p> + +<p>Irving impressed me as having a genial but at the same +time a retiring nature. He was of about the average +height and, although quite advanced in years when I knew +him, his hair had not changed color. His manner was exceeding +gentle and, strange to say, with such a remarkable +vocabulary at his command, in society he was exceedingly +quiet. In his early life Irving was engaged to be married +to one of his own ethereal kind, but she passed onward, +and among his friends the subject was never broached as +it seemed too sacred to dwell upon. Her name was Matilda +Hoffman and she was a daughter of the celebrated +jurist of New York, Judge Josiah Ogden Hoffman. She +died in 1809 in her eighteenth year.</p> + +<p>My last meeting with Irving is vividly impressed upon +my memory as the occasion was quite memorable. I was +passing the winter in Washington as the guest of my +elder sister, Mrs. Eames, who a few years before had married +Charles Eames, Esq., of the Washington Bar. Irving, +who was then seventy-two years old, was making a brief +visit to the Capital and called to see me. This was in +1855, when William M. Thackeray was on his second visit +to this country and delivering his celebrated lectures upon +"The Four Georges." I had scarcely welcomed Mr. +Irving into my sister's drawing-room when Thackeray was +announced, and I introduced the two famous but totally +dissimilar men to each other. Thackeray was a man of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_129" id="Page_129">[129]</a></span> +powerful build and a very direct manner, but to my mind +was not an individual to be overpowered by sentiment. +I can not remember after the flight of so many years the +nature of the conversation between Irving and Thackeray +apart from the mutual interchange that ordinarily passes +between strangers when casually presented.</p> + +<p>Later I had the pleasure of meeting Mr. Thackeray +quite a number of times during his sojourn in Washington +where he was much lionized in society. One evening +we were all gathered around the family tea table when he +chanced to call and join us in that cup which is said to +cheer. He entered into conversation with much enthusiasm, +especially when he referred to his children. He +seemed to have a special admiration for a young daughter +of his, and related many pleasing anecdotes of her juvenile +aptitude. I think he referred to Anne Isabella +Thackeray (Lady Richie), who gave to the public a biographical +edition of her father's famous works. I remember +we drifted into a conversation upon a recently published +novel, but the title of the book and its author I do +not recall. At any rate, he was discussing its heroine, +who, under some extraordinary stress of circumstances, +was forced to walk many miles in her stocking-feet to obtain +succor, and the whole story was thrilling in the extreme; +whereupon the author of "Vanity Fair" exclaimed, +"She was shoeicidal." Although he was an Englishman, +he was not averse to a pun—even a poor one! +I remember asking Mr. Thackeray whether during his visit +to New York he had met Mrs. De Witt Clinton. His response +was characteristic: "Yes, and she is a gay old +girl!"</p> + +<p>James K. Paulding, the distinguished author who married +the sister of Gouverneur and William Kemble and +lived at Hyde Park, farther up the Hudson, frequently +formed one of the pleasant coterie that gathered around +"Uncle Gouv's" board. "The Sage of Lindenwald," as<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_130" id="Page_130">[130]</a></span> +ex-President Martin Van Buren was frequently called by +both friend and foe, also repeatedly came from his home +in Kinderhook to dine with Mr. Kemble, and these memories +call to mind a dinner I attended at "Uncle Gouv's" +when Mr. Van Buren was the principal guest. Although +it was many years after his retirement from the presidential +office, the impression he made upon me was that +of a quiet, deliberate old gentleman, who continued to be +well versed in the affairs of state.</p> + +<p>A short distance from Cold Spring is Garrison's, where +many wealthy New Yorkers have their country seats. +Putnam County, in which both Garrison's and Cold +Spring are located, was once a portion of Philipse Manor. +The house in the "Upper Manor," as this tract of land +was called, was The Grange, but over forty years ago it +was burned to the ground. It was originally built by +Captain Frederick Philips about 1800, and was the scene +of much festivity. The Philipses were tories during the +Revolution, and it is said that this property would doubtless +have been confiscated by the government but for the +fact that Mary Philips, who was Captain Frederick +Philips' only child, was a minor at the close of the war in +1783. Mary Philips, whose descendants have spelled the +name with a final <i>e</i>, married Samuel Gouverneur, and +their eldest son, Frederick Philipse Gouverneur, dropped +the name Gouverneur as a surname and assumed that of +Philipse in order to inherit a large landed estate of which +The Grange was a conspicuous part.</p> + +<p>When I first visited Garrison's the Philipse family was +living at The Grange in great elegance. Frederick +Philipse was then a bachelor and his maiden sister, Mary +Marston Gouverneur, presided over his establishment. +Another sister, Margaret Philipse Gouverneur, married +William Moore, a son of the beloved physician, Dr. William +Moore of New York, a nephew of President Benjamin +Moore of Columbia College and a first cousin of Clement<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_131" id="Page_131">[131]</a></span> +C. Moore who wrote the oft quoted verses, "'Twas the +Night before Christmas," which have delighted the hearts +of American children for so many decades.</p> + +<p>Frederick Philipse subsequently married Catharine +Wadsworth Post, a member of a prominent family of New +York. It was while Mr. and Mrs. Philipse were visiting +her relatives that The Grange was destroyed by fire. Miss +Mary Marston Gouverneur had ordered the chimneys +cleaned, in the manner then prevalent, by making a fire +in the chimney place on the first floor, in order to burn out +the débris. The flames fortunately broke out on the top +story, thus enabling members of the family to save many +valuable heirlooms in the lower apartments. Among the +paintings rescued and now in the possession of Frederick +Philipse's daughters, the Misses Catharine Wadsworth +Philipse and Margaret Gouverneur Philipse of New York, +was the portrait of the pretty Mary Philipse, Washington's +first love. Tradition states she refused his offer of marriage +to become the bride of Roger Morris, an officer in the +British Army. It is generally believed that she was the +heroine of Cooper's "Spy;" but she had then laid aside +the belleship of early youth and had become the intellectual +matron of after years. Some of the other portraits rescued +were those of Adolphus Philipse, second son of the +first Lord of the Manor; Philip Philipse, and his wife, Margaret +Marston, whose second husband was the Rev. John +Ogilvie, for many years assistant minister of Trinity +Church of New York; Margaret Philipse, younger sister of +Mary, who married Roger Morris; Captain Frederick +Philips, by Gilbert Stuart; Mrs. Samuel Gouverneur; Nathaniel +Marston and his wife, Mary Crooke; and Mrs. +Abraham Gouverneur who was the daughter of Jacob +Leisler, at one time the Acting Governor of the Province +of New York.</p> + +<p>One visit I made to the Philipses at Garrison's is +especially fresh in my memory, as Eleanor Jones Duer, a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_132" id="Page_132">[132]</a></span> +daughter of President William A. Duer of Columbia College, +who subsequently married George T. Wilson of +Georgia, was their guest at the same time. She was a +woman of much culture and refinement, and in every way +a delightful companion. A great intimacy existed for +many years between the Gouverneurs and Philipses of +Garrison's and the Duer family of New York. The Philipses, +who at this time lived very much in the old-fashioned +style, were the last of the old families with which I +was familiar to have the cloth removed after the dessert +was served; and in doing this an elegant mahogany table +always kept in a highly polished condition was displayed. +Upon it were placed the fruits, nuts and wine. Another +custom in the Philipse family which, as far as I know, +was unique in this country was that of having four meals +a day. Breakfast was served at eight, luncheon at one, +dinner at six and supper at nine o'clock.</p> + +<p>During another visit I made at The Grange I had the +pleasure of meeting Mr. and Mrs. Henry Sheaffe Hoyt +(Frances Maria Duer), who were house guests there and +who had just returned from an extended European tour. +She was another daughter of President Duer of Columbia +College and died not long ago in Newport, R.I., at a very +advanced age. Mrs. John King Van Rensselaer, a daughter +of Mrs. Archibald Gracie King (Elizabeth Denning +Duer), is her niece.</p> + +<p>Before leaving the banks of the Hudson River I must +speak of my former associations with Newburgh. From +my earliest life we children were in the habit of making +frequent visits to my mother's relatives, the Roe family, +who resided there. We all eagerly looked forward to these +trips up the Hudson which were made upon the old <i>Thomas +Powell</i> and later upon the <i>Mary Powell</i>. My mother's +relative, Maria Hazard, married William Roe, one of the +most highly respected and prosperous citizens of Newburgh. +They lived in a stately mansion surrounded by<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_133" id="Page_133">[133]</a></span> +several acres of land in the heart of the city. Mrs. Roe +was a remarkable woman. I knew her only as an elderly +matron; but, like women of advanced age in China, where +I spent a number of years of my early married life, she +controlled everyone who came within her "sphere of influence." +I remember, for example, that upon one occasion +when I was visiting her, Thomas Hazard Roe, her +elder son, who at the time was over sixty years of age +and a bachelor and who desired to go upon some hunting +expedition, said to her: "Mother, have I your permission +to go to the Adirondacks?" She thought for a few moments +and replied: "Well, Hazard, I think you might go."</p> + +<p>About the year 1840 Newburgh was recommended by +two of the earliest prominent homeopathic physicians of +New York City, Doctors John F. Gray and Amos G. Hull, +as a locality well-adapted to people affected with delicate +lungs, and upon their advice many families built handsome +residences there. In my early recollection Newburgh +had a fine hotel called the Powelton, which bade +fair to become a prominent resort for New Yorkers. +In the zenith of its prosperity, however, it was burned to +the ground and was never rebuilt. I hardly think that +anyone will have the assurance to dispute the healthfulness +of this place when I state that my cousin, Thomas +Hazard Roe, of whom I have just spoken, died there in +1907 after having more than rounded a full century of +years. He was in many ways a remarkable man with a +mind well stored with knowledge, and he retained all of +his mental faculties unclouded until the end of his life. +His sister, Mary Elizabeth, the widow of the late William +C. Hasbrouck, a prominent Newburgh lawyer and a few +years his junior, also died quite recently in Newburgh at +the age of ninety-seven. Her son, General Henry C. Hasbrouck, +U.S.A., also died but a short time since, but her +daughter, Miss Maria Hasbrouck, whose whole life has been +devoted to her family, still resides in the old homestead.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_134" id="Page_134">[134]</a></span> +The third and youngest member of this interesting trio, +Miss Emily Maria Roe, is now living in Newburgh at an +advanced age, surrounded by a large connection and beloved +by everyone.</p> + +<p>One of the most prominent families in Newburgh in +years gone by was that of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Powell, +from whom the celebrated river boats were named. Mrs. +Powell's maiden name was Mary Ludlow, and she belonged +to a well-known New York family. Her brother, Lieutenant +Augustus C. Ludlow, who was second in command +on board the <i>Chesapeake</i>, under Captain James Lawrence +of "Don't give up the ship" fame, is buried by the latter's +side in old Trinity church-yard in New York. Mrs. +Powell took great pride and pleasure in the boat named +in her honor, the <i>Mary Powell</i>, and I have frequently seen +her upon my trips up the Hudson, sitting upon the deck +of her namesake and chatting pleasantly with those around +her.</p> + +<p>Newburgh was also the home of Andrew Jackson Downing, +the author of "Landscape Gardening," "Cottage +Residences," and other similar works. I received my first +knowledge of horticulture from a visit I made to his beautiful +residence, which was surrounded by several acres. +It was my earliest view of nature assisted by art, and to +my untutored eye his lawn was a veritable Paradise. +Some years later, when I was visiting the Scotts in Washington, +Mr. Downing called and during our conversation +told me that he had come to the Capital, upon the invitation +of the government, to lay out the Smithsonian +grounds. His wife was Miss Caroline De Wint of Fishkill, +New York, a granddaughter of Mrs. Henry William +Smith (Abigail Adams), the only daughter of President +John Adams who reached maturity. After spending some +months in Washington, Mr. Downing was returning to +his Newburgh home when the <i>Henry Clay</i>, a Hudson +River steamboat upon which he had taken passage, was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_135" id="Page_135">[135]</a></span> +destroyed by fire and he perished while attempting to +rescue some of the passengers. This was in 1852.</p> + +<p>There are some persons still living who will readily recall, +in connection with social functions, the not uncommon +name of Brown. The particular Brown to whom I +refer was the sexton of Grace Episcopal Church, on the +corner of Broadway and Tenth Street, where many of the +<i>soi-disant crème de la crème</i> worshiped. He must have +possessed a christian name, but if so I never heard it for +he was only plain Brown, and Brown he was called. He +was born before the days when spurious genealogical +charts are thrust at one, <i>nolens volens</i>; but probably this +was lucky for him and the public was spared much that +is uninteresting. In connection with his duties at Grace +Church he came in contact with many fashionable people, +and was enabled to add materially to his rather small income +by calling carriages from the doorsteps for the society +folk of the great metropolis. In this and other ways his +pursuits gradually became so varied that in time he might +have been safely classed among the <i>dilettanti</i>. The most +remarkable feature of his career, however, was the fact +that, in spite of his humble calling, he became a veritable +social dictator, and many an ambitious mother with a thousand-dollar +ball upon her hands (this being about the +usual sum spent upon an evening entertainment at that +time), lacked the courage to embark upon such a venture +without first seeking an interview with Brown. I knew +but little about his powers of discrimination, as we as a +family never found his services necessary, but when requested +I know he furnished to these dependent hostesses +lists of eligible young men whom he deemed proficient in +the polka and mazurka, the fashionable dances of the day. +Strange as it may appear, I can vouch for the truth of +the statement that many an exclusive hostess was glad to +avail herself of these lists of the accommodating Brown. +The dances just mentioned were, by the way, introduced<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_136" id="Page_136">[136]</a></span> +into this country by Pierro Saracco, an Italian master +who taught me to dance, and who was quite popular in the +fashionable circles of his day. Many years later, when +I was residing in Maryland, he came to Frederick several +times a week and gave dancing lessons to my two older +daughters.</p> + +<p>Brown was a pleasant, genial, decidedly "hail-fellow-well-met" +man, as I remember him, and was in a way +the precursor of Ward McAllister, though of course on a +decidedly more unpretentious plane. One cannot but express +surprise at the consideration with which Brown's +<i>protégés</i> were treated by the <i>élite</i>, nor can one deny that +the social destinies of many young men were the direct +result of his strenuous efforts. I remember, for example, +one of these who at the time was "a youth to fortune and +to fame unknown," whom Brown took under his sheltering +wing and whose subsequent social career was shaped +by him. He is of foreign birth, with a pleasing exterior +and address and, through the instrumentality of his humble +friend who gave him his first start, is to-day, although +advanced in life, one of the most conspicuous financiers +in New York, and occasionally has private audiences with +presidents and other magnates. Moreover, I feel certain +that he will welcome this humble tribute to his benefactor +with much delight, as the halo which now surrounds his +brow he owes in a large degree to his early introduction +into the smart set by the sexton of Grace Church. The +last I ever heard of Brown, he visited Europe. After his +return from his well-earned holiday he died and was laid +to rest in his own native soil. Peace to Brown's ashes—his +work was well done! It cannot be said of him, as of +many others, that he lived in vain, as he was doubtless +the forerunner of the later and more accomplished leader +and dictator of New York's "Four Hundred."</p> + +<p>A poetaster paid him the following facetious tribute:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_137" id="Page_137">[137]</a></span></p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Oh, glorious Brown, thou medley strange<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Of churchyard, ballroom, saint, and sinner,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Flying by morn through fashion's range<br /></span> +<span class="i1">And burying mortals after dinner.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Walking one day with invitations,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Passing the next at consecrations,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Tossing the sod at eve on coffins,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">With one hand drying tears of orphans,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And one unclasping ballroom carriage,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Or cutting plumcake up for marriage;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Dusting by day the pew and missal,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Sounding by night the ballroom whistle,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Admitted free through fashion's wicket,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And skilled at psalms, at punch, and cricket.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>An amusing anecdote is told of Brown's financial <i>protégé</i> +whose name I have withheld. When he was still +somewhat uncertain of his social status he received an invitation +to a fancy ball given by a fashionable matron. +This recognition he regarded as a conspicuous social triumph, +and in his desire to do the proper thing he sought +William R. Travers—"Bill Travers," as he was generally +called—to ask his advice in regard to the proper costume +for him to wear. The inquiring social aspirant had a +head well-denuded of hair, and Mr. Travers, after a moment's +hesitation, wittingly replied: "Sugarcoat your +head and go as a pill!"</p> + +<p>Though not a professional wit, Brown was at least capable +of making a pun quite equal to those inflicted upon +society by some of his superiors. As sexton of Grace +Church, he officiated at the wedding of Miss Phoebe Lord, +a daughter of Daniel Lord, whose marriage to Henry Day, +a rising young lawyer, was solemnized in this edifice. At +the close of the reception following the marriage ceremony +someone laughingly called upon Brown for a toast. He +was equal to the occasion as he quickly replied: "This is +the Lord's Day!"</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_138" id="Page_138">[138]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER VII</h2> + +<h3>FASHION AND LETTERS</h3> + + +<p>One of the show places of New York State, many +years ago, was the residence of John Greig, a +polished Scotch gentleman who presided with +dignity over his princely estate in Canandaigua in central +New York, and there dispensed a generous hospitality. +Mr. Greig was the agent for some of the English nobility, +many of whom owned extensive tracts of land in America. +The village of Canandaigua was also the home of the +Honorable Francis Granger, a son of Gideon Granger, +Postmaster General under Jefferson and Madison. Francis +Granger was the Postmaster General for a brief +period under President William Henry Harrison, but the +latter died soon after his inauguration and his successor +did not retain him in his cabinet. It is said of Francis +Granger that he was a firm believer in the words of ex-Governor +William L. Marcy in the United States Senate in +1832 that "to the victors belong the spoils of the enemy," +and that during his month of cabinet service eighteen +hundred employees in his department were dismissed. +The Democrats evidently thought that "turn about was +fair play," as a few years later, under President Polk, +the work of decapitation was equally active. Ransom H. +Gillett, Register of the Treasury at that time, became so +famous at head-chopping, that he was soon nicknamed +"Guillotine."</p> + +<p>Mr. Granger, with his fine physique and engaging manner +(he was often called "the handsome Frank Granger"), +was well adapted to the requirements of social life and +especially to those of the National Capital, where the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_139" id="Page_139">[139]</a></span> +<i>beaux esprits</i> usually congregated. His only daughter, +Adele Granger, often called "the witty Miss Granger," +was at school at Madame Chegaray's with my elder sister +Fanny, and in my earlier life was frequently a guest in +our Houston Street home, prior to her sojourn in Washington, +where her father for many years represented his +district in Congress. We looked forward to her visits as +one anticipates with delight a ray of sunshine. She was +always assured of the heartiest of welcomes in Washington, +where she was the center of a bright and intellectual +circle. She finally married Mr. John E. Thayer, a Boston +capitalist, and after his death became the wife of the +Hon. Robert C. Winthrop of the same city. She presided +with grace over a summer home in Brookline and a winter +residence in Boston, at both of which she received hosts +of distinguished guests. To illustrate the importance +with which she was regarded, one of her guests remarked +to me, during one of my visits at the Brookline home, that +Mrs. Winthrop was more than one woman—that in that +locality she was considered an "institution." In the latter +part of Mr. Winthrop's life I received a very graceful +note from him enclosing the following ode written by him +in honor of the golden jubilee of Queen Victoria:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p class='right'><span class="smcap">Boston, Mass.</span> <br /> +90 Marlborough Street, 20 Feb'y 1888.</p> + + +<p>Dear Mrs. Gouverneur:</p> + +<p>Your kind note and the pamphlet reached me this morning. +I thank you for them both.</p> + +<p>I have lost no time in hunting up a spare copy of my +little Ode on the Queen's Jubilee.</p> + +<p>I threw it into a newspaper with not a little misgiving. +I certainly did not dream that it would be asked for by a +lady seven or eight months after its date. I appreciate +the compliment.</p> + +<p class='indent3'>Yours truly,</p> + +<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">Robt. C. Winthrop.</span></p> + +<p>Mrs. M. Gouverneur.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_140" id="Page_140">[140]</a></span></p> + +<p class='indent4'>ODE.</p> +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Not as our Empress do we come to greet thee,<br /></span> +<span class="i4">Augusta Victoria,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">On this auspicious Jubilee:<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Wide as old England's realms extend,<br /></span> +<span class="i4">O'er earth and sea,—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Her flag in every clime unfurled,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Her morning drum-beat compassing the world,—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Yet here her sway Imperial finds an end,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">In our loved land of Liberty!<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Nor is it as our Queen for us to hail thee,<br /></span> +<span class="i4">Excellent Majesty,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">On this auspicious Jubilee:<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Long, long ago our patriot fathers broke<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The tie which bound us to a foreign yoke,<br /></span> +<span class="i4">And made us free;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Subjects thenceforward of ourselves alone,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">We pay no homage to an earthly throne,—<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Only to God we bend the knee!<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Still, still, to-day and here, thou hast a part,<br /></span> +<span class="i4">Illustrious Lady,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">In every honest Anglo-Saxon heart,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Albeit untrained to notes of loyalty:<br /></span> +<span class="i0">As lovers of our old ancestral race,—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">In reverence for the goodness and the grace<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Which lends thy fifty years of Royalty<br /></span> +<span class="i0">A monumental glory on the Historic page,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Emblazoning them forever as the Victorian Age;<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">For all the virtue, faith and fortitude,<br /></span> +<span class="i4">The piety and truth<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Which mark thy noble womanhood,<br /></span> +<span class="i4">As erst thy golden youth,—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">We also would do honor to thy name,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Joining our distant voices to the loud acclaim<br /></span> +<span class="i2">Which rings o'er earth and sea,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">In attestation of the just renown<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Thy reign has added to the British Crown!<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Meanwhile no swelling sounds of exultation<br /></span> +<span class="i4">Can banish from our memory,<br /></span> +<span class="i4">On this auspicious Jubilee,<br /></span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_141" id="Page_141">[141]</a></span> +<span class="i0">A saintly figure standing at thy side,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The cherished consort of thy power and pride,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Through weary years the subject of thy tears,<br /></span> +<span class="i2">And mourned in every nation,—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Whose latest words a wrong to us withstood,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The friend of peace,—Albert, the Wise and Good!<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">Robert C. Winthrop.</span></p> + +<p>Boston, June, 1887.</p> +</div> + +<p>At Geneseo, in the beautiful Genesee Valley, and a few +miles from Canandaigua, in one of the most fertile portions +of the State of New York, resided a contemporary +and friend of Mrs. Robert C. Winthrop, Miss Elizabeth +Wadsworth, a daughter of James Wadsworth, a well-known +philanthropist and one of the wealthiest landed +proprietors in the state. He was also the father of Major +General James S. Wadsworth, a defeated candidate for +Governor of New York, who was killed in 1864 at the battle +of the Wilderness. Miss Wadsworth was celebrated +for her grace of manner. I had the pleasure of knowing +her quite well in New York, where she generally passed +her winters. Quite early in life and before the period +when the fair daughters of America had discovered, to +any great extent, the advantages of matrimonial alliances +with foreign <i>partis</i>, she married the Honorable Charles +Augustus Murray, a member of the English Parliament +and of a Scotch family, the head of which was the Earl +of Dunmore. She lived but a few years, and died in +Egypt, where her husband was Consul General, leaving +a young son. Her husband's ancestor, John Murray, Lord +Dunmore, was the last Colonial Governor of Virginia. It +has been asserted that but few, if any, Colonial Governors, +not even the sportive Lord Cornbury of New York who, +upon state occasions, dressed himself up in female attire +in compliment to his royal cousin, Queen Anne, had quite +as eventful a career. Lord Dunmore originally came to +America as Governor of the Province of New York, but +was subsequently transferred to Virginia. While in New +York he was made President of the St. Andrew's Society,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_142" id="Page_142">[142]</a></span> +a Scotch organization which had been in existence about +twenty years and whose first President was Philip Livingston, +the Signer. In an old New York directory of +1798 I find the following names of officers of this society +for the preceding year: Walter Ruturfurde (sic), President; +Peter M'Dougall and George Turnbull, Vice Presidents; +George Douglass, Treasurer; George Johnson, Secretary; +John Munro, Assistant Secretary; the Rev. John +M. Mason and the Rev. John Bisset, Chaplains; Dr. James +Tillary, Physician; and William Renwick, James Stuart, +John Knox, Alexander Thomson, Andrew D. Barclay, and +John M'Gregor, Managers.</p> + +<p>It was not at all flattering to the pride of Virginia that +Lord Dunmore lingered so long in New York after his +order of transfer to the Old Dominion. He also greatly +incurred the displeasure of the Virginians by occasionally +dissolving their Assembly, and they found him generally +inimical to their interests. Finally matters were brought +to an issue, and Dunmore, in defense of his conduct, +issued a proclamation against "a certain Patrick Henry +and his deluded followers." His final act was the burning +of Norfolk in 1776, which at that time was the most +flourishing city in Virginia. During Lord Dunmore's life +in Colonial Virginia, a daughter was born to him and +at the request of the Assembly was named "Virginia." It +is said that subsequently a provision was made by the +Provincial Legislature, by virtue of which she was to receive +a very large sum of money when she became of age. +Meanwhile, the War of the Revolution severed the yoke +of Great Britain, and Lord Dunmore returned to England +with his family. Time passed and the little girl born in +the Virginia colony grew into womanhood. Her father +had died and as her circumstances became contracted she +addressed a letter to Thomas Jefferson, then President of +the United States, under the impression that he was Governor +of Virginia. Jefferson sent the letter to James Mon<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_143" id="Page_143">[143]</a></span>roe, +who was then Governor of Virginia, and he in turn +referred it to the Legislature of that State. This letter +is now in my possession and is as follows:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Sir:</p> + +<p>I am at a loss how to begin a letter in which I am desirous +of stating claims that many long years have been +forgotten, but which I think no time can really annihilate +until fulfilment has followed the promise. I imagine that +you must have heard that during my father Dunmore's +residence in America I was born and that the Assembly, +then sitting at Williamsburg, requested that I might be +their God-daughter and christened by the name of Virginia; +which request being complied with, they purposed +providing for me in a manner suitable to the honor they +conferred upon me and to the responsibility they had +taken on themselves. I was accordingly christened as the +God-daughter of that Assembly and named after the State. +Events have since occurred which in some measure may +have altered the intentions then expressed in my favor. +These were (so I have understood) that a sum of money +should be settled upon me which, accumulating during my +minority, would make up the sum of one hundred thousand +pounds when I became of age. It is true many +changes may have taken place in America, but that +fact still remains the same. I am still the God-daughter +of the Virginians. By being that, may I not flatter +myself I have some claims upon their benevolence +if not upon their justice? May I not ask that State, +especially you, sir, their Governor, to fulfil in some respects +the engagements entered into by their predecessors? +Your fathers promised mine that I should become their +charge. I am totally unprovided for; for my father died +without making a will. My brothers are married, having +families of their own; and not being bound to do anything +for me, they regard with indifference my unprotected and +neglected situation. Perhaps I ought not to mention this +circumstance as a proper inducement for you to act upon; +nor would I, were it not my excuse for wishing to remind +you of the claims I now advance. I hope you will feel my<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_144" id="Page_144">[144]</a></span> +right to your favor and protection to be founded on the +promises made by your own fathers, and in the situation +in which I stand with regard to the State of Virginia. +You will ask, sir, why my appeal to your generosity and +justice has been so tardy. While my father lived, I lived +under his protection and guidance. He had incurred the +displeasure of the Virginians and he feared an application +from me would have seemed like one from him. At +his decease I became a free agent. I had taken no part +which could displease my God-fathers, and myself remained +what the Assembly had made me—their God-daughter, +consequently their charge. I wish particularly +to enforce my dependence upon your bounty; for I feel +hopes revive, which owe their birth to your honor and +generosity, and to that of the State whose representative +I now address. Now that my father is no more, I am certain +they and you will remember what merited your esteem +in his character and conduct and forget that which +estranged your hearts from so honorable a man. But +should you not, you are too just to visit what you deem +the sins of the father upon his luckless daughter.</p> + +<p class='indent3'>I am, sir, your obt. etc.</p></div> + +<p>In 1831 the small but pretty Gramercy Park in New +York was established by Samuel B. Ruggles. I have +heard that this plot of ground was originally used as a +burying ground by Trinity parish. As I first recollect +the spot, there were but four or five dwellings in its vicinity. +One of the earliest was built by James W. +Gerard, a prominent lawyer, who was regarded as a most +venturesome pioneer to establish his residence in such a +remote locality. Next door to Mr. Gerard, a few years later, +lived George Belden, whose daughter Julia married Frederick +S. Tallmadge. Mr. Tallmadge died only a few years ago, +highly respected and esteemed by a large circle of friends.</p> + +<p>In 1846 I was one of the guests at a fashionable wedding +in a residence on the west side of this park, which +was possibly the first ceremony of the kind to take place<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_145" id="Page_145">[145]</a></span> +in this then remote region. The bride's mother, the +widow of Richard Armistead of New Bern, N.C., who +habitually spent her winters in New York, had purchased +the house only a few months previously. The bride, +Susan Armistead, was an intimate friend of mine, and a +well-known belle in both the North and the South. The +groom, a resident of New York, was John Still Winthrop, +of the same family as the Winthrops of Massachusetts. +The guests composed an interesting assemblage of the old +<i>régime</i>, many of whose descendants are now in the background. +I met on that occasion many old friends, among +whom the Kings, Gracies, Winthrops and Rogers predominated. +Mrs. De Witt Clinton honored the occasion, +dressed in the fashion of a decade or two previous. Her +presence was a very graceful act as she then but seldom +appeared in society, her only view of the gay world being +from her own domain. Her peculiarity in regard to dress +was very marked as she positively declined to change it +with the prevailing style but clung tenaciously to the old-fashioned +<i>modes</i> to the end of her life. Miss Armistead +was an ideal-looking bride in her white dress and long +tulle veil and carried, according to the custom then prevalent, +a large flat bouquet of white japonicas with white +lace paper around the stems. In the dining-room, a handsome +collation was served, with a huge wedding cake at +one end of the table and pomegranates, especially sent +from the bride's southern home, forming a part of the +repast. The health of the newly wedded couple was +drunk in champagne and good cheer prevailed on every +side. The whole house bore a happy aspect with its floral +decorations and its bright Liverpool coal fires burning in +the grates. Furnaces, by the way, were then unknown. +In New York there was at that time a strong prejudice +against anthracite coal, and Liverpool coal was therefore +generally used, the price of which was fifteen dollars a +ton. I have many close and tender associations connected<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_146" id="Page_146">[146]</a></span> +with this bride of so many years ago, especially as our +friendship, formed in our early life, still extends to +her descendants. Some years after Mrs. Winthrop's +marriage, and in her earlier widowhood, four generations +traveled together, and then, as at other times, +dwelt under the same roof. They were Mrs. Nathaniel +Smith, Mrs. Richard Armistead, Mrs. John S. Winthrop +and her son, John S. Winthrop, who, with his interesting +family, now resides in Tallahassee.</p> + +<p>In 1841, Lord Morpeth, the seventh Earl of Carlisle and +a worthy specimen of the English nobility, visited the +United States, and while here investigated the subject of +the inheritance of slaves by English subjects. His report +seems to have been favorably received, as a law was passed +subsequent to his return declaring it illegal for Englishmen +to hold slaves through inheritance. England's sympathetic +heart about this time was in a perennial throb +for "the poor Africans in chains," apparently quite oblivious +to the fact that the "chains" had been introduced +and cemented by her fostering hand.</p> + +<p>I recall with unusual pleasure an entertainment where +Lord Morpeth was the guest of honor, at the residence of +William Bard on College Place, at that time a fashionable +street in the vicinity of old Columbia College. I have +always remembered the occasion as I was then introduced +to Lord Morpeth and enjoyed a long and pleasant conversation +with him. Our host was a son of Dr. Samuel Bard, +physician to General Washington during the days when +New York was the seat of government.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 319px;"><a name="img4" id="img4"></a> +<a href="images/img04.jpg"><img src="images/img04th.jpg" width="319" height="400" alt="Mrs. John Still Winthrop, née Armistead, by Sully +From a portrait owned by John Still Winthrop of Tallahassee." title="" /></a> +<span class="caption">Mrs. John Still Winthrop, née Armistead, by Sully</span><br /> +<span class='caption2'><i>From a portrait owned by John Still Winthrop of Tallahassee.</i></span> +</div> + +<p>Mr. and Mrs. John Austin Stevens lived on Bleecker +Street and had a number of interesting daughters. They +were an intellectual family and I attended an entertainment +given by them in honor of Martin Farquhar Tupper, +the author of "Proverbial Philosophy." Mr. Stevens' +sister, Lucretia Ledyard Stevens, married Mr. Richard +Heckscher of Philadelphia.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_147" id="Page_147">[147]</a></span></p> + +<p>Another gentlewoman of the same period was Mrs. +Laura Wolcott Gibbs, wife of Colonel George Gibbs of +Newport. The first Oliver Wolcott, a Signer, Governor of +Connecticut and General in the Revolutionary War, was +her grandfather; while the second of the same name, +Secretary of the Treasury under Washington and Adams, +Governor of his State and United States Judge, was her +father. I am in the fullest sympathy with the following +remarks concerning her made at her funeral by the Rev. +Dr. Henry W. Bellows: "I confess I always felt in the +presence of Mrs. Gibbs as if I were talking with Oliver +Wolcott himself, and saw in her self-reliant, self-asserting +and independent manner and speech an unmistakable +copy of a strong and thoroughly individual character, +forged in the hottest fires of national struggle. The intense +individuality of her nature set her apart from others. +You felt that from the womb she must have been just +what she was—a piece of the original granite on which the +nation was built.... The force, the courage, the self-poise +she exhibited in the ordinary concerns of our peaceful +life would in a masculine frame have made, in times +of national peril, a patriot of the most decided and energetic +character—one able and willing to believe all things +possible, and to make all the efforts and sacrifices by which +impossibilities are accomplished."</p> + +<p>Mrs. Gibbs was literally steeped and moulded in the +traditions of the past; in fact, she was a reminder of the +noble women of the Revolutionary era, many of whom +have left records behind them. She was gifted with a +keen sense of humor, and her talent in repartee was proverbial. +Although many years my senior, I found delightful +companionship in her society, and her home was always +a great resource to me. Her accomplished daughter, +the wife of Captain Theophile d'Oremieulx, U.S.A., +was particularly skilled in music. Her son, Wolcott +Gibbs, the distinguished Professor of Harvard University,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_148" id="Page_148">[148]</a></span> +maintained to the last the high intellectual standard of +his ancestors. He died several years ago. I was informed +by his mother that at one period of its history Columbia +College desired to secure his services as a professor, but +that the Hon. Hamilton Fish, one of its trustees and an +uncompromising Episcopalian, objected on the ground of +his Unitarian faith and was sustained by the Board of +Trustees. It seemed a rather inconsistent act, as at another +period of its history a Hebrew was chosen as a member +of the same faculty.</p> + +<p>As nearly as I can remember, it was in the summer of +1845 that I spent several weeks as the guest of the +financier and author, Alexander B. Johnson, in Utica, +New York. Mrs. Johnson's maiden name was Abigail +Louisa Smith Adams, and she was the daughter of Charles +Adams, son of President John Adams. During my sojourn +there her uncle, John Quincy Adams, came to Utica +to visit his relatives, and I had the pleasure of being a +guest of the family at the same time. He was accompanied +upon this trip by his daughter-in-law, Mrs. Charles +Francis Adams, a young grandson whose name I do not +recall, and the father of Mrs. Adams, Peter C. Brooks, of +Boston, another of whose daughters was the wife of Edward +Everett. Upon their arrival in Utica, the greatest +enthusiasm prevailed, and the elderly ex-President was +welcomed by an old-fashioned torchlight procession. In +response to many urgent requests, Mr. Adams made an +impromptu speech from the steps of the Johnson house, +and proved himself to be indeed "the old man eloquent." +Although he was not far from eighty years old, he was +by no means lacking in either mental or physical vitality. +Mrs. Charles Francis Adams impressed me as a woman of +unusual culture and intellectuality, while her father, Peter +C. Brooks, was a genial old gentleman whom everyone +loved to greet. He was at that time one of Boston's millionaires; +and many years later I heard his grandson, the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_149" id="Page_149">[149]</a></span> +late Henry Sidney Everett, of Washington, son of Edward +Everett, say of him that when he first arrived in +Boston he was a youth with little or no means.</p> + +<p>After the Adams party had rested for a few days a +pleasure trip to Trenton Falls, in Oneida County, was +proposed. A few prominent citizens of Utica were invited +by the Johnsons to accompany the party, and +among them several well-known lawyers whose careers won +for them a national as well as local reputation. Among +these I may especially mention the handsome Horatio Seymour, +then in his prime, whose courteous manners and +manly bearing made him exceptionally attractive. Mr. +Adams bore the fatigue of the trip remarkably well and +his strength seemed undiminished as the day waned. +His devoted daughter-in-law remained constantly beside +him while at the Falls to administer to his comfort and +attend to his wants; in fact, she was so solicitous concerning +him that she requested that she might, in going and +coming, occupy a carriage as near him as possible. I cannot +but regard her as a model for many of the present +generation who fail to be deeply impressed by either merit +or years.</p> + +<p>The Adamses were charming guests, and I have always +felt that I was highly privileged to visit under the +same roof with them, and especially to listen to the words +of wisdom of the venerable ex-President. I have heard +it stated, by the way, that during his official life in Washington, +Mr. Adams took a daily bath in the Potomac. +This luxury he must have missed in Utica, as at this time +it offered no opportunities for a plunge except in the +"raging canal." Mrs. Charles Francis Adams accompanied +her husband when he went to England, during our +Civil War, to represent the United States at the Court of +St. James. The consummate manner in which he conducted +our relations with Great Britain at that critical +period marked him as an accomplished statesman and a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_150" id="Page_150">[150]</a></span> +diplomatist of the rarest skill. The nature of his task +was one of extreme delicacy, and it is highly probable that, +but for his masterly efforts, England would have recognized +the independence of the Southern Confederacy. +The energy and fidelity with which he met the requirements +of his mission undermined his health and, returning +to this country, he retired to his old home in +Quincy.</p> + +<p>While in Utica I drove in the family carriage with Mrs. +Johnson and her sister, Mrs. John W. King, to Peterboro, +about twenty-five miles distant, to visit Mr. and Mrs. +Gerrit Smith. Mr. Smith had already commenced his +crusade against slavery, and the family antipathy to the +institution was so strong that two of his nieces, sisters of +General John Cochrane, who later became President of the +Society of the Cincinnati, refused to wear dresses made of +cotton because it was a Southern staple. As I remember +this great anti-slavery agitator, he was a remarkably handsome +man with an air of enthusiasm which seemed to pervade +his whole being. From 1853 to 1855 he was in Congress, +and I had the pleasure of listening to one of his +scathing speeches on the floor of the House of Representatives +in denunciation of slavery. I recall his unusual felicity +in the use of Scriptural quotations, one of which +still lingers in my ears: "Where the spirit of the Lord +is there is liberty." His daughter Elizabeth married +Charles Dudley Miller, a prominent citizen of Utica. She +was a woman of very pronounced views, as may be judged, +in part, by the fact that some years after my marriage, +and while living in Washington, I met her by accident +one day at the Capitol and to my surprise discovered that +she was wearing bloomers!</p> + +<p>In September, 1849, I was returning to my home in +New York from another visit to the Johnsons in Utica, +when, upon the invitation of Mrs. Hamilton Fish, whose +husband was then Governor of the Empire State, I<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_151" id="Page_151">[151]</a></span> +stopped in Albany and visited them. They were of course +occupying the gubernatorial mansion, but its exact location +I cannot exactly recall. Life was exceedingly simple +in the middle of the last century, even in the wealthiest +families, and through all these years I seem to remember +but a single incident connected with the family life of +these early friends—the trivial fact that the breakfast +hour was seven o'clock. Mrs. Fish was a model mother +and was surrounded by a large and interesting family of +children, some of whom are among the highly prominent +people of the present time.</p> + +<p><i>Apropos</i> of the Fish children, an amusing story is told +of the keen sense of humor of the late William M. Evarts, +who presented in every-day life such a stern exterior. +When, on one occasion, he was a guest of the Fish family +at their summer home on the Hudson, his attention was +called to a large and beautifully executed painting of a +group of children which, as was quite apparent, was +greatly treasured by the ex-Governor. Mr. Evarts gazed +upon the portrait for some minutes in silence and then +exclaimed in a low tone, "little Fishes." Mr. Fish stood +near his guest but, not catching the exact drift of his remark, +replied: "Sir, I do not understand." The bright +response was: "Yes, I said little fishes, <i>sardines</i>,"—reminding +one of Artemus Ward's definition of sardines, +"little fishes biled in ile."</p> + +<p>Another witticism of Mr. Evarts's which seems to me +deserving of preservation is said to have been uttered +during his residence in Washington, when he was Secretary +of State under President Hayes. A party of distinguished +Englishmen was visiting the National Capital and +Mr. Evarts escorted it to Mount Vernon. After inspecting +the mansion and the grave of Washington the party +walked to the end of the lawn to view the attractive scenery +of the Potomac River. One of the Englishmen who +seemed decidedly more conversant with certain phases of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_152" id="Page_152">[152]</a></span> +American history than the others asked Mr. Evarts +whether it were really true that Washington could throw +a shilling across the Potomac. "Yes," said Mr. Evarts, +in a diplomatic tone, "it is quite true." The same evening +at a dinner, the Secretary of State repeated the conversation +to a mutual friend and added: "He could do +even better than that; he could toss a Sovereign across +the Atlantic!"</p> + +<p>The day after my arrival in Albany, President Zachary +Taylor and his suite were the guests of Governor and Mrs. +Fish, and the same day a dinner was given in his honor +which was attended by prominent State officials. Meanwhile, +a concourse of people had surrounded the mansion, +anxious to see the President and to demand a speech. +Old "Rough and Ready" appeared at an open window +and faced the multitude, but was not as "ready" in +speech as with his sword. He made a brave attempt, however, +to gratify the people, but he seemed exceedingly +feeble and his voice was decidedly weak. In the course +of his remarks his aide and son-in-law, Colonel William W. +S. Bliss, came to his rescue and prompted him, as it were, +from behind the scenes; so that everything passed off, as +I understood the next day, to the satisfaction of his audience. +Possibly this was one of Taylor's last appearances +in public, as he died the following summer.</p> + +<p>Although Mrs. Fish was at this time a comparatively +young woman, she presided over the Governor's mansion +with the same grace and ease so characteristic of her +career in Washington when her husband was Secretary of +State under President Grant. In my opinion, and I +know but few who had a better opportunity of judging, +Mrs. Fish was in many respects a remarkable woman. +For eight years her home was a social center, and +she was regarded as the social dictator of the Grant administration. +When any perplexing questions of a social +nature arose during her <i>régime</i>, the general inquiry was:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_153" id="Page_153">[153]</a></span> +"What does Mrs. Fish say?" This in time became a +standing joke, but it illustrates the fact that her decisions +usually were regarded as final.</p> + +<p>One of the social leaders in New York during my +younger life was Mrs. Isaac Jones, who, in her own set, +was known as "Bloody Mary." Why this name was applied +to her I cannot say, as she was not in the least +either cruel or revengeful, as far as I knew, but on the +contrary was suave and genial to an unusual degree. She +lived on Broadway, directly opposite the site where the +New York Hotel formerly stood, and her entertainments +were both numerous and elaborate. She was one of the +daughters of John Mason, who began life as a tailor but +left at his death an estate valued at a million dollars, +which was a large fortune for those days. Isaac Jones +was president of the Chemical Manufacturing Company +and later became prominently connected with the Chemical +Bank of New York. A brother of Mrs. Jones married +Miss Emma Wheatley, a superior young woman who, +unfortunately for her father-in-law's peace of mind, was +an actress. This alliance was most distasteful to the whole +Mason connection, and when John Mason was approaching +death George W. Strong, a prominent lawyer, was +hastily summoned by his daughters to draft his will. Almost +immediately following Mr. Mason's funeral a legal +battle was commenced over his estate. He left outright +to his three daughters their proportionate share of his +fortune, but to his son who had displeased him by his +marriage he devised an annuity of only fifteen hundred +dollars. Charles O'Conor, the counsel for the son, in his +argument in behalf of his client, said that Mr. Mason's +daughters, instead of sending for a clergyman to console +his dying moments, had demanded the immediate presence +of a respectable lawyer, "a lawyer so respectable +that throughout his entire practice he never had a poor +client." Mr. O'Conor succeeded in breaking this will,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_154" id="Page_154">[154]</a></span> +and young Mason was given his proper share in his father's +estate.</p> + +<p>One of John Mason's daughters became the wife of +Gordon Hammersley, whose son Louis married the beautiful +Miss Lilly Warren Price of Troy, the daughter of +Commodore Cicero Price of the United States Navy. +She subsequently married the Duke of Marlborough, and +afterwards Lord William Beresford. The Marlborough-Hammersley +ceremony was performed in this country by +a justice of the peace, and the new Duchess of Marlborough +went to England to live upon her husband's depleted +estates. It is said that she was allowed by her late husband's +family an annual income of one hundred and fifty +thousand dollars; and Blenheim, which had long felt the +strain of "decay's effacing fingers," began again, through +the agency of the Hammersley wealth, to resemble the +structure once occupied by that tyrant of royalty, the imperious +Sarah Jennings.</p> + +<p>Very little seemed to be known about Louis Hammersley, +as he lived a retired life, and when seen in public was almost +invariably accompanied by his father, Gordon Hammersley. +When the two appeared upon the street, they +were sometimes facetiously dubbed "Dombey and Son." +They were familiar figures on Broadway, where they invariably +walked arm in arm. John Hammersley, a +brother of Gordon, was the æsthetic member of this well-known +family. One of his pet diversions was the giving +of unusual, and sometimes sensational, dinners. To celebrate +the completion of the trans-continental railroad, he +planned what he called a Roman dinner. His guests were +furnished with togas and partook of the meal in a reclining +position, like the Romans of old. This unique entertainment +was, of course, thoroughly enjoyed, but did not +become <i>à la mode</i> as the flowing toga could hardly compete +with trim waistcoats and clinging trousers, even on +festive occasions.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_155" id="Page_155">[155]</a></span></p> + +<p>Fifty years ago, more or less, a house was erected in +New York on the southwest corner of Fifth Avenue and +Fifteenth Street by Mrs. Charles Maverick Parker, and, +to the astonishment of Gothamites, it was said to have +cost one hundred thousand dollars! Later it became the +home of the Manhattan Club. Many old residents visited +it on its completion, as such a costly structure was regarded +with nothing short of amazement. I remember it +was an <i>on dit</i> of the town that upon one occasion, when +Mrs. Parker was personally escorting some unusually +prominent person through the mansion, she pointed to a +pretty little receptacle in her bedroom and exclaimed as +she passed: "That is where I keep my old shoes. I wear +old shoes just as other people do." The cost and pretentiousness +of her establishment caused her to be nicknamed +"Mrs. House Parker." Her residence was built +of brown stone, which so strongly appealed to the taste +of New Yorkers that in time the same material was +largely employed in the erection of dwellings. High ceilings +were then much in vogue and were greatly admired. +In our house in Houston Street, where I passed my late +childhood and early womanhood, the ceilings were unusually +high, while all of the doors were of massive mahogany +set in ornamental white frames. In subsequent years +I met so many persons who in former days had been our +neighbors in Houston Street that I was conceited enough +to designate that locality as "the cradle of the universe." +Anthony Bleecker Neilson was our next-door neighbor in +this famous old street, and during my life in China twin +sons of his, William and Bleecker, were again my neighbors +in Foo Chow, where they were both employed in the +<i>Hong</i> (firm) of Oliphant & Company.</p> + +<p>A rival to Mrs. Parker's fine house was not long in appearing. +Directly opposite a stately residence was built +by Mrs. Richard K. Haight which subsequently became +the New York Club. A great rivalry existed between<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_156" id="Page_156">[156]</a></span> +these two matrons which even extended to hats, feathers, +gowns and all the furbelows so dear to the feminine heart. +In fact, the far-famed houses of Montague and Capulet +could not have maintained more skillful tactics; and all +the while the Gothamites looked on and smiled. A few +years later Eugene Shiff, who had spent the greater portion +of his life in France, built a large house on Fifth +Avenue which he surmounted with a mansard roof. These +pioneers having set the pace, imposing residences were +erected in rapid succession, and the process has been continued +until the present day.</p> + +<p>In December, 1851, New York was agog over the arrival +upon the shores of America of Louis Kossuth. As +everyone knows, he was the leader of the Hungarian +revolution of 1848-9, and became the first governor of the +short-lived Hungarian Republic. When this was overthrown +by Austria and other countries, Kossuth fled to +Turkey and subsequently sailed for this country on the +U.S. Frigate <i>Mississippi</i>. When his arrival became +known, thousands of people thronged the streets anxious +to catch a first glimpse of the distinguished foreigner. +One might have fancied from the enthusiasm displayed +that he was one of our own conquering heroes returning +home. Americans were even more sympathetic then than +now with all struggles for political freedom, as the history +of our own trying experiences during the Revolution +was, from a sentimental point of view, even more of a +controlling influence than it is to-day. Several months +later I heard Kossuth deliver an address at the National +Hotel in Washington before a large assembly chiefly composed +of members of Congress, when his subject was "Hungary +and her woes." I vividly recall the impression produced +upon his audience when, in his deeply melodious +tones, he invoked the "Throne of Grace" and closed with +the appealing words: "What is life without prayer?" I +have never before or since observed an audience so com<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_157" id="Page_157">[157]</a></span>pletely +under the sway of an orator, as it seemed to me +that there was not a person in the room who at the moment +would not have been willing to acquiesce in whatever +demands or appeals he might present. Kossuth's +countenance suggested such profound depression that one +could readily credit the assertion he made during his remarks, +"I have been trained to grief." He wore during +the delivery of his address the picturesque costume of the +Magyars of his country.</p> + +<p>New York had an unusually large coterie of <i>littérateurs</i>, +many of whom it was my good fortune to know. Some +of these had only recently returned from Brook Farm +"sadder but wiser" and, at all events, with more practical +views concerning "the world's broad field of battle." +Brook Farm had its origin in 1841, and completely collapsed +in 1847. It was chiefly intended to be the fulfillment +of a dream of the Rev. Dr. William Henry Channing +of "an association in which the members, instead of +preying upon one another and seeking to put one another +down, after the fashion of this world, should live together +as brothers, seeking one another's elevation and spiritual +growth." It was essentially socialistic in its conception +and execution and, although professedly altruistic in its +nature, was in reality a visionary scheme which reflected +but little credit upon the judgment of either its originators +or its patrons. Its company was composed of "members" +and "scholars," to whom may be added a celebrated +list of those who sojourned at the Farm for brief periods +and were known as "visitors." The whole scheme was +without doubt one of the most visionary expressions of +New England transcendentalism, and it failed because in +the nature of things no such ventures ever have succeeded +and, until human nature is essentially revolutionized, +probably never can. Among its most distinguished members +were Nathaniel Hawthorne, Charles A. Dana, later +the brilliant and accomplished editor of <i>The New York</i><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_158" id="Page_158">[158]</a></span> +<i>Sun</i>, and George Ripley. George William Curtis was one +of its scholars, and among its visitors were the Rev. William +Henry Channing, Margaret Fuller, Ralph Waldo +Emerson, Amos Bronson Alcott, Orestes Augustus Bronson, +Theodore Parker and Elizabeth P. Peabody—forming +together one of the most brilliant intellectual galaxies +that were ever associated in a single enterprise.</p> + +<p>Of this number I especially recall George William Curtis, +a genius of the first brilliancy and remarkable withal +for his versatile conversational powers. I was talking to +him on one occasion when someone inquired as to his +especial work in the co-operative fold of Brook Farm. +His laughing reply was, "Cleaning door knobs." George +Ripley was a distinguished scholar and a prominent journalist. +His wife, a daughter of Francis Dana, became +a convert to Catholicism and is said to have found much +to console her in that faith until her death from cancer +in 1861. Margaret Fuller, though not possessed of much +outward grace, was a prolific votary of the pen. I occasionally +met her in society before she started on an European +tour where she met her destiny in the person of +the Marquis Giovanni Angelo Ossoli, to whom she was +secretly married in 1847. Some years later she embarked +with her husband and little boy upon a sailing vessel for +America, and all were lost off the coast of New York in +July, 1850. Horace Sumner, a younger brother of the +distinguished Massachusetts statesman, also perished at +the same time.</p> + +<p>About 1845 I met Anne C. Lynch of Providence, who +came to New York to promote her literary ambitions, and +was a pleasing addition to this same intellectual circle. She +was the author of several prose works and also of some +poetical effusions which were published in 1848 and received +high commendation. She married Vincenzo Botta, +a learned Italian who at one time was a professor in the +University of Turin. Their tastes were similar and the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_159" id="Page_159">[159]</a></span> +marriage was a very happy one. They lived for many +years on Thirty-seventh Street in New York, where they +maintained a charming <i>salon</i>. On Sunday evenings their +home was the rendezvous of many of the literary lights +of the metropolis as well as of distinguished strangers. +Some years before her marriage, Mrs. Botta was visiting +in Washington, where she formed a friendship with Henry +Clay. Upon her return to New York he committed to her +care a valuable gold medal, but upon arriving at her home +she discovered to her dismay that it was missing from her +trunk. It was the general impression that it had been +stolen from her on her way to New York. About the +same time I also knew Donald G. Mitchell ("Ik Marvel"), +but this was before he had entered upon his active +and distinguished literary career, and when he was a +temporary sojourner in New York. He was contributing +at that time some much appreciated letters to various magazines +under the signature of "The Lorgnette," which +were subsequently republished as a volume bearing the +same title.</p> + +<p>N. P. Willis was another literary genius of the same +period whom I had the pleasure of knowing. He was +cordially welcomed into the social world of New York; +but, unfortunately for his popularity, he wrote a prose effusion +entitled, "Those Ungrateful Blidgimses," which +was generally recognized as a direct attack upon two old +ladies who were held in high esteem in New York. It +was known to many persons that he had had a misunderstanding +with them and that he had employed this manner +of taking his revenge. New York society frowned +upon what was generally considered his ungallant conduct, +and for many years the doors of some of the most prominent +houses in the city were closed against him. As I +remember reading his story at the time, I thought its title +was but a poor disguise, as the sisters were named Bridgens, +the christian name of one of them being Cornelia.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_160" id="Page_160">[160]</a></span> +This name was distorted into "Crinny," who, by the way, +was a woman of decided ability. It was against her that +the author's animosity was chiefly directed. It seems +that the Misses Bridgens and Mr. Willis chanced to be sojourning +at the same time in Rome, where the scene of +his narrative is laid. Miss Crinny was a sufferer from +an attack of Roman fever and, under these dire circumstances, +Mr. Willis represents himself as her attendant, +and in this capacity refuses to condone the peculiarities +of the poor old lady's sick-room. His patience in gratifying +her morbid fancies is graphically described in a vein +of ridicule and he tells how by the hour he threaded what +he terms her "imaginary locks." He also dwells at +length upon her conversational powers and likens her +tongue to the elasticity of an eel's tail, which would wag +if it were skinned and fried. Charles Dudley Warner +has described this writing of Mr. Willis as "funny but +wicked"; it was more than that—it was cruel! Willis +made another reference to the two sisters in his "Earnest +Clay" where he speaks of "two abominable old maids by +the names of Buggins and Blidgins, representing the <i>scan. +mag.</i> of Florence."</p> + +<p>The New York public was in no hurry to reopen its +doors to Mr. Willis; indeed, it was not until after his +marriage to Miss Cornelia Grinnell, his second wife, that +he was again kindly received. I recall with much pleasure +a visit I made at Mrs. Winfield Scott's in New York, +after that city had ceased to be my home, when we went +together to dine with Mr. and Mrs. N. P. Willis at Idlewild, +their country home on the Hudson. These were the +days when Mrs. Scott was sometimes facetiously called +<i>Madame la Général</i>. This charming residence of Mr. +Willis was several miles south of Newburgh, on high +ground overlooking the river, and from its porches there +was an enchanting view of West Point. Mr. Willis told +us that when he first came to that vicinity he called the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_161" id="Page_161">[161]</a></span> +attention of a countryman from whom he had purchased +the land to some uncultivated acres and asked a suggestion +regarding them. "That," said the man, waving his hand +in the direction of the trees, "is nothing but an Idlewild." +The word lingered in Mr. Willis's mind, and he +subsequently adopted it as the name of his new home.</p> + +<p>While living in New York we frequently attended +parties at the hospitable home of Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin +F. Butler in Washington Place. He was an elegant gentleman +of the old school and had served as Attorney General +in the cabinets of Presidents Jackson and Van Buren. +They were people of deep religious convictions, and consequently +all their entertainments were conducted upon +the strictest code of the day. For example, dancing was +never permitted and wine was never served. In place of +dancing there was a continuous promenade. I generally +attended these parties accompanied by my father, who +enjoyed meeting the legal lights of the country, some of +whom were always there. Exceptionally handsome suppers +were served at these entertainments, and every effort +was made by Mr. and Mrs. Butler to make up, as it were, +for the lack of dancing which was sorely missed by those +more gayly inclined.</p> + +<p>A hundred thousand dollars was considered a highly +respectable fortune in New York between sixty and seventy +years ago. Seven per cent, was the usual rate of +interest, the cost of living was low, and life was, of +course, much simpler in every way. I recall a prominent +young man about this period, Henry Carroll Marx, commonly +called "Dandy Marx," who was said to be the +happy possessor of the amount I have named. He was +devoted to horses and from his home on Broadway he +could frequently be seen driving tandem on the cobblestone +streets. I do not remember his entering the social +arena; possibly he avoided it in order to escape the wiles +of designing mothers, whom one occasionally encountered<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_162" id="Page_162">[162]</a></span> +even in those ancient days. His faultless attire, which in +elegance surpassed all his rivals, won for him the nickname +of "Dandy." He also rendered himself conspicuous +as the first gentleman in New York to wear the long, +straight, and pointed waxed mustache. His two maiden +sisters were inseparable companions and nearly every day +could be seen walking on Broadway. Miss Lydia Kane, +one of the wits of my day and of whom I have already +spoken, facetiously called them "number 11"—two +straight marks!</p> + +<p>In 1845 Burton's Theater was an unfailing source of +delight to the pleasure-loving public. William E. Burton +was an Englishman of rare cultivation, and was the greatest +comedian New York had ever known. Although so +gifted, his expression of countenance was one of extreme +gravity. His presentation of Aminadab Sleek in the +"Serious Family" has, in my opinion, never been surpassed. +He frequently acted in minor comedies, but the +"Serious Family" was his greatest <i>rôle</i>. Niblo's Garden +on Broadway, near Houston Street, was a source of great +delight in those days to all Gothamites. It was in this +theater that the Ravel family had its remarkable athletic +performances. When I recall their graceful, youthful +physiques, I am reminded of Hamlet's philosophical musings +in the graveyard: "Where be your gibes now, your +gambols, your songs, your flashes of merriment that +were wont to set the table on a roar?" P. T. Barnum +was a conspicuous figure about this time. His museum +was on Broadway, at the corner of Ann Street, and not +far from the City Hall. He was considered a prince of +humbugs and perhaps gloried in his reputation as such. +I distinctly remember the excitement which he created +over a mummified old colored woman who, he asserted, +had been a nurse of Washington, and to whom he gave +the name of Joice Heth. She was undoubtedly a very +aged negress, but she still retained full powers of articu<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_163" id="Page_163">[163]</a></span>lation +and was well coached to reply in an intelligent manner +to the numerous inquiries respecting her pretended +charge. It is needless to add that she was only one of +Barnum's numerous fakes.</p> + +<p>Philip Kearny, a handsome gentleman of a former +school, who lived at the corner of Broadway and Leonard +Street, was a lavish entertainer. He was a widower when +I knew him, but his daughter, the wife of Major Alexander +S. Macomb, U.S.A., the son and aide of Major General +Alexander Macomb, Commander-in-Chief of the Army, +lived with him. Major Macomb was conspicuous for his +attractive personality and imposing presence and was said +to bear a striking resemblance to Prince Albert, the father +of Edward VII. His wife was one of the three heirs of +John Watts, who owned a princely estate. The other two +were her brother, the gallant General Philip Kearny, +and her cousin, General John Watts de Peyster, a son of +that most accomplished gentleman, Frederick de Peyster, +of whom I have already spoken. Mrs. Macomb was a generous +and attractive woman who dispensed with a liberal +hand the wealth she had inherited. Her pretty cousins, +Mary and Nancy Kearny, whom I knew quite well, +daughters of her father's brothers, were her constant +guests. Another frequent visitor of this household was +Mrs. "Phil" Kearny, as she was invariably called, whose +maiden name was Diana Moore Bullitt, a famous Kentucky +belle, well-known for her grace and intellectual attractions. +Her sister Eloise, usually called "Lou" Bullitt +by her intimate friends, married Baron Frederick de +Kantzow of Sweden, a courtly foreigner who had commercial +relations with the merchant princes of New York. +Tradition states that the Baroness de Kantzow, though +not possessed of Mrs. Kearny's beauty, was a more successful +slayer of hearts than her sister, and it is said that +she had adorers by the score. A third Bullitt sister, +Mary, married General Henry Atkinson and after his death<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_164" id="Page_164">[164]</a></span> +Major Adam Duncan Steuart, both of the United States +Army, the latter of whom was stationed for many years at +Fort Leavenworth.</p> + +<p>Mrs. Macomb's health failed at an early period of life +and to restore it she sought a foreign clime; but, alas, her +many friends were never gladdened again by her kindly +welcome, as she died abroad. In my young womanhood +I frequently attended parties at the Kearny house where +dancing and other social pleasures enlivened the scene. +In this connection it seems proper to refer at greater +length to John Watts and his interesting trio of daughters. +I have already spoken of his son Robert, who died +unmarried at an early age. His two older daughters, +Susanna, wife of Philip Kearny, and Mary Justina, wife +of Frederick de Peyster, did not long survive their marriages; +but a third daughter, Elizabeth, the wife of Henry +Laight, who never had children, lived many years with +her father and managed the affairs of his household. +An amusing story was told me many years ago regarding +Mrs. Laight which is well worthy of mention. As a +young girl she was deeply in love with the young man who +eventually became her husband, but her father was so +devoted to her and so very dependent upon her that he +violently opposed her marrying anyone. Accordingly, a +secret marriage was planned by the young people to take +place in Trinity Church. As the youthful pair was standing +in front of the altar, surrounded by a few sympathetic +friends, the rector reached the words, "Who giveth this +woman to be married to this man?" when, to the astonishment +of the assembled group, a gruff, loud voice in the +rear of the church shouted "I do." Old John Watts +had opposed his daughter's marriage with all his might, +but when he learned by chance that she was to be married +clandestinely, he graciously accepted the inevitable and +without the knowledge of anyone hurried to the church +and, entering it by a side door, duly performed his part<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_165" id="Page_165">[165]</a></span> +as just related. This anecdote was told me by Arent +Schuyler de Peyster, a distant cousin of General John +Watts de Peyster. Many years later, when I repeated it +to Mrs. Diana Bullitt Kearny, she remarked in her characteristic +manner: "He was mean enough not to even allow +her the satisfaction of a runaway marriage." This +estimate of his character, however, does not seem to agree +with that given by others. The Laights were prominent +in New York society. One of them, Edward Laight, whom +I knew as a society beau, was remarkably handsome. He +was a good deal of a flirt and transferred his affections +with remarkable facility from one young woman to another. +His sister married a Greek, Mr. Eugene Dutilh, +a gentleman of culture and refinement, who owned a +beautiful place at Garrison's-on-the-Hudson which he sold +about 1861 to Hamilton Fish.</p> + +<p>Philip Kearny and his family lived next door to Peter +A. Jay, and I frequently met the young people of his +household at Mrs. Macomb's parties. Gouverneur Morris, +a son of the distinguished statesman, and Edward Kearny +were <i>habitués</i> of this establishment, as were also Ridley +and Essex Watts, both of whom I knew well. General +"Phil" Kearny from his youthful days was an enthusiastic +soldier, but he was not a graduate of West Point, having +been appointed to the regular army from civil life +by President Van Buren in 1837. He served throughout +the Mexican War, where he had the misfortune to +lose an arm at the battle of Churubusco, and was killed +during the Civil War in 1862 at the battle of Chantilly.</p> + +<p>Speaking of General Macomb, I am reminded of a social +<i>on dit</i> of many years ago. Mrs. August Belmont (Caroline +Slidell Perry) lived in a fine house on Fifth Avenue +and frequently gave large receptions. His sister, Sarah +Perry, subsequently Mrs. R. S. Rodgers, was an early friend +of mine. The elegant Major Alexander S. Macomb, who was +his father's namesake and aide, on entering Mrs. Belmont's<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_166" id="Page_166">[166]</a></span> +drawing-room was unfortunate enough to brush against +a handsome vase and completely shatter it. It was generally +conceded that his hostess was conscious of the disaster, +but "was mistress of herself though China fall" and +appeared entirely unconscious of the mishap. Some +months later at the house of Lady Cunard (Mary McEvers), +a similar accident happened. The unfortunate guest, however, +in this case was immediately approached by his hostess, +who with much elegant grace begged him not to be +disturbed as the damage was trifling. Immediately society +began an animated discussion, when even the judicial +powers of Solomon might have found it embarrassing to +decide which of the two women should be accorded the +greater degree of <i>savoir faire</i>.</p> + +<p>In 1844, accompanied by my father, I attended the wedding +of Estelle Livingston, daughter of John Swift Livingston, +to John Watts de Peyster. At the time of this +marriage, Mr. de Peyster was considered the finest <i>parti</i> +in the city; while, apart from his great wealth, he was so +unusually talented that it was generally believed a brilliant +future awaited him. It was a home wedding, and +the drawing-room was well filled with the large family +connection and other invited guests. At this time Mr. +Livingston was a widower, but his sister Maria, Mrs. John +C. Stevens of Hoboken, did the honors of the occasion for +her brother. The young bride presented a charming appearance +in all her finery, and at the bountiful collation +following the ceremony champagne flowed freely. This, +however, was no unusual thing, as that beverage was generally +seen at every entertainment in those good old days. +Mrs. John C. Stevens lived at one time in Barclay Street, +and I have heard numerous stories concerning her eccentricities. +In 1849 she gave a fancy-dress ball but, as she +had failed to revise her visiting list in many years, persons +who had long been dead were among her invited guests. +She was especially peculiar in her mode of dress, which<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_167" id="Page_167">[167]</a></span> +was not always adapted to her social position. It is therefore +not at all surprising that unfortunate mistakes were +occasionally made in regard to her identity. Another of +her eccentricities consisted in the fact that she positively +refused, when shopping, to recognize even her most intimate +friends, as she said it was simply impossible for her +to combine business with pleasure. In spite of her peculiarities, +however, she possessed unusual social charm. +Her husband was prominent in society and business circles. +He was founder of the New York Yacht Club as +well as its first president, and commanded the <i>America</i> in +the memorable race in England in 1851, which won the +celebrated cup that Sir Thomas Lipton and other English +yachtsmen have failed to restore to their native land. +Mary Livingston, the younger daughter of John Swift +Livingston, was a <i>petite</i> beauty. She married a distant +relative, a son of Maturin Livingston. I am told that her +brother, Johnston Livingston, is still living in New York +at a very advanced age.</p> + +<p>Joseph Kemmerer's band was an indispensable adjunct +to all social gatherings in the days of which I am speaking. +The number of instruments used was always in proportion +to the size of the entertainment. The inspiring +airs of Strauss and Labitzky, then in vogue, were popular +with the younger set. These airs bring back pleasant +memories, as I have frequently danced to them. The +waltz in my day was a fine art and its votaries were numerous. +I recall the fact that Edward James of Albany, +a witty young gentleman with whom I occasionally danced, +was such a devotee to the waltz that, not possessing sufficient +will power to resist its charms and having a delicate +constitution, he nearly danced himself into another +world. Two attractive young brothers, Thomas H. and +Daniel Messinger, who were general beaux in society, +played their parts most successfully in the social world +by their graceful dancing, and no ball was considered com<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_168" id="Page_168">[168]</a></span>plete +without their presence. These brothers were associated +in the umbrella industry, and Miss Lydia Kane, some +of whose witty remarks I have already quoted, dubbed +them the "reigning beaux!" Daniel Messinger eventually +married Miss Elizabeth Coles Neilson, a daughter of Anthony +Bleecker Neilson, and became a Lieutenant Colonel +in the Union Army during the Civil War.</p> + +<p>The British Consul General in New York from 1817 to +1843 was James Buchanan. He was Irish by birth, and +many young British subjects visiting the United States +made his home their headquarters. He had several +daughters and, as the whole family was social in its tastes, +I often enjoyed meeting these sturdy representatives of +John Bull at his house. Those I knew best came from +"the land of brown heath and shaggy wood," as in +our family we were naturally partial to Scotchmen and, +as a rule, regarded them as desirable acquaintances. +Many of these were graduates of Glasgow University +and young men of unusual culture and refinement. I +especially remember Mr. McCorquodale, a nephew of Dr. +Thomas Chalmers, the distinguished Presbyterian Divine +of Scotland. He met his future wife in New York in the +person of a wealthy and attractive widow. Her maiden +name I do not recall, although I am acquainted with certain +facts concerning her lineage. She was the granddaughter +of Madame de Genlis.</p> + +<p>I doubt whether any of these young Scotchmen whom +I met remained permanently in this country, as they always +seemed too loyal to the "Land o' Cakes" to entirely +expatriate themselves. Another young Scotchman, Mr. +Dundas, whom I knew quite well through the Buchanans, +embarked for his native land on board the steamer <i>President</i>. +This ship sailed in the spring of 1841 and never +reached her destination. What became of her was never +known and her fate remains to this day one of the mysteries +of the sea. In the fall of 1860 the U.S. man-of-<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_169" id="Page_169">[169]</a></span>war +<i>Levant</i>, on her voyage from the Hawaiian Islands +to Panama, disappeared in the same mysterious manner +in the Pacific Ocean; and, as was the case with the <i>President</i>, +no human being aboard of her was ever heard of +again. There were many conjectures in regard to the +fate of this ship, but the true story of her doom has never +been revealed. I remember two of the officers who perished +with her. One of them was Lieutenant Edward C. +Stout, who had married a daughter of Commodore John +H. Aulick, U.S.N., and whose daughters, the Misses +Julia and Minnie Stout, are well remembered in Washington +social circles; and the other was Purser Andrew J. +Watson, who was a member of one of the old residential +families of the District of Columbia.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_170" id="Page_170">[170]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER VIII</h2> + +<h3>WASHINGTON IN THE FORTIES</h3> + + +<p>My first visit to Washington was in 1845. I +started from New York at eight o'clock in the +morning and reached Philadelphia late the same +afternoon. I broke the journey by spending the night at +Jones's Hotel in the lower part of the city, which was the +usual stopping place of travelers who made this trip. A +few years later when the journey from New York to Washington +was made in twelve hours, it was thought that almost +a miracle had been performed.</p> + +<p>Mrs. Winfield Scott in 1855 characterized the National +Capital as "an ill-contrived, ill-arranged, rambling, +scrambling village"; and it was certainly all of that when +I first saw it. It is not improbable that the cause of this +condition of affairs was a general feeling of uncertainty +as to whether Washington would remain the permanent +seat of government, especially as the West was naturally +clamoring for a more centrally located capital. When I +first visited the city the ubiquitous real-estate agent had +not yet materialized, and corner lots, now so much in demand, +could be purchased at a small price. Taxation +was moderate and Congress, then as now, held itself responsible +for one-half of the taxes. As land was cheap +there was no necessity for economy in its use, and spacious +fronts were built regardless of back-buildings. In other +cases, when one's funds were limited, the rear of the +house was first built and later a more imposing front was +added. The contrast between the houses of New York, +built closely together in blocks, and those in Washington, +with the abundant space around them, was a great sur<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_171" id="Page_171">[171]</a></span>prise +to me. Unlike many other cities, land in Washington, +then, as now, was sold and taxed by the square foot.</p> + +<p>My elder sister Fanny had married Charles Eames, +Esq., of the Washington Bar, and my visit was to her. +Mr. Eames entered Harvard in 1827 when less than sixteen +years of age, and was a classmate of Wendell Phillips +and of John Lothrop Motley, the historian. The distinguished +Professor of Harvard University, Andrew P. Peabody, +LL.D., in referring to him many years after his +death said that he was "the first scholar of his class, and +was regarded as a man of unlimited power of acquisition, +and of marked ability as a public speaker." After leaving +Harvard he studied law, but ill health prevented him +from practicing his profession. He accompanied to Washington +George Bancroft, President Polk's Secretary of the +Navy, by whom he was made principal correspondence +clerk of the Navy Department. He remained there but a +few months when he became associate editor of <i>The Washington +Union</i> under the well-known Thomas Ritchie, usually +known as "Father Ritchie." He was subsequently +appointed by Polk a commissioner to negotiate a treaty +with the Hawaiian Islands, and took passage upon the +U.S. Frigate <i>Savannah</i> and sailed, by way of Cape Horn, +for San Francisco. He unexpectedly found awaiting his +arrival in that city Dr. Gerrit P. Judd, Prime Minister of +the King, with two young Hawaiian princes. After the +treaty was made, he returned east and for six months +edited <i>The Nashville Union</i>, when he again assumed charge +of <i>The Washington Union</i>. President Pierce subsequently +appointed him Minister to Venezuela, where he remained +until 1859, and then returned to Washington, where he +practiced his profession for the remainder of his life. It +was while arguing an important case before the Supreme +Court that he was stricken, and he died on the 16th of +March, 1867. He sustained a high reputation as an admiralty +lawyer as well as for his knowledge of inter<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_172" id="Page_172">[172]</a></span>national +jurisprudence. I have now before me a letter +addressed to his widow by Wendell Phillips only three +days after his death. It is one of the valued possessions +of Mr. Eames's daughter, who is my niece and the wife +of that genial Scotchman, Alexander Penrose Gordon-Cumming. +It reads:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p class='right'><span class="smcap">Quincy</span>, Illinois, March 19, 1867.</p> + +<p>My dear friend,</p> + +<p>I have just crossed from the other side of the Mississippi, +and am saddened by learning from the papers my +old and dear friend's death.</p> + +<p>The associations that bind us together go back many, +many years. We were boys together in sunny months +full of frolic, plans and hopes. The merriment and the +seriousness, the toil and the ambition of those days all +cluster round him as memory brings him to me in the flush +of his youth. I have seen little of him of late years, as +you know, but the roots of our friendship needed no constant +care; they were too strong to die or wilt, and when +we did meet it was always with the old warmth and intimacy. +I feel more alone in the world now he has gone. +One by one the boy's comrades pass over the river and +life loses with each some of its interest.</p> + +<p>I was hoping in coming years, as life grew less busy, to +see more of my old playmate, and this is a very unexpected +blow. Be sure I sympathize with you most tenderly, +and could not resist the impulse to tell you so. +Little as we have met, I owe to your kind and frank interest +in me a sense of very warm and close relation to +you—feel as if I had known you ever so many years. I +hope our paths may lead us more together so that I may +learn to know you better and gather some more distinct +ideas of Eames' later years. All his youth I have by heart.</p> + +<p>With most affectionate regards believe me</p> + +<p class='indent3'>Very faithfully yours,</p> + +<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">Wendell Phillips</span>.</p> + +<p>Mrs. Eames.</p> + +<p>I think women never fully realize the strange tenderness +with which men cling to college mates. No mat<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_173" id="Page_173">[173]</a></span>ter +how much opinions or residence separate grown-up +men, to have been classmates is a tie that like blood never +loosens. Any man that has a heart feels it thrill at the +sight of one of <i>those</i> comrades. Later friendships may be +close, never so tender—this makes boys of us again at any +moment. Unfamiliar tears obey its touch, and a singular +sense of loneliness settles down on survivors—Good-bye.</p></div> + +<p>The young Hawaiian princes to whom I have just referred +and who, by the way, were mere boys, accompanied +Dr. Judd to New York where my younger brother, Malcolm, +thinking he might make the acquaintance of some +genial playmates, called to see them. Upon his return +from his visit his only criticism was, "those dusky princes +certainly give themselves airs."</p> + +<p>My sister, Mrs. Eames, lived in a house on G +Street near Twenty-first Street in what was then known +as the First Ward. This general section, together with +a part of Indiana Avenue, some portions of Capitol Hill, +Sixth and Seventh Streets, and all of that part of the +city bounded on the north by K Street, on the south by +Pennsylvania Avenue, and westward of Fourteenth +Street to Georgetown, was at this time the fashionable +section of the city. Like many other places in its formative +period, Washington then presented the picture of +fine dwelling houses and shanties standing side by side. +I remember, for example, that as late as 1870 a fine residence +on the corner of I and Fifteenth Streets was located +next to a small frame house occupied by a colored +undertaker. The latter's business was prosperous, but his +wealthy neighbor objected to the constant reminder of +death caused by seeing from his fine bay window the +numerous coffins carried in and out. He asked the undertaker +to name his price for his property, but he declined, +and all of his subsequent offers were ignored. Finally, +after several years' patient waiting, during which offer +after offer had been politely but positively rejected, the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_174" id="Page_174">[174]</a></span> +last one being an almost princely sum, the owner sold his +home and moved away, leaving his humble neighbor in triumphant +possession. This is simply a fair example of the +conditions existing in Washington when I first knew it.</p> + +<p>Two rows of houses on Pennsylvania Avenue, known as +the "Six and Seven Buildings," were fashionable dwellings. +Admiral David D. Porter, then a Lieutenant in the +Navy, occupied one of them. Miss Catharine L. Brooke +kept a girls' school in another, while still another was the +residence of William Lee of Massachusetts. I have been +informed that while serving in a consular office abroad, +under the appointment of President Monroe, Mr. Lee was +commissioned by him to select a dinner set for the White +House.</p> + +<p>Architects, if I remember correctly, were almost unknown +in Washington at this time. When a person was +sufficiently venturesome to build a house for himself, he +selected a residence suited to his tastes and directed a +builder to erect one like it. Speculative building was entirely +unknown, and if any resident of the District had +embarked upon such a venture he would have been regarded +as the victim of a vivid but disordered fancy.</p> + +<p>Mrs. C. R. Latimer kept a fashionable boarding house in +a large brick dwelling facing Lafayette Square where the +Belasco Theater now stands. Mr. and Mrs. Hamilton +Fish boarded with her while the former was a Representative +in Congress, and Mr. and Mrs. Sanders Irving, +so well and favorably known to all old Washingtonians, +also made this house their home. Many years +later it was the residence of William H. Seward, and he +was living there when the memorable attempt was made +in 1865 to assassinate him. As is well known, it subsequently +became the home of James G. Blaine. When Hamilton +Fish was elected to the Senate, he purchased a house +on H Street, between Seventeenth and Eighteenth Streets, +which was afterwards known as the "Porter house."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_175" id="Page_175">[175]</a></span> +Previously it had been owned and occupied by General +"Phil" Kearny.</p> + +<p>The shops of Washington in 1845 were not numerous, +and were located chiefly upon Pennsylvania Avenue, Seventh +Street then being a residential section. The most +prominent dry-goods store was kept by Darius Clagett +at the corner of Ninth Street and Pennsylvania Avenue. +Mr. Clagett, invariably cordial and courteous, always +stood behind his counter, and I have had many pleasant +chats with him while making my purchases. Although he +kept an excellent selection of goods, it was usually the +custom for prominent Washington folk to make their +larger purchases in Baltimore. A little later Walter Harper +kept a dry-goods store on Pennsylvania Avenue, near +Eighth Street, and some years later two others appeared, +one kept by William M. Shuster on Pennsylvania Avenue, +first between Seventh and Eighth Streets, and later between +Ninth and Tenth; and the other by Augustus and +Thomas Perry on the corner of Ninth Street and Pennsylvania +Avenue. Charles Demonet, the confectioner, +made his appearance a little later on Pennsylvania Avenue, +between Seventeenth and Eighteenth Streets; but +Charles Gautier, on Pennsylvania Avenue, between +Twelfth and Thirteenth Streets, was his successful rival +and was regarded more favorably in aristocratic circles. +Madame Marguerite M. Delarue kept a shop on the north +side of the same avenue, also between Twelfth and Thirteenth +Streets, where small articles of dress dear to the +feminine heart could be bought. There were several +large grocery stores on the south side of Pennsylvania +Avenue, between Sixth and Seventh Streets. Benjamin +L. Jackson and Brother were the proprietors of one and +James L. Barbour and John A. Hamilton of another, although +the two latter had their business house at an earlier +day on Louisiana Avenue. Louis Vavans was the accomplished +cook and caterer, and sent to their rooms the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_176" id="Page_176">[176]</a></span> +meals of many persons temporarily residing in Washington. +Joseph Redfern, his son-in-law, kept a grocery store +in the First Ward. Franck Taylor, the father of the late +Rear Admiral Henry C. Taylor, U.S.N., was the proprietor +of a book store on Pennsylvania Avenue, near Four-and-a-Half +Street, where many of the scholarly men of +the day congregated to discuss literary and current topics. +His store had a bust of Sir Walter Scott over its door, +and he usually kept his front show-windows closed to prevent +the light from fading the bindings of his books. +The Center Market was located upon the same site as at +present, but of course it has since been greatly enlarged +and improved. All the stores on Louisiana Avenue sold +at retail. I remember the grocery store of J. Harrison +Semmes on Ninth Street and Louisiana Avenue, opposite +the Center Market; and the hardware store kept by +Joseph Savage on Pennsylvania Avenue, between Sixth +and Seventh Streets, and at another time between Third +and Fourth Streets.</p> + +<p>On Fifteenth Street opposite the Treasury was another +well-known boarding house, conducted by Mrs. Ulrich and +much patronized by members of the Diplomatic Corps. +Willard's Hotel was just around the corner on the site +of the New Willard, and its proprietor was Caleb Willard. +Brown's Hotel, farther down town, on Pennsylvania +Avenue and Sixth Street, was a popular rendezvous +for Congressional people. It was first called the Indian +Queen, and was kept by that prince of hosts, Jesse Brown. +After his death the name was changed to the Metropolitan.</p> + +<p>The National Hotel on the opposite corner was the largest +hostelry in Washington. It boasted of a large Southern +<i>cliéntèle</i>, and until President Buchanan's administration +enjoyed a very prosperous career. Subsequent to +Buchanan's inauguration, however, a mysterious epidemic +appeared among the guests of the house which the physicians +of the District failed to satisfactorily diagnose. It<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_177" id="Page_177">[177]</a></span> +became commonly known as the "National Hotel disease," +and resulted in numerous deaths. A notice occasionally +appeared in the current newspapers stating that the deceased +had died from this malady. Mrs. Robert Greenhow, +in her book published in London during the Civil +War, entitled "My Imprisonment and the First Years of +Abolition Rule at Washington," attributes the epidemic +to the machinations of the Republicans, who were desirous +of disposing of President Buchanan. John Gadsby was +its proprietor at one time, from whom it usually went by +the name of "Gadsby's." President Buchanan was one of +its guests on the eve of his inauguration.</p> + +<p>When I first knew Washington, slavery was in full sway +and, with but few exceptions, all servants were colored. +The wages of a good cook were only six or seven dollars a +month, but their proficiency in the culinary art was remarkable. +I remember once hearing Count Adam +Gurowski, who had traversed the European continent, +remark that he had never anywhere tasted such cooking +as in the South. The grace of manner of many of the +elderly male slaves of that day would, indeed, have +adorned a court. When William L. Marcy, who, although +a master in statesmanship and diplomacy, was not especially +gifted in external graces, was taking final leave of +the clerks in the War Department, where as Secretary he +had rendered such distinguished services under President +Polk, he shook hands with an elderly colored employee +named Datcher, who had formerly been a body servant to +President Monroe, and said: "Good-bye, Datcher; if I had +had your manners I should have left more friends behind +me." Some years later, and after my marriage into the +Gouverneur family, I had the good fortune to have passed +down to me a venerable colored man who had served my +husband's family for many years and whose name was +"Uncle James." His manner at times was quite overpowering. +On entering my drawing-room on one occasion<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_178" id="Page_178">[178]</a></span> +to greet George Newell, brother-in-law and guest of ex-Governor +Marcy, I found him seated upon a sofa and apparently +engaged in a "brown study." Referring at once +to "Uncle James," he inquired: "Who is that man?" +Upon my replying, "An old family servant," he remarked: +"Well, he is the most polite man I have ever +met."</p> + +<p>Some years later my sister, Mrs. Eames, moved into a +house on the corner of H and Fourteenth Streets, which +she and her husband had built and which she occupied +until her death in 1890. I naturally shrink from dwelling +in detail upon her charm of manner and social career, +and prefer rather to quote an extract from a sketch which +appeared in one of the newspapers just after her death:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>... During the twenty-eight years of her married +life in Washington Mrs. Eames's house was one of the favorite +resorts of the most conspicuous and interesting men +of the nation; it was a species of neutral ground where +men of all parties and shades of political opinion found +it agreeable to foregather. Though at first in moderate +circumstances and living in a house which rented for less +than $300 a year, there was no house in Washington except, +perhaps, the President's, where one was sure of meeting +any evening throughout the year so many people of +distinction.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 326px;"><a name="img5" id="img5"></a> +<a href="images/img05.jpg"><img src="images/img05th.jpg" width="326" height="400" alt="Mrs. Charles Eames, neé Campbell, by Gambadella. +Owned by Mrs. Gordon-Cumming." title="" /></a> +<span class="caption">Mrs. Charles Eames, neé Campbell, by Gambadella.<br /></span> +<span class='caption2'><i>Owned by Mrs. Gordon-Cumming.</i></span> +</div> + +<p>Mr. and Mrs. Marcy were devoted to Mrs. Eames; her +<i>salon</i> was almost the daily resort of Edward Everett, +Rufus Choate, Charles Sumner, Secretary [James] Guthrie, +Governor [John A.] Andrews of Massachusetts, Winter +Davis, Caleb Cushing, Senator Preston King, N.P. +Banks, and representative men of that ilk. Mr. [Samuel +J.] Tilden when in Washington was often their guest. The +gentlemen, who were all on the most familiar terms with the +family, were in the habit of bringing their less conspicuous +friends from time to time, thus making it quite the +most attractive <i>salon</i> that has been seen in Washington +since the death of Mrs. Madison, and made such without +any of the attractions of wealth or luxury.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_179" id="Page_179">[179]</a></span></p> + +<p>The relations thus established with the public men of +the country at her fireside were strengthened and enriched +by a voluminous correspondence. Her father, who was a +very accomplished man, had one of the largest and choicest +private libraries in New York, of which, from the time she +could read, Mrs. Eames had the freedom; in this library +she spent more time than anyone else, and more than anywhere +else, until her marriage. As a consequence, it is no +disparagement to any one else to say that during her residence +there she was intellectually quite the most accomplished +woman in Washington. Her epistolary talent was +famous in her generation.</p> + +<p>Her correspondence if collected and published would +prove to have been not less voluminous than Mme. de +Sevigné's and, in point of literary art, in no particular +inferior to that of the famous French woman.</p></div> + +<p>After three or four months spent in Washington, I returned +to my home in New York; and several years later, +in the spring of 1848, suffered one of the severest ordeals +of my life. I refer to my father's death. No human +being ever entered eternity more beloved or esteemed than +he, and as I look back to my life with him I realize that +I was possibly more blessed than I deserved to be permitted +to live with such a well-nigh perfect character and +to know him familiarly. From my earliest childhood I +was accustomed to see the sorrowing and oppressed come +to him for advice. He was especially qualified to perform +such a function owing to his long tenure of the office +of Surrogate. Widows and orphans who could not +afford litigation always found in him a faithful friend. +With a capacity of feeling for the wrongs of others as +keenly as though inflicted upon himself, his sympathy invariably +assumed a practical form and he accordingly +left behind him hosts of sorrowing and grateful hearts. +A short time before his death I visited a dying widow, a +devoted Roman Catholic, whom from time to time my +father had assisted. When I was about to leave, she said:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_180" id="Page_180">[180]</a></span> +"Say to your father I hope to meet him among the just +made perfect." This remark of a poor woman has been +to me through all these years a greater consolation than +any public tribute or imposing eulogy. Finely chiseled +monuments and fulsome epitaphs are not to be compared +with the benediction of grateful hearts.</p> + +<p>The funeral services were conducted, according to the +custom of sixty years ago, by the Rev. Dr. William Adams +and the Rev. Dr. Philip Milledoler. Members of the bar +and many prominent residents of New York, including +his two physicians, Doctors John W. Francis and Campbell +F. Stewart, walked behind the coffin, which, by the +way, was not placed in a hearse but was carried to the +Second Street Cemetery, where his remains were temporarily +placed. There were six clergymen present at +his funeral—the Rev. Doctors Thomas De Witt, Thomas +E. Vermilye, Philip Milledoler, William Adams, John +Knox and George H. Fisher, all ministers of the Reformed +Dutch Church except the Rev. Dr. Adams, the distinguished +Presbyterian divine.</p> + +<p>I find myself almost instinctively returning to the +Scott family as associated with the most cherished memories +of some of the happiest days of my life. During my +childhood I formed a close intimacy with Cornelia Scott, +the second daughter of the distinguished General, which +continued until the close of her life. When I first knew +the family it made its winter home in New York at +the American Hotel, then a fashionable hostelry kept by +William B. Cozzens, on the corner of Barclay Street and +Broadway. In the summer the family resided at Hampton, +the old Mayo place near Elizabeth in New Jersey, +where they kept open house. Colonel John Mayo of Richmond, +whose daughter Maria was the wife of General +Scott, had purchased this country seat many years before +as a favor to his wife, Miss Abigail De Hart of New Jersey, +and Mrs. Scott subsequently inherited it. Colonel<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_181" id="Page_181">[181]</a></span> +John Mayo, who was a citizen of large wealth and great +prominence, was so public-spirited that not long subsequent +to the Revolutionary War, and entirely at his own +expense, he built from his own plans a bridge across the +James River at Richmond. I have heard Mrs. Scott +graphically describe her father's trips from Richmond to +Elizabeth in his coach-of-four with outriders and grooms, +and his enthusiastic reception when he reached his +destination.</p> + +<p>I have frequently heard it said that Mrs. Scott as a +young woman refused the early offers of marriage from +the man who eventually became her husband because his +rank in the army was too low to suit her taste, but that +she finally relented when he became a General. I am +able to contradict this statement as Mrs. Scott told me +with her own lips that she never made his acquaintance +until he was a General, in spite of the fact that they were +both natives of the same State. This did not by any +means, however, indicate a marriage late in life, as General +Scott became a Brigadier General on the 9th of March, +1814, when he was between twenty-seven and twenty-eight +years of age. In the <i>Sentinel</i>, published in Newark, +New Jersey, on the 25th of March, 1817, the following +marriage notice appears:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Married—at Belleville, Virginia, at the seat of Col. +Mayo, General Winfield Scott of the U.S. Army to Miss +Maria D. Mayo.</p></div> + +<p>Mrs. Scott's record as a belle was truly remarkable, and +in the latter years of her life when I knew her very intimately +she still retained traces of great beauty. Her +accomplishments, too, were extraordinary for that period. +She was not only a skilled performer upon the piano and +harp, but also a linguist of considerable proficiency, while +her grace of manner and brilliant powers of repartee<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_182" id="Page_182">[182]</a></span> +added greatly to her social charms. On one occasion during +Polk's administration she attended a levee at the +White House, and as she passed down the line with the +other guests she received an enthusiastic welcome and was +soon so completely surrounded by an admiring throng that +for a while Mrs. Polk was left very much to herself. It +was Mrs. Scott who wrote in the album of a friend the +verse entitled, "The Two Faults of Men." Two other +verses were written under it several years later by +the Hon. William C. Somerville of Maryland, at one time +our Minister to Sweden, and the author of "Letters from +Paris on the Causes and Consequences of the French +Revolution."</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Women have many faults,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">The men have only two;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">There's nothing right they say,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">And nothing right they do.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i4"><i>Reply</i><br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">That men are naughty rogues we know,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">The girls are roguish, too.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">They watch each other wondrous well<br /></span> +<span class="i1">In everything they do.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">But if we men do nothing right,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">And never say what's true,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">What precious fools you women are<br /></span> +<span class="i1">To love us as you do.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>Many years ago General and Mrs. Scott traveled with +their youthful family through Europe, and while at the +French Capital Mrs. Scott attended a fancy-dress ball +where she represented Pocahontas and was called <i>La +belle sauvage</i>. I have talked to two elderly officers of +our Army, Colonel John M. Fessenden and General John +B. Magruder, the latter subsequently of Confederate fame, +and both of them told me that at this entertainment she +was an object of general admiration. Many years later, +long after Mrs. Scott's death, I was visiting her daughter,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_183" id="Page_183">[183]</a></span> +Mrs. Henry L. Scott, for the last time at the old Elizabeth +home, accompanied by my young daughter Maud, when +the latter was invited to a fancy-dress ball given to children +at the residence of General George Herbert Pegram. +At first I was at my wits' end to devise a suitable gown +for her to wear, when Mrs. Scott brought out the historic +fancy dress worn by her mother so many years before in +Paris and gave it to me. It seems almost needless to +add that the child wore the dress, and that I have it now +carefully put away among my treasured possessions. +Many years subsequent to Mrs. Scott's visit to Paris, her +sister, Mrs. Robert Henry Cabell of Richmond, published +for the benefit of a charity her letters written from abroad +to her family in Virginia, containing many interesting +recollections of Paris.</p> + +<p>At the beginning of the Mexican War the Scotts were +living in New York but, for a reason I do not now recall, +Mrs. Scott decided to spend a winter during the General's +absence in Philadelphia. She secured a portion of a furnished +house at 111 South Sixth Street, and in the spring +of 1847 I was invited to be her guest. The evening of +the day of my arrival I attended a party at the residence +of Judge John Meredith Read, a descendant of George +Read, a Signer from Delaware. Upon the urgent request +of Mrs. Scott I went to this entertainment entirely alone, +as she and her daughter Cornelia were indisposed and she +wished her household to be represented. Judge Read was +a widower and some years later I renewed my acquaintance +with him in Washington. During my visit in Philadelphia, +Mrs. Scott was suddenly called away and hesitated +about leaving us two young girls in the house alone, her +younger daughters being absent at school. Finally, she +made arrangements for us to spend the days of her absence +in Burlington, New Jersey, with Miss Susan Wallace, +a friend of hers and a niece of the Hon. William +Bradford, Attorney-General during a portion of Wash<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_184" id="Page_184">[184]</a></span>ington's +last administration. This, however, was not altogether +a satisfactory arrangement for us young people +and we became decidedly restless, but to Burlington we +went just the same. Meanwhile, news came from Mexico +of a great American victory and the public went wild +with enthusiasm. Philadelphia made plans to celebrate +the glad event on a certain evening, and Cornelia Scott +and I decided to return to Philadelphia for the festivities. +We carefully planned the trip and took as our protector +a faithful colored man named Lee. Arabella Griffith, an +adopted daughter of Miss Wallace, also accompanied us, +and as another companion we took Mrs. Scott's pet dog +<i>Gee</i> whom, before the evening was over, we found to be +very troublesome. We made the trip to Philadelphia by +water and landed in an out-of-the-way portion of the city. +Owing to the dense crowds assembled to view the decorations, +illuminations and fireworks, we were unable to procure +a carriage and consequently were obliged to walk, +while, to cap the climax, in pushing through the crowd +we lost Miss Griffith. General Scott's name was upon the +lips of everyone, and his pictures were seen hanging +from many windows; yet the daughter of the hero who +was the cause of all the enthusiasm was a simple wayfarer, +rubbing elbows with the multitude, unrecognized +and entirely ignored. I may state, by the way, that Arabella +Griffith subsequently became the wife of General +Francis C. Barlow and that, while her husband was fighting +the battles of his country during the Civil War, she +did noble service in the Union hospitals as a member of +the United States Sanitary Commission, and died in the +summer of 1864 from a fever contracted in the hospitals +of the Army of the Potomac.</p> + +<p>I remained in Philadelphia much longer than I had +originally anticipated, and unexpected warm weather +found me totally unprepared. I immediately wrote to my +sister Margaret and asked her to send me some suitable<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_185" id="Page_185">[185]</a></span> +apparel. Her letter in reply to mine, which I insert, +gives something of an idea of New York society of that +period. As she was quite a young girl her references to +Miss Julia Gerard whom she knew quite well and "Old +Leslie Irving," who, by the way, was only a young man, +must be regarded merely as the silly utterances of extreme +youth:—</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Dear Sister,</p> + +<p>I received your letter and as it requires an immediate +answer, I shall commence writing you one. I believe in +my last I mentioned to you that I was going to Virginia +Wood's [Mrs. John L. Rogers] the following evening. I +went with [William B.] Clerke [a young broker] and had +quite a pleasant time. There were two young ladies there +from Virginia whose names I do not know, Dr. Augustine +Smith's daughter, myself, Mr. Galliher, Mr. Rainsford, Mr. +Bannister and Mr. Pendleton [John Pendleton of Fredericksburg, +Virginia]. I was introduced to the latter and +liked him quite well. I had a long talk with him. His +manners are entirely too coquettish to suit me; he does nothing +but shrug his shoulders and roll up his eyes—perhaps +it is a Virginia custom. He seems to think Miss Gerard +[Julia, daughter of James W. Gerard] his <i>belle</i> ideal or +<i>beau</i> ideal of everything lovely, etc. I told him that I +thought her awful, that she had such an inanimate sickly +expression, and I abused her at a great rate! I expect +he thinks I am a regular devil!</p> + +<p>Tonight I am going to the opera. "Lucretia Borgia" +is to be performed. I have learned a song from Lucia. +So you can imagine how much the rooster has improved!</p> + +<p>On Thursday evening I was at the Moore's [Dr. William +Moore]. Frank Bucknor came for me and brought +me home. His sister [Cornelia Bucknor, subsequently the +wife of Professor John Howard Van Amringe of Columbia +College] was there, Beek Fish [Beekman Fish], Bayard +Fish, Dr. [Adolphus] Follin, old Leslie Irving and Frank +Van Rensselaer. Miss Moore told me that May came for +us that evening to go to the Academy. I am dreadfully +sorry that you will not be able to go to the Kemble [Mrs.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_186" id="Page_186">[186]</a></span> +William Kemble] ball; they are going to have it on Monday. +I dare say it will be very pleasant and old Chrystie +will be there. Emily B. [Emily Bucknor] and Frank +[Bucknor] are going.</p> + +<p>My hat has come home, and it is very pretty; it is a +sherred blue crape, without any ribbon—trimmed very +simply with blue crape and illusion mixed and the same +inside.</p> + +<p>Mrs. William Le Roy has been to see you. Ma thinks +that you had better come home when you first expected—on +Tuesday or Wednesday. I am very much disappointed +that you are not here to go to the Kembles as you have a +dress to wear.</p> + +<p>You can tell Adeline [Adeline Camilla Scott], if you +please, that Mr. Pendleton wants to know the use of sending +her to school when her head is filled with beaux and +parties. I told him her mother did it to keep her out of +mischief. Bucknor says he thinks it is time for you to +come home. If you stay much longer my spring fever +will come on and I shall get so many things there will be +no money left for you. Besides Mr. Pendleton is going to +the Bucknor's some day next week and I am going to get +him to stop for me, and if you are home I shall invite you +to go along. Beek Fish will be there the same evening +with his flute. He told Emily B. that his sister [Mrs. +Thomas Pym Remington of Philadelphia] had written them +that you had been in Philadelphia and that she was so delighted +to see you.</p> + +<p>Leslie Irving told me that he had seen a letter in the +Commercial Advertiser from Thomas Turner [subsequently +Rear Admiral Turner, U.S.N.] to Hamilton Fish. +He thought of sending it to you, but he thought some one +else had probably done so. I hear that they [the Fishes] +are to have a party. The Bankheads [General James +Bankhead's daughters] are going to spend the summer at +West Point. Pa and Jim are better. Pa rode out yesterday +and walked out to-day. He has been in a great +state of excitement about General Scott. It was reported +two days ago that he was killed and he was afraid it was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_187" id="Page_187">[187]</a></span> +true. Vera Cruz, I believe, is taken. I cannot write any +longer, I'm so tired. I will send Cornelia's [Cornelia +Scott] purse by H. Forbes [Harriet Forbes, Mrs. Colhoun +of Philadelphia].</p> + +<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">M. Campbell.</span></p> + +<p>Saturday April 10th.</p> + +<p>Pa thinks it is time for you to come home. Do you +know of any opportunity? I shall not send anything to +you. You see you never will take my advice in anything. +I told you to bring your pink dress with you but you +would not. I suppose I shall not hear from you again. +Pa says you can do as you please about staying longer.</p></div> + +<p>Elizabeth, New Jersey, was a quaint old town whose inhabitants +seemed almost exclusively made up of Barbers, +Ogdens and Chetwoods, with a sprinkling of De Harts. +There was a steamboat plying between Elizabethport +(now a part of the City of Elizabeth) and New York, +and we were its frequent patrons. Ursino, the country +seat of the Kean family, then as now was one of the historic +places of the neighborhood. As I remember the +beautiful old home, it was occupied by John Kean, father +of the late senior U.S. Senator from New Jersey. At +an earlier period the latter's great-grandfather had married +Susan Livingston, a daughter of Peter Van Brough +Livingston of New York, and resided at Ursino. After +the death of her husband she married Count Julian +Niemcewicz, who was called the "Shakespeare of Poland" +and who came to America with Kosciusco, upon whose +staff he had served. She was also the grandmother of +Mrs. Hamilton Fish. Another noted estate in the same general +neighborhood, was "Abyssinia," owned and occupied +for a long period by the Ricketts family, whose walls were +highly decorated by one of its artistic members. I am informed +that it still stands but that it is used, alas, for +mechanical purposes!</p> + +<p>I recall with intense pleasure another of my visits to +New Jersey when I was a guest at the home of General +and Mrs. Scott in Elizabeth. Isabella Cass of Detroit,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_188" id="Page_188">[188]</a></span> +daughter of General Lewis Cass, was also there at the +same time. She attended school in Paris while her father +was Minister to France and received other educational advantages +quite unusual for women at that time. While +residing in Washington at a subsequent period she was regarded +as one of the reigning belles. She married a member +of the Diplomatic Corps from the Netherlands and +lived and died abroad. A constant visitor of the Scott +family whom I recall with great pleasure was Thomas +Turner, subsequently an Admiral in our Navy. He was +a Virginian by birth and a near relative of General Robert +E. Lee; but, though possessing the blood of the Carters, +he remained during the Civil War loyal to the national +flag. His wife was Frances Hailes Palmer of "Abyssinia."</p> + +<p>Still another guest of the Scotts in Elizabeth was the +erratic but decidedly brilliant Doctor William Starbuck +Mayo. Although Mrs. Scott was a Mayo, they were not +related. He was from the northern part of the State of +New York, while Mrs. Scott, as is well known, was from +Virginia. Doctor Mayo, however, was an ardent admirer +of Mrs. Scott and made the fact apparent in much that +he said and did. He was the author of several works, +one of which was a romance entitled "Kaloolah," which +he dedicated to Mrs. Scott. When I met him in Washington +he was on his first bridal tour, although pretty well +advanced in years. His bride was Mrs. Henry Dudley of +New York, whose maiden name was Helen Stuyvesant. +She was the daughter of Nicholas William Stuyvesant and +one of the heirs of the large estate of Peter G. Stuyvesant. +During Van Buren's administration, Doctor Mayo was a +social light in Washington.</p> + +<p>There was another Dr. Mayo—Robert Mayo of Richmond—who, +in some respects, created a temporary commotion +in public life in Washington and elsewhere. He +was a Virginian by birth, and at one time figured prominently +as a politician. He engaged in the presidential<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_189" id="Page_189">[189]</a></span> +campaign of 1828 as an ardent partisan of General Jackson +and during that period edited in Richmond the +<i>Jackson Democrat</i>. He subsequently, however, parted +company with his presidential idol, and in 1839 published +a volume entitled, "Political Sketches of Eight +Years in Washington," which is almost exclusively devoted +to an arraignment of General Jackson's administration. +In an original letter now before me, written by +Martin Van Buren to Governor William C. Bouck, of +New York, which has never before appeared in print, he +speaks in an amusing manner of Dr. Mayo. I insert the +whole letter, as his allusions to General Jackson are of +exceptional interest. No one can well deny that the parting +admonition of Polonius to his son Laertes is a masterpiece +of human wisdom, but this letter of the "Sage of +Lindenwald" to Governor Bouck reveals ability by no +means inferior to that of this wise councilor of Denmark.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'>[<span class='smcap'>ex-president van buren to gov. william c. bouck of n.y.</span>]</p> + +<p class='center'>Confidential.</p> + +<p class='right'>Lindenwald, <br /> +Jan<sup>y</sup>. 17th 1843.</p> + +<p>My dear Sir,</p> + +<p>I embrace the occasion of a short visit of my son Major +Van Buren to Albany before he goes South to drop you a +few lines. Although I have not admitted it in my conversations +with those who are given to croaking, and thus +alarm our friends, I have nevertheless witnessed with the +keenest regret the distractions among our friends at Albany; +& more particularly in relation to the state printing. +It is certainly a lamentable winding up of a great +contest admirably conducted &, as we supposed, gloriously +terminated. Without undertaking to decide who is +right or who is wrong, and much less to take any part in +the unfortunate controversy, I cannot but experience great +pain from the eying of so bitter a controversy in the face +of the enemy among those who once acted together so honorably +& so usefully, and for all of whom I have so much<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_190" id="Page_190">[190]</a></span> +reason to cherish feelings of respect & regard. Permit +me to make one suggestion, & that relates to the importance +of a speedy decision, one way or the other. Nothing +is so injurious in such cases as delay. It is almost +better to decide wrong than to protract the contest. Every +day makes new enemies & increases the animosities of +those who have already become so, & extends them to +other subjects; and yet nothing is so natural as to desire +to put off the decision of controversies among friends. +Most happy would I be to find that you had been able to +mitigate, if not altogether to obviate, existing difficulties +by providing places for one or more of the competitors in +other branches of the public service to which they are +adapted & with which they would be as well satisfied.</p> + +<p>It has afforded me unfeigned satisfaction to learn, as +I do from all quarters, that you keep your own secrets in +regard to appointments, & don't feed every body with +promises or what they construe into promises—a practice +which so many public men are apt to fall into, & by which +they make themselves more trouble & subject themselves +to more discredit than they dream of. Persevere in that +course, consider carefully every case & make the selection +which your own unbiassed judgment designates as the +best, & above all let the people see as clear as day that you +do not yield yourself to, or make battle against, any cliques +or sections of the party, but act in good faith and to the +best of your ability for the good of the whole, and you +may be assured that the personal discontents which you +would to some extent occasion, if you had the wisdom of +Solomon & were pure as an angel, will do you no harm & +be exceedingly evanescent in their duration. The Democratic +is a reasonable & a just party & more than half of +the business is done when they are satisfied that the man +they have elected means to do right. The difficulty with +a new administration is in the beginning. At the start +little matters may create a distrust which it will take a +series of good acts to remove. But once a favourable impression +is made & the people become satisfied that the +right thing is intended, it takes great errors, often re<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_191" id="Page_191">[191]</a></span>peated, +to create a counter current. Will you excuse me +if, from a sincere desire for your success, I go farther & +touch upon matters not political, or at least not wholly +so? Your situation of course excites envy & jealousy on +the part of some. It is impossible from the character of +man that it should be otherwise, bear yourself ever so +meekly & you cannot avoid it. There will therefore in +Albany, as well as elsewhere, be people who will make ill +natured remarks & there will be still more who will make +it their business, in the hope of benefitting themselves, to +bring you exaggerated accounts of what is said, and if +they lack materials they will tell you, if they find that you +like to listen to small things, a great deal that never has +been said. It is my deliberate opinion that these mischievous +gossips cause public men more vexation, yes, ten +fold, than all the cares & anxieties of office taken together. +I have seen perhaps as much of this as any man of my +age, & claim to be a competent judge of the evil & its +remedies. The greatest fault I ever saw in our excellent +friend Gen<sup>l</sup>. Jackson, was the facility with which (in carrying +out his general principle that it was the duty +of the President to hear all) he leant his ear, though not +his confidence, to such people. Though very sagacious & +very apt to put the right construction upon all such revelations, +it was still evident that he was every day more or +less annoyed by them. I endeavored to satisfy him of the +expediency of shutting their mouths, but did not succeed, +& I am as sure as I can be of any such thing that if the +truth could be known it would appear that he had experienced +more annoyance from such sources than from all +the severe trials through which he had to pass & did pass +with such unfading glory. Having his case before me, I +determined to profit by the experience I had acquired in +so good a school. I had no sooner taken possession of the +White House than I was beset by these harpies. The way +in which I treated the whole crew, with variations of +course according to circumstances, will appear from the +following dialogue in a single case. The celebrated Dr. +Mayo called upon me & in his stuttering & mysterious<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_192" id="Page_192">[192]</a></span> +way commenced by asking when he could have a few minutes +very private conversation with me. Knowing the +man, I anticipated his business & told him now, I will +hear you now. He then told me he had discovered a conspiracy +to destroy me politically the particulars of which +he felt it to be his duty to lay before [me]. I replied instantly, +& somewhat sternly, Dr., I do not wish to hear +them. I have irrefragable proof, he replied. I don't +care, was the response. It is in writing, Sir, said he. I +won't look at it, Sir. What, said he, don't you want to +see it if it is in writing & genuine? An emphatic No, +Sir, closed the conversation. The Dr. raised his eyes and +hands as if he thought me demented, & making a low bow +& ejaculating a long Hah-hah retreated for the door. The +story about the Dr. got out and, partly by mine & I believe +in part also by his means, & alarmed all the story +tellers who heard of it. A few repetitions of the same +dose to others impressed the whole crew with a conviction +that nothing was to be gained by bringing such reports to +me. The consequence was that although Washington is +perhaps the most gossiping place in the world, I escaped +its contamination altogether, and had no trouble except +such as unavoidably grew out of my public duties; and +although I had perhaps a more vexatious time than any +of my predecessors in that respect I was the only man, they +all say, who grew fat in that office.</p> + +<p>I was happy to learn from my son John by a letter received +yesterday the high opinion he entertains of your +discreet & honorable bearing in the midst of the difficulties +by which you are beset. I hope he & Smith, [another +son of Martin Van Buren], exercise the discretion by +which their course has heretofore been governed, in meddling +as little with things political that do not belong to +them as possible. They know that such is my wish, as +any contest there must necessarily be more or less between +my friends; and I shall be obliged to you to give them +from time to time such advice upon the subject as you +may think proper. Be assured that they will take it in +good part. You may, if you please, at your convenience,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_193" id="Page_193">[193]</a></span> +return me the suggestions I sent you, as I may have occasion +to weave some parts of them into letters that I am +frequently obliged to write; the rough draft was made +with a pencil & is now illegible. Be assured that your not +using them occasioned me no mortification, as I before told +you it would not. You had a nearer & could take a safer +view of things than myself. Don't trouble yourself to answer +this letter as it requires none; only excuse me for +writing you one so unmercifully long.</p> + +<p>Remember me kindly to Mrs. Bouck, & believe me to +be</p> + +<p class='indent3'>Very sincerely your friend,</p> + +<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">M. Van Buren</span>.</p> + +<p>His Excellency,<br /> + Wm. C. Bouck.</p> +</div> + +<p>In 1850 General and Mrs. Scott moved to Washington +and Hampton was closed for many years. They +lived in one of the houses built by Count De Menou, +French Minister to this country from 1822 to 1824, on H +Street, between Thirteenth and Fourteenth Streets, on +the present site of the Epiphany Parish House. These +residences were commonly called the "chain buildings," +owing to the fact that their fences were made almost entirely +of iron chains. Two of them, thrown into one, +were occupied by the Scotts and were owned by my +father-in-law, Samuel L. Gouverneur, senior. In the +third, the property of Mrs. Beverly Kennon, lived the +venerable Mrs. Alexander Hamilton and her only daughter, +Mrs. Hamilton Holly.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_194" id="Page_194">[194]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER IX</h2> + +<h3>SOCIAL LEADERS IN WASHINGTON LIFE</h3> + + +<p>I passed many delightful hours in the Washington +home of General Scott and had a standing invitation +to come and go as I pleased. Upon his return from +the war with Mexico, crowned with the laurels of victory, +he immediately became one of the most prominent lions +of the day. He had successfully invaded a practically +unknown country reeking with the terrible <i>vomito</i>, a +disease upon which the Mexicans relied to kill their foes +more expeditiously than ammunition, and had well +earned for himself the plaudits of a grateful country. I +distinctly remember that he received flattering letters +from the Duke of Wellington and other distinguished foreigners +congratulating him upon his military success. +His headquarters were now established in Washington, +and his house became one of the most prominent social +centers of the National Capital. About this time Mrs. +Scott was much in New York, where her third daughter, +Marcella, subsequently Mrs. Charles Carroll McTavish, was +attending school, and consequently her daughter Cornelia, +who not long before had married her father's aide, Henry +Lee Scott of North Carolina, was virtually mistress of the +establishment. Mrs. Henry Lee Scott's social sway in +Washington was almost unprecedented. She was as grand +in appearance as she was in character, and during one of +her visits to Rome she sat for a distinguished artist as a +model for his pictures of the Madonna. General Scott +seemed to derive much pleasure and satisfaction from the +society of his former companions in arms, who were al<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_195" id="Page_195">[195]</a></span>ways +welcomed to his hospitable board. Among those I +especially recall were Colonels John Abert, Roger Jones, +William Turnbull and Ichabod B. Crane, whose son, Dr. +Charles H. Crane, later became Surgeon General of the +Army. These occasions were especially delightful to me +as a young woman, and I always regarded it as an exceptional +privilege to be present.</p> + +<p>The Whig party meanwhile nominated General Scott +for the presidency. The opposing candidate was Franklin +Pierce. One day during the campaign Scott, in replying +to a note addressed to him by William L. Marcy, Secretary +of War in Polk's cabinet, began his note: "After a +hasty plate of soup"—supposing that his note would be +regarded as personal. Marcy, who was a keen political +foe, was too astute a politician, however, not to take advantage +of the chance to make Scott appear ridiculous. +He classified the note as official, and the whole country +soon resounded with it. I saw General Scott when he returned +from his Mexican campaign, covered with glory, +to confront his political enemies at home, and I was also +with him in 1852 when the announcement arrived that he +had been defeated as a presidential candidate. Were I +called upon to decide in which character he appeared to +the greater advantage, that of the victor or the vanquished, +I should unhesitatingly give my verdict to the latter. +There was a grandeur in his bearing under the adverse circumstances +with which the success and glamour of arms +could not compare.</p> + +<p>The Rev. Dr. Smith Pyne, the beloved rector of St. John's +Episcopal Church, often mingled with the distinguished +guests gathered at the residence of General Scott. He +was full of life and fun and good cheer and would even +dare, when occasion offered, to aim his jokes and puns at +General Scott himself. At one of the General's dinners, +for example, while the soup was being served, he addressed +him as "Marshal <i>Turenne</i>." It is said that upon one<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_196" id="Page_196">[196]</a></span> +occasion, when the good rector failed by polite efforts to +dismiss a book-agent, he was regretfully compelled to order +him from his house. "Your cloth protects you," said the +offended agent. "The cloth protects <i>you</i>," replied Dr. +Pyne, "and it will not protect you long if you do not +leave this instant." In spite of this incident, it was well +known that the Doctor had a tender and sympathetic +nature. After he had officiated at the funerals of +his parishioners it is said that his wife was frequently +compelled to exert all her efforts to arouse him from his +depression. About this same period, Ole Bull, the great +Norwegian violinist who was second only to Paganini, +was receiving an enthusiastic reception from audiences +"panting for the music which is divine." Upon this particular +evening Dr. Pyne sat next to me, when he suddenly +exclaimed: "If honorary degrees were conferred upon +musicians, Ole Bull would be Fiddle D.D." At another +time, when Dr. Edward Maynard, a well-known Washington +dentist, was remodeling his residence on Pennsylvania +Avenue, now a portion of the Columbia Hospital, Dr. Pyne +was asked to what order of architecture it belonged and replied: +"<i>Tusk-can</i>, I suppose,"—a pretty poor pun, but no +worse, perhaps, than most of those one hears nowadays. +The Rev. Dr. Pyne performed the marriage ceremony, at +the "chain buildings," of General Scott's second daughter, +Adeline Camilla, and Goold Hoyt of New York. It was a +quiet wedding and only the members of the family were +present. I remember the bride as one of the most beautiful +women I have ever known; her face reminded me of +a Roman cameo.</p> + +<p>General Scott was something of an epicure. I have +seen him sit down to a meal where jowl was the principal +dish, and have heard his exclamation of appreciation +caused in part, possibly, by his recollection of similar +fare in other days in Virginia. He did the family +marketing personally, and was very discriminating in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_197" id="Page_197">[197]</a></span> +his selection of food. Terrapin, which he insisted upon +pronouncing t<i>a</i>rrapin, was his favorite dish, and he would +order oysters by the barrel from Norfolk. On one occasion +he attended a banquet where all the States of the +Union were represented by a dish in some way characteristic +of each commonwealth. Pennsylvania was represented +by a bowl of sauer-kraut; and in speaking of the +fact the next morning the General remarked: "I partook +of it with tears in my eyes."</p> + +<p>New Year's day in Washington was a festive occasion, +especially in the home where I was a guest. General and +Mrs. Scott kept open house and of course most of the +Army officers stationed in Washington, and some from the +Navy, called to pay their respects. All appeared in full-dress +uniform, and a bountiful collation was served. I +was present at several of these receptions and recall that +after the festivities of the day were nearly over General +Scott, who of course had paid his respects to the President +earlier in the day, always called upon two venerable women—Mrs. +"Dolly" Madison, who then lived in the house +now occupied by the Cosmos Club, and Mrs. Alexander +Hamilton, his next door neighbor. During the +winter of 1850, which I spent with the Scotts, I participated +with them in the various social enjoyments of +the season.</p> + +<p>Early in the month of January, 1851, and not long +after the re-assembling of Congress, that genial gentleman, +William W. Corcoran, gave his annual ball to both Houses +of Congress, and it was in many ways a notable entertainment. +As this was long previous to the erection of his +public art gallery, his house was filled with many paintings +and pieces of statuary. Powers's "Greek slave," +which now occupies a conspicuous place in the Corcoran +Art Gallery, stood in the drawing-room. General Scott did +not care especially for large evening entertainments, but +he always attended those of Mr. Corcoran. In this in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_198" id="Page_198">[198]</a></span>stance +I was the only member of the household who accompanied +him, and the ovation that awaited his arrival +was enthusiastic; and as I entered the ballroom with him I +received my full share of attention. Among the prominent +guests was General "Sam" Houston, arrayed in his blue +coat, brass buttons and ruffled shirt. His appearance was +patrician and his courtesy that of the inborn gentleman. +I once laughingly remarked to General Scott that General +Houston in some ways always recalled to me the personal +appearance of General Washington. His facetious rejoinder +was: "Was ever the Father of his Country so +defamed?" I met at this entertainment for the first +time Charles Sumner, who had but recently taken his seat +in the U.S. Senate and of whom I shall speak hereafter. +Caleb Cushing was also there, and Cornelia Marcy, the +beautiful daughter of William L. Marcy, was one of the +belles of the ball. I have stated that General Scott did +not generally attend evening entertainments; in his own +way, however, he took great interest in all social events, +and upon my return from parties, sometimes at a very +late hour, I have often found him awaiting my account +of what had transpired.</p> + +<p>I have spoken of General Houston's appearance. I +now wish to refer to his fine sense of honor. He was married +on the 22d of January, 1829, to Miss Eliza Allen, +daughter of Colonel John Allen, from near Gallatin, the +county town of Sumner county in Tennessee, and separated +from her directly after the marriage ceremony +under, as is said, the most painful circumstances. The +wedding guests had departed and General Houston and +his bride were sitting alone by the fire, when he suddenly +discovered that she was weeping. He asked the cause of +her tears and was told by her that she had never loved +him and never could, but had married him solely to please +her father. "I love Doctor Douglas," she added, "but I +will try my best and be a dutiful wife to you." "Miss,"<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_199" id="Page_199">[199]</a></span> +said Governor Houston, even waiving the fact that he had +just married her, "no white woman shall be my slave; +good-night." It is said that he mounted his horse and +rode to Nashville where he resigned at once his office as +Governor and departed for the Cherokee country, where +and elsewhere his subsequent career is well known. Having +procured a divorce from his wife, he married Margaret +Moffette in the spring of 1840.</p> + +<p>During the same winter I attended a party given by +Mrs. Clement C. Hill, as a "house-warming," at her residence +on H Street. Many years later George Bancroft, +the historian, occupied this residence and it is still called +the "Bancroft house." Mr. Hill was a member of a +prominent Maryland family which owned large estates in +Prince George County, and his wife was recognized as one +of the social leaders in Washington.</p> + +<p>Another ball which I recall, which I attended in company +with the Scotts, was given by Colonel and Mrs. William +G. Freeman at their residence on F Street, near Thirteenth +Street, the former of whom was at one time Chief +of Staff to General Scott. I well remember that General +Scott accompanied his daughter and me and that he wore +at the time the full-dress uniform of his high rank. As +he measured six feet four in his stocking-feet, the imposing +nature of his appearance cannot well be described. +Mrs. Freeman, whose maiden name was Margaret Coleman, +was one of the joint owners of the Cornwall coal +mines in Pennsylvania. Her sister, Miss Sarah Coleman, +shared her house for many years, and old Washingtonians +remember her as the "Lady Bountiful" whose whole life +was devoted to good works. Colonel and Mrs. Freeman's +two daughters, Miss Isabel Freeman and Mrs. Benjamin +F. Buckingham, still reside in Washington.</p> + +<p>The first guest whom I recall at this ball was the +sprightly Mary Louisa Adams. She made her home with +her grandfather, John Quincy Adams, who lived in one of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_200" id="Page_200">[200]</a></span> +the two white houses on F Street, between Thirteenth and +Fourteenth Streets, now called the "Adams house." She +was the venerable ex-President's principal heir, and subsequently +married her relative, William Clarkson Johnson +of Utica. George B. McClellan was also a guest at this +entertainment as one of the young beaux. His presence +made an indelible impression upon my memory as I was +dancing a cotillion with him when, to my nervous horror, +the pictures in the ballroom began to spin and I made myself +conspicuous by nearly fainting. I did not, however, +lose consciousness like the heroines of the old tragedies, +and was conducted to a retired seat where, at the request +of General Scott, I was attended by Dr. Richard Henry +Coolidge, Surgeon in the Army, who was also a guest. +General Scott's admiration for this distinguished gentleman, +personally as well as professionally, was very great. +I have often heard the General say that Dr. Coolidge not +only prescribed for the physical condition of his patients +but also by the example of his Christian character elevated +their moral tone. He concluded his eulogy with the +words: "Dr. Coolidge walks humbly before his God." +His widow, Mrs. Harriet Morris Coolidge, daughter of +Commodore Charles Morris, U.S.N., one of the distinguished +heroes of the War of 1812, is still living in Washington. +I occasionally see her in her pleasant home on L +Street where she welcomes a large circle of friends, giving +one amid her pleasant surroundings a pleasing picture +of a serene old age.</p> + +<p>During my many visits to the Scott household after the +Mexican War, I always occupied a comfortable brass camp +bedstead which had formerly belonged to the Mexican +General, Santa Anna. It seems that just after the battle +of Cerro Gordo this warrior made a hasty flight, leaving +behind him his camp furniture and even, it is said, his +wooden leg. This bedstead was captured as a trophy of +war, and finally came into General Scott's possession.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_201" id="Page_201">[201]</a></span> +The memory of this man's brutal deeds, however, never +disturbed my midnight repose. Texas history tells the +story of the Alamo and of the six brave men there put to +death by his orders, suggesting in a certain degree the +atrocities of the Duke of Cumberland of which I have already +spoken. Santa Anna, however, had Indian blood +in his veins—an extenuating circumstance that cannot be +offered in defense of the "Butcher of Culloden."</p> + +<p>There was always more or less gossip afloat concerning +the alleged strained relations existing between General +and Mrs. Scott, owing largely to the fact that the conditions +attending and surrounding their respective lives were +fundamentally different and often misunderstood. General +Scott was a born commander while <i>Madame la Général</i> +from her earliest life had had the world at her feet. +Such a combination naturally resulted in an occasional +discordant note, which unfortunately was usually sounded +in public. Their private life, however, was serene, and +they were invariably loyal to each other's interests. +When Mrs. Scott, for example, learned that James +Lyon of Richmond, an intimate friend of the General and +herself and a trustee for certain of her property, had, although +a Whig, voted against her husband when a presidential +candidate, she at once revoked his trusteeship. At +another time she wrote some attractive lines which she +feelingly dedicated to her husband.</p> + +<p>I recall an amusing incident related by General Scott +just after a journey to Virginia that well illustrates the +exigencies that awaited persons traveling in those days in +carriages. For a brief period before the inauguration of +President Harrison, General Scott was in Richmond, and +in due time, as he thought, started for the station to catch +a train for Washington to be present when the President-elect +should take his oath of office. He missed the train, +however, and immediately secured a carriage to convey him +to Washington, as his presence there was imperative; but<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_202" id="Page_202">[202]</a></span> +after a hard day's journey the horses could go no further, +and he was obliged to seek shelter for the night. Stopping +at a house near the roadside and inquiring whether +he could be accommodated, he was told that there was but +one vacant room and that it had been engaged some days +in advance by a German butcher, accompanied by his +wife and daughter. This party meanwhile arrived and +upon being informed of General Scott's predicament generously +offered to share the room with him. It was arranged +that the women should occupy one of the beds +and General Scott and the butcher the other. The +women, after retiring early, gave the signal, "All +right," when the men took possession of the second bed. +After some pretty fast traveling the next morning, General +Scott reached his destination. While he was relating +this laughable experience to us some years later, I +inquired whether he had enjoyed a comfortable rest. +"No," was his emphatic response, "the butcher snored +the whole night." During this visit to Richmond, General +Scott was invited by an old friend to accompany her +and her two sisters to a Roman Catholic church to hear +some fine music. Upon arriving at the door they were +met by the sexton, who, somewhat flurried by seeing General +Scott, announced in stentorian tones the advent of +the strangers—"three cheers (chairs) for the Protestant +ladies."</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 294px;"><a name="img6" id="img6"></a> +<a href="images/img06.jpg"><img src="images/img06th.jpg" width="294" height="400" alt="Brigadier General Winfield Scott, U.S.A., by Ingham. +The original portrait was burned many years ago." title="" /></a> +<span class="caption">Brigadier General Winfield Scott, U.S.A., by Ingham.<br /></span> +<span class='caption2'><i>The original portrait was burned many years ago.</i></span> +</div> + +<p>While I am relating Scott anecdotes, I must not +omit to speak of an amusing experience the old General +was fond of relating which occurred while he was +traveling in the West. In his official capacity he was a +sojourner for a short period in Cincinnati, and, upon leaving +that now prosperous city, he directed that P.P.C. +cards be sent to all persons who had called upon him. It +seems that the social <i>convenances</i> had not yet dawned upon +this city, now the abode of arts and sciences, as the town +wiseacre, learned in many things as well as social lore, was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_203" id="Page_203">[203]</a></span> +called upon for an elucidation of the three mysterious letters. +Apparently he was not as able an exponent as was +Daniel at Balshazzar's feast, who so readily deciphered +"the handwriting on the wall." He construed the letters +to signify <i>pour prendre café</i>, an invitation which was +gladly accepted, much to General Scott's astonishment, +who decided then and there to confine himself in future to +plain English.</p> + +<p>The charming old resident society predominated in those +days in the District of Columbia, and wealth was not a +controlling influence in social life. The condition of society +was, therefore, different from that of to-day, when +apparently the</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">... strongest castle, tower or town,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The golden bullet beateth down.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>The old Washingtonians are now sometimes designated as +"cave dwellers," and, generally speaking, the public bows +to the golden calf. The term "old Washingtonians," as +now used, applies to residents descended from the original +settlers of Maryland and Virginia, as well as to Presidential +families and the representatives of Army and +Navy officers of earlier days. Their social code is, in some +respects, entirely different and distinct from that of any +other city, and was formed many decades ago by the ancestors +of the "cave dwellers," who were so peculiarly +versed in the varied requirements and adornments of +social life that to-day no radical innovations are acceptable +to their descendants.</p> + +<p>Speaking of the Army and Navy, I am reminded of an +amusing anecdote which has been generally circulated regarding +the wife of a wealthy manufacturer from a small +western town who, after building a handsome home in the +heart of a fashionable section of the city, announced that +her visiting list was growing so large that she must in +some way reduce it and that she had decided to "draw it"<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_204" id="Page_204">[204]</a></span> +on the Army and Navy. It seems almost needless to say +that this remark created much unfavorable comment, as +Washington is especially proud of the Army and Navy +officers she has nurtured.</p> + +<p>Among the families who were socially prominent at the +National Capital when I first knew it, were the Seatons, +Gales, Lees, Freemans, Carrolls, Turnbulls, Hagners, Tayloes, +Ramsays, Millers, Hills, Gouverneurs, Maynadiers, +Grahams, Woodhulls, Jesups, Watsons, Nicholsons, Warringtons, +Aberts, Worthingtons, Randolphs, Wilkes, Wainwrights, +Roger Jones, Pearsons, McBlairs, Farleys, Cutts, +Walter Jones, Porters, Emorys, Woodburys, Dickens, +Pleasantons, McCauleys, and Mays.</p> + +<p>I often recall with pleasure the days spent by me at +Brentwood, a fine old country seat near Washington, and +picture to my mind those forms of "life and light" arrayed +in the charms of simplicity which were there portrayed. +The far West had not then poured its coffers into +the National Capital, and the mining element of California +was then unknown. It is true that Washington, with its +unpaved streets and poorly lighted thoroughfares, was +then in a primitive condition, but it is just as true that its +social tone has never been surpassed. Brentwood was the +residence of Mrs. Joseph Pearson, who dispensed its hospitalities +with ease and elegance. For many years it was +a social <i>El Dorado</i>, where resident society and distinguished +strangers were always welcome. Although it was +then remote from the heart of the city, most of its numerous +visitors were inclined to linger, once within its walls, +to enjoy the charmed circle which surrounded the Pearson +family. Both the daughters of this house, Eliza, who married +Carlisle P. Patterson, Superintendent of the U.S. +Coast Survey, and Josephine, who became the wife of +Peter Augustus Jay of New York, were Washington beauties. +Their social arena, however, was not confined to this +city, as they made frequent visits to New York, where they<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_205" id="Page_205">[205]</a></span> +were regarded as great belles. Christine Kean, an old +friend of mine who was a younger sister of Mrs. Hamilton +Fish, both of whom were daughters of Peter Philip James +Kean of New Jersey, was intimate with the "Pearson +girls," and made frequent visits to Brentwood, where she +shared in their social reign. Christine Kean married William +Preston Griffin, a naval officer from Virginia, who +survived their marriage for only a few years. I was accustomed +to call her "sunshine" as she carried joy and +gladness to every threshold she crossed. She was superintendent +of nurses in the sanitary corps during the Civil +War, and as such rendered conspicuous service in the +State of Virginia. She still resides in New York, admired +and beloved by a large circle of friends, and those charming +traits of character which have always made her so +universally beloved are now hallowing the declining years +of her life.</p> + +<p>I often met Joseph C. G. Kennedy at General Scott's, +usually called "Census" Kennedy. One day we were +shocked to learn that Solon Borland, U.S. Senator from +Arkansas, standing high in political circles but called by +General Scott "a western ruffian," had assaulted Mr. +Kennedy and broken his nose. I knew both Mr. and Mrs. +Kennedy in after life. He was a gentleman of the old +school, beloved and respected by everyone. His death in +1887 was a shocking tragedy. A lunatic with a fancied +grievance met him on the corner of Pennsylvania Avenue +and Fifteenth Street, and stabbed him. Mr. Kennedy +was a grandson of Andrew Ellicott, who, his descendants +claim, conceived the original plans of the city of Washington +instead of Pierre Charles l'Enfant, to whom they are +generally attributed.</p> + +<p>While visiting in Washington I had the pleasure of renewing +my acquaintance with Isaac Hull Adams of the +Coast Survey. He was a bachelor, and his sister, Miss +Elizabeth Combs Adams, always lived with him. They<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_206" id="Page_206">[206]</a></span> +were children of Judge Thomas Boylston Adams, a son of +President John Adams, and resided in the old Adams +homestead in Quincy, Massachusetts. I had originally +known both of them in earlier life in New York, and it +was a sincere pleasure to meet them again. Miss Adams +was a generous and broad-minded woman who inherited +the intellectuality of her ancestors. Her reminiscences of +the White House during the Monroe administration, when +her uncle, John Quincy Adams, was Secretary of State, +were of the deepest interest. She also loved to dwell upon +the days of the administration which followed, when she +was a constant visitor at the White House as the guest of +her uncle, the President. I called upon her a few years +ago in Quincy, while I was visiting in Boston, and found +her living quietly in the old home, surrounded by her +many household gods. She died soon after I saw her, but +the memory of her friendship is enduring.</p> + +<p>Before making my visit to Quincy I wrote to Miss +Adams asking her whether she was equal to seeing me. +She was then nearly ninety-two years old, having been +born on the 9th of February, 1808. In a few days I received +the following letter from her own pen:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p class='right'><span class="smcap">21 Elm Street, Quincy, Mass.</span>, November 16, 1899.</p> + +<p>My dear Mrs. Gouverneur:</p> + +<p>I was very glad to receive your note saying that you +would come to see us in a few days. I am a very poor +writer, not holding the old pen of the "ready writer," and +my brother Isaac Hull is a great invalid and not able to +get about, so lame.</p> + +<p>I began two or three notes to you but my fingers are so +stiff I do not hold the pen, but wish to tell you that we +shall be glad to see you. We are both tired of being invalids. +We do not forget good old times far back in the +century. The steam cars leave Boston at the South Station. +I think I sent you a letter yesterday, but if you +fail to get it, I shall be very sorry.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_207" id="Page_207">[207]</a></span></p> + +<p>I have so many letters to write and can but just keep +the pen going. It is a lovely day, but I never go out now +and Isaac Hull is suffering all sorts of pains. Comes down +when he can. Sorry to send such a poor sample. I have +not been at Jamaica Plain for two years.</p> + +<p>We live in the oldest house and are the oldest couple in +"all Connecticut," as Hull used to sing.</p> + +<p class='indent3'>Very truly yours,</p> + +<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">E. C. Adams</span>.</p> + +<p>As I say, the very oldest and the head of five generations. +I am so forgetful.</p></div> + +<p>"Hull" Adams, as he was generally called, had a fine +tenor voice and I have frequently heard him sing in duet +with Archibald Campbell, who sang bass. Adams and +Campbell were lifelong friends and were fellow students +at West Point. The latter was graduated from West +Point in 1835 and resigned from the Army in 1838. He +subsequently became a civil engineer and was a Commissioner +to establish the boundaries between the United +States and Canada. His wife was Miss Mary Williamson +Harod of New Orleans, and a niece of Judge Thomas +B. Adams. Her father, Charles Harod, who was president +of the Atchafalaya Bank of New Orleans, was an +aide-de-camp to General Jackson at the battle of New Orleans +and, with Commodore Daniel T. Patterson in command +of our naval forces, met and arranged with the +pirate Jean Lafitte to bring in his men to fight on the +American side. Mr. and Mrs. Campbell were lifelong +residents of the District, where she is especially remembered +for her many pleasing traits. Their son, Charles +H. Campbell, still resides in Washington and married a +daughter of the late Admiral David D. Porter, U.S.N. +For many years, the Archibald Campbells lived on H +Street in a house which is now a portion of The Milton.</p> + +<p>I remember when Commander Matthew F. Maury, +U.S.N., the distinguished author of "The Geography of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_208" id="Page_208">[208]</a></span> +the Sea," was stationed in the old Naval Observatory and +preparing those charts of the ocean which so gladdened +the hearts of mariners, quite unconscious meanwhile +of the sensational career which awaited him. He and +Mrs. Maury resided in Washington and, aided by their +daughters, dispensed a lavish hospitality. A few years +later, however, when Virginia seceded from the Union, +Maury resigned from the Navy and linked his destiny +with his native State. I learned much of his subsequent +career from General John Bankhead Magruder, a distant +relative of my husband, who also resigned from the service +and espoused the Southern cause. At the time of +General Lee's surrender, Maury was in England and the +following May sailed for St. Thomas, where he heard of +Lincoln's assassination. He then went to Havana, whence +he sent his son to Virginia, and took passage for Mexico. +He had approved of the efforts of the Archduke Maximilian +to establish his empire in America and had already +written him a letter expressive of his sympathy. Without +waiting, however, for a reply he followed his letter, +and upon his arrival in Mexico in June was warmly welcomed +by Maximilian, by whom he was asked to accept a +place in his Ministry; but the flattering offer was declined +and in its place he received an appointment as Director of +the Imperial Observatory. It seems superfluous to add +what everyone knows, or ought to know, that Maury was +a Christian gentleman of rare accomplishments and one +of the most proficient scientists of his day.</p> + +<p>General Magruder was with Maury when they learned +of Lincoln's assassination, and accompanied him to Mexico, +where he served as Major General in Maximilian's army +until the downfall of the usurping Emperor. In referring +to his experiences in Mexico he dwelt with much emphasis +upon the Empress Carlota and her interesting personality. +He described her as especially kind and sympathetic +and as treating Maury and himself with distin<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_209" id="Page_209">[209]</a></span>guished +consideration at her court. This pleasing experience, +however, was not of long duration. A cloud hung +over the Mexican throne and it became apparent that Maximilian's +reign was drawing to a close. Realizing this +state of affairs, Magruder and Maury left Mexico, the +former returning to the United States while the latter +sailed for Europe. The Empress Carlota returned to +Austria, leaving Maximilian to fight alone a hopeless +cause. Louis Napoleon's vision of an European Empire +on American soil soon vanished, and Maximilian's tragic +death and Carlota's subsequent derangement caused a +throb of sympathy which was felt throughout the civilized +world.</p> + +<p>During the Mexican War, General Magruder, though a +good officer and one of the bravest and most chivalrous of +men, never lost sight of his position in the <i>beau monde</i>. +He never went into battle, however pressing the emergency, +without first brushing his hair well, smoothing +his mustache and arranging his toggery after the latest +and most approved style. Often during the rage of +the battle, while the shot were raining around him like +hail and his men and horses and guns were exposed to a +destructive and merciless fire, he would stand up with his +tall, straight figure in full view of the Mexicans and, assuming +the most impressive and fashionable attitudes, +would eye the enemy through his glass with all the coolness +and grace suited to a glance through an opera glass +at a beautiful woman in an opposite box. I have always +heard that he could not be provoked by any circumstances +to commit an impolite or an ungenteel act. But he came +very near forfeiting his reputation in this respect at the +battle of Contreras. Upon being ordered to take a certain +position with his battery, he found himself exposed to a +terrible fire from the enemy's big guns. In the midst of +this hot fire, an aide of one of the generals, from whom Magruder +had not received his order to occupy this position,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_210" id="Page_210">[210]</a></span> +rode up to the gallant officer and told him that he had +orders for him from General ——. "But, my dear fellow," +interrupted the polite Captain, "you must dismount +and take a glass of wine with me; do—I have some excellent +old Madeira." The aide dismounted and the wine +was hastily drunk by the impatient young Lieutenant, who +did not enjoy it very much as there was a constant fire +of grape and canister rattling about them all the +time. But Captain Magruder desired very much to have a +little agreeable chat over his wine, as, he remarked, it +was no use popping away with his diminutive pieces +against the heavy guns of the enemy. "But I am ordered +by General —— to direct you to fall back, abandon your +position, and shelter your pieces," was the impatient response. +"My dear fellow," replied the Captain, "do take +another sip of that wine—it is delicious!" "But you are +ordered by General —— to retire, Captain; and you are +being cut up." "Much obliged to you, my dear friend, +but if you will only make yourself comfortable for a few +minutes, I will get some sardines and crackers." "I must +go," impatiently remarked the Lieutenant, mounting his +horse; "what shall I report to the General?" "Well, my +dear fellow, if you are determined to go, please present my +compliments to General —— and tell him that, owing to +a previous engagement with General ——, I am under +the necessity of informing him that before I leave this +spot I will see him in the neighborhood of a certain gentleman +whose name is not to be mentioned in polite society." +So, at all events, goes the story, and I presume +we may believe as much or as little of it as we please.</p> + +<p>General Magruder, while our guest in our country home +near Frederick, in Maryland, related to me many interesting +incidents connected with Maury's career. The General +seemed to possess an unusual appreciation of the +good things of life and told me with much gusto about the +numerous delicacies with which Mexico abounded. His<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_211" id="Page_211">[211]</a></span> +descriptions served to recall to my mind the fact that when +he was in our regular army he had the reputation of +"faring sumptuously every day." When in command at +Newport, Rhode Island, he gave a ball, during which he +employed the services of some of the soldiers under his +command for domestic purposes, and for this act was +reprimanded by the War Department. After the Civil +War he went to Texas and died in Houston in the winter +of 1871. He was a brave soldier and was twice brevetted +for gallantry and meritorious conduct on the battlefields +of the Mexican War.</p> + +<p>General John B. Magruder and his brother, Captain +George A. Magruder of the Navy, who early in life became +orphans, were brought up by their maternal uncle, +General James Bankhead, U.S.A. General "Jack" Magruder, +as he was usually called, developed rather lively +traits of character, while his younger brother George was +so deeply religious that, during his naval career, his nickname +was "St. George of the Navy." When both young +men had reached manhood, General Bankhead read them +a homily, having special reference, however, to his nephew +"Jack." "I have reared you both with the utmost care +and circumspection," he said, "but you, John, have not +my approval in many ways." Jack's response was characteristic. +"Uncle," he said, "I can account for it in the +following manner—George has followed your precepts, +but I have followed your example." At the outbreak of +the Civil War, Captain Magruder resigned from the Navy +and went with his family to Canada, where his daughter +Helen married James York MacGregor Scarlett, whose +title of nobility was Lord Abinger, his father having been +raised to the peerage as a "lower Lord."</p> + +<p>Another Virginia family of social prominence, whose +members mingled much in Washington society while I +was still visiting the Winfield Scotts, was that of the Masons +of "Colross," the name of their old homestead near<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_212" id="Page_212">[212]</a></span> +Alexandria in Virginia. Mrs. Thomson F. Mason was usually +called Mrs. "Colross" Mason to distinguish her from +another family by the same name, that of James M. Mason, +United States Senator from Virginia. The family thought +nothing of the drive to Washington, and no entertainment +was quite complete without the "Mason girls," +who were especially bright and attractive young women. +Open house was kept at this delightful country seat and +many were the pleasant parties given there. One of the +daughters, Matilda, married Charles H. Rhett, a representative +South Carolinian, and my friend, Cornelia Scott, was +one of her bridesmaids. Florence, another sister, who was +generally called "Folly," married Captain Thomas G. +Rhett of the Army, a brother of her sister's husband. He +resigned at the beginning of the Civil War, as a South +Carolinian would indeed have been a <i>rara avis</i> in the +Federal Army in 1861, and became an officer in the Confederate +Army; while from 1870 to 1873 he was a Colonel +of Ordnance in the Army of the Khedive. Miss Betty +Mason, the oldest of these sisters, was a celebrated beauty +and became the wife of St. George Tucker Campbell of +Philadelphia.</p> + +<p>It was about this time I first made the acquaintance of +Emily Virginia Mason, who recently died in Georgetown +after a long and active life. We were accustomed to have +long conversations over the tea table concerning bygone +days, and I sadly miss her bright presence. Her memories +of a varied life both in Washington and Paris were highly +entertaining and as one of her auditors I never grew +weary while listening to her graphic descriptions of persons +and things. She was a daughter of John T. Mason +and a sister of Stevens Thompson Mason, the first governor +of Michigan, often called the "Boy Governor." She +was very active during the Civil War as a Confederate +nurse and continued her kindly acts thereafter in other +fields of benevolence. She wrote a life of General Robert<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_213" id="Page_213">[213]</a></span> +E. Lee and several other books, and made a compilation +of "Southern Poems of the War," which was subsequently +published under that title.</p> + +<p>One may readily turn from Emily Virginia Mason to her +life-long friend, the daughter of Senator William Wright +of New Jersey. It was during her father's official life in +Washington that Miss Katharine Maria Wright met and +married Baron Johan Cornelis Gevers, <i>Chargé d'affaires</i> +from Holland to the United States. After her marriage +she seldom visited her native country but made her home +in Holland until her death a few years ago. Her son also +entered the diplomatic service of his country and a few +years ago was living in Washington.</p> + +<p>After my father's death we continued as a family to +live in our Houston Street home in New York, but in 1853 +we found the character of the neighborhood, which had +been so pleasant in years gone by, changing so rapidly +that we sold our house and moved to Washington. We +secured a pleasant old-fashioned residence on G Street, +between Seventeenth and Eighteenth Streets, which in subsequent +years became the Weather Bureau. Next door to +us lived Mrs. Graham and her daughter, Mrs. Henry K. +Davenport, the grandmother and mother respectively of +Commodore Richard G. Davenport, U.S.N. Mrs. Graham +was the widow of George Graham, who, for a time during +Monroe's administration, acted as Secretary of War. +While he was serving in this capacity, his brother, John +Graham, was a member of the same cabinet, serving as +Secretary of State. Mrs. Davenport was the mother of a +family of sons known familiarly to the neighborhood as +Tom, Dick and Harry. In the same block lived Mr. +Jefferson Davis, who was then in the Senate from Mississippi. +I remember hearing Mrs. Davis say that it was +worth paying additional rent to live near Mrs. Graham, +as she had such an attractive personality and was such a +kind and attentive neighbor. A few doors the other side<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_214" id="Page_214">[214]</a></span> +of us resided Captain and Mrs. Henry C. Wayne, the +former of whom was in the Army and was the son of +James M. Wayne of Georgia, a Justice of the Supreme +Court; while across the street was the French Legation. +Next door, at the corner of G and Eighteenth Streets, +lived Edward Everett. Mr. and Mrs. Robert D. Wainwright +lived on the next block in a house now occupied +by General and Mrs. A. W. Greely. I attended the wedding +of Miss Henrietta Wainwright, soon after we arrived +in Washington, to William F. Syng of the British Legation. +She was the aunt of Rear-Admiral Richard Wainwright, +U.S.N., who, as Commanding Officer of the +<i>Gloucester</i>, rendered such conspicuous service at the battle +of Santiago. Not far away, on the corner of +Twenty-first and G Streets, lived Lieutenant Maxwell +Woodhull of the Navy and his wife; and their children +still reside in the same house. On F Street, near Twenty-first +Street, was the home of Colonel William Turnbull, +U.S.A., whose wife was a sister of General George Douglas +Ramsay, U.S.A., who was so well known to all old +Washingtonians. General Ramsay was very social in his +tastes, and many years before this time he and Columbus +Monroe were the groomsmen at the wedding at the White +House when John Adams, the son of John Quincy Adams, +married his first cousin, Miss Mary Hellen. General +and Mrs. Ramsay lived on Twenty-first Street, not +far from his sister, Mrs. William Turnbull. Mrs. John +Farley (Anna Pearson), a half-sister of Mrs. Carlisle P. +Patterson, lived on F Street, near Twenty-first Street, +and the latter's sister, Mrs. Peter Augustus Jay (Josephine +Pearson), began her matrimonial life on the northwest +corner of F and Twenty-first Streets.</p> + +<p>William Thomas Carroll's residence on the corner of +Eighteenth and F Streets witnessed a continuous scene of +hospitality. Mrs. Carroll was never happier than when +entertaining. She lived to an advanced age, and until<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_215" id="Page_215">[215]</a></span> +almost the very last, remained standing while receiving +her guests. I have heard that she retained two sets of +servants, one for the daytime and the other for the night. +In her drawing-room hung many portraits of family ancestors +arrayed in the antique dress of olden times. She +was a daughter of Governor Samuel Sprigg of Maryland +and was a handsome and accomplished woman. Her four +daughters, who materially assisted her in dispensing hospitality, +were very popular young women. Violetta Lansdale, +the oldest, married Dr. William Swann Mercer of +the well-known Virginia family; Sally is the present +Countess Esterhazy; Carrie married the late T. Dix Bolles +of the Navy; and Alida is the wife of the late John +Marshall Brown of Portland, Maine. The Carroll house +is still standing and became the residence of the late +Chief Justice Melville Fuller of the U.S. Supreme Court. +I have always heard that the Carroll house, a substantial +structure with large rooms, was built by Tench Ringgold, +who was U.S. Marshal of the District of Columbia +longer than any of his predecessors. He occupied this +position during the whole of President Monroe's administration, +and I have heard it related in the Gouverneur +family that, when Monroe was retiring from office, he asked +his successor, John Quincy Adams, on personal grounds, +to retain Mr. Ringgold. This request was granted and +Mr. Monroe made the same appeal to Andrew Jackson +shortly after the latter's inauguration, and received the +cordial response, "Don't mention it, don't mention it." +On the strength of this interview, Ringgold naturally assumed +he was safe for another term, but, to the surprise +of many, he was succeeded two years later by Henry Ashton, +who retained the office for about three years. "Old +Hickory," as everybody knows, had a mind of his own.</p> + +<p>It was often very pleasant in my new surroundings to +welcome to Washington some of my early New York +friends; and among these none were more gladly received<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_216" id="Page_216">[216]</a></span> +than Frances and Julia Kellogg of Troy. My intimacy +with these sisters goes back as far as my school days at +Madame Chegaray's, where Frances Kellogg was a boarding +pupil and in a class higher than mine when I was a +day-scholar. It was the habit of these sisters to spend +their winters in Washington and their summers at West +Point; and it was during their sojourn at the latter place +that Frances became engaged to George H. Thomas of the +Army who, although a Virginian by birth, rendered such +distinguished services during our Civil War as Commander +of the Army of the Cumberland. Many years after General +Thomas's death, his widow built a house on I Street, +where she and Miss Kellogg presided during the remainder +of their lives. During one of our many conversations, +Mrs. Thomas told me that when her husband was informed +that a house was about to be presented to him by admiring +friends, in recognition of his conspicuous services during +the Civil War, he at once declined the offer, saying +that he had been sufficiently remunerated, and requested +that the money raised for the purpose should be given in +charity. A distinguished Union General, who had already +accepted a house, remonstrated with him and said: +"Thomas, if you refuse to accept that house it will make +it awkward for us." General Thomas's characteristic response +was: "You may take as many houses as you please, +but I shall accept none."</p> + +<p>At this time the house 14 Lafayette Square, now Jackson +Place, still standing but very much altered, was owned +and occupied by Purser and Mrs. Francis B. Stockton and +the latter's sister, daughters of Captain James McKnight +of the Marine Corps and nieces of Commodore Stephen +Decatur. Purser Stockton once told me that he had purchased +this home for seven thousand dollars. The house +prior to his ownership had been the residence of a number +of families of distinction, among others the Southards +and Monroes.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_217" id="Page_217">[217]</a></span></p> + +<p>After giving up our home in New York I made a visit +of some weeks to my friends, the family of William Kemble, +who was still residing on St. John's Park in New +York. While there we were invited to an old-fashioned +supper at the home of Mr. Peter Goelet, a bachelor, on +the corner of Nineteenth Street and Broadway, presided +over by his sister, Mrs. Hannah Greene Gerry. Upon +the lawn of this house Mr. Goelet indulged his ornithological +tastes by a remarkable display of various species +of turkeys with their broods, together with peacocks +and silver and golden pheasants. As can be readily +understood, this was a remarkable sight in the heart +of a great city, and caused much admiration from +passers-by.</p> + +<p>It has been said that at one time William W. Corcoran's +father kept a shoe store in Georgetown, and that the +son, one of the most conspicuous benefactors of the city +of Washington, was very proud of the fact. I have also +heard it said, although I cannot vouch for the truth of the +statement, that the son cherished his father's business sign +as one of his valued possessions. Whether or not these +allegations agree or conflict with the explicit statement +concerning his father made by William W. Corcoran himself, +is left for others to judge. The latter wrote concerning +his father: "Thomas Corcoran came to Baltimore +in 1783, and entered into the service of his uncle, William +Wilson, as clerk, beginning with a salary of fifty pounds +sterling a year.... He brought his family to Georgetown +and commenced the shoe and leather business on Congress +Street," etc., etc. Be the facts as they may, a witticism +of William Thomas Carroll was a <i>bon mot</i> of the +day many years ago in Washington. Upon being asked +upon one occasion whether he knew the elder Mr. Corcoran, +he replied: "I have known him from first to <i>last</i> +and from <i>last</i> to first." Mr. Carroll for thirty-six years +was Clerk of the Supreme Court of the United States, and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_218" id="Page_218">[218]</a></span> +Chief Justice Roger B. Taney paid him a well-earned +tribute when he stated that he was "an accomplished and +faithful officer, prompt and exact in business, and courteous +in manner, and during the whole period of his judicial +life discharged the duties of his office with justice to the +public and the suitors, and to the entire satisfaction of +every member of the Court."</p> + +<p>At the period of which I am speaking, some of the clerical +positions in the various departments of the government +were filled by members of families socially prominent. +Francis S. Markoe and Robert S. Chew, for example, were +clerks in the State Department, and Archibald Campbell +and James Madison Cutts held similar positions. For +many years women were not employed by the government. +It is said that the first one regularly appointed was Miss +Jennie Douglas, and that she received her position through +the instrumentality of Salmon P. Chase, Secretary of the +Treasury, at the request of General Francis E. Spinner, +Treasurer of the United States. She was assigned to the +duty of cutting and trimming treasury-notes, a task that +had hitherto been performed with shears by men. General +Spinner subsequently stated that her first day's work +"settled the matter in her and in women's favor." +James Madison Cutts, at one time Second Comptroller of +the Treasury under Buchanan, married Ellen Elisabeth +O'Neill, who, with her sister Rose, subsequently Mrs. Robert +Greenhow, resided in the vicinity of Washington. +Both sisters possessed much physical beauty. Madison +Cutts, as he was generally called, was a nephew of +"Dolly" Madison, and his father, Richard Cutts, was once +a Member of Congress from New Hampshire.</p> + +<p>It is to the kindness of Mrs. Madison Cutts that I owe +the memory of a pleasant visit to Mrs. Madison. She +took me to call upon her one afternoon, and I shall never +forget the impression made upon me by her turban and +long earrings. Her surroundings were of a most inter<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_219" id="Page_219">[219]</a></span>esting +character and her graceful bearing and sprightly +presence, even in extreme old age, have left a lasting picture +upon my memory. Her niece, "Dolly" Paine, was living +with her at her residence on the corner of H Street +and Madison Place, now forming a part of the Cosmos +Club. Todd Paine, her son, unfortunately did not prove +to be a source of much satisfaction to her. He survived +his mother some years and eventually the valuable Madison +manuscripts and relics became his property. At the +time of his death in Virginia this interesting collection +was brought to Washington, where, I am informed, some +of it still remains as the cherished possession of the McGuire +family. Mr. and Mrs. Madison Cutts were devotees +of society and consequently they and Mrs. Madison met +upon common ground. The afternoon of my memorable +visit to this former mistress of the White House I remember +meeting quite a number of visitors in her drawing-room, +as temporary sojourners at the National Capital +were often eager to meet the gracious woman who +had figured so conspicuously in the social history of the +country.</p> + +<p>I knew Madison Cutts's daughter, Rose Adele Cutts, or +"Addie" Cutts, as she was invariably called, when she +first entered society. Her reputation for beauty is well +known. I always associate her with japonicas, which she +usually wore in her hair and of which her numerous bouquets +were chiefly composed. Her father frequently accompanied +her to balls, and in the wee small hours of the +night, as he became weary, I have often been amused at +his summons to depart—"Addie, <i>allons</i>." As quite a +young woman, Addie Cutts married Stephen A. Douglas, +the "Little Giant," whom Lincoln defeated in the memorable +presidential election of 1860. It is said that her ambition +to grace the White House had much to do with the +disruption of the Democratic party, as it was she who +urged Douglas onward; and everyone knows that the di<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_220" id="Page_220">[220]</a></span>vision +of the Democratic vote between Stephen A. Douglas +and John C. Breckenridge resulted in the election of Lincoln. +Some years after Douglas's death, his widow married +General Robert Williams, U.S.A., by whom she had +a number of children, one of whom is the wife of Lieutenant +Commander John B. Patton, U.S.N.</p> + +<p>Mrs. Madison Cutts's sister, Mrs. Robert Greenhow, was +a woman of attractive appearance and unusual ability. +Her husband was a Virginian by birth and a man of decided +literary tastes. When I first knew her she was a +widow, and but few romances can excel in interest one +period of her career. She was a social favorite and her +house was the rendezvous of the prominent Southern politicians +of the day. This, of course, was before the Civil +War, during a portion of which she made herself conspicuous +as a Southern spy. At the commencement of the +struggle her zeal for the Southern cause became so conspicuous +and offensive to the authorities in Washington +that she was arrested and imprisoned in her own house on +Sixteenth Street, near K Street. Later she was confined +in the "Old Capitol Prison." General Andrew Porter, +U.S.A., whose widow still resides in Washington and is +one of my cherished friends, was Provost Marshal of the +District of Columbia at this time, and as such Mrs. Greenhow +was in his charge during her imprisonment. This +duty was made so irksome to him that, upon one occasion, +he exclaimed in desperation that he preferred to resign +his position rather than to continue such an uncongenial +task. It has been stated that information conveyed by +her to the Confederates precipitated the Battle of Bull +Run, which was so disastrous to the Union Army. Her +conduct, even in prison, was so aggressive that the government +officials decided she was altogether too dangerous a +character to remain in Washington. They accordingly +sent her, accompanied by her young daughter Rose, within +the Southern lines, fearing that even behind prison bars<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_221" id="Page_221">[221]</a></span> +her ingenuity might devise some method of communicating +with the enemy. From the South she went to London, +where she published, in 1863, a volume entitled, "My +Imprisonment and the First Years of Abolition Rule at +Washington," to which I have already referred. I have +heard that this book had quite a circulation in Great Britain, +but that an attempt was made to suppress it in the +United States. The last year of the war, Mrs. Greenhow +was returning to America with considerable money acquired +by the sale of her book, which she carried with her +in gold. She took passage upon a blockade-runner which, +after pursuit, succeeded in reaching the port of Wilmington, +North Carolina. She was descending from her ship +into a small boat to go on shore when she made a false +step and fell into the water. Her gold tied around her +neck held her down and she was drowned. Her remains +were recovered and brought to the town hall, where they +laid in state prior to an imposing funeral service. She +was regarded throughout the South as a martyr to its +cause.</p> + +<p>Old Washingtonians who recall Mrs. Greenhow's eventful +career will associate with her, in a way, Mrs. Philip +Phillips, who was also active in the Southern cause, and +whose husband represented Alabama with much ability for +one term in Congress. He subsequently remained in Washington, +where he was known as a distinguished advocate +before the Supreme Court. Mrs. Phillips's enthusiastic +friendship for the South made serious trouble for herself +and family. The first year of the war, all of them were +sent across the Union lines, and went to New Orleans, +where General Benjamin F. Butler was in command. A +few days after her arrival she Was brought before him +charged with "making merry" over the passing funeral +of Captain George Coleman De Kay of New York, an officer +in the Union Army. When General Butler inquired +why she laughed, she replied: "Because I was in a good<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_222" id="Page_222">[222]</a></span> +humor." Unable longer to suppress his indignation, Butler +exclaimed: "If such women as you and Mrs. Greenhow +are let loose, our lives are in jeopardy." Mrs. Phillips's +reply was: "We of the South hire butchers to kill our +swine." Another day a search was made in Mrs. Phillips's +house for information concerning the Confederacy which +she was thought to have. When personally searched and +compelled to remove her shoes, she suggested that it was +impossible for a Northern man to get his hand inside a +Southern woman's shoe. General Butler finally ordered +Mrs. Phillips to be confined on an island near New Orleans, +and placed over her a guard whose duty it was to +watch her night and day. I have often heard her give an +account of her life under these trying circumstances. She +said she lived in a large "shoe box"—whatever that meant—and +that her meals were served to her three times a day +upon a tin plate. From what I have already said, it is +apparent that she was an exceedingly witty woman. One +day, while walking on the streets in Washington, she was +joined by a distinguished prelate of the Roman Catholic +Church, and inquired whether he could lay aside his cloth +long enough to listen to a conundrum? Upon receiving +a favorable response, she asked: "Why is His Holiness, +the Pope, like a goose?" The reply was: "Because he +sticks to his Propaganda!"</p> + +<p>I shall always recall with pleasure a dinner party I attended +at the residence of Edward Everett. As Mrs. +Everett was in very delicate health and seldom appeared +in public, Mr. Everett presided alone. The invitations +were for six o'clock, and dinner was served promptly at +that hour. I was taken into the dining-room by Mr. +Philip Griffith, one of the Secretaries of the British Legation. +We had just finished our second course when, to +the surprise of everyone, a tall and gaunt gentleman was +ushered into the dining-room. It was Alexander H. +Stephens of Georgia, then a member of Congress and sub<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_223" id="Page_223">[223]</a></span>sequently +Vice-President of the Southern Confederacy. +Mr. Everett at once arose and shook hands with Mr. +Stephens and with an imperturbable expression of countenance +motioned the butler to provide another seat at the +table. For a moment there was a slight confusion, as the +other guests were obliged to move in order to make room +for the new comer; but everything was speedily arranged +and Mr. Stephens began his dinner with the third course. +No explanation was offered at the moment, but later, while +we were drinking our coffee in the drawing-room, I noticed +Mr. Everett and Mr. Stephens engaged in conversation.</p> + +<p>A few days later, through Mr. Colin M. Ingersoll, a +Representative in Congress from Connecticut, the cause +of Mr. Stephens' late appearance at the dinner was made +clear to me. It seems that Mr. Everett and the French +Minister, the Count Eugène de Sartiges, his next door +neighbor, were giving dinner parties the same evening. +The dinner hour at the French Legation was half-past +six o'clock, while Mr. Everett's was half an hour earlier. +Through the mistake of a stupid coachman, Mr. Stephens +was landed at the door of Count de Sartiges's home and +entered it under the impression that it was Mr. Everett's +residence. He walked into the drawing-room and suspected +nothing, as nearly all the guests were familiar to +him. Count de Sartiges, however, surprised at the presence +of an unbidden guest, anxiously inquired of Mr. Ingersoll +the name of the stranger, and upon being informed +remarked: "I'll be very polite to him." Seating himself +by Mr. Stephens' side, an animated conversation followed. +Meanwhile other guests arrived and the Count de Sartiges +became diverted, while Mr. Stephens, still unconscious of +his mistake, turned to Mr. Ingersoll, who stood near, and +in an irritated tone of voice said: "Who is this Frenchman +who is tormenting me, and where is Mr. Everett?" Mr. +Ingersoll explained that the Frenchman was the Count de<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_224" id="Page_224">[224]</a></span> +Sartiges, and that Mr. Everett was probably presiding +over his own dinner in the adjoining house.</p> + +<p>My <i>vis à vis</i> at Mr. Everett's table was Miss Ann G. +Wight, a woman with an unusual history. She was born +in Montgomery County, Maryland, and as a child was +placed in a convent. She eventually became a nun and an +inmate of the Convent of the Visitation in Georgetown, +where she assumed the name of "Sister Gertrude." She +was an intellectual woman and was deeply beloved by her +associates. Without any apparent cause, however, she +planned an escape from the convent and sought the residence +of her relative, General John P. Van Ness, dropping +her keys, as I have understood, in Rock Creek as she +passed over the Georgetown bridge. Mrs. Charles Worthington, +a Catholic friend of mine who was educated at +this same convent, gave me the following explanation of +her conduct: There was an election for Mother Superior, +and Miss Wight, deeply disappointed that she was not +chosen to fill the position, was dissatisfied and when it +became her turn to answer the front-door bell, suddenly +determined to leave. She was, however, recognized by +one of the priests, who followed her to General Van Ness's +residence, where he insisted upon seeing her. At first she +refused to meet him, but, upon informing the General that +he must learn from her own lips whether her departure +was voluntary, she consented to see him in the presence of +her relative. She admitted that she had in no way been +influenced. When I first met Miss Wight she was more +devoted to "the pride, pomp and circumstance" of the +world than many who had not led such deeply religious +lives. She was still living at the residence of General Van +Ness, and I have heard that she always remained a Roman +Catholic. During the Everett dinner my escort, Mr. Philip +Griffith, remarked to me in an undertone: "We have +an escaped nun here; are we going to have an +<i>auto da fé</i>?" I responded that I believed it to be a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_225" id="Page_225">[225]</a></span> +matter of record that <i>autos da fé</i> were solely a courtly +amusement.</p> + +<p>Mrs. Sidney Brooks, formerly Miss Fanny Dehon of +Boston, was another of Mr. Everett's guests. She was a +relative of our host, and it was her custom to make prolonged +visits to the Everett home. Her presence in Washington +was always hailed with delight. She was a pronounced +blonde, and her reputation as a brilliant conversationalist +was widely extended.</p> + +<p>Rufus Choate was an occasional visitor in Washington +subsequent to his brilliant senatorial career which ended +in 1845. That I had the pleasure of intimately knowing +this man of wit and erudition is one of the brightest memories +of my life. His quaint humor was inexhaustible +and some of his bright utterances will never perish. When +a younger sister of mine was lying desperately ill in +Washington in 1856 he called to inquire about her condition, +and the tones of his sympathetic voice still linger in +my ear. It has been fittingly said of Mr. Choate that +even one's name uttered by him was in itself a delicate +compliment. It is to him we owe the inspiring quotation, +"Keep step to the music of the Union," which he +uttered in his speech before the Whig convention of 1855. +I have heard some of Mr. Choate's clients dwell upon his +mighty power as an advocate, and it seems to me that +words of law flowing from such lips might have been suggestive +of the harmony of the universe. The chirography +of Mr. Choate was equal to any Chinese puzzle; it was +even more difficult to decipher than that of Horace +Greeley. I once received a note from him and was obliged +to call upon my family to aid me in reading it. He had a +fund of humor which was universally applauded by an admiring +public. Once, in replying to a toast on Yale College +at the "Hasty-Pudding" dinner, he said that "everything +is to be irregular this evening." He followed this +remark by poking a little fun at the expense of the College<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_226" id="Page_226">[226]</a></span> +by reading a portion of the will of Lewis Morris, one of +the Signers and the father of Gouverneur Morris. This +document was executed in 1760 in New York, and in it he +expresses his "desire that my son, Gouverneur Morris, may +have the best education that is to be had in Europe or +America, but my express will and directions are that he be +never sent for that purpose to the Colony of Connecticutt, +lest he should imbibe in his youth that low craft and cunning +so incident to the People of that Colony, which is +so interwoven in their Constitutions that all their art cannot +disguise it from the World; though many of them, +under the sanctifyed garb of Religion, have endeavored +to impose themselves on the World for honest men." The +laughter which followed the reading of this extract was as +<i>regular</i> as the remarks were <i>irregular</i>. It may be added +that Lewis Morris died two years after making this will, +when his son Gouverneur was between ten and eleven +years of age, and that his desires were respected, as his +son was graduated from King's (now Columbia) College +in New York in 1768, when only sixteen years old. His +father, cold in the grave, had his revenge on the "Colony +of Connecticutt" and the hatchet, for aught we know to +the contrary, was forever buried, while old Elihu's college +still survives in New Haven.</p> + +<p>An anecdote relating to Gouverneur Morris still lingers +in my memory. Before his marriage, quite late in life, to +Miss Anne Cary Randolph, his nephew, Gouverneur Wilkins, +was generally regarded as heir to his large estate. +When a direct heir was born, Mr. Wilkins was summoned +to the babe's christening. One of the guests began to +speculate upon the name of the youngster, when Mr. Wilkins +quickly said, "Why, <i>Cut-us-off-sky</i>, of course," in +imitation of the usual termination of such a large number +of Russian names.</p> + +<p>In 1852 John F. T. Crampton was British Minister to +the United States and I had the pleasure of knowing him<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_227" id="Page_227">[227]</a></span> +quite well. He was a bachelor of commanding presence, +and it was rather a surprise to Washingtonians that he +evaded matrimonial capture! He lived in Georgetown in +an old-time and spacious mansion, surrounded by ample +grounds. The proverbial tea-drinking period had not arrived, +but Mr. Crampton, notwithstanding this fact, gave +afternoon receptions for which his house, by the way, was +especially adapted. In 1856, during the Crimean War, +an unpleasantness arose between Great Britain and this +country in connection with the charge that Crampton had +been instrumental in recruiting soldiers in the United +States for service in the British Army. Accordingly, in +May of the same year, President Pierce broke off diplomatic +relations with him and he was recalled. There was +never, however, any severe reflection made upon him by +his home Ministry, and after his return to England he was +made a Knight of the Bath by Lord Palmerston, and a little +later became the British Minister at St. Petersburg. +In the autumn of 1856, while in Russia, he married Victoire +Balfe, second daughter of Michael William Balfe, +the distinguished musical composer, from whom he was +divorced in 1863.</p> + +<p>I frequently attended receptions at the British Legation, +and I particularly recall those in the spring of the +year when they took the form of <i>fêtes champêtres</i> upon +the well-kept lawn. On these occasions the Diplomatic +Corps was well represented, as well as the resident society. +I have heard a curious story about Henry Stephen +Fox, the English Minister in Washington from 1836 to +1844. He evidently represented the sporting element of +his day, as it was said he was <i>en évidence</i> all night and +seldom visible by daylight. He was, moreover, exceedingly +careless about some of the reasonable responsibilities +of life which rendered it difficult for his creditors to secure +an audience. They, however, surrounded his house +in the First Ward one evening and demanded in clamor<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_228" id="Page_228">[228]</a></span>ous +tones that he should name a definite time when he +would satisfy their claims. Fox appeared at a front window +and pleasantly announced that, as they were so urgent +in their demands, he would state a time which he hoped +would meet with their satisfaction, and accordingly named +in stentorian voice the "Day of Judgment."</p> + +<p>One of the constant visitors at our home on G Street +was John Savile-Lumley, who was appointed in 1854 as +the Secretary of the British Legation under Crampton, +and in the following year became the English <i>Chargé d'affaires</i> +in Washington. I remember him as a fine looking +gentleman and an especially pleasing specimen of the English +race. He was the natural son of John Lumley-Savile, +the eighth Earl of Scarborough, by a mother of +French origin. After leaving Washington, he represented +his country in Rome and other prominent courts of Europe, +and, upon his retirement from the diplomatic service +in 1888, was raised to the peerage as Baron Savile of Rufford +in Nottinghamshire. The last I heard of him was +through one of Lord Ronald Gower's charming books of +travel, where it states that he was representing Great +Britain at the court of Leopold I. in Belgium. He died +in the fall of 1896. His younger brother lived in London +where, for a period, he acted as a sort of major-domo in +society, and but few entertainments were considered complete +without him.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_229" id="Page_229">[229]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER X</h2> + +<h3>DIPLOMATIC CORPS AND OTHER CELEBRITIES</h3> + + +<p>I have already spoken of the Count de Sartiges, who +so ably represented the French Government in the +United States. He had not been very long in this +country when he married Miss Anna Thorndike of Boston, +and while residing in Washington they dispensed a +lavish hospitality. Just before he came to this country, +the Count spent several years in Persia, which was then +regarded as an out-of-the-way post of duty. I recall quite +an amusing incident which occurred at an entertainment +given by the Countess de Sartiges to which I was accompanied +by George Newell, brother-in-law of William L. Marcy. +Mr. Newell had not been in Washington long enough to, +become acquainted with all the members of the Diplomatic +Corps, and, crossing the room to where I stood, he inquired: +"Who is the Aborigine who has been sitting next +to me?" I looked in the direction indicated and recognized +the well-known person of General Juan Nepomuceno +Almonte, the Mexican Minister, whose features +strongly portrayed the Indian type. Some matrimonial +alliances in Mexico at this time, by the way, were more or +less complicated; for example, General Almonte's wife +was his own niece.</p> + +<p>The first Secretary of the French Legation was Baron +Geoffrey Boilleau, who remained in this country for several +years. While stationed in Washington, he married +Susan Benton, a daughter of Thomas H. Benton, U.S. +Senator from Missouri and a political autocrat in his own +State, another of whose daughters, Jessie Ann, was the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_230" id="Page_230">[230]</a></span> +wife of General John C. Fremont. At a later day, both +Boilleau and Fremont became involved in difficulties of a +serious character in consequence of which the former, +while Minister to Ecuador, was recalled to France, where, +as I am informed, he was convicted and confined for a +period in the <i>Conciergerie</i>. I am not fully acquainted +with the exact details of the charges upon which he was +tried, but they had their origin in the negotiation of certain +bonds of the proposed Memphis and El Paso Railroad. +In my opinion, however, no one who knew Baron +Boilleau well ever doubted his integrity. He was a man +of decidedly literary tastes and, like many persons of +that character, possessed but meager knowledge of business. +It seems that General Fremont had obtained from +the Legislature of Texas a grant of state lands in the interests +of the railroad just referred to, which was to be +a portion of a projected transcontinental line from Norfolk, +Virginia, to San Diego and San Francisco. It has +been stated that "the French agents employed to place +the land-grant bonds of this road on the market made +the false declaration that they were guaranteed by the +United States. In 1869 the Senate passed a bill giving +Fremont's road the right of way through the territories, +an attempt to defeat it by fixing on him the onus of the +misstatement in Paris having been unsuccessful. In 1873 +he was prosecuted by the French government for fraud +in connection with this misstatement. He did not appear +in person, and was sentenced by default to fine and +imprisonment, no judgment being given on the merits of +the case."</p> + +<p>Prince Louis de Bearn, Secretary of the French Legation, +was a gentleman of most pleasing personality. He +was a strikingly handsome bachelor at the time I knew +him and was much seen in the gay world. He was never +called "Prince" in those days, but "Count"; but in a +letter now before me, written in 1904 by his son, who was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_231" id="Page_231">[231]</a></span> +recently an attaché of the French Embassy in Washington, +he claims that both his father and grandfather were +Princes by right of birth. He also states that the title was +borne by his family before the Revolution of 1789. During +his official life in Washington, Prince de Bearn married +Miss Beatrice Winans, daughter of Ross Winans of Baltimore. +Chevalier John George Hulsemann, the Austrian +Minister, was a convivial old bachelor and was much esteemed +at the Capital for his genial qualities. He lived +on F Street, below Pennsylvania Avenue, and was stationed +in Washington for many years.</p> + +<p>Chevalier Giuseppe Bertinatti, the Italian Minister, commenced +his diplomatic career in Washington as a bachelor. +He did not occupy a house of his own, but lodged +at the establishment of Mrs. Ulrich, which was the headquarters +of many foreigners. Fifty years ago and more, +the members of the Diplomatic Corps, with few exceptions, +lived either in modest residences or in boarding +houses, in striking contrast with many of the imposing +mansions now occupied by the official representatives of +foreign lands. His mission was a diplomatic success and +while at the capital he married Mrs. Eugénie Bass, a handsome +widow from Mississippi, and soon departed upon another +mission, taking his American bride with him. Soon +after the announcement of his prospective marriage, Count +Bertinatti issued invitations to a large dinner given in +honor of his <i>fiancée</i>. When the gala day arrived, Mrs. +Bass, though quite indisposed, was persuaded to be present +at the dinner, but, feeling decidedly ill, she retired from +the table and in a short time became much nauseated. +When this state of affairs was explained to General George +Douglas Ramsay, one of the guests of the evening, his +quick sally was, "a Bass relief!"</p> + +<p>Baron Frederick Charles Joseph von Gerolt, whom I +knew very well and who represented King William of +Prussia, is still affectionately recalled by his few survivors<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_232" id="Page_232">[232]</a></span> +who cling to early associations. His departure from +Washington with his family was more deeply regretted +than that of some other foreign residents whom I remember, +as they had made many friends and had lived in +Washington so long that they were regarded almost as +permanent residents. The Misses Bertha and Dorothea +von Gerolt were graceful dancers and were very popular. +Dorothea married into the Diplomatic Corps and accompanied +her husband to Greece. I have heard that Bertha +became deeply attached to the Chevalier A. P. C. Van +Karnabeek, secretary of the Netherlands Legation, but +that, owing to religious considerations, her parents frowned +upon the alliance. She accordingly determined to enter +upon a cloistered life and went to the Georgetown convent +where she became a nun, and was known until the day of +her death in 1890 as "Sister Angela." Baron von Gerolt +was an intellectual man and, prior to his career in the +United States, his name was much associated with Baron +Alexander von Humboldt; but as neither he nor Madame +von Gerolt were proficient English scholars when they +first arrived they naturally depended upon others for instruction. +I can vouch for the truth of the statement that +upon one occasion they were advised by members of his +own legation to greet those whom they met with the words, +"I'm damned glad to see you."</p> + +<p>Mr. Alfred Bergmans, Secretary of the Belgian Legation, +married Lily Macalister, a Philadelphia heiress, who, in +her widowhood, returned to this country and made Washington +her home. Madame Bergmans was a devotee to +society and was particularly fond of dancing. She was +a <i>petite blonde</i>, and, even after it ceased to be fashion, +she wore her light hair down her back in many ringlets. +When George M. Robeson, President Grant's Secretary +of the Navy, saw her for the first time one evening +while she was dancing, he exclaimed, "That is the tripping +of the light fantastic toe." She married quite late<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_233" id="Page_233">[233]</a></span> +in life J. Scott Laughton, who was considerably her junior, +but did not long survive the alliance.</p> + +<p>Many members of the Diplomatic Corps of this period +married American women. Baron Guido von Grabow, +one of the secretaries of the Prussian Legation whom I +knew very well, married Mrs. Edward Boyce, whose +maiden name was Nina Wood. She was a granddaughter +of President Zachary Taylor and was well known and +beloved by old Washingtonians. Her marriage to Baron +von Grabow offers strong encouragement to persistent suitors. +He was deeply in love with her prior to her first +marriage, but she rejected him for Edward Boyce, who +was a member of a prominent Georgetown family. Mr. +Boyce lived only a few years, and her subsequent married +life with Baron von Grabow was long and happy.</p> + +<p>Alexandre Gau, <i>Chancelier</i> of the Prussian Legation, +married my younger sister, Margaret, who was regarded +as a remarkable beauty as well as an accomplished linguist +and pianist. Her wedding took place in our G Street +home in the same room where five months later her funeral +services were held. Mr. Gau did not long survive her and +was interred by her side in my father's old burial plot in +Jamaica, Long Island.</p> + +<p>Don Calderon de la Barca, the Spanish Minister to the +United States, together with his wife, who was Miss Fanny +Inglis, and her sister, Miss Lydia Inglis, were presiding +social spirits in Washington for many years. The latter +married a Mr. McLeod, and, becoming financially embarrassed, +established on Staten Island a school for girls +which was ably conducted. These sisters were members of +a Scotch family of distinguished lineage. One of Mrs. +McLeod's pupils was Mary E. Croghan, a prominent heiress +from Pittsburgh. She was still attending school on +Staten Island when Captain Edward W. H. Schenley of +the Royal Navy, a Scotch relative of Mrs. McLeod, came +to America to visit her. In inviting him to be her guest<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_234" id="Page_234">[234]</a></span> +she felt that, as he was an elderly man, he would prove +to be quite immune to the attractions of mere school girls. +I met Captain Schenley about this same time in New York, +and his "make up" was of such a remarkable character +that it was a favorite <i>on dit</i> that, when he was dressed +for standing, a sitting posture was quite an impossibility. +Young Miss Croghan must have discovered fascinations in +this Scotchman as she eloped with him from Mrs. McLeod's +school and after a brief period accompanied him +to England, where she spent the remainder of her life. +Mrs. McLeod was severely criticised by her patrons for +carelessness, and her school was somewhat injured by Miss +Croghan's matrimonial adventure.</p> + +<p>Don Leopoldo Augusto De Cueto was another Spanish +Minister, whom I regarded as an agreeable acquaintance. +During his <i>régime</i> filibustering against Spanish possessions, +and especially Cuba, was a favorite pastime of +American citizens and rendered the position of the Spanish +Minister in Washington one of delicacy and difficulty. +Residing in Washington during De Cueto's tenure +of office was a Cuban named Ambrosio José Gonzales, +who, in the Civil War, became Inspector General of Artillery +in the Confederate Army, under General Beauregard. +As he was well versed in music and had a remarkable +voice, he frequently, upon request, sang selections +from the popular operas then in vogue. Among the songs +frequently heard in drawing-rooms was "Suoni la +Tromba," from Bellini's opera "I Puritani di Scozia," +which had been interdicted by the Spanish Government. +One evening when De Cueto was spending an informal +evening with my sisters and myself at our G Street home, +Mr. Gonzales happened to call and was asked to sing. +He seated himself at the piano and for sometime sang +various airs for us. Finally, not knowing that "Suoni +la Tromba" was under the Spanish ban, I asked him to +sing it. During the song De Cueto was politely attentive,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_235" id="Page_235">[235]</a></span> +and at its conclusion had the politeness to applaud it. +Imagine, however, my surprise when I heard a few days +later, through a mutual friend, that Gonzales had +boasted that he sang the song in De Cueto's presence, +proudly adding that he had looked the Spaniard full in +the eye when he uttered the word <i>libertă</i>.</p> + +<p>Mr. José de Marcoleta, the Nicaraguan Minister to the +United States, was an elderly and punctilious Spaniard. +He was indefatigable in the observance of all social duties, +and I met him wherever I went. He was a bachelor but, +soon after his arrival in Washington, announced his engagement +to Miss Mary West of Boston, who unfortunately +died before her wedding day. I am under the +impression that he eventually married another American. +I remember once when he called to see us I asked him to +tell me something about Nicaragua, which was then an +almost unknown country. My surprise can hardly be described +when he told me he had never seen the country +which he represented, but was a native of Spain.</p> + +<p>Baron Waldemar Rudolph Raasloff represented Denmark +in a manner creditable both to his country and our +own. He told me that some years previous to his mission +to America he came to New York in the capacity of an +engineer and was engaged on work in New York harbor, +"blowing up rocks." Possibly he was thus employed at +"Hell Gate," at that time one of the most dangerous obstacles +to navigation in that vicinity.</p> + +<p>The well-known "Octagon," as the old Tayloe home on +the corner of New York Avenue and Eighteenth Street is +still called, during my early residence in Washington was +closed. Many superstitious persons regarded it with fear, +as its reputation as a haunted house was then, in their +opinion, well established. I have been told by the daughters +of General George D. Ramsay that upon one occasion +their father was requested by Colonel John Tayloe, the +father of Benjamin Ogle Tayloe, to remain at the Octagon<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_236" id="Page_236">[236]</a></span> +over night, when he was obliged to be absent, as a protection +to his daughters, Anne and Virginia. While the +members of the family were at the evening meal, the bells +in the house began to ring violently. General Ramsay +immediately arose from the table to investigate, but failed +to unravel the mystery. The butler, in a state of great +alarm, rushed into the dining-room and declared that it +was the work of an unseen hand. As they continued to +ring, General Ramsay held the rope which controlled the +bells, but, it is said, they were not silenced. The architect +of the Octagon was Dr. William Thornton, of the +West Indies, who designed the plans of the first capitol +in Washington and who was the controlling spirit of the +three Commissioners appointed by Congress to acquire a +"territory not exceeding ten miles square" for the establishment +of a permanent seat of government. These men +were Daniel Carroll, Thomas Johnson, first Governor of +the State of Maryland, and David Stuart. Most of this +land, which included Georgetown and Alexandria, was +primeval forest and was owned chiefly by Daniel Carroll, +Notley Young, Samuel Davidson and David Burns.</p> + +<p>The Commissioners had great difficulty in dealing with +Burns, who owned nearly all of what is now the northwestern +section of the city, as he was a closefisted and +hardheaded Scotchman, who was unwilling to part with +his lands without being roundly paid for them. When +argument with him proved fruitless, it is said that General +Washington, realizing the gravity of the situation, +rode up several times from Mount Vernon to discuss the +situation with "stubborn Mr. Burns." At length, in +despair, he remarked: "Had not the Federal City been +laid out here, you would have died a poor planter." "Ay, +mon," was Burns's ready response, "and had you no married +the widder Custis wi' a' her nagres ye'd ha'e been a +land surveyor the noo', an' a mighty poor ane at that!" +It is further related that Washington finally succeeded in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_237" id="Page_237">[237]</a></span> +winning Burns over to his way of thinking, and that the +canny Scotchman, realizing how largely he was to profit +by the transaction, actually became generous and gave to +the Commissioners, in fee simple, his apple orchard which +is now the beautiful Lafayette Square.</p> + +<p>In passing through Lafayette Square, I have often sat +down upon a bench to rest near the "wishing tree," a +dwarf chestnut so well known to residents of the District, +and I have been impressed by the many superstitious persons, +both men and women, who have stopped for a moment +and silently stood under its branches. Many are +the credulous believers in its power to satisfy human desires, +and the season when its branches are full of nuts +is regarded by these as a specially propitious time for +their realization. With many persons this tree is the basis +of their only superstition.</p> + +<p>I remember the case of a young girl who had been +working very hard to obtain a position in one of the departments +but without success and who, thoroughly discouraged, +came to the tree early one morning and made +the wish that to her and her family meant the actual necessities +of life. She then sat down to rest upon a near-by +bench before going home, and while there became engaged +in conversation with a pleasing looking woman, to +whom she poured forth her heart as she related her hopes +and disappointments about obtaining a government position. +As her listener was a sympathetic person, she asked +the young woman her name and address, and in a few +days the poor girl received a notice to go to a certain department +for examination. It seems that her companion +under the tree was the wife of an influential Senator, +who was so touched by the young woman's efforts, as +well as by her childish faith in the "wishing tree," that +she took pleasure in seeing that her great desire was gratified.</p> + +<p>At this time Washington was not far behind other<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_238" id="Page_238">[238]</a></span> +large cities in games of chance, and gambling was frequently +indulged in quite openly. Edward Pendleton's +resort, a luxurious establishment down town, was regarded +as quite <i>à la mode</i>, and I have heard it said that he had +able assistance from social ranks. I have often wondered +why a man who indulged in this sport was called a +gambler, as the term "gamester," used many years ago, +seems decidedly more appropriate. I own two volumes +of a very old book, published in the eighteenth century, +entitled "The Gamesters," in which the heroes are professional +gamblers. I have seen Mrs. Pendleton's costly +equipage, drawn by horses with brilliant trappings and +followed by blooded hounds, coursing the length of Pennsylvania +Avenue, while its owner seemed entirely unconscious +of the aching hearts which had contributed to all +her grandeur. Cards were universally played in private +homes and whist was the fashionable game, General Scott +being one of its chief devotees. I have often thought how +much the old General would have enjoyed "bridge," as +there was nothing that gave him more pleasure than playing +the "dummy hand."</p> + +<p>My old friend, Mrs. Diana Bullitt Kearny, the widow +of General "Phil" Kearny, in our many chats in her latter +days, gave me many reminiscences of Washington at +a time when I was not residing there. She described a +fancy-dress ball given by her while residing in the old +Porter house on H Street, which must have been about +1848, as General Kearny had just returned from the Mexican +War. She dwelt particularly upon the costume of +Emma Meredith, one of her guests and the daughter of +Jonathan Meredith of Baltimore, who came to Washington +to attend the party. She represented a rainbow and her +appearance was so gorgeous that Mrs. Kearny said the +Heavenly vision seemed almost within the grasp of common +mortals. Miss Meredith's supremacy as a belle has +never been eclipsed. I recall a painful incident connected<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_239" id="Page_239">[239]</a></span> +with her life. A young naval officer was deeply in love +with her and, it is said, was under the impression that she +intended to marry him. At a theater party one evening +he discovered his mistake and, taking the affair to heart, +returned to his quarters and the same evening swallowed +a dose of corrosive sublimate. Physicians were immediately +summoned and, although he regretted the act and +expressed a desire to live, they were unable to save him. +It is said that about the same time Miss Meredith left her +home in Baltimore to visit her sister, Mrs. Gardiner G. +Howland, whose husband was one of the merchant princes +of New York, and that, as she crossed the Jersey City +Ferry, one of the first objects which met her eyes was the +funeral cortege of her disappointed lover <i>en route</i> to his +final resting place. Subsequent to this tragedy, I met Miss +Meredith in Saratoga, surrounded by the usual admiring +throng. She never married. I heard of her in recent +years, at a summer resort near Baltimore, and, although +advanced in years, I understood she still possessed exceptional +powers of attraction. Only a short time ago I +heard a young man remark that he knew her very well +and that he would rather converse with her than with +women many years her junior.</p> + +<p>Mrs. Kearny was said to be the last of the "Lafayette +girls." In 1825, when Lafayette made his memorable +visit to the United States as the guest of the nation, she +was living with her parents in Louisville, and at the tender +age of five strewed flowers in the pathway of the distinguished +Frenchman. She remembered the incident +perfectly and in our numerous conversations I have repeatedly +heard her allude to it. She told me that, seated +at General Lafayette's side in the carriage which conveyed +him through the city, was the great-uncle, Colonel +Richard C. Anderson, who led the advance of the American +troops at the Battle of Trenton. General Robert Anderson, +U.S.A., whose memory the country honors as the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_240" id="Page_240">[240]</a></span> +defender of Fort Sumpter, was his son. The General's +widow, a daughter of General Duncan L. Clinch, U.S.A., +resided in Washington until her death a few years ago. +She was a woman of rare intelligence and, although a +great invalid for many years, gathered around her an +appreciative circle of friends, who were always charmed +by her attractive personality.</p> + +<p>In my earliest recollection of Washington the old Van +Ness house was still sheltered by many trees. The foliage +was so dense that it may have been the desire of the +occupants to shield themselves in this manner from public +view. When I first knew the landmark it was occupied +by Thomas Green, an old-time resident of the District. +He married, as his second wife, Ann Corbin Lomax, +a daughter of Major Mann Page Lomax of the +Ordnance Department of the Army. During the Civil +War, Mr. Green's sympathies were with the South, but +he took no active part in the conflict. One of his idiosyncrasies +was to pick up, on and around his spacious grounds, +scraps of old iron, such as horse shoes, hay rakes and the +like, which were placed in a corner of his capacious cellar. +Suspicion was centered upon his house by information +given to the government by an old family servant +who thought he was doing the country a service, and directions +were accordingly given that it should be searched. +While this order was in process of execution, the discovery +of the scrap-iron is said to have played an important +part and in some unaccountable manner to have aroused +further suspicion. Whatever the logic of the situation +may have been is not intelligible, but the fact remains +I that Mr. and Mrs. Green and the latter's sister, Miss Virginia +Lomax, were arrested in a summary manner and +taken to the Old Capital Prison, where for a time they +were kept in close confinement, during which Miss Lomax +suffered severe indisposition and, as is said, never entirely +recovered from the effects of her incarceration. About<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_241" id="Page_241">[241]</a></span> +twenty-five years after the War, while staying at the same +house with her in Warrenton, Virginia, I quite longed to +hear her reminiscences of prison life; but when I expressed +my desire to a member of her family, I was requested +not to broach the subject as, even at this late day, +it was painful to her as a topic of conversation.</p> + +<p>During the War of 1812, Major Lomax was sent upon a +mission to Canada by the U.S. Government and, one day +during his brief sojourn, dined in company with some +British officers. During the dinner a toast was offered +by one of the sons of John Bull: "To President Madison, +dead or alive." The responding toast by Major Lomax +was: "To the Prince Regent, drunk or sober." The British +officer who had proposed the toast to Madison immediately +sprang to his feet and with much indignation +inquired: "Do you mean to insult me, sir?" The quick +rejoinder was: "I am responding to an insult!"</p> + +<p>I met Charles Sumner soon after his first appearance +in the United States Senate as the successor of Daniel +Webster, who had become Secretary of State. He was a +man of striking appearance and bore himself with the dignity +so characteristic of the statesmen of that period. +"Sumner is one of them literary fellows," was the facetious +criticism of the Hon. Zachariah Chandler of Michigan, +who a few years later became one of his colleagues in +the Senate, and who in earlier life was accumulating a +large fortune while Mr. Sumner, in his Massachusetts +home, was engaged in those intellectual and scholarly pursuits +which eventually made him one of the ripest and +most accomplished students in the land. Chandler, however, +in his own way, furnished a conspicuous example to +aspiring youths of the day, both by his earlier and subsequent +life, of what may be accomplished by determined +application.</p> + +<p>For a decade or more preceding the Civil War the political +sentiment of Washington, especially in reference to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_242" id="Page_242">[242]</a></span> +the violent anti-slavery agitation then engrossing the +thought of the country, was decidedly in sympathy with +the attitude of the South. It is not, therefore, surprising +that Sumner, whose radical views were known from +Maine to Texas, should have been received at first in +Washington society with but little cordiality. As the +years passed along, he was rapidly forging himself ahead +to the leadership of his party in the Senate and, of course, +became strongly inimical to Buchanan's administration. +He was regarded with confidence and esteem by his own +party, and, although naturally both disliked and feared by +his political opponents, it could be truthfully said of him +that he was</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">A man that fortune's buffets and rewards<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Hast ta'en with equal thanks,<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>and that no attempts to socially ostracize or to deride +him for his political views and his intense application to +his sense of duty deterred the great Massachusetts statesman +from pursuing the "even tenor of his way."</p> + +<p>An anecdote went the rounds of the Capital to the effect +that, one morning when a gentleman called to see +Sumner at his rooms on Pennsylvania Avenue, a colored +attendant answered the door and after glancing at his +card informed him that it would be impossible to disturb +his master, as he was rehearsing before a looking-glass a +speech which he expected to deliver the following morning. +Whether this was originally told by a friend or foe of Mr. +Sumner is not known. Mr. Sumner once requested me +to take him to see a young Washington belle who combined +Parisian grace with Kentucky dash. I refer to Miss Sally +Strother, an acknowledged beauty of decidedly Southern +views, who lived on Seventh Street near F Street, now a +commercial center. Mr. Sumner and I walked to her +house from my home on G Street and found several +guests in her drawing-room, where the topic of conversa<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_243" id="Page_243">[243]</a></span>tion, +in the course of the evening, drifted to the subject of +spiritualism. It was announced that at a recent <i>séance</i> +the spirit of Washington had appeared and uttered the +usual platitudes, whereupon Miss Strother, without a moment's +hesitation, remarked: "I wonder what General +Washington would say about Mr. Sumner?" Someone +undertook to define Washington's views, but Miss Strother +interrupted and said: "I know just what he would say—that +he was a very intelligent, a very handsome, but a +very bad man." This remark was naturally productive +of much mirth, but failed to arouse any manifestation of +feeling or disapprobation on the part of Mr. Sumner. +Later, as we were walking homeward he remarked: "I +have <i>l'esprit d'escalier</i> and my retorts do not come until +I am well-nigh down the flight of stairs." Sally Strother +went abroad, where she married Baron Fahnenberg of +Belgium, and shared a fate similar to that of many of her +country-women, as she was finally separated from her husband. +She cherished, however, a pride of title and bequeathed +$60,000 to erect in Spa, Belgium, a handsome +chapel as well as a vault to contain the remains of her +mother, brother and herself. Her Kentucky relatives, however, +including the family of Mrs. Basil Duke, succeeded in +breaking the will on the ground that her mother's will, +through which she had inherited her property, did not +permit it to leave the family. The chapel and vault, accordingly, +were not built, and all her property reverted to +her relatives.</p> + +<p>In addition to his commanding presence, nature bestowed +upon Mr. Sumner a clear and melodious voice, which rendered +it quite unnecessary for him to resort to Demosthenic +methods of cultivation. For many years his inspiring +words could be heard upon the floor of the Senate +in all of the leading debates of the day, and his masterly +orations will go down to posterity as an important contribution +to the history of many national administrations.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_244" id="Page_244">[244]</a></span></p> + +<p>I well remember Preston S. Brooks's cowardly assault +upon Charles Sumner in the Senate Chamber in the spring +of 1856. Public indignation ran very high, and his political +opponents referred to him thereafter as "Bully Brooks." +Socially, as well as politically, he was popular. He possessed +a gentle and pleasing bearing and it would have +been difficult for anyone to associate him with such a cruel +outrage. His uncle, Andrew P. Butler, who was in the +U.S. Senate from South Carolina at the same time, was +a fine-looking and venerable gentleman, but he was one of +the class then designated as "fire-eaters."</p> + +<p>There existed between Mr. Sumner and Henry W. +Longfellow a strong friendship which was contracted in +early life. I have often heard the Massachusetts statesman +recite some of his friend's poetical lines, which +seemed to me additionally beautiful when rendered in +his deep and sonorous voice. In the latter years of his +life he resided in the house which is now the Arlington +Hotel Annex, where he surrounded himself with his remarkable +collection of books and articles of <i>virtu</i> which +he exhibited with pride to his guests. I especially recall +an old clock presented to him by Henry Sanford, Minister +to Belgium, as an artistic work of exceptional beauty. +Mr. Sumner, by the way, was an accomplished connoisseur +in art. I have heard him strongly denounce Clark +Mills's equestrian statue of General Andrew Jackson, now +standing in the center of Lafayette Square. He told me +that on one occasion he was conducting a party of Englishmen +through the streets of the National Capital and, +as they were driving along Pennsylvania Avenue, he +seated himself in such a position as to entirely obstruct +the view of what he called this "grotesque statue," calling +the attention of his guests, meanwhile, to the White +House on the other side of the street.</p> + +<p>I felt honored in calling Charles Sumner my friend, +and I take especial pleasure in repeating the encomium<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_245" id="Page_245">[245]</a></span> +that "to the wisdom of the statesman and the learning +of the scholar he joined the consecration of a patriot, the +honor of a knight and the sincerity of a Christian." +George Sumner, his brother, did not appear in the land +of his birth as a celebrity, but he had a remarkable career +abroad. He hobnobbed with royalty throughout the European +continent and was highly regarded for his profound +learning. He studied at the Universities of Heidelberg +and Berlin and traveled extensively through Europe, +Asia and Africa. He never tarried long in his "native +heath," and furnished conspicuous evidence that "a +prophet is not without honor save in his own country." +Alexander von Humboldt praised the accuracy of his researches +and Alexis de Tocqueville referred to him as being +better acquainted with European politics than any +European with whom he was acquainted.</p> + +<p>While Sumner was in the Senate, George T. Davis of +Greenfield, Massachusetts, was a member of the House of +Representatives. I knew him very well and he was a +constant visitor at our home. He was celebrated for his +flashes of wit, which sometimes stimulated undeveloped +powers in others, and I have often seen dull perceptions +considerably sharpened at his approach. Oliver Wendell +Holmes speaks of his witty sayings in the "Autocrat of +the Breakfast Table," and his conversational powers were +so brilliant that they won the admiration of Thackeray. +Robert Rantoul, also from Massachusetts, and a colleague +of Davis, was a "Webster Whig" and a powerful exponent +of the "Free-Soil" faith. Davis, who was so +bright and clever in the drawing-room, could not, however, +compete with Rantoul on the floor of the House in +parliamentary debate. The epitaph on Rantoul's monument +says that "He died at his post in Congress, and his +last words were a protest in the name of Democracy +against the Fugitive-Slave Law." One of the verses of +Whittier's poem, entitled "Rantoul," reads as follows:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_246" id="Page_246">[246]</a></span>—</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Through him we hoped to speak the word<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Which wins the freedom of a land;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And lift, for human right, the sword<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Which dropped from Hampden's dying hand.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>I first met the eccentric Count Adam Gurowski at the +convivial tea table of Miss Emily Harper in Newport, +upon one of those balmy summer evenings so indelibly +impressed upon my memory. He was, perhaps, in many +respects, one of the most remarkable characters that Washington +has ever known. He was a son of Count Ladislas +Gurowski, an ardent admirer of Kosciusko, and was active +in revolutionary projects in Poland in consequence of +which he was condemned to death by the Russian authorities. +He managed, however, to escape and in 1835 published +a work entitled "La Verité sur la Russie," in which +he advocated a union of the various branches of the +Slavic race. This book was so favorably regarded in +Russia that its author was recalled and employed in the +civil service. He came to this country in 1849, and, after +being employed on the staff of <i>The New York Tribune</i>, +came to Washington, where his linguistic attainments and +the aid of Charles Sumner secured for him a position as +translator in the State Department, which he held from +1861 to 1863.</p> + +<p>The Count was a medley of strange whims and idiosyncrasies +that almost baffle description. Together with his +strong individuality, he possessed a trait which made +many enemies and ultimately proved his undoing. I refer +to his uncontrollable desire to contradict and to antagonize. +It was simply impossible to find a subject upon +which he and anyone else could agree. There were, however, +extenuating circumstances. "Chill penury," forced +upon him by the state of his financial affairs, had much to +do with his cynical and acrimonious spirit. Prosperity +is certainly conducive to an amiable bearing, and I believe +that Gurowski would have been more conciliatory<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_247" id="Page_247">[247]</a></span> +if adversity had not so persistently attended his pathway. +It is highly probable, too, that Gurowski would have retained +his position under the government indefinitely but +for his unfortunate disposition. He wrote a diary from +1861 to 1863 which he was so indiscreet as to keep in his +desk in the State Department; and, unknown at first to +him, some of its pages were brought to the attention of +certain officials of the government. They contained anything +but complimentary references to his chief, William +H. Seward, Secretary of State, and he was discharged. +Meanwhile he had antagonized his benefactor, Mr. Sumner, +by opposing, in a caustic manner, his views in reference +to the conduct of the Civil War, and by other similar +indiscretions was making new enemies almost every +day.</p> + +<p>The intense bitterness and intemperance of Gurowski +in the expression of his views is well illustrated in a conversation +quoted by one of his friends in <i>The Atlantic +Monthly</i> more than forty years ago. It had reference to +a period preceding the Civil War when the "Fugitive-Slave +Law" was engrossing the attention of the country. +"What do I care for Mr. Webster," he said. "I can read +the Constitution as well as Mr. Webster." "But surely, +Count, you would not presume to dispute Mr. Webster's +opinion on a question of constitutional law?" "And why +not? I tell you I can read the Constitution as well as +Mr. Webster, and I say that the 'Fugitive-Slave Law' is +unconstitutional—is an outrage, and an imposition of +which you will all soon be ashamed. It is a disgrace to +your humanity and to your republicanism, and Mr. +Webster should be hung for advocating it. He +is a humbug or an ass—an ass, if he believes such +an infamous law to be constitutional, and if he +does not believe it, he is a humbug and a scoundrel for +advocating it."</p> + +<p>The Count's sarcastic reference to Secretary Seward is<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_248" id="Page_248">[248]</a></span> +equally amusing. It seems that one of his duties, while +in the State Department, was to keep a close watch upon +the European newspapers for matters of interest to our +government, and also to furnish the Secretary of State, +when requested, with opinions on diplomatic questions, +or, as Gurowski expressed it, "to read the German newspapers +and keep Seward from making a fool of himself." +The first duty, he said, was easy enough, but the latter +was rather difficult!</p> + +<p>In 1854 Gurowski published his book, "Russia as it is," +which was soon followed by another work entitled, "America +and Europe." Both of them met with a favorable +reception, but, after losing his government position, it became +a difficult matter for him to eke out a maintenance, +and his disposition, if possible, became still more embittered. +At an evening party I took part by chance in an +animated discussion upon the subject of dueling. Suddenly +my eye lighted upon Count Gurowski, who had just +entered the room. Calling him to my side I asked him +in facetious tones how many men he had killed. He +quickly responded, "Wonly (only) two!"</p> + +<p>Count Gurowski's fund of knowledge was in many ways +highly remarkable, especially upon his favorite theme of +royalty and nobility, past and present. He was intensely +disliked by the Diplomatic Corps in Washington, many +of whose members regarded him as a Russian spy, a suspicion +which, of course, was without the slightest foundation. +Baron Waldemar Rudolph Raasloff, the Danish +Minister, once refused to enter a box at the opera where +I was seated because Gurowski was one of the party. +The Count seemed to be in touch with sources of information +relating to diplomats and their affairs which were +unknown to others—a fact which naturally aroused dislike +and jealousy. He once announced to me, for example, +that the <i>attachés</i> of the French Legation were in a +state of great good humor, as their salaries had been<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_249" id="Page_249">[249]</a></span> +raised that day. I once heard a member of a foreign legation +say to another: "Gurowski is an emanation of the +Devil." "The Devil, you say," was the response, "why, +he is the Devil himself." In discussing with a foreigner +the Count's exile by the Russian government, I said that +I knew of relatives of his in high position in Russia. +Evidently controlled by his prejudices, he replied: "It +must be a family of contrasts, as his position in this country +is certainly a low one." If he intended to convey the +impression that the Count was "low" in his pocket, his +statement was certainly correct, but not otherwise. It is +true that his unhappy disposition made him more enemies +than friends, but he was by no means devoid of admirable +traits, even if he so frequently preferred to conceal them. +The finer side of his nature and his pleasing qualities +only were presented to my sister, Mrs. Eames, who always +welcomed him to her house. One day when he +called the condition of his health seemed so precarious +that she insisted upon his becoming her guest. He accepted +the invitation, but did not long survive, and in the +spring of 1866 his turbulent spirit passed away while +under my sister's roof. Much respect was paid to his +memory and the most distinguished men and women in +Washington attended his funeral. He is buried in the +Congressional Cemetery, where a crested tablet surmounts +his grave. Little was generally known of his immediate +family relations, but Robert Carter, one of his most intimate +friends and the author of the article in <i>The Atlantic +Monthly</i>, already referred to, states that he was a +widower and had a son in the Russian Navy and a married +daughter in Switzerland.</p> + +<p>Early in life his brother, Count Ignatius Gurowski, +met the Infanta Isabella de Bourbon, sister of the Prince +Consort of Spain, while she was receiving her education +at the <i>Sacre Coeur</i> in Paris, and eloped with her. They +were pensioned by the Spanish government for a while<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_250" id="Page_250">[250]</a></span> +under Queen Isabella's reign and made their home in +Brussels. I have heard, however, that when Isabella was +forced from the throne the pension ceased and their circumstances +became quite reduced. It is said that the +Prince Consort, Ignatius Gurowski's brother-in-law, suggested +to him soon after his marriage that it might be +well for him to be created a Duke of the realm. This +friendly offer was declined with indignation. "I would +prefer," said Gurowski, "being an old Count to a new +Duke!"</p> + +<p>Sometime ago I saw the statement in a newspaper to +the effect that descendants of Ignatius Gurowski were +living in the United States. This suggests, although remotely, +the inquiry heard many years ago: "Have we a +Bourbon among us?"—referring, of course, to the last +Dauphin, whom many believed to exist in the person of +the Rev. Eleazer Williams, who resided in St. Lawrence +County, New York. The Rev. Dr. Francis L. Hawks +had such an abiding faith that Williams was actually +the Dauphin that he wrote an article in 1853 for +<i>Putnam's Magazine</i> expressive of his views. If the newspaper +story and Dr. Hawks's claims be true, this country +has accordingly been the retreat of more than one member +of the ill-fated Bourbon family. Several years ago I was +surprised to hear it stated that the father of Kuroki, the +famous Japanese General, was a brother of Adam and Ignatius +Gurowski. This information, I am informed, came +from a nephew of General Kuroki who was receiving his +education in Europe. "My uncle Kuroki," he is said to +have written, "is of Polish origin. His father was a +Polish nobleman by the name of Kourowski, who fled +from Russia after the Revolution of 1831. He finally +went to Japan and married a Japanese. As the name +of Kourowski is difficult to pronounce in Japanese, my +uncle pronounced it Kuroki. The General's father, upon +his death bed said to him that perhaps some day he would<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_251" id="Page_251">[251]</a></span> +be able to take vengeance upon the Russians for their +cruel treatment of unhappy Poland."</p> + +<p>One of the most notable men of my acquaintance in +Washington was Caleb Cushing. I first met him when +he was Attorney-General in President Pierce's Cabinet, +and the friendship formed at that time lasted for many +years. He was among the guests at my wedding, and +Miss Emily Harper, whom he accompanied, told me that +he especially commented upon that portion of the service +which reads, "those whom God hath joined together, let +no man put asunder." His remarks evidently appealed +to her as an ardent Roman Catholic. Ralph Waldo Emerson +declared Mr. Cushing to be the most eminent scholar +of the country, and Wendell Phillips went still further +and said: "I regard Mr. Cushing as the most learned man +living." His habit was one of constant acquirement. +He was what I should call "a Northern man with Southern +principles," an expression which originated in 1835, +and was first applied to Martin Van Buren. I have +heard Cushing defend slavery with great eloquence and +although, like him, I was born and bred in the North, I +regarded that institution, in some respects, as far less iniquitous +than the infamous opium trade which so enriched +British and American merchants, and of which I saw so +much during my life in China.</p> + +<p>It must have been from his Pilgrim forefather that Mr. +Cushing inherited a decided antipathy for Great Britain, +and it was once said that he carried this prejudice so far +that he refused to visit England. This statement, however, +is untrue, as I have before me an amusing article, +written many years ago by his private secretary, during +his mission to Spain, which contradicts it. He gives +some amusing incidents connected with his visit of a few +days in London when he and Mr. Cushing were <i>en route</i> +to Spain. "Mr. Cushing's headwear," he writes, "was a +silk hat which must have been the fashion of about the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_252" id="Page_252">[252]</a></span> +time he discarded umbrellas. It was slightly pointed at +the top and there was, so to say, no back or front to it +and there was no band for it. As I knew he intended +paying several visits, I asked him if he would not exchange +his hat, which at the time was thoroughly soaked, +for a new and lighter one. The old man took off his ancient +hat, examined it critically and then said slowly and +deliberately, as if delivering an opinion on the bench, +'No, sir, I think that I shall wait and see what the fashions +are in Madrid.' It was said with much earnestness, +as if it had been a state question. A third person would +have found it irresistibly funny, but there was nothing +laughable in it to General Cushing. In fact, his sense of +humor was of a very grim order." He also writes: +"The old man was an inveterate smoker, and yet, during +the whole period of my intercourse with him, I did not see +him light a score of fresh cigars. He bought them, that +is certain, but he must have been averse to lighting them +in public for he almost invariably had a stump between +his lips. Ask him if he would have a cigar and the answer +would be, 'Thank you, sir, I think I have one,' and +out would come a dilapidated case, from which he +would shake from one to half a dozen butts as the +supply ran."</p> + +<p>While Cushing was Attorney-General under President +Pierce, he formed a friendship with Madame Calderon +de la Barca, of whom I have already spoken, who, upon +his arrival in Madrid, was one of the first persons to greet +him. She was then a widow and occupied a high social +position at the Spanish court. Cushing and she thoroughly +enjoyed the renewal of their earlier friendship in +Washington, and the last visit he made in Madrid was +when he bade her a final farewell. In 1843, and prior to +his mission to Spain, Mr. Cushing was appointed by President +Tyler Minister to China, where his able diplomacy +has been the subject of recognition and admiration to this<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_253" id="Page_253">[253]</a></span> +day. He carried with him the following remarkable letter +which he was charged by the President to deliver in +person to the Emperor. It may have been—who knows?—the +first lesson in occidental geography submitted to the +"Brother of the Sun and the Sister of the Moon and +Stars." Had the President of the United States been +called upon to address a country Sunday School, he could +hardly have exhibited a more conscious effort to adapt +himself to the level of his hearers. This is the letter:—</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>I, John Tyler, President of the United States of America—which +states are Maine, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, +Rhode Island, Connecticut, Vermont, New York, +New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, +North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky, +Tennessee, Ohio, Louisiana, Indiana, Mississippi, +Illinois, Alabama, Missouri, Arkansas and Michigan—send +this letter of peace and friendship, signed by my +own hand.</p> + +<p>I hope your health is good. China is a great empire, +extending over a great part of the world. The Chinese +are numerous. You have millions and millions of subjects. +The twenty-six United States are as large as China, +though our people are not so numerous. The rising sun +looks upon the great mountains and great rivers of China. +When he sets he looks upon mountains and rivers equally +large in the United States. Our territories extend from +one great ocean to the other; and on the west we are divided +only from your domain by the sea. Leaving the +mouth of one of our great rivers and going constantly +towards the setting sun we sail to Japan and the Yellow +Sea.</p> + +<p>Now, my words are that the governments of two such +great countries should be at peace. It is proper and according +to the will of heaven that they should respect each +other and act wisely. I therefore send to your Court +Caleb Cushing one of the wise and learned men of this +country. On his first arrival in China he will inquire for +your health. He has strict orders to go to your great city<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_254" id="Page_254">[254]</a></span> +of Pekin and there to deliver this letter. He will have +with him secretaries and interpreters.</p> + +<p>The Chinese love to trade with our people and sell them +tea and silk for which our people pay silver and sometimes +other articles. But if the Chinese and Americans +will trade there should be rules so that they shall not +break your laws or our laws. Our minister, Caleb Cushing, +is authorized to make a treaty to regulate trade. Let +it be just. Let there be no unfair advantage on either +side. Let the people trade not only at Canton, but also +at Amoy, Ningpo, Shanghai, Fushan and all such other +places as may offer profitable exchanges both to China and +the United States, provided they do not break your laws +or our laws. We shall not take the part of the evil doers. +We shall not uphold them that break your laws. Therefore +we doubt that you will be pleased that our messenger +of peace, with this letter in hand, shall come to Pekin and +there deliver it, and that your great officers will, by your +order, make a treaty with him to regulate the affairs of +trade, so that nothing may happen to disturb the peace +between China and America. Let the treaty be signed by +your own imperial hand. It shall be signed by mine, by +the authority of the great council, the Senate.</p> + +<p>And so may your health be good and may peace reign.</p> + +<p>Written at Washington this twelfth day of July, in the +year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and forty-three.</p> + +<p class='indent3'>Your good friend,</p> + +<p class='indent4'> +<span class="smcap">John Tyler</span>,<br /> + President.</p> +</div> + +<p>Mr. Cushing accordingly negotiated our first treaty +with China on the 3d of July of the following year, and +his ability at that time, as well as thereafter, won for him, +irrespective of party affiliations, an enviable place in the +history of American diplomacy. He was sent upon his +mission to Spain in 1874 by the party which he had opposed +from its first organization, and his diplomatic erudition +was indispensable to the State Department during +the Grant administration.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_255" id="Page_255">[255]</a></span></p> + +<p>Certain events in the career of Mr. Cushing serve to +recall the days of Mr. and Mrs. Franklin Pierce, whose +lives were clouded by a grief that saddened the whole of +their subsequent career. A short time before Pierce's inauguration, +the President-elect with Mrs. Pierce and their +only son, a lad of immature years, were on their way to +Andover in Massachusetts, when the child was accidentally +killed. Mrs. Pierce never could be diverted from her +all-absorbing sorrow, and I shall always remember the +grief-stricken expression of this first Lady of the Land. +Her maiden name was Jane Means Appleton, and she was +the daughter of the Rev. Dr. Jesse Appleton, President of +Bowdoin College. During the Pierce administration, +Judge John Cadwalader, the father of the present John +Cadwalader of Philadelphia, was a member of Congress. +The son was then a mere lad, but he bore such a strong +resemblance to the President's son that one day when Mrs. +Pierce met him she was completely overcome. After this +boy had become a man and had attained exceptional +eminence at the bar, he feelingly alluded to this touching +incident of his earlier days.</p> + +<p>I was very intimately acquainted with Elizabeth and +Fanny MacNeil, President Pierce's nieces, who were occasional +visitors at the White House. They were daughters +of General John MacNeil, U.S.A., who had acquitted himself +with distinction in the War of 1812. Elizabeth married, +as before stated, General Henry W. Benham of the +Engineer Corps of the Army, and Fanny became the wife +of Colonel Chandler E. Potter, U.S.A. Dr. Thomas +Miller was our family physician for many years. He came +to Washington from Loudoun County, Virginia, and married +Miss Virginia Collins Jones, daughter of Walter +Jones, an eminent lawyer. During the Pierce administration +he was physician to the President's family.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_256" id="Page_256">[256]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER XI</h2> + +<h3>MARRIAGE AND CONTINUED LIFE IN WASHINGTON</h3> + + +<p>I met my future father-in-law, Samuel L. Gouverneur, +Sr., for the first time in Cold Spring, New York. +Mr. Gouverneur, accompanied by his second wife, +then a bride, who was Miss Mary Digges Lee, of Needwood, +Frederick County, Maryland, and a granddaughter +of Thomas Sim Lee, second Governor of the same state, +was the guest of Gouverneur Kemble. When I first knew +Mr. Gouverneur he possessed every gift that fortune as +well as nature can bestow. To quote the words of Eliab +Kingman, a lifelong friend of his and who for many years +was the Nestor of the Washington press, "he even possessed +a seductive voice." General Scott, prior to my +marriage into the family, remarked to me that there "was +something in Mr. Gouverneur lacking of greatness."</p> + +<p>The history of my husband's family is so well known +that it seems almost superfluous to dwell upon it, but, as +these reminiscences are purely personal, I may at least +incidentally refer to it. Samuel L. Gouverneur, Sr., was +the youngest child of Nicholas Gouverneur and his wife, +Hester Kortright, a daughter of Lawrence Kortright, a +prominent merchant of New York and at one time president +of its Chamber of Commerce. He was graduated +from Columbia College in New York in the class of 1817, +and married his first cousin, Maria Hester Monroe, the +younger daughter of James Monroe. This wedding took +place in the East Room of the White House. My husband, +Samuel L. Gouverneur, Jr., was the youngest child<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_257" id="Page_257">[257]</a></span> +of this alliance. <i>The National Intelligencer</i> of March 11, +1820, contained the following brief marriage notice:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p class='center'><i>Married</i></p> + +<p>On Thursday evening last [March 9th], in this City, by +the Reverend Mr. [William] Hawley, Samuel Laurence +Gouverneur, Esq., of New York, to Miss Maria Hester +Monroe, youngest daughter of James Monroe, President of +the United States.</p></div> + +<p>For a number of years Samuel L. Gouverneur, Sr., was +private secretary to his father-in-law, President Monroe. +In 1825 he was a member of the New York Legislature, +and from 1828 to 1836 Postmaster of the City of New +York. For many years, like the gentlemen of his day and +class, he was much interested in racehorses and at one time +owned the famous horse, <i>Post Boy</i>. He was also deeply +interested in the drama and it was partially through his +efforts that many brilliant stars were brought to this country +to perform at the Bowery Theater in New York, of +which he was a partial owner. Among its other owners +were Prosper M. Wetmore, the well-known author and regent +of the University of the State of New York, and +General James A. Hamilton, son of Alexander Hamilton +and acting Secretary of State in 1829, under Jackson. +Mr. Gouverneur was a man of decidedly social tastes and +at one period of his life owned and occupied the De Menou +buildings on H Street in Washington, where, during the +life of his first wife, he gave some brilliant entertainments. +It was from this house that his son, and my future husband, +went to the Mexican War. Many years subsequent to my +marriage I heard Rear Admiral John J. Almy, U.S.N., +describe some of the entertainments given by the Gouverneur +family, and he usually wound up his reminiscences +by informing me that sixteen baskets of champagne +were frequently consumed by the guests during a single +evening. My old friend, Emily Mason, loved to refer to +these parties and told me that she made her <i>début</i> at one<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_258" id="Page_258">[258]</a></span> +of them. The house was well adapted for entertainments, +as there were four spacious drawing-rooms, two on each +side of a long hall, one side being reserved for dancing.</p> + +<p>At the time of the Gouverneur-Monroe wedding the +bride was but sixteen years of age, and many years younger +than her only sister, Eliza, who was the wife of Judge +George Hay of Virginia, the United States District-Attorney +of that State, and the prosecuting officer at the trial +of Aaron Burr. Mrs. Hay was educated in Paris at +Madame Campan's celebrated school, where she was the +associate and friend of Hortense de Beauharnais, subsequently +the Queen of Holland and the mother of Napoleon +III. The Rev. Dr. William Hawley, who performed +the marriage ceremony of Miss Monroe and Mr. Gouverneur, +was the rector of old St. John's Church in Washington. +He was a gentleman of the old school and always +wore knee breeches and shoe buckles. In the War of 1812 +he commanded a company of divinity students in New +York, enlisted for the protection of the city. It is said +that when ordered to the frontier he refused to go and +resigned his commission, and I have heard that Commodore +Stephen Decatur refused to attend St. John's Church +during his rectorship, because he said he did not care to +listen to a man who refused to obey orders.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 316px;"><a name="img7" id="img7"></a> +<a href="images/img07.jpg"><img src="images/img07th.jpg" width="316" height="400" alt="Mrs. James Monroe, née Kortright, by Benjamin West. +Original portrait owned by Mrs. Gouverneur." title="" /></a> +<span class="caption">Mrs. James Monroe, née Kortright, by Benjamin West.<br /></span> +<span class='caption2'><i>Original portrait owned by Mrs. Gouverneur.</i></span> +</div> + +<p>Only the relatives and personal friends attended the +Gouverneur-Monroe wedding at the White House; even +the members of the Cabinet were not invited. The gallant +General Thomas S. Jesup, one of the heroes of the +War of 1812 and Subsistance Commissary General of the +Army, acted as groomsman to Mr. Gouverneur. Two of +his daughters, Mrs. James Blair and Mrs. Augustus S. +Nicholson, still reside at the National Capital and are +prominent "old Washingtonians." After this quiet wedding, +Mr. and Mrs. Gouverneur left Washington upon a bridal +tour and about a week later returned to the White +House, where, at a reception, Mrs. Monroe gave up her<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_259" id="Page_259">[259]</a></span> +place as hostess to mingle with her guests, while Mrs. Gouverneur +received in her place. Commodore and Mrs. Stephen +Decatur, who lived on Lafayette Square, gave the +bride her first ball, and two mornings later, on the twenty-second +of March, 1820, Decatur fought his fatal duel with +Commodore James Barron and was brought home a corpse. +"The bridal festivities," wrote Mrs. William Winston +Seaton, wife of the editor of <i>The National Intelligencer</i>, +"have received a check which will prevent any further +attentions to the President's family, in the murder of +Decatur." The invitations already sent out for an entertainment +in honor of the bride and groom by Commodore +David Porter, father of the late Admiral David D. Porter, +U.S.N., were immediately countermanded.</p> + +<p>I never had the pleasure of knowing my mother-in-law, +Mrs. Maria Hester Monroe Gouverneur, as she died some +years before my marriage, but I learned to revere her +through her son, whose tender regard for her was one of +the absorbing affections of his life and changed the whole +direction of his career. At an early age he was appointed +a Lieutenant in the regular Army and served with distinction +through the Mexican War in the Fourth Artillery. +On one occasion subsequent to that conflict, while his +mother was suffering from a protracted illness, he applied +to the War Department for leave of absence in order that +he might visit her sick bed; and when it was not granted +he resigned his commission and thus sacrificed an enviable +position to his sense of filial duty. Many years later, +after my husband's decease, in looking over his papers +I found these lines written by him just after his mother's +death:—</p> + +<p>"A man through life has but <i>one</i> true friend and that +friend generally leaves him early. Man enters the lists +of life but ere he has fought his way far that friend falls +by his side; he never finds another so fond, so true, so +faithful to the last—<i>His Mother</i>!"<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_260" id="Page_260">[260]</a></span></p> + +<p>Mrs. Gouverneur was somewhat literary in her tastes +and, like many others of her time, regarded it as an accomplishment +to express herself in verse on sentimental +occasions. One of my daughters, whom she never saw, +owns the original manuscript of the following lines written +as a tribute of friendship to the daughter of President +John Tyler, at the time of her marriage:—</p> + + +<p class='center'>TO MISS TYLER ON HER WEDDING DAY.</p> +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">The day, the happy day, has come<br /></span> +<span class="i1">That gives you to your lover's arms;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Check not the tear or rising bloom<br /></span> +<span class="i1">That springs from all those strange alarms.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">To be a blest and happy wife<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Is what all women wish to prove;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And may you know through all your life<br /></span> +<span class="i1">The dear delights of wedded love.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">'Tis not strange that you should feel<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Confused in every thought and feeling;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Your bosom heave, the tear should steal<br /></span> +<span class="i1">At thoughts of all the friends you're leaving.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Happy girl may your life prove,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">All sunshine, joy and purest pleasure;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">One long, long day of happy love,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Your husband's joy, his greatest treasure.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Be to him all that woman ought,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">In joy and health and every sorrow;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Let his true pleasures be only sought<br /></span> +<span class="i1">With you to-day, with you to-morrow.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Believe not that in palace walls<br /></span> +<span class="i1">'Tis only there that joy you'll find;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">At home with friends in your own halls<br /></span> +<span class="i1">There's more content and peace of mind.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">More splendor you may find 'tis true,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">And glitter, show, and elevation,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">But if the world of you speak true,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">You prize not wealth or this high station.<br /></span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_261" id="Page_261">[261]</a></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Your heart's too pure, your mind too high,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">To prize such empty pomp and state;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">You leave such scenes without a sigh<br /></span> +<span class="i1">To court the joys that on you wait.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>After meeting Mr. and Mrs. Gouverneur, my future +husband's father and his second wife, at Cold Spring, I +renewed my acquaintance with them in Washington, +where they were living in an old-fashioned house on New +York Avenue, between Fourteenth and Fifteenth Streets. +We often welcomed Mrs. Gouverneur as a guest at our +Washington home and I was subsequently invited to visit +her at their country seat, Needwood, Frederick County, +Maryland, located upon a tract of land chiefly composed +of large farms at one time owned exclusively by the Lee +family. I quote Mrs. Gouverneur's graceful letter of invitation:—</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>My dear Miss Campbell,</p> + +<p>I can not refrain from writing to remind you of your +promise to us; this must be about the time fixed upon, (at +least we all feel as if it was), and the season is so delightful, +not to mention the strawberries which will be in great +perfection this week—these reasons, together with our +great desire to see you, determined me to give you warning +that we are surely expecting you, and hope to hear +very soon from you to say when we may send to the <i>Knoxville</i> +depot for you. I would be so much gratified if Mrs. +Eames would come with you; it would give us all the sincerest +pleasure, and I do not think that such a journey +would be injurious. You leave Washington to come here +on the early (6 o'clock) train, get out at the Relay House, +and wait until the western cars pass, (about 8 o'clock), +get into them, and reach Knoxville at 12 o'clock. So you +see that altogether you have only six hours, and you rest +more than half an hour at the Relay House. From Knoxville +our carriage brings you to "Needwood" in less than +an hour. If there is any gentleman you would like to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_262" id="Page_262">[262]</a></span> +come as an escort Mr. G. and myself will be most happy +to see him. Dr. Jones, you know, does intend to travel +about a little and said he would come to see us; perhaps +he will come with you, or Mr. Hibbard I should be most +happy to see—anyone in short whom you choose to bring +will be most welcome. Tell Mr. Hibbard I read his speech +and admired it as I presume everyone does. Good-bye, +dear Miss Campbell. I hope you will aid me in persuading +Mrs. Eames to come with you. My warmest regards +to Mrs. Campbell and your sisters, in which my sister +[Mrs. Eugene H. Lynch] and Mr. Gouverneur unite.</p> + +<p class='indent3'>Believe me, yours most truly,</p> + +<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">M. D. Gouverneur</span>.</p> + +<p>Needwood, May 22nd, 1854.</p></div> + +<p>I accepted the invitation and, while I was Mrs. Gouverneur's +guest, my sister Margaret was visiting one of the +adjoining places at the home of Colonel John Lee, whose +wife's maiden name was Harriet Carroll. She was a +granddaughter of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, and their +home was the former residence of another ancestor, Governor +Thomas Sim Lee of Maryland. During my visit +at Needwood I renewed the acquaintance of my future +husband, which I had formed a number of years before at +the wedding of Miss Fanny Monroe and Douglas Robinson, +of which I have previously spoken. It is unnecessary +to refer to his appearance, which I have already described, +but I am sure it is not unnatural for me to add +that a year after the conclusion of the Mexican War he was +brevetted for gallantry and meritorious conduct in the +battles of Contreras and Churubusco. While his general +bearing spoke well for his military training, his mind was +a storehouse of information which I learned to appreciate +more and more as the years rolled by. But of all his fine +characteristics I valued and revered him most for his fine +sense of honor and sterling integrity. Like his mother, +Mr. Gouverneur was literary in his tastes and occasionally<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_263" id="Page_263">[263]</a></span> +gave vent to his feelings in verse. In 1852 Oak Hill, the +stately old Monroe place in Virginia where he had spent +much of his early life, was about to pass out of the family. +He was naturally much distressed over the sale of +the home so intimately associated with his childhood's +memory, and a few days prior to his final departure wrote +the following lines. In after years nothing could ever +induce him to visit Oak Hill.</p> + + +<p class='center'>FAREWELL TO OAK HILL, 1852, ON DEPARTING THENCE.</p> +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">The autumn rains are falling fast,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Earth, the heavens are overcast;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The rushing winds mournful sigh,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Whispering, alas! good-bye;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">To each fond remembrance farewell and forever,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Oak Hill I depart to return to thee never!<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">The mighty oaks beneath whose shade<br /></span> +<span class="i0">In boyhood's happier hours I've played,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Bend to the mountain blast's wild sweep,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Scattering spray they seem to weep;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">To each moss-grown tree farewell and forever,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Oak Hill I depart to return to thee never!<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">The little mound now wild o'ergrown,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">On the bosom of which my tears have oft flown,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Where my mother beside her mother lies sleeping,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">O'er them the rank grass, bright dew drops are weeping;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">To that hallowed spot farewell and forever,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Oak Hill I depart to return to thee never!<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Oh, home of my boyhood, why must I depart?<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Tears I am shedding and wild throbs my heart;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Home of my manhood, oh! would I had died<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And lain me to rest by my dead mother's side,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Ere my tongue could have uttered farewell and forever,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Oak Hill I depart to return to thee never!<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>Mr. Gouverneur's pathetic allusion to the graves of his +mother and grandmother affords me an opportunity of +saying that in 1903 the Legislature of Virginia appropri<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_264" id="Page_264">[264]</a></span>ated +a sum of money sufficient to remove the remains of +Mrs. Monroe and her daughter, Mrs. Gouverneur, from +Oak Hill. They now rest in Hollywood Cemetery, Richmond, +Virginia, on opposite sides of the grave of James +Monroe.</p> + +<p>The friendship of Mr. Gouverneur and myself ripened +into a deep affection, and the winter following my visit +to Needwood we announced our engagement. I was +warmly welcomed into the Gouverneur family, as will appear +from the following letter:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>I can not longer defer, my dear Marian, expressing the +great gratification I experienced when Sam informed me +of his happiness in having gained your heart. It is most +agreeable to me that you of all the women I know should +be the object of his choice. How little I anticipated such +a result from the short visit you made us last summer. +Sam is in an Elysium of bliss. I have lately had a charming +letter from him, of course all about his lady love. I +think you too have every reason to anticipate a life of +happiness, not more marred than we must all look for in +this world. Sam is very warm-hearted and affectionate +and possesses a fine mind, as you know, and when he marries, +you will have nothing to wish for. These are his +own sentiments and I assure you I entirely agree with +him.</p> + +<p>Mr. Gouverneur is greatly gratified and both wrote and +told me how nobly you expressed yourself to him.</p> + +<p>I am going to Baltimore to-day to meet Mr. G. and perhaps +may go to Washington. If I do you will see me +soon after I arrive there. I feel as if I should like so +much to talk to my future daughter. I take the warmest +interest in everything concerning Sam's happiness, and +my heart is now overflowing with thankfulness to you for +having contributed so much to it.</p> + +<p>Please remember me in the kindest manner to your +mother, whose warm hospitality I have not forgotten, and +to the girls. My sincere congratulations to Margaret who<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_265" id="Page_265">[265]</a></span> +Mary [Lee] writes me is as happy as the day is long. +Ellen desires me to present her congratulations to you and +Margaret.</p> + +<p class='indent3'>Believe me, very sincerely yours,</p> + +<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">M. D. Gouverneur</span>.</p> + +<p>Needwood, Feb. 14th.</p></div> + +<p>I was married in Washington in the old G Street house, +and the occasion was made especially festive by the presence +of many friends from out of town. We were married +by the Rev. Dr. Smith Pyne, rector of St. John's +Episcopal Church, and I recall his nervous state of mind, +owing to the fact that he had forgotten to inquire whether +a marriage license had been procured; but when he was +assured that everything was in due form he was quite +himself again. Among those who came from New York +to attend the wedding were General Scott; my father's +old friend and associate, Hugh Maxwell; his daughter, +now the wife of Rear Admiral John H. Upshur, +U.S.N.; and Miss Sally Strother and her mother. Miss +Emily Harper and Mrs. Solomon B. Davies, who was Miss +Bettie Monroe, my husband's relative, came from Baltimore +and, of course, Mr. and Mrs. Gouverneur and Miss +Mary Lee from Needwood were also present.</p> + +<p>My own family circle was small, as my sister, Mrs. +Eames, and her young children were in Venezuela, where +her husband was the U.S. Minister; but I was married in +the presence of my mother, my two younger sisters, Margaret +and Charlotte, and my brothers, James and Malcolm. +Mr. Gouverneur's only sister, Elizabeth, who some +years before had married Dr. Henry Lee Heiskell, Assistant +Surgeon General of the Army, accompanied by her +husband and son, the late James Monroe Heiskell, of Baltimore, +a handsome and promising youth, were also there. +Among the other guests were Charles Sumner, Caleb Cushing +and Stephen A. Douglas, none of whom at that time<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_266" id="Page_266">[266]</a></span> +were married; Peter Grayson Washington, then Assistant +Secretary of the Treasury, and a relative of my husband; +Miss Katharine Maria Wright, who shortly thereafter +married Baron J. C. Gevers, <i>Chargé d'affaires</i> from Holland; +her brother, Edward Wright, of Newark; John G. +Floyd of Long Island; James Guthrie, Secretary of the +Treasury, and his two daughters; William L. Marcy, Secretary +of State, and his wife; their daughter, Miss Cornelia +Marcy, subsequently Mrs. Edmund Pendleton; Baron +von Grabow and Alexandre Gau of the Prussian Legation, +the latter of whom married my sister, Margaret, the +following year; Mr. and Mrs. William T. Carroll; Lieutenant +(subsequently Rear Admiral) James S. Palmer +of the Navy; Jerome E. Kidder of Boston, and General +William J. Hardee, U.S.A.</p> + +<p>A few days before my marriage I received the following +letter from Edward Everett:—</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p class='right'><span class="smcap">Boston</span>, 23 Feb.</p> + +<p>My dear Miss Campbell,</p> + +<p>I had much pleasure in receiving this morning Mrs. +Campbell's invitation and your kind note of the 20th. I +am greatly indebted to you for remembering me on an +occasion of so much interest and importance, and I beg +to offer you my sincere congratulations.</p> + +<p>Greatly would it rejoice me to be able to avail myself +of your invitation to be present at your nuptials.</p> + +<p>But the state of my health and of my family makes +this impossible. But I shall certainly be with you in +spirit, and with cordial wishes for your happiness.</p> + +<p>Praying my kindest remembrance to your mother and +sisters, I remain,</p> + +<p class='indent2'>my dear Miss Campbell,</p> + +<p class='indent3'>Sincerely your friend,</p> + +<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">Edward Everett</span>.</p> + +<p>P.S. I suppose you saw in the papers a day or two +ago that poor Miss Russell is gone.</p></div> + +<p>The Miss Russell referred to by Mr. Everett was Miss<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_267" id="Page_267">[267]</a></span> +Ida Russell, one of three handsome and brilliant sisters +prominent in Boston in the society of the day.</p> + +<p>Soon after my marriage my husband and I made a +round of visits to his numerous family connections. It +is with more than usual pleasure that I recall the beautiful +old home of Mr. Gouverneur's aunt, Mrs. Thomas Cadwalader, +near Trenton, which a few years later was destroyed +by fire. A guest of the Cadwaladers at the same +time with ourselves was my husband's first cousin, the +Rev. Robert Livingston Tillotson of New York, who studied +for the Episcopal ministry and subsequently entered +the Roman Catholic priesthood.</p> + +<p>From Trenton, we journeyed to Yonkers, New York, to +visit the Van Cortlandt family at the historic manor-house +in that vicinity. It was then owned and occupied by Mr. +Gouverneur's relatives, Dr. Edward N. Bibby and his son, +Augustus, the latter of whom had recently changed his +name from Bibby to Van Cortlandt, as a consideration for +the inheritance of this fine old estate. Dr. Bibby married +Miss Augusta White of the Van Cortlandt descent, and +for many years was a prominent physician in New York +City. When I visited the family, he had retired from +active practice and was enjoying a serene old age surrounded +by his children and grandchildren. Henry Warburton +Bibby, the Doctor's second son, was also one of +this household at the time of our visit. He never married +but retained his social tastes until his death a few +years ago.</p> + +<p>In the drawing-room of the Van Cortlandt home stood +a superb pair of brass andirons in the form of lions, which +had been presented to Mrs. Augustus Van Cortlandt by +my husband's mother as a bridal present. They had been +brought by James Monroe upon his return from France, +where he had been sent upon his historic diplomatic mission +by Washington. The style of life led by the Van +Cortlandt family was fascinating to me as, even at this<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_268" id="Page_268">[268]</a></span> +late date, they clung to many of the old family customs +inherited from their ancestors. Our next visit was to the +cottage of William Kemble in Cold Spring, and it seemed +to me like returning to an old and familiar haunt. My +marriage into the Gouverneur family added another link +in the chain of friendship attaching me to the members +of the Kemble family, as they were relatives of my husband. +I was entertained while there by the whole family +connection, and I recall with especial pleasure the dinner +parties at Gouverneur Kemble's and at Mrs. Robert P. +Parrott's. Martin Van Buren was visiting "Uncle Gouv" +at the time, and I was highly gratified to meet him again, +as his presence not only revived memories of childhood's +days during my father's lifetime in New York, but also +materially assisted in rendering the entertainments given +in my honor at Cold Spring unusually delightful. From +Cold Spring we drove to The Grange, near Garrison's, another +homestead familiar to me in former days, and the +residence of Frederick Philipse, where I renewed my acquaintance +with old friends who now greeted me as a relative. +At this beautiful home I saw a pair of andirons +even handsomer than those at the Van Cortlandt mansion. +They were at least two feet high and represented trumpeters. +The historic house was replete with ancestral furniture +and fine old portraits, one of which was attributed to +Vandyke.</p> + +<p>The whole Philipse and Gouverneur connection at Garrison's +were devoted Episcopalians and were largely instrumental +in building a fine church at Garrison's, which +they named St. Philips. In more recent years a congregation +of prominent families has worshiped in this edifice—among +others, the Fishes, Ardens, Livingstons, Osborns +and Sloanes. For many years the beloved rector +of this church was the Rev. Dr. Charles F. Hoffman, a +gentleman of great wealth and much scholarly ability. +He and his brother, the late Rev. Dr. Eugene A. Hoffman,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_269" id="Page_269">[269]</a></span> +Dean of the General Theological Seminary in New York, +devoted their lives and fortunes to the cause of religion. +Residents of New York are familiar with All Angels +Church, built by the late Rev. Dr. Charles F. Hoffman +on West End Avenue, of which he was rector for a number +of years. During his life at Garrison's, both Dr. and +Mrs. Hoffman were very acceptable to my husband's relatives, +especially as the Doctor was connected with the family +by right of descent from a Gouverneur forbear. +Charles F. Hoffman married Miss Eleanor Louisa Vail, a +daughter of David M. Vail of New Brunswick, New Jersey, +who in every way proved herself an able helpmeet to him. +Mrs. Hoffman was educated at Miss Hannah Hoyt's +school in New Brunswick, a fashionable institution of the +day, and at a reunion of the scholars held in recent years, +she was mentioned in the following appropriate manner: +"Nearly half a century ago, in the well-known Miss Hoyt's +school, was Eleanor Louisa Vail who was noted for her +good lessons and considerate ways towards all. She never +overlooked those who were less fortunate than herself, but +gave aid to any who needed it, either in their lessons or +in a more substantial form. In the wider circle of New +York the benevolent Mrs. Hoffman, the wife of the late +generous rector of All Angels Church, but fulfilled the +promise made by the beautiful girl of former days." Mr. +and Mrs. Charles F. Hoffman's daughter, Mrs. J. Van +Vechten Olcott, is as beloved in her generation as her +mother was before her.</p> + +<p>Samuel Mongan Warburton Gouverneur, a younger +brother of Frederick Philipse, was living at The Grange +at the time of my visit. Some years later he built a handsome +house in the neighborhood which he called "Eagle's +Rest," and resided there with his sister, Miss Mary Marston +Gouverneur. After his death, the place was sold to the +late Louis Fitzgerald, who made it his home.</p> + +<p>After six months spent in the mountainous regions of<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_270" id="Page_270">[270]</a></span> +Maryland, not far from Cumberland, on property owned +by my husband's family, Mr. Gouverneur and I returned +to Washington and began our married life in my mother's +home. Soon after we had settled down, my eldest daughter +was born. The death of my sister, Mrs. Alexandre +Gau, from typhoid fever soon followed. It was naturally +a terrible shock to us all and especially to me, as we were +near of an age and our lives had been side by side from +infancy. My mother, in her great affliction, broke up her +home and Mr. Gouverneur and I rented a house on +Twelfth Street, near N Street, a locality then regarded as +quite suburban. Here I endeavored to live in the closest +retirement, as the meeting with friends of former days +only served to bring my sorrow more keenly before me.</p> + +<p>Meanwhile my whole life was devoted to the little girl +whom we had named Maud Campbell, and who, of course, +had become "part and parcel" of my quiet life. Mr. +Gouverneur was the last surviving member of his family +in the male line, and the whole family connection was looking +to me to perpetuate his name. Soon after the birth +of my daughter my husband received the following characteristic +letter from Mr. Gouverneur's aunt, Mrs. David +Johnstone Verplanck, who before her marriage was Louisa +A. Gouverneur, a gifted woman whose home was in New +York:</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p class='right'><span class="smcap">Thursday</span>, April 10th.</p> + +<p>My dear Sam,</p> + +<p>In return for your kind recollections I hasten to offer +my most sincere congratulations to yourself and Mrs. G. +As husband and father you have now realized all the romance +of life, the pleasures of which I have little doubt +you already begin to feel deeply intermingled with many +anxious hours. It is wisest and best to enjoy all that good +fortune sends and fortify ourselves to meet and endure +the trials to which our Destiny has allotted.</p> + +<p>Tell Mrs. G. that we must send for the girdle the old +woman sent the Empress Eugénie. She had a succession<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_271" id="Page_271">[271]</a></span> +of seven sons, and requested her to wear it for luck. As +it was very dirty the royal lady sent it back. It might be +procured and undergo the purifying influence of water. +All I can say at present to console your disappointment +I hope a son will soon consummate all your joys and +wishes. You know it rests with you to keep the name of +Gouverneur in the land of the living. It is nearly extinct +and you its only salvation.</p> + +<p>I regret to hear your father is unwell at Barnum's +[Hotel, Baltimore]. I hope he will soon be with us. I +long to see him.</p> + +<p class='indent3'>Believe me always your friend,</p> + +<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">Louisa Verplanck</span>.</p></div> + +<p>I also append a letter received by Mr. Gouverneur from +Mrs. William Kemble (Margaret Chatham Seth), which +recalled many tender associations.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p class='right'><span class="smcap">New York</span> 11th April.</p> + +<p>I need not tell you, my dear friend, how much we were +all gratified by your kind remembrance of us, in the midst +of your own anxiety and joy, to give us the first news of +our dear Marian's safety. Give my very best love to her +and a kiss to Miss Gouverneur with whom I hope to be +better acquainted hereafter.</p> + +<p>Mr. and Mrs. Nourse with our dear little Charlie left +us yesterday for Washington. You will probably see them +before you receive this. I feel assured that Marian is +blessed in being with her mother who has every experience +necessary for her. Therefore it is idle for me to give my +advice but I must say, keep her quiet, not to be too smart +or anxious to show her baby—at first—and she will be +better able to do it afterwards. May God bless you all +three and that this dear pledge committed to your charge +be to you both every comfort and joy that your anxious +hearts can wish. Please to give my best regards and +wishes to Mrs. Campbell and her daughter from</p> + +<p class='indent3'>your sincerely attached friend and cousin,</p> + +<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">M. C. Kemble</span>.</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_272" id="Page_272">[272]</a></span></p> + +<p>On the corner of Fourteenth and P Streets, and not far +from our home, was the residence of Eliab Kingman, an +intimate friend of Mr. Gouverneur's father. This locality, +now such a business center, was decidedly rural, and +Mr. Kingman's quaint and old-fashioned house was in the +middle of a small farm. It was an oddly constructed +dwelling and the interior was made unusually attractive +by its wealth of curios, among which was a large collection +of Indian relics. After his death I attended an +auction held in the old home and I remember that these +curiosities were purchased by Ben Perley Poore, the well-known +journalist. Although many years his senior, my +husband found Mr. Kingman and his home a source of +great pleasure to him, and he formed an attachment for +his father's early friend which lasted through life. The +Kingman house was the rendezvous of both literary and +political circles. William H. Seward was one of its frequent +visitors and I once heard him wittily remark that it +might appropriately be worshiped, as it resembled nothing +"that is in the Heaven above, or in the earth beneath, +or the water under the earth." For a number of years +Mr. Kingman was a correspondent of <i>The Baltimore Sun</i> +under the <i>nom de plume</i> of "Ion." His communications +were entirely confined to political topics and he was such +a skilled diplomatist that the adherents of either party, +after perusing them, might easily recognize him as their +own advocate. Thomas Seaton Donoho, of whom I shall +speak presently, was a warm friend of Mr. Kingman and +the constant recipient of his hospitality. Among his +poems is a graceful sonnet entitled</p> + + +<p class='indent4'>E. KINGMAN.</p> +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Ever will I remember with delight<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Strawberry Knoll; not for the berries red,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">As, ere my time, the vines were out of bed,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And gone; but many a day and many a night<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Have given me argument to love it well,<br /></span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_273" id="Page_273">[273]</a></span> +<span class="i1">Whether in Summer, 'neath its perfumed shade,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Whether by moonlight's magic wand arrayed,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Or when in Winter's lap the rose leaves fell,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">For pleasant faces ever there were found,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">For genial welcome ever met me there,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And thou, my friend, when thought went smiling round,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Madest her calm look, reflecting thine, more fair.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Those who have known thee as a Statesman, know<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Thy noon-day: I have felt thy great heart's sunset glow!<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>Mr. Kingman married Miss Cordelia Ewell of Virginia, +a relative of General Richard S. Ewell of the Confederate +Army. She was in some respects a remarkable +character, a "dyed-in-the-wool" Southerner and a woman +of unusual personal charm and ability. In dress, manner +and general appearance she presented a fitting reminder +of the <i>grande dame</i> of long ago. Her style of dress reminded +one of the Quaker school. Her gray gown with +a white kerchief crossed neatly upon her breast and her +gray hair with puffs clustered around her ears, together +with her quaint manner of courtesying as she greeted her +guests, suggested the familiar setting of an old-fashioned +picture. She was an accomplished performer upon the +harp as well as an authority upon old English literature. +In all the years I knew her I never heard of her leaving +her house. She had no children and her constant companion +was a venerable parrot.</p> + +<p>John Savage, familiarly known as "Jack" Savage, was +an intimate friend of the Kingmans and also a frequent +guest of ours. He was an Irish patriot of 1848 and was +remarkable for his versatility. He had a fine voice, and I +remember seeing him on one occasion hold his audience +spell-bound while singing "The Temptation of St. Anthony." +He was an accomplished journalist and the +author of several books, one of which, "The Modern Revolutionary +History and Literature of Ireland," has been +pronounced the best work extant "on the last great revolutionary +era of the Irish race."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_274" id="Page_274">[274]</a></span></p> + +<p>After the Civil War I often met at Mr. Kingman's +house General Benjamin F. Butler, whose withering gift +of sarcasm is still remembered. Simon Cameron, Lincoln's +first Secretary of War, was also a frequent visitor there. +He was an unusually genial and cordial gentleman, and +some years later Mr. Kingman and my husband, upon his +urgent invitation, visited him at his handsome country +place, Lochiel, in Pennsylvania. His fine graperies made +such a vivid impression upon my husband that his description +of them almost enabled me to see the luscious +fruit itself before me.</p> + +<p>My old friends, Purser Horatio Bridge, U.S.N., and +his wife, lived on the corner of K and Fourteenth Streets +at a hotel then known as the Rugby House. Mrs. Bridge +was a sister of the famous beauty, Miss Emily Marshall, +who married Harrison Gray Otis of Boston. Mr. Bridge, +while on the active list, had been stationed for a time in +Washington and, finding the life congenial and attractive, +returned here after his retirement and with his wife made +his home at the Rugby House. While there the hotel was +offered for sale and was bought by Mr. Bridge, who enlarged +it and changed its name to The Hamilton, in compliment +to Mrs. Hamilton Holly, an intimate friend of +Mrs. Bridge and the daughter of Alexander Hamilton. +Mrs. Holly, my old and cherished friend, lived in a picturesque +cottage on I Street, on the site of the present +Russian embassy, where so many years later the wife and +daughter of Benjamin F. Tracy, Harrison's Secretary of +the Navy, lost their lives in a fire that destroyed the house. +Among the attractions of this home was a remarkable collection +of Hamilton relics which subsequent to Mrs. Holly's +death was sold at public auction. The sale, however, did +not attract any particular attention, as the craze for antiques +had not yet developed and the souvenir fiend was +then unknown.</p> + +<p>It was while I was living on Twelfth Street that I first<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_275" id="Page_275">[275]</a></span> +met Miss Margaret Edes, so well known in after years to +Washingtonians. She was visiting her relatives, the Donoho +family, which lived in my immediate vicinity. Her +host's father was connected with <i>The National Intelligencer</i>, +and the son, Thomas Seaton Donoho, was named +after William Winston Seaton, one of its editors. Thomas +Seaton Donoho was a truly interesting character. He was +decidedly romantic in his ideas and many incidents of his +life were curiously associated with the ivy vine. He +planted a sprig of it in front of his three-story house, +which was built very much upon the plan of every other +dwelling in the neighborhood, and called his abode "Ivy +Hall"; while his property in the vicinity of Washington +he named "Ivy City," a locality so well known to-day by +the same name to the sporting fraternity. His book of +poems, published in Washington in 1860, is entitled "Ivy-wall"; +and, to cap the climax, when a girl was born into +the Donoho family she was baptized in mid-ocean as "Atlantic +May Ivy." In addition to his poems, he published, +in 1850, a drama in three acts, entitled, "Goldsmith of Padua," +and two years later "Oliver Cromwell," a tragedy +in five acts.</p> + +<p>Soon after my marriage, Mr. Gouverneur acted as one +of the pallbearers at the funeral of his early friend, Gales +Seaton, the son of William Winston Seaton, and a most +accomplished man of affairs. In those days honorary pallbearers +were unknown and the coffin was borne to the +grave by those with whom the deceased had been most intimately +associated. The Seatons owned a family vault, +and the body was carried down into it by Mr. Seaton's old +friends. After the funeral I heard Mr. Gouverneur speak +of observing a coffin which held the remains of Mrs. Francis +Schroeder, who was Miss Caroline Seaton, and whose +husband, the father of Rear Admiral Seaton Schroeder, +U.S.N., was at one time U.S. Minister to Sweden and +Norway. Seaton Munroe, a nephew of Gales Seaton, was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_276" id="Page_276">[276]</a></span> +prominent in Washington society. He never married and +many persons regarded him as the Ward McAllister of the +Capital. When Colonel Sanford C. Kellogg, U.S.A., then +military <i>attaché</i> of the U.S. Embassy in Paris, heard of +Munroe's death, he wrote to a mutual friend: "I do not +believe the man lives who has done more for the happiness +and welfare of others than Seaton Munroe." He was one +of the prominent founders of the Metropolitan Club, +which commenced its career in the old Morris house on the +corner of Vermont Avenue and H Street; and later, when +it moved to the Graham residence on the corner of Fifteenth +and H Streets, he continued to be one of its most +popular and influential members.</p> + +<p>In April, 1858, occurred the famous Gwin ball, so readily +recalled by old Washingtonians. It was a fancy-dress +affair, and it was the intention of Senator and Mrs. William +McKendree Gwin of California that it should be the +most brilliant of its kind that the National Capital had +ever known. Of course Mr. Gouverneur and I did not attend, +owing to my deep mourning, but I shall always remember +the pleasure and amusement we derived in dressing +Mr. Kingman for the occasion. We decked him out +in the old court dress which Mr. Gouverneur's grandfather, +James Monroe, wore during his diplomatic mission +in France. As luck would have it the suit fitted him perfectly, +and the next day it was quite as gratifying to us +as to Mr. Kingman to hear that the costume attracted +marked attention.</p> + +<p>The ball was rightly adjudged a brilliant success. +Among the guests was President Buchanan, though not, +of course, in fancy dress. Senator Gwin represented +Louis Quatorze; Ben Perley Poore, "Major Jack Downing"; +Lord Napier, George Hammond—the first British +Minister to the United States; Mrs. Stephen A. Douglas, +Aurora; Mrs. Jefferson Davis, Madame de Staël; and so +on down the list. It is probable that the wife of Senator<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_277" id="Page_277">[277]</a></span> +Clement C. Clay, of Alabama, who represented Mrs. +Partington, attracted more attention and afforded more +amusement than any other guest. Washington had fairly +teemed with her brilliant repartee and other bright sayings, +and upon this occasion she was, if possible, more than +ever in her element. She had a witty encounter with the +President and a familiar home-thrust for all whom she +encountered. Many of the public characters present, +when lashed by her sparkling humor, were either unable +or unwilling to respond. She was accompanied by "Ike," +Mrs. Partington's son, impersonated by a clever youth of +ten years, son of John M. Sandidge of Louisiana. Mr. +John Von Sonntag Haviland, formerly of the U.S. Army, +wrote a metrical description of this ball, and in referring +to Mrs. Clay, thus expresses himself:—</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Mark how the grace that gilds an honored name,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Gives a strange zest to that loquacious dame<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Whose ready tongue and easy blundering wit<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Provoke fresh uproar at each happy hit!<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Note how her humour into strange grimace<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Tempts the smooth meekness of yon Quaker's face.<br /></span> +<span class="i0"> * * * * *<br /></span> +<span class="i0">But—denser grows the crowd round Partington;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">'Twere vain to try to name them one by one.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>Mr. Haviland added this to the above:—"Mrs. Senator +Clay, with knitting in hand, snuff-box in pocket, and +'Ike, the Inevitable,' by her side, acted out her difficult +character so as to win the unanimous verdict that her personation +of the loquacious <i>mal-aprops</i> dame was the leading +feature of the evening's entertainment. Go where she +would through the spacious halls, a crowd of eager listeners +followed her footsteps, drinking in her instant repartees, +which were really superior in wit and appositeness, +and, indeed, in the vein of the famous dame's <i>cacoëthes</i>, +even to the original contribution of Shillaber to the nonsensical +literature of the day."<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_278" id="Page_278">[278]</a></span></p> + +<p>One of the guests at this ball was the wife of the late +Major General William H. Emery, U.S.A., whose maiden +name was Matilda Bache. She was arrayed for the evening +in the garb of a Quakeress, and it is to her that Mr. +Haviland alludes in his reference to the "smooth meekness +of yon Quaker's face."</p> + +<p>At the commencement of the Civil War, Senator Gwin +was arrested on a charge of disloyalty and imprisoned until +1863. He then went to Paris, where he became interested +in a scheme for the colonization by Southerners of +the State of Sonora in Mexico, in consequence of which +he was sometimes facetiously called the "Duke of Sonora." +While thus engaged, he was invited to meet the Emperor, +Napoleon III., in private audience, and succeeded in enlisting +his sympathies. It is said that, upon the request +of the Minister of Foreign Affairs, he formulated a plan +for the colony which, after receiving the Emperor's approval, +was submitted to Maximilian. The latter was then +in Paris and requested Mr. Gwin's attendance at the +Tuileries where, after diligent inquiry, the scheme received +the approbation of Maximilian. Two weeks after +the departure of the latter for Mexico, Mr. Gwin left for +the same country, carrying with him an autograph letter +of Napoleon III. to Marshal Bazaine. The scheme, however, +received no encouragement from the latter, and Maximilian +failed to give him any satisfactory assurances of +his support. Returning to France in 1865, he secured an +audience with the Emperor, to whom he exposed the condition +of affairs in Mexico. Napoleon urged him to return +to that country immediately with a peremptory order +to Marshal Bazaine to supply a military force adequate to +accomplish the project. This request was complied with +but Mr. Gwin, after meeting with no success, demanded +an escort to accompany him out of the country. This was +promptly furnished, and he returned to his home in California.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_279" id="Page_279">[279]</a></span></p> + +<p>It seems fitting in this connection to speak of a brilliant +ball in Washington in 1824. Although, of course, I +do not remember it, I have heard of it all my life and have +gathered here and there certain facts of interest concerning +it, some of which are not easily accessible. I refer +to the ball given by Mrs. John Quincy Adams, whose husband +was then Secretary of State under Monroe. Mrs. +Adams' maiden name was Louisa Catharine Johnson and +she was a daughter of Joshua Johnson, who served as +our first United States Consul at London, and a niece of +Thomas Johnson of Maryland. She gave receptions in +Washington on Tuesday evenings which were attended +by many of the most distinguished men and women +of the day. This period, in fact, is generally regarded +as, perhaps, the most brilliant era in Washington society. +A generous hospitality was dispensed by such men +as Madison, Monroe, Adams, Calhoun, Wirt, Rush, Southard, +General Winfield Scott and General Alexander +Macomb. The British <i>Chargé d'affaires</i> at this time was +Henry Unwin Addington. The Russian Minister was the +Baron de Tuyll; while France, Spain and Portugal were +represented by gentlemen of distinguished manners and +rare accomplishments. The illustrious John Marshall was +Chief Justice, with Joseph Story, Bushrod Washington, +Smith Thompson and other eminent jurists by his side. +In Congress were such men as Henry Clay, William Gaston, +Rufus King, Daniel Webster, Andrew Jackson, +Thomas H. Benton, William Jones Lowndes, John Jordan +Crittenden and Harrison Gray Otis; while the Navy was +represented by Stephen Decatur, David Porter, John +Rodgers, Lewis Warrington, Charles Stewart, Charles +Morris and others, some of whom made their permanent +home at the Capital.</p> + +<p>The ball given by the Secretary of State and Mrs. +Adams was in honor of General Andrew Jackson, and +was not only an expression of the pleasant personal re<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_280" id="Page_280">[280]</a></span>lations +existing between John Quincy Adams and Jackson +only shortly before the former defeated the latter +for the Presidency, but also a pleasing picture of Washington +society at that time. General Jackson was naturally +the hero of the occasion, and there was a throng of +guests not only from Washington but also from Baltimore, +Richmond and other cities. A current newspaper +of the day published a metrical description of the event, +written by John T. Agg:</p> + + +<p class='indent4'>MRS. ADAMS' BALL.</p> +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Wend you with the world to-night?<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Brown and fair and wise and witty,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Eyes that float in seas of light,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Laughing mouths and dimples pretty,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Belles and matrons, maids and madams,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">All are gone to Mrs. Adams';<br /></span> +<span class="i0">There the mist of the future, the gloom of the past,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">All melt into light at the warm glance of pleasure,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And the only regret is lest melting too fast,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Mammas should move off in the midst of a measure.<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Wend you with the world to-night?<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Sixty gray, and giddy twenty,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Flirts that court and prudes that slight,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">State coquettes and spinsters plenty;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Mrs. Sullivan is there<br /></span> +<span class="i1">With all the charm that nature lent her;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Gay McKim with city air,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">And winning Gales and Vandeventer;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Forsyth, with her group of graces;<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Both the Crowninshields in blue;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">The Pierces, with their heavenly faces,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">And eyes like suns that dazzle through;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Belles and matrons, maids and madams,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">All are gone to Mrs. Adams'!<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Wend you with the world to-night?<br /></span> +<span class="i1">East and West and South and North,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Form a constellation bright,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">And pour a splendid brilliance forth.<br /></span><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_281" id="Page_281">[281]</a></span> +<span class="i0">See the tide of fashion flowing,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">'Tis the noon of beauty's reign,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Webster, Hamiltons are going,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Eastern Floyd and Southern Hayne;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Western Thomas, gayly smiling,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Borland, nature's protégé,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Young De Wolfe, all hearts beguiling,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Morgan, Benton, Brown and Lee;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Belles and matrons, maids and madams,'<br /></span> +<span class="i0">All are gone to Mrs. Adams'!<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Wend you with the world to-night?<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Where blue eyes are brightly glancing,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">While to measures of delight<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Fairy feet are deftly dancing;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Where the young Euphrosyne<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Reigns the mistress of the scene,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Chasing gloom, and courting glee,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">With the merry tambourine;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Many a form of fairy birth,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Many a Hebe, yet unwon,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Wirt, a gem of purest worth,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Lively, laughing Pleasanton;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Vails and Tayloe will be there,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Gay Monroe so debonair,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Hellen, pleasure's harbinger,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Ramsay, Cottringers and Kerr;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Belles and matrons, maids and madams,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">All are gone to Mrs. Adams'!<br /></span> +</div><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Wend you with the world to-night?<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Juno in her court presides,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Mirth and melody invite,<br /></span> +<span class="i1">Fashion points, and pleasure guides;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Haste away then, seize the hour,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Shun the thorn and pluck the flower.<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Youth, in all its spring-time blooming,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Age the guise of youth assuming,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Wit through all its circles gleaming,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Glittering wealth and beauty beaming;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Belles and matrons, maids and madams,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">All are gone to Mrs. Adams'!<br /></span> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_282" id="Page_282">[282]</a></span></div></div> + +<p>The "Mrs. Sullivan" referred to was Sarah Bowdoin +Winthrop, the wife of George Sullivan of Boston, son of +Governor James Sullivan of Massachusetts; while "Winning +Gales" was the wife of Joseph Gales, editor of <i>The +National Intelligencer</i>. "Forsyth" was the wife of Senator +John Forsyth of Georgia, who subsequently served +as Secretary of State during Jackson's administration; +and "the Crowninshields in blue" were daughters of +Benjamin W. Crowninshield, Secretary of the Navy under +Madison and Monroe. "The Pierces, with their heavenly +faces," were handsome Boston women who in after life +became converts to the Roman Catholic faith and entered +convents. The "Vails" were Eugene and Aaron Vail, +who were protégés of Senator William H. Crawford, of +Georgia. They married sisters, daughters of Laurent +Salles, a wealthy Frenchman living in New York. Aaron +Vail accompanied Martin Van Buren to England as Secretary +of Legation and for a season, after Van Buren's +recall, acted as <i>Chargé d'affaires</i>. "Tayloe" was Benjamin +Ogle Tayloe, the distinguished Washingtonian. +"Ramsay" was General George Douglas Ramsay, the +father of Rear Admiral Francis M. Ramsay, U.S.N.; and +"Hellen" was Mrs. Adams's niece, who subsequently became +her daughter-in-law through her marriage to her +son, John Adams. President Monroe attended this ball +and both he and John Quincy Adams were somewhat +criticised for their plain attire, which was in such striking +contrast with the elaborate costumes and decorations +worn by the foreign guests.</p> + +<p>In his boyhood Mr. Gouverneur formed an intimacy +with George H. Derby, better known in literary circles +under the <i>nom de plume</i> of "John Phoenix." He is well +remembered by students of American humor as a contemporary +and rival of Artemus Ward. He was a member +of a prominent Boston family, and of the class of 1846 +at West Point. He was a gallant soldier, having been<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_283" id="Page_283">[283]</a></span> +wounded during the Mexican War at Cerro Gordo, and +was promoted for his bravery in that battle. Scarcely +anyone was immune from his practical jokes, but, fortunately +for his peace of mind, Mr. Gouverneur was acquainted +with an incident of his life which, if known, +would make him a butt of ridicule; and he accordingly +felt perfectly safe in his companionship and well enjoyed +his humorous exploits. One day Derby and Mr. Gouverneur +were sauntering through the streets of Washington +when the keen eye of the humorist was attracted by a sign +over a store door which read, "Ladies' Depository"—the +old-fashioned method of designating what would now be +called a "Woman's Exchange." Turning to his companion, +Derby remarked: "I have a little business to transact +in this shop and I want you to go inside with me." They +entered and were met by a smiling female to whom Derby +remarked: "My wife will be here to-morrow morning. I +am so pleased to have discovered this depository. I hope +that you will take good care of her. Expect her at eleven. +Good-morning."</p> + +<p>In the early '50's Adjutant General Roger Jones determined +to adopt a new uniform for the U.S. Army, and +Derby was thus afforded a conspicuous opportunity to exercise +his wit. He was an excellent draughtsman and +set to work and produced a design. He proposed changing +the entire system of modern tactics by the aid of an +iron hook to be attached to the seat of each soldier's +trousers, this hook to be used by the three arms of the service—cavalry, +infantry and artillery. He illustrated it by +a series of well-executed designs, and quoted high medical +authority to prove its advantages from a sanitary point +of view. He argued that the heavy knapsack induced a +stooping position and a contraction of the chest but, hung +on a hook by a strap over the shoulders, it would brace +the body and back and expand the chest. The cavalrymen +were to be rendered more secure in their seats when<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_284" id="Page_284">[284]</a></span> +hooked to a ring in the saddle. All commissioned officers +were to carry a light twenty-foot pole, with a ring attached +to the end, to be used during an engagement in drawing +stragglers back into the ranks. He made a drawing of a +tremendous battle during which the Generals and Colonels +were thus occupied, and in many other ways expatiated +upon the value of the hook. When Jefferson Davis, the +Secretary of War, saw Derby's designs and read his +recommendations, he felt that his dignity was wounded +and the service insulted, and he immediately issued an +order that Derby be court-martialed. William L. Marcy, +then Secretary of State, was told of the transaction and of +the cloud hanging over Derby. He looked over the drawings +and saw a regiment, their backs towards him and +drawn up in line, with knapsacks, blankets and everything +appertaining to camp life attached to each soldier by a +hook. Marcy, who saw the humorous side at once, said to +Davis: "It's no use to court-martial this man. The matter +will be made public and the laugh will be upon us. +Besides, a man who has the inventive genius that he has +displayed, as well as the faculty of design, ill-directed +though they be, is too valuable to the service to be trifled +with." Derby therefore was not brought to grief, and in +time Davis's anger was sufficiently mollified for him to +enjoy the joke. I am enabled to state, through the +courtesy of the present Assistant Secretary of War, that +the drawings referred to are not now to be found in the +files of the War Department; and a picture, which at the +time was the source of untold amusement and of wide-spread +notoriety, seems to be lost to the world.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 359px;"><a name="img8" id="img8"></a> +<a href="images/img08.jpg"><img src="images/img08th.jpg" width="359" height="400" alt="Miniature of James Monroe, Painted in Paris in 1794, by Semé. +Original owned by Mrs. Gouverneur." title="" /></a> +<span class="caption">Miniature of James Monroe, Painted in Paris in 1794, by Semé.</span><br /> +<span class='caption2'><i>Original owned by Mrs. Gouverneur.</i></span> +</div> + +<p>An incident connected with the Indian War of 1856-58, +in Washington Territory, furnished another outlet for +Derby's effective wit. A Catholic priest was taken prisoner +by the savages at that time and led away into captivity, +and in caricaturing the scene Derby represented +an ecclesiastic in full canonicals walking between two stal<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_285" id="Page_285">[285]</a></span>wart +and half-naked Indians, carrying a crook and crozier, +with a tooth-brush attached to one and a comb to the +other; while the letters "I. H. S." on the priest's chasuble +were paraphrased into the words, "I hate Siwashes." It +must not be thought, however, that Derby's life was wholly +devoted to fun and frivolity, for he has been pronounced +by an accomplished military writer and critic to have been +"an able and accomplished engineer." He was the author +of "The Squibob Papers" and of "Phoenixiana; or +Sketches and Burlesques," either of which would worthily +place him in the forefront of humorists in the history of +American literature. I own a copy of the latter book +which was given by the author to my husband. It seems +strange, when one considers the character and career of +this gifted man, that subsequent to his death nearly every +member of his family should have met with a tragic end.</p> + +<p>Although not a practical joker, my husband found much +in Derby that was congenial, as many of their tastes were +similar. Both of them were devoted to literature and +both were accomplished writers; but while Derby published +his works and was rewarded with financial success, +Mr. Gouverneur wrote chiefly for the newspaper press. +He edited and published a work by James Monroe, entitled +"The People the Sovereigns," but never sent to the +press any works of his own production. I think that the +lack of encouragement from me was the chief obstacle that +deterred him from embarking upon a literary career. He +commenced several novels but never finished them, and +his chief literary remains are principally confined to the +limits of his "commonplace-books."</p> + +<p>President Buchanan's niece, Harriet Lane, subsequently +Mrs. Henry Elliott Johnston of Maryland, presided with +grace and dignity over the White House during her uncle's +administration. I first met Miss Lane before the period +when Buchanan represented the United States at the +Court of St. James. It was at a party given by Mrs.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_286" id="Page_286">[286]</a></span> +Hamilton Fish, whose husband was then a U.S. Senator +from the State of New York. Her blond type of beauty +made an indelible impression upon me, as she was very +much the same style as the daughters of General Winfield +Scott. Some years before her death, while she was living +in Washington, I incidentally referred to this resemblance +between the Scotts and herself and was not surprised +to hear her say that others had spoken of it. To +an exceptionally fine presence, she added unusual intelligence +and brilliant power of repartee. I have often heard +the story that at a social function at the White House an +accomplished courtier was enlarging to Miss Lane upon +her shapely hands—"hands," he ejaculated, "that might +have swayed the rod of empire." Her retort came without +a moment's hesitation, "or wake to ecstasy the living +lyre." Emily Schomberg, who married Hughes Hallett +of England, wrote some years ago a charming sketch of +Harriet Lane Johnston which was published in Mrs. Elizabeth +F. Ellet's book entitled, "The Court Circles of the +Republic."</p> + +<p>Among the prominent belles of the Buchanan administration, +and an intimate friend and companion of Harriet +Lane, was Rebecca B. Black, daughter of the eminent jurist, +Judge Jeremiah S. Black of Pennsylvania, Attorney-General +and for a time Secretary of State under +Buchanan. She was the widow of Isham Hornsby of +Washington, where, in her beautiful home, she was surrounded +by a charming circle and was much admired and +beloved. Peter Grayson Washington, a son of Lund +Washington, whom I have already mentioned in connection +with my wedding, was a conspicuous figure at the +National Capital during the Buchanan <i>régime</i>. During +the Pierce administration he was Assistant Secretary of +the Treasury under James Guthrie. He had an impressive +bearing, and carried a gold-headed cane which he boasted +had originally belonged to his distinguished relative, the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_287" id="Page_287">[287]</a></span> +first President. Although by birth a Virginian, Mr. Washington +never wavered in his loyalty to the Union. During +the latter part of the Civil War he made a visit to us +in our Maryland home, and I shall always remember the +expression of his opinion that many leaders of the Confederate +cause were not true representatives of the South, +citing as examples some members of Jefferson Davis's +cabinet. He concluded his remarks with the facetious +statement that "if they had only chosen a second Washington +as a leader they might have been successful." +Earlier residents of the District will recall Littleton +Quinton Washington, a prolific writer chiefly upon political +subjects, and a younger half-brother of Peter G. +Washington.</p> + +<p>My old and valued friend, Mrs. Hamilton Holly, and +Peter Grayson Washington were the Godparents of my +eldest daughter. At the earnest request of the former, +this ceremony took place in the house of Mrs. Alexander +Hamilton, in the De Menou buildings. Mrs. Holly and I +characterized the gathering as a revolutionary party, as +so many of the guests bore names prominent during our +struggle for independence. I never saw Mrs. Hamilton +Holly again. Shortly after this pleasant function I sailed +for China, and just before starting on my long voyage I +received the following note, which saddened me more than +I can well express:—</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p class='right'><span class="smcap">Sep.</span> 9th.</p> + +<p>My dear friend,</p> + +<p>For many days I have been blessed by your very kind +letter, but am too, too low to answer it. One day so weak +as to be obliged with my hand to wave Mrs. Furguson +away (another lady obtained admittance), lest in the effort +to converse I might find another home. My hand and +head are exhausted.</p> + +<p class='indent3'>Most truly yours,</p> + +<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">E. H. Holly</span>.</p></div> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_288" id="Page_288">[288]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER XII</h2> + +<h3>SOJOURN IN CHINA AND RETURN</h3> + + +<p>Prior to the Civil War, Mr. Gouverneur received an +appointment from James Buchanan as U.S. Consul +to Foo Chow in China, and I decided to accompany +him upon his long journey. Meanwhile a second +daughter had been added to our family, much to the disappointment +of the large circle of relatives who were still +anxiously expecting me to hand down the name of Gouverneur. +We named her Ruth Monroe. We took passage +upon the clipper ship <i>Indiaman</i>, a vessel of heavy +tonnage sailing from New York and commanded by a +"down-east" skipper named Smith. No railroads crossed +the American continent in those days, and the voyage to +the far East had to be made either around Cape Horn or +by way of the Isthmus of Panama or around the Cape +of Good Hope. We selected the latter route, leaving +New York in October and arriving in Shanghai the following +March. My preparations for such a protracted +journey with two very young children were carefully and +even elaborately planned but, to my dismay, some of the +most important articles of food for the childrens' diet +became unfit for use long before we reached our destination. +As one may readily imagine, I was accordingly +put to my wits' end for substitutes. We also provided +ourselves with a goodly amount of literature, and more +particularly books relating to China, among which were +Father Evariste Régis Huc's volume on "The Chinese +Empire," and Professor S. Wells Williams's work on +"The Middle Kingdom." We read these <i>en route</i> with<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_289" id="Page_289">[289]</a></span> +great interest but discovered after a few months' residence +in the East that no book or pen we then knew +conveyed an adequate idea of that remarkable country.</p> + +<p>We had a very favorable voyage, and sailing in the +trade winds in the Southern hemisphere was to me the +very acme of bliss. I was thoroughly in sympathy with +the passage of Humboldt where he speaks of the tropical +skies and vegetation in the following beautiful manner:—"He +on whom the Southern Cross has never gleamed nor +the Centaur frowned, above whom the clouds of Magellan +have never circled, who has never stood within the shadow +of great palms, nor clothed himself with the gloom of the +primeval forests, does not know how the soul seems to +have a new birth in the midst of these new and splendid +surroundings. Nowhere but under the equatorial skies +is it permitted to man to behold at once and in the same +sweep of the eye all the stars of both the Northern and +Southern heavens; and nowhere but at the tropics does +nature combine to produce the various forms of vegetation +that are parceled out separately to other climes."</p> + +<p>The patience of our captain was sorely tried by the +lack of wind while passing through the Doldrums. This +nautical locality, varying in breadth from sixty to several +hundred miles and shifting in extreme limits at different +seasons of the year, is near the equator and abounds in +calms, squalls and light, baffling winds which sometimes +prevent the progress of sailing vessels for weeks at a time. +When we finally emerged from the Doldrums, we were +compensated for the trying delay by greeting the trade +winds so cherished by the hearts of mariners. We sailed +many leagues south of the Cape of Good Hope and much +too far away even to catch a glimpse of it, but we realized +its proximity by the presence of the Cape pigeons which +hovered around our vessel. The albatross was also our +daily visitor and one or two of them were caught by the +sailors, regardless of the superstition of possible calamity<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_290" id="Page_290">[290]</a></span> +attending such an act. Our only stop during the long +voyage was at the Moluccas or Spice Islands, in the Malay +Peninsula, and was made at the request of the passengers +who were desirous of exploring the beauties of that tropical +region. The waters surrounding these islands were +as calm as a lake and all around our ship floated the débris +of spices. The vegetation was more beautiful than +I can describe and the shells which covered the shores +were eagerly collected by the passengers.</p> + +<p>Our fellow voyagers were four missionaries, who on +Sundays conducted divine service, and a Mr. Pemberton, +a young Canadian who was <i>en voyage</i> to join the <i>Hong</i> +of Purden and Company in Shanghai. In these early +days it was the custom of parents of refractory or adventurous +sons to place them on board sailing vessels for +lengthy outings. Occasionally they were sent upon whaling +voyages, where the hardships were greater and the +voyage more prolonged. On the <i>Indiaman</i> there were several +of these youths and it was quite pathetic as well as +comical to see them ascend the rigging amid the jeers of +a well-disciplined crew. One of them, whose father had +occupied an official position in the City of New York, had +been quite a society "swell" and claimed acquaintance +with me. At times he was required by the captain to +hold my younger child, a mere babe, in the arms. Every +now and then we were startled by her shrieks and for +quite a time we could not detect the cause until we finally +discovered that his task was uncongenial and that, in +order to get rid of his charge, the incorrigible youth had +administered an occasional pinch.</p> + +<p>One Sunday afternoon while sailing in the Indian +Ocean we had a narrow escape from shipwreck. Every +sail was set to catch the least breath of air, and Mr. Gouverneur +and the children were on deck with the captain, +when in the distance they saw what seemed to resemble a +huge wall. The moment the experienced eye of our skip<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_291" id="Page_291">[291]</a></span>per +saw it he exclaimed, "My God, we are gone!" It +slowly but surely approached our ship and when it reached +us its force was so great that our sails almost dipped into +the ocean. The ship, however, gradually righted itself +and we were naturally more than grateful for our deliverance. +I chanced to be resting in my cabin at the perilous +moment and in a most unceremonious manner was +thrown to the floor. After reaching the mouth of that +stupendous river, the Yangtze Kiang, we thought our long +voyage was nearly ended, but we soon discovered that we +had not yet "crossed the Rubicon," and that trouble was +still in store for us. We had just passed the mouth of this +river and cast anchor when, to our surprise and dismay, +we encountered a severe storm, and during the night +dragged anchor for about twenty miles. The morning, +however, dawned bright and clear, but our captain, +who had lost his temper during the storm, did not accord +the Chinese pilots who boarded us a very gracious reception. +This was my first glimpse of the Chinese within +the limits of their own domain.</p> + +<p>When we reached the city of Shanghai it was quite dark, +but we found coolies awaiting us with chairs. I shall +never forget my first impressions of China. All of my +anticipations of the beautiful Orient were fully realized, +and, as I was carried through the crowded streets, visions +of the Arabian Nights enchanted me and it seemed to me +a veritable region of delight. The streets of Shanghai, +however, after the broad thoroughfares of Washington, +appeared like small and complicated pathways. They +were not lighted with public lamps at this time, but myriads +of lanterns of every conceivable shape and color carried +by wayfarers met the eye at every turn and made the +whole scene appear like fairyland. But, alas, the following +morning I was undeceived, for daylight revealed to +my vision a very squalid and dirty city. We were carried +to the largest hotel in Shanghai, where it seemed as<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_292" id="Page_292">[292]</a></span> +though I were almost receiving a home greeting when the +sign over the door told me that it was the Astor House! +Still another surprise awaited me. Although in a +strange land, one of the first persons to welcome me was +a former acquaintance, the wife of Mr. Robert Morrison +Olyphant, the head of the prominent <i>Hong</i> of Olyphant +and Company. Her maiden name was Anna O. Vernon +and I had formerly known her quite well in New York +and Newport.</p> + +<p>We did not linger long in Shanghai, but embraced the +first opportunity to reach Foo Chow. It was a coast voyage +of several days and was attended with much discomfort, +as the choppy seas through which we sailed made all +of us very ill—a remarkable experience, considering the +fact that during the whole of our protracted voyage we +had not suffered an uncomfortable moment. We reached +Foo Chow, however, in due time, and Mr. Gouverneur at +once assumed his official duties. Foo Chow is called by +the natives <i>Hok Chiu</i>, or "Happy City." It is also what +is termed a "Foo-City," signifying a place of the largest +magnitude, and was the sole Chinese port where royalty +was represented. It is situated upon the Min River, +about twenty-five miles from its mouth, and is the capital +of the Province of Fokien. The navigation of the river +Min was regarded as dangerous, and the insurance rates +for vessels navigating it were higher than those of any +other Chinese port. The place is surrounded by castellated +walls nine or ten miles in circumference, outside of +which are suburbs as extensive as the city itself. Its +walls are about thirty feet high and twelve wide at the +top. Its seven gates are overlooked by high towers, while +small guardhouses stand at frequent intervals along the +walls.</p> + +<p>Upon our arrival in Foo Chow we found no house provided +for the U.S. Consul, and immediately made our +residence with a missionary family, where we were most<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_293" id="Page_293">[293]</a></span> +comfortable, until the <i>Hong</i> of Augustus Heard and Company +provided us with a residence for which we paid +rent. The English government took better care of its representative. +Not far from us was the British Consulate, +a fine building reminding one in certain respects of the +White House. In another residence near by, and provided +by his government, lived the British interpreter, a +Scotchman named Milne. Walter H. Medhurst, the British +Consul, and his interpreter were descendants of early +English missionaries. We found Foo Chow to be a somewhat +lawless city. Many of its inhabitants were mountaineers +from the surrounding region who had become +pretty well starved out and had found their way into the +city. As a result of their early training, they gave the +authorities much trouble.</p> + +<p>I was naturally much impressed by some of the novel +and curious customs then prevalent. The seat of honor +assigned a guest was on the left of the host. The uncovered +head for a man was a mark of disrespect and a servant +would accordingly be severely reprimanded if he appeared +before his master with his hat off. Persons in +mourning wore white, in striking contrast with the somber +apparel used by ourselves. The shoe polish in vogue was +a chalky white substance. From these and other examples +it can readily be seen I was justified in feeling that I had +been transferred to another planet and had left "dull +earth behind me." When we reached Foo Chow, the +gorgeous flowers and other vegetation were at their best. +The month of April was a season set apart by the Chinese +to decorate with flowers the graves of their ancestors; +and coming from a land where such a ceremony was unknown, +it impressed me as a beautiful custom. It suggests, +moreover, the inquiry as to whether it was from the +Chinese, or from an innate conviction of the beautiful +sentiment demanding an outward expression, that induced +the descendants of the Blue and the Gray, at a later pe<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_294" id="Page_294">[294]</a></span>riod, +to strew with flowers the last resting-places of those +whose memories they delighted to honor.</p> + +<p>Next door to the U.S. Consulate lived a Parsee named +Botelwalla, who was an English subject. He never uncovered +his head, and his tarpaulin hat carried me back +to the pictures in my geography while studying at Miss +Forbes's school. He was extensively engaged in the +opium trade, and had large quantities of it stored in his +dwelling. One day he came to our home to make a social +visit and, taking it for granted that he was a fire-worshiper, +I inquired whether he came from Persia. He told +me that twelve hundred years ago his family emigrated +from that country to India, where their descendants had +since resided. I recall an incident which convinced me +at the time that he was not a consistent follower of his +own religion. Mr. Gouverneur noticed smoke issuing one +day from what he thought was a remote portion of the +Botelwalla home, and immediately called out to the Parsee +from an adjoining window that his house was on fire. +Without a moment's hesitation, he got all of his family +together, and for a while they worked most strenuously +to subdue the flames and to save from destruction the +hundred thousand dollars' worth of opium lodged in the +Parsee's home. Somewhat later we were surprised to +learn that it was our own kitchen which was on fire. +Our ignorance was due to the fact that the walls of the +two houses were so irregular and so oddly constructed +that it was at first exceedingly difficult, upon a superficial +view, to distinguish certain portions of our own home from +those of our neighbor. The one feature, however, connected +with the fire which impressed us most forcibly was the +fact that Botelwalla, our neighbor and fire-worshiper, did +not allow his religious scruples to interfere with the safety +of his valuable personal possessions. My attention, as +well as admiration, was frequently directed to a number +of superb India cashmere shawls which I often saw airing<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_295" id="Page_295">[295]</a></span> +on his upper veranda and which, I think, were used for +bed coverings.</p> + +<p>Soon after his arrival in Foo Chow, Mr. Gouverneur +was fortunate in securing the services of a Chinese interpreter +named Ling Kein, a mandarin of high order, +who wore the "blue button," significant of his rank. In +addition to this distinction he wore on his hat the peacock +feather, an official reward of merit. He was a Chinese +of remarkable intelligence, well versed in English as well +as in the Chinese vernacular, and was also the master of +several dialects. He surprised me by his familiarity with +New York, and upon inquiry I learned that he had once +taken a junk into that port, which was naturally regarded +with great curiosity by the Gothamites. He remembered +many prominent New Yorkers, one of whom +was Daniel Lord, the distinguished lawyer, whom he had +met in a professional relation. He also recalled my old +friend and Mr. Gouverneur's kinsman, William Kemble, +who lived next door to Mr. Lord opposite St. John's Park. +Ling Kein and his family lived in our house, but they led +such secluded lives that I seldom saw them; indeed, we +never laid eyes upon our interpreter except when his +presence was required. He was not in the employ of our +government, but his salary of one hundred dollars a month +was paid from my husband's private means. His services +were invaluable and when we first began housekeeping +he secured our domestic staff for us. The butler was +Ning Ping, a Christianized Chinese, who took entire +charge of the establishment—going to market, regulating +the servants and even handing them their wages. +For his services he received four dollars a month.</p> + +<p>I found this mode of life ideally pleasant and easy until +I heard an uproar one day in the servants' quarters in +which my two nurses seemed to be involved. I was entirely +ignorant as to the cause of the commotion and for +some time held my peace, as one of the first lessons I<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_296" id="Page_296">[296]</a></span> +learned in China was not to probe too deeply into domestic +affairs, since one derived but little satisfaction from +the attempt. As the confusion continued, however, I summoned +Ling Kein in order to ascertain the cause of it. +It seems that Ning Ping had paid the women their wages +in Mexican dollars which were not of the proper weight. +There prevailed a crafty method of clipping or punching +the coins, and this dishonest Chinaman had taken advantage +of those whom he thought to be simply unsophisticated +women. The trouble was finally quelled by an +agreement that in future I should personally pay the +nurses their wages. I gave each of these women four dollars +a month for their services. Our cook, Ting Ting, +who was a chef, and the four coolies, who were the chair +bearers, were also paid four dollars a month each. The +gatekeeper, whose duties were to open and close the front +gate and to look after the chairs of visitors, received a +similar sum for his services. I also employed by the +month a native tailor, whose sole requirements for his +work were a chair and a table. He did the entire sewing +of the establishment and charged four dollars a month +for his labor. At least one of my experiences with him +failed to confirm the extraordinary powers of imitation +possessed by the Chinese, for upon one occasion when I +trusted him with a handsome garment, with strict injunctions +to follow the model I gave him, he completely +ignored my instructions and carried out his own +designs.</p> + +<p>Fortunately for us, this retinue of retainers provided +its own food and clothing, and I was in blissful ignorance +as to where they stowed themselves away for the +night. A laundryman called once a week for our clothes +and his charges were two dollars a hundred for articles +of every description. I am almost ashamed to acknowledge +that I never saw the interior of our kitchen, but our +cook served our dinners in the most approved manner.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_297" id="Page_297">[297]</a></span> +We frequently had guests to dine with us and as the butler, +Ning Ping, was as much an expert in his department +as the cook, Ting Ting, was in his, I was delightfully +irresponsible and often wondered, as I sat at my own +table, what the next course would be. Our guests were +principally men, usually the senior members of <i>Hongs</i> +and officers of war-ships lying in the harbor, and it was the +custom of each to bring with him his "boy," who stood +behind him throughout the repast.</p> + +<p>There was quite a number of missionaries in the city, +and each religious denomination provided its ministers +with comfortable quarters. The Baptists were especially +well represented and also the "American Board," which +was established in Boston in 1812. The English residents +had a small chapel of their own which was well sustained +by them. There was one missionary who commanded +my especial respect and admiration. I refer to +the Rev. Mr. William C. Burns, a Scotch Presbyterian +clergyman. He led a life of consecrated self-denial, living +exclusively with the natives and dressing in the Chinese +garb which, with his Caucasian features and blond +complexion, caused him to present the drollest appearance. +Only those who have resided in China can understand +the repugnance with which anyone accustomed to +the amenities of refined society would naturally regard +such a life. He gave up body and soul to the spread of +Christianity in a heathen land, recalling to my mind the +early Jesuits, Francis Xavier, Lucas Caballero and +Cipriano Baraza, who penetrated pathless forests and +crossed unknown seas in conformity with the requirements +of their sacred mission. Mr. Burns died in China in +the earnest pursuit of his vocation. I own a copy of his +life published in New York in 1870, soon after his death.</p> + +<p>The Roman Catholic Church was well represented in +Foo Chow and was under the general direction of the +order of the Dominicans. Each portion of China, in fact,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_298" id="Page_298">[298]</a></span> +even the most remote, was under the jurisdiction of some +Roman Catholic Order, so that directly or indirectly almost +every Chinaman in the Empire was reached. The +Catholics also had a large orphan asylum in Foo Chow, +over whose portals, in Chinese characters, was the verse +from the Psalms: "When my father and my mother forsake +me, then the Lord will take me up." Nothing +brought back to me my far-away Western home more +pleasantly than the tones of the Angelus sounding from +the belfry of this institution.</p> + +<p>There was a native orphan asylum in Foo Chow, not +far from the American Consulate—a fact I have never +seen stated in any of the numerous books I have read relating +to the "Middle Kingdom." With true Chinese insight, +the largest salary was paid the nurse who successfully +reared the greatest number of babies. When I lived +in China, the laws for the prevention of infanticide were +as stringent as our own, but they were often successfully +evaded. Poverty was so grinding in the East that the +slaughter of children was one of its most pitiable consequences. +Infants were made way with at birth, before +they were regarded with the eye of affection.</p> + +<p>Fifty years ago slavery was prevalent among the Chinese, +and one of its saddest features consisted in the fact +that its victims were of their own race and color. Poverty-stricken +parents sold their offspring to brokers, and in +Foo Chow it was recognized as a legitimate business. +Theoretically there were no slaves in Hong-Kong, which +is British territory, but in reality the city was full of +them. Both men and women slave-brokers infested the +large cities of China, and boys and girls between the ages +of ten and twelve were sent from all the neighboring villages +to be sold in Foo Chow. The girls were purchased +to be employed as servants, and sometimes parents would +buy them for the purpose of training them until they +reached the proper age and of then marrying them off to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_299" id="Page_299">[299]</a></span> +their sons. In this way, as may readily be seen, some of +the young people of China were spared the vicissitudes +and discouragements of courtship so keenly realized in +some other countries. I have seen girl slaves sold with +no other property except the clothes upon their backs. +Frequently their garments were of the scantiest character +and in some cases even these were claimed by the +avaricious brokers. Many of the waifs were purchased +upon trial as a precaution against leprosy which prevailed +throughout the East. One of the tests consisted in placing +the child in a dark room under a blue light; if the +skin was found to be of a greenish hue, the slave passed +muster; but, on the other hand, if it was of a reddish tinge +it indicated the early stages of this fatal malady. Babies +were not much in demand in Foo Chow and did not even +command the price of fresh pork! I learned at an orphan +asylum in Shanghai that they were purchased at +twenty cents each. This institution was conducted by +missionaries who taught the girls all kinds of domestic +duties and, when they arrived at proper ages, saw that +they were given to suitable men for wives.</p> + +<p>Not far from the Consulate were the quarters of the +Tartars. They seemed to live very much to themselves, +and most of the men were connected with the military +service of the country. It may not be generally known +that ever since the commencement of the Tartar dynasty, +between two and three centuries ago, the queue has been +worn by the Chinese as a badge of submission to the Tartars. +The feet of the women were not compressed by +these early rulers and consequently the Court did not set +the fashion as in European countries. I understand that +even now the bandaged feet are universal.</p> + +<p>In those days there were no railroads or telegraphs in +China. The Emperor died while we were living in Foo +Chow and the news did not reach us until several weeks +after the event, and then only through the medium of a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_300" id="Page_300">[300]</a></span> +courier. The official announcement came to the Consulate +upon a long yellow card bearing certain Chinese characters. +All of the mandarins in our city, upon receiving +the intelligence, gathered at the various temples to bewail +in loud tones and with tearful eyes the death of their +ruler.</p> + +<p>The palace of the Viceroy was naturally the chief objective +point of all foreigners and especially of officials +upon their arrival in port. Occasions frequently occurred +when Mr. Gouverneur was compelled to go through +the formality of requesting an interview with this high official. +These audiences were always promptly granted +and were conducted with a great amount of pomp and +ceremony very dear to the inhabitants of "far Cathay," +but exceedingly tiresome to others. Some distance from +us, and in another quarter of the city, was a large building +called Examination Hall, used by the natives exclusively +in connection with the civil service of the government. +It was divided into small rooms, each of which +was large enough to accommodate only one person, and in +these the young men of that locality who were aspirants +for governmental positions were locked each year while +they wrote their test examination papers. The hall accommodated +ten thousand students and the time of examination +was regarded by the Chinese as a critical period +in a young man's life, as his chances of future success +largely depended upon the ability displayed in his papers. +These were carefully read by a board of examiners, and +official positions were assigned to those who excelled in +the examination. Intelligence was regarded as the chief +condition of executive favor and, although personal influence +naturally had its weight, its exercise did not seem to +be as prevalent in China as elsewhere. It may not be +flattering to the pride of other nations, but the fact remains +that the civil service of China was the forerunner +of the reforms instituted in countries which we are accus<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_301" id="Page_301">[301]</a></span>tomed +to regard as much more enlightened in governmental +polity.</p> + +<p>While we were in China, the seas were infested with a +formidable band of native pirates that had committed +depredations for many years. One day two rival factions +dropped anchor at the same time in the Min River, directly +opposite Foo Chow, and opened a brisk fire upon +each other. Many of the foreigners became much alarmed, +as projectiles were flying around at a lively rate. One +of these which had entered the house of an American missionary +was brought to the Consulate, and Mr. Gouverneur +was urged to take some action. The natives of China +were at times a turbulent people who seemed glad for an +excuse to stir up the community and, in consequence of +this battle of the sea-robbers, a mob formed in Foo Chow +which threatened disastrous results. The only foreign +vessel in the harbor was a United States man-of-war, the +<i>Adams</i>, under the command of James F. Schenck, subsequently +a Rear Admiral in our Navy. Only a few +days previous the British ships had departed for the +mouth of the Peiho River, for the purpose of forcing +opium upon the poor Chinese at the cannon's mouth. +The city authorities were requested to use their influence +in quelling the riots but seemed unequal to the emergency. +This state of affairs continued for several days, when one +morning the <i>Taotai</i> (mayor), preceded by men beating +gongs and followed by a large retinue, arrived at the Consulate +and requested protection for the city. Upon a similar +occasion during the previous summer, when a number +of British warships were in port, these belligerent +pirates received summary treatment by having their anchor +cables cut, thus causing them to float down the river.</p> + +<p>Upon Mr. Gouverneur's request the <i>Adams</i> sent a detachment +of marines on shore. It was quartered around +the Consulate and its presence quickly had the desired +moral effect upon all parties, and proved a source<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_302" id="Page_302">[302]</a></span> +of great relief to both foreign and native residents. +Later all apprehension was removed by the speedy departure +of the unwelcome marauders. Meanwhile the Consulate +had received many valuables, deposited there for +safety. The morning following the departure of the ships +we noticed a large number of boxes in our courtyard and +also several sheep tied to the flag-staff. For a time we +could not understand the meaning of this queer collection +and were compelled to assign it to the usual incomprehensibilities +of Chinese life. Mr. Gouverneur went in +search of our interpreter, hoping that he could explain +the situation, but to our surprise he had fled. We learned +that he stood in great awe of the pirates and feared their +vengeance if he told all he knew about them. Mr. Milne, +the British interpreter, finally came to our rescue. It +seems that the sheep and boxes were parting gifts—"Kumshaws," +as the Chinese term them—from the pirates +to the American and British Consuls and Mr. Milne.</p> + +<p>At first we had no idea what the boxes contained, and +Mr. Gouverneur sought the advice of William Sloane, the +head of the <i>Hong</i> of Russell and Company, who had +long been a resident of China, as to what should be done +with this strange consignment. He strongly urged that, +as a matter of policy, they be accepted and the British +Consul, Walter H. Medhurst, agreed with him. The medley +collection was accordingly divided into three groups +and some coolies were engaged to convey to the English +Consul and Mr. Milne their respective shares. The sheep +took the lead, and it was indeed a curious procession that +we watched from our windows as we breathed a sigh of +relief over the departure of this "embarrassment of +riches," and commenced to plan for the disposal of our +own share. A few minutes later I chanced to glance out +of the window when, to my utter dismay, I saw the procession +so recently <i>en route</i> to the British Consulate reenter +our courtyard. We were informed that Medhurst<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_303" id="Page_303">[303]</a></span> +had weakened and refused to receive his share of the +"Kumshaws." Mr. Gouverneur was much annoyed by +such vacillating conduct and immediately notified the +British Consul in emphatic language that if he refused to +accept the piratical gifts he would regard it as a personal +matter. This had the desired effect and a second time +the procession wended its way to the British Consulate. +The boxes proved to contain hams, rock candy, dates and +other provisions which we immediately sent to the American +missionaries, while the sheep were given to Mr. Sloane +to do with them whatever he pleased. We found this +gentleman throughout our Chinese life to be a man of superior +judgment and an agreeable companion. After a +long and successful career in the East, he died in China +just on the eve of his embarkation for America. He never +married and many years later I had the pleasure of becoming +acquainted with his brother, Samuel Sloane, the +railroad magnate, at Garrison's-on-the-Hudson; and, +owing to our agreeable association with his brother, both +Mr. and Mrs. Sloane always welcomed me with great +cordiality.</p> + +<p>I have already referred to Commander (afterwards Rear +Admiral) James F. Schenck, U.S.N. Our association +with him in Foo Chow was highly agreeable. He was our +frequent guest at the Consulate and we soon discovered in +him a man of rare wit; indeed, I have understood that +fifty years ago he was considered the most clever <i>raconteur</i> +in the Navy. Commander Schenck's Executive Officer +on the <i>Adams</i> was Lieutenant James J. Waddell, +whom we regarded as a pleasing and congenial guest. +Subsequent to his life in Eastern waters, his career was +unusually interesting. He was a native of North Carolina +and, resigning his commission in the United States +service at the opening of the Civil War, subsequently entered +the Confederate Navy, where he was finally assigned +to the command of the celebrated cruiser <i>Shenandoah</i>.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_304" id="Page_304">[304]</a></span> +This ship, formerly the British merchantman <i>Sea King</i>, +was bought in England for £45,000 by James D. Bulloch, +the Naval Agent of the Southern Confederacy in Great +Britain, to take the place of the <i>Alabama</i>, which had been +sunk by the <i>Kearsarge</i> in June, 1864. She left London +in the fall of the same year and fitted out as an armed +cruiser off Madeira. She then went to Australia and, +after cruising in various parts of the Pacific, sailed for +Behring Sea and the Arctic Ocean, where she met with +remarkable success in her depredations upon Northern +shipping. She captured thirty-eight vessels, mostly whalers, +and the actual losses inflicted by her were only sixty +thousand dollars less than those charged to the <i>Alabama</i>. +Captain Waddell first heard of the downfall of the Confederacy +when off the coast of Lower California on the +2d of August, 1865—between three and four months after +the event—and, as he had captured in that interval about +a dozen ships and realized that his acts might be regarded +as piratical, he sailed for England where, early in November, +he surrendered the <i>Shenandoah</i> to the British +government. She was turned over to the United States, +was subsequently sold to the Sultan of Zanzibar and was +lost in 1879 in the Indian Ocean. She was the only ship +that carried the flag of the Confederacy around the world. +In December, 1861, Captain Waddell married a daughter +of James Iglehart of Annapolis, and died in that city a +number of years ago.</p> + +<p>The American Consulate was the rendezvous of all +Naval officers who came into port, and I recall with gratification +Lieutenant John J. B. Walbach, a son of Colonel +John DeBarth Walbach, a well-known officer of the Army, +Dr. Philip Lansdale, Dr. Benjamin F. Gibbs, Lieutenant +George M. Blodgett and Lieutenant (afterwards Rear +Admiral) John C. Beaumont. The latter was frequently +my guest in Washington after my return to America, and +Doctors Lansdale and Gibbs I met again at the Capital,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_305" id="Page_305">[305]</a></span> +where we took pleasure in discussing our Chinese observations +and experiences. While in China I also became acquainted +with Captain and Mrs. Eliphalet Nott of Schenectady, +the former of whom was a nephew of the venerable +President Eliphalet Nott of Union College. He commanded +his own vessel, the <i>Don Quixote</i>, and was usually +accompanied on his voyages by his wife—a mode of life +that impressed me as quite ideal.</p> + +<p>One day as I was passing through the streets of Foo +Chow my attention was directed to a gayly-dressed woman +seated in a chair decked with flowers. I was informed +that she was a Chinese widow who was about to sacrifice +herself upon the pyre in accordance with the custom of +the country. I subsequently learned that when this +woman reached the place appointed for the ceremony, she +found an immense assemblage, including many mandarins +and her own brother, the latter of whom had agreed to +apply the torch that should launch her into eternity. +The crowd, however, was disappointed, for at the last moment +her courage failed her and she announced that she +must return home at once as she had forgotten to feed +her pig! The woman's life was saved, but the disappointment +of the throng found expression in a riot which, +however, was speedily quelled by the authorities.</p> + +<p>The Chinese nation was the victim of an outrageous +wrong, and the perpetrators were Americans and Englishmen +whose unquenchable avarice overcame their moral +convictions. I refer to the iniquitous manner in which +opium was introduced into the country and subsequently +sold to the natives. Large fortunes were accumulated in +this way, but it was nothing more nor less than "blood +money" wrung from the pockets of those who had a right +to expect better things from the representatives of +Christian countries. China at this time was unable to +cope by force with the Western nations, but she did not +renounce the right to protect herself from this outrage<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_306" id="Page_306">[306]</a></span> +without a struggle. When, however, she asserted this +right, as she did on a certain occasion by seizing and burning +the deadly drug, she made herself liable for heavy indemnities +and was compelled to abandon the unequal struggle. +In consequence of this act, six hundred thousand dollars +passed through Mr. Gouverneur's hands as U.S. Consul. +Even in recent years the Chinese Emperor has sought +to protect his subjects from the evils of opium. When I +lived in China, Congo tea was cultivated around Foo +Chow, but in time it was abandoned and the poppy took +its place. A few years ago an edict was issued prohibiting +the cultivation of this flower and I understand that tea +is again a product of this region. When I resided in +Foo Chow, some of the most prominent business houses +were involved in the smuggling of opium, and one very +large and wealthy firm—that of Jardine and Matthewson—actually +employed a heavily armed gunboat to assist +it in the accomplishment of this colossal outrage. It will +be remembered that when Li Hung Chang, then one of +the richest men in the world, visited this country a few +years ago he frequently asked the wealthy men whom +he met where they got their money. Whether or not he +had in mind at the time the manner in which certain +American and English fortunes had been accumulated in +his native land does not appear; but if his question had +been directed to the heads of some of the business houses +in Foo Chow and elsewhere in China while I was there, +it certainly would have produced, to say the least, no little +embarrassment.</p> + +<p>Poor China has suffered much from the impositions and +depredations of foreigners. Pillage and theft have +marked the paths of foreign invaders in a manner wholly +inconsistent with the code of honorable warfare, and acts +have been committed that would never be tolerated in +conflicts between Western nations. It was said that the +title of Comte de Pelikao was conferred by Louis Napo<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_307" id="Page_307">[307]</a></span>leon +upon General Charles Montauban for having presented +the Empress Eugénie with some superb black +pearls taken from the Imperial Summer Palace when it +was looted in 1860. At the same time and in the same +manner also disappeared many almost priceless gems, +costly articles of <i>vertu</i>, treasures in gold and silver and a +wealth of ancient manuscripts; while similar outrages +were ruthlessly perpetrated in the same unfortunate city +only a few years ago as the closing chapter in the Boxer +troubles. Unhappy China! She has felt the aggressive +hand of her Western "brothers" ever since the unwilling +invasion of her shores.</p> + +<p>About this time China was the resort of many adventurous +Americans, some of whom doubtless "left their +country for their country's good," with a view of seeking +their fortunes. We became very well acquainted with +a New Yorker named Augustus Joseph Francis Harrison, +a master of a craft sailing in Chinese waters. His early +life had been spent in Morrisania in New York, where +he had become familiar with the name of my husband's +relative, Gouverneur Morris, and was thus led to seek our +acquaintance. One day he came to the Consulate apparently +in ill health and told us he was in a serious condition. +It seems that he had employed an English physician +whose violent remedies had failed to benefit him +and had prompted him to declare that he had been mistaken +for a horse! He begged us for shelter and we accordingly +gave him a room and retained him at the Consulate +as our guest. We knew but little of medical +remedies, but we did the best for him we could, and in +due time were delighted to see that our patient was convalescing. +One day my husband and my daughter Maud +visited him in his room and, as a token of gratitude, he +presented to the little girl the "Pirates' God," one of his +most cherished treasures—a curious idol, which is still in +her possession. On the back of it he wrote the following<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_308" id="Page_308">[308]</a></span> +history:—"This idol, together with the whole contents of +two large pirate boats, was captured after a severe fight +of three hours, they having undertaken to take us by surprise; +consequently thirty or forty were killed. The rest +made good their escape by jumping overboard and swimming +ashore. The boats and contents, too, were sold."</p> + +<p>Foo Chow was a region frequently visited by typhoons, +in consequence of which a municipal law required houses +to be but one story high. During the latter part of our +residence in China we experienced the terrors of a storm +remarkable for its severity and in the course of which a +portion of the Consulate was blown down. After spending +some anxious hours in an underground passage in the +middle of the night, we were finally obliged to take refuge +in the <i>Hong</i> of Augustus Heard and Company. I shall +never forget, as we sat in this lonely cellar with the elements +raging above us, the imploring cries of my young +children, "I want to go home." It was while this storm +was raging that Mr. Gouverneur received the following +note from George J. Weller, the representative of this +well-known firm:—</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>My dear Mr. Gouverneur,</p> + +<p>The Barometer is going up—the wind will probably +abate a little soon, and perhaps then Mrs. G. and the children +can come. <i>Make</i> the coolies carry the chair. Three +can do it.</p></div> + +<p>The semi-tropical climate of Foo Chow, however, did not +agree with Mr. Gouverneur, in consequence of which we decided +to return home. His campaign during the Mexican +War had made serious inroads upon his health, from which +he never entirely recovered. It was hoped that his life in +the East would be beneficial, but it proved otherwise. +Meanwhile, the Civil War was raging in the United States, +but the news concerning it was very stale long before it<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_309" id="Page_309">[309]</a></span> +reached us. We did not receive the particulars of the +battle of Bull Run, for example, until three months after +its occurrence. In view of the turbulent state of affairs +at home, the government thought it important that Mr. +Gouverneur should remain at his post of duty until the +arrival of his successor, and he decided to do so. During +these days of uncertainty, however, my husband deemed +it wise that, if possible, I should return with the children +on a ship sailing under the protection of the British flag, +and I quite agreed with him. In due time the favorable +opportunity presented itself, and I embarked for America +in the British merchantman <i>Mirage</i>. The wisdom of Mr. +Gouverneur's judgment was fully confirmed, as the next +American vessel sailing from Foo Chow after my departure +was captured by a Confederate privateer. When +I went to China I took two little girls with me, and returned +with three. At the birth of the last daughter we +named her "Rose de Chine," in order to identify her +more intimately with the land of her nativity. Soon +after her birth, several Chinese asked me: "How many +girls do you keep?"</p> + +<p>We were the only passengers on the <i>Mirage</i> and, besides +having very superior accommodations on board, we +were treated with every consideration by its captain. +We were three months upon the homeward voyage and +the captain called it smooth sailing. We fell in with +many vessels <i>en route</i> and, to quote our skipper, we found +them "like human beings, some very friendly and others +stern and curt." When in mid-ocean we passed an American +vessel, the <i>Anna Decatur</i>, which seemed like a welcome +from home as it was named after a former New +York friend of mine, Anna Pine Decatur, a niece of Commodore +Stephen Decatur, who married Captain William H. +Parsons of the merchant service. Lieutenant Stephen Decatur, +U.S.N., a brother of Anna Pine Decatur, was a constant +visitor at our house in Houston Street in my young<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_310" id="Page_310">[310]</a></span> +days. During one of his cruises he was stricken with a +serious illness which resulted in total blindness. He subsequently +married but, although he never had the pleasure +of seeing his wife and children, his genial nature was +not changed by his affliction. In 1869 he became a Commodore +on the retired list, but some of the family connection +objected to his use of this title, as in their opinion +the world should recognize only one Commodore +Stephen Decatur, the naval hero of 1812.</p> + +<p>As we neared New York harbor I became decidedly +impatient and was congratulating myself one morning +that our long voyage was almost over, when I noticed +that the usually pleasant expression on the captain's +face had changed to one of extreme anxiety. I inquired: +"What is wrong, Captain?" and to my dismay he replied: +"Everything!" He then told me we were just +outside the pilot grounds, but that in all his experience, +even in Chinese waters, he had never known the barometer +to fall so low; and, to add to his anxiety, there was no +pilot within sight! It was a very cold February morning, +the thermometer having reached the zero mark, and +I went at once to my cabin to prepare for the worst. +The captain meanwhile commenced to make preparations +for a severe storm, but before we realized it the tempest +was upon us and our vessel was blown far out to sea, +where for three days we were at the mercy of the elements. +The rudder was tied, the hatches battened down +and there was nothing left to do but to sit with folded +hands and trust to that Providence whom even the +waters obey.</p> + +<div class="figcenter" style="width: 400px;"><a name="img9" id="img9"></a> +<a href="images/img09.jpg"><img src="images/img09th.jpg" width="400" height="261" alt="Mrs. Gouverneur's Three Daughters. + +Miss Gouverneur, Mrs. Roswell Randall Hoes, Mrs. William Crawford Johnson." title="" /></a> +<span class="caption">Mrs. Gouverneur's Three Daughters.<br /></span> +<span class='caption2'><i>Miss Gouverneur, Mrs. Roswell Randall Hoes, Mrs. William Crawford Johnson.</i></span> +</div> + +<p>I remember sitting in my stateroom one of those terrible +nights entirely alone and without even the comforting +sound of a human voice. Our life preservers were +within reach, but I fully realized that they would be of +but little avail in such a raging sea. During those anxious +moments, with my little children sound asleep in the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_311" id="Page_311">[311]</a></span> +adjoining cabin and quite oblivious of impending danger, +I wondered whether it would be my destiny to close my +earthly career on Rockaway Beach, near the spot where +I had first seen the light of day; but soon after those +anxious moments I was indeed grateful, as the captain +told me that if the wind had been in another quarter +all of us would have perished within a few hours. +Gradually the winds and storm ceased and, the waters +becoming calmer, we finally reached our haven without +even being subjected to the annoying presence of +a Custom House official, as the high seas had prevented +his visit. When I reached land I learned that the awful +storm had extended along the whole eastern coast and had +carried death and devastation in its track. The children +and I were driven to my mother's late residence, 57 West +Thirty-sixth Street, but she was no longer there to greet +me, as she had passed into the Great Beyond the year before +my return; but my sister Charlotte and my brother +Malcolm were still living there, both of whom were unmarried. +I had received such kindness from the captain +of the <i>Mirage</i> during the homeward voyage that I felt I +should like to make some fitting return, and accordingly +his wife and daughter became my guests.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_312" id="Page_312">[312]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER XIII</h2> + +<h3>THE CIVIL WAR AND LIFE IN MARYLAND</h3> + + +<p>As the time passed I became somewhat anxious over +the delay in Mr. Gouverneur's return to this country. +It seems, however, that, with neither of us +knowing it, we were upon the sea at the same time. His +homeward voyage was made by the way of the Isthmus +of Suez and Marseilles. For a while it seemed difficult for +either of us to realize that we were in our own country +once more, as the Civil War had turned everything and +everybody topsy turvy. When we left the country, party +animosities were pitched to a high key, but the possibility +of a gigantic civil war as a solution of political problems +would have been regarded as preposterous. On our return, +however, the country was wild with excitement over +an armed struggle, the eventual magnitude of which no +one had yet dreamed of. Newly equipped regiments were +constantly passing in our vicinity for the seat of war, the +national ensign and other emblems of loyalty were displayed +on every hand and a martial spirit pervaded the +very atmosphere. The war was the one important topic +of conversation at homes, in the streets and in places of +business. The passions of the people were so thoroughly +aroused that they were frequently expressed in severe denunciation +of any who presumed to entertain conservative +views of the situation of affairs and who still hoped for +conciliation and peace. Suspicions were often created by +trivial but well-intended acts or remarks that were susceptible +of a double construction, and loyal sentiment was +often so pronounced in its denunciation of the South that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_313" id="Page_313">[313]</a></span> +no word or remark could be tolerated that by any possibility +could be construed as a criticism of the administration, +a disapproval of the war or of any detail relating +to its conduct. For example, not long after our return +from China, while Mr. Gouverneur and I were visiting +my sister, Mrs. Eames, in Washington, we were watching +one day a newly equipped regiment from Vermont while +passing her residence <i>en route</i> for the seat of war, when +Mr. Eames remarked, "Gouverneur, isn't that a fine regiment?" +My husband, who then and always thereafter +was thoroughly loyal to the cause of the Union, but whose +military training had made him familiar with the precise +tactics and evolutions of regular troops, replied: "They +need training," when Mr. Eames, with much warmth of +feeling, exclaimed: "You are a secessionist, sir!"</p> + +<p>That, however, represented but a mild state of feeling +compared with that sometimes entertained between those +who were loyal to the Union and others who sympathized +with the South. I recall one conspicuous instance where +such antagonistic views resulted in personal animosity +that severed tender personal relations of long standing. +When I left the country a lifelong intimacy had existed +between Mrs. Charles Vanden Heuvel, a granddaughter +of Robert Morris, the great financier of the Revolution, +and Mrs. George Gibbs, granddaughter of the Connecticut +statesman, Oliver Wolcott; but after the outbreak of +the war these two elderly women differed so radically in +their views concerning the conflict that, for a period, their +personal relations were severed. The spirit of toleration +was so utterly lacking in both the North and the South +that even those allied by ties of blood were estranged, and +a spirit of bitter resentment and crimination everywhere +prevailed. This state of feeling, under the circumstances, +was doubtless inevitable, but it emphasized better than +almost anything else, except bloodshed itself, the truth +of General Sherman's declaration that "War is Hell!"<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_314" id="Page_314">[314]</a></span></p> + +<p>The animosities engendered by the war ruptured family +ties and familiar associations in Maryland much more +completely than in the North. One of the Needwood families +was that of Outerbridge Horsey, who was a pronounced +Southern sympathizer, while not far away at +Mount O'Donnell, a superb old estate, lived General Columbus +O'Donnell, who ardently espoused the cause of the +Union. Mr. Horsey had a son born just after a Southern +victory whom he named Robert Victor Lee; but later, +after a Confederate defeat, General O'Donnell suggested +that the name be changed to Robert "Skedaddle" Lee, +whereupon Mr. Horsey retorted that he thought the name +of a grandchild of General O'Donnell might appropriately +be changed to George "Retreat" McClellan. Of Charles +Oliver O'Donnell, one of the General's sons, I retain the +pleasantest memories. He was a gentleman of attractive +personality and a genial nature. His first wife was Lucinia +de Sodré, daughter of Luis Pereira de Sodré, who at +the time of his daughter's marriage was the Brazilian +Minister in Washington. Mr. O'Donnell's second wife +was Miss Helen Sophia Carroll of Baltimore.</p> + +<p>After remaining a few months in New York and a +shorter period in Washington, we visited Mr. Gouverneur's +father, who was still living at Needwood in Maryland. +Here we found a radical change of scene, for we +were now in close proximity to the seat of war. On our +journey southward we were somewhat delayed by the +rumor that General Lee was about to enter Maryland, rendering +it necessary for us to procure passes, which was +accomplished through the courtesy of General Edward +Shriver, a native of Frederick, who held at the time an +important official position in Baltimore. We had thought +when we arrived in New York that public feeling ran +high, but it was mild compared with our observations and +experiences in Maryland, and we never dared to predict +what a day would bring forth. Mr. Gouverneur's father<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_315" id="Page_315">[315]</a></span> +was a pronounced Northern man, but his wife's relatives, +as well as most of his neighbors, sympathized with the +South. Soon after the outbreak of the war, while we +were yet in China, and at the period when Maryland +was wavering between the North and South, and to +anxious spectators secession seemed almost inevitable, +my father-in-law and ex-Governor Philip F. Thomas left +one morning on a hurried trip to Frederick, where the +State Legislature was convened in special session, instead +of at the State Capitol in Annapolis, which was then occupied +by Union troops. A report had reached them that +the legislature would probably declare for secession and +call a convention to take into consideration an ordinance +for the accomplishment of that end, and they desired to +exert whatever influence they could command to retain +the State in the Union. The national administration, +however, was equally alert, and a measure much more effective, +in this instance, than moral suasion was employed +to defeat the adherents of the Southern cause. General +John A. Dix arrested ten members-elect of the State Legislature, +the mayor of Baltimore, a congressman and two +editors; while in Frederick, General Nathaniel P. Banks +took into custody nine other members who, under the suspension +of the writ of habeas corpus, were confined for a +time either in Fort Lafayette in New York or in Fort +Warren in Boston. I well remember that one of these +was Severn Teackle Wallis of Baltimore, a lawyer of exceptional +prominence and ability and a universal favorite +in society.</p> + +<p>Shortly before the battle of Gettysburg, when Frederick +County was occupied by the Union troops, many of +the officers dined at Needwood. A little later, although +over forty miles away, we knew that a great battle was +in progress, as we distinctly heard the steady firing of +heavy artillery. The news of the great Union victory +finally reached us and I listened in silent sympathy to the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_316" id="Page_316">[316]</a></span> +rejoicing of the Unionists and heard the lamentations of +the sympathizers with the Southern cause.</p> + +<p>After the battle of Gettysburg, the disorganized Southern +army came straggling along through Maryland, their +objective point being Harper's Ferry; while General +George G. Meade with his troops was on South Mountain, +within sight of the former locality. During the night +there arose one of the most violent storms I have ever +known, and we naturally supposed that it would render +the Potomac and Shenandoah Rivers, which meet at Harper's +Ferry, absolutely impassable, as all bridges had, of +course, been destroyed. The storm raged with such fury +that we were actually afraid to go to bed. Mr. Gouverneur +and I were elated because we believed it meant the +end of hostilities and the Union restored; for in our opinion, +it seemed impossible for human beings to successfully +contend with the elements and at the same time to live +under the fire of Meade's guns. It would therefore be +difficult to describe our surprise when we learned the next +morning that Lee's troops had safely crossed the Potomac +and were again on the soil of Virginia.</p> + +<p>Several days later Mr. Gouverneur and I were driving +on the national turnpike, commonly called the Hagerstown +pike, when we encountered the Union army. Our +destination was the country seat of ex-Governor Philip +F. Thomas, two miles from Frederick and within the +shadow of Catoctin mountain, which we were contemplating +as a future home. Our travel was not impeded except +by an occasional inquiry in regard to our political sentiments, +as the Northern army was prone to believe that +every sojourner in Maryland at this time was an adherent +of the South. This national turnpike, which has been +and still is a well-traveled thoroughfare, was constructed +at a cost of several million dollars and was generally +regarded as an extravagance of John Adams' administration. +In speaking of this road, which begins at<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_317" id="Page_317">[317]</a></span> +Georgetown, D.C., and crosses the mountains into Kentucky, +Henry Clay once remarked that no one need go +abroad for scenery after viewing "the Valley of the +Shenandoah, Harper's Ferry, and the still more beautiful +Middletown valley."</p> + +<p>We were so favorably impressed by the Thomas place +that we decided to purchase it and in a short time found +ourselves permanent residents of Frederick County, in +Maryland. We changed the name from "Waverley" to +"<i>Po-ne-sang</i>," which was the name of a Chinese Mission +and meant "a small hill." After seeing the children and +myself comfortably established in our new home, Mr. Gouverneur +felt that he was now free to give his services to the +country for which he had so valiantly fought during the +Mexican War. As he was still in exceedingly delicate +health, active service in the field with all the exposures of +camp life was entirely out of the question but, desirous +of rendering such services as he could, he wrote the following +letter to Major General Henry W. Halleck, Commander +in Chief of our Army:—</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>On my return from China, where I held the office of +Consul of the U.S., in the early part of May last I had +the honor, through the Honorable Secretary of State, to +offer my services to the President of the United States in +any capacity in which my military or other experience +might enable me to serve my country in its present hour +of peril. To my communication to this effect I have received +no reply.</p> + +<p>I have the honour now to tender to you my services on +your staff in some position wherein they may prove most +available.</p> + +<p>The record of my former services in Mexico is on the +files of the War Department, and I am without vanity led +to believe that the historical associations which place my +name in connection with that of James Monroe may give +a prestige in our cause not wholly valueless. In conclu<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_318" id="Page_318">[318]</a></span>sion +I beg to add that the subject of compensation with +me would be a matter of indifference.</p></div> + +<p>General Halleck replied as follows:—</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p class='right'>Washington, July 30, 1863.</p> + +<p>Samuel L. Gouverneur Jr.<br /> + New York.</p> + +<p>Sir,</p> + +<p>The law authorizing the appointment of additional +aides has been repealed. Moreover, I have long since refused +to nominate except for distinguished or meritorious +military services. It is true that some have been put upon +my staff without having rendered any service at all, but +they were not nominated by me, and I do not recognize +their appointment as legal.</p> + +<p class='indent3'>Yours &c.,</p> + +<p class='indent4'> <span class="smcap">H. W. Halleck</span>,<br /> +Major General Commanding.</p></div> + +<p>General Halleck seemed to be ignorant of the fact that +the chief requisite for serving upon his staff was not wanting +in the case of my husband, who, as before stated, was +brevetted for gallantry and meritorious conduct at the +battles of Contreras and Churubusco in the Mexican War.</p> + +<p>Halleck's reply was a bitter disappointment to Mr. Gouverneur +but a tremendous relief to me, as I knew he was +not in the condition of health to serve even as a staff-officer. +When he originally broached the subject to me I +did not try to dissuade him, as I felt that I had no moral +right to interfere with his ideas of duty to his country. +The Halleck letter, therefore, brought about a state of affairs +in our household much more satisfactory than my +most sanguine anticipations. Mr. Gouverneur, having +done his full duty, gave up his idea of re-entering the +Army and, in a spirit of contentment, began to take up +life in our new home.</p> + +<p>During the month of August, 1863, we had just gotten<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_319" id="Page_319">[319]</a></span> +fairly settled when the Confederate guerrilla chieftain, +John S. Mosby, appeared at our door with his band of +marauders. Their visit was brief and we were spared the +usual depredations—why, we knew not, unless it were +owing to the fact that Mr. Gouverneur's nephew, James +Monroe Heiskell, a mere boy of sixteen, who ran away +from home and swam across the Potomac to join Mosby's +band, possibly accompanied him. Mosby's men in the +East and Morgan's rangers in the West represented a +species of ignoble warfare. In reality they did not benefit +the cause which they professed to serve, but merely +molested inoffensive farmers by carrying off their stock +and thus depriving them of their means of livelihood. In +recent years I discussed with a Confederate officer, the +late General Beverly Robertson, Mosby's mode of warfare, +and he surprised but gratified me very much by saying +that in his opinion, it was a great injury to the Southern +cause. It seems hardly just that, during President Grant's +administration and later, official positions should have been +bestowed upon Mosby while the interests of other Confederate +officers who had fought a fair and honorable +fight and had battled, moreover, for their country during +the Mexican War, should have been neglected.</p> + +<p>These war experiences furnished strenuous days for us +in our new home and we lived in a state of constant excitement. +I well recall the first morning it was announced +to us by one of the colored servants, while we +were at the breakfast table, that "the rebels were coming," +and the feeling of timidity that nearly overpowered +me. Very soon some troops under the command of General +Bradley T. Johnson, a native of Frederick, marched +upon our lawn and encamped all around us. General +Johnson immediately came to our door and, although I +was in anything but a comfortable frame of mind, I summoned +all my courage and met him at the threshold. In +a very courtly manner—too much so, in fact, to be ex<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_320" id="Page_320">[320]</a></span>pected +in time of war—he remarked, "You are a stranger +here, madam." I responded: "My life here has been +short; my name is Gouverneur." He at once said: "I +suppose you are a relative of Mr. Gouverneur of the Maryland +Tract." I admitted the fact although I was not quite +sure it was discreet to do so, as the Union sentiments of +my father-in-law were generally well known, and I was +talking to a Confederate General. He and his officers +spent some time with us and we found them exceedingly +friendly, and thus, at least for a time, the terrors of war +were averted. Many years later I met General Johnson +in my own drawing-room when he and his wife came from +Baltimore to attend the wedding of my daughter, Ruth +Monroe, to his cousin, Doctor William Crawford Johnson, +of Frederick. We naturally discussed our first meeting +when he was greeted with less cordiality than he received +during his present visit.</p> + +<p>Upon learning of the approach of the Confederates, we +made rapid preparations for their advent. As we had +learned from our neighbors that the South stood in great +need of horses and we owned a number of them of more +than usual value, Mr. Gouverneur seized upon an ingenious +plan for concealing them. Under our house was +a fine cellar which, unfortunately, the horses refused to +enter until the steps leading into it were removed. When +this had been done, they were led down one by one into +a darkened room, and bags were securely tied over their +eyes to prevent them from neighing. During the visit of +the Confederates, which seemed to us interminably long, +owing to our anxiety about the horses, General Johnson +sat directly over their hiding place; but they behaved like +well-bred beasts and never uttered a sound. I had serious +misgivings, however, when I saw a mounted officer, riding +around the house to make a survey of the premises, stop +at the upturned steps. For a moment I thought all was +over and my feelings were akin to those, I fancy, of a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_321" id="Page_321">[321]</a></span> +person secreting stolen goods; but the investigation happily +went no further and he rode on.</p> + +<p>When the active preparations for hiding the horses were +in progress my children were running hither and thither +and watching the process with much interest and excitement. +I called them to me and in my sternest tones told +them of the near approach of the soldiers and gave them +to understand that if they said "horse" or "rebel devil" +in their presence I should punish them severely. They +had been taught by the negroes on the place to call the +Southerners "rebel devils," and I feared for the result if +they allowed their childish tongues to wag too freely. A +few hours later I spoke to one of the little girls upon some +topic entirely foreign to our original subject, but she was +so overawed by my threat and the presence of the troops +that she seemed afraid to utter a word. After a little +encouragement, however, she crept up to my side and +whispered: "Mamma, they have taken all of our saddles!" +General Johnson was still sitting on our porch, when a +soldier approached and asked for an ax. One was immediately +procured, when the General, asking the man's +name, said: "That ax is to be returned." This order +struck me as somewhat ludicrous when a little later I +learned that the ax was to be used in demolishing all of +our fences! This precaution was deemed important in +order to facilitate, if necessary, a more speedy retreat.</p> + +<p>As night approached we were asked if a guard would +be acceptable, and we were only too glad to avail ourselves +of such protection. As we were closing the house +for the night, after our strenuous day, one of the soldiers +on guard duty remarked to me, in a friendly voice: "Now +I am going to bed!" In my astonishment I said: +"Where?" The smiling response was: "On the porch, +to be sure!" In this state of unrest there was no repose +for us that night and we did not even attempt to undress, +as we knew not what an hour might bring forth. Just<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_322" id="Page_322">[322]</a></span> +before dawn there was a knock upon the front door and, +upon opening it, I found facing me a guard who, without +any apology, said: "I left my boots inside!" Before I +had locked the front door again and returned to my room, +the Southerners had "folded up their tents like the Arabs +and as silently stolen away." Only a short period had +elapsed when several mounted officers dashed up our +driveway and anxiously inquired: "Where are the +guards?" They gave me only time enough to say, +"They have gone," when they rode rapidly away. We +came to the conclusion that they were young men visiting +their relatives and friends in Frederick and that the retreat +was so sudden that no word of warning could be +sent them.</p> + +<p>We realized the next day that the hasty departure of +the Confederates was timely, as the Union Army was encamped +all around us. Some of the officers came to see +us and Mr. Gouverneur invited them to dine. This was +a period of sudden transitions, for that night the Union +Army retreated and the next day the Confederates were +with us again, dining upon the remnants of the meal left +by their adversaries. It was all we had to give them, as +all our colored servants, having been told that they would +be captured and taken further South, had fled upon hearing +of the second visit of the Confederates. This was +naturally a trying experience for me, as no servant except +a Chinese maid was left upon the place and I was in a +strange locality. But luckily I found the last set of officers +pleasant and congenial and ready to make due allowance +for all household deficiencies. Several of them +were natives of Loudoun County, Virginia, and were familiar +with our name, as they had lived near Oak Hill, +the estate of Mr. Gouverneur's grandfather, where my husband +had passed a portion of his early life. We soon learned +that country life during war times without satisfactory +servants was much more than either Mr. Gouverneur or<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_323" id="Page_323">[323]</a></span> +I had sufficient courage or strength to bear. This state of +affairs resulted in my husband going to New York, where +he secured a family of Irish immigrants consisting of a +woman and three men. The relative positions of the two +armies in our general vicinity had meanwhile shifted several +times and we never knew from day to day whether +we were destined to greet friend or foe.</p> + +<p>On the particular morning of which I am about to speak, +the Confederates were again with us. They were apparently +unacquainted with the topography of the surrounding +country and were naturally desirous of securing such +information as should enable them, in case of necessity, +to effect a speedy and secure retreat. We received an +early call from several of their officers who inquired the +way to the "Alms House Road." We had been so busily +engaged in trying to settle ourselves down under such adverse +circumstances that we knew actually nothing of the +surrounding country; and, when Mr. Gouverneur informed +our visitors of this fact, they looked at one another in +such a decidedly incredulous way as to convince us that +they thought we were withholding information. My husband +finally sent for John Demsey, one of our Irish immigrants, +who had driven considerably around the adjacent +country, and one of the officers in a rather offensive +manner renewed his query about the "Alms House Road." +To our chagrin, John's answer was, "I do not know;" and +Mr. Gouverneur, realizing that affairs were assuming a +rather serious aspect, said: "John, you do know; tell the +officer at once." With true Irish perspicacity he exclaimed: +"Oh, sir, you mean the 'Poor House road'—I +know that;" and forthwith gave the desired information. +In anything but pleasant tones the Irish youth was told +by the officers to accompany them as guide, and the order +was obeyed with both fear and alacrity. Mr. Gouverneur +then exacted from the commanding officer his word of honor +that the man be permitted to return, and remarked at the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_324" id="Page_324">[324]</a></span> +same time, in an ironical manner, that if they continued +to tear down our fences and commit other depredations +we should all of us know the location of the Alms House.</p> + +<p>At a much later period General Jubal A. Early's Army +passed our door <i>en route</i>, as at least he hoped, for Washington. +General John B. Gordon sent an orderly to our +house with his compliments to ask for a map of Frederick +County, which we were unable to supply. All through +the day the Southern troops continued to march by, until, +towards sunset, the rear of the last column halted in front +of our place. As we knew that a battle was imminent, +we awaited the result with beating hearts and anxious +hopes. When the firing of cannon began we know that +the battle of the Monocacy had begun and were truly +grateful that it was four miles away! The battle was +short and decisive and the Southern Army was repulsed. +The wounded soldiers were conveyed to Frederick, where +hospitals were improvised, and the dead were laid to rest +in Mount Olivet Cemetery, on the outskirts of the city. +Both Northern and Southern sympathizers became skilled +nurses and their gentle ministrations resulted in several +instances in romantic attachments. Among the young +physicians left in Frederick to attend the wounded soldiers +was Doctor Robert S. Weir, who subsequently became +distinguished as a surgeon in New York City. While +stationed at the hospital in Frederick, he met a daughter +of Robert G. McPherson, whom at the conclusion of the +war he married. Mrs. McPherson was Miss Milicent +Washington, who was a direct descendant of Colonel Samuel +Washington, a younger brother of George Washington, +and whose five wives are all interred in the graveyard +at the old family home, Harewood, in Jefferson County, +Virginia. Mrs. McPherson, one of whose ancestors was +Miss Ann Steptoe, who married Willoughby Allerton, was +also a niece of "Dolly" Madison.</p> + +<p>Prior to the battle of the Monocacy I discovered that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_325" id="Page_325">[325]</a></span> +our house was again surrounded by quite a number of +Northern soldiers. This was an usual occurrence, to be +sure, but this time they were making such a careful +scrutiny of the premises that I was led to inquire of one +of them what object they had in view. To my utter dismay +I was informed that as our house was upon a hill +they had selected it as "a position," and that our safest +place was in the cellar. We soon realized the wisdom of +this retreat as shells began to fly around us from several +directions and with much rapidity. We spent the greater +part of the day underground, wondering all the while how +long our involuntary imprisonment would last, as these +dark and dismal quarters were naturally a great restraint +upon the children and exceedingly depressing to Mr. Gouverneur +and myself.</p> + +<p>Although Northern in our sentiments, we sometimes +preferred the visits of the Confederates to those of their +adversaries, owing to the greater consideration which we +received from them. Upon the arrival of our own soldiers, +their first act was to search the house from garret +to cellar. At first I indignantly inquired their object +and was curtly informed that they were searching for +"concealed rebels." I gradually tolerated this mode +of procedure until one morning when we were routed +up at five o'clock, and then I protested. The Union +soldiers took it for granted that, owing to the locality +of our home, we were Southern sympathizers, and accordingly +at times seemed to do everything in their +power to make us uncomfortable. During those trying +days I frequently recalled the wise saying of Marechal +Villars, "Defend me from my friends, I can defend myself +from my enemies." We noticed, however, a great +difference in the conduct of the various detachments of +the Union Army with which we came in contact. We +always greeted the appearance of the 6th Army Corps with +much enthusiasm. It was composed of stalwart and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_326" id="Page_326">[326]</a></span> +sturdy veterans of the regular Army; and I trust its survivors +will accept my humble tribute of respect and esteem. +Very early in the morning of the day following +the departure of some members of this corps from <i>Po-ne-sang</i> +a private appeared at one of our rear doors and inquired +when the troops had departed. He had been indulging +in a sound sleep under one of the broken fences +and was wholly unconscious that his comrades had moved +away. He hesitated for some minutes as to the course he +should pursue and then hurried off toward Hagerstown. +We subsequently learned that he was shot at a point not +far distant and were impressed anew by the bloody horrors +attending our Civil War.</p> + +<p>General David Hunter made frequent visits to Frederick +and his approach was regarded with terror by those +in sympathy with the Southern cause. It was he who +performed the unpleasant duty of sending persons suspected +of disloyalty further South, thereby often separating +families. Many of his victims were elderly people +and it is difficult for me at this late day to describe the +amount of distress these orders occasioned. I remember +one case particularly well, that of Dr. John Thomas +McGill, a practicing physician who, together with his +wife, was ordered to proceed immediately. Mrs. McGill +was in very delicate health and the fright caused +by such summary proceedings, which by the way were not +carried out, tremendous Union influences having been +brought to bear, resulted in death. Many years after the +war I attended a supper party at the home of Judge and +Mrs. John Ritchie, when the guests drifted into war reminiscences. +Dr. McGill was present and, as the conversation +progressed, he was so overcome by his emotion that +an apoplectic stroke was feared.</p> + +<p>During the numerous visits of the Confederate army to +Frederick County, General "Joe" Johnston became a +great favorite and for some time made his headquarters<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_327" id="Page_327">[327]</a></span> +in the city of Frederick. I learned from Colonel William +Richardson, a beloved citizen of that place, that the General +was especially solicitous concerning the welfare of +the men under his command. One day, for example, he +found one of his soldiers eating raw persimmons and at +once reproved him for partaking of such unsuitable food. +The soldier explained that he was adapting his stomach to +the character of his rations. Although we did not see +Stonewall Jackson's troops pass on their march to Frederick, +we were aware of their presence there. Barbara +Frietchie, whom Whittier has immortalized, lived in a +small house on West Patrick Street, adjoining Carroll +Creek, but whether she ever waved a Union flag as Stonewall +Jackson's men were passing is a question concerning +which opinions differ. Southern sympathizers deny +it, while persons of Northern sentiments living in Frederick +assert that the verses of the Quaker poet represent +the truth. At any rate, a woman with such a name +"lived and moved and had her being" in that city. She +was interred in the burying ground of the German Reformed +Church, and frequently pilgrimages are made to her +grave, over which floats a Union flag not far from where</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">The clustered spires of Frederick stand<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Green-walled by the hills of Maryland.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>I may state, in passing, that it was during the Civil +War that the word "shoddy" was coined. It was originally +used to designate a class of inferior goods intended +for use in the army from the sale of which many fortunes +were made. Later the word was employed to designate +those who used such goods; and thus, by extension, one +heard not only of "shoddy people," but also of "shoddy +parties," "shoddy clothes," and so on.</p> + +<p>We heartily shared in the rejoicings of the North when +General Lee surrendered. In our country home we had<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_328" id="Page_328">[328]</a></span> +lived in an actual condition of camp life so long that at +its conclusion I remarked to my husband in a jocular vein +that I was prepared for a life with the Comanches! We +restored our damaged fences, dug up our silver which had +been buried many months under a tree in the garden, and +Mr. Gouverneur began to turn his attention to agriculture. +Our farm was among the finest in Frederick County, which +is usually regarded as one of the garden spots of the country. +Our social relations had been entirely suspended, as +the distractions attending the war had kept us so actively +employed; but that was now a past episode and we began +making pleasant acquaintances from Frederick and the +surrounding country. Among our first visitors were +Judge and Mrs. William P. Maulsby; Richard M. Potts and +his brother, George Potts; Mr. and Mrs. Charles E. Trail; +the Rev. Dr. and Mrs. George Diehl and their daughter +Marie, who in subsequent years endeared herself to the +residents of Frederick; Mrs. John McPherson and her +daughter, Mrs. Worthington Ross; Dr. and Mrs. Fairfax +Schley; Judge and Mrs. John Ritchie; Mr. and Mrs. Jacob +M. Kunkel; and the Rev. Marmaduke Dillon-Lee, an Englishman +who had served in the British Army and at this +time was the rector of All Saints Episcopal Church in +Frederick. He had been selected for this pulpit on account +of his neutral political views and we found in him a +congenial acquaintance. He remained in Frederick, however, +for only a short period after the war and was succeeded +by the deservedly beloved Rev. Dr. Osborne Ingle, +who, after a pastorate of nearly half a century, recently +passed to his reward. I can not pass this Godly man by +without an encomium to his memory. He came to Frederick +as a very young man and throughout his long rectorship +he was truly a leader of his flock and, like the +"Good Shepherd of Old," the sheep knew him and loved +him.</p> + +<p>It did not take long for Mr. Gouverneur and me to<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_329" id="Page_329">[329]</a></span> +discover that neither of us was adapted to a country life +under the conditions prevailing at the close of the War—so +very different from those existing in that locality at a +later period. He knew nothing of practical farming and +I knew nothing of practical cooking. Although I was +never entirely without domestic service, as I always had +with me the Chinese maid whom I had brought from the +East, we were not fitted, at the best, for such a life. The +result was that after one winter's experience we made +<i>Po-ne-sang</i> only our summer home. During the trials +and tribulations of that distant winter I often recalled a +remark which Lord Chesterfield is said to have made to +several persons whom he disliked: "I wish you were married +and settled in the country." It has even been asserted +that, in his absentmindedness and excitement incident +to encountering an infuriated cow, he addressed +the beast with the same words. This was a favorite anecdote +of General Scott, and it appealed to me then as +well as now, as I regard country life a forlorn fate for +all women excepting possibly those who are endowed with +large wealth with which to gratify every passing whim.</p> + +<p>The primitive life we led at <i>Po-ne-sang</i> was full of annoyances +and discouragements. For example, we had no +running water in our house and were supposed to supply +ourselves from a cistern in the yard which had contracted +the bad habit of running dry and for inconvenient periods +remaining so. We were therefore compelled to carry +all our water from a neighbor's spring at least a quarter +of a mile away. We tried to remedy this defect by boring +an artesian well, but all our attempts were unsuccessful. +Country life was distasteful to cooks as they preferred +to live in a city where they could make and mingle +with friends, and I soon learned that if I wanted to keep +a servant I must hire one who had a baby, and that is +just what I did. Although country life was distasteful +to her, too, she took her dose of medicine because she<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_330" id="Page_330">[330]</a></span> +could not help herself as no one else would employ her. +Often these babies were a source of great care to me, as +their mothers would neglect them—sometimes from ignorance +but more frequently from sheer indifference. I +remember one cook whose baby, owing to the lack of +proper attention, was actually in danger of starving to +death. She kept it in a wooden box under a tree in the +garden, and I was obliged at stated intervals to see that +the child was fed.</p> + +<p>During our summers at <i>Po-ne-sang</i> our servants made +both hard and soft soap in a large kettle which swung +from an iron tripod in the yard. They also made apple +and peach butter, a German marmalade that was highly +regarded in that section of the country. The apples or +peaches were allowed to cook slowly all day in a kettle +suspended from the tripod and were stirred by wooden +paddles, whose handles were long enough to enable them +to be worked at a convenient distance from the fire. In +making this marmalade, cider was regarded as an important +ingredient and the sugar was seldom added until +the last. Mr. Gouverneur experimented somewhat in wine +making. His success was almost phenomenal and we enjoyed +the fruits of his labor for many years. He used +Catawba grapes entirely, which were brought to our door +in wagon-loads by the country folk who surrounded us.</p> + +<p>The Maryland mountaineers, as I knew them, were very +similar in life and character to those in North Carolina, +of whom more or less has been written the last few years. +They had peculiar customs as well as quaint modes of action +and expression, and invented names for things and +conditions to suit themselves. I remember, for example, +that when persons showed signs of physical illness and +the exact nature of their maladies was uncertain they +were said to have "the gobacks." Frederick County was +settled by the early Germans and many of their expressions +are still in vogue. A peach dried whole with the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_331" id="Page_331">[331]</a></span> +seed retained is called a <i>hutzel</i>, and dried apples are +<i>snitz</i>. In this connection I am reminded of a German +family named House, which resided in Frederick and consisted +of four maiden sisters. Their means were limited +and they eked out their living by stamping from original +designs and taking in plain sewing. Their front door +was always locked and bolted, and to reach the inmates it +was necessary to pass through a gate leading into a long +alley and thence through a scrupulously clean kitchen and +up the steep and narrow back stairs to a small rear room, +where sat these four spinsters. The first one who met you +said, "Good-morning," and the others repeated the salutation +in turn until the last one was reached, who simply +said, "Morning." This laughable procedure was followed +in their subsequent conversation, for one of them had only +to lead off with a remark and the others repeated the close +of it. It is said that Crissie, the youngest of the quartette, +once had a beau with whom she sat each night for +many years in their prim parlor and that, when he finally +jilted her, one of her sisters was heard to remark, <i>àpropos</i> +of the broken engagement: "Just think of all them candles +wasted!"</p> + +<p>The second winter of our Maryland life was spent at a +hotel in Frederick where we formed a lasting friendship +with our fellow boarders, Judge and Mrs. John A. Lynch. +With my historical as well as social tastes, I found the +McPherson household a source of great pleasure and intellectual +profit to me. I knew Mrs. "Fanny" McPherson, +as she was invariably called, only as an elderly +woman who retained all the graces and charms of youth. +To listen to her tales of bygone days was a pleasure upon +which I even yet delight to dwell. She lived to a very +great age surrounded by her children, her grandchildren +and her great-grandchildren, and went to her grave beloved +by all. She was the granddaughter of Thomas Johnson, +the first Governor of Maryland. I remember read<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_332" id="Page_332">[332]</a></span>ing +on one occasion a letter which she took great pride in +showing me, written to her grandfather by Washington, +offering him the position of Secretary of State in his cabinet. +This flattering offer he declined, but to him is said +to belong the honor of having nominated Washington as +Commander in Chief of the Army.</p> + +<p>Mrs. McPherson was nearly related to Mrs. John Quincy +Adams, who was Louisa Catharine Johnson of this same +Maryland family, and, as she was an occasional visitor at +the White House during her relative's residence there, she +mingled with many prominent people. I recall a weird +story she once told me in connection with a daughter of +Smith Thompson, Secretary of the Navy under President +Monroe. It seems she married the Viscount Paul Alfred +de Bresson, the third Secretary of the French Embassy +in Washington, and subsequently many elaborate entertainments +were given in her honor in Washington. +She returned with her husband to Europe and several +months later her family received the announcement of +her death. As they had only recently received a letter +from her, when apparently she was in the best of health +and spirits, they felt somewhat skeptical and wrote at +once for more definite information. A few weeks later a +package reached them containing her heart preserved in +alcohol. Mrs. McPherson's older daughter, Mrs. Worthington +Ross, lived with her mother and ministered with +loving hands to her wants in her old age, while the remainder +of her life was devoted to unselfish labor in her +Master's vineyard. Her memory, as well as that of her +only child, Fanny McPherson Ross, who passed onward +and upward before her, is still revered in Frederick.</p> + +<p>Mr. Gouverneur and I also formed a pleasant acquaintance +with Rev. Dr. John McElroy, whose remarkable career +in the Catholic Church is well worthy of notice. Coming +to this country as a mere lad, he engaged in mercantile +pursuits in Georgetown, D.C., and when about sixteen<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_333" id="Page_333">[333]</a></span> +years of age became a lay Jesuit and in 1817 entered the +priesthood. After ministering to Trinity church in +Georgetown for several years, he was transferred, at the +request of Chief Justice Roger B. Taney, to Frederick, +where he built St. John's church, a college, an academy, +an orphan asylum, and the first free school in the city. +After remaining there for twenty-three years and establishing +a reputation for devotion to his church and rare +executive ability that made him one of the most useful +Jesuits in the country, he was sent back to his old church +in Georgetown and the following year went to the Mexican +War as Chaplain in the regiment commanded by +Caleb Cushing. During our occasional conversations it +seemed to afford him more than usual pleasure to discuss +with me the ability of his distinguished military chief. +After the war he was sent to Boston, where he became +pastor of St. Mary's church, and built the Boston College +and the Church of the Immaculate Conception. At the +age of ninety, he became blind and retired to the scene +of his early labors in Frederick, where, as the oldest Jesuit +in the world, he died in the fall of 1877. I remember +meeting him one day on the street when he proudly +announced that it was his birthday and that he was +sixty-nine years of age. I knew him to be much older, +and my words of astonishment evidently revived his senses +for, realizing that he had reversed his figures, he corrected +himself by adding, "I mean ninety-six." At that +time he was quite active, considering his extreme age, and +to the close of his life was much respected and beloved +by the residents of Frederick, irrespective of creed. I +attended his funeral and he was laid to rest in the burying +ground of the old Novitiate which he founded. It +was then that I saw for the first time the grave of Chief +Justice Roger B. Taney. The two-story brick house in +Frederick in which he lived is still standing, but it would +be regarded with contempt by any of the present Justices<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_334" id="Page_334">[334]</a></span> +of the Supreme Court of the United States. But how +natural, for how changed are the times! In an eloquent +address subsequent to Taney's death, Charles O'Conor +concluded with these words: "May the future historian +in writing of Judge Roger B. Taney sorrowfully add, +<i>Ultimus Romanorum</i>."</p> + +<p>Francis Scott Key, the author of "The Star-Spangled +Banner," is also buried in Frederick soil. For many +years his remains reposed in an unnoticed grave in Mount +Olivet Cemetery but, through the efforts of the citizens of +Frederick, and especially of its women, an imposing monument +now towers above him surmounted by a superb male +figure with outstretched arms. While living in Maryland +I frequently met Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase at the +residence of Mrs. Margaret Goldsborough, and was much +impressed by his imposing presence and courtly bearing. +Many years before, he had been a tutor in the Frederick +College, which still survives and whose walls bear the inscription +"1797." Mrs. Goldsborough was a lifelong resident +of Frederick and a woman of a high degree of intelligence. +Her daughter, Miss Mary Catharine Goldsborough, +I always numbered among my most cherished +friends.</p> + +<p>After a pleasant sojourn of a number of months in +Frederick, we went to spend the summer at <i>Po-ne-sang</i>, +where we had the satisfaction of entertaining quite a number +of old friends, among whom was the Hon. Lafayette +S. Foster, then Vice-President <i>pro tempore</i> of the United +States. Maryland was a familiar as well as a cherished +State to him, as in early life he had been a tutor in Centerville +on the "Eastern Shore." Mr. Foster's visit was +decidedly uneventful to him, as he was there entirely unheralded +and without even a newspaper notice to announce +his coming and going.</p> + + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_335" id="Page_335">[335]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER XIV</h2> + +<h3>VISIT TO THE FAR SOUTH AND RETURN TO +WASHINGTON</h3> + + +<p>In the autumn of the same year I decided to make a +long anticipated visit to Mrs. John Still Winthrop in +Tallahassee, whose marriage in Gramercy Park I +had attended so many years ago and which I have already +described. My two younger children accompanied me, +but my oldest daughter I left behind under her father's +protecting care at the Misses Vernon's boarding school in +Frederick. This period seemed especially suitable for +such a long absence, as the whole time and attention of +Mr. Gouverneur was engrossed in editing for publication +a posthumous work of James Monroe, which was subsequently +published by the Lippincotts under the title, +"The People the Sovereigns." We sailed from New York +and stopped <i>en route</i> in Savannah to enable me to see my +old friend and schoolmate, Mrs. William Neyle Habersham. +Sherman in his "March to the Sea" had passed +through Georgia, carrying with him destruction and devastation, +and the suffering which this and other campaigns +of the war had brought into the homes of these Southern +people it would be difficult to describe. The whole South +seemed to be shrouded in mourning, as nearly everyone +I met had given up to the "Lost Cause" a husband or +a son, and in some cases both. Two gallant sons of the +Habershams, mere boys, had died upon the same battlefield, +and when I saw Mr. Habersham for the first time +after the war he was so overcome with grief that he was +obliged to leave the room. Talented to an unusual degree +and possessing much fortitude, his wife fought bravely for<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_336" id="Page_336">[336]</a></span> +the sake of her dear ones still spared her, but every now +and then her sorrow asserted itself anew and seemed more +than her bleeding soul could bear. She was especially +gifted with her pen, and about ten years after the war, +while her heart was still wrung with grief, she wrote the +following pathetic lines:—</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Up above, the Pines make sweet music; sad, plaintive, +for must there not be a tone of "infinite sadness" in all +the places of Earth's finite gladness? From a spray of +jessamine I hear the chirp of a little bird—a young beginner; +it tries over and over again "its one plain passage of +few notes"—the prelude to the full-voice anthem which +summer will harmonize. Ah! what shades and sunlight! +what coloring! Green in the grass and trees, blue in the +violets and sky, gray in the moss, yellow in the jessamines, +falling around in a perfect Danæan shower of burnished +gold! My truant fancy sees all this—and more! A dear +hand that held mine, a "pure hand," a boy's hand, that +ere many summers had spread out their gorgeous pageantry +had drawn the sword for that dear summer-land +of the jessamine and pine—had drawn the sword and +dropped it; dropped it from the earnest, vigorous clasp +of glorious young manhood to lie still and calm, life's +duty nobly done; ah, a short young life but ... and +then the other young soldier! for is not my sorrow a twin +sorrow? Can they be dissevered? In death they were +not divided. My eyes grow dim. Wipe away the mist, +poor mother! to see the dear faces of sons and daughters +gracing the board. Let the blue of the violets breathe to +thee rather of endless skies and an eternal Heaven, where +earth's finite sadness is beautified into infinite gladness.</p></div> + +<p>We finally reached Tallahassee, where we found the +most cordial welcome awaiting us. Mrs. Winthrop lived +in the very heart of the city but our surroundings were +much more beautiful than I can describe, for the orange +trees and hyacinths and jessamine in full bloom and other<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_337" id="Page_337">[337]</a></span> +wealth of semi-tropical vegetation were suggestive of an +earthly Paradise. Since we last met my hostess had become +a widow, but fortunately she and her only son, who +was then just emerging into manhood, had not felt the +personal vicissitudes of the struggle, as they had taken +refuge in the mountains of North Carolina. Before the +war the Winthrops had owned hundreds of slaves and +most of them, in a state of freedom, were still living in +quarters only a short distance from the house and were +working on her plantations just as though the war had +not made them free. But both among those who suffered +from the war and those who escaped its ravages the unfriendly +feeling entertained at this time against their +Northern brethren was naturally intense. I remember +that one Sunday morning a young son of Mrs. Custis, +who with his mother was then an inmate of the Winthrop +household, asked his mother, who had just returned from +the early service of the Episcopal Church, whether "the +'Yankees' went up to the same communion table with the +Southern people."</p> + +<p>During my Tallahassee life I made the acquaintance of +Madame Achillé Murat, who lived in an old mansion outside +of the city limits. She was Miss Catharine A. Willis +of Virginia, and a great-grandniece of General Washington. +Upon her marriage to Achillé Murat he took her abroad, +where she was received with much distinction on account +of her Washington blood. Then, too, her marriage into +such an illustrious French family was an open sesame +to the most exclusive circles of society. She was an elderly +woman when I met her, but her conversation +abounded with the most interesting reminiscences of her +life in France. She died in the summer of 1867. +Achillé Murat was the son of Joachim Murat, the great +Marshal of Napoleon, whose sister Caroline he married +and became King of Naples. Many years later his two +sons came to this country. One of them settled in Borden<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_338" id="Page_338">[338]</a></span>town +in New Jersey, and Achillé Murat, after his marriage +to his Virginia bride, became a resident of Florida. +Madame Murat told me of some of the visits she made to +France when the voyage was long and tedious. She had +many articles of <i>vertu</i> around her, and I especially recall +a superb marble bust by Canova of her mother-in-law, +Queen Caroline. I expressed surprise at the extreme attractiveness +of the late Queen, as I had always understood +that the Princess Pauline, Napoleon's other sister, was the +family beauty. Madame Murat, however, told me I was +mistaken and that her royal mother-in-law was, in that +respect, quite the equal of her sister.</p> + +<p>During my acquaintance with Madame Murat, Napoleon +III. was on the throne of France, and I learned from +our many friendly chats that her relations with her distinguished +kinspeople were of the most cordial character; +and I am informed that for many years the Emperor gave +her an annuity. Hanging in her drawing-room, whose contents +were replete with historic association, were two handsome +portraits of the Emperor and Empress of France, +which she called to my attention as recent gifts from her +royal relatives. That prince of hosts, Gouverneur Kemble, +once told me an amusing incident <i>àpropos</i> of Achillé +Murat's resourcefulness under peculiar difficulties. On +one occasion quite a number of foreign guests appeared at +the Frenchman's door and, although Florida is a land +"flowing with milk and honey," he was sorely perplexed +to know what would be "toothsome and succulent" to +serve for their repast. Suddenly an idea flashed upon +him. He owned a large flock of sheep and, nothing +daunted, gave immediate orders to have the tips of their +ears cut off. These were served in due form, and his +guests departed in total ignorance of what they had eaten +but fully convinced that America produced the choicest +of viands.</p> + +<p>Upon one of her numerous visits to France, Madame<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_339" id="Page_339">[339]</a></span> +Murat was accompanied to the Louvre by Mr. Francis Porteus +Corbin, a Virginian whose contemporaries proudly asserted +was an adornment to any court. While they were +engaged in viewing the works of art, Madame Murat was +joined by Jerome Bonaparte, to whom she formally presented +Mr. Corbin. When the opportunity arose Bonaparte +inquired of his kinswoman who "the elegant gentleman" +was. The ready response was: "Mr. Corbin, of +Virginia." "Well," was the ejaculation, "I had no idea +there was so much elegance in America."</p> + +<p>I think these pages will show that all through life I +have had a decided fancy for older men and women. I +can hardly account for this taste except by the fact that +my predilections have always been of a decidedly historical +character. As another instance, I especially enjoyed +my meeting in the far South with Judge Thomas Randall, +who made his home in Tallahassee, but who was originally +from Annapolis. He did not allow advanced years +to interfere with his social tastes, but frequently accompanied +us to parties, where his vivacity rendered him one +of the most acceptable of guests. Still another elderly +gentleman with whom I had the pleasure of becoming acquainted +during this Southern sojourn was Francis +Wayles Eppes. He was the son of U.S. Senator John +Wayles Eppes, whose wife was Maria Jefferson, elder +daughter of Thomas Jefferson. He left Virginia many +years prior to my acquaintance with him and settled with +several members of the Randolph family in Western +Florida when it was almost a wilderness.</p> + +<p>I left with keen regret this picturesque land of flowers +and stately oaks, but duty called me home, as my husband +and little daughter were growing impatient over our long +absence. It would seem that the observance of timetables +differed in those days according to localities and +other circumstances. I was informed that the train I +should take from Tallahassee would leave <i>about</i> such and<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_340" id="Page_340">[340]</a></span> +such a time; but upon my inquiring in Savannah as to +whether the ship upon which I proposed to embark for +Baltimore would leave on time, I was explicitly told by its +captain that if I were a minute late I should not be one +of its passengers.</p> + +<p>After my return to Maryland, the home of our adoption, +we abandoned the idea of country life, sold our residence +and took up our abode in Frederick. My children +were now reaching an age when education became an important +matter and I took advantage of the Frederick +Female Seminary, an institution that has since become a +college, as an excellent place to which to send my eldest +daughter. It was during this period of transition that it +was my good fortune to meet for the first time the wife of +the Hon. Henry Gassaway Davis of West Virginia, who +was a native of Frederick and a daughter of Gideon +Bantz. Her two older daughters, Hallie, the widow of +U.S. Senator Stephen B. Elkins, and Kate, who subsequently +became the wife of Robert M. G. Brown of the +U.S. Navy, were boarding pupils at the same school; and +Mrs. Davis frequently visited them while there. My +daughters formed an intimate friendship with Mrs. +Brown, whom at a later day we often welcomed as a guest +in our Washington home. She has since passed "over the +river," having survived her mother for only a few months, +and her memory is hallowed in my family circle. Mrs. +Elkins, the promising young girl of so many years ago, is +widely known in Washington and elsewhere for her +womanly tact, intelligence and fine presence. Grace, another +of Mrs. Davis' daughters, is now Mrs. Arthur Lee +of Washington, but was born after my earlier acquaintance +with her mother in Frederick. Loved and admired, +she resides in Washington surrounded by an exclusive +coterie, and devotes much of her time and means to works +of philanthropy.</p> + +<p>The prominent authoress, Mrs. Elizabeth F. Ellet, was<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_341" id="Page_341">[341]</a></span> +repeatedly our guest while we were living in Frederick. +A volume of her poems had appeared as early as 1835, +and she subsequently published quite a number of books +which were highly regarded. When she first came to +visit us, her "Women of the American Revolution" had +just appeared and her journey to Maryland was for the +purpose of collecting data for a new work which later was +published under the title of "The Court Circles of the +Republic." Besides being a gifted writer, Mrs. Ellet had +considerable histrionic ability, and I have now before me +an old newspaper clipping containing an account of an +entertainment given by me in her honor when she recited +from "Pickwick Papers", "Widow Bedott" and "The Lost +Heir." Another party at which music and recitations +were a prominent feature was given to Mrs. Ellet in Frederick +by Mrs. Charles E. Trail, a gifted woman who thoroughly +appreciated intellectual accomplishments wherever +found.</p> + +<p>My first acquaintance with the Hon. Joseph Holt, who +at the time was Judge Advocate General of the Army, began +in Frederick in 1869. He was a Kentuckian by birth +and, after serving for a time as Postmaster General under +President Buchanan, succeeded, in 1860, John B. Floyd +of Virginia as Secretary of War. He made frequent +visits to Frederick where he was always the guest of the +Rev. Dr. and Mrs. George Diehl. He was a typical Kentuckian, +over six feet tall, and in my opinion no one could +have known him well without being impressed by his intellectual +ability. After we returned to Washington +to live, in 1873, Judge Holt was a constant visitor at our +home and I frequently attended handsome entertainments +given in his residence on Capitol Hill. Although I have +been in society more or less all of my life, I can say without +hesitancy that he more perfectly understood and practiced +the art of entertaining—it certainly <i>is</i> an art, and +possessed by but few—than any other person I have ever<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_342" id="Page_342">[342]</a></span> +known. His second wife, who was Miss Margaret Anderson +Wickliffe of Kentucky, had died in 1860 and, as he +had no children, he was living entirely alone.</p> + +<p>From my earliest acquaintance with Judge Holt I was +deeply impressed by the cloud of sadness that seemed to +envelop him, and I never learned until I had known him +many years and really called him my friend that he was +laboring under a deep sense of wrong and injustice. +Without entering into exhaustive details, the main facts +are substantially these: In 1865 Mr. Holt was Judge Advocate +General of the Army and as such was the prosecuting +officer before the Military Commission convened by +order of President Johnson for the trial of Mrs. Mary E. +Surratt and others for complicity in the assassination of +Lincoln. The findings and sentence of the Commission were +accompanied by a recommendation signed by a majority +of its members in which they "respectfully pray the President, +in consideration of the sex and age of the said Mary +E. Surratt, if he can, upon all the facts in the case, find +it consistent with his sense of duty to the country, to +commute the sentence of death, which the Court have been +constrained to pronounce, to imprisonment in the penitentiary +for life." This recommendation for executive +clemency remained unknown to the public until it was incidentally +referred to by the Hon. Edwards Pierrepont, +counsel for the government in the trial of Mrs. Surratt's +son in 1867. This was followed in subsequent years, and +after Andrew Johnson had ceased to be President, by a +controversy in which reflections were made upon the personal +and official integrity of Judge Holt by the charge +that he had never presented the recommendation for +clemency to the President. The matter finally sifted itself +down to a question of personal veracity between the +ex-President and Judge Holt, in which the latter affirmed +that "he drew the President's attention specially to the +recommendation in favor of Mrs. Surratt, which he read<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_343" id="Page_343">[343]</a></span> +and freely commented on"; and was contradicted by the +ex-President in the assertion that "in acting upon her +case no recommendation for a commutation of her punishment +was mentioned or submitted to me."</p> + +<p>The enemies of Holt accordingly held him indirectly +responsible for Mrs. Surratt's execution, and against such +a charge he naturally rebelled until the day of his death. +The most cruel feature of the whole affair, however, and +the one which probably did more than anything else to +sadden and becloud the remaining days of Judge Holt's +life, was the personal disloyalty of an eminent citizen +of his own State, who had been his intimate friend +from youth. I refer to James Speed, Andrew Johnson's +Attorney General. In 1883, after most of the prominent +actors in the scene were dead and the animosities caused +by the controversy were largely allayed—at a time, too, +when Holt realized that he was growing old and recognized +more keenly than ever the importance of leaving behind +a final refutation of the calumnies that had been +heaped upon him—he appealed to Speed, who, he believed +he had reason to assume was in possession of the exact +facts of the case; but all that could be wrung from him +were evasive words to the effect that he saw the petition +for clemency in the President's office, without intimating +whether it was before or after Mrs. Surratt's execution, +and that he did not "feel at liberty to speak of what was +said at cabinet meetings." An exchange of letters followed +between the two in which Speed excused himself for six +months on the pleas of bereavement and press of business, +and that he had lost his glasses, when he finally replied:—"After +very mature and deliberate consideration, +I have come to the conclusion that I cannot say more than +I have said." It is no wonder, then, that Holt, driven to +desperation by such treatment, wrote to Speed:—"Your +forbearance towards Andrew Johnson, of whose dishonorable +conduct you have been so well advised, is a great<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_344" id="Page_344">[344]</a></span> +mystery to me. With the stench of his baseness in your +nostrils you have been all tenderness for him, while for me ... +you have been as implacable as fate."</p> + +<p>While spending the summer of 1888 in Princeton, +Massachusetts, I read in the <i>North American Review</i> for +July of the same year the correspondence relating to the +Surratt question between Holt and Speed in 1883. Knowing +Judge Holt as I did, having firm faith in his version +of the controversy, believing him to be a victim of gross +injustice and realizing withal how keenly through all +these years he had felt the sting of misrepresentation, I +wrote him a lengthy letter. It was not long before I received +his reply, and I copy it here, as I believe it casts +an additional sidelight upon a subject which caused this +brilliant and high-minded gentleman bitter suffering from +which he never wholly recovered. I add several more letters +written to me by him which are beautiful in expression +but pathetic in character.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p class='right'><span class="smcap">Washington</span>, August 26th, 1888.</p> + +<p>Mrs. M. Gouverneur,</p> + +<p>My dear Madam:</p> + +<p>Your kind letter of the 14th instant was quite a surprise, +but a very agreeable one I assure you. My reply has been +thus long delayed from an impression that it would probably +more certainly reach your hands if addressed to you at +Frederick.</p> + +<p>I have read and re-read your letter with increasing gratification +and thankfulness. Truly am I grateful for the +friendly spirit that prompted you to make so thorough an +examination of the Speed correspondence as your <i>résumé</i> +of it discloses. That <i>résumé</i> is in every way admirable. +It has the clearness and logical force of a first-class lawyer's +brief. Indeed, I was on the point of asserting that +you have a good lawyer's head on your shoulders, but +prefer saying that you have a head which obeying the inspirations +of your heart enables you to discern and <i>appreciate</i> +the truth and extricate it, as well, from the entangle<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_345" id="Page_345">[345]</a></span>ments +of chicanery and fraud. Be assured, my dear +Madam, that I shall treasure up your letter fondly, at +once as a consolation and as a powerful support of the endeavors +which I have been making for years to rescue my +name from the obloquy of an accusation, than which nothing +falser or fouler ever fell from the lips of men or devils.</p> + +<p>It was a severe shock for my faith in human nature +when General Speed—with whom I had maintained relations +of cordial friendship for some fifty years—suddenly +allowed himself to become a compliant coadjutor of Andrew +Johnson in his diabolical plot to destroy me. The +<i>rôle</i> of suppressing the truth, which he voluntarily assumed +for himself and in which—without explanation or +defense—he persisted down to his grave, amounted fully +to this and to nothing less. Yet during all of that time +he <i>knew</i> me to be innocent, as well as I myself knew and +know it, and this he never denied. Alas, Alas! what a +masquerade is human life, and amid its heady currents +how rarely do we pause to think of the possibilities that +lurk under the disguise of its spotless reputations!</p> + +<p>I should be rejoiced to hear that the Summer has strewed +flowers and only flowers on the paths of your "outing," +and that you will be able to return to Washington glad +of heart and reinvigorated for the social duties in which +you find and bestow so much pleasure. For my own isolated +and infirm life home was thought to be the best +place, and hence I have remained here happily finding +under my own roof a contentment that has left me without +envy of those whose more fortunate feet have sought +the seashore and the mountain slopes. You yourself, however, +acted wisely and well in going away, since the world +is still pressing to <i>your</i> lips the sparkling cups, which for +my own are now but a dim, receding memory.</p> + +<p>I congratulate you on Miss Rose's approaching marriage +which you have been so good as to announce, and +sincerely hope that all the bright visions which the coming +event must be awakening will have an abounding fulfilment. +The invitation with which you have honored me +is accepted with thanks, and I shall attend the ceremony<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_346" id="Page_346">[346]</a></span> +with the higher gratification, realizing as I shall how +closely your own happiness is bound up with that of your +daughter.<a name="FNanchor_3_3" id="FNanchor_3_3"></a><a href="#Footnote_3_3" class="fnanchor">[3]</a></p> + +<p class='indent3'>Faithfully and gratefully your friend,</p> + +<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">J. Holt</span>.</p></div> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p class='right'><span class="smcap">Washington</span>, Nov. 3d, 1888.</p> + +<p>My dear Mrs. Gouverneur:</p> + +<p>I am in receipt of your very welcome letter of the 1st +instant and hasten to send the "Index" as requested. +Hope it may be of service in illustrating and supporting +your application. I shall preserve the Admiral's [Rear +Admiral Francis A. Roe, U.S.N.] emphatic words as a +cherished testimonial. The language of Mrs. Stanard is +also very grateful to me. Her favorable opinion is the +more prized and precious because she has known me so +long and so well.</p> + +<p>And now, my dear good friend, how can I sufficiently +thank you for your generous interest in this trouble of +mine—which has been a thorn in my life for so many +years—and for your surpassingly kind offices which have +been so effectively exercised in connection with it? Be +assured that while my poor words cannot adequately express +it, my heart will always throb with gratitude for the +tokens of good will with which you have so honored and +gladdened me.</p> + +<p>I feel much complimented by so early a receipt of the +invitation to Miss Rose's wedding, and I shall have great +joy in being present.</p> + +<p class='center'> * + * + * + * + *</p> + +<p class='indent3'>Faithfully yours,</p> + +<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">J. Holt</span>.</p></div> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p class='right'><span class="smcap">Washington</span>, D.C., January 21st, 1891.</p> + +<p>Dear Mrs. Gouverneur:</p> + +<p>I regret to be obliged to acknowledge the receipt of your +welcome letter by the hand of another, owing to the con<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_347" id="Page_347">[347]</a></span>dition +of my eyes. For many weeks their inflammation +has prevented me from reading or writing, and I fear that +this condition will continue for a good while to come. So +soon as I am able to do so I will either write or have the +pleasure of calling on you. In the meanwhile believe +me most grateful for your letter which, however, has been +but imperfectly read. The darkened chambers of my life +never had more need than at present of the sunshine +which your sympathizing letters have always brought me.</p> + +<p class='indent3'>Very sincerely yours,</p> + +<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">J. Holt</span>.</p></div> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p class='right'><span class="smcap">Washington, D.C.</span>, Jan. 26th, 1893.</p> + +<p>Dear Mrs. Gouverneur:</p> + +<p>Your last two letters have been received and I thank +you heartily for them. As tokens of your continued +friendly remembrance they are precious to me. I am +much obliged for the privilege of reading the letter of +Mrs. Vance [Mrs. Zebulon B. Vance], which is herewith +returned. It is another of the many indications I have +had of the subtle and wide spread circulation given to the +Johnson-Speed calumny to which you refer. It seems to +me that the poison is beyond the reach of any human antidote, +and that I must look to God alone for shelter from +it. Your generous and effective good offices in this matter, +so deeply affecting my reputation and happiness, have +filled my heart with an enduring gratitude.</p> + +<p>Your unflagging solicitudes, too, for my poor waning life +have much added to that debt of gratitude, great as it was +and is. Let the good Lord be praised for ever and ever +that spirits such as yours have been born into the world.</p> + +<p>I am obliged to address you in this brief and unsatisfactory +manner by the hand of another. After two years +and a half of continued treatment I have as yet received +no relief whatever, nor do the eminent physicians who +have treated me afford me any encouragement for the +future. While the world feasts, it is evident that <i>my</i> lot is +and must be <i>ashes</i> for <i>bread</i>.</p> + +<p>Hoping that you are drinking yourself freely from the<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_348" id="Page_348">[348]</a></span> +fountain of happiness you open for others, I remain</p> + +<p class='indent3'>Very sincerely your friend,</p> + +<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">J. Holt</span>.</p></div> + +<hr style='width: 45%;' /> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p class='right'><span class="smcap">Washington, D.C.</span>, April 12, 1893.</p> + +<p>My dear good friend:</p> + +<p>I regret much to be obliged to communicate with you +by the hand of another, but my poor life seems to be fixed +by fate on the down grade, and at present there is no encouragement +to believe that the future has anything better +in store for me.</p> + +<p>I send you a number of the North American Review +containing the correspondence to which you refer between +General Speed and myself. In it there is also a detached +printed letter of Colonel Brown which is important. And +I must ask that both this letter and the number of the +Review be carefully preserved and after their perusal by +your friend be returned to me, as I have no other copies +and wish to preserve these. I am sorry that the sad circumstances +of my condition prevent me from thanking +you in person for your continued interest in my reputation +which has been so basely assailed, but I trust as triumphantly +vindicated.</p> + +<p>I thank you sincerely for what you have said of Mrs. +Kearny. It would be a great gratification to me to have +an interview with her on the long, long ago, but this is a +pleasure which I now have no encouragement to promise +myself.</p> + +<p>Believe me most grateful for the repeated calls and inquiries +as to my health which you have been so good as to +make. Such calls are precious fountains of consolation +that will not go dry.</p> + +<p class='indent3'>Very sincerely your friend,</p> + +<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">J. Holt</span>.</p></div> + +<p>It has been asserted upon high authority that after the +conviction and sentence of Mrs. Surratt her daughter +Anna, as well as Catholic priests and prominent men in +Washington, attempted to see the President in order to intercede +for executive clemency in her behalf, but were<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_349" id="Page_349">[349]</a></span> +denied admission by Preston King, Collector of the Port +of New York and then a guest at the White House, and by +U.S. Senator James Lane of Kansas. It has also been +said that Mrs. Stephen A. Douglas succeeded in reaching +the President by pushing herself past the guards, but her +attempts in behalf of the condemned woman were fruitless.</p> + +<p>I knew Preston King very well and his political career +interested me deeply. He was from St. Lawrence County, +New York, and in my girlhood I often heard it asserted +that the mantle of Silas Wright had fallen upon him. I +saw much of him in 1849 when I was visiting the Scotts +in Washington, and was particularly impressed by his exceptionally +sensitive nature. General Scott once told me +that at one period of his military career he was ordered +to quell a disturbance between Canadians and Americans +near Ogdensburg, the home of Mr. King, and that the +latter was so seriously affected by the scenes he witnessed +at that time that it was long before he recovered his +normal condition of mind. During President Johnson's +administration Mr. King, while Collector of the Port of +New York, boarded a Jersey City ferry boat one morning, +attached weights to his person and jumped into the river. +When the news of his death reached me I was not surprised +as I had seen evidences of his nervous temperament +which might well result in acts indicative of an +unbalanced mind. He was a man of big heart and exceptional +ability, and in his death the State of New York lost +one of her most gifted and distinguished sons.</p> + +<p>The Frederick County agricultural fairs, as far back +as my memory of that quaint Maryland town goes, have +always been a feature of special interest not only to the +farmers of that productive region but also from a social +point of view. In bygone days some of the most distinguished +men of the nation made addresses at these "cattle +shows," as they were called by the country folk. I recall +the visit of President Grant on one of these occasions when<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_350" id="Page_350">[350]</a></span> +he was the guest of Mrs. Margaret Goldsborough. He +was accompanied by General Sherman and made a brief +address. The evening of the day these distinguished +guests arrived Mrs. Goldsborough gave a dinner in their +honor, which Mr. Gouverneur and I attended. The entertainment +was served in the style then prevalent among old +Maryland families in that vicinity, the <i>pièces de resistance</i> +being chicken, fried to perfection, at one end of the table +together with an old ham on the opposite end. To these +were added "side trimmings," enough to almost bury the +table under their weight. President Grant was then filling +his first term as Chief Executive of the nation and, +although Mr. Gouverneur had known him in Mexico, it +was my first glimpse of the distinguished man. As a +whole we were a merry party, but Grant was a reticent +guest. General Sherman, however, as usual made up for +all deficiencies in this line, and as he sat next to me I +found him to be a highly agreeable conversationalist. +This dinner party proved a great social success and at its +conclusion a number of prominent citizens called to pay +their respects to the guests of honor.</p> + +<p>The next year Horace Greeley was the orator of the day +at the Frederick fair, and it fell to our lot to entertain +him. He wrote the following letter to my husband:—</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p class='right'><span class="smcap">New York Tribune</span>, New York, Oct. 1, 1871.</p> + +<p>Dear Sir:</p> + +<p>I expect to be duly on hand to fulfil my engagement to +speak at your County Fair and to stop with you, if that +shall be agreeable to those who have invited me. Will +you please see Mr. C. H. Keefer who invites me and say +to him that I am subject to his order and, with his consent, +I shall gladly accept your invitation.</p> + +<p class='indent3'>Yours,</p> + +<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">Horace Greeley</span>.</p> + +<p> +S. L. Gouverneur, Esq.,<br /> + Frederick, Maryland.</p> +</div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_351" id="Page_351">[351]</a></span></p> + +<p>As Mr. Greeley about this time was appearing upon +the political horizon as a prospective presidential candidate, +much interest was naturally centered in his visit. +His appearance was decidedly interesting. He was of +the blond type, past middle life and in dress anything but +<i>à la mode</i>. I am no student of physiognomy, but if the +question had been asked I should have said that his most +prominent trait of character was benevolence. He wore +during this memorable visit the characteristic white hat, +miniature imitations of which during his presidential candidacy +became a campaign badge. I am the fortunate possessor +of two of these souvenirs. They are made of white +metal and are attached to brown ribbons, the color of the +latter standing for B. Gratz Brown, the candidate for +Vice-President upon the Greeley ticket.</p> + +<p>This visit was the pleasing forerunner of a sincere +friendship between my husband and Horace Greeley. In +our intimate association of a few days we recognized as +never before his conscientious purpose and intellectual +power, and Mr. Gouverneur was so deeply impressed by +his remarkable ability and sterling character that later in +the same year he started a newspaper in Frederick, which +he called <i>The Maryland Herald</i>, with a view of advocating +his nomination for the Presidency. My husband had +never before been especially interested in politics, but he +now entered the political arena with all the enthusiasm +of his intense nature, and, at a mass meeting in Frederick, +was chosen a delegate to the National Liberal Republican +Convention in Cincinnati, which resulted in the nomination +of Greeley and Brown. Although this party was +largely composed of Republicans who had become dissatisfied +with the Grant administration, it will be remembered +that its candidates were subsequently endorsed by +the Democratic party at its convention in Baltimore, and +that the fusion of such hitherto discordant political elements +added exceptional interest to the subsequent cam<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_352" id="Page_352">[352]</a></span>paign. +The venerable Thomas Jefferson Randolph, grandson +of the author of the Declaration of Independence, although +he had reached the advanced age of eighty years, +was chosen as the temporary chairman of the Baltimore +Convention. The proceedings of the Cincinnati delegates +were replete with interest and the enthusiasm was intense. +During the uproarious demonstration in the convention +hall, immediately following Greeley's nomination, Mr. +Gouverneur's friend, John Cochrane of New York, of whom +I have spoken elsewhere, in the excitement of the moment +gave expression to his delight in an Indian war dance, +and other usual scenes of boyish hilarity prevailed.</p> + +<p>My husband's paper had been the first of the Maryland +press, and long before the Convention, to place the name +of Greeley at the head of its columns, but others +followed, and for a time the movement, both in that +State and elsewhere, appeared to gain strength and to assume +formidable proportions. Subsequent events, however, +proved that it would have been better if the newborn +babe had been strangled at its birth, as it was destined to +enjoy but a brief and precarious existence. Although the +movement commanded the support of the united Democracy +and enlisted the active sympathies of able men from +the Republican ranks—such as Carl Schurz, Whitelaw +Reid, Charles A. Dana, Charles Francis Adams, Lyman +Trumbull, David Davis, Andrew G. Curtin and many +more—the voice of the people pronounced for Grant, and +in the latter part of the same month that witnessed his +defeat, poor Greeley died of a broken heart!</p> + +<p>Greeley's defeat was a severe blow to Mr. Gouverneur. +As the member from Maryland of the national committee +of the Liberal Republican Party, he had engaged in the +contest with his characteristic ardor, and his strenuous +but unsuccessful efforts had made inroads upon his health +that he could but ill afford. Under the circumstances, a +change of scene and employment seemed highly expedient,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_353" id="Page_353">[353]</a></span> +and we accordingly decided to break up our attractive +home in Frederick and return to Washington, where so +much of Mr. Gouverneur's life had been spent and where +I, too, had so many pleasant associations. It was in the +summer of 1873 that this plan was consummated, and we +began our second Washington life in a house which we +bought on Corcoran Street, near Fourteenth Street. It +was one of a row of dwellings built as an investment by +the late George W. Riggs, the distinguished banker, and +was in a portion of the city which still abounded in vacant +lots. Houses in our vicinity were so widely scattered +that we had an almost uninterrupted view of that part of +the District boundary which is now Florida Avenue. As +these were the days of horse cars, it was my habit to stand +in my vestibule and wait for a car, as I could see it approaching +a long distance off, although we lived half a +block from the route, which was on Fourteenth Street. +The entire northwestern section of the city, which is now a +semi-palatial region, was also, at that time, largely a sea of +vacant lots. The only house on Dupont Circle was "Stewart +Castle," and the fashionable part of the city was still +that portion below Pennsylvania Avenue, bounded on the +east by Seventeenth Street, although the general trend +in the erection of fine residences was towards the northwest. +Many of the streets were not paved, but the <i>régime</i> +of Alexander R. Shepherd, familiarly called "Boss +Shepherd," changed all of this, and the work of grading +commenced. It was a trying ordeal for property owners, +as it left many houses high in the air and others below the +customary grade, while many from the ranks of the poorer +classes, unable to meet the necessary assessments, were +forced to part with their homes. In the course of several +years, however, the situation righted itself. Cellars were +dug and English basements became prevalent, and it is +only occasionally that one now sees a house far above the +level of the street. We sometimes hear the praises of Mr.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_354" id="Page_354">[354]</a></span> +Shepherd sung, and without a doubt he made Washington +the beautiful city it is to-day, but he accomplished it only +at a tremendous cost—the sacrifice of many homes. Next +followed the paving of the streets with wooden blocks; and +I was much surprised when they were being laid on Fourteenth +Street, as I recalled the time during my earlier days +in New York when they were used in paving Broadway, +and I also well remember how speedily they degenerated +and decayed. I was told, however, that this form of block +was an improvement upon the old style, and was induced +to believe it until I saw Fourteenth Street and Pennsylvania +Avenue masses of holes and ruts!</p> + +<p>After we were fairly settled in our new home I made +the pleasing discovery that my next door neighbors were +our old acquaintances, Mr. and Mrs. Edmund Pendleton +Gaines. Mrs. Gaines was Frances Hogan, a former +neighbor of ours in Houston Street in New York. William +Hogan, her aged father, was living with her, and +their close proximity recalled many early memories. He +was a gentleman of broad culture and a proficient linguist, +and at an early age had accompanied his father +to the Cape of Good Hope. He formed an intimacy with +Lord Byron at Harrow, where he received the early portion +of his education. Byron was not then a student but +was occupying a small room at Harrow, which he called +his "den." Another of Mr. Hogan's daughters, who is +still living, wrote me that at this time Lord Byron was a +young man and her father a little boy. She says: "Lord +Byron often admitted my father to his room, when he +would make him repeat stories of his African life and +describe the occasional appearance of an orang-outang +walking through the streets of Cape Town." After his +father's return to New York, Mr. Hogan attended Columbia +College, from which he was graduated in 1811, and +afterwards studied law. He subsequently purchased land +in the Black River country and did much to develop that<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_355" id="Page_355">[355]</a></span> +portion of his native State. The town of Hogansburg in +Franklin County was named after him. He became a +county judge and member of Congress and later resided in +Washington, where he was employed in the Department of +State, first as an examiner of claims and then as an official +interpreter.</p> + +<p>A short distance from our home and on the same street +lived Dr. and Mrs. Alexander Sharp with their large and +interesting family of children, one of whom, bearing the +same name as his father, recently died in Washington +while a Captain in the Navy. Dr. Sharp's wife was a +younger sister of Mrs. U. S. Grant, and her husband was +ably filling at the time the position of U.S. Marshal of +the District of Columbia. A few doors from Mrs. Sharp's +lived her sister-in-law, the widow of Louis Dent; and in +the same block, but nearer Thirteenth Street, were the residences +of two agreeable Army families, Colonel and Mrs. +Almon F. Rockwell and Colonel and Mrs. Asa Bacon +Carey, the latter of whom was the niece of the late Senator +Redfield Proctor of Vermont. I formed a pleasant friendship +almost immediately with Mrs. Sharp and was always +received with much cordiality in her home. Corcoran +Street, in fact, from a social point of view, proved to be an +ideal locality until its tranquillity was disturbed by the +advent of Mr. —— and family, the former of whom was +the Washington representative of a prominent New York +daily paper whose columns had been strongly denunciatory +of Grant and antagonistic to his election, while they +abounded in praises of Greeley. Both Mr. and Mrs. —— +were persons of much culture, but they were unfortunate +in their selection of a home, as the personal and political +sentiment of the neighborhood was friendly to Grant, while +his family connections, the Dents and Sharps, residing in +that part of the city, were deservedly popular. My own +position was one of much delicacy. Although I was especially +fond of Mrs. Dent and Mrs. Sharp, I could not, in<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_356" id="Page_356">[356]</a></span> +view of Mr. Gouverneur's active interest in the Greeley +campaign, be quite so enthusiastic over the Grant administration +as were most of my neighbors, and, therefore, +when I was invited by a mutual friend to call upon Mrs. —— +I had no hesitation in doing so. I was taken to task +for my act, however, by some of my friends, but I survived +the rebuke and am still alive to tell the tale. I was +told that, several months after the family just referred to +was established in its Corcoran Street home, Mrs. —— +was returning unaccompanied to her residence one evening, +when a colored man, carrying a bucket of mud in one +hand and a brush in the other, ran after her and besmeared +her clothing; but the Dents and Grants were not of the +class of people to approve of such a ruffianly act, nor +were any of the other decent residents in the community. +If Mrs. Sharp ever had any feeling in connection with my +calling upon Mrs. ——, I never knew of it. Our relations +were of the most cordial character from the first, and when +her niece, Nellie Grant, was married to Algernon Sartoris +she brought me a box of wedding cake, coupling with +it the remark that she knew of no one more entitled to it +than I—referring, I presume, to the associations connecting +the Gouverneur family with the White House. After +the close of the Grant administration, Dr. Sharp was appointed +a paymaster in the Army and for many years resided +with his family in Yankton, Dakota. I remained +in touch with Mrs. Sharp, however, and for a long period +we kept up an active correspondence.</p> + +<p>At this period Vice-Presidents were not so much <i>en évidence</i> +as later, and Vice-President and Mrs. Schuyler Colfax +lived quietly in Washington and mingled but little in +the social world. During his life at the Capital, Mr. Colfax +repeatedly delivered his eloquent oration on Lincoln, +which concluded with the lines of N. P. Willis on the +death of President William Henry Harrison:<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_357" id="Page_357">[357]</a></span>—</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Let us weep in our darkness, but weep not for him—<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Not for him who, departing, leaves millions in tears,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Not for him who has died full of honor and years,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">Not for him who ascended Fame's ladder so high,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">From the round at the top he has stepped to the sky.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>Directly back of us on Q Street lived an old and intimate +friend of mine, Mrs. Septimia Randolph Meikleham, the +last surviving grandchild of Thomas Jefferson. She was +the widow of Dr. David Scott Meikleham of Glasgow, who +was a relative of Sir Walter Scott and died in early life +in New York. Mrs. Meikleham was the seventh daughter +(hence her name "Septimia," suggested by her grandfather) +of Governor Thomas Mann Randolph of Virginia +and his wife Martha, the younger daughter of +Thomas Jefferson. She was born at Monticello and was +familiarly known to her intimate friends as "Tim," a +name in surprising contrast with her elegance and dignity. +She bore a striking resemblance to her grandfather, +and, although a woman of commanding presence, was simple +and unaffected in manner. Strong in her convictions, +attractive in conversation and loyal in her friendships, +she and her home were sources of great delight to me, and +it was pleasing to both of us that her children and mine +should have been brought into intimate contact. Mrs. +Meikleham and I often dwelt upon this family intimacy +extending unbroken from Jefferson and Monroe down to +the fourth generation. In the same block with Mrs. Meikleham +lived Mr. and Mrs. John W. Douglas, the former +of whom, some years later, during the Harrison administration, +was one of the District Commissioners. A +daughter of his is the wife of Henry B. F. Macfarland, +the late Senior Commissioner of the District, who, as well +as his wife, is universally respected and beloved in Washington. +On the same street, but on the other side of +Fourteenth Street, Colonel and Mrs. Robert N. Scott resided +for many years; while just around the corner, on<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_358" id="Page_358">[358]</a></span> +Iowa Circle, in what was then a palatial home, lived Allan +McLane and his only child, Anne, who married from +this house John Cropper of New York. She is now a +widow but lives in Washington, where she is greatly beloved. +In this same general region, on the corner of +N and Fourteenth Street, lived Lieutenant Commander +(now Rear Admiral) and Mrs. Francis J. Higginson, +and the latter's attractive sister, Miss Mary +Haldane.</p> + +<p>Not far from our dwelling on Corcoran Street lived the +attractive wife of <i>Monsieur</i> Grimaud de Caux, <i>Chancelier</i> +of the French legation, who left unfading memories behind +her. During our many delightful chats I was much +interested in the accounts of her early life and experiences +in Ireland, and I especially recall many things she told me +concerning the members of the Wilde family, with whom +she had been quite intimately associated. I learned from +her that Oscar Wilde inherited his æsthetic tastes largely +from his mother. She was a woman of unusual type and +habitually dressed in white—at a time, too, before white +garments had become so generally prevalent. I was also +told that Oscar Wilde's father was an oculist of some +prominence, and that he built a mansion so singular in its +construction that the wits of Dublin called it "Wilde's +eye-sore."</p> + +<p>Another of my intimate friends of those days was Mrs. +Mary Donelson Wilcox, widow of the Hon. John A. Wilcox, +formerly Secretary of the U.S. Senate, a Member of Congress +and a veteran of the Mexican War. She was a +woman of rare intellectual ability, and subsequent to her +husband's death was for a time one of the official translators +of the government. She was the daughter of Colonel +Andrew Jackson Donelson, a nephew of President +Jackson as well as his adopted son and private secretary. +General Jackson when President was a widower, +and it was while Mrs. Donelson was presiding as mistress<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_359" id="Page_359">[359]</a></span> +of the White House that Mrs. Wilcox was born. Her +memory remained clear until her last illness, and her recollections +of prominent men and events, extending back to +her childhood, and especially those of her early life at the +White House, were of exceptional interest. I was especially +amused by her account of the prompt manner in +which General Jackson sent her mother back to Tennessee +because she refused to accord social recognition to the +wife of General John H. Eaton, his Secretary of War. +As is well known, this was "Peggy O'Neal" who, before +her marriage to Eaton, was the widow of Purser John B. +Timberlake of our Navy, who committed suicide while +serving in the Mediterranean. The relation which she +sustained to the disruption of Jackson's cabinet has passed +into history and is too well known to bear repetition here. +As Colonel Donelson shared the views of his wife, he resigned +his position as the President's private secretary and +returned with her to Tennessee. He was succeeded by +Nicholas P. Trist of the State Department, but a few +months later, through the kindly offices of personal friends, +they were both restored to Jackson's favor and resumed +their former functions in the White House.</p> + +<p>Just across the street from our home lived Mr. and Mrs. +Bernard P. Mimmack and the latter's mother, Mrs. Mary +Bailey Collins, widow of Captain Charles Oliver Collins +of the U.S. Army, and a typical representative of the +New York gentlewomen of former days. She was one of +the Bailey family, which was much identified with the history +of New York, and she and her daughter, Mrs. Mimmack, +were valuable additions to our community. Of Mr. +Mimmack, only recently deceased, I can speak only in +terms of the warmest praise. He was a true friend to me +and many times during my widowhood placed his ripe +judgment and wide experience at my command.</p> + +<p>As I first remember Professor and Mrs. Joseph Henry, +they were living with their three daughters in a portion<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_360" id="Page_360">[360]</a></span> +of the Smithsonian Institution. He was a man whose public +career and private life commanded universal respect, +while his scientific discoveries, both at Princeton College +and at the National Capital, marked him as one of the most +distinguished men of his day. I am not qualified to pronounce +upon his scholarly attainments nor upon the estimate +in which he is held by the learned world of to-day, +but it may be assumed that the eulogistic words of the late +Professor Simon Newcomb, himself a scientific giant, represent +the truth. "Professor Joseph Henry, first secretary +of the Smithsonian Institution," he wrote, "was a +man of whom it may be said, without any reflection on +men of our generation, that he held a place which has +never been filled. I do not mean his official place, but +his position as the recognized leader and exponent of scientific +interests at the National Capital. A world-wide reputation +as a scientific investigator, exalted character and inspiring +presence, broad views of men and things, the love +and esteem of all, combined to make him the man to whom +all who knew him looked for counsel and guidance in matters +affecting the interests of science. Whether anyone +could since have assumed this position, I will not venture +to say; but the fact seems to be that no one has been at +the same time able and willing to assume it."</p> + +<p>The society circle in Washington in 1873 was small +compared with that of to-day. There was much less form +and ceremony, fewer social cliques and a greater degree +of affability. The "Old Washingtonians" were more <i>en +évidence</i> than now and the political element came and +went without disturbing in any marked degree the harmony +of the social atmosphere. There were, however, +many in public life whose families were cordially received +into the most exclusive circles of Washington society and +enriched it by their presence. Mrs. Hamilton Fish held +social sway by the innate force of character and general +attractiveness with which nature had so lavishly endowed<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_361" id="Page_361">[361]</a></span> +her. Mrs. James G. Blaine, whose husband was in Congress +when I first knew them, shared in his popularity. +Mrs. George M. Robeson, wife of Grant's Secretary of the +Navy, lived on K Street and kept open house. The Secretary +of the Treasury and Mrs. William A. Richardson, +who lived in the old Hill house on H Street, were well +known and very popular. Francis Kernan, the junior +Senator from New York, with his wife and daughter, was +seen everywhere. Thomas Kernan, their son, who eventually +became a Roman Catholic priest, was a great dancer +and a general favorite. Roscoe Conkling, the senior Senator +from New York, was socially disposed, but his wife, +who was a sister of Horatio Seymour, although well fitted +for social life, took but little part in it. She was a pronounced +blond, wore her hair in many ringlets and was +<i>petite</i> in figure. Senator and Mrs. Henry L. Dawes and +their intellectual daughter, Miss Anna, were highly esteemed +by Washingtonians. General Ambrose B. Burnside, +Senator from Rhode Island and a widower, lived on +H Street, where he lavishly entertained his friends. Senator +Joseph R. Hawley and wife of Connecticut and the +latter's bright sister, Miss Kate Foote, resided in the Capitol +Hill neighborhood; while Senator Henry B. Anthony, +also of Rhode Island and a widower, was famous for his +grasshopper turkeys, with which he liberally supplied his +guests at his home on the southwest corner of H and Fourteenth +Streets. This was the period when William E. +Chandler was beginning his prominent and successful +political career. He lived with his first wife and interesting +family of boys on Fourteenth Street below G Street.</p> + +<p>The social leader in Washington in 1873 was Mrs. Frances +Lawrence Ricketts, whose husband, General James B. +Ricketts, U.S.A., had served his country during the Civil +War and on account of disabilities was awarded a handsome +pension. They lived on G Street between Eighteenth +and Nineteenth Streets and her Friday afternoons were<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_362" id="Page_362">[362]</a></span> +festive occasions. Mrs. Ricketts was no mean philanthropist +in her way and a certain wag once wrote—</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Here comes Mrs. Ricketts<br /></span> +<span class="i0">With a pocketful of tickets.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>The doggerel had a basis in fact as she frequently appeared +in public with tickets to sell for the benefit of some +charitable object; and she sold them, too, as but few had +the courage to refuse her. She was an exceedingly fine +looking woman with a cordial manner and graceful bearing. +Mrs. Julia A. K. Lawrence, her mother, the widow of +John Tharp Lawrence, originally of the Island of Jamaica, +lived with her, was quite as fond of society as the daughter, +and, although advanced in years, seemed to have more +friends and admirers than any woman I have ever known.</p> + +<p>One day by chance I met her in the drawing-room of a +mutual friend, Mrs. Sallie Maynadier, where she shocked +us by fainting. One of my daughters wrote her a note of +sympathetic inquiry and received in reply the following +answer. I regarded it as a somewhat remarkable note as +its writer was then approaching her ninetieth birthday.</p> + +<div class="blockquot"> +<p>Pray accept my grateful thanks, my dear Miss Gouverneur, +for your kind attention in writing me such a lovely +note. I wish I had known you brought it. I would have +been so much pleased to see you in my room, which I +could not leave yesterday though very much better. I +think the fainting was from the heat of Mrs. Maynadier's +parlour and the agitation of the previous day, at the prospect +of parting with my very dear friends in the delicate +state of dear Kate Eveleth's health! I hope to hear to-day +how she bore the journey, the beautiful day very much in +her favor! I can not close this note without expressing +my sincere wish that your mamma and yourself will be so +kind as to come and see me during the winter. I know that +Mrs. Gouverneur does not "pay visits" but as I can no +longer have the pleasure of meeting you at our dear friend's +I hope she will make an exception in favor of such an old<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_363" id="Page_363">[363]</a></span> +woman as myself, one too who has known and loved so +many of your father's family for generations, dating back +to President Monroe's family, when I was a child in England +and used to play often with your grandmamma +[Maria Hester Monroe]. Can you believe that a vivid +memory can turn back so many years? Ask your mamma +to favour me and come yourself to see</p> + +<p class='indent3'>Yours very truly,</p> + +<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">Julia Lawrence</span>.</p> + +<p>1829 G Street,<br /> + Tuesday morning.</p> +</div> + +<p>An old family friend of Mrs. Lawrence and her daughter, +the late Dr. Basil Norris, U.S.A., a native of Frederick, +resided in the Ricketts home, and I am certain that +his memory is still revered in the District. When Mrs. +Ricketts, upon her husband's death, broke up her Washington +home, Dr. Norris went to San Francisco to reside. +A daughter of mine on her way to join her husband in +Honolulu was taken seriously ill in that city and was attended +by him with consummate skill. He was then on +the retired list of the Army, but had a large and fashionable +practice in his newly adopted home.</p> + +<p>In connection with Mrs. Lawrence my memory brings +vividly before me my old and valued friends, Mrs. +Maynadier, widow of General William Maynadier of the +Ordnance Department of the Army, and her witty sister, +Kate Eveleth. To render acts of kindness seemed their +natural avocation, and I never think of them without recalling +Sir Walter Scott's description of a ministering +angel. I have heard Mrs. Maynadier say that at the time +of her marriage her husband, then a young officer, was receiving +a salary of only six hundred dollars; and yet she +reared a large circle of children, her daughters marrying +into prominent families and her sons becoming professionally +well known. Their father was Aide to General +Scott in the Black Hawk War and performed similar duty +under General Alexander Macomb. Their mother lived<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_364" id="Page_364">[364]</a></span> +to see the fourth generation of her descendants, many of +whom still reside in the District.</p> + +<p>When I returned to Washington, I found the old Decatur +house facing Lafayette Square owned and occupied +by General and Mrs. Edward F. Beale, who had recently +returned from a long residence in California. Mr. Gouverneur +had known the General—"Ned" Beale, as he was +usually called—in other days and I soon derived much +pleasure from Mrs. Beale's acquaintance. She was a +woman of the most aristocratic bearing and was especially +qualified to meet the exacting requirements of the +most exclusive society. The household was rendered additionally +brilliant by her two daughters, both of whom +were then unmarried. The sparkling vivacity of the +elder, Miss Mary Beale, who subsequently became Madame +Bakhmeteff of Russia, is easily recalled; while her sister, +now Mrs. John R. McLean, is so well known in Washington +and elsewhere as to render quite superfluous any attempt +to describe her many charming qualities. Their +home was a social rendezvous, and I especially recall an +entertainment I attended there when I met many social +celebrities. General Beale had collected numerous relics +of early California which seemed peculiarly adapted to the +historic mansion, and these objects of interest, together +with the highly polished floors, the many and brilliant +lights and the large assemblage of society folk in their +"best bibs and tuckers," presented a scene which is not +readily effaced from one's memory. Among others I met +that evening were General Ambrose E. Burnside, whom +I had known as a cadet at West Point, and my old friend, +Captain (afterwards General) Richard Tyldin Auchmuty +of New York, who since I had last seen him had passed +through the Civil War. This reception was given in +honor of the then young but gifted tragedian, John E. +McCullough, with whom the Beale family had formed a +friendship in the far west.</p> + +<div class="footnotes"><h3>FOOTNOTES:</h3> + +<div class="footnote"><p><a name="Footnote_3_3" id="Footnote_3_3"></a><a href="#FNanchor_3_3"><span class="label">[3]</span></a> My youngest daughter, Rose de Chine Gouverneur, and Chaplain +Roswell Randall Hoes, U.S.N., were married in Washington +on the 5th of December, 1888.</p></div> +</div> + + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_365" id="Page_365">[365]</a></span></p> +<h2>CHAPTER XV</h2> + +<h3>TO THE PRESENT DAY</h3> + + +<p>Shortly after our return to Washington we received +an invitation to a party at the house of Mr. +and Mrs. William A. Richardson, the former Secretary +of the Treasury in Grant's cabinet. In my busy +life I have never seemed inclined to devote much time to +the shifts and vagaries of fashionable attire. Although +as a woman I cannot say that I have been wholly averse +to array myself in attractive garments, they were always +matters of secondary consideration with me and have yet +to cause me a sleepless night. My indifference now confronted +me, however, with the query as to what I should +wear upon this particular occasion, and I was compelled, +as merchants say, "to take account of stock," especially +as my invitation reached me at too late a day to have a +new gown made. Although while living in Frederick I +did pretty much as I pleased in regard to dress, I realized +that in Washington, willing or unwilling, I might be compelled +to do, to a certain extent, what other people pleased; +but such demands have their reasonable limits, and I +therefore determined to ignore the dictates of fashionable +sentiment and practice a little originality on my own account. +I accordingly decided to wear a handsome and +elaborate dress of a fashion of at least a generation before—a +light, blue silk with its many flounces embroidered in +straw in imitation of sheaves of wheat. In former years +I had worn with this gown black velvet gloves which were +laced at the side—a Parisian fancy of the day, a pattern +of which had been sent me by Mrs. Schuyler Hamilton. +These also I concluded to wear with the antiquated dress;<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_366" id="Page_366">[366]</a></span> +and thus arrayed I attended the party and had a thoroughly +good time, supposing, as a matter of course, that +the incident was closed. The <i>New York Graphic</i>, however, +seemed to think otherwise and dragged me into its +columns in an article which was subsequently copied into +other papers. Although at first I felt somewhat chagrined, +upon further consideration I was inclined to be pleased, +at least with that part of the narrative that made a passing +allusion to my attire. This is what the <i>Graphic</i> +said:—</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Among the ladies frequently seen in society this winter +is Mrs. Marian Campbell Gouverneur, daughter of +the late James Campbell of New York and the wife of Samuel +L. Gouverneur, the only surviving grandson of ex-President +James Monroe. Mrs. Gouverneur is an elegant +lady of pleasing manners, sparkling vivacity and possesses +a fund of humor and a mind stored with a variety +of charming information. She has traveled a great deal +and seen much of the fashionable world. Mr. Gouverneur's +mother was married in the White House and—think +of it!—on a Spread Eagle—that is to say, on the +carpet of which that very elastic bird made the central +figure. Suppose Miss Nellie Grant, of whose engagement +rumor outside of Washington talks so loud and this city +appears to know nothing, should take it into her head to +be married on a Spread Eagle, would not the other Eagle, +the public, stretch its wings and utter a prolonged shriek? +Now I ask you candidly, have we retrograded in matters +of taste or become less loyal to the true spirit of our Republican +institutions? Mrs. Gouverneur has the most +wonderful collection of American and Asiatic antiques. +She favors antique styles, even in matters of the toilet, +and at a party last week had her dress looped with the +ornaments which formed part of Mr. Monroe's court dress +when Minister to France. She also wore black velvet +mittens of that date.</p></div><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_367" id="Page_367">[367]</a></span></p> + +<p>While my sister, Mrs. Eames, was residing in Paris with +her son and daughter, her home on the corner of H and +Fourteenth Streets was occupied by Ward Hunt and his +wife of Utica. Judge Hunt had recently been appointed +a Justice of the Supreme Court, and I immediately renewed +my associations of former days with his family. +Next door to the Hunts lived Mr. and Mrs. Titian J. +Coffey, the former of whom had accompanied ex-Governor +Andrew G. Curtin of Pennsylvania upon his mission to +Russia; and the adjoining residence, the old "Hill house," +was the home of Mr. and Mrs. James C. Kennedy, the +latter of whom was Miss Julia Rathbone of Albany. +Their hospitality was lavish until the death of Mr. Kennedy, +when his widow returned to Albany where a few +years later she married Bishop Thomas Alfred Starkey of +New Jersey. Mrs. Robert Shaw Oliver, wife of the present +efficient Assistant Secretary of War, is her niece.</p> + +<p>After Mrs. Kennedy left Washington, Mr. and Mrs. +Robert Elkin Neil of Columbus, Ohio, with their daughter, +Mrs. William Wilberforce Williams, lived in the "Hill +house." They were people of large means and entertained +on an extensive scale. Mrs. Neil belonged to the Sullivant +family of Ohio whose women were remarkable for +their beauty. The wife of William Dennison, one of the +District Commissioners, was Mr. Neil's sister and her +daughter, Miss Jenny Dennison, was one of the belles of the +Hayes administration. There were so many representatives +of the "Buckeye State" at that time in Washington +that someone facetiously spoke of the city as the "United +States of Ohio." Mr. and Mrs. Matthew W. Galt, parents +of Mrs. Reginald Fendall, lived in the next house in the H +Street block, while adjoining them resided Colonel and +Mrs. James G. Berret. I knew Colonel Berret very well. +Nature had been very lavish in her gifts to him, as he was +the fortunate possessor of intelligence, sagacity and fine +personal appearance. It was his frequent boast, however,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_368" id="Page_368">[368]</a></span> +that through force of circumstances he had received but +"three months' schooling," but he took advantage of his +subsequent opportunities and became an efficient mayor +and postmaster of the City of Washington, while a prince +might well have envied him his dignified and imposing +address. He sold his attractive home to Justice William +Strong of the U.S. Supreme Court, who with his family +resided in it for many years and then moved into a house +on I Street, near Fifteenth Street, which in late years has +been remodeled and is now the spacious residence of Mr. +Charles Henry Butler.</p> + +<p>Directly across the street and in the middle of the block, +between Fourteenth and Fifteenth Streets, lived Colonel +and Mrs. John F. Lee. This is a house which I link with +many pleasing associations. Mrs. Lee, whom I knew as +Ellen Ann Hill, was a member of one of Washington's +oldest families and with her husband had a country home +in Prince George County in Maryland. She was a deeply +religious woman and one of the saints upon earth. She +gave me <i>carte blanche</i> to drop in for an informal supper +on Sunday evenings—a privilege of which I occasionally +availed myself. Colonel Lee was a Virginian by birth +and a graduate of West Point, but at the beginning of the +Civil War resigned his commission. His brother, Samuel +Phillips Lee, however, who was then a Commander in the +Navy, remained in the service and eventually became a +Rear Admiral. Although differing so widely in their political +views, the two brothers were respected and beloved +by their associates, and never allowed their opinions upon +matters of state to interfere with their fraternal affection. +The only daughter of Colonel Lee, Mrs. Henry Harrison, +usually spends her winters in Washington.</p> + +<p>Next door to the Lees on the east lived Senator and Mrs. +Zachariah Chandler, the parents of Mrs. Eugene Hale; +while still further down the street was the residence of +Doctor William P. Johnston, a favorite physician of long<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_369" id="Page_369">[369]</a></span> +standing and father of Mr. James M. Johnston and Miss +Mary B. Johnston, the latter of whom is President of the +Society of Old Washingtonians of which I enjoy the +honor of being a member. It is at her home on Rhode +Island Avenue that the privileged few who are members +of this exclusive organization meet once each month to +listen to papers read on topics relating to earlier Washington +and to discuss persons and events connected with +its history. The insignia of the society is an orange ribbon +bearing the words inscribed in black: "Should auld +acquaintance be forgot?" A prominent member of this +organization is Mrs. Anna Harris Eastman, widow of +Commander Thomas Henderson Eastman, U.S.N., and +daughter of the beloved physician, the late Medical Director +Charles Duval Maxwell, U.S.N.</p> + +<p>In the opinion of many old Washingtonians no history +of the District of Columbia would be complete without +some mention of The Highlands, the home of the Nourse +family. In years gone by I remember that this ivy-covered +stone house was deemed inaccessible, as it was reached +only by private conveyance or stage coach. The first +time I crossed its threshold I could have readily imagined +myself living in the colonial period, as the furniture was +entirely of that time. When I first knew Mrs. Nourse, +who was Miss Rebecca Morris of Philadelphia, the widow +of Charles Josephus Nourse, she was advanced in life, but +notwithstanding the infirmities of age, she had just acquired +the art of china painting, and was filling orders +the proceeds of which she gave in aid of St. Alban's which +was then a country parish. I frequently passed a day +at this ancestral home, and I especially recall seeing a +wonderful Elizabethan clock in the hallway which I am +told is still, in defiance of time, striking the hours in the +home of a descendant. Near The Highlands is Rosedale, +occupied for many years by the descendants of +General Uriah Forrest, who built it subsequent to 1782.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_370" id="Page_370">[370]</a></span> +He was the intimate friend of General Washington, and +its present occupant, Mrs. Louisa Key Norton, daughter +of John Green and widow of John Hatley Norton of +Richmond, is my authority for the statement that one day +after dining with her grandfather, General Forrest, Washington +walked out upon the portico and, lost in admiration +of the beautiful view, exclaimed: "There is the site +of the Federal City." Mrs. Norton's sister, Miss Alice +Green, married Prince Angelo de Yturbide, and it was +their son, Prince Augustine de Yturbide, who was adopted +by the Emperor Maximilian.</p> + +<p>One of the pleasing local features connected with the +Grant administration, which at the time made no special +impression upon me, was the fact that there were then but +few, if any, social cliques in Washington, and that society-going +people constituted practically one large family. A +stranger coming to the Capital at that time and properly +introduced was much more cordially received than now. +Such, for example, was the condition of affairs when Mr. +and Mrs. Alexander Jeffrey came to Washington to spend +a winter. They rented the old Pleasanton house on Twenty-first +Street below F Street and entertained with true +Southern hospitality. The Jeffrey family was of Scotch +extraction and Mrs. Jeffrey was Miss Rosa Vertner of +Kentucky, where she was favorably known as a poetess. +The first wife of Alexander Jeffrey was Miss Delia W. +Granger, a sister of my old and valued friend, Mrs. Sanders +Irving. As soon as they were settled in their home, +Mr. and Mrs. Jeffrey gave a large evening entertainment +which Mr. Gouverneur and I attended. We much enjoyed +meeting there a number of Kentuckians temporarily residing +in Washington—among others, Mrs. John Key of +Georgetown and her sister, Mrs. Hamilton Smith; Mrs. +William E. Dudley; and Wickliffe Preston and his sister, a +decided blonde who wore a becoming green silk gown. +Madame Le Vert and her daughter, Octavia Walton Le<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_371" id="Page_371">[371]</a></span> +Vert, were also there and it is with genuine pleasure I recall +the unusual vivacity of the former. This gifted woman was +a pronounced belle from Alabama and had passed much of +her life in Italy, where she had much association with the +Brownings. During her absence abroad the ravages of +our Civil War made serious inroads upon her financial circumstances, +and when she visited Washington at the period +of which I am speaking she gave a series of lectures upon +Mr. and Mrs. Robert Browning in Willard's Hall on F +Street. They received the endorsement of fashionable +society and, at the conclusion of her last appearance, Albert +Pike, the later apostle of Freemasonry, offered as an +additional attraction a short discourse upon his favorite +theme. Madame Le Vert's maiden name was Octavia +Walton, and she was the granddaughter of George Walton, +one of the Signers from Georgia, and the daughter of +George Walton, the Territorial Governor of Florida. In +1836 she married Dr. Henry S. Le Vert, son of the fleet-surgeon +of the Count de Rochambeau at Yorktown, Va. +In 1858 her "Souvenirs of Travel" appeared, and later +she wrote "Souvenirs of Distinguished People" and +"Souvenirs of the War," but, for personal reasons, neither +of the two was ever published.</p> + +<p>My first acquaintance with George Bancroft, the historian, +dates back to the year 1845, when he came from +New England to deliver a course of lectures and was the +guest of my father in New York. One of the evenings +he spent with us stands out in bold relief. He was a man +of musical tastes, and Justine Bibby Onderdonk, a friend +of mine and a daughter of Gouverneur S. Bibby, who only +a few days before had made a runaway match with Henry +M. Onderdonk, the son of Bishop Benjamin T. Onderdonk +of New York, happened to be our guest at the same time. +Her musical ability was of the highest order and she delighted +Mr. Bancroft by singing some of his favorite selections. +Later, when he was Secretary of the Navy dur<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_372" id="Page_372">[372]</a></span>ing +the Polk administration, I saw Mr. Bancroft very +frequently. I am not aware whether it is generally +known that he began his political life in Massachusetts +as a Whig. When I first knew him, however, he was a +Democrat and the change in his political creed placed him +in an unfavorable light in his State, most of whose citizens +were well nigh as intolerant of Democrats as their ancestors +had been of witches in early colonial days.</p> + +<p>Upon my return to Washington I soon renewed my acquaintance +with Mr. and Mrs. Bancroft, and the entertainments +I attended in their home on H Street, between Sixteenth +and Seventeenth Streets, revived pleasant recollections +of Mrs. Clement C. Hill, whose house they purchased +and of whose social leadership I have already +spoken. Mr. Bancroft at this time was well advanced in +years, and in referring to his age I have often heard him +say: "I came in with the century." In spite of the fact, +however, that he had exceeded the years usually allotted +to man, he could be seen nearly every day in the saddle +with Herrman Bratz, his devoted German attendant, riding +at a respectful distance in the rear. I may add, by +the way, that a few doors from the Bancrofts lived Dr. +George Clymer of the Navy with his wife and venerable +mother-in-law, the latter of whom was the widow of Commodore +William B. Shubrick, U.S.N.</p> + +<p>Colonel Alexander Bliss, Mrs. Bancroft's son and familiarly +known to Washingtonians as "Sandy" Bliss, +lived just around the corner from his mother's. His wife +was the daughter of William T. Albert, of Baltimore, but +when I knew him best he was a widower. A few doors +from Colonel Bliss lived Senator Matthew H. Carpenter, +a political power of the first magnitude during President +Grant's second presidential term, whose daughter Lilian +was a reigning belle. Equestrian exercise was not then +quite so popular in Washington as later, but it had its +devotees, among whom was Colonel Joseph C. Audenreid,<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_373" id="Page_373">[373]</a></span> +U.S.A., an unusually handsome man with a decidedly +military bearing. He was generally accompanied by his +daughter Florence, then a child, and was often to be seen +riding out Fourteenth Street towards the Soldiers' Home, +which was then the fashionable drive.</p> + +<p>John L. Cadwalader, a cousin of Mr. Gouverneur and +now one of the most prominent members of the New York +bar, was Assistant Secretary of State under Hamilton +Fish during the Grant <i>régime</i>. He was a bachelor and +was accompanied to Washington by his two sisters, both +of whom lived with him in a fine residence on the corner +of L Street and Connecticut Avenue, which has since been +torn down to make way for a large apartment house. It +was while the Cadwaladers were occupying this residence +that I first made the acquaintance of Dr. S. Weir Mitchell. +Miss Mary Cadwalader brought him to see us in our Corcoran +Street home and during the visit announced her engagement +to him. He was then the highly eminent physician +alone, as he had not yet entered the arena of fiction +and poetry in which he has since attained such wide-spread +distinction. It gives me pleasure to add that he +suggested to me, while I was visiting in Philadelphia many +years later, that I should write these reminiscences.</p> + +<p>All of the large balls and parties of this date, including +the bachelors' germans, which I frequently attended, were +given at Lewis G. Marini's on the south side of E Street, +near Ninth Street. Marini was an Italian and the dancing +master of the day. Twice a week he went to Annapolis +to teach the midshipmen, who, when subsequently +ordered to duty in Washington, became very acceptable +beaux, as they danced the same step that their master had +taught his pupils here. The bachelors' germans were organized +among others by Robert F. Stockton, Hamilton +Fish, Jr., John Davis, and Hamilton Perkins; while soon +thereafter Seaton Munroe became one of its officers. I +especially recall a german given by the bachelors at Ma<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_374" id="Page_374">[374]</a></span>rini's, +on the twenty-second of February, 1876, when Lady +Thornton, wife of Sir Edward Thornton, British Minister +to the United States, received the guests. The decorations +were unusually elaborate, consisting chiefly of American +flags draped along the walls from floor to ceiling; +while at one end of the room, in compliment to the hostess +of the evening, the stars and stripes made way to two +British flags. A small cannon and a miniature ship were +placed below the music gallery, while above them was a +semicircle of cutlasses and a <i>chevaux-de-frise</i> of glistening +spears behind which were the musicians. In an old +scrap book I find a brief notice of this entertainment which +mentions the belles of the ball, some of whom became +matrons of a later day in Washington and elsewhere. +This is the list:—Miss Zeilin, Miss Dunn, Miss Kilbourn, +Miss Emory, Miss Campbell, Miss Kernan, Miss Dennison, +Miss Keating of Philadelphia, Miss Patterson, Miss +Jewell, Miss Badger, Miss Warfield, Madame Santa Anna, +Mrs. Gore Jones, Madame Mariscal, Madame Dardon, Mrs. +Belknap, Mrs. Robeson, Mrs. Frederick Grant and Miss +Dodge ("Gail Hamilton").</p> + +<p>In the old Stockton house, next door to the residence of +William W. Corcoran, lived Mr. and Mrs. Elijah Ward +who probably entertained more lavishly than any other +family of that day. Mr. Ward was then in Congress from +New York. His wife possessed much grace of manner and +a subtle charm quite impossible to describe. I enjoyed her +intimate friendship and often availed myself of a standing +invitation to take tea with her. In her drawing-room +one constantly met acceptable recruits from social and +political life, all of whom she charmed by her affable conversation +and unaffected bearing. Upon her return to +New York Miss Virginia Stuart, her daughter by a former +marriage, married the Rev. Alexander McKay-Smith, assistant +rector at St. Thomas' Church. Soon after his marriage +he received a call to St. John's Church in Wash<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_375" id="Page_375">[375]</a></span>ington, +where he remained the beloved rector until in 1902 +he was elected Bishop-Coadjutor of Pennsylvania.</p> + +<p>It was about this same period that I formed a friendship +with Lieutenant Commander and Mrs. Arent Schuyler +Crowninshield. He was then Ordnance Officer of the +Washington Navy Yard and lived in the quaint old house +later assigned to the second line officer of that station. +Mrs. Crowninshield's sister, Elizabeth Hopkins Bradford, +lived with her and I attended her wedding there. She +married Edmund Hamilton Smith of Canandaigua, New +York, a son of Judge James C. Smith of the Supreme +Court of that State, and the ceremony was performed by the +Rev. Dr. John Vaughan Lewis of St. John's Church, Washington. +This wedding made an indelible impression upon +my memory owing to an unfortunate circumstance which +attended it. The mother of the bride-elect and the latter's +youngest sister, Louise, were traveling in Europe and +had arranged their return passage in ample time, as they +supposed, to be present at the ceremony. The ship met +with an accident off the coast of Newfoundland, however, +and during the delay the wedding took place. There was +much anxiety concerning the safety of the bride's mother +and sister which naturally cast an atmosphere of gloom +over the marriage feast, but in a few days the ship came +into port and unalloyed happiness prevailed. After Mr. +Crowninshield's promotion to a Captaincy in the Navy +he was ordered to command the <i>Richmond</i> in the Philadelphia +Navy Yard, and there I repeatedly met him and +his fascinating wife. He remained there, however, for +less than a year, when he was placed in command of the +ill-fated <i>Maine</i>, and about ten months before she was destroyed +was ordered to Washington as Chief of the +Bureau of Navigation with the rank, first of Commodore +and then of Rear Admiral. He served as such with +marked efficiency during the Spanish-American War, and +several years later commanded the flagship of the Eu<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_376" id="Page_376">[376]</a></span>ropean +Squadron. He retired in 1903 on his own application +and died five years later, deeply regretted by a +large circle of official and personal friends. Mrs. Crowninshield +is so well and favorably known to the public as +an authoress that it would be impossible for me to add +any leaves to the laurels she now wears; but I cannot refrain +from paying a tribute to her remarkable loyalty as +a friend and expressing my admiration for those uncommon +traits of character which, with her commanding presence, +have made her so deeply respected and so greatly +admired.</p> + +<p>The first loan-exhibition given in Washington that I +now recall was near the close of Grant's administration, +and was for the benefit of the Church of the Incarnation. +It was in an old house on the corner of Fifteenth and H +Streets, since torn down to make way for the George Washington +University. As much interest was shown in the +enterprise and many of the old Washington families sent +valuable relics, a large sum of money was realized. Among +the contributors were William W. Corcoran, Miss Olive +Risley Seward, Senator John P. Jones of Nevada, and +Seth Ledyard Phelps, the latter of whom was at the time +one of the District Commissioners and owned a large +number of Chinese curios gathered by him during his life +in the East. I, too, was glad to aid so worthy a cause and +sent some of my most cherished possessions. Before the +exhibition was formally opened, I attended a private view +of the collection given in honor of William W. Corcoran +and Horatio King. Of Mr. Corcoran I have elsewhere +spoken; with Mr. King I was also well acquainted. In +1839, while a young man, he was appointed to a position +in the Post Office Department and eleven years later was +connected with its foreign service in which he originated +and perfected postal arrangements of great importance +to the country. His promotion was rapid and he finally +became Postmaster General under President Buchanan, a<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_377" id="Page_377">[377]</a></span> +position which he held with credit both to the administration +and himself. About 1873, when I first knew Mr. +and Mrs. King, they lived in a modest home at 707 H +Street where, every Saturday evening, many <i>littérateurs</i> +and prominent men of state were accustomed to gather +and discuss the important literary and political problems +of the day. John Pierpont read a poem at the first of +these receptions and Grace Greenwood rendered some choice +selections, while George William Curtis and other men of +note contributed their share to the success of other similar +occasions. These literary reunions are said to have +been the first of their kind ever held in Washington.</p> + +<p>I was invited one evening in 1877 by Mrs. Madeleine +Vinton Dahlgren, widow of Rear Admiral John A. Dahlgren, +U.S.N., who was then living at the corner of L and +Fourteenth Streets, to attend a meeting of the Washington +Historical Society held in her drawing-rooms. It was +Washington's birthday and James A. Garfield, then Senator +from Ohio, was the orator of the evening. In one +portion of his remarks he seemed to go out of his way to +emphasize the statement that Mary Ball, Washington's +mother, was a very plain old woman. Why he considered +that her lack of prominent lineage necessarily added +greater luster to the Father of His Country, was not apparent +to quite a number of his audience, for even the +numerous votaries of the Patron Saint of Erin, "the +beautiful isle of the sea," took honest pride in according +him a gentle descent:—</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">St. Patrick was a gintleman,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">He came from dacent people.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>Mrs. Dahlgren was a woman of unusual intellectual ability. +She was the daughter of Samuel Finley Vinton of +Ohio, who for many years represented his district in Congress +and was chairman of the Ways and Means Com<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_378" id="Page_378">[378]</a></span>mittee. +In 1879 she published a small volume entitled +"Etiquette of Social Life in Washington." She followed +this book with another, whose title I do not recall, in which +she dwelt at length upon society in Washington. It was +not well received as her criticisms upon the wives of Cabinet +Officers and others were such as to invoke general +disfavor and arouse bitter resentment. Mrs. Dahlgren's +ablest work, however, was the life of her husband, which +was published in 1882 in a volume of over six hundred +and fifty pages. She had a fine command of the English +language and excellent literary discrimination in the use +of its words, as appears everywhere in her writings and +especially in the following tribute to her husband in the +preface of his Life:—</p> + +<p>"Admiral Dahlgren was a man of science, of inventive +genius, of professional skill; but beyond all these, he was +a <i>patriot</i>. While climbing, at first with slow and toilsome +but reliant steps, and, later on, with swifter, surer progress, +that summit to which his genius urged him, he was +often and again confronted by the clamor of discontent, +the jealousies of his profession, and the various forms of +opposition his rapid, upward course evoked; and until the +present generation of actors in the great drama in which +he played so conspicuous part shall have passed away, it +will be difficult to gain an impartial opinion. Yet Death +having arrested his ultimate conceptions while yet midway +in his career, and set the final seal upon his actions, +we are content to leave the verdict of a 'last appeal' +to his beloved country and the hearts of a grateful +people."</p> + +<p>Two years later I attended another meeting of this +Historical Society at the residence of Henry Strong, who +built and owned the house on K Street now occupied by +Mrs. Stephen B. Elkins, and for a time resided there. +It was a brilliant assemblage and it deemed itself fortunate +in having Moncure D. Conway, the distinguished historical<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_379" id="Page_379">[379]</a></span> +writer and essayist, as the orator of the evening. He +spoke upon the leaders of the Federal party during the +formative period of our national government, and soon +made it apparent that his sympathies were not with them. +He was strongly denunciatory of the Federalists, going +so far even as to brand some of them as traitors, and +especially criticized Jay's Treaty with England in 1794 +which was their pet creation. He spoke at some length +of Oliver Wolcott, one of the most prominent Federalists +of that day, entirely ignorant meanwhile of the fact that +some members of the Tuckerman family, his descendants, +were in the audience. At this time Mr. Conway was writing +the life of Thomas Paine, which has since been published, +and the morning after his lecture on the Federal +party he called upon me to ascertain whether any unpublished +information relating to Paine, which might aid +him in his projected biography of the latter, was to be +found in the private papers of James Monroe which were +in my possession. During our conversation I ventured +to remark to Mr. Conway that possibly he was not aware +that the previous evening certain descendants of Oliver +Wolcott were in his audience. He responded that he had +no desire to give offense but that unfortunately he could +not adapt history to suit the views of the descendants of +early statesmen.</p> + +<p>To use a terse expression of Hamlet, I have often heard +that Paine was one of the unfortunates who were not +treated by our government "according to their deserts." +It is now conceded by students of our national history +that no man rendered more effective service to the American +Revolution than "Tom" Paine. His devotion to the +cause and his conspicuous sacrifices in its behalf were repeatedly +acknowledged by Washington, Franklin and all +the lesser lights of the day. After independence had been +secured, still imbued with the spirit of liberty, his pen +and his presence were not wanting when required in be<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_380" id="Page_380">[380]</a></span>half +of the liberties of the French people. He was imprisoned +with hundreds of others in the Luxembourg, where +he languished for nearly eleven months in daily expectation +of being hurried to the guillotine. Following the fall +of Robespierre he was liberated through the kindly offices +of James Monroe, who had succeeded Gouverneur Morris +as our Minister to France, and was at once crowned with +honors by the government in whose behalf he had suffered. +During the term of his imprisonment, it was his +belief that a single word from Washington would effect +his release, and he had a right to expect it, but he waited +in vain. He was wholly unconscious, meanwhile, that the +mind of Washington had been poisoned against him by one +high in public counsels, and while still in ignorance of this +fact addressed him the well-known denunciatory letter +which evoked such wide-spread criticism. Washington, +however, was not to blame, for he had been deceived in the +house of his friends; but of this Paine was entirely ignorant. +Delaware Davis, a son of Colonel Samuel B. Davis +of Delaware who rendered such distinguished service during +the War of 1812, told me a few years ago that his +father was present at a dinner where Paine was asked what +he thought of Washington. Doubtless in a spirit of acrimony +he uttered the following lines:</p> + +<div class="poem"><div class="stanza"> +<span class="i0">Take from the rock the rough and rudest stone,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">It needs no sculptor, it is Washington;<br /></span> +<span class="i0">But if you chisel, let the strokes be rude,<br /></span> +<span class="i0">And on his bosom write ingratitude.<br /></span> +</div></div> + +<p>There is probably no period of our national history +when party rivalries were so intense and the expression +of political animosities were more bitter than they were +a century ago between the disciples of Jefferson and Hamilton. +Epithets in popular discourse were openly hurled<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_381" id="Page_381">[381]</a></span> +at political antagonists that decent men would not tolerate +to-day, and the public press gave expression to +charges and insinuations against honorable partisans +such as none but the very yellowest and most debauched +journals would now deem it expedient to print. As a +single illustration, I have in my possession what is called +"An infallible remedy to make a true Federalist." It is +without date and was given to me by a descendant of +Thomas Jefferson who knew nothing of its origin except +that it was a Boston production. It speaks for itself, and +is as follows:—</p> + +<div class="blockquot"><p>Take the head of an old hypocrite, one ounce of Nero's +conspiracy, two ounces of the hatred of truth, five scruples +of liars' tongues, twenty-five drops of the spirit of +Oliver Cromwell, fifteen drops of the spirit of contentment. +Put them in the mortar of self-righteousness and +pound them with the pestle of malice and sift them through +the skin of a Doctor of Divinity and put the compound +into the vessel of rebellion and steep it over the fire of +Sedition twenty-four hours, and then strain it in the rag +of high treason. After which put it in the bottle of British +influence and cork it with the disposition of Toryism, +and let it settle until the general court rises, and it will +then be fit for use. This composition has never been +known to fail, but if by reason of robust constitution it +should fail, add the anxiety of the stamp act, and sweeten +with a Provisional Army.</p> + +<p>The above articles may be had of the following gentlemen +who are appointed wholesale venders of British +Agents in America.</p> + +<p class='indent4'><span class="smcap">F. Target.</span></p></div> + +<p>The last days of the Grant administration were filled +with forebodings and excitement. I shall always remember, +when the news reached Washington that Rutherford +B. Hayes had been nominated by the Republican party, +the eager inquiries: "Who is Hayes?" It was then I<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_382" id="Page_382">[382]</a></span> +heard for the first time an expression which constantly +occurs nowadays—"A dark horse." Samuel J. Tilden, as +is well known, was the standard bearer of the Democracy. +The fight was long and bitter, as almost up to the day of +the inauguration the question as to which candidate was +successful was a matter of doubt. The Electoral Commission, +the compromise agreed upon by both parties, was +composed of the same number of Republicans and Democrats +with Justice Joseph P. Bradley of the Supreme +Court as the fifteenth member, chosen on account of his +neutral position. It decided that the Republican nominee +was entitled to the electoral votes of Florida, Louisiana +and South Carolina, and the Electoral College accordingly +awarded the Presidency to Mr. Hayes by a vote of 186 to +185.</p> + +<p>The Tilden campaign was engineered by Manton Marble, +an able man and the editor of the New York <i>World</i>. +I had known Mr. Tilden when he was a great adherent +of Martin Van Buren. He was a small, insignificant looking +man whose whole life was given up to politics. As I +remember him in general, he was expounding upon his +favorite subject regardless of "time and tide." His +father had been affiliated with the celebrated "Albany +Regency," and the son, inheriting his views, became one +of the ablest as well as shrewdest political leaders that +the Democratic party in New York has ever known. As +a lawyer his great ability was universally recognized, and +yet his last will was successfully contested, although it +had been drawn up by him with almost infinite care and +with the most scrupulous regard for details and engrossed +with his own hand.</p> + +<p>I saw the Hayes inaugural-parade from a window on +the corner of Fifteenth Street and New York Avenue. +All through the day there was a suppressed feeling +of uncertainty and excitement, but at the appointed +hour the President-elect drove to the Capitol in the usual<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_383" id="Page_383">[383]</a></span> +manner and took the oath of office. The procession which +escorted him to the White House was by no means so +imposing as others I had seen, among them that of eight +years later at Cleveland's first inauguration, when General +Fitzhugh Lee rode at the head of the Virginia troops +and received a greater ovation than the new President +himself. It was late in February before it was definitely +known what the final decision of the Electoral Commission +would be, and the uncertainty arising from this fact, +together with the prevailing political disquietude, doubtless +had much effect in limiting the size of the parade.</p> + +<p>I soon made the acquaintance of President and Mrs. +Hayes and was always a welcome guest at the White +House. The latter was of commanding presence and endowed +with great beauty, while she possessed moral and +intellectual traits that not only endeared her in time to +the residents of the Capital but also won for her the respect +and admiration of the people at large. She was +also a woman of strong convictions and exceptional +strength of character, and rarely failed to make her influence +felt in behalf of what she believed to be right. +Although, for example, the attitude she assumed in regard +to the use of wine at the White House entertainments +was a radical departure from precedent and evoked +the antagonism of many of her friends and admirers, she +believed herself to be right and successfully persevered +in her course to the end; so that William M. Evarts, +Hayes's Secretary of State, kept pretty close to the truth +when he asserted years thereafter that "during the Hayes +administration water flowed at the White House like +champagne!" She was a woman of deeply religious experience +and a devout member of the Methodist Church. +Washington society felt the influence of her example, and +during her residence at the White House the Sabbath was +more generally observed at the National Capital than during +any other administration I have known. As time<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_384" id="Page_384">[384]</a></span> +passed and we became better acquainted, my respect and +admiration for her greatly increased. I repeatedly spent +the evening with her informally at the White House +when our intercourse was unhampered by red-tape, and +it was then, of course, that I saw her at her best. Her +<i>rôle</i> was by no means without its embarrassments. She +necessarily knew that many persons of prominence and +influence viewed with serious doubt the legality of her +husband's title to the Presidential chair and that there +were those who even alluded to him as "His Fraudulency"; +but the world was none the wiser, so far as she +was concerned, and she pursued the "even tenor of her +way," and by the subtle influence of her character and +conduct won both for her husband and herself the admiration +of many who, but for her, would probably have remained +their enemies.</p> + +<p>In 1863 Stephen J. Field of California was appointed +by President Lincoln a Justice of the U.S. Supreme +Court, and made his residence in one of the three dwelling-houses +on Second Street facing the Capitol, which +is said to have been a gift from his brothers, David Dudley, +the eminent lawyer; Cyrus W., the father of the Atlantic +cable; and the Rev. Dr. Henry M., the eminent +Presbyterian divine and versatile editor of <i>The New York +Evangelist</i>. Here the brothers met every February to +celebrate the birthday of David Dudley Field. For +many years after the destruction of the first Capitol by +the British in the War of 1812, the Field house and the +two which adjoined it were used by Congress as the seat +of its deliberations. Henry Clay served within its walls +as Speaker for about ten years, and Mrs. Field took much +pride in showing her guests the mark on the wall where +his desk stood. At one period before its occupancy by +Judge Field this residence was used as a boarding house, +and in its back parlor John C. Calhoun breathed his last. +During the Civil War it was used by the government<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_385" id="Page_385">[385]</a></span> +with the two adjoining houses as the "Old Capitol +Prison"—but of this I have spoken in another place. +Justice Field was "a gentleman of the old school" and +one of the most courtly men in public life, while his wife +was well known for her tact, culture and exquisite taste. +Their home was enriched with many curiosities collected +at home and abroad, and I especially recall a bust of the +young Emperor Augustus, an exact copy of the original +in the Vatican. Mrs. Field's sister, Miss Sarah Henderson +Swearingen, accompanied her to Washington and +some years later was married from this home to John +Condit-Smith. My old friend, Dr. Charles W. Hoffman, +who for twenty years was the librarian of the U.S. Supreme +Court, was a near neighbor and friend of Judge +and Mrs. Field. After a life well spent he retired to the +home of his birth in Frederick, Maryland, where he lived +for many years, surrounded by his well-loved books and +art treasures. He never married.</p> + +<p>When I first knew Mr. and Mrs. James G. Blaine they +were living on Fifteenth Street between H and I Streets. +Miss Abigail Dodge, "Gail Hamilton," a cousin of Mrs. +Blaine, resided with them and added greatly to the +charm of the establishment. The world in general as well +as his eulogists have done full justice to Mr. Blaine's +amazing tact and charm of manner; but I may be pardoned +the conceit if I offer my own tribute by referring +to a graceful remark he made the first time I had the +pleasure of meeting him. I heard someone say: "Here +comes Mr. Blaine," and as I turned and he was formally +presented to me I saw before me a distinguished looking +middle-aged man of commanding presence, who, as he +raised his hat to greet me, remarked in a low and pleasant +voice: "I bow to the name!"</p> + +<p>The social column so generally in vogue in all the large +newspapers throughout the country was introduced into +Washington about 1870. Miss Augustine Snead, who<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_386" id="Page_386">[386]</a></span> +wrote under the <i>nom de plume</i> of "Miss Grundy," was the +first woman society reporter I ever knew. She represented +several newspapers, and she and her mother, Mrs. +Fayette Snead, herself a graceful writer under the pen +name of "Fay," were seen at many entertainments. +Both of them were wide-awake and clever women. I happen +to have preserved an article which appeared in the +society column of <i>The Evening Star</i>, written by Miss +Snead, which is largely made up of puns upon the society +men of the day, some of whom are now gray-haired +veterans and some, alas! are no longer here. She +wrote:—</p> + +<p>"Our society men are sighing for their rights and complain +that whereas it is only once in four years they have +the privilege of being courted and receiving special attention +the social columns of the newspapers should give them +more space. We have detailed one of our corps for the +purpose with the following result. It (s)Eames to us +that the officers of the Marine Corps are Muse-ing on an +exhibition of their Zeal in the invention of a patent Payne-killer, +in proof that they have not leaned upon a broken +Reed. Some one may call us Palmer (H)off of bad +puns, but we have not given A(u)lick amiss. No wonder +the Marine Corps, in hourly dread of annihilation, has its +anxieties increased by the continuance of the Alarm at the +Navy Yard, the officers of that formidable little vessel having +proved through the season that it is well named, by +each striking eight <i>belles</i> per hour."</p> + +<p>"Eames" was my nephew, Charles Campbell Eames. +"Muse" was General William S. Muse, U.S.M.C., now +residing on the Eastern Shore of Maryland, who usually +spends a portion of each year at the Capital. "Zeal in" +referred to Lieutenant William F. Zeilin, U.S.M.C., a son +of General Jacob Zeilin, U.S.M.C. "Payne" was Frederick +H. Paine, formerly in the Navy, who still makes +Washington his home. "Reed" was General George<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_387" id="Page_387">[387]</a></span> +C. Reid, U.S.M.C., now residing in Washington. +"(H)off" was Captain William Bainbridge Hoff, U.S.N., +who died a few years ago; and "Palmer" was Lieutenant +Aulick Palmer, formerly in the Marine Corps and now +U.S. Marshal of the District of Columbia.</p> + +<p>When I first knew the distinguished scientist, Professor +Theodore E. Hilgard, he and his wife were living on N +Street, near Twelfth Street. For many years he was +Superintendent of the Coast Survey, and after an interval +of a number of years was succeeded by his nephew, +Mr. Otto H. Tittmann. The latter and his wife are now +among the widely-known and popular residents of Washington. +The French Government in appreciation of Professor +Hilgard's scientific achievements presented to him +a superb vase which is now owned by Dr. Thomas N. +Vincent.</p> + +<p>About thirty years ago my daughters and I formed a +friendship with Senator and Mrs. James B. Beck of Kentucky +and their daughter, the wife of General Green Clay +Goodloe of the U.S. Marine Corps. Mr. Beck was one +of the Democratic leaders in the Senate and was regarded +as among the ablest men of his party. He was proud of +his Scotch blood and loyal in his friendships. His wife +was Miss Jane Washington Augusta Thornton, whose +grandfather, Colonel John Thornton of Rappahannock +County, Virginia, was a first cousin of General Washington. +Both the Senator and his wife have passed onward, +but our affection still lives in General and Mrs. Goodloe, +who are among the best and truest friends I have ever +known.</p> + +<p>Just before the close of the Hayes administration, +Walter D. Davidge, whose home for many years was on +Sixth Street, built a large mansion on the corner of H +and Seventeenth Streets and upon its completion he and +Mrs. Davidge, who was Miss Anna Louisa Washington, +gave a housewarming. Champagne flowed freely upon<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_388" id="Page_388">[388]</a></span> +this occasion and it is said that the supper was one of +the handsomest and most elaborate ever served in Washington. +The same winter my daughters attended a +brilliant ball given at Stewart Castle by its chatelaine, +Mrs. William M. Stewart, whose husband was one of the +U.S. Senators from Nevada. She was the daughter of +Senator Henry S. Foote, who represented Mississippi in +ante-bellum days, and gave the ball in honor of several +Virginia girls who were her guests. She was assisted in +the entertainment by her two elder daughters, both of +whom were married. Stewart Castle was well adapted +for such a social function as it was one of the few mansions +in Washington that had a spacious ballroom. This +residence was quite suburban, and the Hillyer house on +Massachusetts Avenue which stood on a high terrace was +the only other dwelling in the immediate vicinity. I +remember that when the home of the British Embassy was +in the course of erection, the wisdom of the location was +greatly questioned, owing to its remoteness from the fashionable +center of the city.</p> + +<p>During the Arthur administration, Mr. Edward C. Halliday +and his wife came to the National Capital to spend a +winter. I had known him many years before when he visited +the widow of General Alexander Macomb in her home +on the corner of I and Seventeenth Streets, where the +Farragut apartment house now stands. He was of a +Scotch family which originally settled in New York, and +his father for some years was President of the St. Andrews +Society of that city. After residing several months +in Washington Mr. Halliday built several houses opposite +the British Embassy on N Street, the largest of which he +reserved for his own residence. It was here that Mr. and +Mrs. Halliday entertained with such true Scotch hospitality. +Their Friday evenings were bright spots on the +social horizon, especially for the young people, as dancing +was one of their special features. Just before the close<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_389" id="Page_389">[389]</a></span> +of her second social season Mrs. Halliday gave a fancy-dress +ball, which was a happy inspiration, varying as it +did the monotony of germans, receptions and teas. On +this occasion the minuet was danced by the younger +guests dressed in Louis XIV. costumes.</p> + +<p>In the spring of 1880 the long and painful illness of +my husband closed in death. He had been handicapped +by years of ill health, and, although he had the intellectual +power, the ability, the wings to spread, there was, alas, +no surrounding air to bear them up! The ambition was +there and the intense desire, but strength was lacking and +he bore his affliction with sublime fortitude. For a while +after his departure I felt akin to a ship lost at sea; my +moorings were nowhere within sight. I had leaned on +him through so many years of married life, constantly +sustained by his high code of integrity and honor, that +his death was indeed a bereavement too terrible for words +to express. I care to say no more.</p> + +<p>The summer of the same year, accompanied by my +daughters, I sought the quietude of the mountains of Virginia. +Tarrying in the same house with me was Mrs. +John Griffith Worthington of Georgetown, D.C., with +whom I formed a lasting friendship. The Worthington +family resided in the District long before it became the +seat of government and owned extensive property. Even +in extreme old age Mrs. Worthington was one of the most +truly beautiful women I have ever seen. She was Miss +Elizabeth Phillips of Dayton, Ohio, and a lineal descendant +of President Jonathan Dickinson of Princeton University. +Her daughter Eliza, Mrs. William Henry Philip, represented +the same type of woman. John G. Worthington's +sister married Judge William Gaston, the eminent jurist +of North Carolina.</p> + +<p>The administration of Garfield was of short duration. +The tragedy which brought to a speedy close his earthly +career is too well known to be dwelt upon at length.<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_390" id="Page_390">[390]</a></span> +The mortal attack upon him in 1881 by the fanatic Charles +J. Guiteau in the old Pennsylvania railroad station on +the corner of Sixth and D Streets shocked the civilized +world, and his long and painful illness at Elberon was +closely watched by a sympathizing public until it closed +in death. Dr. D. W. Bliss was the Garfield family physician +but the most eminent specialists of the country +were called into consultation. It is the first time within +my memory that I ever heard of the issue of official bulletins +by physicians announcing the condition of their +patients. At the trial of Guiteau he was defended by +his brother-in-law, George M. Scoville, while Judge John +K. Porter of New York and Walter D. Davidge of the +Washington bar were employed to assist in the prosecution. +This trial was of such absorbing interest that men +and women crowded to the City Hall, where admission +was granted only by ticket. No one could possibly have +seen Guiteau without a feeling akin to pity, as he displayed +every indication of possessing an unbalanced mind.</p> + +<p>The administration of President Arthur proved a source +of delight to Washington society and afforded abundant +demonstration, as in the cases of Jefferson, Jackson, Van +Buren and Buchanan before him, that a "Mistress of the +White House" in the person of a wife is not an absolute +necessity. Mrs. John E. McElroy, the President's sister, +spent much of her time in Washington and presided with +grace over the social functions of the White House. The +President himself was a gentleman of dignified and imposing +presence and of great social as well as political +tact. He instinctively seemed to know the proper thing +to do and exactly when to do it. I was deeply touched +by his thoughtfulness when my second daughter, Ruth +Monroe, was married in December, 1882. Although we +were still in mourning and had no personal acquaintance +with the President nor other association at that time with<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_391" id="Page_391">[391]</a></span> +the White House, General Arthur on that occasion sent +superb flowers to my home from the conservatory of the +Executive Mansion. I regarded the act as exceedingly +gracious, but it was in every way characteristic of the +man. The circumstances under which he succeeded to +the Presidential chair were so painful and some of his +former political affiliations were so distasteful to many +that the early portion of his administration was attended +with a certain degree of embarrassment; yet, by sheer +force of character, unquestioned ability and magnificent +tact he so effectively worked his way into the hearts of +the people that he left the Presidential chair as highly +esteemed as any of his predecessors and carried with him +into retirement the applause of the people irrespective of +party affiliation.</p> + +<p>I made the acquaintance of General and Mrs. Adolphus +W. Greely soon after his return from his Arctic expedition. +Both he and Rear Admiral Winfield Scott Schley, +U.S.N., the rescued and the rescuer, were then receiving +the ovations of the public. During our early acquaintance +the Greelys purchased a delightful old-fashioned +house on G Street, below Pennsylvania Avenue, where +they still reside surrounded by a charming group of sons +and daughters. General Greely is always an object of +interest wherever he goes and deservedly so, as scientific +attainments, distinguished bearing and engaging manners +such as his can never fail to win applause. Mrs. Greely, +the bride of his youth and the companion of his maturer +years, wins all hearts and holds them.</p> + +<p>It would be both unjust and ungrateful to make no +mention of Mrs. Phoebe Hearst, the mother of William R. +Hearst of New York. She came to Washington an entire +stranger as the wife of the late Senator George Hearst of +California, but soon endeared herself to all old residents +by her personal magnetism, her social tact and her phil<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_392" id="Page_392">[392]</a></span>anthropic +acts. Deeply in sympathy with the work +of women, her benevolence in this particular field was +unbounded. Her entertainments were lavish and I was +often numbered among her guests. I especially recall +an evening reception given by her in honor of a company +of authors attending a congress in Washington. It +was remarkable for the number of distinguished men and +women gathered from all parts of the country, some of +whom I had never met before, and among them Mark +Twain, Francis Marion Crawford and William Dean +Howells.</p> + +<p>As I lay down my pen, memories of many old friends +are passing before me and of their children, too. Then +there are others with whom I formed ties later in life of +the most enduring character. This is especially true of +my old and cherished neighbors, Rear Admiral and Mrs. +Francis A. Roe. With his work well done he now rests +from his labors, but his widow is yet my valued friend. +Still another is Rear Admiral Winfield Scott Schley, U.S. +N. who, surrounded by admiring friends in Washington, +lives quietly and unostentatiously and bears his laurels +well; and last, but anything in the world but least, Mrs. +Julian James, a representative of a distinguished New +York family, the daughter of Theodorus Bailey Myers, +who has made her home in Washington for many years, +and is now the "Lady Bountiful" of the National Capital. +Beautiful in person as well as in character, she distributes +her wealth with a lavish hand, and richly deserves the +words "well done."</p> + +<p>In looking backward through the years of a long and +active life I have seen varied relays of humanity, all of +them acting their parts and filling their appropriate +niches—great and small often standing shoulder to +shoulder and engaged in the same strife. Many of them, +my friends in childhood as well as old age, have long +since passed into the life beyond. <i>Vanitas Vanitatis!</i><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_393" id="Page_393">[393]</a></span> +may be the exclamation of the moralizing cynic, but to +me many of these memories are a blessed heritage, and +I am grateful to the Father of All for permitting me to +catch from them the inspiration to prepare these +rambling notes.</p> + +<p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_394" id="Page_394">[394]</a></span></p> + +<hr style="width: 65%;" /><p><span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_395" id="Page_395">[395]</a></span></p> +<h2>INDEX</h2> + + +<p> +Abert, John, <a href="#Page_195">195</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Abinger, Lord, <a href="#Page_211">211</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lady, <a href="#Page_211">211</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Adams, Abigail, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Abigail Louisa Smith, <a href="#Page_148">148</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charles, <a href="#Page_148">148</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charles Francis, <a href="#Page_149">149</a>, <a href="#Page_352">352</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Charles Francis, <a href="#Page_148">148</a>, <a href="#Page_149">149</a>, <a href="#Page_352">352</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Elizabeth Combs, <a href="#Page_205">205-207</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Isaac Hull, <a href="#Page_205">205-207</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John (1), <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a>, <a href="#Page_316">316</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John (2), <a href="#Page_214">214</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John Quincy, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a>, <a href="#Page_149">149</a>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>, <a href="#Page_200">200</a>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>, <a href="#Page_280">280</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John Quincy, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>, <a href="#Page_280">280</a>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary Louisa, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas Boylston, <a href="#Page_206">206</a>, <a href="#Page_207">207</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Addington, Henry Unwin, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Addison, Joseph, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Adrian, Robert, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Agg, John T., <a href="#Page_280">280</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Albert, Prince, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William T., <a href="#Page_372">372</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Alcott, Amos Bronson, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Alfonso XIII., of Spain, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Allen, Eliza, <a href="#Page_198">198</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_198">198</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Allerton, Willoughby, <a href="#Page_324">324</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Willoughby, <a href="#Page_324">324</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Allston, Washington, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Almonte, Juan Nepomuceno, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Juan Nepomuceno, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Almy, John J., <a href="#Page_257">257</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Anderson, Richard C, <a href="#Page_239">239</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, <a href="#Page_239">239</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Robert, <a href="#Page_239">239</a>, <a href="#Page_240">240</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Andrews, Edward G., <a href="#Page_53">53</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John A., <a href="#Page_178">178</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Anne, Queen, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Anthon, Charles, <a href="#Page_13">13-16</a>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Anthony, Henry B., <a href="#Page_361">361</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Appleton, James Means, <a href="#Page_255">255</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Jesse, <a href="#Page_255">255</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Armistead, Richard, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Richard, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Susan, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Armstrong, John, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mr., of New York, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Arthur, Chester A., <a href="#Page_11">11</a>, <a href="#Page_390">390</a>, <a href="#Page_391">391</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Ashton, Henry, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Astor, Dorothea, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Eliza, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Emily, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">George, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">"George and Company," <a href="#Page_76">76</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John Jacob (1), <a href="#Page_33">33</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72-77</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John Jacob (2), <a href="#Page_22">22</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Magdalen, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William B., <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William Waldorf, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">"Astor and Camp," <a href="#Page_76">76</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Atkinson, Henry, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Henry, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Auchmuty, Richard Tyldin, <a href="#Page_364">364</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Audenreid, Florence, <a href="#Page_373">373</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joseph C., <a href="#Page_372">372</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Augustus, Emperor, <a href="#Page_385">385</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Aulick, John H., <a href="#Page_169">169</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Bache, Eliza Ann, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Matilda, <a href="#Page_278">278</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Bacon, Alice, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Delia, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Francis, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Julia, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Leonard, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Badger, Miss, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Bakhmeteff, Madame, <a href="#Page_364">364</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Balfe, Michael William, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Victoire, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Ball, Mary, <a href="#Page_377">377</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Bancroft, George, <a href="#Page_171">171</a>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>, <a href="#Page_371">371</a>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. George, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Bankhead, James, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>, <a href="#Page_211">211</a>.<br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_396" id="Page_396">[396]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Misses, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Banks, Nathaniel P., <a href="#Page_178">178</a>, <a href="#Page_315">315</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Bannister, Mr., <a href="#Page_185">185</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Bantz, Gideon, <a href="#Page_340">340</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Baraza, Cipriano, <a href="#Page_297">297</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Barbour, James L., <a href="#Page_175">175</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Barca, de la, Don Calderon, <a href="#Page_233">233</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Madame Calderon, <a href="#Page_233">233</a>, <a href="#Page_252">252</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Barclay, Andrew D., <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Bard, Samuel, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Barker, Jacob, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Barlow, Francis C., <a href="#Page_184">184</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Barnum, P. T., <a href="#Page_162">162</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Barron, James, <a href="#Page_259">259</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Bartlett, William H. C., <a href="#Page_123">123</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Bass, Mrs. Eugénie, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Bazaine, François Achillé, <a href="#Page_278">278</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Beach, Moses Y., <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_113">113</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Beale, Edward F., <a href="#Page_364">364</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Edward F., <a href="#Page_364">364</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary, <a href="#Page_364">364</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Bearn, de, Louis, <a href="#Page_230">230</a>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Princess, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Beauharnais, de, Hortense, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Beaujour, de, Felix, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Beaumont, John C., <a href="#Page_304">304</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Beauregard, de, Paix, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Toutant, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Pierre G. T., <a href="#Page_54">54</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Beck, James B., <a href="#Page_387">387</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. James B., <a href="#Page_387">387</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Becket, à, Thomas, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Beckett, Hamilton, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Belden, George, <a href="#Page_144">144</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Julia, <a href="#Page_144">144</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Belknap, William G., <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Bellini, Giovanni, <a href="#Page_234">234</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Bellows, Henry W., <a href="#Page_147">147</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Belmont, August, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. August, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Beltzhoover, Daniel M., <a href="#Page_121">121</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Benham, Henry W., <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_255">255</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Henry W., <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_255">255</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Bennett, James Gordon, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. James Gordon, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Benton, James G., <a href="#Page_46">46</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. James G., <a href="#Page_46">46</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Jessie Ann, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mr., <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Susan, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas H., <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Bentzon, Adrian B., <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Adrian B., <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Bérault, Améline, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charles, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Madame Charles, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Laura, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Marie-Louise Joséphine Laure, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Pauline, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Vincente Rose Améline, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Beresford, William, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Bergmans, Alfred, <a href="#Page_232">232</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Madame Alfred, <a href="#Page_232">232</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Berret, James G., <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. James G., <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Berrian, William, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Berrien, William McPherson, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Bertinatti, Giuseppe, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Madame Giuseppe, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Bibby, Augustus, <a href="#Page_267">267</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Edward N., <a href="#Page_267">267</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Edward N., <a href="#Page_267">267</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gouverneur S., <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_371">371</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Gouverneur S., <a href="#Page_22">22</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry Warburton, <a href="#Page_267">267</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Biddle, Nicholas, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Bigelow, John, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Bisset, John, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Black, Jeremiah S., <a href="#Page_286">286</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Rebecca B., <a href="#Page_286">286</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Blackwell, Jacob, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lydia, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Blaine, James G., <a href="#Page_174">174</a>, <a href="#Page_361">361</a>, <a href="#Page_385">385</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. James G., <a href="#Page_361">361</a>, <a href="#Page_385">385</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Blair, Hugh, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. James, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Bleecker, Anthony, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Bliss, Alexander, <a href="#Page_372">372</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Alexander, <a href="#Page_372">372</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">D. W., <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William W. S., <a href="#Page_152">152</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Blodgett, George M., <a href="#Page_87">87</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Boggs, Edward B., <a href="#Page_87">87</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Boilleau, Baron Geoffrey, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>, <a href="#Page_230">230</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Baroness, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Bolles, T. Dix, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. T. Dix, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Bolton, William Compton, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William Compton, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Bonaparte, Jerome, <a href="#Page_339">339</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Boreel, Mrs. Francis R., <a href="#Page_73">73</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Borland, Mr., <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Solon, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Boswell, James, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>.<br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_397" id="Page_397">[397]</a></span><br /> +Botelwalla, (a Parsee), <a href="#Page_294">294</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Botta, Vincenzo, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Vincenzo, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Bouck, William C., <a href="#Page_189">189</a>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Bowne, Walter, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Boyce, Edward, <a href="#Page_233">233</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Edward, <a href="#Page_233">233</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Bradford, Elizabeth Hopkins, <a href="#Page_375">375</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Bradish, Luther, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Bradley, Joseph P., <a href="#Page_382">382</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Brady, James T., <a href="#Page_83">83</a>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Brandegee, Maria, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Brasher, Philip, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Bratz, Herrman, <a href="#Page_372">372</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Bray, Mrs. Ann Eliza, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Breckenridge, John C., <a href="#Page_220">220</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Bresson, de, Paul Alfred, <a href="#Page_232">232</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Bridge, Horatio, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Horatio, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Bridgens, Cornelia, <a href="#Page_159">159</a>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Misses, <a href="#Page_159">159</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Brodhead, Jacob, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Broglie, de, Duchesse, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Bronson, Orestes Augustus, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Brooke, Catharine L., <a href="#Page_174">174</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Brooks, Peter C., <a href="#Page_148">148</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Preston S., <a href="#Page_244">244</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Sidney, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Brown, B. Gratz, <a href="#Page_351">351</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Colonel, <a href="#Page_348">348</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Jesse, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John Marshall, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John Marshall, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mr., <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert M. G., <a href="#Page_340">340</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Robert M. G., <a href="#Page_340">340</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">(Sexton), <a href="#Page_135">135</a>, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Browne, George W., <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Browning, Robert, <a href="#Page_371">371</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Robert, <a href="#Page_371">371</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Brownlee, William C., <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Bryant, William Cullen, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Buchanan, James, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>, <a href="#Page_177">177</a>, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>, <a href="#Page_242">242</a>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>, <a href="#Page_285">285</a>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>, <a href="#Page_288">288</a>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a>, <a href="#Page_376">376</a>, <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James, (British Consul in N.Y.), <a href="#Page_168">168</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Roberdeau, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Roberdeau, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Buckingham, Mrs. Benjamin F., <a href="#Page_199">199</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Buckley, Barzilla, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Bucknor, Cornelia, <a href="#Page_185">185</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Emily, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Frank, <a href="#Page_185">185</a>, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Bull, Ole, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Bullitt, Diana Moore, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Eloise, ("Lou"), <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Bulloch, James D., <a href="#Page_304">304</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Bunner, Anne, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Rudolph, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, <a href="#Page_42">42</a>, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Burdette, Charles, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Burke, Edmund, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Burney, Frances, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Burns, David, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>, <a href="#Page_237">237</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William C., <a href="#Page_297">297</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Burnside, Ambrose E., <a href="#Page_361">361</a>, <a href="#Page_364">364</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Burr, Aaron, <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Theodosia, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Burton, William E., <a href="#Page_13">13</a>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Bush, Ralph I., <a href="#Page_27">27</a>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Butler, Andrew P., <a href="#Page_244">244</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Benjamin F., <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_161">161</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Benjamin F., <a href="#Page_161">161</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gen. Benjamin F., <a href="#Page_221">221</a>, <a href="#Page_222">222</a>, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charles Henry, <a href="#Page_368">368</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Pierce (1), (Senator), <a href="#Page_85">85</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Pierce (2), <a href="#Page_85">85</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Byron, Lord, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>, <a href="#Page_354">354</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Caballero, Lucas, <a href="#Page_297">297</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Cabell, Mrs. Robert Henry, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Cadwalader, John (1), <a href="#Page_255">255</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John (2), <a href="#Page_255">255</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John L., <a href="#Page_373">373</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary, <a href="#Page_373">373</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Thomas, <a href="#Page_267">267</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Calhoun, John C., <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>, <a href="#Page_384">384</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Cameron, Simon, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Cammack, Mrs., <a href="#Page_54">54</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Campan, Madame, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Campbell, Alexander, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Archibald, <a href="#Page_207">207</a>, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Archibald, <a href="#Page_207">207</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charles H., <a href="#Page_207">207</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Charles H., <a href="#Page_207">207</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charlotte, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>, <a href="#Page_311">311</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fanny, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James (1), <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_12">12-15</a>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_31">31-33</a>, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>, <a href="#Page_179">179</a>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>, <a href="#Page_366">366</a>.</span><br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_398" id="Page_398">[398]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. James, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>, <a href="#Page_271">271</a>, <a href="#Page_311">311</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Campbell, James (2), <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Malcolm (1), <a href="#Page_6">6</a>, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Malcolm (2), <a href="#Page_17">17</a>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>, <a href="#Page_173">173</a>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>, <a href="#Page_311">311</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Margaret, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>, <a href="#Page_233">233</a>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>, <a href="#Page_264">264-266</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Marian, <a href="#Page_16">16</a>, <a href="#Page_261">261</a>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">St. George Tucker, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. St. George Tucker, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Miss, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Canda, Charles, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charlotte, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Canova, Antonio, <a href="#Page_338">338</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Carey, Asa Bacon, <a href="#Page_355">355</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Asa Bacon, <a href="#Page_355">355</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Carlisle, Earl of, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Carlota, Empress, <a href="#Page_208">208</a>, <a href="#Page_209">209</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Caroline, Queen of Naples, <a href="#Page_337">337</a>, <a href="#Page_338">338</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Carpenter, Lilian, <a href="#Page_372">372</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Matthew, <a href="#Page_372">372</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Carr, Jonathan, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Carroll, Alida, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Carrie, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charles, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Daniel, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Harriet, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Helen Sophia, <a href="#Page_314">314</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sallie, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Violetta Lansdale, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William Thomas, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William Thomas, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Carter, Bernard Moore, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, <a href="#Page_249">249</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Cass, Isabella, <a href="#Page_121">121</a>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lewis Cass, <a href="#Page_121">121</a>, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Casti, Giovanni Battista, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Caton, Richard, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Richard, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Caux, de, Grimaud, <a href="#Page_358">358</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Madame Grimaud, <a href="#Page_358">358</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Chalmers, Thomas, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Chandler, William E., <a href="#Page_361">361</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William E., <a href="#Page_361">361</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Zachariah, <a href="#Page_241">241</a>, <a href="#Page_368">368</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Zachariah, <a href="#Page_368">368</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Channing, William Henry, <a href="#Page_157">157</a>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Chapman, John Gadsby, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Charraud, John T., <a href="#Page_29">29</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Chase, Salmon P., <a href="#Page_218">218</a>, <a href="#Page_334">334</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Chateaubriand, François Auguste, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Chaulet, Mrs. George R. A., <a href="#Page_67">67</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Chegaray, Madame Eloise, <a href="#Page_50">50-54</a>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_63">63-67</a>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>, <a href="#Page_216">216</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Chesterfield, Lord, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>, <a href="#Page_329">329</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Chew, Beverly, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Beverly, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Catharine Alexander, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert S., <a href="#Page_218">218</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Choate, Rufus, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Chopin, Fréderic François, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Chrystie, Mr., <a href="#Page_186">186</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Church, Albert E., <a href="#Page_123">123</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Clagett, Darius, <a href="#Page_175">175</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Clark, Daniel, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Clay, Clement C., <a href="#Page_277">277</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Clement C., <a href="#Page_277">277</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>, <a href="#Page_159">159</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><a href="#Page_317">317</a>, <a href="#Page_384">384</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Clerke, William B., <a href="#Page_185">185</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Cleveland, Grover, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_383">383</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Clinch, Duncan L., <a href="#Page_240">240</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Clinton, Augusta, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. DeWitt, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Julia, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Cochrane, John, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>, <a href="#Page_352">352</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Codman, Charles Russell, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Coffey, Titian J., <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Titian J., <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Cohen, Abraham H., <a href="#Page_9">9</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Abraham H., <a href="#Page_9">9</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Sara Jane Picken, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Coleman, Margaret, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sarah, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Coles, Mrs. (of New York), <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Colfax, Schuyler, <a href="#Page_356">356</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Schuyler, <a href="#Page_356">356</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Colhoun, Mrs. William H., <a href="#Page_187">187</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Collins, Charles Oliver, <a href="#Page_359">359</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Charles Oliver, <a href="#Page_359">359</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Mary Bailey, <a href="#Page_359">359</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Condit-Smith, John, <a href="#Page_385">385</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John, <a href="#Page_385">385</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Conkling, Roscoe, <a href="#Page_361">361</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Roscoe, <a href="#Page_361">361</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Connelly, Pierce, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Pierce, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Contoit, John H., <a href="#Page_34">34</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Conway, Moncure D., <a href="#Page_378">378</a>, <a href="#Page_379">379</a>.<br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_399" id="Page_399">[399]</a></span><br /> +Coolidge, Mrs. Harriet Morris, <a href="#Page_200">200</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard Henry, <a href="#Page_200">200</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Richard Henry, <a href="#Page_200">200</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Cooper, James Fenimore, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Priscilla, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas Apthorpe, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Thomas Apthorpe, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Corbin, Francis Porteus, <a href="#Page_339">339</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Corcoran, Thomas, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William W., <a href="#Page_197">197</a>, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>, <a href="#Page_376">376</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Cornbury, Lord, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Cottringer, Mr., <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Coudert, Frederick R., <a href="#Page_17">17</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Cox, Arthur Cleveland, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Samuel H., <a href="#Page_90">90</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Cozzens, William B., <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Craig, Adam, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Adam, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Jane Stith, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Crampton, John F. T., <a href="#Page_226">226-228</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John F. T., <a href="#Page_227">227</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Crane, Charles H., <a href="#Page_195">195</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ichabod B., <a href="#Page_195">195</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Crawford, Francis Marion, <a href="#Page_392">392</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William H., <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Crean, Henrietta Agnes, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Crittenden, John Jordan, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Croghan, Mary E., <a href="#Page_233">233</a>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Cromwell, Oliver, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, <a href="#Page_381">381</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Samuel, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Crooke, Mary, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Croom, Henry B., <a href="#Page_54">54</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henrietta, <a href="#Page_54">54</a>, <a href="#Page_55">55</a>, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Cropper, John, <a href="#Page_358">358</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John, <a href="#Page_358">358</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Crowninshield, Arent Schuyler, <a href="#Page_375">375</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Arent Schuyler, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_375">375-376</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Benjamin W., <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Misses, <a href="#Page_280">280</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Cruger, Mrs. Douglas, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Cumberland, Duke of, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>, <a href="#Page_201">201</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Cunard, Edward, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lady, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Curry, Jabez L. M., <a href="#Page_99">99</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Jabez L. M., <a href="#Page_99">99</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Curtin, Andrew G., <a href="#Page_352">352</a>, <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Curtis, George William, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>, <a href="#Page_377">377</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Cushing, Caleb, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>, <a href="#Page_198">198</a>, <a href="#Page_251">251</a>, <a href="#Page_252">252</a>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a>, <a href="#Page_255">255</a>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>, <a href="#Page_333">333</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Custis, Mrs. Daniel Parke, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Sallie Smith, <a href="#Page_337">337</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Cutts, Mrs. Rose Adelle ("Addie"), <a href="#Page_219">219</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James Madison, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>, <a href="#Page_219">219</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. James Madison, <a href="#Page_218">218-220</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Dahlgren, John A., <a href="#Page_377">377</a>, <a href="#Page_378">378</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John A., <a href="#Page_377">377</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Madeleine Vinton, <a href="#Page_377">377</a>, <a href="#Page_378">378</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Dallas, George M., <a href="#Page_85">85</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Daly, Charles P., <a href="#Page_13">13</a>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joseph F., <a href="#Page_18">18</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Dana, Charles A., <a href="#Page_157">157</a>, <a href="#Page_352">352</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Francis, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Francis, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Da Ponte, Lorenzo, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lorenzo L., <a href="#Page_53">53</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Dardon, Madame, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Darwin, Charles, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Davenport, Mrs. Henry K., <a href="#Page_213">213</a><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard G., <a href="#Page_213">213</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Davidge, Walter D., <a href="#Page_387">387</a>, <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Walter D., <a href="#Page_387">387</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Davidson, Samuel, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Davies, Solomon B., <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Solomon B., <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Davis, Charles Augustus, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Charles Augustus, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">David, <a href="#Page_352">352</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Delaware, <a href="#Page_380">380</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry Gassaway, <a href="#Page_340">340</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Henry Gassaway, <a href="#Page_340">340</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">George T., <a href="#Page_245">245</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Grace, <a href="#Page_340">340</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Hallie, <a href="#Page_340">340</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Jefferson, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>, <a href="#Page_284">284</a>, <a href="#Page_287">287</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Jefferson, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_373">373</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Kate, <a href="#Page_340">340</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Samuel B., <a href="#Page_380">380</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Winter, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Dawes, Anna, <a href="#Page_361">361</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry L., <a href="#Page_361">361</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Henry L., <a href="#Page_361">361</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Day, Henry, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>.<br /> +<br /> +De Genlis, Madame, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>.<br /> +<br /> +De Hart, Abigail, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>.<br /> +<br /> +De Kay, George Coleman, <a href="#Page_221">221</a>.<br /> +<br /> +De Koven, Henry, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Henry, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>.</span><br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_400" id="Page_400">[400]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Reginald, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +De Menou, Jules, <a href="#Page_193">193</a>.<br /> +<br /> +De Peyster, Arent Schuyler, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Captain, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Frederick (1), <a href="#Page_49">49</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Frederick (2), <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Frederick, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James Ferguson, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John Watts, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John Watts, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Susan Maria Clarkson, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +De Rham, Henry Casimir, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Henry Casimir, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +De Ruiz, Domingo Leoncio, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Domingo Leoncio, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +De Sodré, Lucinia, <a href="#Page_314">314</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Luis Pereira, <a href="#Page_314">314</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +De Staël, Madame, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>.<br /> +<br /> +De Veaux, Mr., of New York, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>.<br /> +<br /> +De Wint, Caroline, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>.<br /> +<br /> +De Witt, Thomas, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>.<br /> +<br /> +De Wolf, Mr., <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Decatur, Anne Pine, <a href="#Page_309">309</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Stephen (1), <a href="#Page_216">216</a>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>, <a href="#Page_259">259</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>, <a href="#Page_309">309</a>, <a href="#Page_310">310</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Stephen, <a href="#Page_259">259</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Stephen (2), <a href="#Page_309">309</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Dehon, Fanny, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Delafield, Edward, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Edward, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joseph, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Delarue, Marguerite M., <a href="#Page_175">175</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Demonet, Charles, <a href="#Page_175">175</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Demsey, John, <a href="#Page_323">323</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Denning, Hannah Maria, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Dennison, Jenny, <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Miss, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William, <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Dent, Louis, <a href="#Page_355">355</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Louis, <a href="#Page_355">355</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Derby, George H., <a href="#Page_282">282-285</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Désabaye, Caroline, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Clara, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gustave, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Marc, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Pierre Prosper, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Déslonde, Adrian, <a href="#Page_93">93</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Marie Mathilde, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Dewey, Orville, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>.<br /> +<br /> +D'Hervilly, Joseph U. F., <a href="#Page_68">68</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Madame Joseph U. F., <a href="#Page_67">67</a>, <a href="#Page_68">68</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Dickinson, Jonathan, <a href="#Page_389">389</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Julia Maria, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Didot, Firmin, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Diehl, George, <a href="#Page_328">328</a>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. George, <a href="#Page_328">328</a>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Marie, <a href="#Page_328">328</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Dieterich, George, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Dillon-Lee, Marmaduke, <a href="#Page_328">328</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Dix, John A., <a href="#Page_315">315</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Morgan, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Dodge, Mary Abigail, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>, <a href="#Page_385">385</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Donelson, Andrew Jackson, <a href="#Page_358">358</a>, <a href="#Page_359">359</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Donoho, Thomas Seaton, <a href="#Page_272">272</a>, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>.<br /> +<br /> +D'Oremieulx, Theophile, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Douglas, Dr., <a href="#Page_198">198</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">George, <a href="#Page_113">113</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. George, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Jennie, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John W., <a href="#Page_357">357</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John W., <a href="#Page_357">357</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Stephen A., <a href="#Page_219">219</a>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Stephen A., <a href="#Page_219">219</a>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>, <a href="#Page_349">349</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Downing, Andrew Jackson, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Andrew Jackson, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">"Jack," <a href="#Page_276">276</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. "Jack," <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Dryden, John, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Dudley, Mrs. Henry, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William E., <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Duer, Anna Henrietta, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Catharine Theodore, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Edward Alexander, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Edward Alexander, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Eleanor Jones, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Elizabeth Denning, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Frances Maria, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Maria Theodosia, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William A., <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William A., <a href="#Page_15">15</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Duke, Mrs. Basil, <a href="#Page_243">243</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Dundas, Mr., <a href="#Page_168">168</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Dunmore, Earl of, <a href="#Page_141">141-143</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Dunn, Miss, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_401" id="Page_401">[401]</a></span>Durand, Asher B., <a href="#Page_119">119</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Dutilh, Eugene, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Eugene, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Dyer, Alexander B., <a href="#Page_125">125</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Eames, Charles, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Charles, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>, <a href="#Page_171">171-173</a>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>, <a href="#Page_179">179</a>, <a href="#Page_249">249</a>, <a href="#Page_261">261-262</a>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a>, <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charles Campbell, <a href="#Page_386">386</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fanny, <a href="#Page_172">172</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Early, Jubal A., <a href="#Page_324">324</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Eastman, Mrs. Anna Harris, <a href="#Page_369">369</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas Henderson, <a href="#Page_369">369</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Thomas Henderson, <a href="#Page_369">369</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Eaton, John H., <a href="#Page_359">359</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John H., <a href="#Page_359">359</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Edes, Margaret, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Edgar, Daniel, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Daniel, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Edgeworth, Maria, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Edward VII., <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Elkins, Stephen B., <a href="#Page_340">340</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Stephen B., <a href="#Page_340">340</a>, <a href="#Page_378">378</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Ellet, Mrs. Elizabeth, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>, <a href="#Page_340">340</a>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Ellicott, Andrew, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Elssler, Fanny, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Emerson, Ralph Waldo, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>, <a href="#Page_251">251</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Emery, William H., <a href="#Page_278">278</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William H., <a href="#Page_278">278</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Emmett, the Messrs. of N.Y., <a href="#Page_112">112</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Emory, Miss, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Eppes, Francis Wayles, <a href="#Page_339">339</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John Wayles, <a href="#Page_339">339</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John Wayles, <a href="#Page_339">339</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Esterhazy, The Countess, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Eugénie, Empress, <a href="#Page_270">270</a>, <a href="#Page_307">307</a>, <a href="#Page_338">338</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Eustis, Abram, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Abram, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Evarts, William M., <a href="#Page_151">151</a>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>, <a href="#Page_383">383</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Eveleth, Kate, <a href="#Page_362">362</a>, <a href="#Page_363">363</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Everett, Edward, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a>, <a href="#Page_149">149</a>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>, <a href="#Page_222">222-225</a>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Edward, <a href="#Page_148">148</a>, <a href="#Page_222">222</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry Sidney, <a href="#Page_149">149</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Ewell, Cordelia, <a href="#Page_273">273</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard S., <a href="#Page_273">273</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Fahnenberg, Baron, <a href="#Page_243">243</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Fairlie, James, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Louisa, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Farley, Mrs. John, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Featherstonhaugh, G. W., <a href="#Page_97">97</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Fendall, Mrs. Reginald, <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Fessenden, John M., <a href="#Page_182">182</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Field, Cyrus W., <a href="#Page_384">384</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">David Dudley, <a href="#Page_384">384</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry M., <a href="#Page_384">384</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Stephen J., <a href="#Page_384">384</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Stephen J., <a href="#Page_384">384</a>, <a href="#Page_385">385</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Figanière, Joaquim Cesar de, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Fish, Bayard, <a href="#Page_185">185</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Beekman, <a href="#Page_185">185</a>, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">"Fish, Grinnell and Company," <a href="#Page_113">113</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Fish, Hamilton (1), <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_148">148</a>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>, <a href="#Page_151">151</a>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a>, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>, <a href="#Page_373">373</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Hamilton, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>,</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;"><a href="#Page_153">153</a>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>, <a href="#Page_360">360</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Hamilton (2), <a href="#Page_373">373</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Preserved, <a href="#Page_113">113</a>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Fisher, George H., <a href="#Page_180">180</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Fitzgerald, Louis, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Floyd, John B., <a href="#Page_341">341</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John G., <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Julia, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mr., <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Follin, Adolphus, <a href="#Page_185">185</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Foote, Henry S., <a href="#Page_388">388</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Kate, <a href="#Page_361">361</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Forbes, Harriet Blackwell, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Maria, <a href="#Page_22">22-24</a>, <a href="#Page_26">26-28</a>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>, <a href="#Page_294">294</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Forrest, Edwin, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Edwin, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Uriah, <a href="#Page_369">369</a>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Forsyth, John, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John, <a href="#Page_280">280</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Foster, Lafayette S., <a href="#Page_334">334</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Fox, Henry Stephen, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>, <a href="#Page_228">228</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Francis, John W., <a href="#Page_23">23</a>, <a href="#Page_26">26-28</a>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Franklin, Benjamin, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>, <a href="#Page_379">379</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Fraser, Donald, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Freeman, Isabel, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William G., <a href="#Page_199">199</a>.</span><br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_402" id="Page_402">[402]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William G., <a href="#Page_199">199</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Frelinghuysen, Frederick, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Frederick Theodore, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Theodore, <a href="#Page_11">11</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Fremont, John C., <a href="#Page_230">230</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John C., <a href="#Page_230">230</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Frietchie, Barbara, <a href="#Page_125">125</a>, <a href="#Page_327">327</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Fuller, Margaret, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Melville, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Furguson, Mrs., <a href="#Page_287">287</a><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Gadsby, John, <a href="#Page_177">177</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Gage, Henry (1), <a href="#Page_24">24</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry (2), <a href="#Page_125">125</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Thomas, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Gaines, Edmund Pendleton (1), <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Edmund Pendleton, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Edmund Pendleton (2), <a href="#Page_354">354</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Edmund Pendleton (2), <a href="#Page_354">354</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Myra Clark, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Gales, Mrs. Joseph, <a href="#Page_280">280</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Galliher, Mr., <a href="#Page_185">185</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Galt, Matthew W., <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Matthew W., <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Garcia, Manuel, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Signor, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Garfield, James A., <a href="#Page_377">377</a>, <a href="#Page_389">389</a>, <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Garrick, David, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Garrison, William Lloyd, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Gaston, William, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>, <a href="#Page_389">389</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William, <a href="#Page_389">389</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Gau, Alexandre, <a href="#Page_233">233</a>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Alexandre, <a href="#Page_233">233</a>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Gautier, Charles, <a href="#Page_175">175</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Gauvain, Michael A., <a href="#Page_29">29</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Gelston, David, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Maltby, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Margaret, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Genet, Edmond Charles, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>.<br /> +<br /> +George I., <a href="#Page_8">8</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Gerard, James W., <a href="#Page_144">144</a>, <a href="#Page_185">185</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Julia, <a href="#Page_185">185</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Gerolt, von, Bertha, <a href="#Page_232">232</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Baroness, <a href="#Page_232">232</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Frederick Charles Joseph, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>, <a href="#Page_232">232</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Baroness, <a href="#Page_232">232</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Gerry, Mrs. Hannah Greene, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Gevers, Johan Cornelis, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Baroness, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Gibbes, Annette, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charlotte Augusta, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert Morgan, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Robert Morgan, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas S., <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Thomas S., <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Gibbon, Edward, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Gibbs, Benjamin F., <a href="#Page_304">304</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">George, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. George, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Laura Wolcott, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Wolcott, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Gillett, Ransom H., <a href="#Page_138">138</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Goelet, Peter, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Goldsborough, Margaret, <a href="#Page_334">334</a>, <a href="#Page_350">350</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary Catharine, <a href="#Page_334">334</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Gonzales, Ambrosio José, <a href="#Page_234">234</a>, <a href="#Page_235">235</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Goodloe, Green Clay, <a href="#Page_387">387</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Green Clay, <a href="#Page_387">387</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Gordon, John B., <a href="#Page_324">324</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Gordon-Cumming, Alexander Penrose, <a href="#Page_172">172</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Alexander Penrose, <a href="#Page_172">172</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Gould, James, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Gouverneur, Mrs. Abraham, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Elizabeth, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Emily, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Frederick Philipse, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gertrude, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Isaac, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Louisa A., <a href="#Page_270">270</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Margaret Philipse, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary Marston, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Maud Campbell, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a>, <a href="#Page_271">271</a>, <a href="#Page_307">307</a>, <a href="#Page_362">362</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Nicholas, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>, <a href="#Page_127">127</a>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Rose de Chine, <a href="#Page_309">309</a>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ruth Monroe, <a href="#Page_288">288</a>, <a href="#Page_320">320</a>, <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Samuel, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Samuel, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Samuel L. (1), <a href="#Page_193">193</a>, <a href="#Page_256">256-258</a>, <a href="#Page_261">261</a>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>, <a href="#Page_272">272</a>, <a href="#Page_314">314</a>, <a href="#Page_315">315</a>, <a href="#Page_320">320</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Samuel L. (1), (first wife, Maria Hester Monroe), <a href="#Page_47">47</a>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a>, <a href="#Page_259">259</a>, <a href="#Page_260">260</a>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>.</span><br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_403" id="Page_403">[403]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Samuel L. (1), (second wife, Mary Digges Lee), <a href="#Page_256">256</a>, <a href="#Page_261">261</a>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Samuel L. (2), <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>, <a href="#Page_115">115</a>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a>, <a href="#Page_259">259</a>, <a href="#Page_262">262-264</a>, <a href="#Page_267">267</a>, <a href="#Page_270">270-272</a>, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>, <a href="#Page_283">283</a>, <a href="#Page_285">285</a>, <a href="#Page_288">288</a>, <a href="#Page_290">290</a>, <a href="#Page_292">292</a>, <a href="#Page_294">294</a>, <a href="#Page_295">295</a>, <a href="#Page_300">300-303</a>, <a href="#Page_306">306-309</a>, <a href="#Page_312">312</a>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a>, <a href="#Page_316">316-320</a>, <a href="#Page_322">322</a>, <a href="#Page_323">323</a>, <a href="#Page_325">325</a>, <a href="#Page_328">328</a>, <a href="#Page_330">330</a>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a>, <a href="#Page_335">335</a>, <a href="#Page_350">350-353</a>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a>, <a href="#Page_364">364</a>, <a href="#Page_366">366</a>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>, <a href="#Page_373">373</a>, <a href="#Page_389">389</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Samuel L. (2), <a href="#Preface"><i>Preface</i></a>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a>, <a href="#Page_270">270</a>, <a href="#Page_271">271</a>, <a href="#Page_308">308</a>, <a href="#Page_344">344</a>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a>, <a href="#Page_347">347</a>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a>, <a href="#Page_362">362</a>, <a href="#Page_366">366</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Samuel Mongan Warburton, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +"Gouverneur and Kemble," <a href="#Page_48">48</a>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Gower, Ronald, <a href="#Page_228">228</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Grabow, von, Guido, <a href="#Page_233">233</a>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Baroness, <a href="#Page_233">233</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Graham, George, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. George, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Granger, Adele, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Delia W., <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Francis, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gideon, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Grant, Frederick, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Nellie, <a href="#Page_356">356</a>, <a href="#Page_366">366</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ulysses S., <a href="#Page_152">152</a>, <a href="#Page_232">232</a>, <a href="#Page_254">254</a>, <a href="#Page_319">319</a>, <a href="#Page_349">349</a>, <a href="#Page_350">350</a>, <a href="#Page_351">351</a>, <a href="#Page_352">352</a>, <a href="#Page_355">355</a>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a>, <a href="#Page_361">361</a>, <a href="#Page_365">365</a>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a>, <a href="#Page_373">373</a>, <a href="#Page_376">376</a>, <a href="#Page_381">381</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Ulysses S., <a href="#Page_355">355</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Gray, John F., <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Greeley, Horace, <a href="#Page_225">225</a>, <a href="#Page_350">350</a>, <a href="#Page_351">351</a>, <a href="#Page_352">352</a>, <a href="#Page_355">355</a>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Greely, Adolphus W., <a href="#Page_214">214</a>, <a href="#Page_391">391</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Adolphus W., <a href="#Page_214">214</a>, <a href="#Page_391">391</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Green, Alice, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href="#Page_240">240</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Thomas, <a href="#Page_240">240</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Greenhow, Robert, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Robert, <a href="#Page_177">177</a>, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>, <a href="#Page_221">221</a>, <a href="#Page_222">222</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Rose, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Greenwood, Grace, <a href="#Page_377">377</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Greig, John, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Griffin, William Preston, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William Preston, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Griffith, Arabella, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">George, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Philip, <a href="#Page_222">222</a>, <a href="#Page_224">224</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Grinnell, Cornelia, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>.<br /> +<br /> +"Grinnell, Minturn and Co.," <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Guiteau, Charles J., <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Gurowski, Adam, <a href="#Page_177">177</a>, <a href="#Page_246">246-250</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ignatius, <a href="#Page_249">249</a>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ladislas, <a href="#Page_246">246</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Guthrie, James, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Gwin, William McKendree, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>, <a href="#Page_278">278</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William McKendree, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Habersham, Joseph (1), <a href="#Page_57">57</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joseph (2), <a href="#Page_57">57</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Josephine, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William Neyle, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, <a href="#Page_335">335</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William Neyle, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, <a href="#Page_335">335</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Haight, Mrs. Richard K., <a href="#Page_155">155</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Haldane, Mary, <a href="#Page_358">358</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Hale, Eugene, <a href="#Page_368">368</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Halleck, Henry W., <a href="#Page_317">317</a>, <a href="#Page_318">318</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Hallett, Hughes, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Hughes, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Halliday, Edward C., <a href="#Page_388">388</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Edward C., <a href="#Page_388">388</a>, <a href="#Page_389">389</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Hamilton, Alexander (1), <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a>, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>, <a href="#Page_380">380</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Alexander (1), <a href="#Page_193">193</a>, <a href="#Page_197">197</a>, <a href="#Page_287">287</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Alexander (2), <a href="#Page_38">38</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Alexander (2), <a href="#Page_38">38</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Angelica, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gail, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>, <a href="#Page_385">385</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James A., <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. James A., <a href="#Page_38">38</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John A., <a href="#Page_175">175</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John C., <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John C., <a href="#Page_22">22</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Laurens, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Molly, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Philip, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Schuyler, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Schuyler, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>, <a href="#Page_365">365</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Hammersley, Gordon, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Gordon, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>, <a href="#Page_246">246</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Louis, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Louis, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Hammond, George, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Hardee, William J., <a href="#Page_120">120</a>, <a href="#Page_121">121</a>, <a href="#Page_125">125</a>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Hardey, Madame Mary Aloysia, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Harod, Charles, <a href="#Page_207">207</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary Williamson, <a href="#Page_207">207</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_404" id="Page_404">[404]</a></span>Harper, Emily, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_246">246</a>, <a href="#Page_251">251</a>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Harper, Robert Goodloe, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Robert Goodloe, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Walter, <a href="#Page_175">175</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Harrison, Augustus Joseph Francis, <a href="#Page_307">307</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Benjamin, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>, <a href="#Page_357">357</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Henry, <a href="#Page_368">368</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William Henry, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>, <a href="#Page_201">201</a>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Hasbrouck, Henry C., <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Maria, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William C., <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William C., <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Havens, Benny, <a href="#Page_121">121-123</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Haviland, John Von Sonntag, <a href="#Page_277">277</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Hawks, Francis L., <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>, <a href="#Page_250">250</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Hawley, Joseph R., <a href="#Page_361">361</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Joseph R., <a href="#Page_361">361</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_257">257</a>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Hawthorne, Nathaniel, <a href="#Page_157">157</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Hay, George, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. George, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sophie, <a href="#Page_50">50</a>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Hayes, Rutherford B., <a href="#Page_151">151</a>, <a href="#Page_367">367</a>, <a href="#Page_381">381-383</a>, <a href="#Page_387">387</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Rutherford B., <a href="#Page_383">383</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Hayne, Mr., <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Hazard, John, <a href="#Page_1">1-3</a>, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John ("Nancy"), <a href="#Page_6">6</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Jonathan, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Maria, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary Ann, <a href="#Page_18">18</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Theodore E., <a href="#Page_387">387</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +"Heard (Augustus) and Company," <a href="#Page_293">293</a>, <a href="#Page_308">308</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Hearst, George, <a href="#Page_391">391</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. George (Phoebe), <a href="#Page_391">391</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William R., <a href="#Page_391">391</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Heckscher, Richard, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Richard, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Heiskell, Henry Lee, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Henry Lee, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James Monroe, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>, <a href="#Page_319">319</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Hellen, Mary, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>, <a href="#Page_281">281</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Henry, Joseph, <a href="#Page_359">359</a>, <a href="#Page_360">360</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Joseph, <a href="#Page_359">359</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Patrick, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Heth, Henry, <a href="#Page_121">121</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joice, <a href="#Page_162">162</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Heyward, Edward, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Hibbard, Mr., <a href="#Page_262">262</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Hicks, Henry W., <a href="#Page_111">111</a>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>.<br /> +<br /> +"Hicks and Company," <a href="#Page_117">117</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Higginson, Francis J., <a href="#Page_358">358</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Francis J., <a href="#Page_358">358</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Hilgard, Theodore E., <a href="#Page_387">387</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Theodore E., <a href="#Page_387">387</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Hill, Clement C., <a href="#Page_199">199</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Clement C., <a href="#Page_199">199</a>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ellen Ann, <a href="#Page_368">368</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Hilton, Henry, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Hinckley, Mrs. Samuel L., <a href="#Page_81">81</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Hinsdale, Horace, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Hoes, Roswell Randall, <a href="#Page_346">346</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Roswell Randall, <a href="#Preface"><i>Preface</i></a>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Hoff, William Bainbridge, <a href="#Page_387">387</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Hoffman, Charles F., <a href="#Page_268">268</a>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Charles F., <a href="#Page_269">269</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charles W., <a href="#Page_385">385</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Eugene A., <a href="#Page_268">268</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Josiah Ogden, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Matilda, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ogden, <a href="#Page_43">43</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Ogden, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +"Hoffman and Seaton," <a href="#Page_48">48</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Hogan, Frances, <a href="#Page_354">354</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_354">354</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Hogarth, William, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Holly, Mrs. Hamilton, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a>, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>, <a href="#Page_287">287</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Holmes, Oliver Wendell, <a href="#Page_245">245</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Holt, Joseph, <a href="#Page_341">341-344</a>, <a href="#Page_346">346-348</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Hone, John, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Philip, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Hopkins, Louise, <a href="#Page_375">375</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Samuel Miles, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Hornsby, Isham, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Isham, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Horsey, Outerbridge, <a href="#Page_314">314</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Hortense, Queen, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>.<br /> +<br /> +House, Crissie, <a href="#Page_331">331</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Misses, <a href="#Page_331">331</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Houston, Sam, <a href="#Page_198">198</a>, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Sam (first wife, Eliza Allen), <a href="#Page_198">198</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Sam (second wife, Margaret Moffette), <a href="#Page_199">199</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Howard, Henry George, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Henry George, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Howe, Mrs. Julia Ward, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Howells, William Dean, <a href="#Page_392">392</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Howland, Gardiner G., <a href="#Page_239">239</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Gardiner G., <a href="#Page_239">239</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Hoyt, Goold, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Goold, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>.</span><br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_405" id="Page_405">[405]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Hannah, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Hoyt, Henry Shaeffe, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Henry Sheaffe, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Jesse, <a href="#Page_31">31</a>, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Huc, Evariste Régis, <a href="#Page_288">288</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Hughes, John, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>, <a href="#Page_104">104-106</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Hull, Amos G., <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Hulsemann, John George, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Humboldt, von, Alexander, <a href="#Page_232">232</a>, <a href="#Page_245">245</a>, <a href="#Page_289">289</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Hunt, Ward, <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Ward, <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Ridgely, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Hunter, David, <a href="#Page_326">326</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Iglehart, James, <a href="#Page_304">304</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Ingersoll, Colin M., <a href="#Page_223">223</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Ingle, Osborne, <a href="#Page_328">328</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Inglis, Fanny, <a href="#Page_233">233</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lydia, <a href="#Page_233">233</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Irving, Leslie, <a href="#Page_185">185</a>, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Pierre Paris, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Pierre Paris, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sanders, <a href="#Page_174">174</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Sanders, <a href="#Page_174">174</a>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Washington, <a href="#Page_40">40</a>, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>, <a href="#Page_127">127</a>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Iselin, Adrian, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Isaac, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Izard, Ralph, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Jackson, Andrew, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, <a href="#Page_161">161</a>, <a href="#Page_189">189</a>, <a href="#Page_191">191</a>, <a href="#Page_207">207</a>, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>, <a href="#Page_244">244</a>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>, <a href="#Page_280">280</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>, <a href="#Page_358">358</a>, <a href="#Page_359">359</a>, <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Benjamin L., <a href="#Page_175">175</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Luther, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas J. ("Stonewall"), <a href="#Page_327">327</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +James II., <a href="#Page_7">7</a>.<br /> +<br /> +James, Edward, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Julian, <a href="#Page_392">392</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +"Jardine and Matthewson," <a href="#Page_306">306</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Jauncey, Jane Mary, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Jay, Elizabeth Clarkson, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_379">379</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Peter Augustus, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>, <a href="#Page_204">204</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Peter Augustus, <a href="#Page_204">204</a>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Jefferson, Maria, <a href="#Page_339">339</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Martha, <a href="#Page_357">357</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_97">97</a>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a>, <a href="#Page_357">357</a>, <a href="#Page_380">380</a>, <a href="#Page_381">381</a>, <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Jeffrey, Alexander, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Alexander, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Jeffrey, Jennie, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Jennings, Sarah, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Jesup, Thomas S., <a href="#Page_258">258</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Jewell, Miss, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Johnson, Alexander B., <a href="#Page_148">148</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Alexander B., <a href="#Page_148">148</a>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Andrew, <a href="#Page_342">342</a>, <a href="#Page_343">343</a>, <a href="#Page_345">345</a>, <a href="#Page_347">347-349</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Bradley T., <a href="#Page_319">319</a>, <a href="#Page_320">320</a>, <a href="#Page_321">321</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">George, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joseph E. ("Joe"), <a href="#Page_326">326</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joshua, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Louisa Catharine, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Samuel, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>, <a href="#Page_331">331</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William Clarkson, <a href="#Page_200">200</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William Crawford, <a href="#Page_320">320</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Johnston, Mrs. Harriet Lane, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Henry Elliott, <a href="#Page_285">285</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James M., <a href="#Page_369">369</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary B., <a href="#Page_369">369</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William P., <a href="#Page_368">368</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Joinville, de, Prince, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Jones, David S., <a href="#Page_15">15</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Dr., <a href="#Page_262">262</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Gore, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Isaac, <a href="#Page_153">153</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Isaac, <a href="#Page_153">153</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John P., <a href="#Page_376">376</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary Anna Schuyler, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Roger, <a href="#Page_195">195</a>, <a href="#Page_283">283</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Samuel, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Madame Sarah, <a href="#Page_58">58-60</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Virginia Collins, <a href="#Page_255">255</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Walter, <a href="#Page_255">255</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Joseph II., of Austria, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Judd, Gerrit P., <a href="#Page_171">171</a>, <a href="#Page_173">173</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Samuel, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Kane, De Lancey, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. De Lancey, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lydia, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sarah, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Kantzow, de, Frederick, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Baroness, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Kean, Christine, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Peter Philip James, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Kearny, Mrs. Diana Bullitt, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>, <a href="#Page_238">238</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Edward, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>.</span><br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_406" id="Page_406">[406]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Kearny, Nancy, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Philip (1), <a href="#Page_163">163-165</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Philip (1), <a href="#Page_164">164</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Philip (2), <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>, <a href="#Page_175">175</a>, <a href="#Page_238">238</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Philip (2), <a href="#Page_163">163</a>, <a href="#Page_238">238</a>, <a href="#Page_239">239</a>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Virginia De Lancey, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Keating, Miss, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Keats, John, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Keefer, C. H., <a href="#Page_350">350</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Kellogg, Frances, <a href="#Page_216">216</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Julia, <a href="#Page_216">216</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sanford C., <a href="#Page_276">276</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Kemble, Charles, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ellen, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fanny, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_84">84-86</a>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gouverneur, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>, <a href="#Page_123">123-127</a>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a>, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>, <a href="#Page_338">338</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Margaret, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Margaret Tillotson, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Peter, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Peter, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard Frederick, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Richard Frederick, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>, <a href="#Page_295">295</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>, <a href="#Page_185">185</a>, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>, <a href="#Page_271">271</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Kemmerer, Joseph, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Kennedy, James C., <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. James C., <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joseph C. G., <a href="#Page_205">205</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Joseph C. G., <a href="#Page_205">205</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas H., <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Thomas H., <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Kennon, Mrs. Beverly, <a href="#Page_193">193</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Kernan, Francis, <a href="#Page_361">361</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Francis, <a href="#Page_361">361</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Miss, <a href="#Page_361">361</a>, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href="#Page_361">361</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Kerr, Mr., <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Key, Francis Scott, <a href="#Page_334">334</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Kidder, Jerome E., <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Kilbourn, Miss, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.<br /> +<br /> +King, Archibald Gracie, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Archibald Gracie, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charles, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Charles, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charles B., <a href="#Page_119">119</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +King, Charles C., <a href="#Page_111">111</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Horatio, <a href="#Page_376">376</a>, <a href="#Page_377">377</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Horatio, <a href="#Page_377">377</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John W., <a href="#Page_64">64</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John W., <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Preston, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>, <a href="#Page_349">349</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Rufus, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Kingman, Eliab., <a href="#Page_256">256</a>, <a href="#Page_272">272-274</a>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Eliab., <a href="#Page_273">273</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Kneeland, Samuel F., <a href="#Page_17">17</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Knox, John (1), <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John (2), <a href="#Page_86">86</a>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, of Scotland, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Kortright, Hester, <a href="#Page_256">256</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lawrence, <a href="#Page_256">256</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Kosciusko, Thaddeus, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>, <a href="#Page_246">246</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Kossuth, Louis, <a href="#Page_156">156</a>, <a href="#Page_157">157</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Kourowski, Mr., <a href="#Page_250">250</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Kunkel, Jacob M., <a href="#Page_328">328</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Jacob M., <a href="#Page_328">328</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Kunze, Johann Christoff, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Kuroki, General, <a href="#Page_250">250</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Labitzky, Joseph, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Lafayette, de, Marquis, <a href="#Page_1">1</a>, <a href="#Page_239">239</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Lafitte, Jean, <a href="#Page_207">207</a>.<br /> +<br /> +La Fontaine, Jean, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Laight, Edward, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Henry, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Lamb, Charles, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Lane, Harriet, <a href="#Page_285">285</a>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James, <a href="#Page_349">349</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Langdon, John, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Louisa, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Walter, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Walter, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Lansdale, Philip, <a href="#Page_304">304</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Latimer, C. R., <a href="#Page_174">174</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Laughton, J. Scott, <a href="#Page_233">233</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Lawrence, James, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John Tharp, <a href="#Page_362">362</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John Tharp, <a href="#Page_362">362</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Julia A. K., <a href="#Page_362">362</a>, <a href="#Page_363">363</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Leake, John G., <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Leary, Anna, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Lee, Mrs. Arthur, <a href="#Page_340">340</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fitzhugh, <a href="#Page_383">383</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Frederick Graham, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>.</span><br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_407" id="Page_407">[407]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Lee, John F., <a href="#Page_368">368</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John F., <a href="#Page_368">368</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary Digges, <a href="#Page_256">256</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert E., <a href="#Page_121">121</a>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>, <a href="#Page_208">208</a>, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>, <a href="#Page_314">314</a>, <a href="#Page_316">316</a>, <a href="#Page_327">327</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Samuel Phillips, <a href="#Page_368">368</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas Sim, <a href="#Page_256">256</a>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_174">174</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mr., <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Leisler, Jacob, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Lemoine, Ponty, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Ponty, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +L'Enfant, Pierre Charles, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Lenox, Robert, <a href="#Page_49">49</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Lente, Frederick D., <a href="#Page_118">118</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Frederick D., <a href="#Page_118">118</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Leopold I., <a href="#Page_228">228</a>.<br /> +<br /> +LeRoy, Caroline, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charlotte, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Herman, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Jacob R., <a href="#Page_111">111</a>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Susan, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Le Sage, Alain René, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Leupp, Miss, <a href="#Page_5">5</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Le Vert, Henry S., <a href="#Page_371">371</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Henry S., <a href="#Page_370">370</a>, <a href="#Page_371">371</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Octavia Walton, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Lewis, John Vaughan, <a href="#Page_375">375</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Li Hung Chang, <a href="#Page_306">306</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Lincoln, Abraham, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>, <a href="#Page_208">208</a>, <a href="#Page_219">219</a>, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>, <a href="#Page_342">342</a>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a>, <a href="#Page_384">384</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Ling Kein (Mandarin), <a href="#Page_295">295</a>, <a href="#Page_296">296</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Lippincotts, the publishers, <a href="#Page_335">335</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Lipton, Thomas, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Lispenard, Alice, <a href="#Page_13">13</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Livingston, Angelica, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Estelle, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John Swift, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Johnston, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Margaret, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Maria, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Maturin, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Maturin, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Peter Van Brough, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Philip, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert Edward, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert R. (Chancellor), <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert R. (Judge), <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Susan, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Lomax, Ann Corbin, <a href="#Page_240">240</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mann Page, <a href="#Page_240">240</a>, <a href="#Page_241">241</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Virginia, <a href="#Page_240">240</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Longfellow, Henry W., <a href="#Page_13">13</a>, <a href="#Page_244">244</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Lord, Daniel, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>, <a href="#Page_295">295</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Phoebe, <a href="#Page_137">137</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Lorillard, Jacob, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Jacob, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Julia, <a href="#Page_79">79</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Louis XIV., <a href="#Page_276">276</a>, <a href="#Page_389">389</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Louis XVI., <a href="#Page_3">3</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Lowndes, William Jones, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Ludlow, Augustus C., <a href="#Page_134">134</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas W., <a href="#Page_111">111</a>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Lumley-Savile, John, <a href="#Page_228">228</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Luquer, Lynch, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Nicholas, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Nicholas, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Lynch, Adelaide, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Anne C., <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Dominick, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Eugene H., <a href="#Page_262">262</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John A., <a href="#Page_331">331</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John A., <a href="#Page_331">331</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Lyon, James, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_201">201</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Macalister, Lily, <a href="#Page_232">232</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Macfarland, Henry B. F., <a href="#Page_357">357</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Henry B. F., <a href="#Page_357">357</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Mackenzie, Alexander Slidell, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Macmaster, Anne, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>.<br /> +<br /> +MacNeil, Elizabeth, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_255">255</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fanny, <a href="#Page_255">255</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_255">255</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Macomb, Alexander, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>, <a href="#Page_363">363</a>, <a href="#Page_388">388</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Alexander, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Alexander S., <a href="#Page_163">163</a>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Alexander S., <a href="#Page_163">163-165</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Macready, William C., <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.<br /> +<br /> +McAllister, Ward, <a href="#Page_136">136</a>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>.<br /> +<br /> +McClellan, George B., <a href="#Page_200">200</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lucy, <a href="#Page_7">7</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +McCorquodale, Mr., <a href="#Page_168">168</a>.<br /> +<br /> +McCullough, John E., <a href="#Page_364">364</a>.<br /> +<br /> +McDonnel, D. N., <a href="#Page_34">34</a>.<br /> +<br /> +McElroy, John, <a href="#Page_332">332</a>.<br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_408" id="Page_408">[408]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John E., <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +McEvers, Charles, Jr., <a href="#Page_111">111</a>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>, <a href="#Page_166">166</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +McGill, John Thomas, <a href="#Page_326">326</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John Thomas, <a href="#Page_326">326</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +McKay-Smith, Alexander, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Alexander, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +McKee, Joseph, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>.<br /> +<br /> +McKim, Mr., <a href="#Page_280">280</a>.<br /> +<br /> +McKnight, James, <a href="#Page_216">216</a>.<br /> +<br /> +McLane, Allan, <a href="#Page_358">358</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Anne, <a href="#Page_358">358</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John R., <a href="#Page_364">364</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +McLeod, Mr., <a href="#Page_233">233</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs., <a href="#Page_233">233</a>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +McPherson, Mrs. John ("Fannie"), <a href="#Page_328">328</a>, <a href="#Page_331">331</a>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert G., <a href="#Page_324">324</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Robert G., <a href="#Page_324">324</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +McTavish, Alexander S., <a href="#Page_105">105</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charles Carroll, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Charles Carroll, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>, <a href="#Page_107">107</a>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Emily, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary Wellesley, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +McVickar, John, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>.<br /> +<br /> +M'Dougall, Peter, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.<br /> +<br /> +M'Gregor, John, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Madison, James, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>, <a href="#Page_219">219</a>, <a href="#Page_241">241</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. James ("Dolly"), <a href="#Page_47">47</a>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>, <a href="#Page_197">197</a>, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>, <a href="#Page_219">219</a>, <a href="#Page_324">324</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Magruder, George A., <a href="#Page_211">211</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Helen, <a href="#Page_211">211</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John B., <a href="#Page_182">182</a>, <a href="#Page_208">208-211</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Mahan, Alfred T., <a href="#Page_123">123</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Dennis H., <a href="#Page_123">123</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Maitland, Mr., of New York, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Malibran, Madame, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Manning, Daniel, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Marble, Manton, <a href="#Page_382">382</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Marcoleta, de, José, <a href="#Page_235">235</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Marcy, Cornelia, <a href="#Page_198">198</a>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William L., <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_138">138</a>, <a href="#Page_177">177</a>, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a>, <a href="#Page_198">198</a>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>, <a href="#Page_284">284</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William L., <a href="#Page_178">178</a>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Marini, Lewis G., <a href="#Page_373">373</a>, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Mariscal, Madame, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Markoe, Francis S., <a href="#Page_218">218</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Marlborough, Duke of, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Duchess of, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Marquand, Frederick, <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry G., <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Marshall, Emily, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Marston, Nathaniel, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Nathaniel, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Martin, Mr. (of Jamaica, N.Y.), <a href="#Page_6">6</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Marvel, Ik, <a href="#Page_159">159</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Marx, Henry Carroll, <a href="#Page_161">161</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Mary, Queen of Scots, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Mason, Betty, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Emily Virginia, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Florence, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James M., <a href="#Page_212">212</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_153">153</a>, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John M., <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John T., <a href="#Page_212">212</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Matilda, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Miss, of New York, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Stevens Thompson, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Thomson F. ("Colross"), <a href="#Page_212">212</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Masters, Josiah, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Masters, Margaret, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Maulsby, William P., <a href="#Page_328">328</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William P., <a href="#Page_328">328</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Maury, Matthew F., <a href="#Page_207">207-210</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Matthew F., <a href="#Page_208">208</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Maximilian, Archduke, <a href="#Page_208">208</a>, <a href="#Page_278">278</a>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Maxwell, Charles Duval, <a href="#Page_369">369</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Hugh, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Maynadier, William, <a href="#Page_363">363</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William ("Sallie"), <a href="#Page_362">362</a>, <a href="#Page_363">363</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Maynard, Edward, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Mayo, Edward, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Edward, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>, <a href="#Page_181">181</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Maria D., <a href="#Page_180">180</a>, <a href="#Page_181">181</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>, <a href="#Page_189">189</a>, <a href="#Page_191">191</a>, <a href="#Page_192">192</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William Starbuck, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William Starbuck, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Meade, George G., <a href="#Page_316">316</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard W., <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Medhurst, Walter H., <a href="#Page_293">293</a>, <a href="#Page_303">303</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Meikleham, David Scott, <a href="#Page_357">357</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. David Scott (Septimia Randolph), <a href="#Page_357">357</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Mercer, William Swann, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William Swan, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Meredith, Emma, <a href="#Page_238">238</a>, <a href="#Page_239">239</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Jonathan, <a href="#Page_238">238</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Messinger, Daniel, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>.<br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_409" id="Page_409">[409]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Daniel, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Messinger, Thomas H., <a href="#Page_167">167</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Milledoler, Philip, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Miller, Charles Dudley, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Charles Dudley, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href="#Page_255">255</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Thomas, <a href="#Page_255">255</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William Starr, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Mills, Clark, <a href="#Page_244">244</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Milne, Mr., <a href="#Page_293">293</a>, <a href="#Page_302">302</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Mimmack, Bernard P., <a href="#Page_359">359</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Bernard P., <a href="#Page_359">359</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Minus, Hetty, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Philippa, <a href="#Page_98">98</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Mitchell, Donald G., <a href="#Page_159">159</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">S. Weir, <a href="#Page_373">373</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Samuel L., <a href="#Page_10">10</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Moffette, Margaret, <a href="#Page_199">199</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Monroe, Bettie, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Columbus, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Eliza, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Fannie, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>, <a href="#Page_101">101</a>, <a href="#Page_108">108</a>, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>, <a href="#Page_123">123</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a>, <a href="#Page_177">177</a>, <a href="#Page_206">206</a>, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a>, <a href="#Page_257">257</a>, <a href="#Page_263">263</a>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>, <a href="#Page_267">267</a>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>, <a href="#Page_285">285</a>, <a href="#Page_317">317</a>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a>, <a href="#Page_335">335</a>, <a href="#Page_357">357</a>, <a href="#Page_363">363</a>, <a href="#Page_366">366</a>, <a href="#Page_379">379</a>, <a href="#Page_380">380</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. James, <a href="#Page_77">77</a>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>, <a href="#Page_264">264</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James (nephew of President), <a href="#Page_114">114</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. James, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Maria Hester, <a href="#Page_256">256-258</a>, <a href="#Page_363">363</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mr. <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Montauban, Charles, <a href="#Page_307">307</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Montgomery, Richard, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Richard, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Moore, Benjamin, <a href="#Page_10">10</a>, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Clement C., <a href="#Page_105">105</a>, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Maria Theresa, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Theresa, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William (1), <a href="#Page_130">130</a>, <a href="#Page_185">185</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William (2), <a href="#Page_130">130</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William (2), <a href="#Page_130">130</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Mordecai, Alfred, <a href="#Page_125">125</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Morgan, John Hunt, <a href="#Page_319">319</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mr., <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Morpeth, Lord, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Morris, Charles, <a href="#Page_200">200</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charles W., <a href="#Page_93">93</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charlotte, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Emily, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gouverneur (1), <a href="#Page_226">226</a>, <a href="#Page_307">307</a>, <a href="#Page_380">380</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Morris, Mrs. Gouverneur (1), <a href="#Page_226">226</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gouverneur (2), <a href="#Page_165">165</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lewis, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Rebecca, <a href="#Page_369">369</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Roger, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Roger, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sarah, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_38">38</a>, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Thomas, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mr., of New York, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Mosby, John S., <a href="#Page_319">319</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Motley, John Lothrop, <a href="#Page_171">171</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Mott, Valentine, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Munro, John, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Seaton, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>, <a href="#Page_373">373</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Murray, Charles Augustus, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Charles Augustus, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John (Lord Dunmore), <a href="#Page_141">141</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Virginia, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Murat, Achillé, <a href="#Page_337">337</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Madame Achillé, <a href="#Page_337">337</a>, <a href="#Page_338">338</a>, <a href="#Page_339">339</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joachim, <a href="#Page_337">337</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Muse, William S., <a href="#Page_386">386</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Myers, Theodorus Bailey, <a href="#Page_392">392</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Napier, Lord, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Napoleon I., <a href="#Page_337">337</a>, <a href="#Page_338">338</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">III., <a href="#Page_209">209</a>, <a href="#Page_258">258</a>, <a href="#Page_278">278</a>, <a href="#Page_307">307</a>, <a href="#Page_338">338</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Nau, Madame, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Neil, Robert Elkin, <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Robert Elkin, <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Neilson, Anthony Bleecker, <a href="#Page_155">155</a>, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Bleecker, <a href="#Page_155">155</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Elizabeth Coles, <a href="#Page_168">168</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_155">155</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Newcomb, Simon, <a href="#Page_360">360</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Newell, George, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Nicholas I., of Russia, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Nicholson, Mrs. Augustus S., <a href="#Page_258">258</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Niemcewicz, Julian, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Ning Ping (a Chinese servant), <a href="#Page_295">295-297</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Noah, Mordecai Manasseh, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Norris, Basil, <a href="#Page_363">363</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William H., <a href="#Page_92">92</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Norton, John Hatley, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.<br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_410" id="Page_410">[410]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John Hatley (Louisa Key), <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Nott, Eliphalet (1), <a href="#Page_305">305</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Eliphalet (2), <a href="#Page_305">305</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Eliphalet (2), <a href="#Page_305">305</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Nourse, Charles J. (1), <a href="#Page_118">118</a>, <a href="#Page_271">271</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charles J. (2), <a href="#Page_271">271</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charles Josephus, <a href="#Page_369">369</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Charles Josephus, <a href="#Page_369">369</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +O'Brien, Lucius, <a href="#Page_121">121</a>, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>.<br /> +<br /> +O'Conor, Charles, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>, <a href="#Page_59">59</a>, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_153">153</a>, <a href="#Page_334">334</a>.<br /> +<br /> +O'Donnell, Charles Oliver, <a href="#Page_314">314</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Charles Oliver, <a href="#Page_314">314</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Columbus, <a href="#Page_314">314</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +O'Neal, Peggy, <a href="#Page_359">359</a>.<br /> +<br /> +O'Neill, Ellen Elizabeth, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Rose, <a href="#Page_218">218</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +O'Sullivan, John L., <a href="#Page_48">48</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Ogilvie, John, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Olcott, Mrs. J. Van Vechten, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Oliver, Emily, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert Shaw, <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Robert Shaw, <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +"Olyphant and Company," <a href="#Page_155">155</a>, <a href="#Page_292">292</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Olyphant, Robert Morrison, <a href="#Page_292">292</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Robert Morrison, <a href="#Page_292">292</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Onderdonk, Benjamin T., <a href="#Page_371">371</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry M., <a href="#Page_371">371</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Henry M., <a href="#Page_371">371</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Justine Bibby, <a href="#Page_371">371</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Opie, Mrs. Amelia, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Orleans, Duke of, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Ossoli, Giovanni Angelo, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Marchionesse, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Otis, Harrison Gray, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Harrison Gray, <a href="#Page_274">274</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James W., <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Miss, of New York, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sally, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Owen, John, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sarah, <a href="#Page_2">2</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Paganini, Nicolo, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Paine, "Dolly," <a href="#Page_219">219</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Frederick H., <a href="#Page_386">386</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href="#Page_379">379</a>, <a href="#Page_380">380</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Todd, <a href="#Page_219">219</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Palmer, Aulick, <a href="#Page_387">387</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Frances Hailes, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Innis N., <a href="#Page_121">121</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Palmer, James S., <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Palmerston, Lord, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Paris, de, Comte, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Parker, Mrs. Charles Maverick, <a href="#Page_155">155</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Theodore, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Parmly, Eleazer, <a href="#Page_28">28</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Parrott, Robert P., <a href="#Page_119">119</a>, <a href="#Page_125">125-127</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Robert P., <a href="#Page_119">119</a>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Parsons, William H., <a href="#Page_309">309</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William H., <a href="#Page_309">309</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Partington, Ike, <a href="#Page_277">277</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs., <a href="#Page_277">277</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Patterson, Carlisle P., <a href="#Page_204">204</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Carlisle P., <a href="#Page_204">204</a>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Daniel T., <a href="#Page_207">207</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Miss, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Patton, John B., <a href="#Page_220">220</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John B., <a href="#Page_220">220</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Paulding, James K., <a href="#Page_119">119</a>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Pauline, Princess, <a href="#Page_338">338</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Payne, Thatcher T., <a href="#Page_53">53</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Peabody, Andrew P., <a href="#Page_171">171</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Elizabeth P., <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Pearson, Anna, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Eliza, <a href="#Page_204">204</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joseph, <a href="#Page_204">204</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Josephine, <a href="#Page_204">204</a>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Pegram, George Herbert, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Pelikao, de, Comte, <a href="#Page_307">307</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Pemberton, Mr., <a href="#Page_290">290</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Pendleton, Edmund, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Edmund, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Edward, <a href="#Page_238">238</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Edward, <a href="#Page_238">238</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_185">185</a>, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Penniman, James F., <a href="#Page_36">36</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Pennington, Mary, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Perkins, Hamilton, <a href="#Page_373">373</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Perry, Augustus, <a href="#Page_175">175</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Caroline Slidell, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Matthew C., <a href="#Page_95">95</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Matthew C., <a href="#Page_95">95</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sarah, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href="#Page_175">175</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Pettigru, James L., <a href="#Page_98">98</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. James L., <a href="#Page_98">98</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Phelps, Seth Ledyard, <a href="#Page_376">376</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Philip, Mrs. William Henry, <a href="#Page_389">389</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_411" id="Page_411">[411]</a></span>Philippe, Louis, <a href="#Page_39">39</a>, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Philips, Frederick, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Philipse, Adolphus, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Catharine Wadsworth, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Frederick, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Frederick, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Margaret, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Margaret Gouverneur, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Philip, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Philip, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Phillips, Elizabeth, <a href="#Page_389">389</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Philip, <a href="#Page_221">221</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Philip, <a href="#Page_221">221</a>, <a href="#Page_222">222</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Wendell, <a href="#Page_99">99</a>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a>, <a href="#Page_172">172</a>, <a href="#Page_251">251</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Phoenix, John, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Picken, Andrew, <a href="#Page_8">8</a>, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Andrew, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Pickering, Timothy, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Picot, Mr., of New York, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Pierce, Franklin, <a href="#Page_102">102</a>, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a>, <a href="#Page_227">227</a>, <a href="#Page_251">251</a>, <a href="#Page_252">252</a>, <a href="#Page_255">255</a>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Franklin, <a href="#Page_255">255</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Martha, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sarah, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Misses, <a href="#Page_280">280</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Pierpont, John, <a href="#Page_377">377</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Pierrepont, Edwards, <a href="#Page_342">342</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Pike, Albert, <a href="#Page_371">371</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Thomas, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Pise, Charles Constantine, <a href="#Page_88">88</a>, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Pleasanton, Mr., <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Poe, Edgar Allan, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Poinsett, Joel Roberts, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Joel Roberts, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Polk, James K., <a href="#Page_138">138</a>, <a href="#Page_171">171</a>, <a href="#Page_177">177</a>, <a href="#Page_182">182</a>, <a href="#Page_195">195</a>, <a href="#Page_372">372</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. James K., <a href="#Page_182">182</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Poore, Ben Perley, <a href="#Page_272">272</a>, <a href="#Page_276">276</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Pope, Alexander, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Porter, Andrew, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Andrew, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">David, <a href="#Page_259">259</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">David D., <a href="#Page_174">174</a>, <a href="#Page_207">207</a>, <a href="#Page_259">259</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John K., <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Post, Catharine Wadsworth, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Potter, Chandler E., <a href="#Page_255">255</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Chandler E., <a href="#Page_255">255</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Potts, George, <a href="#Page_328">328</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard M., <a href="#Page_328">328</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Powell, Thomas, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Thomas, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Powers, Hiram, <a href="#Page_197">197</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Preston, Wickliffe, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Price, Cicero, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lilly Warren, <a href="#Page_154">154</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Stephen, <a href="#Page_81">81</a>, <a href="#Page_82">82</a>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Proctor, Redfield, <a href="#Page_355">355</a>.<br /> +<br /> +"Purden and Company," <a href="#Page_290">290</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Pyne, Smith, <a href="#Page_195">195</a>, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Raasloff, Waldemar Rudolph, <a href="#Page_235">235</a>, <a href="#Page_248">248</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Racine, Jean, <a href="#Page_29">29</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Rainsford, Mr., <a href="#Page_185">185</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Ramsay, Francis M., <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">George Douglas, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>, <a href="#Page_235">235</a>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>, <a href="#Page_281">281</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. George Douglas, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Randall, Thomas, <a href="#Page_339">339</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Randolph, Anne Cary, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas Jefferson, <a href="#Page_352">352</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas Mann, <a href="#Page_357">357</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Thomas Mann, <a href="#Page_357">357</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Rantoul, Robert, <a href="#Page_245">245</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Rathbone, Julia, <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Ray, Cornelia, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Robert, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Raymond, Henry J., <a href="#Page_46">46</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Read, George, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John Meredith, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Redfern, Joseph, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Reid, George C., <a href="#Page_386">386</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Whitelaw, <a href="#Page_352">352</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Relf, Richard, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Remington, Mrs. Thomas Pym, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Renwick, James, <a href="#Page_14">14</a>, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. James, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Jane Jeffrey, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Reynolds, Joshua, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Rhett, Charles H., <a href="#Page_212">212</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Charles H., <a href="#Page_212">212</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas G., <a href="#Page_212">212</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Thomas G., <a href="#Page_212">212</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Richardson, Samuel, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_326">326</a>, <a href="#Page_327">327</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William A., <a href="#Page_361">361</a>, <a href="#Page_365">365</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William A., <a href="#Page_361">361</a>, <a href="#Page_365">365</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Richie, Lady, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_412" id="Page_412">[412]</a></span>Ricketts, Mrs. Frances Lawrence, <a href="#Page_361">361-363</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Ricketts, James B., <a href="#Page_361">361</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Riggs, George W., <a href="#Page_353">353</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Ringgold, Tench, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Ripley, George, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Ritchie, John, <a href="#Page_326">326</a>, <a href="#Page_328">328</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John, <a href="#Page_326">326</a>, <a href="#Page_328">328</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href="#Page_171">171</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Rives, William C., <a href="#Page_38">38</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William C., <a href="#Page_38">38</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Robertson, Beverly H., <a href="#Page_319">319</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Robeson, George M., <a href="#Page_232">232</a>, <a href="#Page_361">361</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. George M., <a href="#Page_361">361</a>, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Robespierre, M. M. I., <a href="#Page_380">380</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Robinson, Douglas, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Douglas, <a href="#Page_262">262</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Rochambeau, de, Count, <a href="#Page_371">371</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Roche, Regina M., <a href="#Page_67">67</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Rockwell, Almon F., <a href="#Page_355">355</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Almon F., <a href="#Page_355">355</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Rodgers, C. R. P., <a href="#Page_95">95</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. C. R. P., <a href="#Page_95">95</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert S., <a href="#Page_165">165</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Robert S., <a href="#Page_165">165</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Rodney, George B., <a href="#Page_1">1</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Roe, Emily Maria, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Francis A., <a href="#Page_346">346</a>, <a href="#Page_392">392</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Francis A., <a href="#Page_392">392</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary Elizabeth, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas Hazard, <a href="#Page_133">133</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Rogers, John Leverett, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John Leverett, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_185">185</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Roothan, John, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Ross, Fanny McPherson, <a href="#Page_332">332</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Worthington, <a href="#Page_328">328</a>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Roulet, Mr., of New York, <a href="#Page_52">52</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Ruggles, Samuel B., <a href="#Page_65">65</a>, <a href="#Page_144">144</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Rumpff, Vincent, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Countess, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Rush, Benjamin, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.<br /> +<br /> +"Russell and Company," <a href="#Page_302">302</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Russell, Ida, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>, <a href="#Page_267">267</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Ruturfurde (Rutherford), Walter, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Sairs, Mrs. Deborah, <a href="#Page_96">96</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Salles, Laurent, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Louise Stephanie, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Sandidge, John M., <a href="#Page_277">277</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Sands, Robert C., <a href="#Page_45">45</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Sanford, Henry, <a href="#Page_244">244</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Santa Anna, Antonio Lopez, <a href="#Page_200">200</a>, <a href="#Page_201">201</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Madame Antonio Lopez, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Saracco, Pierro, <a href="#Page_135">135</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Sartiges, de, Eugène, <a href="#Page_223">223</a>, <a href="#Page_224">224</a>, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Comtesse, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Sartoris, Algernon, <a href="#Page_356">356</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Savage, John, <a href="#Page_273">273</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joseph, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Savile, Baron, <a href="#Page_228">228</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Savile-Lumley, John, <a href="#Page_228">228</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Sayre, Mrs. Isaac, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Scarborough, Earl of, <a href="#Page_228">228</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Scarlett, James York MacGregor, <a href="#Page_211">211</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Schenck, James F., <a href="#Page_301">301</a>, <a href="#Page_303">303</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Schenley, Edward W. H., <a href="#Page_233">233</a>, <a href="#Page_234">234</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Schermerhorn, Abraham, <a href="#Page_111">111</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Schley, Fairfax, <a href="#Page_328">328</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Fairfax, <a href="#Page_328">328</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Winfield Scott, <a href="#Page_391">391</a>, <a href="#Page_392">392</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Schmidt, John William, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John William, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Julia, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Schomberg, Emily, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Schroeder, Francis, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Francis, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Seaton, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Schurz, Carl, <a href="#Page_352">352</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Schuyler, Mrs. Eugene, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Philip, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Scott, Adeline Camilla, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>, <a href="#Page_196">196</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Cornelia, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a>, <a href="#Page_212">212</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry Lee, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Henry Lee, <a href="#Page_194">194</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Marcella ("Ella"), <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_104">104</a>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert N., <a href="#Page_357">357</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Robert N., <a href="#Page_357">357</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Virginia, <a href="#Page_61">61-63</a>, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Walter, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>, <a href="#Page_357">357</a>, <a href="#Page_363">363</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Winfield, <a href="#Page_61">61</a>, <a href="#Page_62">62</a>, <a href="#Page_103">103-105</a>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>, <a href="#Page_122">122-124</a>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>, <a href="#Page_180">180</a>, <a href="#Page_181">181</a>, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>, <a href="#Page_186">186-188</a>, <a href="#Page_193">193-203</a>, <a href="#Page_205">205</a>, <a href="#Page_211">211</a>, <a href="#Page_238">238</a>, <a href="#Page_256">256</a>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>, <a href="#Page_329">329</a>, <a href="#Page_349">349</a>, <a href="#Page_363">363</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Winfield, <a href="#Page_103">103</a>, <a href="#Page_105">105-107</a>, <a href="#Page_114">114</a>, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>, <a href="#Page_170">170</a>, <a href="#Page_180">180-184</a>, <a href="#Page_187">187</a>, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a>, <a href="#Page_197">197</a>, <a href="#Page_201">201</a>, <a href="#Page_211">211</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_413" id="Page_413">[413]</a></span>Scoville, George M., <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Seabury, Samuel, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Samuel, <a href="#Page_60">60</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Seaton, Caroline, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gales, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William Winston, <a href="#Page_275">275</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William Winston, <a href="#Page_259">259</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Sedgwick, Mr., of New York, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Selkirk, Alexander, <a href="#Page_66">66</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Semmes, J. Harrison, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Seth, Margaret Chatham, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>, <a href="#Page_271">271</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Sevigné, de, Madame, <a href="#Page_179">179</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Seward, Olive Risley, <a href="#Page_376">376</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William H., <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_174">174</a>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a>, <a href="#Page_248">248</a>, <a href="#Page_272">272</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Seymour, Charles, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Horatio, <a href="#Page_149">149</a>, <a href="#Page_361">361</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Shakespeare, William, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>, <a href="#Page_71">71</a>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Sharp, Alexander (1), <a href="#Page_355">355</a>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Alexander (1), <a href="#Page_355">355</a>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Alexander (2), <a href="#Page_355">355</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Shelley, Percy Bysshe, <a href="#Page_65">65</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Shelton, Helen K., <a href="#Page_82">82</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Shepherd, Alexander R., <a href="#Page_353">353</a>, <a href="#Page_354">354</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Sherman, William T., <a href="#Page_313">313</a>, <a href="#Page_335">335</a>, <a href="#Page_350">350</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Shiff, Eugene, <a href="#Page_156">156</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Shillaber, Benjamin P., <a href="#Page_277">277</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Shriver, Edward, <a href="#Page_314">314</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Shubrick, William B., <a href="#Page_372">372</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William B., <a href="#Page_372">372</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Shuster, William M., <a href="#Page_175">175</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Sinclair, John, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Skidmore, Lemuel, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Martha, <a href="#Page_23">23</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Slidell, Jane, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John (1), <a href="#Page_58">58</a>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John (2), <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_93">93-95</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Julia, <a href="#Page_95">95</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +"Slidell, John, Jr., and Company," <a href="#Page_95">95</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Sloane, Samuel, <a href="#Page_303">303</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Samuel, <a href="#Page_303">303</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_302">302</a>, <a href="#Page_303">303</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Small, Elisha, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Smith, Augustine, <a href="#Page_185">185</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Captain, <a href="#Page_288">288</a>, <a href="#Page_291">291</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Edmund Hamilton, <a href="#Page_375">375</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Edmund Hamilton, <a href="#Page_375">375</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Elizabeth, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gerrit, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Gerrit, <a href="#Page_150">150</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Hamilton, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Henrietta, <a href="#Page_56">56</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Henry William, <a href="#Page_134">134</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James C., <a href="#Page_375">375</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Nathaniel, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Snead, Augustine, <a href="#Page_385">385</a>, <a href="#Page_386">386</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Fayette, <a href="#Page_386">386</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Somerville, William C., <a href="#Page_182">182</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Southard, Samuel L., <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Virginia E., <a href="#Page_44">44</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Spaulding, James Reed, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Speed, James, <a href="#Page_343">343-345</a>, <a href="#Page_347">347</a>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Spencer, John C., <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Philip, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_92">92</a>, <a href="#Page_93">93</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Spinner, Francis E., <a href="#Page_218">218</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Sprigg, Samuel, <a href="#Page_215">215</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Stanard, Robert Craig, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Robert Craig, <a href="#Page_63">63</a>, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_346">346</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Stark, John, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Starkey, Thomas Alfred, <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Thomas Alfred, <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Stephens, Alexander H., <a href="#Page_222">222</a>, <a href="#Page_223">223</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Steptoe, Ann, <a href="#Page_324">324</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Steuart, Adam Duncan, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Adam Duncan, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Steuben, Frederick William, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Stevens, John Austin, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John Austin, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John C., <a href="#Page_166">166</a>, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John C., <a href="#Page_166">166</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lucretia Ledyard, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Stewart, Alexander T., <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Campbell F., <a href="#Page_180">180</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Charles, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lispenard, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Lispenard, <a href="#Page_118">118</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William M., <a href="#Page_388">388</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William M., <a href="#Page_388">388</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +St. Memin, de, Comtesse, <a href="#Page_51">51</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Stockton, Francis B., <a href="#Page_216">216</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Francis B., <a href="#Page_216">216</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert F., <a href="#Page_373">373</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Story, Joseph, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Stout, Edward C., <a href="#Page_169">169</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Jacob, <a href="#Page_75">75</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Julia, <a href="#Page_169">169</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Minnie, <a href="#Page_169">169</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Strauss, Johann, <a href="#Page_167">167</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Strong, George W., <a href="#Page_153">153</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry, <a href="#Page_378">378</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_368">368</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_414" id="Page_414">[414]</a></span>Strother, Sally, <a href="#Page_242">242</a>, <a href="#Page_243">243</a>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Stuart, Alexander, <a href="#Page_37">37</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">David, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gilbert, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert L., <a href="#Page_37">37</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Virginia, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +"Stuart, R. L. and A.," <a href="#Page_37">37</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Stubs, Alfred, <a href="#Page_87">87</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Stuyvesant, Helen, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Nicholas William, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Peter G., <a href="#Page_188">188</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Sullivan, George, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. George, <a href="#Page_280">280</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Sultan of Zanzibar, <a href="#Page_304">304</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Sumner, Charles, <a href="#Page_178">178</a>, <a href="#Page_198">198</a>, <a href="#Page_241">241-244</a>, <a href="#Page_246">246</a>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a>, <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">George, <a href="#Page_245">245</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Horace, <a href="#Page_158">158</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Surratt, Anna, <a href="#Page_348">348</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Mary E., <a href="#Page_342">342-344</a>, <a href="#Page_348">348</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Suydam, Hendrick, <a href="#Page_3">3</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Swearingen, Mrs. Sarah Henderson, <a href="#Page_385">385</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Swift, Dean, <a href="#Page_80">80</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Syng, William F., <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William F., <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Taglioni, Maria, <a href="#Page_86">86</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Tallmadge, Frederick S., <a href="#Page_144">144</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Frederick S., <a href="#Page_144">144</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Taney, Roger B., <a href="#Page_218">218</a>, <a href="#Page_333">333</a>, <a href="#Page_334">334</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Tardy, l'Abbé, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Target, F., <a href="#Page_381">381</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Tasistro, Louis Fitzgerald, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>, <a href="#Page_25">25</a>, <a href="#Page_26">26</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Louis Fitzgerald, <a href="#Page_24">24</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Tayloe, Anne, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Benjamin Ogle, <a href="#Page_235">235</a>, <a href="#Page_281">281</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Benjamin Ogle, <a href="#Page_47">47</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_235">235</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Virginia, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Taylor, Franck, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Henry C., <a href="#Page_176">176</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Zachary, <a href="#Page_122">122</a>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>, <a href="#Page_233">233</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Tellkampf, John Louis, <a href="#Page_17">17</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Tenney, William I., <a href="#Page_35">35</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Thackeray, Anne Isabella, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William M., <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_128">128</a>, <a href="#Page_129">129</a>, <a href="#Page_245">245</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Thayer, John E., <a href="#Page_139">139</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John E., <a href="#Page_139">139</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Thomas, George H., <a href="#Page_216">216</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. George H., <a href="#Page_216">216</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mr., <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Philip F., <a href="#Page_315">315-317</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Thomson, Alexander, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Thompson, Smith, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Thorburn, Grant, <a href="#Page_19">19</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Thorndike, Anna, <a href="#Page_229">229</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Thorne, Herman, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Herman, <a href="#Page_78">78</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Thornton, Edward, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lady Edward, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Jane Washington Augusta, <a href="#Page_387">387</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_387">387</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Tilden, Samuel J., <a href="#Page_178">178</a>, <a href="#Page_382">382</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Tillary, James, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Tillotson, Robert Livingston, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>, <a href="#Page_267">267</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Thomas, <a href="#Page_120">120</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Timberlake, John B., <a href="#Page_359">359</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John B., <a href="#Page_296">296</a>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Ting Ting (Chinese cook), <a href="#Page_296">296</a>, <a href="#Page_297">297</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Tittmann, Otto H., <a href="#Page_387">387</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Otto H., <a href="#Page_387">387</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Tocqueville, de, Alexis, <a href="#Page_245">245</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Todd, Laurie, <a href="#Page_20">20</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Toler, Hugh A., <a href="#Page_96">96</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Hugh A., <a href="#Page_96">96</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Tothammer, Gubriel, <a href="#Page_48">48</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Toutant, Elodie, <a href="#Page_54">54</a>, <a href="#Page_58">58</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Tracy, Benjamin F., <a href="#Page_274">274</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Trail, Charles E., <a href="#Page_328">328</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Charles E., <a href="#Page_328">328</a>, <a href="#Page_341">341</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Travers, William R., <a href="#Page_137">137</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Trist, Nicholas P., <a href="#Page_359">359</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Trumbull, Lyman, <a href="#Page_352">352</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Tuckerman, Bayard, <a href="#Page_34">34</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Lucius, <a href="#Page_4">4</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Tupper, Martin Farquhar, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Turnbull, George, <a href="#Page_142">142</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_195">195</a>, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Turner, Thomas, <a href="#Page_186">186</a>, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Thomas, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Tuyll, de, Theodore, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Twain, Mark, <a href="#Page_392">392</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Tyler, Elizabeth, <a href="#Page_260">260</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>, <a href="#Page_252">252-254</a>, <a href="#Page_260">260</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>.</span><br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_415" id="Page_415">[415]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Robert, <a href="#Page_94">94</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Tyng, Stephen H. (1), <a href="#Page_87">87</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Stephen H. (2), <a href="#Page_87">87</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Ulrich, Mrs. Hannah, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Upshur, John H., <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John H., <a href="#Page_265">265</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Van Amringe, John Howard, <a href="#Page_185">185</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Van Buren, Abraham, <a href="#Page_189">189</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Anna Vander Poel, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_32">32</a>, <a href="#Page_33">33</a>, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>, <a href="#Page_192">192</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Martin, <a href="#Page_30">30-32</a>, <a href="#Page_69">69</a>, <a href="#Page_70">70</a>, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>, <a href="#Page_119">119</a>, <a href="#Page_124">124</a>, <a href="#Page_130">130</a>, <a href="#Page_161">161</a>, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>, <a href="#Page_188">188</a>, <a href="#Page_189">189</a>, <a href="#Page_192">192</a>, <a href="#Page_193">193</a>, <a href="#Page_251">251</a>, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>, <a href="#Page_382">382</a>, <a href="#Page_390">390</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Smith, <a href="#Page_192">192</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Van Cortlandt, Augustus, <a href="#Page_267">267</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Augustus, <a href="#Page_267">267</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Van Hoesen, George M., <a href="#Page_18">18</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Van Rensselaer, Frank, <a href="#Page_185">185</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John King, <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Philip S., <a href="#Page_78">78</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Philip S., <a href="#Page_78">78</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Van Karnabeek, A. P. C., <a href="#Page_232">232</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Van Ness, John P., <a href="#Page_224">224</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Vail, Aaron, <a href="#Page_281">281</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">David M., <a href="#Page_269">269</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Eleanor Louisa, <a href="#Page_269">269</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Eugene, <a href="#Page_281">281</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Eugene, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Vance, Mrs. Zebulon B., <a href="#Page_347">347</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Vanden Heuvel, Mrs. Charles, <a href="#Page_313">313</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John C., <a href="#Page_22">22</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Justine, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Susan Annette, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Vanderbilt, Cornelius, <a href="#Page_110">110</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Vandeventer, Mr., <a href="#Page_280">280</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Vandyke, Anthony, <a href="#Page_268">268</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Varela, Felix, <a href="#Page_89">89</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Vermilye, Thomas E., <a href="#Page_180">180</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Vernon, Anna O., <a href="#Page_292">292</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">The Misses, <a href="#Page_335">335</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Verplanck, Mrs. David Johnstone, <a href="#Page_270">270</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Gulian C., <a href="#Page_30">30</a>, <a href="#Page_44">44</a>, <a href="#Page_45">45</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Louisa Verplanck, <a href="#Page_271">271</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Verren, Antoine, <a href="#Page_90">90</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Vertner, Rosa, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Victoria, Queen, <a href="#Page_83">83</a>, <a href="#Page_84">84</a>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>, <a href="#Page_140">140</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Villars, Marechal, <a href="#Page_325">325</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Vincent, Thomas N., <a href="#Page_387">387</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Vinton, Samuel Finley, <a href="#Page_377">377</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Vivans, Louis, <a href="#Page_175">175</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Voltaire, François M. A., <a href="#Page_65">65</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Waddell, James J., <a href="#Page_303">303</a>, <a href="#Page_304">304</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Waddington, Madam Kate King, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Wadsworth, Elizabeth, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James S., <a href="#Page_141">141</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Wainwright, Henrietta, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Richard, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert D., <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Robert D., <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Walbach, John DeBarth, <a href="#Page_304">304</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John J. B., <a href="#Page_304">304</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Walker, George, <a href="#Page_67">67</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Wallace, Susan, <a href="#Page_183">183</a>, <a href="#Page_184">184</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Wallis, Severn Teackle, <a href="#Page_315">315</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Walton, George (1), <a href="#Page_371">371</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">George (2), <a href="#Page_371">371</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Octavia, <a href="#Page_371">371</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Ward, Artemus, <a href="#Page_151">151</a>, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Elijah, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Elijah, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Samuel, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Samuel, <a href="#Page_53">53</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Warfield, Miss, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Warner, Charles Dudley, <a href="#Page_160">160</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Warrington, Lewis, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Washington, Anna Louisa, <a href="#Page_387">387</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Bushrod, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">George, <a href="#Page_57">57</a>, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>, <a href="#Page_76">76</a>, <a href="#Page_131">131</a>, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>, <a href="#Page_152">152</a>, <a href="#Page_162">162</a>, <a href="#Page_198">198</a>, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>, <a href="#Page_243">243</a>, <a href="#Page_267">267</a>, <a href="#Page_324">324</a>, <a href="#Page_332">332</a>, <a href="#Page_337">337</a>, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>, <a href="#Page_377">377</a>, <a href="#Page_379">379</a>, <a href="#Page_380">380</a>, <a href="#Page_387">387</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Littleton Quinton, <a href="#Page_287">287</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Lund, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Milicent, <a href="#Page_324">324</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Peter Grayson, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>, <a href="#Page_286">286</a>, <a href="#Page_287">287</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Samuel, <a href="#Page_324">324</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Watson, Andrew J., <a href="#Page_169">169</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Watts, Elizabeth, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Essex, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John, <a href="#Page_12">12</a>, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_163">163</a>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mary Justina, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ridley, <a href="#Page_165">165</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, <a href="#Page_116">116</a>, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Susanna, <a href="#Page_164">164</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Wayne, Henry C., <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Henry C., <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">James M., <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Webb, Catharine Louisa, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>.<br /> +<span class='pagenum'><a name="Page_416" id="Page_416">[416]</a></span><span style="margin-left: 1em;">James Watson, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Webb, William Seward, <a href="#Page_46">46</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Webster, Daniel, <a href="#Page_36">36</a>, <a href="#Page_117">117</a>, <a href="#Page_241">241</a>, <a href="#Page_245">245</a>, <a href="#Page_247">247</a>, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>, <a href="#Page_281">281</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Weir, Robert S., <a href="#Page_324">324</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Robert S., <a href="#Page_324">324</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert W., <a href="#Page_123">123</a>, <a href="#Page_126">126</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Weller, George J., <a href="#Page_308">308</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sam, <a href="#Page_100">100</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Wellesley, Marquis of, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Marchionesse of, <a href="#Page_106">106</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Wellington, Duke of, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_194">194</a>.<br /> +<br /> +West, Mary, <a href="#Page_235">235</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Wetmore, Prosper M., <a href="#Page_257">257</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Wheatley, Emma, <a href="#Page_153">153</a>.<br /> +<br /> +White, Augusta, <a href="#Page_267">267</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Joseph M., <a href="#Page_56">56</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Whitten, Miss, of New York, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Whittier, John G., <a href="#Page_125">125</a>, <a href="#Page_245">245</a>, <a href="#Page_327">327</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Wickliffe, Margaret Anderson, <a href="#Page_342">342</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Wight, Ann G., <a href="#Page_224">224</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Wikoff, Chevalier Henry, <a href="#Page_85">85</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Wilcox, John A., <a href="#Page_358">358</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John A., <a href="#Page_358">358</a>, <a href="#Page_359">359</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Mary Donelson, <a href="#Page_358">358</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Wilde, Oscar, <a href="#Page_358">358</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Wilkes, Charles, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>, <a href="#Page_91">91</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Charles, <a href="#Page_21">21</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Wilkins, Gouverneur, <a href="#Page_226">226</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Martin, <a href="#Page_112">112</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Wilks, Mrs. Matthew, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Willard, Caleb, <a href="#Page_176">176</a>.<br /> +<br /> +William, King of Prussia, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Williams, Eleazer, <a href="#Page_250">250</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Robert, <a href="#Page_220">220</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">S. Wells, <a href="#Page_288">288</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Thomas, <a href="#Page_105">105</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. William Wilberforce, <a href="#Page_367">367</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Willing, Mrs. Thomas M., <a href="#Page_97">97</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Willis, N. P., <a href="#Page_159">159-161</a>, <a href="#Page_337">337</a>, <a href="#Page_356">356</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. N. P., <a href="#Page_160">160</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Williston, Ralph, <a href="#Page_74">74</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Wilson, George T., <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. George T., <a href="#Page_15">15</a>, <a href="#Page_132">132</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_217">217</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Winans, Beatrice, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Ross, <a href="#Page_231">231</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Winthrop, Henry R., <a href="#Page_72">72</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Henry R., <a href="#Page_60">60</a>, <a href="#Page_72">72</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John Still, <a href="#Page_73">73</a>, <a href="#Page_145">145</a>, <a href="#Page_146">146</a>, <a href="#Page_335">335</a>, <a href="#Page_336">336</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">John S., Jr., <a href="#Page_146">146</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Robert C., <a href="#Page_99">99</a>, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Robert C., <a href="#Page_99">99</a>, <a href="#Page_139">139</a>, <a href="#Page_141">141</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Sarah Bowdoin, <a href="#Page_282">282</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Wirt, William, <a href="#Page_279">279</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Wise, Henry A., <a href="#Page_109">109</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Wolcott, Oliver (1), <a href="#Page_147">147</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Oliver (2), <a href="#Page_4">4</a>, <a href="#Page_147">147</a>, <a href="#Page_313">313</a>, <a href="#Page_379">379</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Wolfe, Udolpho, <a href="#Page_109">109</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Wood, Nina, <a href="#Page_233">233</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Silas, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Virginia Beverly, <a href="#Page_64">64</a>, <a href="#Page_185">185</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Woodhull, Maxwell, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. Maxwell, <a href="#Page_214">214</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Worthington, Mrs. Charles, <a href="#Page_224">224</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Eliza, <a href="#Page_389">389</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Mrs. John Griffith, <a href="#Page_389">389</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Wright, Edward, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Katharine Maria, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>, <a href="#Page_266">266</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Silas, <a href="#Page_349">349</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William, <a href="#Page_213">213</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +Wyndham, Earl of, <a href="#Page_9">9</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Xavier, Francis, <a href="#Page_297">297</a>.<br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Young, Notley, <a href="#Page_236">236</a>.<br /> +<br /> +Yturbide, de, Madame Alice, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">de, Angelo, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">de, Augustine, <a href="#Page_370">370</a>.</span><br /> +<br /> +<br /> +Zeilin, Jacob, <a href="#Page_386">386</a>.<br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">Miss, <a href="#Page_374">374</a>.</span><br /> +<span style="margin-left: 1em;">William F., <a href="#Page_386">386</a>.</span><br /> +</p> + + +<div class='transnote'> +<h3><a name="transnotes" id="transnotes"></a>Transcriber's Notes</h3> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_7">7</a>: Comberland amended to Cumberland</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_11">11</a>: distingushed amended to distinguished; Semminaries <i>sic</i></p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_29">29</a>: Hayti <i>sic</i></p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_52">52</a>: Berault amended to Bérault</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_53">53</a>: Venitian <i>sic</i></p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_75">75</a>: Tuilleries amended to Tuileries</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_76">76</a>: racoon <i>sic</i></p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_80">80</a>: "home Gouverneur Kemble" <i>sic</i></p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_93">93</a>: dintinguished amended to distinguished</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_123">123</a>: eariler amended to earlier</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_129">129</a>: editon amended to edition</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_155">155</a>: strongely amended to strongly</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_157">157</a>: unsually amended to unusually; it amended to its +("Brook Farm had its origin....")</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_185">185</a>: Angustine amended to Augustine</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_186">186</a>: Bucknor's <i>sic</i></p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_227">227</a>: Palmerson amended to Palmerston</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_229">229</a>: Goeffrey Boilleau amended to Geoffrey Boilleau</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_240">240</a>: Fort Sumpter <i>sic</i></p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_244">244</a>: Belguim amended to Belgium</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_323">323</a>: comanding amended to commanding</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_372">372</a>: Audenried amended to Audenreid</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_380">380</a>: af amended to of ("spirit of acrimony")</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_384">384</a>: intercouse amended to intercourse</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_395">395</a>: Alfonzo amended to Alfonso</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_396">396</a>: Beaujoir amended to Beaujour; Giuseppi amended to +Giuseppe</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_398">398</a>: Index entry for Mr. and Mrs. Titian T. Coffey +removed and replaced by index entry for Mr. and Mrs. Titian +J. Coffey.</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_399">399</a>: Daponte amended to Da Ponte</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_405">405</a>: Everiste amended to Evariste; Kantzou amended to +Kantzow</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_408">408</a>: Marquard amended to Marquand; Isaiah Masten +amended to Josiah Masters</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_409">409</a>: Lathrop amended to Lothrop</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_410">410</a>: Palmerson amended to Palmerston</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_414">414</a>: Thackaray amended to Thackeray</p> + +<p>Page <a href="#Page_415">415</a>: Louis Vavans (p. 175) has been indexed as Louis +Vivans.</p> + +<p>Hyphenation has generally been standardized. However, when a +word appears hyphenated and unhyphenated an equal number of +times, both versions have been retained (churchyard/ +church-yard; earrings/ear-rings; housewarming/house-warming; +lifelong/life-long; midday/mid-day; stateroom/state-room; +transcontinental/trans-continental; warships/war-ships).</p> + +<p>Accented letters have generally been standardized, unless +different versions of the word appear an equal number of +times (cortege/cortège; resistance/résistance).</p> +</div> + + + + + + + + +<pre> + + + + + +End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of As I Remember, by Marian Gouverneur + +*** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AS I REMEMBER *** + +***** This file should be named 28384-h.htm or 28384-h.zip ***** +This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: + http://www.gutenberg.org/2/8/3/8/28384/ + +Produced by Suzanne Lybarger and the Online Distributed +Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net + + +Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions +will be renamed. + +Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no +one owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation +(and you!) can copy and distribute it in the United States without +permission and without paying copyright royalties. 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